MARTIN RUNDKVIST
BARSHALDER
A ce77wtery in Grdtlingbo and Fide parishes y
Gotland, Sweden, c. AD 1-1 100,
Excavations and finds 1826-197L
Stockholm Archaeological Reports 40.
Department of Archaeology, University of Stockholm.
Dedication
To die nienioiy of tho5c who buried rheir dead at Bars-
lialder^ aiid of diose who have documented their obser-
vations there.
© 2003 Martin Rundkvist
ISBN91'631'3530'2
Cover design: Goran Osterlund. using drawings hy Scefa
Kayac and a pKorograph by Peter Manneke
Graphic design: Texttdradling Olle Sahlin
Printed, by: Eianders Gotab, Stockliolm* 2003
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Preface ..
.6
.7
Acknowledgements ,
I . How to use this book
1.1 Points of entry
1 .2 Companion literature .
2, Introduction
2.1 General
2.1. 1 Delimiting the subject
2.1.2 Basic terminology
ZL3 Gender terminology
Z 1 .4 Chronological basics
2.1 .5 Standards of source crrtician
2.2Thesite
2.2. 1 The place-name Barshalder
Z2.2Topo^aphy and geology
Z23 Property names and boundaries
Z2,4 Cemetery division
2.Z5 Original extent of the cemetery
2.2.6 Cultural landscape context in the Iron Age
2.2.6.1 Settlement and farmland
2.2.6.2 Satellfte cemeteries
2.2.6.3 Possible harbour sites
2.2.6.4 Other Iron Age cemeteries in Gmtiingbo and Fide paridnes..
3. Recent history of the cemetery AD I 700-2000
3.\ Chronicle of observations and investigations
3. 1 . 1 The cadastral maps: Burmeister c, I 700 and Schilder 1 703
3.1 .2 Linnaeus and Wallin in the I 740s
3. 1 .3 Hilfeling 1 799
3.1.4 Ekdahl 1826
3.1.5 Saves folklore
3.1.5.1 Gullbacken
3,l.5.2Tratustajnarna
3.1.5.3 Barshaldersbacke
3.1 6 Farmsteads at the cemetery
3.1 7 Feg"aeus
3.1 8The growth of the collections
3. [ 9 Gustafson I 88 1 a 1 882
3.1 OThe ]_aga Skifte land amalgamation reform: Kruuse andYtterberg I 878-1 893
3.1 I Laurin 1899
3.1 2Nordin 1918
3. 1 3 Ame 1 920
3.1 4 Harald Hansson 1921
3. 1 5 Harald Hansson 1 927
3.1 6 Harald Hansson 1928
3.1 7 Harald Hansson 1930
3. 1 8 Bhr I 930:07 - the rich grave of 1 930
3. 1 9 Nihien I 93 I
3.1 20Stenberger 1934
.12
.14
.15
,15
.16
.16
.17
.17
.20
,20
.20
.20
.20
,20
.23
.23
.23
.23
.23
.24
.25
.25
.27
.27
.29
,29
,31
,31
.33
.34
,35
.36
.37
Table of Contents
3.1.21 Stenberger 1935
3.1.22 Stenberger 1936
3.1.23 Stenberger I937& 1938
3J24Bohm I936S, 1938
3.l.25Arbman 1939
3. 1 26 Afwidsson 1947.
3J.27Arwidsson 1950.
3.l.28Afwidsson 1951 .
3.l.29Afwidsson 1952.
3.l.30Afwidsson 1954.
3.1.31 Afwidsson I957&
3.lJ2Mannelce 1959
3J.33 Hagerl960
1958.
3.1.34 Manneke I 960-6 f
3.l.35Trotzig 1961
3.l.36Trotzig 1962
3.1 .37T"otzig 1963 at the gravel pit
3.l.38T-otzig I 963-1967 at Rojrhage 1:1
3.l.39Trotzig 1965 at the gravel pit
3.l.40T-otzig 1966 at the gravel pit
3.1.41 Manneke 1968 and Par Hansson 1971
3.2.42 Aldenmo 1971
3.1.43 Excavations after 1971
3.2 Section by section
3.2. 1 Cemetery section I . Pari^ ^avel prt
3-Z2 Cemetery section 2. Rojrhagen
3-Z3 Cemetery section 3. Roes quarry
3-Z4 Cemetery section 4. Uddvide quarry
3.2,5 Cemetery section 5. Kaldakern
3,Z6 Cemetery section 6. Gatthagen
3,Z7 Cemetery section 7. Rdenas
4. The Stone Age
5. The Roman Iron/
5. 1 Finds and excavated graves up to the end of I 97!
5. 2 Topographic distribution
6. The Migration Period
6. 1 Finds and excavated graves up to the end of I 97!
6.2 Topographic distribution
6.3 Chronology
6.4 Grave structures and mode of disposal
7.TheVendel Period
7.1 Finds and excavated graves up to the end of I 971
7.2 Topographic distribution.,
7,3 Chronology
7.3.1 Previous work.,
7.3.2 Beads
7.3.3 Disc brooches..
7.3.4 Fish-head pendants.
7.3.5 Knives
7.3.6 Seaxes
7.3.7 Lance heads..
.,37
,38
.,38
.38
,38
.39
..40
..41
..41
..42
.,42
.,43
..43
..43
..45
..45
..45
.,46
.,48
.,49
.,49
.,49
.,50
.50
,52
.,52
.,52
.,53
.,53
.,53
,53
..54
..55
.,55
..55
.56
.,56
.56
.56
..56
.60
.,60
.60
.60
..60
.60
..61
..61
..61
..61
..64
Table of Contents
7.3.8 Umbones 64
7.3.9The female sequence and methodologcal critique „ 65
7.3. 1 OThe male sequence and methodological critique 66
7.3. 1 I Correlation and absolute dates of the two sequences 68
7.4 Grave structures and mode of disposal 70
8.TheViking Period 72
8. 1 Finds and excavated graves up to the end of I 971 72
8.2 Topographic distribution 75
8.3 Chronology 75
8.3.1 The begnning of the Viking Period 75
8.3.2Theend ofthe Viking Period 75
8.3.3 Phasing theVikjngPenod 76
8.3.3. 1 Relative chronolog/ of theVildng Period 76
8.3.3.2 Absolute chronology of the Viking Period phases 78
8.3.4 Uneven Viking Period representation at Bardnalder 79
8.3.5The last burial at Barsh alder 79
8.4 Demography 79
8.5 Burial ntual 80
8.5.1 Sampling 80
8.5.2 Grave structures and mode of disposal 80
8.5.3 Relationships between graves 83
8.5.3.1 Single g"aves 83
8.5.3.2 Inhumations cut into cremations 83
8.5.3.3 Paired parallel separate inhumations 83
8.5.3.4 Secondary children's graves 83
8.5.3.5 Paired parallel joined inhumations „..„ 84
9. Features of uncertain date 85
10. Catalogues 89
1 0. 1 Terminology and catalogue conventions 89
1 0.1. 1 Gra^ structures 89
1 0.1. 2 Artefacts 89
10. [.3 lllustraton philosophy 90
1 0. 1 .4 Osteological analyses 90
f 0.2 Grave finds and excavated features from Barshalder 1 826- 1 97 1 indu^ve I 03
10.3 IronAge stray finds from Barshalder 1857-1997 215
[ 0,4 Iron Age grave finds and stray f nds from Burstallar-Sallmunds 1 897-1 997 220
1 0.5 Iron Age finds, excluding precious-metal hoards, fi^om Grotlingbo and Fide parishes
{except Barshalder and Burstallar-Sallmunds) 1838-1997 222
I I . References 236
1 2. Abbreviations and glossary 242
13. indices „ „ 244
13.1 Inventory number to grave number 244
13.2 Index of personal names 248
13.3 Ust of figures 250
I 3.4 Ust of tables 251
Preface
Preface
Tn 1987* during reorganisadon of the stores of the Museum of
Nacional Antiquities in Stockholm, Jan Peder Lamm came
across an unpublished gold bracteate (Axboe er a!. 1 985-1 9S9
#192,3; Bhr 1967:43). When researching its find context for
publication, he realised that he had rediscovered a very larg^
assemblage of unpublished rich Migration and Vendel Period
grave finds from a cemetery on Gotland named Barshalder.
"Leider feklt noch eine eingehende MonograpKie; auch ist
bisher nur ein Bruchreil des ganzen, sehr bedeutenden Fund-
materials verofFentlichrworden'' (Lamm & Axboe 1989:458).
Jan Peder realised that it would take, in his own words, "a
foolish and stubborn person" to take on and complete such a
monograph of the cemetery
In January 1 992, 1 called Jan Peder, whom I did not yet
IcnoWj offered him a manuscript for the journal he edited,
and cold him I wanted to work with Iron Age artefacts for
my undergraduate dissertation. He promptly suggested a
theme and offered to supervise the work. This work appar-
ently proved me to be sufffciencly foolish and stubborn, for
when it approached completion that spring Jan Peder sug-
gested that I write up Barshalder for my doctorate. I began
work on this book on 5 April 1994, and Jan Peder was, of
course, right. Taking on such a task for my doctorate was
indeed foolish, because despite all my stubbornness it has
taken twice the expected length of time to complete even
this volume, comprising little more than catalogues, maps
and a history of activities at the cemetery in recent centuries.
A volume of analyses of the Late Iron Age finds is, mean-
while, approaching completion.
Martin Rundkvist
a rador@al go n et, se
Fisksatra 26 March 2002
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
Funding tor a net total of 1.1 4 million Swedish crowns, in
falling order of magnitude: Faculty of the HumanicieSi Uni-
versity of Srockholmi doctoral student salary 2.5 years;
Gunvor och Josef Aners stiftelse; Berit Wallenbergs stiftelse;
Ake Wibergs stiftelse; Helge Ax:son Johnsons stiftelse: Stare
student subsidies; Wilhelmina von Hallwyhls Gotland sfond;
my grandmother, NellaLeander; DBW:s stifirelse; Crafoordska
stiftelsen; my mother, Asa Leander; my father, Pelle Rtmdkvist;
Magnus Bergvalls stiftelse; Stiftelsen Lars Hierras Minne;
Marten Stenbergers stipend iefond; Wallenbergsstiftelsens
jubileumsfond: Egon Thuns minnesfond; Department of
ArchaeologVT University of Stockholm; BirgerNermans fond;
Rosa och Valter Tengborgs fond: Hierta-Retzius stipendie-
fond; Greta Arwidssons fond.
Office space, computer and communication resources in
the Western Stable 1993-2001: Museum of National Anti-
quities, Stockholm.
CAD equipment: Arkeologikonsult AB.
Museums visited: The Museum of National Antiquities,
Stockholm (SUM). Gotlands Fornsal Count}' Museum, Visby
(GF). University of Uppsala, Museum of Nordic Antiquities
(UMF). The Ashmoiean Museum, Oxford, The Historical
Museum of the Universit}' of Lund (LUHM).
Museum correspondence: The British Museum (BM).
The Gothenburg City Museum. The Kalmar County Mu-
seum, Kalmar (KLM). The National Board of Antiquities,
Fleisinki, The National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen.
Universitetets Oldsaksamling, The University Museum of
Cultural Heritage, Oslo. The Vastmanland County Museum,
Vasteras.
Archives visited: The Antiquarian-Topographical Ar-
chives, Stockholm (ATA). The National Heritage Board, Visby
branch office (RAGU). Gotland County Museum archives,
Gotlands Fornsal, Visby. Gotland County archives, Visby.
Libraries visited: The Library of the Royal Academy of
Letters, History and. Antiquities; StockKolm. The Royal Li-
brary, Stockholm. The Library oftheUniversity of Stockholm.
The Library of the Gotland County Museum, Gotlands
Fornsal, Visby.
Language revision and constructive criticism: Rebecca
Montague, Aidan Allen (chapter 1-5).
Drawings: Steian Kayatj Cecilia Bonnevier, Bengt Handel.
Photographs: Ture Arne, Greta Arwidsson, Erik Bohrn,
Evald Gustafsson, Harald Hansson, Peter Manneke, Marten
Stenberger, Gustaf Trotzig.
Glass vessel determinations: Lars G. Henricson.
Coin determinations: Kenneth Jonsson, Lennart Lind,
Gert Rispling,
Ra.diocarbon analyses: Goran Possnert & Maud Sbder-
man.
Osteology: Asa Larsson, Johannes Lepiksaar, Christian
Lindqvist, Petra Molnar. Hans Sellstedt, Sabine Sten, Susanne
Sven sson .
Animal phalanx determinations: Mattias Niord.
Insect determinations: Hugo Andersson, Johannes
Lepiksaar, Carl H. Li nd roth, Bernt Odarp.
Entomological terms: Nils Ryrholm.
Sundry faunal determinations: Johannes Lepiksaar, H.W^
Walden.
Plant and wood determinations: Wolmar Bondeson,
Hakon Hjelmqvist, EricAberg.
Helpful and supportive colleagues: Barry Ager, Goran
Aldenmo, Kent Anders son, Ing-Marie Back Daniel sson, Anna
Busch, Hampus Cinthio. Asa Edberg, Karin Hager, Lena
Idestrom, Ingmar Jansson, Mattias Johansson, Kenneth
Jonsson, Birgit Korge, Jan Peder Lamm, Ylva Larsson, Hans
Lundenmarki Terese Magnusson, Mats P. Maimer. Gunnar
Nordanskog, Catharina Nilsson, Fredrika Odiund, Linda
Olsson, MajvorOstergren, Zuzana Polaskova, Malin Sahlstedt,
Jdrn Staecker, Bengt Stolt, Goran Tegner, Karl Thorsberg, Lena
Thunmark-Nylen, Gustaf Trotzig, Per Widerstrom-
Family and friends: Mona Alvo, Lena Anderson, YuSie
Rundkvist Chou, Sanna Fogelvik, Forodrim, Stefan Ka.yat,
David Kjellberg, Asa Leander, JonatKan Lindstr5m, Ansa
Messner, Samuel Rundkvist Messner, Pelle Rundkvist, Tor
Sandqvist, SKOM, Kristina Svensson. Rye Widell, Jonas
Wikborg.
The generous and hospitable people of Grotlingbo and
Fidenas: Bengt & Sally Hafdell, Bertil Hansson & cats, Allan
&MargitHagstrom, In grid & Evald Larsson, Lars Lingstrom,
Erland Lofstedt. Per & Monica Ohlsson & family, Tommy
Svensson & Elisabeth Hafdell & family, Johan Wessman &
family.
I. How to Use this Book
I . How to Use this Book
I, I Points of entry
This book is designed as an interface to a large body of ar-
chaeological niacerial and doc umen cation. The concents have
been organised to enable the reader to approach them from
several different directions. The main point of en try Co the text
is the table of contents. The recent history in section 2.2 and
chapter 3 works in tandem with che catalogues in chapcer 10,
each providing a concext for the other. For informacion on the
circumstances of a particular grave find in the catalogue^ first
note the date incorporated into the grave number and the name
of the excavating archaeologisc* then refer to che table of con-
tents CO find che seccion detailing the excavation in quescion.
Chapcers 5-^8 include period -specific indices. To locace a fea-
ture on the map of Barshalder^ reter Co tables 6a, 7a, 8a and 9a
to find the number of che cemecery section. Then search the
appropriate map (figs. 10:1-10:9)- As most excavations have
been concentrated in threatened areas along the edges of gravel
pits and quarries, the graves of a single excavation year are usu-
ally not tar apart.
The index in section 13.1 allows entry via museum in-
ventory number into che catalogues. Finally, the biographi-
cally minded reader will find the index of personal names in
section 13.2 useful.
Excavated features are designaced throughout as "Bhr
I 959:01 " etc. Here^ the abbreviation of the cemetery's name
(Bhr) is followed by the year of excavation (1959)* a colon,
and an individual number (01 ), usually the one given by the
excavating archaeologist. Exceptions from the latter rule have
arisen when conflicting number series have been used in the
same year at different parts of the cemetery, for example in
1961, The advantage of these designations over che "1/59"
numbers favoured by field archaeologiscs on Gotland in re-
cent decades is that they are easily sorCed on a computer.
1.2 Companion literature
Much of this book will be inconiprehensibteco a reader with-
ouc access to a reference library. In particular, che tvpological
works of Birger Nerman, Lena Thunmark-Nylen, Aiiders
Carlsson and Karen Hoilund Nielsen are constantly referred
to by abbreviations. These are explained in chapter 12.
2, Introduction
2. Introduction
2. 1 General
This boolc deals wich rke prehistoric cemecery of Barshaider,
which is located along the main road on the boundary be-
tween Grdtlingbo and Fide parishes, near the southern end
of the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. Gotland is a prov-
ince of Sweden. The cemetery was used from c. AD I -1 1 00,
in other words during the Roman Iron Age (AD 1-400),
Migration Period (AD 375-540), Vendel Period [AD 520-
790) and Viking Period (AD 790-1 150), In the absence of a
Roman invasion, Sweden^s Iron Age is considered to have
continued up to the introduction of Christianity in the 1 1 th
century.
Gotland's rich Iron Age cemeteries have been intensively
excavated for more than a century, but still very few of them
have received monographic treatment. Most of the great cem-
etery at Ire in Hellvi parish has been excavated, but only the
Viking Period section has been presented in print (Stenberger
1962, cf Thunmark-Nylen 1995a)- Lena Thunmark-Nylen
(WKG IV) has recently published a comprehensive catalogue
of Viking Period finds from the island, as yet however with-
out including plans of the cemeteries. As a consequence, schol-
arship has a good general picture of the grave goods of
Gotland's Iron Age cemeteries* but very little specific knowl-
edge of find context, cemetery structure and landscape place-
ment. The publication of the Barshalder corpus is intended
to begin filling this gap and to raise the empirical level of the
field.
2.1.1 Delimiting the subject
At Barshalder we are dealing with an Iron Age cemetery su-
perimposed upon a couple of Stone Age sites. These remains
have been disturbed by subsequent land-use in historical
times. This book includes a description ot the cemetery's
partial destruction and a catalogue of archaeological data
collected during this process.
Neither monument destruction nor data collection ceased
at the end of 1971 at Barshalder. However, for reasons of
time and funding I have had to divide the cemetery corpus
in two. There are several reasons to make the dividing line
one of modern excavation history (see table 3a) and place it
at the end of 197K All graves excavated at Barshalder after
1971 pre-date the Vendel Period; many also pre-date the
Migration Period, and with a single exception (Rundkvist
1997bT ill press b) all were excavated to permit the expansion
of the Uddvide sandstone quarry. The post- 1971 excavations
thus comprise a contiguous area of mainly Late Roman Pe-
riod and Early Migration Period graves in cemetery section
4. By the end of 1971, Barshalder had yielded only a very
few Roman Period finds (see chapter 5)- Finally^ Peter
Manneke's excavation campaign at the quarry 1934-1989 has
yet to be written up (cf. section 3.1.43). Due to the
topochronology at Barshalder, then, the end of 1 971 marks
the threshold between the Early and Late Iron Age at the
site, and excludes most of the investigations in the area of the
Uddvide sandstone quarry.
2. 1 .2 Basic terminology
A number of basic terminological definitions must be made.
For more specialised terms, see the glossary in section 1 2,3.
AN ARTEFACT is a human-made portable object.
A STRUCTURE is a human-made stationary object.
AN ECOFACT is a piece of biological matter without traces
of human modification, but one found in a context indicat-
ing that it has been used by humans. This does not include
human bones.
GRAVE FURNISHINGS are artefacts and portable ecofacts
placed in a grave within the context of a funeral.
A BURIAL DEPOSIT (BD) is a deposit of human bones, of
one or of several individuals, possibly combined with grave
furnishings and/or remains of a cremation pyre. In the case
of inhumation deposits without osteological analyses I have
trusted the excavators' species determination. In the case of
cremation deposits I have assumed all burnt bone deposits to
be at least partly human unless proven otherwise by osteo-
logical analysis.
A GRAVE is a structure including a burial deposit. This
category can also include a structure without any preserved
burial deposit, but of a type that usually includes such re-
mains.
A SUPERSTRUCTURE (Ss) is the part of a grave originally
visible above ground, possibly covering or marking an infra-
structure and/or burial deposit.
AN INFRASTRUCTURE (Is) is the part of a grave originally
hidden below ground, possibly covered or marked by a su-
perstructure and possibly containing a burial deposit.
THE IRON AGE is a period of relative chronology, on
Gotland defined by the deposition of certain artefact types as
set out in AEG, VWG. VZG and WKG.
barshalder's period of use is a period of relative chro-
nology defined by the construction of Iron Age graves at the
site.
Z Introduction
2.1.3 Gender terminology
Throughout this book* 1 have distinguished strictly between
biological sex and social gender roles. The two dimensions of
classification, biological sex and gender, are dependent on
different source material. Gender appears as a symbolic di-
chotomy in the grave furnishings, leaving many poorly fur-
nished or robbed graves gender-neutral. Biological sex is a
characteristic of the living body, in other words the more
decomposed the body, the less certain the sex determination
can be. Most of the preserved and curated human remains
from Barshalder consist of bags of cremated bone fragments,
which can only rarely be sexed. All unqualified references to
women, men, female and male in this book deal only with
gender: the social roles played out in action and symbolism
by living people. Biological sex is referred to by the terms
female-sex and male-sejL
2. } .4 Chronological basics
The chronological ordering of graves as strictly gendered as
these requires two sets of definitions for artefact types and
period assemblages: one for the female graves and one for the
male graves. Most of the female graves can be ordered in a
chronological series spanning the entire Late Iron Age on the
strength of the well -understood main developmental sequence
of brooch types, from the tapered-foot fibula to the pitted-
surface animal-head brooch (AEG, VWG, VZG, WKG,
Anders Carlsson 1983). This exercise reveals a hiatus in the
Late Iron Age Barshalder corpus during the Early and Middle
phases of the Viking Period [Anders Carlsson 1 983 period
A-C). However, the brooch finds that do exist suggest this
gap to be due to the location of the modern gravel pits and
quarries in relation to the cemetery's to po chronology. Quar-
rying, collection of stray finds and rescue excavations have
mainly been directed by the location of useful sub-soil de-
posits. The missing graves of the E^rly and Middle Viking
Period should therefore probably be sought in the largest
untouched part of the cemetery, sections 2-3 (Raii Grotlingbo
54).
The chronological order of the male graves is less readily
apparent as there is no abundant male artefact category with
a clear typological development spanning the entire Late Iron
Age, For the Migration and Vende! Periods the chronology
of a single class ot object, for example brooches, cannot help.
Instead a combination analysis with entire grave inventories
as the anal3tical unit must form the chronological backbone
until the beginning of the penannular brooch sequence in
the Viking Period [Anders Carlsson 1988 period B, WKG).
Fjg, 2:1 The eastern edge of the norlhernmost modern quarry of Uddvids In cemetery secdon 4.ThE section illuitrates the area's stratigraphy:
sandstone. Iimestona, quaternary gravel. a hearth, plough sol I, turf^ whetstones made In the quarry and the bicycles of two archaeologists. Photograph by
EnkBohrn I 936 {ATA neg. 2033:39)
2, Introduction
2. 1 .5 Standards of source criticism
For 5raiidards of source crkrcismfNasmaii's scheme {1972:90-
91) Has been ralcen as a point of departure, Here» the catego-
ries are as follows (cf, tables 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a & 9a).
1. A complete closed find combination. Typically an undis-
turbed and well -documented grave find.
2. A reasonably complete and probably closed find combi-
nation. Typically a disturbedf well-documented grave find
that is not lacking any of the commonly found object
categories of its period and gender.
3. A badly incomplete or uncertain find combination. Typi-
cally either a) a visibly robbed well -documented grave find,
or b) a decontextualised set of single-period and single-
gender artefacts. It is possible, but very uncommon, for a
fmd to be badly incomplete but still certainly closed, as
when two objects have been fused together by corrosion,
4. A probably non-closed find combination. Typically a
decontextualised set of multi-period and/or multi-gen-
der artefacts.
This scheme works with two parameters, completeness and
closedness. A complete find combination retains all the ob-
ject categories that usually survive under the preservation
conditions at hand. For example, an undisturbed Iron Age
grave lacking preserved textiles is considered complete,
whereas one that has been robbed of its bronze metalwork is
not. Completeness is obviously important when the opulence
of a find combination is assessed. It is also important when
dating an individual find combination, because a missing
object may have been the youngest one in the assemblage.
However, completeness is not a central concern when the
aim is to establish a chronological sequence: here closedness
is the important factor,
A closed find combination is one that has not been added
to since its date of deposition (cf Nasman 1972:90-91)- For
example, an undisturbed Viking Period grave containing a
re-used Vendel Period picture-stone is a closed find combi-
nation, whereas a set of mixed-period metalwork bought from
an antiquities dealer is not. A single-period set of metalwork
from an antiquities dealer is also a non-closed or at best un-
certain find combination. The concept of the closed find is
the very foundation of chronological combination studies (cf.
BoGraslund 1987).
Our scheme is not stringently formulated but contains
elements of subjective judgement: "reasonably complete",
''probably primary", "badly incomplete". It does, however,
work as an aid in steering clear of circular reasoning and wish-
ful thinking. The reader is encouraged to check my source
evaluations.
2.2 The site
2.2. 1 The place-name Barshalder
The place-name Barshalder consists of the Gotland ic dialec-
tal roots bard^ "raised edge, ridge" (Olsson 1994:36), and
haUer^ "pasture" (Olsson, personal communication quoted
in Trotiig 1 979:89; for an early attempt at an etymology for
the name see section 3.1.2). This is not a bad name for the
place now known as Barshalder, as it is indeed occupied in
part by a low gravel ridge and the area has been used as wood-
land pasture for centuries. The first documented instance of
the name, however, refers to a small and probably short -hved
farmstead located in Fide parish c. 300 m to the south of the
cemetery's southern end (the mound Raa Fide 38). This settle-
ment is known only from a list of abandoned farmsteads
drawn up in 1 585 (Ersson 1974:37, 19S5). Apparently, much
of the woodland (Gotlandic hajd) along the road at the par-
ish boundary belonged to this farmstead, and has been called
Barshalder or Barshalders hajd (Barshalder's woodland) ever
since. This area encompasses much of our cemetery. Indeed,
it is uncertain why the farm was named Barshalder, as it was
not located on a ridge. Possibly the farm was originally named^
after the cemetery area rather than vice versa.
In 1799, Hilfeling (1994:156-159, 174) recorded the vari-
ant names "^Basaldars utniark" (outland), "Basaldars utmarkeller
hed" (oudand or moor), "Bashallders Hed, eller Allmanning"
(moor or common land), "Bashallders Hed" (moor), and
"Basaldar". The composite term has sometimes been written as
a single word, Barshaldershed. It has often been misunderstood
by non-Godanders such as Hilfeling (1994:174), as ^f^ means
"treeless moor" in standard mainland Swedish. Maps from c.
1 700 onward, however, demonstrate that the area has long been
wooded, in keeping with the Gotlandic term hnjei.
In the 1990s, the area along the road from the parish
boundary to the Grotlingbo parish gravel pit was known as
Barshalder. pronounced "buh-SFlAL-duh" by the locals. Two
small properties to the east of the road in this area go by the
name Barshaldar (!) in the land registry. I have applied the
name Barshalder to the Iron Age cemetery that stretches from
north of the gravel pit (the mound Raa Grotlingbo 42) two
kilometres southward along the road almost to the crossroads
at Fidenas (the mound Raa Fide 38).
2.2.2Topography and geology
The cemetery is located along the main road leading to the
southern end of Gotland. By the cemetery, this road runs
SSW along the top of a ridge to the Burgsviken inlet- The
cemetery is situated at between 5 and c. 16 m a,s.l., with the
greatest level difference to be found in cemetery section 2,
where the cemetery fills the western slope of the ridge from
its top at 16 m a.s.l. almost down to 5 ni a.s.l.
The Swedish coast has been and continues to be subject
to rapid post-glacial shore -displacement. The 15 ni a.s.L line
Z Introduction
corr^5ponds to [he Littorina maximum (c. 5000 cal BC) in
this pare of Gotland [Munche 1910, re-printed in Osterholni
1989 fig- 5)t and the 5 ni a.s.l. line to che shoreline c. AD 1.
Most of the bedrock beneath the cemetery is pare of che
Burgsvik sandstone formation, a deposit that surfaces only
in a small area in southern Gotland. A thin layer of hmestone
covers the sandstone. This, in turn» is covered with post -gla-
cial deposits, mainly gravel and gravelly sand (fig. 2:1). The
sandstone has been quarried since at least the 4th century
AD (Aija 19S0a) but most intensively in the past two centu-
ries {Lundstrom 1954 with refs.). This activity has had un-
Table 2a. Barshalder^s entries in the
National Ancient Monuments Register.
Psh
Rii#
No. of
graves
Cemetery section
12 3 4 5
6 7
Note
Fide
IS
56
X A
Fide
32
K
-
Fide
n
Id
X
Fide
38
X
Fide
39
X
Iran J^e finii spat
Gbo
1
105
1
-
Gba
'^O
A - - - -
-
UncerLain
Gba
41
i - - - -
- -
Gho
^2
X - - - -
- -
Gbo
4d
X
-
GbG
â– 17
X
-
Gbo
&2
12
1
- -
Gbo
53
29
X
-
Gbo
54
1001
X X K - -
-
Gbo
105
X
- -
Gba
m
X
-
GbD
307
X
-
Gbo
43
A - - - -
-
Deil rayed
Gbo
44
A - - - -
-
Deil rayed
Gbo
45
12
X - - - -
-
De&i rayed
Gba
4S
X
-
Deilrayed
Gbo
49
X
- -
Defrayed
Gbo
50
X
-
Deilrayed
Gba
57
A - - - -
-
=GhD Raa 54
Gba
213
1
X - - - -
-
Deil rayed
Fide
37
Medieval!
Fide
47
Mile iLone
Gba
IG9
Gl:icial err:iiic black
Gba
193
MeialiLhic liie & quern none
Gba
201
Quern lEane
Gba
204
a
Siane Age find ^pot
Gba
209
Madern manumenl
Gbo
209
2 sEane spheres
Gba
2IQ
Stane Agf find ^pal
Gba
212
Collectian
Gba
214
Saat & burnt nonei
fortunate consequences for the graves of Barshalder.
The igneous rock used to build many of the grave super-
structures mainly occurs as rounded stones originating from
glacial moraine^ and comprises mainly granite, granitoids and
gneiss (actually a metamorphic rock). These moraine stones
have also been removed from the tilled fields of the area and
used to build drys tone walls between them. Large glacial er-
ratic blocks are uncommon in the cemetery area but occur
frequently on the low-lying land at the innermost shore of
the Burgsviken inlet.
2.2.3 Property names and bound-
aries
The area of the cemetery has been mapped
in its entirety five times: four for the land reg-
istry (Cadastral Map c. 1700, Laga Skifte c.
1890, Economic Map c 19^5 and Revised
Economic Map c, 1975) and once with re-
spect to the Iron Age graves (1976). Both
editions of the Economic Map incorporated
up-to-date results of the ongoing National
Ancient Monuments Survey The present-day
property boundaries were established mainly
through the L^ga Skifte land amalgamation
reform c. 1 390, At this rime^ the greater part
of the cemetery was allocated to the farm
groups Roes, Uddvide* Norrkvie, Kattlunds,
Osterby and Fride. Such a division may strike
one as odd considering that land amalga-
mation was the object of the reform. The rea-
son lay in the poor agricultural quality of the
land. While the rich land in the parish cen-
tres was amalgamated into large properties^
this peripheral woodland was divided among
many farmsteads to ensure that each one had
access to timber^ firewood and sandstone.
The plan in fig. 2:2 shows the property
boundaries and names as shown on the Eco-
nomic Map sheet 5j6a FIDE issued in Janu-
ary 1980. A few properties have changed
hands since that time. Detailed recordings of
area names were made for the Cadastral Map
c. 1700 and the Laga Skifte c. 1890. These
reveal that names have been fluid, which must
be taken into account when considering early
museum acquisitions.
Around 1 700^ the northern third of the
cemetery was encompassed by a wooded pas-
ture named Rorar» "the cairns", belonging
to Roes farm. The legend of this map is ac-
tually the first documented reference to the
cemetery. The southern two-thirds of the
cemetery were on parish common land.
2, Introduction
Fig. 2:2 Excerpt from the Economic Map of I 9S0 sheet SJ6a FIDE with property names and boundaries, Registered Ancient Monuments and cemetery
section divisions. Scale 1:10 000.© Lantmatenverket i Gavie 2002. Permissjon M2002/22I4.
Z Introduction
By the 1890s a number of farms and small dwellings had
been established along [he road and wichin the cemetery itself
The area of the modern gravel pit at the northern end of the
cemetery had been cultivated and was called Rorakern, "the cairn
field". The remainder of the former Rorar was still under pas-
ture and called Basalder, Another Rorakern was to be found in
the area of the farm now known as Uddvide 1:6. Bostallshagen,
''the dwelling site pasture", was situated in the area of the mod-
ern sandstone quarries. Across the parish boundary was
Kaldakern^ "the field of the wellspring"^ and finally another
meagre pasture by the name of Barsalder.
With the exception of the land registry attributions* the Eco-
nomic Maps of the 20th century give only one area nanie for a
part ot the cemetery. Uddvtdehagen, "the enclosed pasture of
Uddvide", corresponds roughly with the Basalder pasture of the
1890s and the southern main part of the Rorar of c 1700,
2.2.4 Cemetery division
To be able to discuss the 2 km long cemetery in a compre-
hensible way* I have divided it into seven sections (figs, 2:2
& 2:3). The boundaries have been drawn mainly according
to the location of gravel pits and quarries. In this way, rescue
excavations and stray finds can often be assigned to a single
cemetery section. The names have been chosen to reflect those
most commonly associated with the archaeological material
in museum collections.
/ Burstdllar-
/^ Sollmunds
Burgsvlken
inlet
+
16^1500
+ 6 332 500
1652 500
Fig. 2:3 Maximum extent of cemetery classified according to most recent burial lndlcatEon,SD m squares. Filled squares still contained visible graves at
the ancient monument survey of 1978, a situation that is largely unchanged at the time of writing. All dates refer to the 20th century except "B2" in
cemetery section 7 where the last grave indication was recorded in 1 882.
2, Introduction
1 Parish grave! pit. This section's northern boundary should
be located closely NNE of the line between the mounds
Raa Grotlingbo 4l and 42, with reservation for possible
sub-soil graves located nearby but even farther to the
NNE. Its southern extent coincides with the boundary
between properties Norrkvie 1:16 and Kattlunds 1:33,
extended ro the east. Size: 270 x 300 m.
2 Rojrhagen. This section's southern extent coincides with
the boundary between properties Suderkvie 5:1 atid
Domerarve 1:42, extended to the west. Size: 180 x 2^0 ni.
3 Roes quarry. This section's southern extent coincides with
the boundary between properties Uddvide 1:1 2 and 1:6,
extended to the east. Size: 230 x 180 m.
4 Uddvide quarry. This sections southern boundary runs
parallel to the parish border, on a tangent with the north-
ern boundary of Registered Ancient Monument area Raa
FidelS. Size: 4B0x 200 m.
5 Kaldakern. The road is the eastern boundary. The western
boundary runs parallel to the western property boundary of
Fride 1:5* hallway to the western property boundary of
Osterby 1:52. The idea here is to delimit the main cemetery
from the satellite cemetery Raa Fide 3 despite fact that the
interveningspace has been cultivated. The southern bound-
ary is the one between the properties Fride 1:5 and Osterby
1:1 5t extended to the west. Size: 360 x 180 m.
6 Gatthagen. The main road forms the western boundary
of this section. Its southern boundary coincides with that
between properties Fride 1 :5 and Osterby 1 : 1 5 1 extended
to the east. Size: 360 x l40 m.
7 Fidenas. This section's southern boundary should be located
closely SSW of the mound Raa Fide 38, with reservation for
possible sub-soil graves located nearby but even farther to
the SSW Size: 440 x120 m.
Each Swedish parish has its own number sequence within the
National Ancient Monuments Register, The Barshalder cemetery
has been divided into many separate pieces by the disturbances of
later centuries, and the remaining areas with visible graves thus
comprise 1 5 separate entries in the register (table 2a),
2.2.5 Original extent of the cemetery
Over the deaides^ archaeologists have repeatedly planned large
tracts of the cemetery (table 2b), with various inaccuracies of
measurement and resultant inconsistencies. For this reason^ no
attempt been made to trace, correlate and present the documen-
tarion relating to the innumerable unexcavated features. Since
these have not been exposed or planned in detail, their measure-
ment data and structural characteristics remain vague. While
detailed data on the excavated features have been included in
the plans and catalogue, the data on unexcavated features have
instead been used as rough indicators of the cemetery's extent.
The cemetery and its surrounding area have been subdi-
vided using a 50 ni grid. Each grid square has been classified
as to whether or not it contains documented grave indica-
tors: visible graves^ excavated ones or stray fmds. The result-
ing plan (fig, 2:2)t a preliminary version of which was pub-
lished in Rundkvist 1993f shows the greatest documented
extent of the Barshalder cemetery and its three independent
satellites. It includes the chronological dimension^ as each
grid square containing a grave indicator has also been classi-
fied by the date ot the latest documented indication. This
gives a rough picture of the cemetery's destruction process —
see table 2b for sources and section 3.1 for a detailed ac-
count.
The repeated mapping also permits us to follow the quar-
ries' growth from the Laga Skifte map c. 1890 onwards. The
most detailed information relates to the parish gravel pit at the
cemetery's northern end, where rescue archaeology has pro-
duced a large number of plans at short intervals (section 3,2. 1 ).
Claesson & Ostman's 1976 plan is the most compre-
hensive to have been made of the cemetery to date. It cov-
ers c. 2200 visible grave superstructures, albeit using a more
liberal definition of the term than that used by the survey-
ors of the National Ancient Monuments Register (cf, table
2a). As at least every second grave in cemeteries of this kind
tends to lack a visible superstructure^ the area with identifi-
able superstructures probably contains at least 4400 buri-
als. All cemetery sections except section 6 have been dis-
turbed to such an extent that sizeable portions have no re-
maining visible graves at all. The precise magnitude of this
destruction is impossible to ascertain, but the removal of
one third of the cemetery's original extent would seem a
very cautious estimate. Therefore^ it is suggested that no
fewer than 6600 burials were originally to be found at
Barshalder* a figure that may have been very much higher.
By dividing this number by the cemetery's eleven -century
period of use, we obtain a rate exceeding 600 burials per
century. Around 430 graves were excavated and documented
at Barshalder during the period 1826-1971 inclusive. This
sample probably represents at the very most 7% of the
cemetery's original number of burials,
2,2.6 Cultural landscape context in the Iron Age
In order to understand the topographic location of the cem-
etery* we must examine it in relation to the remains of other
facets of its contemporary society. Luckily* Gotland is one of
the most intensively studied areas in Sweden with regard to
the cultural landscape of the Iron Age.
The first thing to note about the cemetery's placement is
that it is located along one of Gotland's main roads. The dis-
tribution of Roman Period graves at the cemetery indicates
that this road dates back at least to the second century AD.
Furthermore* with the shoreline at the present 5 ni a.s.l. line*
the cremation pyres and grave superstructures would have
been visible from the sea. The graves were clearly placed to
be seen by travellers.
2. Introduction
2.2.6.1 Settlement and ^rmbnd
The cemetery Forms a landscape of the dead. The landscape
of the hving is formed mainly^ hy settlement sites and cnhi-
vated fields, which can be traced quite confidently through-
out Barshalder's period of use by way of a number of catego-
ries of archaeological source mareriaL
The earhesr excavated graves and stray finds from Bars-
halderdate toEggersBl, c AD 1-70. Despite intensive grave
robbingf the spoils of which have largely ended up in mu-
seum collections, no finds of the preceding period are known
from the cemetery. This suggests that it was very likely estab-
lished towards the end of an era known to human geography
as the "period of extensive land-use", "the time of the great
field systems" or simply "the Vinarve period", probably be-
ginning some time in the Late Bronze Age, The most impor-
tant source category in tracing the settlement sites of this
period are the great tub-like quern stones, while the culti-
vated land is visible under favourable conditions as great or-
thogonal systems of sunken fields (Dan Carlsson 1979:53-
59)- Both source categories cluster at Bolske in central
Grotlingbo, 1.5 km SSE of the church and 2 km NE of the
Barshalder cemetery, and are unknown in Fide parish {Dan
Carlsson 1979-56, fig. 31)- There are, however, two recorded
quern stones (Raii Grotlingbo 193 & 201) and a few
rumoured specimens from Barshalder cemetery sections 1 -3.
In l979KarinAija (ATA 2853/2001) excavated the remains
of a house beneath grave 2328 in cemetery section 4. The
grave dated from E^ers C3 (c. AD 300-375)i and the house
foundation yielded flint debitage, indicating a pre-Iron Age
date. The quern stones cannot be dated precisely, but they
show that the Barshalder area with its poor sandy soils was
settled and cultivated during the period of extensive agricul-
ture.
If there was a period of contemporary settlement and
burial at Barshalder, it cannot, however, have lasted longer
than c. 150 years. At the time of the transition to the Late
Roman Iron Age in the AD 150s, Iron Age Gotland began
its conversion from extensive manure-less agriculture with
long fallow periods to the strictly regulated landscape of the
Stone Wall period, where infields were enclosed and arable
land manured (Dan Carlsson 1979:154), The most impor-
tant source categories for this period, which lasted through
the Late Roman Iron Age and Migration Period unril the
early 6th century AD, are the eponymous stone field walls
and house foundations that are largely visible above ground
to this day. Whether for reasons of soil quality, dehberate
separation of the cemetery from the land of the living, or
both. Stone Wall settlement avoided Barshalder (Ene et al.
1991:21, fig. 4.6). The nearest known Stone Wall house foun-
dation is the peripheral farmstead Raa Fide 5i located 1.3 km
east of the cemetery's southern end. The nearest large-scale
settlement, however, is located in central Grotlingbo, to the
south of the church. From the Migration Period onward.
burial at Barshalder concentrated in the northern half of the
cemetery that was located closest to central Grotlingbo. This
pattern of a densely settled area in central Grotlingbo parish,
an uninhabited area around the cemetery, and, with time,
yet another heavily settled area in central Fide parish, is
recognisable to this day.
The cultural landscape of the Vendel Period is problem-
atic as sources are lacking. Metal detector surveys and lim-
ited excavations (Ostergren 1989) indicate that the Stone Wall
landscape was succeeded by one where land partitions and
buildings were all built of wood for more than a millennium.
These wooden -building farmsteads seem to have moved with
about two-century intervals to different locations in their in-
fields, which kept the same approximate extent until well
into historic times. Vendel Period settlement has been de-
tected almost exclusively during work directed at areas with
known Viking Period settlement. There is, thus, no direct
evidence as to whether the Vendel Period settlement pattern
differed signiflcantly from that of the preceding and succeed-
ing periods. However, there is nothing to indicate a popula-
tion expansion during the Vendel Period, quite the contrary.
This, in combination with the fact that Vendel Period farm-
steads are known from areas of Viking Period settlement, sug-
gests that the settlement pattern may have been much the
same in both periods.
With the Viking Period we return to safer ground in this
matter. The large-scale settlement pattern of this period is
well known thanks to the proliferation of silver hoards (SGW,
Ostergren 1 989) and the realisation that these were (at least
in the 1 1 th century) mostly deposited inside dwellings
(Ostergren 1989:62-65). The hoards are distinctly concentra-
ted to the central part of Grotlingbo parish around the church,
with a few solitary finds in central Fide parish (Ostergren
1989-66 fig. 56). There is no indication of any Viking Period
settlement at Barshalder. The Viking Period did, however,
produce three satellite cemeteries to the W and SW of the
Barshalder cemetery,
2.2.6.2 Satellite cemeteries
The low -lying area between the Barshalder cemetery and the
Burgsviken inlet features three small satellite cemeteries (fig.
2:3) that are not counted as part of the Barshalder cemetery
in this work. Both Burstallar-Sallmunds (Raa Grotlingbo 2,
catalogue section 10.4, WKG IV:279-232) and the Fidenas
Railway Station site (Raa Fide 30, catalogue section 10. 5i
WKG IV:179-180) were almost entirely destroyed around
1900, Grindvaktstugan {Raa Fide 3, catalogue section 10.5)
has been partly cultivated, and I excavated one of its remain-
ing graves in l997(Rundkvist 1997b, 1998).
All three cemeteries have yielded unburnt finds spanning
the entire Viking Period up until c. AD 1 100, in the case of
the two destroyed cemeteries great numbers of them. The
comb fragments from Grindvaktstugan 1997:02 may actu-
2. Introduction
ally date to che Early Viking Period just as easily as to the
Late Vendel Period as stared in Rundkvist 1993. Only two
earlier objects have come to light. The inexpertly excavated
finds from Burstallar'Sallmunds include two Vendel Period
objects: an Early Vendel Period strap crossing mount (SHM
1 1982) and a Late Vendel Period utensil brooch [private col-
lection: Hansson). These object types are typically found in
rich graves and appear to be out of context here. They were
perhaps buried as heirlooms during the Viking Period or^ more
likely* were collected during gravel extraction at nearby
Barshalder and became incorporated with the Sallmunds
fimds. All three cemeteries were most probably established at
the beginning of the Viking Period,
I have previously su^ested (Rundkvist 199S) that these
cemeteries may have belonged to new farmsteads established
on virgin land in Fide and Nas parishes that had risen out of
the sea. Christoph Kilger (personal communication* May
1997) has kindly pointed out that two rare Byzantine gold
coins (struck for Romanos III Argyros in the AD 1 030s) found
in Fide parish suggest considerable wealth and influence. The
separate cemeteries would indicate an ideological opposition
between the colonists and the establishment of Grotlingbo,
the latter burying their dead at Barshalder. There may be
some truth to this argument* particularly regarding the ceme-
tery at Burstallar-Sallmunds near the border with Nas par-
ish. As for the two other cemeteries, I believe Dan Carlsson's
su^estion of a harbour site by the Burgsviken inlet to hold
interpretational precedence, as his hypothesis (detailed be-
low} is based on phenomena that occur repeatedly all over
Gotland rather than on the local topography.
2.2,6.3 Possible harbour sites
The coast of Gotland is dotted with harbour sites dating from
the late 1st millennium AD (Dan Carlsson 1998:10). Dan
Carlsson's plan features a large dot by the Burgsviken inlet at
Barshalder. This is not due to the location of any known harbour
remains* but to the presence of small Viking Period cemeteries
close to the shore at this deep inlet far from any known con-
temporary settlement (personal communication* Dan Carls-
son). The situation at Burgsviken is remarkably similar to that
at Snackgardsbaden and Gustavsvik in Visby parish (Dan
Carlsson 199S:46* 23}* and Norra Gnisvard in Tofta parish
(Dan Carlsson 1 99S:30). At these sites, we find paired or tripled
cemeteries flanking high -phosphate settlement deposits on the
shore of a cove or lagoon. From one end to the other these
complexes are 200-600 m long, with the settlement located
next to the left-hand cemetery when facing the sea. The dis-
tance from the original northern end of the Grindvaktstugan
cemetery to the original southern end of the Fidenas Railway
Station cemetery is c, 650 m. If the pattern of the left-hand
cemetery were true here* then the settlement would have been
located on the site of Henry Wessman's carpentry factory
(Jakobsson 19S2), a heavily developed area that has been un-
available for archaeological survey w^ork since the firm was es-
tablished in 1938.
In 1995-1997 I performed limited survey work in the
area between Barshalder and the Burgsviken inlet employing
a metal detector* test pits and documenting the local private
collections (Rundkvist 1 996c), I found no certain indications
of a harbour site. I was* however* kindly given access to the
Hafdell collection of antiquities recovered from the area in
question (catalogue section 10.5}. This collection includes a
quarter of a Samanid silver coin struck in AD 900. There is
not the slightest rumour of any coin hoard having been found
in the area, which suggests the fragment probably to have
been a single find. Arabic coin fragments are commonly found
in the settlement deposits of harbour sites (e.g. Lundstrom
1981:104-108, Dan Carlsson 1998:31).
The most convenient location for a harbour in Viking
Period Grotlingbo would have been on the Garnsviken inlet
on the eastern coast of Gotland, immediately adjacent to the
great settlement concentration of the period. Indeed* the
place-name tlemeni garn, although obscure in meaning* ap-
pears in connection with several harbour sites elsewhere on
Gotland (Olsson 1994:60-62), There are* however, no known
harbour indications at Garnsviken beyond its place-name*
the antiquity of which is furthermore uncertain.
2,2.6,4 Other Iron Age cemeteries in Grotlingbo and
Fide parishes
Fewer than 50 Iron Age graves can be seen in Grotlingbo and
Fide parishes beyond the c, 2200 visible graves remaining at
Barshalder and its three satellite cemeteries. This illustrates
the fact that Barshalder was used largely as a central cemetery
for the two parishes c, AD 1-1 100. Museum collections, how-
ever, bear witness to a number of other Iron Age cemeteries
no longer visible above ground. These indications are re-
counted here in chronological order.
To begin with* Barshalder must have had predecessors in
Grotlingbo parish. There are indeed three decontextualised
burnt dress accessories of tst century BC date from Grotlingbo
(SHM 9836, 10736:1)* but no finds that can be tied to any
specific site.
670 m south of the southern end of the Barshalder ceme-
tery is find spot Raa Fide 40* where a set of jewellery (SHM
21 201) of the Early Roman Iron Age and possibly the pre-
ceding period has been found beneath a boulder. This find
may signify a cemetery, but could also be a votive deposit.
A set of burnt Migration Period artefacts (GF C3921-
3922) has ostensibly been found on land belonging to Bals-
hage farmstead at the Garnsviken inlet in eastern Grotlingbo.
This find may either signify an otherwise unknown cemetery
or represent a garbled recording of the name Barshalder.
Roadworks at Bandsakersbacken (Raa Fide 50) 1 250 m
south of Barshalder have revealed grave fmds (SHM 21 201)
of Late Vendel and Late Viking Period date. The incongru-
17
2. Introduction
Table 2b.
Original maps and plans of Barshalder.
Cemetery section Reference
12 3-1567
Cadastral map x i x x i x x County survey offices, Vi^by
Gujtafson - - x - - - - fl[A, Gusiafson'^ field book p. 11
Gustahon x ATA, GusLafson's field book p. OG
Laga Skihe x i x x i x x County survey offFcei, Vrsby: Gbo 91 S Fide S5
Harald Han^son, Roes quarry - - x - - - - ATA 1543/1919
Arne, Roe^ quarry - - x - - - - flffl no number
Harald Hansson, H^n JJddyide quarry . - . x - - - ATA 035G/I920
Harald Hanison, Roes quarry - - x - - - - ATA035G/I930
harald Hansson, Osterby x ATA II3G/I92I
Harald Hansson, gravel pit x ^ ATA 4043/1927
Harald Hansson, gravel pit x ATA 4043/1927
Harald Hansson, Uddvide quarry ... x - - - ATA 4043/1927
Harald Hansson, gravel pit x - - - - - - ATA 5299/1929
Harald Hansson, gravel pit x ----- - ATA 4005/1930
Harald Hansson. gravel pit x i ATA 4005/1930
Nihlen, gravel pii x i ATA290G/I93I
Stenberger, gravel pit x ATA 4200/1934
S ten b erg er, gravel pit x ------ ATA 4660/1935
Sienberger, gravel pit x ATA 3719/1936
ken b erg er, gravel pit x i ATA 3730/1937
B&hrn, Uddvide quar^ - - - x - - - ATA 1824/1930
Sienberger, gravel pit x ATA 2105/1930
Arbman, Kaldaker ..__,.. ATA 3035/1939
Arwidsion, Rojrh^e - x ATA 0746/1940
Economic Hap I x j x x i x x Sheet Grotlingbo
Arwidsson^ gravel pit x ------ ATA 1230/1954
Arwidsson^ gravel pit x ATA, Arvndss&n's field book
Arwidsion, Rojrhage - x ATA 6616/1955
Arwidsson. Ro|rh^e - x ATA66IG/I955
Arwidsson, Kaldaker . _ _ _ x - - ATA 2855/1956
Arwidsson, gravel pit x ATA 5G96/I999
Arwidsion, gravel pit x i ----- ATA 2871/2001
Hager, gravel pit x ATA 1599/1963
Hanneke, Rojrhage 1:1 - x ATA 2863/2001
Hanneke. Bojrhage 1:1 - x ATA 2863/2001
Trotzig. gravel pit x ----- - ATA 5131/1963
Tronig, gravel pit x ATA 2719/1965
Troizig, gravel pit x ATA 2790/1965
Property parcelling at Guiibacken - - x - - - - County survey offices, Visby: Gbo 225
Trotzig. gravel pit x ATA 2454/1966
Tronig, gravel pit x ATA 3341/2001
Troizig, Ro|rh^e 1:1 - i ATA 0736/1995
Aldenmo, gravel pjt x ATA 4796/1990
Par Hansson x ..... . ATA 4469/1990
Claesson £ Dstnian x i x x i x x ATA 1395/1990
Economic Hap 2 x i x x i x x Sheet 5J6a FIDE
Total 29 16 10 7 5 6
Date Scale
703
1:8000
c l:IOO(
c 1:120
093
919
920
920
920
921
927
927
927
920
930
930
931
934
935
936
937
930
930
939
947
949
950
950 N/A
951
952
954
957
957
960
961
961
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
97i
971
976
100
1000
400
1000
1000
1000
1000
2. Introduction
ous combination of dac^s may be due to the limited scale of
the excavations. Thus, we are probabi)' dealing with a small
cemetery used from no later than the Late Vendel Period until
the end of the Viking Period,
A burnt animal-head brooch (SHM 15608) found at the
site of a removed stone setting in Storangen meadow at Katt-
lunds farmstead may indicate an Early Viking Period ceme-
tery not far north of Barshalder,
There appears to be at least one cemetery (Raa Grotlingbo
230) at Sigsarve* to the east of Grotlingbo church. The finds
(SHM 7278* 13551) bearwitness to cremations and inhumations
of Middle and Late Viking Period date.
Two Middle Viking Period graves have been inexpertly
excavated on cultivated land at Lilla Vastergarda in southern
Fide parish (SHM 13203).
Finally, there are a few further finds vaguely indicative of
unknown cemeteries in Grotlingbo: a Middle Viking Period
animal-head brooch from "a quarry near Sles" (GF C433I)
and an alleged Vendel Period "grave find" assemblage from
Soderkvie (KLM 1059)-
The sum of these observations indicates there to have been
quite a number of small additional cemeteries in the vicinity
of Barshalder during the Late Iron Age, with a clear tendency
to proliferation in the Viking Period, A source-critical per-
spective must take into account the very favourable condi-
tions of preservation for grave superstructures at Barshalder.
This is due to the fact that most of the cemetery has never
been cultivated. Furthermore, the number of excavated graves
is very high due to grave! pitting and quarrying activity. These
factors partly account for the cemetery's high archaeological
profile. Nonetheless* it should be stressed that for more than
a millennium most of the inhabitants of Grotlingbo and Fide
were buried on the outland of BarsKalder.
19
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
3. Recent history of the cemetery
AD 1700-2000
3. 1 Chronicle of observations and
investigations
3.1.1 The cadastral maps: Burmelster
c. l700&SchJlder 1703
The earliesi: maps covering Barshalder in any detail are the
cadastral maps of Grotlingbo parish (Johan Burmeiscer c.
1700) and Fide parish {Matthias Schilder 1703), both on a
scale of 1 :8000. The earliest written reference to the ceme-
tery is found in the legend to Burnieister's map. Here, the
northern third of the cemetery is encompassed by a wooded
pasture named Rorar* "the cairns", belonging to Roes farm.
This property was "Covered with small pines and junipers
for scant fuel. Meagre pasture," The southern two thirds were
on parish common land, which was interspersed with a few
small and very poor outfields, e.g. "Allfwe raker* of coarse red
sandy gravel* useless". These fields do not appear to have en-
croached upon the cemetery, which is not surprising given
the work involved in clearing a Gotlandic Iron Age cemetery
for cultivation.
3.1.2 Linnaeus and Wallin in the 1740s
In 1741 Carolus Linna;us (1707-1778), the great botanist,
passed by the cemetery on his Gotlandic expedition and noted
that "several small ... burial places were seen in the area'' (my
translations throughout, Linne 1 977:230)). He made special
mention of the GuUbacken barrow, calling it a "dug-up
mound" (Linne 1977:232). These are brief statements made
in passing, but they tell us that GuUbacken had already been
robbed (and fairly recently too, given the digging marks still
apparent). Also, the name of the barrow and probably its
related folklore (section 3.1.5) are shown to have been in
existence by this time.
In the 1740s Bishop Joran Wallin of Visby (1686-1 760)
compiled a manuscript collection of historical* folkloristic
and antiquarian matrer, the Analecta Gothlandensia (kept in
the Royal Library* Stockholm, with a microfilm copy in the
Gotland County Archives* Visby). The Analecta (vol. I* p.
697; quoted in Siltberg 2002) contain rhe following infor-
marion on Barshalder: "In Grottlingbo is an interesting hill
where a battle has taken place* and which is thus called Bas-
halder. The Rev. Stenman [parson of Grotlingbo and Fide]
said that traces of the graves of the fallen can be seen there,
and that old rifles have been found there. At the same occa-
sion he showed me a piece of an old-fashioned, strange and
broken rapier." Here a false etymology (from the verb basa.
"to beat") has been constructed to link the name of the place
with the idea that it had been the site of a battle.
3.1.3 Hilfeline 1799
The next author to write about a visit to the cemetery was
Carl GustafGottfriedHilfeling (1740-1823), on 6 July 1799.
Hilfehng was on the second of his four antiquarian expedi-
tions under the patronage of Pehr Tham, master of Dagsnas
in Vastergodand (Hdfeling 1994:1 59 & taf l4, excerpts filed
topographically ar ATA). He drew a sketch map showing
prominent ancient monuments in the area: the Bronze Age
ship setting (Raa Grotlingbo 4), the Kattlunds Rojr Bronze
Age burial cairn (Raa Grotlingbo 3), and the "Guld Backen"
barrow {part of Raa Grotlingbo 53). Schematically drawn
smaller mounds cluster along the road at GuUbacken, and a
line of similar monuments is also shown on the eastern side
of the road where none is preserved today. Several of the
smaller mounds are shown with central pits (probably signs
of grave robbing), and a large, rectangular stone cist or po-
tato cellar is shown in the middle of GuUbacken.
Hilfeling's interpretation (1994:179) of Barshalder and
other large pagan cemeteries was typical for its day: "These
places . . . once probably saw battles with enemies who had
landed in the bay* and who originated the monuments",
3.1.4 Ekdahl 1826
The first documented excavations at Barshalder were per-
formed in the summer of 18 26 by the clergyman Nils Ekdahl
(1799^1870). Ekdahl was on an antiquarian tour of Gotland,
copying inscriptions* opening graves and collecting antiqui-
ties. During the expedition he wrote a letter (dated 30 July
1826) to KVHAA* offering some of his Gotlandic antiqui-
ties and casually mentioning his excavations. In response*
KVHAA's representative pointed out that his digging was il-
legal. A contact had nonetheless been established: in early
1827 Ekdahl was given a cash bonus for his work and sub-
mitted a detailed report of his Gotlandic travels plus the finds
he had secured (Svenskt hiografiskt lexikon 12:585, letters at
ATA letter series 1).
3 J .4. 1 The documentation
Ta'o accounts of Ekdahl's travels on Gotland survive, both at
ATA. These take the form of folio manuscripts in Ekdahl's
extremely crabbed hand* interspersed with line drawings and
copies of inscriptions. One is headed "Summary of the diary
of my sojourn on Gotland 1826 ' (A), the other "Notes upon
20
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
the ancienc curiosities I have encountered on my Gotlandic
expedition ' (B), Both appear to be based upon Ekdahl's di-
ary. A is the shorter text, containing cursory enumerations of
copied inscriptions and excavated graves. It is dated 4 May
1827. B is far more detailed. Divided into thematic sections,
it describes the excavated graves one by one. This appears to
be Ekdahls final report. Excerpts from B have been copied
reasonably accurately into a more legible form and sorted
into the topographical files at ATA,
Pages 1 1 -1 2 ofA and 47-54 ofB describe Ekdahl's work at
Barshalder. The standard of documentation is inevitably low,
although on a level with that of Ekdahls contemporaries. One
must first note that the two reports do not accord in terms of
the number of excavated graves: A states that 15 were exca-
vated; B describes eleven and adds that a total of five empty
graves were also excavated, bringing the total to 1 6.
Most of the graves listed in A can be identified with graves
described in B, leaving five cremation graves unaccounted
for. The only grave in B without a corresponding entrj' in A
is number 12, GuUbacken (fig. 3:1 ), the largest barrow of the
cemetery. Incidentally, this is the only one of Ekdahls graves
that can be identified at the site today. GuUbacken had al-
ready been robbed before 1326, but Ekdahl states that he
dug into it anyway because of its related folklore. This could
explain the discrepancy between the number of graves in A
and B: Ekdahl may have treated GuUbacken separately* leav-
ing it out of the summary in A This assumption leads to 16
being the correct number and gives the following list.
Fig. 1:1 Gullbacken (Bhr 1826:1 2), the great barrow Ir cemetery section 3, seen from the S by a photographer
standing at the edge of the main road. Four lid slabs of potato celfarsare visible on top of the barrow. Photograph
b/TureArne 1920 (ATA neg. 462:29).
Ten graves described briefly in A and more fully in B (Bhr
1326:01-04&06-11),
One grave (GuUbacken) described only in B (Bhr 1826:1 2).
Ta'o cremation graves with urns described briefly in A and
mentioned as empty in B.
Three empty cremation graves described briefly in A and men-
tioned in B (including Bhr 1826:05).
We can work with the eleven described graves, having to con-
tent ourselves with the fact that Ekdahl did not see fit to
describe five of the excavated graves* apparently because they
had either been robbed or otherwise lacked features distinc-
tive to him,
Ekdahl makes no mention of the composition of the su-
perstructures: he simply calls them all "mounds" and notes
any clearly visible stone circles. However, his sketches of Bhr
1826:01* 04 & 06 are informative. In most other cases it is
impossible to judge with what kind of superstructures Ekdahl s
graves were furnished. The noncommittal "superstructure"
is used in the list* except in the case of GuUbacken which is
clearly a barrow (Sw. storhogj.
3, 1 .4.2 The excavations
"Although 1 have twice performed investigations at Barshalder,
for the sake of order I discuss all in one place.
After finishing work in the great Kattlunds cairn [a Bronze
Age burial cairn, Raa Grotlingbo 3] I went westward to a ceme-
tery called Bashalder. This place is 1/4 mil [1/4 pre-metric
Swedish mile equals 2,7 km]
long and west of the road
mound by mound, so that
sometimes the stone circles
reach each other* sometimes
one cairn lies upon the other.
East of the road the monu-
ments are more scarce. But
what will provoke the greatest
surprise of all, is that of the
1 000 mounds which are here
scarcely ten are untouched by
treasure diners, I opened three
smaU mounds which I thought
to be the least damaged [Bhr
1326:01* 02, 03]." (Excerpt
from B.) [One of the contem-
porary looters was apparently
an engineer named Wickman
who had found a sword at the
cemetery.]
"[The excavated mounds]
were large and small, none
however over 1 2 ainar [7, 1 m]
in diameter by 2alnar [1 .2 m]
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
measured vertically, and none under 4 alnar [2,4 m] in diame-
ter by 0.5 alnar [0.3 m] measured vertically. Some lacked all
external decoration, others had stone rings between 13 and
45 alnar [10.7-26.7 m] in diameter, some double." (Excerpt
from A,)
Several of Ekdahl s graves were of the "fried egg" type: a
small mound or cairn, sometimes with a kerb, surrounded
by a free stone circle of much greater diameter. The dimen-
sions quoted above from A correlate well with the measure-
ments given in B, except for the greater height of Gullbacken.
This fact strengthens the assumption that Gullbacken is not
listed in A.
"The outermost stone circle is almost always made of
shingles small enough to be used as throwing stones^ and the
size of a fist. The rocks of the inner circle are as large as a man
can carry." (Excerpt from B,}
Ekdahl excavated only graves visible above ground and
does not seem to have removed any turf outside the perime-
ter of individual graves.
3. 1 .4.3 Location of the graves
Pinpointing the location of individual graves was not one of
Ekdahl's documentational priorities. He makes only one ex-
plicit positional statement: Bhr 1826:04 was located "down
among the stone masses which are clustered together as grave
markers". This suggests the large^ g^i^^'x westward- sloping
area in cemetery sections 2-3, notable for its profusion of
burial cairns. This is part of the area called Rorar ("the cairns")
on the cadastral map, which is today Registered Ancient
Monument area Raa Grotlingbo 54. This is the only unam-
biguous indication as to the northern limit of Ekdahl's ac-
tivities at Barshalder.
Whether or not Ekdahl also worked to the east of the
road is uncertain — all he says on the subject is that graves
were scarce there, although very probably not as scarce then
as they are today.
Half of Bhr 1 826:07 had been removed "for road repairs"
and Bhr 1326:11 had been damaged by gravel extraction,
which suggests that both were situated fairly near the road. A
likely location for these graves would be on the gravel depos-
its in cemetery section 1, were it not for the fact that Bhr
1826:1 1 possessed a free stone circle. Such a feature su^ests
a Late Roman Iron Age or Early Migration Period date, a
period underrepresented at the gravel pits.
Gullbacken, Bhr 1826:12 (fig. 3:1), is as previously stated
the only one of Ekdahl's graves that can be identified today.
Although little remains of its original structure after looting
and potato cellar construction, it is still the only large barrow
in the cemetery, plainly visible from the road. Gullbacken is
located in Registered Ancient Monument area Raa Grotlingbo
53, immediately south of Raa Grotlingbo 54.
Five of the excavated graves were furnished with free stone
circles. These are typical of the Late Roman Iron Age and
Early Migration Period grave superstructures documented at
Uddvide sandstone quarry in cemetery section 4 in the 1970s
and 80s, The area must have been heavily grazed at the time
of Ekdahl's fieldwork for the diminutive stone circles to be
visible. The length of the cemetery given by Ekdahl, 2,7 km,
indicates that he wandered along it in its entirety. His exca-
vations may thus have touched upon all seven sections of the
cemetery.
3.1 .4.4 The finds
The story of the 1 826 finds is a sad one. None of the graves
was apparently particularly richly furnished in the first place,
and we can be certain that Ekdahl's methods prevented him
from finding all the artefacts present. We also know that he
failed to retain all he found. Furthermore, not all his surviv-
ing finds reached SHM; and finally not a single artefact from
the excavations at Barshalder 1 826 could be identified at SHM
in late 1994. A total of 29 g of unburnt bone and teeth, do,
however, survive in the stores: "These jaws were found at
Barshalder in a grave mound. The skull vault was rather large
in comparison to the other bones."
Ekdahl's finds from the Gotlandic expedition submitted
to SHM were allocated inventory number SHM 484 and
entered into the ledger. However, they lack detailed descrip-
tions and drawings. Appended to Ekdahl's manuscript is a
finds list with its own slightly peculiar numbering scheme:
the finds are referred to using the page number in B where
they are mentioned. These numbers do not relate to the SHM
484 sub-numbers in the inventory.
3. 1 .4.5 EkdahTs conclusions
Ekdahl ends the Barshalder B report with two admirably well
argued conclusions that question established views of his time.
"1. That the so-called cremation age and the mound age
[suggested by Snorri Sturluson in the Prose Edda, the first
Swedish translation of which was published in Stockholm in
1811] overlapped at least partly, since one finds mounds both
with burnt and unburnt bodies, of like exterior shape and
partly with identical things inside.
2. That this place which 1 have described is not an actual
battleground, partly because those fallen in war would more
commonly have brought swords, ... partly because it would
have been impossible, at a place so lacking in grey rock [i.e.
igneous rock] and shingle as this, to obtain over a million
cartloads thereof on a single occasion for the monuments
found there. And partly because the ornaments which could,
not have belonged to other than the female gender, and the
knives which 1 am inclined to regard as symbols of domestic
handicraft, and above all the child's skeleton found, also in-
dicate that this place is not so much a resting place for the
heroic deed, as for such people who lived their lives with
more peace and quiet in unnoticed activity, and were buried
at the side of friends and relatives."
22
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
3.1.5 Save*s folklore
Per Arvid Save (1811-87), a Visby school teacher, dialec-
rologisr, folklorist and the founder of Gotlands Fornsal (The
Count)' Museum of Gotland}, collected most of his folklore
in the period 1840^1370 (Per Arvid Save 1959, Palmenfelr
1994). A number of the stories he recorded are set at
Fig.lilTheQiiarrel Stones {Rm Grotllngbo 44 & 43, Bhr I 952:04 a 1 9S2;03) in cemetery
section I , seen from the SE by a photographer standing with his back to O.V Ohlsson's
farmstead. The entire area is now part of the gravel pit. Photograph by Evald Gustafsson
l9S2{ATAneg.A2SI;2!a).
Barshalder. Tkey are, however* stereocypical yarns also attrib-
uted to other ancient monuments throughout Scandinavia.
3. 1. 5. 1 Gullbacken
Save gives several variants of two common treasure-hunting
stories* here linked to Gullbacken (fig. 3:1)* the barrow at
Roes quarry in cemetery section 3. The barrow's name, "The
Gold Barrow ", probably shares a common origin with these
stories. Taken together, the variants can be summarised as
follows:
A farmer from Kattlunds in Grotlingbo takes a golden
goblet by deception from the trolls inhabiting Gullbacken.
Escaping on horseback, he loses the pursuing trolls by cross-
ing a ploughed field. He then donates the goblet to the church
(Per Arvid Save 1959 #H 6, 117*555, 564). This story was
also told with reference to the great Bronze Age cairn of
Kattlunds Rojr in south-eastern Grotlingbo (Raa Grotlingbo
3* Per Arvid Save 1959 #555).
Two farmers* from Kattlunds in Grotlingbo and Sigsarve
in Nas, try to pull a golden chariot hidden in Gullbacken out
of the barrow using oxen that have drtmk nothing but milk.
However* the Kattlunds ox turns out to have had a sip of
water* and its knees buckle under the strain. The
Sigsarve farmer takes all the loot. (Per Arvid Save
1959 #429. (116)).
Two fiirther stories (Per Arvid Save 1 959 #1 1 6
& 564) surest that AngantjT* the name of a num-
ber of Norse saga h e roes, was hnked not only with
the great Bronze Age cairn of Angantyrs Rojr in
eastern Grotlingbo (Raa Grotlingbo l4)* but also
w^ith Gullbacken. One source, however, stated that
the Angantj'r tradition had no base in authentic
folklore,
3- 1 .5.2 Tratustajnarna
The two standing stones in cemetery section 1
(Bhr 1952:03 & 04* fig. 3:2* excavated and re-
moved by Greta Arwidsson in 1952) were called
Tratusiajnarna* "The Quarrel Stones'. The fol-
lowing common story was linked to them:
Two old women are quarrelling one Easter
morning. A monk asks them to respect the peace
of Easter and be quiet. When the women per-
sist with their quarrelling he ttirns them to stone
(Per Arvid Savel959 #517),
3J.5.3 Barshaldersbacke
As documented by Wallin* Hilfelingand Ekdahl
(cfi Bhr 1826:05), stories were also told relat-
ing to the cemetery in general:
A farmer from northern Gotland travels past
Barshalders-backe one night and sees a treasure
fire (in other words the stipernatural glow of a
buried treasure). Closer investigation reveals an oak chest*
into which the man tosses his knife. This breaks the spell,
allowing the happy farmer to load the treasure onto his wagon
and drive it home. According to another source* a battle be-
tween Gotlanders and Danes is supposed to have taken place
at the site {Per Arvid Save 1959 #475).
3. 1 .6 Farmsteads at the cemetery
According to the cadastral map* the Barshalder area was de-
void of settlement around 1 700. However* this tells us for cer-
tain only that there were no landed farmsteads in the area. The
poor very likely already lived on common land by this date* as
they did at the rime of the Laga Skifte land amalgamation re-
form c. 1890. The Laga Skifte map shows the line of small
houses still present along the eastern side of the road, where
the quarrymen and other labourers lived. This settlement does
23
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
not appear to have disturbed the cemetery significantly, al-
though it probably obliterated the line of graves that Hilfehng
recorded on the eastern side of the road in cemetery section 2.
During the period 1800-1925 five farmsteads were es-
tablished well within the boundaries of the cemetery. All but
one survive today. Two were founded in cemetery section 1 :
Roesfarmstead#7(Hallgrenetal. 1983:185-186, Roes 1:31),
established c, 1850 by O.Y Ohlssons (see section 3.1.15)
maternal grandfather; and a farmstead of Roes mapped at
the time of the Laga Skifte and subsequently apparently aban-
doned (Hallgren et al. 1983:229)^ The final owner of this
farmstead was the labourer Zacharias Norrby {1816-?, Hall-
gren et al. 1983:134) who sold a brooch from the cemetery
in 1876 (SHM 7871:134). Norrby was old or even deceased
at the time of the Laga Skifte. His wife Brita Lena Larsdotter
was senior to her husband by 18 years and would* if still
alive* have been even less able to run a farmstead at that time.
The foundations of the farmstead's buildings (dwelling, barn
and cellar* fig. 5:4) and the extent of the farmyard were clearly
visible into the 1930s and planned twice, after which they
were obliterated by gravel extraction. Thus* these ruins were
unrelated to the Medieval farmstead of Barshalder (contra
Trotzig 1979^89).
Cemetery section 2 encompasses property Rojrhage 1:1,
which includes a small dwelling and outhouses established in
1925 (Hallgren etal. 1983:187, see section 3.2,2). Cemetery
section 3 is dominated by Roes farmstead #9 (Hallgren et al.
1983:186-187, Roes 1:36). Established c, 1900, its two great
poultry barns date from the 1 960s and 70s (GF archives 0303/
1973). At the northern end of cemetery section 4 is Uddvide
farmstead #3 (Hallgren etal. 1 983:220* Uddvide 1:6). Prob-
ably established in the 1820s* it has lent its name to the
Uddvide quarries.
Cemetery sections 5 and 6 have not been disturbed by
buildings. Cemetery section 7 is heavily settled along the east-
ern side of the road, but includes only one building inside
the probable original extent of the cemetery on the western
side. In 1 950 Sven Eklund, Birger Olsson, Henry Wessman
and Anselm Johansson established a small stonework factory
(Jakobsson 1982) here on property Osterby 1:45- It oper-
ated until 1 967* after which the building was used for stor-
age. The premises appeared vacant in 1995-
3. 1.7 Fegraeus
Drawing the line between grave robbing and scientific exca-
vation is not easy with the early excavators. The distinction
Fig. 1:4 The stEJI-standing stone at the SW end of the gravel pit in cemetery section I , re-erected by Harald Hansson in I 928, seen from the SW. The
rubble seen behind the stone is the ruined cellar of Zacharias Norrby's farmstead. Bhr I 96S;06 was located a few metres beyond the stone. The entire
area from this spot to O.VOhlsson's farmstead near the right -hard edge of the picture is now occupied by the gravel piL Photograph by Haraid Hansson
1930 (ATA neg. 1337:19).
24
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
must depend on whether or not documentation and finds
reached the authorities. Interestingly, a brief firsthand account
hy a Barshalder grave robber is kept at ATA, This was not,
however* a typical grave robber. Generations of local farmers
are silent on the subject.
The surveyor Carl Ludvig August Victor Fegraetis (1320-
1909) excavated an unknown number of graves in the north-
ern part of the cemetery, unearthing "within settings of lime-
stone slabs ... glass urns and strange bronzes in addition to
well-preserved crania". There is no known documentation
and the subsequent fate of his finds remains a mystery. In a
letter dated 1 June 1868 to Baron Rudbeck otEdsberg manor
north of Stockholm (Edsberg manor archives #1 777* with a
copy at ATA)* Fegraeus mentions his activities, encourages
the Baron to dig at Barshalder, and encloses a requested let-
ter of introduction to churchwarden Larsson of Roes in
Groflingbo, Fegraeus identifies Gullbacken and its surround-
ings as especially worthy of attention. Whether or not the
Baron made use of Fegraeus' advice and letter of recommen-
dation is Luiknown.
Fegraeus displays an attitude to ancient monuments fairly
common for the time, considering them well suited to pro-
vide amusement for wealthy dilettanti.
3. E. 8 The growth of the collections
The first finds from Grotlingbo and Fide parishes to enter a
museum collection were those from Ekdahl's excavations at
BarsKalder and other sites in 1826. It should be noted that
Ekdahl worked on his own initiative* and rather to the sur-
prise of KVHAA, Subsequently* until Gustafson's excavations
at Barshalder 1331-1882, most of the submitted finds com-
prised silver hoards, for which the authorities gave generous
rewards. From a total of 34 museum inventory units from
the intervening period* only nine are non -hoard finds. Among
these are four units of grave finds, three of them made acci-
dentally by locals. The fourth grave find (SHM 2393) repre-
sents a small-scale reflection of Ekdahl's activities* where the
painter O.W Back dug for antiquities on his own initiative,
offering them to KVHAA in 1357.
From the 1330s onward the trickle of antiquities from
Fide and Grotlingbo parishes grew to a steady stream, largely
mediated by the antique dealers Frans Lysholm of Hemse
and Anton Florin of Visby (cf. Rundkvist 1995a)' They op-
erated during the decades when large collections and the dis-
cipline of archaeology were being established in earnest in
Sweden* but before the existing ancient monument legisla-
tion had begun to be enforced on Gotland. This is the back-
ground to most Gotlandic antiquities in foreign collections,
e.g. the British Museum (Kidd 1936, 1994; Kidd & Thun-
mark'Nylen 1990) and the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
(MacGregor et al. 1997).
3.1.9 Gustafson 1881 & 1882
Gabriel Gustafson (1853-1915) performed scientific excava-
tions at cemeteries all over Gotland throughout the 1880s,
after which he moved to Norway. In 1 900 he took the Chair
in Archaeology at Universitetets Oldsaksamling in Oslo, and
in this capacity directed the excavation of the Oseberg ship
burial in 1904. For brief biographical notes and details of
Gustafson 's life and work in Nor^^'ay, see Hougen 1 965 and
Welinder 1998,
In 1 88 1 Gustafson visited Barshalder, where he excavated
I 5 graves in three days* 20-22 September. The following sum-
mer he returned to the cemetery, in four and a half days exca-
vating 24 graves and test-trenching several others.
3- 1 .9. 1 The documentation
Gustafson published several of his Gotlandic excavations in-
cluding those at Barshalder in Antiqvarisk TiJskrifiior 1905'
The manuscript of this report is kept at ATA (letter series 1).
Gustafson's field notes also survive at ATA, and provide more
detailed information both on the graves and on the circum-
stances of the excavations. The three quarto volumes consti-
tute a treasure trove of information, written in Gustafson's
neat hand and full of margin notes and pencil sketches. This
is primary material, jotted down during the course of the
excavations. The two excavation campaigns at Barshalder are
dealt with in pp 70-241 of the first volume.
In the published report Gustafson renumbered the graves*
ordering them into one contiguous number series and clean-
ing up the messy system established during fieldwork. I have
chosen to use these published grave numbers, prefixed with
the year, and to assign new numbers to the excavated graves
that Gustafson excluded from his report.
Gustafson uses a fairly consistent terminology for the su-
perstructures of the graves* and the accompanying descrip-
tions enable ready interpretation. All superstructure type de-
signations have been converted to modern terminology in
the catalogue.
3, 1 .9,2 The excavations
"Having excavated several ancient graves in northern and
central Gotland, 1 had requested permission from KVHAA
to perform excavations in 1881 in Grotlingbo parish, located
on the southern part of the island.
In the southernmost part of this parish is on both sides of
the road a plain called Barshalders hed [cf section 2.2.1].
West of the road is a large cemetery, stretching NE-SW along
the road and consisting of many small mounds* most of them
quite small cairns without kerbs or other stone settings, and
a few laid-out stone circles. A few larger cairns occur though*
and one large earthen mound is widely known by the name
Gtdlhaug or Gullbacken* to which several folk tales are tied.
... A large number of these cairns have previously been robbed*
but nowadays no damage is done. This activity took place in
25
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
earlier rimes. Some distance further south on the Fide border
and in Fide parish itself [cemetery sections 4-7] are to be
found large groups of grave mounds (from the Early Iron
Age fudging by their appearance) and in nearby fields several
finds have been made. Many untouched cairns are to be found
here and this is probably a more rewarding area than the ceme-
tery around Gullhaug [cemetery sections 1-3]. The latter area
is* however* interesting as it seems to have been used for a
longer period. The first graves I opened (located at the ap-
proximate centre of the cemetery's NE-SW extent and near
Gullhaug) belonged to the Late Iron Age (in one grave fully
developed animal head brooches and in another a Viking
sword), while the seven graves I then excavated in the north-
ernmost part of the cemetery belong to Hildebrand's third
brooch group. The intervening graves should represent the
time between these periods. But, as mentioned, most graves
have been destroyed, and furthermore the contents, at least
judging from those excavated by me, are very poor.
Along the road is a line of sandstone quarries; stone cists
have repeatedly been found during quarry work. One had
been found and destroyed in the southernmost part of the
cemetery [i.e. the southernmost part of the northern half of
the entire cemetery* cemetery section 3] l4 days before my
arrival; the slabs were still there and were measured. It is here
called grave number I. [Bhr 1331:01]." (Gustafson 1905:99-
101)
"Tired of these empty graves [Bhr 1881:4-8] I decided to
turn elsewhere in the cemetery, and in its northernmost part
(55 steps from a stone wall delimiting these outlying lands to
the north) found a group of closely gathered graves, small very
low cairns, which were completely untouched. However, time
allowed only for seven of these to be investigated [Bhr 1 38 1 :9'
15]' {Gustafson 1905:106) "All these cairns are small and very
low and, as stones are also scattered on the ground between
them, at first not very clearly visible." (Gustafson 1905^107)
"Near the stone wall are three pine trees. In the westernmost
(southernmost) of these I have on the southern side cut a swas-
tika. Grave B [Bhr 1881:10] lies ten steps S of this tree."
(Gustaisons field book p 88,)
"In the summer of 1882 I continued the investigations
of the extensive cemeteries on Barshalders hed, now in its
southernmost parts, in Fide parish or on the border between
Grotlingbo and Fide [cemetery sections 4-7]. The great ceme-
tery probably once continued all the way from where it ends
somewhat north of "Gullhaug", along the road south to
Timgren's farm under Osterby in Fide [Osterby 1:6, west of
the road], or almost to the road leading to Fide church — a
distance of about 1/3 fjardingsvag [890 m, clearly an under-
estimate]. Now, however, it is in several places interrupted by
cultivation, and in some parts of its length the graves are
sporadic. All of this magnificent gathering of graves cannot
however be called a cemetery in the sense that the graves at
one end would be the oldest and then become younger to-
wards the youngest one at the opposite end. That is probably
not the case: this has originally most likely been several ceme-
teries that have gradually extended and finally merged. The
facts of this matter cannot be ascertained until a sufficient
number of graves along the entire length have been exca-
vated. However, such an investigation would be severely in-
hibited by the fact that most of the graves visible above ground
have been robbed or disturbed. This has not taken place in
our day. These days no grave robbing occurs. The cemetery
has a nice location on the rise above the north end of the
Burgsviken inlet between the parishes of Nas and Fide.
Opposite the mile stone [Raa Fide 47] marking 6.5 mil
[6.3 pre-metric Swedish miles equals 69^5 km] from Visby,
on the western side of the road, is an enclosed plot [Kaldakern,
cemetery section 5]i only partly cultivated, belonging to Jonas
Jakobsson of Fride in Fide; in this plot eight graves were ex-
cavated (Bhr 1 882: 1 6-23). Immediately to the south is a plot
[Flodstronis, cemetery section 7], open towards the road,
which runs all the way down towards Timgren's farm and is
partly occupied by sandstone quarries; here twelve graves were
excavated (Bhr 1882:24-34). Opposite the northernmost of
these plots is on the other side of the road a pasture
[Gatthagen, including cemetery section 6 and the northern
end of cemetery section 7] in which some additional dicing
took place." (Gustafson 1905:111-112)
Gustafson hired local labourers to dig for him, and makes
repeated statements in his field notes as to their levels of ex-
perience. The team targeted graves visible above ground, each
being thoroughly dug through within its perimeter.
Gustafson in some ways lowered his excavation standards
in 1882. Apparently tired of empty and robbed graves, he
dug around somewhat erratically, used test pits to identify
inhumation graves, and excluded several excavated graves from
his report on the grounds that they had turned out to be
previously looted. The field notes do, however, tell the full
story. Gustafsonwas evidently torn between his desire to find
untouched rich graves and his sense of scientific responsibil-
ity. It seems that find lust got the better of him in the end.
On the other hand, his prime research objective was to se-
cure datable finds, a task in which he in fact succeeded.
3, 1 .9.3 Briefly mentioned graves
Gustafsons field notes of 1882 seem to bear at least brief
witness to all the digging done, as well as to observations
made of robbed and destroyed graves that he never touched.
Some of this information was incorporated into the published
report, but a complete list is included here,
A small stone cist near Bhr 1881:01, destroyed by quarry
workers.
The grave shown N of Bhr 1 881 :02 on the field sketch plan,
recorded as being "disturbed and dug-up".
An almost destroyed large cairn S of Bhr 1882:22.
26
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
A small mound* somewhat disturbed in the centre, between
Bhr 1882:19 &2L
All almost destroyed* fairly large cairn S oi the hne between
Bhr 1882:21 & 22,
A standing slab 1.5 m W of Bhr 1882:22, nothing found,
A standing slab a couple of steps N of Bhr 1882:23, nothing
found.
Six or seven robbed and more or less incomplete stone cists
in Jakobsson's pasture W of the road, cemetery section 5)
nothing found except burnt and unburnt bones,
A half ^destroyed cairn NW of Bhr 1882:23, near that on a
line between Bhr 1332:21 & 22.
Field book p. 117. Low cairn with slab cist orientated G^ con-
taining disturbed inhumation, head originally to the N, Lo-
cated 4 steps from the northern stone wall of Flodstroms
plot (i.e. the boundary of cemetery section 7), and 25 steps
from the road- Femur 40 cm long.
Field book p. 106. Robbed stone cist 175 x 35(S)45 cm
with inhumation, 1 .5 m W of Bhr 1882:28, with north-
ern end in line with the southern end of Bhr 1332:23.
Femur 43 cm long.
Several robbed stone cists and one or two square stone set-
tings between the quarry track and the southern fence of
Flodstronis plot in cemetery section 7, the area in which
Bhr 1332:32-34 were located.
Three large cairns near Bhr 1882:36. Fxcavation was aban-
doned when no stone cist could be found. One of them
(field book p. Ill) was located partly beneath the stone
wall by the road.
3. 1 .9.4 Location of the graves
Among the advances in archaeological field methodoiogj'
made during the half century since Ekdahl's visit was the re-
cording of the location of the graves, though not yet through
measured plans. Gustafson's field notes include sketch plans
of the two grave groups excavated in 1 881 , but the location
of these groups and those of the graves of 1882 are given
primarily in relation to other graves, following that to the
road, pre-land amalgamation stone walls, and even trees. The
unit of measurement is the step, and directions are given ac-
cording to the cardinal points of the compass. This has en-
abled the graves to be located roughly on the plans shown in
section 1 1 . The Laga Skifte map was extremely helpful.
3. 1. 9.5 The finds
Gustafson^s finds from the Barshalder graves were given in-
ventory number SHM 7581. In late 1994 they could with
few exceptions still be found in the stores, generally in a sat-
isfactory state of preservation compared to that described by
Gustafson. This holds only for the finds from the published
graves, however, as no trace could be found of the finds from
the mysteriously mistreated Bhr 1382:37. The antiquities that
Gustafson bought from the locals in 1881 and 1882, and
listed in his field book, were subsequently sold to SHM and
are to be found under SHM 7678.
3. l-IOThe Laga Skifte land amalgamation
reform: Kruuse andYtterberg 1878-1893
The Laga Skifte was the culmination of more than a century
of enclosure processes that aimed to amalgamate the agricul-
tural land of Sweden into larger, more efficient plots. To this
end, a surveyor mapped the existing property boundaries in
each parish, rating each plot of land according to a number
of parameters. The ratings were then summed up, and new
amalgamated plots, each with the same sum of ratings as be-
fore, were allocated to each farmstead in the parish. Occa-
sionally, a farmstead was moved in order for the farmer to
reach his new lands conveniently. All of this was a time con-
suming process requiring lengthy negotiations and diplomacy
on th.e part of the surveyor.
The Laga Skifte in Grotlingbo parish was performed
1878-1837 by Axel Reinhold Kruuse. He mapped a number
of ancient monuments at Barshalder, most significantly the
great clearance cairns that had built up on the mounds in
ceme-tery section 4 (Raa Grotlingbo 47-50i 209). Axel
Ytter berg performed the Laga Skifte in Fide parish, complet-
ing his work in 1 893.
With regard to Barshalder, the Laga Skifte reform meant
that the entire cemetery, including the parish common land,
was parcelled out to individual farmsteads or groups thereof
Demarcated plots were dedicated to quarries and gravel pits.
The number of land owners in the area rose, because although
rather useless for agriculture, the area held other valuable re-
sources: timber, gravel and sandstone. The labourer Zacharias
Norrby^s farmstead in cemetery section 1 was probably aban-
doned at this time.
3. LIE Laurin 1899
In January 1399 OskarWilhelmWennersten (1867-1931) vis-
ited the cemetery on an inspection tour of southern Gotland
sponsored by KVHAA. He noted that systematic grave rob-
bing had been going on at Barshalder for several years, mainly
in cemetery section 1 around Grotlingbo parish gravel pit. The
locals sold their finds to foreign buyers, who came each au-
tumn to collect the years harvest, as well as to the antique
dealers Lysholm andjonsson {RLindkvist 1995a:23-29. Report
ATA 0122/1899 in letter series 1, finds SHM 10736; also
mentioned in a letter from Wennersten to Oscar Montelius
dated 29 March 1896, ATA Montelii archives). This is in stark
contrast to the situation described by Gustafson who, less than
1 7 years previously, had witnessed no recent signs of grave rob-
bing at all. The explanation most likely lies in the Laga Skifte
land amalgamation reform. Boundaries bad been changed and
large areas put under the plough for the first time in millennia.
In Barsh alder's case, previously common land situated on gravel
and sandstone deposits had been divided among private own-
27
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
^rs, who lost no time in tapping these resources. At the same
time, the antiquities market was booming due to national ro-
mantic ideas of a glorious past. The archaeological record was
swept up in the upheavals of the time, the industrial expansion
and all. However* one should remember that these upheavals
also allowed Swedish scientific archaeolog)' to make a quan-
tum leap. The abundance of finds nurtured a large and ener-
getic generation of archaeologists.
Prompted by Wennersten's alarm-bell report of grave rob-
bing and expanding gravel extraction* KVHAA in May 1899
charged Harald Laurin (1875-1950)^ later to become an estate
owner and member of the Swedish Parliament, to perform the
first rescue excavations at Barshalder. He proceeded to exca-
vate 50 graves at the site of the Grotlingbo parish gravel pit.
3.1.1 I.I The documentation
Laurin's excavation report dated 1 May 1900 is kept at ATA
without a diary number. After the brief introduction, quoted
below, follow terse descriptions of 50 graves, accompanied
by crude plans of four graves. The location of the graves re-
main Laurin's secret. If one were ignorant of the rampant
grave robbing and subsequent gravel extraction, it would be
tempting to say that Laurin's excavations did more harm than
good. Again, one must bear in mind the preoccupation of
most archaeologists at the turn of the century with portable
artefacts,
Laurin's grave plans are crude on the verge of uselessness.
No scale is ever given. Plan 7 depicts an inhumation in a
stone cist surrounded by a kerb. The grave shown cannot be
one of those in the report as Laurin fails to mention any
inhumations at all.
One of Laurin's few redeeming qualities as a field archaeo-
logist was that he measured the diameter and height of most
of his grave superstructures. He did not however describe
their design in any detail, except for noting those furnished
with kerbs. Judging from the measurements, Laurin must
have worked in an area of low, round stone settings* but the
report does not allow for any more specific characterisation.
The SHM inventory states that the graves were "[a] 11 crema-
tions, marked above ground by low mounds or small stone
circles, or else under flat ground ([Bhr 1899027-33)'\
One particular problem is that grave infrastructure is de-
scribed only in 13 of 50 cases, and it is evident from the
grave numbers that Laurin picked up this habit halfway
through the excavation and then followed it only sporadi-
cally. In two cases he slates explicitly that a grave had a cre-
mation layer* and in four cases speaks of bone layers. I con-
sider it safe to assume that both of Laurin's terms "burnt grave"
and "bone layer" refer to cremation layers in those cases where
no stone-slab structure is mentioned.
Laurin seems to have been the first Barshalder excavator
to use a levelling instrument.
3-1.1 1 .2 The excavations
"The part of the cemetery which I have investigated is lo-
cated on a low gravel ridge at the so-called Barshaldersbacke
in Grotlingbo parish, but constitutes only one part of a very
large area completely covered by graves. All the different sites
probably once formed a contiguous cemetery* for in the built-
up or cultivated places which now separate the different sites*
antiquities are often found. ... this cemetery has maybe more
than any other place on Gotland been ravaged by grave rob-
bers* and all one could do was to save what might still be left.
Completely intact graves were found only in small numbers*
but I tried dicing in an apparently previously disturbed grave
and found that it had been very thoroughly rifled. Wben
subsequently repeating the test — I wanted to empty the gravel
extraction plot as completely as possible — I often found the
graves to include much of the original contents. The graves
in this part of the cemetery are all burnt graves of slight di-
mensions and of little height above the ground," {Laurin*
report at ATA)
Laurin employed locals to dig for him. One of these men
had "on several occasions assisted a notorious collector of
antiquities" and stated that iron objects were usually re-in-
terred in the graves after they had been robbed, Laurin drew
the reasonable conclusion that this was why he found iron
objects in otherwise robbed graves.
As to fieldwork methodology* Laurin followed his pre-
cursors in targeting only graves visible above ground. How-
ever* he came across Bhr 1399:27-33 when digging through
what appears to have been an extensive burnt layer. Laurin's
scanty description gives few clues on which to base an inter-
pretation, but no internal structures or flnds apart from those
relating to the graves themselves are mentioned. This at least
makes it improbable that the feature represents a central cre-
mation site.
3, 1 . 1 1.3 Location of the graves
All we have on this matter is Laurin's statement that he aimed
to empty the parish gravel extraction plot. This narrows the
possibilities down to a property defined on the Laga Skifte
map and called Uddvide Samfallt, which covers part of ceme-
tery sections 1 and 2. The absence of Neolithic material from
Laurin's flnds suggests that he did not touch the southern end
of the property in cemetery section 2, parcelled out as Rojrhage
1:1 in 1955- The lack of Migration Period and Late Viking
Period material indicates that he touched neither the western
nor the northern parts of the parish gravel pit area* which were
subsequently excavated in the 1 930s and 1 960s. Indeed* these
areas had been cultivated up to the Laga Skifte and no graves
were visible there at all. Vendel Period graves comparable to
Laurin's have been found only in the southern part of the par-
ish gravel pit area. It seems likely* therefore, that the majority
of his graves were located within the later limits of the gravel
pit as planned in 1927. In addition, some may have been situ-
28
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
aced in the area still remaining today as an island near the gravel
pic's southern edge. Both these areas are in cemetery section 1 .
Latirin's information on the relative positions of the graves
can be summarised as follows:
Group a:
Group b:
Group c 1 :
Group c2:
Group d:
04 & 05 2-25 m apart.
11 destroyed during gravel extraction.
26c. 2mWof27.
27 in the burnt layer c. 2 m E of 26, c. 0.75 m
from 28.
28 in the burnt layer c. 0.75 ni from 27.
29 in the burnt layer c. 0.75 ni from 30.
30 in the burnt layer c. 0.75 ni from 29* beside 31-
31 in the burnt layer beside 30.
32 in the burnt layer 1 m from 30, opposite 31.
33 in the burnt layer c. 1 m from 32.
42a on top ot 42b.
3.1.1 1. 4 The finds
Together with Laurin's report is kept a copy of the detailed
SHM finds inventory, which includes numerous compari-
sons with published objects. This is a very valuable docu-
ment, as the finds lists in the report are hopelessly incom-
plete and error-ridden. Laurin's knowledge of Iron Age
artefacts is illustrated by the fact that be thought opaque glass-
bead paste to be a kind of earthenware.
The finds from Laurin's excavations at Barshalder were
allocated inventory number SHM 10939 B. In late 1994 they
were in good condition and could with few exceptions all be
located in the stores, A number of minuscule iron fragments
have been found by SHM staff when re-packing the bones
from the graves, and carry inventory number SHM 32260B.
3.1.12 Nordin 1918
In 1915 BirgerNerman {1888-1971} visited a farmer in Grot-
lingbo and was shown pieces of a picture-stone found on a
grave at Barshalder (Bhr 1918:02) a few years earlier. In 1918
Fredrik Nordin (1852-1920) visited the cemetery and collected
the fragments (Lindqvist 1941-1942 Roes II, Nylen &Lamm
1987 #85), He also bought fmds from a grave (Bhr 1918:01)
destroyed at the parish gravel pit in cemetery section L The
vendor, O.Y Ohlsson, would act as archaeological warden at
Barshalder during the 1920s and 30s. Bhr 1918:01 was the
first known Late Viking Period grave to be produced by the
gravel pit; rich fmds of similar date would follow in the 1930s
and 60s. In his report, Nordin called attention to the threat
that gravel extraction posed to the cemeterj' (report ATA 1 228/
I9I8, finds SHM16124).
In 1919 Harald Hansson inspected Roes and Uddvide
quarries (in cemetery sections 3 and 4 respectively) and drew
a simple plan of the former showing the location of the grave
on which the picture-stone had been found. His verdict on
the quarries was that they posed a serious threat to the cem-
etery (fig. 3:3)- No mention was made of the parish gravel
pit (report ATA 1542/1919).
Wben questioned by Hansson in 1919 and Arne in 1920,
the locals identified two contrasting find spots for Nordin's
picture-stone. They pointed out Bhr 1920:15 to Hansson;
telling Arne that the find spot was situated "30-40 metres
north of Roes Gullbacke". Since the latter would mean a lo-
cation in the quarry pit, and because Arne did not record the
find spot as having been destroyed, the statement can prob-
ably be amended to "30-40 metres north of Roes Gullbacke
along the edge of the quarry" (i-e- northeast). This indicates
a location c. 1 0-20 metres from Bhr 1920:15- The fragments
had been removed about eight years previously, so the locals
most probably failed to remember exactly where they had
been found. One can perhaps safely reckon with a find spot
situated in the 90° sector NE of Gullbacken, within 40 ni of
the barrow-
Up to this point, matters had followed the same course as
w^ith Wennersten's inspection 20 years previously But things
had changed. The police had been involved after graves had
been destroyed at Burstallar-Sallmunds in 1903 and at Fidenas
Railway Station in 1907, and Jakob Olsson of Burstallar-
Sallmunds had been taken to court and convicted of grave
robbing in 1904. The long established but weakly enforced
ancient monument legislation had grown teeth.
3. 1. 1 3 Arne 1920
On 1 January 1 920 a police order was given to the owners of
Roes and Uddvide quarries (in cemetery sections 3 and 4
respectively), forbidding them to damage the graves (ATA
0096/1920)- The quarry owners wrote to the Board of Na-
tional Antiquities in February and March, lamenting the fact
that 20 quarrymen were out of work because of the graves
and indicating that the men would return to work if nothing
was done (% 3:3, letters ATA 0214/1920 & 0292/1920).
Following the second letter Harald Hansson again visited the
quarries, but had time only to draw sketch plans of damaged
and threatened graves at the edges, and to show the quarrymen
which areas to avoid (report ATA 0358/1920).
Nothing was done about the graves during the summer,
and in August one of the quarry owners again wrote to the
Board of National Antiquities requesting the immediate re-
moval of graves (letter ATA 0935/1920)- Only then was Ture
Arne (1879-1968) dispatched to the site. During the final
days of August he excavated 1 6 graves along the quarry edges.
3 J . 1 3, 1 The documentation
Appended to the reports of Harald Hansson's inspections of
1919 aid 1920 are two overlapping sketch plans of Roes
quarry in cemetery section 3, and one of Uddvide "New
Quarry" in section 4. Arne submitted a seven-page hand-
written excavation report. This is now kept at ATA, filed under
Barshalder without a diary number. Arne's extensively
29
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
Fig. 1:3 The Uddvlde New Quarry, a tradiuonal operation despite Its name, seen Irom the S. Bhr 1920:01 -07 were located along the quarry's edge to
the right. Photograph byTure Arne 1920 (ATA neg. 462:36).
scribble-annotated grave plans and plan of Roes quarry were
found among Kis papers after his death. Most of his field
notes seem to have been kept on these plans. They are kept
together with fair copies at ATA, filed under Roes and Udd-
vide withour diary numbers. Arne evidently used Hansson's
plans during his fieldwork, as descriptions of Bhr 1920:15 &
l6 are found scribbled in Arne's hand on Hansson's plan of
Roes quarry.
Arne's overall documentation standard was in some ways
as poor as Laurin's had been two decades previously. As shown
by the few grave plans he made, he was capable of fairly good
planning and even section drawings but he spread his atten-
tion very thinly. The empty graves are dismissed with two
lines each in the report. The only consolation is chat Arne
drew a grave location plan. He was also the first excavator at
Barshalder to use a camera.
The photographs^ kept at ATA, give a valuable impression
of the landscape and the radical changes caused by the quarry-
ing (fig. 3:3). They can also help in locating subsequently back-
filled or overgrown pits. Apart from close-ups of individual
graves the photographs include views of the tv/o quarries, the
pasture in cemetery section 2 north of Roes quarry, and
Gullbacken (fig, 3:1), or as Arne called it, Roes Gullbacke.
Of [he graves at Roes quarry, Arne numbered seven 1-7,
denoting an additional grave as A (repeating the name on
Hansson's two sketch plans) and giving no name at all in the
report to a further specimen, although denoting this feature
as X on the plan. The graves excavated at Uddvide New
Quarry were also allocated numbers 1-7. For the sake of clar-
ity I have chosen to retain numbers 1 -7 for the Uddvide graves
and to designate the Roes graves 8-16,
3- 1. 1 3. 2 The excavations
Arne is the first archaeologist at Barshalder to mention the
sieving of cremation layers, Ic seems likely, however, in the
light of all the small objects and fragments collected by
Gustafson and Laurin, that they too used sieves. Arne exca-
vated only graves visible above ground.
3-1.1 3.3 Location of the graves
The relative positions of the graves are fixed by Hansson's
plan of Uddvide New Quarry and by his 1 920 plan of Roes
quarry, onto which his 1919 plan and Arne's 1920 plan can
be superimposed. The Roes graves can be fixed in absolute
terms by the inclusion of Gtdlbacken, the road and a plan
scale. Arne's plan features an incorrect scale statement and an
30
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
erroneous compass arrow. It can only be placed in relation to
Hansson's plan through the inclusion ot a field wall and by
comparing the quarry edges. The grave diameters on Ames
plan correlate very poorly with those stated in his report. One
grave is shown as number 3 on Arne's plan. It is situated c, 4
m from the quarry edge between Bhr 1920:1 1 and l4 with
the comment "flat stone lies on surface". For some reason
Arne failed either to excavate here or to document the exca-
vations he made.
The location of the Uddvide graves are problematic:
Hansson's plan offers no real-world footholds. He states that
"in N. Jakobsson's* Uddvide, pasture at the Fide border, the
so-called Bostallehage are situated two quarries in and near
cemeteries ,.." Arne states that "the Uddvide quarry is west of
the road just north of the Fide parish boundary. North, east
and south of the quarry are grave cairns". These statements
narrow the approximate location down to the south-eastern
corner of property Uddvide 1:20 at the Fide parish boundary
in cemetery section 4* where todays quarry is found. The pos-
sibilities might be further narrowed down by analysing the
ph.otograph.s that show standing buildings in the background.
1 138/1921), Only one large-scale grave plan was made (of
Bhr 1921:04)* and this constitutes little more than a sketch.
3, 1 . 1 4.2 The excavations
There had been a misunderstanding with the landowner: he
believed that the archaeologist would rid his property of graves
entirely* free of charge. The excavations were restricted to the
area closest to the quarry when the landowner learned that
he was expected to pay for all the work.
Hansson excavated only graves visible above ground. The
photographs show the area to have been covered with pine
trees and undergrowth, so his sample must be highly incom-
plete.
3-1.14.3 Location of the graves
The relative positions of the graves are neatly shown on
Hansson's plan. The plan can be fixed in absolute terms by
the inclusion of the north-eastern corner of property Osterby
1:15- This is situated at the northern end of cemetery section
7, where Registered Ancient Monument area Raa Fide 13
extends westwards across the road,
3.1. l3.4The finds
Although no great field archaeologist* Arne was of course at
home with the artefacts, as will be evident to anyone familiar
with his publications. The report consists mainly of detailed
And descriptions, sometimes quoting published flnds or in-
cluding sketches in the margins. The finds carry inventory
number SHM 16598, and in November 1994 were found to
be in good condition.
In museum collections* finds are frequently made among
burnt bones long after their excavation, and at SFIM the staff
have usually simply added these new flnds to the original
ones, Arne's 1920 excavation is* however, one of those rare
cases in which the bone flnds have received an inventory
number of their own, SHM 32259- Unfortunately* some
uncertainty surrounds their attribution: the inventory notes
allocate them to "Uddvide* grave 6?". The significance of the
question mark is uncertain. The grave mentioned is, how-
ever* unequivocally Bhr 1920:06,
3.1.14 Harald Hansson 1921
In a letter dated 25 October 1920 the owner of a quarry in
Fide parish requested the immediate excavation of several
graves impeding quarry expansion. Ture Arne had pointed
out the graves to the landowner in March the same year (let-
ter ATA1200/1920). In 1921 Harald Hansson (1893-1985)
visited the site. He noted that the threatened graves formed
part of a cemetery and excavated eight of them.
3.1. 14. 1 The documentation
Hansson's three-page handwritten report, including a loca-
tion plan and two photographs* is kept at ATA (report ATA
3 J. 1 4.4 The finds
The flnds carry inventory number SHM 16693.
3.1.15 Harald Hansson 1927
Ture Arne visited the cemetery on 1 6 August 1 927 and took
stock of the damage done by recent gravel extraction at the
northern end of the gravel pit in cemetery section 1 . A road
maintenance company* AB Vagforbattringar, had bought
property and had just started working previously untouched
gravel deposits (flg. 3:6). Three graves had already been ex-
posed in the sides of the new gravel pit* and artefacts from
one of these had been salvaged by Alfred Edle. Arne exca-
vated the remaining t\\'o graves. In his report* he gave a de-
tailed description of the northern end of the cemetery,
summarised the cemetery's destruction and excavation his-
tory* and stressed the need for immediate rescue work.
Harald Hansson was dispatched to the site and, during
the period 8-15 September, excavated 17 graves that were
either damaged or threatened by gravel extraction on the prop-
erties of the parish and AB Vagforbattringar. He also exca-
vated a single grave threatened by the expansion of Uddvide
sandstone quarry in cemetery section 4,
3- 1 . 1 5. 1 The documentation
Arne's typed report is bound together with Hansson's and
kept at ATA (report ATA 3393/1927). Three photographs
are appended. All Arne says about his two excavated graves is
that they were found on the edges of the AB Vagforbattringar
gravel pit, that one yielded burnt bones and that the other
produced no flnds at all. Hansson believed Bhr 1927:01 to
be Arne's cremation grave* which seems plausible.
31
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
Fig. 1:6 Bhr I 93S;04 m cemetery section I seen from the N during excavation. Beyond the grave
IS the area traversed byABVagforbattringar's gravel extraction until 1 934 and the fenced breach
from the parish section of the pit v/here gravel extraction began in I 927, The area beyond the
stone wall to the left still remains as an island In the gravel pit. Photograph by Marten Sterberger
I93S (ATAneg. 1833:17).
Hanssons handwritten report* numbered ATA4043/1 927,
is accompanied by several plans and photographs. Hansson
was assisted by the artist Ture Carlson (1895^1967), who drew
excellent plans and sections* and photographed the excavated
graves. The AB Vagtorbattringar area is covered by a grave lo-
cation plan. Carlson also drew a smaller-scale plan of the whole
of cemetery section 1* the first plan covering such a large por-
tion of the cemetery. However* it is rather impressionistic in its
depiction of individual graves away from the excavations and
gravel pits, Nihlen drew a more accurate plan four years later.
Hansson used numbers 1-17 for the graves of 1927* de-
signations that I have kept. 1 have given the grave from which
Ed!e collected artefacts the number Bhr 1927:18. The grave
excavated by Hansson at Uddvide quarry is called Uddvide I
in the report, and I have called it Bhr 1 927: 1 9-
3.1. 1 5.2 The excavations
During work on the AB Vagforbattringar
property, Hansson was more or less forced
to perform the first area excavation at
Barshalder, No graves were visible above
ground as the area had been ploughed for
decades by Zacharias Norrby* the owner of
the Roes farmstead that had been deserted
at the Laga Skifte c. 35 years previously (see
section 3-1.6). An area measuring 275 m^
was dug through completely, excavation
continuing 10-30 cm into the Holocene
gravel* where all disturbances could be easi-
ly detected- This method yielded the first
evidence of cremation pits at Barshalder.
Hansson sieved the buria! deposits.
Use of the eastern* communal part of
the gravel pit (fig. 3:5} had declined con-
siderably after AB Vagforbattringar had
taken over the upkeep of the roads. Small
amounts of gravel were still dug from the
north-western end of the pit. The graves
excavated here were all disturbed to vary-
ing degrees and visible in the cut edge.
Hansson also test-dug at a number of lo-
cations along the edge of the pit in search
of threatened graves that did not survive
above ground. This search produced the
rich grave Bhr 1927:1 1. Hansson consid-
ered a 50 by 2 metre strip along the pit
edge to have been cleared of graves.
Here, Olof V, Ohisson (1881-1940),
a local police officer since 1 923 and owner
of the farm at Roes 1:31 (fig. 3:4) just
northeast of the parish gravel pit, enters
the Barshalder chronicle in earnest. He
participated in Hansson's excavations, and
upon Hansson's departure was asked to
keep an eye on the gravel pit and to prevent it from expand-
ing without archaeological supervision. As he lived immedi-
ately adjacent to the gravel pit and was interested in ancient
monuments and artefacts, Ohisson undertook a vigil that
would last through the 1930s until his death.
The excavations 1927 mark a new era in fieldwork and
documentation standards at Barshalder. These advances are
reflected in the number of excavated graves per day: Hansson
managed two graves per day; his precursors at Barshalder had
excavated five.
3, 1 . 1 5,3 Location of the graves
Carlson's location plans neatly show all the graves excavated
at the gravel pits. A sketch plan of Uddvide quarry gives a
rough idea of where Bhr 1 927:1 9 was located.
32
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
Fig. 1:5 The northern part of the Grodingbo parish gravel pit in cemetery section I, seen from the E by a photographer standing on the main road. The
area from the pit's edge and past the stone wall was excavated by GustafTrotzig in I 963-1 966. Bhr 1966:01 can be seen as a low hump to the right of
the |uniper shrubs at the centre of the picture. Photograph byTure Arne I 927 (ATA neg. 7S6; I ).
3JJ5.4The finds
The finds of 1927 are kept rogecher with those of 1928 un-
der inventory number SHM 19055- Included with the grave
finds are a couple of srrays that go unmentioned in Hansson's
reports^ but whose provenances are documented in the SHM
inventory. In addition, there are three boxes of nondescript
finds that were not even entered into the inventory. One of
these lacks any form of provenance at all, beyond being de-
scribed as from the Barshalder area. The labels on the re-
maining two boxes (which contain a comb fragment^ a poorly
preserved knife and a probably modern nail} refer to a cre-
mation pit but give no grave number. The cremation pits
documented in 1 927 and 1928 are Bhr 1927:01 . 02 and 04,
but none of these contained finds of this nature.
3.1.16 Harald Hansson 1928
Harald Hansson returned twice to the Barshalder gravel pits
in 1 928. In July he excavated two graves in Grotlingbo par-
ish. In September the Board of National Antiquities formally
requested O.V Ohisson to keep an eye on the gravel pits
here. Hansson returned shortly thereafter and excavated two
further graves. Finally, he inspected the Kaldakern gravel pit
in Fide parish, cemetery section 5 where he discovered two
disturbed graves* one of which he excavated.
In 1928 quarryman Johan Levander removed two graves
at Uddvide quarry in cemetery section 4, only one of which
Hansson had excavated the previous year (Bhr 1 927: 1 9)- The
adjacent grave (Bhr 1928:06} turned out to have been previ-
ously untouched. Levander kept the finds he made, later claim-
ing that he believed Hansson had already excavated this grave
too. He gave the finds as payment for a debt to the local gro-
cer, in whose care Marten Stenberger found them in 1934.
Harald Hansson also collected finds from a destroyed grave
(Bhr 1928:08} located near Bhr 1927:19^
3 J . 1 6, 1 The documentation
Hansson's excavations 1928 are documented in two 2-page
handwritten folio reports plus a single-page handwritten fo-
lio addendum on the Fide excavation. All are kept at ATA
(ATA3308/1928 &5299/1928).
Hansson's method of annotation is confusing and incom-
plete. For the sake of clarity I have numbered the Grotlingbo
gravel pit graves Bhr 1928:01-04, and the Fide grave Bhr
1928:05- The destroyed grave at Uddvide quarry, which prob-
ably corresponds to "11" on Hansson's 1927 sketch plan, is
called Bhr 1928:06 in the catalogue.
An extension to the 1927 location plan, necessitated by
further AB Vagforbattringar work at the gravel pit shows the
33
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
locationsofBhr 1923:01, 03 & 04, Plans and section draw^
ings of Bhr 1928:03 & 04 are also included. Several photo-
graphs are appended to the reports.
In 1934, Stenberger interviewed Levander about Bhr
1928:06 and sent a report to the Board of National Antiqui-
ties (ATA3203/1934).
3.1. 1 6.2 The excavations
The workmen at the AB Vagforbattringar gravel pic in cem-
etery section 1 had transgressed the north-eastern limit of
Hansson's excavations 1927. A stone cist (Bhr 1928:01) had
collapsed into the pit in Jtme. Hansson sieved the deposits
around the cist and secured a number of finds. To provide a
gravel extraction area in the parish pit he also excavated a 1
by 3 m trench situated 4.5 m N of Bhr 1927:1 1 , unearthing
Bhr 1923:02. The boundaries of this trench are unknown.
During his autumn visit Hansson cleared a 375 ni" area of
graves for AB Vagforbattringar north of the previous vear's
excavations. With the size of the graves excavated in 1927 in
mind^ he did not perform an area excavation. Instead, parallel
trial trencheswere dug across the area at 40-50 cm intervals, to
the same depth as at the previous year's excavations. Only two
graves turned up in this larger area, neither of them a crema-
tion pit, which casts doubt over the efficacy of this choice of
method: one further grave was found within the cleared area
in 1930. Hansson himself expresses puzzlement in the report
over the scarcity of graves. The fallen stone west of the area of
excavation area was re-erected (fig, 3:4). It would later be used
by Gustaf Trotzig as a reference point during his survey work
of the 1960s.
Hansson located and excavated Bhr 1923:05 at the Kald-
akern gravel pit, but he also noted and photographed a badly
disturbed cairn east of the pit, near the road. He concluded
in the addendum to the report that this gravel pit also needed
archaeological attention, a cry that went unheeded. There
was no O.Y Ohlsson here.
3.1.1 6.3 Location of the graves
Leaving aside the graves shown on the plan, the position of
Bhr 1928:02 is given relative to that of Bhr 1927:11. Bhr
1923:05 is said to have been located at the southern end of
the Fide parish gravel pit, and a photograph shows it near the
stone wall marking the southern extent of the plot.
3.1. l6.4The finds
The finds of 1928 are kept together with those of 1927 un-
der inventory number SHM 19055- The fmds from Bhr
1923:06, the destroyed grave at Uddvide quarry* are kept at
GF under inventory number C8542.
as at the AB Vagforbattringar gravel pit in cemetery section 1
were now all but depleted of gravel* making further excava-
tions necessary, Harald Han sson was dispatched to Grotlingbo
in September, where he excavated five graves and collected
the finds from three destroyed graves from Ohlsson.
3 J . 1 7, 1 The documentation
Hansson's three-page handwritten report is kept at ATA un-
der diary number 4005/1 930. A location plan shows the ex-
tent of the AB Vagforbattringar gravel pit and the excava-
tions plus the location of the excavated graves. Three grave
plans* two section drawings* and a photograph giving an ex-
cellent impression of the area are also appended. A photo-
graph and a sketch plan showing a picture-stone fragment
(see below) were originally included in the report, but could
not be found at ATA in January 1995-
Hansson called three of the graves a, b and c. The re-
maining two excavated graves and a destroyed grave noted
by Ohlsson were all denoted XL I have renumbered the graves
Bhr 1930:01-06.
Hansson praises Ohlsson in the report: "I would ,„ like
to point out that Ohlsson has excellently fulfilled the Board's
charge to oversee gravel extraction, and I dare to suggest that
he should be made the Board's special representative in
Grotlingbo. It would encourage him further; and as inter-
ested, alert and dependable as he his* he could be of great use
in the preservation of ancient monuments."
3, 1 . 1 7.2 The excavations
Hansson aimed to clear a 300 m" area of graves, and resorted
to the trial trenching method of two years previously. The
trench interval was increased from 40-50 cm in 1 928 to 50-
75 cm in 1930. T^o further graves were discovered in the
cleared area in 1934.
Hansson states that the entire AB Vagforbattringar plot
had previously been cultivated, with the exception of a wedge-
shaped area adjacent to the site of Zacharias Norrby's de-
serted farm. A limited foray into this area yielded four of the
five graves, which gives an indication of just how destructive
the ploughing had been.
Ohlsson had collected a number of fuids from destroyed
graves, two at the gravel pits in cemetery section 1 and one at
Roes quarry in cemetery section 3. These prompted Hansson
to perform trial excavations at visible stone clusters along the
western edge of the parish gravel pit (fig. 3:5)t without how-
ever finding any graves,
Ohlsson had also found a picture-stone fragment re-used
in a stone wall c, 300 m NW of his house, and promised to
move it to his garden. Its subsequent fate is unknown.
3.1.17 Harald Hansson 1930
In April* O.V Ohlsson dutifully wrote to the Board of Na-
tional Antiquities reporting that the previously excavated are-
3, 1. 1 7.3 The finds
The finds from Hansson's excavations 1930 share inventory
number SHM 19535 with Ohisson's stray finds and the finds
34
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
from Bhr 1930:07 (see below}. They were generally in good
condition in January 1995) although explanatory notes on
the boxes bore witness to a mix-up that had largely been
cleared up. The remaining uncertainties concern Ohlsson's
stray finds, includingBhr 1930:06,
3.1.18 Bhr 1930:07 -the rich srave of 1930
On 4 November 1930, building contractor Karl Lindkvist of
Skradarve in Grotlingbo and two workmen dug a cellar for
an extension to the house of Anna Johansson, a widow. The
house was located in cemetery section 2 at the north end of
Roes quarry. The builders happened to dig straight into the
richest Migration Period grave ever found on Gotland, al-
though at first they tossed the finds aside without recognising
their age and value. O.V. Ohlsson happened to be passing
the site on his way to work. He stopped the digging, col-
lected the finds, and forbade the workers to touch the spoil
heap. He then took the finds home and wrote a letter to the
Board of National Antiquities in Stockholm. In his letter,
Ohlsson related the circumstances of the find and listed the
salvaged artefacts. Referring to his earlier excavation experi-
ence, he then offered to sieve the spoil heap and to collect
any remaining finds.
An exasperated note from Ohlsson dated 6 November
subsequently relates how the Gotland Antiquarian Associa-
tion (Gotlands Fornvanner)* keepers of Gotlands Fornsal,
intervened and had the finds restored to the workmen (prob-
ably due to complaints from the f nders and lest Ohlsson
should try to pocket the reward). The director of Gotlands
Fornsah Ella Hellgren (1 880-1 968)» had the spoil heap sieved
on 6 November (the cellar walls had by that time already
been built in the pit), taking the finds to Visby. Ohlsson asked
for a certificate authorising him to stop construction should
a similar situation arise again.
Ohissons next letter* dated 8 November, is decidedly hufiy'.
It describes the find spot (with an extensively annotated sketch
plan based on Carlson's 1927 plan) and the actions of
Gotlands Fornvanner, Ohlsson claims that they did not in-
tend to collect the bones from the grave, and complains that
no-one had interviewed him about the find. The letter ends
by stating that the skull had been orientated to the north,
that the sword was on the right-hand side, and that the ca.uld-
ron was placed at the head.
On 1 November the Board of National Antiquities wrote
to Ohlsson, sending its thanks and including a 10 kronor
reward for his continuing vigilance as noted in Hansson's re-
port and as shown by his intervention in the case of the rich
grave. Furthermore, he received instructions relating to the
gravel pit and was asked to become the Board's ofiicial repre-
sentative in Grotlingbo parish. Ohisson's reply, dated 16
November, is worth quoting at some length:
'Mr Custodian! Thank you for assenting to my request
for compensation for the salvaging of finds. But! I doubt if I
can fulfd so magnificent a proposal as to become the repre-
sentative of the Custodian of National Antiquities in Grotling-
bo parish. I have no more than an elementary school educa-
tion and do not know the requirements. Interest in the pres-
ervation of ancient monuments is not lacking, but financial
circumstances do not permit personal sacrifices. The small
salary I receive for police work is only 1 50 kronor per year.
Can therefore not set aside time without compensation. Do
not have large demands in life but am content, and am grate-
ful for small compensations. If the Custodian can accept me
as representative in Grotlingbo on these terms I will gladly
accept the position." (Letter ATA 4240/1930)
Ohlsson ended his letter with a warning that Mrs Johansson
was planning a new garden plot near her house. His advice was
to forbid this or to excavate the area. The widow was subse-
quently admonished by the Board of National Antiquities not
to damage the graves, and Ohlsson was charged with keeping
an eye on the site.
There was obviously a conflict bet\\'een the two infor-
mants on the subject of the rich grave, no doubt hinging on
the prestige connected with the find and social tensions be-
tween the upper-bourgeoisie Hellgren and the uneducated
country man Ohlsson. Hellgren excludes Ohissons involve-
ment entirely from her report, and Ohlsson may be suspected
of having exaggerated his own role slightly. Notes in the mar-
gins of his letters show that he telephoned the Board of Na-
tional Antiquities at least once on the subject (possibly from
the local grocer's), no doubt delivering a heated account of
his ill-treatment.
The Board sent a 200 kronor reward for the find, which
the Governor of Gotland divided between Ohlsson and the
three builders.
3 J . 1 8. 1 The documentation
Ohisson's report letters are kept at ATA with diary numbers
4142/1930 & 4158/1930, Ella Hellgren's two-page typed
report, dated 1 6 November,with a two-page finds list, a re-
constructed sketch plan and five photographs of the finds
carries diary number ATA 4242/1 930,
Hellgren calls Mrs Johansson's house "Gullbacken' in the
report, a name borrowed from the barrow located in cemetery
section 3, c. 200 m SSW of the house. The widow probably
used this name herself, although there is no first-hand evidence
of the name being used for the house either before or after the
1930s. In the 1960s, during the excavation of large parts of the
house's garden (see section 3.1.38), a low mound (Bhr 1967:33)
20 m N of the house was identified as Gullbacken (KVHAA
1 974: 1 24-1 26). This erroneous identification was repeated in
19S9 byJanPederLamm (Lamm & Axboe 1989:453-461).
Lamm's mistake is understandable in view of the fact that the
one plan covering both the real Gullbacken and the house
(Claesson & Ostman's plan of 1 976) was available only at an
extremely reduced scale (Aija 1979a: 34, fig, 1; Lamm &Axboe
35
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
1989:455i fig- 2}* rendering ic almost illegible. Following
Lamm» the grave is also referred to as Gullbacken in the Ikono-
graphischer Kiitalog of Mi^c^iion Period gold bracteates (Axboe
et al. 19S5-1939 ^216). In the present catalogue the grave is
numbered Bhr 1930:07.
3.1, 1 8.2 The excavations
According to Hellgren's report and sketch, the workmen dug a
square pit by the north-western wall of the house, with sides
2.75 ni long by 2.75 m wide, and 1 m deep before they reached
the surface of the sandstone bedrock. They removed slightly
gravel -mixed soil and igneous stones ot' the kind used tor grave
superstructures during the Gotlandic Iron Age. When the first
of the well-preserved finds surfaced the workmen interpreted
them as recent refuse: a bucket (the cauldron), a vase (the bea-
ker) and so on. Only when the sword, the umbo and the gold
bracteate surfaced did they begin to realise the nature of their
find {Gotidnningen 8 November 1930, clipping at ATA), This
apparently did not stop them from finishing their pit and build-
ing the cellar walls. When Hellgren arrived she was presented
with a number of finds and a heapof spoihThc spoil from the
pitwas sieved, which yielded most of the small objects. Hellgren
states that the workmen kept stepping in the spoil heap, mak-
ing the sieving all the more urgent.
Hcllgrens reconstruction sketch shows the approximate
positions of the larger objects as recalled by the workmen.
They believed, however, that the objects had moved around
duringthe removal of the stones.
Nothing was recorded about the structure of the grave.
The scraps of information and the finds enable us to state
only that the grave was a richly furnished inhumation in-
cluding preserved wood, leather and textile fragments.
Under Hellgren's supervision, a 1.6 by 1.2 mNW extension
to the main pit was later dug to construct a staircase. No finds
were made here during the dicing or the sieving of the spoil.
3.1. 1 8.3 The finds
The finds from the rich grave share inventory number SHM
19535 with Hanssons grave finds and Ohisson's stray finds
from September 1930. Hellgren drew up a detailed finds list
supplemented with five photographs before sending the finds
to Stockholm, The list is kept with her report at ATA with
diary number 4242/1930. Her designation of the house as
Gullbacken is repeated in the SHM inventory.
Finding all the objects from Bhr 1930:07 was tricky, as a
number of them had been exhibited or sent for re-conserva-
tion and had finally ended up in remote corners of SHM's
emergency dry stores. The silver strap end mount could not
be tound at all,
A few additional small objects from Bhr 1930:07 turned
up during re-packing of the bones, and were given inventory
number SHM 32260A.
3.1.19 Nihien 1931
Gravel extraction continued both at the western AB Vagfor-
battringar pit and at the eastern parish gravel pit (fig. 3:5) in
cemetery section 1. The Board of National Antiquities dis-
patched John Nihien (1901-1983) to Grotlingbo, and be-
tween 7 and 20 June 1931 he documented 19 graves and a
hearth, and replanned the gravel pit area.
3 J . 1 9, 1 The documentation
Nihlen's nine-page typed folio report is kept at ATA under
diary number 2903/1931, Neat plans of seven graves, sec-
tion drawings of three and 28 photographs are appended to
the report.
Nihien found Carlsons plan of 1927 to be incomplete
and partly incorrect. Mapping the area was not easy due to
the dilapidated state of most graves, but a new plan was made,
including summary descriptions of all the structures surveyed.
The plans feature an interesting detail: sandstone (and in
one case limestone) is indicated by hatching. The graves are
numbered in two conflicting series: one on the plan and one
from 1 to 20 in the report. I have chosen to use that given in
the report, as it uses a low, contiguous number sequence.
Nihlen's find descriptions are so brief as to be of little use.
It is in many cases hard to ascertain to which object he is
referring. He also seems to have omitted several finds, not
only those that were later discovered among the bones at the
museum.
3, 1 . 1 9.2 The excavations
Nihien was assisted in his survey and excavations by Ingemar
Atterman and Nils Tidmark. In the report Nihien claims to
have excavated eleven graves in the northern corner of the
parish gravel pit plot. Indeed the plan shows eleven struc-
tures: ten graves and one large pit. However, only seven exca-
vated graves are described in the report. This discrepancy is a
mystery, especially in view of the fact that two of the omitted
graves are shown on the plan to have been the largest in the
plot. They were even numbered 21 and 22 in the report's
number series on the plan legend, as if they had actually been
excavated. When Nihlen's grave 21 was investigated in 1 966
(Bhr 1 966:01 ab) a recent trench was located, sunk to a level
50 cm above the base of the grave. This feature may very
plausibly have been excavated by Nihien in 1931. During
the inspections 1957-1958 it was noted that only the centres
of cairns Bhr 1931:10-1 2 & l4 showed signs of excavation.
This may very well have applied to all the excavated graves.
Nihien also dug test pits in search of hidden graves. He
considered the parish gravel pit area too large for parallel trial
trenching, but thought it not unlikely that hi rther finds would
turn up. Nevertheless, he deemed the area fully investigated
and ready for gravel extraction.
Five graves were excavated at the base of the promontory
on the western edge of the gravel pit, where the graves formed
36
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
a continuous ston? layer and were ver)' hard to distinguish
from one another.
An area north of Hansson's excavations the previous year
in the AB Vagforbatrringar gravel pit was investigated using
"closely placed" trenches* a search that revealed four graves.
This area had been badly damaged by ploughing.
The remains of two disturbed graves were excavated, one
in the field NW of Ohlsson's house* the other near to Bhr
1930:07.
Nihien collected soil samples from the various deposits
in Bhr 1931:02. The samples were in February 1995 kept
together with the finds in the SHM stores.
3J J 9.3 The finds
The finds carry inventory number SHM 19766. Some of the
bones were still kept together with the finds in February 1995
and had not been moved to the SHM bone stores. When re-
packing other bones SHM staff found further objects be-
longing to three graves. The additional objects were given
inventory number SHM 32260C.
3.1.20 Stenberser 1934
No excavations took place in 1 932-33. The edges of the gravel
pits in cemetery section 1 were inspected by John Nihien in
1 932 and by Erik Floderus and O.V Ohlsson in 1 933, with-
out any immediately threatened graves turning up (reports
ATA 4287/1932 & 3340/33).
After a couple of years with AB Vagforbattringar work-
ing its gravel pit for the Southern Gotland Road Council,
the latter seems to have taken both the land and the gravel
extraction into its own hands. In July 1934 the Road Coun-
cil engineer was instructed to proceed into the area excavated
by John Nihien in 1931, and to halt and report if any finds
were made. Marten Stenberger (1393-1973), who had re-
cently been appointed Gotland's first County Archaeologist
and was director of Gotlands Fornsal, spent the period 22-
25 August excavating an area west of the expanding gravel
pit* investigating three graves. He also found three picture-
stone fragments (Lindqvist 1941-1942 Roes III-V, Nylen &
Lamm 1987 #86-33) in a field wall near Zacharias Norrby's
deserted farm* and moved them to the farm museum at
Kattlunds.
3. 1 .20. 1 The documentation
Stenberger's two-page typed folio report* including a loca-
tion plan, and a plan* section drawing and photograph of
one of the graves is kept at ATA under diary number 4200/
1 934. The picture-stone fragments are reported in ATA 3321 /
1934.
The location plan derives from Nihien's 1 931 plan* with
the 1934 extent of the grave! pit and the excavated graves
added. None of the more diffuse features found is shown.
3, 1. 20. 2 The excavations
The report does not describe the method of excavation, but
considering Stenberger's thoroughness in subsequent excava-
tions and the fact that none of the features found was visible
above ground it seems most probable that the entire area was
excavated. Nevertheless, four further graves were found in
the cleared area in 1935- Stenberger made consistent use of a
levelling instrument and a sieve.
The area of excavation was located next to the ruins of
the farm house, and the northern half of the area bore traces
of previous cultivation. A couple of dark sunken features,
interpreted by Stenberger as the vestiges of destroyed crema-
tion graves* were the only features found in this area. Four
workmen assisted Stenberger in the excavations,
3. 1. 20,3 The finds
Stenberger's Barshalder finds of 1934 are kept at SHM un-
der inventory number SHM 20845- They were found to be
in good condition in April 1995-
3.1.21 Stenberger 1935
The Road Council continued to delve into the Barshalder
gravel in cemetery section 1 . Stenberger returned to the ceme-
tery in 1 935 and excavated 1 4 graves in ten days: 26-27 Au-
gust, 3-5 September and 9-13 September.
3 J .2 M The documentation
Stenberger's 15'page typed folio report including a location
plan, twelve grave plans and l4 photographs is kept in the
ATA with diary number 4660/1935^
The report is fairly detailed, with good finds lists. How-
ever* some graves are described only very briefly, and two (Bhr
1935:10 & l4) lack any form of illustration whatsoever.
3, 1.2 L2 The excavations
Again* the report says nothing of the method of excavation,
but this time the photographs show that the area was indeed
completely stripped. Stenberger was assisted by between four
and six workmen. The area of excavation area had previously
been cultivated.
3. 1. 2 1. 3 The finds
As the first County Archaeologist for Gotland, Stenberger was
interested in enlarging the collection at Gotlands Fornsal and
made a request on behalf of the museum to the Board of Na-
tional Antiquities to be given the finds of 1 935- The finds from
twelve of the graves were accessioned by Gotlands Fornsal and
given inventory number GF C3654, On Ture Arne's advice, the
unusual finds from Bhr 1935:01 and Bhr 1935:1 1 were entered
into SFlM's inventor}' under number SHM 21242, but none-
theless immediately transferred to Gotlands Fornsal on long-
term loan {GF Dep 1393). The outcome of these administrative
acrobatics was that all the finds of 1935 ended up in Visly,
37
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
3.1.22 Stenberger 1936
The Road Council gravel pit in cemetery section 1 conti-
nued to expand. Berween 28 Augusr and 3 September 1936
Stenberger excavated 1 6 graves here.
3. 1 ,22. 1 The documentation
Stenbergers eleven-page typed folio report including a loca-
tion plan* l4 grave plans/section drawings and 13 photo-
graphs carries diary number ATA 371 9/1 936. The grave num-
bers continue on from the series used the previous year-
3. 1. 22. 2 The excavations
The photographs show that the entire area was stripped. The
grave fills were sieved. Stenberger was assisted by an unspeci-
fied number of workmen supplied by the Road Council.
The report contains no exphcit statement as to whether
the area had been previously cultivated* but Stenberger offers
"agriculture ' as an explanation to the dilapidated state of Bhr
1936:23. Considering the fact that the adjoining area exca-
vated in 1935 had been cultivated, the graves of 1936 had
most probably also suffered plough damage,
3. 1. 22.3 The finds
The finds from Stenbergers excavations at Barshalder 1936
carry inventory number SHM 21540, In May 1995 they were
found to be in good condition.
3.1.23 Stenberger 1937 & 1938
In 1937 Stenberger spent 23-24 September excavating a limi-
ted area north of the expanding Road Council gravel pit in
cemetery section 1. He found only one grave* and that had
partly collapsed into the pir's easrern side. Returning in 1938,
he spent 20 May searching the already stripped remaining
part of the plot without finding any graves.
3. 1 .23. 1 The documentation
Stenbergers single-page typed folio report of his work at
Barshalder 1937 including a location plan and grave plan
carries diary number ATA 3780/1 937. The report for 1938
is numbered ATA 2105/1938,
3. 1. 23. 2 The excavations
Stenberger documented the undisturbed part of Bhr 1937:31
and sieved the deposits that had collapsed into the grave! pit.
3. 1. 23.3 The finds
The finds carry inventory number SHM 21880, and were in
May 1995 in good condition.
3.1.24 Bohrn 1936 & E93S
In a letter to the Board of National Antiquities dated 28
October 1936 (ATA 4227/1936), O.V. Ohisson asked for
part of a cairn at the edge of Uddvide sandstone quarry in
cemetery section 4 to be excavated in order to provide quar-
rying space for the winter, A sketch plan of the site accompa-
nied the letter.
Erik Bohrn (1906-1993) was dispatched in November
and spent a day excavating the threatened edge of the cairn
(Raa Grotlingbo 49:l)i albeit without finding any burial.
Three hearths (fig, 2: 1 ) were noted at the quarry edge, with-
out any traces of bones. Charcoal concentrations of this kind
were common in the quarry area according to the workmen.
In the autumn of 1 937 an agreement was made with the
quarrymen to postpone the final excavation of the cairn un-
til the spring of 1938. On 23 March the quarry owner sent a
request* which was subsequently repeated* for the removal of
a grave* and Bohrn returned to the site on 20 April. It turned
out that the quarrymen were no longer interested in the area
of the partly excavated cairn, instead wanting a different one
removed. Bohrn spent the day excavating the new cairn (Raa
Grotlingbo 50), discovering two burials,
3,1.24,1 The documentation
Bohrns two-page typed folio report of his work in 1936 is
kept at ATA under diary number 4533/1936. Appended to
the report are four photographs: one of the cairn and three of
the hearths* a sketch plan and a contour plan of the cairn
surface. The documentation is considerably lacking in detail,
making even the size of the cairn uncertain. Its position was
pinpointed on Bohrns location plan drawn during excava-
tions two years later.
The excavations 1 933 are documented in a four-page typed
folio report under diary number ATA 1824/1938. Appended
to it are a location plan, grave plan* detailed plan and nine
photographs. The photographs give a valuable view of the
quarry in relation to the surrounding field walls and buildings,
3- 1 .24.2 The excavations
The photographs and Bohrns descriptions show the quarry
to have been expanding over a once-cultivated part of the
cemetery, where the stones of the less robust structures had
been stacked onto a few large graves, thereby forming good-
sized clearance cairns. These cairns were imposing enough
for the quarrymen to identify them as graves and call in the
archaeologists.
Bohrn sieved the grave fills. The bones from Bhr 1938:01a,
which had been previously disturbed, were re-interred at the
site; those from the intact Bhr 1938:01 bwere brought in with
the rest of the finds.
3. 1. 24.3 The finds
FindsGFC8913.
3.l.25Arbman 1939
In a letter to the Board of National Antiquities dated 25 March
1939) O.Y Ohisson reported that a gravel extractor had
38
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
shown him a damaged scone cist ac the Kaldakern gravel pit
in cemetery section 5- An excavation permit was issued to
Marten Stenberger* but ic was the ad interim County Ar-
chaeologist Holger Arbnian (1904-1968) who went to Fide.
He spent two days* 21 and 27 July, excavating a triple grave
and planning the gravel pit.
3. 1 .25. 1 The documentation
Arbman's four-page typed report including a location plan,
grave plan and four photographs carries diary number ATA
3035/1939^
3.L25.2The excavations
T^'o of the inhumations had been robbed and completely
destroyed less than two weeks before Arbman's arrival. O.Y
Ohlsson offered to try and find the culprit, but nothing seems
to have come of this,
3. 1. 25.3 The finds
Finds SHM 22359^
3.l.26Arwid5son 1947
Olof V Ohlsson died in the summer of 1 940. The War did
not touch Gotland, although it seems to have prevented ex-
cavations for several years, and considerable damage was done
to cemetery section 6 (see section 3.2.5). It was not until
1 947 that archaeology was resumed at Barshalder, this time
by Greta Arwidsson (1906-1998), She succeeded Stenberger
as County Archaeologist, and was director of Gotlands Fornsal
1946-1956.
On 12 April Arwidsson paid a visit to Mr Verner Gustafs-
son, owner of the house in cemetery section 2 where the rich
Migration Period grave (Bhr 1930:07} had been found in
1930, Inspecting the garden, Anwidsson noticed several dis-
turbed and threatened graves visible above ground, and
Gustafsson handed over numerous artefacts that he had found
in the potato patch and while digging post holes for a fence.
Arwidsson concluded that the majority of the threatened
graves required immediate excavation.
Her next visit to Grotlingbo, however^ concerned another
part of the cemetery: section 4, Uddvide sandstone quarry.
The quarry had continued to expand since Erik Bohrn's 1 93B
excavation, and another of the large clearance cairns (Raa
Grotlingbo 49:2) was now threatened. Arwidsson spent 4-6
and 8 September excavating it (fig, 3:7}.
The excavations in Gustafsson's garden took place over
the period 22-23 October. Lacking workmen, Arwidsson
confined her excavations to an area north of the house where
Ffg.3:7 Bhr I 9-47:01 in cemelery sectjon -4 seen from the N djnng excavation. Beyond the grave is seen the isolated northernmost modern quarry of
Uddvide and the roofs of houses located on the eastern srde of the main road near the parish boundary. Photograph by Greta Arwidsson I 947(ATAneg.
I99G;42).
39
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
the owner was planning to install a drain pipe. She found
two graves, a secondary deposit ot grave goods and disturbed
Neolithic deposits.
During her October fieldwork at Grotlingbo, Arwidsson
learned chacMrAnselm Johansson of Roes had collected finds
from a grave that had collapsed into the parish gravel pit
(cemetery section 1) in the spring. Arwidsson inspected the
site without finding any remaining traces of the grave, and
collected Johansson's finds. Johansson subsequently received
a letter from the Board of National Antiquities reminding
him of his legal obligation to report all prehistoric finds to
the authorities.
On 9 September, Arwidsson inspected the Kaldakern
gravel pit in cemetery section 5 and found a partly destroyed
grave. Returning on 25 October she excavated what was left,
noting traces of the grave's almost entirely destroyed super-
structure. A northern limit for the fairly small-scale gravel
extraction at the site was established in the SW corner of the
plot.
3- 1 ,26. 1 The documentation
Arwidsson kept a fieldwork diary of her activities on Gotland
1945^1956, comprising twelve small cloth -bound notebooks.
Together with her other papers they were transferred from
the Department of Archaeology, University of Stockholm to
ATA in the autumn of 2000 (Gronvall 2002). The informa-
tion in her archive reports has been checked against the field-
work diary and a few details omitted from the reports have
been added to the present text and catalogues,
Arwidsson's two -page typed letter-format report from the
April inspection carries diary number ATA 2006/1947. It
contains detailed descriptions of the visible graves at the house
and the circumstances of the finds.
Arwidsson's three-page typed folio report from the exca-
vation of the cairn at Uddvide quarry carries diary number
ATA 0600/1948, It includes two grave plans and four pho-
tographs.
The excavations at Gustafssons house are documented in
a five-page typed folio report under diary number ATA 0746/
1943. It includes a location plan* grave plan and two photo-
graphs.
Arwidsson's two-page typed letter-format report on
Anselm Johansson's collapsed grave carries diary number ATA
51 65/1 947 and is filed under Norrkvie.
The Kaldakern inspection is documented by a two-page
typed letter-format report (ATA 4092/1947). The two-page
tj'ped folio excavation report including a plan and photo-
graph carries diary number ATA 0849/1 949- Only in a letter
describing the limit of gravel extraction (ATA 4825/1947)
does Arwidsson in passing pinpoint the location of the exca-
vated grave, a lapse in her otherwise good documentation.
The excavation reports designate the graves in various
ways, and in the catalogue I have numbered them in order of
excavation. The finds from Gustafsson's garden include one
identifiable grave assemblage, which has been listed after the
excavated features. The assemblage from the grave destroyed
by Anselm Johansson has been placed last in the year's num-
ber series.
3.1.26.2 The finds
All the finds of 1947 from Grotlingbo are kept at Gotlands
Fornsal (GF C9538, C9584, C9582 & C9536). The finds
from Kaldakern are kept at SFIM under inventory number
SHM 24097,
During the inspection at Kaldakern in September,
Arwidsson found a knife broken into four pieces at the spot
described on Arbman's 1959 plan as "remnants of mounds
with stone paving". The knifes subsequent fate is unknown.
3. 1. 27 Arwidsson [950
In 1 949 the edge of the Road Council's gravel pit in ceme-
tery section 1 had completed the northward journey it began
in 1927 over the assigned plot, and a new site was needed.
The Road Council had bought an area of Roes 1:31 as part
of its earher acquisition, and now wanted to start working it
for gravel. Unfortunately, this area contained yet another part
of the cemetery, cultivated since the mid-1 9i:h century but
still sporting two standing stones {Raa Grotlingbo 43-44, fig.
3:2}. To the southwest of the old pit was the largest reason-
ably intact part of the cemetery; to the northwest the gravel
ridge petered out, and there was no other suitable deposit in
the area, Greta Ar\\'idsson saw no other choice than to recom-
mend the Board of National Antiquities to issue a permit for
gravel extraction (letter ATA 1722/1949). The permit was
issued to the Road Council on 30 March 1949-
On 27 May 1 950 a group of geography students on a
surveying field trip from the University of Uppsala discov-
ered damaged graves at the Uddvide sandstone quarries in
cemetery section 4. They alerted Arwidsson who inspected
the site two days later. Nothing further came of this, how-
ever, as the quarries were not being worked at that particular
time (letter ATA 2824/1957).
Arwidsson returned to Barshalder on 22 August, exca-
vating two disturbed graves. One had partly collapsed into
the southern end of the Road Councils depleted gravel pit
on the Norrkvie 1:16 plot, the other was found in the field of
Roes 1:31. The reason for the latter excavation is unclear,
3, 1 .27, 1 The documentation
The grave at Norrkvie 1:16 is described in a single-page typed
letter-format report, illustrated only by means of a location
plan (ATA 1230/1954}.
The grave at Roes 1:31 is described in a single-page typed
letter-format report with a grave plan and two photographs
(ATA 1227/1954}. Arwidsson refers to the location plan in
the Norrkvie 1:1 6 report for the grave's location.
40
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
These terse reports both belong Co a backlog of which
Arwidssoii worked to rid herself in 1954. This probably ex-
plains her slightly uncharacteristic close-niouthedness.
3. 1. 27.2 The excavations
No graves were visibly threatened at the large Uddvide quarry
where Bohrn had worked in 1938 and Arwidsson in 1947.
The new damage had been done with the re-opening of small
quarries further toward the SS^ Arwidsson found t^^'o partly
disturbed cairns and, further to the SSW, a truncated stone-
covered charcoal layer. Burnt bone fragments and a potsherd
were found on one of the damaged cairns.
The standing stones are documented in a t\\^o-page typed
letter-format report including two plans and four photographs
(ATA 661 7/1955)- Arwidsson was apparently content with
Nihlen's plan of the area from 1931 , as she did not choose to
draw one of her own.
3 J. 29, 2 The excavations
Arwidsson was assisted during both of her visits to Barshalder
by the Gotlands Fornsal caretaker* Ejnar Johansson (1892-
1969). On 31 May they worked between 2:00 and 10:30
pm, Evald Gustafsson assisted them during the work with
the standing stones.
3.L27.3Thefinds
The finds of 1950 are all kept at GF.
Those from Uddvide quarry carry in-
ventory number C9673; those from
Norrkvie 1:16 C9890; and those from
Roes 1:31 C9883.
3.l.28ArwJd5son 1951
Greta Arwidsson did not forget the
threatened graves in Verner Gustafsson s
garden in cemetery section 2, She re-
turned in 1951 and excavated a single
grave, a stone cist that had been partly
visible above the turf for years,
3. 1 .28. 1 The documentation
Arwidsson's two-page typed letter-for-
mat report including a location plan,
grave plan and section drawing carries
diary numberATA66l6/1955. This is
yet another terse backlog report, and the
first Barshalder report to be counter-
signed by Erik Nylen.
3. 1.28.2 The finds
Finds GFC10176.
3. 1.29 Arwidsson 1952
In 1952 Arwidsson excavated two fur-
ther graves in Gustafsson's garden over
three days: 26, 27 and 31 May. Returning on 22 July, she spent
the day excavating at the base of the two standing stones (Raa
Grothngbo 43-44, fig, 3:2) in the plot assigned to the Road
Council's new gravel pit.
3- 1 .29. 1 The documentation
The graves in Gustafsson's garden are documented in a three-
page typed letter-format report including a location plan,
grave plan, section drawing and six photographs (ATA 6618/
1955).
Fig. 1:6 Bhr I 952:0 1 ir\ cemetery secljon 2 seen from the NW during excavation. Beyond the stone
setting IS the area concealing the graves Bhr 1 967:36-43^ betv/een the Ro|rhage I :l hojse and the
Roes quarry.The rubble at the base of the tree with the bird box marks the edge of the quarry.
Photograph by Greta Arwidsson I 9S2 (ATA neg.A2SI:22l ).
The photographs show the stones to have been in no
immediate danger: the gravel pit edge was nowhere near them.
The stones themselves were retained with the idea of re-erect-
ing them in the courtyard of Gotlands Fornsal's new pre-
mises in Strandgatan. However* in the summer of 1 996 they
were still lying beside grave mound Raa Grothngbo 42 at the
northern edge of the gravel pit.
Arwidsson used conflicting number series in her two re-
ports. In the catalogue 1 have numbered the graves in order
of excavation.
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
3. 1. 29.3 The finds
The finds from Gustafsson's garden C3.rcy inventory number
GF CI 01 75' Those from rhe excavation ofche standing stones
cs.Try inventory number GF C10177.
3.l.30Arwldsson 1954
Passing along the road by Kaldakern gravel pit in cemetery
section 5i Greta Arwidsson noticed two damaged graves in a
newly ploughed field bet^^'een the road and the Kaldakern
gravel pit. She devoted 28 July 1954 to their excavation.
3. 1 .30. 1 The documentation
The graves are documented in a t\\'o-page typed letter-for-
mat report including a map excerpt, location plan» and two
grave plans and section drawings {ATA 2855/1956),
3. 1. 30. 2 The excavations
Arwidsson was assisted in the excavations by Ejnar Johansson
and a student named Sven Hedin,
3-L30.3Thefinds
Finds SHM 25445,
3.1.31 Arwidsson 1957 & 1958
In 1956* Greta Arwidsson was appointed Nils Aberg's succes-
sor as Professor ot Archaeology at the University of Stockholm.
This marked the end of her decade as Gotland's one-woman
heritage management and rescue excavation unit, and here her
fieldwork diaries end. She did not* however* stop working on
Gotland immediately. It seems that she kept her customary
vigil there during the summer vacations of 1957 and 1958-
Arwidsson visited the Barshalder gravel pits in cemetery
section 1 at least twice during 1 957* on 9 May and again in
August, inspecting the pit edges and excavating four graves.
Erik Nylen inspected the gravel pits on 25 October 1957
and prohibited further gravel extraction along the NW edge
of the parish pit until at least 1958. On 6 August 1958,
Arwidsson returned and excavated a further grave.
3. 1 .3 I . I The documentation
As with most of Arwidsson's other Gotlandic work dating
from these two years* the Barshalder excavations were never
written up, and the documentation known to me is scanty.
Until an additional field diary is found* details relating to
many of Arwidsson's activities will remain obscure. The first
evidence of her work in Grotlingbo 1957-1958 came to
light in 1998: a copy ofNihlen & Atterman's plan of 1931,
now at ATA (5896/1 999)i onto which had been made cor-
rections and additions. On the plan* Arwidsson documented
the extent and directions of expansion of the grave! pits,
the state of preservation of the drystone field walls and other
observations. Presumably in I960 an arrow with the note
"N.B.! —60" was added to the plan indicating further east-
ward gravel digging into a previously destroyed area close
to the road.
In 1 999i Arwidssons papers from her universit}' years were
found in a filing cabinet at the Department of Archaeology'*
and later transferred to ATA. With regard to the Barshalder
excavations 1957-1 958, they include four annotated A3 field-
work plans, a location plan of the gravel pit, and six photo-
graphs together with negatives showing Bhr 1958:01 (ATA
2871/2001), No descriptive notes have been found, despite a
quite painstaking search. Finds from these excavations re-sur-
faced in February 2001 from the basement of the Archaeologi-
cal Research Laboratory, University of Stockholm, The label-
ling on the boxes and on scraps of paper among the finds has
added important information relating to the excavations.
This patchy field documentation presents a number of
problems. Of the five graves, only three are marked on the
location plans. Bhr 1957:01 is known only to have been lo-
cated on the Norrkvie property and cut by the gravel pit* which
points to a location near Bhr 1957:02-03. The plan of Bhr
1958:01 includes obscure references to Arwidsson's local refer-
ence system of 1 957, and this grave appears to be identical to
one sketched in beside Bhr 1957:02 on the plan of that grave.
Ofthe graves containing artefacts* Bhr 1957:01 lacksawhoUy
identifiable plan and section drawing* and Bhr 1 957:02 lacks a
section drawing. As to the source-critical quality of the artel^ct
combinations, no finds Lsts have been found. Three ofthe com-
binationsappear plausible, while that of Bhr 1957:01 combines
(a) a burnt Early \tndel Period female assemblage with (b) an
unburnt Early Viking Period female assemblage. There are five
sets of cremated bones, one for each hnd-yielding grave and an
unia belled set that may derive from Bhr 1957:01.
3, 1 .3 1 .2 The excavations
The finds make it clear that a sieve was used. On 9 May
1957* Arwidsson collected a few finds from a "disturbed grave"
located somewhere on the Norrkvie property. These finds
are part ofthe burnt assemblage from Bhr 1957:01 * so here
Arwidsson probably first collected the finds that had collapsed
into the gravel pit, excavating the extant part ofthe structure
at a later date. Bhr 1957:02 was excavated in August 1 957*
Bhr 1958:01 on 6 August 1958.
For some reason* Arwidsson marked only her first finds
and those from Bhr 1 957:03 with the name ofthe property
involved (Norrkvie); the rest are referred to simply by the
parish name and the date. This is highly uncharacteristic and
may indicate that she was not sure what property she was on
in the shifting landscape ofthe gravel pit,
3,1.3 1. 3 The finds
Arwidsson brought these and other finds from Gotland 1957-
1958 to the department in Stockholm. Other work then seems
to have prevented her from finishing the reports. Kristina
Lamm recalls that during the Cuban missile crisis Arwidsson
42
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
instructed her students in how the finds from Gotland should
be evacuated if World War III broke out. They are now kept
at SHM pending final allocation. The metalwork was con-
served in 2001 (ATA1112/2001).
3.1.32 Manneke 1959
The Uddvide sandstone quarries in cemetery section 4 con-
tinued to expand, in 1959 threatening yet another great clear-
ance cairn grave. Peter Manneke (1 932-) spent 14 days, 8-18
and 22-24 June, excavating this monument under Erik Nylens
supervision.
3. 1. 32.3 The finds
The tlnds carry inventory number SHM 26713 and were in
good condition in May 1995-
3.1.33 Hager I960
The Road Council planned a westward expansion to the
1 930s' gravel pit in cemetery section 1 , into an area expected
to hide numerous graves. Karin Hager (1 9350 worked at the
site during the period 3 October - 29 November I960, su-
pervised on a weekly basis byNylen, A large area was stripped^
and nine of the graves exposed were excavated.
3- 1 ,32. 1 The documentation
ErikNylen (1913')» Greta Arwidsson's successor as the operative
head of field archaeolog)' (although not as Count)' Archaeologist)
on Gotland* championed a dramatic improvement in documen-
tation standards on the island (cf Nylen & Ambrosiani 1964).
The excavation rate in 1959* one grave in l4 days* should be
compared to Arwidsson's two graves per day five years previously,
andconsequendythe 1 959 documentation is exceptionally good.
It carries diary number ATA 4729/1 961 and consists of a three-
page typed A4 report including a very detailed finds list; and ten
pages of photographic plans (produced by vertical photography},
seaion drawings and other photographs collected in an A3 ring
binden The numerous photographs include views of the grave in
successive states of excavation. The photographic plans have trans-
parent overlays showing absolute heights and find numbers.
Binders of this kind became the standard report format
in Gotlandic archaeology for 20 years. Unfortunately* they
are an archivist's nightmare* of unwieldy size and combining
a range of materials with different archival requirements. To
boot* it turned out that the glue used to mount the photo-
graphs and photographic mosaics does not age well* so by
the 1990s most of the reports were falling apart. Those at
ATA were then restored using heat adhesives, their pages be-
ing divided among different archive folders according to
material type.
The otherwise brilliant documentation of 1959 does not
include a location plan. It states only the subsequently altered
land-registry property number, although the photographs show
enough of the surrounding houses and field walls to enable an
approximate location to be ascertained. The explanation for
this lapse is that the cairn was already entered on the National
Ancient Monuments Register as Raa Grothngbo 48 and shown
on the Economic Map* enabling its location to be pinpointed.
The excavations of 1959 mark the single most significant
improvement in documentation standards in the history of
the Barshalder excavations,
3-L32.2The excavations
Manneke was assisted by workmen provided by the owner of
the quarry* Sven Eklund of Grotlingbo* and by Mr Edward
Bra^ of Stockholm.
3, 1 .33. 1 The documentation
Hager's 17-page typed A4 report carries diary number ATA
1 599/1963. In addition to the detailed descriptions of struc-
tures and finds it is accompanied by the hallmark Nylen A3
ring binder full of plans, semi-transparent overlays* section
drawings and photographs. A copy of the report is stored on
RAGU microfilms #1 & #4. In January 1 965 , Gustaf Trotzig
excavated the contents of the bronze sheet bowl found in
Bhr 1960:07. His three-page typed A4 report carries diary
number ATA 2791 /I 965- Trotzig's photographs are included
in the same binder as those of the main report.
3, 1. 33. 2 The excavations
A feature of Nylen's new order was the practice of stripping large
areas in advance, and then excavating the graves found there
over several years thereafter. The southern half of the I960 area
was stripped by hand, and for the hrst time at Barshalder a me-
chanical excavator was used for the rest. According to Gustaf
Trotzig in 1995* the strangely untouched ribbon of land be-
tween the northern end of the stripped area and the gravel pit
was possibly an area used to dump the overburden; it is hoped
only after it had been cleared under archaeological supervision.
The area had previously been cultivated and the grave
superstructures removed to build stone walls. This is clearly
shown on the photographs, in contrast to the dense clusters
of stone cairns immediately south of the excavated area, on
the other side of a wall.
Peter Manneke assisted Hager toward the end of the ex-
cavations.
3 J. 33. 3 The finds
The finds carry inventory number SHM 27296 and were in
good condition in July 1995- Pre-conservation photographs
of the finds are included in the report.
3.1.34 Manneke 1960-61
Road works touched upon the Barshalder graves in more ways
than through the need for gravel. In November 1 960 prehis-
toric structures (probably identified first byway of disturbed
bones from Bhr 1960:09) were revealed during work on the
road embankment at Verner Gustafssons house in cemetery
43
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
section 2, This property^ had been parcelled our in 1955 un-
der [he name Rojrhage 1:1. Peter Maiineke imniediacel)' ex-
cavated the structures closest to the road, which included six
burial deposits, at the Road Council's expense.
Meanwhile^ farmer Rikard Larsson asked Gotlands Fornsal
for permission to resume gravel extraction on a small scale in
the common gravel pit west of O. V Ohlsson's old house in
cemetery section 1. Turf was removed under archaeological
supervision over a 1 5 bv 1 5 metre area* but nevertheless on
l4 December w/o cremation pits were found and slightly
damaged during gravel extraction. It is uncertain whether
they were actually located within the bounds of the cleared
area. Peter Manneke was summoned and excavated both
graves.
In 1961 , excavations proceeded into the garden at Rojr-
hage 1:1 (fig. 3:9)* where 29 graves and a number of Neolithic
features were excavated. Apparently, this extension of the ex-
cavations was not motivated by any particular destructive
threat beyond gardening, but rather by the curiosity aroused
by the rich finds of 1 960 and previous excavations at the site.
3. 1 .34. 1 The documentation
The documentation from Man neke's Barshalder excavations
I96O-6I is presented as a 45-page typed A4 report dated
25 January 19^3; a two-page typed A4 report, dated 20
March 1964, on the two gravel pit graves is appended. The
reports carry diary numbers ATA 2863/2001 and 0174/
1 999. The text is accompanied by two A3 ring binders full
of plans, semi-transparent overlays, section drawings and
photographs. Copies of the reports are stored on RAGU
microfilm #1 6.
The report lacks a location plan for the excavated area,
although the grave locations can be pinpointed satisfactorily
from the individual plans. This exercise reveals a number of
stratigraphic relationships neither mentioned nor adequately
interpreted in the report, e.g. that between Bhr 1961:16 and
196l:40, Photographic plans from the subsequent 1963-67
excavations further into the garden were used and incorpo-
rated into the plans for 1961^
For some obscure reason, the report and fmds from these
excavations languished among those from many others in
the archives and stores of the Visby excavation unit's subse-
quent incarnations until October 1 996, when I received the
kind permission of Catharina Nilsson to take them to SHM
for registration and fuid allocation as part of my doctoral
work.
In the catalogue, Man neke's graves have been renumbered
and appended to the number series for 1 960 and 1961 estab-
lished in Hager's and Trotzigs
reports.
3. 1. 34-2 The excavations
During the excavation of the
graves near the house, Manneke
documented a number of fea-
tures of the Neolithic site indi-
cated from 1930 onwards in
grave excavations. The graves
were cut into and superimposed
upon Neolithic deposits. How-
ever, it seems that the grave
structures were not systemati-
cally removed after excavation
in order to reveal all the extant
Neolithic features. This may
have been due partly to the ab-
sence of a mechanical excava-
tor, but occurred more probably
as a consequence of tacit priori-
tisation.
3. 1. 34.3 The finds
Pre -conservation photographs
of the finds are included in the
report. According to a label they
were conserved in May 1978.
Fig. 1:9 The excavations of I 961 at the Ro|rhage I ;l property in cemetery section 2, seen by a photographer
standing at the southern end of the trench. Bhr 1961; I S in the foreground. Photograph by Peter f^nneke 1961 The finds are now keot at SHM
(ATA).
44
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
Fig, 3: 1 OThe excavations of I 963-1967 at the Rojrhage f ; I property in cemetery section 2, seen
by a photographer standing at the northern end of the trench. A continuous artificial stone layer
covered the area, concealing Iron Age graves and Neolithic deposits (cf. fig. 3:1 I). Photograph by
GustafTrotzig 1963 (ATA).
pending final allocation. In the summer of 1 998 man)' of the
iron objects were flaking with rust, buc the bronzes were in
gooii condition. Three soil blocks had been lifted during the
excavation of Bhr 1961:19- These were excavated in 1996
and 1998, without adding ^ny new ty^pes of find to the grave
assemblage.
3.l.35Trotzig 1961
Work continued in 1961 on the large area stripped the previ-
ous year to the west of the Road Council gravel pit in ceme-
tery section 1, GustafTrotzig (1937-) spent 19 June to 8
September excavating 19 graves and photographing the sur-
face deposits of several more in advance of their excavation
the following year.
3.1.35.1 The documentation
Trotzig's 57-page typed A4 report carries diary number ATA
5I8I/I963. Appended to it are two A3 binders containing
photographs* plans and section drawings. A copy of the re-
port is stored on RAGU microfilm #2.
Like all the members of Nylen's team, Trotzig made very
few functional interpretations of structures and spatial finds
relationships in his report. Stratigraphic determinations v^'ere
also left to the reader. This is typical of the unfortunate ten-
dency at the time to exclude perfectly well-grounded obser-
vations from the reports in the name of
objectivity. Although the quality of the
reports' documentation permits interest-
ing observations to be made* it is an
unfortunate waste of labour and first-
hand knowledge that the excavators'
ow^n interpretations were excluded. Trot-
zig has subsequently published his in-
terpretations of those graves that con-
tained copper alloy vessels (1991a)-
3, 1 ,35.2 The excavations
Trotzig was supervised on a weekly ba-
sis by Nylen and assisted by three stu-
dents. The entire area had been stripped.
3.L35.3Thefinds
The finds carry inventory number SHM
27739 and were in good condition in
August 1995- Pre -conservation photo-
graphs of the finds are included in the
report.
3,L36Trotzig 1962
The excavations in the area stripped in
i960 in cemetery section 1 were com-
pleted in 1 962, GustafTrotzig spent the
period 5 June to 29 September excavat-
ing 1 6 graves at the Road Councifs gravel pit, Norrkvie 1:16.
3, 1 .36. 1 The documentation
Trotzig's 46-page typed A4 report carries diary ntmiber ATA
2719/1965. Appended to it are three A3 binders containing
photographs, plans and section drawings. A copy of the re-
port is stored on RAGU microfilm #4.
3 J. 36. 2 The excavations
Supervised by Nylen on a weekly basis* Trotzig was assisted
by his wife, Eva Trotzig, and two workmen. The entire area
had been stripped,
3,1 .36,3 The finds
The finds carry inventory number SHM 27778 and were in
good condition in August 1995- Pre-conservation photo-
graphs of the finds are included in the report.
3.L37Trotzig 1963 at the gravel pit
Renewed gravel extraction in the eastern common part of
the gravel pit complex (fig. 3:5) in cemetery section 1 had
damaged three graves. GustafTrotzig spent July and August
1963 excavating these and the closest three graves beyond*
which would be next in line as gravel extraction progressed.
45
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
3. 1 .37. 1 The documentation
Troczig's 13'page typed A4 report carries diary number ATA
2790/1965. Appended to it is an A3 binder containing pho-
tographs, plans and section drawings. A copy of the report is
stored on RAGU microfilm #4.
ErikNylen was a strong proponent of photographic docu-
mentation, especially the production of plans by vertical pho-
tography. This method is excellent for fairly even surfaces,
but Trotzig encountered a distinct disadvantage with it when
documenting the Barshalder grave cuts. Due to perspective,
the ground surface and the base of each grave cut were not
represented at the same scale on the photographic plans* thus
"shrinking' the grave contents. Starting in 1 9^3, Trotzig pro-
duced a set of successive photographic plans showing each
cut as it was being exca-vated, with the ground surface shown
at a scale of 1 :20. A final, supplementary plan was niade show-
ing the base of each cut at 1:20.
3. 1. 37.2 The excavations
Trotzig was supervised by Nylen on a weekly basis and as-
sisted by workmen provided by Havdhem council.
3,1 .37,3 The finds
Finds SHM 27779- Pre -conservation photographs of the finds
are included in the report.
3.l.38Trotzig 1963-1967 at Rojrhage E:l
Manneke's 1961 fieldwork in the garden at Rojrhage 1 :1 in
cemetery section 2 had secured opulent finds but ruined the
site from a gardener's point of view. Further excavation and
restoration of the garden was planned for 1962, but never
came to fruition. Mr Gustafsson, the owner, then presented
KVHAA with an ultimatum: either pay for the damage, buy
the property or face legal action. Nylen saw this as an excel-
lent opportunity to excavate an aristocratic part of the cem-
etery dating from the Migration/Vendel Period transition
under unhurried conditions. At his suggestion KVHAA
bought tKe property in 1 963 (KVHAA 1 974: 1 24-1 26).
Excavations continued in the garden, and the house was
leased to a series of tenants who caused the new owners end-
less trouble through late rent payments, complaints about
the lack of heating, and unauthorised costly plumbing work.
In 1975) after years of these troubles, the property was sold
Fig. 1:1 I The northarn end csf the excavations of 1 963-1 967 at the Ro|rhage hi property Ir cemetery section 2, seen by a
photographer facing north with his back to the dwelling house. The covering stone layer has been removed, revealing a
number of graves with Bhr I 967:09 in the left-hand foreground and the mound Bhr I 967:33 at the far end of the trench.
Photograph by GustafTrotzig I 963 (ATA).
46
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
ro the lar^st r^nanr, one imagines to the property manager's
great rehef.
Gustaf Trotzig set co work in 1963 using KVHAA fund-
ing. He extended the excavations further into che garden, first
NE of the house and then SW of it. Work seems to have been
concentrated to the summers of 1963 and 1967 with some
activity in 1965- The stratigraphic sequence was comphcated,
and a continuous layer of stones (fig. 3:10, cL KVHAA
1974:125) covered the entire area. At the close of excavation
4l graves and extensive but largely amorphous Neolithic re-
mains had been documented (fig. 3.11). The excavation of
Bhr 1967:33, the grave with the largest superstructure, was
delegated to school teacher and amateur arcliaeologist Henry
Bendegard (1909-1975) in 1967.
3. 1 .38. 1 The documentation
Following the excavations Trotzig was promoted and moved
to Stockholm^ taking his documentation with him. He soon
discovered the central offices of the Board of National Anti-
quities to be ill equipped to handle the kind of almost entirely
photographic documentation produced on Gotland under
Nylen. Thus, Trotzig could not finish his report as planned.
The documentation froze in an early state of post-excavation
work and remained so for 30 years. It consists of a neatly typed
finds list; a set of loose leaves from Trotzig's field book with
sketches and jottings, the latter consisting mainly of height
calculations made in conjunction with a levelling instrument;
a disintegrating vertical photographic mosaic covering part of
the site at an early stage of the excavations (cf Nylen &
Ambrosiani 1 964, fig, 43); a very few hand-drawn plans and
sections; a set of pre-conservation photographs and negatives
of the finds; and, finally and most importandy, a binder con-
taining innumerable caption I ess black-and-white photographic
negatives, both obliques and verticals, covering every single
inch of the site. Accompanying descriptive text, however, is
almost entirely lacking. I have prepared an archive report on
the basis of the present catalogue {ATA 0612/2002).
With this state of affairs, it seems meaningless to report the
number of photographic plans and photographs relevant to
each excavated grave. Suffice to say that in the case of an even
mildly interesting Iron Age structure, the numbers are high.
The documentation has come down to the present day with-
out any selection taking place — the number of extant photo-
graphs per grave is many times greater than that normally in-
cluded in a finished RAGU photographic report. Addition-
ally, there are two or even three negatives for each view, due to
the practice of repeated snapping for good measure.
Bhr 1967:33 at first disappeared along with Bendegard,
its excavator. On 1 August 1 979^ however, Inger Hammar in
Visby completed a full standard A3 RAGU report on this
grave. The report was then placed in the vaults where I found
it in 1 996, It is now at ATA (061 2/2002) with the rest of the
documentation from Trotzig's work at Rojrhage 1:L
A single number series was used throughout the five years
of excavation and is repeated in the present catalogue. For
ease of use and due to the difficulty of ascertaining the exact
year of excavation for many of the graves, all grave numbers
here are prefixed with the final year of the excavation, 1967-
Some uncertainty surrounds the number of picture-stones
recovered during the excavations. The field documentation
mentions only one such stone, found beside Bhr 1967:03
(Nylen & Lamm 1987#78). Nylen & Lamm, however, also
list a second stone (#79) from Rojrhage, albeit without in-
formation as to its find circumstances. This may actually be a
consequence of the parce!ling-out of property Rojrhage 1:1
in 1955' Greta Arwidsson found a picture-stone (#89) at the
site in grave Bhr 1952:01b. The entries for #79 and n^9 in
Nylen & Lamm's tables are very similar, and they probably
both refer to Arwidssons stone.
3-L38.2The excavations
The area NW of the house w^as occupied by a potato patch
and showed no signs of preserved graves. The trench was there-
fore never extended around the house into this area. This
potato patch was the one about which 0,V. Ohlsson had
warned the authorities when it was being planned in 1 930. It
is shown on the plan of the inspections 1957-1960. Mr
Gustafsson, the landowner until 1963, told stories of having
to get rid of "barrowloads of barrel hoops" found in the po-
tato patch (Trotzig 1980:193 & personal communication).
These barrel hoops sound painfully like the folded swords
and seaxes so typical of Vendel Period graves. Seeking refuge
from the rain in the garden shed one day, Trotzig happened
upon an Early Vendel Period harness-strap buckle lying in a
box of screws and nails.
The limits of the trench were roughly determined by the
potato patch to the NW, the road to the SE, and Roes quarry
to the SW. As shown by the straight trench edges, however,
no attempt was made to investigate the exact extent of these
disturbances, in fact, the main rationale behind the trench
layout was to clear graves from the fenced garden surround-
ing the house.
Turf removal was performed in stages, and extensive
stripped surfaces were sometimes left for over a year before
the excavation of their graves was finally undertaken. Thus,
in 1 967, Bendegard started his work on Bhr 1 967:33 by clear-
ing the secondary vegetation that had sprouted in the trench.
The final bout of turf removal took place in September 1967,
at which time Bhr 1967:44 was spotted in a half-stripped
state at the NE edge of the trench while the excavations w^ere
in the process of being closed. In Trotzig's notebook the page
following the notes on this final turf removal includes a rough
sketch of sunken Neolithic features A-D {Bhr 1 967:46-49)^
The location of the sketch in the notebook shows that they
were discovered very late and presumably excavated very hur-
riedly.
47
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
3. 1. 38.3 The finds
Despite the lack of an excavation report the finds were
acquisitioned. hy SHM (inventor)' number SHM 32623).
Theywerere-conserved in 1995 (ATA 0736/1995). Pre-con^
servarion photographs of the finds are kept together with the
field documentation.
3.l.39TrotzJg 1965 at the gravel pit
In the late summer of 1 964* Trotzig opened a c. 5 m wide strip
north of the area excavated in cemetery section 1 in 1963.
Three graves were identified and marked with stones at both
ends pending their excavation the following summer. Nylen
visited the site in the autumn and met Anselm Johansson, who
was extracting gravel from the area excavared in 1963. This
was the man who had found the contents ofBhr 1947:08 col-
lapsed into the southern end of the gravel pit* objects which
were submitted to the authorities balf a year later when Greta
Arwidsson heard of them from Johansson's neighbours. Nylen
showed Johansson the exposed graves and stressed that they
were in no way to be disturbed. Around January 1965 Rikard
Larsson* who was responsible for the common gravel pit area,
again told Johansson about the unexcavated graves in the
stripped area and showed him how far north of the current pit
edge he could remove gravel with respect to the graves.
On 1 9 March 1 9^5 Erik Lundberg inspected the site and
found that most of the stripped area had been dug away, in-
cluding the three graves. Three further graves had also been
cut into and were visible in the sides of the gravel pit, Anselm
Johansson turned out to be the culprit: he had dug the area
away in early March* claiming to have been unaware of any
graves until he saw those in the as yet turf-covered area. Fur-
thermore, he added that he had not had the time to report
the matter to Trotzig, This outline of events is based upon
notes Trotzig made following an informal interview with those
involved after the damage had been discovered (letter to the
Board of National Antiquities dated 1 September 1965, ATA
5003/1965). Ill September 1995 Trotzig told me that he had
searched the spoil heaps in the vicinity* without result. If the
gravel had been intended for concrete manufacture* then
Johansson would have had to exclude the organic grave-fill
contents from his load, but as it was to be used for road con-
struction it made no difference. An experienced gravel man
like Johansson could easily have seen the difference between
excavated and unexcavated graves.
The matter was reported to the police, who questioned
Johansson on 18 February 1966, He repeated that he had
been unaware of any graves, adding that the ground had been
covered by snow at the time. He further argued that the gravel
pit had been in use for generations, although conceded that
be should have reported the damaged graves to the authori-
ties. The excavator driver, Gerhard Norrby, was questioned
four days later and supported Johansson's statement {inquiry
record ATA 1500/1966).
Stories about Johansson w^ere still current among the lo-
cals in the summer of 1995 — He just took gravel no matter
what, and then you saw skulls rolling along the road where
he had driven his load'.
Trotzig excavated the three disturbed graves (Bhr
1 965:01 ab-02) during the period 5-9 July and 6-10 Septem-
ber 1965' Thirty years later* in September 1995, he remem-
bered very little of the three unexcavated graves stripped in
1964 and destroyed in 1965i but could clarify his original re-
port on the following points. All three identified graves showed
up as oblong inhumation cuts of the same kind as the sur-
rounding graves. The report's statement about "at least three
graves" was phrased with regard to the fact that two closely
adjacent single graves are hard to differentiate from a single
grave before excavation. Only three features were identified*
and each may or may not have been a double grave. All in all*
one can conclude that the finds from at least three complete
graves (Bhr 1965^03-05) and rhe sourhern portions of Bhr
1965:01ab-02 ended up beneath the surface of the road to
Point Stapeludden in Grodingbo, provided that Johansson and
Norrby did not actually collect anything from the gravel.
During work at Rojrhage 1:1 in cemetery section 2 that
same summer* Trotzig happened to notice a threatened slab
cist {Bhr 1965:06) situated close to the standing stone at the
SW edge of the gravel pit (fig, 3:4). The standing stone had
been re-erected by Harald Hansson in 1928, This cist* too,
he excavated.
3, 1 .39. 1 The documentation
Trotzig's eight-page tj^ped A4 report on Bhr 1965:01ab-02
carries diary number ATA 2454/1966. Appended to the re-
port is an A3 binder containing photographs and plans. No
drawn sections are included, but there are photographs of
the grave sections visible in the side of the gravel pit. A copy
of the report is stored on RAGU microfilm #5^ In 1998, I
found a plan marking the location of the other* destroyed
graves among Trotzig's papers* and added it to the report at
ATA.
The slab cist by the standing stone is documented only
by a scale 1:10 plan and four photographs, which were kept
among Trotzig's papers until 1 998 (ATA 061 1 /2002), Its lo-
cation is pinpointed in relation to the standing stone. The
grave was named 1/65 at the time of excavation, and has
been appended to the number series for 1 965 in the present
catalogue as Bhr 1965:06.
3, 1. 39. 2 The excavations
Trotzig was assisted during the excavations of Bhr 1965:01 ab-
02 by Christina Bendegard* daughter of Henry Bendegard.
3. 1. 39.3 The finds
The finds from Bhr 1965:01ab-02 carry number SHM
28043, Those from Bhr 1 965:06 are in SHM pending final
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
allocacion. Pre -conservation photographs of the finds are in-
cluded in the report,
3.l.40Trotzig 1966 at the gravel pit
Between 1 3 June and 30 September 1 9^6* Trotzig conducted
the last major excavation campaign at the gravel pit in cem-
etery section 1 . He excavated 27 graves* eleven other features
and a 50 n^" scatter of nine Neolithic flint fragments and
ringed seal bones.
3. 1 .40. 1 The documentation
The documentation from these excavations suffered the same
fate as that of Trotzig's work 1963-1 9^7 in cemetery^ section
2. It has never been written up completely* and the rich pho-
tographic material is accompanied by hardly any elucidating
text from the time of the excavations. There is, however, a
finds list. Trotzig made an A3 photo binder and wrote two
incomplete sets of grave descriptions in 1992 and 1996, The
graves have been published in Trotzig 1 991a and WKG, with
a location plan in Trotzig 1979- I have prepared an archive
report on the basis ofthe present catalogue (ATA3341/2001).
Extensive special documentation was made of Bhr 1966:27e
when its textiles were investigated (cf Pettersson 1963).
3. 1. 40. 2 The excavations
Hardly any information relates to how the excavations were
performed. By this time Trotzig's methods were standardised,
and we may safely assume that they were similar in 1 966 to
those of previous years at Barshalder. Two things should be
pointed out. Trotzig did not document the limits of these
excavations. Nor did he remove the stone field walls on the
site, although he broke through a wall at one point to expose
Bhr 1966:12. Thus the potential location of a sixth periphe-
ral pit associated with Bhr 1966:01 was left unexamined.
However, when undetected graves did turn up in 1968 and
1971 (see below), they were not found beneath the field walls.
3-L40.3Thefinds
The grave finds carry inventory number SHM 32181, the
Neolithic finds SHM 32182. Pre-conservation photographs
ofthe finds are kept with the field documentation,
3.1.41 Manneke 1968 and Par Hansson 1971
As gravel extraction proceeded through the area in cemetery
section 1 cleared by Trotzig during the excavations 1966, a
number of previously undetected graves turned up. At least
four graves were more or less destroyed in the process: Bhr
1968:01, Bhr 1971:01 -02 and a pro bable fourth grave kno^vn
only from a stray penannular brooch. Trotzig had left Gotland
for a position at the central offices of the Board of National
Antiquities in Stockholm* so these rescue excavations were
performed by Peter Manneke in 1963 and Par Hansson
(1932-1997) in 1971. Manneke excavated his grave in one
day, 2 April 1968. Hansson 's excavations took nine days and
were for some reason spread out over the period 1 7 June to 3
November 1971.
The fact that all three documented graves contained rich
finds indicates a situation resembling the tip of an iceberg,
where Anselm Johansson and the other gravel extractors no-
tified the authorities only when they found something too
interesting to ignore. Indeed, human bone fragments were
found in 1972 in a gravel heap on property Roes 1:28 or
1:3K No subsequent artefact finds have, however, been re-
ported from the gravel pits. In 1 973 Henry Jakobsson and
Anselm Johansson were given permission to tidy up the gravel
pit at Roes 1:28/31 , provided that all dicing be overseen by
an archaeologist (ATA 2746/1973).
3 J. 4 1. 1 The documentation
These concluding excavations at the gravel pit are documented
in two standard RAGU A3 reports, containing rich photo-
graphic documentation, Manneke's two-page typed A4 re-
port with a three-page typed A4 addendum by Trotzig on
one ofthe finds, a metal vessel, carries diary number ATA
4469/1990. The four-page typed A4 report for 1971 was
completed by Inger Hammar in 1979 (ATA 4469/1990).
Manneke^s documentation is far better than Hansson's. Nei-
ther report contains an original location plan. Only an ex-
cerpt reproduced from Trotzig 1 979 is included.
3. 1. 4 L2 The finds
Finds SHM 321 83 & 321 84. Pre-conservation photographs
ofthe finds are included in the reports,
3.l.42Aldenmo 1971
When Par Hansson began work on 1 7 June 1 971 at the gravel
pits in cemetery section 1 he was visited by Goran Aldenmo
(1951')- Aldenmo was an historically minded tourist who
rode his moped at 5 o'clock each, morning from his parents'
summer house inTofta to sundry excavation sites. He worked
as a volunteer for RAGU and was employed as an assistant at
Burge in Lummelunda parish among other sites.
Aldenmo made a habit of checking the edges of gravel
pits and quarries for ancient remains. This he did at Barshalder
too, and at the southern edge ofthe island in the parish gravel
pit he found the site of illicit, recent small-scale gravel extrac-
tion that had cut a number of cremation pits. This island is
all that remains ofthe promontory depicted on the plans of
1927 and 1931. Par Hansson was occupied at the northern
end ofthe gravel pit and let Aldenmo take care ofthe crema-
tion graves. He found seven sunken features and secured fmds
from five of them, all in one day's work.
3, 1 .42. 1 The documentation
In October 1 996 I transported all the finds and documenta-
tion from Grotlingbo and Fide that I could locate at RAGU's
49
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
offices in Visb)' ro SHM in Stockholm, leaving onlv materi-
als relatLLig to Peter Mauneke's excavations at Udilvicle Quarr)'
I9B4-1989.
Among the material brought to SHM was a small collec-
tion of finds, photographic negatives and field notes from
Aldenmos excavations. This was the first forgotten fieldwork
at Barshalder that I encountered: Aldenmo's work had left
no trace whatsoever in other archives, verv much like
Arwidsson'swork in 1 957-1 95S. Goran Aldenmo himself ver)'
kindly filled in the blanks in his fieldwork archive (telephone
conversation, spring 1997), enabling me to write a five-page
A4 report on his excavations {ATA 4796/1993),
Some of Aldenmo's graves have been renumbered in the
present catalogue to create a single sequence beginning with
Par Hansson's graves of I97K
3-L42.2The excavations
Aldenmo searched the deposits that had collapsed into the
gravel pit, collected al! artefacts he could find, drew four sec-
tions, took twelve photographs and excavated the remains of
the graves in section. Whether he used a sieve or not is un-
certain — many of the collected fragments are very small but
in 1 997 Aldenmo remembered nothing of any sieve. Only
one of the finds labels records "sieve find" whereas most of
the others state "stray find from the collapsed deposits', all in
Aldenmo's hand. A location plan was made using a surveying
instrument, apparently shortly after the excavations. Then, it
seems, all that happened with the archive before 1996 was
that the photographs were processed and some of the artefacts
quickly conserved.
3. 1. 42.3 The finds
The finds are kept at SHM pending final allocation.
3.1.43 Excavations after [971
After 1971* all find-yielding excavations at Barshalder have
concerned Uddvide sandstone quarry in cemetery section 4
[the only exception being my own work in 1997). From 1976
to 1 989 archaeological excavations here gradually moved 230
m SSW along the road, with the quarry edge following close
behind. Starting at the edge of the old quarry at the NNE
boundary of property Uddvide 1:20, work eventually came
to a halt at the parish border. The width of the excavation
trench grew from 23 m at the NNE end to nearly 90 m at the
SSW end. The grave numbers on Claesson & Ostman's plan
of 1976 were used for the visible structures, while graves hid-
den by the turf were numbered from 2300 onward.
During the period 1976-1 979, Karin Aija (1946-) exca-
vated 43 graves (Aija 1977, 1978, 1979a. 1979b, 1980a,
1980b), Her report (ATA 2853/2001 and RAGU microfilm
#19), dated 27 January 1981, fills four A3 binders. Two fur-
ther binders contain field documentation. The finds are kept
at SHM pending final allocation.
In 1982, Stefan Bergh (19550 excavated three graves
(Bergh 1 982, #1 909, #2333, #2334}. His report (ATA 5268/
1985 and RAGU microfilm #1 7} occupies an A3 binder, and
another binder contains field documentation. Finds SHM
32395^
In 1983, Gunilla Wickman-Nydolf (1950-) excavated
nine graves {Arkeolo^ i Sperige 1^82-19^3, p. 518), Her nearly
complete but not fully organised A3 report and field notes
are at ATA (2884/2001). The finds are kept at SHM pend-
ing final allocation.
During the period 1984-1989, Peter Manneke excavated
a large but uncertain number of graves, possibly c. 70 (Arkeo-
%'/5;'m;^fl984;Mannekel984,1985,1986, 1987, 1983a,
1988b, 1983c, 1939, 1991; Sigvallius 1988). No archive re-
port has been written. The field documentation and finds
are kept at Gotlands Fornsal.
In 1 990 Manneke oversaw the digging of a 20 m" con-
struction trench along the north-western wall of the house at
Rojrhage 1:1 in cemetery section 2 {Arkeologi i Sverige
1990:316; ATA 2672/1990). The spoil was sieved but no
finds were made. No archive report appears to have been
written.
In 1991 Manneke exposed a disturbed grave beneath the
road leading to the poultry farm at the northern end of Roes
1 :36 in cemetery section 3 (Manneke 1 995, ATA 7623/1 990).
The grave turned out to be too large to excavate with the
funds available, and was therefore covered again with earth
and enough gravel to protect it from harm.
In 1992 Manneke oversaw the digging for a drain pipe
leading from the poultry farm (Manneke 1995)- No signs of
ancient remains were revealed.
In 1 997 I excavated the easternmost mound in cemetery
section 6 (centreco-ordinatesX 1651975. 30, Y6333O23.9O)
in order to get a chronological handhold in this rather un-
touched part of Barsbalder {Rundkvist 1997b, Rundkvist in
press b, ATA 4053/1997). Except for some decorated pot-
tery, artefact finds were scarce, but the superstructure was
intricate. Pottery and structural features indicate a date in
Eggers's phase B2of the Early Roman Iron Age, that is c. AD
70-160.
3.2 Section by section
Judging by the testimonies of Linn^us, Ekdahl and Fegraeus,
grave robbing was common at Barshalder throughout the 18th
and 1 9th centuries. Large-scale destruction of the cemetery's
surface through agriculture, quarrying and gravel digging,
however, appears to have begun only in the early 19i:h cen-
tury. This process can be followed using maps and plans of
varying detail across the cemetery's seven sections. The num-
ber of excavated graves in each section varies considerably
(table 3a),
50
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
Table 3a.
Excavations at Barshalder, excludin
g amateur finds.
Compare with
End Graves
the somewhat inaccurate list in
Archaeologist Site
Lmdquisc 1 9SS;24.
Cemetery section
13 3 4 5 6
Report
7
nvno
1026 13
Ekdahl
7 7
1 ? ? ?
? ATA
HM 00404
lesi 14
Guiiafion
Gbo
7 7
ATA& Gu^Ealsan 1905:99-110
HM 07501
ieS3 23
Gustafson
Fide
- -
- - a
14 ATA £ Guscalson 1905:111-139
HM 07501
1999 50
Laurin
Gbo gravel pk
50 -
.
ATA
HM 10939 B
1920 16
Arne
Roes quarry
-
16 - - -
ATA
HM 16598
1921 G
Hanssan H
Raa Fide 3
- -
_ . _ .
ATA 0130/1921
HM 16693
1927 10
Hans^on H
Gbo gravel pit
13 -
.
ATA 4043/1937
HM 19055
1927 1
Arne
Gbo gravel pk
1 -
.
ATA 3393/1937
HM 19055? (only bone^j
1920 4
Hanssan H
Gba gravel pk
4 -
-
ATA 3300/1938, I7G3/1932,
5299/1920
HM 19055
I92S !
Hansfon W
Kaldakern
- -
- - 1 -
ATA 5399/1938
HM 19055
1930 S
Hanssan H
Gbo gravel pk
S -
-
ATA 4005/1930
HM 19535
m\ 20
Nihiert
Gbo gravel pk
19 1
.
ATA2900/J93I
HM 19766
1934 3
Slertberger
Gba gravel pk
3 -
.
ATA 4300/1934
HM 30045
1935 14
Stenberger
Gbo gravel pk
14 -
.
ATA 4660/1935
HM 31242 &GF C08654
1936 16
Slertberger
Gbch gravel pk
16 -
.
ATA 3719/1936
HM 31540
1937 ]
Slertberger
Gbo gravel pk
1 -
.
ATA 3780/1937
HM 3IS0O
1930 1
Bc^hrn
Uddvide quarry
-
- 3 - -
ATA 1024/1938
GFC089I3
1939 1
flrbmarf
Kaldakern
- -
- - 1 -
ATA 3035/1939
HM 33359
1947 4
Arwidsson
Gbo
- 3
- 3 - -
ATA 0600/1948, 0746/1948
GF C09583 S GF C09504
1947 1
Arwidsson
Kaldakern
-
- - 1 -
ATA 4093/1947, 4025/1947,
0849/1949
HM 34097
1950 2
Arwidsson
Gba gravel pk
3 -
.
ATA 1327/1954 & 1330/1954
GF C09083 &GF C09G90
I9SI 1
Arwidsson
Rojrhage 1:1
- 1
.
ATA 6616/1955
GFCI0I76
1953 4
Arwids^on
Gbo
3 3
.
ATA 6610/1955, 6617/1955
GF C10I75 SGF CI0I77
1954 3
Arwids^on
Kaldakern
- -
- - 3 -
ATA 2055/1956
HM 35445
1957 4
Arwids&on
Gba gravel pk
4 -
-
ATA 2071/2001
HM pertdir^ alloc
1950 1
Arwidsson
Gbo gravel pk
1 -
.
ATA 2071/2001
HM pendic^ alloc
1959 1
Mann eke
Uddvide quar^
-
1 - -
ATA4729/I96f
HM 36713
1960 2
Hanneke
Gbo gravel pk
3
.
ATA 0174/1999
HM pending alloc
I9A0 II
Hager
Gbo gravel pk
II -
_
ATA 1599/1963,2791/1965
HM 37296 & GF CI0330
I9AI 26
Hanneke
Rojrhage 1:1
- 36
.
ATA 2063/3001
HM pertdir^ alloc
1961 20
Trotzig
Gba gravel pk
2& -
.
ATA 5181/1963
HM 37739
1963 16
Trotiig
Gbo gravel pk
16 -
.
ATA 3719/1965
HM 37778
1963 b
Troizig
Gba gravel pk
6 -
.
ATA 0083/1965, 3790/1965
HM 37779 & GF Dep 1440
1965 4
Trotzig
Gbo gravel pk
4 -
_
ATA3454/l966,06ll/2002
HM 30043 &im pendir^ alloc
1966 20
Trotzig
Gbo gravel pk
23 -
-
ATA 3341/2001
HM 33101. 33182
1967 1
Bende^ard
Rojrhage 1:1
- 1
.
ATA 0613/3002
HM 33633
1967 40
Trotzig
Rojrhage 1:1
- 40
.
ATA 0613/3002
HM 32633
I960 1
Hanneke
Gbo gravel pk
1 -
.
ATA 4469/1990
HM 33IG3
1971 5
Aid en mo
Gbo gravel pk
5 -
-
ATA 4796/1998
HM pendic^ alloc
1971 2
Hanssan P
Gba gravel pk
3
.
ATA 4469/1990
HM 32IB4
1979 40
Ajja
Uddvide quarry
-
- 48 - -
ATA 2053/2001
HM pertdir^ alloc
I9S3 3
Bergh
Uddvide quarry
-
- 3 - -
ATA 5360/1905
HM 33395
I9S3 ?
Widmark-Nrdolf
Uddvide quarry
-
- 9 - -
ATA 3084/2001
HM pending alloc
1989 7(1
Hanneke
Uddvide quarry
-
- m - -
Not finished
iF pending alloc
mi 1
Rurtdkvist
Ganh^en
-
- - - 1
ATA 4053/1997
HM pendic^ alloc
Sum
342 GO
17 135? 13 1
22
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
3.2.1 Cemetery section I. Parish gravel pit
A large part of cemetery section 1 was settled and cultivated
by two farmsteads in the 19th century (cf section 3.1.6).
The farmers cleared a field at the northern end of the ceme-
tery, named it Rorakern, "the cairn field", and used the stones
from the grave superstructures to build field walls. Subse-
quently* from the Laga Skifte c. 1890 until the end of 1971,
the parish grave! pit gradually expanded across most of
Rorakern, with rescue excavations taking place continually
along the pit edges. The plan in fig, 1 1:2 combines all avail-
able maps and plans of the gravel pits from the Laga Skifte
until 1976, Subsequently, the gravel pit's northern corner has
been backfilled using earth and construction debris.
Because of this gravel pit, more than half the graves exca-
vated at Barshalder until the end of 1971 were located in
cemetery section 1 (cf table 3a). Since then, however, no
praves have been excavated here.
a tenant in 1975. No graves have been excavated here by
professionals since 1967.
The original house measured 5-3 x 4.1 m, as shown on
the plan of 1 927, From the 1 947 excavation plan onward its
dimensions are given as 96 x 6,4 m. The enlargement was
preceded by an extension to the NW side of the original cot-
tage, documented on the 1931 plan. Bhr 1930:07 came to
light when the cellar for this extension was dug. The area
covered by the original cottage can be seen in the form of the
cellar-less area under the southern part of the house docu-
mented during the excavations 1963-1967. Here both Bhr
1967:43 and the Rojrhage 1:1 private collection (decontex-
tualised finds probably recovered during the 1970s) were
found. The original cottage seems to have had stone founda-
tions with a crawl space under its suspended floor. This en-
abled access for both professional and amateur investigations
under the house.
3.2.2 Cemetery section 2, Rojriiagen
Cemetery section 2 has been spared large-scale destruction,
with the exception ot the encroachment of Roes Quarry on
its southernmost corner in the early 20th century. The ma-
jority of the numerous finds from cemetery section 2 were
excavated following the relocation of a house to the roadward
end of this cemetery section in 1925^ In 1955 property
Rojrhage 1:1 was parcelled out from Uddvide Samfallt, the
southern part of the parish gravel pit plot. Small rescue exca-
vations took place on Rojrhage 1:1 in 1930-31, 1947 and
1951^52 due to the fact that it was now a garden. Large-scale
archaeological excavation took place in 1960-1967, first res-
cue work connected with road widening, then a research ex-
cavation prompted by the rich finds, 0\'er time, the trenches
came to cover an area measuring approximately 700 ni". Such
were the horticultural consequences of the excavations that
the National Heritage Board was forced to buy the property
in 1963 (KVHAA 1974:124-126), subsequently selling it to
Table 3b. Excavated graves at Barshalder,
per decade, excluding amateur finds.
D«cad« No. of txciv- graves
IflSOs
36
IB90s
50
IfOOs
l?IOs
m^s
40
\mz
62
1740s
&
1950s
I&
If6{}s
155
1970s
55
IfSOs
03?
\mi
1
3.2.3 Cemetery section 3. Roes quarry
This section of the cemetery was badly damaged hy Roes
quarry and the establishment of a farm during the decades
either side of 1900. Two great poultry barns were added in
the 1960s and 70s. The remaining graves are separated from
a previously cultivated area to the west by the base of a thick
stone field wall of 1 9th century type. A metal detector survey
of the cultivated area in July 1 996 failed to produce any ob-
jects older than the farm itself {ATA 6516/1996). Hilfeling
recorded graves east of the road in 1 799^ bur no visible traces
of such features remain above ground today. Very few com-
plete excavations of graves have taken place in cemetery sec-
tion 3, and none at all since 1920,
Already at the time of Gusrafson's excavations in 1 881
the cemetery had apparently been cut in t\\'o by disturbances
in cemetery section 3. The distance between the two closest
currently visible structures SSW and NNE of the breach is
120 ni. While the cemetery probably originally continued
without interruption along the road, it was apparently not
very wide at this point. Rather* it would have been confined
to the top of the ridge. The Late Mesolithic site {Raa
Grodingbo 193, ATA 6516/1996) west of the quarry in the
poultry farm garden plot does not appear ever to have been
covered by Iron Age graves, and only Mesolithic finds came
to light when the barns were built.
Cemetery section 3 is dominated by the great Gullbacken
barrow which has inspired so much comment and specula-
tion since the early 18th century (Bhr 1826:12* Jonsson
1 979)- The identification of Gullbacken as the find spot of
the cemetery's two gold bracteates is erroneous (see section
3.1T3.1), Actually* they originate from Bhr 1930:07 and
1 967:43. While Gullbacken is still very imposing* little seems
to remain of the original monument. The barrow's core has
been hollowed out and contains seven stone-walled potato
cellars with sandstone roof slabs supported by timber beams.
52
3. Recent History of the Cemetery
The barrow had been near!)' destroyed by cellars at least as
early as 1852 {Carl Save 1852:l4l)* and one is possibly shown
in the mound already on Hilfeling's 1799 plan. The cellars
were showing signs of collapse when I examined the barrow
in July 1996. The barrow's north-western edge is shown al-
ready to have collapsed into the abandoned quarry on a plan
of 1964, According to Ekdahl* Gullbacken was 3.0-3.6 ni
high in 1826. Arne records its height as 2.85 ni in 1920. At
present it is still c. 2.9 in high.
3.2.4 Cemetery section 4. Uddvide quarry
In cemetery section 4 lies the farmstead of Uddvide 1:6, which
was probably established in the 1820s, The fields WNW of
the farmstead are still ploughed. The forested area SW and
SSWof the buildings is honeycombed with abandoned, over-
grown and undocumented sandstone quarries that appear to
have been used most intensively during the decades either side
of 1 900. Limited quarrying continued throughout the middle
decades of the 20th century {figs, 2:1 , 3:3 & 3:7; Lundstrom
1954 fig. 26). Subsequently the south -eastern most part of the
Uddvide 1:20 property, that situated along the road, was quar-
ried intensively during the 1970s and 80s. All excavations in
this section of the cemetery have taken the form of rescue work
in advance of quarrying: sporadic from 1920 to 1959* then
more intensive during the 1970s and 80s. Since the 1950s,
local historians have made several short-lived attempts to es-
tablish a quarry museum at the southern end of Roes quarry
immediately north of the farmstead, efforts advertised by a
memorial stone at the site (Raa Grotlingbo 208).
The excavations in 1 989 ended abruptly when planned quar-
rying was cancelled. A large area of exposed, mostly excavated
graves between the currently water-filled quarry and the parish
border was left open to the elements. As these graves are intri-
cate, beautiful structures of the Late Roman Iron Age and Early
Migration Period, this is now that part of the ceme-tery most
worth visiting. It is located immediatelyadjacenttoahugedump
of quarried rock, which is easily visible from the road.
3.2.5 Cemetery section 5. Kaldakern
This is the worst preserved section of the cemetery. Only
seven certain graves are visible above ground today, owing to
the area having been cultivated, quarried and used for gravel
extraction. Gustafson's excavations here in 1382 took place
while the section's graves were being destroyed by cultiva-
tion, but before they had been obliterated entirely. The gravel
pit near the parish border was the focus of modest rescue
excavations from 1928 to 1954,
The quarries on property Fride 1:5 to the SSWhave been
backfdied, partly with sawdust from the carpentry factory at
Fidenas. The area has subsequently been allowed to become
overgrown. The resulting ground surface has the surreal
springiness of a dry bog and is probably rather dangerous. In
1 960, Henry Wessman bulldozed here in order to establish a
timber yard, thereby probably destroying the last graves in
the northern third of Raa Fide 33. These graves had previ-
ously been severely damaged by quarrying and by military
activity during World War II (ATA41 11/1961), In July 1996,
Bengt Hafdell informed me that prior to the bulldozing, large
mounds had been situated on the property, similar to the
ones across the road in cemetery section 6 (Raa Fide 18).
One of the workers had been assigned the task of re-interring
the bones they had found. There had, however, been no men-
tion of any artefact finds, and a friend of Flafdell's who par-
ticipated in the work failed to find any antiquities when he
returned to search at the end of the day.
3.2.6 Cemetery section 6. Gatthagen
Oddly, across the road from the sad ruins of cemetery sec-
tion 5 is Barshalder's best -pre served and least-excavated sec-
tion, section 6, Except for a few small sand pits along the
road, the ground surface appears to have been untouched
since the Iron Age. The only recorded excavation here is my
own in 1997 that revealed a single grave mound within a
stripped area measuring 64-5 m^ -
3.2.7 Cemetery section 7. Fidenas
Here, the cemetery meets the small modern village of Fidenas
with its houses, gardens, fields, abandoned quarries and
closed -down small industries. Modest excavations took place
in 1882 and 1921, after which no further graves were exca-
vated. During the period between the two editions of the
Economic Map c. 1 945 and c. 1975) the northern w/o thirds
of Registered Ancient Monument area Raa Fide 33 along the
western side of the road was destroyed. This happened with-
out archaeological involvement and was due to the industrial
activities of Henry Wessman, Anselm Johansson and their
associates in the carpentry and stonework businesses (Jakobs-
son 1982).
Small-scale excavations took place in the early 1990s at
the enigmatic platform-like structure of Raa Fide 37. This
monument is situated north of the crossroads at Fidenas, c.
130 m SW of Barshalder's southernmost visible grave, mound
Raa Fide 33. Peter Manneke and Waldemar Falck had hoped
to find the remains of 1 2th- 13th century fortifications, but
found neither artefacts nor any easily interpretable structures
(personal communication, Waldemar Falck 10 July 1996).
There appears to be no excavation report.
53
4.The Stone Age
4. The Stone Age
Four Stone Age sires are known from Barshalder. Situated in
cemetery sections 1 * 2 and 3^ the sites range in date from the
Late Mesolithic. c. 5000 cal BC, to the Late Neohthic, c. 2000
cal BC- During this period the area of Fide and Of a parishes
was inundated* and Barshalder was thus situated on the south-
ern coast of the main island of Gotland. The Stone Age sites
are discussed in a separate work (Rundkvist et al. in prep),
which focuses mainly on the Neolithic finds from property
Rojrhage 1 : 1 in cemetery section 2. These finds constitute the
majority of the Stone Age material known from Barshalder,
A number of Neolithic features have been excavated in
conjunction with Iron Age graves at Barshalder* and many of
the latter feature residual Neolithic finds. These finds and
features are included in the catalogue in section 10.2. Nine
radiocarbon determinations have been made on bones from
ostensibly Neolithic contexts at Rojrhage 1:1 * and, as some
of them shed light also on the probable date of the Iron Age
graves overlying the Neolithic deposits* the results are pre-
sented here in table 4a. Only one burial of an earlier date than
the Roman Iron Age is known from Barshalder: the Late Neolithic
or Early Bronze Age cist Bhr 1 927:08,
Table
4a. Radiocarbon dates
Rm 54,Ro|rhage I;
Lab no Sample
no
1 ,Grotlingbo parish, Gotland. Excavated
Context 5"C
1 byTrotiig
AgeBP
I9&3-I967,SHM 32623.
Stddev Date cal Id
CoTrected date,
RE = -250yeafsBP
Corrected
period
Ua-16500
1
Pig, dens. E3
-33.8
443S
70
3300-2930 cal BC
-
MNA
U9-IA50I
3
Ovicaprid^ dens, Gl
-33.5
1230
65
710-990 cal AD
-
I.A.VII-VIII
Ua-IA502
4
Grey seal, b. tymp.» Gl
-33.7
3010
110
2460-2Q4Q ai BC
2040-1740 calBC
LN III
Ua-IA503
6
Harp seal, b. lymp., F4
-19.3
4A50
100
3630-3S70 ^3l BC
3330-3900 calBC
MNA
Ua-li504
G
Human» dens, Fl
-32.0
1730
100
MO-430 cal AD
-
I.A. IV-VI
Ua-IASOS
10
Ovicapnd, tibia, HO
-23.3
1330
eo
A40-8I0 cal AD
-
I.A.VII
Ua-l7S4S
fl
Cattle, deniJI-2
-33.0
4335
65
3020-2800 cal BC
-
MNA
Ua- 17546
13
Ringed seal, dens» G5
-IJ.O
^670
60
3S2^-im czl BC
33IQ-3920 calBC
MNA
Ua-17547
M
Grey seal, dens, HI
-17.0
4575
75
SSOQ-HOQ al BC
3090-3S70 cal BC
MNA
54
S.The Roman Iron Age
S.The Roman Iron Age
TKc Roman Iron Age finds recovered from Barshalder by the
end of 1971 are too few to nieric much discussion on rheir
own. This chapter is offered simply as an aid to future research.
5.1 Finds and excavated graves
up to the end of 1971
By the end of 1 971 in terms of excavations conducted by profes-
sional archaeologists and 1997 regarding finds made by ama-
Table 5a. Finds of Roman iron Age date from Grotlingbo
and Fide parishes.
Provenance
Bhr IS26:0I
Bhr im-M
Bhr im-M
Btir IS26:09
Bhr IS2b:ll
Bhr 1893:57
Bhr 1920:01
Bhr 1920:07
Bhr 1927:07
Bfir I92G:06
Bhr I9]e:07
Bhr 1938:01a
Bhr 1938:01b
Bhr l94J:0la
Bhr 1947:01b
Bhr I9S9:0I
Bhr 1967:33
Bhr stray
Bhr stray
Bhr stray
Bhr stray
InvNo.
Ctm-sect Proptrty
16598 UddvideOI
16598 Uddvide07
19055:07
GF CG5^2
GF C6707
GF C89I3
GF CG9I3
GF C95Gil-6
GF C95Gi7-e
SHfl 36713
SHM 33633:33
GF CG573-a576
GF (8977
GF C9673
Priv zt>\\ Hallgren
Dat« Gender
BC
BC
Anderse 1:4
Uddvide 1:30
Uddvide 1:30
Norrkvie l:IA
Uddvide 1:30
Uddvide 1:30
Uddvide 1:30
Uddvide 1:30
Uddvide 1:30
Uddvide 1:6
Rojrhage 1:1
O^cerby 1:6
J
?
Uddvide 1:6
BC
BC
BC
CI2
CI3
C3
Gl
CI2
CI3
CI2
C3
C
C3
teurs* Barshalder had produced 24 provenanced assemblages chat
included artel^cts dated using the typology of AEG to the Ro-
man Iron Age* in other words to Montelius periods IV-V and
E^ers periods B-C (table 5a)- A total of 1 7 of these assemblages
are more or less well-documented grave finds, Barshalder aside,
Fide and Grotlingbo parishes produced nine provenanced as-
semblages chat included Roman Iron Age artefacts, many of
which were probably originally looted from the cemetery. The
finds recovered by the end of 1 971 are evenly distributed across
the entire period. Numerous Roman
Iron Age finds, mainly from the latter
part of the period* were made in cem-
etery section 4 (Uddvide quarry) du-
ring rescue excavations there in the mid
to late 1970s and the 1980s; and in
1997 one grave of Early Roman Iron
Age date was excavated in cemetery sec-
tion 6 (see section 3. 1 .43). None of the
other cemeteries in Fide or Grotling-
bo parishes has yielded any graves of
the period, with the possible exception
of find spot Raa Fide 40, which is lo-
cated 670 m south of the southern end
of the Barshalder cemetery
Source
quality
Rite
I
f
f
f+
f
frem
frem
inh
crem
frem
inh
crem
azm
inh
frem
crem
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
frem
"f+" indicates a
female grave with a
transgressed male
attribute.
Bhr stray
SHM 3393
1-3
G3
Bhr ilray
SHM 7670:31
3-^
C3
BFir stray
SHM l&609:l
1
C
Gbo stray
GF C7301
-
Sandes
C3
Gbo stray
GF C76II
-
Lund a
CI2
Gbci stray
KLM \W
'
I
C
Gbo stray
^riv coll Lar^son Rikard
Norrkvie 5:1
C3
Gbo stray
HM 9335
B3
Gbo stray
HM 10928:4
C3
Gbo stray
HM II32I
CI2
Gbo stray
HM 13156:6-12
CI2
Fide stray
HM 16447
Nygranne l:3S
B
5.2 Topographic
distribution
Roman Iron Age finds have been made
at Barshalder in cemetery sections 1 » 2, 4,
6 and 7. By far the majorit}' of these finds
were made in section 4 (Uddvide quarry)^
which is situated in the middle of the cem-
eierj'. The nearly two kilometre long dis-
tribution of graves strongly indicates that
the current road dates back to at least the
middle of the Roman Iron Age: the tran-
sition between Montelius period IV-V
andE^ersB-C, in themid-2nd cenmry
AD,
55
6. The Migration Period
6. The Migration Period
6.1 Finds and excavated graves
up to the end of 1971
By the end of 1 971 in terms of excavations conducted by profes-
sional archaeologists and 1997 regarding finds made by ama-
teurs* Barshalderhad produced 67 securely provenanced assemb-
lages that included artefacts dated using the typology^ oi' VWG
to the Migration Period, in other words to Montelius period VI
(table 6a). A total of 35 of these are more or less well-docu-
mented grave assemblages. Barshalderaside* Fide and Grotlingbo
parishes produced 16 securely provenanced assemblages that
included Migration Period artefacts (excluding hoards* see the
index in section 13.1). Many of these were probably originally
looted from the cemetery itself The Barshalder cemetery fmds
appear to be evenly distributed across the entire period. Further
Migration Period fmdsof early date were made in cemetery sec-
tion 4 (Uddvide quarry) during rescue excavations there in the
mid to late 1970s and 1980s (see section 3.1.43). The only indi-
cations of Migration Period burial at other sites in the vicinity
are the burnt stray finds (GF C3921-3922) from Balshage at
the Garnsviken inlet in eastern Grotlingbo,
One point of source-criticism should be noted. Bhr 1 930:07
(VWG grave 1 59) is a uniquely opulent find combination but
was inexpertly excavated. Both Nerman (VWG) and Nasman
(1970, 1972) regarded the find combination as questionable*
although for different reasons. The crossbow fibula and gold
bracteate combined with weapons apparently ofi^ended Mer-
man's gender sensibilities: "Perhaps one male and one female
grave? Or a double grave for a man and a woman?" (VWG p.
1 13). Nasman reluctantly set it aside as useless on source-criti-
cal grounds. Since then* however* new information has come
to hght that permits its use in combination studies.
All the objects from Bhr 1930:07 came from a 275 x 275 x
1 00 an modern construction trench dug dow^n to the surface of
the bedrock. The artefacts are a chronological mix typical for the
Migration Period graves at theRojrhage 1:1 site: a main compo-
nent of Migration Period artefacts with a few residual Neolithic
objects and intrusive modern finds. Modern artefacts found in
the turf were discarded during later ex-
cavations at the site. Only unburnt
bones were found in the trench, and
none of the artefacts shows any signs of
fire damage. Thus* if the finds origina-
ted from more than one grave, then it
can only be a question of two inhuma-
tion graves given the size of the trench.
Flowever* an osteological examination
by Sabine Sten showed that all the hu-
man bones from the trench belonged
to a single adult individual with vague
male-sex characteristics {Lamm &
Axboe 1989:460). This fact allows us
to move the find combination up from
level 3 to level 2 in our source -critical
scheme (cf section 2.L5)-
6. 2 Topographic
distribution
Migration Period finds have been
made at Barshalder in all cemetery sec-
tions except section 6, Gatthagen. Sec-
tion 6 is the least disturbed, least exca-
vated part of the cemetery* with no
excavations reported there at all until
Fig. All . Bhr I 967:12-1 3. Migration Period. Two joined limestone slab cists. Cover stones removed,
exposing the collapsed lid flakes. Max internal length SO cm. Photograph by Gustaf Trotzig I 963 (ATA). 1997- Gatthagen may therefore very
56
6.The Migration Period
Table 6a. Migration Period finds from Barshalde
n
Context
nv no Cem-sect Property
Date
Gender Source
quality Rite
Bhr 1871:01
SHH4535 1-3 ?
GoD^b
f
\ inh
Bhr 1881:01
m 758 hdl
?
GoD
m
inh
Bhr 1882:16
m 75SI:I6
Frid« 1:5
GoDlb
crera
Bhr I88II7
SUM 758l:!7
Frid« 1:5
GoD
m
crem
Bhr 18811^
m 75SI:I8
Frid« 1:5
GoDI
1
cren
Bhr 1 88123
SHH 7581:23
Fride 1:5
GoD2
crem
Bhr 1882:26
m 75SI:26
Osleriiy 1:15
GoD2
cren
Bhr 1882:21
m 75«l:28
Onerfay 1:15
GoD2
cren
Bhr 1882:29
SHH 75SI:29
Osterfay 1:15
GoD
crem
Bhr 1882:33
SHH 7581:33
Oslerby 1:45
GoD2
crem
Bhr 1882:34
SHH 7581:34
Oslerfay 1:45
GoD2
m
cren
Bhr I882:3S
SHH 7581:35
Anden« 1:4
GoD
cren
Bhr I882:3«
SHH 7678:25
1
GoO
inh
Bhr 1904:03
SHH 12155
Suderkvi« 5:1
GoD
m
inh
Bhr 1918:02
SHH 16124
Roei 1:46
GoD
cren
Bhr 1921:03
SHH 16693:03
Oslerby 1:15
GoDI
inh
Bhr 1921:04
SHH 16693:04
Osterfay 1:15
GoD2
m
crem
Bhr 1927:03
SHH 19055:03
Norrkvie 1:16
GoD lb
inh
Bhr 1927:04
SHH 19055:04
Norrkvie 1:16
GoD
cren
Bhr 1927:09
SHH 19055:09
Norrkvie 1:16
GoD
crem
Bhr I927:l«
SHH I9055:A
Uddvide 5
GoD
inh
Bhr 1928:03
SHH I9055:a
Norrkvie 1:16
GoDI
crem
Bhr 1928:04
SHH I9{l55:b
Norrkvie 1:16
GoDI
inh
Bhr 1928:08
SHH I9055:lc
Uddvide 1:20
GoD
crem
Bhr 1930:06
SHH I9535:d
Norrkvie 1:16
GoDlb-2a
crem
Bhr 1930:07
SHH 19535 S 32260A
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD2b
m
inh
Bhr I930:0S-(I9
SHH I9535:d 1 I
n ?
GoD
2
crem
Bhr 1931:20
SHH 19766:80 S32260C:80
Rojrhage 1:1
GoDI
m
crem
Bhr 1934:03
SHH 20845:3
Norrkvie 1:16
GoD
m
crem
Bhr 1939:01a
SHH 22359
Frid« S
GoD2
m
inh
Bhr 1947:02
GF (9582:1-23
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD2
m
crera
Bhr 1947:03
GF C9582:24-32
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD
m
crem
Bhr 1947:08
GF C9536
Uddvide S
GoD lb
F
inh
Bhr 1951:01
GF {10176
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD2
m
crem
Bhr 1952:01a
GF (10175
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD lb
F
inh
Bhr 1957:02
SHH pending alloc 2/57
Norrkvie 1:16
GoDI
m
crem
Bhr 1957:03
SHH pending alloc 3/57
Norrkvie 1:16
GoD
m
cren
Bhr 1958:01
SHH pending alloc 1/58
Norrkvie 1:16
GoDlt^2a
F
crem
Bhr 1965:06
SHH pending alloc 1/65
Norrkvie 1:16
GoD
m
cren
Bhr 1967:07a
SHH 32623:7a/63-67
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD2
m
inh
Bhr 1967:07b
SHH 32623:7b/63-67
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD
inh
Bhr 1967:11
SHH 32623:11/63-67
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD
m
inh
Bhr 1967:12
SHH 32623:12/63-67
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD
m
cren
Bhr 1967:13
SHH 32623:13/63-67
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD2
cren
Bhr I967:l^a
SHH32623:l8a/63-67
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD2b
F
inh
Bhr 1967:18b
SHH32623:l8b/63-67
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD2a
i+
inh
Bhr 1967:2(1
SHH 32623:20/63-67
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD2a
F
cren
Bhr 1967:21
SHH 32623:21/63-67
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD
}
Bhr 1967:24b
SHH 32623:24b/63-67
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD
m
crera
Bhr I967:25abd
SHH 32623:25abd/63-67
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD lb
2
crem
Bhr 1967:25c
SHH 32623:25c/63-67
Rojrhage 1:1
GoD
m
cren
57
6. The Migration Period
Context
Inv no Cem
â– sect Property
Date
Gender Source quality Rite
Bhr 1967:30
SHH 32623:3(1/63-67
Hojrhage
GoD
3
Bhr 1967:32
SHH 32623:32/63-67
Hojrhage
GoD2
f+ 1 (rem
Bhr 1967:37
SHH 32623:37/63-67
liojrhage
GoD
f 2 crem
Bhr 1967:42
SHH 32623:42/63-67
F^ojrhage
GoD
f 4 crem
Bhr 1967:43
SHH 32623:43/63-67
flojrhage
GoD2
f 1 atm
Bhr stray
GF CS630
\ Uddvide 1:20
GoD
Bhr stray
GF C8703
\ Uddvide 1:20
GoD
Bhr stray
GF C9S38;M
Rojrhage
1:1
GoD
"f'f" " dsnolss fsmsls
Bhr stray
GF C979(I
Rojrhage
1:1
GoD
graves with transgressed
Bhr [tray
Priv coll Rojrtiage 1:1
flojrhage
];l
GoD
male attributes.
Bhr [tray
SHH 7678:27
Anderse 1:4
GoD
Bhr [tray
SHH 7678:29-3(1
dsterby
;I5
GoD
Bhr stray
SHH 7S7I:I3I
Roes Rbraker
GoD
Bhr stray
SHH 15609:2
GoD
Bhr stray
SHH l9S35:d$e 1
n ?
GoD
Bhr stray
SHH 32623
Rojrhage
1:1
GoD
Bhr [tray?
BH 1921 II. 1.381
GoD
Fide stray
GF C4248
GoD
Gbo stra)r
Aihm 1909:104
Gd)
Gbo stray
BH 1921 II. 1.36
GoD
Gbo stray
BH 1921 II. 1.228
Qda
Gbo stray
BH 1921 II. 1.238
GoD
Gbo stray
GF C392 1-3923
Balshage
GoD
Gbo stray
SHH 8329:2
GoD
Gbo stray
SHH 9325
Gd)
Gbo stray
SHH 9S66
GoD
Gbo stray
SHH 9836
Gd)
Gbo stra)r
SHH 9866
GoD
Gbo sOtf
SHH I0459:S
Gd)
Gbo stray
SHH 10736:1
GoD
Gbo stray
SHH II32I
Gd)
Table 6c. Suggested
Gbo stray
SHH I34II
GoD
absolute chronology.
Gbo stray
SHH 13917:22-24
Gd)
GoC3 AD3IM00
Gbo stray^
BH 1921 II. 1.35
GoD
GoDIa AD 375^10
Gbo stray?
BH 1921 II. 1. 176-185
Gd)
GoDlb AD4IM50
Gbo stray?
BH 1921 II. 1.227
GoD
GoD2a AD 45M0O
Gbo stray?
BH 1921 II. 1.235
Gd)
GoD2b AD 500-540
Gbo stray?
BH 1921 II. 1.236
GoD
well harbour graves of chis period too. By far the majority of
Migration Period finds derive from sections 1-2 in the north-
ernmost part of the cemetery. This dramatic shift northward
of the cemetery s centre of gravity reflects a settlement -pattern
change during the preceding period^ as discussed in section
2.2.6. L
6.3 Chronology
A full chronological study of the Migration Period graves of
Gotland is found in the analytical volume accompanying this
catalogue. Here follows only a tabular summary of the results
(tables 6b and 6c}.
6*4 Grave structures and
mode of disposal
The Barshalder corpus of graves datable from their furnishings
to the Migration Period assembled by the end of 1971 contains
two cremation graves to each inhumation grave. This ratio is the
same throughout the period. The same gender ratio is found
among the inhumation graves and the cremation graves. The
rationale behind the choice of inhumation or cremation here is
obscure. Given that grave furnishings seem to have been about
the same regardless of rite* and with regard to the cost of fuel
and the visual aspect of a flaming f^re, cremation is the more
expensive and ostentatious way ofdisposing of the corpse. How-
58
6.The Migration Period
Table 6b. Chronology for the graves of the Migration Period
and the immediately preceding period on Gotland.
Type
fibcbl
fibpoinl
jmoltv
shbSb
sbh3b
smbu
smeopdjs
smeophou
smrecasi
claspO
combpni
smbcmc
smbovaB
smh
smbquadB
fibpoinS
smbprotr
smrecai?
clasp I
dpflat
smeopen I
smbovala
smrejhee
lakrageh
smbovalb
smbquadi
fibwide^
dpring
clasph£:e
fibwidel
fibrel
dphdi^c
dasp2-
goldbrac
pendvase
dpbird
combedg
smeopen]
smbwjde
chap^nar
poU
smbhigh
smbprol
smeword
fibcbl
GoC3 GoDIa
GoDlb
f
GoD2a GoD2b
Vll:l
(I)
(I)
D
(I)
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag, Cf.
GoC3 AEG m-m.wQm
GoC3 AEG mm
GoC3 AEG A37-A3S
GoC3 AEG 645 (boss)
Gc^C3 AEG 645 (handle)
GoC3 AEG S3(t
GoC3 AEG 5IG-53I,Â¥WG 129
GoC3 AEG 5M-5I6
G&C3 AEG 549-55i,VWG 179-180
AEG 56I-565,VWG 311
AEG 567,VWG 333-325
AEG 54(t-54l,VWG 166-167
AEG S36, 539;VWG 164-165
AEG 552-558,VWG 199-193
AEG 536-538, VWG i4l-H3
GoDIa VWG 54-56, 5G-63
GoDIa^ VWG 161-163
GoDIa? VWG IGI-IG3
GoDI VWG 312-315
GqDI VWG 76-77, 3G2
GoDI VWG I Ml 18
VWG 154-156
VWG 302-305, 538
VWG 596
VWG 157-160,491
VWG M4-M7
VWG3J-50, 557-358, 360-361
VWG 75-74
VWG cexilig. 196
VWG 1-36
VWG 355-356,559,362
VWG 00,505
VWG 535-557
VWG 337-343
VWG 99-102
VWG 393
VWG 543-545
VWG 460-465
VWG 4e6-4B7
VWG 5G6b, 590, 591
VWG 617-623
VWG 493-499, 502
VWG 506
VWG 473-4G3
VWG65, 366-375, 570
Diag. GoDlb
Diap. GoDlb
GoD2a
GoD2a
GoD3
GoD3
GoD3
GoD3
GoD3
GoD3
GoD2
GoD2
GoD2
GoD3
GoD2
GoD3
GoD3b
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
Diag
lisacions except that most are
single-layer stone settings^
many ot them elaborately con-
structed. The diameter of the
well-preserved superstructures
(n=l 3) is continuously distrib-
uted from 1-5 to 4.2 m, with 3
outliers at 5-5i 6.0 and 7.2 m.
Bhr 1967:25abd had a unique
superstructure in the shape of
a stone bed (Trotzig 1980).
As for infrastructure, 85%
of the determinable cases com-
prised stone cists* nearly all of
them built with slabs of sedi-
mentary rock* sandstone more
often than limestone (fig- 6:1).
The internal dimensions of those
slab cists that contained crema-
tions cluster tighdy at length 43 -
105 cm, width 35-^0 cm and
depth 30-60 cm. Their width/
length proportions are continu-
ously distributed in the interval
52-80%* with outliers in the
intervals 86-100% {n=5) and
37-44% (n=2). The main excep-
tions among the cremation cists
are two slightly larger and more
elaborately built ones {Bhr
1947:02 & 03) whose propor-
tions did not however deviate
from the norm. The few non-
cist infrastructures were crema-
tion layers and cremation pits.
The inhumation cists were
for obvious reasons larger and
more slimly proportioned: length
160-230 cm* width 50-1 1 cm*
depth 35^65 cm and width/
length proportions 30-52%.
As for the orientation of
ever, it also ruins the grave goods* leading to a false impression of
the inhumation graves as more richly furnished.
60% of the graves datable to the Migration Period showed
no evidence of superstructures. This is most likely due to the
effects of cultivation, as the preserved superstructures cluster
in areas untouched by the plough. Cultivation removes the
superstructure and exposes the top of the underlying slab cist
to the view and selection of excavators. The well-preserved and
documented superstructures are too few to permit any genera-
the cists and the stone bed, the
determinable values (n=38) are continuously distributed from
329"^ to 24° (NNW to ENE)* with three outliers at 31 6°, 8 1 °
and 85° (Bhr 1951:01, 1967:42* 1947:02). The median ori-
entation* and that apparently aimed for by the grave builders
of the period* is 358° (N), The orientations display no corre-
lation with date or gender. All inhumations, where deter-
minable, were placed with the head to the northernmost end
of the cist, except for one (Bhr 1927:03).
59
7TheVendel Period
y.TheVendel Period
7. 1 Finds and excavated graves up to the
end of 1971
By the end of 1 971 in rerms of excavations conducted by pro-
fessional archaeologists and 1997 regarding finds made by
amateurs, Barshalder had produced 1 1 2 securely provenanced
assemblages that included artefacts dated using the typolog)'
of VZG per VII: 1 -4 to the Vendel Period, in other words to
Monteh us period VII (table 7a). A total of 96 of these are more
or less well-documented grave assemblages. Barshalder aside,
Fide and Grotlingbo parishes produced 31 provenanced as-
semblages that included Vendel Period artefacts (see the index
in section l4.1). Many of these were probably originally looted
from the cemetery itself. The Barshalder cemetery finds are
distributed across the entire period but not evenly: they con-
centrate heavily in the Early Vendel Period. No further Vendel
Period finds have been niade during excavations since the end
of 1971. The only other known Vendel Period cemetery in the
vicinity is the one at Bandsakersbacken (Raa Fide 50* SHM
21201) 1250 m south of Barshalder.
7.2Topographic distribution
Vendel Period finds have been made at Barshalder in cem-
etery sections 1 , 2, 3 and 5- As with the Migration Period* by
far the majority of the Vendel Period finds derive from sec-
tions 1-2, in the northernmost part of the cemetery,
7,3 Chronology
7.3.1 Previous work
As Birger Nerman's VWG forms the methodologically flawed
yet indispensable foundation of Migration Period studies on
Gotland* so does his Die Vendelzeit Gotlands (Nerman 1 9^9-
1975 = VZG) act the same part for the Vendel Period, This
work, too* harks back to an early preliminary study (Nerman
1919) whose results shaped the final product. Nasnian's (1970,
1 972) criticism of VWG applies in equal measure to VZG: it
suffers from impressionistic methodology and sub-standard
source criticism. As with the Migration Period graves* Jozef
Saers's (1978) seriation of the VZG dataset* while pioneering
in its use of a computer, added little of independent analyti-
cal value as he provided no type definitions and made no
attempt at improved source -critical standards.
VZG cannot even be accepted as a definition of the Vendel
Period culture of Gotland* as all the material in Nerman's final
phase (VII: 5) of the Vendel Period actually post-dates the gen-
esis of the gripping-beast ornament that defines the beginning
of the Viking Period (see section 8.3,1). Some of the material
in his phase VII:4 also lies past that date, so no better defini-
tion of the period's culture can at the present be given than
"VZG phase VII:l-3 and part of phase VII:4" (Thunmark-
Nylen 1995a:555-559)- Furthermore* Nerman placed an Early
Viking Period stray find in his phase VII:3 (VZG 161 5; cf
WKG 11:1 98:7* 1V:278) and an entire grave and a stray find of
the Middle Viking Period in VII:5 (VZG grave 467* cf WKG
II:130:1*IV:162;VZG2303, cf WKGIV:428).
Unlike the case of the Migration Period* the Vendel Period
chronology of Gotland has recently received detailed treatment
in the context of broad inter-regional studies. Karen Hoilund
Nielsen (1987, 1 991 1 1 999a, 1 999b) has studied the female graves
and Anne Norgard Jorgensen (1 999 = W&G) the male graves.
Both of these studies unfortunately suffer from lack of source
criticism, analysing the full VZG dataset regardless of source
qualit)' (e.g. Hoilund Nielsen's use of VZG "grave" 403, which
is one half of the inexpertly excavated Bhr 1931:17). This means
that* just like Nerman* these authors use well -documented find
combinations to validate uncertain ones ("the most convincing
ones", Hoilund Nielsen 1999b: 179)- They then extend this vali-
dation to uncommon or unique type combinations in the un-
certain find combinations. This, of course, constitutes circular
reasoning. An uncertain find combination cannot contribute
fruitfully to find combination studies, it can only be evaluated
in the light of patterns discerned in good data.
Hoilund Nielsen's published type definitions for the
jewellery are stringent with few exceptions. I have applied
them to the Barshalder finds. Note that she has changed some
type definitions from 1987 in Hoilund Nielsen 1999b:178.
This appears to have happened inadvertently with the sub-
types of the E2 disc-on-bow brooches* but purposely with
the 11-5 disc brooches. Except for the disc brooches, in con-
tradictory cases I have followed Hoilund Nielsen 1987.
Many of Norgard Jorgensen's definitions of weapon types*
however, are badly flawed with considerable overlap that in-
vites impressionistic classification (Hoilund Nielsen 1995i
2000b; Rundkvist 2000). I have used this study critically.
7.3.2 Beads
Robust Vendel Period bead set chronologies are available for
two areas in close contact with Gotland: the Lake Malaren
area (Petre 1984:60-69) in mainland Sweden and the Danish
island of Bornholm in the south-western part of the Baltic Sea
60
y.TheVendel Period
[Hsilund Nielsen 1987. 1997). The latter study concluded
that the same type definitions can be profitably applied to the
bead sets of both areas. However, the Lake Malaren finds per-
mit a subdivision of the Early Vendel Period bead sets that is
invisible in the finds from Bornholm: Hoilund Nielsen's type
R3A covers both of Petre's types P3 and P4. Petre's division is
apparent also in the Gotlandic finds, Hoilund Nielsen's sim-
plifed bead set typolog\' is nevertheless validated when the
Barshalder finds of these types are checked against her seda-
tion: both P3 and P4 are present all the way from one end of
the Vendel Period to the other. The single known P5 (corre-
sponding to KHN type R3B) bead set from Barshalder, how-
ever, is found in a late grave: Bhr 1 967:02.
7.3.3 Disc brooches
There are three different stringent classification systems for the
disc brooches of the Vendel Period (0rsnes 1966» Hoilund
Nielsen 1 987, Hoilund Nielsen 1 999b), The latter study is an
excellent example of how^ a t\'pological classification system
should be constructed, being based on a detailed statistical study
of a large sample of artefacts. Unfortunately, all three systems
use the same tjpe codes (11 , 12, 13 etc.), but with entirely dif-
ferent definitions. This makes the seriations in Hoilund Nielsen
1999b ambiguous regarding disc brooches. Matters are not
improved by the fact that the type list for Gotland in Hoilund
Nielsen 1 999b: 1 78 is misprinted for this class of brooches.
Comparison with the type lists for Bornholm and mainland
Sweden indicates that the seriations actually use the latest clas-
sification system, and clarifies the errors in the Gotlandic list
except for two enigmatic and undefined tj'pes: II a and 16.
Karen Hoilund Nielsen has kindly helped me to set things
straight {email 27 June 2001 ). In Hoilund Nielsen 1999b the
names of type II a and lib have inadvertently but consistently
been sw^itched. They were actually intended to be used accord-
ing to Hoilund Nielsen 1 987. As for 16, this refers to VZG
900-902. The complete corrected list of type definitions with
a definition for 16 formulated by myself follow^s.
Ila Disc brooch with flat back and flat punch ornamented
face (Hoilund Nielsen 1987:77).
IlbDisc brooch with flat back and an inlay socket covered
with embossed foil on the face {Hoilund Nielsen 1987:77)
12 Disc brooch with hollowed back; "rim sizes from 3-7 mm.
The rim is plain or decorated with horizontal lines, two
tv^'isted ribbons or interlace. On the face [cast pattern]
types 1-2, 5-6 and 8-11 [cf VZG 85, 886, 1385. 1389,
1392, 1401, 1403, 105] occur" (Hoilund Nielsen
1999b: 167).
13 Disc brooch with hollowed back; "rim sizes from 8-1 mm.
The rim is decorated with a cliequer pattern or is plain.
Very few are decorated with animals. On the face [cast pat-
tern] types 3, 7, and 12-13 [cf VZG l407, l4l6, 1821,
1838] occur" (Hoilund Nielsen 1999b:l67).
14 Disc brooch with hollowed back; "rim sizes from 11-15
mm. The rim is decorated with interlace or the chequer
pattern and animals in particular. On the face [cast pat-
tern] t>-pes4and 13-16 [cf VZG 1812, 1821 , 1833, 1844,
2160] occur" (Hoilund Nielsen 1999b:l67).
15 Disc brooch with hollowed back; "rim sizes from 16-17
mm. The rim is decorated only with animals. On the
face [cast pattern] types l4 and 17-18 [cf VZG 2160,
2167,2171] occur" (Hoilund Nielsen 1999b:l67).
16 Disc brooch with flat back and an inlay socket with a
central rivet stem; uncommonly wide edge comprising c.
1/5 of the radius; diam <35 mm. Cf VZG 900-902.
7.3.4 Fish-head pendants
Hoilund Nielsen (1999b: 178) divides the flsh-head pendants
of Gotland into three size classes. Their definitions are ab-
sent from her published works, but she has kindly provided
me with them in correspondence (email 1 9 June 2001}. Her
largest type coincides with Thunmark-Nylen's definition of
the Viking Period pendants (LenaThunmark-Nylen, personal
commun ication) .
S2gl Fish-head pendant. Length <20 mm.
S2g2 Fish-head pendant. Length 20-30 mm,
S2g3 Fish-head pendant. Length >30 mm.
7.3.5 Knives
W&G offers a typological sequence for knives, but this does
not work very well when applied to knives found in female
graves. At first glance, this might be taken to mean that the
knives' typolog)^ is gender-specific: under this view it would
appear that late knife types were placed in female graves long
before they entered the male kit and early ones long after
they had left it. These discrepancies are, however, more prob-
ably due to W&G's simplistic and largely overlapping type
definitions for knives, that take no note of morphological
traits or proportions. Very probably, the intervals of absolute
dimensions given as type definitions for knives in W&G are
secondary to an impressionistic sorting of plastic films {cf
section 7.3. 1 0); more population description than type defi-
nition.
7.3.6 Seaxes
The W&G tjpology for single-edged seax swords is nearly
adequate, but the length/width proportions crucial to the defi-
nitions have been calculated as meatJvsiuGS of populations pre-
viously delimited by some other means (W&G p, 47, caption
to Abb. 11), apparently visual impressions. The boundary be-
tween two types is thus vague. If we imagine a seax whose
absolute dimensions satisfy the absolute metric definitions both
of SAX2 and SAX3 (e.g. 56.0 cm long, with a 50.5 cm long
blade, 4.3 cm wide} and which has a blade length/width ratio
of 1 1.7, then we cannot classify it using W&G, We know only
7TheVendel Period
Table 7a.Vendel Period finds from Barshalder,
Context
Ir^v no Cem-sect Property
Date
Gender Source quality Rite
Bhr mm
SHH 7^81:09
Uddvide S
WGI2
1 crem
Bhr I8SI:!D
SHH7S8I:I0
Uddvide S
Ven Per
3 crem
Bhr I8«I:I2
SHH7S8I:I2
Uddvide 5
Ven Per
m
1 crem
Bhr I8SI:M
SHH7S8I:I4
Uddvide S
G0KV2bc
f
1 crem
Bhr \U\:\^
SHH758I:IS
Uddvide 5
WG3456
m
1 crem
Bhr I8S2:39
SHH 7678:3S
Uddvide 5
G0KV2ab
f
3 crem
Bhr I8«2:4D
SHH 7678:57
?
Ven Per
2
4 crem
Bhr mm
m 7483
}
WG34
m
3 crem
Bhr mA-m
m 7563 1
3 Hoes
Ven Per
2
3 crem
Bhr mm
m S000:2 S 6 1
3 floes
WG56
m
3 ?
Bhr I8«6:02
SHH 8000:1. 3-5, 7-[6 1
3 Hoes
V^GI2
m
3 crem
Bhr I8S7:0I
5HM S204 1
4 ?
GOKVI
f
3 inh
Bhr mm
UMF 3164
}
Ven Per
m
4 crem
Bhr 18 SHI
5HM S480 1
3 Roes
V^GI2
m
3 crem
Bhr 1899:04
5HH 10939 B:04
Uddvide 5
G0KV2ab
f
3 crem
Bhr 1899:07
SHH 10939 B:07
Uddvide S
V^G3456
m
2 crem
Bhr 1899:09
5HH 10939 B:09
Uddvide S
Ven Per
f
3 crem
Bhr 1899:11
m 10939 B:ll
Uddvide S
G0KV2bc
f
3 crem
Bhr 1899:12
5HH 10939 B:I2
Uddvide S
V^G34
m
3 crem
Bhr 1899:13
m 10939 B:I3
Uddvide S
G0KV2ab
f
1 crem
Bhr I899:M
5HH 10939 B:I4
Uddvide S
G0KV2ab
f
1 crem
Bhr 1899:1 S
5HH 10939 B:I5
Uddvide S
V^G3456
m
3 crem
Bhr 1899:16
5HH 10939 B:I6
Uddvide 5
Ven Per
2 crem
Bhr 1899:22
m J0939 B:22
Uddvide S
G0KV2abc
f
1 crem
Bhr 1899:26
5HH 10939 B:26
Uddvide S
G0KV2ab
f
1 crem
Bhr 1899:30
m 10939 B:30
Uddvide S
WGI2
m
1 crem
Bhr 1899:31
5HH 10939 B:3I
Uddvide S
Ven Per
1 crem
Bhr 1899:32
5HH 10939 B:32
Uddvide S
V^GI2
m
1 crem
Bhr 1899:33
5HH 10939 B:33
Uddvide S
V^GI234
m
1 crem
Bhr 1 899:3 S
m 10939 B:35
Uddvide S
G0KV2ab
f
2 crem
Bhr 1899:36
5HH 10939 B:36
Uddvide S
Ven Per
m
1 crem
Bhr 1899:37
m 10939 B:37
Uddvide S
Ven Per
f
3 crem
Bhr 1899:38
5HH 10939 B:38
Uddvide 5
WG3456
m
3 crem
Bhr 1899:42b
5HM 10939 B:42b
Uddvide S
V^G34
m
1 crem
Bhr 1899:47
5HH 10939 B:47
Uddvide S
Ven Per
3 crem
Bhr 1899:48
m 10939 B:48
Uddvide S
G0KV2ab
f
2 crem
Bhr 1899:49
5HH 10939 B:49
Uddvide S
V^G3456
m
3 crem
Bhr 1904:01
5HM I2II3
Uddvide S
V^GI2
m
4 crem
Bhr 1904:02
5HM I2II3
Uddvide 5
G0KV2bc
f
4 crem
Bhr 1909:01
LUHH 30395:19232
}
G0KV2bc
f
3 crem
Bhr 1909:02
LUHH 30395:19233
}
G0KV2ab
f
3 crem
Bhr 1926:01
GF C6I39
Uddvide S
G0KV2ab
f
3 crem
Bhr 1928:01
5HH 19055:0
Norrkvie 1:16
Ven Per
f
3 crem
Bhr 1930:01
SHH 19535:i
Norrkvie 1:16
G0KV2bc
f
3 crem
Bhr 1930:02
5HH I9535:b
Horrkvie 1:16
Ven Per
m
1 crem
Bhr 1930:03
SHH I9535:c
Norrkvie 1:16
G0KV2ab
f
1 crem
Bhr 1931:03
SHH 19766:27 fi322fi0C:27
Uddvide 5
Ven Per
m
1 crem
Bhr 1931:07
SHH 19766:12
Uddvide S
G0KV2bc
f
3 crem
Bhr 1931:09
SHH 19766:36
Norrkvie 1:16
Ven Per
f
2 crem
Bhr 1931:12
SHH 19766:38
Norrkvie 1:16
Ven Per
3 7
Bhr 1931:13
SHH 19766:16
Uddvide 5
Ven Per
m
3 crem
Bhr I93l:h
SHH 19766:41
Uddvide S
V^G3456
m
3 crem
Bhr 1931:17
SHH 19766:34 & 20199
Norrkvie 1:16
G0KV2bc
2
3 crem
Bhr 1931:18
SHH 19766:11
Uddvide S
G0KV2bc
f
3 crem
Bhr 1931:19
SHH 19766:43 fi32260C:43
Norrkvie 1:16
G0KV2bc
f
3 creri
Bhr 1934:04
GF C8498
Uddvide S
G0KV2ab
f
3 inh
62
y.TheVendel Period
Context
Inv no Cem-sect Property
Date
Gender
Source quality
Rite
Bhr 1936:31
GF CB697
FrideS
G0KV2bc
f
3
inh
Bhr 1947:07
GF C9538:5-7
flojrhage 1:1 V^G34
m
3
crem
Bhr 1957:013
SHH pending alloc 1/57
Horrkvie 1:16 G0KV2ab
f
3
crem
Bhr l960:!Da
5HH pending alloc 2a/60 i
flojrhage 1:1 G0KV2ab
f
crem
Bhr 1960:11
SHH pending alloc 3/60 i
Roes 1:36
GOKVI
F+
crem
Bhr 1960:13
W^ pending alloc 5/60
floes 1:36
V^GI234
m
crem
Bhr 1960:1 S
SHH pending alloc 7/60 i
floes 1:36
V^GI234
-
cren
Bhr I96]:IS
SHH pending alloc 1/61 i
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2ab
f
crem
Bhr 1961:17a
SHH pending alloc 3a/6l i
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2ab
f
crem
Bhr I96l:!9
SHH pending alloc S/61 i
Rojrhage 1
1 V^G34
m
crem
Bhr 1961:21
SHH pending alloc 7/61 i
flojrhage 1:
1 Ven Per
crem
Bhr 1961:22a
SHH pending alloc fla/61 i
flojrhage 1
1 Ven Per
crem
Bhr 1961:24
SHH pending alloc 12/61 i
flojrhage 1
1 V^G56
m
crem
Bhr 1961 :2S
SHhT pending alloc 13/61 i
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2ab
f
crem
Bhr 1961:26a
SHH pending alloc I4a/6I i
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2bc
f
crem
Bhr 1961:26b
SHH pending alloc I4b/6I
flojrhage 1
1 V^GI2
m
crem
Bhr 1961:27
SHH pending alloc 15/61 i
flojrhage 1:
1 Ven Per
f
crem
Bhr I96!:33a
SHH pending alloc 2 la/61
flojrhage 1
1 V^G!2
m+
crem
Bhr 1961 :3S
SHH pending alloc 24/61
flojrhage 1:
1 Ven Per
f
crem
Bhr 1961:36a
SH^ pending alloc 25-26/61 i
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2ab
f
crem
Bhr 1961:36b
SHH pending alloc 27/61 i
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2ab
-
Bhr 1961:36c
SHH pending alloc 28/61
Rojrhage 1
1 G0KV2ab
-
Bhr 1961:37
SHH pending alloc 29/61 i
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2bc
f
crem
Bhr 1961:39a
SHN pending alloc 31/61
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2ab
f
crem
Bhr 1961:40
SHH pending alloc 34/61 i
flojrhage 1:
1 Ven Per
crem
Bhr 1967:01
SHH 32623:1/63-67
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2ab
f
crem
Bhr 1967:02
SHH 32623:2/63-67 i
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2ab
f
crem
Bhr 1967:03
SHH 32623:3/63-67
Rojrhage 1
1 V^GI2
m
crem
Bhr 1967:04
SHH 32623:4/63-67 i
flojrhage 1:
1 Ven Per
f
crem
Bhr 1967:05
SHH 32623:5/63-67
flojrhage 1
1 V^GI2
m
crem
Bhr 1967:06
SHH 32623:6/63-67 i
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2ab
f
crem
Bhr 1967:08
SHH 32623:8/63-67
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2ab
f+
crem
Bhr 1967:14
SHH 32623:14/63-67 i
flojrhage 1
1 V^G34
m
crem
Bhr 1967:24a
SHH 32623:24a/63-67
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2ab
f
crem
Bhr 1967:29
SHH 32623:29/63-67 i
flojrhage 1
1 V^GI2
m
crem
Bhr 1967:40
SHU 32623:40/63-67
flojrhage 1:
1 Ven Per
f
crem
Bhr 1967:41
SHH 32623:41/63-67
flojrhage 1
1 G0KV2ab
f
crem
Bhr 1967:44
SHH 32623:44/63-67
flojrhage 1
1 V^G34
m
crem
Bhr 1967:45
SHH 32623:45/63-67 (25/65) i
flojrhage 1:
1 Ven Per
m
crem
Bhr 1971:03
SHH pending alloc Aldenmo 1
Uddvide S
WGI234
m
crem
Bhr 1971:04
SHH pending alloc Aldenmo 4
Uddvide 5
Ven Per
m
crem
Bhr 1971:06
SHH pending alloc Aldenmo 6
Uddvide 5
Ven Per
3
"+" denotes graves with
crem
Bhr stray
Ashm 1909:50
?
Ven Per
Bhr sLray
GF CI495
)
Ven Per
Bhr stray
GF C8539
?
Ven Per
Bhr sLray
GF CI0I20:I7
)
Ven Per
Bhr stray
GF CI0330
Horrkvie 1:
6 Ven Per
Bhr sLray
GF wiLhout inventory number
Norrkvie 1:
6 Ven Per
Bhr stray
LUHH 30395:19231
)
Ven Per
Bhr sLray
Priv coll Rojrhage 1:1 i
flojrhage 1
1 Ven Per
Bhr stray
SHH 4690
Roes f[(>raki
r Ven Per
Bhr SLray
SHH 7678:37
?
Ven Per
Bhr stray
SHHII7II 1
3 ?
Ven Per
Bhr SLray
SHH 15609:1
Uddvide S
Ven Per
Bhr stray
SHH 15609:3
Hoes Hbrak
r Ven Per
Bhr stray
SHH 32623
flojrhage 1:
1 Ven Per
transgress
63
y.TheVendel Period
rhac Norgard Jorgensen's SAX2 population had a mean racio
of 1 1 Ay her SAX3 population one of 1 2. Here, I have allo-
cated each specimen to the type whose mean ratio it is closest
to* within the limits imposed by absolute dimensions.
7.3,7 Lance heads
The main problem with the lance head typologj' of W&G
from a Gotlandic point of view lies with the types L2, L4
and L5. As for L2 and L4, there is a misprint in the defini-
tion of L2 (W&G p. 91) regarding a crucial parameter: the
ratio of a lance head's maximum blade width to its total length.
I have emended the incomprehensible "Verhaltniszahl 0*6-
0,7 cm" to "Verhaltniszahl >0,29' â– This provides a definition
towards type L4 whose ratio is slated as a misprinted but
comprehensible "Verhaltniszahl 0,2-0,29 cni'. Simply put,
this definition separates the early squat lance Keads from tKe
later more slender ones.
W&G offers no definition at all of L5* which means that
any Early Vendel Period "long, slender lance head with lancet-
shaped blade and short socket (bronze rivets on socket)" (W&G
p. 94) may in some sense be an L5 without us being able to
determine this. However, there does seem to be a tj'pological
reality behind this nebulous entitj'. Bhr 1967:14 displays the
surprising combination of an Early Vendel Period umbo (SBAl ),
a handle comb that is a very rare hold-over from the Migration
Period, and a lance head that comes close to fitting the defrni-
tions of both L3b and L3c but none of the other W&G tj'pes.
Neither L3b nor L3c is previously known from contexts as early
as the umbo and comb's. The lance head from Bhr 1967: 1 4
should probably be taken as a representative oftypeL^. The fact
that it does not entirely fit the metric definitions ofL3bnor I_3c
indicates that their definitions are rather apt.
Norgard Jorgensen states that her three specimens of L5
are not well enough preserved to allow a metric type defini-
tion, but she obliquely indicates VZG 573-575 as representa-
tives of the type. Of course, the fact that these lance heads
appear together in VZG demonstrates that Nerman also
recognised their close similarity. Let us provisionally formulate
the following definition based on Norgard Jorgensens popula-
tion plus VZG 572 and the specimen from Bhr 19*^7:14, An
L5 lance head has a lancet-shaped blade with non-concave
edges, onto which the socket does not extend; has the follow-
ing metric characteristics: total length >25 cm, blade length
>l6 cm, max blade width 3.0-4.9 cm, ratio of blade length to
total length 65-78%, ratio of max blade width to total length
<0.l4; and may in some cases have decorative bronze rivet
caps on socket.
In the context of W&G, this definition overlaps with those
of L6, L7 and LIO. L7 and LIO need not concern us here as
Norgard Jorgensen found them only in Norway and their defi-
nitions lack proportional parameters: the definitional overlap is
from their side of the typological divide. The overlap with L6 is,
however, a problem, as L5 and I_6 appear to be mutually exclu-
sive in the chronological sequence. Typical of W&G's method-
ology is thelaa that L6 is not given an explicit definition. Norgard
Jorgensen only gives the values for her two L6 lance heads (W&G
282 & 233) of the metric parameters used to define other types
of lance head {d. table 7b), She characterises the t^'pe as having
a "very narrow blade", but the blade width ratio ofherL6 popu-
lation (n=2) is not lower than that of herL5 population (n=3).
Visual comparison of the lance heads shows that there are
actually two other defining characteristics, neither of which is
discussed by Norgard Jorgensen. TheL5 lance heads have a pro-
portionally shorter socket than the L6 lance heads. Also, the L5
heads are widest near the base of the blade and taper toward the
point along most of their lengths, while theL6 lance heads hold
their full maximum width all along the middle third of the blade.
Let us, then, formulate the following definitions. Note that the
boundary between the blade and the socket is defined as the
place where the blade's edges end (W&G p. 88 Abb. 67). This is
not necessarily the narrowest part of the lance head.
L5 A lance head with a lancet-shaped blade with non-con-
cave edges, onto which the socket does not extend. Met-
ric characteristics: total length >25 cm, blade length >1 6
cm, max blade width 3.0-4,9 cm, ratio of blade length to
total length 65-78%, ratio of max blade width to total
length <0,l4. Not widest at the middle of the blade. May
in some cases have decorative bronze rivet caps on the
socket. Cf VZG 572-575) 2363 (the latter is misalloca ted
by Nerman as is the L3a? lance head VZG 2364),
L6 A lance head with a lancet-shaped blade with non-con-
cave edges, onto which the socket does not extend. Met-
ric characteristics: total length >26 cm, blade length >15
cm, max blade width <5 cm, ratio of blade length to total
length <65%i ratio of max blade width to total length
<0.13. Widest at the middle of the blade. Must not have
decorative bronze rivet caps on the socket. Ci. VZG 2361 .
7.3.8 Umbones
In W&G (p. 77-87), umbones are divided into those with
neck and top disc (SBA), two types with neck but no top disc
(SBB and SBC), and Galgenbergian high ones with weakly
pronounced neck and a tapered dome (SBD), SBB and SBC
cannot be separated morphologically or on the grounds of the
metric definitions. The quoted intervals of the two types' mea-
surements overlap for all measured parameters. The only pa-
rameter that seems somewhat to separate the "t^'pes ' is the width
of the brim where the overlap is only 1 mm. Nevertheless, it is
clear from the illustrations that the combined SBB&C mate-
rial shows systematic variation in shape that would be best
expressed through proportional definitions, for example height
through diameter and height above neck through total height.
Parallel variation of shape is found in the umbones with top
discs, but this variation is entirely subsumed under the single
t}'pological element of the disc, which is an additive one in
64
y.TheVendel Period
many cases. Thus, only the SBD vype (unknown from Gotland)
is a methodically sound one.
I have disregarded the shape and dimensions of the um-
bones entirely and classified them according to whether they
have a top disc and what its diameter is (W&G p. 78), In this
manner it is possible to keep W&G's types SBAl and SBA{2)
and a joint SBB&C,The sub-division of SBA coincides largely
but not entirely with the division between such umbones whose
top disc sits 1} on a spike that is an integral part of the umbo
dome, and 2) on a separately fashioned stem that is riveted to
the dome through a hole at its apex.
SBAl Umbo with neck and top disc. Disc diam <30 mm.
SBA(2) Umbo with neck and top disc. Disc diam >29 mm.
SBB&C Umbo with neck, no top disc,
7.3.9The female sequence and
methodological critique
The female Vendel Period graves of Barshalder do not seriate
well on their own. This is because they display two alternative
sets of pectoral jewellery: a traditional brooches-and -beads set
[cf figs. 1 0:12-14), and a new Vendel Period set with bronze
chain-holders and chains, fish-head pendants, bracteates and
arm rings [cf figs. 10:17, 10:19)- Petre's bead set vypt P3 is
tied to the brooch set and P4 to the chain set. Simply put, the
finds form three groups: 1 ) an early brooch set with P3, 2) a
late brooch set with P3, and 3) a late chain set with P4. These,
however, do not seriate in the expected order 1 -2-3, but in the
order 2-1-3. This means that the two late jewellerj' sets 2 and 3
are more similar to the early brooch set 1 than to each other. It
appears, thus, that after an initial unitarian period the female
jewellery sequence of the Vendel Period on Gotland forms two
largely separate yet contemporary branches, much as Hoilund
Nielsen (1999b: 182) has suggested for Uppland.
Like Nerman, but with far better methodology, Hoilund
Nielsen (1 999a & 1 999b) divides the jewellery of Gotland from
the post-Migration Period, pre-gripping-beast interval into four
phases: GOKVl , GOKV2a, GOKV2b and GOKV2^. This
scheme cannot be accepted without modification, primarily
because it is not founded on the principle of diagnostic types.
In my opinion, a phase without at least one commonly found
diagnostic type cannot be called a phase at all as it lacks a defi-
nition (Maimer 1 962, 1 963). Much of the seriati on -based fine
chronology published in recent years by Danish and German
scholars (e.g, in Hines et al. 1999)? greatly inspiring though it
has been to myself, does not stand up to critical scrutiny in its
details. It is all very well to divide one's seriation diagram e.g.
into phases ABCDEF, but what is the use of this if in practice
no grave find can be closer placed than phase A-B, C-D or E-
F due to the vagueness of the phases' definitions,'' Better then
to stop at a few well-defined phases that may one day perhaps
be confidently sub-divided on the basis of further studies,
Itwould of course be possible to re-seriate a published chro-
nological matrix every time a new assemblage appears, but
without stringent phase definitions it would be impossible to
apply an earlier phase division system to such an expanded
seriation. Classification presupposes terminological definitions,
and not every dividing line drawn across a seriation diagram
constitutes a valid phase definition.
The concept of diagnostic types is somewhat undermined
by the not infrequent curation and deposition of heirlooms
long after their date of production (e.g. the worn and re-
paired antique brooches in Bhr 1957:01a and Bhr 1961 :01a).
This accounts for the tail into the succeeding period that an
object type of one period often displays. The distinction here
must be a statistical one: a type that has, say, more than 90%
of its incidences in one period and less than 10% in the suc-
ceeding one should in my opinion still be seen as diagnostic
of the earlier period. However, a diagnostic type cannot be
allowed a tail backward in time, into the preceding period.
Every archaeological period must be defined by the first ap-
pearance in a certain context, e.g. graves in Gotland, of a
type of artefact or structure.
Hoilund Nielsen's GOKVl stands up well on its own with
nine diagnostic types, GOKV2a has no diagnostic types; a joint
second phase containing GOKV2a and GOKV2b may be de-
Table 7b. Lance
head
types L5
and L6.
(cm)
Ltot
Blade L
BladeW
Mid-blW
BladeL/Ltot
W a tot
Type
Type L5
>2S.O
>I6.0
3.0-4.9
<Hax
65-78%
<fl.l4
Type L6
>26.fl
>l5.fl
<5,0
=Hax
<65%
<(I.13
Bhr 1886:02
35,7
23.5
<Hax
66%
0.10
15
Bhr I967:M
26,3
18,2
<Hix
69%
0.13
U
VZG m
41.9
212
<Hix
67%
0.09
15
VZG 573 (WfiG 256)
33,9
25,2
<Hax
74%
0.13
15
VZG 574 (WSG 234)
31.2
21.0
<Hix
67%
0.13
15
VZG 575 (WfirG25l)
>44.l
35J
<Hax
<8I%
<0.07
L5
VZG 2361 pG 1:173:6. W&G 283)
37,0
22.6
4.0
=Hax
61%
0.11
L6
VZG 2363
45,3
29,4
3.5
<Hax
65%
0.08
L5
mQ 282
27,0
16.6
2.1
=H«
61%
0.08
Li
65
7TheVendel Period
fined on the scrength of four diagnostic types (lib disc brooch,
G3 duckbill brooch* S2gl fish-head pendant, 16 disc brooch}.
As the present study defines the beginningof the Viking Period
by the appearance of the gripping-beast, the end-line of GOKV2c
must be moved six steps downward in Hoilund Nielsen's seria-
tion to the start of type G4c (the first true animal -head brooch
without eye holes) which defines the beginning of Anders
Carlsson's period A GOKV2c is thereby left weak!y defined with
only one diagnostic type, the rather uncommon S2g2 fish-head
pendant. It is more profitable to establisli an overlapping third
phase GOKV2bc with six diagnostic types. Recent intensive ty-
Table 7c. Revised chronology of the
Vendel Period female graves of Gotland.
Type
1
Zab
2bc
A2dl
1
(I)
Utemil broodi
Diagnostic GOKVI
A2d2
1
Uiemil broodi
Diagnostic GOKVI
A2d3
1
1
Utemil broodi
A2d4
1
1
Utensil brooch
A2d5
(1
1
Utemil broodi
im
1
Slnp end moant
Diagnostic GOKVI
iM
1
Strap end mount
Diagnostic GOKVf
C6c
1
Strap end mount
Dia^ostic GOKVI
C8
1
Bird mount
Diagnostic GOKVI
E2al
1
D-o-b broodi
Dia^oitic GOKVI
E2a2-la
1
1
D-o-b broodi
E2a2-sm
1
1
1
D-o-b broodi
E2b
1
1
1
D-o-b broodi
G3
{)
1
Dud<bill brooch
Diagnostic G0KV2ab
&1a
1
(I)
P-a-h brooch
Diagnostic GOKVI
G^b
{)
1
1
P-a-h brooch
lib
1
Disc brooch
Diagnostic G0KV2ab
12
1
1
1
Disc brooch
|]
1
Disc brooch
16
{)
1
Disc brooch
Diagnostic G0KV2ab
LI
1
Snake broodi
Diagnostic GOKVI
L3a
1
1
Eagle brooch
Pla
1
1
Dress pin
Pie
1
1
Dress pin
P2
1
Dress pin
Diagnostic G0KV2bc
Q3a
1
Arm ring
Diagnostic G0KV2 be
Q3d
1
Arm ring
03e
1
Arm ring
Diagnostic G0KV2bc
Q3f
1
Arm ring
Ma
{)
1
Chain holder
R3A
1
1
Bead set P3+4
m
{)
1
Bead set PS
S2al
1
Openwork disc
S2a2
{)
1
Openwork disc
Diagnostic G0KV2 be
S2c
(1
Round openwork brooci
Diagnostic G0KV2bc
S2gl
1
(1)
Fish-head pendanL
Dia^osticG0KV2ab
S2£2
Fish-head pendant
Diagnostic G0KV2 be
S2h
{)
1
BracteaLe
pological study of the rich female graves of Gotland has, thus»
permitted only a three-phase chronology for the Vendel Period:
GOKVI , GOKV2ab. GOKV2bc (table 7c),
The new Barshalder data, from graves excavated I96O-
1971 inclusive but not included in VZG, verifies and strength-
ens this chronology Bhr 196l:17a features the unique com-
bination of an A2dl utensil brooch.* unknown to Hoilund
Nielsen from later contexts than GOKV2a, with an E2a2-
largedisc-on-bow brooch, unknown to Hoilund Nielsen from
earlier contexts than GOKV2b. The utensil brooch shows
no sign of wear. The rest of the finds are all early rather than
late. This find combination underlines the weak
definition of an independent phase GOKV2a.
7,3. 1 OThe male sequence ancf
methocJological critique
The male sequence of the Late Vendel and Early
Viking Periods on Gotland presents a problem as
the graves are generally poorly equipped. As I do
myself, Norgard Jorgensen (W&G p. 151) agrees
withThunmark-Nylen in dating the appearance of
the gripping- beast ornament to c, AD 800. She di-
vides the post -Migration Period, pre-gripping-beast
interval into five phases. As shown above, despite
their far greater typological diversity the female
graves of the same interval support only a three-
phase chronology. This fact alone casts a shade of
doubt over Norgard Jorgensen's results.
The main problem with W&G, however* lies
with the type definitions (Rundkvist 2000* with
criticism repeated here partly verbatim). Many un-
defined terms are used* and the line between type
definitions and population descriptions is vague. In
many cases a lype has several different definitions:
three regional ones for Bornholm* Gotland and
Norway^ and a super-regional type definition that
embraces all the regional ones (e.g. the L2 lance
head, W&G p. 90-91).
Although many types are adequately defined,
the definitions of others overlap* partictdarly the
super-regional ones. This appears to be due to the
fact that the super- regional type definitions are sec-
ondary to the regional ones* and these in turn are
actually secondary to the impressionistic grouping
of the material. During data collection Norgard
Jorgensen drew the outlines of the weapons on trans-
parent plastic film. She then sorted the films by vi-
sual similarity into piles. Then* and only then, did
she formulate type definitions. In this manner* natu-
rally, each, type definition came to embrace all the
objects in its own pile of plastic. Norgard Jorgensen s
grave mis take was that she did not check thoroughly
to what extent a definition thus produced embraced
66
ZTheVendel Period
objects in other piles of plastic film. In order to make the
most of W&G I have disregarded the super-regional tvpe
definicions and used only the Gotlandic regional ones.
I have extracted a sound three-phase chronology from che
six-phase system of W&G. In order to do this, I took the
tjpe sequence (n=67) from the seriation W&G p. 1 25 Abb,
108* divided it into Norgard Jorgensen's phases I-Vl, and re-
moved all inadequately defined types, either entirely or by
joining them into well -defined super-types. This left 58 types
(table 7<1).
W&G phase I is distinguished from phase II only by
the SBAl umbo* which is here defuied as an umbo with a
top disc of less than 30 mm diameter. However* with this
definition the type turns out repeatedly combined with types
that make their first appearance in phase II. Phase I, thus,
has no positive defuiition and should be joined with phase
11. The joint phase I+II {WGl 2) has a healthy 21 well-de-
fined diagnostic types. Phases III and IV have none when
kept apart and should thus be joined. The joint phase III-i-IV
[WG34) has only two well -defned diagnostic types: the L3c
lance head and the SAX2 seax. By moving the starting line
of phase III two steps down in W&G's seriation diagram,
we may add the L4 lance head and the RR2b strap mount
as diagnostic types of phase WG34. This modification has
no adverse effects for the definition of phase WG12, Once
the typolog^^ of the SBB&C umbones has been clarified, a
late subtype of these may be defined so as to function as a
further diagnostic type of phase WG34, The Early Viking
Period phase VI is not distinguished from phase V by the
appearance of any new types in the W&G scheme, and they
should thus be joined. With this emendation, phase V-i-VI
(WG56) has ten well-defined diagnostic types. Pending
Thunmark-Nylen's type definitions in WKG III* the only
way to distinguish the Viking Period component of WG56
from its Vendel Period component is through the presence
of the gripping-beast ornament* as featured for example on
the celebrated Broa mounts (VZG 2278-2296, WKG 1: 1 28).
The new Barshalder data, from graves excavated 1960-
1971 inclusive but not included in VZG or W&G* verify
the modified W&G chronology with the following excep-
Table 7e. Undefined Gotlandic types
in W&G
GU6a
Strap
buckle
Wl
Knife
GU6b
Strap
buckle
MF
Knife
m^
Strap
buckle
n
Arrow head
GUTb
Strap
buckle
SAXh
Seax
K
Qskct
SAX2b
Seax
HDI
Knife
SBBI
Umbo
ym
KiA
saB2
Umbo
HEIa
Knife
SBC
Umbo
HEIb
Ki^fe
Table 7d,
Period m
Revised ch
ale graves \
ronology of the Vendel
3f Gotland.
Type
WGl 2 WG34
WGS6
BN
1
Orn bronze rivet
Diagnostic WGI2
GUI
1
Strap buckle
Diagnostic WGI2
GU3
1
Strap bud<le
Diagnostic WGI2
GU4
1
Strap buckle
Diagnostic WGS6
GU5
1
Strap buckle
Diagnostic WGS6
GU7
1
1
Strap buckle
GU8
1
Strap buckle
Diagnostic WGS6
11
1
Lance head
Diagnostic WGI2
U
1
(1)
Lance head
L3a
1
1
Lance head
L3b
1
1
Lance head
t3c
1
Lance head
Diagnostic WG34
I3d
1
Lance head
Diagnostic WGI2
L4
1
Lance head
Diagnostic WG34
15
1
Lance head
Diagnostic WGl 2
L6
{)
1
1
Lance head
PI
1
1
Arrow head
P2
1
1
Arrow head
P3
1
Arrow head
Diagnostic WGS6
P4
1
Arrow head
Diagnostic WGS6
RRIa
1
Mount
Diagnostic WGI2
KKIb
1
Mount
Diagnostic WGI2
RRh
1
1
Mount
RR2b
1
Mount
Diagnostic WG34
RK2c
1
Mount
Diagnostic WGl 2
RR3
1
1
Mount
RR4
1
Mount
Diagnostic WGI2
RR5
1
Mount
Diagnostic WGI2
RTI
I
Bridle
Diagnostic WGl 2
m
1
Bridle
Diagnostic WGI2
RT3
1
1
Bridle
RVIa
1
Mount
Diagnostic WGl 2
RVIb
1
1
Mount
SAXI
1
1
Seax
SAX2
1
Seax
Diagnostic WG34
SAX3
1
1
Seax
SAX4
(1
1
Seax
Diagnostic WGS6
SAX5
1
Seax
Diagnostic WGS6
SAX7
{)
1
Seax
Diagnostic WGS6
SAXK
1
Seax
Diagnostic WGI2
SBA(2)
1
ll>
Umbo
SBAl
1
Umbo
Diagnostic WGI2
SBB&C
1
1
Umbo
SCH
1
ll)
Shears
SP2
1
Spatha grip
Diagnostic WGI2
SP3a
1
1
Spatha grip
SP3b
1
Spatha grip
Diagnostic WGl 2
SP4
1
1
Spatha grip
SP5
1
Spatha grip
Diagnostic WGS6
SP6
1
Spatha grip
Diagnostic WGS6
SP7
1
1
Spatha grip
TRI
1
Mount
Diagnostic WGI2
TR2
I
Mount
Diagnostic WGI2
ZRI
1
Mount
Diagnostic WGI2
67
7TheVendel Period
rion. There is no reason co question the integriry of the find
combination, Bhr 1961:19 features the unique combination
of an SBB&C umbo* unknown to Norgard Jorgensen from
earher contexts than WG34, with four diagnostic t)'pes of
WG12:theLl lance, RTl bridle bit, RVl a bridle strap cross^
ing mount and. ZRl strap end mound. The iron objects are
too badly preserved to allow an assessment of wear. It should
be noted that three of the WGl 2 objects were probably part
of the same display bridle. As the SBB&C umbones appear
only at the middle of WG34 in the W&G seriation* this
grave should represent a very early WG34 deposition made
at a time when a few rare pieces of WG12 weaponry and
harness were still kept in store.
7.3. 1 I Correlation and absolute dates
of the two sequences
The male and female sequences must be correlated with the
aid of gender-neutral types (including decoration styles) and
gender-transgressive furnishings (table 7f)* stratigraphy, and
topochronology. The best source material would be the most
common gender-neutral furnishings: combs and knives. Un-
fortunately, both of these artefact classes tend to survive very
badly in the graves due to cremation and corrosion respec-
tively; and neither has been the subject of stringent typologi-
cal study {cf, section 7,3,5)-
As first suggested by Arrhenius (1 983) and carried out in
detail by Norgard Jorgensen (W&G chapter 5)i the Vendel
Period weaponry sequence can be correlated with the coin-
dated Merovingian sequence of the Prankish area (Ament
1976, 1977). Pollowing Norgard Jorgensen's comparison with
the Merovingian sequence* I offer the absolute dates in table
7g. Note that the Prankish sequence contributes reasonably
certain dates only for WG12.
It appears that neither the start boundaries nor the end
boundaries ofthetwosequences are contemporaneous, ^tt know
that the jewellery sequence ends with the appearance of the grip-
ping-beast ornament c. AD 790 (Thunmark-Nylen 1995^1
Wamers 1 999, Wilson 2001 , Miiller-Wille 2001 ). WG56, how-
ever, contains post-gripping-beast material and must thus have
an end date in the 9i:h century perhaps AD 840 (section 8.4.3.2,
cf W&G p. 151)- There seems to be a similar discrepancy be-
tween the start dates of the two sequences (Jorgensen & Norgard
Jorgensen 1997:38* Axboe 1999:l4l), According to Jorgensen
& Norgard Jorgensen, Style II and Vendel Period weaponry com-
parable to that of Aments continental phase AM II (cf W&G
p, l4l) appeared together in the AD 520s. Only about a genera-
tion later, c AD 540» did the first Stjde II Vendel Period jewellery
appear Aristocratic women would thus have retained Migra-
tion Period* Style I ornamented jewellery for about a generation
after men had adopted Vendel Period* Style II ornamented weap-
onry. Following Jorgensen & Norgard Jorgensen, then, we may
assume that GOKVl began later than WG 1 2, but that the phases
were partly contemporar}'.
There is one artefact type that appears in both the weap-
onry and jewellery seriations: the profiled strap end mount
(W&G type ZRl = KHN type C6b), This t>'pe is diagnostic
for the first phase of either s^'stem: WG12and GOKVl, The
mounts are very uncommon in the female graves and have
consequently pulled their graves to the early extremity of the
jewellery seriation, but they are clearly diagnostic for GOKVl.
Comparing the two seriations, it appears reasonable to as-
sume a common end date for AM III, WGl 2 and GOKVl
of AD 600. The synchronisation of GOKVl with a later part
of WGl 2 is supported by the topological links in table 7f
This leaves us with two dates to pinpoint through typo-
logical links with the weaponry sequence: the beginning of
GOKV2bc and the subsequent end of GOKV2ab. Table 7f
contains all the precious few^ source -critically viable and chro-
nologically useful combinations in VZG and the post-VZG
material from Barshalder, Assuming that none of the linking
objects were curated antiques, we may learn two things from
the table. GOKVl and WG12 were indeed at least partly
synchronous, GOKV2bcwasat least partly synchronous with
both WG34 and WG56. Well aware of the shaky basis for
conclusions in this matter, I suggest the correlation scheme
in tables 7g and 7h.
Hoilund Nielsen (1999b) has established robust chrono-
logical sequences for the Vendel Period, not only of Gotland,
but also of Bornholm and mainland Sweden, with an inter-
regional synchronisation scheme. I accept the three relative
sequences, but not their fine phasing, the synchronisation
scheme or the absolute dates.
With the absolute dates suggested in Hoilund Nielsen
1999b: 189* the first gripping- beasts would have appeared on
Gotland c. AD 700 and on Bornholm c, AD 750. I, on the
other hand, subscribe to the generally accepted date of c. AD
790 for all of the southern Baltic area (cf section 3.3.1).
The confusion regarding Gotland appears to be due to a
serious flaw in the interregional synchronisation scheme
(Hoilund Nielsen 1 999b:l 87-192), For instance, it places
the late Style III of Gotland's regional phase GOKV2c in the
same interregional phase as the late Style II (Orsnes 1966
style C) of Bornholnis BOKVl .
Speculating on how this error may have occurred, I wish
to offer two observations. 1) Female jewellery styles were
strongly local in the period under study This makes it difficult
to synchronise regional sequences. 2) As shown by Thunmark-
Nylen (1995a:555-559). VZG covers the earliest phase of the
Viking Period in addition to the Vendel Period, all under the
Vendel Period heading. If one assumes, incorrectly, that VZG
and Orsnes 1966 cover the same time span, one will automati-
cally synchronise the material culture of AD 340 in Gotland
with that of AD 790 in Bornholm.
Regarding Bornholm, the early date for the gripping-beasts is
a side effect ofHoilund Nielsen's selection of the t}'peM3 equal-
armed brooch as the flrst diagnostic type of the Early Viking
ZTheVendel Period
Fls-7:l Bhr I 967:04. Verdel Penod. Flat stone setting with igneous stone kerb covered with sandstone
flake brim. Diam 2.0 m Photograph by GustafTrotzIg 1963 (ATA).
Period. She has disregarded, the brooches with gripping-beast deco-
ration found in graves Lillevang 2 and B^kkegard 159> both be-
longrngto an earher part of the seriation that has been allocated Co a
final phase of the Vendel Period. These graves should in my opinion
mark the beginning of the Viking Period on Bornholm, c. AD 790.
As for mainland Sweden^ Hoilund Nielsen^s sequence ends ac
an earlier (pre -gripping-beast) date than that for Bornholm. This
means that the absolute dates suggested for the interregional se-
quence can actually be used for mainland Sweden, but only there.
Table 7g. Interregional correlation
of grave phases.
Franda
Bornholm
Gotland
Start
End
AH ll-lll
mn
WGI2
520
600
JH l-lll, Car.
WG34
WG34
600
750?
Carolingian
WG56
WG56
750?
840?
BOKVlab
GOKVI
540
600
BOKVkd. 2a
GOmab
600
750?
BOKVh
G0KV2bc
680?
790
BOmb, 3
Cm A
790
840?
Table 7f. Linking the female and
male sequences.
Weaponry
phase
W&G type
Grave
KHN type
Jewellery
phase
WGI2
R strap «nd
-
C6b
strap end
GOKVI
WGI2
RRU strap mount
Bhr 1960:11
-
GOKVI
WGI2
5P2 pommel
Bhr 1960:11
-
GOKVI
WG34
Rll2b strap mount
VZG grave 213
-
G0KV2bc
W06
GU5 strap buclde
VZG grave 391
-
G0KV2bc
Table 7h. Suggested correlation
scheme for the Vendel Period grave
chronology of Gotland*
Weaponry
Jewellery
520-540
WGI2
GoD2b
540-600
WGI2
GOKVI
600-680
WG34
G0KV2ab
680-750
WG34
G0KV2ab & 2bc
750-790
WG56
G0KV2bc
790-840
WG56
CsnA
y.TheVendel Period
7<4 Grave structures
and mode of disposal
Cremation was the rule at BarshaMer in the Vendel Period.
The BarshaMer corpus of graves datable from their furnish-
ings to the Vendel Period (n=96) assembled by the end of
1971 contains only three inhumation graves* and their oc-
currence is spread through the period. A fourth inhumation
(Bhr 1961:33c) without artefacts appears to represent a child
buried along with the opulent Bhr 1961:33a (cf section
7.6.1), None of these four inhumations has produced male
furnishings or adult maie-sex human bones.
The Migration Period graves in the Barshalder corpus have
largely been selected for excavation due to the visible tops of
the slab cists that formed their infrastructures, A third of the
Vendel Period graves* on the other hand* have been selected
due to visible superstructures* and another third displayed su-
perstructures once the turf was removed. Only a tenth of the
graves provided evidence indicating that they had never had
superstructures at all. All of the Vendel Period superstructures
were flat, round or slightly oval* single- or double-layer stone
settings (fig. 7:1). The only possible exception is the "damaged
mound" reported to have been partly covering Bhr 1399:30*
but this may be a case of differing terminology.
The diameters of the stone settings are continuously distribu-
ted from 1,4 to 3.3 m* in which interval 84% of the cases are
found. The remaining structures vary in diameter from 3,5 to
7.0 m and include some of the richest burials of the period.
A total of 55% of the stone settings produced evidence of
a kerb. With regard to the original ratio* this is a minimum
figure. Many graves were not excavated in their entirety, or
were badly damaged or poorly recorded. In seven cases* all
dating when determinable from WG12 or GOKV2ab, the
kerbs were made from igneous stones and covered with a
brim of sandstone flakes.
Study of the Vendel Period grave infrastructures at Barshalder
is impeded by Harald Laurins failure to describe the internal
structure of most of the graves that he excavated in 1899 (cf
section 3. 1,1 1). He did describe them in nine datable cases, in
most ofwhich the grave contained a cremation layer. As he speaks
in general terms of cremation graves and mentions very few cists*
it appears reasonable to assume that most of his graves did in
fact contain cremation layers.
Fig. 7:2 Bhr f 96f ;33a. Early Vendef Period. Cremation layer containing, among other things, a full cavalry display weapon
set and the bones of a mar, a horse and two dogs. 130 x80 x 12 cm. Photograph by Peter Manneke i96i (ATA).
70
y.TheVendel Period
We have descriptions from Barshalder of 66 Vendel Period
grave infrascrucrures. Of these, 50% were cremation layers (fig.
7:2)* 29% were cists and 21% were cremacion pits. In Bhr
1960:13* the cremation deposit was divided into two separate
layers* side by side, containing fragments of the same objects.
The cremation deposit of Bhr 1961:36 (identified by fragments
of one set of objects) was divided among three separate pits of
which only one, containing all the cremated bones and most
of the artefacts* was entirely covered by the superstructure, Bhr
1 931 :03 and Bhr 1 96l :33 had an internal stone circle around
the cremation layer, in the latter case also encompassing the
aforementioned unfurnished inhumation.
Compared to the cists of the Migration Period* those of
the Vendel Period are structurally and lithologically much more
heterogeneous. They vary from neat sandstone slab cists to
crude igneous block compartments. Their absolute dimensions
accord with the Migration Period norm (cf section 6,5) in
most cases* but as in that period there are also a few larger cists
(Bhr 1899:31, 1961:39a* 1961:40). The huge cists (355 and
475 cm long) reported by the finder of Bhr 1 884:01 -02 can-
not be credited. Neither the width/length proportions nor the
orientation of the Vendel Period cists differ significantly from
those of the Migration Period cists.
71
S.The Viking Period
8. The Viking Period
8. 1 Finds and excavated graves up to the
end of 1971
By the end of 1971 in cerms of excavations conducted by pro-
fessional archaeologists and 1997 regarding finds made by
amateurs, Barshalder had produced l42 securely proven an ced
assemblages including artefacts datable through the typolog)'
of WKG to the Viking Period, in other words Montelius pe-
riod VIIl (table 3a). A total of 126 of these are more or less
well -documented grave assemblages. Barshalder aside, Fide and
Grotlingbo parishes produced more than 49 provenanced as-
semblages (not counting hoards, see the index in section 13.1)
that included Viking Period artefacts. Many of these were prob-
ably originally looted from the cemetery itself The Barshalder
cemetery finds are distributed across the entire period but not
evenly: they concentrate heavily in the Late Viking Period, No
further Viking Period finds have been made during excava-
tions since the end of 1 971 . There appears to have been quite
a number of small additional cemeteries in the vicinity of
Barshalder in the Viking Period (see section 2.2.6.2, 2.2,6.4}.
Table Sa.Viking Period finds from Barshalder*
Context
Bhr 1871
Bhr IBS I
Bhr 1881
Bhr 1881
Bhr 1881
Bhr 1918
Bhr \m
Bhr 1927
Bhr 1927
Bhr 1928
Bhr 1931
Bhr 193^
Bhr 193^
Bhr I93S
Bhr I93S
Bhr I93S
Bhr I93S
Bhr I93S
Bhr I93S
Bhr I93S
Bhr I93S
Bhr I93S
Bhr I93S
Bhr I93S
Bhr I93S
Bhr I93S
Bhr 1936
Bhr 1936
Bhr 1936
Bhr 1936
Bhr 1936
Bhr 1936
Invno
4535
7581:02
7581:03
7581:06
7581:07
16124
16598 Roes 01
HM 19055:11
19055:13
HM 19055:11a
HH 19766:9
HM 20845:1
HM 21070
21242:1
GF CS654:l-5
GF C8654:6-I8
GF C«654:l9-27
GF C8654:28-34
GF C8654:35-36
GF C8 654:3 7^4
GF CS654:45-66
GF C8654:67-76
SHM 21242:11
GF C8654:77-78.
GF C8 654:79,82-84
GF C8 654:8 5 -89
21540:15
21540:16
21540:17
21540:19
21540:20
21540:21
-81
C em -sect ;
cluster
1-3
2
2
2
2
I
3
Property
Katllunds 1:33
Kattlunds 1:33
Katllunds 1:33
Kattlunds 1:33
Uddvide S
Roes 1:46
Uddvide S
Uddvide 5
Uddvide 5
Uddvide 5
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie ]:I6
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie f:l6
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie f:l6
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie f:l6
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie 1:16
Norrkvie 1:16
Date Gender Age
Source
qual
CsnD
CsnC
CsnC
CsnBC
im ABC
CsriD
CsnAB
CsriD
Csn ABC
CsnD
CsnD
CsnC
CsnCD
CsnC
CsnD
CsnD
CsnD
CsnC
CsnD
CsnD
CsnD
CsnD
CsnC
CsnD
CsnD
CsnD
CsnD
CsnC
CsnD
CsnD
CsnCD
CsnD
f
\
m
m
i
f
f
m
m
ity
Rite Sample
section 6.5
inh
inh
inh
?
(rem
inh
(rem
inh
(rem
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
inh
72
S.The Viking Period
Context
nvno
C em -sect ;
cluster
Property
Date Gender
Age
Source
quality
Rite Sample
section 8.5
Bhr 1936:22
m 21540:22
1:4
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1936:23
SHH 21540:23
1:4
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnCD
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1936:24
m 21540:24
1:4
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1936:25
SHH 2I540:2S
1:4
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1936:26
SHH 21540:26
1:4
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
2
inh 1
Bhr 1937:31
m 21880
1:4
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
f
A
3
inh 1
Bhr I947:0S
SHH 24097
Fride S
CsnCD
C
3
inh
Bhr 1950:01
GF 9890
1:2
Norrkvie J:I6
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1950:02
GF C9883
1:5
Roes 1:31
CsnD
f
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1952:01b
GF CI0I75
Rojrtiage 1:1
CsnD
2
4
inh
Bhr 1952:03
GF CIOI77:l-9
Roes 1:31
Csn ABC
f
1
(rem
Bhr 1952:04
GF [10177:10-13
Roes 1:31
Csn ABC
2
1
crem
Bhr 1957:01b
iHH pending alloc 1/57
Norrkvie 1
16
Csn A
f
A
3
inh
Bhr 1960:02a
SHH 27296:2a
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnC
\
}
3
crem 1
Bhr 1960:05
SHH 27296:5
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnCD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1960:06
SHH 27296:6
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1960:07
SHH 27296:7
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr I960:0&
SHH 27296:8
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
1
inh 1
Bhr 1960:18a
SHH pending alloc IOa/60
Uddvide S
CsnD
m
?
3
cfcm 1
Bhr 1961:01
SHH 27739:1/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
f
C
2
inh 1
Bhr 1961:01a
SHH 27739:la/6l
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnC
f
C
1
inh 1
Bhr 1961:01b
SHH 27739:lb/6l
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnC
\
c
1
inh 1
Bhr I96l:0k
SHH 27739:lc/6l
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnC
m
A
2
inh 1
Bhr l96J:0ldl
SHH 27739:ld/6l
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnC
f
}
3
crem 1
Bhr I96l:0ld2
SHH 27739:ld/6!
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnC
f
A
1
inh 1
Bhr 1961:02
SHH 27739:2/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
f
A
1
inh 1
Bhr 1961:03
SHH 27739:3/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnCD
f
C
3
inh 1
Bhr 1961:04
SHH 27739:4/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnCD
\
C
1
inh 1
Bhr 1961:05
SHH 27739:5/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1961:05a
SHH 27739:5a/6l
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
f
A
1
inh 1
Bhr 1961:06
SHH 27739:6/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnCD
f
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1961:07
SHH 27739:7/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
1
inh 1
Bhr 1961:08
SHH 27739:8/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1961:09
SHH 27739:9/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
\
A
2
inh 1
Bhr 1961:10
SHH 27739:10/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnCD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1961:11
SHH 27739:11/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
f
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1961:12
SHH 27739:12/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnCD
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1961:13
SHH 27739:13/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnCD
A
3
inh 1
Bhr I96I:M
SHH 27739:14/61
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnCD
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1962:01
SHH 27778:1/62
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnCD
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1962:02
SHH 27778:2/62
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1962:04
SHH 27778:4/62
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1962:06:1
SHH 27778:6/62:1
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1962:06:2
SHH 27778:6/62:2
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1962:07
SHH 27778:7/62
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1962:08
SHH 27778:8/62
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
\
C?
1
inh 1
Bhr 1962:09
SHH 27778:9/62
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1962:10
SHH 27778:10/62
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
1
inh 1
Bhr 1962:11
SHH 27778:11/62
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
1
inh 1
Bhr 1962:12
SHH 27778:12/62
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnCD
f
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1962:13:1
SHH 27778:13/62:1
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
f
A
1
inh 1
Bhr 1962:13:2
SHH 27778:13/62:2
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
f
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1962:14:1
SHH 27778:14/62:1
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1962:14:2
SHH 27778:14/62:2
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
Bhr 1963:01
SHH 27779:1/63
\A
Norrkvie 1
16
CsnD
m
A
3
inh 1
73
S.The Viking Period
Context
Invno
C em -sect ;
cluster
Property
Date Gender Age
Source
quality
Rite Sample
section 6.5
Bhr 1963:02
SHU 27779:2/63
1:4
Norrkvi« 1
16 Csn CD
f
A
inh
Bhr 1963:03
SHH 27779:3/63
1:4
Norrkvie 1
16 CsnD
m
A
inh
Bhr 1963:0^
SHH 27779:4/63
1:4
Norrkvi« 1
16 Csn D
m
A
inh
Bhr I963:{IS
SHH 27779:5/63
1:4
Norrkvie 1
16 Csn D
1
A
inh
Bhr I963:{I6
SHH 27779:6/63 &GF Dep 1440
1:4
Norrkvie 1
16 GnD
m
A
inh
Bhr 1965:01a
SHH 28043:1/65 A
1:4
Uddvide S
CsnD
f
A
inh
Bhr l96S:{llb
SHH 2S043:I/6S B
1:4
Uddvide S
GnD
f
A
inh
Bhr I96S:02
SHH 28043:2/6S
1:4
Uddvide S
CsnD
m
A
inh
Bhr 1966:01a
SHH32I8I:IA
1:4
Uddvide S
CsnD
f
)
(rem
Bhr 1966:01b
SHH32I8I:IBSGFCI0977
1:4
Uddvide S
CsnD
m
A
inh
Bhr 1966:0^
SHH 32I8L-4
1:4
Uddvide S
CsnD
-
-
(rem
Bhr mm
SHH 32181:5
1:4
Uddvide S
GnD
-
}
(rem
Bhr 1966:07
SHH 32181:7
1:4
Uddvide S
GnD
f
A
inh
Bhr I966:0&
SHH 32181:8
1:4
Uddvide S
CsnD
f
A
inh
Bhr I966:09N
SHH 32181:9/66 N
1:4
Uddvide S
CsnD
m
A
inh
Bhr I966:09S
SHH 32181:9/66 S
1:4
Uddvide S
CsnD
m
A
inh
Bhr 1966:10
SHH 32181:10
1:4
Uddvide S
CsnD
m
A
inh
Bhr 1966:11b
SHH32l8l:llb
1:4
Uddvide S
GnD
m
A
inh
Bhr 1966:12
SHH 32181:12
1:4
Uddvide S
GnD
m
A
inh
Bhr 1966:] 3
SHH 32181:13
1:4
Roes 1
28
Csn CD
\
A
inh
Bhr I966:M
SHH 32181:14
1:4
Roes 1
28
CsnD
m
A
inh
Bhr 1966:17
SHH 32181:17
1:5
Roes 1
28
CsnD
m
C
inh
Bhr 1966:18
SHH 32I8I:I«
1
Roes 1
28
GnA
m
A
(rem
Bhr 1966:19
SHH 32181:19
1:5
Roes 1
28
CsnD
f
A
inh 1
Bhr 1966:20
SHH 32181:20
1:5
Roes 1
28
Csn CD
m
A
inh 1
Bhr 1966:22
SHH 32181:22
1:5
Roes 1
28
CsnD
m
A
inh 1
Bhr 1966:23
SHH 32181:23
1:5
Roes 1
28
CsnD
m
A
inh 1
Bhr 1966:27a
SHH 32181:27a
1:5
Roes 1
28
CsnD
C
inh 1
Bhr 1966:27b
SHH 32181:27b
1:5
Roes 1
28
CsnD
m
C
inh 1
Bhr 1966:27c
SHH 32181:27c
1:5
Roes 1
28
GnD
2
A
inh 1
Bhr I966:27d
SHH32l8l:27d
1:5
Roes 1
28
GnD
m
A
inh
1
Bhr 1 966:2 7e
SHK32l8l:27e
1:5
Roes 1
28
CsnD
f
A
inh
1
Bhr 1966:28
SHH 32181:21
1:5
Roes 1
28
CsnD
m
A
(rem
1
Bhr 1966:29
SHH 32181:29
1:5
Roes 1
28
CsnD
m
A
inh
1
Bhr 1966:30a
SHH 32181:30a
1:5
Roes 1
28
CsnD
A
inh
1
Bhr 1966:31
SHH 32181:31
1:5
Roes 1
28
CsnD
m
A
inh
1
Bhr 1967:31
SHH 32623:31/63-67
2
Rojrhage 1:1 Gn A
F
?
inh
Bhr 1967:36
SHH 32623:36/63-67
2
Rojrhage 1:1 Csn AB
m
)
(rem
Bhr 1968:01
SHH 32183
1:4
Uddvide S
GnD
f
A
inh
1
Bhr 1971:01
SHH 32184:1/71
1:5
Roes 1:28
CsnD
{
A
inh
1
Bhr 1971:02
SHH 32184:2/71
1:5
Roes 1:28
CsnD
m
A
inh
1
Bhr sLray
GF C70I
?
?
Vik Per
Bhr stray
GF no2
?
7
Vik Per
Bhr sLray
GF C8S72-S576
7
Osterby \\i
Vik Per
Bhr stray
GF ztm
1
Norrkvie 1:16 Vik Per
Bhr stray
GF CS&9I
1
Norrkvie 1:16 Vik Per
Bhr stray
Riga 5600
1
y
Vik Per
Bhr sLray
Priv coll Hafdell
5
Fride S
Vik Per
Bhr stray
SHH 2393
?
?
Vik Per
Bhr sLray
SHH 7871:130
1
y
Vik Per
Bhr stray
SHH 10939 B:SO
1
}
Vik Per
Bhr stray
SHh 14038
?
y
Vik Per
Bhr stray
SHH 14307
?
y
Vik Per
Bhr SLray
SHH 19766
3
y
Vik Per
Bhr stray
SHH 32181
i
Roes 1:28
Vik Per
74
S.The Viking Period
8.2Topographic distribution
Viking Period finds have been made at Barshalder in cemetery
seccions 1, 2, 5, 5 and 7. By far che greatest number of the
Viking Period finds derive from section 1 (the parish gravel
pit), at the northern end of the cemetery.
8.3 Chronology
The typochronology of the Viking Period on Gotland has been
the subject of intense and solid research by Anders Carlsson
(1985. 1988) and Lena Thunmark^Nylen (WKG and earlier
papers) during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. While the t^^â– o
scholars agree on the relative sequence of the Viking Period
jewellery types, recently illustrated in WKG I-II, they do not
agree regarding its absolute dates. Carlsson (1983:73) dates it
to AD 725-1 1 50, Thunmark^Nylen to AD 800^1 250 (Thun^
mark-Nylen 1938, 1991a, 1995a). I favour Thunmark-Nylens
date for the beginning of the period and Carlsson's for the end,
for reasons that will be given in the following two sections,
8.3.1 The beginning of the Viking Period
The material culture of the Early Viking Period is similar to that
of the Late Vendel Period, So similar, in fact, that it has led to
debate regarding where to draw the line between the Vendel
Period finds and the Viking Period finds in the relative chrono-
logy. There is agreement about the relative sequence, so this de-
bate boils down to issues of absolute chronology. The beginning
of a typological entity called the Viking Period should in my
opinion be defined so as to coincide with the onset of the his-
torically documented Viking raids: Lindisfarne AD 793. What
we need* then* is a widespread archaeological type or attribute
that appears at about this time. I believe that we have an excel-
lent one in the gripping-beast ornament. Foil owing Thunmark-
Nylen (1995a), Wamers (1999). Wilson (2001) and Miiller-
Wille (2001); and contra Nerman (VZG), Anders Carlsson
(1983) and Hoilund Nielsen (1 999a, 1 999b); 1 date its appear-
ance to c, AD 800* or* more precisely* c. AD 790, Following
Thunmark-Nylen (WKG)* Wilson (1995) and Miiller-Wille
(2001); and contra Nerman (VZG)* Anders Carlsson (1983)
and Hoilund Nielsen (1999a, 1999b); I take the typological
Viking Period to begin with the appearance of the gripping-
beast ornament.
An important factor in recent debate on this issue has
been the date of the earliest production of Berdal brooches
and other gripping-beast jewellery at Ribe in Jutland, This
has now been securely placed in the interval AD 790^800
(Feveile & Jensen 2001). For a summary of previous discus-
sion see Steuer 1994:651-652* 666 with refs.
8.3.2The end of the Viking Period
The end of the Viking Period and the beginning of the Scan-
dinavian Middle Ages cannot be given an inter -region ally valid
definition like the one for the Viking Period's beginning. East
of the Baltic Sea, Viking raids gave way seamlessly to the so-
called crusades of the Early Middle Ages. Christian isation is
an important factor in the definition of the end of the histori-
cal Viking Period, and it moved rather slowly through
Scandinavia and the Baltic area. For southern Scandinavia* the
period shift has been placed at numerous dates: from the es-
tablishment of a strong state and effective royal rule in Den-
mark by Harold Bluetooth in the late 10th century to Lena
Thunmark-Nylen's (1938, 1991a. 1991b) late and contested
(Anders Carlsson 1983, 1990) dating to the mid-1 3th century
of the abandonment of Scandinavian-style jewellery on
Gotland. The period names Viking Period and Early Middle
Ages have often been used carelessly* and* without proper quali-
fication and definition they are useless.
First, I must justify my siding with Anders Carlsson in
the debate regarding the absolute end-dates on Gotland of
furnished burial (c. AD 1 1 25) and the production of Scandi-
navian-stj'le jewellery (c. AD 1 1 50). Thunmark-Nylens ar-
guments for dates c, AD 1 200 and later are as follows.
1 . Silver jewellery of Late Viking Period typ^^ ^^ been found
in eoin-dated hoards with tpq in the 13th and J4th centu-
ries (Thunmark-Nylen 1 991 a:l 56-1 58). But the jewellery
need not have been new when buried. Cf. the 1 1th cen-
tury Bv'zantine silver cup (Aron Andersson 1983:18-1 9*
plate 1 5 A-F) found in the hoard from Dune in Dalhem
parish* tpq c. AD 1380 (Eimer 1966:203).
2. Sixteen copper alloy howls like those fund in Go tlandic graves
were found in the hoard fom Mdetaguse in Estonia, coin-
dated with tpq AD 1237. The numher of howls makes it tin-
likely that they were antiques when ^^nW (Thunmark-Nylen
199la:l63-l65)r But the Maetaguse bowls (Hausmann
19l4*Tamla 1999) are in fact not directly comparable with
the Gotlandic ones (cf Trotzig 1991a). Their closest coun-
terparts in the Gotlandic material are undecorated B ves-
sels with turned-out rims. Compared to these, the Maeta-
guse bowls are smaller in diameter (23-25-5 cm rather than
c. 30 cm), and Hausmann does not mention any elaborate
working of the bottom plates as is characteristic for the
Gotlandic bowls. Although these bowls are all variations
on the theme of the Medieval hand-washing basin* the
Maetaguse bowls do not seem to have been made in the
same period and area as the Godandic ones.
3. Composite douhle-sided combs, known fom graves, appeared
in ^eaternuTnbers c. AD 1200 in ^e towns of mainhind Swe-
den (Thunmark-Nylen 1 991 a:l 68-1 69). But as Thunmark-
Nylen herself points out* they are known from 1 1th century
contexts in Lund and 12th centurycontextsat Albacksborg*
Stettin, Kolobrzeg and Schleswig* alt in the southern Baltic
area (Thunmark-Nylen 1991a:l 68-1 69 with refs.),
4. Three heavily tvom and repaired crystal pendants, of a type
knoumfivm Godandic ^aves, have beenfotmdin a coin-dated
75
S.The Viking Period
grave at MartimaLi in Latuiay tpq AD 1192 (Thunniark-
Nyl^n 1991a:178-179). But none of che similar pendants
found in graves on Gotland are worn to a comparable de-
gree, so those graves must be much earlier than the Latvian
one. The pendants were precious jewellery icems and prob-
ably worn only very rarely* so it must have taken a longtime
for the Latvian ones Co reach che scate in which they were
found.
5. Animal-head brooches are commonly found in the churchyards
ofchnrchesdateduptoAD 1180byStreIow(ykunm3rli-^y\6n
1991a: 180-1 83}. But Strelow's dates* if at all authentic, are
the latest possible ones for the first church ac each church-
yard. Indeed, the number of brooches per churchyard does
not correlate with Strelow's dates [for instance, dwindling
with time), but with the sample sizes for the different peri-
ods involved (Thunniark-Nylen 1991 a: 183* table 3), What
Thunmark-Nylen has demonstrated is chat* r^rdless of their
Strelowian daces, the more churchyards we sample che more
brooches do we find.
6, Furnished hurial with penannular brooches persisted into the
13th-l6th centuries in the eastern Baltic area (Thunmark-
Nylen 1991 a: 183-1 85). But these brooches are not of the
same tj'pes as those found on Gotlandic graves.
As shown above, I find Thunmark-Nylen's six arguments un-
convincing. It appears that* upon che realisacion that the Vi-
king Period did not actually end in the mid-1 1th century as
once assumed, she over-reacted and pushed the date as far for-
ward as it would conceivably go. Anders Carlsson's (1983:77-
79* 1990:10-1 1) argumencs still stand: coin finds dace Csn D
up to c. AD 1 1 00* and the brooches of Csn E are too few and
typologically homogeneous for the phase Co have lasted for an
entire century.
As for che Viking-Medieval period interface* in Gotland's
case* there are at least seven phenomena {listed below} chat
can be taken Co mark ic* all of them with severe limitations to
their chronological usefulness. To begin with* none of them
occurred simultaneously enough all over the island to mark a
pan -Gotlandic period break. Furthermore, each of these pro-
cesses had its own scare and end daces, and chus the periods
of change in different phenomena overlap only partly.
Their dates can be fixed in four partly exclusive dating
systems: relative artefacc chronology for Scandinavian-scyle
artefacts and churches* relative art-historical chronology for
Romanesque architecture and sculpture, absoluce calibrated
radiocarbon daces and absolute calendar dates from coins and
dendrochronology. It is important Co noce that almost any
combination of these phenomena may have occurred some-
where on Gotland in che early 12th century (fig. 8:1). Note
that dates are provisional and rely on Strelow (1633/1978,
cf Kyhlberg 1991:271 * Wase 1995) for che early 11th cen-
tury.
1. Abandonment of pagan cemeteries, C. AD 1030-1125
(Anders Carlsson 1983:78-79).
2. Abandonment of furnished burial. C. AD 1030-1125
(Anders Carlsson 1983:78-79).
3. Consecration of new Christian churchyards and the be-
ginning of burial there. C. AD 1030-1200 (Kyhlberg
1991:145-171).
4. Erection of Scandinavian -style wooden churches.
C, AD 1030-1200 (Kyhlberg 1991:145-171).
5. Final phase of Scandinavian-scyle jewellery* Csn E.
CAD 1100-1150 (Anders Carlsson 1983:78-79)^
6. Abandonment of the silver hoarding custom.
CAD 1125-1150 (Jonsson in prep,).
7. Erection of Romanesque stone churches, in some cases be-
ginning with a stone chancel added to the nave of a wooden
church. CADI 125-1250 (Lagerlof&Svahnstrom 1991:19.
163).
For archaeological purposes* it seems that number 5 above pro-
vides the most useful definition of the end of the Viking Pe-
riod on Gotland. Ic enables us to allocate all Scandinavian-
scyle jewellery to the Viking Period. This* however* provides
no positive definition of the beginning of che Middle Ages. I
would surest number 7, which leads to an overlap between
the two periods of a generations length in a pan-Gotlandic
perspective. In this study, then, the Viking Period on Gotland
is considered to end c. AD 1 150 with the abandonment of
Scandinavian-style jewellery as defined in WKG, The Middle
Ages on Gotland begin with the erection of the first Ro-
manesque stone church, that is* probably the one in Havdhem*
c. AD 1125,
8.3.3 Phasing the Viking Period
8,3.3, 1 Relative chronology of the Viking Period
The phasing of the Viking Period on Gotland is inextricably
wound up with the finds and copochronology of the cemetery
at Ire in Hellvi parish near the northern end of che island
(Stenberger 1 962), whose Viking Period section seems to have
been excavated almost in its entiretj'. Stenberger divided che
southern end of the Ire cemetery into five chronological groups
on the basis of the grave furnishings: Late Vendel, Vendel- Vi-
king Transition, Early Viking, Middle Viking and Lace Viking
(Stenberger 1962* Abb. 21). All of these grave inventories fie
wichin che WKG definition of the Viking Period (Thunmark-
Nylen 1 995a* WKG), and Stenberger s work can chus be read
as an implicit five-phase chronology of the Viking Period.
Anders Carlsson's chronology^ for the animal -head brooches
(1983:73) has five phases (Csn A-E) and that for the pen annular
brooches (198S:68-76) also five {Csn B-E, with phase D sub-
divided into nameless halves* here lermed Csn Dl and D2).
Both of these chronologies are based on the seriation of indi-
vidual artefacts and thus avoid many of the source -critical prob-
76
S.The Viking Period
leins of grave inventories. Thunmark-Nylen's chronology^ for
the box-shaped brooches [19S3:101 -103) also has five phases.
It is based on "technical stratigraphy"* in other words a de-
tailed study of the craftsmen's methods, where these intricate
brooches were copied in successive generations through the
centuries. The chronologies for animal-head and box-shaped
brooches begin at the appearance of the gripping-beast orna-
ment, and thus cover the same interval as WKG. The
penannular brooch sequence begins later.
Troizig (199la:l37-139) dates all the Late Viking Period
graves with copper alloy vessels except Bhr 196l:01d2 (of Csn
C date, with a unique brass drinking bowl) to the lace 11th
century, corresponding in date to Csn D2. This entails a half-
century hiatus during Csn Dl in the custom of placing copper
alloy vessels in graves. Trotzig also draws attention to the recur-
ring combination of copper alloy vessels and Baltic Ware pots
(cf Roslund 2001) with bottom marks, as well as a range of
small metalwork types (1991 a: 1 69-1 71), interpreting this as a
late 1 1th century tj'pological phase, here termed Trotzig D2.
At the time of writing, WKG III with type definitions and
phasing is still in preparation and has not been available to me.
It will define a four-phase chronology (paper read by Lena
Thunniark-Nylen at the Archaeological Research Laboratory,
University of Stockholm, 21 February 2002). WKG I suggests
a relative sequence for 52 rich Viking Period graves (WKG
1:39-90) from Barshalder, but presents no definitions of types
or phasing. This sequence correlates nicely with the Csn C-D
division, with WKG I:40-48 containing only Csn C brooches
and WKG 1:49-90 containing Csn D brooches and four Csn
C stragglers (WKG 1:49. 50, 74, 71), The subdivision of Csn
D, however, does not fit the WKG I sequence at all. Graves
with Csn Dl brooches are placed very late {WKG 1:64, 77,
90) and a Csn D2 brooch is placed very early (WKG 1:53),
Nor does Trotzig's D2 phase correlate well with the WKG I
sequence for Barshalder. Bottom-marked pots appear already
from WKG 1:55 and copper alloy vessels from WKG 1:56, both
artefact categories continuing through to the end of the sequence.
This means thatTrotzigD2 would encompass 86% of the well-
furnished graves of Csn D. Topochronology indicates strongly
that the excavated sample at Barshalder is evenly distributed
through time from the late Csn C to the end of Csn D, Assum-
ing that the WKG I sequence is roughly correct; and assuming
constant population size, mortality rate and level of burial ex-
penditure; this would mean that Trotzig Dl lasted for little more
than a decade. These Trotzig Dl graves (WKG 1:49-54) are not
distinguished by the presence of any exclusive arte^ct types, only
by the absence of vessels. The conclusion must thus be that Trotzig
was wrong in supposing a short phase of deposition for the bot-
tom-marked pots and the metal vessels, forming a late sub-phase
of Csn D. There was no early 1 1 th century hiatus in the deposi-
tion of metal vessels,
Trotzig's (1991a: 137-139) two-phase production chronol-
ogy for the metal vessels rests mainly on the level of wear on
the vessels, with the addition of a few primary typological ele-
ments of decoration and alloy composition. Only eight graves
with metal vessels datable in the production chronology are
included in WTCG I. Two of them belong to Trotzigs earlier
production phase, and they do appear early in the WKG I
sequence (WKG 1:56 & 59)- However, one of them is a cop-
per D-vessel and the other a brass B-vessel, so their "early"
production dates are not commensurable. The upshot of this
is that the production chronology of the metal vessels is not
helpful in subdividing Csn D. This is hardly surprising, since
Trotzigs wear -based production chronology assumes that al-
Fig,8:l The Viking Period -Medieval Period
transition in Gotland,
Abandonment of pagan cemeteries.
CAD 1030-1125,
Abandonment of furnished burial,
CAD 1030-1125,
Consecration of new Christian churchyards,
CAD 1030-1200.
Erection of Scandinavian-style wooden churches,
CAD 1030-1200,
Final phase of Scandinavian-style jewellery, Csn E,
CAD I 100-1150,
Abandonment of the silver hoarding custom.
CAD I 125-1 150,
Erection of Romanesque stone churches,
CAD 1125-1250,
77
S.The Viking Period
though the vessels were produced during two different phases,
they were deposited roughly at the same time,
Hultheii's(1983. 1984. 1991) interpretation of the uni^
formity among the pots with identical swastika marks as evi-
dence of an extremely short production run must also be
called into question. Either these pots were all produced early
in Csn D and then buried one by one for roughly 75 years,
or they are products of a workshop with uniform technical
and artistic standards, operating with the same equipment
throughout Csn D. [It should also be pointed out that the
list of the 35 studied pots in Hulthen 1983 and 1991 is a
rather confused affair where five pots (numbers 6, 7, 8, 12,
24) are given the wrong grave numbers and six (numbers 2,
4, 5) 22, 31, 35) are inadequately identified.]
It is possible to discern a late Csn D horizon among the
male graves (Thunmark-Nylen 1991 a: 184-1 86) on the grounds
of some rare artefact types including the penannular brooch
TRA:KSV/LA (Anders Carlsson 1988). This is not, however,
very helpful in the establishment of a pan-Gotlandic phase
system for the Viking Period, as the number of graves with
these rare tj'pes is very small. They seem to form a sub-cultural
group greatly outnumbered by contemporaries with artefacts
of general Csn D types.
Constructing an independent Viking Period phasing sys-
tem for Barshalder seems gratuitous in view of the rather solid
ones in existence and the even more solid one slated to appear
soon with WKG III, Furthermore, most of the Viking Period
graves excavated at Barshalder date from Csn D. Very few box-
shaped brooches are known from Barshalder, and nearly all of
those with documented fmd contexts were found with ani-
mal-head brooches. Thus, I have used Anders Carlsson's phas-
ing of the animal-head and penannular brooches as the rela-
tive-chronological backbone of the Viking Period at Barshalder,
slotting other artefact categories into his sequence when needed
through comparisons with the assemblages published in WKG
I. The two brooch types form the nuclei of the period s female
and male gender assemblages respectively.
In deference to Thunmark-Nylen's authority, although the
WKG I sequence for Barshalder has not yet been analytically
justified in print, I have disregarded Carlsson's Dl /D2 subdi-
vision. The same goes for Trotzig's subdivision, for reasons given
above. It is not with present knowledge possible to subdivide
Csn D on the grounds of any common artefact classes.
It should, however, be noted that the Urnes style of deco-
ration makes its first appearance very early in the WKG I
sequence (WKG 1:55 & 59), corresponding to a date in the
AD 1010s. On genealogical grounds a date in the 1020s or
1 030s has actually recently been su^ested by Horn Fuglesang
(2001:182) for the style's genesis in Uppland, However, as
the memorial stones raised for the men who perished on
Ingvar's exhibition all possess pre-Urnes designs, this man-
oeuvre has forced her to discount the historically established
date of the expedition, AD 104l (Horn Fuglesang 2001: 178-
1 79}- In my opinion, a genesis of the Urnes style in Uppland
in the 1040s is, as is generally accepted (Graham -Campbell
1980, Horn Fuglesang 1993, Wilson 1995). more likely.
Therefore there is either somethingwrongwith the details of
Thunmark-Nylen's sequence for Barshalder in WKG I, or
with the assumption of constant population size, mortality
rate and level of burial expenditure.
Rundqvist Nilsson's (1990) three-phase chronology of dress
pins is quoted in the catalogue. Her Early Viking Period corre-
sponds to Csn B, her Middle Viking Period to Csn C and her
Late Viking Period to Csn D-R
8,3.3.2 Absolute chronology of the Viking Period phases
As indicated in section 8.3.1 , dating the appearance of the grip-
ping-beast ornament to c. AD 790 gives new absolute dates to
Csn A and Csn B. Assuming constant brooch production
through Csn A-B, I have allocated the two phases time in pro-
portion to their respective numbers of animal-head brooches in
Carlsson's catalogue. This places the period shift at c. AD 840.
The revised dates for Csn A and B thus correspond to those
su^ested by Norgard Jorgensen for W&G s phases VI and VIL
Hoilund Nielsen's (1 999a. 1 999b) Vendel Period chronolo-
gy fares similarly to Carlsson's brooch phases, with her Gotlandic
phases GOKV3a and GOKV3b (and the late end of GOKV2c)
ending up in the interval AD 790-900. As for Nerman's VZG
chronology, some of the badly defined period VII:4 material
and all of period VII:5 ends up there.
There seems to be no reason, however, to modify the ab-
solute dates for Csn C-E (AD 900-1 1 50}. Carlsson's table of
animal-head brooches per period (1983:75 table 11), with
the addition of the penannular brooches {1988:68-76} may
thus be recalculated as shown in table 8b. As already noted in
section 7.3.10, the male graves of the 9th century are diffi-
cult to identify.
Table 8b. Suggested absolute chronology
of the Viking Period on Gotland.
A-h
Penan
A-h/
25 Yn
Penan/
ISyrs
CmA
AD 790-840
MA
5t
CinB
AD 8^0-900
154
70
64
29
CsnC
AD 900-1(100
443
444
III
III
CmD
AD lOOO-llOO
569
520
142
130
CinE
AD 1 100-1150
189
259
95
130
To date, despite the abundance of well-preserved grave
finds* no-one has suggested a phasing system for the Viking
Period on Gotland with any phase shorter than 40 years. Most
scholars have stopped at 100-year phases for the 10th and
1 1th centuries. Even Thunmark-Nylen's encyclopaedic work
has apparently permitted no finer chronolog)'. This is of course
unimpressive in comparison* for example* to the chronology
of the Roman Iron Age (Lund Hansen 19S7).
78
S.The Viking Period
The failure of Viking Period fine-chronolog)' is* as far as
I can see, due to the previously meinioned methods of the
periods metalworkers* who copied old jewellery time and
time again through centuries (Thunmark-Nylen 1983, Anders
Carlsson 19S3). The successive generations of copies can be
and have been seriated in detail* but the problem is to pro-
duce synchronised phasing for the seriations of different copy
hneages and artefact classes. The depositional chronology of
the graves introduces further uncertainty into a set of aheady
extremely complicated sequences. The basic difference of
Roman Iron Age chronology and Viking Period chronology,
in my view* is that the former deals with unique pieces found
in the graves of fashion-sensitive aristocrats* whereas the lat-
ter treats the imitative products of part-time craftsmen, ca-
tering to customers with conservative tastes,
8.3.4 Uneven Viking Period representation at
Barsh alder
The last phase of burial at Barshalder generated the north-
ernmost part of the cemetery in section 1 (the parish gravel
pit}* which grew from a few graves dug late in Csn C con-
tinuously through Csn D.
Prior to this horizon there is a gap in the recorded Barshalder
sequence, with very few graves from Csn A-C, Judging from
19th century stray finds and Gustafsons excavations of 1B81
that were not directed by rescue concerns* this is simply be-
cause that part of the cemetery still remains largely intact* away
from the road in cemetery sections 2 and 3.
Disregarding the late Csn C graves of cemetery section 1
that represent the establishment of the final burial plots at
Barshalder* there are only twelve clearly datable graves of Csn
A-C known from the cemetery; six of them female* four male,
one gender-neutral and one ambiguous (table 8a). They are
too few and too inconsistently documented to warrant closer
study on their own* and the following studies will thus treat
only the graves of Csn C-D in detail,
8.3.5 The last burial at Barshalder
Barshalder has produced no Csn E brooches. This is not sur-
prising given the fact that Csn E is defined precisely by com-
mon jev^'ellery Types that are rarely found in graves. Most
Csn E jewellery was produced after the final abandonment
of furnished burial on Gotland.
Bhr 1962:14:1 and 1966:12 & l4 contained penannular
brooches of the FAC:S rom:a type. Anders Carlsson (1988:77-
80) divided this type into an early Csn D2 subtype and a late
Csn E subtype, on the strength of a separate study of three
typological elements. Staecker (2001:238-243) disregarded this
subdivision when studying the end-dates of the pagan ceme-
teries, with unfortunate results. The Barshalder brooches in
question belong unequivocally to the Csn D2 subtype. As de-
scribed in section 8.3.3, however, the type appears already very
early in the WKG I sequence for Barshalder* which indicates
that its production cannot in fact be limited to a late part of
CsnD.
The last grave in the WKG I sequence (WKG 1:90* Bhr
1966:27b) is instead a child's grave equipped with two
brooches of Csn Dl and Csn D respectively, and a set of very
unusual belt mounts with no parallels in WKG I-II* but simi-
lar to a stray fmd from Grotlingbo parish {SHM 11933).
This grave* a child's grave with belt mounts of types other-
wise unknown from graves* indeed seems a much better can-
didate for the position as last grave of the Barshalder sequence.
New artefact types are most likely to turn up first in children's
graves (Gebiihr 1994:83-85). The reason that these belt
mounts are so uncommon may be that furnished burial ceased
on Gotland shortly after the burial of Bhr 1 966:27b. The last
burial at the Barshalder cemetery should thus be placed very
late in Csn D, around AD 1 1 00. This coincides neatly with
the date given by Strelow (1 633/1978, cf Kyhlberg 1 991 :271 *
Wase 1995) for the foundation of the church of Grotlingbo*
AD 1090.
8.4 Demography
A total of 1 13 of the 123 known Csn C-D graves of cemetery
section 1 formed five spatial clusters* two large and three small
ones* partly dehmited by modern disturbances but originally
separate from each other (fig, 10:1 , table 8c), The gender ra-
tios are female 37% {n=42)* male 49% (n=55) and gender-
neutral (including one gender-ambiguous grave) l4% (n=l6).
These ratios indicate that unlike the cases of the Migration
and Vendel Periods* most gender -neutral graves of the Late
Viking Period belonged to women. We may assume a roughly
even gender representation among the original burials.
Table 8c. Late Viking Period grave
clusters in cemetery section I.
Grave
duster
Grig tot
Adults
Date
Median
status score
1 (NW)
15
15
(snD
135
2|SW|
>2B
23
On C-D
119
3 (centre)
>13
II
Csn C-D
92
ME)
>39
39
Csn (C-)D
64
5(NE)
>18
[5
CsnD
83
The graves were all probably dug within a period of 1 00-
125 years. Ten of them can be determined as the graves of
children. The sample thus has an abnormally low ratio of bur-
ied children and cannot represent the entire mortality of the
burying population. Assuming on the other hand that all adults
were buried^ what is the minimum conceivable size of the popu-
lation?
Following Don ie's (1999:1 39-1 5 7 with refs.) demographical
study of Scliretzheim we may perform the following calcula-
tions, 103 adult graves, assuming a child mortality of 45%* re-
79
S.The Viking Period
present a total number of 1 49 dead (D). We assume a mean life
expectancy for newborn children (e ) of 28 years. The duration
of burial (t) was c. 1 12.5 years. Acsadi & Nemeskeris (1957)
formula {P = {Dxe / t)s 1.1) gives a total population size of 4l
people, which is a minimum figure as we do not know the total
original extent of all five grave clusters.
The clusters were certainly not originally all of the same
size. Only three of them, among them the smallest cluster,
included graves of Csn C. The typologically latest grave of
the cemetery (cf section 8.3.5) was in one of the smaller
clusters. It thus appears that although the grave clusters were
probably partly used concurrently, they were neither begun
nor terminated at the same time. Details are hazy as we have
no fme chronology for the 1 1th century.
As will be discussed in a future publication, the relative
status of the grave furnishings can be studied quantitatively.
Among the well-preserved (source quality 1-2) Csn C-D
graves of cemetery section 1 * the median status score of the
grave clusters turns out to be inversely proportional to their
size {cf. table 8c). In other words* the highest level of burial
investment is found in the smallest clusters. This indicates
that wealthy lineages and/or the holders of important offices
had separate burial plots.
The spatial clustering can be assumed to reflect somehow
the social organisation of the burying population. How large
were the social units behind the grave clusters? Applying
Acsadi & Nemeskeri's formula to the largest preserved grave
cluster and assuming that burial took place there for 1 00 years,
we may suggest a population size of at least 17 people. As-
suming that no more than 1 5 of the cluster's graves have been
lost to gravel extraction* the maximum population size would
be 24 people, A total of 17-24 people of all ages clearly indi-
cates a multi-household farm of the kind suggested by Anders
Carlsson (19S3:31-37). However* the great majority of the
graves seem to have been handsomely furnished* which indi-
cates that only the free were given formal burial. To the
farmstead^s at least 17 free inhabitants of all ages should most
likely be added a considerable number of slaves. It is also
possible* as discussed above, that the "lords and ladies of the
manor" were buried apart from the less exalted inhabitants
of the farmstead.
8.5 Burial ritual
A major change of burial ritual took place during the Csn
ABC lacuna among the Barshalder finds to date. During this
time inhumation replaced cremation as the dominant rite,
and burial weaponry was scaled down from the full cavalry
equipment of the Vendel Period to a symbolic axe. These
changes were already fully established when Csn C-D burial
began in cemetery section 1. It is tempting to see this estab-
lishment of new burial plots with a radically new set of burial
customs in the late 10th century as an indication in itself of
the societal changes of the time. At Barshalder, burial was
removed from both physical and symbolic association with
the past at about the same time as Harold Bluetooth boasted
at Jelling that he had Christianised the Danes.
The symbolism of the grave goods and their placement
will be discussed in a future publication, A preliminary ver-
sion of those studies* also including parts of the following,
were presented at the EAA Annual Meeting in Bournemouth*
16 September 1999 (Rundkvist 2001).
8.5.1 Sampling
The sample under study in section 8,5 has been selected as
follows.
Graves
datable to Csn C-D by artefacts, or* lacking such* grave struc-
ture and topo chronology;
in cemetery section 1;
adequately preserved and documented.
The sample consists of 109 graves (see table 8a) and omits
only 17 of the securely datable Viking Period graves known
from Barshalder. The reason for this procedure is the fact that
so few graves of Csn A-Chave been excavated at the cemetery.
The topochronology of cemetery section 1 indicates that Vi-
king Period burial began in the area near the end of Csn Cand
continued according to similar customs until the end of Csn
D. The two Csn C graves from cemetery section 2 probably
date from an earlier part of the phase and are thus not imme-
diately commensurable with those in section 1,
A total of 76% of all known inhumation graves in the
cemetery section had been more or less disturbed by grave
robbing* cultivation or gravel extraction* or a combination
of all three. Small-scale grave robbing seems to have taken
place already in antiquity, but in the main it can be dated to
the cultivation works of the 1 9th century. The robbers were
experienced: they generally targeted the head ends of the burial
trenches, where marketable bronze jewellery could be found,
and often left the foot -ends with pots and mostly broken
copper alloy vessels untouched.
8.5.2 Grave structures and mode of disposal
Of the 1 09 graves in the sample, only six (6%) were crema-
tions. The cremation graves display no significant differences
in date or gender ratio when compared to the inhumation
graves.
Only one stone superstructure remained* the massive stone
setting of Bhr 1966:01a. Most graves were dug at a respectful
distance from other graves* the inhumations generally con-
forming to the orientation of the surrounding graves. Hap-
hazard cutting of earlier inhumations was conspicuously ab-
sent. This indicates that clearly visible grave markers had ex.-
isted, probably round stone settings of the kind known from
80
S.The Viking Period
contemporaneous graves e,g, at Ire in Hellvi. Such markers
hail been cleared away in Barshalder cemecery section 1 in
the \^th century.
Three of the grave clusters lacked recognisable visible foci.
The NW cluster was gathered arouud tv/o graves originally
topped with small wooden buildiugs {Bhr 1962:02 & 1962:06;
Trotzig 1964» 1991a:211'2l4) and the neighbouring one had
two central graves (Bhr 1961:02 & 1961:08) incorporating
small post holes without any clear pattern. Four-post build-
ings are also known froui three Csn D cremation graves at
Molner in Vate parish [Lindqiiist 1982:69-70. 54:-5(^. 76-78;
WKG IV:745-746) and one Csn C inhumation at Ire in Hellvi
parish (Stenberger 1 962: 1 22-1 23, WKG IV:436),
As for infrastructure, the preserved n on -inhumation -trench
infrastructures comprised three cremation pits and one crema-
tion layer. Most of the inhumation trenches were equipped
with elaborate internal structures. Igneous drystone walls, sand-
stone wall slabs and end slabs, nailed wooden coffins and cov-
ering stone layers were all common (figs. 8:2-8:4), These in-
ternal structures correlate in interesting ways with the gender
and age of the deceased. I entered the relevant data on a sample
of source quality 1-2 graves into a presence/absence database
in WinBASP 1 994. producing a daiaset with 42 units and 1 4
attributes. Correspondence analysis produced the scattergram
in flg. 8:5 (cf- table 8d), This diagram demonstrates that gen-
erally the most intricate internal trench structures belonged to
adult men. while many adult women were placed in simpler
graves. Finally, the graves of children were generally very sim-
ply arranged. No corresponding differences existed among the
burial furnishings. Many female graves, both those of adults
and children, were very richly furnished.
A few other interesting correspondences can be seen in
fig. 8:5- Covering stone layers are strongly linked to female
graves. Lid slabs, on the other hand, are strongly linked to
we St -orientated graves. It appears reasonable to interpret the
two latter traits as results of the same Christian influences.
The lid slabs of inhumation trenches at Barshalder in the
11th century should thus be seen as forerunners of the in-
scribed Christian lid slabs of the 12th century (Hamner &
Wideen 1940:55-58, Staecker 1999a).
The internal length of the inhumation trenches ranges
from 100 to 340 cm and is continuously distributed in the
interval 200 to 300 cm, where 84% of the values are found
(median 255 cm). The width ranges from 40 to 90 cm and is
continuously distributed in the interval 45 to 70 cm, where
85% of the values are found {median 35 cm). The depth
ranges from 1 5 to 95 cm and is continuously distributed in
the interval 40 to 75 cm. where 82% of the values are found
(median 55 cm). The median width/length ratio is 22%. This
ratio is inversely proportional to the length of the trenches,
that is, short trenches tend to be more stoutly proportioned
than long ones. This seems to be because the width of the
trenches was largely the same regardless of their length, prob-
Fig. 9:2 Bhr 1966:1 3 & 14. Late Viking Period. Paired parallel separate
inhumation trenches wjth covering stone layers. Length c. 3.0 m. Photo-
graph by Gustaf Trotzig I 966 {ATA).
Fig. 0:2 Bhr 1966: 1 2. Late Viking Period. Inhumation trench with igneojs
drystone walls and sandstone end slab. Length c. 3.0 m. Photograph by
Gustaf Trotzig 1966 (ATA).
S.The Viking Period
ablv reflecting the use of an ell unit of c. 55 cm whose exact
length cannot be determined from the uncertain measure-
ments of the trenches. The same interpretation applies to the
depth of the cists.
The inhumations were mostly placed with the head near
one end of the trench, leaving ample space between the feet
and the other end. Posture, where determinable* was mostly
supine, but a few flexed burials have also been documented.
Table 8d* Internal structures of the
inhumation trenches*
â– ri ^n J*. â–
Trait
No of graves in Abbrev.
basic sample (n=42)
Fig. 8:4 Bhr I 96&;09N & 09S. Lace Viking Period. Paired parallel |oined
inhumation trenches with sandstone slab waifs and floor and In situ cof-
fin najls. Length c 3 m. Photograph by Gustaf Trotzjg 1 966 (ATA).
Trendi length < = I50 an
Coffin nails or wood
Covering sedimentary stone flake layer
Covering igneous or lilhologically mixed stone layer 14
At least one end slab
Floor slabs or flakes
Female furnishings
Male furnishings
Lid slabs
Head orientaledW (225-115°)
Dry stone walls
Single lines of edge stones along sides
Wall slabs
Naked trench walls
10
chid
17
coffin
2
co-flake
14
co-stone
13
end-slab
A
11-slab
18
je-fema[
23
ge-male
7
fid-slab
5
or-w
18
wa-dryst
3
wa-edgst
ID
wa-slab
15
wa-trenc
1
1
IVfm 1
^1
r
<'-»n-9ka
^
P
•
^
^^1
1
1J
â– ndibU
1 -ZB
*
I
IB IJ
?.
Hr-^"-1l
L
•
Ev liiini
i
1
-IJ
m
ft4l*fc'
1
*
-J*
J
Fig. 6:5 Late Viking Period internai inhumation trench structures. CA scattergram.
82
S.The Viking Period
Hand placemenc was rarel)' determinable* but seems mainly
to have been along the sides and never higher than the abdo-
men in the supine burials.
Bhr 1966:28 (Trotzig 1967) exhibits a unique mix of burial
customs. It dates from Csn D, Here a man had been cremated
and given very conservative grave furnishings including a lance
head* a strike-adight, and, uniquely* a scythe blade. But the cre-
mation deposit had been placed in a typical rectangular two-
metre trench of the kind used for inhumations, and an axe and
a pot were placed in the positions typical for the contemporary
inhumation burials. The symbolic message of this grave is deeply
equivocal.
The grave trenches were carefully orientated, a great ma-
jority with the head roughly southward (median 187°) and a
lesser number with the head roughly westward (fig. 8:6). Trench
orientation does not correlate with the gender or date of the
artefact assemblages, but it does correlate with age (see section
8.5-3.4). The slight skew of the main direction from S toward
SSW is probably due to a Gotlandic tradition regarding the
cardinal directions that differs from the modern one (Lindstrdm
1997a, 1997b).
8.5.3 Relationships between graves
I assume that the physical relationships between graves some-
how portrayed relationships between living people and groups.
Oi course* any placement of a grave close to an existing one
constitutes secondary reference to a monument, and may have
very little to do with the ideas of the original burial party.
This is true even for the typologically contemporaneous op-
posite-gender paired graves that I believe to have housed
married couples — see below. The relationships portrayed in
grave placement can strictly speaking only be securely ascribed
to the burial parties behind the secondary graves. Here, how-
ever* we are dealing with graves constructed during a short
time-span and in conformity with strict ritual rules. Thus* I
believe the relationships of allegiance portrayed in these graves
to be very close to the ones formally recognised by the bury-
ing community at large.
Within the five spatial clusters treated in section 8.5 and
interpreted as the burial plots each of one multi-household
farmstead* there were five recurring types of relationships
between the graves.
8.5.3.1 Single graves
As noted in section 8.5-2, most graves were simply dug at a
respectful distance from other graves, the inhumations gener-
ally conforming to the orientation of the surrounding trenches.
Haphazard cutting of earlier inhumations was conspicuously
absent. This indicates clearly visible grave markers.
8.5.3.2 Inhumations cut into cremations
Five inhumation trenches (Bhr 1960:01b, 1960:02b,
196l:01dl, 1966:01b, 1 966:1 lb) were cut into cremation
graves, in two cases completely destroying the original grave.
In the four cases where it is possible to date the cremation
graves they are Csn C or D burials* indicating that the super-
impositions were made intentionally while the deceased in
the cremation graves were still remembered,
8,5.3,3 Paired parallel separate inhumations
There were ten pairs of inhumations in full-length trenches
where one had been dug closely parallel to the other (Bhr
1960:08 & 1961:09, 1962:07&08, 1962:10 &1 1*1966:13
& 14 (fig. 8:2), 1966:30a & 30b), in five cases actually cut-
ting it slightly (Bhr 1961:01c & Oldl, 1961:05 & 05a*
1962:06:1 &06:2, 1966:08 & 1968:01* 1 966:27d & 27e).
These are mainly typologically contemporaneous opposite-
gender or gendered-i- neutral adult pairs, that is, most prob-
ably married couples.
The following exceptions should be noted. In one case
(Bhr 1 961 :05 & 05a) the pair straddles the Csn C-D bound-
ary* which may either indicate that one of the two people
involved survived the other for quite some time* or else re-
flect the lag between Anders Carlsson's production chronol-
ogy and the Barshalder deposition chronology. In one case
(Bhr 1 966:30a & 30b) the gender of neither deceased could
be determined. There were also two same-gender pairs, one
male pair (Bhr 1962:06:1 & 06:2) and one female (Bhr
1966:08 & 1968:01), in parallel trenches where one cut the
other slightly. The case of the male pair is exceptional also in
that the two graves were covered by the mortuary house cen-
tral to the NW grave cluster. The house seems to have been
repaired and given an extra pair of wall-posts when the sec-
ond grave was dug (Trotzig 1964).
Looking at the six clear opposite-gender pairs and the
single gendered-i-neutral one, it can be noted that a female
was on the pair's left-hand side in all cases but one. Of the
three opposite-gender cases where one trench cut the other*
the male grave was secondary in two, but the sample is too
small to permit any conclusions regarding unequal life-ex-
pectancy.
8-5.3,4 Secondary children's graves
In two cases (Bhr 1961:01 and Bhr 1966:27)* three short
inhumation trenches each had been cut slightly into or
snuggled up close to full-length paired separate trenches, with-
out causing serious damage to the primary graves. The sec-
ondary trenches were dug without much regard for standard
grave orientation. The finds from the cut graves are in no
case typologically earlier than the secondary ones.
In this manner, two amorphous grave blobs with five buri-
als each had formed* each with an opposite-gender adult pair
as its nucleus. This creates the impression of an ideal family,
but it hardly seems probable that two deceased couples would
each leave a number of small children who died shortly after
the second adult's funeral. Assuming patrilineages* I suggest
83
S.The Viking Period
that these are cases where deceased children of a number of
brothers have been buried with their paternal grandfather and
grandmother. This would place the same mourners on the edges
of the trenches at each of the successive burials. The forniall)'
ordered and additive nature of these burials and the fact that
the two cases were not contemporaneous (Csn C and D re-
spectively) rule out an epidemic as the explanation.
8.5,3.5 Paired parallel joined inhun^ations
There were four pairs of inhumations sharing double-width
trenches (Bhr 1962:13:1 & 13:2, 1962:14:1 & l4:2, 1965:01a
& 01b, 1966: 09N & 09S (fig. 3:4)). In onl>' l^^â– o of them could
the order of interment be observed, and they differed as to which
side of the trench had been dug and used first. All four were
typologically contemporaneous same-gender adult pairs, two
male and two female. There is also an uncertain indication of
such a pair of joined female graves from the contemporaneous
cemetery at Hemse Annexhemman (Trotzig 1991^:160).
How should we interpret them, and the two same-gen-
der pairs in separate trenches mentioned in section 8.5-3.3?
Parent and child seems unlikely in view of the period.s hn-
eage ideology'. Why would a single link in the chain of ances-
try have been emphasised in such a forceful way? Siblinghood
is possible, but makes it hard to explain why some people
were buried with their spouses and others with their siblings.
Same-gender romantic unions must probably be ruled out in
view of the period's well -documented homophobia (section
2.1.6with references). Friendship seems too informal a rela-
tionship to have been repeatedly honoured in the burial ritual.
I would like to surest a n on -genealogical formal relation-
ship, of which several kinds are known from the literary sources:
fei^g^ that is, business partner; supnaut, that is, cult partner; or
fostbro^r, that is, blood-brother. Of these, the concept of
sujmautar has close connections with the burial ritual as dis-
cussed in section 8.8,1: the burial ritual emphasised food, and.
sujmautar \\x.trA\Y means "cooking partners" (Nerman 1941,
Holmback & Wessen 1943:292, 304 note 16). The trouble
with all of these three attested types of relationship is that they
are only explicitly ascribed to men in the ever male-biased
sources, and we do not know if women took part in them.
Although the specifics remain unknown, I interpret these pairs
as non-genealogical formal partners of some kind.
H NE E EE
Fig. 0:6 The orientation of the Late Viking Period inhumations.
84
9. Features of Uncertain Date
9. Features of Uncertain Date
Bv the end of 1971 , a roial of 156 features that can hoc be
dated precisely had been excavated at Barshalder (table 9a)-
Most of them were graves. They occurred in all cemetery
sections except for the nearly untouched section 6, The main
reasons that these features are hard to date are thai they were
badly disturbed or poorly documented^ or had originally been
poor in artefacts. Among them are a few graves that can actu-
ally be dated to the centuries on either side of one of the
Montelian period shifts.
Table 9a. Graves of uncertain date from Barshalder
Feature
Inv no Cem-secl: property
cluster
Type
Date
Artefacts
Rite
Bhr 1826:02
SHH 48^
?
Grave
6,7
1
crem
Bhr 1826:03
-
}
Grave
inh
Bhr \mM
SHM AM 2
3 ?
Grave
1
aem
Bhr 1826:05
-
?
Grave
7
Bhr 1826:07
-
7
Grave
inh
Bhr 1826:10
SHM AM
7
Grave
7,8
1
inh
Bhr 1826:12
SHM 484
Roes 1:46
Grave
1
atm
Bhr 1881:04
-
Katllunds 1:33
Grave
7
Bhr I88I:0S
-
Katdunds 1:33
Grave
7
Bhr I88I:0J
-
Kaillunds 1:33
Grave
7
Bhr 1881:11
SHM 7581:11
Uddvide S
Grave
aem
Bhr 1881:13
SHM 7581:13
Uddvide S
Grave
crem
Bhr 1882:19
SHM 7581:19
Fride 1:5
Grave
inh
Bhr 1882:20
Fride 1:5
Grave
7
Bhr 1882:21
SHM 7581:21
Fride 1:5
Grave
crem
Bhr 1882:22
SHM 7581:22
Fride 1:5
Grave
crem
Bhr I882:2'1
SHM 7581:24
Osterby 1:15
Grave
aem
Bhr I882:2S
SHM 7581:25
Osterby 1:15
Grave
aem
Bhr 1882:27
SHM 7581:27
Osterby 1:15
Grave
6,7
crem
Bhr 1882:30
SHM 7581:30
Osterby 1:15
Grave
crem
Bhr 1882:31
Osterby 1:15
St rert
-
Bhr 1882:32
SHM 7581:32
Osterby 1:45
Grave
aem
Bhr 1882:36
SHM 7581:36
Anderse 1:4
Grave
7,8
crem
Bhr 1899:01
SHM 10939 B:OI
Uddvide S
Grave
7,8
crem
Bhr 1899:02
SHM 10939 B:02
Uddvide S
Grave
crem
Bhr 1899:03
SHM 10939 B:03
Uddvide S
Grave
crem
Bhr I899:0S
SHM 10939 B:05
Uddvide S
Grave
crem
Bhr 1899:06
SHM 10939 B:{I6
Uddvide S
Grave
crem
Bhr I899:0S
SHM 10939 B:08
Uddvide S
Grave
aem
Bhr l&99:l{l
SHM 10939 B:IO
Uddvide S
Grave
crem
Bhr 1899:17
SHM 10939 B:I7
Uddvide S
Grave
7,8
crem
Bhr I899:IS
SHM 10939 B:I8
Uddvide S
Grave
7
crem
Bhr 1899:19
SHM 10939 B:I9
Uddvide S
Grave
7,8
aem
Bhr 1899:20
SHM 10939 B:20
Uddvide S
Grave
7,8
crem
Bhr 1899:21
SHM 10939 B:2I
Uddvide S
Grave
7
aem
Bhr 1899:23
SHM 10939 B:23
Uddvide S
Grave
7,8
aem
85
9. Features of Uncertain Date
Feature
Invno
Cem-sect: property Type
cluster
Date Artefacts
Rite
Bhr 1899:24
SHM 10939 B
24 I Uddvide S
Grave
}
cren
Bhr 1899:25
m 10939 B
25 1 Uddvide S
Grave
7.8
1
crem
Bhr 1899:27
SHM 10939 B
27 1 Uddvide S
Grave
1
crerD
Bhr 1899:28
SHK 10939 B
28 1 Uddvide S
Grave
crem
Bhr 1899:29
SHM 10939 B
29 1 Uddvide S
Grave
cren
Bhr 1899:34
m 10939 B
34 1 Uddvide S
Grave
7.8
1
crem
Bhr 1899:39
SHM 10939 B
39 1 Uddvide S
Grave
7.8
1
cren
Bhr 1899:40
SHM 10939 B
40 1 Uddvide S
Grave
7.8
1
cren
Bhr 1899:41
SHM 10939 B
41 1 Uddvide S
Grave
}
1
crem
Bhr 1899:42a
m 10939 B
42a 1 Uddvide S
Grave
7.8
crem
Bhr 1899:43
SHM 10939 B
43 1 Uddvide S
Grave
}
crem
Bhr 1899:44
SHM 10939 B
44 1 Uddvide S
Grave
}
cren
Bhr 1899:45
SHM 10939 B
45 1 Uddvide S
Grave
7.8
1
crem
Bhr 1899:46
SHH 10939 B
46 1 Uddvide S
Grave
crem
Bhr 1920:02
-
A Uddvide 1:20
Grave
7
Bhr 1920:03
-
4 Uddvide 1:20
Grave
}
Bhr 1920:04
SHM I659S U
ddvide04 4 Uddvide 1:20
Grave
inh
Bhr 1920:05
-
4 Uddvide 1:20
Grave
}
Bhr 1920:06
SHM 32259
A Uddvide 1:20
Grave
1
cren
Bhr 1920:09
-
3 Roei 1
46
Grave
?
Bhr 1920:10
-
3 Roei 1
46
Grave
}
Bhr 1920:11
-
3 Roes 1
46
Grave
7
Bhr 1920:12
SHM I659S K
Des 05 3 Roei 1
46
Grave
7.8
1
cren
Bhr 1920:13
-
3 Roes 1
46
Grave
7
Bhr 1920:14
SHM \6m ft
Des 07 3 Roes 1
46
Grave
inh
Bhr 1920:15
SHM I659S:A
3 Roes 1
46
Grave
1
cren
Bhr 1920:16
SHM I659&:X
3 Roes 1
46
Grave
1
inh
Bhr 1921:01
SHM 16693:0
I Ostefby 1:15
Grave
crem
Bhr 1921:02
SHM 16693:02
7 Osterfay 1:15
Grave
jnh
Bhr 1921:05
SHM 16693:05
7 Osterfay 1:15
Grave
cren
Bhr 1921:06
SHM I6693:0C
7 Osterfay 1:15
Grave
cren
Bhr 1921:07
SHH 16693:07
7 Osterby 1:15
Grave
1
crem
Bhr 1921:08
7 Osterfay 1:15
Grave
7
Bhr 1927:01
SHM 19055:0
1 Norrkvie 1:16
Grave
crem
Bhr 1927:02
SHM 19055:02
1 Norrkvie 1:16
Grave
cren
Bhr 1927:05
SHM 19055:05
1 Norrkvie 1:16
Grave
1
cren
Bhr 1927:06
SHM I9055:0C
1 Norrkvie 1:16
Grave
6.7
1
cren
Bhr 1927:10
SHM I9055:IC
1 Norrkvie 1:16
Grave
crem
Bhr 1927:12
1 Uddvide S
Grave
7
Bhr 1927:14
SHM I9055:M
1 Uddvide S
Grave
cren
Bhr 1927:15
1 Uddvide S
Grave
7
Bhr 1927:16
f Uddvide S
Grave
7
Bhr 1927:17
SHM 19055:17
1 Uddvide S
Grave
cren
Bhr 1927:19
SHM 19055:1
A Uddvide 1:20
Grave
5.6
1
cren
Bhr 1928:05
SHM 19055
5 Fride S
Grave
inh
Bhr 1930:04
SHM I9535:x
) Norrkvie 1:16
Grave
crem
Bhr 1930:05
SHM I9535:x
1 Norrkvie 1:16
Grave
crere
Bhr 1931:01
1 Roes 1:31
Grave
7.8
1
7
Bhr 1931:04
SHM 1 976^:3 C
1 Uddvide S
Grave
7.8
1
inh
Bhr 1931:05
SHM 19766:25
1 Uddvide S
Grave
7.8
1
crem
Bhr 1931:06
SHM I9766:M
1 Uddvide S
Grave
}
cren
86
9. Features of Uncertain Date
Feature
Invno
Cem-sect: property Type
cluster
Date Artehctf
Rite
Bhr 1931:08
SHM 19766:13
1
Uddvide S
Grave
7
(rem
Bhr 1931:! 1
SHM 19766
1
Uddvide S
Grave
7,8
1
crem
Bhr I93I:M
1
Uddvide S
Grave
7
Bhr 1931:16
1
Uddvide S
Hearth
-
Bhr 1934:02
SHH 20845:2
1
Norrkvie 1
16
Grave
crem
Bhr I935:!D
1
Norrkvie 1
16
Grave
inh
Bhr 1936:18
SHM 21540:18
1
Norrkvie 1
16
Grave
crem
Bhr 1936:27
1:4
Norrkvie 1
16
Grave
Csn CD?
inh
Bhr 1936:28
SHH 21540:28
1
Norrkvie 1
16
Grave
crem
Bhr 1936:29
SHH 21540:29
1
Norrkvie 1
16
Grave
crem
Bhr 1936:30
SHM 21540:30
1
Norrkvie 1
16
Grave
crem
Bhr 1939:01b
SHH 22359
Fride S
Grave
1
crem
Bhr 1939:0k
SHH 22359
Fride 5
Grave
inh
Bhr 1947:06
SHH 24097
Fride S
Grave
7,8
1
inh
Bhr 1954:01
SHH 25445:1
Fride 1:7
Grave
5,6
1
inh
Bhr 1954:02
SHH 25445:2
Fride 1:7
Grave
5,6
1
crem
Bhr 1957:04
Uddvide S
Grave
7
7
Bhr 1960:01a
SHH 27296:1
1:2
Norrkvie 1:16
Grave
7,8
1
crem
Bhr 1960:01b
SHH 27296:1
1:2
Norrkvie 1:16
Grave
Csn CD?
inh
Bhr I960;0k
SHH 27296:1
1:2
Norrkvie 1:16
Grave
Csn CD?
inh
Bhr 1960:02b
SHH 27296:2b
1:2
Norrkvie 1:16
Grave
Csn CD?
inh
Bhr 1960:03
SHH 27296:3
Norrkvie 1:16
Grave
7,8
1
crem
Bhr 1960:04
SHH 27296:4
Norrbie 1:16
Grave
1
crem
Bhr 1960:09
SHH pending alloc
1/60
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
inh
Bhr l960:IDb
SHH pending alloc
2b/60
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
1
crem
Bhr 1960:12
-
Roes 1:36
Pil
-
Bhr 1960:14
-
Roes 1:36
Pil
-
Bhr I960; J 6
-
Roes 1:36
Si pav
-
Bhr 1960:17
-
Roes 1:36
St pav
-
Bhr 1960:18b
SHH pending alloc
1 Ob/60
Uddvide S
Grave
aem
Bhr 1961:18
SHH pending alloc
4/61
Rojrhage 1:1
Pil
crem
Bhr 1961:20
SHH pending alloc
6/61
Rojrhage l;l
Phole
-
Bhr 1961:21a
Rojrhage 1:1
Pil
-
Bhr I96J:23
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
7
Bhr 1961:28
SHH pending alJoc
16/61
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
inh
Bhr 1961:29
SHH pending alloc
17/61
Rojrhage 1:1
Pil
-
Bhr 1961:30
Rojrhage 1:1
Pil
-
Bhr 1961:31
SHH pend^mg Joe 19/61
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
w^
Bhr 1961:32
Rojrhage 1:1
Pit
-
Bhr 1961:33b
SHH pending Joe
2 lb/61
Rojrhage 1:1
Saa dep
7,«
crem
Bhr 1961:34
SHH pending Joe
22-23/61
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
7,8
aem
Bhr 1961:38
Rojrhage 1:1
Pil
-
Bhr 1961:39b
SHH pending alloc
32/61
Rojrhage 1:1
Pil
crem
Bhr 1961:39c
SHH pending Joe
33/61
Rojrhage l;l
Pil
crem
Bhr 1962:15
SHH 27778:15/62
Norrkvie 1:16
Grave
1
crem
Bhr 1965:03
-
1:4
Uddvide S
Grave
Csn CD?
inh
Bhr 1965:04
-
1:4
Uddvide S
Grave
Csn CD?
inh
Bhr 1965:05
-
1:4
Uddvide S
Grave
Csn CD?
inh
Bhr 1966:11a
SHH 32l8l:l[a
1
Uddvide S
Grave
7,8
1
crem
Bhr 1966;] 5
-
1
Uddvide S
Phc^e
7
-
Bhr 1966:16
-
1
Norrkvie 1:16
Phole
7
-
87
9. Features of Uncertain Date
Feature
Invno
C em-sect
cluster
- Property
Type
Date
Artefacts
Rite
Bhr 1966:21
-
Roes 1:28
Pil
-
Bhr I966:2'1
-
Roes 1:31
Pit
-
Bhr 1966:25
-
Roes 1:31
Pit
-
Bhr 1966:26
-
Roes 1:31
Pit
-
Bhr l966:3Db
-
1:5
Roes 1:28
Grave
Csn CD?
inh
Bhr 1967:09
-
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
7,&
?
Bhr 1967:15
SHH 32623:15/63-67
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
7,*
1
aem
Bhr I96M6
-
Rojrhage 1
1 St pav
-
Bhr 1967:17
SHH 32623:17/63-67
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
1
aem
Bhr 1967:22
-
Rojrhage J
1 St pav
-
Bhr 1967:23
SHH 32623:23/63-67
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
(rem
Bhr 1967:26
SHH 32623:26/63-67
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
6,7
1
aem
Bhr 1967:28
SHH 32623:2S/63-67
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
7,8
1
crem
Bhr 1967:3^
SHH 32623:34/63-67
Rojrhage 1
1 Pit
7
crem
Bhr 1967:38
-
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
6,7
crem
Bhr 1967:39
SHH 32623:39/63-67
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
5,6
1
crem
Bhr 1971:05
SHH pending alloc Alcl«nmo 5 1
Uddvide S
Grave
I
crem
Bhr 1971:07
SHH pending alloc Ald«nmo 7 1
Uddvide S
Grave
I
crem
I 0. Catalogues
1 0. Catalogues
10. 1 Terminology and catalogue
conventions
The grave caralogue spans l46 years of cxcavarions wicK in
most cases continually improved docnnientarion standards. It
has not been my ambition Co reproduce every detail from the
best photographic documentarion of later decades in this cata-
logue* nor CO confine myself overall to the level of the worst
documentation in the name of consistency. Rather* I have cho-
sen a set of parameters which I have deemed important* and
extracted the values of as many as possible of these from the
available documentation of each grave. This means that very
liccle of the early documentation has been left out of the cata-
logue* and that unsatisfactory information in the catalogue
entries of the early excavations harks back Co unsacisfactory
primary documentation. At the other end of the spectrum, a
peculiar aspect of the excellent Nylenian documentation from
1959 onwards is that an enormous number of interesting ob-
servations can be made from the documentation, but that very
few of them are explicitly incorporated in the report texts. Ic is
a triumph of the philosophy of objective documentation that
so much information can be extracted* but in the rare cases of
uncertainties it is really a shame that the excavators were so
close-mouthed. This was of course an intentional practice
adopted in the name of scientific objectivity, but it was also a
waste of first-hand knowledge (Rundkvist 1997a),
The catalogue entries are sorted in numerical order, which
for Barshalder roughly corresponds to the order of excava-
tion. Stray finds are sorted according to their inventory num-
bers. Within each grave entry* artefacts are sorted as follows:
drinking vessels, gaming pieces, offensive weapons, defen-
sive weapons, riding equipment, jewellery* belt mounts* hy-
giene implements* casket fittings, tools* other vessels* vessel
contents, coffins* rivets* nails* unidentified fragments* fos-
sils, ecofacts, residual Stone Age artefacts.
To locate a feature on the map of Barshalder, refer to tables
6a, 7a, 3a and 9a to fiiid the number of the cemeterv section.
Then search the appropriate map (figs. 10:1-10:9)- As most
excavations have been concentrated in threatened areas along
the edges of gravel pits and quarries, the graves of a single
excavation year are usually not far apart.
All directions are given as an azimuth, that is, the clock-
wise angle from due north, so that N=0°, E=90^ S=180^,
W=270^. The orientation of cremation cists and sundry ob-
long features is given according to the northernmost direc-
tion of a feature's long axis.
lOJ.I Grave structures
Unless stated otherwise, all grave superstructures have a cir-
cular plan outline, with any multiple stone circles concentri-
cally arranged.
Unless stated otherwise* all given measurements of stone
cists and grave trenches are internal dimensions, which are in
my opinion far more interesting than the haphazard external
dimensions created at the construction of a resting place for a
body or a coffin of fixed dimensions. The cist dimensions have
been rounded to the nearest 5 cm, due to the imprecision of
the measuring methods, the often secondarily tilted wall slabs
and the uncertain amount of abrasion of the slab tops through
tillage etc. Depth figures in relation to the modern ground
surface have been given only in exceptional cases,
10J.2 Artefacts
I examined firsthand, in several phases from 1994 to 2001* the
listed artefacts in the collections of the SHM* GF and LUHM*
with three general exceptions. A few artefacts could simply not
be found in the stores* as is noted in the catalogues. Many well-
preserved Viking Period finds in the SHM had been taken out
of the stores by Lena Thunmark-Nylen to be photographed and
described for WKG. AsWKG documents these finds excellently
in monochrome* and as I have performed no detailed typologi-
cal analyses of the Viking Period metalwork* I only sought out
the colourful bead sets for first hand inspection. Finally* some
metalwork from the excavations of 1 966 had been sent away for
conservation and could only be studied through photographs.
The objects thus left without inspection can be recognised from
their lack of measurements in the catalogues,
I have aimed to list all objects that can be demonstrated
originally to have been present in each grave. Thus a metal
repair mount from a vanished wooden vessel is seen prima-
rily as part of a vessel* and listed accordingly. Under each
object heading is given a list of its preserved remnants. This
is to give the reader a more accurate first impression of the
original contents of each grave than would a less interpretive
list of for instance ten single iron fragments, each with the
comment ''part of knife".
It is however hard to draw this line in the case of crema-
tion graves* where we may find for example only the disc
from a disc-on-bow brooch. May we safely assume that there
was originally an entire brooch on the funeral pyre? In dubi-
ous cases I have listed the actual object fragment found.
Finally* there are innumerable cases where objects have been
found which are simply unidentifiable. These are in most cases
10. Catalogues
severely fragmented, and are lisced aft^r the ideiicifiable objects.
All reddish -golden metal with green -blue-brown corro-
sion has been termed "bronze" in the absence of large-scale
metallurgical analyses. The metal vessels studied by Forshell
[1992:65, table 5-8) and Trotzig (1991a. 1991b) form an
exception to this rule, as the published analyses have permit-
ted identification of copper, bronze and brass. All jewellery,
strap mounts and knife mounts are, unless stated otherwise,
made of "bronze".
All weapons and bridle bits are, unless stated otherwise,
made of iron or steel.
All combs are, unless stated otherwise, composite three-
layer single-sided ones. They consist of a number of tooth
plates sandwiched along one end bet\\'een two ^p ribs^ the
whole package held together with rivets. These rivets are,
unless stated otherwise, headless rods, flattened at both ends
with a hammer. In many cases the outermost tooth plates are
not evenly toothed all the way to edge, but a solid part has
been left for the sake of durability and is sometimes deco-
rated. These are here termed end pldtes
All beads are, unless stated otherwise, made from opaque
glass paste. They are classified according to shape, material,
colour and decoration, and enumerated from the most com-
mon type in an assemblage to the least common one. A bead
is described like a planet, with polar caps, tropics and an equa-
tor. Dimensions are given only for uncommonly large or small
beads. For a key to the abbreviations used to describe the
beads' sbapes, see chapter 1 2,
W^ith regard to rivets, staples and bent nails; special at-
tention has been paid to their span, in other words the thick-
ness of the material that they once pierced. This allows the
differentiation of single-ply leather, double leather, wooden
boards and thicker wood.
10.1.3 Illustration philosophy
Due to time and funding constraints, it has been possible to
provide illustrations only of selected objects from the cata-
logue. The choice of objects for illustration has been made
according to the following criteria:
1. No Viking Period objects. These have recently been lav-
ishly illustrated in WKG I-II and Trotzig 1991a.
2. No Roman Iron Age objects. This period is dealt with
only briefly in this book.
3. No duplications of objects or assemblages illustrated
wholly or partly in VWG or VZG.
4. No decon textual ised objects.
5. Only objects well enough preserved to permit adequate
characterisation.
6. Only objects intricate enough for an illustration to add
substantially to the verbal description,
7. Representation in proportion to the total number of fmds
per period from the cemetery.
8, Even gender distribution, including gender-transgressive
graves,
9- Only objects stored at SHM, to avoid sending either ob-
jects or draughtsman on long voyages,
10. Unusual objects prioritised.
These criteria produced the following selection, that does not
include all the finds that fulfil them:
Migration Period, female: Bhr 1967:43
Migration Period, female gender-transgressrve: Bhr 1 967:32
Migration Period, male: Bhr 1957:03, Bhr 1967:12, Bhr
1967:25c
Vendel Period, Early, female: Bhr 1957:01a, Bhr 1961:15.
Bhr 1961:17a, Bhr 1961:26a
Vendel Period, Early, female gender-transgressive: Bhr
1960:11
Vendel Period, Early, male: Bhr 1961:19, Bhr 1961:24
Vendel Period, Early, male gender-transgressive: Bhr 1961:33a
Vendel Period, Late, female: Bhr 1961:37
Vendel Period, Late, male: none appropriate
I was very fortunate to be able to work closely with my friend
Stefan Kayat on the illustrations as he drew them from Sep-
tember 1998 to January 2002. We worked at adjacent desks,
discussed each object in turn, and agreed on how they should
best be represented. Where reconstruction has been at-
tempted, this is indicated in the caption. For ease of com-
parison, Stefan followed the conventions established in VWG
and VZG in terms of the orientation of objects and side views,
and regarding the scale at which to depict different object
categories. In addition to the extensively illustrated grave as-
semblages, I have also included Cecilia Bonnevier's drawings
of nine stamp ornamented pots from Barshalder regardless
of their find circumstances.
10.1.4 Osteologlcal analyses
The Barshalder project's resources for osteological analysis
have been concentrated on study of the bones from the Rojr-
hage 1 : 1 property in cemetery section 2, This is because that
site has produced so many well -documented, richly furnished
and unpublished graves, the interpretation of which, may
benefit from the addition of osteological data. With the excep-
tion of Bhr 1930:07 & 1931:20, all bones from the site that
could be located in the stores have been analysed, including
those from the Neolithic deposits (Rundkvist et al. in prep).
Including a few analyses commissioned by earlier research-
ers, there are now full osteological analyses for 94 features
and one large cultural layer from Barshalder (see table 10a),
including 75 Iron Age graves.
Most of the new osteological analyses (1998-2001) were
conducted at the Archaeo -Osteological Laboratory of the
90
Deparrmeiir of Archaeology, University of Stockholm, by Asa
Larssoji, Petra Molnar, Matfias Niord and Susaiine Svensson.
Copies of iheir reports have been placed in the ATA, in the
archives of the SHM osteology unit and in the archives of
Gotlands Fornsal, the Co untj^ Museum of Gotland, Summary
osteological data are found in the catalogue. Christian Lind-
qvist analysed the bones from dated Neolithic contexts (Rnnd-
kvist et al. in prep).
Age determinations have been made according to Sjovold
1978, as follows.
0. Catalogues
inf
Infant
O'l years
infl
Infans I
0-7 years
inf II
Infans II
5-1 4 years
juv
Juvenilis
10^24 years
Juvenile
<20 years
ad
Adultus
18-44 years
mat
Maturus
35-64 years
sen
Senilis
50-79 years
Adult
18-79 years
Table lOa.
Osteological analyses.
Context C em- sect Property
Type
Report
Date MINDKs,
Ost-age
Ost -sex
Gender
Rite
Bhr 1930:07
Rojrhage 1:1 Gr;ive
5ten (Lamm S Axboe
I9S9:460)
GoD2b
1
ad
m?
n
inh
Bhr 1947:02
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
0«. rep, XipS'OI)
GoD2
1
ad
m
n
crem
Bhr 1947:03
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep, XI (SS '01)
W\g Per
1
ad
m?
n
cren
Bhr 1947:04
flojrhage 1
1 Layer
Ost. rep, XI(SrOlj
Neolithic
-
-
-
-
Bhr 1951:01
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep, XI(SS'OI)
GoD2
3
ad + ad
m + ?
n
oem
Bhr 1960:09
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep, II (PM ^98)
?
1
ad
f?
-
inh
Bhr l960:IDa
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep, II (PH ^98)
G0KV2ab
3
ad + < 12 yr
?
f
crem
Bhr l960:iDb
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep, II (PH '98|
?
3
ad + inf
m? + 1
f
crem
Bhr 1960:11
Roes 1:36
Grave
Ost.rep.V |SS'99)
GOKVI
1
ad
?
f+
crem
Bhr 1960:13
Roes 1:36
Grave
Ost. rep, II (PH ^98)
WGI234
3
ad + ad + juv
m + f? + ?
m
crem
Bhr 1960:1 S
Roes 1:36
Side pit
Ost. rep, II (PH ^98)
WGI234
3
ad + ad
m + f
-
crem
Bhr 1960:18a
Uddvide I
Grave
Ost.rep.V |Sr99|
CsnD
1
ad
?
m
crem
Bhr 1960:18b
Uddvlde I
Grave
0«.rep.V |SS'99)
?
1
ad
}
-
crem
Bhr I96l:!6
Rojrhage 1
1 Robber pi
Ost. rep, IV (PH 99)
?
-
-
-
-
-
Bhr 1961:17
floirhage 1
1 Pit
Ost. rep, IV (PH '99)
Neolithic
-
-
-
-
Bhr I96!:l7a
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
0«. rep, IV (PH '99)
G0KV2ab
3
ad + 1 yr
?
f
crem
Bhr 1961:18
Rojrhage 1
1 Pit
0«. rep, IV (PH '99)
?
-
-
-
crem
Bhr I96l:t9
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep. [V St VI
(PH fir SS '99)
WG34
1
ad
f
n
crem
Bhr 1961:20
Rojrhage 1
1 Post hole
0«. rep, IV (PH '99)
?
-
-
-
-
Bhr 1961:21
flojrhage 1
1 Grave
0«. rep, IV (PH '99)
Vend Per
1
ad
crem
Bhr 1961:22a
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
0«. rep, IV (PH '99)
Vend Per
-
crem
Bhr I96!:22b
flojrhage 1
1 Pit
0«. rep, IV (PH '99)
Neolithic
-
-
crem
Bhr 1961:22c
Rojrhage 1
1 Pit
0«. rep, IV (PH '99)
Neolithic
-
-
crem
Bhr 1961:24
flojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep, IV (PH '99)
WG56
3
ad + 1-3 yr
m
crem
Bhr 1961:25
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
0«. rep, IV (PH '99)
G0IEV2ab
3
ad + infl
i
crem
Bhr 1961:26a
flojrhage 1
1 Grave
0«. rep, IV (PH '99)
G0KV2bc
-
i
<Tem
Bhr 1961:26b
Hojrhage 1
1 Grave
0«. rep, IV (PH '99)
WGI2
1
ad
n
crera
Bhr 1961:27
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep, IV (PH '99)
Vend Per
1
ad
f
crem
Bhr 1961:28
flojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep, IV (PH '99)
?
1
3545 yr
m
-
jnh
Bhr 1961:31
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep, IV (PH '99)
?
1
1-1,5 yr
-
inh
Bhr 1961:33a
flojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep. IV fir VI
(PH fie S '99)
WGI2
1
ad
m^
ni+
crem
Bhr 1961:33b
Rojrhage 1
1 Sacr dep.
Osl. rep, IV (PH '99)
Vend-Vik
-
-
-
crem
Bhr 1961:33c
flojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep, IV (PH '99)
WGI2
1
4-5 yr
m?
-
inh
Bhr 1961:34
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep, IV (PH '99)
Vend-Vik
-
-
-
crem
Bhr 1961:35
Rojrhage 1
1 Grave
Ost. rep. IV (PH '99)
Vend Per
1
ad
f
\
crem
10. Catalogues
Context C em -sect
Property
Type
Report
Date MINDH^s.
Ort-age
Ost-sex
Gender
Rite
Bhr 1961:36a 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Gnve
0«. rep, IV |PH '99)
G0KV2ab 1
ad
m?
f
crem
Bhr 1961:36c 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Side pit
0«. rep, IV |PH '99)
G0KV2ab -
-
-
-
-
Bhr 1961:37 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Gnve
0«. rep, IV |PH '99)
G0KV2bc 1
ad
f?
f
crem
Bhr 1961:39a 2
Roirhage 1:1
Grave
OsL rep, IV St VI
|PH S SS '99)
G0KV2ab 2
ad + inf
f? + I
i
crem
Bhr 1961:39b 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Pit
0«. rep, IV |PH '99)
?
-
-
-
crem
Bhr 1961:39c 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Pk
On. rep, IV |PH '99)
?
-
-
-
crem
Bhr 1961:40 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
0«. rep, IV |PH '99)
Vend Per 1
ad
m
crem
Bhr 196^:06 1
Nnrkvie \:\t
Grave
0«.rep,VI |Sr99|
Mig Per 1
ad
7
n
crem
Bhr 1966:18 1
Ro«s \-2i
Grave
Sellstedt (Trotzig 1968)
Cm A 1
ad
m
n
crem
Bhr I966:2& 1
Roes l;2S
Grave
Selhtedt (Trooig 1967]
CmD 1
ad
m?
n
crem
Bhr I967:{ll 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep.VII |SrOO|
G0KV2ab 1
ad
}
\
crem
Bhr mim 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep.VII |SrOO|
G0KV2ab 1
ad
7
i
crem
Bhr 1967:03 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep.VII |SrOO|
WGI2 1
ad
7
m
crem
Bhr I967:0'1 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
OsLrep.VIUIX
(SrOOS'OI)
V«nd Per 1
}
7
f
crem
Bhr 1967:05 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep,VIUIX
|sroo$'oi|
WGI2 1
ad
7
ni
crem
Bhr 1967:06 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
OsLrep.VII |SrOO|
G0KV2ab 1
ad
f
i
crem
Bhr 1967:07a 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep,VIUIX
|sroo$'oi|
GoD2 1
ad
7
m
nh
Bhr 1967:08 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
OsLrep,VIUIX
|sroo$'oi)
G0KV2ab 1
ad
f
f+
crem
Bhr 1967:12 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep,VIUIX
|sroo$'oi|
Hig Per 1
ad
f>
ni
crem
Bhr 1967:13 2
Roirhage 1:1
Grave
Ost. rep, VIII (AL'OOj
GoD2 1
inf2
7
crem
Bhr I967:M 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep,VIII(AL'00| WG34 1
G[ IX |SS '01). 4 litres missing
}
I
[D
crem
Bhr 1967:17 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost. rep, VIII (AL'OO)
+ Lindqvist Hs. '00
? 1
tAl
7
crem
Bhr 1967:18a 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep,VII |SrOO|
GoD2b 1
mat
f
f
inh
Bhr I967:]8b 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
OsLrep,VII |SrOO|
GoD2a 1
mat
m
f+
inh
Bhr 1967:20 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep.VIII(AL'00|
GoD2a 1
ad-mat
7
i
crem
Bhr 1967:23 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost. rep,VIII (AL'OO)
? 1
}
7
-
crem
Bhr I967:2^a 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep,VIII(AL'00|
G0KV2ib 1
ad-mat?
7
f
crem
Bhr I967:2^b 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
OsL rep, VIII (AL'OO)
W\g Per 1
ad
7
m
crem
Bhr I967:25abd 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep.VIII(AL'00)
GoDlb 1
}
7
2
crem
Bhr 1967:25c 2
Ro)rhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep,VIII (AL'OO)
W\g Per 1
juv-ad
m?
m
crem
Bhr 1967:26 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep,VIII(AL'00)
Mig-Vend 1
ad-mat?
7
crem
Bhr 1967:27 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Layer
Ost. rep, VIII (AL'OO)
Neolithic 1
?
7
-
crem
Bhr 1967:28 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep.VIII(AL'00)
V«nd-Vik 1
}
I
D
crem
Bhr 1967:29 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost. rep,VIII (AL'OO)
WGI2 1
ad
7
m
crem
Bhr 1967:31 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost.rep.VIII(AL'00)
Cm A 1
ad
I
f
inh
Bhr 1967:32 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost. rep, VIII (AL'OO)
&ix(sroi)
GoD2 1
ad
f
f+
crem
Bhr 1967:33 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost. rep, IX (SS '01)
GoG 1
ad
ni
crem
Bhr 1967:3^ 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Pit
Ost. rep, VIII (AL'OO)
?
-
-
crem
Bhr 1967:36 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost. rep.VIII (AL'OO)
Cm AB 1
ad?
m
crem
Bhr 1967:37 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost. rep,VIII (AL'OO)
Mig P«r 1
ad-mat?
F
crem
Bhr 1967:39 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Ost. rep, IX (SS '01)
LRom-Mig 1
ad
crem
Bhr 1967:40 2
Rojrhage 1:1
Grave
Osi. rep. IX(SS 01)
Vend Per 1
ad
i
crem
92
I 0. Catalogues
Context C em -sect Property
Type
Report
Date MINDH^s. Ost-age
Ost-sex
Gender
Rite
Bhr 1967:41
Rojrhage 1:
1 Grave
Ost. repJX(SS'Olj
GOmab
ad
m
f
crem
Bhr 1967:42
Rojrhage 1:
1 Grave
Ost. repJX(S5^0l)
Hig Per
ad
f
i
crem
Bhr 1967:43
flojrhage 1:
1 Grave
0«. rep. IX(SS'OI)+ GoD2
Sten (Lamm & Axboe I9£9:^5fl)
ad
?
\
aem
Bhr 1967:4^
Rojrhage 1:
1 Grave
Ost. repJX(S5^0l)
WG3^
ad
m
n
crem
Bhr I967:4S
Rojrhage 1:
1 Grave
Ost. repJX(SS'Olj
Vend Per
ad
m
n
crem
Bhr 1967:46
Rojrhage \.
1 Pit
Lindqvist Ks. 'DO
Neol
Bhr 1967:47
Rojrhage 1:
1 Pit
Lindqvist Hs. 'DO
Neol
Bhr I967:4&
Roirhage \.
1 Pit
Lindqvist Ms. 'DO
Neol
Bhr 1967:49
Rojrhage 1:
1 Pit
Lindqvist Ms. 'DO
Neol
Bhr 1967:50
Rojrhage 1
1 Hearlh
Lindqvist Ms. 'DO
Neol
Bhr 1967:51
Rojrhage 1:
1 Layer
Lindqvist Ms. 'DO
Neol
Bhr \%H\
Uddvide I
Grave
0«.rep.VI(SS'99|
GnD
ad
?
f
inh
Bhr 1971:01
Roes 1;]S
Grave
0«.rep.VI(SS'99)
CinD
4549 yr
m
f
inh
Bhr 1971:03
Uddvide S
Grave
0«. rep, lit (PH '98
WGI234
ad
m
crem
Bhr 197 hd^
Uddvide S
Grave
Ost. rep. III (PH '98
Vend Per
ad
n
crem
Bhr 1971:05
Uddvide S
Grave
Ost. rep. III (PM '98
?
ad
-
crem
Bhr 1971:06
Uddvide S
Grave
Ost. rep. III (PH '98
Vend Per
ad + juv
crem
Bhr 1971:07
Uddvide S
Grave
Ost. rep, IFI (PH '98
?
ad
-
crem
Bhr 1997:01
't Anderse 1:'
Grave
0«. rep. 1 (PH '98)
Egg. B2 ^
3 ad + 1-2,5
yr 2 m + 2 ?
crem
93
10. Catalogues
Fig. 10:1 Parish gravel pit, cemetery section 1. Excavated features and limits of excavation.
+
s En
ID
(M
in
A.
f\l ^
in ro
X >-
in
in
II. " ^^
ir
o
o in
CO
X >-
s
<s?
Q
tJ
n
t:J
ro
T
in
C)
LD
rj
94
I 0. Catalogues
Fig. I D:2 Parish gravel pit, cemetery section 1. Gradual expansion of the gravel pit I 890-1975.
95
10. Catalogues
Fig. 10:3 Property Rojrhage 1:1, cemetery section 2. Excavated iron Age graves and iimits of excavation.
Non-prefixed feature numbers refer to the 1963-1967 excavation campaign.
10 m
X IG52320
V 6333'^C0
96
I 0. Catalogues
Fig. 10:4 Property Rojrhage 1:1, cemetery section 2. Excavated Stone Age features and limits of excavation.
Non-prefixed feature numbers refer to the 1963-1 967 excavation campaign.
K IS52320
Y 6333S00
X 1652350
Y 6333870
97
10. Catalogues
Fig. 10:5 Cemetery section 2, SW part. Excavated features.
I 0. Catalogues
Fig. 10:6 Roes quarry and Gullbacken, cemetery section 3. Excavated features.
w
X 1652150
V 6333750
X 1652150
Y 6333700
99
10. Catalogues
Fig. 10:7 Northern Uddvide quarry, cemetery section 4. Excavated features.
X 1651^50
V 6333500
X 1651^50
Y 6333450
100
I 0. Catalogues
Fig. 10:8 Kaldikern gravel pit, cemetery section 5. Excavated features.
c
c
LO
(^
fS3
lf>
H)
r^
D
in
fO
in
D
tD
10. Catalogues
Fig. 10:9 Boundary area of cemetery section 5 & 7. Excavated features.
30 m
102
Bhrl826
10.2 Grave finds and excavated features from Barshalder 1826-1971 inclusive.
Bhr 1826:01 (5HM 484)
Excavated by Nil? Ekdahl.
Picdoc: Pencil sketch.
Ss: Smiill cairn or mound with free stone
circle. Two stone layers over burial. Diam 20
alnar [1 2 m]. Height 1-! .5 alnar [0.6-0.9 m].
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Knife,
Pot, Broken. Diam 9-10 tum [223-247
mm].
Iron irags.
Bhr I 826:02 <SHM 484)
Excavated by Nils Ekdahl.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Small cairn or mound without stone
circle. Height 1-1.5 alnar [0.6-0.9 m].
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Glass vessel. 1 lump. L 2.5 turn [62 mm].
Thickness 1 turn [25 mm].
Knife.
Bhr 1826:03
Excavated by Nils Ekdahl.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Small.
Is: Limestone slab cist.
BD; Inhumation adults head oriented c. 0°.
No artefact finds.
Bhr I 826:04 (SHM 484)
Located "down among the stone masses
which are clustered together as grave mark-
ers'\ probably Roes Rorar, Raii Gbo 54. Ex-
cavated by Nils Ekdahl.
Picdoc: Pencil sketch.
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 4 alnar
[2.4 m]. Height 0.75 alnar [0.5 m].
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Broocli- Badly corroded, broke apart dur-
ing Ekdahl's passage from Gotland to the
Swedish mainland. "A we 11 -decorated cop-
per brooch of an unusual shape".
Bhr I826:0S
Robbed. Excavated by Nils Ekdahl.
"A small mound already investigated from
which no conclusions could be drawn. I have
worked upon five such without finding any-
thing [these five were not described by Ek-
dahl]^ because the treasure-diners had re-
stored them afiier removing bones and what
other rubbish thev found there, supposing
that it would turn into silver or gold when
they had got it back to their houses. Thus one
hears from thepeasants that wherever they have
cultivated their land they have seen wondrous
things in the so-called kaJmar (small grave
cairns), guarded by a cunning spirit that they
call a dragon, which can give its belongings
any shape it pleases, and, as if knowing their
minds^ chooses that which most provokes
their disgust and loathing, so that they move
off, while the dragon packs its goods and es-
capes. Afterwards they are vexed with them-
selves for their foolishness, and as a revenge
they dig out more cairns and mounds in the
night-time — and during work a strict silence
is obser\'ed and superstition demarks a circle
outside of which the workmen may not tread
and they enter it from the north side. It is un-
derstood that they locate the richest mounds
with the dowsing rod's aid."
Bhr 1826:06 (SHM 484)
Excavated by Nils Ekdahl.
Picdoc: Pencil sketch.
Ss: Well-preserved cairn or mound with kerb
and free stone circle. Height 1.75 alnar [1.0
m].
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Iron frags.
Bhr I 826:07
Excavated by Nils Ekdahl.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Cairn or mound with two layers of lime-
stone slabs over the burial. Height 1.75 alnar
[1.0 m]. S edge cut "for road repairs".
Is:?
BD: Inhumation child^ head c. 0°.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1826:08 (SHM 484)
Excavated by Nils Ekdahl.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Cairn or mound with free stone circle.
Height 1 alnar [0.6 m].
Is: Sandstone slab cist.
BD: Inhumation adult, head c. 0°.
<=50 bronze spangles. Cf AEG 144-147,
per IV: 1 . Bowl-shaped. Found on arms.
Bhr 1826:09 (SHM 484)
Excavated by Nils Ekdahl.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Cairn or mound with free stone circle.
Height 1 alnar [0.6 m].
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Iron ring.
Knife.
Pot. Complete.
Bhr 1826:10 (SHM 484)
Excavated by Nils Ekdahl.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Small cairn or mound. Height 1-1.5 alnar
[0.6-0.9 m].
Is; Sandstone slab cist.
BD: Inhumation adult, head c. 0°.
2 iron rings. Thick. Bridle bit?
Pot. Diam 4 tum [99 mm].
"Incense". 1 frag. Found in pot.
Bhr 1826:11 (SHM 484)
Excavated by Nils Ekdahl.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Cairn or mound with kerb and freestone
circle. Height 2 alnar [1.2 m]. Damaged by
gravel extraction.
Is: Intact sandstone slab cist, 1.5 xO.75 alnar
[90x45 cm] with lid slab.
BD: Cremation.
Knife.
Pot. Broken. Orig diam 0.25 alnar [150
mm].
Iron &ags.
Bhr 1826:12 (SHM 484. Gullbackcn,
cf. section 3. 1. S.I, 3.2.3)
Located in Raa Gbo 53, cem-sect 3. Partly
excavated by Nils Ekdahl.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Large barrow (fig. 3: 1 ). Height 5-6 alnar
[3.0-3.6 m] in 1826. Dimensions in 1973
23 X 2.9 m.
Is: No details recorded. Repeatedly robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Beads.
Knives with bone handles. Said to have been
found by looting soldiers.
Unburnt bones.
Bhr 187 1:01 -02 (SHM 4535.
Including VWG grave I S2)
'Tound by Niklas Carlsson of Kattlunds in
a plot belonging to Roes called 'Roes Rorar'
[cem-sect 1 -3]. The finds were made in two
graves built with sandstone slabs, about 6
feet [IBO cm] long and 2 feet [60 cm] wide,
103
Bhrl88l
covered with stone flakes and with the lid
stones 1/2 foot [15 cm] below the ground
surface. Both graves contained human skele-
tons and traces of clay pots." Bought by the
SHM in 1871.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is: 2 sandstone slab cists c. 6 x 2 feet [180 x
60 cm] with hd flakes.
BD: 2 inhumations.
CrossbowfibiJa.VWG 366, per Vl;2. Type
fibcb. Flat foot. D^haped bow cross^ection.
Iron axis. Disc-shaped end knob, one miss-
ing. L tot 66 mm. Orig axis 1 30 mm.
Dresspin,V\VG 388. per Vl;2. Type dpmush.
Cylindrical pierced head topped with mush-
room knob. L 51 mm.
Dress pin. Rundqvist Niisson 1990 type
A4b, Late Viking Period. CfWKG II 121:1-
2. Flattened droplet-shaped head. L 6S mm.
Strap end mount. VWG 4:66, per VI:2.
Highly ornate openwork. L 91 mm.
2 pots. Not collected.
Bhr 1881:01 (SHM 7581:01.
Gustafson I 90S grave I . Field
bookp.72.VWG grave 140)
Located beside Bhr !8S2:38 at a sandstone
quarry near Gulibacken, cem-sect 3. De-
stroyed byquarrymanDaiman during quarry
work. Finder questioned, slabs measured and
finds bought by Gabriel Gustafeon.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is: Slab cist c. 1 95 x c. 65 x c. 60 cm.
BD: Inhumation, head c. 10°.
Ghape. VWG 589> per Vl:2. Type "U-formig
mit Kastenquerschnitt", c. AD 400-450,
Bemmann& Hahne 1994 #22:2. Broken off
at rivet holes. One side simple and rounded,
the other jagged and broken showing remains
of space-filling bronze sheet. Hairs in corro-
sion. H to rivet holes 37 mm. H tot 40 mm.
W 53 mm. Scabbard thickness as indicated
by int span 3.5 mm.
2lanceheads.Cf.VWG 275, per VI:]. Bro-
ken. Square or four-edged cross section ac-
cording to inventory notes. Extant I when
found 295 & 305 mm. Not found in stores.
Pot. Broken^ discarded bv workmen.
Bhr 1881:02 (SHM 7581:02.
Gustafson I 90S grave 2. Field
bookp.73.WKGI:48)
Located c. 100 steps N with slight tendency
to E from Gullbacken, in cem-sect 2. Exca-
vated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. 73.
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 3.75 m.
U?
BD: Inhumation adult, head c. 180°.
3 animal-head brooches. Carlsson 1983
35:1-3; type 5.3.N, 5.5.N, 5.3.N; per C.
WKG 1:43:2, 3, 1. L 57.5, 56.5> 56 mm.
Dress pin, WKG 1:48:4. Rundqvist Niisson
1990 type A2, Middle Viking Period. L 85
mm.
4beids.WKG 1:48:5-8. 1 %lob white. 1 %lob
yellow. ] qcub red + 1 bri orange in one of
the brooches.
Utensilbrooch. Gustafson 1905: 102 fig. 66.
WKG I:4B:9. 8 dot-circle ornamented pro-
trusions. 8 holes. 4 chains. Iron tongue.
Contact surfaces worn. Max diam 35 mm.
H 13 mm. Intact chain 1 260 mm + ring.
Ear spoon. WKG 1:48:14. Made from a re-
worked dress pin of the same type as the
ab o vem e n t i o ned .
Bhr I 881:03 (SHM 7581:03.
Gustafson 1 905 grave 3. Field
book p. 75. WKG 1:42)
Located 3-3.5 m ESEofBhr 1881:02. Ex-
cavated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Low earth and stone mound. Diam 4-5 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Inhumation^ destroyed.
Penannular brooch. Carlsson 1988 35:1;
type FAG: US sex;b+ore;c I, H; per C. WKG
1:42:1. Diam 69 mm.
3 beads. WKG 1:42:4-5. 1 brl green. I qcub
red. 1 white not fojnd in stores.
Bronze spiral beads. WKG I:42:3r 1 intact
+ 5 frags according to Gustafson. 1 intact +
10 frags in 1994. Intact 1 25 mm. w 5 mm.
Prob from a tassel belt.
Strap buckle. WKG 1:42:2. Composite. Off-
centre tongue. Edge line on both faces of
mounting plate. W plate 22 mm. L plate 29
mm. L tot 52 mm.
Bhr 1881:04 (Gustafson 1905
grave 4. Field book p. 77)
Located c. 6 m ENE of Bhr 1331:03. Exca-
vated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 3-35 m.
ls:P
BD:?
No finds.
Bhr 1881:05 (Gustafson 1905
grave 5. Field book p. 79)
Located c. 2.5 m ENE of Bhr 1881:04. Ex-
cavated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam c. 3.3 m.
Is:?
BD:?
No finds.
Bhr 1881:06 (SHM 7581:06.
Gustafson 1905 grave 6.
Field book p. 8 1 .VZG grave 408)
Located 23 steps 22.5° from Bhr 1881:02.
Excavated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Low cairn. Diam 5 m.
Is: Sandstone slab cist. Robbed.
BD:?
SwQrd, Geibig 1991 #434. Cf VZG 2344,
perVI]:5. Petersen 1919 type H.W&G type
SP8. Blade badly corroded frags. Folded at
least twice. Inlaid with longitjdinal copper
stripes on hilts and pommel. Triangular pom-
mel. L lower hilt 77 mm. L upper hilt 65
mm. Orig max blade w>49 mm.
Bhr 1881:07 (SHM 7581:07.
Gustafson I 905 grave 7.
Field book p. 83)
Located immediately NW of Bhr 1881:08.
Excavated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Low irregular cairn. Diam 3 m NE-SW^
4 m NW-SE.
Is: Cremation layer.
BD: Cremation.
Arrowhead. Lancet^h aped with low shoul-
ders. Tanged. L 74 mm, L according to
Gustafson 95 mm.
Bronze strip mounl, Gustafson 1 905:106 fig.
67. 9 frags. Thin punch ornamented bronze
sheet. Rows of paired dots along long sides
and down middle. In the interval^ paired rings
connected with S-lines. Originally holes in
all four corners. Folded twice with punch side
in. W 24 mm. Orig I c. 67 mm.
Comb. 9 frags. All from the same grip rib.
7-8 edge hnes alongboth edges. 6 rivet holes,
some rust-stained.
Knife. 7 frags.
3 iron frags.
Bhr 1881:08 (Gustafson 1905
grave 8. Field book p. 85)
Located 20 steps NNW from Bhr 1 881 :02.
The field notes and the report manuscript
104
Bhrl88l
scare 20 5Ceps. Guscaf^on 1905: 106 states 30
steps, a niisprinc. Excavated by Gabriel Gus-
tafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 5 m.
Is:?
BD:?
No finds.
Bhr 1881:09 (SHM 7581:09.
Gustafson I 905 grave 9.
Field book p. 87)
Located 55 step^SW of a scone wall in cem-
sect 1. Excavated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Low earth-mixed cairn. Diam 2 m.
Is: Cremation layer 40 x 50 cm.
BD: Cremation.
3 arrowheads. 5 frags. Lancet-shaped. Wide
off-centre blade grooves. Socketed.
Comb. 2 grip rib frags^ fit together. Double
edge line. Cross-hatching between line and
toothward edge. Rust-stained rivet holes.
Knife, 1 main piece + 4 frags. Point and most
of tang missing. 2 blade grooves along back.
Extant blade 1 ll6 mm. Max blade w 22
mm.
Bone rod. 2 glued -together frags. Rectan-
gular cross-section. No intentional markings.
L rot 44 mm.
Bhr I88I:I0(SHM 7581:10.
Gustafson I 905 grave I 0.
Field book p. 89)
Located 10 steps south of the swastika-mark-
ed pine tree and 2 m NE of Bhr 1331:09 in
cem-sect 1. Excavated by Gabriel Gustafcon.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Low cairn. Diam 3 m.
Is: Cremation layer Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Comb. 4 frags. 3 grip rib + 1 tooth plate.
Triple edge line. Cross-hatching between line
and toothward edge. Rust stained rivet holes.
1 carnivore pbalanXr
Bhr 1881:11 (SHM 7581:11.
Gustafson I 905 grave I I .
Field book p.9l)
Located 1 mSEofBhr 1881:09. Excavated
by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Low cairn. Diam 1.75 m.
Is: Cremation layer
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr I88I:I2(SHM 7581:12.
Gustafson 1905 grave 12. Field
bookp.93.VZG grave 283)
Located 0.5 m NE of Bhr 1881:11. Exca-
vated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Low cairn. Diam 2 m.
Is: Cremation layer.
BD: Cremation.
Bronze sword grip, VZG l672^ per Vir:3.
Cf. Vendel grave I. 1 frag. Cast bronze.
Worked limestone disc. Gustafson 1905:109
fig. 63. Diam 220 mm. H 125 mm. Found
beside cairn. Not submitted to the SHM.
Bhr I88I:I3(SHM 7581:13.
Gustafson I 905 grave I 3.
Field book p. 95)
Located slightly less than 1 m NE of Bhr
1881:12. Partly excavated by the workmen
while Gustafcon was busy documenting Bhr
1S81:0L
Picdoc: -
Ss; Stone setting with remnants of kerb.
Diam 2.75 m.
Is: Cremation layer.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr I88I:I4(SHM 7581:14.
Gustafson I 905 grave 14.
Field bookp.97.VZG grave 284)
Located 1.5 m SE of Bhr 1881:13. Exca-
vated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Low cairn. Diam 2.5 m.
Is: Cremation layer.
BD: Cremation.
Bronze arm ring, VZG 1536, per V1L3.
KHN type Q3f Frag. Ornamented termi-
nation.
Bronze arm ring, VZG 1557, per V1L3.
KHN type Q3a. 4 frags. 2 fit together.
2 dress pins, Cf. VZG 1423, per Vll:3. Iden-
tical. Mjshroom head. L 50 mm.
2 tish-head pendants. Uncertain type. Frags.
Line & dot-circle ornamented.
>=4 beads, 4 amorpK greenish indet colour.
Badly burnt, fused with iron, bronze chain
and bone.
Bronze chain frags.
Decorated bronze frag. From a hollow, rect-
angular bronze object with dot-circles, badly
melted, I9xl2x6mm.
Melted bronze kinips and frags.
3 iron frags.
Bhr 1881:15 (SHM 7581:15.
Gustafson 1905 grave 15. Field
book p. 99.VZG grave 285)
Located L5 m SW of Bhr 1831:14. Exca-
vated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Low cairn. Diam 2.5 m.
Is: Cremation layer
BD: Cremation.
Bronze sbeet covered iron mount. \C&G
type RR2a. Cf VZG 15S7. per V1L3. 3
frags. Rectangular. 1 end-piece with rivet
holes incomers. >1 mm span from rivet head
to mount. W 19 mm.
Bronze frag. Half of edge of rounds funnelled
thin bronze sheet object. Diam 19 mm.
3 iron frags. 2 possibly from the mount, no
traces of bronze sheet.
Bhr 1882:16 (SHM 7581:16.
Gustafson 1905 grave 16. Field
bookp. I2I.VWG grave 83)
Located near the road in the southern cor-
ner of Jonas Jakobsson Pride's partly culti-
vated pasture plot (cem -sect 5)> 23 steps from
the southern fence and 18 steps from the
road fence. Excavated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field bookp. 121, ATA2203F,
Gustafson 1905: 1 1 2 fig. 69 and VWG textfig.
118.
Ss: Low mound. Diam 35 m.
Is: Limestone slab cist c, 105 x. c. 55 x 35
cm, 354°.
BD: Cremation.
Fibula. Type fibwide2. Cf \'WG 38, per
VI: 1. Triangular foot, rhomboid head. Pused
with beads.
>=2 beads. 1 amorph yellow. 1 amorph pale
blue. Pused with fibula.
Comb. Composite, indeterminable type. 2
glued-together tooth plate frags.
Bronze lock spring. VWG 241, per VI:1.
Gitstal^on 1905:113 fig. 70.
Bhr 1882:17 (SHM 7581:17.
Gustafson 1905 grave 17. Field
book p. I 37.VWG grave I 67)
Located between Bhr 1 882: 1 6 & 18. Exca-
vated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. 137.
Ss:?
Is: Slab cist c. 60 x c. 40 x c. 30 cm, 333°.
Damaged.
BD: Cremation.
Handle comb. VWG 546, perVT:2. Gustaf-
son 1905:114 fig. 71. 2 large composite
pieces + 1 small frag. Double edge line. Cres-
105
Bhrl882
cents with centre-dots. Closely spaced but
not paired bronze rivets.
Bhr I882:I8(SHM 7581:18.
Gustafson I 90S grave 18. Field
book p. I 25.WVG grave 37)
Located 1 0-1 1 steps NW oF Bhr 1 882: 1 6.
Excavated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Low turf-covered stone setting. Diam 3-
4 m.
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Dtess pin, VWG 76. per VI: 1 . Type dpflat.
L 47 mm.
Pottery. 4 frags. Turned-ou trim, neck, roun-
ded shoulder. Reddish, finely tempered. 5
mm thick. Kept with two potterv-like sand-
stone frags.
Bhr I882:I9(SHM 7581:19.
Gustafson I 905 grave I 9.
Field book p. 127)
Located 35 steps NW of Bhr 1 882: 1 8. Ex-
cavated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. 127.
Ss:?
Is: Slab cist c. 200 x c. 60 s c. 40 cm, 9°.
Robbed throughout.
BD; Inhumation adult, femur 45 cm. head
orig at N end.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1882:20 (Gustafson 1905
grave 20. Field book p. 129)
Located 8 steps ESE of Bhr 1882:19. Exca-
vated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss; Stone setting with sandstone kerb. Diani
2.75 m.
Is:?
BD:?
No finds.
Bhr 1882:21 (SHM 7581:21.
Gustafson I 905 grave 21 .
Field book p.l3l)
Located 9 steps N with slight tendency to E
of Bhr 1882:20 and 12 steps NE/EofBhr
1332:19. Excavated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. 131.
Ss;?
Is: Slab cist 70 x c. 35 x c. 40 cm. 0°.
BD; Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr I 882:22 (SHM 7581:22.
Gustafson I 905 grave 22.
Field book p. 133)
Located 24 steps E of Bhr 1882:21. Exca-
vated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. 133.
Ss:?
Is: Limestone slab cist c. 90 x c. 40 x c. 40
cm, 350°.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr I 882:23 (SHM 7581:23.
Gustafson 1905 grave 23. Field
book p. I 35.VWG grave I 68)
Located 30 steps SSE from Bhr 1882:22 and
IS steps from the road fence. Excavated by
Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. 135.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is Slab cist c. SO X c. 50 X c. 40 cm, 353°.
BD: Cremation.
4 beads. 4 amorph blue. 2 fused together
and crizzled.
2 button clasps. VWG 534, per Vl:2. From
2 pairs. 3 buttons each. L 31 mm.
Comb. VWG textfig. 200, per Vl:2. Type
combedg. 1 composite frag. Double edge
line. Bronze rivets.
Bhr I 882:24 (SHM 7581:24.
Gustafson I 905 grave 24.
Field book p. I I 3)
Located in Flodstrdm's plot that was "open
towards the road" (cem-sect 7), opposite the
gate to Gattbagen. Approximately half-way
between the road and the sandstone quarry^
36 steps S of the northern delimiting stone
wall. Excavated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. 113, ATA
2203F and Gustafson 1905:117 fig. 72.
Ss:?
Is: Limestone complex cist c. 75 x c. 6O x 30
cm, 8, slab sides, block ends.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr I 882:25 (SHM 7581:25.
Gustafson I 905 grave 25.
Field book p. I I 5)
Located 1 1 steps E with slight tendency to
N of Bhr 1882:26, 16 steps SW with slight
tendency to S from Bhr 1882:24 and 38
steps S of the northern delimiting stone wall.
Excavated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss:P
Is: Slab cist. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact fmds.
Bhr 1882:26 (SHM 7581:26.
Gustafson 1905 grave 26. Field
book p. I 03.VWG grave I 69)
Located 1 1 steps W with slight tendency to
S of Bhr 1832:25 and 30 steps perpendicu-
lar to the road. Excavated by Gabriel Gustaf-
son.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p 103.
Ss:?
Is; Sandstone slab cist c, 50 x c. 50 x c. 40
cm, 10°.
BD: Cremation.
Fibula. VWG 361, per Vl:2. Gustafson
1905: 1 1 8 fig. 73. Type fibwide2. Triangular
foot with round protrusions on corners and
middle of base, rhomboid head with front-
ward-curving animal-head protrusions. Pin
broken off
Pot- VWG 617. per VI:2. Type pots. Frags.
Turned -out rim, neck» rounded shoulder, gent-
ly inward -sloping sides, flat bottom. Stamp
ornamented with 2 stamps in a line-delimited
belt: above 3-line S, below 3 x 6-8 grid rect-
angle. Terracotta-coloured, finely tempered. 3-
5 mm thick. Rim diam c. 90 mm. Base diam
c. 75 mm. Height c. 105 mm.
Bronze fcag.
Bhr 1882:27 (SMM 7581:27.
Gustafson 1905 grave 27.
Field book p. 107)
Located 13 steps from Bhr 1 882:26. The SE
edge of the grave touched the line between
Bhr 1882:26 & 23. Excavated by Gabriel
Gustafson. Cf stray find SHM 7678:29-30.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. 1 07, ATA2203F
(where it is erroneously called #26) and Gus-
tafson 1905:1 19 fig. 74.
Ss: Low cairn. Diam c. 4 m.
Is: Off-centre (SE) slab cist c. 60 x c. 45 x
40 cm, 32.
BD: Cremation.
2 beads- 1 fglob red. 1 amorph yellow &
green.
Bronze strip frag. Edge hne ornament on
both faces.
Bhr 1882:28 (SHM 7581:28.
Gustafson 1905 grave 28. Field
book p. I 05.VWG grave I 70)
Located 29 steps SSW of Bhr 1882:26. Ex-
cavated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. 105, Gustafson
106
Bhrl882
1905:120 fig. 75 and VWG cextfig. 245.
Ss:?
Is: Slab ci^t c. 60 x c. 45 x c. 30 cm, 8°, with
E slab almost 3 times as long as cist.
BD: Cremation.
Strap ring mount. VWG textfig. 190, per
VI:2. Cavetto ring. Ext diam 20 mm.
Strap end mount. Type smesword. VWG
480, perVI:2. Gustafson 1905:121 fig. 76.
Sword -shaped. L 75 mm.
Pottery. 2 frags, fit together. Split base shards.
Terracotta-coloured, finely tempered.
Bhr 1882:29 (SHM 7581:29.
Gustafson I 90S grave 29. Field
book p. I I9.VWG grave 84)
Located 3.5 m E with slight tendency to S
from Bhr 1882:28. Excavated by Gabriel
Gustafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. 120, ATA
2203F and Gustafson 1905:122 fig. 77.
Ss: Well-preserved stone setting with sand-
stone kerb. Diam 3 m.
Is: Off-centre (N) sandstone slab cist 85 x
55x40cm, 24°. Gustafson 1905 incorrectly
shows the cist in the centre of the stone circle.
In fact the southern end of the cist marked
the centre.
BD; Cremation.
Dtesspin. 2frags^ headlost. Extant 149 mm.
Strap buckle. Type smbovala. Cf VWG
156, per\T:l. L tot 23 mm.
2 bronze strip mounts. 1 incomplete. One
end rectangular, the other spoon-shaped.
Off-centre rivets. 76 x 9 mm. Rivet span 4
mm.
Unburnt bird hone. According to VWG.
Bhr 1882:30 (SHM 7581:30.
Gustafson I 905 grave 30.
Field book p. 139)
Located 20 steps E with slight tendency to
N of Bhr 1 882:25, 1 6 steps SE with slight
tendency to S of Bhr 1882:24 and only a
few steps from the road. Excavated by
Gabriel Gustation.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. 139.
Ss:?
Is: Limestone slab cist c. 75 x 40 x 40 cm,
0°.
BD: Cremation.
Comb. 2 composite frags. Single edge line.
Closely set bronze rivets.
Ornamented bone frag. 2 parallel obliqje
lines. From neither comb, gaming piece nor
hide-scraper.
Bhr 1882:31 (Gustafson 1905
gr^ve 31. Field book p. 141)
Located 19 steps SSW of Bhr 1382:30 and
close to the road. Excavated by Gabriel Gus-
tafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. l4l.
Ss: Stone-set empty rectangle c. 2 x 1 .5 m^
sides 18°.
Is:-
BD:-
No finds.
Bhr I 882:32 (SHM 7581:32.
Gustafson I 905 grave 32.
Field book p. 143)
Located 70 steps S of Bhr 1382:28, adjacent
to the road and S of the track from opposite
Flodstrom'scottage to the sands tone quarries.
Excavated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. l43.
Ss:?
Is: Limestone slab cist c. 60 x c. 40 x 40 cm.
19°.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr I 882:33 (SHM 7581:33.
Gustafson 1905 grave 33. Field
book p. I45.VWG grave 85)
Located 2 m SW of Bhr 1 882:32, measured
from corner to corner. Excavated by Gabriel
Gustafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. l45.
Ss:?
Is: Sandstone slab cist c. 70 x 55 x c. 45 cm,
c. 24°. Damaged.
BD: Cremation.
6 beads- 3 amorph black & red. 2 amorph
blue. 1 fglob tluc cobalt blue.
Strip end mount. VWG 133, per VLl.
Gustafson 1905:124 fig. 78. Type smedisc.
Disc terminal.
Comb, 4 frags. 1 grip rib + 3 tooth plate.
Type combedg. Single edge line with semi-
dot-circtes. Single 3-concentric dot-circle^
diam 10 mm.
Bhr I 882:34 (SHM 7581:34.
Gustafson 1905 grave 34. Field
book p. 1 47.VWG grave 171)
Located 2.3 mSWofBhr 1382:33. The ex-
tension of the eastern side of Bhr 1882:33 ran
through the middle and parallel to the eastern
side of Bhr 1882:34. Excavated by Gabriel
Gustafson.
Picdoc: Plan in field book p. 147 and VWG
textfig. 242.
Ss:?
Is: Limestone slab cist c. 70x c. 55 k45 cm,
21°.
BD: Cremation.
Fibula knob. Height 10.4 mm. Max w 8.2
mm.
Button clasp. Gustafson 1905:126 fig. 81.
Cf V'WG 533, per VI:2. 3 buttons.
Strap buckle. VWG 492, per VI:2. Gustafeon
1905:126 fig. 80. Type smblow. Strap width
8 mm. Strap thickness 1,5 mm.
Strap buckle. VWG 506. per VI:2. Gustafeon
1905:125 fig. 79. Type smbprof Strap width
14 mm. Strap thickness 2 mm.
Strap ring mount. VWG 517, per VI:2.
Cavetto ring. Ext ring diam 15 mm. Strap
thickness 2 mm.
Strap end mount. \'WG 475, per VI: 2. Type
smesword. 2 frags.
Handle comb, VWG textfig. 201. perVl;2. 6
tooth plate + 2grip rib. Double edge line, single
on handle. Line of fine notches inside line on
handle. Single 3-concentric dot-circle on
handle, diam 10 mm. 2 loose bronze rivets.
15 bear phalanges.
Unhurnt animal bones.
Bhr 1882:35 (SHM 7581:35.
Gustafson 1905 grave 35. Field
book p. I49.VWG grave 38)
Located in the southern end of Flodstrom's
plot, a couple of steps from the southern
fence and c. 20 steps from the road. Exca-
vated by Gabriel Gustafson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Low cairn. Diam 2.5 m.
Is; Cremation layer
BD: Cremation.
Fibula. Badly melted. Rhomboid head with
3 preserved corners. Hemispherical knobs
on corners.
3 beads. 1 fglob vellow. 1 fglob blue. 1
amorph blue.
Comb. Composite, indeterminable type. 3
frags, 1 grip rib + 1 tooth plate + 1 tooth.
No preserved ornament.
Pottery. 4 frags. Terracotta-coloured, me-
dium-coarsely tempered, c. 4 mm thick.
Bhr 1882:36 (SHM 7581:36.
Gustafson 1905 grave 36.
Field book p. 109)
Located in the SW corner of Gatthagen, not
far E or NE from Bhr 1 882:37, c. 40 steps
from the fence towards Flodstrom^s home
plot, Nygranne 1:36. Excavated by Gabriel
Gustafeon.
107
Bhrl882
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with probable kerb. Diam
c. 6 m.
Is: Cremation layer.
BD: Cremation.
Knife, 1 frag. Not submitted to the SHM.
Pottery. 8 frag?. Reddish, coarsely tempered,
c. 8 mm thick.
Bhr I 882:37 (Field book p. I 23-1 24)
Located in the SW corner of Gatthagen in
the angle of the road and Flodstrom's home
plot property boundary^ not far WorSWof
Bhr 1882:36. This cairn was the southern-
most in Gatthagen. Opened by the land-
owner 20 years previously. The man errone-
ously stated that the cist had been left jn-
touched. Gustation apparently hoped to
strike it rich here and wrote in the field book:
"Must say that [it was] torn up with thrust-
down iron spits". It is surprising that Gustaf-
son left all mention of the undisturbed half
of this grave with the finds out of the re-
port. None of the finds were submitted to
the SHM.
Pkdoc: Plan in field book p. 124.
Ss: Cairn.
Is: Sandstone slab cist.
BD: Inhumation, adult, femur4l cm, tibia
32.5 cm, extended on back with knees
turned sin, destroyed above femora, head c.
0°.
Spur [?), Found at feet.
Iron mount. Rectangular. With 4 rivets. C.
40 X c. 25 mm. Found at dx knee.
2 iron mounts. Rectangular "with a central
hole. C. 90 X c. 30 mm. Hole c. 70 x 10
mm. Found at feet.
Resin caulking. Frags found around feet.
Bhr 1882:38 (SHM 7678:25.
WVG grave 29)
"Finds in long stone cist with skeleton, be-
side the one found last year (with the 'sinka')
by Dalman, up near the Gullbacke — head
north — during 'gravel' digging in the kaulu.
According to other information 'more E-W.
Nilsson experienced, was present at the un-
earthing, therefore probably nothing missed."
Gustafson's field book p 100(1832).
The adjacent grave found the previous
year must have been Bhr 1381:01^ since
Gustafson documented only two stone cists
that year, of which only Bhr 1881:01 con-
tained anything which could be called a sinka
[curved metal staple or boss), namely a bronze
sheet scabbard chape. Gustafson's quotation
marks around the word "gravel" are interes-
ting since they stress the fact that the local
dialect used the mainland Swedish word for
gravel, grus, to mean sandstone^ the quar-
ries of which were called kaulu (see SHM
7678:57 & 63).
From Gabriel Gustafsson's collection,
bought by the SHM in 1885.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is: "Long" stone cist.
BD: Inhumation, adult judging from cist
length. 2 human teeth kept with finds: I
well-worn lower incisor and 1 molar.
Fibula, Cf VWG 35, perVl:!. Frag. Trian-
gular head with 3 discs in corners. Silver fili-
gree ornaments. 2 loose filigree rings. Bow
pierced for disc
8 beads, 6 fglob red. 1 brl vellow. 1 fglob
pale turquoise. All diam <6 mm.
Casket handle, VWG 254, per Vl:l. With
animal heads. 1 extant staple.
Bronze key V'WG 239, per VI: 1. Intact. 2
prongs.
2 bronze wire frags, Prob the missing staple
for the casket handle. Square cross-section.
Diam 1 mm.
Bhr I 882:39 (SHM 7678:35)
"Brooch with two holes ... prototype for ani-
mal-head brooches. Found at the northern
end of Barshalder in a gravel pit at the road
beneath a flake with a burnt deposit together
with an iron knife (lost)." Gustafson's field
book p. 100 (1882). From Gabriel Gustafeon's
collection, bought by the SHM in 1385.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is: Cremation pit covered with a stone flake.
BD: Cremation.
Proto- animal -head brooch, KHN type G4b.
Diagonal lines on sin side of foot. No other
ornamentation. Bent sin. Broken-off iron
pin. L 32 mm. W 23 mm.
Knife. Not collected,
Bhr 1882:40 (SHM 7678:57)
"1 small sword or large knife (single-edged)
bent tightly, the lower part of a spear head,
a small piece from the bit of a bronze key, all
found in a burnt grave edged with flakes at
Barshalder, unearthed during gravel digging
[here probably actually sandstone quarrying,
see SHM 7678:25 and 7673:63] right be-
side the road near Nilsson's house." Gustaf-
son's field book p 70 [September 1881). Nils-
son worked for Gustafson at Barshalder and
his house is also mentioned elsewhere in the
field book.
"Grave find, said to come from a grave
with burnt bones, fined with stone flakes,
found during gravel extraction out by the
road near 'Gullbacke' at the Barshalder cem-
etery in Grdthngbo parish." SHM inventory.
From Gabriel Gustafson's collection,
bought by the SHM in 1335.
Picdoc: -
Ss;?
Is: Stone cist.
BD: Cremation.
Seax, VZG 1206. per V1I;2. W&G type
SAX5. Folded without grip. Origltotc. 470
mm. Orig blade I c. 370 mm. Max w 26
mm.
Lance head. Probably W&G type L2 or L4.
Frag missing end of socket and most of blade.
Lancet shaped. Socketed. Extant socket 1 53
mm. Max extant socket w 27.2 mm. Min
socketwl2.1 mm.
Strap buckle tongue. Slightly melted. L 12
mm. Not mentioned in the inventory (cf
Bhr 1931:20).
Bronze key Cf VZG 441-456, 1117-1 129,
per Vll:l-2. Frag, handle missing. Punch
ornamented. 3 prongs.
Bhr 1884:01 (SHM 7483.
VZG grave 134)
"Finds from the so-called Barshaldersbacke...
Found by Alfred Wiman of Wiges during
gravel extraction in a grave lined with hme-
stone flakes, 8 feet [475 cju] long, 3 feet [ISO
cm] wdde, without cover stones, among a
great amount of charcoal and burnt bone
fragments." Bought by the SHM in 1884.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is: Limestone slab cist c. 8 x 3 feet [475 x
180 cm].
BD: Cremation.
4 swords. Frags. Folded. Wide central blade
grooves.
SeaxA, VZG 548, perVILl. W&G type
SAX3. Folded with grip already removed.
Tang end missing. Extant I tot 702 mm.
Blade I 552 mm. Max blade w 38 mm.
SeaxB. W&G type SAXl or SAX2. Curved
frag. Missing point & tang-end. Extant 1 tot
357 mm. Extant blade 1 332 mm. Max blade
w 36 mm.
Seax C. W&G typeSAX2. 2 frags, complete.
Bent at 2 points. L tot 554 mm. Blade 1445
mm. Max blade w 38 mm.
Seax D. W&G type SAX2 or SAX7. Frag.
108
Bhr 1884
Part of blade and tang-end missing. Extant 1
tot 3 1 mm. Extant blade 1 1 32 mm.
Seax E, W&G type SAX2 or SAX7. Frag.
Bent at >=] point. Blade ba^e missing. Tang
frag may belong to seax E orF. Estant blade
1 263 mm. Max blade w4l mm.
Seax F. W&G type SAX3 or SAX7 or SAX8.
4 frags. Bent at >=1 point. Blade base miss-
ing. Tang frag may belong to seas E or F.
Extant blade i 440 mm. Max blade w 46
mm.
Lancehead.Cf.VZG581,perVII:].W&G
type L4. Foided. L tot c. 200 mm. Blade I c.
130 mm. Max blade w c. 40 mm.
Lance bead. Point frag. Sharply tapered.
Rhomboid cross -section. Extant dimensions
115 X 28 mm.
Umbo, VZG 626, per VII:1. W&G type
SBB&C.5frags.
Umbo. VZG 627, per VII:1. W&G type
SBB&C. Triangular punch ornamented
bronze sheet ornament riveted on top. 2 frags.
Umbo. VZG 623, per VII:1. W&G type
SBB&C. 8 frags.
2 umbones. W&G type SBB&C. Domed
with narrowed bases. Small frags.
4 shield rivets. Early Vendel Period. Domed
heads. Head diam 35 mm. Span 13 mm.
2 bridle bits. W&G type RT3. Frags. Ext
ring diam c 95 mm.
Bridle bit, 1 frag. Oblong side-link.
Iron hook. VLG 709, per VII: 1 . 2 rivets.
3 knives. Frags, all missing points and tang-
ends. The thinnest one with off-set tang.
Blade w7.5, 12, 23 mm.
Shears? Grip frag.
Iron sheet cauldron- Frags. Riveted together.
Mounts for wooden stai'e vessel. VZG 75 1 ,
per Villi. Iron bands with triangular cross-
section, pierced with rivets, joined with
ribbed bronze sheet cuffs. Vessel diam c. 320
mm.
3 iron rivets. Span 18 mm.
Iron spiral.
Iron pin.
Iron rod, 2 frags, fit together. Square cross-
section. 4 mm thick.
Iron object. Rectangular flat bar. 3 frags, fit
together. W 15 mm. Thickness 6 mm in-
cluding rust swelling.
Iron mount. Frag. Iron rod with tapered,
flattened^ pierced end. Extant I 134 mm.
7 iron strip frags. Flat. Pierced with rivets.
Wl8mm.
Bhr I 884:02 (SHM 7563. Including
VZG grave 248)
"The find was made by Mathias Jakobsson
of Roes in a gravel ridge on the farmstead's
property in a grave lined and covered with
limestone flakes, about 6 feet [355 cm] long^
where the pot was found standing contain-
ing a handful of ashes and the submitted
objects were lying among bones." Bought
by the SHM in 1334.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is: Limestone slab cist c. 6 feet [355 cm]
long.
BD: Cremation.
Disc -on -bow brooch, VZG 842, per VI 1:2.
KHN type E2a2-small. Red glass cloisonne
on waffled base. Silver filigree. Ivory inlay.
Punch ornamented. Pin lost. L 97.5 mm.
Utensil brooch. VZG 976. perVII:2. Partly
burnt. High frame. Cross-outline protrusion
with bronze sheet strap fastener. Sin-dx
bronze pin. L tot except strap fastener 50
uim. Frame diam 35.5 mm. Frame height
10 mm.
2 bridle hits- W&G type RT2. Frags with
partial fire patination. Ring bits. Profiled bit-
links. Ring diam 79 & 75 mm.
2 iron mounts. Frags. Smoothly bent rect-
angular iron plates with central openings and
rectangular iron strip counterwashers. 1
domed rivet head. Span c, 17 mm.
Iron vessel liandle. Frags. Ending in elegant
hook. Rectangular cross-section. 1 1 x4mm.
Extant 1 when found 170 mm. Not found
in stores.
Iron object. Flat rod with widened hook at
end. 90 x 24 mm. Not fojnd in stores.
Pot, VZG 1300. per V1I;2. Stamp orna-
mented.
Bhr 1886:01 (SHM 8000:2 & 6.
VZG grave I 36a)
"Finds from ^Barsalders backe' or ^Roesror'
in Grotlingbo parish ... Found by Jacob
Larsson of Sdderqvie during gravel extrac-
tion. 'The objects were found at two differ-
ent spots. The straight sword and the spear-
head were found at one spot [Bhr 1886:01].
... The rest were found about two feet [60
cm] below the ground surface among burnt
bones and ashes [Bhr 1886:02]"." Bought
by the SHM in 1886.
Picdoc: -
I«^
BD:?
Seix,W&G typeSAX5. Straight. Fairly well
preserved. Point missing 10-20 mm. Extant
1 500 mm. Extant blade I 421 mm. Max w
31 mm.
Lince bead. \C&G type L4. Fairly well pre-
served. Leaf-shaped with conical socket.
Ridged cross-section. Transversal rivet in
socket. L tot l67 mm. Blade 1 103 mm. Max
blade w48 mm.
Bhr I 886:02 (SHM 8000:1 , 3-5, 7-1 6.
VZG grave 136b)
"Finds from 'Barsalders backe' or 'Roesrdr'
in Grotlingbo parish ... Found by Jacob
Larsson of Soderqvie during gravel extrac-
tion. 'The objects were found at two differ-
ent spots. The straight sword and the spear-
head were found at one spot [Bhr 1886:01].
... The rest were found about two feet [60
cm] below the ground surface among burnt
bones and ashes [Bhr 1886:02]'." Bought
by the SHM in 1886.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Sword. 2 frags, point and tang end missing.
Folded dX. 5 points. Burnt. Damascened blade
centre.
Seax. Badly corroded frag. Blade base & tang
missing. Orig blade 1 >146 mm. Max blade
w 26 mm.
Seax scabbard edge mounts. 6 frags. Iron
sheet. U-shaped cross-section, 1 fused with
vessel handle when found. Inner span 3.5
mm. W4.5 mm.
Lance bead. Type L5. Cf VZG 575, per
Villi. 2 frags. Burnt and badly corroded.
Folded. Rhomboid cross-section. Most of the
socket missing in 2000. Fused with umbo
frags when found. L tot according to draw-
ing made at acquisition 332 mm + 20-30 mm.
Origbladel 210 + 20-30 mm. Origmax blade
w 34 mm.
Umbo. Uncertain type. 19 frags. Burnt and
badly corroded. Domed with narrowed base.
Wood^ bone and gravel in corrosion. Fused
with folded lance head when found.
Bridle hit. W&G type RT2. 2 frags. Badly
corroded. Profiled bit-links. Ring diam 85
mm.
Domed bronze mount. W&G type BN.
Burnt frag. Bevelled base. Diam 48 mm ac-
cording to inventory. Not found in stores.
Knife. Badly corroded frags. Blade base &
tang missing. Orig 1 tot >121 mm. Max ex-
tant blade w 20.5 mm.
109
Bhrl887
2 whetstones. 1 intact + 2 frags. Sandstone.
Intact I l4l mm according to inventory. Not
found in stores.
Iron vessel handle- 3 frags. Spiralled square
rod + t\vjsted wires. 2 handles according to
inventory;
C, 20 iron carpentry rivets. Not found in
stores.
Bronze frag. 2 rivet holes. Mas 1 7 mm.
Bronze sheet covered iron objectr Badly cor-
roded. Wood and gravel in corrosion. Lan-
cet-shaped. Folded with bronze sheet inwards.
Domed bronze rivet head on inside.
Iron fragr Shard with large corrosion lump.
Bhr 1887:01 (SHM 8204.
VZG grave 37)
"...found by the workman Carl Pettersson of
Rovalds in Grotlingbo parish during gravel
extraction at Barsaldersbacke among bones. A
previously distud^ed prehistoric grave seemed
to have been at the find spot." Bought by the
SHM in 1887.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Apparently visible above ground.
Is:?
BD: Inhumation.
Disc-on-bo^v brooch. KHN type E2a2-
small. VZG 58. perVlI:!. Gilded. 5 inlaid
garnets. Remnants of iron pin. L 6l mm.
2 proto- animal -he ad brooches, KHN type
G4a. VZG 25 and 28, per V1I:1. Well pre-
served. Remnants of iron pins. Both bent
sin. L32& 29 mm.
32 beads. Petre 1984 type P3. 12brlred. 8
brl orange. 6 fglob orange. 2 obi qcon or-
ange. 1 brl tluc green. 1 brl limestone. 1 cyl
red & white banded. 1 brl red with 2 cross-
ing yellow wavy belts enclosing 3 equatorial
yellow dots.
Utensilbrooch.VZGl71,perVlI;l.KHN
type A2dl. Punch ornamented. Strap fas-
tening protrusion with bearded man's head.
Intact bronze tongue.
Comb. VZG 4l9, perVlLl. Fairfy intact, only
3 tooth plates and ends of grip ribs missing.
Originally 8 tooth plates, ?+?+7+S+6+8+7+?
teeth. Triple edge lines. Triple trans\'ersal lines.
Dot-circles & 2-concentric dot-circles in the re-
sulting sections. Bronze rivets. Max w 55 mm.
2 iron frags. 1 with end loop holding ves-
tiges of wire loop. Key?
Bhr 1888:01 (University of
Uppsala, Museum of Scandinavian
Antiquities, UMF3I64)
"Grave hnd ... Barshalders hed between
Grotlingbo and Fide parishes". Acquired 22
January 1888.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
ls:P
BD: Cremation.
Seix, W&G type SAX5. Well-preserved with
fire patina. U-bent. L tot 429 mm. Blade I
326 mm. Max blade w 26 mm. Max tang w
17.5 mm.
Lance head, \C&G type L4. Well-preserved
with fire patina^ point missing. Leaf-shaped
and socketed. Orig 1 tot c. 190 mm. Orig
blade 1 c. 132 mm. Max blade w 44 mm.
Shield rivet. Well-preserved with fire patina.
Counterwasher missing. Disc-shaped head.
Diam 26.5 mm. Span 1 1 mm.
Iron strap buckle. Uncertain type. Well-pre-
served with fire patina. Oval frame. No fas-
tening plate. 25 X 15.5 mm. Int w 19 mm.
Knife, Well-preserved with fire patina, point
missing. Orig 1 tot c. 155 mm. Orig blade I
c. 88 mm. Max blade w 22.5 mm. Max tang
w ] 7 mm.
Bhr 1889:01 (SHM 8480.
VZG grave I 37)
Three sets of objects found by Niklas Svens-
son of Uddvide, Kristina Lingvall of Roes
and Olof Karlsson at one single spot in a
gravel pit belonging to the Roes farmstead.
The fact that fragments of some objects were
spread out over more than one set of finds
indicates that all three sets belong to the same
grave. Bought by the SHM in 1889.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
ls:P
BD: Cremation.
Glass vessel, 4 melted frags. Pale green. 1
with a distinct thread of the same glass laid
on surface.
Sword, Cf. VZG 514, perVII:l. Folded at
one point. Damascened. Orig blade 1 550-
600 mm.
Sword hilt mount frag. W&G typeSP3. Cf.
VZG 523. per \ai:l. Outer end of lower
hilt mount, two plates joined by a rivet with
globular knobs.
Swotd grip cuff. \'ZG 533, per\''ll:l. Lower
cuff.
Sword ring mount. VZG 529 & 530. per
VII:1. W&G typeSP3b. Horizontal ring +
vertical half-ring.
2 baldric buttons. VZG 536, per VIM.
Rivet span 4 mm.
Baldricbutton. VZG 535, per VII:]. Slightly
domed. Round iron counter- was her. Rivet
span c. 25 mm.
Scabbard edge mounts. 8 frags. Fused with
bone and wood. Iron. U-shaped cross-sec-
tion.
Lance head. W&G type Ll. Cf. VZG 562,
per VILl. Corroded blade, point lost. Ves-
tiges of mount rivets on socket. Extant I tot
265 mm. Extant blade I 142 mm. Mas blade
w 33 mm.
Lance head mount. Cf. VZG 560, per VII: 1.
Warped. Cast ornate cap with central hole
but no top knob.
2lanceheadrings. Cf VZG56l,perVII:I.
1 intact + 1 frag. Triangular cross-section, 1
face diagonally striated. Ring's plane curved.
Max diam IS mm.
Umbo. VZG 625 & 636, per V1I:1. W&G
typeSBA(2). Collapsed. Originally 5 rivets and
1 top disc, 3 ornamented rivets of the same
type as those described below are still attached
to the umbo.
Umbo top disc. VZG 662, per VII: 1 . W&G
typeSBA(2). Counter-clockwiseStyle II swas-
tika. Different in design from the other 8 disc-
rivets in the find. Diam 37 mm.
4 shield rivets. VZG 66O, per VIM. Identi-
cal though in various states of preservation.
Iron discs covered with embossed bronze
sheet, clockwise Style II triskele. Off-centre
rivets. 1 fused with bone & charcoal on back
Diam 3S mm. Span 10 mm. 2 of these rivets
originally fastened the umbo's rim. 1 fastened
the shield handle at the grip. The remaining
rivet probably fastened one end of the handle
from the outside of the shield, right at the
cast termination. The other end of the handle
seems to have been lost, disc rivet, cast termi-
nation and alt. The Hyldagergard model
found in Zealand has the same motif as these
rivet heads (Orsnes 1971, Capelle & Vierck
1971 & 1975>VangPefersen 1991:53 fig. 4f,
Hoilund Nielsen 1991:139).
Shield handle. VZG 659, per VII: 1 . 4 iden-
tifiable frags. Iron covered with interlace-
embossed bronze sheet. 1 ornamented rivet
of the abovementioned type on the largest
frag, at the grip. Original shape probably as
VZG 644.
Shield handle termination. VZG ^8. per
Villi. Fastening tongue broken off.
Bridle bar bit, VZG 671, per VILl. Frags.
1 fairly intact ribbed bronze cyhnder + 1 frag
of another, 2 T-hooks and 2 strap fasteners
with strongly worn contact surfaces.
2 strap buckles. X'^G 277, perX'^I; 1. 1 miss-
ing tongue. Schildtorn plates on tongue-
Bhrl899
bases. 2 intact bronze rivets on one, remains
of 1 iron rivet on the other Strap w 1 7 mm.
Span 3 mm.
Bridle strap crossing mount. VZG 691, per
VII: 1 . W&G type RV! a. 2 burnt frags. Rem-
nants of iron rivet in 1 corner. 1 frag fused
with bone & charcoal on back.
2 strap end mounts. W&G type ZRl. 2
warped and burnt frags. Unadorned. Shape
and size as VZG 265. L c. 80 mm.
Strap buckle, VZG 278, per VlIiL W&G
type GU3. Burnt, fastening plate missing.
Schildtorn plate on tongue-base. W52 mm.
Int w c. 35 mm.
Strap buckle counterplate mount. VZG 345,
perXni;!. Red glass inlay on rivet heads and
silver filigree rings underneath (1 in place and
half a loose one extant). Iron counterwasher.
Orig span c. 5 mm.
Strap T-mount. VZG 369, per \ai: 1 . W&G
type TRI. T-shaped. Domed rivet heads with
silver filigree rings. Punch ornamented. Bronze
counterv/asher. Span 5 mm.
Strap retainer, VZG 387. per VTI: 1, W&G
type RL2. Cruciform front plate. Punch or-
namented.
Ornamental strap nioimt. VZG 311, per
V1I:1.W&G type RRl a. "Warped. CastStyle
II ornament. Rivet holes in corners. 37x 13
mm.
Ornamental strap mount. VZG 313, per
V11:1.W&G type RR! a. Warped. CastStyle
II ornament. Rivet holes in corners. 37. 5 x
13.5 mm.
Ornamental strap mount. \'ZG 349, per
VI1:1.W&G typeRRla.Langobard import
[Nerman 1966). Burnt frag. Rectangular
with rivet holes in the two extant corners.
^ l4 mm. L >53 mm.
Bronze joint rivet. VZG 796. per VII: 1.
Span 7.5 mm.
Knife, 1 frag. Blade back enveloped by rem-
nants of leather scabbard with bronze sheet
cover.
Knife handle mount. Cast bronze cuff from
end of handle at base of blade. Max blade w
26 mm. Outline shaped approximately as
VZG 487.
Bronze sheet vessel. 5 frags. Turned-out rim,
thickened edge. Rim w 7 mm.
Pot, VZG 774 perVlI:!. Frags, fairly com-
plete. Turned -out rim, neck, rounded shoul-
der, inward-slanting sides, flat bottom.
Stamp ornamented with 1 stamp: skewed 5
X 2 grid rectangle dispersed from neck to
shoulder and slightly below it. Reddish sur-
face, grey core, coarsely tempered, 6 mm
thick.
Bronze rivet. Domed head. Diam 7 mm.
7 iron rivets. Frags, corroded and fused with
bone. Head diam 10-15 mm.
3 embossed bronze sheet frags. VZG 6l 2,
per VII: ! . From a helmet?
Bronze mount. Burnt frag with vestiges of
striated frame.
Bronze mount. Unadorned frag with cast
vertical edge strip. 18x9x3 mm.
2 bronze mount frags. Burnt. 1 with bronze
rivet. Span 4 mm.
Bronze slieet spangle. Burnt. Domed with
rectangular brim. 4 thread holes visible.
Bronze sheet disc. Central hole with rem-
nants of iron rivet. Diam 21 mm.
Bronze knob. Globular Fused with bone
and iron. Diam 6 mm.
4 bronze lumps. 1 with vestiges of a cast
bronze ring and fused with bone.
Iron mount frag. Corner of iron sheet
mount with domed-head bronze rivet.
Iron strip mount. 2 frags. 1 folded, with a
small rivet. V-shaped cross-section. W 11
mm.
Iron strip mount, 1 frag. Edge line orna-
ment. 2 rivet holes. W22.5 mm. From hel-
met circlet?
4 iron strip frags. 1 folded. 2 with holes. W
12 mm.
2 iron strip frags. 1 folded. W 19 mm.
19 iron slieet frags. Probably from umbo
and shield handle.
Fossil. Shaped like an orange segment. L 37
mm.
Bhr 1899:01 (SHM 10939 B:OI)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: Plan sketch [ATA 2248F).
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 1.5 m.
Height0.12m.
Is:?
BD: Cremation,
Knife. 4 frags.
Bhr I 899:02 (SHM I 0939 B:02)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam l.S m. Height 0.1
m.
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr I 899:03 (SHM I 0939 B:03)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 1.65 m. Height
0.15 m.
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Comb. 2 tooth plate frags. 1 dot-circle or-
nament.
Bhr 1899:04 (SHM I0939B:04.
VZG grave 189)
Located 2.25 m from Bhr 1899:05. Exca-
vated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: Plan sketch (ATA 2248F).
Ss; Stone setting with kerb. Diam 1.9 m.
HeightOJ6m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Fish^head pendants. VZG 1012, per VII:2.
KHN typeS2gl. 1 intact + frags. Intact 1 19
mm, max w 1 .7 mm.
25 beads. Petre 1984 type P3. 9 brl red. 5
l^lob white. 3 Iglob red. 2 fglob pale tur-
quoise. 2 obi qcon red. 2 f^lob orange. 1 ^lob
pale turquoise with 3 black dot red circle. 1
tlucbrl t jrquoise with opaque red polar caps.
Comb. 3 grip rib frags. Triple edge line.
Bronze frags. Including 1 bracteate frag, al-
though a note in its box states it to be of un-
certain provenance. It is not mentioned in the
SHM inventory and may belong to Bhr
1399:22.
Iron &ags.
Bhr I899:0S(SHM 10939 B:05)
Located 2.25 m from Bhr 1899:04. Exca-
vated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: Plan sketch (ATA 2248F).
Ss; Stone setting with kerb. Diam 1.95 m.
Height 0.09 m.
Is; No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Bead. 1 frag. Tluc turquoise with red opaque
coating.
Bhr 1899:06 (SHM 10939 B:06>
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 1.55 m. Height 0.13
m.
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Pottery. 1 frag. Grey, coarsely tempered. 7
mm thick.
Bhr 1899:07 (SHM 10939 B:07)
Excavated by Harald Lajrin.
Picdoc: -
Ss; Stone setting with kerb. Diam 3.25 m.
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Umbo. W&G type SBB&C. 1 main piece
Bhrl899
+ frags. Domed with narrowed base and
brim. Min diam 1 1 1 mm. Dome-base diani
121 mm. Mas dome diam ll6 mm. Brim
& apex destroyed.
2 sliield rivets. Domed, diam 32 mm.
Bhr I 899:08 (SHM I 0939 B:08)
Excavated by Ha raid Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: StoLie setting. Diam 1 .6 m. Height 0.08 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation. 1 bone frag kept in artefact
stores although lacl^ing traces of artificiai
modification other than burning.
Bronze strip frag. Single edge line on one
side. Extant 1 41 mm. W 15 mm.
Bhr 1899:09 (SHM 10939 B:09)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 3 m.
Height 0.04 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
>=5 beads. 1 bri red. 1 amorph red. 1 brl
orange. 2 red lumps fused with bone. 1 tluc
green & opaque white lump.
Iron connterwasher. Rhomboid with intact
hole. Fused with bone.
6 iron sheet frags,
Bhr 1899:10 (SHM 10939 B:EO)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 3 m.
Height 0.05 m.
Is:?
BD; Cremation.
Comb. 1 toothplate frag with half a rivet
hole.
Iron frag.
Bhr 1899:11 (SHM 10939 B:l I.
VZG grave 231)
Damaged during gravel extraction. Docu-
mented by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: TOthout kerb.
Is: Prob slab cist.
BD: Cremation.
Bronze arm ring. VZG 1034 per Vir:2.
KHN type Q3e. Open. Spiral-ti\'isted square
rod. Max int diam 65 mm. 3.6 mm thick.
5 beads- 2 bicon yellow. 2 brl orange. 1 brl
oreen.
Bhr I 899:1 2 (SHM 10939 B:l 2)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 2.9 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Seax. W&G type SAX2. 2 frags, incomplete.
Tang & blade base missing. Bent at 1 point.
Extant blade I4l0 mm. Max or ig blade wc.
35 mm.
Bhr 1899:13 (SHM 10939 B:l 3.
VZG grave I 90)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 2.3 m.
Height 0.07 m.
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Disc from disc-on-bow broocli. Featureless
bevelled edge. Diam 22.5 mm. Thickness
4.4 mm.
2 ptoto- animal -hea.d btooclies. KHN type
G4b. Cf. VZG 827> per Vl]:2. 1 intact + 1
warped. Iron pin on intact brooch. Both bent
sin. Intact I 32 mm. Intact w 23 mm.
2 dress pins, VZG 927, per VII:2. 1 bent.
Mushroom heads with crosses on top. Cross-
hatching on body. L straight 50 mm. L bentc.
60 mm.
C. 12fish-headpendants. KHN type S2gl.
Cf.VZG 1012, per VII:2. Frags. Lc. 15 mm.
2 fish-tail pendants. \ZG 1008, perVI[:2.
>=92 beads. Petre 1934 type P3. 21 amorph
red. 20 brl red. 10 brl orange. 10 obi qcon
red. 9 obi cy] limestone. 4 brl limestone. 3
amorph orange. 2 brl tluc green. 1 fglob red.
1 f^lob orange. 1 brl tluc blue. 1 brl blue. 1
^lob limestone. 1 brl red with wavy equator
belt^ black i\'ith white edges and red dots
down centre. 1 brl green with 2 intersecting
belts orange bordered with white. 1 fglob tluc
blue with white opaque streaks. 1 fglob
multicoloured radial slices. 1 red Ijmp. 1 yel-
low lump. ] red, blue and tluc yellow lump.
1 red, yellow and tluc green lump.
Comb, 1 grip rib trag. Triple edge line. Not
mentioned by Laurin or in the SHM inven-
tory. Secondary addition or found among
bones?
Knife. Cf VZG 1 159, perVlI:2. Point lost.
Tang intact. Extant I 117 mm. Max w 17
mm. Not mentioned by Laurin.
Bronze rod frag. Octagonal cross-section. W
5 mm. Arm ring?
2 bronze sheet frags. Flat. Not from fish-
head pendants.
Bronze lump.
Bhr 1899:14 (SHM 10939 B:I4.
VZG grave 191)
Excavated by Harald Lajrin.
Picdoc: -
Ss; Stone setting with kerb. Diam 2.8 m.
Height 0.08 m,
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Gaming piece- Cf VZG 1 170. per Vl]:2.
Frag. Domed.
Disc-on-bow brooch. KHN type E2a2-small.
Frags. Badly warped. ti\'isted and folded. Orig
1 tot c. 80 mm. Max foot w 31.4 mm. Foot
disc diam 14.5 mm.
2 proto- animal-bead brooches. VZG SOS,
perVII:2. KHN typeG4b. Identical. Crossed
lines on foot. Almond outline on back. Iron
pins. Both bent sin. L 35 & 33 mm. W 24 &
23 mm.
>=23 beads. Petre 19S4 type P3. 10 brl red. 6
amorph red. 2 obi qcon red. 1 amorph green.
1 obi cyl limestone. 1 brl limestone. 1 due green
lump. 1 tluc green &L opaque white lump. 1
red, green & yellow lump fused with bone.
Utensil brooch. KHN type A2d4. Cf VZG
964, per V1I:2. 1 main piece + 1 frag. Un-
adorned. Diam 27 mm. H 8 mm. Protrusion
max w20 mm. Tongue lost.
1 bronze chain frag.
Comb. VZG 1081, per V1I:2. 7 frags. 3 grip
rib. Triple edge hne. Rows of 2-concentric
dot-circles.
2 bronze keys. 3 frags. Flat, orthogonal. 3
prongs each.
Iron key. 2 frags. 2 prongs.
Knife. Folded, Orig lc. 100 mm. Max w 20
mm. Found pointing N.
2 iron rivets. Span 13 mm.
2 bronze slieet frags.
1 bronze lump.
2 iron frags.
Bhr I899:IS (SHM 10939 B:IS>
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 4.1 m.
HeightO.]4m,
Is; No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Seax. W&G type SAX2 or SAX7. 3 small
frags. Bent at >=1 point. Max blade w 39
mm.
Bhr 1899:16 (SHM 10939 B:I6>
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 4.5 m.
Height 0.24 m,
Bhrl899
Tbi?
BD; Cremation.
Arro^vhead. Lancet-shaped. Socketed. Socket
147 mm, max w9 mm. Iron rod frag stuck in
socket.
Knife, Bent. Max w 17 mm.
Bhr 1899:17 (5HM 10939 B:I7)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam c, 4 m.
Height 0.3 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Rivet/ndl.
2 iron sheet frags,
Bhr 1899:18 (SHM 10939 B:I8)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 3.9 m. Height 0.2
m.
Is:?
BD; Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1899:19 (SHM 10939 B:I9)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 4. 1 m. Height 0.2 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Knife, 2 frags. Complete. L tot 102 mm.
Blade 1 55 mm. Max w 12 mm.
Bronze wire frig.
Iron rod frag.
Bhr I 899:20 (SHM I 0939 B:20)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb of fairly large
stones. Diam 4.5 m. Height 0.3 m.
Is: Cremation layer.
BD: Cremation.
Knife, 2 frags. Point & tang-end each miss-
ing c. 10 mm. 3 thin lines along blade back.
4 mm marked level change between blade
back and tang. Extant I tot 1 69 mm. Extant
blade 1 122 mm. Max blade w 23 mm.
Found pointings, edge W
Bhr 1899:21 (SHM 10939 B:2I)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 2 m.
Height 0.1 -0.1 5 m.
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Iron rod. Well preserved^ with end-loop. Key
handle?
Bhr I 899:22 (SHM 10939 B:22.
VZG grave I 92)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam L7m. Height 0.15-
0.18 m.
ls:P
BD: Cremation.
Chain holder. VZG 1024. per VI 1: 2. 1
glued-togelher bronze sheet frag. 3 holes.
Btoiize bracteate- Montelius 1869 type E.
Frags. Not found in stores. See Bhr 1399:04.
Bronze chain frag.
Knife. Widened rib along top of blade. L
tot 99.5 mm. Blade I 45 mm. Max w 18
mm.
Bhr I 899:23 (SHM I 0939 B:23)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 2.5 m. Height 0.2-
0.25 m.
ls:P
BD: Cremation.
Knife. 1 main piece + 1 frag. 4 mm marked
level change between blade back and tang.
Max w 20 mm.
Modern bronze button. Not found in stores.
Bhr 1899:24 (SHM 10939 B:24)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 1.5 m. Height 0.12 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr I 899:25 (SHM I 0939 B:25)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 2.3 m.
Height 0.1-0.12 m.
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Comb, 6 frags. 1 grip rib. Groups of >=4
transversal lines.
Knife point.
Iron rivet. Span 7 mm.
Iron fcag.
Bhr I 899:26 (SHM 10939 B:26.
VZG grave 73)
Located in burnt layer c. 2 m W of Bhr
1899:27. Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam L75 m. Height
O.l4-0.2m.
Is: Cremation layer
BD: Cremation.
Proto -animal -bead brooch, KHN type G4b.
Cf VZG 23, per VII; L Horizontal lines on
foot. Cast fake fibula spiral. Iron pin. Bent
sin. L 30 mm. W 23 mm.
2 disc brooches. VZG 92 & 95, per VII:1.
Both KHN type lib. Vestiges of inlaid clay
covered with embossed bronze sheet. Bronze
pin on the smaller. Diam 27 & 35 mm, thick-
ness 3 & 5 mm.
2 dress pins. VZG l42, per Vll:l. 3 frags. 1
headless. Mushroom head.
>=17 beads. Petre 1984 type P3. lOamorph
red. 3 brl red. 1 amorph orange. 3 red lumps
fused with bone.
Comb. 8 frags. 5 grip rib + 3 tooth plate.
Double edge line. Not mentioned by Laurin
or the SHM inventory.
Iron key. Bit frag.
Knife. 3 frags.
Pot, VZG 777, per VILL Broken but fairly
complete. Turned-out rim, neck, barrel-
shaped body^ flat bottom. Stamp orna-
mented with 1 stamp: skewed 2x2 grid
squares in 3 irregular belts on shoulder and
slightly below it. Found with bone concen-
tration.
Bronze sheet frag.
Bhr 1899:27 (SHM 10939 B:27)
Located in burnt layer c. 2 m E of Bhr
1899:26. Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss:-
Is: Horizontal slabs covering bones in 27 cm
thick burnt soil layer.
BD: Cremation.
2 bronze sheet ftags.
Unhurnt sheep bones.
Bhr 1899:28 (SHM 10939 B:28>
Located in burnt layer c. 0.75 m from Bhr
1899:27. Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss:-
Is: Horizontal slabs covering 22 cm thick
burnt soil layer.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1899:29 (SHM 10939 B:29)
Located in burnt layer. Excavated by Harald
Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss:-
Bhrl899
Ts; Horizontal slabs covering 25 cm thick
burnt soil layer.
BD; Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr I 899:30 (SHM I 0939 B:30 &
32260B.VZG grave 100.
W&G grave 229)
Located in burnt iayer c. 0.75 m from Bhr
1899:29, 5ide by side with Bhr 1899:31.
Escavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Is partly covered by damaged mound.
Is: Slab cist 1 10 x 75 cm [probably ext di-
mensions), oneside shared with Bhr 1899:31.
Cist set in 35 cm thick burnt soil layer. All
objects were found twisted into a ball in the
SE end of the cist. VZG erroneously states
that a strap end mount was found in the grave.
BD: Cremation. 1 cm thick bone layer.
Sword. Frags. Folded. Mas w50 mm.
Lance head, VZG 554, per VIM. W&G
type Ll. Folded at 1 point. Ridged cross-
section, L tot 402 mm. Blade 1 337 mm.
Max blade w47 mm.
Umbo. W&G type SBAl. Flattened. Brim
and dome base missing. Central rivet on in-
side, head diam 19 mm.
Iron umbo top disc. VZG 725, per VII; 1.
W&G type SBAl. Fits on top of umbo.
Domed head. Central bronze rivet stem ac-
cording to Nerman^ not found in stores.
Diam 17 mm.
6 shield rivets, Orig head diam c. 32 mm.
Span c. 10 mm.
2 iron discs. Pierced by central rivets. Orig
diam c. 55 mm.
Shield handle, Cf \'ZG 641, per VII:1.
Folded.
Iron strap buckle. W&G type GU3. Cf
VZG 271, perVlM. Kidney-shaped double
bronze mounting plate with 3 iron rivets.
Bent-up edges on bottom half of plate. Iron
buckle frame. Tongue missing. Plate w c. 74
mm. Strap w c. 37 mm.
Iron strap buckle. W&G type GUI. Cf
VZG 309, per VII; 1 . Strap width c. 40 mm.
3 iron sheet mounts. VZG 366, per VIM.
Rectangular with rectangular counterwashers
and single rivets at ends. Only 1 found in
stores.
Iron sheet mount. Orig rectangular. Holes
in both preserved corners. 33 x 15 mm.
Comb. 3 frags. 2 grip rib + 1 tooth plate.
Triple edge line. 2-concentric dot-circles.
Knife, 4 frags. Max blade w 22 mm.
Iron rivet. Much thicker stem than shield
rivets. Head radius c. 17 mm.
Bronze slieet spangle. Horizontally pierced
bronze sheet dome. Diam c. 2.5 mm.
Bronze knob frag. Mush room -shaped. Cen-
tral hole. Orig diam c. 22 mm.
Bronze sheet frags. Minuscule amounts.
Iron frags, SHM 32260 B. Numerous and
minuscule. Found during re-packaging of
bones.
Bhr 1899:31 (SHM 10939 B:3I.
VZG grave 101)
Located in burnt layer side by side with Bhr
1S99;30. Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Is partly covered by damaged mound.
Is: Slab cist 1 10 x 60 cm (probably ext di-
mensionsX one sideshared with Bhr 1399:30.
set in l6cm thick burnt soil layer.
BD: Cremation.
Comb, Cf VZG 408, per VII: 1 . 4 frags. 2
tooth plate + 1 end-plate + 1 grip rib. Bronze
rivets. Double edge line. 2-concentric dot-
circles.
Bronze sbeet vessel. Frags. Thickened &
turned-out rim.
Pot. \'ZG 767. per VII;1. Broken but fairly
complete. Turned-out rim, neck, rounded
shoulder, inward-sloping sides, flat bottom,
squat proportions. Stamp ornamented with 2
stamps, each in an irregular belt on shoulder:
sunkencirclewith raised cross. 2x2 grid square.
Iron frag, With wood remains.
8 bear pbalanges. Found in pot.
Bhr I 899:32 (SHM 10939 B:32.
VZG grave 74.W&G grave 227)
Located in burnt layer 1 m From Bhr 1399:30
opposite from Bhr 1899:31. Excavated by
Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb.
Is: Bone layer, set in 42 cm thick burnt soil
layer. All the metal objects except the umbo
were found twisted into a ball in the SE end
of the bone layer.
BD: Cremation.
>12gamingpieces,Cf.VZG501,perVlI;l.
12 reasonably intact +10 frags.
2 swords. Frags. Bent. Wide centre -grooves
on blades. Max w 52 mm.
Bronze swotd pommel, W&G type SP2. Cf
V'ZG 513. 515. per VlLl. Frag.
Lance head. VZG 566, per VII: 1. W&G
type Ll. Folded at 2 points. L tot 526 mm.
Blade I 436 mm. Mas blade w42 mm.
Umbo. W&G type SBA(2). Cf VZG 635.
per VII: 1 . Frags. Flattened. Narrowed base.
Found in the middle of the grave.
5 shield rivets. Diam 24 mm. Span c. l4 mm.
Shield handle. Cf VZG 64l, per VII:1.
Folded.
1 bead, 1 red bead-sized lump.
Bridle bit. Cf VZG 679. per VII; 1 . Feaure-
less bit links. Ring diam 67. 5 mm.
fronstrapbiickle. Cf. VZG 309, per VII: 1.
1 frag.
Comb. 2 frags. 1 grip rib + 1 tooth plate.
Edge line, unknown njmber. Single large
dot-circle.
Knife. Cf VZG 474, per VII:1. 3 parallel
lines along blade back. L tot ISO mm. Blade
1 1 33 mm. Max w 26 mm.
Bronze sheet vessel. Frags. Thickened &
turned -out rim.
Iron vessel bandle. Cf. VZG 747. per VII: 1 .
Bent.
2 iron rivets. Rhomboid counterwashers.
Span 9 mm.
Nail. VZG 736,perVlI:l.
Iron "wire frag. Curved. Diam 3 mm.
Fossil, Worked into dome with flat base.
Gaming piece?
1 1 bear phalanges.
Unburnt sheep hones.
Bhr 1899:33 (SHM 10939 B:33)
Located in burnt layer elm from Bhr
1 899:32. Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss:-
Is: Horizontal slabs covering 22 cm thick
burnt soil layer.
BD: Cremation.
Seax. W&G type SAXl . Folded once and the
bundle then folded again. Rolled -up tang end.
L tot 420 mm. Blade I 305 mm. Max blade
w 29 mm.
Comb. 2 grip rib frags. Triple edge line.
Iron strip frag. Not fojnd in stores.
Unburnt bones,
Bhr 1899:34 (SHM 10939 B:34>
Excavated by Harald Lajrin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 1.3 m. Height 0.12
m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Comb. 1 tooth plate frag.
Knife tang (?). 1 frag.
Wbetstone. 4 frags. Sandstone.
Pottery. 1 frag. Terracotta^olourcd, coarsely
tempered, 6 mm thick.
Bronze slieei frag. With bronze rivet.
fron ring, 1 frag. Diam c. 40 mm.
Bhrl899
Bhr 1899:35 (SHM I0939B:35.
VZG grave 193)
Escavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 1.5 ni. Height 0.14 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Disc-on-bow brooch- B:HN typeE2b. VZG
843, perVri:2. Punch ornamented. Vestiges
ofiron pin. Discbroken ofFbut extant. Bow
rivet and sin head rivet still in place.
>=2 bmnze bracteates. Nernian 1963:59 &
fig. 10.VZG991,perVlI:2. Montelius 1869
type E. Frags of at least 2.
>=2 fish-head peiidaiits. KHN type S2gl.
Cf. VZG 1012, per Vll:2. Frags of at least 2.
1 head. Not sjbniitted to museum.
Knife. Well-preserved. 1 .5 mm marked level
change between blade back and tang. L tot
233 mm. Blade 1 136 mm. Mas w 22 mm.
Spindlewhorl. VZG 1 1 15> perVII:2. Bone.
Bronze sheet frag.
Unbutnt bones.
Bhr I 899:36 (SHM I 0939 B:36)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 2.2 m.
Height 0.07 m.
Is: Bone layer.
BD: Cremation.
Seax. Indeterminable type. 3 frags, badly
incomplete. Folded at >=2 points. Max w
29 mm.
Unburnt hotse hones.
Bhr I 899:37 (SHM I 0939 B:37)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 2.3 m.
Height 0.07 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
5 heads- 3 brl red. 1 brl orange. 1 bicon red.
2 bronze sheet frags. 1 with a hole.
Iron rod frag. Rivet stem?
Fossil. Globular. Furrowed.
Unburnt bones.
Bhr I 899:38 (SHM I 0939 B:38)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 1.6 m.
Height 0.08 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Seax, W&G typeSAX3. Marked level change
between blade back and tang. Folded at 2
points with hilt already removed — tang in
direct contact with blade. L tot 6S5 mm.
Blade I 579 mm. Max blade w 44 mm.
Knife. L according to SHM inventory 167
mm. Found pointing E. Not found in stores.
Bhr I 899:39 (SHM I 0939 B:39)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 3 m.
Height 0.1 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Knife. 2 frags, complete. Straight edge^
angled back. L tot l67mm. Blade 1 1 10 mm.
Max blade w 27 mm. Found pointing E.
Bhr 1899:40 (SHM 10939 B:40)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone netting with kerb. Diam 1.7 m.
Height 0.08 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Iron strap buckle. No strap-fastener. Strap
w c. 15 mm.
Iron mount. Double iron sheet frag with
rivet.
Iron rod frag. Rivet stem?
Bhr 1899:41 (SHM 10939 B:4I)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 1.6 m.
Height 0.15 m.
Is: Bone layer. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Iron fragSr Knife?
Bhr I 899:42a (SHM IC939B:42a)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 1.6 m. Height 0.16
m.
Is: Bone compartment consisting of four
igneous stones with a hd slab. Located on
top of Bhr 1899:42b.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr I 899:42b (SHM I 0939 B:42b.
VZG grave 75.W&G grave 228)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Overlain by Bhr 1399:42a.
Is: Stone cluster 1 x 0.55 m, SW-NE.
BD: Cremation.
Seax. W&G type SAX2. Folded at 2 points
with hilt removed. 4 mm marked level
change between blade back and tang. L tot
564 mm. Blade 141 3 mm. Max blade w 39
mm.
Scabbard loop mount. VZG 552, per VILl.
Iron strap huckle. VZG 304, per VILl.
Strap w c. 20 mm.
3 iron mounts, 2 iron strip frags with 1 rivet
each, w^S mm. 1 rectangular iron strip frag
with 3 rivet holes, w 1 6 mm.
Iron hook. VZG 708, perVILl.
Comb. 2 grip rib frags. Double edge line
with parallel double hne inside. Dot-circle.
Knife. VZG 476, per VII: 1. Bent with handle
removed. L tot >183 mm. Blade I 120 mm.
Max w 22 mm. 3 mm marked level change
between blade back and tang.
Knife. Point frag.
7 iron carpentry rivets. Round heads. 4 with
large rhomboid counter was hers, max diago-
nal w 37 mm^ head diam 19 mm^ spanc. 10
mm. 1 with head diam 26 mm^ span 10 mm.
1 with head diam l6 mm, span 6 mm. 1
with head diam 13 mm^ span 6 mm.
Bhr 1899:43 (SHM 10939 B:43>
Excavated by Harald Lajrin.
Picdoc: -
Ss; Stone setting with kerb. Diam 2.3 m.
Height 0.07 m.
Is; No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1899:44 (SHM 10939 B:44>
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 1.3 m. Height 0.13
m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr I899:4S(SHM 10939 B:45>
Excavated by Harald Lajrin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 1.3 m. Height 0.08
m.
Is; No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
3 heads, 1 cyl Lmestone. 1 amorph pale tur-
quoise with red wavy equator and blue wavy
tropics. 1 red frag not found in stores.
Iron key (?), Profiled rod frag.
Bhr 1899:46 (SHM 10939 B:46>
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Bhrl899
Ss: Scone setting. Diam 1.7 ni. Height 0.1
m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
No artef:ict finds.
Bhr I 899:47 (5HM I 0939 BM7)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 3.1 m.
Height 0.05 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Arrowhead, Point missing. Lancet-shaped.
Socketed. Orig 1 >S5 mm.
Bhr 1899:48 (SHM I0939Bl48.
VZG grave 194)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss; Stone setting with kerb. Diam L6 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Glass vessel. 62 g. Melted lumps. Pale green.
Indeterminable vessel type.
Duckbill broock KHN type G3. Cf VZG
833, per Vl]:2. Foot broken off. Iron pin.
Dress pin. VZG 923> perVlI;2. Mushroom
head.
Sieve pendant. VZG 1002, per VII:2.
Capsule pendant. VZG 1006. perVlI;2.
>=55 beads. Petre 1984 type P4. 12 amorph
green. 7 brl red. 7 amorph red. 4 amorph yel-
low. 3 amorph yellow with equator white
bordered with black. 2 fglob red. 2 brl green.
2 amorph tluc turquoise with 2 intersecting
belts black bordered with white. 1 brl orange.
] fglob orange. 1 (jcon obi red. 1 amorph tluc
green. 1 amorph white with equator red bor-
dered with tluc blue. ] amorph pale turquoise
with red equator and blue vjsvy tropics. 1
amorph white with equator black with red
dot?. 1 amorph tluc yellow with red and yel-
low streak?. 5 red & tluc blue Ijmps. 3 red &.
tluc turquoise lumps. 1 green & red lump. 1
blue, green, red & yellow lump. 1 red & tluc
turquoise lump. 3 red lumps. 1 green lump.
] burnt umber lump.
Comb. Frag?. 3 tooth plate + 2 grip rib.
Triple edge line with parallel double line in-
side.
Iron key. 3 frags. Orthogonal bend.
Pottery, 1 frag. Reddish surface, grey inte-
rior. Medium-coarsely tempered. 6 mm
thick.
2iron carpentry rivets. 1 complete+ 1 frag.
Rhomboid counter washer. Span 7 mm.
Bronze wire frag. Spiral- twisted. Curved.
Diam 1 mm.
2 bronze sheet frags,
5 bear phalanges.
Bhr I 899:49 (SHM 10939 B:49.
VZG grave I 95)
Excavated by Harald Laurin.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 1.4 m.
Is: Bone layer. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Bone sword hilt frag. VZG 1 1S3, perVII:2.
W&G typeSP4. Frags.
6 shield rivets. Domed. Diam 37 mm.
Bead. 1 amorph tluc green.
Iron strap buckle (?). 1 bent iron rod frag^
prob from buckle frame.
Iron strip mounts. 4 frags, 2 with rivets. W
IS mm.
Iron strip mount. 5 holes. W 1 5 mm.
Comb, 2 frags. 1 tooth plate + 1 grip rib.
Triple edge line.
Pot, VZG 1291, per V1I;2. Broken but fairly
complete. Turned-out rim, long neck, bar-
rel-shaped body, flat bottom, slender pro-
portions. Neck and shoulder covered with
horizontal lines and 2 belts of diagonal den-
ticulate stamp. Reddish, finely tempered, 5
mm thick.
4 iron rivets, 1 with disc-shaped head diam
24 mm^ span 13 mm. 1 with square counter-
washer^ span 9 mm. 1 span 9 mm.
Bronze sheet frag.
Iron strip. Widened at end.
Bhr 1904:01-02 (SHM 121 H.VZG
grave I 3S. Rundkvist 1996b)
"Gbo, Barshaldersbacke. All found during
gravel extraction along w^th human bones
in a grave covered with a sandstone slab and
with the sides lined with igneous rock.
Bought in 1904 from O. Olol^son for 6 kro-
ner."
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is: Igneous stone cist with sandstone lid slab.
BD: Cremation.
Glass vessel. 2 frags. 1 shard and 1 loose
application thread. Pale turquoise.
Helmet mount. VZG 602, per VIM.
Disc- on-bo^v brooch. KHN type E2a2-la^e.
Cf \'ZG 862, per VII:2. 2 burnt frags from
footplate & bowbase. Cast parallel line orna-
ment on edges. W across birds' eyes 433 mm.
6 beads. 4 amorph red. 1 amorph tluc pale
green. 1 amorph red -white -ye How.
2 bridle bits, W&G type Rr2 & RTl . Burnt
frags. The smaller bit fused with 1 of the
punch ornamented bronze sheet strap mounts
from set A, see below. Ext ring diam c. SO &
c. 65 mm.
2 bridle strap crossing mounts. W&G type
RVla. VZG 6S8.perVII:l.
Domedbridlemount,VZG703>perVl]:I.
W&G type BN. Remnants of iron rivet
stem.
16 ornamental strap mounts. VZG 36 1, per
V1I:1. W&G typeRRla. Rjndkvist 1996b.
Burnt frags. The mounts can be separated into
two sets. A: 7 mounts, 3 of which retain riv-
ets, all with flat heads, one fused with the
smaller bridle bit, all ornamented with the
same hollow rectangular punch plus one of
two other punches and in 5 cases lines. B: 9
mounts, all with domed rivet heads, all orna-
mented with one or both of a quadruple tri-
angle and a raised -x-in-oval punch. The two
punch sets are mutually exclusive. The A-set
probably adorned the harness of the smaller
bit, the B-set that of the larger. A: 70.5 x 14.2,
70 X 14.1, 60 X 13.7, 57x 13.9, >72.5x 13,6
mm, >56x 13.8, >30 x 13.8. B: 69-5 x 15,
48x I5.7,47.5x 14.9, 47x l4.9,46x 14.8,
36.5x15.2, >48,5x 14.9,>37.5x 15.3, >24
X 15.2 mm. Rivet span A & B c. 6 mm.
Ornamental strap moiint. Frag. Iron strip
covered with embossed bronze sheet, animal
ornament prob in Style II. Pierced with
bronze rivet. W 1 6 mm. Rivet I 1 2.6 mm.
Strap buckle, VZG 292. per Vll:l. Fused
with iron fastening plate fitting onto the
large bit. Strap w 1 2.5 mm.
Iron strap buckle- Frag. Folded fastening
plate with hole for tongue.
Bronze implement. VZG 432, per Vll:l.
Handle frag orig joined with key by 3 wire
links, 1 of which is incomplete.
Bronze key. VZG 447, perVlI: 1. Frags. Orig
joined with implement by 3 wire links, 1 of
which is incomplete.
Knife handle mount. Cf VZG 480, per
VII:]. Line ornamented bronze sheet cuff
for knife-handle. Fused with rust and con-
taining remnants of handle.
6 bronze sheet frags. Burnt. Traces of em-
bossed ribs.
4 bronze lumps,
Bhr 1904:03 (SHM I215S)
'Tound during tillage in the garden of the
midwife's house [Gbo, Suderkvie 5:U Raa
213] between two subterranean standing
sandstone slabs. Bought [in 1904] through
O.W. Wennersten from A. Westerberg."
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
16
Bhrl909
Is: Sandstone slab cist.
BD: Inhumation. Comb kepcwich 5 unburnt
bone fmgs.
Handle comb. VWG per VI:1. Unburnt
frag^ one side well-preserved, reconstruct! ble.
Semi -circular handle. Double edge line.
Single 2-concentric doc-circle on handle.
Paired bronze rivets. Orig c. 75 x 45 mm.
Bhr 1909:01 (Lunds Universitets
Historiska Museum 30395:19232.
Formerly Kulturhistoriska Museet i
Lund 19232)
"Grave find from the cemetery of Bars h aid ar,
Grotlingbo." Bojght in 1909 from Frans
Lysholm ofHem^e.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is:?
BD; Cremation.
Bronze bracteate. Montelius 1869 type E.
Edge frag from under the loop with T-^h aped
filigree ornament. Gilded. Loop missing.
2 fish-bead pendants. KHN type S2g3.
Slightly flattened^ walls cjrved into them-
selves, base dimensions from extant base
plate. 31.5 X 12.5 X 9 mm.
14 beads. Type Petre 1984 P4. 2 bri blue with
3 indet colour equatorial eyes & 1 indet colour
polar cap. 1 brI orange. 1 brI red. 1 amorph
red. 1 brl yellow. 1 amorph green. 1 ccb white.
1 obi cyl green, 3.5 x 4.5 mm. 1 bicon amber,
14.5 X 6 mm. Only 10 found in stores in Au-
gust 2001.
Utensil broocb. KHN type A2d4. Cf VZG
1874, perVlI:4. Beaded upper and lower edges
on frame. Middle of V on openwork protru-
sion missing. Vertical pin, missing. Slightly
worn contact surfaces. Joined by bronze rings
to two bronze chain frags. Max 142 mm. Frame
diam 24 mm. Frame height 3.5 mm.
2 bronze cbain frags. Double wire links.
Joined with utensil brooch-
Bronze sheet disc. Silver sheen. Edges fragmen-
tary. Covered with grid -embossed bronze sheet
secured by orig 5 rivets placed in a cross, 4
extant. Diam 30 mm.
Bhr 1909:02 (Lunds Universitets
Historiska Museum 30395:19233.
Formerly Kulturhistoriska Museet i
Lund 19233)
"Grave find from the cemetery of Bars haldar,
Grotlingbo." Bought in 1909 from Frans
Lysholm ofHemse.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Disc-on-bow broocb. Only disc extant.
Burnt. Garnet & ivory inlay, some of it miss-
ing. Central stud i\'ith garnet. Silvered beaded
bronze wire along edge. 4 horizontal ridges
on edge. Diam 24 mm. Height 7 mm.
Proto- animal -head brooch. KHN type G4b,
Slightly burnt. Line ornamented. Sin knob
much larger than dx. Irregular holes. Bronze
pin. Bent dx. 31 x 24 mm.
Proto-aniniaJ-head brooch. KHN type G4b.
Line ornamented. Round holes. Iron pin^
missing. 31.5 x 24.5 mm.
Cbain bolder.Trapezoid. Castbronze. 1 hole
at top. 4 lines of single punched dots on one
side from the top to each of 4 holes along
the base. Bronze chain frags joined to each
base hole with bronze wire rings. Key joined
to top hole (!) with a bronze wire ring. 23.5
X 21.5 mm X >2 mm.
70 beads. Petre 1984 type P3. 25 brl red.
22 l^lob red. 5 amorph red. 5 obi cyl lime-
stone. 3 fglob limestone. 2 brl limestone. 1
obi qcon red. 1 brl green. I fglob green. 1
fglob red with 3 diagonal white -black-white
stripes. Only 66 Found in stores in August
2001.
Utensil broocb. KHN type A2d 1 . Cf VZG
165-178, per ML 1. Cast & punched deco-
ration on frame. Trapezoid strap fastener
protrusion with a bearded, hat-clad face at
its base and rivets at its corners. Strap slit.
Vertical brofize pin. L43.5 mm. Frame diam
30 mm. Height 6 mm.
4 bronze cliain frags. Single ridged cross-
section hnks. Joined to chain holder. Slight
use-wear Max extant I 100 mm.
Bronze key. 2 frags, complete. Orthogonal
S-shape. 3 prongs. Spool-shaped handle with
ccb and cone cuffs at handle ends. Punch or-
namented; hnes of single dots along edges of
bit and dot-circles on ccbs. Fine line orna-
ment on handle; 2 triple transversals; between
them double obliqjes forming a sparse grid.
Fastened with a brotize wire ring to the top
end (!) of the chain holder. Origl tot 98 mm.
Bronze sheet vessel. 2 burnt frags. Max 1 36
mm.
Bronze lump. L 29 mm.
Bhr 1918:01 (SHM 16124)
Gbo, Roes, parish commons^ cem-sect 1.
"Found during gravel extraction. Lay beside
parts of a human skeleton at a depth of 80
cm. The site is a parish common appointed
for gravel extraction. Should be excavated."
ATA 1228/1918. Finds collected in 19 18 by
Fredrik Nordin from O.V. Ohisson and
bought from the former by the SHM.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is:?
BD: Inhumation.
Tongue pendant. WKG II:l6S:9. Silver-
plated with gold fihgree plates.
6 beads. 1 brl red. 1 brl orange. 1 brl yellow.
1 brl green. 1 brl orange amber diam 27 mm.
1 tluc blue with 3 equatorial yellow eyes.
2 amber frags.
Bronze sbeet frag.
Bhr 1918:02 (SHM 16124)
Gbo^ Rorhagen, closely N of Gullhaug, cem-
sect 3. "Found c. 1912 by C. Johansson in
the Rorhagen pastjre^ closely N of Gull-
backen or Gullhaug. Found by [Birger] Ner-
man in 1915 at Johansson's home. Burnt
hjman bones had been found by the stone.
The stone was now broken into several pie-
ces". ATA 1228/1918. Collected by Fredrik
Nordin in 1918.
Picdoc: -
Sst?
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Picture stone. Lindqvist 1941 -1942 Roes II,
Migration Period. Nylen & Lamm 1987
#85. Frags wdth edge trimming & central
circle motif.
Bhr 1920:01 (SHM 16598 Uddvide
1 .Artie's report Uddvide #1 )
Excavated byTure Arne.
Picdoc: Plan and photograph.
Ss: Stone-mixed gravel mound with larger
stones in the middle. Diam 6.3 m. Height
0.25 m.
Is: No documentation. Apparently disturbed
judging from the find combination.
BD: Cremation.
Ornamental mount from disc-on-bow
brooch. Cf \'ZG 2148; WKG ll:40a, 4l,
44, 48: Csn A. 4 arches supporting central
stud. Iron central rivet. H 14 mm. W l6
mm.
Dress pin. Flattened head-end. L 50 mm.
Not mentioned by Arne.
Strapbuckle.Cf AEG 401, per V: 1.2 frags.
Composite. Separate axes for fastening plate
hinge and cross-rod for tongue. L 23 mm.
W30 mm. Strap w 26 mm.
Pottery 1 1 frags, 8 according to Arne. 6 frags
line and stamp ornamented: oblique double-
hne gridj oblique hatched belt delimited with
single lines above shoulder, double-line zigzag
with small stamped circles at nodes. Grey, finely
17
Bhrl920
tempered, 5 mm chick. Rounded shoulder,
handle. Not cleaned since their excavation.
Bronze wire frag, 3 part spiral-twisted. Cji^'ed.
Diam 1.5 mm.
Bhr I 920:02 (Ame^s report
Uddvide#2)
Excavated byTure Arne.
Picdoc: Plan.
Ss: "Barely visible above ground ... Made up of
hmestone flakes and a little soil." Diam 4 m.
Is:?
BD:?
No finds.
Bhr 1920:03 (A rne's report
Uddvide#3)
Arne says nothing at all about this grave in
his report.
Bhr I 920:04 (5HM I 6598 Uddvide
04. Artie's report Uddvide #4)
Excavated byTure Arne.
Picdoc: Plan and photograph.
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 6.3 m. Height 0.25
m. W edge cut away by quarry.
Is:?
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1920:05 (A rne's report
Uddvide #5)
Excavated byTure Arne.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Diam c. 3 m. E edge cut away by quarry.
Is:?
BD:?
No fmds.
Bhr 1920:06 (5HM 32259.Arne's
report Uddvide #6)
Excavated by Ture Arne. No finds made
during fieldwork, hsted objects found dur-
ing re-packaging of bones at the SHM and
uncertainly attributed to Bhr 1920:06.
Picdoc: Plan and 2 photographs.
Ss: Igneous stone setting. Diam 6.75 m.
Height 0.3 m.
Is: Slightly off-centre (W) limestone slab cist
85 X 70 X c- 60 cm, 4, with removed prob
lid slabs. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Fibula pin. Broken off at spiral base. L 32.5
mm.
Pottery. 1 frag. Brown-grey surface, grey
core^ finely tempered, 4.5 mm thick.
Bronze scrip frag^ Welted and warped. W
H.5 mm.
2 bronze sheet frags. Both <10 mm.
Bronze lump. <10 mm.
Bhr 1920:07 (SHM I 6598 Uddvide
07.Arne's report Uddvide #7)
Excavated by Ture Arne.
Picdoc: Plan, section and photograph.
Ss: Gravel and limestone mound with cube-like
centre^tone. Diam 6.85 m. Height 0.39 m.
Is: Off-centre (S) slab cist c. 75 x c. 25 x c.
30 cm, 349''> with in situ lid slab.
BD: Cremation.
Glass vessel. 6 lumps according to Arne^ 1
found in stores. Tluc pale green.
Strap buckle, Cf AEG 396, per V; I.Tongue
held by axis through ends of frame. No
mounting plate. L 34 mm. Max w 51 mm.
Strap w35 mm.
Comb. 2 tooth plate frags. Bronze rivets.
Bronze sheet vessel. C. 20 frags. Biconical
with tu^ned^^ut rim. 1,3 mm thick.
Frags, only four found in stores, that do not
match the vessel's description in the inventory
notes: "The \'essel has a \'ertical bow-shaped
handle , . . decoration is applied in five belts de-
limited by six incised parallel lines. The lowest
belt features stamped ring-crosses. The second-
lowest belt features oblique stripes, each made
up ofsmall rectangular stamps edged with single
lines, andstamped wheel-crosses. The third belt
has a horizontal line of similar rectangular
stamps. The second-topmost zone has 3-or 4-
line zigzag. The topmost zone has yet another
line of rectangular stamps. Base diam 87 mm."
Bhr I 920:08 (SHM 16598 Roes 01.
Arne's report Roes #1 .
VZG grave 430)
Excavated byTure Arne.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 3.5 m. Height 0.1
m.
Is: Cremation layer, diam <1 m, placed on a
layer ofsmall stone flakes. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Chape. VZG 2350, per Vll:5. Paulsen
1953:l4. 5 glued -together frags. Gripping
beast ornament. L 83 mm. W39 mm. Scab-
bard thicknessasindicatedby int span 8 mm.
Dress pin, WKG 11:117:9, Rundqvist
Nilsson 1990 type A5a, Early Viking Period.
Droplet-shaped openwork bronze head with
iron body.
Dress pin. WKG 11:117:15. Rundqvist
Nilsson 1990 type A5avar, Early Viking Pe-
riod. Frag. Droplet-shaped drilled openwork
head.
Dresspin,VZG 2133. per Vll:5. Frag Disc-
shaped head with gripping beast ornament.
Dress pin, VZG 2427, per Vll:5. Intact.
Flattened head-end. L 50 mm.
Fish-head pendants, KHN type S2g3. 10
frags according to Arne, 7 found in stores.
Orig I 39 mm.
Keyhole mount (?). 1 1 bronze sheet frags.
Punch ornamented, raised triplet design. 2
rivet holes. Rectangular opening. Folded.
Knife. WKG 11: 1 73: 1 . Marked level change
between blade and tang.
8 blade frags. Knife or shears.
2 fossils. WKG 11:171:13-14. Globular.
Astyiospongia.
Bhr 1920:09 (Arne's report Roes #2)
Escavated by Ture Arne.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss: "Insignificant cairn with stones in the
kerb, in the middle a pit." Diam 2.75 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD:?
No finds.
Bhr 1920:10 (Arne's report Roes #3)
Excavated by Ture Arne.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss: "Low [stone setting] ... with shingle ..."
Diam 2-2.5 m.
Is:?
BD:?
No f nds.
Bhr 1920:1 I (Arne's report Roes #4)
Excavated by Ture Arne.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss: "Insignificant [stone setting] with deep
pit in the middle." Diam 2.5-3 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD:?
No f nds.
Bhr 1920:12 (SHM 16598 Roes 05.
Arne's report Roes #5)
Excavated by Ture Arne.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 3.3 m. Height c.
0.35 m.
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Knife. Point missing. 3 mm marked level
change between blade and tang. Tang I 96
mm. Max w 15 mm.
Unburnt bones.
Bhrl920
Bhr 1920:13 (Arne's report Roes #6)
Excavated byTure Arne.
Picdoc: Photograph-
Ss: '^Low [5Cone netting] ... insignificant de-
pression in middle ..." Diam 3-3.5 ni.
Is: No decails recorded. Robbed.
BD:?
No finds.
Bhr 1920:14 (SHM I 6598 Roes 07.
Arne's report Roes #7)
Excavated byTure Arne.
Picdoc: -
Ss: "Insignificanc [stone setting] . . ." Diam
1.5-2 m.
Is: "... contained black soil down to -40 cm,
where pure gravel started. Here a dog tooth
and 1 rib fragment -30 cm."
BD:?
Animal tooili. Canine. L 39 mm. Max w
13 mm.
Bhr 1920:15 (SHM I6598:A.
Arne's report grave A)
Excavated byTure Arne.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Small [stone setting]. NWedge cutaway
by quarry.
Is: Slab cist, side 1 90 cm, c. 0°.
BD: Cremation.
DteBspin. Frag. Not submitted to the SHM.
Bhr I920:I6(SHM I 6598:X.
Hansson's plan grave X)
Excavated byTure Arne.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Low [stone setting].
Is: Possible remnants of slab cist. Robbed.
BD: Inhumation, disturbed^ c. 0°.
Knife, Point frag encased in preserved wood
from sheath. L 42 mm.
Potcery, 1 frag. Not found in stores.
Bhr 1921:01 (SHM [6693:01.
ATA I 138/1921 grave I)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Gravel mound with central stone setting.
Diam 4.9 m. Height 0.25 m.
Is:?
BD; Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1921:02 (SHM 16693:02.
ATA I 138/1921 grave 2)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss:-
Is: Limestone slab cist c. 300 x !00 cm, c.
0°. Robbed.
BD: Inhumation^ destroyed.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1921:03 (SHM 16693:03. ATA
1138/1921 grave 3.VWG grave 9)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss:-
Is: Limestone slab cist c. 220 x 80 cm. c. 0°,
with lid slabs. Robbed.
BD: Inhumation, destroyed.
Dress pin. Type dpflat. Cf VWG 76, per
V1:L Bent. Haifofloop missing. Origl45-
50 mm.
2 heads. 1 bicon tluc blue. 1 brl green.
Strap buckle. Type smbovala. Cf VWG
155-156. per VI: 1. Frame cast in one piece
with mounting plate. Strongly worn bv
strap. Loose, badly corroded tongue. 4 rivet
holes. L 28 mm. Strap w 19 mm. Plate w
19 mm.
Bhr 1921:04 (SHM I 6693:C4.ATA
II38/I92I grave 4.VWG grave 172)
Located at edge of 1.2 m high gravel mound.
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Plan [ATA 1988f:) VWG textfig.
240 and photograph.
Ss:-
Is: Sandstone slab cist 70 x 60 cm, 0, with
limestone lid flakes
BD: Cremation. Gravel-covered 2-4 cm
thick cremation layer.
Button clasp pair \^VG 531, per VI;2. 1
pair with 3 buttons each.
Buttonclasp.VWG528.perVI:2. 1 catch-
piece with 2 buttons.
2 strap buckles. Type smbqjadl. Cf VWG
146, per VI: 1. 1 intact. Strap w 8.5 mm.
Plate w 10 mm. Rivet span 2 mm. 1 with
broken mounting plate. Warped. 1 extant
rivet. Strap w 9.5 mm. Plate w 10 mm. Rivet
span 1 mm.
Strap buckle. VWG 436, per VI:2. Type
smbwide. Warped. Strap w 8.5 mm. Plate w
20 mm.
Sifap buckle. VWG 487, per VI:2. Type
smbwide. Strap w 7.5 mm. Plate w 27.5 mm.
Rivet span 2.5 mm.
Strap end mount, VWG 471. per VI :2. Type
smerect. W 8 mm. Rivet span 2 mm.
Strap end mount. VWG 472, per VI;2.
Unique. Complete, 2 frags. W 7.5 mm.
Rivet span 1.5 mm.
Comb, 1 frag. Tooth plate, 1 bronze rivet.
Bronze counterwasher. 2 frags, fit together.
Rectangular. Prob from strap buckle VWG
486. L 19 mm. W 6 mm.
Bhr 1921:05 (SHM 16693:05.
ATA I 138/1921 grave 5)
Located at edge of 1.2 m high gravel mound.
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss:-
Is: Sandstone slab cist c. 45 x 30 cm, 345.
Wside shared with Bhr 1921:06, order of
construction indeterminable. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1921:06 (SHM 16693:06.
ATA I 138/1921 grave 6)
Located at the edge of a 1.2 m high gravel
mound. Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss:-
Is: Sandstone slab cist c. 100 x c. 35 cm,
345°. Eside shared with Bhr 1921:05, or-
der of construction indeterminable. Robbed.
BD: Cremation layer.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1921:07 (SHM 16693:07.
ATA I 138/1921 grave 7)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with kerb. Diam 3 m.
Height 0.2 m.
Is; No details recorded. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Pottery. 1 frag. Not found in stores.
Bhr 1921:08 (ATA I 138/1921 grave 8)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss; Stone setting with kerb. Diam 2.4 m.
Height0.l5 m.
Is: No details recorded. Robbed.
BD:?
No finds.
Bhr 1926:01 (GFC6I39)
Objects found together at a gravel pit in Gbo
according to antiquities dealer Anton Florin,
from whom the objects were bought in 1 926.
Probably from the parish gravel pit.
Picdoc: -
Ss;?
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
Disc-on-bow brooch. VZG 49, per V1I:1.
KHN type E2a2-small. Garnet inlay on
head, disc and foot. Waffled silver sheet in
19
Bhrl927
garnet cells. Silver filigree trimmings. Rem-
nants of iron pin with fibula spring construc-
tion. L 64 mm.
2 duckbill brooches. VZG 832, per V1I;2.
KHN type G3. 5 melted frags.
Dtesspin.VZG 934. per V1I;2. Mushroom
head. Frag.
Dtess pin. Frag, Mushroom head joined to
stem with 2 ribs.
Dress pin. Stem frag ending in two ribs, head
broken off.
Round bronze slieet pendant. Y^G 995, per
VI[:2. Punch ornamented.
Round bronze slieet pendant. VZG 997, per
V1I:2. Loop broken off but extant. Punch
ornamented.
2 chain holders. \^G 1026, perVII:2.
2 fish-head pendants, KHN type S2g]. 2
frags. 3x3 horizontal ornament lines. Max
base diam 7 mm.
Bronze spiral bead, L 11.5 mm. Diam 5
mm.
50 beads. Petre 1984 type P3. 17 amorph
red. 17 brl red, 7 fglob red. 3 brl orange. 3
brl green. 2 amorph green. 1 amorph red &
white.
Bronze utensil. 2 handle frags, fit together.
Loop shaped like VZG l625.
Bronze utensil. Handle frag. Loop shaped
like VZG 1625.
2 iron keys. 1 almost complete + 1 half
Apparently orig identical. 3 prongs, ques-
tion-mark-shaped. Extant 1 H 2 mm.
Bronze sheet vessel. Burnt frags, highly incom-
plete. Profiled rim with 1 rivet-hole.
Bronze rivet- Cast rivet with domed head.
Iron rivet. Frag.
Iron ^vire chain. 3 fused hnks. Link diam
13 mm.
Iron rod. 2 frags, fit together. Spi^al-t^^'isted.
L tot 32 mm.
5 bronze lumps ,
Bhr 1927:01 (SHM I9055:0I.ATA
3393/1927 & 4043/1 927 grave I)
Prob first excavated by Ture Arne^ who did
not find any artefacts, and then re-excavated
and documented by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pit with possible remnants of
slab cist. Diam c. 1 m. Depth 35-40 cm. N
half cut away by gravel pit.
BD; Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr I 927:02 (SHM I 9055:02.
ATA 4043/1 927 grave 2)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pit with covering stone layer.
Diam c. 1 m. Depth 35^0 cm. N half cut
away by gravel pit.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1927:03 (SHM I90SS:03.ATA
4043/1927 grave 3.VWG grave 10)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2240F).
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Limestone slab cist. Badly damaged.
BD: Inhumation extended on back, only legs
intact, 184°. S half cut away by gravel pit.
Fibula. VWG 44, per Vl:l. Type fibwide2.
Spade-shaped foot. Cast round plate on back.
Lunular head with 3 rivets. Found by A.
Olsson of Kattlunds in the gravel pit directly
below the in situ remains of Bhr 1927:03
(ATA3308/1928).
Strap ring mount. VWG textfig. 31, per
VI: I. Very worn contact surfaces. Found in
dx pelvic region. Ext diam l4 mm. Mount
span 1.5 mm.
Bhr 1927:04 (SHM I90SS:C4.ATA
4043/1927 grave 4.VWG grave 39)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Section (ATA 2240F, VWG textfig.
103).
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pitwith covering stone layer 1 x
0.2 m. Diam 1 m. Depth 20 cm.
BD: Cremation.
Pottery. VWG textfig. SO, perVI:!. 8 frags
glued into 4 units. Stamp ornamented with
3 stamps: denticulate circles connected by 2
different denticulate double lines. Terracotta-
coloured, finely tempered, 3.5 mm thick.
Nail, Bent. Span l6.5 mm. Not mentioned
by Hansson or in VWG .
Bhr I 927:0S (SHM I 9055:05.
ATA 4043/1 927 grave 5)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Section [ATA 2240 F).
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation layer, diam 1 m^ 10 cm thick.
BD: Cremation.
Pottery. 1 frag. Rim. Reddish, coarsely tem-
pered, 8 mm thick. Not mentioned by
Hansson.
Bhr 1927:06 (SHM 19055:06.
ATA 4043/1 927 grave 6)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2240F) and photograph.
Ss; None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Limestone slab cist 65 x 50 x c. 35 cm,
340°, with lid slabs.
BD; Cremation. 15 cm thick cremation
layer.
Dress pin. Warped. Mushroom-shaped
fibula knob head. Orig I c. 65 mm.
Bronze strip fragr Bent. W 10 mm. Not
mentioned by Hansson.
Both objects exjded mouldy, "cocoa pow-
der" corrosion in November 1994.
Bhr 1927:07 (SHM I9055:07.ATA
4043/1 927 grave 7.VWG grave II.
Ilkjaer 1990:343 grave 22)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Plan & section (ATA 2239F) and
photograph.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone and limestone slab cist l65 x
70 X 45 cm, 345°, with disturbed hd slabs.
Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation, proximal half destroyed,
head orig 3t N end.
Lance head. \^WG 275, per \^: 1 . Bemmann
& Hahne 1994 #35:20, type Mollestad, c.
AD 350^00. Badly corroded when found
and unrecognisable in December 1994. The
inventory notes and the reniains of the lance
head indicate that its cross-section "was shaped
as a + rather than square as depicted in VWG.
Extant nail in socket. Extant I c. 210 mm.
Found in NW corner pointing north.
JaWin head. VWG 276, per VI: 1 . Badly cor-
roded when fojnd and unrecognisable in De-
cember 1 994. The inventory notes indicate that
its cross-section was shaped as a + rather than
square as depicted in VWG. Wood remains in
socket. Extant 1 o 210 mm. Found in NW
corner pointing north.
Strap joiner. Type smjhing. Cf. VWG 171,
per VI: 1. Hinged. Cave tto ring orig attached
to corner with riveted bronze strip loop. Riv-
ets in all 8 corners. L tot 72 mm. W 10 mm.
Ring diam 1 I mm. Found at pelvis.
Staple ring, Cf VWG 197> per Vl:l. Ring
ext diam 12 mm. Staple span 9 mm. Found
when sieving soil from footward half of cist.
Bronze joint rivet. Cf. \'\C^G 209, per VI: 1.
2 riveted -together bronze sheet rectangles.
2 rivets. L 13 mm. \C 8 mm. Span 6 mm.
Found when sieving soil from footward half
of cist.
Comb. VWG 225, per VI: 1. Type combpnt.
120
Bhrl927
Intact^ lacking only 1 tooth. 4 tooth plates.
Orig 7+9+8+7=31 teeth. 9 bronze rivets. W
60 mm. H 49.5 mm. Found at E wall in
knee region.
Amber whotL \'WG 217, per VI: 1. Prob-
ably from a sword. Diam 21 mm. H 6 mm.
Found when sieving soil from headward half
of cist.
Nail, Not mentioned hy Hansson.
Dog skeleton. Found partly on top of feet.
Bhr 1927:08 (SHM r9055:08.
ATA 4043/1927 grave 8)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Plan [ATA 224IF) and 3 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 235 x 75 x 60 cm,
350°, with removed lid slabs and remnants
of covering stone layer. Uncommonly thick
slabs, 10-15 cm. Robbed throughout.
BD: 2 destroyed inhumations.
Stone axe head. Late Neolithic or Early
Bronze Age. Frag, edge end. Polished surface.
Conical shaft hole. L from hole to edge 52
mm. Max w55.5 mm. Max height 42.5 mm.
Min shaft hole diam 21.5 mm. Found out-
side cist.
2 bone arrow heads. Blunt heads, flatly ta-
pered tangs like screwdrivers. L98 &48mm.
Found inside cist.
Pottery, 4 frags. I rim, 1 groove. Grey, bur-
nished, medium-finely tempered, 4 mm
thick. Found outside cist.
Bhr I 927:09 (SHM I 9055:09. ATA
4043/1927 grave 9.VWG grave 86)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Plan and section {ATA 2242F) and
2 photographs, VWG textRg. ]]9abc.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 30 x 45 x45 cm, 348°,
with lid slabs.
BD: Cremation. 5 cm thick cremation layer.
Fibula.. Frag. Triangular foot. Foot w 13 mm.
Bronze ring. Frag, half Non-cavetto. Heavily
worn int contact surface. Ext diam 13 mnir
Bhr 1927:10 (SHM 19055:10.
ATA 4043/1927 grave 10)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation layer. Diam 1 m. 10 cm thick.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1927:1 I (SHM 19055:1 LATA
4043/1927 grave I I.WKG l:80a-b)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: 2 plans (ATA 2243F & 2244F) and
4 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Limestone and igneous slab cist c. 1 90 x
75 cm, 170°, with igneous covering stone
layer. Traces of wooden coffin inside. N end
slab missing.
BD: Inhumation adult, extended on back^
hands in lap, head turned sin^ 180°.
Arm ring, WKG ]:80b:12. Closed, twisted
bronze wire, max int diam 74.5 mm. Found
on dx pelvis, in prob orig location of wrists.
Arm ring. WKG l:80b:13. Open, flat with
cast cord ornamentation, max int diam 59
mm. Found on pelvis, in prob orig location
of wrists.
4 animal-head broocbes. Carlsson 19S3
35:4-7; type 6.4.N, 7.9.N, 7.9.N. 8.2.N
(WKG 11:30:7): per D. WKG I:80b;6-9. L
59, 55, 55, 46.5 mm. Found on chest, at
either side of lower end of rib cage, and at
jaw.
2 dress pins. Rundqvist Nilsson 1 990 type
A4b, Late Viking Period. WKG l;30b:10-
1 L L 93 & 91 mm. Found on either side of
upper chest region, sin pointing footwards,
dx pointing dx/headwards.
Tongue pendant, WKG l;80b:l4. Silver
ornaments. Found beneath middle of spine.
Sieve pendant. WKG l:80b;l5. 3 holes.
Found at centre of chest.
29 heads. WKG I:80b:l6-21. 2 fragmented
on excavation and apparently lost. 2 f^lob
amber diam 30 & 26 mm. 2 brl green. 2 cyl
limestone. 1 wedge limestone. 1 brl rock crys-
taldiam22.5 mm. 1 fglob tluc turqjoisediam
23.5 mnir 1 ^lob tluc deep blue diam 20.5
mm, 1 brl red. 1 brl orange. 1 brl tluc blue. 1
brl pale yellow. 1 pumpkingreen with eroded
white meridians. 1 ccb tluc blue with irregu-
lar black-pupil white-red-orange iris eyes. 1
eroded white & yellow mosaic 1 bicon gold
foliate. 1 l^lob tluc turquoise with yellow wavy
equator & red tropics. 1 brl black with white
self-intersecting belt and 3 equatorial green
pupil red & white iris eyes. 1 tluc cobalt with
3 eroded equatorial eyes. 1 pale blue with red
equator & white black-dotted tropics. 1 brl
tluc blue with thin white slanted lines. 1
eroded brl tluc pale blue. 1 brl black covered
with eroded blue pupil white iris eyes. I brl
tluc blue with slanted red -edged black lines.
1 fragmented brl tluc blue with white dots.
Found on sin side of middle and lower chest.
Comb, WKG l:80a:2.Tempel 1969#ll4l.
4 frags. 2 tooth plate + 2 grip rib. Iron riv-
ets. Found beneath middle of spine.
Bronze key. WKG I:80a;l . Loop broken off
L-shaped. 3 prongs. Found dx of pelvis.
Knife. WKG l:80a:3. Fused with remnants
of antler/bone handle and leather sheath
with cover mount. Marked blade back off-
set. Blade I 80-90 mm. Max blade w 1 5 mm.
Max orig sheath thickness 7 mm. Handle
diam indicated by butt mount 25 mm.
Found sin of pelvis pointing dx/headward.
Knife butt ring mount, WKG l:80a:5.
Ribbed ring held by profiled staple stuck
through tapered bronze sheet mount. Found
with knife.
Knife sheath cover moimt. WKG r:80a:3.
Wriggle ornamented bronze sheet. Fused with
knife.
Knife sheath ring mount. WKG l:80a:4.
Found with knife. Palmetto fastening
mount.
Iron nail/rivet. Found at feet. Not submit-
ted to the SHM.
Textile frags. Found at brooches. Only 2
small lumps found in stores.
Bronze sheet frag. Burnt. Not mentioned
by Hansson or in the SHM inventory. Prob
secondary addition.
Wood frag. Found at one of the brooches.
Bhr I927:I2(ATA 4043/1927 gr^e 12)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Small stone setting. S major part cut away
by gravel pit.
Is: -
BD:-
No finds.
Bhr I 927:1 3 (SHM 19055:13.
ATA 4043/ 1 927 grave I 3)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss; Stone setting. Diam c. 3 m. Height 30-
40 cm. S edge cut away by gravel pit.
Is: No recorded details. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Comb, 2 tooth plate frags with dot-circle or-
naments on top. Not mentioned by Hansson.
Iron casket hantUe. L 30 mm.
Knife. WKG 11:178:3.
Knife sheath cover mount. Frag. Point of
punch ornamented bronze sheet mount.
Span 5 mm. Interpreted as rim mounts for
a wooden vessel by Hansson.
Iron rivet. Not submitted to the SHM.
Bhrl927
Bhr 1927:14 (SHM 19055:14.
ATA 4043/ 1 927 grave 14)
Escavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam c. 3 ni. Height 30-
40 cm. SE half cut away by gravel pit.
Is: No recorded detail?. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhrl927:l5(ATA 4043/1 927 grave 15)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Small stone setting. S half cut away by
gravel pit.
Is:?
BD:-
No finds.
Bhrl927:l6(ATA 4043/1 927 grave 16)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Small stone setting. S half cut away by
gravel pit.
Is:?
BD:-
No finds.
Bhr 1927:17 (SHM 19055:17.
ATA 4043/1927 grave 17)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss! Stone setting. Diam c 3 m. Height 30-
40 cm. E edge cut away by gravel pit.
Is:?
BD; Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1927:18 (SHM I9055:A.ATA
3393/I927.VWG grave 158)
Located c. 10 mNofBlir 1927:01. Destroyed
during gravel extraction. Finds collected by
Alfred Edle.
Picdoc: -
Ss; None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: No recorded details.
BD: Inhumation.
Strap end mount. VWG 467> per Vl:2.
Hinged, with animal head ends. 2 rivets,
span 1.5 mm.
Caskethandle. VWG 571, per VI:2. Worn con-
tact surfaces. Staple span c l4mm.
Bronze key, VWG 560, per VI:2. Intact ex-
cept for broken loop. Line ornamented. 2
prongs which fit with holes in lock case.
Keyhole mount. VWG 561, per VI:2. Con-
cavely rhomboidal. 4 rivet holes in corners.
Edge hne ornaments. Key hole 21x6 mm.
Lock case. VWG 567, per VI:2. Open
bronze sheet box. 4 rivet holes + 1 broken. 2
key prong holes. 50 x 40 s 30 mm. Sheet
thickness 0.9 mm.
Lock spring. VWG 562, per VI: 2. Bronze strip
with 4 holes and 1 extant rivet. W 9 mm.
Bhr I927:I9(SHM 19055:1.
ATA 4043/1 927 grave Uddvide I)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 8 m. Height c. 0.5
m.
Is: Cremation layer. Robbed,
BD: Cremation.
Bronze sheet vessel frag, 1 frag. Thickened
edge with flat top surface. 1 mm thick.
Burnt.
Pottery. 1 glued -together frag. Neck and
sharp 110° shoulder. Reddish, finely tem-
pered, 4 mm thick. Decorated above shoul-
der with a 3 X 3 vertical line grid framing
paired tiny dots, an large incised X with a
vertical hne through the middle and a line
of tiny dots along the shoulder. Shoulder
diam 140 mm.
Bhr 1928:01 (SHM 19055:0.
ATA 3308/1928)
Documented by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist. Collapsed into gravel
pit.
BD: Cremation.
Disc-on-bow brooch. Late Vendel period?
Frag from highly characteristic pin base with
hinge remains.
Dresspin. Bent. Mushroom head with cross
on top. L 57 mm.
Conibr Rivet fused with bronze lump.
Spin die whorl. 2 frags. Bone. Not found in
stores.
Bronze lump. Includes a comb rivet.
Bronze sheet ffag,
5 bear phalanges.
Bhr I 928:02 (SHM 19055:1 U.
ATA 3308/1928)
Located 1 m NNW of Bhr 1 927: 1 1 . Exca-
vated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Stonecist "apparently of the same original
construction" as Bhr 1 927: 1 1 . Destroyed.
BD: Inhumation^ destroyed.
Knife. Frags.
Pot. Frags. Dark core, reddish surface,
coarsely tempered, 7 mm thick.
Bhr 1928:03 (SHM I 9055:a. ATA
5299/1928 grave a.WVG grave 87)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Plan & section (ATA 2246F) and 2
photographs.
Ss; Possible remnants of stone superstruc-
ture.
Is; Sandstone and limestone slab cist 90 x
40 X 45 cm, 329°, with lid slabs.
BD; Cremation. 10 cm thick cremation
layer.
Dress pin. Type dpmush. Cf VWG 83, per
VI: 1 . Frag. Bent. Mushroom head with cross
on top.
Bronze mount frag. Rectangular. Hole in 1
corner.
Comb. Type combpnt, C£ VWG textfig. 42,
perVI:l. 3 frags. 2 grip rib + 1 tooth plate.
2 loose bronze rivets.
Bronze sheet frag. VWG 240, per VI: 1. 1
rivet hole. Kevhole mount?
Bhr 1928:04 (SHM l9055:b.ATA
5299/1 928 grave b.VWG grave I 2)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Pkdoc: Plan & section (ATA 2246F) and
photograph.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Limestone slab cist c. 1 70 x 55 x 35 cm^
359°. N half robbed.
BD; Inhumation extended on back, de-
stroyed from knees headward, head orig at
Nend.
Comb, VWG 226, per VI: 1. Type combpnt.
Fairly complete^ 1 tooth plate & parts of grip
ribs missing. Orig 5 tooth plates. Orig
6+6+10+8+(6) =c. 36 teeth. Orig 4 iron + 4
bronze rivets. Found in sec pos near prob SE
corner of cist.
Bhr 1928:05 (SHM 19055.
ATA 5299/1 928)
Located at the southern end of theKaldakern
gravel pit, near the southern stone wall of
the plot. Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Slab cist c. 200 x 75 x 50 cm (probably
ext dimensions), c. 0°. Robbed. Cut by gravel
pit.
BD: Inhumation, mostly destroyed, head
orig oriented N.
No artefact finds.
122
Bhrl928
Bhr I 928:06 (GFC8S42.ATA 4043/
I 927 plan sketch grave Uddvide II)
Destroyed during quarry work in 1928. Find?
collected from the local grocer K.A Nilsson;
orig finder quarrynian Johan Levander inter-
viewed by Marten Stenbe^cr in 1934 (ATA
3203/1934).
Picdoc: -
Ss: Scone setting. Diam 7-8 m.
Is; Intact off-centre (SE) s:indstone dab cist
c. 60 K c. 30 X c. 30 cm (probably ext di-
mensions, and not very dependable six years
afterwards) with lid slab.
BD: Cremation.
4 beads. 2 amorph red. 1 fglob of indeter-
minable colour. ] amorph yellow with red
longitudinal stripes.
Bronze sheet vessel. 14 melted frags includ-
ing profiled rim. Incomplete.
Pot. Prob AEG per IV:1 but atypical. In-
tact. Foot vessel with turned-out rim and
handle. Orig black surface. Height c. 95 mm.
Max ext diam c. 95 mm. Ext rim diam c. 75
mm. Found in corner of cist, containing
some of the b jrnt bone frags.
Bhr I 928:07 (GFC6707)
Grave fmd from Barshaldersbacke submit-
ted by shoemaker Johansson of Roes in 1928.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is:?
BD; Cremation.
Bronze finger ring. Diam 21 mm accord-
ing to inventory notes. Not found in stores.
Dtess pin. Cf AEG 349 (?), per V: 1 . 2 frags.
Remnants of wire link in loop.
Bead. 1 amorph intensely blue.
Bronze mount. Frag. Folded rectangular
bronze sheet, the remaining corner held to-
gether by a rivet. Unadorned. Extant dimen-
sions 46 X 20 mm.
Pot, Cf pottery in AEG per V:l. Frags, re-
constructible. Turned-out rim, neck, rounded
bel]y» turned-out bottom edge, flat bottom.
Line and dot-line decoration on neck and
upper belly, 3-line horizontal belts delimit-
ing 4 -line zigzag, dot-lines added along outer
edges. Orange surface^ finely tempered^ 4 mm
thick Rim diam c. 100 mm. Bottom diam c.
75 mm. Height c 120 mm.
Bronze spiral bead. l6x4.5 mm according
to inventory notes. Not found in stores.
Bronze sheet object. Bent and twisted
bronze sheet strip with tapered ends. L c. 50
mm. Max w 5 mm.
Bhr I 928:08 (SHM I 9055:1c.
Including VWG grave 137)
Finds submitted in 1928 to Harald Hansson
by quarryman A Johansson of Uddvide, who
claimed to have found them near Bhr
1927:19 when destroying an urn pit filled
with small stone shingles. Nerman treated
the finds except the fib j la and casket handle
as a grave assemblage in VWG.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is: Cremation urn pit.
BD: Cremation.
Miniature fibula. Late Roman Iron Age
crossbow fibula. Foot and part of axis miss-
ing. Flat sheet-like spiral. No axis terminals.
L from head to bow end 25 mm. Orig axis I
15 mm. Max bow w 4.4 mm.
Fibula knob. Cf VWG 9-27, per VI: 1 . Ccb
knob.
Bead. Fglob red.
Strap buckle. Indet type in the absence of
the fastening plate. VWG testfig. l6, per
Vl:l. Frame frag. Frontal protrusion. Max
w 26 mm. Strap w 1 7.5 mm.
Strap ring mount. Riveted bronze strip loop.
Ring ext diam 1 1 .5 mm. Strip span 2.5 mm.
Casket handle. Corroded. Prob orig animal-
head terminations. Max 1 51 mm.
Staple ring, Cf VWG I97,perVI:]. Cavetto
ring. Worn contact surfaces. Ext diam 13 mm.
Staple span c. 10 mm.
Pot. VWG textfig. 96, per VI:] . Broken and
partly glued together. Stamp ornamented
with 1 stamp: a triangle containing 3n in-
verted multi-line triangle. Reddish, medium-
coarsely tempered^ 4 mm thick.
Bronze rod frag,
Bhr 1930:01 (SHM I 9535:a.
Hansson's report grave a.
VZG grave 325)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 21 93F).
Ss: Low stone setting. Diam c. 2 m.
Is: Limestone slab cist 50 x 35 x 25 cm, 37°,
with lid slabs. Robbed.
BD: Cremation, 1 cm thick cremation layer
2-3 fish-head pendants. KHN type S2g2. 3
frags. Single-line ornaments. 7 mm bet\veen
lines. Orig I >23.5 mm.
Bead, 1 brl red with grey spiral streaks.
Found outside cist.
2 bronze lumps. 1 found outside cist.
Bhr 1930:02 (SHM l9535:b.ATA
4005/1930 grave b.VZG grave 326)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Plan and section (ATA 2193F).
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is; Cremation pit with edge stones. Diam
90 cm. Depth 25 cm.
BD: Cremation.
Seax, Indeterminable type. 1 blade base frag.
Max blade w c. 25 mm.
Shield handle. VZG 1720. per V1I;3. 2 frags.
Grip and termination with I rivet hole and
2 elegantly rolled-up corner protrusions.
Termination w 2.7 mm. Grip span 17 mm.
Iron chain frag, 2 twisted wire loops joined
by an open ring. Max ring diam 1 1 mm.
Spindlewhorl. Frags, nearly complete. Soft
limestone. Ext diam 28 mm.
3 iron frags.
Bhr 1930:03 (SHM l9535:c.ATA
4005/1930 gr^ve c.VZG grave 327)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: Plan and section (ATA 21 93Fj.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pit with edge stones. Diam
60 cm. Depth 15 cm.
BD: Cremation.
Fish-head pendant. KHN type S2gL Cf
VZG 1493, per Vl]:3. 1 frag. Triple -hne
ornaments. 2 holes according to Hansson,
1 extant in January 1995. L hole-base 13
mm.
2 heads. 1 amorph tluc green. 1 amorph blue
&lred.
Iron rivet. Badly corroded. Fused with bone.
4 iron frags. 1 with disc, diam 12 mm.
Bhr 1930:04 (SHM I9535:k.
ATA 4005/1930 grave x in non-
cultivated area)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss;-
Is: Cremation pit with edge stones. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1930:05 (SHM i9535:x.
ATA4005/i930 grave X in
cultivated area)
Excavated by Harald Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pit with edge stones. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
,23
Bhrl930
Bhr 1930:06 (SHM r9535:d.
ATA400S/I930)
Destroyed during gravel extraction. Finds
salvaged hv O.V. Ohisson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due Co cultivation.
Is: Small slab cist.
BD: Cremation.
Fibula. Type fibwidel. C£ VWG 24, per
VI: 1 . Spade-shaped foot, 3 ccb knobs. Foot
and pin broken off but extant. Concentric
circles on bow plate. L 58 mm.
Pot. Frags, incomplete. Turned-out rim^ neck,
angled shoulder, in ward -sloping sides, flat bot-
tom, handle with drinking duct. Finely bur-
nished dark brown ware, terracotta-coloured
core, finely tempered, 4 mm thick. Decorated
with lines and 3 stamps. Above shoulder a belt
delimited with double lines, containing a zig-
zag of a paired denticulate stamp with a coun-
ter-clockwise triskele circle stamp at nodes.
Below shoulder hanging triangles of a skewed
striated square stamp repeated and turned to
form a basketwork pattern. From points of
hanging triangles, \'ertical double lines down-
ward. Between hanging triangles, vertically
orientated zigzag of the same kind as above
shoulder. Shoulder diam 150 mm.
Pot, Frags^ badly incomplete. Turned-out
rim, neck, angled shoulder, inward-sloping
sides, flat bottom. Reddish, finely tempered,
4 mm thick. Decorated with a moulded cord
on neck, lines and 4 stamps. Double line on
shoulder. Between this and the moulded
cord^ a zigzag of a paired denticulate stamp
with a small denticulate circle stamp at
nodes. Below shoulder, sides divided by
double vertical lines into decorative zones:
crescent outline stamp turned alternatingly
left and right, horizontal lines of tiny cres-
cents, joined rhombi formed by the double
denticulate stamp.
Bhr I 930:07 (5HM I 9535 &
32260A.ATA 4142/1930,4158/1930
& 4242/1 930.VWG grave 159.
Ilkjxr 1990:343 grave 23)
Destroyed during cellar digging. Finds col-
lected by O.V Ohisson and dump soil sieved
by Ella Hellgren. All finds made within a
275 X 275 X 100 cm modern construction
trench r
Pkdoc: -
Ss:?
Is:?
BD; Inhumation, c. ]60 g preserved. 1 adult
prob male-sex human. Determination by
Sabine Sten (Lamm & Axboe 1 9S9:460).
Glass beaker, VWG 613, perVl:2. Intact.
Sword- \^^G 586, per Vl:2. W&G type
SP2. Blade starting to fall apart with rust in
2001. Spatha with hat-shaped bronze pom-
mel knob. Fused with leather frags from
scabbard. Pommel knob 13.5 x 12.5 x 6.5
mm.
Bronze chape, VWG 586 b, per VI:2. Type
Snartemo/Fairford. c AD 450-500, Bemmann
& Hahne 1994 #21:5. Cast bronze, a small
piece of one corner missing. Cast line decora-
tion on one side, simple incised lines on the
other. Int span 9 mm.
Scabbard side mount. VWG 593, per VI:2.
Bronze sheet tube.
2 lance heads. VWG 594 & 596. perVI:2.
llkjsr 1990 type 19. Badly corroded. Wood
preserved in socket on VWG 596. Extant I
183 & 194 mm.
Javelin head. IlkjEer 1990 type Tveito. Cf
VWG 597, per VI:2. Badly corroded. 2
glued -together frags. Only vestiges left of
barbs. Transversal rivet in socket. Extant I
tot 204 mm.
Umbo. VWG 608, per Vl;2. 1 main piece and
6 frags. Original diam c. 1 65 mm.
7 arrowheads. VWG 599 & 600. perVI:2.
Frags. 3 fused by corrosion, prob orig kept
in a quiver. Tanged. 3-pointed cross -section.
3 arrowheads, VWG 598, perVl:2. Frags.
Tanged. Lancet shaped.
Arrowhead, 2 frags. Indeterminate type.
Gold finger ring. VWG 425, perVT:2.
Crossbow fibula. \'WG 370, per VT:2. Type
fibcb. Pin lost.
Gold bracteate. VWG textfig. 132, per VI; 2.
Axboe et al. 1985-19S9 #216. Montehus
1869 type C. Brim and loop cut off. Cen-
tral compass mark on stamp face.
Bead. VWG 455, per Vl:2. 1 fglob black
with wavy yellow equator, diam 25 mm.
Button clasp pair. Cf VWG 533, perVI:2.
2-3 layers of cloth remnants around button
stems on catch -piece. Orig I c. 40 mm. Span
35 mm, filled with textile.
Button clasp pair. Cf VWG 533, per Vl:2.
Frag of hook-piece with remnants of catch-
piece under hook. Apparently originally
identical to the abovementioned. 2 remain-
ing buttons, 1 loose. Span 35 mm.
Gaming piece. Cf VWG 265, per VI:2.
Diam 15 mm.
Bone rod, VWG textfig. 208. per V!;2.
Gaming piece pusher?
Strap buckle- \^WG textfig. 184.perVI:2.
Tvpesmbquad3. Tongue lost. Strap w 8 mm.
Silver strap buckle, VWG textfig. 187> per
\T:2. Type smbhigh. Tongue loose. Leather
fragment observed on rivet stem between
halves of mounting plate in the summer of
1994. subsequently detached and lying loose
in box.
2 strap ring mounts. VWG 5l6, per Vl;2.
Silver Cavetto rings. Worn contact surfaces.
Plate w 7 mm. Rivet span 2.5 mm.
Strap retaining mount A'WG 520, per Vl:2.
Span c. 2.5 mm.
Strap end mountr VWG textfig. 182. per
VI;2. Type smesword. Silver. Punch orna-
mented. Not found in stores.
Staple ring. VWG 518, perVl;2. Cavetto
ring. Unbent staple. Worn contact surfaces.
Staple ring. VWG 519, per Vl:2. Cavetto
ring with octagonal cross-section. Single edge
lines and double transversal base lines on the
loop of the staple. No traces of wear. Ext
diam 36.0 mm. Staple span 15 mm.
Handle comb, VWG 547, per VI:2. Intact
with comb case. Glued together. Visible
compass-marks for the ornaments. Green-
stained patches from contact with bronze
object on one side. Only 3 bronze rivet heads
left in comb and case. 1 spacer wedge miss-
ing in case. 4 tooth plates. 12+17+18+10=57
teeth including end plates.
Knife. VWG 551, per VT:2. Point still ex-
tant on Hellgren's photograph but missing
when the knife was drawn for VWG. Tip of
tang also missing in January 1995. Extant 1
tot 150 mm.
Knife. Tang lost. Thin, tapered blade. 2
glued -together frags. Wax w 14 mm. Extant
1 tot 99 mm.
Bronze sheet \tstland cauldron, Cf VWG
612, per \1:2. Upper half fairly well-pre-
served, bottom fragmented. Orig ext rim
diam c. 300 mm. Sheet thickness 0.5 mm.
Cauldron handle. 2 frags. Iron. Flat, tapered.
2 bronze counterwasher frags. From 2 sepa-
rate washers. 1 rivet hole each. 30 s 5 x 0.5
& 12x4.5x 1.05 mm.
Iron rivet. From umbo?
Textile (rag. Twill. Found in the pin-holder
of the fibula.
2 iron frags. 1 with vestiges of wood. Knife
tang?
4 iron frags. SHM 32260A. Flat. Found
during re-packaging of bones.
2 rust lumps, SHM 32260A Sand and iron.
Found during re-packaging of bones.
Organic lump. Flaky texture. Metallic sheen.
Bear phalanx. SHM 32260A. Unburnt.
Found during re-packaging of bones.
1 ovicaprid tooth.
3 Stone Age flint frags.
Wood frag. Probably modern.
124
Bhrl930
Modern knife. Bearing the imprint "F Holm-
berg, Eskilstuna".
Bhr 1930:08-09 (SHM I9535:d.
ATA 4005/1930)
Two destroyed graves^ one from the gravel
pit (cem-sect 1) and one from the Roes
quarry (cem-sect 3). Finds salvaged by O.V.
Ohlsson and mixed up without any docu-
mentation as to which finds belong to which
grave.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is:?
BD; Cremation.
Dress pin. Bent, point missing. Ccb head.
Vase pendaiit. Type pendvase. Cf. VWG ^^,
per V]:I. Loops damaged. Line ornamented.
Height sans loops l6.4 mm.
>=9 beads. Fused into 6 lumps. 4 amorph
red, 2 amorph bluewith 2 red eyes. 2 amorph
blue & yellow. 1 amorph yellow and black.
Button clisp pair. Cf VWG 2l4, perVl:l.
1 pair with a single button each. Button diam
7.5 mm. Span 2.5 mm.
Bronze animal-head. 1 warped frag. Cast
animal head with jaws, eye, mane and dot-
circle ornaments on neck. Edges bevelled
from both sides.
2 strap buckles. Type smboval a. Cf. VWG
155 & 156, perVl:L Warped, t missing
tongue, the other punch ornamented on
plate. Strap w 16 & 13 mm. Plate w IS &
19 mm.
Strip ring mount- Cruciform fastening plate
with rivets at ends of arms. 1 arm broken
off but extant. Bronze sheet ring, orig ext
diam c. 15 mm.
Strap ring mount. Fastening plate missing.
Worn contact surface on ring. Diam l6mm.
Strapjoiner? Hinge frag.
Strap end mount. Lance-head shaped. L 5 1
mm. Strap w 10.5 mm. Strap span 2.5 mm.
Comb. Type combpnt. Cf. VWG 225, per
VI: 1. Frags, nearly complete. 6 rivet holes, 5
extant rivets. 4 tooth plates. Orig
6+6+6+7=25 teeth. Orig 1 c. 45 mm.
2pots? Frags. Stamp ornamented. See stray
fmdSHM 19535:e.
2 bronze sheet frags.
2 bronze lumps.
Bhr 1931:01 (ATA 2908/1931
grave I, plan grave 3)
Badly damaged through cultivation. Exca-
vated by John Nihien.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Small stone setting.
ls:P
BD:?
Knife. Frag. Not found in stores,
Bhr 1931:02 (SHM 19766:9. ATA
2908/1931 grave 2, plan grave 9)
Excavated by John Nihien.
Picdoc: Plan & section [ATA 2232F) and 8
photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist lined with sandstone
slabs c 260 X 60 xc 50 cm, 173°, with sand-
stone end slab (S) and end blocks (N), and
igneous covering stone layer. S end cut away
by gravel pit. Wooden coffin indicated by
traces of wood and in situ nails inside, per-
mitting a reconstruction. The long sides had
been nailed onto the short sides, the bottom
and lid each onto the sides. The coffin origi-
nally measured c. 250 x 60 x c. 50 cm and
was bjilt of c. 5 cm thick boards.
BD: Inh jmation^ almost completely decayed,
head orig at S end judging from find positions.
Oanial frags however found in NE corner ac-
cording to Nihien. Heavily worn teeth.
Beard axe bead. Neck end lost. Tongue-
shaped protrusion on lower side. From de-
stroyed S end of cist. Edge w 80 mm.
16 belt lamellae- Bronze sheet. 15x4-5 mm.
Rivet span 2.5 mm. Found with leather frags
on edge of destroyed S part.
Comb. ] worn grip rib frag. Unburnt.
Bronze corrosion stain at rivet hole. Not
mentioned by Nihien.
Knife. 4 frags. Fused with vestiges of wood
and leather sheath. Not mentioned by
Nihien.
Knife slieath. 12 frags. Stitched together with
minuscule bronze strips. Frag size 4-32 mm.
Bronze strip w 1.3 mm. Found with bronze
lamellae on edge of destroyed S part.
Pot. Selling 1955:186. Frags. Complete.
Terracotta-coloured surface, black core. Verv
coarsely tempered. Notched^ turned -out rim.
Rim diam c. 120 mm. Height c. 120 mm. 7
mm thick. Found in NW corner of coffin.
27 coffin nails. With abundant wood re-
mains. Orig 1 c. 150 mm. 17 found in situ,
10 from the destroyed end of the coffin. The
report only mentions 4 from the destroyed
end.
>=5 iron rivets. 13 frags. 5 rivet heads. 2
rhomboid counter was hers. Not mentioned
by Nihien.
Bronze sheet frag. Originally rolled around
something. Not mentioned by Nihien.
Iron rod frag. Bent. Not mentioned by
Nihien.
Nephrite frag. Green semi -trans lucent min-
eral. Not mentioned by Nihien.
Bhr 1931:03 (SHM 19766:27 &
32260C:27.ATA 2908/1931 grave 3,
plan grave 27)
Excavated by John Nihien.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss: Mixed flat stone setting. Diam 2.6 m.
Is: Cremation layer surrounded by an inner
stone circle. Diam 50 cm. Thickness 5-7 cm.
BD: Cremation.
Scabhard loop mount. Cf VZG 1208, per
VI 1:2. Frag. Carries a tag attributing it to Bhr
1931:09. The SHM inventory notes, how-
ever, state that it belongs to Bhr 1931:03.
Iron rivet. Rhomboidal counter was her. Span
43 mm.
3 iron strip frags. SHM 32260C:27. 1
pierced with rivet. W 13> 12&9 mm. Found
during re-packaging of bones.
Iron frags, SHM 32260C:27. Numerous,
all minuscjie. Found during re-packaging
of bones.
Bhr 1931:04 (SHM I9766:30.ATA
2908/1931 gravd, plan grave 30.
VZG grave 339)
Excavated by John Nihien.
Picdoc: Plan & section (ATA 2234F) and 3
photographs.
Ss: Mixed flat stone setting. Mas diam 2.2
m. Height <0.1 m.
Is: Bone pit. Diam SO cm. Robbed through-
out.
BD: Inhumation, disordered secondary in-
terment.
Bone pin. VZG 2130. per V1I:4. 4 frags.
Ring-shaped head, ext diam 12 mm.
Knife. 3 frags, almost complete. Bent. Orig
blade I c. 115 mm. Max blade w 22 mm.
Not mentioned by Nihien.
Strike-a-light, VZG 2029. perVlI:4. 2 frags.
Decomposing in February 1995. Not men-
tioned by Nihien.
Bronze sheet spangle. Domed. Diam 5-6
mm.
Bhr I93I:0S(SHM I9766:25.ATA
2908/1931 grave 5, plan grave 25)
Excavated by John Nihien.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2233F) and photograph.
Ss: Flat stone setting with remnants of sand-
stone kerb. Orig diam c. 2.8 m.
Is: Cremation layer 60 x 40 cm surrounded
by an inner stone circle.
BD: Cremation.
Bone object. Frag. Barrel-shaped with cen-
,25
Bhrl93l
tral hole. Bead? Diam 10.5 mm.
Iron nvet.
2 bronze sheet frags.
Iron sheet frag,
Bhr 1931:06 (SHM I9766:I4.ATA
2908/1931 grave 6, plan grave 14)
Excavated by John Nihien. Only centre ex-
cavated according to inspection of 1957.
Picdoc: Plan [ATA 2233F) and 2 photo-
graphs.
Ssi Flat stone setting. Damaged.
Ts:?
BD; Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1931:07 (SHM I9766:I2.ATA
2908/1 93 I grave 7, plan grave I 2.
VZG grave 287)
Excavated by John Nihien. Only centre ex-
cavated according to inspection of 1957.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Flat stone setting. Diam 3 m. Height c.
0.3 m. Damaged.
Is:?
BD; Cremation.
Bronze arm ring. KHN type Q3e or Q3f
Frag. Diagonal grooves. Not found in stores.
2 beads. 1 amorph tluc blue with red equa-
tor bordered with white. ] frag not found in
stores.
Bronze chain. 2 links.
Comb. VZG 1603, per V1I:3. I grip rib frag.
Not found in stores.
Bhr 1931:08 (SHM I9766:I3.ATA
2908/1931 grave 8, plan grave 13)
Excavated by John Nihien.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss: Flat stone setting. Diam c. 1 .75 m. Dam-
aged.
Is:?
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1931:09 (SHM I 9766:36. ATA
2908/1 93 I grave 9, plan grave 36.
VZG grave 328)
Excavated by John Nihien.
Picdoc: 2 photographs.
Ss; Flat stone setting. Diam c. 2 m. Height
<0.1 m.
Is; Central limestone and sandstone "cist-
shaped stone setting" 50 x 25 x 30 cm^ c. 0°.
Damaged.
BD: Cremation.
Bead, 1 amorph green.
Bronze chain. 2 links.
Knife. Bent. Tang end broken off but ex-
tant, fused with pierced oval bronze sheet
mount. Blade 1 125 mm. Fairly intact though
beginning to decompose in February 1995.
Knife butt ring mount. Cf VZG 1 659, per
V1I:3. Cruciform bronze sheet mount, double
edge line, with vestiges of central iron tang
end. Cross arms bent to hold fastening ring^
c£ VZG 1661.
Knife. Convex blade bach. Extant blade I
40 mm. Tang I 57 mm,
3 iron frags.
Bhr 1931:10 (ATA 2908/I93J
grave I 0, plan feature 32)
No burial indications. Excavated by John
Nihien.
Ss: Irr^ularly rectangular stone setting. L
2.3 m.
Modern iron object. Discarded.
Bhr 1931:1 I (SHM I 9766.ATA
2908/1931 grave I Improbably plan
grave I I)
Excavated by John Nihien. Only centre ex-
cavated according to inspection of 1957.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Flat stone setting. Diam c. 1 m.
Is: Cremation pit. Diam 20 cm. Depth 20
cm.
BD: Cremation.
Knife. Frag. Max blade w 1 7 mm.
Knife. Blade with marked sharpening wear
Bhr I93I:I2(SHM I 9766:38.ATA
2908/1931 grave I2,plan grave 38)
Excavated by John Nihien.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss: Flat stone setting. Diam 2 m.
Is: Nothing recorded. Robbed.
BD:?
Bronze knife handle. Cf VZG 1662, per
Vll:3. Iron fang inside. 84 x 21 x 12 mm.
Bhr 1931:13 (SHM I 9766:1 6. ATA
2908/1931 grave I3,plan grave 16)
Excavated by John Nihien.
Picdoc: Plan & section (ATA 2236F) and
photograph.
Ss: Flat stone setting. Diam 1.75 m. Height
0.2 m above turf.
Is: Central irregular igneous block compart-
ment 50 X 35 cm, long axis 340°. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Lance bead. Indeterminable type. Flattened
conical socket, blade lost. Extant I 63 mm.
Bhr 1931:14 (ATA 2908/1931
grave M^plan grave 10)
Excavated by John Nihien. Only centre ex-
cavated according to inspection of 1 957.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting with probable sandstone
kerb. Damaged through cultivation.
Is:?
BD:?
No finds.
Bhr 1931:15 (SHM I9766:4I.ATA
2908/1931 grave I S, plan grave 41)
Excavated by John Nihien.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2235F) and 3 photo-
graphs.
Ss: Flat stone setting with remnants of igne-
ous stone kerb with sandstone chips between
stones. Diam 3.5 m.
Is: Central cremation layer 60 x 50 x 5-8
cm. Robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Bone sword grip. VZG 1180, per Vll:2.
W&G type SP4. Partly glued -together frags
from ornamented bone grip and hilts.
Iron strap buckle- Frame. Strap w l6 mm.
Comb. I grip rib frag.
3 iron rivets. VZG 1274, per Vll;2. Span 4
mm.
Iron rivet. Span 15 mm.
Iron nail. Stem 2.5 mm thick.
2 bronze slieet ftags. Unequal thickness.
3 curved iron rod frags. Bent. From a ring,
diam c. 20 mm, or another buckle frame?
3 iron sheet frags,
Unhurnt bone,
Bhr 1931:16 (ATA 2908/1931
grave 16, plan feature 42)
No burial indications. Excavated by John
Nihien.
Picdoc: -
Hearth. 0.5 sqm remaining. SW half cut
away by gravel pit.
No finds.
Bhr 1931:17 (SHM 19766:34 &
201 99.ATA 2908/1931 grave 17,
plan grave 34.VZG grave 394 &
403)
Partly excavated by John Nihien.
"During the road works this autumn [1932] I
[O.VOhlsson] have collected a damaged brooch
in the stripped area at AB Vagfdrbattringar's
gravel pit at Barshaldershed in Grotlingbo par-
ish". "When the topsoil was removed 31 Au-
gust 1932 a damaged brooch and a pin were
found with some burnt bone fragments. The
126
Bhrl93l
find spot was where grave 34 is ni:irked on the
plan... byJohnNihlen and IngenurAtterman.
The finder's names: road workers Hjalmar
Peccers5on and Harry Larsson^ both ofVam ling-
bo parish." Brooch jnd dress pin submitted in
No^'ember 1932byO.V OKIsson.
Picdoc: Photograph.
Ss: Flat stone setting. Diani 2 m.
Is: Central irregular igneous stone compart-
ment containing cremation deposit. Appar-
ently not completely excavated by Nihien
judging from the finds made a year later.
BD: Cremation.
Disc-on-bow brooch, \^G 1802, per V1I:4.
SHM 20199. KHN type E2a2-large. Frags.
Fused with bead paste.
Dress pin. VZG 1351. per VII:4. SHM
20199. KHN type P8.
Chain holder, VZG 1923. per VII:4. SHM
19766:34. Frag. Punch ornamented.
Fish-head pendants. Uncertain type. 10
small frags. SHM 1 9766:34. Not mentioned
by Nihien.
>=3 beads. Yellow and red glass paste fused
with brooch frags. 1 bri orange (SHM
19766:34) found 2 m E of grave.
Knife- SHM 19766:34. 5 frags.
Whetstone. SHM 19766:34. Sandstone.
Not found in stores.
Bhr 1931:18 (SHM 19766:11.
ATA 2908/1931 grave I 8, plan
grave 26. VZG grave 286)
Excavated by John Nihien.
Picdoc: -
Sb: Stone setting. Diam c. 2 m. Height c.
0.5 m.
Is: Nothing recorded. Robbed,
BD: Cremation.
Bronze arm ring. KHN type Q3e. Cf VZG
1531, per VII ;3. 2 frags which fit together.
Cast spiral ridges with unadorned inside.
Flatly tapered end. Rod thickness 3.4 mm.
>=2 hsh-head pendants. Uncertain type. 5
frags from at least 2 pendants.
Bead. Amorph deep blue. Not mentioned
by Nihien.
Bronze chain. 4 frags. Including end ring.
Open links.
Spindle whotl. 2 frags. Bone.
Bronze sheet frag. Thicker than the sheet in
the pendants.
Bhr 1931:19 (SHM 19766:43 &
32260C:43.ATA 2908/1931
grave I9,plan grave 43)
Excavated by John Nihien.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Main part including cist
collapsed into gravel pit.
Is: Sandstone and igneous stone cist of un-
certain type. Collapsed into gravel pit.
BD: Cremation. 5 ff^gs kept with comb.
Brooclipin. Frag. Slightly curved. L 35 mm.
Not mentioned by Nihien.
Dress pin. KHN type P2. Cf VZG 143U
per V1I:3. Slightly warped. Head with hexa-
gonal pierced plate between cylindrical cuff
and domed knob. L 66 mm.
Comb, Frags. 22 grip rib + l4 tooth plate. 1
loose rivet. Reconstructible. Dojble edge
line. 3 joined half dot-circles "double S" or-
nament. Bronze rivets. 2 of the comb frags
found during re-packaging of bones (SHM
32260 C:43).
Br
3g-
Bhr 1931:20 (SHM 19766:80 &
32260C:80.ATA 2908/1931 grave
20.plan grave 80.ATA 661 8/1 9SS
plan grave 2/52)
Excavated by John Nihien in 1931 and un-
wittingly re-excavated by Greta Arwidsson
in 1952.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA2235F) and photograph.
Ss: Mixed flat stone setting, extant diam c.
2.2 m. Badly damaged.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 45 s 45 s 25-30 cm,
0°. Cist depth according to Arwidsson, a
more careful excavator. Prob robbed.
BD: Cremation.
Buttonclasppiit. Cf VWG214, perVI:l.
One button each. Head diam 9 mm. Rivet
span 5 mm.
Button clasp. Catch -piece. Identical to the
ab o vem e n t i o ned .
Strap buckle. Type smbquadl. Cf. VWG
l46,perVI:l. 1 rivet hole. Strap w 8 mm.
Rivet span 1.5 mm.
Strap buckle. Type smbquadl. Cf. VWG
146, per VI: 1. 2 rivet holes, 1 rolled bronze
sheet rivet. Tongue missing in February
1995, listed as loose but extant in inventorv
(cf Bhr 1332:40). Strap w 7 mm.
Strap retaining mount. Cf VWG 204, per
Vl:l. 2 frags, complete. Span 3 mm.
Handle comb. Cf VWG 228, per VI:1.
Frags, 1 grip rib + 5 tooth plate. Double edge
line. Tiny dot-circles. Fine-toothed. Paired
bronze rivets. Not mentioned by Nihien.
Iron frag. From knife?
3 hark frags. Not mentioned by Nihien.
Flint frag. Probably from the underlying
Neolithic deposit. Not submitted to the
SHM.
Bhr 1934:01 (SHM 20845:1.
ATA 4200/1 934 grave I)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan & section (ATA 2194F) and
photograph.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist 120 x 55 x 45 cm,
202°.
BD: Inhumation child, almost completely
decayed, head oriented SS\C^
Penannular brooch, Carlsson 1988 35:22;
type TRA:KRA sex:a I; per B/C. Diam 72
mm. Found in the middle of the cist at the
NWwall.
Knife. WKG 11: 1 78:2. Found in the middle
of the cist at the SE wall.
Bhr 1934:02 (SHM 20845:2.
ATA 4200/1934 grave II)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pit topped with stones. Diam
60 cm. Depth 25 cm.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1934:03 (SHM 20845:3.
ATA 4200/1934 grave III)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Oval cremation pit topped with stones.
Diam 60 X 80 cm. Depth 20 cm.
BD: Cremation.
Strap hiickle. Type smbovala. Cf VWG
155-157, per VI: I. Frame cast in one piece
with fastening plate. Punch ornamented
plate edges. 4 rivets. L 31 mm. Plate 1 17
mm. Plate w 13.5 mm. Rivet span 1.5 mm.
Bronze mount. Frag. Single edge line. With
rivet and counter washer.
Strap end mount. Type 5meopen2r Cf
V\C^G 124 &45S, perVI;l-2. L5.3mm.
Handlecomb,Cf VWG 227-223. per VI: 1.
Frags, 3 grip rib + 5 tooth plate.
Bronze rod frag. Prob from dress pin or
fibula pin. 1 frag.
Bhr I 934:04 (GF C8498)
Fojnd during gravel extraction at Barshalders-
backe while removing remnants of a grave 10-
11 years previously. Bought from butcher
Emil Johansson of Sigters in Havdhem in
1934.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is:?
,27
Bhrl934
BD: Inhumation.
Snake brooch, KHN type L2:i. Cf VZG 1 07
& 914, per VII: 1-2. S-shaped.Fanged style
II he^d and heeled foot. 2 of 4 garnets re-
main. Waffled gold sheet in 1 empty socket.
Stamp ornamented: single dot and slightly
S-shaped figure with 5 raised dots. Remnants
of iron pin. W across coil garnets 53.5 mm.
Dress pin. VZG 94l, per V1I:2. Mushroom
head with double-linecross. Spiral line around
stem near middle. L 51.7 mm.
Fish-head pendant. KHN type S2gl. Cf
VZG 1012, perVII:2. No traces of line or-
naments. L 17 mm.
34 beads. Petre 1984 type P3. 26brl red. 6
brl orange. 2 oblong con red.
Bhr 1934:05 (SHM 21 070. Marked
as #1 25 on the plan inTrotzig I 979)
Found at a wall collapse during gravel extrac-
tion in the Road Council's gravel pit in the
winter ofl934-1935(ATA239S/1935, 2532/
1935). Marten Stenberger inspected the find
spot on 1 6 July 1935 but found nothing of
interest (ATA 2873/1935): ",. immediately
beside and in the NE border line of the pro-
tected area with the standing stone #44 on
Nihlen and Atterman's plan^ and c. 1 m S of
the northern border post of the protected
area".
Pkdoc: -
Ss:?
Is:?
BD: Inhumation. Unburnt bone frags ob-
served when the artefacts were collected.
Knife, Badly corroded. Prob vestiges of
sheath on blade. Blade with marked sharp-
ening wear. Marked level change between
blade back and tang.
Wooden vessel. Frag preserved inside bronze
sheet repair mount. Bronze strip folded over
cracked vessel edge. Double edge line orna-
ment. 2 iron rivets in corners. Span filled
with well-preserved wood. L tot c. 58 mm.
W l6 mm. Span 7 mm.
Bhr 1935:01 (SHM 21 242:1 . GF Dep
I393.ATA4660/I935grave I . Geijer
&Arbman I940.WKG 1:44)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Pkdoc: Plan {ATA 2204F) and photograph
[both of find concentration).
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench c. 180°. Coffin or bier
indicated by wood remains beneath bronze
objects inside. All objects found in a 45 x 35
cm N-S cluster together with arm bone frags.
BD: Inhumation, almost completely de-
cayed, head orig oriented S judging from
find positions. 5 arm-bone frags kept with
artefacts.
Penanniilar brooch. Carlsson 198S 35:23;
typeTRA:KRAsex;a + ore:cI;perC.WKG
1:44:1. Diam 88 mm. Found in centre of
cluster.
Strip buckle. WKG 1:44:2. Edge line orna-
mented fastening plate with 2 rivets in cor-
ners. L tot 59 mm. Frame I 29 mm. Plate w
18 mm. Fojnd at S end of cluster.
Strap joiner, WKG 1:44:4. 4 frags. 2 bronze
sheet squares joined in the corners by rivets.
Double edge line ornament. Orig dimen-
sions 25 X 25 mm. Span 5 mm. T-joiner orig
fastening the tassels to the belt. Disturbed
in excavation.
54 bronze spiral heads. With leather re-
mains. All made from round wire {WKG
1:44:6), except for a few from flat bronze
strips (WKG 1:44:7). Max 1 43 mm. Diam
6.8 mm. From belt tassels. Found at N end
of cluster.
6 strap end mounts. WKG 1:44:5. Shaped
like an artist's brush. L 49-55 mm. From belt
tassels. Found at N end of cluster.
Strap end mount. WKG 1:44:3. Tweezers-
shaped. Line and punch ornamented. 5 riv-
ets: in corners, at middle and 2 longitudi-
nally placed near loop. Leather remains in
span. Max w 20 mm. Found at centre of
cluster.
Comb, WKG 1:44:10-11,2 unburnt frags.
Badly eroded. 1 grip rib with iron rivets. 1
flat dot-circle ornamented frag, tooth plate?
Found at belt buckle.
Knife. WKG 1:44:8. Fairly well-preserved.
Orig prob marked blade back offset. Orig
blade 1 c. 87 mm. Orig 1 tot c. l40 mm.
Blade w 15 mm. Found at S end of cluster
Knife handle. Cf WKG II: 1 79:6b. 2 wooden
frags. 3 mm wide transversal depressions cut
into the wood at 4 mm intervals. Bottoms of
depressions covered with fine parallel grooves^
2.5 grooves per mm, prob from vanished
metal wire twining. Found with knife.
Knife sheath edge mount. WKG 1:44:8. Line
ornamented double bronze sheet mount with
ornamental staircase cuts along edge. Held
together with 9 rivets. Round string/strap hole
33 mm from lower end. L 101 mm. W 13
mm. Found with knife.
5 knife sheath edge chps. WKG 1:44:8.
Folded hne ornamented bronze sheet clips
pierced each with 1 rivet. W8.5 mm. Found
with knife.
Knife sheath point moimt. WKG 1:44:8.
Line ornamented double bronze sheet mount
for the point of the knife sheath. L 53 mm.
Total sheath 1 judging from mounts c. 200
mm. Found with knife.
Whetstone. WKG 1:44:9. Slate (erroneously
stated by Stenberger to be sandstone). Well
worn. Drilled through with conical drill
from both sides at one end. L 1 14 mm.
Found at belt at S end of cluster.
Bhr l935:02(GFC8654:l-5.
ATA 4660/1 935 grave 2.WKG 1:88)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2205F) and photograph.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 125 x 55 x c. 30 cm,
1 70°, with floor slabs and sandstone lid slabs
covered by an igneous stone layer.
BD: Inhumation child^ almost completely
decayed, head orig oriented S judging from
find positions.
Bronze arm "ng^ WKG I:88;8. Open with
overlapping ends. Tapered rod with round
cross-section. Max int diam 4] mm. Stored
with remnants of thin wood and the ends of
small and delicate radius and ulna. Found
at the middle of the E side.
Animal-head brooch, WKG 1:88: L Carlsson
1 983 35:48; type 8.2.G: per D. L 46.5 mm.
Found in S half
5 beads. WKG 1:88:2-6. 1 brl amber diam
18mm. 1 brl pale yellow with eroded blue/
black dots. 1 bicon amber diam 18 mm. 1
bicongold foliate. 1 brl yellow diam 6.5 mm.
Found in S half
Bronze sewing needle. WKG 1:88:7. 2 frags»
complete. Oval hole through flattened head-
end. L 60 mm. Found at N end.
Bhr I 935:03 (GF C8654:6-l 8.
ATA 4660/1 935 grave 3.WKG 1:55)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2206F).
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist lined with sandstone
flakes 275 x 75 cm, 174°, with sandstone
lid slabs. S half robbed.
BD: Inhumation, adult, extended on back,
almost completely decayed, head orig at S
end. Stenberger erroneously states that the
body had been orientated N. The extant di-
mensions of the bone fused with the rust
lump mark it as a femur, not a humerus as
Stenberger believed.
Beardaxehead.WKG 1:55:12. Amorph pro-
trusion on lower side. Downward haft flaps.
L Cr 135 mm. Edge w c, 100 mm. Fojnd
with textile remains which were subsequently
removed in the conservation process. Found
128
Bhrl935
on dx femur^ edge sin^ haft orig foocward.
Bead. WKG 165:S. 1 brl red. Found sin of
pelvic region.
Strap buckle, WKG 1:55:1. Iron tongue.
Strjp w 13 mm. Found in sec pos in belt
mount line in head region.
41 ornamental strap nioiuits. 35 identical
butterfly-shaped. 14 x 14 mm ("WKG 1:55:4).
6 identical heart-shaped, 12x l6mm [WKG
1:55:5). 3 strap frags, w l4 mm. Most of the
mounts glued onto a modern strap regardless
of the damage thereby done to the rivets and
original strap frags. Found in a line from the
dx pelvic region up past the head region, in-
dicating that grave robbing had occurred
while the belt strap was still sturdv enough to
pull about.
Bronze mount. WKG 1:55:6. V-shaped
wriggle ornamented bronze sheet mount
joined to bronze sheet counterwasher with
3 rivets. 2-ply leather between plates, belt
strap or knife sheath? l4 x 15 mm. Span 3
mm. Found in sec pos in fill.
Bronze mount. WKG 1:55:7. Frag. Rectan-
gular wriggle ornamented bronze sheet
mount with pointed end joined to bronze
sheet counterwasher with 2 rivets. 2-ply
leather between plates, belt strap or knife
sheath? 13 x 3 mm. Span 3 mm. Found in
sec pos in fill.
2 strap end mounts. WKG 1:55:2-3. Iden-
tical. Fastening plate with Urnes style ani-
mal head holding an 8-shaped Urnes style
animal in its jaws. 2 rivets on plate. 48.5 x
1 1 mm. Found in sec pos in fill.
Knife, WKG 1:55:10. 5 frags. Fused with
leather sheath with cover mount. Marked
blade back offset. Found in sec pos at belt
mount line in upper dx chest region.
Knife butt ring mount. WKG 1:55:9.
Ribbed staple ring with transversal pin
through staple. Pierced curved tapered
wriggled bronze sheet strip on staple between
ring and pin. External ring diam 1 1.5 mm.
Found in sec pos in belt mount line in dx
shoulder region.
Knife sheaili cover mount. WKG 1:55: 10.
Apparently unadorned.
Knife sheath ring mount. WKG 1:55:1 1.
Cast bronze loop with palmetto ornamented
fastening plates and iron ring fjsed with rem-
nants of leather strap. Span 3 mm. Found
in sec pos in fill.
Pot. Selling 1955:1 l6,Tjf26:6.Hulthen 1991
#13, group X. WKG 1:468. Baltic Ware. Reas-
sembled. Wheel-turned. Turned-out rim.
Comb-stamp chevron ornamentation along
shoulder. Swastika on under-side. Mottled red-
grey-brown surface, dark grey core, coarsely
tempered^ 7.5 mm thick. Rim diam 140 mm.
Max diam 145 mm.BasediamSOmm. Height
95 mm. Found sin of foot region.
Rust lump with textile reniainSr Coarse
twill. Fused with eroded femur. With sub-
stantial soil sample.
Wood fragSr Possibly from axe haft.
Bhr I 935:04 (GF C86S4: \ 9-27.
ATA 4660/1 93S grave 4.WKG 1:70)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2207F) and 4 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist lined with sand-
stone slabs 280 x 70 x 45/55 cm, 183°. with
sandstone floor flakes and mixed lid flakes
and stones [fig. 3:6). Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation^ no bones found. Head
prob orig at S end judging from And posi-
tions.
Animal-head brooch, Carlsson 1983 35:49;
type 6.4.N; per D. WKG 1:70: 1. L 60.5 mm.
Found at S end slab.
Dress pin. RundqvistNilsson 1990 typeD3,
Late Viking Period. WKG 1:70:2. L 104
mm. Found in SE corner.
Sievependant,WKG 1:703. Bronze. 3 holes.
Fojnd at S end.
7 beads. WKG 1:70:4-8. Only 5 submitted
to GF. 1 brl cobalt blue covered with alter-
nating double concentric white squares and
red-edged white Xs, 1 brl turquoise with
broad equator belt: maroon with white spi-
rals - red - maroon with white spirals. 1 brl
rock crystal diam 18.7 mm. 1 brl pale blue
with 2 intersecting wavy equatorial maroon
belts. 1 bicon tluc deep blue. Fojnd at S
end.
Comb case. WKG 1:70: 1 0. End frag with 4
line ornamented ribs, paired with 2 bronze
rivets through a centre plate. Found at S end.
Composite key, WKG 1:70:9. Badly cor-
roded iron stem fused with fme twill. Cast
bronze handle with rounded butt-end^ hex-
agonal cross-section, tapered toward an in-
tricate cuff at the base. Handle I 65 mm.
Found outside E side of cist.
Pottery. WKG 1:479. 5 small frags. Mottled
black-brown surface, terracotta-coloured core,
coarsely tempered, 8 mm thick. Found dur-
ing sieving.
Metal tod frag. WKG 1:70: 1 1 . Silver sheen,
speckled with verdigris. Curved. Round
cross-section. L 50 mm. Diam 2.4 mm.
Found with key outside E side of cist.
Bhr I935:0S (GF C8654:28-34.ATA
4660/I93S grave 5.WKG 1:41)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2208F) and photograph.
Ss; None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench with a c. 195 x 100
cm covering layer of 30-50 cm large stones.
BD: Inhumation child, extended on back,
arms at sides, head turned dx, 1 93°.
Penannular brooch, Carlsson 1988 35:42;
type RUL:SM rom:a? I: per B/C. Diam 59?
mm. Found at upper dx chest. Not found
ill stores.
Strap huchle. WKG I:4l:l. Composite. U-
shaped flat frame, wider at front. Folded bronze
sheet fastening plate with 3 rivets and leather
remnants in span. L lot 62 mm. L frame 31
mnirW frame 30 mm. W plate 20 mm. Found
on sin pelvis pointing sin/footwards.
Strap joiner. WKG 1:41:2. 2 slightly irregu-
lar bronze sheet rectangles joined in the cor-
ners by 4 rivets. 21x18 mm. Span 2.5 mm.
Found at dx pelvis.
Strap end mount. WKG 1:4 1:3. Tweezers-
shaped, ending in loop without any traces
of wear. Line and punch ornamented. Held
together by 3 rivets, 1 missing. Leather re-
mains in span. L 88 mm. Max w 20 mm.
Span 1.5 mm. Found in abdominal region
pointing toward dx pelvis.
Knife.WKG 1:41:4. 2badly corroded frags.
Tang in line with blade back. Judging from
the depiction of the one knife shown on the
plan this should be the one found in the dx
abdominal region.
Knife. WKG L4l:5. Fairly well preserved.
Off-set tang. Orig blade I c. 115 mm. Orig I
tot c. 1 75 mm. Found at the S end of the
covering stone layer.
Flint frag. WKG 1:4 1:6. Low quality, prob lo-
cal. Crudely retouched. Found during sie\'ing.
Bhr 1935:06 (GF C8654:3S-36.
ATA4660/I935grave6)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA2209F).
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 250 x 85 x 50-70 cm,
358°. Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation, no bones found.
Amber amulet. Pierced. End cut in two
points. L 23 mm. Found during sieving.
Composite key. Cf WKG 11:210:1-8. Cast
bronze handle with rounded butt-end,
roundedly hexagonal cross-section, tapered
toward an intricate cuff at the base. Vestiges
of iron stem at base. Handle 1 71 mm. Found
in sec pos at E wall.
,29
Bhrl935
Bhr 1935:07 (GF C8654:37^4.
ATA 4660/1 935 grave 7.WKG l:6S)
EKcavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 22I0F).
Ss: None preserved due Co cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 265 x 90 cm, 175°,
with sandstone floor ^labs. Wooden coffin of
similar dimensions indicated by in situ nails
inside^Robbed throughout from pit in N half
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed, head orig
oriented S.
Arm ring. WKG 1:63:3. Open. Flat with cast
cord ornamentation. Max int diam 54 mm.
Found in sin pelvic region.
Animal -head hrooch. Carlsson 198335:50;
type7.1.N;perD.WKGI;68;l.L56.5mm.
Found in sin chest region.
Dtesspin. Rundqvist Nilsson 1990 typeD3,
Late Viking Period. WKG 1:68:2. L 99 mm.
Found in sin shoulder region pointing to-
wards abdominal region.
Amber amulet, WKG 1:68:4. Pierced. End
cut in two points. L 27 mm. Found during
sieving.
2 beads. WKG 1:68:5-6. 1 %lob orange. 1
fglob tluc blue with tropics marked by rovjs
of alternating white with red centres crosses
and white-red -white eyes. 1 found at brooch,
] during sieving.
Pot. Selling 1955:92. Hulthen 1991 #15.
WKG 1:477. 1 6 frags according to Stenberger,
12 found in stores. Incomplete, bottom miss-
ing. Adorned with horizontal lines along
thinned, inward-turned rim. Terracotta-
coloured surface, dark grey core, coarsely tem-
pered, 7 mm thick. Rim diam c. 90 mm.
Found scattered throughout the cist.
21 coffin nails. With wood remains. L 100-
] 20 mm. Found in situ.
Iron frag. Not submitted to GF. Found dur-
ing sieving.
Fossil. Not submitted to GF. Sponge organ-
ism. Found at brooch.
Bhr 1935:08 (GFC8654:4S-66.
ATA 4660/1935 grave S.Trotzig
I 99 1 a: I 89-1 92.WKG l:57a-b)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan [ATA 221 IF) and 2 photo-
graphs.
Ss; None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist 270 x 60 x 60 cm,
133°.
BD: Inhumation, child judging from distance
between teeth and brass bowl^ only teeth pre-
served, head at S end. The stated position of
the teeth correlates very badly with the inter-
nally consistent positions of the artefacts.
Arm ring, WKG I:57a;9. Open. Flat with
cast cord ornamentation and punch orna-
mented ends. Max int diam 62.7 mm.
Found at W side in the mid-S half
Aim ring. WKG 1:57a: 10. Open with over-
lapping ends. Tapered rod with roundedly
rhomboidal cross-section. Max int diam 68
mm. Found at the centre line in the mid-S
half,
3 animal-head brooches. Carlsson 1933
35:51-53: type 7.I.G. 6.4.N & 6.4.N; per
D. L 53.5, 60.5, 60 mm. WKG ]:57a:3, 2, 1 .
2 found at sides in mid-S half, 1 slightlySof
the line between them.
Dress pin. Rundqvist Nilsson 1990 group
B, Late Viking Period. WKG I:57a:6. Ccb
head with edge line ornaments extant on 2
sides. No loop. L 35 mm. Found at E wall
of S end pointing SE.
Dress pin. Rundqvist Nilsson 1990 group
B,LateVikingPeriod.WKGI:57a:7.2frags.
Ccb bronze head, no loop. Iron stem. Ex-
tant 1 76 mm. Found in the mid-S half point-
ing SW/NE.
AmberamQlet,WKGI;57a:4. Pierced. End
cut in two points separated with shallow
groove. Cut from fglob amber bead. L 24
mm. Unknown position.
>30 beads. WKG l:57a;8. Only 25 + 1 foil frag
submitted to GF. 3 bri yellow. 2brl orange. 2
bri white. 2^1ob amber diam 27 & 29.5 mm.
1 bri amber diam IS mm. 1 bri red. 1 bri tluc
green. 1 bri turquoise. 1 bri deep blue. 1 bri
pale blue diam 7.3 mm. 1 bri maroon diam
6.7 mm. ] bri rock crystal diam 23 mm. 1
oblong polyhedral rock-crystal. 1 pumpkin
rock crystal with slightly diagonal grooves
diam 15.5 mnir 1 bri tluc colourless with 2
opposed diagonal green streaks each with a
blue equator segment. I oblong polyhedral
white glossy mineral. 1 amorph-wedge red
diam 21 mm. 1 bri black with 1 + 1 + 1+2 equa-
torial green pupil radial red & white iris eyes.
1 bri tluc dark blje with equatorial yellow &
green specks diam 7.2 mm. 1 bri tluc dark
blue with equatorial red & white streaks. 1
gold foil frag prob from bead. Found with
the paired brooches, except for 4 in SE cor-
ner and 2 in arm ring.
Bronze key. WKG l:57b:13. L-shaped. 3
prongs. Droplet-shaped loop. Unadorned. L
86 mm. Found at point of knife^ pointing S.
Knife. WKG I;57b:17. Fused with leather
sheath with cover mount. Remnants of
wooden handle. Orig 1 blade+tang c. 185
mm. Found in mid-S half pointing N.
Knife butt ring mount. WKG I:57b:l6.
Ribbed staple ring with transversal pin through
the edge line ornamented staple. Pierced curved
tapered punch ornamented bronze sheet strip
frag, orig from staple between ring and pin.
Ext ring diam l4.7 mm. Found with knife.
Knife sheath. WKG I:57b;13. Frag. 2-ply
leather pattern-stitched together with bronze
strip. Strip w 1 mm. Frag 3.5 x 13 mm.
Knife sheath cover mount. WKG I:57b:17.
Wriggle ornamented bronze sheet. Fused
with knife.
Knife slieath ring mount, WKG I:57b:19.
Cast bronze loop with palmetto ornamented
fastening plates and bronze ring. Worn con-
tact-sjrfaces. Remnants of leather sheath in
span. Ext ring diam 15.4 mm. Span 3 mm.
Found with knife.
2 bronze chains. 1 with cylindrical spiral
wire links, deformed through use, 70 x 7 mm
{WKG 1:57b: 12). 1 with s-shaped wire links,
strongly worn contact surfaces, 130 x 5 mm
{WKG l:57b;ll). Found with knife.
Needlecise.WKGI;57b: 14. Iron sheet cyl-
inder wrapped at ends and centre with thin
iron strips. 75 x 1 mm. Unknown position.
Spindlewhorl. WKG I:57b:l5 top view.
WKG 11:213:13 side view. Sandstone with
minute green glauconite specks. Diam 31
mm. Found at W wall of N end.
Brass sheet bowl. Trotzig 1991 a #4. Forshell
1 992:65, table 5-3. WKG r:470b. Frags, rim
intact, complete. Unadorned. Diam 273-277
mm. Height c. 60 mm. Found N of centre.
C. 10 bazel nuts. Found in brass bowl. AMS
radiocarbon date 995±95 BP (Ua-1133,
Trotzig 1991 a; 192), 900-11 70 cal AD (OxCal
3.3> Stuiver et al. 1998).
Wooden stave vessel. WKG I:470c. 7 bot-
tom frags from 5-6 staves, all but one stained
and preserved by green corrosion along the
lower edge. 2-3 of the staves carry parts of
raised sections along the lower edge^ showing
that the vessel had feet. All the frags have a
carved groove for the bottom plate along the
inside, 1 mm from the edge and 1 6-1 3 mm
from the edges of the feet. Textile remains on
the outside of 1 stave. Thickness 9-1 mm.
Extant stave widths 62, 56, 49 mm. Orig
diam 150-200 mm. Found in brass bowl.
Wooden dish. WKG I:470c. 3 frags, each held
together and preser^'ed by a bronze sheet re-
pair mount. Carved out of wood with at least
3 concentric circular grooves on inside of
bottom. All of the mounts seal cracks. 2 are
joint rivets^ rectangular bronze sheets joined
by rivets, 22 x 6 mm {2 ri\'ets) and 33 x 3
mm [3 rivets). 1 mount is folded asymmetri-
cally over the rim of the dish and riveted
through with 2 rivets, at the lower end of the
130
Bhrl935
mount are 2 more rivets holding a rectangu-
lar counter was her. Rim 9 mm thick. Extant
bottom frag 16.5^23 mm thick. Found in-
side the clay pot (one mount) and beside it
[two mounts).
Pot. Selhng 1955:116, Taf 26:1. Hulthen
1991 #10, group X. WKG 1:470a. Baltic
Ware. Frags, complete. Swastika on under-
side. Dark grey; coarsely tempered, 3 mm
thick. Rim diam l60 mm. Base diam 85
mm. Height 1 10 mm. Found at W wall in
mid-N half. Not found in stores.
Bronze ring. WKG l:57a:5. Apparently the
end of an open arm ring (oval cross-section
tapered bronze rod) bent into a smaller ring
with overlapping ends. With iron traces.
Inner diam 13.5 mm. Found beside brass
bowl.
6 iron rivets. WKG I;57b:20. Bronze-sheet-
covered domed heads. Rhomboid counter-
washers. Wood remains. Head diam 1 2 mm.
Span 5-3 mm. Found close together next to
pot.
Bhr 1935:09 (GF C8654:67-7£.
ATA 4660/1935 grave 9.Trotzig
I99la:l92-I95.WKGI:56)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan [ATA 22I2F) and 2 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench c. 320 x 65 x c. 60
cm, 273°, with sporadic sandstone edge slabs
and mixed covering stone layer. Traces of
wooden cotFin of similar dimensions inside.
BD: Inhumation, no bones found, head orig
at W end judging from find positions.
Beard axe heid. WKG 1:56:6. Downward haft
flaps. Orig 1 c. 125 mm, Orig edge w c. 30
mm. Found at the middle of the S side, edge
N^ haft orig pointing W
Penanniilar brooch, Carlsson 1933 35:43;
typeFAC:Sore:bll; per C/D. WKG 1:56:1.
Diam 35 mm. Found at the W end.
Brass sheet howl. Trotzig 1991a #5. WKG
1:469a. Ornamented interior, Diam 304-31 6
mm. Height 70 mm. Found in E half.
2 beads. WKG 1:56:2-3. 1 brl amber, diam
20.6 mm. 1 brl red. Found in brass bowl.
Wooden box. WKG 1:56:S. Rectangular
with cut corners. Cut from a single piece of
wood. Remnants of thin wooden lid with a
handle on at least one end (WKG 1:56:9). L
1 02 mm, w 45 mm. Extant height 1 7 mm.
Found in brass bowl.
Hazel niits- Found in brass bowl.
Copper sheet pot. Trotzig 199 la #6. Forshell
1992:65. table 5-S. WKG 1:469b. Fraes.
Composite. Unadorned. Vertical walls, hori-
zontally turned-out 7 mm rim. 2 opposed
simple mounts beneath rim, possibly for a
handle (repair according to Trotzig). Ext rim
diam 124 mm. Height 76 mm. Found im-
mediately W of brass bowl-
2 wooden spatdie. WKG 1:56:4-5. 1 blade
frag, 1 intact but for missing butt. Broom-
shaped. LS3mm. W20& 17 mm. Found
in copper pot.
Pine bark dish. WKG 1:56:7. Round dish cut
from pine bark. Vertical ext sides, inward-slop-
ing int sides. Diam 66 mm. Height 17 mm.
Found in copper pot.
Coffin wood frags. Well-preserved beneath
metal vessels. Partly post-depositionally dis-
torted and moulded over the stones on the
bottom of the trench. Fused with textile
frags, coarse twill. Largest frag 210x90 mm.
Max extant thickness 20 mm.
Bhr 1935:10 (ATA 4660/I93S
grave I 0)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 1 BO x 70 x 60 cm, c,
0°. Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation, no bones found.
No finds.
Bhr 1935:11 (SHM 21242:1 I. GF
Dep I 393.ATA 4660/1 935 grave II.
WKG 1:40)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2213F) and 2 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench, c. 0°. S end cut away
by gravel pit.
BD: Inhumation, only skull and upper arms
preserved. Head turned dx oriented N. Sev-
eral arm bone and skull frags including teeth
kept with artefacts.
Box-shaped brooch. WKG 1:40:1 top view
WKG 11:54:3 top & side view. Thunmark-
Nylen 1983 fig. 21, type D 4. Cast in one
piece. 4 top^ectors each framing a curled-up
gripping-beast. Gilded. Worn. Repaired^
original pin hinge broken off and a new com-
posite hinge soldered in place, loose but ex-
tant. Max ext diam 56 mm. Found at neck.
2 animal-head brooches. Carlsson 19S3
35:8-9; both type 5.3.N; per C. WKG
I:40:2-3. Each with a hole drilled through
the base-plate at opposite sides, holding a
bronze wire hnk. L57.5 & 58.5 mm. Found
at shoulders.
2 dress pins. Rundqvist Nilsson 1990 type
A6, Late Viking Period. WKG 1:40:4-5- L
75 & 70 mm. 1 found in pelvic region point-
ing dx/footward, 1 at neck pointing dx/
he ad ward.
3 bronze spiral beads. WKG 1:40:7. 2 in-
tact + 2 frags. Made from flattened bronze
strip. 25 X 4 mm. Found in chest region.
8 beads. WKG 1:40:6. 1 brl red. 1 brl due
blue. 1 bicon white. 1 pumpkin blue. 1 brl
amber. 1 brl fossil crinoid stalk segment, 1
brl tluc blue with white pseudo-latitudinal
streaks and white-red-white irregular equator.
1 brl eroded blue with white latitudinal
streaks. Found inchest region and during siev-
ing.
Utensil brooch, WKG I:40:8. Cast round
openwork with 9 protrusions. Stamp orna-
mented. Strongly worn contact surfaces. 4
chains (WKG 1:40:9-12), s-shaped links,
strongly worn contact surfaces, holding
tweezers^ iron ring frag from knife, prob orig
key, and ear spoon. Ear spoon chain broken
into 4 pieces. Brooch diam 34 mm between
protrusions. Chains c. 255 x 6 mm. Found
in chest region with chains curved to ab-
dominal region.
Tweezers. WKG I:40:13. Cut from bronze
sheet. Slightly ridged cross-section. Pointed
end. 63 X 5 mm. Fastened to utensil brooch
by chain.
Ear spoon. WKG 1:40:15. Cast bronze. Flat
droplet-shaped head w^th geometrical orna-
mentation. 73 X 1 6 mm. Fastened to utensil
brooch by chain.
Bronze key. WKG I:40: l4. L-shaped. Drop-
let-shaped loop with 4 ccb knobs. 3 prongs.
Punch ornamented. L 78 mm. Prob orig fas-
tened to utensil brooch by chain. Found at
knife.
Knife. 2 badly corroded frags. Orig fastened
to utensil brooch by chain. Found in ab-
dominal region.
Knife handle. Cf WKG 11: 179:6b. 3 wooden
frags. 2.5-3.5 mm wide transversal depressions
cut into the wood at 2 mm intervals. Bot-
toms of depressions covered with fine paral-
lel grooves, 2.5 grooves per mm, prob from
vanished metal wire twining. Part of handle
free from depressions but covered with lon-
gitudinal fine grooves of the same kind as
those in the depressions. Found with knife.
Knife sheath edge mount, WKG 1:40:16.
Wri^led double bronze sheet mount with
ornamental staircase cuts along edge. Held
together with 6 rivets^ 2 missing. 2 round
string/strap holes 47 & 54 mm from lower
end. Iron ring frag in upper hole. L 1 07 mm.
Bhrl935
W ! 1 mm. Found with knifcr
Nail- WKG 1:40: 1 7. With wood remains. L
40 mm. Found in chest region.
Bhr I93S:I2(GF C86S4:77 -78, 80-81.
ATA 4660/1935 grave I 2.WKG 1:73)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 22I4F).
Ss; None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist c. 230 x c. 60 x 75
cm, 189°. S half robbed.
BD: Inhumation, badiv decayed. Head orig
oriented S.
Beard axe head, WKG 1:73:1. Downward and
upward haft flaps. Orig I c, 110 mm. Orig
edge w Cr 70 mm. Found at dx side pointing
toward body with haft pointing footward.
Comb. WKG 1:73:4. Eroded frag. Appar-
ently even orig unadorned. 3 bronze rivets
preserved. Found at knife.
Knife- \CXG 1:73:3. Fused with remnants of
leather sheath with cover mount. Tang+blade
1 c. 105 mm. Found near the middle of the E
wall.
Knifebutt ring mount, WKG 1:73:2. Ribbed
staple ring with transversal pin through the
hne ornamented staple. Pierced brotize sheet
strip fragon staple directly below staple loop.
Ext ring diam 1 8 mm. Found at knife.
Knife sbeath cover mount. WKG 1:73:3.
Wriggle ornamented bronze sheet. Fused
with knife.
Pot, Hulthen 1991 #14. Reconstructed. Al-
most cylindrical, slightly turned-out rim.
Featureless under-side. Rim diam 140 mm.
Base diam 1 10 mm. Height 100 mm. Found
in NW corner.
Bhr I93S:I3 (GF C86S4:79. 82-84.
ATA 4660/1935 grave I 3.WKG 1:72)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2215F).
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist 270 x 50 x 70 cm,
182°. S end prob robbed.
BD: Inhumation, almost completely de-
cayed. Head prob orig oriented S judging
from find positions.
Gomb. Tempel 1969 #10i>4. WKG 1:72:4.
Eroded^ partly reconstructible. 1 ornate end-
plate partly preserved. 7 bronze rivets. Found
N of pot.
4 bronze keys, WKG 1:72:1-3. L-shaped
with droplet-shaped loops and 3 prongs
each. 2 with polyhedral cuffs between the
loop and the stem. With leather strap rem-
nants and 3 bronze wire rings {WKG 1:72:3,
6)^ indicating that they were orig joined to-
gether. L 84, 91. 91 mm. Strap w 2.5 mm.
Fojnd pointing S in S half of cist near E
side. 1 key not found in stores.
Spindlewhorl. WKG 1:72:5 top view WKG
11:213:20 side view. Sponge-fossil hmestone.
Diam 32 mm. Height 22.5 mm. Found near
pot.
Pot. Selling 1955:1 17> Taf 26:10. Hulthen
1991 #1 1, group X. WKG 1:481. Baltic Ware.
Reassembled. Turned-out rim. neck, shoulder.
sharply slanting sides. Terracotta-coloured ext
surface, black int surface, coarsely tempered, 5
mm thick. Horizontal lines on shoulder. Swas-
tika on under-side. Rim diam 125 mm. Max
diam l40 mm. Base diam 70 mm. Height 110
mm. Found at N end of W side.
Bhr 1935:14 (GF C8654:85-89.
ATA 4660/1 93S grave 14)
Excavated by Marten Stenbe^er.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist 355 x 90 x 30 cm
(ext dimensions), c. 203°. Robbed through-
out.
BD: Inhumation, no bones found. Head
prob orig oriented S judging from brooch
position.
Silver finger ring, 2 frags, complete. Open.
Tapered rod. Round cross -sect ion. Max int
diam 17 mm. Found in sieve.
Animal-bead brooch. Carlsson 19S3 35:54;
type 7.9. L; per D. L 52.5 mm. Found inSE
corner.
3 beads. 2 fragmentary "rock beads", prob
limestone. 1 brl tlucbluewdth pale blue polar
caps, surface covered with white, red and
yellow 2x2 groups of eyes. Only the paste
bead submitted to GF. Unknown positions.
Pot. 13 frags, reconstructed. Turned -out rim.
shoulder, slanting sides. Brownish grey,
coarsely tempered. Rim diam 85 mm. Height
76 mm. Found strewn throughout the cist.
Wooden dish. 2 edge frags, both held together
and preservedby bronze sheet repair mounts.
The mounts. 2 on one frag and 1 on the other,
are rectangles nailed over cracks, with pins
made from rolled-up bronze sheet, onto the
surface of the wood. 3 horizontal grooves
along the rim on the outside. Orig height c.
30 mm. 1 1.5 mm thick. Found "in separate
positions" on the cist floor.
Bhr I936:IS(SHM 21 540:1 S.
ATA 3719/1936 grave 15)
Excavated by Marten Stenbe^er
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2216F) and 2 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is; Igneous drystone cist hned with sand-
stone slabs 250 X 50 X c. 75 cm, 187°, with
sandstone lid flakes and floor flakes. Wooden
coffin of similar dimensions indicated by in
situ nails inside. Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation, no bones found. Head
prob orig oriented S judging from brooch
position.
Penannular brooch. Garlsson 1988 35:24'
type FAC:S A'^ ore:a II; perD. Diam 35 mm.
Found in S half
8 coffin nails. Frags with wood remains.
Found in situ.
L-on frag. Found in N half
Bhr 1936:16 (5HM 21540:16.
ATA 3719/1936 grave 16)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2217F) and 2 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist lined with sandstone
flakes 250 x 45 x c. 6O cm, 184°, with sand-
stone lid flakes and sporadic sandstone floor
flakes. Wooden coffin of similar dimensions
indicated byinsitu nails inside. S half robbed.
BD: Inhumation, no bones found. Head
prob orig oriented S judging from find po-
sitions.
Animal -head brooch. Carlsson 198335:10-
type 5.2.G; per C. L 58.5 mm. Found at S
end.
3 heads. 1 cyl green. 1 bri black with large
white spots and turquoise equator edged on
both sides with thin red. 1 ccb with crowded
black-white-red -orange-green eyes. 2 found
at S end, 1 in unknown position.
Sewing needle, WKG Il;2l4:l6. Found at
Send.
Pot. Frags. Turned -out rim^ neck, bulb, turned
out bottom-edge, flat bottom. Goarsely tem-
pered, terracotta-coloured, 5.4 mm thick Rim
diam c. 1 10 mm. Found in N half
1 5 coffin nails. Frags. Gross-section square
with cut corners. Orig I 1 10-130 mm. Found
in situ.
Bhr 1936:17 (SHM 2I540:I7.ATA
3719/1936 grave I 7.WKG 1:87)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2218F).
Ss; None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 285 x 90 x 75 cm,
187°, with sandstone end slabs.
BD: Inhumation, almost completely de-
cayed. Head at S end.
132
Bhrl936
Bronze finger ring. WKG I:S7:2. Open.
Wriggled bronze sheet. M:ix inc di^m 22
mm. Found in N\C corner.
Animal -head hrooch. Carl^son 198335:1 1;
type 6.5.N; per D. WKG 1:37:1. WKG
ri:l4:3. L 60 mm. Found in neck region.
Dress pin, Rundquist Nikson 1990 type
Clb, Lace Viking Period. WKG 1:37:3. L
102 mm. Found in neck region pointing
toward dx shoulder.
Bhr 1936:18 (SHM 21540:18.
ATA 3719/1936 grave 18)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan and section (ATA2219F).
Ss: None preserved due to cuhivation.
Is: Cremation pit. Diam 90 cm. Depth 17
cm.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1936:19 (SHM 21 540:1 9.ATA
3719/1936 grave I9.WKGI:86)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan [ATA 2220F) and 3 photo-
graphs.
Ss; None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist 270 x c. 40 x c. 65
cm, 284°^ with sandstone end slabs and lid
flakes.
BD: Inhumation adult, extended on bach,
partly decayed, head at W end, 284°.
Beard axe head. WKG 1:36:5. Corroded
protrjsion on lower side. Upward and down-
ward haft flaps. Remains of wooden handle.
L 1 15 mm. Edge w c. 70 mm. Found dx of
skull, edge towards head, haft orig pointing
footward.
Penanniilaj hrooch, Carlsson 1933 35:25;
type FAQS rom:b II; early per D. WKG
1:86:1. Diam 52 mm. Found in dx chest re-
gion.
Strap end mount. WKG 1:36:2. Urnes style
animal head. L33.5 mm. Unknown position.
Knife, WKG 1:86:4. Fused with remains of
leather sheath with cover mount. Marked
blade back offset. Blade I c. 1 10 mm. Found
dx of pelvic region.
Knife sheath cover mount. WKG 1:86:4.
Wriggle ornamented bronze sheet. Fused
with knife.
Knife sheath ring mount. WKG 1:86:3. Cast
palmetto mount with 2 rivets. Strongly worn
ring. Mount span 3.5 mm. Found with
knife.
Pot. SeUing 1955:116. Hjlthen 1991 #29,
group X fig. la. WKG 1:487. Baltic Ware.
Swastika on under-side. Rim diam 105 mm.
Base diam 75 mm. Height 80 mm. Found
in SE corner.
Iron (rag. WKG 1:86:6. Unknown function.
55 K 21 X 9 mm. Found in sin chest region.
Bhr I 936:20 (SHM 21 540:20.
ATA 3719/1936 grave 20)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA2221F) and photograph.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist lined with sand-
stone slabs 295 X 65 X c. 60 cm, 1 86°, with
sandstone lid flakes. Possible wooden coffin
indicated by in situ nails. S half robbed.
BD: Inhumation, no bones found. Headprob
orig oriented S judging from pot position.
Iron chain frags. 6 links. Link size 13 x 9 x
5 mm. Prob found at N end.
Knife. Frags. Marked sharpening wear. Off-
set tang. Found at N end.
Iron casket handle. WKG 11:276:2. 2 frags,
complete. Rolled-up terminals. Found at N
end.
Iron sheet lock mount. Frags. With wood re-
mains and holes. Found at N end.
Spindlewhorh WKG 11:213:24. Limestone.
Found at pot.
Pot, Frags. Turned-out rim, neck, bulb, turned
out bottom-edge, flat bottom. Coarsely tem-
pered, terracotta-coloured, 4.9 mm thick. Rim
diam c. 135 mm. Found inN half
3 nails. Frags. Found at sides in S half
Bhr 1936:21 (SHM 2I540:2I.ATA
3719/1936 grave 2I.WKG 1:78)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2222F).
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 270 x 1 lOx c. 50 cm
(surface dimensions), 182°. S end robbed.
BD: Inhumation, extended on back, badly
decayed, head at S end.
Beard axe head. WKG 1:78:10. L 105 mm.
Edge w c. 70 mm. Found in sec pos in SE
corner.
2 beads. WKG 1:73:4-5. 1 bri red. 1 eroded
fglob green. Found in pelvic region.
Strap buckle- \C^G 1:78: 1 . Highly ornate. On
the back-side 2 cast pins joined by 1
counter washer and 1 rivet with counter washer.
Tongue missing. L44.5 mm. Strap w l6mm.
Rivet span 2 mm. Found in dx pelvic region.
10 ornamental strap mounts, WKG 1:78:3.
Chevron-shaped. W 13 mm. Found in pel-
vic region.
Strap joiner, WKG 1:78:2 & 7. Openwork
ring with 2 rivets and leather strap frags.
Diam 29 mm. Strap w 6 mm. Found in dx
pelvic region.
Comb. WKG 1:78:11. 1 frag. Single-piece
double-sided comb. Unknown position.
Knife. WKG 1:78:6. 3 frags. Fused with
handle and leather scabbard. Found in cen-
tral pelvic region.
Pot.Selhng 1955:1 16. Taf 26:4, erroneously
attributed to Bhr 1936:24. Hulthen 1991
#12, fig. lb. Baltic Ware. Turned-out rim,
neck, rounded shoulder, in ward -sloping sides,
concave bottom. Decorated with a wide belt
of closely set horizontal lines on and below
shoulder, delimited upward by a line of short
transversals. Rim diam 125 mm. Height 110
mm. Found at feet. Kept in the GF and erro-
neously labelled "21540:24".
2 bronze sheet ftags, WKG 1:78:12-13.
Found in sin pelvic region.
Bhr 1936:22 (SHM 2I540:22.ATA
3719/1936 grave 22.Trotzig
I99la:l96-I98.WKGI:79)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA2223F) and photograph.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 290 x 70 x S5 cm,
271°, with traces of wooden coffin of simi-
lar dimensions. W half robbed.
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed, head
turned dx, at W end.
Strap buckle. WKG 1:79: 1 . 3 cast pins on back-
side. Tongue missing. L 45 mm. Strap w l4
mm. Rivet span 2 mm. Found in pelvic region.
3 ornamental strap mounts, 2 identical
heart-shaped, w 15 mm [WKG 1:79:2-3). 1
indistinctly chevron-shaped, w 10 mm
(WKG 1:79:4). Found in pelvic region.
Brass sheet howl. Trotzig 199 la #7. Forshell
1992:65, table 5-8. WKG 1:482b. Orna-
mented interior. Diam 306-313 mm. Height
79-87 mm. Found at E end.
Woodenbox. WKG 1:79:6. Rectangular with
sloping ends. Cut from a single piece of wood.
Thin wooden lid held in place by 2 leather
straps. Base 1 132 mm, w38 mm. Height 37
mm. Strap w 5-7 mm. Found in brass bowl.
Pot, Selling 1955:116, Taf 26:12, errone-
ously attributed to Bhr 1936:21. Hulthen
1991 #27. group X, fig. la. WKG 1:482a.
Baltic Ware. Swastika on under-side. Rim
diam l65 mm. Base diam 90 mm. Height
125 mm. Found sin of feet.
Wood frag. WKG 1:79:5. Pierced by bronze
rivet with bronze sheet counter washer. Un-
known position.
Coffin wood frags.
Leather frags. Unknown position.
,33
Bhrl936
Bhr 1936:23 (SHM 21540:23.
ATA 3719/1936 grave 23)
Escavated by Marten Scenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2224F).
Ss: None preserved due Co cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystonecisc 250 x 60 x c. 55 cm,
191°, with sandstone end slabs and lid slab.
Wooden coffin of similar dimensions indi-
cated by in situ nails inside. S half robbed.
BD:Inhijniatiofi^ no bones found. Head prob
orig at S end judging from pot position.
Bronze joint tivet. Frags. 2 bronze strips
joined by 2 rolled-sheet rivets. Well-preserved
wood in span. Thinner strip ornamented with
wriggled lines. Strips orig33 x 15 &33x 11
mm. Rivet span 15 mm. Found at N end.
Bronze joint tivet. Intact. 2 bronze strips
joined by 2 rolled-sheet rivets. Longer strip
ornamented with wriggled lines. Well pre-
served wood frags orig from span kept in box.
Strips 39 X II &37x 11 mm. Rivet span l4
mm. Found at N end.
Iron hinge. 2 frags. Pierced iron sheet with
neatly rolled up end to hold axis. W 28 mm.
Found near pot.
Pot. Baltic Ware. No close parallels in WKG
orRoslund 2001. Frags, incomplete. Vertical
rim with inward -slanting top surface. Con-
cave base. Deep 1 mm wide horizontal fjr-
rows with oblique hatching at their bottoms
resembling cord impressions. Red surface,
grey core, coarsely tempered, 5.5 mm thick.
Basediam 70 mm. Found at E wall inN half
12 coffin nails. With wood remains. Found
in situ.
Iron strip frags. Curved. W S mm. Found
near pot.
Bhr 1936:24 (SHM 21540:24.
ATA 3719/1936 grave 24)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2225F) and photograph.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist 300 x c. 60 x c. 70
cm, 184°, with sandstone (S) and igneous
(N) end slabs. S half robbed.
BD: Inhumation^ badly decayed, head ori-
ented S.
Beard axe head. Corroded protrusion on lower
side. L 100 mm. Edge w67 mm. Found at the
middle of theWwall, edgeN.
Bead, 1 brl red. Found dx of shoulder re-
gion.
Pot, Hulthen 1991 #34, group X. WKG
11:281:3. Baltic Ware. Reassembled. Swas-
tika on under-side. Rim diam 120 mm. Base
diam 90 mm. Height 1 15 mm. Found at N
end.
Bhr I 936:2S (SHM 21 540:2S.
ATA 3719/1936 grave 25.
Trotzig I 99 1 a: I 99-20 1)
Excavated by Marten Stenbe^er.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA2226F) and photograph.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist 235 x 45 x c. 70
cm, 273°, with sandstone end slabs and lid
slabs. Remnants of wooden coffin inside. W
half robbed.
BD: Inhumation, completely decayed. Head
prob orig at W end judging from find posi-
tions. 2 worn teeth kept with finds.
5 ornamental strip mounts. WKG 11:140:13.
Butterfly-shaped. W 15 mm. Found during
sieving of fill.
Leatliet pouch, WKG II: 142:6. Frags. Well-
preserved single-piece pouch with perforated
edge holding thin strap tied with reef-knot.
No metal contents shown on X-ray photo-
graph (WKG IV p. 247). Interpreted by
Trotzig as a shoe. Fused with several frags of
the finer textile fabric. Found at brass bowl.
Knife. Handle and tang missing. Encased
in well-preserved leather sheath with cover
mount. Found at the middle of the N wall.
Knife sheath cover mount. Bronze sheets
apparently unadorned. Textile remains in
corrosion. Fused with knife.
Brass slieet bowl. Trotzig 1 991 a#8. Forshell
1992:65, table 5-8. Unadorned. Diam 298-
304 mm. Height 70-75 mm. Found in E
half.
Pot. Selling 1955:116. Hulthen 1991 #25,
groupX, fig. la. WKG 11:233:1. Bahic Ware.
Frags. Swastika on under-side. Rim diam
120 mm. Base diam 80 mm. Height 1 10
mm. Found at E end.
Ironnaih Frag. Coffin-style. Head diam 30
mm. Max stem w9 mm. Found during siev-
ing of fill.
Coffin wood frags.
Textile frags. Coarse woollen twill (WKG
11:289:10), 3.14 threads/cm. 1 frag c. 80x60
mm and large amounts of loose threads and
decayed fabric. Fine twill [WKG 11:289:11).
se\'eral smaller frags. Found at brass bowl.
Bhr I 936:26 (SHM 21 540:26.
ATA 3719/1936 grave 26)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger
Picdoc: 2 plans (ATA 2227F & 2228F) and
2 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist c. 225 x 50 s c. S5
cm, 2ir.SW half robbed.
BD: Inhumation, adult, extended on back^
badly decayed, head orig at SW end.
Beard axe head. Badly corroded protrusion
on lower side. Coarse well-preserved twill on
both sides. L 130 mm, Orig edge w 95 mm.
Found in abdominal region pointing sin
with haft remains stuck under belt pointing
footwards.
2 penannular hrooches. Carlsson 1988
35:26-27: type FAQS/V ore:a 11 & FACS
rom:b 11; per D & early per D. Diam 35 &
48 mm. Found in sin chest region.
Leather bell. Found in sit j in lower abdomi-
nal region with mounts in place. Lifted with
a block of soil which was still intact in May
1995, restricting cojnts to visible mounts.
Strap buckle- Cf WKG n:127:10. Separate
cross-bars for tongue and strap mount. Fron-
tal protrusion on frame. Bronze strip strap
mount bent over cross bar and riveted in cor-
ners. Leather remains in span. Remains of iron
tongue. Strap w 16 mm.
>32 bell lamellae- Bronze sheet. 15 x 5-6
mm. An unknown number buried in soil
block.
>=3 ornamental strap mounts. Butterfly-
shaped. Ornamented. W 16 mm.
2 ornamental strap mounts. Che^Ton-shaped.
Diffusely ornamented. W 9 mm. Found in
prob sec pos at upper dx femur.
Bronze sheet mount. Unadorned. 4 rivets
in corners. 16x13 mm.
Strap joiner. Bronze ring with 2 folded trap-
ezoid bronze strip strap fasteners ( 1 broken)
and 1 cast palmetto animal-head strap fas-
tener, cf. WKG 11:137:16-19, 138:2-9. Ring
diam 28 mm. Found on belt.
Bronze sheet loop mount- 2 frags. Folded
over leather, rounded loop, and riveted in
corners. Wriggled ornament. Found during
sieving. L 22 mm.
Comb- Frags, 5 grip rib + 2 tooth plate. Pre-
served by bronze corrosion. Paired and tripled
transversal lines. Found at belt.
Knife. 3 reassembled frags. Well-preserved
wooden handle and leather sheath with cover
mount. Bronze cuff at blade base. Ring and
loop mounts found at handle butt. Found at
dx side of belt and in sec pos along dx side.
Bronze knife handle cuff. Line ornament.
Fjsed with knife and almost completely hid-
den by sheath remains.
Knife butt tingmount.Cf WKG ILl 81: 11;
187:6, 8. Wriggle ornamented bronze sheet.
Profiled staple. Ring missing. Found at knife
butt.
Knife sheath cover mount. Wri^le orna-
mented bronze sheet. Fused with knife.
Bronze sheet loop mount. Droplet-shaped.
Folded over leather and riveted. Prob from
134
Bhrl936
knife sheath. L 21 mm. Found at belt.
Mmiaiiirepoi. Selling 1955:201, Taf 64:6.
Simple, thick-walled, slightly biconical ves-
sel with a rounded base. Medium-finely tem-
pered, dark grey core, terracotta surface. H
70 mm. Max w 60 mm. Found at sin lower
leg.
6 btoiize rivets. With wood frags. Span 9
mm. Head diam c. 10 mm. Found during
sieving of cist fill.
Bhr 1936:27 (ATA 3719/1936
grave 27)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist c. 230 x c. 60 x 55-
60 cm, c. 23°. Robbed throughout and dam-
aged.
BD: Inhumation, no bones found.
No fmds.
Bhr 1936:28 (SHM 21540:28.
ATA 3719/1936 grave 28)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan and section (ATA 2229F).
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pit partly lined with sandstone
slabs, wood vestiges at bottom. Diam 45 cm.
Depth c. 40 cm.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1936:29 (SHM 21540:29.
ATA 3719/1936 grave 29)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan and section (ATA 2230F).
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pit lined with stones. Diam
c. 30 cm. Depth 27 cm.
BD: Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1936:30 (SHM 21540:30.
ATA 3719/1936 grave 30)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pit. Diam c. 50 cm. Depth
23 cm.
BD; Cremation.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1936:31 (GF C8697)
Found by truck driver Josef Pettersson of
Havdhem and road worker Harry Olofsson
of Kauparve in Grotlingbo in the autumn
of 1935, during gravel extraction at the west
side of the Kaldaker gravel pit, c. 100 m W
of the road and 250 m S of the parish bor-
der. According to the finders the objects fell
into the pit roughly at the same time, but
nothing had been visible above ground^ no
bones were noticed, and the finds were said
to have been lying only 15 cm below ground
surface. Collected by Stenberger via O.V.
Ohlssonin 1936 (ATA 2052/1936).
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is:?
BD: Inhumation.
3 arm rings. KHN type Q3e. Cf VZG
153U1532, perVlI:3. Open. Square cross-
section bronze rod. Cast spiral ridges. 1 with
flatly tapered ends. Max int diam 50, 53 &
55 mm.
Armring. KHN type Q3a.Cf VZG 1546.
per\''ll:3. Open. Punch ornamented bronze
sheet. Max int diam 62 mm.
Disc brooch. KHN typel2.Cf. VZG 1384,
per VII :3. Well-preserved. Unadorned edges.
Vestiges of iron pin. Diam 4l.5 mm. Edge
thickness 5.S mm.
Proto- animal -he ad brooch. KHN type G4b.
Cf VZG 1346-1349, per VII:3. Cast line
ornament. Uncommonly wide foot. Round
eye-holes drilled into the model. Damaged
between eyes. Remnants of iron pin set in
hole through upper edge, no axis. 33.5 x 27.4
mm.
Dress pin. VZG l432, per V1I:3. KHN type
P2. Mushroom head crowning pierced
rhomboid plate. 3-line cross. Frag.
6 bronze bracteates. Montelius 1869 type
E. All from the same stamp. 3 with loops
and riveted T-shaped wire ornaments, 3 with
traces of lost loops but no rivet holes. Diam
52,47,47,41,41,36 mm.
20 fisli-head pendants, KHN type S2g2. Cf
VZG 1493, per V1I:3. 13 intact + 4 dam-
aged (5 frags) found in stores. L 23 mm.
26beads. Petrel984 typeP4. 4brlgreen. 2
bri blue. 2 bri white. 2 bri red. 2 oblong
polyhedral green. 2brl white with 2 tlucblue
eyes diam 5 mm. 2 bri green diam 5 mm. 1
bri orange. 1 bri pale blue. 1 bri blue diam 5
mm. 1 bri orange diam 5 mm. 1 oblong pale
blue. 1 bri white with 3 equatorial blue pu-
pil white-red iris eyes. 1 box-shaped white
with thin red tropics diam 4 mm. 1 box-
shaped white with pale blue-red-pale blue
equator diam 5.5 mm. 1 dcon blue with
white-red -white equator. 1 bri red with al-
ternating red pupil white-blue-white iris eyes
and tluc blue rectangles with radial yellow
bursts.
Bronze key VZG l622, perVII:3.
Bronze key VZG 1625, perVII:3.
Bronze key. Cf VZG 1 625, per VII:3. Iden-
tical but with dot-circle punch ornaments
and more line ornaments.
Knife. Frag. Fused with remnants of leather
sheath with punch ornamented bronze sheet
cover mount.
Knife. 2 frags, flt together. Central tang with
wood remains.
Needle case. Bronze sheet tube with vestiges
of solder for central loop and end cuffs.
Plugged with organic remains. Extant 1 72
mm.
Bhr 1937:31 (SHM 2I88C.
ATA 3780/1937 grave 31)
Excavated by Marten Stenberger.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2231F).
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist, origl >190 cm, 175°.
W side collapsed into gravel pit.
BD: Inhumation, extended on sin side, badly
decayed, head at S end.
Arm ring, WKG II;15S:5. Open. Found in
front of chest region.
Animal-head htooch. Carlsson 198335:12;
type 6.4. N; per D. L 6l mm. Found at top
of skull.
3 beads, 1 bri pale yellow. 1 polyhedral rock
crystal. 1 fg;lob white with red intersecting
belts. Found during sieving of collapsed de-
posits.
Knife. Frags. Found during sieving of col-
lapsed deposits.
Sewing needle- WKG 11:214:17. Bronze.
Found at top of skull.
Bronze vessel handle, 'WKG 11:276:1.
Found by a workman in collapsed deposits.
Pot. Selling 1955:125. Hulthen 1991 #26,
group X fig 1 a. WKG 11:280:6. Baltic Ware.
Swastika on under-side. Rim diam 115 mm.
Base diam 70 mm. Height 30 mm. Found
in front of lower legs.
Bronze sheet frag. Bent. Found during siev-
ing of collapsed deposits.
Charcoal. Found during sieving of collapsed
deposits.
Bhr 1938:01a (GF C89I3.ATA
I 824/1 938. Raa Grotlingbo SO)
Excavated by Erik Bohrn.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2185F) and 6 photo-
graphs.
Ss: Mixed stone setting with kerb. Orig diam
>6.3 m. Central robber pit. W edge cut by
quarry. N edge cut away through cultivation.
Secondary cover of clearance stones.
,35
Bhrl938
Is: 2 off-centre inhumations (a & b). a: OfF-
centre (NW) sandstone slab cist, int w c, 55
cm, 8°. Robbed throughout. N end cut away
through cultivation.
BD: Inhumation, disturbed, head orig ori-
ented N. Bones re-interred at the site by the
excavator.
Beadr 1 oblong polyhedral blue, 15 x 3.5
mm. Found in sec pos.
Strap mount, Cf AEG 408, per V:]. Handle-
like. Rectangularly U-shaped, line orna-
mented. 4 rivets. 47 x 52 mm. Rivet span
2.5-3 mm. Found in sec pos.
Strip mount. Semi -cylindrical, edge line or-
naments at ends, 2 rivet holes, 1 extant bronze
rivet. 21.5 x6mm. Span 1 mm. Found in sec
pos.
Iron key. 2 frags, no fit. Curved. Loop at
end. 1 extant prong. Found in sec pos.
Iron lock case. 2 frags. With wood remains.
Front 1 c. 40 mm. Extant w 42 mm. Found
in sec pos.
KnlJe, Frag. Central tang. Remains of wooden
handle. Found in sec pos. Another frag found
among bones in 1999.
Iron frag. Polygonal flat tapered piece with
longitudinalwood fibre. Tang from yet another
knife? 400 k 230 mm. Found in sec pos.
Iron frag. Rustbubble on base with a straight
edge. Found in sec pos.
Bhr l938:0lb(GFC89l3.
ATA 1824/1938. RaaGrotlingbo 50)
Excavated by Erik Bohrn.
Picdoc:2plans(ATA2185F&2186F)and
8 photographs.
Ss: See 1938:01a.
Is: 2 off-centre inhumations (a & bj. b: Off-
centre (E) shallow inhumation trench, 335°,
with mixed sporadic edge stones.
BD: Inhumation extended on back, head
turned sin, sin arm at side, dx arm on abdo-
men. 335°.
Sword. Badly corroded frag. One of the two
breaks shows that the blade has been bent.
Found in sieve.
2 silver arm rings. Cf. AEG 375, per V; 1 .
Gotldndskt AtJsiv 1 1:107 fig. 1. Open, over-
lapping ends, 1.25 re\'5. Punch ornamented.
Found on wrists.
Silver fibula. Cf. AEG 338, per V:I.
Gotland skt Arkiv 11:108 fig. 2. Returned
foot. Found on dx femur. L 44 mm. W42
mm.
Fibula. Cf AEG 337, per V:l. GotiMnilikt
Arkw 1 1 ; ] 08 fig. 3. 4 frags, knobs and part
of foot missing. Bow with rhomboid cross-
section. Returned foot. Iron axis. Orig I 60
mm. Found at spine, beneath back.
FibiJa. Cf AEG 337. per V: 1 . GotlauMtArkiv
1 1:108 fig. 3. 3 frags, 1 knob missing. Identi-
cal to the abovementioned but with hexago-
nal bow cross-section. L 52 mm. Found at
spine, beneath back
5 beads. Goti^fi7MlAii:ivn.lQ9£ig.4. 1 bri
tlucgreen with 2 intersecting wavy white equa-
torial belts, diam21.5 mm, cf VWG 455. 1
brI black with wavy white equator^ diam 19.3
mm, cf AEG 359, per Vl:l, VWG 455. 1 brI
turquoise with chequered (3 x 3) yeltow-red-
white mosaic squares, diam 21 .5 mm. I ring-
shaped, diam c. 4 mm, not found in stores. 1
ring-shaped, diam o 3 mm, not found in stores.
All found in sieve, except the black one which
was found at the knee on the dx side.
Strap buckle. Rectangular iron frame, iron
tongue, bent-over bronze sheet fastening
mount. 2 rivet holes in corners, 1 extant
rivet. Frame 31 x 23 mm. Strap w 27 mm.
Found dx of pelvis.
Bird bones? Found in sieve.
Bhr l939:0la,b,c(SHM 22359.
ATA 3035/1939)
Excavated by Holger Arbman.
Picdoc: Plan & section (ATA 480F) and 4
photographs.
Ss: Gravel and sandstone mound. Diam orig
5-6 m. Height 70 cm. N half cut away by
gravel pit.
Is: Sandstone and limestone slab cist 230 x
c. 90 X c. 55 cm, 1 °, with limestone lid slabs
and mixed top cairn. N half repeatedly
robbed.
BD: 3 consecutive, partly disturbed and
mixed burials.
a. Inhumation, destroyed from knees
headwards^ head oriented N. Sealed with
5-7 cm of sand and gravel.
b. Central cremation layer, 100 x 80 x
5-8 cm, on top of a. Deposited after first
disturbance of a.
c. Inhumation, destroyed from knees
headwards, feet strangely missings head
pointing N, on top ofb.
Burial a:
2 button clasp pairs. 2 hooks a pair. 3
buttons a side. Plate I 22 mm. Button
diam 5 mm. Found one pair at each knee.
Button clasp pair. Central hook. 2 but-
tons a side. Plate 1 20 mm. Button diam
6 mm. Found beneath cremation layer
at middle of W side.
Comb. Type combpnt. Cf VWG 225>
per VI: 1. Intact except for missing teeth.
7 tooth plates. Orig ^6+8+7+6+7+6=46
teeth. 9 bronze rivets. W orig c. 94 mm.
H origc. 45 mm. Found beneath sin fe-
mur.
Bronze joint rivet. Cf. VWG 209. per
VI:1. 2 rectangular bronze strips joined
by 2 rivets. Well-preserved wood be-
tween plates. W 6 mm. Span 5 mm.
Burial b:
Comb. 1 toothplate frag, endplate.
Found among burnt bones. Not found
in stores.
Burial c:
No attributable finds.
Uncertain provenance:
Strap buckle. Type smbova2. Cf VWG
489, per VI:2. Strongly worn by strap.
L 32 mm. Strap w l4 mm. Rivet span 2
mm. No traces of fire. Found in sec pos
in cremation layer.
Strip hnckle. Type smbovalb. Cf VWG
491, per Vl:2. 3 rivets placed triangularly
with a single at middle of base. No traces
of fire. L 17 mm. Strap w 10 mm. Rivet
span 1 mm. Found in disturbed deposits
outside cist.
2 strap retaining mounts. Cf VWG
204, per Vltl. 1 single and 1 double edge
line each. l4 x 6.5 mm. No traces of
fire. Found in sec pos in cremation layer.
Strapend mount. Type smesword. Simple
bronze strip with rounded point. 2 rivets.
Opposed edge cuts beyond pointwardriveL
Edge line ornament at base. Leather pre-
served at 1 rivet. No traces of fire. L 46.5
mm. W 7-5 mm. Rivet span 1.5 mm.
Found in disturbed deposits outside cist.
Bhr 1947:01a (GF C9S84:I -6.ATA
0600/1 948. Raa Grotlingbo 49:2)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: 2 plans & 1 section (ATA 2180F &
218 IF) and 4 photographs.
Ss: Mixed cairn. Secondary cover of clear-
ance stone on top of earlier turf layer. Diam
8.3 m. W edge cut and undermined by
quarry, could not be completely excavated.
Is: 1 central and 1 off-centre side-by-side
inhumation (a & b, fig. 3:7). a: Off-centre (E)
sandstone block cist 295 x 80 x 35 cm, 350°,
with removed sandstone lid slabs. N half
robbed. Located c. 50 cm E ofBhr 1947:01b.
BD: Inhumation, legs flexed with knees sin,
missing from knees upward, head orig at N
end. Part of skeleton apparently dumped in
cist b by robbers.
Iron key. 4 frags, complete. Single prong.
Handle ends in loop. L tot c. 220 mm.
Found at S end of cist.
136
Bhrl947
Iron lock spring. Tapered^ ending in 2 thin,
twice bent hool^. Wood remains on the
hook-ward half of one 5ide. Extant 1 121
mm. Max w30 mm. Found at S end of ci^c.
2 iron mounts. With traces of wood. Oval
flat places with flat perpendicular prongs at
both ends. The prongs have been driven
through a board and bent on the other side
to secure the mounts. Central hole with re-
mains of a rivet stem through the larger
mojnt. Plates 39 x 23 and 30 x 1 9 mm. Board
thickness indicated by span 14 mm. Found
25 cm apart at S end of cist.
Knife, 2 corroded frags. Fused with textile,
fine twill. Found sin of pelvic region.
Pot. Cf AEG 193, per IV:]. Reconstructed.
Ring-stamp and line ornamented on shoul-
der. Glossy black-brown surface. Rim diam
] ] 1 mm. Max diam c. 157 mm. Height 152
mm. Found at S end of cist.
Mollusc shells. Flatly spiral-coiled, white.
Diam 5-7 mm. Same species as in Bhr
1962: 12 & 1963:01. Found in abundance in
the gap between two wall slabs.
Bhr 1947:01b (GF C9584:7-8.ATA
0600/1 948. Raa Grotlingbo 49:2)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Plan & section (ATA 2I80F) and 4
photographs.
Ss:SeeBhr]947:01a.
Is: 1 central and 1 off-centre side-by-side
inhumation [a & h, fig. 3:7). b: Central sand-
stone block cist 3 1 5 X 55 s 50 cm, 358°, with
removed sandstone lid slabs. Robbed through-
out. Located c. 50 cm W of 1947:01a.
BD; Disturbed inhumation. Part of skeleton
from cist a apparently dumped here, 2 hu-
man teeth including a very worn molar kept
with bird and fish bones among artefacts.
Bead. 1 cyl amber. Diam 21.6 mm. Height
7.9 mm. Found in sec pos W of cist.
Knife, Bent. Centrally placed thick tang with
sqjare cross-section. Traces of textile remains.
Blade 1 87 mm. Found in sec pos in fill.
Knife, Tang frag^ falling into pieces in July
1995. L 89 mm. Found in sec pos in fill.
Bird hones. Found in situ at S end of cist,
under a stone that may possibly have been
part of the cist's southern end.
Fish bones and scales. Found in situ at S
end of cist, under a stone that may possibly
have been part of the cist's southern end.
Bhr 1947:02 (GF C9582:l-23.
ATA 0746/1948 grave A)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 2192F).
Ss: Stone setting. Badly damaged.
Is: Mixed drystone and sandstone slab cist
110 X 85 cm, 85°. Cist damaged but BD
intact.
BD: Cremation, 2362 g. 31 cm thick crema-
tion layer placed on sandstone bedrock. 1
adult male-sex human. [Report XI, Svensson
2001.)
Glass vessel. 192 g. No close parallels. Partly
melted frags, some unaffected by fire. Pale
green, with applied 5 mm thick threads in
an oblique grid pattern made up of horizon-
tal zigzag. Thickened turned -out rim. Sq jat
jar vessel shape. Rim diam c. l45 mm.
Glass vessel- 24 g. Featjreless lumps. Deep
blue.
>39 gaming pieces. 39 more or less com-
plete + 34 frags. Domed. Diam 11-14 mm.
Height 5.0-9.6 mm.
Gold slieet disc, Pjnch ornamented, con-
centric semicircles. From brooch?
Button clasp pair. 3 buttons aside with bev-
elled edges. Plate 143 mm. Button diam l4.7
mm.
Button clasp pair. Frags. 3 simple flat but-
tons a side. Plate I c, 44 mm. Button diam
13.7 mm.
Button clasp. Catch piece. 3 buttons with
bevelled edges. Plate 142 mm. Button diam
15.1 mm.
2 strap buckles. Apparently orig identical.
Unique. Badly corroded and fused with char-
coal. Composite. Frontal protrusion on
frame like VWG I6I -1 62, per VI: 1. Open-
work fastening plate like VWG l63, per
VI: 1. Orig I tot 39 mm. Plate w 12 mm.
Strap buckle. Type smbwide. Cf VWG 487>
per VI:2. Rectangular bronze sheet counter-
washer. Plate w 28.5 mm. Strap w 7.5 mm.
2 strap ring moimts. Cf VWG 51 6, perVI:2.
Corroded and fused with organic material and
charcoal. Traces of dot-circle ornamentation
on 1 fastening plate. Ridged ring cross-sec-
tion. Ext ring diam 12.3 &. 13.5 mm.
Strap retaining mount, Cf. VWG 202-205.
520. Corroded. Strap w 1 1 mm.
Strap joiner. 2 bronze sheet rectangles joined
by rivets in corners. 22 x 12 mm. Span 2
mm.
Strap end mount. Type smesword. Cf VWG
474&476,perVI:2.Sword-shaped.67x7mm.
Strap end mount. Frag, point missing. Cf
VWG 131, 134&471,perVI;l-ZW9.5mm.
Staple ring. Ridged ring cross-section. Ring
ext diam 17 mm. Staple span 13 mm.
Bronze joint rivet. 2 frags fused with organic
material and charcoal. Span 4.5 mm.
Handle comh. Cf VWG 228, per Vl;l. 7
frags, 1 composite +4 grip rib + 2 tooth plate.
Single edge line on grip rib. 3 concentric
circles of fairly uniform width. 10 teeth/cm.
Handle comb. Cf. VWG 228, perVT:l. 6
frags, 4 grip rib + 2 tooth plate. Double edge
line on grip rib. 4 concentric circles of vary-
ing width. 8 teeth/cm.
7 inattri hut able conih &ags. Tooth plate.
Pot. 28 frags, several fit, rim lost. Turned-
out rim, neck, shoulder, inward -curving
sides, flat bottom. Orange-brown, finely
tempered, 4 mm thick. Richly stamp orna-
mented with 4 stamps. 3 preserved stamp
belts on neck: groups of small trapezoids, 3-
concentric dot-semicircles, 4-line S forming
cord. Hatched line-dehmited belt at shoul-
der. Hanging triangles beneath shoulder,
some made up of tilted 5x4 grid rectangles,
some of dot-semicircles. Shoulder diam c.
1 75 mm.
Bronze mount. Frag. Rectangular^ pierced
by rivet near end. 10x6 mm.
29 bear phalanges. At least two bear pelts.
Neolithic pottery. 3 frags. Pitted Ware.
Brown-grey surface, dark grey core, coarsely
limestone tempered and thus porous, 11-12
mm thick. Diagonal lines on rim.
6 Stone Age flint frags. Low quality, prob
local.
Bhr 1947:03 (GF C9582:24-32.
ATA 0746/1948 grave B)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Plan & section (ATA2192F) and 2
photographs.
Ss: Stone setting. Badly damaged. Diam 3.2
m on Nihlen & Atterman's 1931 plan.
Is: Stone cist 125 x 100 x 45 cm. 345°, with
removed sandstone lid slabs. Each of the cist^s
walls was built differently; N: sandstone
flakes, E: sandstone blocks and flakes. S: ig-
neous drystone, W: hmestone slabs lined on
the outside with igneous rock. Robbed.
BD: Cremation, c. 0.2 litres. 143 g. 1 cm
thick cremation layer placed on sandstone
bedrock. 1 adult prob male-sex human. 1
duck-sized bird. (Report XI, Svensson 2001.)
Glass vessel, I6 g. Lumps. Pale green.
3 gaming pieces. 2 intact + 1 frag. Domed.
1 with J dot-circle on top. Diam 1 9-20 mm.
Height4.5-5 mm.
Strapringmonni. Cf VWG 190. perVl:!.
With remnants ofa loop like VWG 191.44
X 23 mm.
2 bronze sheet frags. Melted.
5 iron frags. Amorph rust-sand lumps.
2 bear phalanges.
Unhurnt ovicaprid bone. Astragalus.
,37
Bhrl947
Neolithic pottery. 1 split frag. Brown-grey
surface^ dark grey core, coarsely limestone
tempered and thus porous.
Stone Age flint frag. Lowquiilitv, prob local.
Bhr 1947:04 (GFC9582:33-36.
ATA 0746/1948 deposit C)
"Between [Bhr 1947:03] and the building ...
was found 40 cm below modern ground sur-
face a 20 cm thick, strongly charcoal-coloured
stratum^ which had originally continued fur-
ther beneath the house but which had been re-
moved at the digging of the foundations. At the
western side of [Bhr 1947:03] the stratum could
be identified as far as 170 cm from the build-
ing. In this stratum was found an incomplete
bone object, some flint chips, a couple of coarse,
evidently Stone Age potsherds and unburnt
animal bones." Excavated by Greta An\'idsson.
Bone object. End frag of flat spool-shaped
object with a hole near the end.
Neolithic pottery. 8 frags. Brown -grey-red
mottled surface, dark grey core, coarsely
limestone tempered and thus porous, 7-13
mm thick. Stamped lines on 1 frag.
4 Stone Age flint frags. 2 of low quality, lo-
cal? 2 of dark grey fine-grained flint.
Unburnt animal bones. Frags, 4 1 g. 1 adult pig.
] adult grey seal. (Report XI^ Svensson 2001.)
Bhr I947:0S(SHM 24097.ATA
0849/1 949 grave 1/1947)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 0482F) and photograph.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist l40 x c 40 x 45 cm,
]4°, with sandstone floor slabs. Wooden
coffin indicated by nails inside. Robbed
throughout. E side cut away by gravel pit.
BD: Inhumation, child judging from cist
dimensions, completely destroyed.
7 coffin nails- 1 fragmented. Abundant
wood in corrosion. L 80-110 mm. Head
diam c. 25 mm. All but 1 found inside cist.
Bhr 1947:06 (SHM 24097.ATA
0849/1 949 grave 2/1 947. Prob
shown on Arbman^s I 939 plan as
the SW-most of two destroyed
inhumation graves)
Examined by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Completely destroyed during gravel ex-
traction.
Is; Completely destroyed during gravel ex-
traction.
BD: Inhumation.
Knife, Frags.
Bhr I 947:07 (GF C953a:5-7.
ATA 2006/1947)
"During the erection of a fence post lat the
NE limit ofthe garden] parts of an ornamented
pot (containing 'white bone fragments') and
an iron spearhead had been found beneath the
turf. When the find spot was shown to me I
found two pieces ofa bent iron sword lying on
the ground very near the fence post in ques-
tion. The ground surface at the site was com-
pletely e\'en and no traces could be seen of any
cairn or stone setting." Collected by Greta
Ai^idsson. Cf Bhr 1967:29.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
ls:P
BD: Cremation.
Sword. 2 frags. Folded. Wide central blade
groove. Max extant blade w47 mm. Found
by Arwidsson on the surface near the fence
post.
Lince bead. W&G type L4. Well-preserved.
Leaf-shaped with ridged cross -section. Trans-
versal rivet in socket. 1 notch in edge. L 1 68
mm. Blade 1112 mm. Max blade w44 mm.
Found together with pot.
Pot. Reassembled up to neck, rim lost. Neck,
shoulder^ inward-curved sides, flat bottom.
Glossy black-brown surface, grey core, me-
dium-flnely tempered, 4 mm thick. Stamp
ornamented with 2 stamps. Belt above shoul-
der of 5s5 grid rhombi. Belt below shoulder
of triangles with a raised cross inside. Another
belt of the rhomb stamp. Hanging triangles
of the rhomb stamp. Max diam 134 mm.
Orig height c. 130 mm. Found containing
burntbonesduring the digging of a post hole
for a fence at the NE limit ofthe garden.
Bhr I 947:08 (GFC9S36.
ATA5I65/I947)
Located in cemetery section I (the parish
gravel pit), on the Uddvide Samfallt prop-
erty, immediately SE of the Road Council's
gravel pit on Norrkvie 1:16. Collapsed into
gravel pit and collected in the spring of 1947
by Anselm Johansson, who submitted the
finds to Greta Arwidsson in October 1947.
Picdoc: -
Ss:?
Is:?
BD: Inhumation^ only very small bone frags
noted byjohansson.
Glass beaker. Frags, reassembled. Pale green
glass foot-beaker with applied threads.
Height 210 mm. Rim diam 104-108 mm.
This is the so-called Grothngbo beaker, rep-
licas of which are sold by the GF. A replica
is kept in the SHM with inventory number
SHM 32523.
Fibula.Typefibwidel.CfVWG 17,23&24,
per VI: 1. Spade-shaped foot, 3 ccb knobs. Very
well crafted and preser^'ed. 54.0 x 29.7 mm.
Strapjoiner, C£ VWG 175> per Vl:l. Pale
bronze sheen, copper-silver alloy? 3 strap
mounts. Domed rivet heads. Cavetto ring
with a ridge in the middle of the groove. No
traces of wear. Ring ext diam 13 mm.
Comb. Type combpnt. Frag^ reconstructible.
Shaped hke VWG 225, per VI;], but with
only double edge line ornamentation. Hol-
lowed-out back. Bronze rivets. Orig 3 tooth-
plates, l5+l5+(l5)=c45 teeth. Orig c. 90
X 50 mm. Max thickness 16 mm.
Bronze key Cf\^WG 560, per Vl;2. Finely
wrought. 2 prongs. Edge line ornament.
Open bronze rod ring in loop. L end to end
1 50 mm.
Casketliandle,Cf VWG 252-253, per Vl:l.
With animal-head loops. Staple span 22 mm.
Bronze lock spring. Slightly tapered towards
rivet end. Fine edge lines. 2 rivets. 5 1 .5 x 7
mm. Span 4.5 mm.
Bhr 1950:01 (GF 9890.ATA I 230/
l954.Trotzig's (1979, 1991a) plan
#I23.WKG l:SI)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: -
Ss;?
Is: Sandstone slab cist c. 340 x 80 x 95 cm
(ext dimensions), c. 180°. N end collapsed
into gravel pit.
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed, head at S
end. Bones kept with artefacts. Badly eroded.
Including a worn-down human incisor. Also
included are a fish scale and some very deli-
cate bird bones, which are much more well-
preserved than the human bones and thus
prob secondary additions.
Iron strap buckle. WKG 1:5 1 :3. 1 frag fused
with layers of bone and leather pierced by a
bronze rivet stem. Found at W wall.
13 ornamental bronze rivets. WKG 1:51:2.
Round, domed sheet heads with a small raised
bump in the centre and a row of them along
the perimeter. Small rhomboid counter-wash-
ers. Thin pale flaky leather strap frags. Head
diam 10 mm. Span 1.5 mm. Found in chest
region.
Strap end mount. WKG 1:51:1. Tweezers-
shaped^ riveted through with 4 rivets. Drop-
let-shaped loop turned 90° from the main
body. Dot-circle ornamented. Leather ves-
tiges in span. L96mm. Found by workmen
before excavation.
138
Bhrl950
Wooden bowl. Frag? preserved on 3 vessel re-
pair mounts [WKG 1:51:4). Bowl wilh steeply
slanced sides. Bronze sheet mounts. 1 : Punch
ornamented rectangle nailed onto the exterior
of the dish with 6 pins. 2: Wriggled la^er rect-
angle then folded over the edge of the dish and
riveted through with 4 rivets^ 1 of which re-
placed a corner pin in the first mount and thus
joined the mounts. 3: Punch ornamented trap-
ezoid folded asymmetrically over the edge of
the dish and nailed inp!acewith6pins,4from
the outside and 2 from the inside. The outside
pins pierced the bowl, and their points were
bent le\'el with the inside.
Bowl height >46 mm. Wall thickness 5-7
mm. Found in collapsed deposits from N
end of cist.
Pottery. WKG 1:51:5. 8 frags. Terracotta-
coloured surface^ dark grey core^ coarsely
tempered, 8 mm thick. Found in collapsed
deposits from N end of cist.
Iron nailyHvet. 1 identifiable head-frag.
Found in chest region.
Textile frags. Rust-impregnated twill. Found
in chest region.
Iron frags. WKG 1:51:3. Possibly from knife.
Several fused with twill. Found in chest region.
Bhr I 950:02 (GF C9883.ATA I 227/
l9S4.Trotzig's (l979J99la) plan
#13)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Plan [ATA 2196F) and 2 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 225 x c. 45 cm, 275°,
with sandstone lid slabs. W half robbed.
BD: Inhumation, adult, extended on back,
hands in lap, destroyed from pelvis headwards,
head orig at Wend, 275°.
Aninial-head brooch, Garlsson 19S3 per D-
E. Bottom frag, rear corner. Orig soldered
onto top. Found in sec pos in fill.
Bhr 1951:01 (GFCI0I76.
ATA 6616/1955 plan grave 1/51)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Plan and section (ATA 2199F).
Ss:?
Is: Sandstone slab cist60x60x45 cm, 31 6°.
Cist slabs slightl)' disturbed but BD intact.
One slab still extant in 1963-196? though
moved a bit on Trotiig's photo plan.
BD: Cremation, 2367 g. 10-25 cm thick
cremation layer 2 adult humans, one male-
sex, the other indet-sex. 1 adult dog. (Re-
port XI, Svensson 2001.)
Glass vessel. 6Sg. Melted lumps. Pale green.
Glass lump, 10 g. Melted lump. Brownish
amber tint.
34 ganimg pieces. 30 intact -1-4 frags. Domed.
2 of the pieces have central depressions. Diam
13.7-19 mm. Height 4.2-3.6 mm.
2 button clasppairs. Identical. 1 intact pair,
1 pair warped catch-piece and badly melted
hook-piece. 3 buttons a side. Single hook.
Plate 1 28 mm. Button diam 6.4 mm.
Handlecomb. Cf VWG 228, perVI:l. l4
frags, 7 grip rib + 7 tooth plate. Reconstruct-
ible. Origlc. 100 mm.
Pottery. 9 unadorned frags, including3 fit-
ting split ones from the under-side of a ves-
sel bottom. Ext bottom diam c. 85 mm.
Bronze staple. Span 1 1 .5 nim.
Btoiize ting. Frag. Thin enough to fit the
staple. Ext diam c. 1 7 mm.
Bronze fing. Cavetto. Ext diam 19.2 mm.
Silver tivetr Frag. Round silver sheet rivet
head with traces of 3n iron/bronze stem.
Diam 9 mm.
3 bronze rivets. Cast disc-shaped heads with
bevelled edges. Round counter-washers.
Head diam 1 1.6, 11.6, 8.3 mm. Span 4 mm.
Btoiize rivet. Disc-shaped unadorned head.
Head diam 10.9 mm. Span4 mm.
2 bronze strip frags. Bent and twisted. W
8-9 mm.
3 hronze lumps.
13 heat phalanges. 14 frags.
Unburnt ovicaprid bones. Frags, 13 g, a
tooth missing from stores. 1 adult ovicaprid.
Stone Age flint frag.
Bhr I 952:01 a,b(GF CI 0175.
ATA 6618/1955 plan grave 1/52)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Plan & section [ATA 21 97F) and 6
photographs.
Ss: Mixed stone setting with remnants of
elegantly dressed sandstone kerb (flg. 3:8).
Diam orig c. 6 m. Badly damaged through
ground levelling and a sandstone quarry to
the S'W This is the extreme NE end of the
Roes quarry.
Is: Central sandstone slab cist 230/220 x 70
K 65 cm, 338°, with mostly removed lid
slabs. Part of a picture stone had secondarily
been set inside the northern end of the cist^
bringing the internal length down to 220
cm. NW half robbed.
BD: 2 more or less destroyed and mixed
burials. Placed on sandstone bedrock.
a. Badly disturbed inhumation. Bones
not found in stores.
b. Inhumation, extended on back, de-
stroyed from knees headwards, head orig
at N end, 13 cm above and on top of a.
Bones not found in stores.
Burial a:
Silver coin. Denarius. Marcus Aurelius
(under Antoninus Pius). Rome. AD 152-
153. R1C45S. 2.69 g. Determination by
Lennart Lind. Badly worn. Found dur-
ing sieving of the bottom stratum. Prob
imported to Gotland from the estuary of
the Wisia in the 3rd or 4th century AD
(Lind 1988:137, 153).
Silver sheet ring. Fibula fitting? Domed.
Ext diam 13 mm. Found during sieving
of the bottom stratum.
Burial b:
Picture stone frag. Nylen & Lamm
1987*89, Sth-l 1th century AD. Blank
Uncertain provenance:
Silver sheet fibula. Triangular foot frag.
Silver plate with nielloed punch and line
ornamentation. Max foot w 13 mm.
Found in sec pos in fill.
Penannular brooch, Garlsson 1988
35:47; type FAC:S/V rom:a II; per D.
Diam 38 mm. Found in sec pos in filL
Dress pin. Rundqvist Nils son 1990 type
Clb, Late Viking Period. L 88 mm.
Found in sec pos in fill.
Silver wire eye clasp- Hines 1993 class
A.Cf VWG textfig. 196, per VI:2. Half
a double S loop with rolled-up spiral
ends. Orig 1 c. 23 mm. Found in sec pos
in fill.
Comb. Type combpnt. Cf VWG 224,
perVI:l. Intact. 10+12+9=31 teeth, 9
bronze rivets. Max grip rib w 68 mm.
Max h 55 mm. Found at the feet of
burial b.
Knife. Slightly drooping point. Smooth
transition between blade back and tang.
Remnants of wooden handle. Blade 1
121 mm. Max blade w 14 mm. L tot
162 mm. Found in sec pos in fill.
Krufe. Tang frag. Found in sec pos in filL
Pot. 13 frags. Shoulder vessel with
turned-out rim. Stamp and line orna-
mented, double crescent-shaped den-
ticulate stamp repeated to form a wavy
line on shoulder. Black glossy surface,
grey core, medium-coarsely tempered,
4 mm thick. Found in sec pos in fill.
Neolithic pottery, 2 frags. Denticulate
stamp ornamented. Light brown surface,
dark grey core, coarsely tempered, 8 mm
thick. Found in sec pos in filL
Iron rod frag. Slightly curved. 45 x 2.9
mm. Found in sec pos in fill.
.39
Bhrl952
Bhr 1952:02 (ATA 661 8/1 95S plan
grave 2/52)
Escavated by John Nihlen, Bhr 1931:20.
Unwittingly re-exc:iv3ted by Greta Arwid^son
in 1952.
Bhr 1952:03 (GF CI 01 77:I-9.ATA
6617/1955 grave 1/52. Nihien's 1931
plan #4. Raa Grotlingbo 43)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Plan [ATA 220 IF) and 2 photo-
graphs.
Ss; Standing stone (fig. 3:2) with support
stones at N side. Height tot 155 cm, above
grojnd 1 12 cni. Base 95 x 60 cm. Long axis
of stone base cross-section 38°. Known to
folklore along with Bhr 1952:04 as the Quar-
rel Stones, said to be two old women petri-
fied by a monk for quarreling on Easter Sun-
day [Per Arvid Save 1959 #5 1 7).
Is:-
BD: Cremation, 0.2-0.3 litres. Thin bone
layer around stone base^ diam c- 120 cm.
Arrowhead, Cf WKG 11:262:2. Point miss-
ing. Lancet-shaped. Tanged. Marked transi-
tion between point and tang.
Fish -head pendant. KHN typeS2g3. 4 frags.
3 horizontal lines. Base orig c. 13 x 13 mm.
Bead, 1 bri blue.
Iron sheet strap end mount. Cf. WKG
11:130:7-9. 11:131:6. Frag. Trapezoid, twee-
zers-shaped, broken off at bend. 2 rivets in
corners. 56 x 26 mm.
Iron key. Badly corroded iron rod frag end-
ing in a loop.
4 iron joint rivets. Well-preserved. Iron sheet
rectangles riveted through at ends with riv-
ets made from a single rectangularly U-
shaped bow with the horizontal bar flattened
into a "counterplate". Max plate size 21 x 7
mm. Span 4.5 mm.
2 iron rivets. Fire patinated. Square stem
cross-section. Rhomboid counter-washers.
Span 36 mm.
Iron strip frag. 50x8 mm.
Iron frag. Flat, rectangular Riveted through.
Wood on rivet. 30 x 13 mm. Span 7 mm.
Unbiirnt animal bones.
Bhr 1952:04 (GF CI 01 77:10-1 3.
ATA 6617/1955 grave 2/52. Nihien's
1931 plan #5. Raa Grotlingbo 44)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Pkdoc: Plan [ATA 2202F) and 2 photo-
graphs.
Ss: Standing stone (fig. 3:2). Height tot 150
cm, above ground 118 cm. Base 100 x 50
cm. Long axis of stone base cross-section 26°.
Known to folk-lore along with Bhr 1952:04
as the Quarrel Stones, said to be two old
women petrified hy a monk for quarrelling
onEaste^Sunday(Pe^Ar^â– idSavel959#5l7).
Is: Thin cremation layer closely surround-
ing stone base and extending into pit atNNE
side. Pit diam 1 10 cm, max depth 72 cm.
BD: Cremation, 0.1-0.2 litres. Kept with
artefacts.
Spoon pendant- 24 x 135 mm. Found in pit.
Wlietstone. Worn slate frag.
Iron rivet. Fire patinated. Square stem cross-
section. Rhomboid counter-washer. Span 39
mm. Found in pit.
Iron frag. Badly corroded. Small nail? L 16
mm. Found in pit.
Unbutnt animal bones. Including bird
bones.
Bhr 1954:01 (SHM 25445:1.
ATA 2855/1956 grave 1/54)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Plan and section (ATA 0483F).
Ss:?
Is: Limestone slab cist 165 x 60 x 35 cm^
359°. Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation, completely destroyed.
Pottery. AEG & VWG per V-VI. Stamp
ornamented handle. 1 stamp, 3-concentric
semi-circle. Non-perforated beginning of
drinking duct.
2 bronze rivets. Vestiges of leather. Prob from
belt mounts. Head diam c. 5 mm.
Bhr I 954:02 (SHM 25445:2.
ATA 2855/1956 grave 2/54)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Plan and section (ATA 0484F).
Ss:?
Is: Slab cist 85 x 45 x 40 cm, 4°. Robbed
throughout.
BD: Cremation. Bone layer.
Lock case. 1 burnt bronze sheet frag. 2 key-
prong holes.
Pottery. 2 frags. 1 rim. Terracotta-coloured^
finely tempered, 3.3 mm thick.
Bronze frags. Burnt.
Shingle. Smooth and rounded. Polishing/
burnishing stone?
Bhr l957:0lab(SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2871/2001
grave 1/57)
Located near Bhr 1957:02-03 on theNorrkvie
1; 16 plot at theS edge ofthe gravel pit. Exca-
vated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Uncertain. A numberless plan and
section from 1957 of a stone-covered 85 cm
diam cremation layer cut by the gravel pit
may pertain to this grave. There see, how-
ever, 4.0-6.5 cm potsherds marked on the
section, and none among the finds from Bhr
1957:01.
Ss: Uncertain.
Is: Uncertain. Cjt by gravel pit.
BD: 2 different burials judging from the
finds.
a: Cremation, 130 g + 230 g that may
conceivably belong to this grave but are
inadequately labelled,
b: ] 7 g unburnt bones including a num-
ber of adult hjman teeth, cf. Bhr 1967:31.
Burial a, burnt or sooty objects:
Glass vessel, 1 03 g. Melted and criziled
lumps. Cobalt blue. Parallel 1-1.5 mm
lines ofthe same glass set 3-8 mm apart
on surface. 3 lumps found in collapsed
deposits.
Relief brooch. Fig. 10:10 ABC. Nasman
1984a typeGOB. Cf VWG 345-346, per
Vl:2. Nydam style. 7 frags. Head plate:
terminal from the tower sin corner ofthe
head plate, surface divided into 2 decora-
tive fields by angular moulding, one field
with the cast striation of a bird's neck, 19
X 12 X 4 mm; frag from sin side of
head plate's central relief panels surface di-
vided into 2 decorative fields by the mid-
line moulding, round inlay socket with cir-
cular relief border, more relief outside of
border 21 x 13 x 3 mm. Foot plate: frag
from lower dx edge, slightly curved moul-
ding with the cast striation of a bird's neck
on the concave side, 23 X 17x3 mm; equi-
lateral triangular garnet from foot plate,
5.5 mm side, fused with pin catch. Bo\v:
curved rectangular bronze plate with riv-
ets in corners holding a co\'er of beaded
and dot-punched thin bronze sheet, a 4
mm square garnet mounted at the apex.
36x 17x21 mm. Pin: point missing finely
wroughtbasewith 2 tines joined by a trans-
versal bronze rivet. 34 x 6 x 10 mm. Pin
catch: curved bronze sheet catch orig fas-
tened with >=5 rivets with high silver con-
tent, transversal line ornament at least at
back end, >22 x 9 x 5 mm, fused with
triangjlar garnet. The bow and pin catch
are uncharacteristic for the Migration Pe-
riod brooches and were probably second-
ary replacements. Approximate orig di-
mensions 135 X 65 mm.
Proto- animal- bead brooch. Fig. 10:10
D. KHN type G4a. Punch and line or-
nament- Iron pin held by iron axis. L
32 mm. Axis 1 26 mm.
140
Bhr 1957:01a
B
i 0//
F 1- J
1.'"" .-' r
Fig. 10:10. Bhr I 957:01 a. Scale 1:1 . Drawings by Stefan Kayat.
141
Bhrl957
Proto-aniniaJ-licad brooch, KHN type
G4b. Identical to the abovementioiied
except for the tack of punch ornament.
Line ornament. Iron pin held by iron
axis. L 32 mm. Axis 1 25 mm.
7 beads, 1 amorph white. 1 amorph blue.
1 amorph tluc green. 1 amorph turquoise.
1 amorph indel colour. I cyl limestone.
1 cyl limestone with concave end faces,
diam 15.5 mm, height 9.4 mm.
Bronze ting. Cast. Oval cross-section.
Diam 30 mm.
Comb. Fig. 10:10E. Typecombedg. Cf
VZG 4l6, perVII:!. Numerous frags.
Triple edge hne on grip ribs and end
plates^ no other decoration. >=6 stout
bronze rivets on single hne, 20-23 mm
apart. L tot >=133 mm.
Bronze sheet vessel. Frags. Thickened
edge. Triangular handle flaps. A few frags
found in collapsed deposits.
Pottery. 14 tiny frags, max I 20 mm.
Smooth grey surface, finely tempered, 5
mm thick
C. 24 bronze lumps. Amorphous. Max
1 23 mm.
3 fossils. 1 crinoid stalk frag^ not pierced.
1 sfromatoporoid. 1 indef. MaxI 23 mm.
1 1 bear phalanges.
3 mollusc shells. 2 complete, I frag. Flat,
spiral-coiled, max diam l6 mm.
Miniature Eint dagger. Fig. 10:10 R Late
Neolithic. Part of blade missing. Bifacial
blade, tang with rhomboid cross-section.
Tangburnt. Ongl>68mm. Maxw34mm.
2 flint frags. 1 with shoreline abrasion.
Max 1 1 6 mm.
iurial b, unburnt soot-free objects:
Animal-head brooch, Carlsson 1983 lype
1. l.G; per A Extremely finely \vrought with
punch and line ornamentation. Bronze pin
listened through hole in neck field. Single
hole through dx side next to ear. Textile
impressions on inside. L 3S.5 mm.
Disc brooch. KHN type 12. Cf VZG 1 384-
138S, 1390-1391. perVII:3. Chip carved
counter-clock\\'ise Style 11 triskele. Feature-
less bevelled edge. Single hole through edge
near hinge. Remnants of iron pin. Textile
impressions on inside. 4l x 6 mm.
Dress pin. 2 frags, head missing. Orig 1
>52 mm.
Bronzespiral bead. Globular. 7.6x 7.7 mm.
64 beads. 15 l^lob yellow. 1 1 brl green. 7
bri tluc blue. 5 fglob white with 2-3 equa-
torial eyes, black pupil, red iris. 2 brl red.
2 f^lob white. 2 brl pale blue with 3 equa-
torial crosses on tluc dark blue flelds. 2 2-
segment gold foliate. 1 fglob pale blue. 1
fglob green with 3 equatorial eyes, tluc
green pupil, radial green and indet iris. 1
brl red with yellow polar caps and 5 equa-
torial yellow knobs. 1 brl blue with red
equator. 1 brl pale blue with yellow-red-
yellow equator. 1 brl red with black-yel-
low-black equator. 1 l^lob black with 3
equatorial blue oblong spots. 1 brl black
covered with closely set eyes, red pupil.
yellow iris, and red polar caps. 1 roundedly
box-shaped green with orange-blue-orange
equator. 1 roundedly box-shaped green
with yellow-red -yellow equator. 1 brl tluc
dark blue with white-red-white lines form-
ing polar circles and a horizontal zigzag
joining them. 1 brl tluc dark blue \vith 6
yellow knobs, each with a red dot, placed
zigzag along equator. 1 brl tluc green with
2 equatorial eyes, yellow pupil, red iris. 1
brl white with 3 eqjatorial eyes, blue pu-
pil, white-red concentric iris. 1 brl red with
3equatorial white knobs, each with a black
dot. I pumpkin blue, 1 wedge limestone.
] ^lob amber diam l4.8 mm.
Bronze chain hags. 4 bronze sheet links.
Peaked cross -sect ion.
Uncertain provenance;
Utensil brooch. Outfine cf VZG 158.
per V1I:1. Cast beaded line ornament
on frame. Featureless protrusion with
single rivet. Remains of sin-mounted
iron pin, c£ VZG 179 & 131, per VII: 1.
Diam 39 mm, with protrusion 53 mm.
Fused with charcoal. Unlabelled but
probably from Bhr 1957:01.
Birdmoimt. Cf VZG 199, per VlLl. L
30 mm. Fused with charcoal. Unlabelled
butprobably from Bhr 1957:01.
Iron wire ring. Diam 10 mm.
Rust lump. Falling to pieces. Max I 10
Bhr I 957:02 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2871/2001
grave 2/57)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Plan.
Ss:-
Is: Slab cist 90 x 55 x 35 cm. 333°. N end
damaged by gravel pit.
BD: Cremation layer, 4-10 cm thick. 460 g.
Bead. Amorph tluc brown.
Button clasp pair. Cf VWG 214-215, per
VLl. Single disc-shaped buttons. Button
diam 7.5 mm.
Button clasp. Hook-piece. Identical to the
abovementioned .
Strap retaining mount. Cf YWG 202-205,
520, per VI;l-2. 3 frags. Single edge line.
16.5 X 6.5 mm.
Comb. Type combpnt. 4 frags: 2 grip rib + 2
tooth plate. 1 bronze rivet 1 l4 mm. Single
edge line with a row of dotted semicircles. >=4
parallel lines on grip rib. Dot circles on top
edge of tooth plate. Teeth thicker than upper
part of tooth plate.
Pot. Frags, incomplete. Grey, smooth, finely
tempered ware, 4 mm thick. Turned-out rim,
neck, shoulder, inward-sloping sides. Stamp
ornamented \vith 2 stamps: a denticulate semi-
circle repeated to form a meandering line and
a striated square turned and repeated to form
a basketwork surface. Rim diam c, 130 mm.
Bronze rivet. Head missing. Round counter-
washer. Extant 1 10.5 mm.
Bhr I 957:03 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2871/2001
grave 3/57)
Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Plan & 2 sections,
Ss: Single-layer mixed stone setting, dam-
aged by di^ing^ probably NE half cut away
by gravel pit. Max extant diam 1.7 m. Not
surviving above ground.
Is: Cremation layer, 105 x 12 cm. Cut prob-
ably in half by gravel pit. Only \C edge cov-
ered by Ss.
BD: Cremation. 1060g.
2 clasp pairs. Fig. 10:11 A Hines 1993 form
B2, no dose parallels. Cf. VWG 540, perVI:2.
Identical. Buttonless. Castfinely moulded bars,
like paired bamboo stalks with 5 segments and
2 rivet lugs each. Central segment of hook-
piece paired to form hook. Globular head riv-
ets joined by bronze strip counter\vashers. 25.5
X 17 mm.
2 button clasp pairs. Fig. 10:1 1 B. Hines 1993
typeBli, nodose parallels. Frags. IdenticaL 2
rivets each with cast, bevelled-edge button
heads, stuck through rectangular bronze sheet
top plate, hook and catch on counterwashers.
Head diam 6 mm. Top plate 21.5 x 7 mm.
Strap buckle. Fig. 10:1 1 C. Typesmbquadl.
Cf VWG 146. per VI:1. Slightly warped.
Rectangular frame cast in one piece with
rectangular fastening plate. Bevelled edges.
Single edge line along sides of fastening plate.
double edge hne along end. 2 rivets joined
by bronze strip counterwasher. 28.5 x 12.5
mm. Strap w 8 mm.
Strap buckle. Fig. 10:1 1 D. Type smbovalb.
Cf VWG 158, per\a;l. \Carped. Oval frame
cast in one piece with rectangular fastening
plate. Single edge line on fastening plate. 2
142
Bhr 1957:03
B
^ . . Q
^^^^^^
H
»" [Q^
Li
't^
**''
./^*^
0-
Fig. iO'A I. Bhr I 957:03. Scale I : I, except pot 1:3. B reconstructed. Drawings by Stefan Kay at.
143
Bhrl957
globular he:id rivet?, each with s square
counter was her. 34 x 16 mm. Strap w 1 1 mm.
2 strap ring nioiinis. Fig. 1 0: 1 1 E. 1 lacking
fastening plate. Prob o rig identical. Worn non-
cavetto rings. Small line ornaniented rectan-
gular fastening plate with a round featureless
counterplate, with central rivet. Profiled brac-
teate-like loop with 2 transversal lines at base.
Ringdiam 15 mm. Counterplate diam l4mm.
Strap ring mount. Fig. 1 0; 1 1 F. Plump ca-
vetto ring held by bronze sheet strip, folded
double and slightly warped, held tighdy to-
gether by single rivets at end and near ring.
Edge lines on strip, double at ring, otherwise
single, separated by 5 transversals. Ring diani
20 mm. Strip I from ring to end 43 mm. Strip
w 7 mm.
HantUe comb. Fig. 10:11 G. Frags. Single
edge line with dot-semicircles. Single 3-con-
centric dot-circle on handle^ diam 12 mm.
Paired bronze rivets. Win grip rib w 9. 5 mm.
Comb case. Fig. 10:11 H. Frags^ 6from rods,
2 from backplate. Rods with semicircular
cross-section, decorated with sets of 5 trans-
versal lines. Single bronze rivets at ends.
Pot. Fig. 10:11 I. Frags, complete, reas-
sembled. Smooth grey surface, finely tem-
pered, 3.5 mm thick. Turned-out rim, neck,
angled shoulder^ inward -sloping sides, slightly
convex bottom, handle with drinking-duct.
Line and stamp decoration. On neck and
shoulder moulded cords delimited by single
lines. Between cords, apattern of joined hori-
zontal rhombi with 2-concentric dot-circles
at nodes and sides made up of a double den-
ticulate stamp, cf.VWG textfig. 60, per VI: I.
Below shoulder, hanging concave-side tri-
angles with 2-concentric dot circles at points.
On handle, single edge lines, dot-circles and
double denticulates. Rim diam 100 mm.
Shoulder diam 130 mm. Base diam 80 mm.
Height 129 mm. Shoulder height 77 mm.
12 iron frags. Flat. Mas 1 15 mm.
Flint frag. Cortex extant at one end. L 26
mm.
Bhr 1957:04 (ATA 2871/2001
grave 4/57)
Described by Greta Arwidsson.
"Completely destroyed cist grave beneath flat
ground in the edge of the gravel pit August
1957".
Picdoc: -
Ss; None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cist.
BD:?
No finds.
Bhr 1958:01 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2871/2001
grave 1/58)
Probably located immediately SW of Bhr
1957:02, the two cists' centre-points 90 cm
apart. Excavated by Greta Arwidsson.
Picdoc: Plan, section, 6 photographs.
Ss:-
Is: Sandstone slab cist 65 k40x 35 cm, 334°.
with sandstone lid slabs and a sandstone flake
cover.
BD: Cremation layer, 20 cm thick, 930 g.
Fibula. Type flbwidel. Cf. VWG 3-8, per
VI; 1. Frags, spiral and pin lost. Bow ending
headward in a profiled mushroom knob. Cast
disc on bow. Transversal hne decoration on
bow base. Spade-shaped foot. 1 extant axis
terminal knob, identical to the head knob. L
70 mm-
Fihula. Type fibwide2. Cf VWG 30-3 1 , per
VI: 1. Spade-shaped head and foot. Cast disc
on bow with 3-concentric dot-circle. Short
axis with profiled mushroom knobs^ cf.
VWG 357-358, per Vl:2. Intact. 46 x 20
mm. Found near middle of W wall.
2 dress pins- Type dpmush. Frags, complete.
Identical. Mushroom heads. L 57 mm.
l4 heads. 6 l^lob indet colour. 3 amorph
indet colour. 2 ring tluc green. 1 l^lob green.
1 ring tluc blue. 1 amorph black.
Bone spindlewhorl. Frag. Domed. Diam c.
35 mm.
Pot, Frags, complete. Smooth terracotta-
coloured ware, finely tempered, 4 mm thick.
Turned-out rim, neck, shoulder, inward-
sloping sides, flat bottom. Unadorned. Rim
diam 130 mm. Height c. 130 mm. Found
atNWend.
Bronze sheet counter washer. Rectangular
with a single rivet at each end. 23 x 5 mm.
3 bronze lumps. Amorph. 1 with a rivet hole
and a high silver content. Max I 1 1 mm.
Fossil. Bead-line crinoid stalk segment.
Organic substance. 3 tiny frags of a bitumi-
nous, bubbly, shiny, black substance.
Bhr 1959:01 (SHM 26713.
ATA 4729/1961 grave 1/59.
RaaGr6tlingbo48)
Excavated bv Peter Manneke.
Picdoc. 3 photo plans, 2 sections, 17 pho-
tographs.
Ss; igneous rock cairn with mixed inner
stone circle (diam 5.5 m) framing central
internal domed sandstone cairn. Diam 8.6
m. Max extant height 1 m.
Is: Central sandstone block cist 275 x 60 x
45 cm, 9°. Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation, no bones found.
Single-edged sword. 2 frags^ complete and
well-preserved. Bent. Symmetrical blade
outline. Bronze wire inlay on blade near base.
Square tang end knob. Orig blade 1 c. 490
mm. Orig 1 tot c. 620 mm. Max blade w c.
45 mm. Found in sec pos on top of cairn.
Iron key. Frags. Found in sec pos in the
middle of the cist.
Knife. Frags. Found in prob sec pos with
wooden remains at S end of cist.
Resin caulking ring. Frags. Found in sec pos
inside cist.
Pot, Frags. Foot and neck vessel. Black bur-
nish, grey interior, coarsely tempered, 6 mm
thick. Found in sec pos inside cist.
Iron sheet mount. Frag. Rectangular. 2 riv-
ets in corners. Found in sec pos inside cist.
Icon frags. Found in sec pos inside cist.
Bhr I 960:01 a,b,c (SHM 27296M.
ATA 1599/1963 grave 1/60)
Excavated by Karin Hager.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, section, 7 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 250 x 60 x 35 cm
with sporadic sandstone edge slabs, 58°.
Robbed throughout.
BD; 3 more or less distud^ed and mixed buri-
als. Bhr l%0:Olb dug into Bhr 1960:0!a,
destroying it completely and mixing the con-
tents of the t\\'o graves. Bhr 1960;01c dug
into Bhr 1960:01b.
a. Destroyed cremation prob predating
inhumation trench. 2 burnt bone frags
found in S corner.
h. Inhumation, placed on dx side^ well-
preserved bones, only skull and 1 arm
in situ, head in E corner
c. Inhumation, well-preserved bones,
shallow disordered secondary interment
at W corner.
Burial a:
Bead. 1 amorph melted tluc cobalt blue
with white stains. Found at the middle
of the NW side.
Burial b:
3 iron rivets. 1 intact + 3 frags. Rhom-
boid counter\vashers. With wood remains.
Span c. 12 mm. Found beneath skull.
Burial c:
No attributable finds.
Uncertain provenance:
Wood frag. Rust-impregnated. Found
at the centre of the trench.
144
Bhrl960
Bhr 1960:02a (SHM 27296:2a.
ATA IS99/I963 grave 2a/60)
Excavated by Karin Hager.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, section, 5 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is; Cremation pit. Diam 110 cm. Depth c.
45 cm. E side cue by Bhr 1960:02b.
BD: Cremation. Slightly ofF-centre (S) crema-
tion layer diam 70-80 cm^ thickness 2-8 cm.
Tongue pendant. WKG 11:167:14, Found
at centre of pit, just outside cremation layer.
Unburnt animal bone frags. Found on top
of and inside cremation layer.
Bhr 1960:02b (SHM 27296:2b.
ATA IS99/I963 grave 2b/60)
Excavated by Karin Hager.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans, section, 12 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 200 x 60 x 80 cm,
190°, with sporadic igneous edge blocks.
Covered by a sandstone layer topped with a
layer of mixed smaller stones. Body placed
on 25 cm of fine gravel fill. Dug into Bhr
1 960:02a. Small robber pit at S end.
BD; Inhumation, adult, extended on back,
hands at sides, well-preserved, skull dis-
turbed, 190°.
Animal tooth. Found at SE corner among
disturbed cover stones in robber pit.
Bhr 1960:03 (SHM 27296:3.
ATA IS99/I963 grave 3/60)
Excavated by Karin Hager.
Picdoc: Photo plan, section, 2 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pit with abundant stones.
Diam c. 100 cm. Depth 35 cm.
BD: Cremation. Central cremation concen-
tration diam 30^0 cm.
Fisb-head pendant. KHNtypeS2g2orS^^.
5 frags. At least 2 triple horizontal lines. Dot
circles at corner of mouth. Orig I c. 30 mm.
Bhr 1960:04 (SHM 27296:4.
ATA I S99/ 1 963 grave 4/60)
Excavated by Karin Haget.
Picdoc: Photo plan, section, 2 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pit with stones mixed with
the fill. Diam c. 1 20 cm. Depth 22 cm.
BD: Cremation.
5 organic objects. Enigmatic mushroom-
shaped black porous objects. Composite, with
afootfastened toahat. Diamc 20 mm. Height
c. 1 mm.
Bhr I 960:0S (SHM 27296:S.
ATA I 599/1 963 grave 5/60)
Excavated by Karin Hager.
Picdoc: Photo plan, section drawn but not
incljded in report, 2 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist with 1 sandstone end
slab (Sj 250x 60 X 80 cm, 190°. S half robbed.
BD: Inhumation, completely decayed except
for femur frags, prob orig placed in S part of
cist with head oriented S.
Bead. 1 bri red. Found in sin hip area.
Bronzestripnioiint. Frag. Punch ornamented.
Central slot at one end. 2 rivet holes^ rivet frag
in 1 . Extant I 39 mm. W 1 1 mm. Found at
the middle of the E side of the cist.
Wooden vessel. Frags preser^'ed on bronze sheet
repair mount. Crescent -shaped. Line and
punch ornamented. Pierced with orig 4 flat
bronze nails with points bent to secure the
mount to the wood. c. 42x 15 mm. Nail span
3.5-5.0 mm. Found at NW corner of cist.
Bronze sheet mount. 3 frags, 1 missing.
Punch ornamented. With preserved wood.
1 frag pierced "with a flat bronze nail with
point bent to secure the mount to the wood.
Nail span 4 mm. Yet another crescent-shaped
mount? Found at NW corner of cist.
Bhr 1960:06 (SHM 27296:6. ATA
I 599/1963 grave 6/60. WKG 1:75)
Excavated by Karin Hager.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans, section, 15 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist 300 x 65 x 60 cm,
183°, with sandstone end slabs and lid flakes.
Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation, extended on back, badly
decayed, head orig at S end.
Beajd axe head. WKG 1:75:15. Frags. Pro-
trusion on lower edge and upward and
downward haft flaps. Iron nail and wood
remains in haft hole. L c. 100 mm. Edge w
c. 60 mm. Found between dx humerus and
wall with haft orig pointing toward feet.
Amber amulet. WKG 1:75:13. Finely
wrought miniature beard axe head. Found
in the central part of the cist.
Bead. WKG 1:75:12. 1 brl red. Unknown
position.
II ornamental sttap mounts. 7 heart-shaped
with 2 angular protrusions (WKG 1:75:1-7).
3 chevron -shaped with 2 angular protrusions
(\CT<:G 1:75:9-11). 1 heart-shaped with 3 an-
gular protrusions (WKG 1:75:8). With leadier
frags. Found between sin femur and wall.
Knife. WKG I:75:l4. 2 tang frags. With
remnants of antler/bone handle. Found at
wall on sin side of pelvis.
Pot, Baltic Ware. Frags^ reconstructible.
Turned-out rim, shoulder, inward-sloping
sides^ flat bottom. Horizontal ornamental
lines. Grey-^irown surface, black core, coarse
temper, 5.5 mm thick. Rim diam 125 mm.
Orig height c. 120 mm. Found in sec pos
around lower legs.
Textile frag. Coarse twill. Found at axe head.
Not found in stores.
Bronze wire frag. 7x1 mm. Found between
sin femur and wall. Not found in stores.
Organic substance. Frag, Black. Unknown
position.
Bhr 1960:07 (SHM 27296:7.
ATA 1599/1963 & 2791/1965
grave 7/60.Trotzig I 99 1 a:20 1 -204)
Excavated by Karin Hager.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, section, 13 photo-
graphs of structure -j- 9 of finds.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 270 x 60 x 80 cm,
245°, with sporadic stones in the fill. SW
half robbed.
BD: Inhumation, extended on back, de-
stroyed from femora headwards^ head orig
at SW end.
Beard axe head. Trotzig 1991 a:204, plate 9n.
Downward haft flaps. Wood remains in hole.
L 130 mm. Orig edge w96 mm. Found on
dx femur with edge pointing sin and haft
orig pointing towards head.
Amber amulet. Trotiig 1991 a:204, plate 9r.
WKG II: 172: 1 1. Coarsely cut into the shape
of an axe. Pierced. Found beneath bronze
bowl at sin lower leg.
Bead,Trotzigl991a:204, plate 91. 1 brl red.
Unknown position.
Knife- Trotzig 1 99 1 a:204, plate 9m. 3 frags,
reassembled in conservation. Fused wdth line
ornamented leather sheath with cover
mount. Found in sec pos in torso region.
Extant I tot l44 mm.
Knife sbeath cover moimt. Trotiig 1991 a:204,
plate 9m. Wriggle ornamented bronze sheet.
Fused with knife.
Brass sheet howl. Trotzig 1991 a#9.ForshelI
1992:65. table 5-8. Frags. Unadorned. Ext
rim diam 289-290 mm. Height c. 70 mm.
Placed on lower legs.
Wooden object. Frags. From lid of either
coffin or bowl. Found in brass bowl.
2 wooden containers. Trotzig 1991a:204,
plate 9hi. Frags. Cylindrical, with a wall of
thin wood-shaving fastened to a disc-shaped
bottom. 5 complete and 1 unfinished s-
145
Bhrl960
shaped ornament on under-side of larger con-
tainer. Base place diam 57 & 65 mm when
excavated, slightly shrunk in conservation.
Orig height unknown. Found in brass bowl.
4 eggs. Shell frags. Domestic hen, Callus
gallus /J(/mesiicus{Trotz\^ 1991a:204, deter-
mined by Johannes Lepiksaar in 1965).
Found on top offish skeleton in brass bowl.
Fish skeleton. Pike, Esox lucius, Sw. giidda, 1
c. 450 mm (Trotzig 1991 a;204, determined
by Johannes Lepiksaar in 1965). Found
coiled in brass bowl on top of plant remains.
Plant remains. Coltsfoot leaves, Tussilago
farfaru {Trotzig 1991a:204, determined by
apothecary Wolmar E. Bondeson in 1 973).
Found inside bottom of brass bowl.
Insect remains. Prob remains of fly pupae
[determined byjohannes Lepiksaar 1973).
Plant remains. Unknown species. Found
beneath brass bowl.
Wooden dish. Trotzig 1991a:204, plate 9o.
Frag, held together and preserved by a
wriggled bronze sheet repair mount. The
mount seals a crack and is folded asymmetri-
cally over the rim of the dish and riveted
through with 2 rivets. At the lower end of
the mount is a single bronze nail hammered
through the mount into the inside of the
dish. Two unused rivet holes are found near
the apex of the rim. Rim 3 mm thick. Found
beside pot.
\tssel ting mount, Trot^ig 199 la: 204, plate
9q. Bronze wire ring with tapered ends
twisted around each other. The ring is held
by a bronze wire staple set throjgh a bronze
sheet rectangle and into the base, prob wood.
The rectangle has also been nailed to the base
with one bronze nail in each corner. Ext ring
diam 28 mm. Plate 21 x 14 mm. Max nail/
staple depth 12 mm. Found with wooden
dish frag beside pot.
Pot. Frags. Reconstructible. Neck, shoulder,
inward -slanting side, slightly turned-out bot-
tom edge. Light brown surface^ dark grey core,
extremely coarsely tempered (fine gravel), 8
mm thick. Orig height c. 75 mm. Found at
extreme foot^^'ard end of trench.
6 ornamental hronze rivets. Trotzig 1 991 a:204,
plate 9]. 3 fairly intact + frags. Domed bronze
sheet heads with raised bumps along edge,
pierced centrally with bronze pins. Found
with leather frags. Head diam 9.5 mm. Span
3 mm. Found in head region.
Testile frag. Medium-fine twill. With 6 mm
wide hem. Found at axe head.
7 hronze frags. 1 with preserved twisted tex-
tile thread. Found in sec pos in torso region.
Iron object, Trotzig 1991 a:204, plate 9k. 2
fused parallel striated iron rods incrusted
with bronze wire. With textile remains. Belt
ornament according to Trotzig. Extant 1 39
mm. Found in head region.
Animal tooth.
Bhr 1960:08 (SHM 27296:8. ATA
1599/1963 grave 8/60.WKG 1:83)
Excavated by Karin Hiiger.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, section, 42 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist 300 x 50 x 55 cm,
184°, with abundant remnants of structural
timbers in sides, sandstone end slabs and
sandstone cover flakes. Located closely par-
allelEofBhr 196l:09.
BD: Inhumation, extended on back in S part
of cist^ head turned dx^ badly decayed, 184°.
Beard axe head. \VKG 1:33:14. Corroded.
Tripartite protrusion at lower edge. With
remains of medium-coarse textile. Orig fas-
tened to the dx belt strap loop. Orig Ic. 130
mm. Orig edge w c. 70 mm. Found between
dx femur and wall. Haft orig oriented to-
wards head.
2 penannular brooches, Carlsson 1938 35:23-
29: type FAGS A^ore:aI&DJU;RUNA^ore:a
II; per D. WKG 1:83:2, 1 . Diam 27 & 38 mm.
Found at throat.
Amber amulet. WKG 1:83:3. Axe-shaped.
Pierced. Found at wall in sin foot region.
Bead. WKG 1:83:5. 1 brl red. Found be-
tween sin shoulder and wall.
Belt strap leather frags.
Strap buckle. WKG 1:83:4. From belt, found
on dx half of pelvis.
Strap joiner. WKG 1:33:7. TOth 3 palmetto
animal-head strap mounts. From belt, found
^1 dx side.
Strap joiner. WKG 1:33:8. With 2 palmetto
animal-head strap mounts and 1 corroded
iron strap mount. From belt, found at sin
side.
60 ornamental strap mounts. Bronze and sil-
ver. 23 heart-shaped (WKG 1:83:9). 19 chev-
ron-shaped with 2 angular protrusions [WKG
1:83:11). 11 chevron-shaped with 3 angular
protrusions (WKG 1:83:10). 2 fish-shaped
(WKG 1:83:12), one used as a strap end mount
at the axe, the other incomplete. Strap well
mm. Found in situ at waist, showing that the
mount-studded belt had a likewise mount-
studded strap loop hanging from the dx strap
joiner to the middle of the thighs securing the
axe.
Knife. WKG 1:83:13. Fused with antler/bone
handle and leather sheath, stitched with bronze
strip and covered by a sheath mount. Orig fas-
tened to sin strap joiner by sheath ring mount.
Knife butt staple ring, WKG 1:33: 13. Ribbed
staple ring. Found in situ on knife butt.
Knife sheath- WKG 1:33: 13. Leather stitched
together with bronze strip. Fused with knife.
Knife sheath cover mount. WKG 1:83:13.
Bronze sheet, apparently unadorned, fused
with knife.
Knife sheath ring mount. WKG 1:83:13.
Cast bronze loop with ornamented fasten-
ing plates and bronze ring. Found in situ on
knife sheath.
Bronze rivet. WKG 1:33:6. Comb-style rivet
found at knife handle. A comb would have
left more than one rivet and, in view of the
preserved knife handle, at least a few antler
frags.
Pot. Hulthen 1991 #22, fig. lb. WKG 1:435.
Baltic WarCr Wheel-turned. Turned-out rim,
neck, barrel-shaped body. Three sets of hori-
zontal ornament Hnes. Variant mark on un-
derside. Rim diam 150 mm. Base diam 35
mm. Height 125 mm. Found at N end of cist.
Textile frags. Found on knife.
Unhurnt bone frags. Found at pot.
Bhr I 960:09 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 1/60)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, 4 photographs.
Ss: Uncertain structural relation to nearby
partly excavated igneous stone layer.
Is: Inhumation trench. N half cut away by
road-ditch. Covered by road.
BD: Inhumation^ 594 g, extended on bach,
destroyed from proximal ends of femora
headwords, 340°. 1 adult prob female-sex
human (report 11, Molnar 1998).
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1960:10a (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 2a/60)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans^ photo section, 2 pho-
tographs + 1 of finds.
Ss:-
Is: Cremation pit 160 x lOOx 25 cm topped
with igneous stones.
BD: Cremation 3 litres, 2230 g. Bone con-
centration 60x 25 cm in E half of Is. 1 adult
indet-sex human. 1 indet-sex human, 0-12
vearsold. 1 adult dog, Alsatian size or slightly
smaller. (Report II. Molnar 1 998.)
>=5 gaining pieces, 6 frags. Domed. Max
diam 20 mm.
146
Bhrl960
Disc broocli, KHN type lib. Cf. VZG 93,
per Xni:!. Warped edge frag with one fea-
tureless and one hollow side. Orig diam c.
30 mm. Height 4 mm.
Bead. 1 bri orange.
Bronze strip mount. 2 frags. Double edge
line. W 1 3 mm. Extant I 39 mm.
Comb. 1 1 frags, 7 grip rib + 4 tooth plate.
Triple edge line. Central lozenge of double
lines. 4 bronze comb rivets, including 1 with
square bronze sheet cojnterwasher. Rivet 1
] 0-1 2 mm. Except for rivets^ all frags found
by osteologist.
Bronze wire ting. Open. Diametrically op-
posite wear-marks. Diam 12 mm.
Ornamental bronze rivet. Warped slightly
domed cast bronze head with brohen-off
central rivet stem. Orig diam c. 37 mm.
12 bronze sheet (rags. Warped. Max I 25
mm.
Iron strip frig. W 11 mm. Extant 1 30 mm.
Iron sheet frag. Irregularly shaped, c. 50 x
30 X 2 mm.
Unbiirnt fish bone. 1 vertebra. Prob Neo-
lithic. Diam 4 mm. Crushed by Swedish Mail
on its way to osteological examination.
Bhr 1960:10b (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 2b/60)
Excavated by Peter Mannehe.
Picdoc: Plan.
Ss: Uncertain structural relation to Bhr
1961:22.
Is: Cremation pit 50 x 50 x 12 cm. Partly
covered by E edge of Bhr 196l:22.
BD: Cremation 0.3 Ltres, 192 g, 1 adult
prob male-sex human. 1 infant 0-t years
human. (Report II. Molnar 1998.)
3 beads. 3 amorph indet colour. Found by
osteologist.
Bronze tod frag. From dress pin or brooch
pin? 1 1.5 X 3 mm. Found by osteologist.
Stone Age flint ftag. 1 retouched edge.
Found by osteologist.
Bhr 1960:1 I (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 3/60)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: Plan.
Ss:-
Ib: Cremation layer 190 x 130 x 8 cm.
BD: Cremation 13.5 Ltres, 866l g. 1 adult
indet-sex human. 1 large adult horse. 1 small
adult horse. 2 adult dogs. 1 adult ovicaprid.
[Report V, Svensson 1999.)
Seax. W&G type SAXl . 2 frags. Blade-tang
joint destroyed by corrosion. Point missing.
Cylindrical knob on tang end. Orig 1 tot c.
360 mm. Orig blade I c 240 mm. Max ex-
tant blade w 30 mm. Found pointing NE
immediately outside NNWedge of layer.
Pommel mount. Fig. 10:12 A. W&G type
SP2. Cf VZG 515> per VII: 1. Warped frag.
W 17 mm. Found in cremation layer.
Iron sheet scahhatd edge mounts. 12 frags.
U-shaped cross-section. L tot 330 mm. Found
in cremation layer.
Proto-animal-liead htoocb. Fig. 10:12 B.
KHN type G4a. Cf \'ZG 5-1 1. per Vll:l.
3 identifiable frags. Composite. Separate
axis. Cast fake spring. Axis 1 c. 30 mm. Bow
w c. l4 mm.
Proto- animal -head brooch. Fig. 10:12 C.
Outline cf VZG 824, per V1I:2. 1 identifi-
able frag, uncertain decoration type. Cast in
one piece. Iron pin.
Dress pin. Fig. 10:1 2D. 3 frags, 1 fused with
hey frag. Mushroom head with cross orna-
ment. Double cuff Line ornamented stem.
>=38 beads. Petre 1 9S4 type P4. 7 amorph
red. 2 brI red. 5 amorph yellow. 4 amorph
green. 2 amorph tlucpale turquoise and yel-
low. 2 amorph white with wavy blach-yel-
low-black equator. 1 obi qcon red. 1 brI
white. 1 amorph black. 1 amorph tluc tur-
quoise. 1 amorph tluc blue and turquoise. 1
amorph tluc turquoise and red. >= 1
amorph of indeterminable colour.
Strap hiiclde. Fig. 1 0: 1 2 E. 2 frags, incom-
plete. Composite. Profiled oval frame frag.
Bronze sheet fastening plate with hole for
tongue, orig folded around frame. W l6.5
mm.
Strap buckle. Fig. 10:12 F. Composite.
Pierced iron strip fastening plate folded
around iron frame. Cast cruciform bronze
tongue. 2 rivets with cast domed bronze heads
on fastening plate. Strap w 12 mm. Extant I
tot 50 mm.
Iron strap buckle. Fig. 10:12 G. Oval iron
rod frame with vestiges of iron sheet fasten-
ing plate. Tongue missing. Strap w 17.5 mm.
Strap mount. Fig. 11:12 H. W&G type
RRla. 2 fitting frags. Rectangular. Punch or-
namented. Hollow bach-side. 3 rivets with
domed heads at one end. 1 loose rivet. W
16 mm. Height 3^3.5 mm. Span 6 mm.
2 strap loop mounts. Fig. 10:12 1. Bronze
strips folded over and riveted through with
single rivets with domed heads. W 8 mm.
Front I 13 mm.
Strap loop mount? Fig. 10: 12 J. Frag. Bronze
strip bent orthogonally to shallow U-shape.
W 6 mm.
Handle conih. Fig. 10:12 K. Frags, 2 end
plate + 6 tooth plate. Handle formed by a
thickened ornate extension of the central
tooth plate, not covered by the grip ribs.
Dot-circles and double edge lines on handle.
Dot-circles and triple edge lines on end-
plates. Rust-stained rivet holes.
Bronze key. Fig. 10:12 L. 1 frag, fused with
dress pin frag. >=3 prongs.
Knife. 3 frags. Blade w 1 2 mm.
Spindlewliorl. Fig. 10:12 M. Warped frag.
Bone. Diam 25-30 mm. Hole diam 9 mm.
Height 10 mm.
Iron loop mount. Fig. 10:12 N. Double ta-
pered iron mount with loop at end, orig fes-
tened at the end of a rod. Both fastening plates
preserved when found. Orig I 44 mm. Ex-
tant 1 32 mm. Rod diam c 8 mm.
Pot. Fig. 10:12 P. Frags, reconstructible.
Stamp ornamented. 3 stamps in 4 slightly ir-
regular horizontal belts: diagonal grid triangle,
5x3 grid rectangle, 2 concentric circles^ re-
peat triangle stamp upside down. Turned-out
rim, neck, bulb, flat base. Finely tempered
ware, terracotta-grey throughout. 5 mm thick
at shoulder Rim diam 102 mm. Min neck
diam 92 mm 15 mm below rim. Max diam
156 mm 78 mm below rim. Bottom diam
85 mm. Stamp belt 40-90 mm below rim.
Height c l40 mm. Found in a 20 cm diam
concentration inside N edge of pit.
Pottery. 5 frags. Medium-coarsely tempered.
Pale grey-brown surface. Black core. 8 mm
thick.
2 bronze sheet spangles, 1 intact + 1 frag.
Domed. No central hole. Diam 10.5 mm.
3 ornamental bronze rivets. Fig. 10:12 O.
2 intact + 1 frag. Domed heads. Polygonal
counter washers. Head diam 75, 72, 53 mm.
Span 6.5 & 9 mm.
>=6 composite rivets. Iron stems. Polygonal
bronze sheet counterwashers. Span 9 mm.
Bronze sheet counter washer. Frag. Rectan-
gular. With bronze pin rivet frag. W4 mm.
Bronze sheet counter^vasher. Frag. Round.
Funnel-shaped. Orig diam c. 1 1 mm.
Iron rivet. Pointhammered flat without coun-
terwasher. Head diam 15 mm. Stem thick-
ness 4 mm. Span 18 mm.
>=8 composite nails. Frags. Cast domed
bronze heads with iron stems. Max 1 27 mm.
Bend span 21 mm.
Iron nails. 4 frags. 1 bent. Stem thickness
2.5 mm.
Bronze sheet fi^ags, c. 0.05 litres. Melted.
Prob 2 sheet qualities. Max I 29 mm.
Iron strip, 2 frags, fit together. \C 1-15 mm.
Extant I c. 100 mm.
147
Bhr 1960:1
B
H
^
K
L^
l^
M
N
Fig. IO;l2.Bhr 1960;! I. Scale I :l , except punch marks I 0; I. Drawings by Stefan Kayat.
148
Bhrl960;l
4 -ipp'
Fig. IO:l2.Bhr 1960:1 I . Pot drawn by Cecilia Bonnevier.
C. 50 iron &ags. B^dly corroded. Fused with
bone. Max 1 27 mm.
14 bear phalanges.
2 lynx phalanges- 2 frags.
Gtey seal tooth. Uiibumc. Prob Neolithic.
Bhr 1960:12 (ATA 2863/2001
feature 4/60)
No burial indications. Excavated by Peter
Mannehe.
Picdoc: Plan.
Pit with dark fill 30 s 30 X 15 cm.
No finds.
Bhr I 960:1 3 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 5/60)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: Photo plan, section, 2 photographs.
Ss:-
Ik Pit 290 X 1 10 X 20 cm with sooty fill and
two distinct side-by-side cremation layers con-
taining material from the same pyre. In the N
half of the same pit as Bhr 1960:15, a crema-
tion layer 140 X 60x 15 cm with sandstone and
igneous covering stone layer ISOx 120 cm.
BD: Cremation 9 litres, 6l 5S g. 1 adult male-
sex human. Prob 1 adult prob female-sex hu-
man. 1 child 5-10 years human. 1 adult dog. 1
adult horse. 1 adult cow 1 adjlt ovicaprid. 1
adult pig, tusk frag, possibly Neolithic (Report
II.Molnar]998.)
Seax.W&G type SAXl. 2 frags. Point miss-
ing c. 25 mm. Folded. Central tang. Extant
blade I 215 mm. Extant I tot 310 mm. Max
blade w 33 mm. Flaking with rust in Jan j-
ary 1997.
Arrow^ head. Indeterminable type. 2 frags.
Lancet shaped. Socketed. Fused with bone.
2 iron strap buckles- Type GU7. c. 10 frags.
Iron sheet fastening plate with hole for
tongue, folded around oval rod frame. 2 side-
by-side rivets. Orig 1 tot 3S & 40 mm. Plate
2S&30X 17 mm. Span 4 mm.
Comb. Frags, nearly complete^ partly glued
together, reconstructibler Triple edge line and
transversals, also on end plates. Orig burnt t
c. l60 mm. Max orig grip rib w c. 20 mm.
Alternating iron (prob orig?) & bronze (prob
orig 3) rivets. Domed bronze spangles held
by bronze rivets. Loose: 2 bronze rivets^ 2
spangle frags, 1 iron rivet. Spangle diam 9
mm, one 12 mm. Many frags fojnd by oste-
ologist. Further frags fitting with these fojnd
in Bhr 1960:15.
Knife. Indeterminable type. Folded. Tang end
missing. 3 mm edge offset. Blade I 88 mm.
Extant I tot 131 mm. Max blade w 19 mm.
Max blade thickness 3 mm.
Knife. Indeterminable type. Bent. Tang miss-
ing. Point missing c. 15 mm. Extantbladel75
mm. Orig max blade w 19 mm.
Knife. Indeterminable type. Blade frag 58 x
25 X 3 mm. Wide break shows folding.
4 knife frags. All possibly belonging to afore-
mentioned knives.
Whetstone. Limestone. 36 x 30 x 20 mm.
Found 20 cm E of cremation layer. Not
found in stores.
149
Bhrl960
Bronze slieel vessel, >100 fl^c or slightly
curved ir^gs, some of them found by osteo-
logist. Sheet thickness 0.9 mm. Max frag 1
c. 30 mm.
2 composite rivets. Frags. Iron stem with
rhomboid bronze sheet counter was her. Span
9 mm.
2 iron rivets. Rhomboid counterwashers. 1
fused with bone frags. Head diam 7-9 mm.
Span 7 mm.
Iron rivet. Span 1 1 mm.
>=1 1 nails. 17 frags. Domed heads. Driven
through wood and bent on other side. Head
diam 7.5-9 mm. Span 6-9 mm.
4 nails. 4 frags. 1 bent. Flat heads. Head
diam 4 mm. L 24-27 mm.
2 iron objects. Corroded. Flat, curved,
twisted at one point. Fused with bone. L S5
& 65 mm.
Iron strip frig. Fused with bone. W9.5 mm.
Extant 1 c. 25 mm,
12 iron frags. Fused with bone. Max diam
] 2 mm .
5 bear phalanges. Found by osteologist.
Further phalanges found in Bhr 1960;15.
Unbiirnt seal hone. Metacarpal II. Prob
Neolithic. Further seal bones found in Bhr
1960:15.
Unbiirnt ovicaprid tooth. Frags. Found out-
side NE edge of cremation layer. Another
one found in Bhr 1960:15.
Bhr 1960:14 (ATA 2863/2001
feature 6/60)
No burial indications. Excavated by Peter
Manneke.
Picdoc: Plan.
Pit 100 X 85 X 10 cm with dark fill and a
few burnt stones.
No Rnds.
Bhr 1960:15 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 7/60)
Side layer for the cremation deposit of Bhr
1960:13. Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: Photo plan, section, 2 photographs.
Ss:-
Is: Pit 290x1 10x20 cm with sooty fill and
two distinct side-by-side cremation layers
containing material from the same pyre. In
the S half of the same pit as Bhr I960: 13, a
cremation layer SO x 60 x 10 cm covered
with a sandstone slab.
BD: Cremation 2.2 litres, 1476 g. 1 adult
female-sex human. 1 adult male-sex human.
1 dog, medium size. 1 pig. 1 seal^ species
uncertain, jawbone, prob Neolithic. (Report
II. Molnar 1998.)
Strap buckle, Cf. VZG 296-302. per VII: 1.
Composite. Pierced bronze sheet fastening
plate folded around oval bronze rod frame.
1 rivet. Strap w 13 mm. Plate w 10 mm. L
tot 25 mm.
Comb. Frags, 15 grip rib + 7 tooth plate + 5
teeth; several of them found by osteologist.
Reconstructible. Prob orig B tooth plates.
Triple edge line, also on end plates. Groups
of transversal lines separated by small paired
dot circles near ends. Traces of \ spangled rivet
head. Peaked tooth plate top profile. Iron riv-
ets on a single line, 3 extant, I 12 mm. These
frags fit with the comb in Bhr I960: 13.
Bronze sbeet frag,
2 bear phalanges. Found by osteologist.
Unbiirnt ovicaprid tootli,
2 unbutnt grey seal bones. Vertebra and
cranial frag. Prob Neolithic.
Bhr 1960:16 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
feature 8/60)
No burial indications. Excavated by Peter
Manneke.
Picdoc; Photo plan.
Single-layer igneous stone cluster 130x 120
cm.
No finds.
Bhr 1960:17 (ATA 2863/2001
feature 9/60)
No burial indications. Covered bv road.
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Partly excavated (4x2 m) irregular igne-
ous stone cluster.
No finds.
Bhr I 960:1 8a (SHM pending
allocation.ATA 0174/1 999
grave I a/60)
Excavated and collapsed fill sieved by Peter
Manneke.
Picdoc: Photo plan, photo section^ 2 pho-
tographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pit 40 x 40 x 30-40 cm with
steep sides and flat bottom. W edge cut by
gravel pit.
BD: Cremation 0.5 litres. 396 g. 1 adult
indet-sex human. 1 adult horse. (Report V.
Svensson 1999.)
Penannular brooch. Warped and melted frag.
Globular rib at middle. Rhomboid cross-sec-
tion (rom:a). Punch ornamented. Judging
from Carlsson's sample ( 1 988) probably type
Â¥AC:SfV [19 rom:a incidences), DJU:VI/V
(6rom:a) or DJU:RUNA^ (2 rom:a); per D
or possibly D/E. Orig diam >50 mm.
Strap end mount, Cf. WKG 11:133:15-16.
8-shaped Urnes style animal. Straight-ended
fastening plate. Single rivet. L tot 43 mm.
Strap w 12 mm.
Conih, 2 grip rib frags. Horizontal hne orna-
ment. 3 rivet holes. 1 bronze rivet. W 7 mm.
3 bronze rivets. Melted and fused. Rhom-
boid counterwashers. Span 4 mm. Stem
thickness <1 mm.
Iron nail. Frag. Head diam 7 mm. Extant 1
1 9 mm.
Bronze sheet (rag. Warped. 15x10x2 mm.
Bhr 1960:18b (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 01 74/1 999
grave I Ob/60)
Excavated and collapsed fill sieved by Peter
Manneke.
Picdoc: Photo plan, photo section, 2 pho-
tographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pit 40 x 40 x 30-40 cm with
steep sides and flat bottom. W edge cut by
gravel pit,
BD: Cremation, 96 frags, 42 g. 1 adult indet-
sex human. (Report V, Svensson 1999.)
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1961:01 (SHM 27739:1/61 .ATA
5181/1963 grave I/6I.WKG l:49a-b)
Accidentally destroyed by workmen during
turf removal in late I960. Dump soil sieved
and finds collected by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: -
Ss; None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Shallow inhumation trench. Dug partly
into surface of Bhr 1961:1c.
BD: Inhumation^ child judging from the
slight original dimensions indicated by the
post-turf-removal surface.
Armring.WKG l:49a:8. Open, overlapping
ends.
Finger ring. WKG I;49a:7. Open^ overlap-
ping ends. Flat bronze rod. Found in situ
20 cm W of stone cover of Bhr 1961:1c.
Box-shaped brooch. WKG 1 :49a: 1 top view.
WKG ll:5S\5 bottom view. Thunmark-
Nylen 1983 type D 15.
2 animal-bead brooches. Carlsson 1983
35:13-14: type 5.3.N & 5.5.L; per C & D.
WKG l:49a:2-3. L 53 & 53 mm.
Dress pin. WKG I:49a:4. Head missing.
60 heads. WKG l:49a:6. 7 lemon-shaped
green. 7brlgreen. 7brl pale blue with 3 eroded
equatorial dots. 5 l^lob vellow. 5 2-segment
150
Bhrl96l
yellow. 3 brl orange. 2 disc clue green diani 1 7
& 20 mm. 2 ring tluc cobalt blue. 2 brl blue
with eroded wide equator. 2 brl red. 2 brl am-
ber. 2 disc amber. 1 fglob amber. 1 l^lob rock
crystal. 1 brl cornelian. 1 cyl red & black with
eroded equatorial green & yellow streaks. 1
qcub green. 1 wedge black with 1 yellow dot.
] bicon tluc pale green. 1 brl black with red
polar caps & complicated red-wkite-yellow
millefiori. 1 brl tluc green with horizontal red
& yellow streaks. 1 oblong hexagonal cross-
section green. 1 brl tluc dark turquoise with 1
eroded equatorial dot. 1 wedge chaoticcolours,
mostly red &. green on black. 1 brl tluc green.
1 found inside finger ring. 1 found beside fin-
ger ring. 3-4 found inside box brooch.
Silver spiral bead. \VKG I:49a;6a. Spheri-
cal bead made of beaded wire. Worn hole.
Bead spacer. WKG I;49a:5. T-shaped cross-
section. 9 holes.
Utensil brooch. WKG I:49b;l5. S protru-
sions. 3 chains [WKG l:49b;l6-18).
Comb. WKG I;49b:9. Reconstructible.
Composite key, WKG l:49b:ll. Handle
frag. 3 bronze bands fused with iron rods.
Composite key WKG 1:4 9b: 12. Handle frag.
4-part iron handle body with bronze knobs
at ends and middle. With textile remains.
Knife, WKG I:49b;10. Frag. Fused with
leather sheath and wood remains.
Pot, c. 40 frags. Terracotta surface, black
core, coarsely tempered, 10 mm thick.
12 iron frags. With textile remains and in
one case bronze.
Bhr l96l:Cla(5HM27739:la/fil.
ATA 5181/1963 grave la/61.
WKG 1:46)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, section, 10 photo-
graphs.
Ss; None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 110 x 40 x 30 cm,
l40°, with sporadic stone cover and 1 sand-
stone edge slab. Located immediately at S
endofBhrl96l:01c&d.
BD: Inhumation child, only badly decayed
skull preserved, head at SE end.
Box^shaped brooch. WKG 1:46: 1 . Cf VZG
2159-2166. per V1I:5, WKG U:53:2A.
Thunniark-Nylen 1995c;118. 4 top-fields.
Remnants of iron pin mojnted in second-
ary hole throjgh side. Diam49 mm. Height
17.5 mm. Found in chest region. Early Vi-
king Period heirloom.
2 dress pins. Rundqvist Nilsson 1 990 type
A4b, Late Viking period. WKG 1:46:2-3. L
73.5 & 75 mm. Found in chest region point-
ing from brooch towards shoulders.
4 beads. WKG 1:46:4-7. 1 brl amber. 1
pumpkin yellow. 1 brl yellow. 1 brl green.
diam 6 mm. Found at brooch.
Knife. WKG 1:46:8. Well-preserved. Off-set
tang. Curved blade back. Wood remains on
tang. L tot 131 mm. Blade I 53 mm. Found
in abdominal region pointing towards brooch.
Bronze vnre twining. Orig twined zigzag
around something oblong, diam c. 1 mm.
With organic remains. Found in foot region.
Not found in stores.
2 horn frags. Found at brooch.
Bhr 1961:01b (SHM 27739:lb/6l.
ATA SI 81/1963 grave lb/61.
WKG l:47a-c)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotiig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans, section, 15 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 150 x 30 x 55 cm^
155°, with covering stone layer. Wooden cof-
fin c. l45 X 50 cm indicated by in situ nails
inside. Located closely parallel E of Bhr
196l:0ld.
BD: Inhumation; child judging from coffin
length and arm ring diam; only teeth pre-
served; head oriented S. Jewellery apparently
placed between head and S end of cist, pos-
sibly in a riveted casket.
Arm ring. WKG l:47c:9. Closed. 2-part
twisted tapered bronze rod. Found in S third
of cist.
Box-shaped brooch. WKG l:47a:l top view
WKG 11:5 8:2 bottom view. Thunmark-Nylen
1983 type D 15. Found in S third of cist.
2 animal-head brooches. Carlsson 19S3
35:15-16; both type 5.5.N; per C. WKG
I:47a:2-3. L 575 & 57.5 mm. Found in S
third of cist.
2 dress pins. WKG L47a:4-5. Spiral orna-
mented globular siU'er heads made from west-
ern European or insular beads [Rundqvist
Nilsson 1990:40). 1 with remnants of iron
stem. 1 with bronze stem. Found in S third of
cist.
20 fish-head pendants. WKG I:47b:3.
KHN type S2g3. Found in S third of cist.
Bronze bead. Gilded. Oblong with round
cross-section, surface divided by line grid
into small square points. 3.4 x 6.3 mm.
Ill beads. lOS found instores. WKG L47b:6.
18 f^lob yellow. l6 brl orange. 13 brl red. 10
disc clamshell. 9 brl green. 6 2-segment gold
foliate. 6 qcub green. 4 f^lob turquoise. 4 brl
green with red polar caps and white + black
polar circles. 3 obi hexagonal cross-section
green. 23-segment gold foliate. 2 brl with sur-
face divided into red, white and black longi-
tudinal stripes. 2 brl green with red equator. 1
Iglobrockcrystal. 1 ^lob turquoise. 1 briindet
colour. 1 obi cyl white. 1 fglob white. 1 cyl
white. 1 bicon amber. 1 brl red, white & black
millefiori. 1 brl green with indet colour equa-
torial dots. 1 pumpkin green. 1 brl green with
red polar caps. 1 pumpkin turquoise. 1 brl due
blue with scattered red pupil white iris eyes.
Found in 3 concentrations in S third of cisL
2 bead spacers. WKG L47b: 7. 13 holes each.
Found in S third of cist.
Utensil brooch. WKG 1:47c: 10. 8 protru-
sions, 1 missing. 3 chains [WKG l:47c:ll-
13), 1 ending in the remains of an iron ring
orig holding key, 1 ending in a small lime-
stone (?) plate. With textile frags. Found in
5 third of cist.
Comb. WKG I:47c:17. 2 cast ornamented
bronze grip ribs with remnants of tooth
plates. Iron rivets. Found in N third of cist.
Composite key. WKG I:47c:l4. Droplet-
shaped cast bronze loop with 4 ccb knobs.
Remnants of iron bit. Textile frags in corro-
sion. Orig fastened to iron ring on utensil
brooch.
Knife. WKG I:47c:l5. Marked blade back
offset. Found in S third of cist pointing S.
Iron knife butt staple, WKG I:47c:18.
Found at central knife.
Knife. WKG Ir47c:l6. Found at S end of
cist.
19 coffin nails. WKG 1:47b. With wood
remains. L 77-109 mm.
6 iron rivets, WKG l:47c:19. Found in S
third of cist.
Animal bones. Thick long bones. Found at
S end of cist.
Bhr l96l:0lc(SHM 27739:lc/6l.
ATA 5181/1963 grave lc/61.
WKG 1:43)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans, section^ 15 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 210 s 70 x 60 cm, 351°,
with stone block cover topped by a finer stone
layer. Find positions indicate that something
had been pulled from the dx pelvic area, across
the torso and the sin shoulder, and through
the wall of the trench ss. the NE corner, prob
during the construction of 196l:0ld. Slightly
cut by Bhr 196l:01 & Old2.
BD: Inhumation^ only teeth preserved, head
oriented N.
Penannular brooch- Carlsson 1988 35:30;
Bhrl96l
typeTRA/JRA 5ex:b+ore:c I,H; per C. WKG
1:43:1. Diani 95 mm. Fojrnd in lower 5in
chest region.
Amber amulet. WKG 1:43:10. Axe-shaped.
Found ill sin shoulder region.
3 beads. WKG 1:43:7-9. 1 brl white. 1 obi
re ct cross-section red. 1 brl amber. Found in
sin shoulder region.
Strap bnclcle. WKG 1:43:2. Composite.
From beltr Found in pelvic region with fas-
tening plate pointing sin.
Strap end mount. WKG 1:43:3. Cast Borre
style ornamentation. From belt. Found in
pelvic region.
Strap joiner. WKG 1:43:4. 3 line ornamented
trapezoid strap mountsjoined by a ring. Found
with knife in sec pos in dx chest region.
8 strap end mounts. WKG 1:43:6. Horizon-
tal disc-shaped terminations. From belt tas-
sels. Found in pelvic region.
27 bronze spiral beads, WKG 1:43:5- From
belt tassels. Found in pelvic region and sec
pos along a line toward NE end of trench.
Knife. WKG 1:43:11. With fragments of
leather sheath and wooden handle. Found with
strap joiner in sec pos in dx chest region.
Iron knife butt staple, WKG 1:43:11. 2
frags, complete. U-shaped. With wood re-
mains. Found at knife.
WKetstone. WKG 1:43:12. Slate. Found
above dx head region.
Bhr 1961 :0ldl,2(SMM 27739:1 d/61.
ATA SI 81/1963 grave I d/61 .Trotzig
I99la:205-208.WKG l:45ab)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans, section, 23 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 210 x 80 x 95 cm,
173°, with stone block cover topped by a finer
stone layer. Dug parallel and slightly into E
side of Bhr 196l:01c. Also apparently dug
into Bhr 196l:0ldl^ destroying it completely
and mixing the contents of the two graves.
BD: 2 mixed burials.
1, Distjrbed cremation prob predating
inhumation trench. Bone frags and soot
found strewn through S half of 2.
2. Inhumation^ only teeth preserved,
head orig at S end. Finds found pressed
against E wall, probably as a result of a
bed collapsing.
Burial 1:
Animal-head brooch. Carlsson 1983
35:17; type 5.2.N;perC. WKG 1:45 a:4.
Superficially burnt neck-side and slightly
warped base-plate. L 60 mm. Found be-
tween sin shoulder of 2 and wall.
2 beads. WKG I:45a:10. Both melted.
1 amorph tluc green, found in sieved de-
posits from N half of trench. 1 pump-
kin dark blue^ fojnd in head region of
2.
Knife, WKG l:45a:13-l4. Bent. Rem-
nants of leather sheath on point. Un-
certain blade/ tang joint. Orig blade I c.
80 mm. Found between sin shoulder of
2 and wall.
Limestone spindlewhorl. WKG I:45b:32
top view. WKG 11:213:16 side view.
Found between sin shoulder of 2 and
wall.
Burial 2:
Box^shaped brooch. WKG I:45a:l.
Thunmark-Nylen 1983 type BS 2. Gil-
ded, double top. Found in central chest
region.
2 aniniaJ-bead brooches. Carlsson 1983
35:18-19: both type 5.5.N; per C WKG
r:45a:2-3. WKG 11:23:2. L 51.5 & 51
mm. Found at shoulders.
Dress pin, RundqvistNilsson 1990 type
A4a. Middle Viking Period. WKG
r:45a:7. Head orig cast in 2 pieces, 1 of
which was not found in the grave. Rem-
nants of iron stem. Found in foot re-
gion.
Dress pin, RundqvistNilsson 1990 type
A4a. Middle Viking Period. WKG
r:45a:6. L 78 mm. Found in sin head
region.
Dress pin, RundqvistNilsson 1990 type
Bl, Late Viking Period. WKG I:45a:5.
L 73.5 mm. Found in neck region.
Tongue pendant. WKG I:45a:S. L 66
mm. Found in pelvic region.
Spoon pendant. WKG I:45a:9. L 26
mm. Found 3(. SW corner
Bronze ring, WKG l:45b:29. Cast with
3 ccb ornaments. Ext diam 36.5 mm.
Found in sin abdominal region.
Amber amulet. WKG I:45a: 1 L Pierced.
End cut in two points. Found at feet.
11 beads- WKG I:45a:10. 3 lemon-
shaped pale blue with red-yellow-red
eyes and 2 tropical lines of punctures. I
cyl pale blue. 1 brl orange. 1 lemon-
shaped yellow. 1 cub red. 1 ring blue. 1
fglob amber, diam 17 mm. 1 brl green
with a thin red streak. I brl tluc blue
with alternating yellow eyes with red
pupils and white stars. Found strewn
from head region to pelvic region.
Utensil brooch, WKG I:45b:21. Trape-
zoid. Iron tongue. 4 chains of S-shaped
links (WKG r:45b:22-25), 2 fastened to
brooch with iron rings. Orig holding
keys, rattle and knife. Chain 1 c. 190
mm. Chain 7 mm thick. Found between
dx abdomen and wall.
Bronze rattle. WKG I:45b:26. Line or-
namented. 24 X 30 mm. Fastened to
utensil brooch chain with a bronze wire
loop.
Composite key WKG I:45b:27. Cast
droplet-shaped ornamented bronze
handle with trapezoid iron bit. With
textile remains. Orig fastened to utensil
brooch chain with an iron ring at end.
L 87 mm.
Composite key. WKG r:45b:28. L-
shaped. 4 prongs. Cast droplet-shaped
unadorned bronze handle "with iron bit.
With textile remains. Fastened to uten-
sil brooch chain with a bronze ring at
bend. L 92 mm.
Knife. WKG I:45a:]2. 3 frags. Fused
with remains of leather sheath and
wooden handle. Textile remains, fine
twill. Blade 1 c. 50 mm. L tot including
handle remains 135 mm. Orig fastened
to utensil brooch chain with an iron ring.
Bronze spindlewhorl. WKG I:45b:30
top view. WKG 11:214:2 side view.
Found at feet.
Limestone spindlewhorl, WKG I:45b:31
top view. WKG 11:213:15 side view.
Found at feet.
Limestone spindlewhorL WKG I:45b:33
top view. WKG 11:213:14 side view.
Found in sieved deposits from foot^^'ard
half of trench r
Bronze sheet drinking bowl, Trotzig
1991a#10. Forshell 1992:65, table 5-8.
WKG 1:467. Line ornamented interior
and exterior. Punch ornamented rim. Ext
rim diam 122-128 mm. Height 49 mm.
Found at NE corner.
Wooden disli/tray. Frag preserved be-
neath bronze bowL Surface adorned
with a grid of 60 x 60 mm squares de-
limited by cut grooves, c. 4 mm thick
when found.
Wooden bed? WKG r:45a:l5-20. 8 riv-
ets with preserved wood- Rhomboid
counter-washers. Rivet span 8-10 mm.
Only 6 found in stores. Found in sparse
lines mainly in theN half of the trench,
too far apart to represent a casket: pos-
sibly from a wooden bed on which the
deceased and her belongings were
placed, hence the uncommonly deep
trench.
152
Bhrl96l
Uncertain provenance:
3beaas. WKG I:45a:10. 1 cyl yellow. 1
brlyellow-red-black-whice mosaic, diani
1 6 mm. No Rre damage, but both found
in concentration of objects from 1 be-
tween sin shoulder of 2 and wall. 1 brl
due green, no fire damage, found in
pelvic region of 2^ but prob identical to
orig state of melted green bead from 1.
Bhr 1961:02 (SHM 27739:2/61 .ATA
5181/1963 grave 2/6I.WKG 1:50)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 9 photo plans, section, 20 photo-
graphs,
Ss: 2 post holes (diam 10 cm) outside middle
of SW end and S corner of trench.
Is: Inhumation trench 230 x 75 x BO cm,
2l4°, with mixed edge stones and a Rne stone
covering layer. Central traces of wooden cof-
fin 210 X 75 X 75 cm edged with sandstone
slabs toward ends. 2 concentrations of o^anic
remains in peripheral trench fill at middle of
SE side and in S corner.
BD: Inhumation, adults partly decayed, ex-
tended on dx side with head 209°.
Animal-beadhrooch.Carlsson 198335:20;
type5.2.N; per C. WKG 1:50:1. L 59 mm.
Found in shoulder region.
2 dress pins. Rundqvist Nilsson 1 990 type
Cla, Late Viking Period. WKG 1:50:2-3.
Identical. Both 1 102 mm. 1 found in shoul-
der region, I at back of head, both pointing
away from feet.
Tongue pendant. WKG 1:50:4. Found in
chest region.
Tongue pendant. WKG 1:50:5. Frag. Found
in chest region.
Sieve pendant, WKG 1:50:6. Found in chest
region.
Spoon pendant. ^iHCG 1:50:7. Found in
chest region.
19 beads. WKG I:50:S. 1 brl blue with white-
red-white irregular equator. 1 brl blue with
yellow equator edged with maroon belts with
white spirals. 1 disc tluc blue with 2 red &
white wavy belts. 1 brl red. 1 brl red with 3
equatorial yellow knobs. 1 ring tluc cobalt blue.
] brl orange. I pumpkin turquoise faience. 1
disc tluc yellow. 1 disc amber diam 19 mm. 1
bicon amber diam 20 mm. 1 bicon red with
intricate white line patterns diam 21 .5 mm. 1
pumpkin tluc colourless. 1 obi cyl orange. 1
polyhedral tluc cobalt blue, 1 brl maroon with
3 equatorial eyes separated with white lines,
red pupils white & pale blue radial iris. 1 brl
blue with 3 equatorial eyes, tluc blue pupil,
white & red concentric iris. 1 brl blue with
>=] equatorial eye, yellow pupil, red iris. I brl
yellow. Fojnd in chest region except for 1 in
abdominal region.
Comb, WKG 1:50:14. 3 bronze comb riv-
ets. At least 1 found with key.
Bronze key, WKG 1:50:9. L-shaped. Drop-
let-shaped loop. Unadorned. 3 prongs. Iron
ring at bend. Found in chest region.
Knife. WKG 1:50:12^13. When found flised
with sheath mount and wooden handle re-
mains. Found in abdominal region.
Knife sheath mount. WKG 1:50:1 1. Frag.
Wriggled bronze sheet.
Knife sheath ting mount, WKG 1:50:11.
Iron ring fused with folded line ornamented
bronze sheet fastening mount. Found at
knife.
Bhr 1961:03 (SHM 27739:3/61.
ATA5I8I/I963 grave 3/61)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotiig.
Picdoc: Plan, section^ 4 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 150 x 60 x 15 cnv
182°. Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation child^ destroyed, head at S
end judging from find positions.
8 beads, 4 brl green, 1 cyl limestone. 1 brl
yellow. 1 amorph hmestone. 1 brl gold foli-
ate. Found scattered in S half of trench.
Bhr 1961:04 (SHM 27739:4/61.
ATA 5181/1963 grave 4/61)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans, section, 10 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 1 00 x 65 s 35 cm, 1 89°,
with a few stones in the fill and remnants of a
wooden coffin c. 95 x c. 45 x c, 20 cm.
BD: Inhumation child, only teeth and skull
frags preserved, head atS end.
5 heads. 1 brl red. 1 brl pale turquoise. 1 brl
amber. 1 l^lob amber 1 amorph indet colour
Found at head.
Pot. c. 70 frags. Slightly turned -ojt rim, tiny
vague neck and shoulder, fiower-pot-shaped.
Grey-brown surface, black core^ coarsely tem-
pered, 6.5 mm thick. Rim diam c. 120 mm.
Found sin of head.
Iron rivet. Rhomboid counter was her. Span
14 mm. Found at foot end.
Bhr 1961:05 (SHM 27739:5/61.
ATA 5181/1963 grave 5/61)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 6 photo plans, section, l4 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is; Igneous drystone cist 280 x 55 x 60 cm,
178*', with mixed covering stone layer. Dug
parallel and slightly into E side of Bhr
1961:05a. Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation, destroyed, head orig ori-
ented S judging from positions of artefacts
and tooth.
Comb. I bronze comb-rivet. L 10.5 mm.
Found near human tooth inS half of trench.
Knife. Badly corroded frags. Found in sec
pos at N end of cist.
Miniature pot. Hulthen 1991 #1S, group X.
WKG 11:283:2. Baltic Ware. Wieel-turned.
Barrel-shaped. Swastika on under-side. Rim
diam 85 mm. Base diam 70 mm. Height 70
mm. Found upside down near NW corner.
Bhr 1961:05a (SHM 27739:5a/6l.
ATA 5181/1963 grave 5a/6l.
WKG 1:74)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 8 photo plans, section, 18 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 280 x 80 x 45 cm,
176°, edged with lines of igneous stones
placed on bottom of trench beneath inhuma-
tion^ and mixed covering stone layer Slightly
cut by Bhr 1961:05.
BD: Inhumation^ completely decayed, head
orig pointings judging from find positions.
Box-shaped brooch. WKG 1:74:1. Thun-
mark-Nylen 1983 type D 15. Remnants of
iron pin. Worn and repaired. Found S of
trench centre.
Animal -head brooch. Carlsson 198335:21;
type4.13.N;l; per G. WKG 1:74:2. Worn
and repaired. L56.5 mm. Found in dx shoul-
der region.
2 4iresspins, Unique according to Rundqvist
Nilsson 1990:42. WKG 1:74:3-4. Found in
neck region pointing head wards.
26 beads. WKG 1:74:5. 5 brl limestone. 2 brl
orange, 2 flat amber diam 24.4 & 19.7 mm. 1
f^lob limestone. 1 amorph limestone. 1 wedge
tluc green, diam 22.4 mm. 1 brl amber 1 ccb
tluc blue. 1 pumpkin tluc dark blue. 1 pump-
kin of indeterminable colour. 2 brl of indeter-
minable colour 1 cyl of indeterminable colour,
diam 18.7mm. 1 brl yellow and blue streaks.
1 wedge red with 3 black pupil radial white-
yellow-blue iris eyes. 1 <yl yellow with 2 ir-
regularly placed eroded eyes. 1 brl black with
intersecting white belts framing black pupil ra-
dial red-white-green iris eyes. 1 brl red covered
with concentric tluc blue — yellow— tluc blue
squares. 1 tyl turquoise with irregularly placed
153
Bhrl96l
radial red-whice-yelloweyes. 1 Iglob black with
intersecting yellow belts framing green dots,
diam 30 mm. Found in upper chest region.
Comb. WKG I:74;6. 5 frags. Iron rivets with
antler/bone remains. Found in upper cen-
tral chest region.
Knife. WKG 1:74:7. Off-set tang. Point
missing. Fused with leather sheath remains
[destroyed in the conservation process) and
wooden handle. Tang I 68 mm. Extant I tot
135 mm. Found in lower sin chest region
pointing footwards.
Wood frag. Found beneath animal-head
brooch.
Animal bones. Unknown position,
Bhr 1961:06 (SHM 27739:6/61.
ATA SI8I/I963 grave 6/61)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans, section, 8 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist 220 x 55 x 60 cm,
187°. Traces of a trapezoid wooden coffin
200 X 25-60 X c. 35 cm inside, placed with
its wide end to the S. Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation, only skull frags preserved,
head turned sin at S end.
5 heads. 1 brl tluc green, diam 18.7 mm. 1
bicon amber, diam 2.9 mm. 1 bicon wedge
amber^ asymmetrically worn hole. 1 pumpkin
dark blue. 1 pumpkin dark blue, diam 18.1
mm. 3 found in head r^on and 2 in sec pos.
Gomb, 1 nondescript grip rib frag & 2 tooth
plate frags held together with 2 bronze riv-
ets. Position unknown.
Knife. Well-preserved. Off-set tang. Marked
sharpening wear. Fused with leather sheath
frags and wooden handle frags (both de-
stroyed in the conser\'"ation process). Extant
blade 1 46 mm. Extant 1 tot 94 mm. Found
in dx foot region.
Iron knife butt staple- With wood frags.
Found in foot region.
Potcery, 3 badly eroded frags of coarse ware,
probably from the flat bottom of a vessel.
Found in lower leg region.
Bronze slieet ffag. Found in sec pos outside
coffin in sin femoral region.
Bhr 1961:07 (SHM 27739:7/61.
ATA SI8I/I963 grave 7/61)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 5 photo plans, section, l4 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 245 x c. 40 x 55 cm,
178°, with incomplete lines of mixed edge
stones on long sides.Traces of a wooden coffin
240 X c. 40 cm inside. Superficially distud^ed.
BD: Inhumation^ extended on back with head
turned dx^ badly decayed, head atS end.
Beatd axe head. Frags. Upward and down-
ward haft flaps. L 131 mm. Edgew 105 mm.
Fojnd dx of head with edge pointing away
from face.
Penanniilar brooch. Carlsson 1988 35:31;
type KOM:FAC:S+DJU:BA run L per D.
Apparently made from a larger brooch, one
end of which has been broken off The thick-
ness increases toward the DJUiBA end.
Diam 26 mm. Found in chest region.
2 strap end mounts. Badly corroded, prob
orig identical. Tongue-shaped. 1 with discern-
ible line ornamentation. Each fastened with
3 rivets, square bronze sheet counterwashers.
49 X 12.5 mm. Rivet span 3^ mm. 1 found
sin of abdominal region, 1 between femora.
Knife. Fused with leather sheath frags. L tot
l6S mm. Found dx of pelvic region.
Pot. \C^G 11:280:4. Biconical. Found at feet.
Ornamental bronze rivet. Domed bronze
sheet head pierced by bronze rivet stem.
Organic remains under head. Head diam ^
mm. Span 4 mm. Unknown position.
Iron nail. Frag. Unknown position.
Bronze rod frag. Unknown position. 15x2
mm. Not found in stores.
Textile frags. Found beneath brooch.
Cattle hones. 2 lower middle frags of lower
ribs from cattle, Bosprimi^etrJusf tauruside-
termined by Johannes Lepiksaar in 1965).
Found at N end, 1 partly beneath pot.
Bhr 1961:08 (SHM 27739:8/61.
ATA 5181/1963 grave 8/61)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 5 photo plans^ section^ ^ photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 265 x c. 50 x 60 cnv
188°, with sporadic mixed edge stones and
a mixed covering stone layer. Traces of a
wooden coffin 260x c, 50 cm inside. 30 cm
diam pre-fill possible post hole cut into
trench bottom inside N end. Robbed
throughout.
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed, disturbed^
head orig at S end.
Beard axe head. Upward and downward haft
flaps. With textile remains. L 1 00 mm. Edge
w 34 mm. Found dx of head region with
edge pointing away from head and haft
pointing footwards.
3 beads. 1 orthoceratite fossil found in head
region, 1 fglob red diam 7.5 mm in sin femo-
ral region, 1 cyl amber in N half
Bronze counter washer. Rhomboid. Found
in S half
2 iron nails. Frags. With wood remains. 1
found in foot region, 1 in N half
3 bronze frags. Found in S half.
Rust kinip. 83 X 63 X 21 mm. Unknown
position.
Quartz frag. Found in dx femoral region.
Bhr 1961:09 (SHM 27739:9/61 .ATA
5181/1963 grave 9/6I.Trotzig
I99la:208-2II.WKGI:82)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 5 photo plans^ section^ 22 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist 340 x 50 x 50 cm,
182°, with sandstone end slabs and cover
flakes. Traces of wooden coffin inside. Lo-
cated closely parallel W of Bhr 1960:08.
Centrally robbed. Find positions indicate
that the grave-robbing took place at a stage
when the coffm was still intact. For some
reason the robber did not manage to remove
the chest jewellery, only to disturb it slightly.
BD: Inhumation, little more than teeth pre-
served, placed in S part of cist with head orig
pointing S.
Disc-on-bow brooch, WKG 1:82:1 top view.
WKG 11:50:3 side views. Found in chest re-
gion.
2 animal-bead broocbes. Carlsson 1983
35:22-23; type 7.6.N & 6.6.L; per D. WKG
1:82:5, 4. L 52.5 & 59 mm, 1 found at top
of head region, 1 in sin abdominal region.
2 dress pins. Rundqvist Nilsson 1990 type
A4b, Late Viking Period. WKG 1:82:2-3. L
92 & 89 mm. Found 1 on each shoulder
pointing headwards.
3 crystal pendants. WKG L82:6-8. 2 found
in chest region, 1 in sec pos in the disturbed
leg region.
Spoon pendant, WKG 1:82:10. Found in
chest region.
Amber amulet. WKG 1:82:9. Irregularly
rectangular. Fojnd at brass bowl.
27 beads. WKG 1 : 82: 1 1 . 4 %lob lead -coated.
4 amorph indet colour. 3 brl gold foliate, ex-
tremely wide hole. 3 fglob indet colour. 2 obi
polyhedral tluc colourless. 1 cyl lead -coated.
1 cyl gold foliate with incised lines and circles.
1 fglob vellow. 1 brl orange. 1 cyl red. 1 pump-
kin turquoise faience. 1 2-5egment pumpkin
tluc deep green. 1 bicon green. 1 tiny trian-
gular cross-section maroon. 1 tiny ^lob red
with 3 equatorial yellow knobs. 1 tiny fglob
indet colour. Found in chest region except
154
Bhrl96l
for :i few scattered down to the pelvic region.
Comb. WKG 1:82:12. 3 bronze rivets.
Found in lower sin chest region.
Knife, WKG 1:82:13. 4 fr:igs. Fused with
sheath. Prob orig fastened to sin animal-head
brooch with iron chain. Found sin of ab-
dominal region.
Knife butt mount. WKG 1:32:13. Bronze
staple with transversal pin through end.
Pierced curved tapered bronze sheet strip on
staple between loop and pin. Bronze pin
through preserved end of sheet strip. Found
in pelvic region.
Knife sheath ring mount. WKG 1:82:14.
Castbronze loop with palmetto ornamented
fastening plates and bronze ring fused with
remnants of iron link. Found with animal-
head brooch at headward end of knife.
Iron chain frags. WKG 1:82:1 6. Found with
knife.
Iron needle case. WKG 1:82:15. Prob orig
fastened to sin animal-head brooch with iron
chain. Found with knife.
Brass slieet bowl, Trotzigl991a#]l.Forshell
1992:65, table 5-8. Unadorned frags, dam-
aged by robbers, incomplete. Diam c. 300
mm. Found at W wall in N half of cist.
Wooden vessel, c. 30 frags, prob from stave
vessel. 2 pierced by bronze pins. Found be-
neath brass bowl frags.
Pot. Hulthen 1 99 1 #28, group X. WKG 1:484.
Baltic Ware. Line and stamp ornamented.
Swastika on under-side. Rim diam 1 10 mm.
Base diam 80 mm. Height 95 mm. Found at
Wwall in N half of cist, closely S of brass bowl.
Leather frags. Found beneath brass bowl
frags.
Eggs. Frags. 1 prob greylag goose e^ Atrser
i/wif r [Trotzig 199]a:209, determined by
Johannes Lepiksaar in 1965), found at brass
bowl. 1 concentration at E wall in N half of
cist, opposite to brass bowl and pot.
Fish bones. Cranial bones from pike, Esox
luciits, Sw. gadda (Trotzig 199 la; 209, deter-
mined by Johannes Lepiksaar in 1965).
Found at brass bowl.
Hazelnuts, c. 20 frags. AMS radiocarbon date
]O90±95 BP(Ua-l 132, Trotzig 1991a:211j,
780-1030 cal AD [OxCal 33, Stuiver et al.
199S). Found at brass bowl.
Coffin ^vood frags- Conventional radiocar-
bon date 1035±215 BP (St-5595> Trotzig
]99]a:211), 780-1210 cal AD (OxCal 3.3,
Stuiver et al. 1998). Sample position in tree
unknown,
2 fossils, 1 globular found in sin abdominal
region {WKG 1:82:17). 1 clam-shaped at
brass bowl.
Bhr 1961:10 (SHM 27739:10/61.
ATA 51 81/1 963 grave 10/61)
Excavated by G us taf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans^ section^ 8 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 245 s 65 x 60 cm^
186°, with sporadic sandstone edge slabs and
igneojs edge and fill stones. N end of trench
filled with igneous rock^ bringing int I down
from 300 cm. Traces of nailed-together
wooden coffin of similar dimensions inside.
Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation^ no bones founds head
prob orig at S end judging from pottery po-
sitions.
Strap joiner. Frags. 2 trapezoid edge line or-
namented bronze sheet plates held together
with bronze rivets. 1 ending in a loop. Orig I
c. 50 mm. Base w 17.5 mm. Span 3.5-4.5
mm. Found in sec pos in N half of trench.
4 ornamental bronze rivets. Domed bronze
sheet heads pierced by bronze rivet stems.
Organic remains on stems. Head diam 8.5
mm. Span 35 mm. Found in sec pos in N
half of trench.
Pottery. 12 frags. Simple near-vertical rim.
Light brown sjrface^ dark grey core, coarsely
tempered, 3.5 mm thick. Found concen-
trated at N end and in sec pos in N half of
trench.
>=7 coffin nails. Frags. With wood remains.
Some found in situ, many in sec pos.
Coffin wood frags.
Bronze rii'et. Span 55 mm. Found in sec
pos in N half of trench.
4 wood frags. 3 with traces of bronze rivets.
1 pierced by bronze rivet, span 8.5 mm.
Found in sec pos in N half of trench.
Bhr 1961:1 I (SHM 27739:1 1/61.
ATA SI 81/1963 gr^ve 11/61.
WKG 1:76)
Excavated by G us taf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans^ section, 7 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist 250 x 55 x 40 cm,
176°. S half robbed.
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed, head orig
at S end jjdging from find positions.
Animal-bead brooch. Carlsson 1 9S3 per D-
E. WKG 1:76:1. Punch ornamented base
plate without top. Orig soldered together.
Found at SW corner.
Dress pin. RundqvistNilsson 1990 type D3,
Late Viking Period. WKG 1:76:2. L 102
mm. Found at S end of cist.
Dress pin. RundqvistNilsson 1990 typeA6/
CI, Late Viking Period. WKG 1:76:3.
Biconical pitted head delimited by single
cuffs. Incomplete loop. Origl tote. 96 mm.
Found at S end of cist.
3 heads. WKG 1:76:4-6. 2 brl of indetermin-
able colour. 1 worn brl blackwith yellow equa-
tor and red dots framed by yellow line-ovals,
diam 27 mm. Found at S end of cist.
Spindlewhorl, WKG 1:76:7 top view. WKG
[[:2]4:4 side view. Made from sponge-fossil
limestone. Found in N half of trench.
Wooden howl. Trotzig 1991a: 1 04 & fig. 94.
WKG L76:3-9. Frags preserved on 2 riveted-
together pentagonal repair plates cut from a
bronze sheet vessel. A pine bark plug sealed a
hole in the bowl, after which the bronze sheet
plates were riveted onto the inside and outside
ofthebowlandjoined to keep the plug in place.
The side of the bowl was straight and fiiiirly
steep, height at least 60 mm. Wall thickness c,
8 mm. One repair plate fragmentary, the other
intact, 61 x 5^ mm. Found inN half of trench.
Bhr I 96 1:1 2 (SHM 27739:12/61.
ATA SI8I/I963 grave 12/61)
Excavated by G us taf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans, section, S photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous stone cist 240 x 55 x 60 cm, 274°,
with sandstone end slabs. Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed, disturbed,
orig orientation unknown.
Pottery, 2 frags. Flat-bottomed vessel. Grey-
brown surface, black core, medium temper,
5 mm thick. Found at Wend.
2 iron frags. Flat. Mas 1 33 mm. Found at
W end.
Bhr 1961:1 3 (SHM 27739:13/61.
ATA SI8I/I963 grave 13/61)
Excavated by G us taf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, section, 8 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 270 x 50 x 65 cm,
179°, with sporadic mixed fill and edge
stones. S half robbed.
BD: Inhumation, extended on dx side, de-
stroyed above femora, head orig at S end.
Bead, 1 brl blue. Slightly melted. Found at
Send.
Pot, WKG 11:281:4. Reconstructed. Slightly
turned-out rim, neck, rounded shoulder, in-
ward-sloping sides, flat damaged bottom. 3
horizontal lines, the middle one topping a
right-aimed herring-bone patterned zone. Rim
155
Bhrl96l
diam 105 mm. Shojlderdiam 135 mm. B:ise
diam ^5 mm. Height 1 10 mm. Found at feet.
Iron nail. Frag. Found in sec pos in fill. Not
found in stores.
Bhr 1961:14 (SHM 27739:14/61.
ATA SI8I/I963 grave 14/61)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, section, 7 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench 190 x 60 x 55 cm,
190°^ with sporadic mixed fill and edge
stones and sandstone floor slabs in N half
Wooden coffin ISO x 60 cm indicated hy
nails inside. Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation, almost completely de-
cayed, orig orientation unknown.
>=10 coffin nails. Frags. With wood frags.
1 intact, 1 1 04 mm. Found in situ along sides.
2 iron frags. Found between the rows of nails
slightly N of the centre of the trench.
Bhr 1961:15 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 1/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, 4 photographs.
Ss:SJngle-layer igneous stone setting with kerb
[fig. 3:9). Diam c. 2.5 m. Height c: 10 cm.
Is: Slightly off-centre (NW) 100 x 70 x c. 5
cm cremation layer with sandstone cover-
ing flake layer.
BD: Cremation 0.8 litres. Bones not found
in stores.
Disc-on-bow brooch. Fig. 10:13 A. KHN
type E2a2-small. Excellent workmanship
and condition. Trefoil on foot. Eyeless bird
heads. Silver filigree edging. Yellow glass,
bone and garnet cloisonne. 82 x 37 mm.
Proto-aninial-head brooch. Fig. 10:13 B.
KHN type G4b.Cf.VZG 18-20, per VIM.
Vestiges of iron pin. L 32 mm. W 24 mm.
Small cqual-atnicd brooch. Fig. 10:13 C.
KHN typeF. Cf VZG33, perVlI:l.L34
mm. Bow w 14 mm.
Dtesspin, Fig. 10:13 D. 2 frags, incomplete.
Mushroom head. Double-line cross & single
edge hne on head.
33 beads. Petre 1984 type P3. 12 amorph
red. 10 fglob red. 6 bri red. 2 bri limestone.
2 obi cyl limestone. I fglob hmestone.
Utensil brooch. Fig. 10:13 E. KHN type
A2d4. Cf VZG 963-964. perVlI:2. Conical
frame with flat triangjlar protrusion. Single
edge line ornament. Bronze pin. Diam 22 mm.
Protrusion w 16 mm. Frame height 6 mm.
Knife. Fig. 10:13 K Frags. Marked blade
back offset. Bronze sheet cuff on bladeward
end of handle. Blade w 21 mm.
Bronze sbeet knife handle cuff. Fig. 10:13 F.
Cf VZG 485, 1158, 1166, per VII; 1-2.
Bladeward triple edge line ornament. Buttward
stepped slots. Droplet-shaped handle cross-sec-
tion. Cuff w 1 1 mm. Fused with knife.
Bronze sbeet scabbard edge mount. Fig.
10:13 F. 4 frags with fit. top end missing.
U-shaped cross-section. Compared to the
knife's dimensions the scabbard must have
covered part of the knife-handle. Found at
SE edge of layer L 1 32 mm. \C 3.5 mm.
Height 3.0 mm
Comb. 2 frags. 1 grip rib + 1 tooth plate. Triple
edge line ornament. Vestiges of 1 iron rivet.
2 bronze strip frags, W^6mm. Max 1 8 mm.
Bronze rod frag. Too thick to be part of the
dress-pin. 11x3 mm.
4 unburnt bone frags. At least 3 different
long bones. Max I 4B mm.
Stone axe bead frag. Flake from the side of
a ground axe with a circular or oval cross-
section. Fine-grained igneous rock contain-
ing clear crystals.
6 Stone Age flint frags,
Bhr 1961:16 (SHM pending
allocation.ATA 2863/2001
feature 2/61)
Robber pit at S end of Bhr 1961:40.
Bhr 1961:17 (SHM pending
allocation.ATA 2863/2001
feature 3/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, 4 photographs.
Is: 2 distinct cremation layers (17 & 17a).
1 7; Off-centre (NW) cremation layer 140 x
80 X 10 cm, with bottom 5 cm above top
level of Bhr 1961:17a.
Neolithic pottery. 1 rim frag- Dark grey
ware, coarse igneous rock temper, 9 mm
thick. Vertical rim with semicircular profile.
Rim diam >100 mm.
Unburnt ovicaprid bone, 1 frag, radius. (Re-
port IV.Mohiar 1999.)
Burnt bone. 2 frags. Indet species.
Bhr I 961:1 7a (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 3a/6l)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 6 photo plans, 7 photographs.
Ss: Single-layer sandstone and igneous stone
setting with dressed sandstone block kerb.
Diam orig c. 4.0 m. Cut by road, cement
path and flower beds.
Is: 2 distinct cremation layers (17 & 17a).
17a; Off-centre (E) cremation layer l60 x
100 X 10 cm, topped with igneous stones
and partly lined with 2 sandstone flakes. Top
5 cm below bottom level of Bhr 196l; 17.
BD: Cremation 1.2 litres, 778 g. I adult
indet-sex human. 1 indet-sex human, c. 1
year old. (Report IV. Molnar 1999.)
>=8 gaming pieces. Frags. Domed. Max
diam 21.5 mm.
Arrowhead. Fig. 10:l4 A. Indeterminable
type. Lancet-shaped. Only blade extant. Fused
with chain frags. L 63 mm. Max w 1 7 mm.
Disc-on-bow broocb. Fig. 10rl4 B. KHN
type E2a2 -large. Warped. Bone and garnet
cloisonne. L c. 125 mm. Not found in stores,
lost in Visby according to a note from the
RAG U conservation unit, decades before the
finds were transported to Stockholm.
Disc brooch. Fig. 10; l4 C. KHN type lib.
Cf VZG 90, 92-94. per VIM. Top basin
covered with embossed bronze foih Style II
triskele, counter-clockwise turn. Vestiges of
iron pin. Bronze chain frag linked to base of
pin. Diam 42 mm. Height 5 mm.
2 proto-aniinaJ-bead brooches. Fig. 10:l4
DE. KHN type G4b.Cf. VZG 19,perVII:L
Identical. Both linked with chain frags
through dx hole. Bronze pins. Bent slightly
dx & sin. L 32 & 34 mm, W 23 & 23 mm.
2 dress pins. Fig. 10:l4 FG. 3 + 2 frags.
Mushroom -shaped cuffed heads. 3 lines on
stem. Orig I tot c 55 mm.
133 beads. Petre 1984 type P3. 49 amorph
red. 1 amorph red fused with potsherd, 5 brI
red. 3 l^lob red, 18 amorph of indetermin-
able colour, I2oblcj'l limestone, 8 f^lob lime-
stone, 7 brl orange, 7 amorph orange, 7 brI
limestone, 4 fglob orange, 3 cyl limestone
diam >l4mm, 3 amorph yellow. 2 brl bronze
sheet, 1 fglob tluc pale green, 1 amorph tluc
pale green, 1 amorph tluc cobalt blue. 1 brl
black with white horizontal streaks.
Utensil brooch. Fig. 10;l4 H. KHN type
A2dl.Cf VZG 161-173, per V1I:1. High
conical frame with solid triangular protru-
sion. Punch ornamented. Bearded mask and
strap sht on protrusion. 2 rivets through sht.
No sign of wear. L tot over protrusion 50
mm. Diam 33 mm. Height 9 mm. Protru-
sion max w 12 mm.
Bronze chain. Frags. Some fused with arrow
head and brooches. Orig fastened to proto-
animal-head brooches and disc brooch.
Belt ring. Cavetto. Diam 1 1 mm.
Bird mount. Fig. 10:l4l.C£VZG 205, per
VII: I. Max I 31 mm. Rivet span 1.5 mm.
Strap end mount. Fig. 10;l4 J. C£ VZG
156
Bhr 1961:15
0,0
/
o
o
B
(UJ
h.r .. .-â– - ^ ^L J,-^. .â– â– ;. ^,.-^ , --^i^.k - .^^_a.-.f_i^^'4-^^^-^ â– . A^-^.^'j.. - â– â– ^-^, â– i-,-,<a.'
Fig. 10:13. Bhr I 961 :l 5. Scale I :l , except punch marks I 0:1. Drawings by Stefan Kayat.
157
Bhrl96l:l7a
238, perVII:!. Punch ornamented. L 54
mm. Scrap w 12 mm.
Comb. 9 frags, 4 grip rib + 9 tooth plate + 1
tooth. Triple edge line.
T«eezers.Fig. 10:14 EC Cf.VZG 429 & 1103,
per Vll:]-2. Frags, complete. Cast with thick-
ened loop. Punch ornamented, dot-circles. L
5S mm. Max w 5.5 mm. Linked through a
bronze wire ring to yet another ring and the
base of another small bronze utensil.
T^veezers? Fig. 10:14 L. 2 frags. Edge line
ornament and punched dot-circles on both
sides of one frag. Max extant w4 mm.
Bronze key. Fig. 10:14 M. Best parallels in
VZG perVlI:!. Slightly warped. 3 prongs.
Line ornamented spool-shaped handle ter-
minated by polyhedral cuffe. Triangular head
with bronze rod ring in loop. L 101 mm.
Iron key. Fig. 10:14 N. 3 frags. Bit lost. 2
orthogonal bends. Handle terminated with
a cuff and a flat triangular pierced plate. 13
mm diam iron wire ring through hole.
Handle cross-section round, front part flat.
Iron carpentry mount, 3 iron sheet frags.
Rectangular. Part of an opening with pro-
filed edges extant at one end. Nailed onto
surface with >=7 nails entering c. 10 mm.
W33 mm. Extant 1 c. 90 mm.
Knife, Point missing c. 5 mm. Central tang
broken off. Extant blade 1 97 mm. Extant 1
tot 117 mm. Max blade w 19 mm. Max tang
w 10 mm. Max blade thickness 4 mm.
Bronze sheet scabbard edge mount. 5 frags.
U-shaped cross-section. Span 3 mm.
Bronze sheet vessel. 54 frags. Tjrned-out
thickened rim. Max thickness 1.7 mm. Orig
rim diam c. l60 mm.
Pot, Fig. 10:l4 O. Frags, reconstructible.
Stamp ornamented. 4 stamps in 6 slightly ir-
regular horizontal belts: tilted 3x3 grid circle
diam ^.5 mm, diagonal grid triangle, tilted
6x6 grid square with two opposite corners cut,
double-line mirrored S, repeat circle stamp,
repeat triangle stamp upside down. Turned-
out rim, neck, bulb, slightly turned-out base
rim, flat base. Grey medium-coarsely tem-
pered ware. 5 mm thick at shoulder Rim diam
c. 90 mm. Min neck diam c 84 mm 1 7 mm
below rim. Wax diam c. 130 mm c. 70 mm
below rim. Bottom diam c. 90 mm. Stamp
belt 43-103 mm below rim. Height c. l40
mm.
Bronze rivet- From comb? L l6 mm.
Bronze wire loop. Oval. Open. L 14 mm.
Wire diam 2 mm.
Bronze strip mount. 6frags^ 1 pierced with
iron nail. Cast with bevelled edges. W 3 mm.
Extant I c. 100 mm.
H
\lf
i
â– /-
Fig. IO:M. Bhr I 961 :l 7a. Scale I :l , except pot 1:3. O reconstructed.
B drawn from a photograph. Drawings by Stefan Kayat.
158
Bhr 1961:17a
M
159
Bhrl96l
Bronze ornamental nail. Cast with domed
head. Diam 9 mm. Stem I S mm.
>=7 iron rivets. Round heads diam 15 mm,
rhomboid counter washers. 3 rivets^ span 11-
] 7 mm. 3 rivet head?. 1 counter washer.
Iron nail. Bent. L 32 mm. Span 24 mm.
9 bear phalanges. 1 1 frags.
7 lynx phalanges.
Fossil. Crinoid stalk frag. No signs of use as
bead.
Neolithic pottery. 18 frags. Pale brown
coarsely tempered ware, 9 mm thick, no
decoration.
4 Stone Age flint frags.
Bhr I 961:1 8 (SHM pending
allocation.ATA 2863/2001
grave 416 1 )
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: Photo plan^ 1 photograph.
Ss: Prob orig partly covered by Bhr 1961:23.
Is: Cremation layer 90 x 90 x c. 5 cm topped
with 3 sandstone flakes.
BD: Cremation 1 frag. Dog, ulna. (Report
IV, Molnar 1999.)
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1961:19 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 5/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 8 photo plans, section, 10 photo-
graphs + 10 of finds.
Ss: Single-layer sandstone and igneous stone
setting \vith sandstone kerb. Diam origc. 5.5
X 4.5 m. Height 30 cm. Cut by road. Super-
imposed upon Bhr 196l:19a.
Is: Off-centre (NE) rectangular cremation
layer 190 x 100 x 10 cm, 38°, topped with
sandstone and igneous stones^ and hned with
sporadic sandstone flakes. All large iron ob-
jects found collected at SE edge of Is.
BD: Cremation 10.5 litres, 6154 g. 1 adult
female-sex human. 1 adult horse. 1 adult
dog. 1 adult ovicaprid. [Report IV & VI,
Molnar &Svensson 1999.)
Class vessel. 67 g. Melted crizzled lumps.
Cobalt blue. Indeterminable vessel type.
C, 52 gaining pieces. Frags. Domed. Diam
20-22 mm.
Sword. Frags, complete. Deposited straight
sn6 undamaged. Iron washer on tang end,
no other metal mounts. Fused with charcoal
and burnt bone frags. Blade I 800 mm. Tang
1 120 mm. Max blade w46 mm. Central blade
groove max w22 mm. Max tang w>19 mm.
Found pointing SW at SE edge of Is.
Seax.Fig 10:15 ABC. W&G type SAXl.Cf
VZG 481, per \ni:l. Frags. Badly corroded.
Blade back drooping toward point. 2 cast
bronze handle end mounts, hat-shaped pom-
mel cf VZG 487 on butt mount. Blade fused
with shield edge mounts. Origl tot>325 mm.
Orig blade 1 c. 250 mm. Grig max blade wc.
33 mm. Handle mount height 31 & 33 mm.
Found pointing SW at SE edge of Is.
Lance head. Fig 10:15 D. W&G typeLl.
Cf VZG 556, 561. 569, 570, per Vir:l.
Point broken off but extant. Composite
bronze socket mounts (oval sheet dome on
cast striated collar) on transversal rivet ^5
mm from socket base. L tot 450 mm. Blade
1 to shoulder 31 7 mm. Max blade w 35 mm.
Found pointing NNE at SE edge of Is.
Umbo. Fig 10:15 E. W&G type SBB&C.
Cf VZG 628, per VII: 1. Brim destroyed.
Fused with shield handle frag. Dome base
diaml20-139mm. Height c. 65 mm. Neck
height 20 mm. Found upside down; filled
and fused with bridle bit, iron harness mount
and a shield edge mount frag.
Shield handle. Cf. VZG 659, per Vll:l.
Corroded and badly fragmented, 1 frag fused
with umbo. Partly covered with the same
rust-impregnated leather as the edge mounts.
3 embossed bronze sheet frags. Beaded edge
framing interlace.
Ornamental sliield tivet. Fig 10:15 F. Cf VZG
660, per VII: 1 . Warped and fused with bone.
Round iron sheet rivet head covered with em-
bossed bronze foil. Style II triskele, counter-
clockwise turn. Diam 38 mm.
10 bronze sheet shield spangles. Fig 10:15
G. Domed. Turned-in bases. No certain traces
of rivet stems^ possibly orig fastened over iron
discs. Fit inside the spangle collars. Base diam
31 mm. Height 16mm.
>=3 embossed bronze sheet spangle collars.
Fig 10:15 H. Brittle frags. Motif: 2 concen-
tric striated circles flanking a twisted cord. Fit
the 31 mm spangles. Ext diam c. 45 mm.
2 ornamental shield rivets. Slightly domed
iron sheet discs. No certain traces of rivet
stems. Judging from diameters something to
do with the spangles and foil-covered rivet.
Diam 37 & 30 mm.
Iron sheet edgie mounts. Frags. U-shaped cross-
section. Pierced with iron nails. Three variet-
ies: curved convexly, appropriate for a shield;
straight^ appropriate for a scabbard; and a few
curved CO ncavely, appropriate fora saddle bow.
This is possiblydue to secondary deformation.
Fused with charcoal and bone frags. Partly cov-
ered with the same rust-impregnated leather
as the shield handle. Some frags fused with
bridle bit and seax. Found at SE edge of Is.
Bridle bit, W&G type RTl . Cf VZG 682^
683, per Vlhl. Frags^ badly corroded, fused
with charcoal and bone. No visible profil-
ing on bit links. Domed -head composite riv-
ets on strap fastening plates. Ring diam 62
mm. Rivet head diam 10 & 13 mm. Strap
w 21 mm. Found fused inside umbo.
2 bridle strap crossing mounts- Fig 10:15 I.
W&G type RVla, Square with square pro-
trusions at corners. Raised centre plate.
Richly punch ornamented with triangles and
semicircles. 54 x 54 mm. Not found in
stores.
Strap buckle. Fig 10:15 J. Cf VZG 290-
291, per VII: 1. Warped. Cast in one piece
with bronze tongue held by iron axis. Strap
w 15 mm. L tot 30 mm.
2 strap buckles. Fig 10:15 K. W&G type
GU7. Frags. Composite. Pierced rectangu-
lar bronze sheet fastening plate folded
around oval iron frame. Iron tongue. Bev-
elled edges on plate, bronze rivets in corners.
Plate w 16 & 19 mm. L tot 27 & 25 mm.
Span 4 mm.
Strap mount. Fig 10:15 L. Bronze sheet tri-
angle with a central cast protrusion like a
canine tooth. Simple bronze rivets in cor-
ners. Triangle base l6 mm, height 20 mm.
Rivet span 5 mm.
Strap mount. Fig 10:15 M. Bronze sheet rect-
angle with remainsofaslightly ofl"-centrebro-
ken-off protrusion on one end and domed-
head rivets in the corners of the other.
Punched dot edge line. 23 x 21 mm. Rivet
span 1.5 mm.
>=11 iron sheet strap mounts. Fig 10:15 N.
W&G type RR3. Frags, 22 ends. Rectangular.
3 ornamental edge lines. Rivet holes in cor-
ners. Bronze rivets with spherical heads, joined
pairwise by rectangular bronze sheet counter-
washers. W 15 mm. Orig max l91 mm. Rivet
span 5 mm.
Composite mount. Fig 10:15 O. Frags. Iron
strip with folded-over embossed bronze foil.
Style II wave ornament, heads facing left.
Pierced with bronze rivets 20 mm apart. W
1 1 mm.
Iron sheet strap mount. Fig 10:15 P. Falling
apart with rust. Rectangular with one end
folded into a hook and the other pierced
through the corners. 57 x 38 mm.
2 iron strap end mounts. Fig 10:15 Q. W&G
type ZRl. Cf VZG 251-252, per Vll:l. Frags.
Tongue-shaped. Uncommonly low shoulders.
Bevelled edges. Fastened with bronze rivets at
corners, joined by rectangular bronze sheet
counter washers. L 103 mm. Base w 17 mm.
Comb, Fig 10:15 R. Frags, reconstructible.
160
Bhr 1961:19
B
'4:i:&5£Sl3»^j;ji55iS5JSS-.
TLIJ
Fig. 10:1 B.Bhr 1961 :l 9. Scale I :l, except E (1 :2), O (2:1 ), S (punch mark 10:1 ). E, H, K, N reconstructed.
I drawn from photograph. Drawings by Stefan Kayat.
161
Bhr 1961:19
K
N
M
,.- ^r
':â– : o
L^^
Fig. 10:1 5. Bhr I 961 :l 9.Scale 1:1, except E (1 :2), O (2:1), S (punch mark I 0:1). E, H, K, N reconstructed.
I drawn after photograph. Drawings by Stefan Kayat.
162
Bhrl96l
32 grip rib + 4 tooth place + 1 tooth. Triple
edge line. Groups of transversal, diagonal and
zigzag lines. Domed bronze sheet spangles
diam 7 mm on bronze rivets 117 mm.
Kiijfe, 1 blade frag. Straight back. Max ex-
tant w 19 mm. Found at SE edge of Is.
Iron sheet mount. Corroded frags. Pierced
with 3 discernible small bronze rivets, domed
heads diam 3 mm. L >] 12 mm.
Iron sheet mount. Frags. Rectangjlar. Pierced
with 1 iron rivet. L >30 mm.
Bronze sheet vessel. Burnt and warped frags.
Thickened horizontal turned-out rim^ w 10
mm. Triangular handle flaps on the edge of
the rim, pierced near rim for handle.
5 bronze sheet spangles. Fig 1 1;]5 S. Pierced
dome with punch ornamented brim. Punch
3x3 grid rhomb. 1 with 2 concentric circles
of dots instead of rhombi around dome.
Brim diam 21 mm. Dome diam 14 mm.
2 bronze rivets. Frags. Cast domed heads.
Diam 6.5-7 mm. Max extant 1 16 mm.
7 hronze rivets. Frags. Flat round sheet heads.
No signs of counterwashers, flattened ends. L
36 mm. Head diam 12 mm.
Composite rivet. Cast domed bronze head
with vestiges of iron rivet stem. Head diam
10 mm.
18 composite rivets. Frags. Iron head cov-
ered with domed bronze sheet spangle. Diam
7-11 mm. Similar to rivets on bridle bit,
probably orig from harness.
3 composite rivets. Frags. Iron rivet. Head
covered with domed bronze sheet spangle.
Pierced domed bronze sheet spangle forcoun-
terwasher. Diam 14-I5 mm. Span c. l6mm.
Composite rivet. Iron rivet stem with flat
oval bronze sheet counter was her. Extant 1 27
mm. Washer max diam 9 mm.
Bronze sheet counter washer. Frags. Round.
DJam 1 1 mm.
l4 iron carpentry rivets. Frags. Round
heads. Rhomboid counterwashers.
5 iron nails- Frags. 1 bent orthogonally.
20 hear phalanges. Including three second
phalanges.
Unbutnt seal bone. Frag. Prob juvenile grey
seal, femur. Prob Neolithic.
Unburnt bird bone. Indet species, femur.
Prob Neolithic.
11 Stone Age flint frags. 2 found outside
edge of Is.
Bhr 1961:19a (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
feature Sa/61)
No burial indications. Located beneath Bhr
1961:19. Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans^ section^ 3 photo-
graphs.
Pear-shaped pitc. 150 xc. 130x45 cm with
sooty fill. Top of pit fill 30 cm below the
kerb of overlying grave Bhr 196l; 19.
Stone Age flint irag. Found outside of W
edge.
Bhr 1961:20 (SHM pending
allocation.ATA 2863/2001
feature 6/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 5 photo plans^ section^ 2 photo-
graphs.
Is: Post hole packed with igneous stones and a
sandstone flake. Burnt stones in fill. Internal
diam c. 20 cm. Depth from top of stones 6O
cm.
Unburnt hone. c. 1 frags. Uncertain whether
these were actually slightly burnt and kept
with the burnt bones.
Burnt hone, 19 frags. Ovicaprid. (Report
lYMohiar 1999.)
Bhr 1961:21 (SHM pending
allocation.ATA 2863/2001
grave 7/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: Plan, 2 photographs.
Ss:-
Is: Cremation layer 150 x 150 x 5 cm inter-
spersed with sandstone and igneous stones. Su-
perimposed upon Bhr 196l;21a.
BD: Cremation 40 frags, 20 g. 1 adult indet-
sex human. (Report IV, Molnar 1 999.)
Comb. 1 grip rib frag. Triple edge line orna-
ment. 1 rust-stained central rivet hole.
Stone Age flint frag.
Bhr 1961:21a (ATA 2863/2001
feature 7a/6l)
No burial indications. Covered by Bhr
1961:21. Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: Plan.
Pit 70 X 70 X 15 cm with sooty fill including
stones.
No finds.
Bhr 1961:22 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 8/6 1 )
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, plan^ section, 2 pho-
tographs.
Ss: Single-layer sandstone and igneous stone
setting. Diam 160 cm. Height c. 10 cm. Su-
perimposed upon Bhr 1 960: lOb, 1 961 :22a.
1961 ;22c. SE edge cut by road-ditch.
Is: Uncertain structural relation to Bhr
1960:10b.
BD:-
2 Stone Age flint frags.
Bhr 1961:22a (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
feature 8a/6 1)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, 2 photographs.
Ss;-
Is: Cremation pit 120 x 120 x 30 cm with
stone bottom layer. Partly covered by the Ss
ofBhr 1961:22 & 1961:36a.
BD: Cremation 1.3 htres, 672 g. 2 adult
ovicaprids. (Report IV, Molnar 1 999.)
Bead, 1 brl orange.
Pottery. 2 frags. 3 parallel horizontal lines.
Stamp ornamented. 1 stamp: 4x3 square
rectangle scattered tilted below lines. Finely
tempered terracotta^:o loured ware with scat-
tered coarse quartz grains.
Bronze strip ftag. Fused with charcoal.
Double edge line ornament. Slightly tapered.
Finger ring frag?
6 bronze sheet frags. Max 1 26 mm.
Unburnt ovicaprid bones. 56 g. 1 adult
ovicaprid.
Bhr 1961:22b (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 8b/6l)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: Plan.
Ss;-
Is: Burnt deposit 60 x 30 x c. 5 cm. Located
between Bhr 1 961 :22& 196l:36a, beneath
the bottom level of both Ss.
BD: Cremation 56 frags, 20 g. Indet spe-
cies. [Report IV, Molnar 1999)
Neolithic pottery. 1 frag. Coarsely tempered.
Terracotta surface. Grey core. 13 mm thick.
Unhurnt ovicaprid bones- 4 frags.
Bhr 1961:22c (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 8/6 1 )
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Ss: Uncertain structural relation to Bhr
1961:22.
Is: Cremation deposit 50 X 25 x 10 cm. Partly
covered by SSWedge of Bhr 196l:22.
BD: Cremation c. 0.1 htres, 45 g. 1 adult
dog. 1 adult ovicaprid. 1 bird. [Report IV
Molnar 1999.)
2 Stone Age flint frags.
Unhurnt ovicaprid hones. 3 frags. Possibly
from the same individual as the burnt bones.
,63
Bhrl96l
Bhr 1961:23 (ATA 2863/2001
grave 11/61)
Escavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, 1 photograph.
Ss: Sandstone and igneous stone herb. Diani
orig c. 2.5 ni. Prob orig superimposed upon
Bhr 1961:13. Badly damaged.
Is:-
BD:-
No finds.
Bhr 1961:24 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 12/61)
Excavated hy Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 7 photo plans, section, 3 photo-
graphs.
Ss: Sandstone and igneous stone setting
topped with sandstone flakes, with kerb.
Diam 2.7 m. Height 10 cm. Superimposed
upon Bhr 196l:27. Superimposed upon
sooty layer extending outside Ss, prob indi-
cating on-site pyre.
Is: Cremation pit 60 x 60 s 20 cm partly
lined with stones, with covering stone layer.
This grave contained the metal mounts for
a rather intricate wooden structure, prob a
piece of furniture.
BD: Cremation 33 litres, 2533 g. 1 adult
indet-sex human. 1 inhumed indet-sex hu-
man, 1-2 years old. 1 adult horse. 1 adult
dog. (Report IV, Molnar 1999.)
>=1 gaming piece. 2 frags. Domed. Found
by osteologist.
Sword A, 2 frags, complete. Folded at 6
points after removal of grip. Blade l5S6mm.
Tang I 132 mm. Max blade w44 mm. Max
tang w 26 mm.
Sword C. 7 frags, incomplete. Folded at S
points after removal of grip. Blade I >717
mm. Tang I 1 15 mm. Max blade w 55 mm.
Max tang w 29 mm.
Sword E. 6 frags, incomplete. Folded at >7
points after removal of grip. Blade I >67S
mm. Tang I 126 mm. Max blade w52 mm.
Max tang w 26 mm. Fused with part of a
seax.
Seax B. W&G type SAX3. 2 frags, slightly in-
complete. Folded at 6 points after removal of
grip. Origl tote. 803 mm. Orig blade 1 c. 650
mm. Max blade w 44 mm. Max tang w 31
mm. Blade back otfeet 6 mm. Edge offeet 6
mm. Folded over and fused with an iron
mount.
Seax D. W&G type SAX4. 2 frags, com-
plete. Folded at 4 points after removal of
grip. L tot 837 mm. Blade I 662 mm. Max
blade w50 mm. Max tang w 38 mm. Blade
back offset 4 mm. Edge offset 5.5 mm. Fused
with an arrow head and iron mount frags.
Seax F. W&G type SAX4. 7 frags, incom-
plete. Folded at >3 points. L tot >543 mm.
Blade l>463 mm. Max blade w5l mm. Max
tang w 34 mm. Blade back offset 5 mm.
Edge offset 4 mm. Fused with part of a
sword.
Iron scabbard loop. Fig 10; 16 A. Cf VZG
1207-1203, 1 167. per Vll:2. Loop and short
rivet plate extant.
Lance head. W&G typeL3a. Folded at three
points. Badly corroded. Blade outhne un-
certain, probably uniformly tapered. Ridged
blade cross^ection. Rhomboid upper socket
cross -section. Socket I 86 mm. Orig blade I
c. 250 mm. Orig max blade w c. 45 mm. c.
30 mm from blade base.
4 arrow heads. Fig 1 0: 1 6 BC. W&G type
P3. Lancet-shaped. Tanged. Orig I c. 130
mm. Max extant \ 109 mm. Max blade w
22 mm. 1 fused with seax D.
Shield tivet. Fig 1 0: 1 6 D. Domed iron sheet
head with central rivet stem. Diam 38 mm.
2 heads. 1 amorph white. 1 amorph indet
colour fused with dx radius.
Bronze mount. Fig 10:l6EFG. 3 frags. Pro-
fded with finely cast edge line ornament.
>=6 composite strap mounts- W&G type
RR3. Frags, 1 1 ends, 1 complete. Rectangular
with rivet-holes in corners. Iron strip covered
with bronze sheet. Double edge line ornament.
W 155 mm. Max extant 146 mm. Complete
I 40.5 mm.
>=1 composite strap mount. W&G type
RR3. Frags, 2 ends. Rectangular with bronze
rivets in corners. Iron strip covered with
bronze sheet. Rivets joined by rectangular
countenvashers. Double edge line ornament
also on ends. W 11 mm. Max extant I 26
mm. Rivet span 3 mm.
>=5 iron strap mounts. Frags, 10 ends. Rect-
angular with rivet-holes in corners and soli-
tary ones on mid-line. Double or triple edge
line ornament. W 15 mm. Max extant 1 50
mm.
Comb, Fig 1 0: 1 6 H. 6 frags. 2 grip rib + 4
tooth plate. Triple edge line ornament. Half
a central etched lozenge extant.
Knife. Unique. Well-preserved frags, com-
plete. Bent at two points on tang and blade.
Straight blade-back. Centrally placed tang.
3 mm blade back offset and edge offset.
Blade I 1 23 mm. L tot 223 mm. Max blade
w 24 mm. Max blade thickness 3 mm.
Kmfe. Indeterminable type. Tang curved af-
ter handle has been removed. Centrally placed
tang. 2 mm blade back offset. Orig blade I
>71 mm. Origl tot >1 13 mm. Max blade w
>]7 mm. Max blade thickness 2 mm.
Iron handle. Fig 10:1 6 I. Square cross-sec-
tion, flattened ends. 87 mm between ends.
From wooden casket or small vessel?
Iron rod link. Frag. Orthogonal staple hold-
ing a rounded loop. Not part of the handle
above.
Iron j oint rivet. Well-preserved, almost com-
plete. 2 rectangular iron plates joined at cor-
ners with iron rivets. Also holes at centre of
both plates. Origl >57 mm. W23 mm. Span
8 mm.
Iron joint rivet. Well-preserved, almost com-
plete. 2 rectangular iron plates with one
rounded end^ joined at ends with single iron
rivets, 1 rivet extant. L 71 mm. W l4 mm.
Span 3 mm.
2 iron joint rivets. Frags. 2 rectangular iron
plates joined at ends with single iron rivets
of different lengths. L 39 mm. W 12 mm.
Span 3 & 5 mm.
2 iron joint rivets. Frags. 2 rectangular iron
plates joined at ends with single iron rivets
of different lengths. L 24 mm. W 10.5 mm.
Span 3 & 5. 9 & 7 mm.
Iron joint rivet. Frags. 2 rectangular iron
plates joined at ends with single iron rivets.
W l4 mm. Span >9 mm.
Iron joint rivet. Frag. 2 rectangular iron plates
joined at ends with single iron rivets. L 51
mm. W ] 1 mm. Span 1 mm.
Iron staple. Orthogonal staple of iron rod,
square cross-section. Ends driven through
object and bent inwards on other side. W
35 mm. Span 29 mm. Diam 3 mm.
Iron sheet mount. Fig 10:1 6 J. Femur-shaped.
Rivet-holes at ends, 1 extant iron rivet. Orig
mount 1 c. 73 mm. Rivet span beyond mount
37 mm. Identical to rivets below.
3 iron rivets. Stems with ends hammered
flat. Rectangular cross-section. Span 37, 39
& 40 mm. Max diam 5.5 mm. Identical to
rivet on femur-shaped mount.
Iron sheet mount. 2 frags, fused wdth seax
D. Rectangular. Iron rivets at corners. W^30
mm. Extant 1 30 + 27 mm.
Iron slieet mount. Frag, folded over, folded
into seax B and fused with it. Rectangular.
Central iron rivet. Possible part of a swivel,
Sw. lekane. W 19 mm. L c. 50 mm.
2 bronze strip mounts. Frags. Rivet holes at
ends. Bevelled edges. W 3 mm. Orig 1 60
mm.
3 iron strip mounts. Frags. 1 with iron rivet
at one end. 1 orthogonally bent. W 5 mm.
Max extant 1 6l mm. Scabbard mounts?
Iron strip mount. Frag. Pierced with iron
164
Bhr 1961:24
B
H
! I
<Si iJFf
I
Tl
^-~^
Fig. 10:1 6. Bhr I 961:24. Scale I :l . except E. F, G (2; I). Drawings by Stefan Kayat.
,65
Bhrl96l
rivet. W 10 mm. Extant 147 mm. Rivet sp:in
>3 mm.
3 iron carpentry rivets. Rhomboid counter-
washers. Span 1 1-12 mm.
Bronze siieel spangle. High profile. Di:im
9 mm. Height 7 mm. Ornamental cover for
jn iron rivet-head?
2 bronze slieet &ag&. Burnt. Max I 13 mm.
Iron object. Frag. Flatwith orthogonal bend.
Possibly part of a buckle frame. Max w 5.5
mm. Extant I 43 mm.
3 iron rod &ags. 2 orthogonally bent. Square
cross-section. Max 1 6S + 19 mm. Diam c. 5
mm. Parts of staples?
2 bear phalanges.
Unburnt ovicaprid bone. Half of an adult
ovicaprid mandible.
Bhr 1961:25 (5HM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 13/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 7 photo plans, 4 photographs.
Ssilrr^ular sandstone and igneous stone layer
covering 3 cremation deposits (Bhr 196 1:25,
26a & 26b). Extant dimensions 150 x 100
cm. Cut hy cement path.
Is: Cremation deposit c. ]5xc. I5xc. 5 cm.
BD: Cremation c. 0.4 litres, 306 g. 1 adult
indct-sex human. 1 inhumed indet-sex hu-
man, 0-7 years old. (Report IV, Molnar
1999.)
2 fish -bead pendants. KHN typeS2gl. Cf
VZG 1012, 1014, perVII:2. Frags.
Comb, Cf VZG 1081, 1082, 1034, per
VII:2. 4 frags, 2 grip rib + I tooth plate + 1
end-plate. Triple edge line^ closely set dot-
circles and fragmentary central double-line
ornament on grip rib. Closely set dot-circles
on tooth -plate and striation on its back. Par-
allel triple and double lines on end-plate.
Iron key. Badly corroded handle frag. Prob
orig round cross-section. Vestiges of loop at
butt and tlai orthogonal body at end. L 74
mm.
Knife, Frags. Tang curved. Blade 1 >90 mm.
Tang I >85 mm. Mjx blade w 29 mm. Max
tang W >15 mm.
Iron rivet. Square head. Span >12 mm.
2 unburnt oiicaprid teetb, 2 frags.
Unburnt bone irag,
Bhr 1961:26a (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave Ma/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 5 photo plans, 4 photographs.
Ss: See Bhr 1961:25.
Is: Find cluster c. 20 x c. 20 x c. 5 cm.
BD: 1 1 g unburnt bone frags. Indet species.
(Report IV, Molnar 1999.)
Armring, Fig. 10:17A. KHN type Q3f 3 frags.
Cast spiral ridges, flattened profiled punch or-
namented terminals. Terminal I 36 mm.
Proto-aninial-head broocb. Fig. 10:17 B.
KHN type G4b. Cf VZG 827, perVII:2.
Concave sides. Iron pin, broken off but ex-
tant. L 35 mm. W 22 mm.
Bronze bracteate. Fig. 10:17 C. Montelijs
1869 typeE. Folded over averse. Loop miss-
ing. Standard motif Diam 32 mm.
3 fisb-bead pendants- Fig. 10:17 D. KHN
typeS2g2. Cf VZG 1012. 1014, per VII:2.
L 20 mm.
Bead. 1 bri white.
Iron key. Fig. 10:17 E. 2 frags, handle butt
missing. 3 prongs. Flat orthogonal S-shaped
body. Handle spool-shaped with round cross-
section. Extant I 8 1 mm.
Bhr I 96 1 :26b (5HM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave I4b/6I)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 5 photo plans, 3 photographs
Ss: See Bhr 196l:25.
Is: Cremation deposit 60 x 30 x c. 5 cm.
BD: Cremation c. 0.9 litres, 774 g. 1 adult
indet-sex human. 1 adult horse. 1 adult dog.
1 adult ovicaprid. (Report lY Molnar 1999.)
S^vord, 4 frags, complete. Folded at 4 points
after removal of grip. Blade 1 757 mm. Tang
1 106 mm. Max blade w 37 mm. Max tang
w20 mm. Flaking with rust in August 199S.
Iron sheet mount. Cf VZG 541-542, per
\TI:1. Frag. Domed -head iron rivets, one at
each point of the widened part, bent over
on back-side. Max w 32 mm. Rivet span c.
3 mm.
3 iron sheet mounts. Cf VZG 54l -542, per
VII: 1. 5 frags. Bevelled edges. Domed -head
iron rivets, one at each point of the widened
parts and one at each end, bent over on back-
side. Orig I c. 175 mm. Max w 28 mm. Min
w 13 mm. Rivet span c. 3 mm.
Iron sheet mount. Tapered fastening plate
with domed iron rivets at corners. Rivets
identical to those above. Max w 22 mm.
Rivet span c. 5 mm.
2 iron sbeet mounts. 2 frags. Rectangular
fastening plates folded over the edge of some-
thing fiat. Each plate has remnants of a pro-
trusion with two diverging arms on the edge.
One has verdigris in its span. L 40 & 32
mm. Plate w 1 8 mm. Span 2,5 mm.
Seax. W&G type SAXK. Bent. L tot >222
mm. Blade I 192 mm. Max blade w 24 mm.
Max tangw l4 mm. Blade back offset 3 mm.
Edge offset 3 mm.
Arrowhead, W&G typePl. Socketed. Lan-
cet-shaped blade. Origl tot 80-85 mm. Tang
1 38 mm. Max blade w 12 mm.
Iron hook, Cf VZG 708, per VIM. Flat
tapered fastening plate with central bronze
rivet and iron sheet counterwasher. Hook
fused with iron rod loop frag. L 44 mm. W
17 mm. Rivet span c. 5 mm.
Comb. 1 grip rib frag. Triple edge line.
Found by osteologist.
Pot. 12 frags, incomplete, reconsfrjctible.
Stamp, line and pinprick ornamented. 2
stamps irregularly covering the vessel's neck
and jpper shoulder part: 4x3 grid rectangle
& 2x2 grid square. On the neck also a line-
delimited rectangle divided by at least one
vertical line and filled with pinpricks. On
the shoulder a diagonally cross-hatched belt,
delimited by single horizontal lines. At least
the 4x3 stamp also appears below the belt
on the scantily preserved bulb. Turned-out
rim, neck, bulb^ flat base. Finely tempered
"ware, terracotta-grey throughout. 3-4 mm
thick at shoulder. Rim diam c. 140 mm. Min
neck diam c. 120 mm 40 mm below rim.
Belt 67-85 mm below rim. Max diam c. 1 70
mm 90 mm below rim. Bottom diam c. 90
mm. Height >l40 mm.
Iron carpentry rivet. Square head. Head side
1 6 mm. Span 9 mm.
Iron carpentry rivet. Round head. Head
diam 28 mm. Span 10 mm.
Unburnt ovicaprid tooth. 1 adult ovicaprid.
Bhr 1961:27 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 15/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: Photo plan^ plan, 2 photographs.
Ss:-
Is: Cremation pit 90 x 90 x c. 40 cm. Cov-
ered by Bhr 1961:24.
BD: Cremation 1.6 litres. 901 g. 10 cm thick
deposit, top c. 30 cm below bottom level of
h of Bhr 1961:25. 1 adult indet-sex human.
(Report IV, Molnar 1999.)
Glass vessel. Bowl or squat jar, probably
Early Vendel Period judging from line tech-
nique. 24 g. Semi-melted frags. Pale green
with horizontal 1 mm wide opaque white
lines on surface.
2 dress pins. Identical. 1 slightly warped and
fused with glass. Mushroom head with stri-
ated cross. Double cuff, the upper one
beaded. L 67 mm.
166
Bhr 1961:26a
B
Fig. 10:1 7. Bhr I 961 :26a. Scale 1:1. Drawings by Stefan Kayat.
5 beads. 2 aniorph red. 1 aniorph white. 1
amorph tluc green. 1 aniorpK black with
white circles.
Comb. Cf. VZG 406^03, per VIl:l. 12
frags, reconstructible^ 6 grip rib + 6 tooth
plate. Double edge line. Single 2-concentric
dot-circles along mid -line. 2-concentric dot-
semicircles on end-plates. Bronze rivet?.
Bronze sheet vessel. Frags. Thickened edge.
Max frag 1 54 mm.
Bronze rivet. Frag. Stem frag with one flat-
tened end fused with part of a rectangular
bronze sheet counter washer.
1 1 bear phalanges. ] ] frags.
10 lynx phalanges. Including 7 second pha-
langes.
Unbutnt bone. 1 frag.
Bhr I 961 :28(5HM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 16/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, section, photographs.
Ss: Two-layer igneous stone setting with
sandstone and igneojs block kerb covered
with remnants of sandstone flake brim.
Diam 3.75 m. Height 35 cm.
Is: Disarticulated bone bundle with 170 x
30 cm igneous block cover^ 344°. No sign
of any post-construction disturbance.
BD: Inhumation 31 51 e- Bones from lower
half ofbody piled on top of those from the
upper. Long bone? oriented NNW. Cranium
NNWofbjndle.Bonebundle335°. I male-
sex human, 35-45 year? old, stature c. 168.5
cm, extremely enlarged tendon insertions,
particularly those of the deltoid muscles^
pathological wear on spine and feet. (Report
lYMolnar 1999.)
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1961:29 (ATA 2863/2001
feature 17/61)
No burial indications. Excavated by Peter
Manneke.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans^ section^ 2 photo-
graphs.
Pit 130 X 100 X c. 30 cm with sooty, char-
coal-mixed fill and abundant stones mainly
in upper layers. Bowl-shaped section.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1961:30 (ATA 2863/2001
feature 18/61)
No burial indications. Excavated by Peter
Manneke.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, photo section^ 3 pho-
tographs.
Is: Pit 100 X 100 X 30 cm with sooty sand
All and abundant small stones and flakes.
Bowl-shaped section.
No flnds.
Bhr 1961:31 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 19/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 9 photo plans, section, S photo-
graphs.
Ss: Igneous stone kerb covering sandstone
flake cist brim. Entire structure concealed
by a thin layer of small mixed stones extend-
ing throughout the area. Diam 1.5 m.
Height40 cm.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 70 x 30 x 40 cm with
limestone lid block, 4°.
BD: Inhumation 252 g. Extended on back,
arms along sides, ankles crossed sin on dx,
face turned sin, 10°. 1 indet-sex child. 1-1.5
years old, numerous pathological depressions
on teeth indicating malnutrition from fourth
foetal month to fifth month after birth. (Re-
port IV, Molnar 1999.)
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1961:32 (ATA 2863/2001
structure 20/61)
No burial indications. Excavated by Peter
Manneke.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans, 2 photographs.
Is: Pit 50 X 50 X 30 cm with sooty sand fill and
small stones and flakes. Bowl-shaped section.
No finds.
i67
Bhrl96l
Bhr l96l:33a,b,c(SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 21/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picfloc: 10 photo plans, section, 24 photo-
graphs + 11 of finds.
Ss: Two-layer sandstone and igneous stone
setting with mixed boulder kerb. Orig diani
7.0 m. Height 40 cm. S half of edge dam-
aged and partly cut by road-ditch.
Is: Off-centre (N) oval trench 2.5 x 1.5 x
0.35 m, 307°, with its own igneous and sand-
stone boulder kerb, covered with igneous and
sandstone boulders. Shallow central robber
pit cut slightly into burial c, possibly also
disturbing burial a slightly.
BD: 3 burials or bone deposits.
a. Cremation c 10.4 litres, 7558 g. Dis-
tinct cremation layer 130 x 80 x 12 cm in
SE half of Is, 22° (fig. 7:6). 1 adult prob
male-sex human. 1 adult horse. 2 adult
dogSr 1 fish, pike, Esox Indus, Sw. gadda.
(Report IV & VI, Molnar & Svensson
1999.)
b. Cremation c. 0.1 litres, 100 g. Cre-
mation deposit 45 X 40 X 5 cm outside
NE edge of Is kerb. 1 adult ovicaprid.
(Report IV, Molnar 1999.)
c. Inhumation 734 g in NW half of Is,
extended on dx side, prob 1 hand be-
neath head, 20°. 1 prob male-sex hu-
man, 4-5 years old. (Report IV, Molnar
1999.)
Burial a:
Glass claw beaker. Cf Vendel XII. 195 g.
Melted frags. Fused with burnt bone and
bronze sheet. Green. 1 mm thick threads of
the same glass set parallel on surface 5-8 mm
apart. 1 frag solidified against a striated sur-
face.
C, 74 gaming pieces. Frags. Domed. Diam
19-20 mm.
Sword. 6 recognizable frags, completeness
uncertain. Folded at >=3 points. Point slightly
damaged as if the blade has been thrust into
wood or earth. Damascened steel with a cen-
tral blade groove. Blade 1 >=694 mm. Tang 1
117 mm. Max blade w 50 mm. Blade groove
max w 20 mm. Max tang w23 mm.
Sword hilt moimt. Fig. 1 0: 1 8 A. W&G type
SP3. Frag. Parry -guard for the lower hilt. Cast
with bevelled edges. Unadorned. Pierced for
tang. Rivet holes at ends. Orig I 106.5 mm.
Max w 21 mm. Thickness 4 mm. Tang aper-
ture 26.5 X 6 mm.
Swofd hilt mount. Fig. 10:18B. W&G type
SP3. 3 frags. Bronze sheet w^th remains of a
central hole for the tang and rivet holes at
the ends. Bevelled edges. Thickness 1.5 mm.
Sword liilt mount? End frag with rivet hole.
Cast with bevelled edges. Thickness 2.5 mm.
>=2 sword hilt rivets. Fig. 10:18 C & D.
Cf the upper hilt ofVZG 522, perVIkl.
Frags. Cast domed bronze head with a re-
verse-bevelled lower edge. 3 heads pierced
by rivet stems^ 1 with cast stem. Head diam
c. 7.5 mm. Max extant stem I 1 0.5 mm,
2 scabbard mounts. Fig 10:18 E & F Cf
\'ZG 537, per VIM. Excellently preserved.
3 groups of 4 ornamental rivets with globu-
lar heads. Different size rivets and different
overall proportions. No sign of any fasten-
ing contraptions. Both I 74.5 mm.
Bandoher disc. Cf VZG 524 & 534, per
VII:1. Badly warped. Unadorned top sjr-
^Acs. Bevelled edge. Diam 26 mm. Extant
stem I 1 1 mm.
Iron strap mount. Fig. 10; 18 G. Rectangj-
lar. Bevelled edges. Domed silver-plated
bronze rivets in corners. Counterplate miss-
ing. L 47 mm. W 26 mm. Rivet head diam
9.5 mm. Span <7 mm.
Lance head. Fig. 10:18 H. W&G type Ll.
CfX'TG 554-570, per VII:1. Well preserved.
Folded at 2 points. Ridged cross-section. Or-
namental strip along edges, 2 crossing or-
thogonal zigzag lines delimited by double
lines. Transversal bronze rivet through socket.
L tot 446 mm. Blade I 352 mm. Rivet 54
mm from socket base. Max blade w42 mm.
2 ornamental lance head nioimts. Fig. 1 0: 1 8
LCf VZG 557, per VII:1. Warped frags. Or-
nate central knob with loose striated oval
bmnze cuff. Curved base surface. Knob max
diam 19 mm. Cuff max diam 22 mm.
Ornamental lance head mount. Fig. 1 0: 1 8
J. Domed head with cast striated cuff. In-
side this a smaller dome. Central rivet hole
in int dome. Curved base surface. Max diam
14.5 mm.
Umbo. W&G type SBAl. Flattened from
above. Dome with integral top disc, nar-
rowed base and brim. 5 rivet holes in brim.
Brim diam 208 mm. Max dome diam c. 130
mm. Top disc diam 24 mm. Found upside
down.
8 shield spangles. Silver-plated bronze sheet.
Domed. Traces of a soldered-on rivet-stem
inside. Diam 31 mm. Height 15 mm.
3 shield spangles. Silver-plated bronze sheet
over an iron dome. Central iron rivet stem.
Diam 31 mm. Height 15 mm.
Shield han<lle. Fig. 10:18 K. Frags, recon-
structible. Bent at >=2 points. Angular pro-
trusions on either side of grip. Tapered ends.
Roundedly triangular grip cross-section.
Transversal striation on ends, with diffuse
parts diagonally cross-striated. Fastened with
iron rivets, flat round head with an incised
cross. Textile frags preserved in corrosion, L
tot 584 mm. Grip 1 100 mm. Central fasten-
ing rivets 156 mm apart. End rivet l4 mm
from end. Max w 43 mm. Rivet head diam
1 mm, stem 1 >24 mm.
Shield edge mounts. Fig. 10tl3 L. Frags. U-
shaped cross-section iron mounts held in
place with rectangular bronze sheet mounts.
These are folded over the iron mount and
riveted through with 2 or 3 domed-head
bronze rivets. Bronze mount w 12& l6mm.
Animal head mount. Fig. 10:18 M. Care-
fully mode] led cast bronze. Dot-circle punches
on eye-protrusions. Rivet-hole through fore-
head, slot in back of neck. Prob from the end
of the shield handle. L 33 mm.
Bridle bit. Fig 10:18 N, O & R \C&G type
RTl . Frags. 2 profiled iron bit links with cop-
per-alloy wire inlay on outer loops, like those
ofVZG 675,176.5 mm. 2 cavetto bronze rings,
1 extant^ diam 55 mm. Warped frags of4 com-
posite bronze strap fastening mounts, each con-
sisting of 3 parts joined with 4 rivets: open
bronze ring diam 25 mm with 2 flat polygo-
nal fastening plates^ these plates sandwiched
between top plate and counterplate; top plate
shaped as VZG 672-673 with terminal like
VZG 284, a domed -head bronze rivet at each
point, badlydamaged silver & niello ornamen-
tal surface, be\'elled edges, terminal punch or-
namented with 2 punches in transversal lines,
2 dot-circles punched on back-side of 1 termi-
nal plate, terminal plate flat, covered with a
domed ornamental rivet-head diam 1 1 mm;
sturdy shape-cut bevelled-edge bronze sheet
counterplate. Fastening mounts in 2 sizes, 2 of
each; counterplates 1 66.5 mm & 75 mm, max
w 22 & 26 mm. Strap span on la^e mount 6
mm. No sign of any wear on contact surfaces.
2 strap buckles. Fig 1 0: 1 8 Q. Cf VZG 290,
per \1I:1. Identical. Oval profiled frame cast
in one piecewithsht trapezoid fastening plate.
Bronze tongue held by iron axis. Triple edge
line ornament. Domed -head bronze rivets in
corners. 3 punched dots on the back-side of
one. L 30.5 mm. Plate I 18.5 mm. Max plate
w 1 5 mm.
2 strap buckles. Fig. 10:18 R Identical. 1
fused with a glass lump when found. Oval
profiled frame. Cast fastening plate with 2
loops folded over frame. Be\'elled edges. Triple
edge line ornament. Domed-head bronze riv-
ets in corners. L tot 37 mm. Plate I 21 .5 mm.
Plate w 15.5 mm. Span 4.5 mm.
2 bridle strap crossing mounts. Fig. 1 0: 1 8
Bhr 1961:33a
' ;â– "':
2:1
2:1
H
Fig. 10:18. Bhr I 961 :33a. Scale 1:1, except as noted. Drawings by Stefan Kayat.
Bhr 1961:33a
K
1:3
z
D
0=
h
z
u
UJ
n
MS
J '
rJj
- - L'^.j
L3
M
E^yyx/*v>^^^-'-''/w ^â– 'x
Fig. 10:18. Bhr I 96 1:33a. Scale 1:1, except as noted.
Drawings by Stefan Kayat.
w
170
Bhr 1961:33a
Fig. 10:18. Bhr I 961 :33a. Scale I : I, except as noted. Drawings by Stefan Kayat.
Bhr 1961:33a
Fig. lOMS.Bhr 1961:33a. Scale 1:1,
except as noted.
Drawings by Stefan Kayat.
AA
AB
AC
AD
AE
AF
S. Nylen 1979. W&G type RVU. Identi-
cal. Silver-plated cast bronze. Square with
square corner protrusions. Slightly damaged
raised central silver & niello ornamental sur-
face^ counter-clockwise Style II swastika,
toothy maws. 4 bird of prey heads at centre.
Punch ornamented edges with 2 punches,
the concentric circles in the corners identi-
cal to the ones on the strap mounts. Bronze
sheet counterplate, 1 extant, square with
round corner protrusions. Silver-plated
domed-head bronze rivets in protrusions.
Dimensions not counting protrusions 42.5
X 42.5 mm. Span 4.5 mm.
4 strap mounts. Fig. 10:18 T & U. W&G
type RRl a. All complete, 1 fragmented. Rect-
angular Bevelled edges. Punch ornamented
with 3 punches^ identical to the ones on the
strap end mounts, slightly varying arrange-
ments. Domed-head bronze rivets in corners
and a central cast rivet stem on the back-side.
Iron sheet counterplate covering the entire
back-side. L 71-72 mm. \f 13 mm. Span 1.5
mm.
4 strap end mounts. Fig. 10:18 V. W&G
type ZRl. Cf. VZG 260-261, per Vll:l.
Bevelled edges. Punch ornamented with 3
punches, identical to the ones on the strap
mounts, slightly varying arrangements.
Bronze rivets in corners. The small rhom-
boid p jnch has been applied also to the rivet
heads. L 84 mm. Fastening plate w 14 mm.
Span 1.5 mm.
Strapend mount. Fig. 10:18W.W&G type
ZRl . Cast bronze. Tongue-shaped with an-
gular shoulders and trapezoid fastening plate.
Unadorned. Bevelled edges. Strap sht with
2 bronze rivets placed in corners. L 64 mm.
Strap w 14 mm.
2 iron strap buckles. Fig. 10:18X. Iron sheet
fastening plate, pierced for tongue and folded
over oval buckle frame. 4 domed-head riv-
ets along plate edge. L tot 57 mm. Plate 145
mm. Plate w47 mm. Strap w40 mm. Span
c. 6 mm.
79 beads. Petre 1984 type P3. 42 amorph red.
l4 bri red. 4 obi qcon red. 3 brl limestone. 3
obi cy\ limestone diam 12-13 mm. 3 amorph
red with diagonal white-black-yellow belts. 2
amorph red with a white-black-yellow-black-
white equatorial belt. 1 obi cyl limestone diam
1 mm. 1 amorph orange. 1 amorph turquoise.
1 amorph red and tluc white. 4 amorph indet
colour.
Strap end mount. Fig. 10:18Y W&G type
ZR2. Cf VZG 223-226, per VII: 1 . Bevelled
front edge. Interlace ornament on surface.
Bronze rivets in corners. L 26 mm. W 15.5
mm. Span 2 mm.
Comb, Frags^ 2 grip rib + 9 tooth plate.
Triple edge line and a central longitudinal
triple line.
Staple cing. Fig. 10:18 Z. Bronze rod staple
and cavetto ring. Splayed ends too short to
hold the staple onto a strap, making a thin
board more likelv. Ring diam 8.5 mm. Staple
span 5 mm.
Knife. Frags, badly corroded. 2 parallel
grooves along blade back on both sides of
blade. Tip folded over Blade 1 c. 150 mm.
Max blade w >31 mm. Max fang w c. 20
mm. Blade back offeef 4 mm.
2 knife handle mounts. Fig. 10:18 AA &
AB. Bronzesheetcuffe covered with iron cor-
rosion products. Droplet-shaped cross-sec-
tion. Nail-holes on top and sides of butt
mount. Blade aperture w 24 mm. W 33 &
35 mm.
172
Bhrl96l
Bronze sheet vessel. Burnt frags^ m^x I 32
mm. Thickened edge.
Bronze loop. Fig,. 10:18 AC. Frag. Ost, flat.
1 extent rivet-hole. W 12 mm.
2 composite ornamental ri\ets. Fig. 10:18 AD.
Disc-shaped bronze head wrapped in silver foil.
Bevelled edge. Round bronze sheet counter-
washer. Originally riveted tightly onto surhice,
or the silver foil would have come loose. Head
diain22mn"i. Counterwasherdlam^mm. Span
55 mm.
1 1 composite ornamental rivets. Fig. 10:18
AE. Disc-shaped bronze head wrapped in sil-
ver foil. Slightly ofF-centre stem with flat-
tened end and round bronze sheet counter-
washer. Orig riveted tightly onto surface, or
the silver foil would have come loose. Head
diam 15.5 mm. Counferwasherdiain9 mm.
Span 3.5 mm.
22 ornamental bronze rivets. Some warped
or semi-melted. Disc-shaped head with
slightly off-centre stem, flattened end. Prob
orig equipped with silver sheet and counter-
washers as above. Diam 14-15 mm. Span
3.5-4 mm.
2 ornamental bronze rivets. Fig. 1 0: 1 8 AF.
Cast with domed head, bevelled lower edge.
Low profile. Diam 1 6 mm. Head height 4.5
mm. Stem 1 >5 mm.
Ornamental bronze rivet. Frag. Domed sheet
head. Square sheet counterwasher. Head diam
1 6 mm. Span 4 mm.
>=l6 ornamental iron nails- Frags. Domed
head. 2 orthogonally bent. Head diam 10
mm. Stem 1 c. 23 mm. Bend span 24 mm.
Possibly these are what held the spangles to
the shield.
3 bronze rivets. Round flat heads and flat-
tened ends. Head diam 4 mm. Span 7.5 mm.
3 bronze rivets. Flattened at both ends.
Slightly curved. Span 5-7 mm.
Bronze rivet. Flat round head. Rectangular
iron counterwasher. Head diam 7 mm. Span
6.5 mm.
Iron joint rivet. Frags, complete. 2 rectan-
gular iron plates joined at ends with single
iron rivets. L 27 mm. W 12 mm. Span 6
mm.
Iron joint rivet. Frags. 2 rectangular iron
plates joined at ends with single iron rivets.
W9.5 mm. Span 9 mm.
2 iron rivets. Frags. Flat round head. Round
stem cross -sect ion. Head diam 9 mm. Stem
1 >23 mm.
Iron carpentry rivet. Flat round head.
Rhomboid counterwasher. Head diam 20
mm. Span 28 mm.
>=17 iron carpentry nails. Frags. Flat round
head. Rectangular stem cross-section. Head
diam 12-15 mm. Stem I >45 mm.
Textile frags. Twill. Preserved by rust. Found
by osteologist.
2 embossed bronze sheet frags. Diagonal
cross-hatching. Lines 1.5 mm apart. Max
extant I 17 mm.
Bone point. Frag. Similar to a tooth root.
11x4 mm. Found by osteologist.
Fossil. Frags. Orthoceratite segment with
central hole.
7 bear phalanges.
Organic substance. 1 frag. Black, bubbly,
low density. Burnt resin?
Unburnt ovicaprid bones. Including a tooth
and an astragalus. Only the tooth found in
stores.
Unburnt bird bone- Goosander, Alej^s mer-
ganser, scapula. Prob Neolithic.
Stone Age flint frag.
Bone deposit b:
Unburnt bone. 3 frags including ribs. Not
found in stores.
Burial c:
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1961:34 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 22-23/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, section.
Ss: Single-layer igneous stone setting. Diam
1 m. Height 1 cm. Superimposed upon Bhr
1961:35 and Bhr 1967:09.
Is: Central bone deposit 50 x 50 x S cm.
BD: Cremation, a few small frags, 6 g. Indet
species. (Report lY Molnar 1 999.)
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1961:35 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 24/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 6 photo plans^ section, 9 photo-
graphs + 1 of finds.
Ss: Oval single-layer sandstone and igneous
stone setting with mixed kerb. Diam 3.6 x
3.1 m. Height 20 cm. 311°. W edge cov-
ered by Bhr 196l:34. SE edge covered by
Bhr 1961:36a.
Is: Central sandstone slab cist 40 x 30 x 40
cm with sandstone lid slab, 332°.
BD: Cremation 0.9 litres, 85S g. 1 adult fe-
male-sex human. 1 adult fox. (Report IV,
Molnar 1999.)
Dress pin, 2 frags. Mushroom head with
double-line cross and single cuff Orig 1 >37
mm.
3 beads. 1 amorph green. 1 amorph indet
colour. 1 amorph black with equatorial tluc
green -white-yellow concentric eyes.
Comb. 9 frags, reconstructible, 5 grip rib -i-
4 tooth plate. Peaked outline. Triple edge
line ornament. 3 transverse lines near each
end. No other ornamentation. 10 centrally
placed bronze rivets plus 1 irregular 4 mm
from one of the regulars. Orig I c. l40 mm.
Max grip rib height 14 mm.
iron rivet. Frag. Domed head, diam 9 mm.
Span >l4 mm.
Bronze sheet frag. 1 straight edge. L 1 7 mm.
Ovicaprid tooth- 1 adult ovicaprid.
Bhr 1961:36a (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave2S-26/6l)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 7 photo plans, section, 4 photo-
graphs + 1 of finds.
Ss: Oval single-layer sandstone and igneous
stone setting with kerb. Diam 3.1 x 2.6 m.
Height c. 10 cm. 36°. Superimposed upon
Bhr 1961:22a, 196l:35, 196l;36b & c. W
edge damaged.
Is: Off-centre (S) cremation pit 125 x 100 x
10 cm. Parts of cremation deposit placed in
two side pits (Bhr 196l:36b & c).
BD: Cremation 0.5 htres, 376 g. 1 adult
prob male-sex human. 1 adult ovicaprid.
(Report IV, Molnar 1999.)
Glass vessel. 15 g. Melted lumps. Pale green.
Identical to the glass in Bhr 196l:36b & c.
Indeterminable vessel type.
2 duckbill brooches. KHN type G3. Iden-
tical. Diffuse cast contour hne ornament.
Free axis and pin, only 1 loose bronze pin
extant, L 50.5 mm. Max w 22 & 23 mm.
One bent slightly sin, the other slightly dx.
4 fish-head pendants. KHN type S2gL Cf.
VZG 1012, 1014, per VII;2. Max I l6.5
mm.
Bronze chain, 3 frags.
60 beads. Petre 1984 type P4. 19 amorph
green. 3 amorph red. 6 fglob limestone. 3
obi cyl limestone diam 1 1-13 mm. 3 obi cyl
limestone diam 9 mm. 3 brl red, 3 obi qcon
red. 3 amorph green with 2 crossed red-
white-red belts and white dots. 2 amorph
orange. 2 amorph white. 2 amorph tur-
quoise. 2 amorph green with red-white-red
equatorial belt and white dots. 1 amorph
vellow. 1 amorph green with black-redilack
equatorial belt. 1 amorph white with wavy
blue hne crossed by red equator. 1 amorph
red and blue.
Strap joiner. One half, forming a styhsed
173
Bhrl96l
animal's head. Central transversal loop for
the axis. Unadorned except for cuts in the
edge either side of the loop. Concavely ta-
pered toward end. Two rivet holes at loop, a
single one at end. Origl from end to axis 25
mm. W 9.5 mm.
Strap end mount. KHN type C6b 1 . W&G
type ZR. Cf. VZG 235-236, per Vll:!. 2
frags, base missing. Tongue-shaped with an-
gular shoulders. Unadorned. L end-shoul-
der 24 mm. Shoulder w 7 mm.
Comb. 6 frags, 3 grip rib + 2 tooth plate + 1
end plate. Triple edge line. 2 parallel vertical
triple lines on each side of end plate.
Bronze cosmetic utensil, Cf VZG 1095b,
per VII :2. Handle terminal frag. Dot-circles
on ccb cuff and loop arms.
Bronze key. Cf VZG 1131, per V1I:2. 3
frags, handle & part of flat crossbar. Dot-
circle ornamented ccb cuffs.
Knife. Well preserved, tang end missing.
Fused with remains of leather sheath. Blade
1 1 13 mm. Tangl >55 mm. Max blade w20
mm. Max tang w 1 2 mm. Blade back offset
4 mm. Edge offset 3 mm.
Iron staple. Frag. Driven through board and
bent on the other side. Span 1 5 mm.
Iron carpentry rivet. Span l4 mm.
Iron nail. Domed head. Orthogonal bend.
Head diam 10 mm. Span 14 mm.
C- 15 bronze sheet frags. Mas I 25 mm.
5 bear phalanges. Found by osteologist in
1999.
Bhr 1961:36b (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
feature 27/61)
No burial indications. Side pit for the cre-
mation deposit of Bhr 196l:36a. Excavated
by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, section, 3 photo-
graphs + 1 of finds.
Is: Pit 155 X lOOxc. 15 cm filled with sooty
sand and stones. Partly covered by the Ss of
Bhr 1961:36a.
Class lumps- 2.5 g. Pale green. Identical to
the glass in Bhr 196l:36a & c. Indetermin-
able vessel type.
Bronze chain frig. Fused with beads.
Bronze ring. Frag. Round cross-section.
Diam c. 20 mm. Prob orig linking the uten-
sils in Bhr 196l:36a.
15 beads. 2 fglob red. 2 amorph red. 2
amorph white. 2 amorph yellow. 2 amorph
semitluc green, not identical to glass lumps.
] amorph tluc green. I amorph blue. 1 obi
cyl limestone diam 13 mni. 1 obi cyl lime-
stone diam 8 mm. 1 brl limestone.
Iron carpentry rivet- Frag. Rhomboid counter-
washer. Span 1 1 mm.
Bronze rivet. Frag. Placed at one end of a
rectangular counter washer, w 6 mm. Span
>5 mm,
5 bronze sheet frags. Max 1 25 mm.
Bhr 1961:36c (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
feature 28/61)
No burial indications. Side pit for the cre-
mation deposit of Bhr 1961:36a. Excavated
by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans^ section^ 3 photo-
graphs + 1 of finds.
Is: Figure 8-shaped pit l65 x 90 x 30 cm
filled with sooty sand and stones. Partly cov-
ered by the Ss of Bhr 1 96l :36a.
Glass lump. 1 g. Pale green. Identical to the
glass in Bhr 196l;36a & b. Indeterminable
vessel type.
Unbnrni ovicaprid hone- Frag. Ovicaprid^
femur. (Report IV. Molnar 1 999.)
Bhr 1961:37 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 29/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans^ section^ 5 photo-
graphs + 1 of finds.
Ss: Two-layer sandstone and igneous stone
setting with igneous stone herb. Diam 2.0
m. Height c. 10 cm. Superimposed upon
Bhr 1961:38.
Is: Off-centre (SW) cremation deposit c. 50
X c. 40 X c. 5 cm. Contains intrusive mate-
rial from Bhr 1967:4l in view of the pot-
tery frag.
BD: Cremation 0.4 litres, 445 g. 1 adult
prob female-sex human. (Report IV, Molnar
1999.)
Arm ring. Fig. 10:19 A Cf. VZG 1555, per
VII:3. 2 badiv warped frags. Punch orna-
mented.
Arm ring. Fig. 10:19 B. KHN type Q3f Cf
VZG 1537-1538, per VTI:3. 2 warped frags.
1 extant terminal. Cast spiral ridges with flat
inside. Terminal 1 21 mm, w 5 mm. 1 frag
missing from stores.
Arm ring. Fig. 10:19 C. KHN type Q3a.
Cf VZG 1522, per VII:3. 2 warped frags,
complete. 3 punched circles and 2 sets of
paired notches on terminal, forming the ru-
diments of a face. Ext diam 50 mm. Termi-
nal 1 15 mm, w4 mm.
Disc-on-bow brooch. Fig. 10:19 D. KHN
type E2a2-large. Cf VZG 1365, per VII:3.
Dimensions like VZG 1363, per V1I;3. 4
badly warped frags. Foot disc diam 24.5 mm.
Orig I tot c. 120 mm.
Proto- animal -head hrooch. Fig. 10:19 E.
KHN type G4b. Partly badly melted and
warped. Eye holes. Bronze pin. Line orna-
ment. Orig 1 40-45 mm.
Dress pin. Fig. 10:19 F. Mushroom head
with single cuff L 29 mm.
Dress pin- Fig. 10:19 G. Plain cylindrical
head, 1 2 mm, diam 3 mm. L tot 34.5 mm.
Bronze bracteite. Montelijs 1869 type E.
Complete. Diam c. 45 mm. Not found in
stores.
2 bronze bracteates. Montelijs 1869 type E,
Frags, loops missing. Rivets with soldered
beaded -wire cuf^ below loop. Diam 36 & 48
mm. 1 frag missing from stores.
3 fish-head pendants. Fig. 10:19 H. KHN
type S2g2. Cf VZG l495, per VTI:3. 3 triple
lines. Single dot circles at corners of mouth.
Max 1 26.5 mm.
5 beads. 1 brl yellow. 1 fglob yellow diam 5
mm. 1 amorph ve How. 1 brl blue. 1 brl green.
Openwork disc. Fig. 10:19 I. KHN type
S2a2. Frags. 2 concentric circles joined with
4 spokes. 6 ccb swellings on the outer ring
and 4 on the inner. Punch ornamented with
dot-circles. Diam c. 65 mm. Not found in
stores.
Utensil brooch. Fig. 10:19 J. KHN type
A2d3. Cf VZG 954, 1450, perVII:2-3. Not
found in stores.
1-2 knives. 3 badly corroded frags. Measure-
ments possible for 1 specimen. Straight back.
Blade I >82 mm. Max blade w c. 13 mm.
Pottery. 1 frag. From the vessel in Bhr
1967:41.
Unhurnt bone. 1 long bone frag.
2 embossed bronze sheet &ags. Corroded.
Longitudinal line ornament.
Bhr 1961:38 (ATA 2863/2001
feature 30/61)
No burial indications. Partly covered by Bhr
196 1:37. Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, section, 6 photo-
graphs.
Pit 130 X 70 X 40 cm filled with stones.
No finds.
Bhr 1961:39a (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 31/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 5 photo plans^ section^ 12 photo-
graphs + 2 of finds.
Ss: Single-layer sandstone and igneous stone
setting with herb. Diam origc. 4.5 m. Height
174
Bhr 1961:37
B
H
Fig. I 0;l 9. Bhr 1961.37. Scale l;l.
Drawings by Stefan Kayat (I and J after photographs).
175
Bhrl96l
c. 15 cni. Superimposed uponBhr 196l:39b
& Ct located NE of cist. Badly damaged by
gardening.
Ik Central sandstone and igneous stone cist
> 1 20 X 45 X 20 cm, 355 °. N end-slab missing.
BD: Cremation deposit 1 .5 litres, 904 g. in
centre of cist. 1 adult prob female-sex hu-
man. 1 indet-sex human, 0-1 years old. (Re-
port IV & VI, Molnar&Svensson 1999.)
Glass vessel. 89 g. Melted lumps. Pale green.
Indeterminable vessel type.
8 gaming pieces. Frags. Domed. Max diam
17 mm.
2 arrow heads, W&G type Pi. Socketed.
Lancet-shaped blade. Orig 1 tot c. 96 mm.
Socket 1 43 mm. Max blade w 12 mm.
Disc-on-bow btoocli, KHN type E2b. Cf
VZG 40, per VII;]. Inlay obliterated on disc
and slightly damaged elsewhere by fire. Fih-
gree wire frags from disc frame and central
garnet stud extant. Preservation otherwise
excellent. Excellent workmanship. Garnet
cloisonne and bone inlay discs. Silver fili-
gree. Punch ornament front and back. Sin
headplate stud pale green glass, prob a re-
placement. L 93.8 mm. Headplate max w
45.7 mm. Disc diam 29.9 mm.
Proto -animal -head brooch. KHN tvpe G4a.
Cf. VZG 12-13, perVIIil. Frags. Compos-
ite. L 36.5 mm.
2 proio- animal -he ad brooches- KHN type
G4b. Cf VZG 802-305, per VII;2. Identi-
cal. Excellently preserved. Both bent sin.
Bronze pins. L 27 mm. W22.5 mm.
2 dress pins. Orig identical. 1 warped and
missing point. Mushroom head with double
line cross. Striated hat edge and cuff 4 lines
on stem. Orig I 53 mm.
Fish- head pendant. Uncertain type. Frag.
Utensil broocli. KHN type A2d2. Cf VZG
186, per VII: 1. Frags, complete except for the
vertical bronze wire pin of which only the
fastening loop remains. Conical frame with
2protrusions. Pjnch ornamented. 1 trapezoid
strap -fastening protrusion with a bearded
mask, rivets incomers. 1 featureless but well-
formed boar's head protrusion with a trans-
versal loop on the muzzle. L tot over strap
protrusion 48 mm. Diam 35 mm. Height 7
mm. Strap protrusion mas w 1 2.5 mm.
31 beads, Petre 1984 type P3. 7amorph red.
5 brl red. 5 obi cyl limestone diam 1 1-12.5
mm. 4 brl limestone. 3 obi cyl limestone
diam 8-9.5 mm. 1 obi qcon red. 1 amorph
orange. 1 amorph tjrquoise. 1 amorph tluc
deep blue. 1 amorph red with diagonal
white-b lack-white and yellow-black-yellow
belts. 2 amorph indet colour.
Openwork disc. KHN type S2al . Cf VZG
978, per V1I;2. Warped frags, centre miss-
ing. Animal head triskele in a circular frame
with 5 ccb swellings. Punch ornamented
with dot-circles. Diam 65-70 mm.
Bird mount, KHN type C8. Cf VZG 200-
205, per VII: 1. Punch ornamented. Finely
wrought. Max l30 mm. Rivet span 1.5 mm.
Strap end moimt, KHN type C6b2. W&G
type ZR. Cf VZG 256, per V1I:1. 2 frags,
complete. Punch ornamented, 2 punches.
Riveted onto strap with 3 bronze rivets, those
in the corners joined with a rectangular
counter washer. L 67.5 mm. Max w 1 1 .5 mm.
2 combs. Many frags, reconstructible, includ-
ing a comb case. Seemingly identical. Triple
edge lines and transversals on grip ribs and
comb case, and on tooth end plates. Peaked
upper tooth plate cross-section. Paired iron
and bronze rivets. Height at end 33 mm.
Cosmetic ntensi!. Butt frag, cf VZG 433,
434, 438. Joined to key with bronze wire
ring.
Bronze key. VZG perVI]:l-2. 3 warped frags^
handle body missing. Orthogonal S-shape.
Punch ornamented. Two-horned loop. At
handle joint and loop striated slightly conical
cuff^ flanking a ccb with dot-circles. 3 prongs.
Butt joined to cosmetic utensil with bronze
wire ring.
Iron sheet lock plate. Frags. Roughly rectan-
gular with a central rectangular hole. Rivets in
2 corners, joined alongshortside by iron sheet
counterwasher. On the other side of thehole^
1 off-centre iron rivet with a rectangular iron
sheet counterwasher. Ext dimensions 58 x 46
mm. Hole 19 x l6 mm. Rivet span 5 mm.
Knife. Frags. 2 parallel incised lines along
upper blade edge. Fused with remnants of
leather sheath. 2 cast unadorned bronze
handle cuffs with a slot for the tang and a
hole for the tang-butt respectively. Droplet-
shaped handle cross-section. Blade 1 >54 mm.
Max blade w 20 mm. Cuff w 17& 18 mm.
Max tang w 1 1 mm. Blade back offeet 4 mm.
Edge offeet 4 mm.
Bronze slieet vessel. Frags, max I 67 mm.
Thickened and turned-out rim with two
diametrically placed triangular protrusions^
pierced for the handle. Simple incised line
ornament on outside of triangles.
Pot. Frags, incomplete, reconstructible. Stamp
and line ornamented. 1 stamp irregularly cov-
ering a belt on the vessel's upper shoulder,
delimited by double horizontal lines: tilted
3x3 grid square. Turned -out rim, neck, bulK
flat bottom. Medium-fmely tempered ware,
grey throughout- 4 mm thick at shoulder Rim
diam 85 mm. Min neck diam 750 mm 19
mm below rim. Belt 26-56 mm below rim.
Max diam 103 mm 62 mm below rim. Bot-
tom diam 72 mm. Height c. 1 15 mm.
Bronze spangle. Frag. Domed with a beaded
brim. Diam c. 13 mm.
Bronze ring. Frag. Diam c. 20 mm. Thick-
ness 3 mm.
Ornamental bronze rivet. Domed bronze
sheet head^ diam 8.5 mm. Warped stem,
extant I 15 mm.
Iron strip mount. Frags, Prob lock mount.
Iron strip pierced with a 10 x 5 mm hole
and 4 extant rivet holes. Remains of I iron
rivet. Extant I 62 mm. W 14-15 mm.
Iron joint rivet. Frags. 2 rectangular iron
strips joined with 3 rivets. L 52 mm. W 1 1
mm. Span ^ mm.
3 iron carpentry rivets. Frags. Span 11-13
mm.
Bone object. Frag. Profiled ring segment.
Diam c. 75 mm. Found by osteologist.
Bronze sheet frag. Warped. Punch orna-
mented with lines of dots.
Bronze sbeet frag. Fused with iron rod frag.
Bronze lump. 3 g. Melted.
Iron rod frag. Fused with bronze sheet, a
bead^ bone and charcoal. L 57 mm.
Fossil. Bead-like crinoid stalk frag with cen-
tral hole.
7 bear phalanges. 9 frags.
<=12 lynx phalanges. 12frags.
Neolitliic pottery. 1 frag. 8 mm thick wall
frag. Coarsely tempered, terracotta-grey
throughout.
Bhr 1961:39b (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
feature 32/61)
No burial indications. Excavated by Peter
Manneke.
Picdoc: Plan.
Burnt deposit 20 x 20 x c. 5 cm. Covered by
the Ss of Bhr 196l:39a.
Unhurnt ovicapnd bones. 7 frags. 1 adult
ovicaprid.
Burnt ovicapmd bones- Frags, 0.35 litres,
136g. ] adult ovicaprid. 1 juvenile ovicaprid.
(Report IV, Molnar 1999.)
Bhr 1961:39c (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
feature 33/61)
No burial indications. Excavated by Peter
Manneke.
Picdoc: Plan.
Burnt deposit 75 x 55 x 10 cm. Covered by
the Ss of Bhr 196l:39a.
176
Bhrl96l
3 unbutnt bone frags, Indec species. Split
long bones.
Burnt ovicaprid bones. Frags, 0.45 litres,
257g. 1 adult ovicap rid. 1 juvenile ovic:iprid.
[Report IV, Molniir 1999.)
Bhr 1961:40 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 2863/2001
grave 34/61)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: 5 photo plans, section, 9 photo-
graphs + 2 of finds.
Ss: Amorphous and diffuse sandstone and
igneous stone layer.
Is: Sandstone slab cist l60 x 60 x c. 30 cm,
355°, with sandstone floor flakes. Robbed
through pit atS end (Bhr 1961:16). Hid-
den by the roots of a pine-tree.
BD: Cremation 3 litres, 2294 g. 1 adult
male -sex human. 1 adult horse. 1 adult dog.
[Report IV, Molnar 1999.)
Comb. Cf VZG 406^08, perVII:l. Frags,
9 grip rib + 5 tooth plate. Triple edge line.
Single sets ofconcentric dot-circles along mid-
hne. Upper edge of tooth plates rounded. 1
bronze rivet, span 1 1 .5 mm.
Pot. 4 frags, incomplete. Stamp and line
ornamented. Horizontal hne 12 mm below
rim. 1 extant stamp in a slightly irregular
row below this line: 4x3 grid rectangle. Di-
agonal double line on shoulder^ below this a
horizontal row of 2 mm triangular marks
delimited by horizontal lines. Turned-out
rim^ neck. Finely tempered ware, terracotta-
grey throughout. 3-4 mm thick at shoulder.
Rim diam c. l40 mm.
Bronze sheet mount. Frag. Pierced with 3
closely set holes, diam 2.5 mm.
Bronze rivet. Frag. Orthogonal counter-
washer, w 6.5 mm. Span 8 mm.
Unbutnt ovicaprid bone. Astragalus.
3 unbiirnt grey seal bone frags. Prob
Neolithic. Found in robber pit.
Cr 15 htonze sheet frags. Max I 20 mm.
Bhr 1962:01 (SHM 27778:1/62.
ATA 2719/1965 grave 1/62)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans, section, 8 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist 230 x 50 x 55 cm,
194°, with mixed fill stones. Robbed
throughout.
BD: Inhumation, no bones preserved, head
proborigatS end judging from find positions.
Bronze wire ring. Open, slightlv oval. Max
ext diam 9 mm. Found in sieve.
2 heads. 1 bri yellow. 1 bri of indetermin-
able colour. Found in S half of cist.
Iron nail. Point frag with traces of wood.
Found in sieve.
Bhr I 962:02 (SHM 27778:2/6 2. ATA
27 I 9/ 1 965 grave 2/62.Trotzig I 964.
WKG l:S4)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotiig.
Picdoc: 8 photo plans, section, 31 photo-
graphs + 29 of post holes.
Ss: 4 post holes (post diam x depth: 35 x 55>
35 X 66. 35 X 54, 35 x 42 cm) in a 4 x 4 m
square with the W side centred on the W
end of the cist. Asingle post hole (post diam
X depth: 35 x 1 28 cm) outside the middle of
the E side of the square (ATA 2719/1965
post hole 3/62). Wooden post remains in
SW & NE post holes. Post hole square 274°.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 250 x 70 x 65 cm, 263°,
with a 60 cm layer of sandstone lid slabs, 1 of
which displayed tool marks, and sandstone
floor slabs. Wooden coffin of similar dimen-
sions indicated by in situ nails inside. W half
of cist interior not completely filled up with
gravel thanks to the intact lid slabs there.
Robbed throughout from pit at E end.
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed, distjrbed.
head prob orig at W end judging from find
positions.
Axe head. WKG 1:54:4. Butt-end frag with
remains of wooden haft. Found in sec pos
in W half of cist.
Strap joiner. WKG 1:54:1. 2 worn trapezoid
folded bronze sheet strap mounts orna-
mented with double edge hnes and joined
by a bronze ring. Leather strap remains in
spans. Plates 46 X 13-21 &42x 11-15 mm.
Ext ring diam 23 mm. Found in sec pos in
W half of cist.
Strap end mount. WKG I:54;2. Trapezoid
with slightly concave long sides. 2 wri^led
bronze sheet plates joined by 5 bronze riv-
ets. L 69 mm. W 9-15 mm. Found in sec
pos in SW corner.
Comb. 6 iron rivets fused with eroded 3-
ply antler/bone frags. Found in sec pos in
W half of cist.
Knife. WKG 1:54:5. Tang frag with rem^
nants of leather sheath and wooden handle
twined with bronze wire on the 1 2 mm clos-
est to the blade. Found in sec pos in W half
of cist.
Knife butt staple ring. WKG 1:54:6. Bronze
rod ring^ closed by ends twined around each
other, fused with an iron staple. Wood re-
mains on staple. Max ext ring diam 19 mm.
Found in sec pos in W half of cist.
>=15 coffin nails. Frags. With wood re-
mains. Max 1 150 mm. Found in situ in the
E half of cist where the robber hole was,
slightly disturbed in the W half, indicating
that the robbers raked the contents out from
the W half with some implement.
8 ornamental bronze rivets. WKG 1:54:3.
Domed bronze sheet heads with ornamental
bumps along edges, pierced with bronze rivet
stems. Head diam 10 mm. Span 3.5 mm.
Found in sec pos in Whalf of cist, 1 at knife.
Iron nail. Like a coffin nail. Found in un-
certain position in the deep single post hole
at the E end.
Textile frags. Found at knife. Not found in
stores.
Leather strap frags, W 4-5 mm. Found at
knife.
Coffin wood frags.
Post wood &ags. Large chunks from SW^
small frags from NE post hole.
Animal bones. Found in robber hole through
lid slab layer.
Animal hones. 2 foot bones from a large
animal. Found in the deep single post hole
at the E end.
Bhr 1962:03 (ATA 27I9/I96S
post hole 3/62)
Post hole in superstructure of Bhr 1962:02.
Bhr 1962:04 (SHM 27778:4/62.ATA
27I9/I96S grave 4/62. WKG 1:62)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans, section, 18 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist lined with sand-
stone slabs 240 X 45 X 55 cm. 284°. with
remnants of sandstone lid slab layer. Wooden
coffin of similar dimensions indicated by in
situ nails inside. Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed, disturbed,
head orig at W end judging from fmd posi-
tions.
Penannular brooch, Carlsson 1988 35:32;
typeFAC:S/Vore:an;perD. WKG 1:62:1.
Diam 39 mm. Found at W end of cist.
Bead, WKG 1:62:5. 1 frag from 1 bri green.
Found with knife frags.
45 ornamental strap mounts. Silver and
niello. 2 fish-shaped (WKG 1:62:4). 20
heart-shaped (WKG 1:62:2). 23 chevron-
shaped with 3 angular protrusions (WKG
1:62:3). Found in sec pos in W half of cist.
Knife. WKG 1:62:8. Frags with preserved
remnantsof leather sheath. Found in sec pos
in W half of cist.
177
Bhrl962
Silver kiiife butt mount. WKG 1:62:3. Staple
frag with transversal pin. Pierced curved ta-
pered punch ornamented stiver sheet strip on
staple between loop and pin. Silver pin?
through ends of sheet strip. Found with knife
frags.
Bronze sheet mount. WKG 1:62:6. Curved
tapered bronze sheet strip fastened to pre-
served wood frag (WKG 1:62:7) with a
bronze pin at each end. Very similar to knife
butt mounts, but without central staple.
Found at centre of cist.
Leather strap. Frag with knot. W 4 mm.
Found with knife butt mount.
22 coffin nails. With wood remains. Max 1
] 27 mm. Found in situ.
Bhr I962:0S (ATA 27I9/I96S
post hole S/62)
Post hole in superstructure of Bhr 1 962:06:2.
Bhr 1962:06:1 (SHM 27778:6/62:1.
ATA 271 9/1 96S grave 6/62:1.
Trotzig 1964 & I99la:2l 1-214)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 9 photo plans, 2 sections^ 24 pho-
tographs.
Ss: See Bhr 1962:06:2. Bhr 1962:06:1 was
apparently constructed when the wooden
superstructure of Bhr 1962:06:2 was still
standing but in need of reinforcement, thus
the two posts added on the long-sides.
Is: Mixed slab cist 270 x 70 x 65 cm, 279°,
with remnants of sandstone lid slab layer.
Wooden coffin of similar dimensions indi-
cated by nails inside. Dug parallel to and on
top ofN side of Bhr 1961:06:2. W half
robbed. S side cut by robber pit in Bhr
1962:06:2.
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed, head orig
at Wend.
Amher aniulet, WKG 11:172:9. Beard axe-
shaped. Pierced. Unknown position.
Brass sheet bowl. Trotzig 1991a #12.
Forshell 1992:65, table 5-8. Ornamented
interior. Diam 200-202 mm. Height 52-54
mm. Found at E end of cist.
Pot, C. 40 frags, partly reassembled, recon-
structible. Turned-out rim, tiny vague neck
&. shoulder, inward -sloping sides, turned-out
base, flat bottom. Horizontal line ornament.
Grey-brown surface^ black core, coarsely
tempered, 5 mm thick. Rim diam 125 mm.
Height 9 1 mm. Found in head region.
Insect remains. Pupae and larvae, prob of
flies, Ophym leucosloimt, Sw, flugor. Femur
& tibiae of ground beetle, Carabidae, Sw.
jordlopare (Trotiig 1991a:2l4, determined
by Berndt Odarp in 1986). Found in bot-
tom sediment of brass bowl.
>=17 coffin nails. With wood remains. Max
I l64 mm. Most found in situ, some in sec
pos.
Coffin WT>od frags. Preserved beneath brass
bowl. Conventional radiocarbon date 890+145
BP(St-5596.Troizigl991a:2l4). 1020-1270
calAD(OKCal3.3,Stuiveretal.l99S). Sample
position in tree unknown.
Bhr I 962:06:2 (SHM 27778:6/62:2.
ATA 2719/P 965 grave 6/62:2.
Trotzig 1964 & I 991 a:2l I -214)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 12 photo plans, 2 sections, 38 pho-
tographs + 25 of post holes.
Ss: 6 post holes (post diam x depth: 50 x 5S^
<30 X 8, 50 X 62, 60 X 70, <20 x 8, 50 x 53
cm) in a 4.4 x 3^2 m rectangle oriented 279°
and centred on the cist. The two shallow^
slightly irregularly placed post holes on the
long sides of the rectangle were most prob-
ably secondarily added at the construction of
Bhr 1 962; 06; 1 . A single post hole (post diam
X depth: 40 x 100 cm) outside the middle of
the E side of the rectangle (ATA 2719/1965
post hole 5/62). Wooden post remains in all
5 primarv post holes. The well-preserved and
articulated bones of a complete horse carcass
were found near the surface of the robber pit
with a covering layer of sandstone blocks.
Is: Igneous drystone block cist 280 x 65 x
80 cm, 283°, with its bottom l40 cm below
the gravel surface, limestone picture stone
used secondarily as end slab at E end. Partly
overlaid by Bhr 1962:06: 1 . Robbed through-
out from central pit.
BD: Inhumation, well-preserved bones, dis-
turbed, head atWend.
Broad axe liead. Upward and downward haft
flaps. Maplewood haft. Fused with textile
remnants (coarse twill) and oak wood on
surface (determined by engineer Eric Aberg
of Uppsala). L 195 mm. Edge w 15S mm.
Found at W end.
>=36beltlamellae,WKG 11:139:3.38 frags.
18-19 k4-5 mm. Found in 2 concentrations
at both sides of prob pelvic region.
Knife. Tang frag fused with wooden handle.
Fojnd in sec pos beside horse skeleton in
robber pit.
Pot.WKG 11:280:1. Reconstructed. Turned-
out rim» neck, rounded shoulder, inward-
sloping sides. Horizontal lines on shoulder.
Rim diam 140 mm. Height 110 mm. Found
near E end of cist.
Pictiu? stone. Nylen & Lamm 1987#80, 8th-
1 1 fh century AD. Limestone. Blank Used se-
condarily as end slab at E end. Currently erec-
ted at the old school hojseofGrdtlingbo, Raa
Gbo 117.
L-on nail. Frag. Found in sec pos in fill. Dis-
carded.
Post wood frags. La^e, well-preserved pieces
from NW. NE & SW post holes. Smaller
pieces from SE post hole. Abundant small
frags from deep single post hole.
Leather frag. Pierced. Found at dx side of
prob pelvic region.
2 iron frags. Flat. Unknown position.
Bhr 1962:07 (SHM 27778:7/62.ATA
27I9/I96S grave 7/62. WKG 1:63)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 5 photo plans^ section^ I6 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist 275 s 6O x 85 cm,
1 90°^ with sandstone end slabs at N end and
remnants of sandstone lid slab layer. Located
closely parallel E of Bhr 1962:08. N half
robbed.
BD; Inhumation, only cranial frags pre-
served^ head orig at S end.
2 penannular brooches. Carlsson 198B
35:33-34: both type FAQSA^ rom:a 11; per
D. WKG 1:63:1-2. Diam 46 & 32 mm.
Found in neck region.
Bead, WKG 1:63:4. 1 brl red. Found in ab-
dominal region.
28 ornamental sttapniounts- Silver and niello.
15 heart-shaped (WKG 1:63:6). 5 chevron-
shaped with 2 angular protrusions (WKG
1:63:9). 4 chevron-shaped (WKG L63:7). 3
heart-shaped topped by a trapezoid frame
(WKG L63:5). I chevron-shaped with 3 an-
gular protrusions (WKG 1:63:8). Found strewn
in sec pos from chest region to pelvic region.
Knife. WKG 1:63: 1 0. Frag. Fused with rem-
nants of leather sheath. Found in sieved de-
posits from centre of cist.
Pottery. C. 15 small frags. Terracotta sur-
face, black core^ coarsely tempered, 8 mm
thick. Found in sec pos in fill in N half of
cist.
Bronze sheet counter washer, WKG 1:63:3.
Rectangular, pierced with 2 rivets. Found in
sieved deposits from centre of cist.
Bhr 1962:08 (SHM 27778:8/62.ATA
27I9/I96S grave 8/62. WKG 1:71)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans^ section^ 13 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
178
Bhrl962
Is: Tgneous drystone cist 265 x c. 50 x 55
cm, 196°^ with sandstone end dabs and lid
slab layer. Located closely parallel W of Bhr
1962:07.
BD: Inhumation, child judging from dis-
tance between teeth and pot, only teeth pre-
served, head at S end.
Arm ting. WKG 1:71:7. Open, flat, cast or-
namentationr Found in pelvic region.
Arm ring. WKG 1:71:8. Open with over-
lapping ends. Tapered bronze rod. Found in
pelvic region.
Box-shaped btoocli.WKG 1:71:1. Base plate
without top reworked as a brooch in its own
right. Truncated, bent and riveted together,
thus decreasing the diameter. Pin also modi-
fied to fit the smaller diameter. Found in dx
chest region.
2 animal-head brooches. Carlsson 1983
35:24-25; type 6.2.N & 5.6.N: per C. WKG
1:71:2-3. 1 with soldered-on secondary pin
holder L 57 & 53. 5 mm. Found in neck
region and sin chest region.
2 dress pins. Rundqvist Nilsson 1 990 type
B2. Late Viking Period. WKG 1:71:4-5. L
87.5 & 95 mm. Found in head region point-
ing away from feet.
Amber amulet. WKG 1:71:9. Pierced. End
cut in two points. Unknown position.
21 beads. WKG 1:71:6. 4 fglob lead-cov-
ered. 3 bri lead-covered. 3 brl amber diam
20-23 mm. 3 amorph indet colour 1 pump-
kin tluc colourless. 1 brl red. 1 tiny brl indet
colour. I disc tluc pale green diam 1 9 mm.
1 brl dark blue with white wavy equator and
double polar circles. 1 brl tluc pale green. 1
pumpkin tluc dark blue. Found in upper
chest region.
Comb. WKG 1:71:14. 6 frags + 3 bronze
rivets. Found in upper central chest region.
Knife, WKG 1:71:12-13. Blade destroyed.
Fused with antler/bone handle and leather
sheath with cover mount. Ring mounts still
fastened to sheath and handle when found.
Ornamental bronze stitching on sheath.
Abundant textile frags^ fine twill. In situ 1
from butt to point of sheath mount c. 225
mm. Sheath badly fragmented in conserva-
tion process. Found in lower chest region.
Knife butt ting moimt. WKG 1:71:12. Or-
namented bronze staple ring. Pierced curved
tapered bronze sheet strip on staple between
staple loop and handle butt. Found in situ
fastened to knife handle.
Knife sheath cover mount. WKG 1:71:13.
Bronze sheet. Apparently unadorned. Fused
with knife.
Knife sheath ring mount. WKG 1:71:11.
Cast bronze loop with palmetto ornamented
fastening plates and bronze ring. Found in
situ on knife sheath.
Ironneedecase. WKG 1:71:15. Lc. 63 mm.
Diam c. 27 mm. Found fused with knife
sheath and a neat yarn braid frag.
Pot. WKG 1:430. C. 70 frags, reassembled.
Line ornamented. Wide & low belly, nar-
row mouth. Found near middle of cist.
Bronze ring. WKG 1:71:10. Made from
folded bronze sheet. Unknown position.
Wooden disc. 2 frags. Max frag 1 14 mm.
Found with beads.
Bhr I 962:09 (SHM 27778:9/62.
ATA 271 9/1 96S grave 9/62)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans^ section^ 4 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist 275 x 60 x 70 cm^
193°, with remnants of structural timbers
in E side, sandstone end slabs and lid slab
layer. S half robbed.
BD: Inhumation^ completely decayed, head
proboriginS part judging from find positions.
Beard axe head. Tripartite protrusion on
lower edge. Upward and downward haft
flaps. Haft frag in hole. Textile remains in
corrosion, twill. Large parts lost in conser-
vation process. Origl 134 mm. Origedge w
95 mm. Found at the middle of the E wall^
haft orig pointing S, edge downwards.
Amber amulet. WKG II; 1 72: 10. Beard axe-
shaped. Found at pot.
Bead. 1 brl red. Found at W wall in mid-S
half
Knife. Blade frag. Orig blade w c. 17 mm.
Unknown position.
Pot. Hulthen 1991 #30. fig. lb. WKG
11:281:2. Baltic Ware. Complete, reassembled.
Variant mark on underside. Turned-out rim.
neck, rounded shoulder, inward-sloping sides.
Single-line zigzag on shoulder delimited by
single horizontals. Rim diam 130 mm. Base
diam 105 mm. Height 125 mm. Found in
the mid-N half
Pottery, 1 base edge frag. Not from the com-
plete pot. Slightly turned-out base. Pale
brown surface, dark grey core, extremely
coarsely tempered (fine gravel), 9 mm thick.
Found in upper fill stratum in S half of cist.
Bhr 1962:10 (SHM 27778:10/62.
ATA 27I9/I96S grave 10/62)
Excavated bv Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, section. ^ photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist 250 x 40 x 45 cm,
192°. Located closely parallel W of Bhr
1962:11.
BD: Inhumation, extended on back, badly
decayed, head at S end.
2 penannular brooches. Carlsson 1988
35:35-36; type FAQS run I & KOM:RUL:
SM+FAC:S run I; early per D & per D. Diam
33 & 32 mm. The asymmetric brooch prob
orig identical to the other one but repaired
after one end knob had broken off! Found in
chest and neck regions.
Pot. Reduced to an almost completely granu-
lated state. Grey-brown surface, black core,
coarsely tempered, 6 mm thick. Found at
ds lower leg.
Bhr 1962:1 I (SHM 27778:1 1/62.
ATA 2719/1965 grave 11/62.
Trotzig 1985)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, section, 13 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist 300 x 60 x 70 cm,
189°, with sandstone end slab at S end, and
possible coffin indicated by wood frags. Lo-
cated closely parallel E of Bhr 1962:10.
BD: Inhumation, extended on back, badly
decayed, head 193°.
Beard axe head. WKG 11:255: 13a. Upward
and downward haft flaps. Textile remains in
corrosion, 2 different twill quahties. L 105
mm. Edge w 90 mm. Found in dx shoulder
region with edge turned dx, haft orig point-
ing footwards.
Axe haft butt mount. WKG II:255:13b.
Trotzig 1985. 3 ornately cut bronze sheet
plates nailed onto haftbutt forming a chape.
Maplewood haft frags inside, hewn radially
from tree trunk. Orig haft cross-section 35
X 24 mm. Found at dx knee, indicating an
orig haft 1 of 80.5 cm from lower haft flaps
of axe head to base of mount.
Penannular brooch, Carlsson 1988 35:37i
typeFAC:S run 1; early per D. Diam 62 mm.
Found in neck region ,
3 beads. 2 brl of indeterminable colour. 1
brl red. Found in sin waist region above belt.
Strapbiickle. WKG 11:128:5. Double cross-
bars for tongue and fastening plate. Iron
tongue. Folded trapezoid bronze sheet fas-
tening plate with double edge lines. From
belt. Found in situ at waist.
Strap joiner. WKG 11:136:7. 2 folded trap-
ezoid bronze sheet fastening plates joined by a
bronze ring. From belt. Found in situ at waist.
179
Bhrl962
>=107 belt lamellae. With abundant leather
belt remains and textile frags. 18x6 mm.
Found in situ at waist.
Strap end mount. WKG II: 131:8. Tweezers-
shaped with flat ring terminal. Found in sin
pelvic region r
Knife, Fused with wooden handle and
leather sheath, stitched with bronze strip and
covered by a cover mount. Handle frag-
mented in conservation process. In situ 1
from handle butt to point of sheath mount
c. 240 mm. Found in situ at dx side of belt.
Knife sbeatb cover mount. Wriggle orna-
mented bronze sheet. Fused with knife.
Knife sheath ting mount. Cast bronze loop
with palmetto fastening plates holding a
bronze ring with remains of a leather strap.
Worn contact surface on ring. Ext ring diam
17 mm. Found in situ on knife sheath.
Wooden container. Frags preserved on 10
iron rivets. Rhomboid counter-washers.
Rivet span 4-7 mm. Found in a dense clus-
ter N of pot.
Pot. Badly fragmented. Horizontally flat-
tened rim, excess clay bulging outwards.
Shoulder. Terracotta-coloured surface, dark
grey core, coarsely tempered, 5-7 mm thick.
Found in foot region.
Coffinwoodfrags. Oak [TroGig 1935). Pre-
served on axe haft butt mount. Found wdth
grain direction parallel to long sides of cist.
Bhr 1962:12 (SHM 27778:12/62.
ATA 2719/1965 grave 12/62)
Excavated by CustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, section, 6 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 255 x 55 x 60 cm,
189°, with sandstone floor flakes. Wooden
coffin of similar dimensions indicated by in
situ nails inside. Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation, no bones found, head orig
prob at S end judging from find positions.
Bead. 1 disc amber, diam l6 mm. Found
slightly S of cist centre.
>=11 coffin nails. Frags. With wood re-
mains. Max 1 121 mm. Found in situ or only
slightly disturbed.
Coffin wood frags. Preserved in a single 20 x
20 cm patch at the N end of the cist, probably
by a brass vessel removed by the robbers. Kept
with a large amount of soil and a mollusc shell.
Mollusc sliell. Flatly spiralled, white, extant
diam 6mm^ same species as in Bhr 1963:0!
and Bhr 1947:01a.
Bhr I 962: 1 3: 1 (SHM 27778: 1 3/62: 1 .
ATA 2719/1965 grave 13/62:1.
Trotzig I99la:2l4-2I8.WKGI:84)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 5 photo plans, section, 23 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drysione cist 275 x c. 55 x40 cm.
cist 209°, with remnants of sandstone lid
slabs. NW long-side open towards Bhr
1962:13:2. Wooden coffin of similar dimen-
sions indicated by in situ nails inside. Joined
with Bhr 1962:13:2, no stratigraphic evi-
dence as to order of construction.
BD: Inhumation, little more than teeth pre-
served, head at SW end.
Aim ting. WKG 1:34:11. Closed. Twisted
3-part tapered bronze wire. Punch orna-
mented joint. Max int diam 64 mm. Found
in lower dx chest region.
Disc-on -bow brooch. WKG 1:84:1 top view.
WKG 11:52:3 side view. Found in neck re-
gion pointing dx.
2 animal-head brooches. Carlsson 1983
35:26-27: type 6.4.N & 6.4.G; per D. WKG
1:34:2-3. L 6l & 60 mm. Textile frags found
inside 1 brooch. 1 found in low^r dx chest
region, 1 in upper dx head region.
2 dress pins. Rundqvist Nilsson 1990 type
A4b, Late Viking Period. WKG 1:34:4-5. L
94 & 89 mm. Found on both sides in shoul-
der region, dx pointing footwards, sin point-
ing head wards.
4crystalpendants. WKG 1:84:7-10. Silver-
fitted. 1 clear oval domed, max diam 1 6 mm.
1 purple-stained rhomboid domed, max
diam 20 mm. I clear round, diam 15.5 mm.
1 clear round domed with granulation on
fitting, diam 37 mm. Found in neck region.
Tongue pendant. WKG 1:84:17. Silver-
plated with niello and gilded ornaments.
Found in upper chest region.
Sieve pendant. WKG 1:84: 1 6. Silver-plated
with niello and gilded sieve. 3 holes. Found
in upper chest region.
Spoon pendant. WKG 1:84:15. Silver-plated
with niello and gilded ornaments. Found in
neck region.
Silver coin pendant. WKG 1:84:6. Broken
silver sheet loop. England. Ethelred II AD
978-1016. Long Cross type c. AD 997-
1003. York, monever Steorger. Hildebrand
1881 #869. Determined by Kenneth Jons-
son. Found in neck region.
Amber amdet. WKG 1:34:13. Roughly cut
from a large bead. End cut in two points. Orig
bead diam o 40 mm. Max extant 1 32 mm.
Unknown position.
Silver sheet bead. WKG 1:84: 1 2. Bicon very
worn silver sheet &L filigree, diam 25 mm.
Found in upper chest region.
Silver sheet bead. Frag. Worn silver sheet.
Orig diam c. 8 mm. Found in neck region.
5-10 gold foliate beads. Eroded almost to
dust. Found in neck region.
36 beads. WKG 1:84: 12. 2 %lob amber diam
36 & 34 mm. 2 bri red. 1 bri orange. 1 brl
green. 2 brl white. 1 brl due blue. 1 brl tluc
turquoise. 1 brl green with white intersecting
belts. 1 brl black with herring-bone yellow
streaks. 1 brl due blue with eroded yellow-blue
pupil red iris eyes. 1 brlred with vellow& green
mosaic. 1 brl tluc blue with pale grey polar
caps, white streaks and yellow pupil white iris
eyes. 1 brl tluc blue with wavy red and white
equator. 1 brl tluc blue with white streaks and
eroded white pupil, red-white iris eyes. 1 ^lob
tluc green with red dots surrounded by white
loops. 1 cy I red -ve I low-green mosaic 1 cyl yel-
low-red-green-white mosaic. 1 cyl yellow-
green -blue -white mosaic- 1 cyl blue-white-
yellow-green mosaic. 1 green-yellow-red -grey
mosaic. 1 bicon gold foliate. 1 polyhedral cor-
nelian. 1 glob crystal diam 1 3.3 mm. 1 bicon
crystal diam 22 mm. 1 spool-shaped polyhed-
ral crystal. 1 spool-shaped polyhedral purple-
stained crystal. 1 pumpkin green. 1 brl hori-
zontal striped tluc blue - yellow - white - red
mirrored in a tluc blue equator. 2 brl of inde-
terminable colour. 1 brl of indeterminable
colour with eroded inlaid sectors and eroded
spiral eyes. 2 l^lob of indeterminable colour.
Found in neck and upper chest regions.
Spindlewborl. WKG 1:84:14 top view. WKG
11:213:19 side view. Limestone. Found NE
of copper pot.
Copper sheet pot. Trocig 1991a#13.Forshell
1992:65, fable 5-8. WKG I:486a. Compos-
ite. Mounting holes and rust traces along half
of the edge indicate a lost iron handle. Col-
lapsed. Orig diam c. l40 mm. Orig height c.
70 mm. Found NE of foot region.
Wooden spatula. WKG I:486b. Line draw-
ing in report. Extremely well preserved. Pine
wood. L 86 mm. Found in copper pot.
Wooden container. WKG I:486a. Frags.
Cylindrical, with a wall of thin wood-shav-
ing fastened to a disc-shaped bottom. Found
in copper pot.
Food remains. Hulled barley with small
amounts of peas [determined by Hakon
Hjelmqvist c. 1966 and identified by Ann-
Marie Hansson in the 1990s through scan-
ning electron microscopy^ cf Isaksson 1996
fig. 3). Found in copper pot.
180
Bhrl962
Textile frags. Tuff? of spiralled thread?.
Found in copper pot.
Leather strap frag. W 3 mm. Found in cop-
per pot.
Pot. WKG I:486c. Reconstructed. Swastika
stamped on bottom, not identical to the
group X stamp of Hulthen 1991. Simple
scamp ornamentation along rim. Height 76
mm. Shoulder diam 102 mm. Found over
chest region separated from jewellery by fill,
possibly orig placed on top of coffin.
>=19 coffin nails, Frags. Max 1 126 mm.
Most found in situ, some disturbed, impos-
sible in some cases to determine which cof-
fin they orig belonged to.
Coffin wood frags. Found with copper pot.
Bhr 1962:13:2 (SHM 27778:13/62:2.
ATA 27 1 9/1 96S grave I 3/62:2.
Trotzig I99la:2l6 & 218-220)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 5 photo plans, section, 12 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is; Mixed drystone cist 270 x c. 50 x 40 cm,
21 ] °, with remnants of sandstone lid slabs.
SE long-side open towards Bhr 1962:13:1.
Wooden coffin of similar dimensions indi-
cated by in sitj nails inside. Joined with Bhr
1962:13:1, no stratigraphic evidence as to
order of construction. Robbed throughout
from pit at SW end.
BD; Inhumation, no bones found, head orig
at SWend judging from find positions.
Bead- Trotzig ]991a:220. plate l4e. 1
glob crystal. Found at SW end.
SpindlewdiorL Troizig 1991a;220, plate
l4g.WKG 11:213:21. Limestone. Found
at the middle oftheNWwall.
Brass sheet bowl, Trotzig 1991a #l4.
Forshell 1992:65. table 5-8. Frags, in-
complete. Ornamented interior. Found
at NW wall in NE half of cist.
2 hazel nuts. Troizig 1 99 1 a;220, plate
I4d. Found with brass bowl frags.
Bird bones. Trotzig 1991a:220, plate
I4d. Goldeneye, Bttcephala clayigula, Sw.
knipa (Trotzig 1991a:220, determined
by Johannes Lepiksaar in 1965). Found
with brass bowl frags.
Wooden vessel, Trotzig 199Ia:220, plate
l4f. Frag preserved on bronze sheet repair
mount. Round wriggled bronze sheet plate
folded over the vessel rim and riveted
through with 5 rivets to seal 1-2 cracks.
Vertical wall. Diain 85-90 mm. Wall thick-
ness c. 6.5 mm. Found in NE half of cist.
Bronze sheet mount. Frag with pre-
served wood. 2 rivets, 3 mm square
counter washers. Span 1 mm. From the
wooden vessel or a similar one? Found
with brass sheet bowl frags.
>=20 cofRn nails. Fairly well-preserved,
with wood remains. Max 1 132 mm.
Found in situ.
Iron rod frag. Curved. Rectangular cross-
section. L 36 mm. W 8 mm. Thickness
2.5 mm. Found with brass bowl frags.
2 wood frags. Found with brass bowl
frags. Not found in stores.
Uncertain provenance;
2 iron chain frags. From 4 links. 8-
shaped, orig I c. 40 mm. Found in fill
between Bhr 1962:13:1 & 2.
Bhr 1962:14:1 (SHM 27778:14/62:1.
ATA 2719/1965 grave 14/62:1.
WKG l:8S)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotiig.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, section, 13 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 240 x 70 x 50 cm.
230°. with remnants of sandstone hd flake
layer and sandstone floor flake layer. SE long-
side open towards Bhr 1962:14:2. The ex-
tant floor flakes did not cross the mid-line
of the trench, which indicates that the trench
was dug one half at a time. Wooden coffin
of similar dimensions indicated by in situ
nails inside. Joined with Bhr 1962:14:2, no
stratigraphic evidence as to order of construc-
tion. Robbed throughout from central pit.
BD: Inhumation, no bones found, head orig
at SW end judging from And positions.
Bronze mace head, Graham -Camp bell 1980
#277. Sandstedt 1992 typeE. WKG 1:85:2.
Cast bronze with remnants of maplewood
haft. Heavy, possibly filled with lead. 71 x
44 mm. Found at NW wall in NE half of
cist in prob sin lower leg region, with haft
orig pointing headward.
Penanniilar brooch. Carlsson 198S 35:3S;
type FAC/S rom:a I; late per D. WKG
1:85:1. Diam 31 mm. Found in SW half of
cist.
Amber amulet. WKG 1:85:4. Beard axe-
shaped. Coarsely cut from a bead. Found in
NE part of cist.
Bead. WKG 1:85:3. 1 bri red. Found at SW
end.
>=20 cofBn nails. Max 1 122 mm. Found in
situ.
Bhr 1962:14:2 (SHM 27778:14/62:2.
ATA 2719/1965 grave 14/62:2.
Trotzig l99la:22l-222)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, section, 9 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 250 x 50 x 50 cm, 228°,
set with a hne of igneous stones outside SE
long-side^ prob sandstone lid slabs and rem-
nants of sandstone floor flake layer NW long-
side open towards Bhr 1962:14:1. The ex-
tant floor flakes did not cross the mid -line of
the trench, which indicates that the trench
was dug one half at a time. Wooden coffin of
similar dimensions indicated by in situ nails
inside. Joined with Bhr 1962:14:1, no strati-
graphic evidence as to order of construction.
Robbed throughout from central pit.
BD: Inhumation^ no bones found, orig ori-
entation unknown.
Beard axe bead. Trotzig 1991a:222. plate
I5e. Neck broken off Orig I from hole to
upper blade corner c. 90 mm. Found in sec
pos near SW end of cist.
Penannular brooch, Carlsson 1988 35:39;
type FAC/S run I; early per D. Trotzig
1 991 a:220, plate I4d, Diam 59 mm. Found
upside down in sec pos at NW coffin limit
in NE half of cist.
Brass sheet bowl, Trotzig 1991a #15.
Forshell 1992:65, table 5-8. Frag. Orna-
mented interior. Found in sec pos inNE half
of cist.
>=22 coffin nails. Max I 134 mm. Found in
situ.
Bhr 1962:15 (SHM 27778:15/62.
ATA 27 1 9/ 1 965 grave I 5/62)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, section, 4 photo-
graphs.
Ss: Irregular two-layer homogenous igneous
stone setting, stone diam c. 30 cm. 20 cm of
soil between stone setting and undisturbed
gravel. Extant dimensions c. 5.3 x 5 m. SE
edge cut away by gravel pit.
BD: Cremation, very few frags. Found in a
50 cm diam concentration on top of stone
layer in SW part.
Modern glass &ags. Discarded. Found among
and beneath stones.
Modern porcelain frags. Discarded. Found
among and beneath stones.
Unhurnt bone frags. Very few. Fojnd with
b jrnt bone frags.
Bhrl963
Bhr 1963:01 (SHM 27779:1/63.
ATA 2790/1 96S grave 1/63.
Trotzig I99la:236-238.WKG l:S8)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picfloc: 4 photo plans, section, 1 I photo-
graph?.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivationr
Is: Mixed drystone (E wall) and slab (Wwall)
cist 300 X 55 X 70 cm, 194°, with mixed fill
stones. S half robbed.
BD: Inhumation^ prob extended on back,
badly decay ed^ distjrbed above pelvis, head
orig at S end.
Bronze mace head, Sandstedt 1992 type A.
WKG 1:58:3. 4 pyramidal protrusions.
Heavy, filled with white metal corrosion,
lead? Remnants of ashwood handle held in
place with 2 crossed ashwood wedges. Found
at E wall neardx foot with handle orig point-
ing toward dx pelvic region. 61 x 52 mm.
Bronze sheet strap mount. WKG 1:58:1.
Frag. Trapezoid v/ith rivets in corners at wide
end. Prob fastening plate for buckle or strap
joiner. Found in sec pos in fill.
Bronze sheet bowl. Trotzig 1991a #21.
Forshell 1992:65. table 5-8. WKG 1:471.
Made from prefabricated bronze sheet. 2
repair mounts on edge, 1 on outside. Diam
177-202 cm. Height 50-60 mm. Found in
sin foot region.
Wooden spatula. WKG 1:58:2. Blade frag.
Found in bronze bowl.
Insect remains. Pupa skin frag: flies?, Mus-
cidae?, Sw. fam egentliga flugor? (determined
by Berndt Odarp in 1986). Found in bronze
sheet bowl.
Mollusc shell. White, flatly spiralled, diam
c. 6 mm. Same species as in Bhr 1962:12
and Bhr 1947:01a. Found in superficial fill
of bronze bowl.
Bronze sheet frag. 5x5 mm. Found in sec
pos in fill. Not found in stores.
Bhr 1963:02 (SHM 27779:2/63.
ATA 2790/1965 grave 2/63)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
PJcdoc: 3 photo plans, 10 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist c. 245 x 50 x c. 40
cm, 265°, with remnants of sandstone lid
slabs. W half robbed. S side cut away by
gravel pit.
BD: Inhumation^ extended on back, badly
decayed^ disturbed above pelvis^ head orig
at Wend.
3 heads. 1 ring finely streaked maroon and
red, 1 brl of indeterminable CO lo jr. 1 amorph
of indeterminable colour. Found in sec pos
in headward half of cist.
Comb, Almost complete. Reconstructible.
Unadorned. 5 tooth plates. 7 bronze rivets
+ 1 iron rivet. Found beneath pot.
SpindlewhorhWKG 11:213:23. Limestone.
Hemisphericah Found beneath pot.
Wooden vessel. Frags preserved on bronze
joint rivet, orig sealing crack. 2 bronze sheet
rectangles joined by 2 rivets. Wall thickness
8 mm. Found in sec pos in headward half of
cist.
Pot. WKG 11:280:2. Baltic Ware. Turned-
out rim, neck, shoulder, inward-sloping
sides, flat bottonir Horizontal and wavy lines
on and below shoulder. Rim diam l45 mm.
Height l40 mm. Found at S wall between
feet and cist end.
Bronze sheet mount, 4 frags. Lines of small
ornamental bumps on 2 frags. Knife sheath
cover mount? Found between feet and pot.
Bhr 1963:03 (SHM 27779:3/6 3. ATA
2790/E965 grave 3/63.WKG 1:61)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans^ section, ^ photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation. Sec-
ondary central mixed stone cover over the
robber pit.
Is: Mixed drystone cist >220 x 6O x BO cm,
171°, with a sandstone end slab at N end.
Centre robbed. S end cut away by gravel pit.
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed, disturbed,
head orig at S end.
2heids. WKG 1:61:4-5. 1 brl white found
at dx femur. 1 brl red found in sec pos in
fill.
Strip buckle. WKG 1:61:1. Frontal protru-
sion and beaded ornamentation on frame.
Separate cross-bars for tongue and fastening
plate. Iron tongue. Trapezoid folded bronze
sheet fastening plate. V-shaped ornamental
strip riveted onto plate. Strap remains be-
tween mounting plates. L tot 74 mm. Strap
w 16 mm. Found in pelvic region.
Strap joiner, WKG I:6l;2. 2 trapezoid
folded bronze sheet fastening plates joined
by an oval bronze ring. V-shaped ornamental
strips riveted onto plates. Rhomboid ring
cross-section. Very few traces of wear on
plates. Strap remains between mounting
plates. Plate 1 35 mm. Wax ext ring diam 28
mm. Found in pelvic region.
Strip end mount, WKG I:6l;3. Tweezers-
shaped with transversal cast ring termina-
tion. Edge line ornament. Strap remains
between mounting plates. L 76 mm. Found
in pelvic region.
Pot, C. 20 frags, incomplete, reconstruct-
ible. Turned-out rim, neck, shoulder, S-
shaped profile, flat bottom. Horizontal
grooves on shoulder. Terracotta surface, black
core, coarsely tempered, 7 mm thick. Rim
diam 135 mm. Height c. 1 10 mm. Found
in sin pelvic region.
Bhr 1963:04 (SHM 27779:4/63.
ATA 2790/1 965 grave 4/63.
Trotzig I99la:239-242.WKG 1:67)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans, section, 22 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist >300 x 55 x 85 cm,
186°, with traces of possible wooden coffin
preserved on metal objects. Pelvic region
possibly slightly disturbed, judging from
missing knife blade. Extreme S end cutaway
by gravel pit.
BD: Inhumation, extended on back with
head turned sin, badly decayed, head at S
end.
Beajd axe head. WKG 1:67:5. Tripartite pro-
trusion on lower edge. Upward and down-
ward haft flaps. L 1 05 mm. Edge w 83 mm.
Found in abdominal region, edge sin, haft
orig head wards.
Penannular brooch. Carlsson 1988 35:40;
type FAC:S/Vore:a 11; per D. WKG 1:67:1.
Diam 60 mm. Found below chin on dx side.
Knife butt ring mount- WKG 1:67:3.
Ribbed staple ring with pin through end of
staple. Organic remnants on staple. Haifa
pierced wri^led curved tapered brotize sheet
mount orig from staple. Ext ring diam 15.7
mm. Found in sin pelvic region.
Shears. WKG 1:67:7. 1 blade missing, the
other badly corroded. Fused with organic
material (leather?) on upper side and wood
(coffin board?) on lower side. Extant 1 153
mm. Found at N end of cist pointing N.
Copper sheet pot. Trotzig 1991a #22. Forshell
1992:65, table 5-3. WKG r:476a. Cylindri-
cal. Composite with opposed mounts for
badly decayed flat curved iron handle. Diam
123-146 mm. Height c. 80 mm. Found in N
end of cist near foot region.
Wooden container. ^TCG I:476b. 4 frags,
complete and well-preserved. Cylindrical,
with a wall of thick bark fastened to a disc-
shaped wooden bottom. Incised symbol on
outside of wall: "-D". Base plate diam 58-
60 mm. Wall height c. 30 mm. Found in
copper pot.
Wooden spatula. WKG 1:67:6. Spade-
shaped blade with spool-shaped handle de-
182
Bhrl963
limited by cuff?. L 1 13 mm. BUde w 18 mm.
Found in copper pot.
3 wood frags. Worked. Found in copper pot.
Wood frags. Wood layer preserved beneath
copper pot. Coffin board? Conventional ra-
diocaitondatel065±l55BP[St-5600,Troizig
]99]a:242j, 770-ll60 cal AD [OxCal 3.3,
Stuiver ec al. 1998). Sample position in tree
unknown.
2 eggs. Shell frags. Domestic hen, Callus
gaiius^omeilicus (Trotzig 1991a:242, deter-
mined hy Johannes Lepiksaar in 1965).
Found in copper pot.
Organic lump. Containing siarch (Trotzig
1991a:242), possibly bread. Found in cop-
per pot beside breach in wall of wooden con-
tainer.
Hazel nut. Found in copper pot.
Bronze wire ring. WKG 1:67:4. Open. Max
diam 1 1.5 mm. Unknown position.
Bhr I963:0S(SHM 27779:5/63.ATA
2790/1965 grave S/63.WKG 1:69)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 5 photo plans, section, 1 1 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist 260 x 55 x 70 cm,
192Â °. S half robbed.
BD; Inhumation, extended on back, mostly
decayed^ destroyed chest region^ head at S
end.
Silver coin pendant. WKG 1:69:2. England,
Ethelred II AD 978-1016, Long Cross type
c. AD 997-1003. London, moneyerSwetinc.
Hiidebrand 1881 #2924/5. Determined by
Kenneth Jonsson. Found in pelvic region
with knife sheath mount.
Bead. WKG 1:69;L1 fgiob blue. Unknown
position.
Comb. WKG 1:69:4. Composite frag. No
preserved ornamentation. Found at wail in
dx chest region.
Composite key. WKG 1:69:5. L-shaped. 3
prongs. Droplet-shaped cast bronze handle.
Corroded iron bit fused with organic mate-
rial and bronze sheet loop. Found in lower
sin pelvic region.
Knife. WKG 1:69:3. 2 frags, incomplete.
Fused with leather sheath with cover mount.
Found in sin pelvic region.
Knife sheath cover mount. WKG 1:69:3.
Bronze sheet. Apparently unadorned. Fused
with knife.
Pot. WKG 1:478. Turned-out rim, neck,
shoulder, inward -sloping sides. Engraved
interlocking double zigzag hnes on shoul-
der, delimited with double horizontals. Rim
diam 1 15 mm. Base diam 75 mm. Height
100 mm. Found at N end of cist.
Bronze sheet loop. U-shaped. Fused with
key.
Bronze frag. Curved with curved cross-sec-
tion. Found with knife frags in sin pelvic
region.
Iron ring frag. Ext diam c. 15 mm. Un-
known position.
2 iron rod frags. WKG 1:69:6-8. Fused with
textile remains. Found with knife frags in
sin pelvic region.
Bhr 1963:06 (SHM 27779:6/63 & GF
Dep I440.ATA 2790/I96S grave 6/
63.WKG 1:77)
Excavated by G us taf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans^ section^ 9 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist 260 x 70 x 60 cm^
88°^ with part of a limestone picture stone
used secondarily as end slab at W end. Cen-
tre robbedr
BD: Inhumation, extended on back, badly
decayed^ destroyed from neck to knees, head
at E end.
Btoad axe head. WKG 1:77:6. Upward and
dov/nward haft Haps. Orig 1 c. 230 mm. Edge
w 163 mm. Found at wall sin of chest re-
gion with haft orig pointing footwards.
Penannular hrooch. Carlsson 198S 35:41;
type RUL:SM run I; early per D. WKG
1:77:1. Diam 30 mm. Found in chest region.
2 beads. WKG I:77:3-i. 1 brl tluc green. 1
bri redr Found in sin chest region.
Bronze sheet strap mount. WKG 1:77:2.
Frag. Trapezoid folded mounting plate for a
buckle or joiner. Back side tapered to a nar-
row central strip. Separate counterwashers
on corner rivets. Strap remains between
plates. Orig I c. 38 mm. Base w 19 mm.
Found in pelvic region.
Knife. WKG 1:77:5. Point and tang end
missing. Off-set tang. Found at wall dx of
abdominal region.
Picture stone. Nylen &L Lamm 1987 #81.
fig. p. 103. Goransson 1999:236-237, fig.
11 & 117. GFDep 1440. Frag Limestone.
Main motif a woman driving a wagon
shaped hke the picture stone itself^ pulled
by a horse and pushed by an unarmed man.
Part of above-ground decorated cist monu-
ment. Used secondarily as end slab at Wend.
Iron nii!. WKG 1:77:7. Frag. Coffin-style.
Found in W half of cist.
Bhr l96S:0la (SHM 28043:1/65 A.
ATA 24S4/I966 grave I/6SA)
Excavated by G us taf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans^ section photograph,
10 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist > 1 6O x 6O x c. 55 cm,
187°, with remnants of sandstone lid slabs.
Coffin of similar dimensions indicated by
preserved wood inside. W long-side open
tov/ards Bhr 1965:01b. joined with and
stratigraphically post-dating Bhr 1965:01b.
At least N half robbed. S half cut away by
gravel pit in 1965.
BD: Inhumation, no bones found, head orig
prob at S end judging from position of wood
patch.
Bronze chain link. S -shaped, twisted. Worn
contact surfaces. W9 mm. Found on patch
of preserved wood.
Coffin wood fragSr Preserved in a single 40
X 30 cm patch at the N end of the cist, prob-
ably indicating a brass vessel removed by the
robbers.
Bhr 1965:01b (SHM 28043:1/65 8.
ATA 2454/1 966 grave 1/65 B.
Trotzig l99la:242-245)
Excavated by G us taf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 3 photo plans, section photograph,
24 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist >200 x 70 x c. 55
cm, 187°, with sandstone lid flake layer. E
long-side open towards Bhr 1965:01a.
Joined with and stratigraphically pre-dating
Bhr l%5;01a. S half cut away by gravel pit
in 1965.
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed, head orig
at S end. Bones kept with artefacts in Sep-
tember 1995.
Aniber amulet, Trotzig ]991a:244, plate
23g. WKG 11:172:3. Trapezoid. Cut from a
disc-shaped bead. Found in fill from N half
of cist.
Spindlewhorh Trotzig 1 991 a:244, plate 23f
Eroded surface. Igneous rock. Domed.
Found at brass bowl.
Brass sheet bowl, Trotzig 1991a #23.
Forshell 1992:65, table 5-8. Unadorned.
Diam 307-310 mm. Height 64-86 mm.
Found at N end.
Wooden object. Trotzig 1991a:245, plate
23d: 1. Frags. Incised zigzag line ornament.
Found in brass bowl.
Insect remains. Found in brass bowl. Not
found in stores.
2 wooden implements. Trotzig 1991a:245,
183
Bhrl965
plate 23d:3. Eroded capered straight handle?
preserved. Spatulae? L 90-110 mm. Found
in brass bowl.
Wooden vessel. Trotzig 1991a:245, plate
23cl:6. \VKG 11:276:4. Birchwood frag pre-
served on silver sheet repair mount folded
over rim and riveted through with 5 silver
rivets. Found beneath brass bowl.
Wooden container, Trotzig 1991a:245, plate
23d:2. Frags. Cylindrical^ with a wall of thin
wood-shaving fastened to a disc-shaped bot-
tom. Found beneath brass bowl.
Wooden stave vessel. Trotzig 1991a:245,
plate 23d:5. Frags. 1 of the staves elongated
to form a handle. Found beneath brass bowl.
Wooden box. Frag. Carved rectangular single-
piece bos with lid. Found beneath brass bowl.
Wooden implement. Profited butt frag. Found
beneath brass bowl.
Striated wooden implement. Trotzig
1991 a:245, plate 23d:4. 3 frags (4 in Septem-
ber 1995), fit together^ incomplete. Oblong,
flat, rectangular section, central hole with a
wooden peg. Slightly tapered. Incised diago-
nal lines. Spatulahandle? Found beneath brass
bowl.
Decorated ^voo den implement. Tapered flat
frag. Central longitudinal cut from point
ending in incised m or R rune. Found be-
neath brass bowl.
11 ironrivets.Trotzigl991a:245. plate 23d:8.
Fused with wooden strip frags. Rhomboid
counter washers. Span 8-9 mm. Found be-
neath brass bowl.
Pine hark object, Trotiig 1991a:245, plate
23d:7. Frag with round cut edge. Found
beneath brass bowl.
Mixed wood frags. Unidentifiable. 1 with
insect remains. Found beneath brass bowl.
Insect remains. Wing sheaths of chafer,
Ceto>i!ii floricola^ Sw. guldbagge {Trotzig
199 la: 245). Found with wood frags.
Wootlenvessel.Troizigl991a:244, plate 23e.
Frag preser^'ed on bronze sheet repair mount.
Rectangular plate folded over vessel rim and
riveted through with 3 rivets. Wall thickness
c. 2 mm. Found in lower leg region.
Pottery, 1 frag. Finely tempered brownish
shard with no preserved outer surface. Found
in lower leg region. Max I 28 mm.
Bronze sheet frag. With organic remains.
Found in lower leg region.
Iron implement. 2 joined frags, incomplete.
Bar^haped. Extant I 48 mm. Found in col-
lapsed fill from S half of grave.
2 iron frags. 1 fused with textile remains.
Found in collapsed fill from S half of grave.
Coffin wood frags. Found on top of brass
bowl.
Bhr I 965:02 (SHM 28043:2/6S.
ATA 2454/1966 grave 2/65)
Excavated by G us taf Trotzig.
Picdoc; 2 plans, section photograph, 7 pho-
tographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench >120x 60x c. 70 cm
with mixed edge stones, 174°. Most of the
trench cut away by gravel pit in 1965, leav-
ing only the N end.
BD: Inhumation, no in situ bones founds
head prob orig at S end judging from find
positions.
Ambet amulet. WKG 11:172:6. Beard axe-
shaped. Pierced. Found in N half of cist.
Knife. Frag^ decomposing in September
1995, tang point and most of blade miss-
ing. Marked blade back offset. Remains of
wooden handle. Found in collapsed depos-
its.
Pot. Frags, Coarsely tempered, black core^
brown surface, 9 mm thick. Vertical rim^
vague neck, rounded shoulder, inward-
slanted sides, vertical bottom edge, flat bot-
tom. Rim diam 125 mm. Base diam 1 15
mm. Height 1 10-120 mm. Found in situ S
of pendant and in collapsed deposits.
Bhr 1965:03 (ATA 5003/1965)
Exposed by Gustaf Trotiig in 1964. Com-
pletely destroyed during gravel extraction in
1965.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Trench with unknown int structure, sur-
face dimensions c. 35 x c. 1 m, c. 15°.
BD: Prob inhumation.
No recovered finds.
Bhr 1965:04 (ATA 5003/1965)
Exposed by Gustaf Trotzig in 1964. Com-
pletely destroyed during gravel extraction in
1965.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Trench with unknown int structure, sur-
face dimensions c. 35 s c. 1 m, c. 295°.
BD: Prob inhumation.
No recovered finds.
Bhr 1965:05 (ATA 5003/1965)
Exposed bv Gustaf Trotzig in 1964. Com-
pletely destroyed during gravel extraction in
1965.
Picdoc: -
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Trench with unknown int structure, sur-
face dimensions c. 4 x c. 1.5 m, c. 30°.
BD: Prob inhumation.
No recovered finds.
Bhr I 965:06 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 061 1/2002
grave l/65.Trotzig's (I 979J 991 a)
plan #141)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig. The cist's SW
corner was located 358 cm from Harald
Hansson's standing stone, 30°, c. NNE, of
the stone (fig. 3:4).
Picdoc: Plan^ 4 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation. A few
igneous stones around the cist may have been
remnants of a stone setting.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 65 x 50x45 cm, 348°.
Slightly disturbed.
BD: Cremation c. 0.05 litres, 49 g. Crema-
tion layer 12 cm thick. 1 adult indet-sex
human. 1 adult dog. [Report VI^ Svensson
1999.)
Glass vessel. 7 g. 3 slightly criziled^ but not
melted, tiny frags. Pale green. Threads of
same glass set 6 mm apart on surface.
2 gaming pieces. Domed. Diam 15 mm.
Height 6.5 mm.
Gold finger ring. Not found in stores.
Comb. Composite, indeterminable type. 1
tooth plate frag from end-plate.
Pottery. 8 frags. Max 1 43 mm. Finely tem-
pered, terracotta-coloured, 3 mm thick.
Neck and angled shoulder. Stamp orna-
mented with 3 preserved stamps: below
shoulder 2-concentric dot-circle and con-
cave-side triangle with circles at points, above
shoulder diffuse and incomplete prob al-
mond-shaped stamp (cf. VWG textfig. 73).
Moulded cord along shoulder delimited by
single lines.
Bronze strip frag. Tapered. L 1 3 mm. Max
w 2.3 mm.
2 bear phalanges.
Bhr I 966:01 a (SHM 321 81:1 A.
Nihlen'5 1931 plan grave 7. ATA
3341/2001 gr^ve 1/66 A. WKG l:S2)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan, plan, sketch plan, sec-
tion, 2 photographs + 6 of dressed kerb
stones.
Ss: Single-layer igneous block stone setting
with neatly dressed sandstone block ked^ (fig.
3:5). Diam 7.4 m. Damaged^ large but mu-
tually exclusive parts of internal stone pack-
ing and kerb missing. Surrounded by 5 pits
184
Bhrl966
[Bhr 1966:2-6), evenly placed except for Jt
the NE side where a field-wall covered the
expected location of a sixth pic. Photographs
show that enough was removed of the field
wall only to expose Bhr 1966:12, but not to
ascertain whether there was a sixth pit NE
ofBhr 1966:01a.
Is: Slightly off-centre (W) cremation layer
1 10 X 50 X 5 cm, 349°. E half prob destroyed
at the construction of Bhr 1961:01b judg-
ing from the burnt bones found scattered
across the surface of the Ss.
BD: Cremation c. 2 htres.
Arm ring. WKG 1:52:1-2. 2 frags. Twined
with wire.
Arm ring, WKG 1:52:3-5. 3 frags. Made
from 3 twisted-together rods.
Dress pin, WKG 1:52:7. Fused with iron
dress pin.
Iron dress pin, WKG 1:52:8. Fused with
bronze dress pin.
Sieve pendant. WKG 1:52:6. Possibly orig
silver-plated.
>=18 beads. WKG 1:52:10. Badly melted.
4 amorph pale blue with white inlay. 3 brl
red. 2 amorph tluc pale green, 2 amorph
green. 2 amorph blue. 2 amorph yellow. 1
amorph pale blue with red inlay. 1 amorph
tluc cobalt blue. 1 fglob tluc blue.
Strap joiner. WKG 1:52:11. Rhomboid
bronze sheet mount. Rivets in corners.
Wri^led ornament.
Comb. WKG 1:52:9. Frags. Cross-striated.
1 bronze rivet.
Iron slieet mount. WKG 1:52:22. Folded.
Fused with knife sheath mount.
Iron sheet mount. WKG 1:52:12. U-bent.
With a rivet.
2 knives. WKG 1:52:24-26. Both fiised with
textile frags.
Knife slieaili cover mount. WKG 1:52:23.
Bronze sheet. Punch ornamented with 2
punches: triple dot and 2-concentric circles.
Fjsed with iron mount and nail.
Iron ring. WKG 1:52:16. Made from bent
rod.
4 iron nails, WKG 1:52:17-20. 1 fused with
knife sheath mount.
Iron wire loop. WKG 1:52:13,
Iron rod. Pin?
Iron rod. WKG 1:52:14. Slightly flattened
ends.
Iron rod, 2 frags. Round cross-section.
Iron rod. WKG 1:52:21. 2 frags. Rectangu-
lar cross-section.
Cr 30 hroiize frags.
Cr 10 iron frags.
Bhr 1966:01b (SHM 32I8I:IB &GF
CL0977.Nihlen's 1931 plan grave 7.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 1/66 B)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans^ 2 sketch plans, sec-
tion, 4 photographs + 3 of picture stone + 1
of limestone sphere.
Ss: Re-use of Bhr 1966:01a. Stones from Ss
apparently re-used to cover the trench.
Is: 2-layer igneojs drystone cist with sand-
stone end slabs 170 x 45 x 50 cm^ trench
depth 120 cm betow gravel surface, 6°. 2 pic-
ture stones secondarily placed by grave-rob-
bers in upper part of fill at either end, prob
once used as lid slabs. Dug into Bhr 1966:01 a^
slightly E of the centre. Robbed before 1931.
Centre of trench excavated in recent times to
a depth of 50 cm above the bottom, prob by
JohnNihlenin 1931.
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed, disturbed^
head prob orig at N end,
PenanniJar brooch. End frag, nothing
left of bow. Carlsson 19SS type RUL:SM,
per B-E. Unknown position.
Strap mount. Frag. Trapezoid folded
bronze sheet. Fastening plate from a
buckle or a joiner. Bronze sheet with riv-
eted-on bronze rods. Found in situ in
pelvic region.
Strap mount. Bronze sheet rectangle riv-
eted to belt along with lamellae, rivets
in corners. 2 transversal bronze ribs (w
2.5 mm) riveted onto it. 24 x 1 7 mm.
C. 30 belt lamellae. Edge line ornament.
Found in situ^ joined by leather remains^
in a neat row across the pelvic region at
the middle of the grave. 17x5-6 mm.
Knife, Frags. Found in dx hip region
pointing footward.
Knife butt staple. Iron. Found with
knife in ds hip region.
Pot. Frags, partly reassembled. Greysur-
face^ black core, coarsely tempered^ 7
mm thick. Vertical rounded rim, in-
ward-sloping sides, turned-out base^
slightly concave bottom. Unadorned.
Rim diam 150 mm. Base diam 120 mm.
Height 1 15 mm. Found at N end, i.e.
at head.
BrowTi seaweed. Sw. band tang, slake.
Found along sides of trench, indicating
a mattress or other trench furnishing.
Picture stone. GF C10977. Nylen &
Lamm 1987 #82, fig. p 139, 8th cen-
tury AD. Complete. Limestone. Depict-
ing a sailing ship with crew and perpen-
dicularly chequered sail above a serrated
line of waves. 76 x 51 x 15 cm. Found
face up, secondarily placed by grave-rob-
bers across grave trench at the N end.
Picture stone. Nylen & Lamm 1937
#83, 8th-l 1th century AD, Frag, only
upper end preserved. Limestone, De-
picting a decorative border with figure
8s and possibly the upper edge of a ship's
sail. Found facing into the trench, sec-
ondarily set upright into its upper levels
at the S end by grave-robbers.
Limestone sphere. Flattened spheroid
with neat horizontal facets. Found some-
where in grave trench, prob used sec-
ondarily. Diam >20 cm.
Uncertain provenance:
Arm ring. Deformed half frag, appar-
ently burnt. Open. Flat cross-section
with a shallow groove along the middle,
tapering to pin-like terminations. Un-
adorned. Max w 6 mm. Termination
diam 2.7 mm. Unknown position. Prob
orig from Bhr 1966:01a.
Bhr 1966:02 (ATA 3341/2001
feature 2/66)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan^ plan, photograph.
Ss: None, but see Bhr 1 966:0 1 a.
Shallow oval pit 200 k 90 cm with dark fill
and mixed stones. Orientated tangential to Bhr
1 966:0 1 a and placed 1 1 cm SSE from its kerb.
No finds.
Bhr 1966:03 (ATA 3341/2001
feature 3/66)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan^ plan, photograph.
Ss: None, but see Bhr 1966:01a,
Shallow oval pit 170 x 100 cm with dark fill
and mixed stones. Orientated tangential to
Bhr 1 966:01 a and placed 175 cm SW from
its kerb.
No finds.
Bhr 1966:04 (SHM 32181:4.
ATA 334 1 /200 I feature 4/66)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan^ plan, photograph.
Ss: None, but see Bhr 1966:01a.
Oval pit 160 X 120 x 20 cm with dark fill
and mixed stones. Orientated tangential to
Bhr 1966:01a and placed 125 cm W from
its kerb.
Bronze frag. From the edge of a cast object
with a vertical wall. 21x5 mm.
185
Bhrl966
Bhr 1966:05 (SHM 32181:5.
ATA 334I/2O0I grave 5/66)
Escavated by Gustaf Troizig.
Picdoc: Photo plan^ plan, photograph.
Ss: None, bjcseeBhr 1966:01a.
Is; Shallow oval cremation pit 1 60 x 90 cm
with dark fill and mixed stones. Orientated
tangential to Bhr 1966:01a and placed 100
cm NNW from its kerb.
BD: Cremation c. 0.05 litres.
3 beads. 1 amorph green, 1 amorph green
& red. 1 amorph blue, red & white.
Bead. Amorph pale blue. Found somewhere
near the pit.
Bhr 1966:06 (SHM 32181:6.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 6/66)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotiig.
Picdoc: Photo plan, sketch plan, section.
Ss: None, bjtseeBhr 1966:0 la.
Is: Oval cremation pit 175 x 80 x l6 cm
with dark fill and mixed stones. Orientated
tangential to Bhr 1966:01a and placed 75
cm E from its kerb.
BD: Cremation c. 0.2 litres.
No artefact finds.
Bhr 1966:07 (SHM 32181:7.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 7/66)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, 2 sketch plans, sec-
tion, 4 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist with internal sand-
stone end-slabs, 240 x 60 x 65 cm, 154°.
Robbed through a pit at the SE end.
BD: inhumation, destroyed^ head originally
at S E end .
Dtesspin. RundqvistNilsson 1990 typeB2-
B3, Late Viking Period. Cf WKG II: 1 1 9: 1 -
9. Ccb head. No visible punches. Polygonal
loop. L 98 mm. Found in head region.
Comb. Eroded frags. 5 bronze rivets. Found
in sec pos in fill.
Spindlewhorl. Igneous rock. Domed. Diam
44 mm. Height 32 mm. Found in sec pos in
fill.
Pot. Hulthen 1991 #8, erroneously prove-
nanced to Bhr 1966:27. Frags, complete^ re-
assembled. Terracotta surface, grey core, me-
dium temper, 4-5 mm thick. Turned ^^ut rim,
neck^ marked but rounded shoulder, gently
in ward -sloping sides, flatbottom. Unadorned
except for raised single line on bottom. Rim
diam 95 mm. Base diam 95 mm. Height 75
mm. Found the lower leg region at the S\C
side.
Bhr I 966:08 (SHM 32181:8.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 8/66)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, 2 sketch plans^ sec-
tion, 4 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist 270 x 55 x 55 cnv
180°, with igneous stone trench cover.
Robbed with W wall damaged. Located
closely parallel W to and partly superim-
posed upon Bhr 196S:0].
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed and dis-
turbed, legs flexed sin, head near S end.
Animal-head brooch. Carlsson 1983 35;5S;
type 7.6.N; per D. Wriggled ornament on
mouldings. L 53 mm. Found in head region.
Anibet amulet. WKG 11:172:5. Miniature
chair. Found in head region.
Amber bead. Disc-shaped with concave
sides. Diam 233 mm. Height 12.5 mm.
Found in head region.
Bronze sewing needle. Broken through eye.
Extant 1 50 mm. Found in head region.
Wooden vessel. Frag preserved on bronze
ring mount. Rectangular fastening plate fas-
tened with 4 rivets in corners, pierced by
staple holding wire ring. Ring wire ends
twined around each other Ring diam 24
mm. Found at footward end of cist.
Pot. Frags. Grey surfece, black core, coarsely
tempered, 8 mm thick. Turned-out rim,
neck, shoulder, gently inward-sloping sides,
base destroyed. Rim diam c. 130 mm.
Height >100 mm. Unadorned. Unknown
position.
Bhr I966:09N (SHM 32181:9/66 N.
ATA 334 1/200 I grave 9/66 N.
Trotzig I99la:230-232.WKGI:60)
Excavated bv GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans, plan^ 3 sketch plans,
section, photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 240 x 50 x 50 cm,
270°, with sandstone lid slabs [fig. 3:5). S
long-side open towards Bhr 1966:09S. Floor
slabs in Bhr 1 966:09S, whose trench was also
longer, indicating that the trench was dug
one half at a time. Wooden coffin of similar
dimensions indicated by in situ nails and
wood frags inside. Joined with and strati-
graphically post-dating Bhr 1966;09S.
BD: Inhumation, badly decayed, head atW
end.
Beard axe head. WKG l:60:2. Upward and
downward haft Haps. L 1 1 5 mm. Edge w 82
mm. Found dx of head region, with edge
turned sin, haft orig pointing footwards.
Crosspendant.WKG 1:60:1. Staecker 1999b
#71, pp. 465^67, type 1.4.4, late 1 1th cen-
tury. Silver-plated bronze. Suspension ring not
on the longest arm. Openwork palmetto
arms. Ribbed ring. 39 x 40 mm excluding
ring. Ring diam 20 mm. Found in fill above
head region together with wood frags and the
remains of a rat's nest, prob orig placed on
top of coffin-lid.
Brasssheetbowl.Troizigl991a#19.Forshell
1992:65, table 5-S. WKG I:473:c. Un-
adorned. Diam c. 310 mm. Height 70-80
mm. Found next to other vessels at extreme
footward end.
Wood shaving. L 70 mm. Found in brass
sheet bowl.
Insect remains. Carrion beetle, Necrophorm
huTnator, Sw. svart dodgravare. Fragments of
pupae and larvae of flies; Diptera, prob
Muscidae, Ophyra ssp; Sw. fljgor (Trotzig
1991 a:232. determined by Carl H. Lindroth
& Hugo Andersson in 1 970). Found in brass
sheet bowl.
Textile frags. 2-leaved twill. Max frag size
18 X 14 mm. Found beneath brass sheet
bowl.
Wooden vessel. WKG I:473:b. Frags. Hard-
wood. With 3 bronze rivets and frags of a
bronze sheet repair mount. Diam > 1 60 mm.
Found next to other vessels at footward end.
Pine bark dish. Frag. Diam4l mm. Found
next to other vessels at footward end.
Pot. Hulthen 1991 #31, fig. lb. WKG l:473:a.
Baltic Ware. Featureless under-side. Rim diam
l40mm. Base diam 90 mm. Height 120 mm.
Found next to other vessels at footward end.
26 coffin nails. Frags. With wood remains.
Found in situ.
Coffin wood frags. Green verdigris-stained,
preserved beneath brass bowl. Conventional
radiocarbon date 1215±100 BP [St-5597),
690-940 cal AD (OxCal 3.3, Stuiver et al.
1998). Sample position in tree unknown.
Bhr I 966:C9S (SHM 32181:9/66 S.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 9/66 S.
Trotzig I99la:232-236.WKG 1:59)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 4 photo plans^ plan, 2 sketch plans^
section^ photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 250 x 60 x 50 cm, 270°,
with sandstone lid slabs and floor slabs (fig,
8:5). N long-side open towards Bhr 1966:09
N. No floor slabs in Bhr 1966:09N, whose
trench was also shorter^ indicating that the
trench was dug one half at a time. Wooden
coffin of similar dimensions indicated by in
186
Bhrl966
situ nails inside. Joined with and scratigraphi-
cally pre-dating BKr 1966:09N. Robbed
through pic near W end.
BD: Inhumation^ completely destroyed, head
orig at W end judging from find positions.
Axe head. WKG 1:59:8. Simple narrow type.
Upward and downward haft flaps. L 88 mm.
Edge w 48 mm. Found sin of head region,
with edge turned sin, haft orig pointing
footwards.
Penannnlaj brooch, Carlsson 1933 35:43;
type FAQSA^ oreia II; per D. WKG 1:59: 1 .
Diam 36 mm. Found in sec pos in robber
pit.
Amber amulet, WKG 1:59:10. Beard axe-
shaped. Pierced. 17.7x 1 1.3x6.9 mm. Found
next to brass sheet bowl at footward end.
Bead, WKG 1:59:9. ! bri red. Found in dx
pelvic regjonr
9 ornamental strap mounts, WKG 1:59:4-
6. 4 chevron -shaped, 3 butterfly-shaped^ 2
round. Found in dx pelvic region.
2strapendmomits. WKG 1:59:2-3. Beast's
head biting figure S-shaped Urnes style rib-
bon-beast. 49.8 X 12.7 mm. Found in dx
pelvic region.
Knife, WKG 1:59:7. Frags. Fused with rem-
nants of leather sheath with cover mount.
Found in dx pelvic region.
Knife sheath cover mount. WKG 1:59:7.
Wriggle ornamented bronze sheet. Fused
with knife.
Brass sheet bowl. Trotzig 1991a #20.
Forshell 1992:65. table 5-3. WKG I:472:b.
Ornamented interior with soldered-on em-
bossed sheet appliques. Diam 267-274 mm.
Height 58-72 mm. Found at footward end.
Leather strap. 3 frags. W 7 mm. Max frag 1
40 mm. Found in brass sheet bowl.
Plant remains. Grape pips, two-row hulled
barley grains, wheat grains, apple seeds
{Hjelmqvist 1993). Found in brass sheet
bowl.
Unbiirnt bird bone. Afoot bone, tjbiotarsus
dx, from a goldeneye, BucephaLt clangula,
Sw. knipa (Trotzig 1991a:235, determined
by Johannes Lepiksaar in 1967). Found in
brass sheet bowl.
Insect remains. Ground beetle, Pristonychus
terricoLi, Sw. kiillarldpare; carrion beetle,
Necrophorus humator, Sw. svart dodgravare;
histerid beetle. Mister cailiiverinus, Sw.
kadaverstumpbagge; scarabeid beetle, Trox
sciiber, Sw. liten knotbagge (Trotzig
1991a: 235, determined by Carl H. Lindroth
in 1970). Found in brass sheet bowl.
2 snail shells, Z?^jcwj7wftj/'wj (determined by
Johannes Lepiksaar & H.W Walden in
1967). Found in brass sheet bowl.
Pot. Hulthen 1991 #5, group X. WKG
1:472: a. Baltic Ware. Complete, reassembled.
Grey-brown surface, black core, finely tem-
pered, 6 mm thick Turned-out rim, neck.
shoulder, gently inward -sloping sides, concave
bottom. Horizontal lines on neck and shoul-
der. Swastika on under-side. Rim diam 1 15
mm. Base diam 75 mm. Height 95 mm.
Found next to brass sheet bowl at foot\vard
end.
Bronze slieet mount. WKG 1:59:1 1. Trap-
ezoid frag. Found in chest region.
23 coffin nailsr Frags. With wood remains.
Found in situ.
Wooden object. WKG 1:59:12. Frag. End
split into 5 parts, twined with a bronze strip.
Found next to pot.
Coffin wood frags. Green verdigris -stained,
preserved beneath brass bowl. Conventional
radiocarbon date 1030±!00 BP (St-5593).
780-1040 cal AD [OxCal 3.3. Stuiver et al.
1998). Sample position in tree unknown.
Bhr 1966:10 (SHM 32181:10.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 10/66)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 8 photo plans, plan. 2 sketch plans,
section, 6 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist with internal sand-
stone end slabs, 225 x 50 x 50 cm, 185°,
and igneous stone trench cover. Wood re-
mains indicating a coffin or bier without
nails. S half thoroughly robbed and belt
mounts disturbed^ indicating that the rob-
bers tried to rake objects also out of the N
half of the trench.
BD: Inhumation adult, w^ll preserved but
disturbed from knees downward, extended
on back with sin arm over abdomen, head
at S end.
Straphuckle.Cf WKG 11:1 28:1. Cast frame
with frontal protrusion, iron tongue and trap-
ezoid folded bronze sheet fastening mount.
Prob orig separate axes for tongue and fas-
tening plate as in WKG 11:127:7-14, 128:1-
6, but here the outer axis and most of the
side-arms seem to have been cut away and
the fastening plate mounted on the inner axis.
L tot 48 mm. Max frame w 28 mm. Found
slightly out of place at pelvis.
2 strap joiners, Cf. WKG 11:136:6-7.
137:10-15. Frags, only one complete. Fea-
tureless bronze rings, each with 2 tongue-
shaped ornate strap fastening mounts. 1 pre-
served oval rod intermediary link. Ring diam
24 mm. Fastening mount 35 x l4 mm. One
ring tied to iron staple with a leather strap.
One found slightly out of place at pelvis,
the other in sec pos between femora.
13 ornamental strap mounts. 13pentagonal
(cf. WKG 11:139:17-21), 2droplet-shaped(cf:
WKG 11:140:5-6), 2 round domed with
punched dots along edge diam I6 mm. 1
chevron-shaped(cf WKG 11:140:1-3). Most
found in situ in a line across abdomen, some
in sec pos between femora.
Belt ornament. Frags. Cluster of iron rods
twined with bronze strip spirals. Found in
sec pos between femora. Diam 4.7 mm.
Knife. Fused with remains of wooden handle
and leather sheath. Staple ring on handle
butt. Lower handle end twined with bronze
wire. Found with buckle and strap joiner
slightly out of place at pelvis on dx side.
Knife butt staple ring. Ribbed. Fused with
knife.
Bronze joint rivet. 2 rectangular sheet rect-
angles joined by single rivets at ends. Leather
remains in span. Found in sec pos between
femora.
Iron staple. Tied tostrap joiner with a leather
strap.
Bhr 1966:1 I a (SHM 32181:1 la.
ATA 334l/200[ grave I I a/66)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Sketch plan, 2 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Cremation pit with mixed stones, diam
c. O.Bm, Wedge cut by Bhr 1966:11b.
BD: Cremation.
Bronze pin. Point frag. Brooch pin or dress
pin. Extant I 21 mm.
Iron carpentry rivet. Well-preserved. Counter-
washer lost. Head diam 8.5 mm. Span 34 mm.
Bhr 1966:1 lb (SHM 32181:11b.
ATA 3341/2001 grave I I b/66)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan^ plan^ sketch plan, sec-
tion, 6 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist, 220 x 55 x 50 cm,
185°. Nail-less wooden coffin of similar di-
mensions indicated by wood remains. Dug
into Bhr 1966:1 la. Walls damaged and in-
complete. S half thoroughly robbed.
BD: Inhumation adult, badly decayed and
disturbed. Head orig at S end. Burnt bones
in fill prob from Bhr 1 966: 1 1 a.
4 ornamental strap mounts. 3 pentagonal.
1 chevron-shaped. Found in sec pos in fill.
Strap end mount. Tongue-shaped. 36 x 13
mm. Found in sec pos in fill.
187
Bhrl966
Pot. Complete. Turned-out rim, barrel-shaped
body^ convex (!) bottom. Rim diam 135 mm.
Height 1 10 mm. Base diam 120 mm. Found
in NW corner.
Bhr 1966:12 (SHM 32I8I:I2.ATA
3341/2001 grave I 2/66.WKG 1:53)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, plan^ sketch plan,
section, 5 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone block cist with a sand-
stone end slab at the SWend, 270 x 55 x 55
cm, 222°. mixed stone cover (fig. 8:4). SW
half robbed. The NE half was covered by a
field wall.
BD: Inhjmation adult, dcstrtyed from pelvis
upward, feet also missing, extended on back
near middle of cist with head pointing S\C^
Beard axe head. \VKG 1:53:7. Trefoil pro-
trusion on beard. Upward and downward
haft flaps. L 120 mm. Edgew84mm. Found
outside dx knee, edge dx, haft orig along side
head ward 5.
Penanniilir brooch. Carlsson 1933 35:49;
type FAQS rom:a I: late per D. WKG 1:53: 1.
Diam 31 mm. Found between knees.
Strap buckle. WKG 1:53:2. Found in secpos
in abdominal region.
Strap joiner. WKG 1:53:4-5. 2 rectangular
folded bronze sheet fastening plates, ring
missing. Found in sec pos in abdominal re-
gion and outside sin knee.
Strap fastening mount, WKG 1:53:6. Frag.
Like the abovementioned. Part either of an-
other joiner or a third fastener to the above-
mentioned.
7 ornamental strap niountSr WKG 1:53:3.
Chevron -shaped. Found in sec pos in ab-
dominal region.
Knife. WKG 1:53:8-9. 2 frags.
Bhr I966:I3(SHM 32181:13.
ATA334I/2O0I grave 13/66)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, 2 sketch plans, sec-
tion, 6 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone and slab cist with sand-
stone end-slab at SSW end, 270 x 50 x 40,
25°, and igneous stone cover [fig. 8:3). Lo-
cated closely parallel WNW of Bhr 1966:14.
Thoroughly robbed through central pit, all
finds in sec pos in fill.
BD: Inhumation, destroyed.
Bronze pin frag. Prob from dress pin or
brooch pin.
12 heads. 2 brl eroded reddish brown. 2
fglob indet colour. 1 fglob tluc vellow. 1 brl
blue. 1 brl tluc blue. 1 bicon pumpkin deep
turquoise. 1 slightly bicon cyl gold-foliate.
1 disc-shaped amber diam 21 mm. 1 brl
indet colour. 1 quasi-triangular-brl indet
colour.
Knife. Antler handle frag. Asymmetric boat-
shaped cross-section. Bronze corrosion stains
and 4 holes on butt are evidence of a butt
staple ring with a curved tapered sheet
mount, cf WKG 11:131:9-11, 187:8. Cross-
section 24 X 1 3 mm.
Pot. Frags, incomplete. Terracotta surface,
black core, coarsely tempered, 10 mm thick.
Slightly inward-turned rounded rim, vague
shoulder, gently inward -sloping sides, flat
base. Unadorned. Rim diam c. 120 mm.
Base diam 80 mm. Height 80-90 mm.
2 bronze wire rings. Diam 12 mm.
Bronze sheet frags. 1 with a rivet. Prob from
fastening plates for strap mounts.
Bhr 1966:14 (SHM 32181:14/66.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 14/66)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Trotzig 1983:373, fig. 3. 2 photo
plans, plan, 2 sketch plans, section. 7 pho-
tographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone and slab cist, 280 x 55 x
50 cm, 202°, with mixed block cover [flg.
8:3). Located closely parallel ESE of Bhr
1966:13.
BD: Inhumation adult, extended on back,
head turned sin, sin arm on pelvis, dx arm
along side, sin leg slightly flexed inward,
placed in centre of cist with head pointing
ss\c:
Beard axe head. Badly corroded. Trefoil pro-
trusion on beard. Downward haft flaps. L c.
110 mm. Edge w c. 70 mm. Found at dx
side of head, edge toward skull, haft orig
along side footward. Fused with textile re-
mains.
2 penannulat brooches, Carlsson 1988
35:50-51; type FAQS rom:a I & FAC:S/V
ore:a II K; late per D & per D. Diam 32 &
59 mm. Both equally slightly worn beneath
tongue loop. The smaller brooch found 3t
throat, the larger one at dx shoulder.
Strap hucye. Cf WKG 11:127:7-14. Badly
corroded and fused with textile frags. 51 x
28 mm. Found in situ at belt-line.
Strap joiner. Bronze ring with I folded rect-
angular bronze sheet fastening plate. Found
in situ at dx hip on belt-line. Ring diam 28
mm.
Strap end mount, Cf WKG 11:133:5-6.
Pointed with palmetto ornament. Prob part
of joiner. Uncertain position.
Strap joiner. Worn bronze ring ^vith 2 loose
cast bronze fastening mounts: 1 without
good parallels in WKG I-II. Pointed with
face ornament, eyes formed by a palmetto,
beard ending in a sculpted duck's head.
Sunken fields on either side of nose and on
chin, similar to those on tongue-shaped pen-
dants. 49 X 18 mm. 1 cf WKG 11:137:12.
Tongue-shaped with geometric ornament.
39 X 15 mm. Ring diam 26 mm. Found in
situ at sin hip on belt-line.
17 otnanienlaJ strap mounts. 15 pentago-
nal. 2 droplet-shaped.
Knife. Fused with remains of leather sheath
with back-cover mount. Found in situ at dx
hip.
Knife sliealli edge mount. Corroded frags.
Bronze sheet. No sign of any hole. Fused
with knife.
Textile frags. Fused with strap buckle and
smaller brooch.
Bhr 1966:15 (ATA 3341/2001
feature 15/66)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Plan^ 2 photographs.
Post hole packed with sandstone flakes, diam
c. 60 cm.
No flnds.
Bhr 1966:16 (ATA 3341/2001
feature 16/66)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: 3 plans^ 2 photographs.
Post hole packed with mixed stones^ diam c.
50 cm.
No flnds.
Bhr 1966:17 (SHM 32181:17/66.
ATA 334 1/200 I grave 17/66)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan, plan, section, 3 photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist^ W and part of E wall
double, 1 20 X 45 X 35 cm, 1 75". with sand-
stone floor slabs. Wooden coffin of simitar
dimensions indicated by in situ nails inside.
BD: Inhumation, prob child judging from
cist dimensions, no bones preserved, head
prob orig at S end judging from And posi-
tions.
Penannular brooch. Carlsson 1988 35:52;
type FAC:S/V ore:a II: per D. WKG
Bhrl966
0:108:4. Diam 36 mm. Found near SE cor-
ner
Composite rattle. Bronze sheet with iron
ring. Found slightly SE of cist centre.
Pot. Frags^ incomplete. Grey surfjce^ black
core^ coarsely tempered, 7 mm thick. Rim
lost^ vague neck, barrel-shaped body^ flatbot-
tom. Unadorned. Max belly di:im c. 130
mm. Orig height 60-70 mm. Found slightly
NW of cist centre.
19 coffin nails. Uncommonly thin stems.
Found in situ.
Bhr 1966:18 (SHM 32181:18/66.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 18/66.
Trotzig I968.WKG 1:39)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Pl^n, section, 2 photographs.
Ss: A 110 cm wide limestone slab wjs
planted across the pit, 88°, prob indicating
the base of a broken-off standing slab. No
similarity to the bases of picture stones.
Is: Ova! cremation pit, l60 x 120 x 30 cm,
90°, with mixed stone fill supporting the
standing slab.
BD: Cremation c. 1.5 litres. 1 adult male-
sex human. 1 horse. 1 dog. Determinations
by Hans Sellstedt (Trotzig 1968:50).
Bridle mount. WKG 1:39:12. Cf WKG
ri:135:2-5, 264:4-6. Trefoil outline with
damaged ornament and rivet holes at ends.
Iron hook mount. WKG 1:39: SI. Trapezoid
fastening plate with hook secured on back-
side by rectangular plate. 2 rivets. Holding
an iron link frag.
Iron strap huckle. WKG 1:39:82. Iron sheet
fastening plate folded over trapezoid rod
frame and pierced for tongue.
8 ornamental strap mounts, WKG 1:39:3-
10. Frags. Hourglass-shaped with fine cast
gripping-beast ornament. Gilded. With frags
of bronze sheet counferplates, 1 extant and
in place.
Bronze sheet ornamental strap mount. WKG
1:39:13. Ho u ^lass-shaped with bump orna-
ment.
2 strap end mounts. WKG 1:39:1-2. Fine
cast gripping-beast ornament. Gilded.
Strap end mount. WKG 1:39:1 1. Triangu-
lar with fine cast gripping-beast ornament.
Gomb.WKG 1:39:15-16. 3 frags. 2 grip rib
+ 1 tooth plate.
Bone object. WKG I:39:l4. Frag. Line or-
namented.
Bronze rod ring. WKG 1:39:17. Open.
Iron sheet mount, WKG 1:39:57. Frag.
Pierced.
5 iron rod frags. WKG 1:39:73-75, 80. 1
hooked. 1 ending in a pierced plate.
32 iron rivets. WKG 1:39:22-51, 70-72.
15 iron nails. \t^G 1:39:58-72. 76-79.
4 bronze frags. WKG 1:39:18-21.
5 iron frags. WKG 1:39:52-56.
Bhr 1966:19 (SHM 32181:19/66.
ATA334E/200I grave 19/66.
WKG l:6S)
Excavated bv GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans^ 2 sketch plans, sec-
tion, 4 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist with sandstone end
slabs, 255 X 60 X 50 cm, 190°. S 2/3 thor-
oughly robbed. All finds except pot in sec
pos in nil.
BD: Inhumation^ destroyed, head orig at S
end judging from pot position.
Arm ring. WKG 1:65:4. Open.
Animal-head broocli. Carlsson 1983 35:59;
type 6.4.N: per D. WKG 1:65:1. L 60 mm.
2 dress pins. WKG 1:65:2-3. 1 represented
only by a point frag.
Tongue pendant, WKG 1:65:5. Drilled
openv/orh.
Sieve pendant. WKG 1:65:6. Silver-plated.
Spoon pendant. WKG 1:65:7. Silver-plated.
4 beads. WKG 1:65:8-11. 1 pumpkin pale
turquoise. 1 pumpkin tluc pale blue. 1 obi
box -shaped tluc cobalt blue. 1 amorph indet
colour.
Iron key. WKG 1:65:13. Frags.
Knife. WKG 1:65:12. Frags. Fused with re-
mains of leather sheath.
Bronze wire ring. WKG 1:65:15. Inter-
twined ends.
Pot.Hulthen 1991 ^3, group X. WKG 1:474.
Baltic Ware. Swastika on under-side. Rim
diam 1 15 mm. Base diam 70 mm. Height
95 mm. Found at W wall near N end.
2 bronze lumps. WKG 1:65: l6.
5 iron rod frags. WKG 1:65: l4. Fused with
textile frags.
Â¥ossil^^^/KG 1:65:17. Aslyiosponiia. Glohu-
Bhr I 966:20 (SHM 32181:20.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 20/66)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan, 2 sketch plans, section^
4 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cjjtivation.
Is: Igneous drystone block cist with sand-
stone end slabs, 295 x 55 x 50 cm. 358°.
Robbed throughout except extreme N end.
BD: Inhumation^ destroyed.
Amber amulet. Beard axe-shaped. 1 8 x 1 2 x
7 mm. Found at extreme N end.
Knife. Frags fused with remains of leather
sheath. Found in sec pos in fill.
Pot. Frags. Turned-out rim, neck, rojnded
shoulder^ gently inward -sloping sides, slightly
turned-out base, flat bottom. Beaded rim.
Vertical 9 mm lines on shoulder, 9-13 mm
apart. Black core, grey-brown surfice, coarsely
tempered^ 7 mm thick. Rim diam c. 130 mm.
Base diam 80 mm. Height 90 mm. Found at
E wall slightly S of the middle of the cist's
length and in sec pos in fill.
Unbnrnt bird hone. A wing bone, radius dx,
from a goldeneye, Bitcephala clatrguia, Sw.
knipa (determined by Johannes Lepiksaar in
1967). Found in sec pos in fill.
Unhurnt pig hones. Ribs of pig^ Sus scrofaf.
Domestics, Sw. svin [determined by Johannes
Lepiksaar in 1967). Found in sec pos in fill.
Bhr 1966:21 (ATA 3341/2001
feature 21/66)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan, sketch plan, 2 photo-
graphs.
Pit filled with mixed stones, 160 x 120 cm.
No finds.
Bhr I 966:22 (SHM 32181:22/66.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 22/66.
WKG 1:64)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, 2 sketch plans, sec-
tion, 4 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist with sandstone end
slabs, 295 X 50 X 55 cm, 260°. Robbed ex-
cept W end, most finds in sec pos in fill.
BD: Inhumation, destroyed, head at Wend.
Axe head. WKG 1:^:4. Frag.
Penanniilat hrooch. Carlsson 1988 35:53; type
RUL:SM run I; early per D. WKG 1:^:1.
Diam 30 mm. Found in neck region.
Amber amulet. WKG 1:65:2. Beard axe-
shaped. Biconical hole. 37.6 x 26.3 x 16.5
mm.
Comb. WKG 1:65:3. Frag. Double-sided,
cut from a single piece.
Knife. WKG 1:65:7-8. Frags fused with re-
mains of leather sheath with cover mount.
Knife sheath cover mount. WKG 1:65:7.
Bronze sheet. Fused with knife.
Pot. Frags, reassembled. Turned-in rim,
round shoulder, gently inward -sloping sides,
flat bottom. Unadorned. Black core^ gi"^"
brown surface, coarsely tempered, 7 mm
thick. Rim diam 100 mm. Base diam 85
Bhrl966
mm. Height 95 mm.
Pottery. 1 rim frag from another vessel.
Turned-out rim, neck. Grey core, orange
surface, black burnish, coarse temper, 4.3
mm thick. Rim diam l60 mm.
2 bronze sheet count et^vashers. WKG
1:65:5-6. Rectangular.
Wooden object. Frags with tiny nail holes.
Animal bones.
Bhr 1966:23 (SHM 32181:23.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 23/66)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, plan^ sketch plan,
section, 4 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Meticulously built sandstone slab cist with
double walls and an outer packing of mixed
blocks, 260x65 x60cni, 260°, with sandstone
floor flakes and lid slabs. Coffin of similar di-
mensions indicated by in situ nails and wood
remains inside. Robbed throughout, lid slabs in
W half gone, most finds in sec pos in fill.
BD: Inhumation, destroyed, head orig at W
end judging from find positions.
Axe? 2 frags.
10 ornamentd strap nioimts, 8 heart-shaped.
2 chevron-shaped with 2 angular protrusions.
Silver-plated with niello inlay.
Strap end mount. Cf. WKG lI:I33:S-9.
Fish -shaped. 26 x l6 mm.
Iron implement. Frag fused with remains
of leather sheath. Roper's tool? 66 mm long
when found.
Knife- Frag fused with remains of leather
sheath. Bronze-stained frags of a wooden
handle butt.
Knife butt ring staple, Cf WKG ]I:181:9-
II, 187:6, 8. Frag from crescent-shaped
wri^led bronze sheet mount.
Pottery, 7 small frags. Dark grey core, red-
dish brown surface, coarse temper, 9 mm
thick. Found scattered through E half.
>=15 coffin nails, c. 50 frags. 1 1 frags found
in situ along walls.
7 iron rivets, With wood remains. Found
clustered in E half. Casket?
2 bronze sheet mount frags. Possibly the end
frags of a single object, similar to an open arm
ring with nails at ends. Curved and profiled.
Tapered with a bronze nail at either end. Fused
with wood-remains. Curvature that of a 40
mm diam circle.
4 bronze sheet frags. 2 with rivets.
Textile frags, 3 different fabrics.
Feathers. Remains preserved by lime seep-
age. Unknown species. Apparently still at-
tached to bird skin when placed in grave
(determined byJohannesLepiksaar in 196?).
Insect remains. Larvae of flies, Diptera^ Mus-
cidae; Sw. flugor (determined by Johannes
Lepiksaar in 1967). Fused with feathers.
Bhr 1966:24 (ATA 3341/2001
feature 24/66)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Pic doc: Photograph.
Pit with dark gravel-mised fill, diam <I00
cm.
No finds.
Bhr 1966:25 (ATA 3341/2001
feature 2S/66)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Pic doc: Photograph.
Pit with dark gravel-mised fill, diam <I00
cm.
No finds.
Bhr 1966:26 (ATA 3341/2001
feature 26/66)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Pic doc: Photograph.
Pit with dark gravel-mixed fill, diam <100
cm.
No finds^ but a trapezoid amber amulet [26.9
X 135 X 13.7 mm) with a groove at the small
end in the SHM stores is erroneously attrib-
uted to this feature.
Bhr I 966:27a (SHM 32i8h27/66a.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 27 /66a.
WKG 1:89)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan, plan^ sketch plan, pho-
tographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Shallow inhumation trench, I <100 cm.
Prob superimposed upon Bhr 1966:27c.
Damaged by tillage.
BD: Inhumation, no bones preserved, prob
child judging from trench dimensions.
2 boar tusk pendants. WKG 1:89:2-3.
Found with mount.
Bronze sheet mount. WKG 1:89:1. Domed
with ornate square brim, 4 rivet holes in
corners. Pound with pendants.
Wooden vessel. WKG 1:89:4. Frag preserved
on joint rivet. 2 bronze sheet rectangles
joined with single rivets at ends.
Pot. Baltic Ware. Reassembled, incomplete.
Most of bottom destroyed. Turned -out rim,
neck^ rounded shoulder, gently inward -slop-
ing sides with slight S-shape, concave bot-
tom. Horizontal lines on shoulder and side.
Dark grey core, grey-brown surface, coarsely
tempered, 9 mm thick. Rim diam c. l40
mm. Base diam 35 mm. Height 80-85 mm.
Unknown position within trench. (WKG
1:488 = Hulthen 1991 #6 is erroneously at-
tributed to this grave. That vessel's prov-
enance is unknown to me.)
Bhr I 966:27b (SHM 321 81 :27/66b.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 27/6 6b.
WKG 1:90)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan, plan, sketch plan, pho-
tographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Shallow inhumation trench, I >100 cm.
Coffin or bier indicated by wood remains
beneath finds. Prob superimposed upon SE
corner of Bhr 1966:27e. Superficial damage,
strap buckle Found in spoil dump.
BD: Inhumation child, 50 cm from belt to
top of head, badly decayed, head SE.
2 penannular brooches. Carlsson 1988 35:56-
57:typeFAC:SA^rom:ai&:FAGSrunr;per
D & early per D. WKG 1:90:2, 1 . Diam 35 &
51 mm. The smaller one found in sin chest
region^ the larger one in neck region.
Strap buckle. WKG 1:90:3. Found in sec pos
in spoil dump, uncertain attribution.
2 strap joiners. WKG 1:90:5-6. Flat rings
with niello inlay and contact wear on insides.
Found at ends of belt line.
5 ornamental strap mounts. WKG 1:90:4.
Ring-shaped with 4 protrusions and niello
inlay. Found along belt line.
3 strap end mo imts. WKG 1:90:7-9. 2frags,
1 intact. Angular with grid ornament. Prob
fasteners for joiners. Found along belt line.
Bronze slieel strap fastening mount. WKG
1:90:11. Frag. 2 bronze sheet rectangles
joined with a rivet. Prob the fourth fastener
for the joiners. Extant dimensions 21 x 15
mm. Found at belt line.
Comb. Decayed frags. Iron rivets.
Knife. WKG 1:90:10. Frags fused with re-
mains of leather sheath and wooden handle
stained with bronze corrosion. Found with
strap joiner at dx end of belt line, pointing
foot ward.
Knife bnttringnioimt. WKG 1:90: 10. With
handle frags. Found in situ at knife.
Knife sheath ring mount. WKG 1:90:12.
Palmetto. Found in situ at knife.
2 amber frags. Amulet?
9 bronze slieet frags.
Leather frags.
190
Bhrl966
Bhr l9£6:27c(SHM 32181 :27/66c.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 27/66c)
Escavated by Gustaf Troizig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, plan, 2 sketch plans,
photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Shallow inhumation trench, 200 x 55 cm,
256°. Coffin or bier indicated by wood re-
mains. Slightly cut into S end of Bhr 1 966;27d.
Probpartfyco\^redbyBhr l%6;27a. Robbed
throughout.
BD; Inhumation, destroyed, head prob orig
at W end judging from pot position.
Aiiibet amulet. Trapezoid with one end
carved into two points. Cut fi-om a large disc-
shaped bead.
Bead. 1 brl red.
Ornamental Hrap moimt. Cf ^OTi^ 11:140:24.
Heart-shaped. Prob silver with niello inlay. l6x
1 3 mm.
Pot. Hulthen 1991 #2, group X. Baltic Ware.
Frags. Turned -out rim, neck, rounded shoul-
der, inward -slanting sides, concave bottom.
Coarsely tempered, black core, grey surface,
5-6 mm thick. Horizontal hnes on neck and
shoulder. Swastika on under-side. Rim diam
150 mm. Base diam 95 mm. Uncertain
height. Found upside down near NE cor-
ner.
3 bronze sheet frags. Max I l6 mm.
2 iron frags. Amorph.
Bhr l966:27d(SHM32l8l:27/66d.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 27/6£d)
Excavated by CustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, plan, 3 sketch plans,
section, photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist 300 x 50 x 60, l69°,
with mixed stone cover. E wall incomplete,
possibly due to construction of Bhr 1 966:27e.
Located closely parallel W of Bhr 1966:27e.
S end slightly cut by Bhr 1966:27c.
BD: Inhumation adult, badly decayed, only
parts of femora preserved^ extended on back,
head orig at S end.
Axe head. Cf WKG 11:256:2. Simple nar-
row type. Downward haft-flaps. Fused with
textile remains, coarse twill. L 1 30 mm. Edge
w 72 mm. Found at dx hip, edge toward
hip, haft orig head ward along trench.
2 penannular brooches. Carlsson 19SS
35:55 & 5S: type FAC;S/V ore:a II &
RULiSM ova:b I; per D. Diam 4l & 49^
mm. Slightly less than half of the RUL-
brooch missing. Found in chest and neck
region respectively.
Strap bucye. Cf. WKG 11:127:7-14. Cast
bronze frame with frontal protrusion and 2
separate axes. Iron tongue. Trapezoid folded
bronze sheet fastening mount with 4 rivets
in corners. Much leather preserved in span.
L tot 67 mm. Frame w30 mm. Strap w 17
mm. Found in situ in abdominal region.
Strap joiner. Cf. WKG 11:136:7. Frags, com-
plete. Featureless ring. 2 trapezoid folded
bronze sheet fastening plates with 4 rivets in
corners. Double edge line ornament. Tied-
on leather strap. Fused with bone. Ring diam
29 mm. Strap w20 mm.
Strap fastening plate. Trapezoid folded
bronze sheet with 2 rivets along mid-line.
No visible decoration. Leather remains in
span. Prob from another joiner. 36 x 14 mm.
Found at dx femur.
3 ornamental bronze rivets. Cf. WKG
11:139:9-10. Domed sheet heads. Diam 9
mm. Span 4 mm. Found in situ near buckle.
Knife. Fused with remains of leather sheath
and wooden handle. Off-set tang. L tot 97
mm. Blade I 59 mm. Blade w6 mm. Found
at belt on dx side.
Leather strap frag. Tied to ring of strap
joiner with knot 31 mm from ring. W 7.5
Bhr I 966:27e (SHM 321 81 :27/££e.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 27/6 £e.
Pettcr^son I 968.WKG 1:81)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, plan^ 2 sketch plans^
section, photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone cist 260 x 50 x 50 cm,
169°^ with mixed stone cover Coffin or bier
indicated by wood remains. All finds except
pot at S end. Possibly incorporating stones
taken from Bhr 1966:27d. Located closely
parallel E ofBhr 1966;27d. Prob partly cov-
ered by Bhr 1966:27b.
BD: Inhumation, completely decayed^ head
orig at S end but body apparently not
stretched on back judging from find positions.
Arm ring. WKG 1:81:8. Open, made from
rod with overlapping ends.
Arm ring. WKG 1:81:7- Open, cast.
4 animal-head brooches. Carlsson 1983
35:60-63; type 6.6.L, 7.1.N, 6.6.L, 7.2.N;
per D. WKG 1:81:2,4, I, 3. L 59, 58, 58.5.
54.5 mm. 2 used to secure bead string to
dress, 2 prob used to close a woollen shroud.
2 dress pins. WKG 1:81:5-6.
Tongue pendant. WKG 1:81:9. Gilded and
silver-plated.
Sieve pendant. WKG 1:81:10. Gilded and
silver-plated.
Spoon pendant. WKG 1:81:1 1. Gilded and
silver-plated.
34 beads. WKG 1:81:12. 33 found in stores.
6 bicon gold-foliate with extremely wide hole.
4 brl lead-covered. 2 pumpkin turquoise. 2
brl green. 2 brl white. 2 brl indet colour. 2
amorph amber diam 21 & 23 mm, 1 bicon
green. 1 ring green. 1 brl black with red and
yellow horizontal streaks. 1 brl black & yel-
low & green indet pattern. 1 bicon lead-cov-
ered. 1 fglob lead-covered. 1 pumpkin tluc
blue. 1 pumpkin tluc colourless. 1 cyi gold-
foliate with extremely wide hole. 1 brl black
covered with eyes, tluc blue pupil, white iris.
1 brl tluc green. 1 bicon black. 1 brl red.
Utensil brooch. WKG 1:81:13. Secondary
iron tongue. Joined to key with bronze chain.
Joined to needle case with iron chain. Tied
tightly to knife sheath ring with thin leather
strap around the dress fabric beneath the
brooch.
Comb. WKG 1:81:23. 3 comb-style bronze
rivets found with beads. No bone or antler
preserved.
Bronze key, WKG 1:81:22. 3-pronged.
Droplet-shaped handle. Joined to utensil
brooch with bronze chain.
Knife. WKG 1:81:26. Fused with remains
of leather sheath with cover mount and
wooden handle with ring mount.
Knife butt ring mount. WKG 1:81:25.
Wri^led bronze sheet.
Knife sheath cover mount. WKG 1:81:26.
Bronze sheet. Fused with knife.
Knife sheath ring mount. WKG 1:81:24.
Palmetto. Tied tightly to utensil brooch with
thin leather strap around the dress fabric
beneath the brooch.
Bronze sheet needle case. WKG 1:81:21.
Joined to utensil brooch with iron chain.
3 weaving tablets. WKG 1:81:17-19. Frags.
Limestone spindlewhorl. WKG 1:81:20 top
view. WKG 11:213: 18 side view. Domed.
Pot. Hulthen 1991 #4, group X. WKG
1:483. Baltic Ware. Swastika on under-side.
Rim diam 110 mm. Base diam 70 mm.
Height 75 mm. Found at N end.
Textile frags. Pettersson 1968. Preserved by
metal corrosion, c. 7 different woollen twills
and 2 different strings. Remains of dress,
shroud and bedding.
Bhr 1966:28 (SHM 32181:28/66.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 28/66.
Trotzig 1967)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Plan, sketch plan, section, 4 photo-
graphs.
191
Bhrl966
Ss: None preserved due Co cultivation.
Is: Cremation pic in che shape of an inhuma-
tion trench with a sandstone end slab at che
S end, 200 x 75 x 50 cm, 192°.
BD: Cremacion, c. 1 licre. 1 adulc prob male-
sex human. 1 dog. Decerminacions by Hans
Sellstedt (Trotzig 1967:184). Cremation
layer mixed wich the smaller finds.
Broad axe bead. Upward and downward haft
flaps. Slightly marked beard. Edge w 156
mm. Max 1 208 mm. Found on bottom in S
half, edge curned SW.
Lance bead. Pecersen cypeG. L cot 250 mm.
Max blade w 31 mm. Found on boctom in
N half, poincing S.
Penanndir broocb. Carlsson 1933 35:59;
type VAL:/G3 rak.:g?; per D. 2 frags, frame
complece, congue missing. Diam 65 mm.
Strap bucWe, Cf. WKG 11:128:3-5. Cast
bronze frame wich frontal procrusion and 2
separate axes. Trapezoid folded bronze sheet
fastening plate wich 2 rivets in corners and
] on mid-line near axis. Decorated with 2
2^oncencric doc-circles diam 3.5 mm, and
single wide edge lines. L tot 76 mm. Frame
w 26 mm. Scrap w 20 mm.
Strap joiner. Cf WKG 11:136:13- Feature-
less ring. 2 trapezoid folded bronze sheet
fastening places wich 2 rivets in corners and
] on mid-bne near ring. Decoraced wich 2-
concencric doc-circles diam 8.5 mm, and
single wide edge lines^ over which are riv-
eted U-shaped bronze ribs. Ring diam 27
mm. Place 1 32 & 23 mm. Strap w 15 mm.
Comb. Cf WKG II: ] 97:4. 4 frags. Double-
sided, cut from a single piece. Different cooth
gauge on the two sides. Central rib 3.5-5
mm wide.
Knife, Frag.
Iron staple. Prob from knife butc.
Strike-a-lightr Frag.
Scylbe blade. L from end to end 600 mm.
Max w 35 mm. Fojnd in fill along wall in
NE corner, poincing S.
Pot, Frags, complete, reassembled. Nearly
cylindrical with slightly widened belly and
base. Flat, slightly convex bottom. Coarse
and asymmetric. Unadorned. Grey, finely
tempered, 12 mm chick. Rim & base diam
105 mm. Heighc 76 mm. Found on bottom
in NW corner.
7 ornamental bronze rivets. Cf. WKG
11:139:9-10. Domed sheet heads, Diam 10
mm. Span 2 mm.
Bronze lump. Amorph.
Bhr I 966:29 (SHM 32181:29/66.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 29/66.
WKG 1:66)
Excavated by GuscafTroczig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, plan, sketch plan,
section, photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to culcivacion.
Is: Sandscone slab cisc wich multiple end
slabs at W end, 280 x 65 x 50 cm, 278°,
sandstone lid slabs and floor flakes. Coffin
of similar dimensions indicated by in situ
nails inside. Robbed chroughouc, lid slabs
in E half gone.
BD: Inhumation, completely decayed, head
prob orig at W end judging from find posi-
tions.
Amber amulet. WKG 1:66:5. Axe head-
shaped. Found in sec pos in fill at E end.
2 beads. WKG 1:66:3-4. 1 brl red. 1 fglob
indet colour.
Strap buckle. WKG 1:66:1. Frontal procru-
sion and palmetto base.
7 ornamental strap mounts. WKG 1:66:2.
Ch e vro n-s h aped .
Wooden vessel, WKG 1:66:6-7. Frag pre-
served on bronze sheet repair mounc folded
over rim and riveted through with a single
rivet, pljs 1 frag of an additional mount.
Fojnd in sec pos in fill at E end.
Pot. Frags. Hulthen 1991 #9, WKG 1:475.
Baltic Ware. Variant mark on under-side.
Rim diam l40 mm. Base diam 85 mm.
Heighc 1 25 mm. Found in sec pos in fill ac
E end.
>=17 coffin nails. Most found in situ along
walls.
7 bronze sheet frags,
Bhr I 966:30a (SHM 32181:30/66.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 30a/66)
Excavated bv Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: 2 phoco plans^ 2 skecch plans^ 4
photographs,
Ss: None preserved due to culcivacion.
Is: Sandscone slab cist, 190 x 50 x 45 cm,
180°. Coffin of similar dimensions indicated
by in situ nails inside. Located closely paral-
lel E of Bhr 1966:30b. Robbed throughout.
N end slab cut away by gravel pic, noneche-
less leaving coffin end's nails untojched.
BD; Inhumation^ no bones found, unknown
orientation.
Amber amulet. Vaguely trapezoid, but not
split at end. Cut from a disc-shaped bead.
21x12x9 mm. Found in NE corner.
Comb, 2 bronze comb rivets.
Knife. Frags. Fused with remains of leather
sheath wich cover mounc.
Knife hutt ring mount. Cf. WKG II: 1 87:8.
Ribbed ring held by case scaple wich profiled
loop scuck through curved bronze sheet cres-
cent. Ring diam 15 mm.
Knife sbeath cover mounc. Bronze sheec.
Fused wich knife.
Wooden vessel. Cup or bowl. Frag preserved
on bronze sheet repair mounc, folded over
edge and riveced through with >=4 rivets.
Wall 4 mm thick.
Pot, Hulthen 1991 #32. Baltic Ware. Frags,
incomplete. Horizontal lines on shoulder.
Coarsely tempered, black core, grey-brown
surface, 6 mm thick. Mark on under-side
according to Hulthen, but no bottom frags
preserved! Base diam 85 mm. Found in S
half
C. 9 coffin nails. Frags. Some found in situ
atN end.
Bhr 1966:30b (ATA 3341/2001
grave 30b/66)
Uncertain grave. Excavated byGustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans, 2 sketch plans, 4
photographs.
Ss; None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Possibly an inhumation trench, w45 cm,
180°. Located closely parallel W of Bhr
1 966;30a, defined by 1 extant standing sand-
stone slab in S end of W wall. Except S end,
cut away by gravel pit.
BD: Inhumation? No bones found.
No finds.
Bhr 1966:31 (SHM 32181:31/66.
ATA 3341/2001 grave 31/66.
Trotzig l99la:223-225)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Plan.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Sandstone slab cist, >265 x 70 x 50 cm,
241°, with sandstone lid slabs and floor
flakes. Coffin of similar dimensions indi-
cated by in situ nails inside. Most of SW
half cut away by gravel pit.
BD: Inhumation, only frags of lower legs
preserved, prob extended on back, feet near
NE end, head S"^
Amber amulet, Trotzig 199 la; 225, plate ]6f!
Axe head-shaped. Cut from a disc-shaped
bead. 18.7 x 12.1 x 12.0 mm. Found at the
rim of the brass bowl.
Brass sheet howl. Trotzig 1991a #l6.
Forshell 1992:65, t^le 5-8. Unadorned.
Diam 28.2-28.6 mm. Height c. 70 mm.
Found in N corner.
Insect remains. Pupae and larvae of flics,
Muscidae, Ophym leucostoma, Sw. flugor
192
Bhrl967
(Trotzig 1991:1:225. determined by Berndt
Odarp in 19S6). Found in brass bowl.
Pot. Trotzig 1991 a:225, plate l6e. HultKen
1991 #1, fig. lb. Baltic Ware. Complete.
Turned -out rim, barrel-shaped body, slightly
concave bottom. Wavy lines on shoulder,
horizontals below it. Variant mark on un-
der-side. Rim diam 135 mm. Basediam 115
mm. Height 135 mm. Fojnd near E cor-
ner.
C- 17 coffin nails. Most found in situ along
walls.
5 iron carpentry rivets. Found in E corner
behind pot.
Coffin ^vood. Thin strips^ max 70 x 25 mm.
Prob preserved beneath brass bowl.
Bhr 1967:01 (SHM 32623:1/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave 1/63-67)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, sketch plan, photo-
graphs.
Ss: Slightly oval mixed stone setting with
igneous stone kerb covered with sandstone
flake brim. Diam 1.85 x 1.70 m, 45°. Flat
and not visible above the turf.
Is: Cremation layer.
BD: Cremation c. 0.4 litres. 1010 g. 1 adult
indet-sex human. 1 adulthorse. 1 adult dog.
[Report VII, Svensson 2000.)
18 beads. Petre 1984 type P4. 10 amorph
green. 2 amorph tluc cobalt blue. 1 2-seg-
ment bronze. 1 ccb green, 1 amorph red, 1
amorph blue. 1 amorph red and tluc green.
1 amorph indet colour.
Iron strap buckle. Tapered tongue frag.
Comb. Cf \'ZG 1601. per VTr:3. 1 grip rib
frag. Single line-delimited lines of dot-circles
along edges. Found in 2000 by osteologist.
Bronze lump. Melted. L 1 1 mm.
2 iron carpentry rivets. Round heads, 1 ex-
tant rhomboid counterwasher. Span 14 mm.
Found in 1999 among bones.
8 iron frags. Flat. Featureless. Max 1 14 mm.
4 found in 1999 among bones. 1 found in
2000 by osteologist.
Unbutnt bones. Frags, c. 0.2 litres, S3 g. 1
adult ovicaprid. 1 seal tibia, prob Neolithic.
Bhr 1967:02 (SHM 32623:2/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave 2/63-67)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, sketch plan, photo-
graphs.
Ss; Mixed stone setting with igneous stone
kerb covered with remnants of sandstone
flake brim. Diam 1.45 m. Flat and not vis-
ible above the turf
Is: Cremation layer
BD: Cremation c. 0.7 litres. 504 g. 1 adult
indet-sex human. 1 adult dog. (Report VII.
Svensson 2000.)
Glass frag, Prob from sqjat jar. Cf SHM
463:1 & SHM 19224. Early Vendel Period.
Tiny, sharp-edged frag, 95 x 9 x 0.75 mm.
Pale blue. 1 horizontal thread of the same glass
on surface, <1 mm thick. Found in 1999
among bones. Prob secondary addition
judging from the difference in preser\'ation
compared to the badly burnt beads.
Round openwork brooch. KHN type S2c.
Cf VZG 903-906, per VII:2. Frag. Flat.
Diam c. 35 mm.
Duckbill brooch. KHN type G3. Warped
frag. 6 parallel ridges on bow.
Bronze hracteaie. Montelius 1869 type E.
Partly melted frags. Diam 36 mm.
>=2 fish-head pendants. KHN type S2g2.
Frags. 3 sets of triple lines. L c. 25 mm.
16 beads. Petre 1984 type P5. 5 amorph
green. 2 amorph tluc blue with white curved
longitjdinal stripes. 2 amorph tluc cobalt
blue. 2 amorph yellow and black. 2 amorph
indet colour. 1 fglob tluc blue with a white-
red-white equatorial belt. 1 amorph tluc
brown, 1 amorph yellow.
2 iron bead spacers. Frags. Rectangular iron
strips with >=5 holes holding small iron sheet
loop staples. 7-9 mm between holes. Max
extant I 31 mm.
Bronze chain (rags. Melted frags. 1 2 hnks.
Triangular cross-section. Link I 5 mm. Max
frag I 17 mm.
Composite tweezers. Frags, complete. Iron
with bronze sheet cuff. Orthogonally bent
jaws. No definite traces of any suspension
loop. L 62.5 mm. Max w 8 mm.
Comb. Cf. VZG 1991, per Vir:4. Frags, 9
grip rib + 1 tooth plate. Triple edge line.
Toward ends areas with crossing diagonal
triple fine lines delimited by areas with fine
transversal lines. Rust-stained rivet holes.
Iron loop mount. Flat, U-shaped, rivet holes
at ends. Fused with a rivet. l6x 15 mm.
>=6 iron carpentry rivets. Frags. Uncom-
monly large counter washers. Span I6 mm.
Iron fi-ag. Tiny. Found by osteologist in 2000.
Unbiirnt ovicaprid tooth. 2 frags. 1 adult
ovicaprid.
Stone Age flint frag. Found by osteologist
in 2000.
Bhr I 967:03 (SHM 32623:3/63-67.
ATA 061 2/2002 grave 3/63-67)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans^ 2 sketch plans^ photo-
graphs.
Ss: Mixed stone setting with igneous stone
kerb covered with remnants of sandstone
flake brim. Diam 2.0 m. Flat and not visible
above the turf. Superimposed upon Bhr
1967:23. A blank sandstone picture stone
(Nylen & Lamm 1987 #78, Lindqvist 194l-
1 942 group B. Early Vendel Period), c. 50 x
c. 27 cm, was found lying with its base 40
cm outside the west edge of the Ss level with
the kerb. Its association with either Bhr
1967:03 or 23 is slightly uncertain due to
nearby disturbance from a sewer.
Is: Central cremation deposit 37 s 26 cm^ l6°.
BD: Cremation c. 2.2 litres, 221 7 g. 1 adult
indet^ex human. 1 adult horse. Possibly 1
adult cattle. 1 adult dog. Possibly 1 adult
ovicaprid. (Report VII, Svensson 2000.)
Sword. 4 frags, point and tang-end missing.
Folded at >=3 points. Central blade groove.
Blade 1 >739 mm. Tang 1 >87 mm. Max
blade w 48 mm. Max groove w 25 mm. Max
tang w 27 mm.
Seax. W&G type SAXK. Complete except
for tang-end. Bent at 2 points into an S. L
tot >302 mm. Blade I 207 mm. Max blade
w 39 mm. Max tang w 24 mm. Blade back
offset 4 mm. Edge offset 8 mm.
2 iron scabbard lo opts. Frags. Finely wrought.
Asymmetrical. 1 iron rivet on either side of
loop.
Amber amulet. Untouched by fire and thus
placed in the grave after cremation. Axe-
shaped. Finely wrought. Beard axe with
downward haft-flaps. L 31.5 mm. W 10.5
mm. Edge I I6 mm.
Iron strap buckle, D-shaped frame with a
rectangular cross-section and a flnely moul-
ded tongue attached to the straight side. Orig
with iron sheet fastening plate folded over
frame, destroyed in conservation process.
Frame 22 x 1 6 mm. Plate w 1 8 mm.
Comb, 1 frag marked on plan and men-
tioned in field notes, but not entered into
finds hst. Not found in stores.
Knife. Frags. Blade-tang joint destroyed.
Incised triple edge line on sides along blade-
back. L tot > 1 60 mm. Max blade w 23 mm.
Max tang w c. 1 5 mm.
Iron swivel niounl. Sw. lekane. Frags. An
iron strip, tapered toward both ends, pierced
at the widest point by a rotating axis and
folded over. Axis ending with a loop, base
covered by a conical iron cuff,
>=4 iron strip mounts. Frags. Including 5
end-frags: 1 with corner-rivets^ 2 with single
rivets and 2 with single rivet-holes. W 7, 8,
9, 13, 14, 17, 21 mm.
Ornamental iron nail. Fire patinated.
193
Bhrl967
Slightly domed disc-shaped head, diam 25
mm. Off-centre capered stem i >16 mm.
5 iron carpentry rivets. Frags. Round heads,
rhomboid counter was hers. Head diam l6
mm. Span 10 mm.
Iron rod loop. Frag. Iron rod bent over
straight iron rod. W 8 mm.
2 textile frags. Tiny, rust-soaked. Coarse fab-
ric. Found by osteologist in 2000.
>400 iron frags. Tiny. Found by osteologist
in 2000.
Unbiirnt ovicaprid bones, 47 g. 1 adult
ovicaprid.
Bhr 1967:04 (SHM 32623:4/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave 4/63-67)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 2 sketch plans, photo-
graphs.
Ss: Mixed stone setting with igneous stone
kerb covered with remnants of sandstone
flake brim (fig. 7:5). Diam 2.0 m. Flat and
not visible above the turf.
Is: Cremation layer.
BD: Cremation c. 0.1 litres, 60 g. 1 adult
indet-sex human. [Report VII & IX, Svensson
2000&200!.)
Dtess pin. Mushroom head with 2 antitheti-
cal faces, Janus-like. Slightly prominent chins
and upper lips, possibly indicating beard and
moustache. Conical cuff with triple edge
line. L 43 mm.
Bead. 1 obi qconred. Found in 1999 among
bones.
Knife, 2 badly corroded frags. Found in
] 999 among bones.
1 bronze frag. Melted. Vague remains of cast
striation. Mas I 9 mm. Found in 1999
among bones.
2 bear phalanges. Found by osteologist in
2000.
Unbiirnt bones. A few frags.
Bhr 1967:05 (SHM 32623:5/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave 5/63-67)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 4 sketch plans, photo-
graphs.
Ss; Mixed stone setting with igneous stone
kerb covered with remnants of sandstone
flake brim. Diam 3.0 m. Flat and not visible
above the turf.
Is: Slightly off-centre (NE) cremation layer,
diam 110 cm.
BD:Cremationc. 2.5 litres, 2102 g. 1 adult
indet-sex hjman. 1 adulthorse. 1 adult dog.
1 adult goat. 1 juvenile pig. (Report Vll,
Svensson 2000.)
>=11 gaming pieces- Frags. Domed. 3 with
a shallow groove across bottom surface.
Diam 16-23 mm. Height 5.5-10 mm.
Umbo. W&G type SBA(2). Badly frag-
mented. Dome with narrowed base and
brim. Fused "with textile frags.
Composite umbo top disc, W&G type
SBA(2). 4 frags. Iron covered with thin
bronze-sheet. Thickened bevelled edge. Dis-
persed dot-circle punch ornamentation.
Diam c. 40 mm. Height 5.5 mm.
>=4 shield rivets. Frags. Domed. 1 with pre-
served iron stem, the others stained inside
with bronze corrosion. Diam 31-38 mm.
Iron strap buckle. Frags, tongue and most
of plate missing. Rectangular frame. Iron
sheet fastening plate pierced for tongue and
folded over frame. Int w 1 5 mm.
>=5 iron strip mounts. Frags. Rectangular
with rivets in corners and regularly placed
along mid-line. Including 7 end-frags: 4 with
rivets in corners and 28 mm apart on mid-
line^ 2 with rivet-holes in corners, and 1 with
a single rivet. 2 double-layer frags, span 3
mm. Iron and bronze rivets, span c. 9 mm.
W 12, 15, 20-24 mm.
Comb, Frags, 5 grip rib + 5 tooth plate + 2
end plate; 2 of them found by osteologist in
2000. Triple edge line, central longitudinal
rhomboid formed by double lines. Dot-circle
and triple and double edge line on end-
plates. 2 iron rivets preserved.
Iron utensil. Frag, only a finely moulded
pierced terminal-plate extant. Key or cos-
metic utensil? W9 mm.
Bronze slieet knife scabbard mount. Frags^
incomplete. Edge-mounts with U-shaped
cross -sect ion. Wider part with double edge
line.
Bronze sheet spangle. Domed. Diam 8 mm.
>=5 iron joint rivets. Frags. Paired iron sheet
rectangles joined at ends with single rivets.
C. 23 X 10 mm. Span 6-10 mm.
Iron rivets. 8 stem frags including 2 with
extant head frags. Stem diam 2-3.5 mm.
Head diam >8 mm. Mas extant 1 25 mm.
Iron sheet counterwasher. Round. Diam 24
mm. Stem diam 3 mm.
Iron sbeet counter waslier. Oval. l4 x 1 1
mm. Stem diam 3 mm.
Iron sbeet counter washer. Frag. Oblong
with 2 extant rivets. 25 x 7 mm. Stem diam
2 mm.
Ornate iron sheet irag. Triple edge line. L
41 mm.
3 iton rod frags. 1 hook-shaped. W 7 mm.
Max 1 25 mm.
l4 iron frags. Tiny, some fused with bone.
Found bv osteologist in 2000.
Textile frags. Fused with umbo frags. Twill,
12 threads/cm. Max frag I 25 mm.
Hazelnut shell. 1 carbonised frag.
12 bear phalanges. Juvenile bear.
1 lynx phalanx.
Unburnt ovicaprid bones. Frags, c. 0.3
litres^ 196 g. 2 adult ovicaprids. 1 juvenile
ovicaprid.
Bhr 1967:06 (SHM 32623:6/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave 6/63-67)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 3 sketch plans, photo-
graphs.
Ss: Mixed stone setting with igneous stone
kerb covered with remnants of sandstone
flake brim. Diam 2.75 m. Flat and not vis-
ible above the turf.
Is: Central figure 8 -shaped cremation layer,
c. 2 X 1 m, c. 23°, thickness c. 10 cm. Out-
side the kerb a pit with sooty fill and fun-
nel-shaped cross-section.
BD: Cremation c, 4.6 htres, 4l 10 g. 1 adult
female-sex human. 1 adult horse. 1 adult
dog. (Report VII, Svensson 2000.)
Arm ring. KHN type Q3e. 4 frags, incom-
plete. Cast spiral ridges. Tapered ends. Roun-
ded rectangular cross-section. Max thickness
2.3 mm.
Arm ring. KHN type Q3a. Cf. VZG 1 042,
1549-1551, perVII:2-3. 2 frags, incomplete.
Punch ornamented bronze sheet, animal-
head terminals. No sign of thickened ends,
but uncertain. Mas head w3.5 mm. Max w
1 mm.
Chain holder. Cf. VZG 1016-1022, per
VII:2. Frags, reconstructible. Trapezoid.
Double edge lines and 2-concentric circle
punches along sides. Upper edge broken off
and equipped with a secondarv hole. Orig 4
holes along lower edge, 2 holding chain frags.
21 X 16 mm.
Iron dress pin. Frags. Head missing. Extant
1 62 mm. Found fused with textile remains
which were destroyed in conservation pro-
cess.
2 bronze bracteates. Montelius 1869 lype
E. Frags^ badly incomplete, including 2 stri-
ated loops. No part of the motif preserved.
Loop 1 5 & 7 mm.
>=4 fish-bead pendants, KHN type S2gl.
Frags. >=2 sets of triple horizontal lines. L c.
1 8 mm.
105 beads. Petre 1984 type P4. 39 amorph
green. 26 brl red. 6 amorph red. 5 amorph
red or orange. 5 amorph yellow. 5 amorph
white. 4 brl orange. 4 obi qcon red. 2 brl
194
Bhrl967
red or orange. 2 obi cyl limestone. 1 brl yel-
low. 1 f^lob red. 1 fglob green. 1 obi pen-
tagonal cross^ecci on yellow. 1 amorph blue.
1 amorph red with 3 black + white horizon-
tal belts. ] amorph pale green with 1 eqja-
torial red - white - tluc blue eye.
9 bronzechain frags. Triangular cro5s -section.
Identical to the frags on the chain holder. 1
of them found by osteologist in 2000. Max
frag 1 20 nini. Link I 3 mm.
Openwork disc. KHN type S2al . Cf VZG
97S, per VII :2. Frags. Central ring diam l4
mm.
Iron strap buckle, W&G type GU7. Rect-
angular iron sheet fastening plate pierced for
tongue, folded over oval iron rod frame and
riveted through in corners. Plate w 1 9.5 mm.
L tot 36 mm.
Iron tweezers- Frags. Tapered strip with or-
thogonal jaws. Max w 6 mm.
Comb. 3 frags, I grip rib + 1 comb case + 1
tooth plate. Double edge line on grip rib.
Triple and double lines on either side of
comb case. Rust stained rivet hole in tooth
plate. Found by osteologist in 2000.
Bronze key. Frag, only bit preserved. Or-
thogonal S-shape. 3 prongs. Punch orna-
mented with 3 punches: dot-circle^ triangle,
dot. Bit 1 40 mm.
2 iron keys. Frags. Orthogonal S-shape. 2
& 3 prongs respectively. 2-prong bit 1 39
mm.
3-4 silver sheet spangles. Frags. Domed.
Remains of an unknown substance inside the
smallest one. Diam 6 & 8 mm.
Ornamental bronze rivet. Frag. Type used
to fasten inlay on disc-on-bow-brooches.
Head with bevelled edge and sunken top
surface with a central depression. Diam 9
mm.
Bronze sheet cylinder rivet. Frag. Extant 1
7.5 mm.
Bronze rivet. Warped frag. Comb-style.
1-2 bronze sheet counter washers, 2 rectan-
gular end frags with single rivet-holes.
9 iron carpentry rivets. Frags. Round heads,
rhomboid counter was hers. Head diam >15
mm. Span 11 mm.
Iron rivet. Round head, round counte r washer.
Head diam 13 mm. Span 7 mm.
3 bronze frags. Melted lumps, 1 of them found
by osteologist in 2000. Max 1 29 mm.
4 iron frags. Tiny. Found by osteologist in
2000.
2 lynx phalanges. Found by osteologist in
2000.
Unbiirnt bones. 23 g. 1 adult ovicaprid. 1
anatid bird [i.e. a surface feeding duck), co-
racoid, prob Neolithic.
Bhr I 967:07a (SHM 326 23:7 a/63-67.
ATA 061 2/2002 grave 7a/63-67)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 1 plan, 3 sketch plans^
section, photographs.
Ss: Mixed single-layer stone setting with
large-stoned, mainly igneous stone kerb.
Diam 7.15 m. Flat. Possible sacrificial de-
posit outside N edge, see Bhr 1967:30. S
half damaged and half of kerb missing.
Is: 2 off-centre stone cists (a & b). a: Off-
centre (E) hmestone slab cist, 210 x 110 x
55 cm, 0°. Robbed throughout^ but more
thoroughly in the N half, leaving a 40 x 20
cm transversal artefact scatter 30 cm from S
end of cist. This assemblage is probably
mixed as bones from two individuals were
found here and none in Bhr 1967:07b.
BD: Inhumation, 2348 g, disturbed, head
orig oriented N. Bones from Bhr 1967:07b
possibly dumped in cist by looters. 2 adult
male-sex humans, one of them 25-35 years
old, one of them stature c. 175 cm. (Report
VII &IX, Svensson 2000 & 2001.)
12 ganiingpieces. Steeply domed. Tiny cen-
tral depression on bottom surface. Diam 11-
12 mm. Height 6.5-7.5 mm. Found in a 20
cm diam concentration near the SE corner
of the cist^ except for 1 found 15 cm N of S
artefact scatter.
2 button clasp pairs. Frags, complete except
for one missing end-button. Identical. 2x3
buttons a pair. Bronze with gilded ornate
caps [cf VWG 537 right, per Vl:2) on cen-
tral buttons and silver sheet top discs on end
buttons. Central buttons diam 23.5 mm.
End buttons diam 5 mm. Plates 33-34 x 12-
13 mm. Found with preserved textile frags
in S artefact scatter, 1 pair clasped.
Strap buckle. Type smbwide. Cf VWG 4S6-
437. per VI:2. Composite. High frame,
tongue and transversal rectangular fastening
plate, held together by a bronze axis. Cen-
tral triangle and single edge hne on plate.
Single bronze rivets at ends with remains of
rectangular bronze sheet counter was her.
Plate 33 X 9 mm. Strap w l4 mm. Rivet span
2 & 3.5 mm. For a purse lid? Found with
textile impressions in corrosion, obliterated
in conservation process. Found in S artefact
scatter.
Strap retaining mount. Cf VWG 520, per
VI:2. Excellently preserved. Double edge
hne. 17x lOx 10 mm. Found 70 cm N of S
artefact scatter.
2 ornamental silver sheet strap nioimts. Iden-
tical. Each consisting of 2 identical rectangu-
lar plates with squares removed at 2 adjacent
corners, held together by 4 domed-head sil-
ver rivets. Double edge line. 30.5 x 10.5 mm
& 31.5 X 10.0 mm. Span 2 mm. Found to-
gether in S artefact scatter.
Ornamental strap mount. Bronze, front sil-
ver-plated with a gilded ornamental panel.
Chip-carved Nydam leaping-dog ornament.
2 rivet lugs at one end with globular-head
bronze rivets. Broken off at the other end
and apparently put to secondary use as a
strap mount with 2 domed head-rivets in
new rivet holes drilled in the corners. 35.5 x
l4 mm. Found in sec pos immediately out-
side the S end of the cist,
Stripjoiner. 2 slightly trapezoid bronze sheet
plates held together with 4 corner-rivets. l4
X 12 mm. Span 3 mm.
Strap end mount. Type smesword. Cf VWG
48M32, textfig. 133, per Vl:2. Frag. Un-
adorned. Single rivet through strap slot. W
at end 6 mm. Extant 1 25 mm. Found in S
artefact scatter.
Staple ring. Non-cavetto ring held by bronze
strip staple with orthogonally splayed ends.
Ring diam 10 mm. Span 4.5 mm.
Iron carpentry mount frags. Frags. Pierced
by >=3 orthogonally bent nails^ span 8 mm,
with points bent and hammered back into
wood. Found in S artefact scatter and 20^0
cm N of it.
Knife. Frags^ badly incomplete. Max tang w
14 mm.
Strike- a-li gilt. Frag including a finely wrought
spiral terminal.
Pol. Fig. 10:24. Frags, partly reconstructible,
top missing. Finely tempered grey ware with
black burnish, 5 mm thick, at shoulder.
Turned-out rim^ neck, shoulder, bulb, flat
bottom. Shoulder marked by a 5 mm line-
delimited diagonally line-hatched belt.
Stamp ornamented with 3 stamps. Above the
shoulder-hne 3 lines of stamps: a spiral ^,
repeated to form a leaping-dog pattern; a4-
line rounded Z, repeated to form a twisted
coil pattern; a 4-line concentric semicircle
stamp placed centre up, repeated. Below the
shoulder-hne a further line of the semicircle
with hanging triangular fields of the same,
cf VWG 619. Found scattered through the
fill with a centrally placed concentration in
the N half of the cist.
Pottery. A single shard of black burnished
ware stamp ornamented with single large
cross-hatched triangles.
Iron object. Frag. Fused with wood remains.
Cylindrical stem widening slightly into a part
195
Bhrl967
with rectangular cross -sect ion. Extant 1 25
mm. Found in 1999 among bones.
Textile frags. Very fine fabric. Preserved on
button clasps. Max frag 1 20 mm.
Leather frag. Preserved by bronze corrosion.
Folded. Mas I 3 mm.
3 beaj phalanges. Unknown position.
Unhiirnt animal hones, I ovicaprid. 1
hedgehog.
Bhr 1967:07b (SHM 32623:7b/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave 7b/63-67)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, sketch plan, 2 sections,
photographs.
Ss: See Bhr 1967:07a.
Is: 2 off-centre stone cists [a & b). b: Off-
centre (NW) sandstone slab cist, 1 90 x 95 x
65 cm^ 357°. Robbed throughout.
BD: Inhumation^ destroyed. No bones col-
lected here: they had possibly been dumped
in Bhr 1967:07a by the looters.
Strap joiner. Cf VWG textPig. 26, per VI; 1 .
Cast rectangular bronze frame with 2 slots
for straps. 30 x 21 mm.
Comb. Cf\^WG 218-221, per Vl:l. Eroded
surface. Single-piece. Dot-circles above teeth
near ends and on back. Corner-corner 1 80
mm. W from base of teeth 32 mm. Max
thickness 1 1 mm.
Wooden rod. Cylindrical with an orthogo-
nally thickened end. Split along its length,
held together by a transversal bronze rivet
and a bronze strip nailed onto the surface.
No sign of 3ny knife tang. Diam c. 20 mm.
Extant I 77 mm.
Pot. Fig. 10:25. Frags, reconstructible. Finely
tempered grey ware with black burnish^ 6 mm
thick at shoulder. Turned-out rim, neck,
shoulder, bulb. Handle, Double horizontal
hne marking shoulder. Stamp ornamented
with 4 stamps. Above the shoulder-line a belt
delimited with a triple line, containing a zig-
zag pattern, each angle marked by a stamp
with a rounded clockwise swastika-outline in
a circle, these connected by a rectangular
stamp with 6 pairs of opposed tiny triangles.
The upper part of the bulb below the shoul-
der-fine is covered with a diagonally placed
square stamp consisting of 4 squares, each
consisting of 3 lines, each rotated 90° in rela-
tion to its neighbours, forming a basketwork
pattern. This zone is delimited below by a
double horizontal Hne. Single swastika-circles
with small dot-circles below this line. Rim
diam c. l45 mm.
Bhr I 967:08 (SHM 32623:8/63-67.
ATA 061 2/2002 grave 8/63-67)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 3 plans, photographs.
Ss: Oval mixed stone setting with igneojs
stone kerb covered wdth remnants of sand-
stone flake brim. Diam 2.4 x 1 .75 m, 322°.
Flat and not visible above the turf Partly
superimposed upon burnt layer extending
NE under Bhr 1967:09.
Is: Central cremation layer.
BD: Cremation c. 2.4 litres, 1783 g. 1 adult
female-sex woman. I horse. 1 ovicaprid.
(Report \ai & IX, Svensson 2000 & 2001 .)
Arm ring. KHN type Q3e. Frags. Cast spi-
ral ridges. Tapered ends. Max thickness 2.5
mm.
Disc-on-bow brooch. KHN type E2a2. Cf.
VZG 343, 850, 852, per V1I:2. Frags in-
cljding round bow-disc, oval foot terminal-
disc. Cast line and punched ornamentation
on bevelled edges. Bow-disc punch orna-
mented along edges of back-side. 2 bevelled
edge head bronze rivets. Discs diam 36 &
21 mm.
Round openwT>rlt broocli. KHN type S2c.
Cf, VZG 91 1, per Vll:2. Frag. Domed. Diam
30 mm.
Chain holder. Frags, incomplete. Bronze
sheet. Lines of punched dots.
>=8 fish-head pendants. KHN type S2gl.
Frags. 3 sets of triple incised hnes. L 17 mm.
3 bronze spiral beads. Egg-shaped spiral
beads of beaded bronze wire. L 7^5 mm.
Bronze spiral head. Frag. Cylindrical spiral
bead of plain wire.
82 beads. Petre 1984 type P4. ISbrlred. 18
amorph green. lObrl orange. 8amorph white.
6 bri green. 6 amorph yellow. 4 oblong
hexagonal cross-section green. 3 l^lob green.
3 amorph red. 2 oblong qcon red. 2 brl red
with white-black-yellow-black-white equato-
rial belt. 1 fglob yellow. 1 fglob orange.
Bronze chain frags, C. 60 links. Triangular
cross-section. Max diam 4.5 mm. Max frag
1 l6.5 mm.
Iron strap buckle, D-shaped rod frame with
remnants of fastening plate pierced for
tongue and folded over straight frame edge.
Int w 16 mm.
4 iron strip mounts. Frags. Rectangular with
rivet holes along mid-hne and in corners.
W 15, 15, 20, 23 mm.
Comb, Frags, 1 grip rib + 2 tooth plate. Triple
edge line and parallel triple-hne. 1 bronze
rivet.
2 bronze utensils, VZG per VII; 1-3. Butt-
end frags^ cast winged loops with 1 preserved
dot-circle ornamented ccb cuff. Prob from
keys or cosmetic utensils.
Iron key? Angled rod frag, cross-section rect-
angular at one end and round at the other.
Knife. Blade frag. Max extant blade w 15
mm.
8 bronze sheet spangles. Frags. Domed. 4
diam 10 mm + 4 diam 3 mm.
Bronze rod frag. Warped. Tapered with a
hook at one end. Possibly the pin of one of
the brooches. Extant I <30 mm.
2 iron carpentry rivets. Disc-shaped heads^
rhomboid counterwashers. Head diam 21
mm. Span ^ mm.
Iron object. Frag. C. 40 mm diam disc with
a central stem inserted into and fused with
remnants of a 14 mm long iron sheet cyhn-
der.
Iron frag. Tiny. Found bv osteologist in
2000.
Fossil. Bead-like crinoid-stalk segment.
Diam 4 mm.
7 bear phalanges. 2 of them found by osteo-
logist in 2000.
2 lynx phalanges.
Unburnt oiicaprid hones. Frags, c, 0.1 litres,
49 g. 1 ovicaprid.
Bhr 1967:09 (ATA 0612/2002
grave 9/63-67)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 2 sketch plans, section,
photographs.
Ss: Single-layer igneous stone setting with
igneous block kerb. Diam 2.1 m. Flat and
not visible above the turf Partly superim-
posed upon Bhr 1967:15. Partly superim-
posed upon burnt layer extending SW un-
der Bhr 1967:03. SE edge covered by Bhr
1961:34.
Is: Central sandstone slab cist 55 x 45 x 30
cm, 305°. with intact sandstone lid flakes
{fig. 3:1 1). No sign of grave robbing.
BD:-
No finds.
Bhr 1967:10 (ATA 0612/2002
grave 10 & 26/63-67)
SsofBhr 1967:26.
Bhr 1967:1 I (SHM 32623:1 1/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave I I /63-67>
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 2 sketch plans, section,
photographs.
Ss: Single-layer igneous stone setting. Flat
and not visible above the turf Damaged and
incompletely exposed.
Is: Sandstone slab cist l60 s 50 s 35 cm. 6°,
196
Bhr 1967:07
Fig. 10:24. Bhr I 967:07a. Drawings by Cecilia Bonnevicr.
! â– â– ..
fLtPie
Fig. 10:25. Bhr I 967:07b. Drawing by Cecilia Bonnevier.
197
Bhrl967
with sandstone lid slabs [fig. 3:1 1). N half
robbed after the body's partial disarticula-
tion while the interior was still free of earth.
BD: Inhumation, prob crouched on sin side,
head orig at N end. Disturbed. Only one
foot and lower leg left in situ at E wall. Bones
not found in stores.
Gaining piece. Pointed dome. Diam 13.5
mm. Height 9 mm.
Comb. Troizig 1997:125-126 & fig. 6. Cf
VWG 226. per VT:1. Exquisitely wrought
and one side excellently preserved. Single-
piece. Double edge hne ornament. A single
3-concentric dot-circle on each side, middle
circle 4 times as wide as the inner and outer
ones. 1 tooth replaced in antiquity. 84 x48
X 1 mm. Found at sin foot.
Bhr 1967:12 (SHM 32623:12/63-67.
ATA 0612/2002 grave 12/63-67)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 2 sketch plans, photo-
graphs.
Ss; Destroyed igneous stone setting.
Is: Limestone slab cist 80 x 45 x 45 cm, 343°,
with collapsed limestone lid slabs (fig. 3:1 1,
6:7). Bhr 1967:13 secondarily joined to E
side. This assemblage possibly includes some
material from Bhr 1967:13 in view of the
child's bones found.
BD: Cremation c. 1.2 litres, 706 g. 1 adult
prob female-sex human. 1 indet-sex human,
5-l4 years old. (Report VII & IX. Svensson
2000 & 2001.)
Glass heaket. Cf the Snartemo finds, per
VI. 171 g. Melted lumps, badly crizzled. Pale
green. 2 mm threads of the same glass set
closely parallel on surface below rim and at
varying intervals further down.
>=45 gaming pieces. Steeply domed. Diam
8.5-11 mm. Height 4-6 mm.
Strap huckle. Fig. 10:20 A. Type smbova3.
Frame and tongue slightly fire damaged. Cast
frame, tongue and fastening plate joined by a
bronze axis. Frame shaped like a Jew's harp.
Flat trapezoid Schildtorn plate on tongue-base
between the legs of the frame. Low frame.
Plate cross-section rectangular except for back-
end with semicircular cross-section. Cast
single rivet stems with round counter was hers
at ends of plate. Orig I tot c. 55 mm. Plate w
8 mm.
Strap mount. Warped. Cast bronze, shaped
like a shallow rectangular box with one side
missing. Unadorned. 2 bronze rivets along
the open side. Probably trimmed down pur-
posely from a larger mount or the break
would have crossed the rivet holes and been
less neat. Oblong polyhedral rivet heads. 16
X 9 X 3.5 mm. Span 3 mm.
Strap end mount. Fig. 10:20 B. Castbronze^
bevelled edges^ strap slit with single bronze
rivet. Possibly orig sword-shaped bjt now
cut at an oblique angle with neatly bevelled
edge. 28 x 6.5 mm.
Strap retaining mount, Cf VWG 202-205.
520, per VT:l-2. Frag. Bronze sheet. W 7
mm.
Bronze wire staple loop. Loop diam 5 mm.
Span 5 mm.
Comb, Fig. 10:20C. 2 frags. 1 of them found
by osteologist in 2000, complete except for
teeth. Single-piece comb with extremely
narrow grip. Very fine teeth: 1 1.4 teeth/cm.
2 edge hnes on grip. 3 hnes on back. L 39
mm. Max grip w 6 mm.
Ornimental bronze rivet. Disc -shaped head
with bevelled edge, off-centre stem, round
bronze sheet CO unte r washer. Head diam 8.5
mm. Span 4 mm.
Bronze rivet. Frag. Identical to the ones on
the strap mount.
Bronze rod frag, Warped. 18x2 mm.
Unbiirni ovicaprid hone. 1 adult ovicaprid.
mandible.
l4 bear phalanges. 1 of them found by os-
teologist in 2000.
Bhr I 967:1 3 (SHM 32623:13/63-67.
ATA 061 2/2002 grave I 3/63-67)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans. 2 sketch plans, photo-
graphs.
Ss: Destroyed igneous stone setting.
Is: Limestone slab cist 70 X 50x45 cm. 343°.
with collapsed limestone lid flakes (fig. 3:1 1.
6:7). Secondarily joined to E side of Bhr
1967:12. Possibly robbed. Bhr 1967:27 lo-
cated at E side and possibly containing some
material from Bhr 1967:13.
BD: Cremation 1.5 htres, 829 g. 1 indet-
sex human, 5-l4 years old. I seal, prob
Neolithic. (Report VHI, Larsson 2000.)
Strap buckle. Type smbquadl.CfVWG 145-
147, per VI: 1. Rectangularbevelled frame cast
in one piece with rectangular fastening plate.
Single bronze rivet with counten\'asher through
plate. L tot 22 mm. Plate w 8 mm. Span 3
mm.
Pot, Fig. 1 0:26. Frags, complete. Finely tem-
pered grey ware, 5 mm thick at shoulder.
Turned-out rim, neck, shoulder, bulb, flat
base. Hollow handle. Shoulder marked by a
5 mm hne-delimited diagonally hne-hatched
belt. Stamp ornamented with 3 stamps.
Above the shoulder 4 stamped belts: a run-
ning dog pattern made up of a mirrored 9-
shaped stamp with a 2-concenfric dot-circle;
a twisted cord pattern made up of a 4-line
S-shaped stamp; another running dog belt;
and a belt of 3-line semicircles. Below the
shoulder belt, hanging triangles made up of
the semicircle stamp. Semicircles, twisted
cord and continued hatched belt on handle.
Rim diam 105 mm. Wax bulb diam 175
mm. Bottom diam 95 mm. Height 150 mm.
Shoulder height 102 mm. 2 frags found at
surface.
Unhurnt ovicaprid bone, 1 frag. 1 juvenile
ovicaprid, metacarpal.
Bhr 1967:14 (SHM 32623:14/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave 14/63-67)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 3 sketch plans, photo-
graphs.
Ss: Igneous stone frame along edges of cist,
max diam 1.5 m. Flat and not visible above
the tjrf
Is: Sandstone slab cist 80 x 55 x 50 cm, 348°,
with collapsed sandstone lid slab (fig. 3:1 1).
BD: Cremation c. 4 litres^ not found in
stores, only a few frags found among the
artefacts have been analysed. Cremation layer
with remains of round bone container diam
23 cm in N part. 1 human. 1 dog. [Report
Vlil & IX. Larsson 2000 & Svensson 2001 .)
2 gaming pieces. Frags. Domed. Diam >1B
mm. Height >8 mm.
Sword. Frags. Folded at one point. No grip
parts. Found along E wall with point toward
SE corner Not found in stores.
Lance head. Type L5. Complete but cor-
roded. Slightly curved. Lancet shaped.
Socket does not extent onto blade. Trans-
versal rivet through socket. L tot 2b3 mm.
Blade 1 1 82 mm. Rivet 42 mm from socket
base. Max blade w 34 mm. Found in NW
corner along \C wall pointing N.
Umbo. W&G type SBAl. Cf VZG 622-
625, perVlLl. Frags, reconstructible. Coni-
cal with integral top spike, slightly narrowed
base with sloping sides and brim. Remains
of top-disc on spike. 5 rivet holes in brim, 1
with extant bronze rivet. Brim diam c ISO
mm. Base diam c. 120 mm. Height c. 75
mm. Neck height 13 mm. Fused with tex-
tile frags on originally inaccessible inside
surfaces, indicating that it was wrapped in
fabric after it had collapsed. Found in SW
corner.
3 bronze shield rivets, 1 fused with umbo +
1 complete + 1 frag. Disc-shaped heads. Off-
centre stems. Square bronze sheet counter-
198
Bhrl967
washers. Head diam 19, 19, l6mm.Sp:in9
12, 12mm.
Shield rivet- Disc-shaped head. Central
stem. Head diam 25 mm. Span >15 mm.
Handle comb. Frags, 2 composite + 3 grip
rib + 1 end plate + 1 cooch place. 2-concen-
tric doc-circles on handle. Double edge Hne
on handle, grip ribs and end-places. Dotced
semicircles along upper edge. Single bronze
rivets.
Comb. 2 grip rib frags. Triple edge line, at
one point changed to single by a diagonal
line. Crisper and finer lines than on the
handle comb.
Bronze sheet spangle. Domed. Diam 5 mm.
Height 2.5 mm.
7 iron rivets. Frags. Flattened ends^ 1 with
rectangular iron sheet counterwasher. Seem
diam 3-4 mm. Span 9-12 mm.
Iron strip frag. W 8 mm. Excanc I 25 mm.
Tescile frags. Fused wich umbo and uniden-
tifiable iron sheet frags. Fish-bone cwill. 12
threads per cm. Mas frag 1 55 mm.
4 hear phalanges.
Bhr 1967:15 (SHM 32623:15/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave 15/63-67)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Pjcdoc: Phoco plans, seccion.
Sb: Covered by che area's concinuous arcifi-
cial scone layer.
Is: Pear-shaped cremacion layer 125 x 100 x
10 cm with mixed stone cover (fig. 3:11).
SEend covered by kerb of Bhr 1967:09.
BD: Cremation c. 2.4 hcres. Bones not found
in stores.
Comb. Frags^ 3 grip rib + 1 tooth plate.
Triple edge line. Rusc-scained rivec holes
along single line.
Iron strip mount. 2 end frags with single
rivets. Possibly a counterwasher or part of a
joint rivet. W^ 9 mm. Excant 1 37 mm.
Iron rivet. Flattened ends. Span 8 mm.
4 iron slieec frigs. Max 1 13 mm.
fu^
I d El Ji El A Elinl
Fig. 10:26. Bhr I 967:1 3. Drawing by Cecilia Bonnevier.
Bhr 1967:16 (ATA 0612/2002
feature 16/63-67)
No burial indicacions. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan.
Amorphous single-layer igneous scone clus-
cer 1 05 X 60 cm. Flac and noc visible above
che turf.
No finds.
Bhr 1967:17 (SHM 32623:17/63-67.
ATA 061 2/2002 grave 17/63-67)
Excavated bv Gustaf Troczig.
Picdoc: Photo plans.
Ss: Covered by the area's concinuous arcifi-
cial scone layer.
Is: Hearth-like cremacion pic wich stones,
diam 40 cm.
BD: Cremation. 0. 1 hcres, 38 g. 1 prob adult
indet-sex human. (Report Vlll, Larsson
2000.)
5 bronze sheet frags. Burnt. Max I S mm.
Found bv osteologist in 2000.
Bhr I967:l8a,b (SHM 32623:l8a,b/
63-67.ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave I 8a,b/
63-67)
Excavated by G us caf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, plan, 5 sketch plans,
section, phocographs,
Ss: Mixed amorphous stone cover. Flat and
not visible above the curf
Is: Mixed block and slab cisc 225/150 x 70 x
45 cnv 355°, wich collapsed sandscone lid
slabs. N end covered by Ss of Bhr l%7:20a.
The N end was prob robbed ac chis occasion.
A '-'^
B a
7
Fig. 10:20. Bhr I 967:1 2. Scale I :l . Drawings by Stefan Kayat.
199
Bhrl967
:is evidenced by the silver fibula frags and the
single pottery shard. Subsequently; at the
burial of Bhr 1967:18a, theS part of the cist
was opened and a secondary sandstone end-
slab set over the chest of b, bringing the cist's
internal length down to 150 cni,
BD: 2 consecutive burials.
a. Inhumation^ 216] g. Contorted posi-
tion; head turned sin, sin hand on dx
hip, knees drawn up sin. Placed on top
of h's sin side with head on b's heart re-
gion. 1 adult female-sex human, stature
c. 156 cm. (Report Vll, Svensson 2000.)
b. Inhumation, 2312g. Extended on back,
sin hand at side» dx hand on femur, feet
at S end of cist. T adult male-sex hu-
man, 45-49 years old^ stature c. lS2cm,
wear-induced pathologies on spine. [Re-
port VII, Svensson 2000.)
Burial a:
Crossbow fibula. Type fibcb. Cf VWG
367-369. perVl:2. Excellent condition.
Iron axis. L 55 mm. W^42 mm. Found
at chin.
20 beads. 4 bicon amber diam 11,1 2.5,
14, 20 mm. 3 fglob red. 2 fglob vellow.
2 ^lob pale blue. 2 fglob amber. 1 obi
bicon amber 1 6 x 9.5 mm. 1 brl amber.
1 disc amber diam 24.5 mm. 1 f^lob
tluc cobalt. 1 bicon red with 1 yellow
equatorial eye. 1 bicon bronze open ring.
1 cyl lead. Found in neck region.
Bronze ring. Cast with rounded rhom-
boid cross-section and off-centre hole.
Diam 9 mm. Found in neck region, prob
worn on be ad -string.
Iron rivet. Corroded stem frag. Fused
with transversal wood frags. Span l6
mm. Found in 1999 among bones.
Iron frag. Corroded lump. Max 1 20
mm. Found in 1999 among bones.
Burial b:
Silver Rhula. Type fibrel. Frag, only or-
namental plate extant, orig prob sol-
dered onto foot. Spade-shaped with cast
chip-carved spiral ornament, gilding and
niello; cf X'^G 355 per VI:2. W 21.5
mm. L 23 mm. Found at sin shoulder.
Silver wire ring. Open. Finely beaded. Flat
be\'elled back-side. Prob from an axis ter-
minal, head knob or bow disc on the
fibula, cf AEG 494. VWG 35, per V:2-
VI: 1. Diam 13 mm. Found at top of head.
Silver wire cuff. Finely beaded. Semi-
circular with 2 unadorned flat tapered
curved legs. Prob from fibula. Diam 5.5
mm, Prob found in the cranial region.
Silver sheet cylinder. Open along one side
with obliquely rounded ends. Orna-
mented with a central transversal triple
line and a double line at each end. Possi-
bly from fibula. 15.5 x 4 mm. Found N
of head.
Bronze sheet cylinder. Open along one
side. Tapered and slightly curved. Un-
adorned. Prob of the same function as
the silver sheet cylinder judging from the
similar dimensions. l6 x 4 mm. Un-
known position.
Fibula. Type fibwidel. Excellent condi-
tion. Mushroom knob on head. Short
bronze axis without terminals. Octago-
nal bow cross-section. Semicircular foot.
Transversal double line on bow and foot.
L 37 mm. Max w at foot 10.4 mm.
Found at top of head.
3 beads. 2 fglob yellow diam 5 mm. only
1 found in stores. 1 fglob red diam 10
mm. Found at top of head.
Silver wire book and eye clasp pair,
Hines 1993 class A. Cf \'\VG textfig.
196. per Vr:2. Spiral-rolled disc-like
ends. Spiral diam 1 1.5-13.5 mm. L 25
& 26 mm. Max wire diam 1,8 mm. ta-
pered ends. Hook found at dx elbow,
eye at dx side of head.
Silver wire double eye. Hines 1 993 class
A. 2 loops and spiral-rolled disc-like
ends. Spiral diam 7.5 & 8.0 mm. L 17
mm. Max wire diam 1.2 mm. tapered
ends. Found centrally at abdomen.
2 button clasp pairs. 3 buttons each with
unadorned disc-shaped heads. Bronze
sheet plates. Both of the catch-pieces are
modified from longer ones orig with 4
buttons and a centrally placed catch,
leaving the catches off-centre and rudi-
mentary rivet holes in one of them. The
hook-pieces have central hooks and seem
to retain their original shape. This indi-
cates that hook-pieces had to be replaced
more often than catch-pieces due to
breaking hooks, and that old catch-
pieces were modified to suit fashion.
Hook-piece 1 24 mm. Catch-piece I af-
ter reworking 23-24 mm. Orig catch-
piece 1 28 mm. Button diam 3 & 4.5
mm. Found at outer sides of knees.
Knife- Complete. Remains of wooden
handle. Blade I 137 mm.Tangl40 mm.
Max blade w 21 mm. Max tang w 14
mm. Blade back offeet 3 mm. Edge off-
set 3 mm. Found centrally on pelvis
pointing sin, edge turned headwards.
broken apart in antiquity with pieces
overlapping.
Pottery. 1 turned-out rim shard. Finely
tempered grey ware, 4 mm thick, black
burnish. Rim diam c. 130 mm. Found
at N end of cist.
Uncertain provenance:
Iron sheet cuff Made from an iron sheet
rectangle. Oval ext cross-section. Rect-
angjlar int cross-section. 11 x 10 x 6
mm. Found in sieve.
Iron ring. Frag. Diam 20 mm. Found
in 1999 among bones.
Bhr 1967:19
There see no finds or archive materials asso-
ciated with this featjre number.
Bhr 1967:20 (SHM 32623:20ab/63-
67. ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave 20ab/63-
67)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 3 sketch plans, section,
photographs.
Ss: Single-layer mixed stone setting made up
of stones placed in neat concentric circles,
with sandstone kerb. Diam 3.05 m. Flat and
not visible above the turf At S outer edge of
kerb a sandstone slab cist 50 x 25 x 10 cm
with a bottom slab and one side open to-
ward the kerb, containing only 3 neatly
placed spherical igneous stones. E half of
kerb missing.
Is: Central sandstone slab cist 65 x 60 x 50
cm, 18°.
BD: Cremation c. 0.5 litres, 246 g. 1 adult
or mature indet-sex human. 1 ovicaprid.
(Report VIII, Larsson 2000.)
Fibula. Type fibrel. 2 warped frags, bow
missing. Head cfVWG 38, 54-57,358-359,
per VI:l-2. Foot cf VWG 25. 40. 359. per
VI;l-2. Short hidden bronze axis without
terminal knobs. Punched double dot edge
line on head. Simple chip-carving on foot.
Punched dot-circles on foot protrusions.
Fibula. Frag, head badly damaged, bow and
foot missing. Head prob as VWG 30-32, per
VI; 1. Trapezoid bow cross-section.
Dress pin. Type dphdisc. Cf V\VG 80 &
383, per VI: 1 -2. Flat head with a horizontal
groove. L 49.5 mm.
2 beads. 2 amorph blue.
Strap buclde. Type smbovalb. Cf VWG
157-159, per VT:1. Warped, plate incom-
plete. Oval frame cast in one piece with rect-
angular fastening plate. Single edge line on
plate. 1 extant bronze rivet on mid-line of
plate. Plate w 15 mm.
Bronze sewing needle. Flattened head with
oval hole. L 45 mm.
200
Bhrl967
Pot, ] /4 vessel, rim missing. Grey, finely tem-
pered ware, 4 mm thick at shoulder. Neck,
rounded shoulder, bulb, flat bottom, traces
of handle. Unadorned. Max bulb diam 1 10
mm. Bottom diam 75 mm. Shoulder height
59 mm. Tot height >74 mm.
Unburnt seal bone. 1st phalanx^ posterior,
with a dorsal cut mark, prob Neolithic.
Unburnt frog hones, Prob modern.
Bhr 1967:21 (SHM 32623:21/63-67.
ATA 0612/2002 grave 21/63-67)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, sketch plan, photo-
graphs.
Ss: Mixed stone setting with sandstone kerb.
Diam c. 1.5 m. Flat and not visible above
the turf. Damaged by house construction.
Is: None extant, probably completely de-
stroyed.
BD:-
Pottery, Fig. 10:27. 9 frags with 2 pairwise
fits. Reddish grey finely tempered ware^ 3
mm thick at shoulder. Vessel with neck and
shoulder. Stamp ornamented with 2 extant
stamps. Shoulder marked by 5 mm line-de-
limited diagonally line-hatched belt. Below
this a row of 3-concentric circles joined
pairwise by hanging 3-line semicircles.
Bhr 1967:22 (ATA 061 2/2002
feature 22/63-67)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, sketch plan, photo-
graphs.
Ss: Amorphous mixed stone cluster. Flat and
not visible above the turf Damaged by house
construction.
No flnds.
Bhr 1967:23 (SHM 32623:23/63-67.
ATA 061 2/2002 grave 23/63-67)
Excavated by GusirafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, sketch plan, photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to the construction
of Bhr 1967:03. A blank sandstone picture
stone [Nylen & Lamm 1987 #78, Lindqvist
1941-1942 group B, Early Vendel Period),
c. 50 X c. 27 cm, was found lying with its
base 20 cm SWof the trench, level with the
kerb of Bhr 1967:03. Its association with
either Bhr 1967:03 or 23 is slightly uncer-
tain due to nearby disturbance from a sewer.
Is: Oval cremation pit 135 x 65 cm, 312°,
with stones. SE half covered by Bhr 1967:03.
BD: Cremation <0.1 litres, 19 g. 1 indet-
age indet-sex human. (Report VIII, Larsson
2000.)
Unhurnt ovicaprid bones. 52 g. 1 adult
ovicaprid.
Bhr 1967:24a (SHM 32623:24a/63-
67.ATA 061 2/2002 grave 24a/63-67)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, sketch plan, photo-
graphs.
Ss: Single-layer igneous stone setting with
kerb. Diam 1.9 m. Flat and not visible above
the turf E edge superimposed upon Bhr
1967:24b.
Is: Cremation layer. This assemblage incor-
porates material from Bhr 1967:24b, as
shown by the comb frags.
BD: Cremation c. 0.5 litres, 404 g. 1 adult or
mature indet-sex human. 1 adult ovicaprid.
1 seal, prob Neolithic. {Report VlII, Larsson
2000.)
Class beaker, Straume 1 987 type IV, per
C3-D1. Cf Eggers 1951 #233. 59 g.
Melted lumps. Pale green. Parallel oval
grooves^ >40 x 8 mm, ground into sjr-
face in 3n off-set pattern.
>=21 gaming pieces. Frags^ 4 of them
found by osteologist in 2000. Domed.
Diam 14-16 mm. Height 6.5-8 mm.
Openwork dis:. KHN type S2al. Cf
VZG 145S, per VI1:3. Incomplete.
warped and partly melted frag. 2 double-
sided eagle's heads discernible. Line or-
nament on frame.
Bronze sheet cylinder. Open along one
side. Double edge lines at ends. 31 x 5
mm.
Iron sheet frag. One straight side. Max
1 28 mm.
2 iron rod frags. Badly corroded. Rect-
angular cross-section. L tot 40 mm. W
5 mm.
Unbiitnt hones. C. 0.2 litres, 176 g. 1
adult horse. 2 adult ovicaprids.
Uncertain provenance;
2 comb frags. 2 frags, 1 handle + 1 tooth
plate. From the comb in Bhr 1967;24b.
Found by osteologist in 2000.
Bhr 1967:24b (SHM 32623:24b/63-
67.ATA 061 2/2002 grave 24b/63-67)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans^ 3 sketch plans^ photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved due to the construction
of Bhr 1967:24a.
Is: Limestone slab cist 90 x 55 x 40 cm, 35 1°.
Partly covered by the Ss of Bhr 1967:24a.
BD: Cremation c. 0.6 litres, 332 g. 8 cm
thick cremation layer. 1 adult indet-ses hu-
man. 1 seal, prob Neolithic. (Report VlII,
Larsson 2000.)
Gold finger ring. Beckmann 1969 type 16,
cf Kent Andersson 1993b:62-63. Made
from a rod with rectangular cross-section and
tapered ends tied into a disc-shaped spiral
knot. Ext diam 20 mm. "Weight 1.7 g.
Handle comb. Frags, 1 composite + 1 grip
rib + 2 tooth plate. Double edge line. Droop-
ing "horns" on cither side of handle. Tooth
plates widened at teeth. Single bronze riv-
ets. 2 frags of the same comb found in Bhr
1967:24a.
Gold sheet frag. Featureless. Oval. Sx6mm.
Unhurnt horse bones. 98 g. 1 adult horse.
Bhr l967:2Sabd(SHM 32623:25
abd/63-67.ATA 061 2/2002 grave
25 abd/63-67.Trotzig 1980)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, sketch plan, photo-
graphs.
Ss: Bed-shaped rectangular neatly dressed
sandstone slab frame 225 x l40 cm measured
internally, 18°, with raised corner posts and
internal selected igneous stone shingle cover.
Not visible above the turf W side-slabs and
corner posts missing. S half of interior dam-
aged at construction of Bhr 1967:25c.
Is: Cremation layer.
BD: Cremation, c 0.3 litres, 229 g. 1 indet-
age indet-sex human. I horse. 1 adult
ovicaprid. 1 seal, prob Neolithic. 1 fish^ prob
Neolithic. (Report VIII, Larsson 2000.)
Glass heaket. Cf theSnartemo finds, per VI.
107+76=183 g. Meltedlumps. Pale green. 3
mm threads of the same glass set at varying
intervals on surface. 76 g found in sec pos in
Bhr 1967:25c.
Gold finger ring. Beckmann 1969 type 1 1,
Kent Andersson !993b:56-57 type 11 var
lb, Eggers phase C3. 3 melted frags. 3 ridges
separated by two fields each of 2 lower and
thinner ridges. Found in E half Not found
in stores.
FibQla,Typefibwidel.Cf VWG 10-14, 17,
23-24, perVLl. Polyhedral knobs. Integral
punch ornamented disc on bow. Triangular
foot. L 55 mm. W30 mm. Found immedi-
ately outside SE wall-slab.
>= 14 beads. 8 ccb due deep blue, cf VWG
106, per Vl:l. 3 oblong ccb tluc blue, cf
VWG 106, per VI; 1. 2 %lob gold foliate. 1
Iglob deep blue. Found in E half 4 identical
beads prob orig from this grave found in Bhr
1967:25c.
201
Bhr 1967:21
Fig. 10:27. Bhr 1967:21 . Drawing by Cecilia Bonnevicr.
Strap buckle- Type smbova3.Cf:VWG l64,
254, 572, 573, cexcfig. 32, per Vl:l-2. Cast
frame, tongue and fastening plate held to-
gether with a bronze axis. Bronze washers at
ends of axis. Openwork plate with two back-
to-back styhsed animals. Herringbone inlay
band on plate at hinge. Part of plate missing,
apparently due to wear. Orig 4 domed-head
ornamental rivets, 1 extant. Counter was hers
missing. L tot 74 mm. Plate w 28 mm. Found
in W half
Strap buckle. Type smbova3. Cf \^WG 1 63
& 165, per VI: 1. Slightly warped. Cast frame,
tongue and fastening plate held together with
a bronze axis. Openwork fastening plate with
4 pairs of opposed semicircles. Single incised
edge line. Strongly profiled tongue. Orig 4
rivets at corners^ joined pairwise with bronze
sheet counter washers. L tot 61.5 mm. Plate
w ] 6 mm. Found in E half
2 strap ring mounts. Cf VWG 1 94, per VI: 1 .
] warped, 1 frag. Bronzesheet fastening plates
folded over non-ca\'etto rings. Punched dot-
circles in upper corners. Plate 17x9 mm.
Ring diam 1 0.5 mm. Found in E half
Strapjoiner, Cf VWG l63, l65,perVI;l.
Identical to the one found in Bhr 1967:25c.
Frags. 2 openwork fastening plates each with
4 pairs of opposed semicircles, joined with a
hinge. Single incised edge line. Orig4 rivets
at corners of either half, joined pairwise with
bronze sheet counter washers. Plate w l6
mm. Found in E half
3 strap retaining mounts. Type smrecast. Cf
VWG 181-132, per VI:1. 2 identical + 1
with line ornament. 1 with remains of
counter was her. Strap w >]6 mm. Span 4
mm. Found in E half
Strap end mount. Type smedisc. Cf AEG
517, per V:2: VWG 129-139, per VI:1.
Warped. Spoon-shaped. Punch ornamented
with a dot-circle on the spoon-blade and
semicircles along edges. 2 rivets on mid-line.
L 42 mm. W 8 mm. Found in E half
Comb, Cf.VZG 417418, per VII: 1. Frags,
3 grip rib + 4 tooth plate^ 2 of them found
by osteologist in 2000. Triple edge line on
grip ribs and end-plates. 1 extant dot-circle
3(. edge hne.
Bronzf sheet vessel. Melted frags. Triangular
edge cross-section. Found in E half except 3
found immediately outside SE wall-slab.
Iron rivet. Stem frag. Found in E half
2 Stone Age flint frags. Found by osteolo-
gist in 2000.
Bhr I 967:25c (SHM 32623:25c/63-
67 .ATA 06 I 2/2002 grave 2Sd63-67.
Trotzig 1980)
Excavated by G us taf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans^ sketch plan, photo-
graphs.
Ss: Amorphous igneous stone cover. Raised
sandstone slab outside N corner of cist. Slab
oriented 18°, parallel to the sides of Bhr
l%7:25abd. Top broken off.
Is: Limestone slab cist 95 x 35 x 60 cm. 349''>
with sandstone lid slabs. Cut into S half of
Bhr 1967:25 abd. Rhomboid in shape in def-
erence to theS end -slabs of Bhr 1 967:25 abd.
BD: Cremation c. 0.9 litres, 574 g. 1 juve-
nile or adult prob male-sex human. 1 horse.
1 adult dog. 1 adult seal, prob Neolithic. (Re-
port VIII, Larsson 2000.)
Strap buckle. Fig. 10:2! ATypesmbovalb.
CfV\C^G 157-160, per Vl:l. Oval frame
cast in one piece with rectangular fasten-
ing plate. Punch ornament on plate, dot-
circles at corners and semicircles along
edges. 4 rivets in corners of plate. L tot
47 mm. Plate w 14 mm.
Strip joiner. Fig. 10:21 B. Frags. Cf
VWG 163, 165, per VI;]. Identical to
the one in Bhr 1967:25abd. 2 openwork
fastening plates each with 4 pairs of op-
posed semicircles, joined with a hinge.
Single incised edge hne. Orig4 rivets at
corners of either half, joined pairwise
with bronze sheet counter was hers. Plate
wis mm.
Strap joiner. Fig. 10:21 C. Bronze sheet
rectangle with rivets at corners, held
pairwise by bronze sheet counterwashers.
Rivets bent to either side by stress. 13 x
10 mm. Span 2 mm.
2 staple rings. Fig. 10:21 D. Cavetto rings
held by bronze staples fixed through ta-
pered trefoil bronze sheet fastening plates
with rivet holes at ends. Fastening plates
curved as if the rings had been affixed to a
(yhnder. Ring diam 10 mm. Span 3.5 mm.
Pol. Fig. 10:21 E. Frags, complete. Me-
dium-finely tempered ware, grey surface,
brick-red core, 4 mm thick at shoulder.
Turned-out rim^ neck, angular shoulder.
202
Bhr 1967:25c
bulb, flat bottom^ handle. Stamp orna-
mented with 2 5tamp5 and I blunc tool.
Beltdeliniited by the shoulder and a moul-
ded rib on the lower neck^ containing 3
horizontal lines of the blunt cool inter-
rupted by a whid^:ircle. Shoulder diago-
nally striated for a twisted -cord effect, the
rib less elegandy so with the blunt tool. A
single horizontal line of the blunt tool
above the rib. Solid handle with single edge
lines of the blunt tool. 3 impressions of a
stamp with 3 concentric circles below
handle. Rim diam 120 mm. Shoulder
diam l40 mm. Bottom diam 75 mm.
Height 142 mm. Found intact on side in
SE corner of cist.
Iron nail. L >35 mm. Head diam 1 2 mm.
2 Stone Age flint (rags. Found by osteo-
logist in 2000.
Uncertain provenance:
Glass frags- 76 g of the same kind of
glass as that found in Bhr 1967:25abd,
apparently orig from that grave but
found in Bhr 1967:25c.
4 beads. 3 oblong ccb tluc blue, cf
\^WC 106, per Vl:l. 1 ccb tluc deep
blue, cf \'WG 106, per Vl:l. Identical
to the ones in Bhr 1967:25abd, prob-
ably orig from that grave but found in
Bhr 1967:25c.
2conihfrags. 1 tooth plate frag, 1 tooth
plate frag pierced with a bronze rivet +
1 loose rivet. Not found in stores. Found
in Bhr 1967:25c but possibly orig from
Bhr 1967:25abd, judging from the scar-
city of comb frags in Bhr 1967:25 c.
Bronze sheet vessel frags. Badly burnt
frags of the same hind as those found in
Bhr 1967:25abd, apparentiv orig from
that grave but found in Bhr 1967:25c.
Max frag I 47 mm.
Bhr I 967:26 (SHM 32623:26/63-67.
ATA 061 2/2002 grave 10 & 26/63-
67)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans^ 2 sketch plans^ photo-
graphs.
Sk Stone setting with sandstone kerb. Orig
diam c. 2 m. Almost completely destroyed.
Only two kerb stones remained, on the E
edge. Orig superimposed upon S edge of Bhr
1967:44.
Is: Central rectangular cremation pit 80 x 60
X 30 cm^ 76°, with bunched sandstone edge
flakes at W end and sandstone lid flakes (fig.
3:11). Possibly a damaged and re-sealed cist.
BD: Cremation c. 1 litre, 618 g. 1 adult or
mature indet-sex human. 1 horse. [Report
VIII, Larsson 2000.)
Conih. Type combedg. Brynja 1998 type IILA
Frags, 5 grip rib + 3 tooth plate^ 4 of them
found by osteologist in 2000. Double edge line.
Bronze sheet vessel. Frags. Thickened and
turned-out rim.
Silver-plated htonze sheet disc. Fire dam-
aged. 1 silver-plated side. Featureless. Diam
25 mm.
Icon sheet frag. Max I 14 mm.
Worked wood frag. Found immediately be-
neath the lid. Discarded.
2 bear phalanges.
Unburnt ovicaprid bones. A few frags, 5 g.
1 juvenile ovicaprid.
Unhornt fish bone. 1 vertebra^ prob Neolithic
B
Fig. 10:21. Bhr I 967:25c. Scale 1:1
except for pot. Drawings by Stefan
Kayat, except for pot by Cecilia
203
Bhrl967
Bhr 1967:27 (SHM 32623:27/63-67.
ATA 061 2/2002 grave 27/63-67)
Escavaced by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Pl:in.
Ss: Covered hy the area's continuous artih-
cial scone layer.
Is: Oblong dark deposit 140 x 55 cm. Joined
toEwallofBhr 1967:13.
BD; Cremacfon, a few frags, 13 g. Possibly
intrusive, origfrom Bhr 1967: 13i' 1 human.
[Report VIII, Larsson 2000.)
Strap ring mount. Only ring preserved.
Cavetto ring worn on inside from a 6 mm
wide loop. Diam 16 mm. Possibly intrusive,
origfrom Bhr 1967:13?
Neolitbic pottery. Mentioned in fieldwork
notes but not enumerated in Trotzig's find
list. Apparently collected in the Neolithic
layer's excavation grid.
Bhr 1967:28 (SHM 32623:28/63-67.
ATA 0612/2002 grave 28/63-67)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 2 sketch plans, photo-
graphs.
Ss: Covered by the area's continuous artifi-
cial stone layer.
Is: Cremation pit 85 x 75 x 10cm [fig. 3:1 1).
BD: Cremation, a few frags, 38 g. 1 human.
(Report VIII, Larsson 2000.)
Iron strap buckle. Frags. Rectangular. No trace
of any fastening plate. Int w c. 20 mm.
Ornamental bronze rivet. Silver-plated disc-
shaped head with off-centre stem. Stem bent
with flattened end. Head diam 13 mm. Span
4 mm.
Bronze sheet countetwasher. Slightly funnel-
shaped from stress. Round. Diam 7.5 mm.
Bhr 1967:29 (SHM 32623:29/63-67.
ATA 061 2/2002 grave 29/63-67)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, sketch plan, photo-
graphs.
Ssi Covered by the area's continuous artifi-
cial stone layer. Modern post hole 40 cmSW
ofls. Cf. Bhr 1947:07.
Is: Cremation deposit 70 x 35 cm with a
few remaining surrounding igneous stones
(fig. 3:11).
BD: Cremation 5.1 litres, 4101 g. 1 adult
indet-sex human. 1 adult horse. 1 cattle. 1
adult dog. [Report VIII, Larsson 2000.)
>=21 gaining pieces- Frags, 15 of them found
by osteologist in 2000. Steeply domed with
bevelled lower edge. Oblique centra! hole
drilled from bottom. Diam 33 mm. Height
] 6 mm.
Sword, 1 frag including point. Blade base
and grip missing. Central blade groove.
Folded at >=2 points. Blade I >336 mm. Max
blade w 42 mm. Groove w 22 mm.
Seax. W&G type SAXl or SAX5. 2 badly
corroded frags, complete. Folded at 1 point
after removal of grip. Blade 1 >320 mm. Tang
1 >100 mm. Max blade w>30 mm. Max tang
w>]5 mm. Blade back offset 5.5 mm. Edge
offset indeterminable.
2 seax handle mounts. Bronze sheet cuffe
covered with iron corrosion products, 1
holding the tang-end of the seax which prob
passed through its top. Droplet-shaped cross-
section. Butt-mount pierced with 2 trans-
versal iron rivets holding a curved almond-
shaped iron knob on either side. Blade-ap-
erture w23 mm. W 32 & 35 mm. Attached
to seax when found.
Bronze sheet edge mounts. Frags. U-shaped
and orthogonal cross^ections. Extant 1 tot
250 mm. W 2.5-i mm. Span 1.5-2.5 mm.
Max frag 1 1 7 mm.
Iron sheet seax scabbard point mount. Pro-
filed outline. U-shaped cross-section. Ac-
cording to find list orig covered with bronze
sheet, no traces left post-conservation. Ex-
tant I 80 mm. Max w 13 mm. Span 4 mm.
Iron sheet seax scabbard edge moimts-
Frags. Folded, U-shaped cross-section, prob
for blade-side of scabbard. According to find
list orig covered with bronze sheet, no traces
left post-conservation. Extant I tot 267 mm.
W 8 mm. Span 3.5 mm.
Iron sheet seax scabbard edge moimtSr
Frags. Folded. Orthogonal cross -section^
prob for blade-back side of scabbardr Accord-
ing to find list orig covered with bronze
sheet, no traces left post-conservation. Ex-
tant I tot 222 mm. W 5 mm. Span 6.5-8
mm.
2 umbones. Badly fragmented. Similar if not
identical. Dome with narrowed base and
brim.
Umbo top disc, W&G type SBA(2). Iron
sheet disc with vertical hanging edge. Rhom-
boid counter-washer, orig riveted to umbo.
According to find list orig covered with
bronze sheets no traces left post-conserva-
tion. Diam 34.5 mm. Disc height 6.5 mm.
2 shield handles. Folded and badly frag-
mented. Similar if not identical. Tapered iron
sheet frags. Paired angular protrusions on
either side of handle and tapered ends.
1 1 shield rivets. Frags. Shghtly domed disc-
shaped heads. Several rivet stems off-centre.
Head diam 32-36 mm. Span 8-10 mm.
2 iron sheet spangles. Domed. Traces of a
soldered central square rivet-stem inside the
smaller one. Diam 27 & 24 mm.
Strap buckle. Cf VZG 290-293, per VII: 1.
Melted frag. Oval frame cast in one piece
with a rectangular fastening plate with a strap
slit and a central bronze rivet. Tongue held
by a bronze axis. L tot 26-27 mm. Plate w
l4 mm.
L-on strap buckle, W&G type GU7. Excel-
lently preserved with fire patina. Rectangu-
lar iron sheet fastening plate pierced for
tongue, folded over oval iron rod frame and
riveted through with 2 iron rivets along mid-
line. 1 domed rivet head. Plate w l4 mm. L
tot 31 mm. Span 2 mm.
hron strap buckle. Oval frame with tongue.
Prob missing orig fastening plate. Int frame
w 12 mm.
Strap mount. 4 warped frags. Curved bev-
elled edges^ hollow back-side. Finely moul-
ded chip-carved Style II ornament includ-
ing 1 head with a round eye and 1 droplet-
shaped haunch. Cast rivet stem on back-
side.
Bronze sheet mount. 4 frags. Triple edge
line.
Composite strip mounts. Frags, Bronze-
sheef-covered iron strips with central rivet
holes. Total sum 1 300 mm. Max frag I 60
mm. W 13 mm.
Comb, 5 frags, grip rib. Triple edge line.
Several comb-style bronze rivets,
hron swivel mount. Sw. lekane. Frags. An
iron strip, pierced by a rotating axis and
folded over, riveted through with >=2 riv-
ets. Axis ending ^th a hook holding the
remnants of an iron ring. Strip w 1 1 mm.
Iron sheet object. Frags. Folded at least
twice. Orig prob angled along a line parallel
to one straight side^ dividing the object into
a 101 mm wide rectangle and a >62 mm
wide semicircular flap. No sign of any holes,
rivets or nails. Bronze sheet strips folded over
edges. Orig I tot >235 mm.
Iron sheet object. Frags. Folded twice into
a compact amorphous lump. Pierced by
>=1 iron rivet. Possibly part of the above-
mentioned object but devoid of any bronze
trimmings. Orig dimensions >]70 x >100
mm.
Iron sheet object. Folded 3 times into a com-
pact triangular lump. Amorphous with 1
straight side. No sign of any holes, rivets or
nails. Possibly part of the abovementioned
object but devoid of any bronze trimmings.
Orig dimensions >190 x >l65 mm.
Iron sheet object. Frags. Folded several
times. Amorphous with 1 orthogonal bend
204
Bhrl967
along a curve, resembling the bottom-wall
joint of a bucket with straight sides. Part of
a vessel? No sign of any holes, rivets or nails.
Possibly part of the abovementioned object
but devoid of 3ny bronze trimmings. Orig
dimensions >210 x >I00 mm.
9 bronze sheet spangles. Domed. Probably
from heads of iron rivets. Diam 7-8 mm.
2 bronze ornamental rivets. Frags. Domed
head. Diam 3 mm.
Composite ornamental rivet. Iron rivet with
domed head covered by a bronze sheet
spangle. Head diam 8 mm. Span 1 1 mm.
21 bronze rivets. Several with rectangular
bronze sheet counterwashers^ 1 orig joined
to another by an oval counter washer. Sev-
eral comb-style rivets and loose counter-
washers. Span 5-12 mm.
Bronze sheet counterwasher. Disc-shaped.
DJam 10 mm.
3 iron carpentry rivets. Round heads, rhom-
boid counterwasher?. Head diam 14, 20^ 23
mm. Span 11, 10, 15 mm.
Gold filigree wire frig. Finely beaded wire
twisted into a 3-part cord. Slightly curved.
Straight 5 mm frag of more coarsely beaded
wire soldered along side. L 22 mm.
Bronze frags. C. 0.03 litres. Sheet frags and
amorph lumps. Very badly burnt^ with nu-
merous spherical melted drops. Max frag 1
36 mm.
Iron frags. C. 0.2 litres, mostly from um-
bones and other iron sheet objects.
9 bear phalanges. ! 7 frags,
Unbutnt ovicaprid bones. 6 g. 1 juvenile
ovicaprid.
Bhr 1967:30 (SHM 32623:30/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 feature 30/63-67)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan, plan.
Is: Artefact cluster 30 x 10 cm in the out-
side nook between two kerb blocks on the
N edge of Bhr 1 967:07. Sacrificial deposit?
1 bead, Cf VWG IO6, perVI:l. 1 oblong
ccb tluc cobalt blue.
Pot, Frags, incomplete. Coarsely tempered
dark grey ware, 6 mm thick. Turned -out rim,
neck, rounded shoulder, bulb. Unadorned.
Max bulb diam c. !90 mm.
Bhr 1967:31 (SHM 32623:31/63-67.
ATA 0612/2002 grave 31/63-67)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: -
Ss:-
Is: Artefact cluster with bone fragments.
placed on top of the area's continuous artifi-
cial stone layer. Diam 20 cm.
BD: Unburnt cranial frags and 2 long bone
frags, 71 g, cf Bhr 1957:01. 1 adult indet-
sex human. (Report Vlll, Larsson 2000.)
Animal-bead broocli, Carlsson 1983 35:66;
type 1.1. G; per A. Erroneously attributed
to Bhr 1967:02 in Carlsson's catalogue due
to mislabelling. L 45.5 mm.
46 heads. 9 bri white. 8 bri green. 7 fglob
white. 3 bri red. 2 bri blue. 2 p jmpkinblue.
2 fglob white with blue insides. 2 2-segment
blue silver foliate. 1 3-segment gold foliate.
1 2-segment gold foliate. 1 single-segment
gold foliate. 1 fglob tluc colourless. 1 pump-
kin tluc colourless. 1 fglob white with an
green incomplete polar stain. 1 fglob white
with a wavy tluc-red-tluc equatorial belt. 1
fglob white with 3 equatorial eyes, red pu-
pil^ radial black + white iris. 1 fglob white
with 3 equatorial eyes, blue-white concen-
tric pupil, red iris. 1 bri blue with 2 crossing
wa\'y red belts. 1 black + yellow wasp.
Bronze chain frag. 1 single link. Bronze
sheet. Possibly used as a bead. Width 3.5
mm.
Bhr I 967:32 (SHM 32623:32/63-67.
ATA 061 2/2002 grave 32/63-67)
Excavated by G us taf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, sketch plan, photo-
graphs.
Ss: None preserved, possibly due to garden-
ing activity.
Is: Limestone slab cist 60 x 40 x 35 cm, 336°,
with collapsed sedimentary stone lid slab.
BD: Cremation c. 2.7 litres, l420 g. 1 adult
female-sex human. 1 horse. 1 adult ovicaprid.
(Report VIII & IX, Larsson 2000 & Svensson
2001.)
Brooch. Fig. 10:22 A Cf VWG 367-374,
VZG 1, per V1:2-VII:1. This is probably the
previously missing typological link bet^^'een
the crossbow fibula and the proto-animal-
head brooch! Frag, only dx half of crossbar
and spiral arch extant. This mimicked a cross-
bow Hbula but with a false spiral forming a
decoratively ribbed cross-bar with a semicir-
cular arch. Arch cross-section triangular, ridge
punch ornamented with paired dots. Pin lost
but probably orig hinged. Orig axis 1 64 mm.
Dress pin. Fig. 10:22 B. Type dpmush. Cf
\'WG S3, 3S4-3S6, per VI: 1-2. Point miss-
ing. Mushroom head with a single-line cross
on top and a double-rib base cuff Extant I
53 mm.
18 beads, 6 amorph blue. 5 amorph red. 3
amorph yellow. 1 bri blue. 1 amorph black.
1 amorph tluc green. 1 amorph tluc cobalt
blue.
Strap huckle. Fig. 10:22 C. Type smbquadl.
Cf. VWG 145-147, per VI: 1. Frame miss-
ing. Rectangular frame cast in one piece with
unadorned rectangular fastening plate. 2
bronze rivets on mid-line of plate, each with
a round bronze sheet counterwasher Plate
24 X 13 mm.
2 strap ring mounts. Fig. 1 0:22 D. 1 whole
+ ] fragmented, orig identical. Rectangular
fastening plate with a line ornamented loop
folded over a cavetto ring and held on the
back-side by a rectangular bronze sheet
counterwasher. Single rivets at plate ends.
Single edge lines and central groove along
loop. Worn contact-surfaces. Plate 33 x 9
mm. Ring diam 14 mm. Span 2 mm.
Strap retaining mount. Fig. 10:22 E. Cf
VWG 202-205, 520, per \1: 1-2. Unadorned.
15x5x7 mm.
Strap end mount. Fig. 10:22F.Typesmesword.
Cf VWG 476-479. per\a:2. 2 warped frags
that fit together Sword-shaped with trapezoid
cross -section. Extant 1 45 mm. Max extant w
9 mm.
Comh. Fig. 1 0:22 G. Type combedg, Brynja
1 998 type I. Frags: 1 composite + 4 grip rib
+ 8 tooth plate. Reconstructible. Extremely
thick tooth plates, 4.5 mm. Grip ribs dis-
similar on one, double edge line, on the
other, only sets of dotted semicircles along
lower edge. Centrally placed on both grip
ribs a dot circle with 3 concentric raised
circles defined by grooves. 1 1 zigzag placed
bronze rivets, ! loose. Burnt grip rib 1 127
mm.
Pot. Fig. 10:22 H. 1/2 vessel, reconstruct-
ible. Grey, finely tempered ware, 4 mm thick
at shoulder. Tjrned-out rim, neck, bulb, flat
bottom. Unadorned. Rim diam 115 mm.
Max bulb diam 120 mm. Bottom diam 70
mm. Height at base of neck 64 mm. Height
85 mm.
Bronze rivet. Flattened ends. Span 2 mm.
12 bronze frags. Melted. Several from a cast
bronze object, prob the brooch. 1 with single
edge line ornament.
Wood frag. Traces of a rivet. Max 1 10 mm.
Unhurnt oiicaprid bones. A few frags, 13
g. 1 adult ovicaprid.
Bhr 1967:33 (SHM 32623:33/63-67.
ATA 061 2/2002 grave 33/63-67)
Excavated by Henrv Bendegard.
Picdoc: Photo plans, plans, section, photo-
graphs.
Ss: Igneous stone-built mound with earthen
205
Bhr 1967:32
"S ^
F s:^
B
Fig. 10:22. Bhr 1967:32. Scale I :l , except pot 1 :3. Pot reconstructed. Drawings by Stefan Kay at.
fill 3iid Igneous block kerb, diam 8.25 m,
height c. 1.5 m, surrounded by a 130 cm
wide single-layer mixed stone brim (fig.
3:1 1). Orig cot diam c. 1 1 m. Robber pit N
of centre.
Is: Central sandstone slab cist 175 x 95 x 60
cm, 348°, with single sandstone lid slab.
Sandstone covering layer on lid. N end of
lid slab broken off and cist robbed throush
openine.
BD: Cremation c. 1 litre, 276 g. Cremation
layer extending over N 120 cm of cist bot-
tom, 1 adult indet-sex human. 1 adult dog.
1 adult ovicaprid. (Report IX, Svensson
2001.)
Glass beaJcer. Straume 1987 type VIII vari-
ant I, per C3-D1. 1 1 g. Partly melted frags.
crizzled. Clear with blue surface decoration,
at least partly in the form of oval medallions,
delimited and decorated with ground grooves.
Found clustered at the middle of the E wall.
3 gaming pieces. Frags. Domed. Shallow
groove across bottom surface. 1 with a 8.5
mm diam depression in the middle. Diam
17-20 mm. Found clustered et the E wall N
of the glass frags.
Strap buckle. Cf AEG textfig. l69, perV:2.
2 frags. Badly corroded. Max w 27 mm.
Strap retaining mount. Cf AEG 551, per
V:2. Frag. Badly corroded. Cast transversal
fastening plate with rivet holes at ends. Plate
1 15.5 mm.
Comb. 1 frag, tooth-plate. Found at the
middle of the S end.
Bronze slieet vessel, Bjrnt frags. Profiled rim
with triangular cross-section. Maxfragl5] mm.
Most frags found clustered in NW corner
Pot. Fig. 10:23. Frags, reconstructible.
Turned-out rim, neck, shoulder, bulb, flatbot-
206
Bhrl967
Fig. 10:28. Bhr I 967:33. Drawing by Cecilia Bonne vier.
torn, handle. Medium -finely tempered brick
red ware. Sc:imp ornamented with 2 stamps.
Shoulder marked with a double horizontal
line. Above it :i zone delimited upwards by a
thin mouldings containing 2 antithetical hori-
zontal rows of a cogged crescent stamp. Be-
low the shoulder a zone delimited downwards
by a double line, filled with a basketwork pat-
tern consisting of a repeated square stamp
with 4 raised parallel lines. Below this zone
ornamentation made with double lines: sec-
tors with "hammocks". Handle line orna-
mented, not pierced. Rim diam 130 mm.
Mas bulb diam l66 mm. Bottom diam 75
mm. Height c. 155 mm. Found scattered in
N half of cist and over S half of mound.
Potcery. A single shard from another stamp
ornamented vessel. The shard is from the lower
edge of the side of a flat-bottomed vessel^ with
:\ii arrangement of cogged crescent stamp (not
identical to the abovementioned) and a stamp
with 2concentriccircles. Stray find in mound
f.ll.
Bronze rivet. 2 washers, 1 round diam 4.5
mm, I frag of a rectangular one w 2.5 mm.
Span 3.5 mm.
Bronze sheet counterwasher. Frag. Rectan-
gular. W 5 mm.
Bronze slieet object. Frag. 2 mm wide or-
thogonal frame. The only surviving side 1
ID mm.
2 bear phalanges. Found by osteologist in
2001.
Unbumt animal bones. Frags, 101 g. 1 adult
cattle. 2 adult ovicaprids. 1 bird. 1 fish, perch^
Perca fluviatilis. 1 fish, cod, Gadits morrhua.
1 grey seal. Found inS half of mound outside
cist, all probably residual Neolithic material.
Neolithic pottery. C. 75 frags. Found scat-
tered in fill.
Stone Age flint frag. Max I 28 mm. Found
by osteologist in 2001.
Bhr I 967:34 (SHM 32623:34/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 feature 34/63-67)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gjstaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan.
Hearth or cremation pit with bjrnt stone.
Diam 60-70 cm.
Burnt animal bones. C. 0.1 Ltres, 46 g. I
adult ovicap rid. 1 adult seal, p rob Neolithic.
(Report VIII, Larsson 2000.)
Unburnt seal bone. 1 frag, sacrum^ prob
Neolithic.
Bhr I 967:3S (SHM 32623:35/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 feature 35/63-67)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gjstaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plan.
A clover-leaf of 3 joined oval hearths or cre-
mation pits with burnt stone. Mas dimen-
sions 2.0 X 1.5 m.
Burnt bone frags.
Neolithic pottery. Mentioned in fieldwork
notes but not enumerated in Trotiig's find
list. Apparently collected in the Neolithic
layer's excavation grid.
Bhr 1967:36 (SHM 32623:36/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave 36/63-67)
Excavated by G us taf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 2 plans, photographs.
Ss: Slightly oval mixed stone setting with
igneous stone kerb covered with sandstone
flake brim. Diam c. 2.5 x 2.25 m, 303°. Flat
and not visible above the turf Superimposed
upon Bhr I967:4l. with artefacts from that
grave and at least yet 1 other found beneath
the kerb. W half damaged with kerb miss-
ing, prob due to quarry.
Is: Cremation layer.
BD: Cremation c. 0.4 litres, 329 g. 1 prob
adult indet-sex human. 1 horse. (Report
VIII, Larsson 2000.)
Sword. 6 frags^ complete with iron grip.
Folded at 9 points and tightly bunched
after removal of grip. Triangular pom-
mel, Petersen 1919 type H, W&G type
SP8. Cf VZG 2352. WKG II 219:4-5.
Central blade groove. Blade 1 826 mm.
Tang 1 130-170 mm. Max blade w 60
mm. Mas groove w 23 mm. Wax tang
w 29 mm. L upper hilt 92 mm. L lower
hilt 96 mm.
2 arrow beads. Rolled into compact
lumps. Lancet shaped. Tanged. Max blade
w 15 mm. L tot 1 10-120 mm.
2 iron strip mounts. Frags. Rectangular
with single rivets at ends. W 22 mm. L
>42 mm.
Knife. Frag, point and tang end miss-
ing. Folded at 2 points. Blade I >48 mm.
Tang 1 >34 mm. Mas blade w 12 mm.
Mas tang w 10 mm. Blade back offset 3
mm. Edge flush with tang.
Iron rivet. Frag. Oval iron sheet counter-
washer with stem frag. Washer diam 6
mm.
Unbutnt fish bone. 1 vertebra, probably
Neolithic.
Finds from beneath the kerb:
Strap ting mount. Cf VWG textfig. 32,
per VI:1; scabbard-mount Bemmann &
Hahne 1994 Abb. 13:1, Mollestad-
gruppe, o AD 350-400. Cast openwork
fastening plate with antithetical animal
heads with chip-carved maws. Rivet holes
marking animals' eyes. Punched tiny dot
edge lines. Single edge lines and 3 longi-
tudinal grooves on loop. Cavetto ring.
Plate I 30 mm. Ring diam 13.5 mm.
Found beneath kerb, and, judging from
207
Bhrl967
the type, belonging to a disturbed e:irlier
graue.
1-2 bronze slioet strap mounts, W&G
type RR3. Fr^gs. Rectangular with rivet-
holes in corners. Single edge line. Riv-
ets 3t ends joined pairwise with rectan-
gular bronze sheet counterwasKers. Orig
1 >22 mm. W 13 mm. Span 2.5 mm.
Found beneath kerb.
Composite strap mount. W&G type
RR3. Frags. Iron sheet rectangle covered
with bronze sheet folded over edges.
Double edge line. Rivet holes in corners.
Orig 1 >55 mm. W 13 mm. Found be-
neath kerb.
Pottery. 1 frag. From the vessel in Bhr
1967:41. Found beneath kerb.
8 iron rod frags. Some curved or angled.
Possibly from a strap buckle. 3^ mm
thick Max 1 21 mm. Most found be-
neath kerb.
Bhr 1967:37 (SHM 32623:37/63-67.
ATA 0612/2002 grave 37/63-67)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 2 plans, photographs.
Ss: Slightly oval mixed stone setting with
igneous stone kerb covered with sandstone
flake brim. Radial groove in the top of one
of the igneous edge stones. Diam 1.65 x 1.45
m, 303°. Flat and not visible above the turf
Superimposed upon Bhr 1967:4l.
Is: Cremation layer extending 20-30 cm
outside kerb^ partly covered by Bhr 1 967:38
& 39 and possibly Joined with Bhr 1 967:4 1 .
This assemblage possibly includes intrjsive
material, see bronze sheet frag below.
BD: Cremation c. 1.3 litres, 802 g. 1 adult
oruiature indet^ex human. I horse. I prob
cattle. 2 adult ovicaprids. (Report VlII,
Larsson 2000.)
Glass vessel. 10 g. Melted lumps. Green. In-
determinable vessel type.
4 beads. 4 amorph blue.
Strap mount. Cf VWG 504-510, perVl:2.
Frag from a buckle, joiner or ring mount.
Finely moulded animal head with almond-
shaped eves, rivet lug at muzzle and hollow
back-side.
Comb. Composite, indeterminable type. 2
tooth plate frags. Teeth thicker than upper
part of tooth plate.
Casket handle. Cf VWG 570-571, perVl:2.
Frags, incomplete. Openwork. 1 cavetto
staple extant.
Bronze key. Frag, most of handle missing.
Curved S^hape. 2 prongs. Square handle
cross-section.
Knife. Slightly curved. Double edge lines
along blade back. Blade 1 c. 1 25 mm. Tang I
>39 mm. Max blade w 19 mm. Max tang w
15 mm. Blade back offset 4 mm. Edge flush
with tang.
Knife. Frags. Bent at 1 point. Blade 1 indet.
Tang I c. 65 mm. Max blade w 1 6 mm. Max
tang w 13 mm. Blade back offset 3 mm.
Edge offset indet.
Bronze sheet frag. Curved. Triple-hne or-
nament. Possibly part of a fish-head pendant^
and, if so, most likely intrusive. Found by
osteologist in 2000.
3 bronze lumps. Amorph- Max 1 1 9 mm.
FossiL 2 frags. Spherical. Diam 26 mm.
6 bear phalanges,
Unbutnt bones. A few frags, 1 1 g. Ovicaprid
bones and 1 human frag^ prob from the cre-
mated individual.
Bhr 1967:38 (ATA 0612/2002
grave 38/63-67)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 2 plans, photographs.
Ss: Mixed stone setting with igneous stone
kerb covered with sandstone flake brim.
Diam 1.75 m. Flat and not visible above the
turf Superimposed upon the cremation layer
of Bhr 1967:37 and the S edge of Bhr
1%7;43.
Is: Central sandstone slab cist 30 x c. 20 cnv
301°, with sandstone lid slab. Built on top
of the outer kerb of Bhr 1967:43 with one
of its stones as a bottom stone. Thoroughly
robbed and partly collapsed.
BD:-
No finds.
Bhr I 967:39 (SHM 32623:39/63-67.
ATA 061 2/2002 grave 39/63-67)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 2 plans, photographs.
Ss: Mixed stone setting with mixed kerb.
Diam 2.5 m. Flat and not visible above the
turf Cut into theSs of Bhr 1967:40. Super-
imposed upon the cremation layer of Bhr
1967:37 and the SW edge of Bhr 1967:43.
W half damaged with kerb missing, prob due
to quarry.
Is: Central stone cist40x 25 cm, 9°. built with
sandstone slabs on sides and igneous stones at
ends and corners. Prob robbed. Contains in-
trusive material from Bhr 1 967:4 1 in view of
the pottery frag.
BD: Cremation c. 0.2 htres, 184 g. 1 adult
indet-sex human. 1 adult dog. 1 adult
ovicaprid. (Report IX, Svensson 2001.)
Comb, Prob Brynja 1998 type I, indeter-
minable grip rib ends. 3 frags, 1 grip rib + 2
tooth plate. Edge preserved of a single deco-
rative circle^ diam c. 10 mm. Teeth thicker
than upper part of tooth plate. Found by
osteologist in 2001.
Pottery. 2 frags. From the vessel in Bhr
1967:41.
Bronze frag^ Melted. L 1 6 mm.
2 bear phalanges.
Unhurnt ovicaprid bones. A few frags, 13
g. 1 adult ovicaprid.
Bhr I 967:40 (SHM 32623:40/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave 40/63-67)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, plan, photographs.
Ss; Mixed stone setting. Flat and not visible
above the turf. Superimposed upon the W
edge of Bhr 1967:43. Damaged at the con-
struction of Bhr 1967:39 and the house, and
incompletely exposed.
Is: Central stone cist 90 x 45 cm, 42°, built
with various sandstone blocks and igneous
stones. Prob robbed.
BD: Cremation c. 0.6 litres, 462 g. 1 adult
indet-sex human. 1 adult horse. 1 adult dog,
1 adult ovicaprid. (Report IX, Svensson
2001.)
Bronze cbain frags. 8 bronze sheet links. Dia-
gonal joints. Cross-section slightly ridged.
Link I 6.5 mm.
Knife. Badly corroded frags remaining in
May 1999- Measurements from photograph.
Blade I c. 70 mm. Tang 1 >35 mm. Max blade
w 15 mm. Max tangw 1 1 mm. Offsets indet.
Spindle wliorl. Bone or antler. Flatly cone-
shaped with concentric grooves and rem-
nants of a cylindrical profiled top-cuff Diam
28.5 mm. Height with cuff 8 mm.
Unhurnt ovicaprid bones. 2 g. 1 adult
ovicaprid.
Bhr 1967:41 (SHM 32623:41/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave 4 1 /63-67)
Excavated by G ustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Plan^ sketch plan.
Ss: None preserved, possibly due to con-
struction of later graves.
Is: Oval cremation pit 120 x 80 x 15 cm,
38°, with a 30 cm diam central bone con-
centration. Covered by Bhr 1967:36 & 37,
possibly joined with the cremation layer of
Bhr 1967:37. Apparently disturbed in view
of the pottery found in Bhr 196l:37 and
1967:36. 39 & 42.
BD: Cremation c. 1.2 litres, 733 g. 1 adult
male-sex human. (Report IX, Svensson 2001.)
Gaming piece. Domed. Pierced through
208
Bhrl967
edge, prob for use ss a pendant. Diani 20.5
mm. Height 6.5 mm.
Disc -on -bow brooch. EQ^N type E2a2-sm all.
Cf. VZG 1375-1376. per V1I:3. Wiirped :ind
slightly melted. Ivory inlay disc on foot ter-
minal. Punch ornamented with rows of singie
dots. Bronze fibuia-spirai pin construction.
L 60 mm. W 24 mm. Disc diam 20 mm.
2 proto -animal -bead brooches. KHN type
G4b. Same design but with slightly differ-
ent proportions. Line ornament. Bronze pins
heid by iron axes. L 31 & 28 mm. Axis 1 21
& 22 mm.
Utensil brooch. Uncertain type. Frag. Coni-
cal frame pierced for tongue. Cast striation
and punch ornament with 3-concentric
circles. Prob orig with a punch ornamented
animal-head protrusion, preserved in a par-
tiallv-meited state. Diam 35 mm.
Dtesspin. Mushroom head with double iine
cross and single sharply ridged cuff Double
line across stem. L 62 mm.
Silver spiral bead. Made from triangular cross-
section silver wire. L 19 mm. Diam 3.5 mm.
>=78 beads. Petre 1984 type P3 or P4. Very
badly melted and partly fused into lumps.
>=39 aniorph red. > = 16 amorph indet
colour. 13 wedge bri limestone. 2 cyl lime-
stone diam 12 mm. 2 cyl limestone diam 7
mm. 2 brl red. >=2 amorph tluc green. 2
obi cyl hmestone diam 8 mm of which one
was found by the osteologist in 2001.
Comb, Frags, 10 grip rib + 1 end plate + 8
tooth plate + 5 teeth; several of them found
by osteologist in 2001. Double edge line on
grip rib and prob end plate. Groups of 8 trans-
versal hnes. Iron rivets.
Knife. Well preserved with fire patina ex-
cept for tang. Tapered blade. Double incised
edge line along blade back on either side.
Fused with handle base mount. Blade 1 92
mm. Tang I >55 mm. Wax blade w^ 1 6 mm.
Max tang w 9 mm. Blade back offset 3.5
mm. Edge offset 3.5 mm.
2 knife handle mounts. Bronze sheet. Butt
mount warped. Droplet-shaped cross-sec-
tion. Base mount crenellated toward handle.
Triple edge line. Hat-shaped pommel on
butt-mount. Cross-section ]7x 11 mm.
Bronze sheet scabbud edge mount. Frags.
U-shaped cross-section. Fused with a line
ornamented sheet loop which prob orig fas-
tened the edge mount to the scabbard. Span
3 mm. Extant 1 tot 46 mm.
Pot. Fig. 10:29. Frags, incomplete, recon-
structible up to the shojlder. Coarsely tem-
pered ware, grey on the outside and terracotta
on the inside of the pot, 6 mm thick. Shoul-
der, straight inward-sloping wall with a
rounded transition to the flat bottom. Stamp
ornamented with 1 stamp. Ornamentation
in >=2 belts; >=36 mm wide covering shoul-
der and l4 mm wide along base; made up of
single-line-delimited belts diagonally hatched
in alternating directions, rows of stamped
circles diam 3.5 mm, single-line-delimited
i>a
a>
Fig. I 0:29. Bhr I 967:41 .Including pieces found in secondary position in nearby
graves. Drawing by Cecilia Bonnevier.
diagonally S-hatched belts with or without
knife-point prick filling, lines of knife-point
pricks and single lines. Shoulder diam c. l45
mm. Base diam c, 1 25 mm. Height >95 mm.
Found near SW end. Further frags found in
Bhr 1961:37 and 1967:36, 39 & 42.
Silver sheet spangle. Frags. Domed. Diam
4.5 mm. Height 2 mm.
3 iron carpentry rivets. Frags. Slightly domed
head. Rhomboid counter was her. Head diam
24 mm. Span 8-1 2 mm.
Fossil. Spherical. Diam 25 mm.
12 bear phalanges. 19 frags.
<=7 lynx phalanges. 7 frags.
Bhr I 967:42 (SHM 32623:42/63-67.
ATA 061 2/2002 grave 42/63-67)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, plan, sketch plan, pho-
tographs.
Ss: None preserved, possibly due to quarry.
Is: Sandstone slab cist 80 X 60 X 40 cm, Sr.
Wside missing, cut by quarry. Contains in-
trusive material from Bhr 1967:41 in view
of the pottery frag.
BD: Cremation c. 0.4 litres, 259 g. 1 adult
female-sex human. 1 adult hare. {Report IX,
Svensson2001.)
Glass vessel. 10 g. Melted lumps, crizzled.
Green. Indeterminable vessel type.
Fibula. 2 warped frags from bow and possibly
foot. Triangular bow cross-section, w 6 mm.
7 beads. 3 amorph paleblue. 3 amorph indet
colour of which one was found by the osteo-
logist in 2001. 1 amorph cobalt blue.
Strap end nioiuitr Unique. Warped frag.
Finely moulded openwork. Rhomboid cen-
tre-piece. Antithetical animal heads. Punch
ornamented on both sides with 0.75 mm
circles. Max w 25 mm.
Comb. Frags, 1 grip rib + 1 tooth plate. 1
comb -style bronze rivet, span 13 mm. Single
edge line with dotted semicircles. Single edge
lines on top edge of grip rib. 3 transversal
lines on top edge of tooth plate.
Pottery. 2 frags. From the vessel in Bhr
1967:41.
2 bronze lumps. Melted. Max I 15 mm.
2 bear phalanges.
Unburnt oiicaptid bones. A few frags, 10
g. 1 adult ovicaprid.
Bhr I 967:43 (SHM 32623:43/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 grave 43/63-67.
Lamm&Axboe \9B9AS\-ASS)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, plan, 2 sketch plans,
photographs.
209
Bhr 1967:43
Fig. I 0:23. Bhr 1 967:43. Scale 1:1, except bracteate 4: 1 and flower 5: 1 .
Drawings by Bengt Handel.
210
Bhr 1967:43
£1" ^ -'""■" ^
Fig. 10:23. Bhr I 967:43.
Drawing by Cecilia Bonnevier.
Ss: Stone setting with dojble neatly dressed
sandstonekerb, dian"i4. 15 m, w50cni, circle?
] 0-20 cm apart. Neatly dressed sandstone in-
ner stone circle, diam 2.55 m. The stones of
the circles had been dressed to fit ofF-site and
many marked at the ends by the stonemason
to facilitate their assemblage at the burial site.
They were collected and stored at the GF.
Remains of igneous stone central cairn inside
inner stone circle. The space between the
innermost and intermediary stone circle was
filled with a selected igneous stone shingle
pavement. Flat and not visible above the su-
perimposed graves. SWedge covered by Bhr
1967:38^0. Greater part covered by house.
Is; Central sandstone slab cist 70 x 40 x 40
cm, 3°> with sandstone lid slabs. Greater part
covered but not damaged by house.
BD: Cremation c. 0.5 htres, 297 g. 1 adult
indet-sex human. I pig, 6 months old. (Re-
port IX, Svensson 2001, and independent de-
termination by Sabine Sten (Lamm & Axboe
1989:458), with corresponding results).
Glass heaket. Straume 1987 type I. VII, VIII
or IX; perC3-Dl. 7g. Melted lumps. Striped
in colourless [w 6 mm) and cobalt blue (w
>l6 mm).
Glass vessel. 66 g. Melted lumps, crizzled.
Pale green. Indeterminable vessel type.
Gold bncteate. Fig. 10:23 A. Axboe et al.
] 985-1989 #1 92.3. Montelius 1369 type C.
Brim and loop cut off Diam l6 mm.
4 bea.ds. 2 amorph red. 1 amorph tluc tur-
quoise. 1 amorph pale blue.
Btoiize ring. Fig. 10:23 B. Partly melted.
Cast. Non-cavetto. Prob from strap ring
mount. Diam 18 mm.
Strip joiner. Fig. 10:23 C. Melted frag.
Hinged. Possibly openwork. Rivet holes at
least in central corners. W 1 7 mm.
Strap end mount. Fig. 10:23 D. Nasman
1970 groupII.CfVWG 458^63, per \1:2.
Excellently preserved. Openwork. Punched
semicircles along edges. Strap slit with rivet
holes at corners. Strap w 14.5 mm. L58 mm.
Comb, Fig. 10:23 E. Brynja 1998 type I.
indeterminable grip rib ends. Frags, 4 grip
rib -I- 2 tooth plate of which one was found
by osteologist in 2001. Double edge line.
Intricate ornament made up from joined 10
mm diam 4-concentric dot-circles. Tooth
plates widened at teeth.
Casket handle. Fig. 10:23 F. Cf. strap
mounts from Bhr 1967:25abd & c. 2 open-
work wings, each made up of4 pairs of op-
posed semicircles and punch ornamented
along outer edges with 2-concentric circles.
Held by 2 bronze sheet staples, 1 complete,
span 26 mm. Max 1 83.5 mm.
Btoiize slieet vessel. Frags. Thickened 2-3
mm rim.
Pot. Fig. 10:23 G. Frags, incomplete, recon-
structible, base missing. Finely tempered
terracotta ware, 4.5 mm thick at shoulder.
Turned-out rim, neck, shoulder, gently in-
ward-sloping side, flat bottom. Line orna-
mented. At the base of the neck a moulded
rib, diagonally hatched with single lines.
Shoulder diagonally hatched with single lines
and delimited downward with a single line.
Rim diam c. 1 10 mm. Shoulder diam c. l40
mm. Height >105 mm.
Ornamental silver rivet bead. Fig. 10:23 H.
Flower-shaped. Central punched dot-circle.
Concave back-side. Diam 9.5 mm.
Bronze sheet counterwasliet. Rectangular
with single rivets at ends. Prob from belt
mount. 16.5 x 55 mm. Span >6 mm.
2 silver lumps. 2 g. Featureless. Max 1 13
mm.
7 bear phalanges. 8 frags.
Unhurnt bones. A few frags, 3 g. Indet spe-
cies.
Bhr 1967:44 (5HM 32623:44/63-67.
ATA 06 1 2/20C2 grave 44/63-67)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Photo plans, 2 sketch plans, photo-
graphs.
Ss: Single-layer igneojs stone setting. Dam-
aged and incompletely exposed.
Is: Cremation pitwith amorphojs surround-
ing layer 225 x 100 x 30 cm. Artefacts clus-
tered centrally in pit. S edge orig covered by
Bhr 1967:10.
BD: Cremation c. 95 litres, 7785 g. 1 adult
Bhrl967
male-sex Kumanr 1 adult horse. 2 adult dogs.
] adult ovicaprid. 1 prob adult bovid, horn
frag. (ReportlX, Sven5son200I.)
Glass beaker. Prob daw beaker^ cf Valsgiirde
8 (Arwidsson 1954). 88 g. Melted lumps,
of which 10 minuscule ones were found by
osteologist in 2001. Turquoise. 1 mm ribs
set parallel 2-2.5 mm apart on surface be-
low rim. 3 mm threads of the same glass set
on surface further down.
Gaining piece. Frag. Steeply domed. Ob-
lique hole drilled from bottom. Diam 24
mm. Height 14 mm.
Sword. Cf VZG 1 176, per VII:2. 3 frags,
complete. Very well preserved with fire pa-
tina, especially the grip. Folded at 2 points,
the entire bunch then bent together across
the middle with the grip-bar already burnt
away and the hilts loose on the tang. Hilts
and pommel jnadorned iron. Central blade
groove damascened in herringbone-pattern.
Blade I 714 mm. Tang 1122 mm. Max blade
w44 mm. Wax tang w 20 mm. Blade groove
max w 21 mm. Lower hilt I 95.5 mm. Up-
per hilt 1 69.5 mm. Pommel I 44 mm.
Seix. Prob W&G type SAXl. 2 frags, in-
complete, blade base and tang missing. Bent
at >=1 point and twisted at >=]. 1 curved
almond-shaped iron knob preserved, prob
orig from side of handle butt-mount. Blade
1 >313 mm. Max blade w >31 mm.
Lance bead. W&G type L4. Bent across
blade and broken apart, complete. Well pre-
served and partly fire patinated. Leaf-shaped.
Ridged blade cross-section continuing as
slightly angular socket cross-section. Trans-
versal iron rivet through socket. L tot 173
mm. Blade I 121 mm. Max blade w 50 mm.
Umbo.W&G typeSBA(2).Flattened.Brim
fragmented. Dome with top disc, narrowed
base and brim. Orig 5 rivet holes in brim.
Top disc featureless iron sheet with bevelled
edge, riveted to dome with cast profiled
bronze cuff. 1 slightly domed disc-shaped
rivet extant. Brim diam c. 195 mm. Dome
base diam c. 125 mm. Neck height 20 mm.
Top disc diam 35 mm, thickness 5 mm.
Umho. W&G type SBB&C. Frags. Flat-
tened. Dome with narrowed base and brim.
Orig 5 rivet holes in brim. Brim diam c. 200
mm. Dome base diam c. 135 mm. Neck
height 20 mm.
9 shield rivets. Frags. 1 fused with an umbo.
Slightly domed disc-shaped heads. Several
rivet stems off-centre. Rivet head diam 33-
35 mm. Span 7-13 mm.
Shield handle. Badly corroded frags. Bent at
>=3 points. Angular protrusions on either side
of grip. Widened trapezoid ends with rivet
holes 9 mm from end. End w 13 & 19.5 mm.
Bridle bit. W&G type RT2 or RT3. Frags.
Ring-bit with profiled bit-links. 5 fire patina-
ted frags from rings. Polygonal cross-section
with 8-9 faces. Prob purposely broken into
frags of roughly uniform length: 6S, 83, 1 1 5,
1 17, 1 19mm. Extant 1 tote. 500 mm. Thick-
ness 7.5 mm. 2 fitting frags of a profiled bit
link, badly corroded in October 2000. Cir-
cular loop at end. Extant L 65 mm. Ext loop
diam 17 mm.
Strap buckle- Oval bronze wire frame with
bronze wire tongue. 17 x 13.5 mm. Strap
diam 13.5 mm. Wire diam 1.4 mm.
2 iron strap buckles. W&G type GU7. 1
intact, I fragmented. Identical. Iron sheet
fastening plate pierced for tongue, folded
over oval iron rod frame and riveted through
with 2 bronze rivets. L tot 28 mm. Ext frame
w 21 mm. Plate w 1 5 mm. Span 5 mm.
Iron ring mount. Frag. Loop with fastening
plates^ folded over ring. Ring diam c, 15 mm.
Orig loop + plate 1 >32 mm. Plate w 6 mm.
2 iron loop mounts. Frags. Finely moulded
loop with a rectangular fastening plate. >= 1
central rivet hole. Plate 1 >38 mm^ w 18 mm.
Ext loop diam 15 mm.
Comb. 17 frags^ of which many were found
by the osteologist in 2001, 10 grip rib + 1 end
plate + 3 tooth plate + 3 teeth. 2 triple-lines
along lower edge and on end plate. 1 triple-
line along upper edge. 2 comb-style bronze
rivets.
3 iron strip mounts. Frags, reconstructible.
Rectangular. Decorative notches at 1 end.
Rivet holes in corners and 4 evenly spaced
along mid -line. Remnant of iron nail in one
hole. 99.5 X 17.5, 109 X 19.5, ?x 20 mm.
Knife. Frags. Pre-conservation 1 tot 93. 5
mm. Blade I 72 mm. Tang I >20 mm. Max
blade w 18 mm. Max tang w 13 mm. Blade
back offset 2.5 mm. Edge offset 3 mm.
Knife. Badly corroded frags. Bent. Pre-con-
servation I tot 103.5 mm. Blade 1 >39 mm.
Tang I >22 mm. Max blade w l4 mm. Max
tang w indet. Tang offsets indet.
Whetstone, Sandstone. Trapezoid. Worn
from use. 145 x 4] x 27 mm.
Strike -a-light. Terminals missing, otherwise
excellently preserved with fire patina. Orig I
tot c. 90 mm. Max w 21 mm.
Bronze sheet spangle. Domed with brim
and central hole. Diam 1 6 mm.
3 bronze sheet span^es. 1 intact^ 2 frags.
Domed. Diam 9 mm.
10 bronze slieet spangles. Domed. Diam 6-7
mm. 5 of them found by osteologist in 2001 .
C. 20 htonze rivets. 5 with remnants of
bronze sheet counter was hers. Other end fea-
tureless except for 2 with a distinct constric-
tion. L 7-12 mm. Many of them found by
osteologist in 2001.
Bronze sheet counter\vasliet. Rectangular
with single rivet-holes at ends. 37.5 x 10 mm.
Bronze strip counter washer. Frag. Broken
off at 2 holes, centres set 6 mm apart. W3.5
mm.
2 iron ornamental rivets. Frags. Domed
heads diam 25 mm.
5 iron carpentry rivets. Frags. Round heads
and rhomboid counter was hers. Head diam
1 0-20 mm. Span 6-9 mm.
2 iron nails. L 30 mm. Head diam 6 mm.
16 bronze frags. Melted. Most apparently
from bronze sheet. Max I l6 mm. Many of
them found by osteologist in 2001.
Iron rod frag. Bent. Square cross -section. L
c- 35 mm.
Iron Irags. Amorph. C 0.13 litres.
Unhurnt ovicaprid bones, C. 0.1 litres^ 71
g. 1 ad jlt ovicaprid.
Bhr 1967:45 (5HM 32623:45/63-67.
ATA 0612/2002 grave 25/65 &
45/63-67)
Excavated by Gustaf Trotzig.
Picdoc: Sketch plan.
Ss:-
Is: Cremation pit 50 x 30 x 15 cm.
BD: Cremation c. 0.6 litres, 489 g. 1 adult
male-sex human. 1 adult dog. (Report IX,
Svensson2001.)
Sword. Badly corroded frags, incomplete.
Folded first once, the double package then
folded tightly yet again. Max blade w >30
mm.
Comb. 5 tooth plate frags, found by osteo-
logist in 2001.
Iron mount. Frag. Prob rectangular plate
ending in a rivet stem set at a right angle, with
around iron sheet counterwasher W 1 1 mm.
Extant I 20 mm. Span 10 mm.
Iron rivet. Flattened ends. 17x8 mm. Not
found in stores.
Unhurnt ovicaprid bone. 1 frag.
Bhr 1967:46 (SHM 32623 feature A.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 feature A)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Sketch plan, photo negatives?
Pit with dark fill. 145 x 105 cm, S end joined
with Bhr 1967:47.
Bone harpoon. Frag. Cf Schnittger & Rydh
1940. pi I, fig. 4; Wallin & Martinsson-
212
Bhrl967
Wdlin 1996:22 fig. 11. fourth harpoon
point from the left.
Neolithic pottery. Frags. 246 g.
3 Stone Age flint frags.
AniniaJ bones. Frags. Pig, seal^ bird, fish. De-
terminations by Christian Lindqvist.
Bhr I 967:47 (SHM 32623 feature B.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 feature B)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Sketch plan, photo negatives?
Pit with dark fill, 95x 50 cm, N end joined
with Bhr 1967:46, S end joined with Bhr
1967:48.
Neolithic pottery. Frags. 1 3 g.
3 Stone Age flint frags.
Animal bones. Frags. Ovicaprid, seal, bird,
fish. Determinations by Christian Lindqvist.
Bhr 1967:48 (SHM 32623 feature C.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 feature C)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Sketch plan, photo negatives?
Pit with dark fill, 95x 50 cm, N end joined
with Bhr 1967:47.
Neolithic pottery. Frags. 51 g.
Animal bones. Frags. Mammal^ bird^ fish.
Determinations by Christian Lindqvist.
Bhr 1967:49 (SHM 32623 feature D.
ATA 06 1 2/2002 feature D)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Sketch plan, photo negatives?
Pit with dark fill, 140k 105 cm.
Stone Age flint frag.
Animal bones. Frags. Mammal. Determina-
tions by Christian Lindqvist.
Bhr I967:S0 (SHM 32623 Stone
Age hearth I .ATA 06 I 2/2002
feature Stone Age hearth I)
No burial indications. Excavated by Gustaf
Trotzig.
Picdoc: Photo negatives?
Hearth^like pit with dark fill.
Neolithic pottery. Frags. 30 g.
2 Stone Age flint frags.
Animal hones. Frags. Ovicaprid. Determi-
nations by Christian Lindqvist.
Bhr I967:SI (SHM 32623.ATA
0612/2002 main Stone Age fayer)
Excavated by GustafTrotzig.
Picdoc: Photo negatives?
Extensive culture layer beneath the Iron Age
graves, excavated in c 30 2. 5 -metre squares, A U
A2. Bl, B2 etc The deposit is described as fol-
lows inTrotiig's field notes. "Thickness gener-
ally c. 1 cm. Potsherds, bones and a few flint
fragments were found scattered through the
layer^ which was only preser\'ed in parts of the
excavation surface. Most of the finds have been
collected as stray finds during the excavation of
the Iron Age graves. Here and there the layer
seemed to thicken, and some of the hearth -like
featuresdjscovered in association with the graves
should originate in the Stone Age layer although
it has not been possible to ascertain this."
Stone axe head. Rundkvist et al. in prep.
Ground greenstone.
Neolithic pottery. Frags. 3600 g.
229 Stone Age flint frags.
Bones. Frags. Human, cattle, ovicaprid, pig,
canid, seal, bird, fish. Determinations bv
Christian Lindqvist. Neolithic and Iron Age
radiocarbon dates, see table 4a.
Bhr 1968:01 (SHM 32183.
ATA 4469/ 1 990 grave 1/68.
Trotzig l99la:246-249)
Excavated by Peter Manneke.
Picdoc: Photo plan, 7 photographs, 9 pho-
tographs of finds.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Mixed drystone and slab cist >2S0 x 50
cm, 178". Located closely parallel E to and
partly covered by Bhr 1966:08. S third cut
away by gravel pit because the grave was not
recognised during the excavations of 1966.
BD: Inhumation adults 298 g, prob ex-
tended on back, destroyed above pelvis, sin
leg slightly flexed dx, hands on abdomen^
head origatS end. 1 adult indet-sex human.
(Report VI, Svensson 1999.)
Arm ring, Trotzig 1991a:249, plate 24i.
Open. Found in collapsed deposits.
Arm ring, Trotzig 1991a:249, plate 24i.
Closed. Found around dx wrist.
Tongue pendant. Trotzig 1991 a; 249, plate
24j. Cf WKG 11:168:5-7. Gilded and sil-
ver-plated. Max w 20 mm. Found in col-
lapsed deposits.
Bronze key. Trotzig 1991a:249, plate 24k.
Cfi WKG 11:200:4-5. L-shaped, droplet-
shaped loop, 3 prongs^ ccb cufl at loop base.
L 65 mm. Found in abdominal region.
Bronze sbeet bowl. Trotzig 1 99 la#24. Forshell
1992:65, table 5-S. Interior incised plant and
geometric ornamentation. Diam 278-285 mm.
Height 61-68 mm. Found at N end.
Bark lid. Frags. Sewn to wooden frame fit-
ting bronze sheet vessel. Found collapsed
into bronze sheet vessel.
Fish bones. Pike^ Esox litchis, Sw. gadda (de-
termined by Johannes Lepiksaar in 1973). Fish
1 c. 420 mm. Found in bronze sheet vessel.
Insect remains. Pupae of flies; Diptera,
Muscidae; Sw. flugor (determined by Berndt
Odarpin 1986). Found in bronze sheet vessel
Wooden vessel, Trotzig 1991a:248, plate
24g-h. Frags. Round, hollowed out of one
piece. Preserved on bronze wire ring with
iron staple^ and on 3 bronze strip edge re-
pair mounts. Found in bronze sheet vessel.
Strip w 4-5 mm. Ring diam 24 mm.
Pot. Trotzig 1 991a:249. plate 241. Badly frag-
mented, max frag 1 66 mm, partly reduced
to gravel. Turned -out rim with notches at 7-
8 mm intervals, neck, rounded shoulder, flat
bottom. Extremely coarsely tempered ware.
Rim diam l60 mm. Found at ds foot.
Iron rivet, 2 frags. Fused with wood. Rhom-
boid counter washer. Span >28 mm. Found
sin of sin femur.
Iron rod loop- Frag. Rod diam 6 mm. Found
in abdominal region.
Iron rod loop- Frag. Rod diam 4 mm. Found
in abdominal region.
Bird bone. Indet species. Found by osteolo-
gist in 1999 among human bones.
CoiFin wood. Round 220 mm diam patch
preserved beneath bronze sheet bowl.
Bhr 1971:01 (SHM 32184:1/71.
ATA 4469/1 990 grave 1/71.
Trotzig l99la:225-227)
Excavated by Par Hansson.
Picdoc: Photo plan^ plan, 7 photographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist, >220 x 50 x 45
cm, 170°, with mixed covering stone layer.
Coffin or bier indicated by wood remains.
W side and N end cut away by gravel pit.
BD: Inhumation, 96l g> extended on back,
head at S end, left arm and leg and both feet
collapsed into gravel pit. 1 male-sex human,
45-i9yearsold.(ReportVl, Svensson 1999.)
Aim ring. Trotzig ]991a:227, plate I7e.
Cf WKG II:l5l;]-6.0rig closed, lock
lost. 3-part spiral-twisted. Max int diam
71 mm. Found in situ around dx wrist.
Arm ring. Trotzig ]991a:227, plate 17e.
Cf WKG 11: 1 58:3. Open. Max int diam
66 mm. Found around sin wrist bones
among collapsed deposits.
Iron aim ring. Troizig 1991a:227> plate
17h. Open, tapered. Prob found on dx
wrist.
2 animal -head brooches. Carlsson 1983
35:64-65; type 7.1. N, 7.7.L; per D.
Trotzig 1991 a:227. plate 17c. L 58 & 53
213
Bhrl97l
mm. Found on chest.
Dress pin. Troizig 19913:227, plate 17tl.
Cf. WKG 11:119:7-12. Rundqvist
Niisson 1990 type B2, Late Viking Pe-
riod. Frags. Bronze head^ iron stem. Ccb
head with punched dots on all faces.
Round loop.
26 heads. Trotzig 1991a:227. plate 17f.
5 Iglob pale yellow. 4 fglob glazed yellow.
2 fglob green. 2 f^lob amber, diam 27 &
23 mm. 2 brl indet colour badly eroded
mosaic. 1 brl green. 1 fglob yellow. 1 <yl
red. ] box-shaped red. 1 pumpkin crys-
tal. ] cyl antler 1 disc-shaped tluc pale
turquoise, diam 19 mm. 1 wedge tluc pale
turquoise^ diam 23 mm. 1 brl red with
chaotic yellow, pink &. green dots. 1 brl
massive bronze. 1 brl indet colour. Found
beneath comb on chest.
Comb, Trotzig 1991a:227, plate ]7g.
Cf. WKG 11:193:2-6. Very well pre-
served. Unadorned. 5 tooth plates^ each
fastened with a rivet at either end. Semi-
circular cross-section grip ribs. Grip rib
I 155 mm. Max grip rib w 13 mm.
Found across chest.
Textile frags. Tiny. Found at beads.
Wood &ags. From coffm or bier.
Uncertain provenance:
Copper sheet pot- Trotzig 1991a #17.
Forshell 1992:65> table 5-S. Diam c. 1 20
mm. Height 57 mm. Badly deformed.
Found in sec pos in a spoil dump on the
floor of the gravel pit c. 25 m from the
grave.
Bhr 1971:02 (SHM 32184:2/71.
ATA 4469/1 990 grave 2/7 1 .
Trotzig l99la:227-229)
Excavated by Par Hansson.
Picdoc: 2 photo plans^ plan, section, 8 pho-
tographs.
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Igneous drystone cist with >=1 sandstone
end slab, >l40 x >50 x 40 cm, c. 0°, with
sandstone lid flakes. CofRn of similar dimen-
sions indicated by in situ nails and wood
frags inside. S 2/3 and entire E wall cut away
by gravel pit.
BD: Ifihumatiofi^ only a tooth preserved. Body
orientation slighdy uncertain, as the tooth was
found with the belt mounts and copper sheet
pot in the preser^'ed N third of the grave. How-
ever, only the pot was dearly found in situ,
which might indicate that the objects from the
upper part of the body were actually in sec pos
due to grave robbing. This would mean that
the body was orig placed head S.
Strap mount. Trotzig 1991a:229, plate 18d.
Frag of trapezoid bronze sheet fastening plate
for joiner or buckle. Single edge line. Fused
with strap.
16 beh lamellae. Trotzig 1991a:229, plate
18d. Frags. With preserved leather strap.
Strap w & lamella 1 17 mm. Some found in
N third of trench.
Ironpadlock?Troizig 1991a:229, plate 18e.
Iron sheet cylinder, 52x19 mm, with iron
rod contraptions on the inside and outside^
forming a loop on the outside. Frags fused
with textile (fine twill) and a leather strap
knot on the iron rod loop.
Copper slieet pot. Trotzig 1991a #18. Fors-
hell 1992:65, table 5-8. Diam 122-133 mm.
Height 81-84 mm. 2 handle loops riveted to
rim, and rust stains indicating an iron handle.
Found in N third of trench.
Wooden spatula. Trotzig 1991a:229, plate
ISc. Found in pot.
Insect remains. Ants, Formicidae, Sw. myror
(determined by Berndt Odarp in 1986).
Fojnd in pot.
C. 10 coffin nails. C. 30 frags. Some found
in situ along trench walls.
CofEn wood frags. Including a 110 x 75
mm piece preserved beneath the copper pot.
Bhr 1971:03 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 4796/1 998
grave Aldenmo I)
Excavated and collapsed fill searched by
Goran Aldenmo.
Picdoc: Section, 6 photographs.
Ss: Not excavated.
Is: Cremation pit with stones, bottom 42
cm beneath modern ground level. Crema-
tion deposit diam 74 cm^ thickness <= 14 cm.
Cut by gravel pit.
BD: Cremation 739 g, possibly mixed with
Bhr 1971:04. 1 adult indet^ex human. 1
adult dog. 1 adult horse. 1 adult ovicap rid.
(Report III, Molnar 1998.)
Lance head. Badly corroded. Prob orig leaf-
shaped, W&G typeL2orL4.Cf VZG 579-
586, 1212-1228. per VIl:l-2, Transversal rivet
in socket. Estant 1 tot 1 84 mm. Extant blade
I 1 29 mm. Found in collapsed deposits.
Knife, 2 frags. Badly corroded. Found in
collapsed deposits.
Bronze sheet scabbard edge mount. 2 frags. U-
sh aped cross-section. L tot 6" mm. W 3.5 mm.
Height 4 mm. Found in collapsed deposits.
Bronze sheet spangle. Domed with brim.
Diam 14 mm. Found in collapsed deposits.
7 bronze sheet frags, 2 embossed with par-
allel lines. Max I 8 mm. Found in collapsed
14 iron frags. Max I 25 mm. Found in col-
lapsed deposits.
Bhr 1971:04 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 4796/1 998 grave
Aldenmo 4)
Excavated and collapsed fill searched by
Goran Aldenmo.
Picdoc: Section, 4 photographs.
Ss; Not excavated.
Is: Cremation pit, bottom 40 cm beneath
modern ground level. Cremation deposit
diam 50 cm^ thickness 20 cm. Cut by gravel
pit.
BD: Cremation l67 g> possibly mixed with
Bhr 1971:03. 1 adult indet-sex human. 1
adult dog. (Report 111, Molnar 1 998.)
Iron scabbard loop, Cf VZG 1207-1208,
1 167, per VI 1:2. Loop and short rivet plate
extant. Found by osteologist in 1998 among
bones from collapsed deposits. Prob belongs
to Bhr 1971:03.
Strap niountr Warped frag of a cast bronze
object. Bevelled curved edge, hollow back.
Vestiges of 3 brotize rivets. Max I 31 mm.
Found in collapsed deposits.
Comb. 3 frags^ 1 grip rib + 2 tooth plate; 1
of them found by osteologist in 1998. Triple
edge line, also on end plate.
Nail. Stem frag. Diam 6.5 mm. Found in
collapsed deposits.
Bronze sheet frag. Embossed with parallel
lines. Max I 8 mm. Found in collapsed de-
posits. Prob belongs to Bhr 1971:03.
Iron strip frag, W 13 mm. Extant 1 17 mm.
Found in collapsed deposits.
Iron rod frag. Knife tang or nail. Found
during sieving.
Slag. 7 frags. Modern? Max 145 mm. Found
in collapsed deposits.
Bhr 1971:05 (SHM pending
allocation. ATA 4796/1 998
grave Aldenmo S)
Excavated and collapsed fill searched by
Goran Aldenmo.
Picdoc: 4 photographs.
Ss: Not excavated.
Is: Cremation pit. Cut by gravel pit.
BD: Cremation 68 g. 1 adult indet-sex hu-
man. 1 adult dog. (Report III, Molnar
1998.)
No artefact finds.
214
Bhrl97l
Bhr I 971 :06(SHM pending
allocation.ATA 4796/1 998
grave Aldenmo 6)
Excavated jnd coll:ip&ed fill searched by
Goran Aldenmo.
Picdoc: Section, 2 photographs.
Ss: Not excavated.
Is: Cremation pit, bottom 36 cm beneath
modern ground level. Cut by gravel pit and
badly damaged,
BD: Cremation 193 g. 1 adult indet-sex
human. I inf-II indet-sex human. 1 adult
dog. (Report III, Molnar 1998.)
Glass lump- 3 g. Tluc blue. Max I 20 mm.
Indeterminable vessel type. Found in col-
lapsed deposits.
Knife, 2 frags, point lost. 5 mm blade back
offset. 2.5 mm edge offset. Extant I 114.5
mm. Tang I 6l mm. Mas blade w 1 7.5 mm.
Max tang w 10 mm. Found in collapsed
deposits.
Bead. I bri red.
Pottery. 2 frags, 1 bottom-edge. Coarsely
tempered. Grey-brown throughout. 5.5 mm
thick.
2 iron frags. Flat shards. Max I 48 mm.
Thickness 3 mm.
Bhr 1971:07 (5HM pending
allocation. ATA 4796/1 998
grave Aldenmo 7)
Excavated and collapsed fill searched by
Goran Aldenmo.
Picdoc: 3 photographs.
Ss: Not excavated.
Is: Cremation pit. Cut by gravel pit.
BD: Cremation 35 g. 1 adult indet-sex hu-
man. 1 adult dog. (Report HI, Molnar
1998.)
No artefact finds.
10.3 Iron Age stray finds
from Barshalder IS57-
1997.
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford,
I 909:50 (formerly SHM 7678:36)
Gbo, Barshalder, Roes quarry, near Gull-
backen, cem-sect 3
"1 small animal-head brooch. Early type still
with openings. Found on the ground near
Guilbacken at the sandstone quarries lying
loose on the ground." Gustaf^on's field book
p. 70 (September 1881). Acquired by Gabriel
Gustafson, sold by him in 1885 to theSHM^
sold in 1S96 to Sir John Evans^ presented in
1909 by Sir Arthur Evans to the Ashmolean.
Proto- animal-head broocli. MacGregor et
al. 1 997 #3.5. VZG per VlI:2-3. Cast line
ornament. Vestiges of iron pin. L 39 mm.
W 27 mm.
British Museum 1921 II. 1.381
Gbo^ Bhr or Hablingbo psh or Hemse psh
Presented by James Curie of Melrose to the
BM in 1921. Confused provenance.
Glass heaker. VWG 281, per Vl:l. Olive-
green. Height 205 mm.
GFC70I
Gbo. Bhr
Added to the GF collection in 1909.
Bronze key. WKG 11:199:4. L-shaped.
Droplet-shaped loop with 4 ccb knobs. 3
prongs. Dot-circle ornaments. L 76 mm.
GF C702
Gbo. Bhr
Added to the GF collection in 1909.
Broad axe bead. Width 18.5 cm according
to inventory notes. Not found in stores.
GF C703
Gbo, Bhr
Added to the GF collection in 1909.
Knife, Marked sharpening wear and badly
corroded. Marked blade back offset.
GFCI49S
Gbo. Bhr
Added to the GF collection in 191 1.
Disc-on-bo^v brooch, Cf VZG 60, per
VIM. Warped and slightly melted. Disc
missing. Empty inlay-rivet sockets. Iron pin.
C. 67x28.5 mm.
GFC8I40
Gbo. Bhr, cem-sect 1
Found by Helmuth Pettersson of Flors in Burs
while hunting in a gravel pit at Barshalders-
backe. Donated to the GF in 1 933.
Pot, 15 frags. Dark grey ware. Ornamented.
Not found in stores.
GF C8488
Gbo, Roes, cem-sect 1
Found in the gravel pit at Roes. Bought from
Daniel Johansson in 1934.
Bronze mount. Cast flat openwork mount
with spool-shaped outline framing a cross.
One end broken off Remnants of iron rivet
in remaining rivet hole. Estant 1 42 mm.
GF C8539
Fide, Fride, Kaldaker, cem-sect 5
Found by Nils Nilsson of Nygrannes in the
Fide parish gravel pit at Barshalder, then kept
in Nilsson's outbuilding until August 1934
when Marten Stenberger collected the finds
(ATA 3247/1934).
Seax. Folded. Not found in stores, empty
stained box.
Umbo. Frags, reconstructible. Dome, out-
ward-sloping neck. brim. Brim diam c. 1 60
mm. Brim width c. 20 mm.
GF C8572-8576
Fide. Osterby Grusakern, Raa 39, cem-sect 7
Found at separate occasions in the Grusakern
Reld of Osterby in Fide parish. Submitted
totheCF in 1935 (ATA 2258/1935).
Umho, Cf AEG 644, per V:2. Well-pre-
served. Pointed peaL Inward -si an ting neck.
Brim diam 154 mm. Peak diam 1 15 mm.
Peak height c. 70 mm. Rivet span 8 mm.
Javelin head. Cf AEG 61 2, per V; 1 . Trans-
versal rivet in socket. Origbladelc. 107 mm.
Orig I tot c. 256 mm.
Javelin head, Cf. AEG 6l2, per V; 1 . 2 badly
corroded frags. Square blade cross-section,
shaped as a + on socket. Extant I tot 246 mm.
Pol. WKG 11:282:2. Reconstructed. Turned-
out rim, neck, shoulder, curved -inward sides.
Wheel-turned. Terracotta-coloured surface,
coarsely tempered. Horizontal lines on
shoulder. Swastika on under-side. Rim diam
l47 mm. Height 129 mm.
GF C8630
Gbo, Bhr, Uddvide sandstone quarry, cem-
sect 4
Found during soil removal at the Uddvide
sandstone quarry by Gervid Levander of Gbo.
Bought via O.V Ohlsson in 1 935.
Strap huckle. Type smbhigh. Composite.
Massive frame with round cross-section, cres-
cent-shaped, tapered towards the hinge. Line
215
Bhr stray finds
ornaments at base of tongue. Folded bronze
sheet fastening pUte with edge line ornaments
and 4 rivets. Ext frame dimensions 29 x 3S
mm. Plate w 18 mm. Int frame w23 mm.
GF C8703
Gbo, Bhr, Uddvide common quarry, cem-
sect 4
Found by quarrymanjohan Levander in the
Uddvide quarry. Sold via O.V. Ohisson to
theGF in 1936.
Fibula. Type flbpoint. Cf. VWG 59, per
VI: 1. Well-preserved except for slight warp-
ing of sin knob. Conical knobs with cuffs at
top and base. 74.5 x 40.7 mm.
Dress pin. Type dpmush. Thin mushroom
head. 3 lines each below head and on mid-
stem. Extant 1 4 1.5 mm.
GF C8726
Gbo, Bhr, Norrkvie 1:16^ cem^ect 1
Found in the spring of 1936by Bertil Sten-
strdm of Stenstjgu^ lying loose in the gravel
in the part of the Road Council's gravel pit
excavated in 1935. Added to the GF collec-
tion in 1936. External collection note ATA
3421/1936.
Cryscal pendant. WKG 11:170:20. BrI rock
crystal bead fitted rather clumsily in worn,
punch ornamented silver sheet with a sheet
loop. Silver fitting possibly originally from
a lens. Bead diam 22.1 mm.
Dtesspin- WKG 11:121:1. Rundqvist Nils-
son 1990 type A4b, Late Viking Period. Tri-
quetra ornament. L 1 02 mm.
GF C8877
Gbo, Barshalder
Bought from farmer Helmut h Pettersson of
Flors in Burs parish in 193S.
Biigelknopf fibula. Cf. Helgesson & Stjern-
quist2001:l46-l47>fg. 7. Eggers phase C3.
EGiob on head. Small knob at end of foot. Dx
axis knob nuch la^er than sin knob. 68.3 x
33.7 mm.
GFC889I
Gbo, Bhr^ the Road Council's gravel pit
(Norrkvie l:l6), cem-sect 1
SjbmittedbyO.V Ohisson in 193S.
Arrowhead. WKG IIt262:l. Fire-patinated.
Lancet-shaped. Tanged. L 100 mm. Max
blade w 18 mm.
GF €9538:1-4
Gbo, Rojrhage 1:1, cem-sect 2
Verner Gustafeson's finds from the Rojrhage
1:1 potato patch, collected by Greta Arwids-
sonin 1947 (ATA 2006/1947).
Fibula. Type fibwidel. Cf. VWG 12, 23 &
24, per VI: 1. Slightly warped foot. Dot-circles
and edge lines on knobs. 48.2 x 26.5 mm.
Fibula, Head cf VWG 27. Conical knobs
with cuffs at top and base, with smaller cuffe
below the top ones. Cf the knobs in GF
C3703. Melted bow and foot.
Casket handle. Orthogonally U-shaped. Flat
horizontal slighdvcur^'ed cross-bar. 63x31 mm.
Btonzekey. Cf \'\VG 237, per VI: 1. Rect-
angular cross-section. Line ornamented loop
base. 1 prong, actually the bent end of the
stem. L end to last bend 141 mm.
GF €9582:37-43, deposit D
Gbo^ Rojrhage 1:1, cem-sect 2
"East of [Bhr 1947:02] was found immedi-
ately beneath the turf a large number of shards
from an ornamented pot with a handle. The
pot was highly incomplete and surely found
in secondary position. At the same spot was
found. .."Arwidsson report ATA0746/1948.
Glass lump. 9 g. Pale green with the im-
pression of a domed bronze rivet head. Rivet
head diam c. 1 1 mm.
Pot. PerV:2-VI:l. C. 150 frags. Reconstruct-
ible. Turned-out rim, neck, shoulder, inward-
cumng sides. Hollow handle^ drinking duct.
Richly stamp and line ornamented. 5 stamps:
crescent^ triskele circle, 2-concentric circle^
small circle sometimes used obliquely, close-
toothed denticulate stamp. 3 hatched line-
delimited belts. 2-line zigzag with dot lines
along one side.
Neolithic pottery. 3 frags. Light brown sur-
face, black core, medium -coarsely tempered^
7-5 mm thick.
Bronze lump.
2 bronze sheet ftags.
1 burnt bone frag.
Unburnt hones. 5 frags.
Stone Age flint fragr Lowquahty, prob local.
GF C9673
Gbo^ Uddvide quarry, cem-sect4
Finds collected by geography students from
3 damaged grave on 27 May 1950.
Pottery. AEG per IVrl, no close parallels. 1
rim+shoulder frag with a small vertical fibula-
bow handle. Turned ^^ut rim. Stamp and line
ornamented. Grey surface, brick-red core^
coarsely limestone tempered, 5 mm thick.
2 burnt bone &agSr
GF C9790
Gbo^ Rojrhage 1:1, cem-sect 2
Found very near the Rojrhage 1:1 house.
Bought from Verner Gustaf^son in 1952.
Bronzekey. Cf\'WG 560. per Vl:2. Round
handle cross-section. Handle ends in 2-sided
stylised animal head, holding a folded, line
ornamented bronze strip loop in its jaws. The
loop holds a cast bronze ring. L except ring
and loop 137 mm. Ring ext diam 12.4 mm.
Staple ring. Edge line ornamented bronze
sheet staple. Ring ext diam 22 mm. Staple
span 19 mm.
GF CIOI20:I7
Gbo, Barshalder
Gift from pharmacist Ada Block of Visby in
1958.
Utensil brooch. VZG 185, per Vll:l. 56 x
39 mm.
Strap end mount. VZG 232, per VII: 1.
GF CIO330
Gbo, Norrkvie 1:16, gravel pit, cem-sect 1
Stray finds made during turf removal for
Hager's excavations in I960.
Disc-on-bowbroocli. Melted frag from bow.
Cast tripartite geometrical relief, prob per
VII;3.
Knife. Fairly well-preserved. Bent. Marked
blade back offset. Extant I l47 mm.
Knife. Fire patinated. Marked blade back
offset. Blade I 87 mm. Max blade w 10.5
mm. Max blade thickness 6 mm. Extant I
tot 133 mm.
Knife. Marked sharpening w^ar» corroded.
Marked blade backoffeet. Extant 1 1 13 mm.
Knife. Marked blade back offeet. Extant I
99 mm.
Knife. Blade frag. Extant 1 73 mm.
Pottery. 1 side-bottom gradient frag. Pale
brown surface, dark grey core, coarsely tem-
pered, 9 mm thick.
Bronze sheet frag. Indistinctly line-em-
bossed. Pierced near end.
GF without inventory number
Gbo, Norrkvie l:l6^ cem-sect 1
Collected by Marten Stenberger in 1934
from a stone wall at a grave 80 m W of house
foundation #31 on Nihien & Atterman's
plan of 1 93 1 . Stored at the Kattlunds farm-
stead museum. ATA3321/1934.
3 picture stone frags. Lindqvist 1941-1942
Roes lll-V, 6th-9th century AD. Nylen &
Lamm 19S7 #S6-88. 3 frags. Row of tri-
angles along the edge of one.
Latvijas Vestures Muzejs, Riga, 5600
(formerly SHM 7871:134)
Gbo, Roes, Rdraker^ cem-sect 1
216
Bhr stray finds
"Rdr-aker^ found in 1876byZach. Norbe^."
Bought by theSHM from arcisiOlofSdrling
in ] 886 and subsequently sent Co Riga.
Penannular brooch, Carisson 1938 35:3;
typeTRA. Diam 94? mm.
Lunds Universitets Historiska
Museum 30395:19231 (formerly
Kukurhistoriska Museet i Lund
19231)
Gbo, Barshald^r
Bought in 1909 from Frans Lysholm of
Hemse.
Disc brooch. KHN type 12. Cf VZG 1380-
1388, per VII:3. Case counter-clockwise
Style II triskele ornament. Bevelled edge with
abstract oblique interlace. Pin missing. In-
tricate box -shaped pin-catch. Single hole in
side for chain or bead string. Earth or cast-
ing clay inside. Heavily worn near hole,
decoration obliterated. Diani 40.5-43 mm.
Height 6.5 mm.
Private collection LarssonAxel
Gbo, Bhr, AB Vagforbattringar's gravel pit,
cem-sect 1
Found in 1933- In the collection of Axel O
Larsson, Karlsholmsbruk.
2 knives.
Private collection Hafdell
(ATA4I3-2230-I998)
Fide, Kaldakern^ Fride S, cem-sect 5
In the collection of Tommy Pettersson &
Elisabeth Hafdell^ Fidenas. Found by Bengt
Hafdellc. 1950 duringgravel extraction on the
W edge of the Kiildakern gravel pit. First he hit
a pot with his pick^ breaking it; then he dug
morecarefiiltyand unearthed the pot described
below. He reassembled the broken one but it
has subsequently been lost. One or the other of
the pots contained a curved brass strip, as long
as the width of a hand, constituting one fourth
of a circle, that has also been losL Studied and
documented in July 1997.
Pot. Skewed, coarse and the size of a large teacup.
Coarse igneous rock temper, pinkish brown
surface with fine horizontal striae. Temper grains
up to 6 mm visible in surface. Min thickness 8
mm, >20 mm at the base. Volume c 0.2 litres.
Rounded edge with finger nail impressions c
5-8 mm apart, very slightly turned-out rim,
shoulder, narrowing downward, turned-out base
edge. Entire vessel markedly skewed. Max height
86 mm. Max shoulder height 55 mm. Max rim
diam 104 mm. Max shoulder diam 108 mm.
Max base diam 85 mm. Intact except from a
small shard missing fi-om the edge.
Private collection Hallgren
Gbo, Uddvide 1:6, Gbo Raii 205, cem-sect 4
Found in a sandstone slab cist between the
dwelling house and the road in 1931.
Strike- a-light stone. Late Roman Iron Age.
Pointedly oval with concave edges. White
crystalline igneous rock. 80 x 45 x 25 mm.
Private collection Rojrhage 1:1
<ATA 321-0610-2002)
Cbo^ Rojrhage 1:1, cem-sect 2
Objects found in the 1970s or 1980s at the
Rojrhage 1:1 house, most if not all of them
under the cellar-less S corner of the building
in the area occupied by the original small
cottage. Studied and documented in July
1997. The current owner of the collection
wished to remain anonymous.
Fibula or brooch. Unknown type, not shown
to me. Described as a safety pin with an ani-
mal head and a pin^ptral on the back-side.
2 bronze bracteates, Montelius 1 869 type E.
Identical. 1 extant to 75%, 7 frags including
loop. 1 extant to 25%, 3 frags. Not attri-
butable^ 15% of one, 7 frags. Punched
concentric ornament circles, from the centre
outwards: raised dots (A), 2-part twisted cord
(B), off-set rows of opposed triangles (C), B^
C, B, C, B. Diam 41 mm. Motif diam 16
mm. Green-black powdery corrosion.
Button clasp pair. Catch-piece intact. Only
two buttons remaining of hook-piece. Three
buttons a half Line ornamented catch. But-
ton diam 13 mm. Catch-piece base plate
37.5 X 8 mm. Catch 1 30.5 mm. Pitted shiny
surface, prob cleaned with acid.
Strap buckle. Type smbhigh. Composite, 4
cast parts. Crescent-shaped frame tapered
toward axis. S-shaped tongue with back-
stopper, broken in two. Strap fastener bro-
ken in two, pierced for tongue and folded
over frame axis, in the shape of a cast en face
animal head. Round domed eyes with dot-
circles. Round domed nostrils with single
dots. At the animal's muzzle a rivet lug with
a rivet, high domed head with flat top. L tot
45 mm. Ext frame w 21 mm. Int frame w
15 mm. Max w strap fastener 10 mm. Pit-
ted shiny surface, prob cleaned with acid.
Strip loop mount. Spool-shaped fastening
plate formed by two animal heads facing
away from each other Between them 3 trans-
versal ribs with a broken-off flat loop on one
side. Slanted pointedly elliptic eyes. No nos-
trils. Rivet lugs at muzzles, one broken but
complete. L 36.5 mm. Max w 6.5 mm. Pit-
ted shiny surface, prob cleaned with acid.
Strap loop mount. Fastening plate with holes
in corners. To one side an animal head
flanked by chip -carved extremities with spi-
ral-rolled spurs. Slanted pointedly elliptic
eyes. Spiral-shaped nostrils. Rivet lug at
muzzle. To the other side a broken-off flat
loop. L without the remains of the loop 28
mm. Max w 15 mm. Metallic sheen with
dark patina in depressions.
Bronze bell ring. Prob orig joined with one
of the loop mounts. Non-cavetto. Ext diam
13.5 mm. Int diam 7 mm. Pitted shiny sur-
face, prob cleaned with acid.
Strap joiner. Cast. Two en face human heads
with hats and pointed beards^ joined with a
hinge^ hat to hat. Moustaches marked with
incised lines. 2+1 hinge loops. 1 extant rivet
hole in the forehead of either face. Both necks
broken off below beards. Max extant 1 of one
half including half the w of the hinge 42.5
mm. Orig 1 tot >85 mm. Extant 1 tot 80.5
mm. Max w 1 1 mm. Beautiful dark patina.
Strap end mount. Type smesword. Cast.
Sword-shaped with bevelled edges and op-
posed notches between the fastening plate
and the tongue. Single rivet holes at either
end of the plate, with rivets, of which 1 is
loose. Cut-out strap space on the back-side.
Slightly convexly curved. L tot 60.5 mm. L
tongue 3 1 mm. L strap space 24 mm. Max
w 9.5 mm. Rivet span 2 mm. Pitted shiny
surface, prob cleaned with acid.
Tweezers. Unknown type, not shown to me.
Said to have been sold to an antiquities dealer
in Val! parish.
Casket handle. Ribbed cross-bar bet^^'een 2
dot-circle ornamented fore-bodies of horses.
Heads broken off. Manes marked by rows of
small triangles. Broken fastening loops in stead
of forelegs. Finely cast. Beautiful dark patina.
Pot. Fell apart and was not collected. Found
containing some of the metalwork.
Pottery, 2 frags from a vessel with shoulder
and narrowed neck^ on the neck a sunken belt
(w >7 mm) with a line of skewed linen-seed
size rhomboid imprints, reddish brown finely
tempered ware, thickness 2.5-3 mm. 1 frag
from a vessel with shoulder, narrowed neck,
turned-out rim; no ornamentation; height
from min neck diam to rim 13 mm; reddish
brown finely tempered ware, thickness 3 mm.
A "knob" from a pot was said to have been
sold to an antiquities dealer in Vail parish.
Bronze strip frag. Warped. Indistinct lines
of punched triangles along the edges and
down the middle. W l4.5 mm. Extant 1 23
mm. Green-black powdery corrosion.
Bronze slieet frag. Pardy melted. Prob orig strip-
shaped. One end cut into three equally wide
217
Bhr stray finds
tongue?. Orig w 12 mm. Thickness 1.5 mm.
Pitted shiny surface, prob cleaned with acid.
SHM 2393
Gbo, Bhr
"Finds from the Barsalder commons ...
Found by painter O.W Biickdjring digging
in a field full of small, mainly almost indis-
tinguishable mounds, most of them dis-
turbed or destroyed. ... Biick ... had per-
formed these excavations for profit despite
knowledge of the ban on damaging ancient
monuments, and was thus reprimanded."
Bought by the SHM in 1857.
Drinking horn edge mount. AEG 281, per
IV:2. Tubed bronze sheet. Ext diam 73 mm.
Int diam 64 mm.
Drinking horn mount. AEG 285, per IV:2.
Composite. Sculpted bronze band with 5 rivet
holes, cur^'ed in a smooth semicircle. Extant
rivet in hole 1. Elaborate strap mounts riveted
into holes 2 & 4. Each strap mount in turn
has 4 rivets. Distance between mount end
points 72 mm.
Tortoise brooch, VZG 1346, per VII:4.
WKG 11:76:1.
SHM 4690
Gbo, Roes, Rorakern, cem-sect 1
"... found by Lars Petter Sdderstrdm in a field
belonging to Roes... called Roraker, lying loose
in the soil." Bought by the SHM in 1872.
Disc-on-bow brooch, VZG 1365, per VI 1:3.
2 frags. Warped. Empty inlay sockets.
Checker-patterned interlace.
2 brass rods. Modern according to inven-
tory. Not found in stores.
SHM 7678:27
Fide, Bhr, Raa 18, SW corner, cem-sect 7
"I clay pot intact with handle, decorated.
Found in a field a couple ofyears ago (3 years?)
in afield atTimgren's, under Osted^y in Fide,
but to the north at the half-mile stone W of
the road. Stone-lined graves the length of a
man^ skeletons, other ones smaller (burnt
bones?)." Gustafson's field book p. 70 [Sep-
tember 1381).
"Find #24 [Bhr 1882:35] ... Around
here and not in the field as was previously
stated my clay pot was found with some sort
of bronze 'brooch' which was lost (everything
is called 'brooches' nowadays)" Gustafson's
field book, p. 149 (1882).
Gustation's emendation of the find spot
seems plausible as the pot would probably
not have been intact if it had been found in
a tilled field.
From Gabriel Gustafson's collection^
bought by the SHM in 1885.
Pot- VWG 301, per VI;1. Intact, shghtly
skewedr Turned -out rim, neck, angular shoul-
der inward-sloping sides, flat bottom^ handle.
Stamp ornamented with 2 stamps and 1
pointed instrument. 2 horizontal lines at base
of neck. Outline crescent stamp forming wavy
line above shoulder and a counter-clockwise
swastika at either end of handle. Small
stamped circles at points of incised hanging
concave triangles below shoulder. 2 lines of
punctures along handle. Rim diam 95 mm.
Shoulder diam 120 mm. Base diam 65 mm.
Height 105 mm. Shoulder height 60 mm,
SHM 7678:29-30
Fide, Osterby 1:15, cem-sect 7
"Both purchased from Flodstrom (on whose
land 1 am dicing) who had found them ly-
ing on the ground right beside the mound
find #3 [Bhr 1882:27]." Gustafson's field
book p. 100 (1882). From Gabriel Gustaf-
son's collection, bought by the SHM in 1885.
Fibula. Type fibwidel. Cf VWG 23-24, per
Vl;l. 3 ccb knobs with striated stems. Cast
bow disc base with disc lost, only a rivet re-
mains. Widened foot^ most of it lost. Half of
pin-holder lost. Extant 1 50.4 mm. Axis 1 32.4
mm- Extant height sans pin-holder 1 6.7 mm.
Traded in 1887 among other objects for the
first finds from the Vendel boat cemetery to
the Museum of Scandinavian Antiquities at
the University of Uppsala, where it was given
the inventory number UMF 34 12.
Casket handJe, VWG 573, per Vl:2. Staple
span 1 7 mm.
SHM 7678:31
Gbo^ Bhr, cem-sect 3-i
"Belt clasp in 2 openwork pieces, one with
hooks, the other with rings, damaged. Found
in one of the fields between the Gullhogand
the southern cemetery." Gustafson's field
book p. 100(1882).
From Gabriel Gustafson's collection^
bought by the SHM in 1885.
Strap joiner, AEG testfig, 171, per V:2. 2
openwork mounting plates originally joined
by 3 rings. 2 rings extant. W 32 mm. Strap
thickness 2 mm.
SHM 7678:36 (currently Ashmolean
Museum I909:S0)
Gbo, Barshalder, Roes quarry, near Gullbacketi^
cem-sect 3
SeeAshmolean 1909:50.
SHM 7678:37
Gbo, Bhr, cem-sect 1
"Circular buckle, tall, tongue lost. Found in
the northernmost part of Barshalder (prob-
ably in the same gravel pit as [the SHM
7678:35 brooch]?)." Gustafson's field book
p. 100 (1882). From Gabriel Gustafton's col-
lection, bought by the SHM in 1885.
Utensil htooch. VZG 1 878, per VI1:4. Per-
pendicular tongue^ missing. Openwork tra-
pezoid protrusion with 2 bearded faces and
stepped diagonals. One bronzewire ring and
one iron wire ring on edge of protrusion, a
frag of an iron wire chain link in the iron
ring. L tot 49. 8 mm. Frame diam 29.3 mm.
Frame height 10.7 mm.
SHM 7678:63
Gbo, Bhr, Roes quarry?
"Part of the grip of a sword, probably also [as
SHM 7678:57] found 'in the kaulu' [sand-
stone quarry] butwhere exactly is uncertain."
Gustafson's field book p. 70 (September
1381). From Gabriel Gustafsson's collection,
bought by the SHM in 1385.
Sword. Hilt frag: upper hilt and grip. Grip
simple bar. Striped inlaid upper hilt. 2 rivets
in upper hilt. Pommel lost.
SHM 7871:130
Gbo, Roes, Roraker, cem-sect I
"Found in 1877 in the Ror-aker during
potato thinning by Mrs Soderstrom, bent
by the finder and broken." Bought by the
SHM from artist Olof Sdrling in 1886.
Sword. WKG 11:227:1. 2 frags: 1 blade + 1
hilt. Folded. Wide central blade groove. Hilts
simple parallel bars. Striped brass-inlaid
lower hilt. Pommel lost. 2 rivets in upper
hilt. Max blade w 67 mm,
SHM 7871:131
Gbo, Roes, Roraker^ cem-sect 1
"Ror-aker found by L. Larsson." Bought by
the SHM from artist Olof Sorhng in 1886.
CrossbowfibiJa. Type flbcb. Cf VWG 367-
369, per \^:2. Right half of axis & spiral
missing. Ribbed foot. D-shaped bow cross-
section. L 66 mm. Orig axis 1 47 mm.
SHM 7871:133
Gbo, Roes, Roraker^ cem-sect 1
Bought by the SHM from artist Olof Sorling
in 1886.
Lance head. Socketed. Rhomboid blade
cross-section. Part of socket missing. Blade I
175 mm. Extant 1 tot 296 mm. Mas blade
w 20 mm. Mas socket w 16 mm.
Bhr stray finds
Javelin head? Tapered iron socket with break?
jt both ends. Roundedly square cross-section.
Extent 1 1 19 mm. Max exc:inc w l4.5 mm.
SHM 10808
Gbo, Barshaldersbackar, cem-sect 1
"Found on 28 June 1899 at a recendy destroyed
grave cairn by die sandpit". Collected by Os-
car Almgren, Oskar Wilhelm Wennersten,
Harald Hanssonet al. at a visit to the site after
a field walking expedition to the Middle Neo-
lithic settlement site at Gullrum in neigh-
bouring Nas parish.
Sword. 3 frags. Bent. Wide central blade
groove apparently meting into central ridge
somewhere along the blade. Orig fused with
charcoal. Max estant blade w44 mm.
SHM I0939B:50
Gbo, Bhr, cem-sect 1
Found in 1899 by Harald Laurin "in the field
near the cemetery"^ he. prob in one of the
fields adjoining the parish gravel pit.
Arrowliead,WKG 11:261:5. Fire patinated.
Lancet-shaped with wide, off-centre blade
grooves and broken-ofi^ tang. Blade 1 79 mm.
Arrowliead,WKG 11:262:8. Fire patinated.
Elongatedly pyramidal with square cross-
section, thinned neck and tang. L tot 105
mm. Blade I 81 mm.
SHM I 171 I
Gbo, Bhr, Uddvide. cem-sect 1-3
"Found during quarry work in a past jre near
the siteofLaurin's excavations 1899 ... ^Nei-
ther stone setting or bone remains were to
be seen". Bought in 1902 from A. Bergqvist.
Seax. Frag. Badly corroded. Max blade w >28
mm.
Lance head. Cf WKG 11:236:6. Bent. Point
lost. Perpendicular protrusions at blade base,
one of which is missing. Transversal rivet in
socket. Extant 1 tot 277 mm. Extant blade 1
158 mm. Extant max blade wc. 45 mm.
Umbo. 2 frags. Type unknown.
Shield handle. Frag.
Bridle bit, 2 Frags. Featureless bit links. Ext
ring diam 100 mm.
Knife, Frags.
SHM 14038
Gbo, Basalder
Bought from Frans LysKoIm of Hemse in
1910.
Lance head. WKG 11:238: 1 . Petersen type E,
early 9th century AD. Geometrical silver,
brass and copper wire incrustation on socket.
L 378 mm.
Brass sheet bowl, Trotzig 199 la #2. Ornamen-
ted interior Diam 255 mm. Height 60 mm.
SHM 14307
Gbo^ Barshaldersbacke
"From the same locality as SHM l4038."
Bought from Frans Lysholm of Hemse in
1910.
Brass sheet bowl. Trotzig 1991a #3. WKG
11:285:1. Diam 259-262 mm. Ornamented
interior. Height 61-66 mm.
SHM 15609:1
Gbo^ Barshalder, parish gravel pit, cem-sect 1
"Found by Olof V. Olsson, Roes, at differ-
ent occasions in the gravel pit at the north-
ernmost end of the cemeterv at Barshalders-
hed, 'close to where Dr. H. Laurin dug in
1899 '. Donated in 1916 by farm-owner
OlofV Olsson of Roes.
Seax. W&G type SAX5. Completebut badly
corroded. Straight. L tot 530 mm. Blade I
4l6 mm. Max w 30 mm.
Lance head. W&G typeL2. Badly corroded.
Lancet-shaped. Rhomboid cross-section.
Socketed. Extant 1 tot 2l6 mm. Blade I l60
mm. Max extant blade w 50 mm.
Axe head. Symmetric. Orig I edge to hole c.
90 mm. Orig edge w40^5 mm.
Umbo. Cf AEG 644, per V;2. Frags. Brim,
narrowed base, peaked apex.
Knife. Small straight knife according to in-
ventory notes, only point frag found. Max
w 1 7 mm.
Pot. Cf. AEG 481 , 482. 484, per V; 1 . Frags,
incomplete. Turned-out rim, neck, shoulder.
Ribbon-shaped handle. Stamp & line orna-
mented belts delimited by hnes. Small ring
stamps & paired oblique lines. Reddish,
finely tempered, 4 mm thick. Not cleaned
since its excavation.
SHM 15609:2
Gbo. Barshalder, parish gravel pit, cem-sect 1
"Found on the road outside OlofV. Olsson's
of Roes house immediately north of the
Barshaldershed cemetery shortly after gravel
from the cemetery had been put on the road-
surface." Donated in 1916 by farm-owner
OlofV Olsson of Roes.
Strap buckle. Type smbhigh. Crescent-
shaped frame. Tongje and mounting plate
missing. Max w 34 mm. L 25 mm. Strap w
17 mm.
SHM 15609:3 (VZG grave 402)
Gbo^ Barshalder, Roes, Roraker, cem^ect 1
"Found in the Roraker field immediately
north of the cemetery (the field appears origi-
nally to have been a part of the cemetery).
Everythingexcept the burnt glass paste bead,
which was collected by Birger Nerman,
found by the field's owner, OlofV. Olsson
of Roes, at different occasions ...". Donated
in 1916 by farm-owner OlofV Olsson of
Roes.
Disc-on-bowbrooch.VZG 1803> per Vll:4.
1 ^"I'^g-
Pendant. VZG 1893, per VII;4. Like a
domed gaming piece with a loop. Diam 12
mm.
Pendant. Cf VZG 1499, per Vll:3. Frag.
Cluster of concentric circles. Max circle diam
20 mm.
2 beads- 1 brl red. 1 amorph red.
Tweezers. VZG 2001, per VII:4. Fire dam-
aged. Double edge lines and simple cuff or-
nament. L 59 mm.
Bone object. VZG 2127, per V1I:4. Frag.
Igloo-shaped object with dot-circle orna-
ments. High dome and straight sides entirely
unhke gaming pieces. Orig diam c. 17 mm.
H 19 mm.
SHM 19055
Gbo, Bhr, cem-sect 1
Found in 1928 by Harald Hansson 10 metres
from Bhr 1927:09.
Pottery. 4 frags. 1 stamp ornamented, or-
ange, finely tempered, 4.5 mm thick. 2 fit
together, reddish, medium-Rnely tempered,
3 mm thick. 1 grey, grooved, burnished,
finely tempered, 5 mm thick; identical to
pottery from Bhr 1927:08.
SHM 19055
Gbo, Bhr, parish gravel pit, cem-sect 1
Found in 1927-28 byTure Arne or Harald
Hansson. Uncertain provenance.
Comb frag. Tooth plate. Rust-stained rivet
hole.
Knife. Badly corroded blade frag.
3 ironcarpentryrivets, 1 complete, the oth-
ers corroded frags. Round heads, rhomboid
counter was hers. Span 35, 52 mm.
3 nails. 2 complete, 1 frag. >= 1 prob recent.
L53, 71.5 mm.
SHM I 9055:1b
Gbo, Bhr, Uddvide quarry, cem-sect 4
Found during qjarry work c. 1 00 m NW of
Bhr 1927:19 andcollected in 1928 by Harald
Hansson.
Pottery. 8 frags. Stamp ornamented. Red-
dish, medium-coarsely tempered, 3 mm
thick. Not cleaned since their excavation.
219
Bhr stray finds
SHM I9535:d&e
Gbo, Bhr, parish gravel pic &. Roes quarry,
cem-sect 1 & 3
The pottery that Hanssoii sent to Stockliolni
after his excavations in 1930 has become mixed
up as have the finds from Bhr 1930:06, 03, 09
collected by O.V Ohisson. Hansson states that
Ohlsson gave him 3 sets of potsherds consti-
tuting4vessels: one set from Bhr 1930:06 with
two vessels, one set from the edge of the parish
gravel pit near Bhr 1927:1 1, and one set from
the edge of die Roes quarry (Bhr 1930:09).
5 sets of pottery are kept in separate boxes
under the inventory njmber SHM 19535.
These 5 sets constitute at least 6 vessels. 3 of
the boxes are labelled 19535:d (i.e. Bhr
1930:06,08. 09), and each contains theshards
of a single vessel; two Migration Period stamp
ornamented vessels and one wa\'e ornamented
Late Viking Period Baltic Ware vessel {Hulthen
1991 #35, c£ Roslund 2001). The remaining
2 boxes are numbered 19535:e, which the
SHM inventory provenances to the parish
gravel pit. One of the e-boxes contains the
shards ofa single stamp ornamented vessel, the
other a mix of shards from at least two stamp
ornamented vessels plus burnt bone fragments,
charcoal and soil lumps. Finally, the inventory
notes for SHM 19535 mentions a set of shards
from the AB Viigforbattringar gravel pit with-
out a sub-number.
There are three conflicting versions of this
story: Hansson's, the inventory's, and the box-
labels'. Lena Thunmark-Nylen has, reason-
ably suggested in notes attached to the boxes,
that, of the d-pottery, the Migration Period
vessels should be the ones from Bhr 1930;06
[Hansson's first set), while the Viking Period
vessel may be surmised to be the one found
near the contemporary Bhr 1927: 1 1
[Hansson's second set). Accepting this, one
of the two e-boxes should be Hansson's third
set [from the Roes quarry, Bhr 1930:09). The
remaining set may, as Thunmark-Nylen has
suggested, be the inventory's unnumbered
potterv from the AB Viigforbattringar gravel
pit. which may in turn belong with the met-
alwork from Bhr 1930:08. The provenance
of the e-pottery can probably not be estab-
hshed with certainty.
The discrepancy between Hansson's 4
vessels and the at least 6 vessels in the SHM
stores may be due to later sorting of the pot-
tery. There is also the question of why some
of the pottery is still mixed with bone frag-
ments and charcoal.
SHM 19766
Gbo, Bhr, cem-sect 3
Stray find during soil removal at the Roes
quarry. Collected by Nihlen in 1931.
Strap end mount, Cf. WKG 11:130:7-9.
Frag. Tweezers-shaped bronze sheet mount
with double edge line ornament. Extant I
44 mm. Span 2.5 mm,
SHM 32181
Gbo, Roes 1:28, cem-sect 1
Stray find made during Par Hansson's exca-
vations in 1971, not in 1966 as stated in
Carlsson's catalogue (19S8), in the side of
the gravel pit N of the fence. Marked as #1
on the plan inTrotzig 1979 & 1991a.
Penannidar brooch. Carlsson 1988 35:54;
type FAC:S run I; early per D. Diam 27 mm.
SHM 32623
Gbo, Rojrhage 1:1, Raa 54, cem-sect 2
Stray finds collected mainly during turf removal
at G ustaf Trotzig's excavations 1963-1967.
Lance bead. W&G type L4. Complete except
for pointand fairly well preserved. Leaf-shaped.
Ridged blade cross-section continuing as
slightly angular socket cross^ection. Transver-
sal iron rivet through socket. Orig L tot 1 85
mm. Blade I 125 mm. Max blade w47 mm.
Fibula, Burnt frag^ head damaged and foot
missing. Head prob like VWG 33-35^ per
VI; 1. Cast disc on bow. Triangular bow cross-
section. Short hidden bronze axis without
terminal knobs.
5 beads, 1 brl cedr 1 tluc blue oblong ccb. 1
fglob green. 1 amorph due green. 1 amorph
cobalt blue.
Strap buckle. Found in sec pos between Bhr
1967:04, 23, 24a & 24b. Indicated on field-
work plan but not enumerated in Trotzig's
finds list. Not found in stores.
Strap end mount, Indet type. Cf VWG
115-117, 120-126,458-459, per VI: 1-2.
Frag. Cast openwork.
Bronze slieet mount. Frag. Patinated^ unburnt.
Rectangular, broken along abend. Prob half a
fastening plate for a strap buckle. Single edge
line followed by a line of punched semi-circles.
W 25.5 mm. Extant I 29.5 mm.
Staple ring. Non-cavetto ring with cavetto
staple. Ring diam 10.5 mm. Span 5 mm.
Comb, 1 tooth plate frag.
University of Uppsala, Museum of
Scandinavian Antiquities, UMF
34 I 2 (formerly SHM 7678:29).
Fide, Osterby 1:15, cem-sect 7
See SHM 7678:29-30.
10.4 Iron Age grave flnds
and stray finds from
Burstallar-Sallmunds
1897-1997,
SHM 10430
Gbo, Sailmjnds
"Found during tillage at Salimunds." Bought
in 1897 from O.J. Olsson.
Box-sliaped brooch, Thunmark-Nylen 19S3
type D 10, earlier part of the Early Viking
Period.
SHM I 1288 (VZG grave 427)
Gbo, Salimunds
Found in 1 900 by C.A. Carlsson Sviird in a
field belonging to Salimunds.
Box-shaped brooch. 4 frags. Top missing.
Badly corroded. Orig ext diam c. 50 mm.
Animal-headhtoocli.\^G 2135. per V1I:5.
Carlsson 1983 35:32; type 2.3.G: per A. L
58.5 mm.
SHM 11982
Gbo, Salimunds, Raa 2
"Found in several inhumation graves in an
enclosed pasture at Salimunds in Grotlingbo
parish. Sent in to the SHM [in May 1903]
byJ.P. Olsson and O.N. Olsson."
Strap crossing mount. W&G type RVla.
Cf. VZG 687, per VII: 1.
Bronze arm ring. WKG II:155:S. Open.
Bronze arm ring. Open. Bronze sheet. Lai^e
punched dot-circles at ends. Max w 11.3
mm. Max int diam 63 mm.
Bronze arm rmg, Cf. WKG 11:151:1-6.
Slightly tapered rod. Cast spiralled surface.
Punch ornamented ccb joint. Max w 5.6
mm. Max int diam 65 mm.
Bronze arm ring. Open. Flatly tapered rod.
Rectangular cross-section. Max w 5.3 mm.
Max int diam 58.5 mm.
Bronze arm ring, Cf. WKG II:l48:l-5.
Damaged, prob orig open. Tapered rod. Max
w 5.0 mm. Max int diam 67. 5 mm.
Bronze arm ting. Open. Flatly tapered. Cir-
cular cross-section. Max w4.8 mm. Max int
diam 64 mm.
Bronze finger ring. Open. Oval cross-sec-
tion. Int diam 175 mm.
Box^shaped brooch. WKG 11:56:1.
Thunmark-Nylen 19S3 fig. 11 a, type D
spec, earlier part of the Early Viking Period.
Box-shaped brooch. WKG 11:62:3.
Thunmark-Nylen 1983 fig. 62, type BS 8,
Late Viking Period.
Bos-shaped brooch. WKG 11:67:5.
Thunmark-Nylen 1933 fig. 49, type Gbl I,
220
Burstallar-Sallmunds
e:irlier part of the Middle Viking Period.
Box-shaped btoocli. Thunmark-Nyleii 1 983
type D 6 copy, earlier part of the Early Vi-
king Period.
Box-shaped brooch. Thunmark-Nylen 1 983
type G 2:6, earlier pare of che Middle Vi-
king Period.
Box-shaped brooch- Thunmark-Nylen 1 983
type D ]4, later part of the Early or the
Middle Viking Period.
Penanniilai' brooch, Carkson 19S8 35:9;
type FAC:S rjn I; early per D. WKG
0:103:3. Diain4Sinm.
Penannulat brooch, Carlsson 1933 35:10;
type FAQS run I; early per D. Diam43 mm.
Penannular brooch, Carkson 1933 35:1 1;
type FAC:S run I; early per D. Diam 39?
mm.
Penannnlit brooch, Carlsson 1933 35:12;
type RUL:SM run I; early per D. Diam 29
mm.
Penannnlar brooch, Carlsson 1933 35:13;
type VAL run 1; earlv per D. Diam 65 mm.
Penanniilar brooch, Carlsson 1933 35:l4;
type FAC:S sex:a I; per B/C. WKG II:S2:5.
Diam 78 mm.
Penanniilar brooch, Carkson 1933 35:15;
typeTRAKSVore:c+sex:aI,H;perC.WKG
11:96:2. Diam 101 mm.
Penanniilar brooch. Carlsson 1933 35:16;
type FAC:S run I; early per D. Diam 32?
mm.
Animal -head brooch. Carlsson 1983 35:33;
type 0.4.G: per A. L 43 mm.
Animal-head brooch. VZG 1791, per VII:4.
Carlsson 1933 35:34: type 1.3.G; per A L
57 mm.
Animal -head brooch. Carhson 198335:35;
type 1.1. G; per A. L 55.5 mm.
Animal -head brooch. Carhson 198335:36;
type 2. 1 .G; per A. L 47.5 mm.
Animal -head brooch. Carhson 198335:37;
type 6.2. G: per C. L ^9.5 mm.
Animal -head brooch. Carlsson 198335:38;
type 7.2. L; per D. L 53.5 mm.
Dress pin. WKG 11:120:12. L 85 mm.
2 dress pins. Rundqvist Nilsson 1 990 type
Clb, Late Viking Period. Identical. Point
broken off but extant on 1. L 96 mm.
ISbeads. 1 pumpkin turquoise faience. 2brl
black with white intersecting belts framing 3
protruding eyes with black pupils and white/
black radial iris. 1 brl black with white inter-
secting belts framing 3 protruding eyes with
green pupils and red/white radial iris. 1 brl
black with white intersecting belts framing 3
protruding eyes with green centre white/black
radial edge pupils and red/white radial iris. 1
brl yellow with 3 protruding eyes with black
pupil and red/whiteyblack radial iris. 1 cyl black
with double white edge lines and wavy white
equator. 1 obi polyhedral tluc blue. 1 brl tluc
green with white wa^'v equator slaloming yel-
low dots. 1 pumpkin tluc blue. 1 oblqconred-
1 brl red. 1 cyl green. 1 fglob amber diam 23
mm. 1 bicon amber. 1 <yl amber. 2 brl amber
Bronze chain frags. Twisted S-links. Fused
with iron rust.
Strip buckle. WKG 11:127:3. Separate axes
for tongue and fastening plate. Most of plate
missing.
Strap bncWe. Cf. WKG 11:124:8. 125:4.
Composite. Remnants of iron tongue. L 31
mm. Strap w 25.5 mm.
Strap joiner. WKG 11:136:3. 3-spoked
wheel.
Strap fastening mount. Cf. WKG 11:1 27: 7>
136:9. From a buckle or. more prob, the
abovementioned joiner. Trapezoid. Folded
bronze sheet with cast U-shaped bronze rib
riveted onto one side. Leather preserved in
span. Span 2.5 mm. Orig I c. 34 mm.
Strap ring mount. Nondescript frags. Half
of extremeiv worn loop extant. 2 extremely
worn contact surfaces opposite each other
on inside of ring. Leather preserved on rivet.
Int ring diam 10 mm.
Pottery, 4 frags. Flat vessel base. Orange sur-
face, dark grey core, coarsely tempered.
Bronze sheet cylinder. Open, made from a
rolled-up rectangle with holes in 2 corners
and a notch in the middle of the opposite
short-side. L 17 mm. Diam 4.5 mm.
2 bronze rings, 1 with a worn contact sur-
face on the inside. Int diam 18.5 & 19.5
mm.
Bronze ring. Warped. Open. Oval cross-sec-
tion. Rust-stained.
Iron frags. 1 from rod with end-loop. From
horse bit?
Burstallar-Sallmunds 1903:01
<SHM I3436:CI)
Excavated by Hans Hansson.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 21 77F).
Ss: Stone setting of small stones.
Is: Slab cist, 290°.
BD: Inhumation. 6 teeth collected.
Nail. Fused with wood. L 64 mm.
Burstallar-Sallmunds 1903:02
(SHM I3436:C2)
Excavated by Hans Hansson.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA 21 77F).
Ss: Indistinct round stone setting. Diam 3 m.
Is: Slab and igneous drystone cist with 2 lid
slabs over the N end, c. 0°. Possibly previ-
ously disturbed.
BD: Inhumation. Badly decayed.
Pot, Frags. Reconstructible. Not cleaned since
excavation. Turned-out rim, short neck, shoul-
der. Unadorned, Terracotta-coloured surface,
black interior, coarsely tempered^ 7 mm thick
Rim diam c. 200 mm.
Burstallar-Sallmunds 1903:03
(SHM I343£:C3)
Excavated by Hans Hansson.
Picdoc: Plan (ATA2177F).
Ss: None preserved due to cultivation.
Is: Inhumation trench lined with 7 igneous
stones, igneous stone lid slab over abdomen,
25°.
BD: Inhumation. 10 teeth collected.
Box-shaped brooch, Thunmark-Nylen 1983
type BS 2:1 A copy, later part of the Middle
Viking Period.
Dress pin. Rundqvist Nilsson 1990 type A3,
Middle Viking Period. LSI mm.
Dress pin. Frags. Same type as the above-
mentioned but with corroded iron stem and
bronze head. Fused with textile remains. L tot
86 mm.
Knife. Frags.
3 nails. Frags.
Charcoal. Found at head and feet.
Burstallar-Sallmunds 1903:04
(SHM I3436:C4)
Excavated by Hans Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss:-
Is: Cremation layer 10 cm below ground
surface.
BD: Cremation.
Animal tooth.
Burstallar-Sallmunds 1903:0?
(SHM I3436:C5)
Excavated by Hans Hansson.
Picdoc: -
Ss: Stone setting. Diam 4 m.
Is: Inhumation trench lined with 4 small
slabs, c. 90°.
BD: Inhumation. Badly decayed. 1 tooth
collected.
Beard axe head. Remnants of handle in hole.
L 1 15 mm. Edge w 35 mm.
Amber amulet. WKG 11:172:8. Beard axe-
shaped.
Strap fastening mount. Frags. Tweezers-
shaped bronze sheet. Rivets in corners. Max
w 12 mm.
Knife. 2 tang frags.
221
Burstallar-Sallmunds
Knifesheathloopnioiint-Cf:WKGII;!87:5.
Badly corroded. Droplei-shaped loop with
ends flattened to fastening plates. Remains
of 1 rivet.
Pot. Frags. Upper half reconstructiblc. Turned-
out rini» short neck^ shoulder. Pale brown sur-
face, black interior, medium temper, 7 mm
thick. Rim diam c. 90 mm.
Bronze wire nng. Ends joined with knot.
Max int diam 17.5 mm.
2 bronze joint rivets. Frags. Paired bronze
sheet rectangles joined by single rivets at
ends. Max 1 1 7 mm.
Ornamental rivet. Domed bronze sheet head
with thin brim. Orig diam 12 mm.
SHM l3436:C6-9
Gbo, Sallmunds
"Sundrv finds from graves previously de-
stroyed by the landowner". Collected by Hans
Hansson in 1903.
Sword. Badly corroded blade frag. Dama-
scened.
Lance/javelin bead. Socket frag.
Strap joiner. WKG 11:136:5. 3-spoked
wheel.
Iron key, L-shaped. Droplet-shaped loop. 3
prongs, all missing. L 135 mm. Not found
in stores.
Knife, Off-set tang. Orig I tot c. l65 mm.
Orig blade 1 83 mm. Mas blade w 1 3 mm.
10 knives. Frags.
Iron carpentry rivet. Fused with wood. Span
25 mm.
Amber lump. Amorphous.
20 iron frags. Max I 50 mm.
SHM 17239 (VZG grave 428)
Gbo, Sallmunds
"Found by spinster Maria Soderdahl of
Siffride in Fide parish during beet thinning
a few years ago in a field belonging to 5/64
mantal Sallmunds property in Grotlingbo
parish. According to the finder there see no
visible monuments at the site, but finds have
been made there several times before and
submitted to the authorities." Submitted in
1923.
Box-shaped broocli. Thunmark-Nylen 1 9S3
type D 2: 1 , early part of Early Viking Pe-
riod. Cf VZG 2169, per Vll:5. Gilded or-
naments. Diam 52 mm. Height 18 mm.
Animal -bead brooch. Carlsson 198335:39;
type 3.3. G; per B. L 51 mm.
inventory to originate from a non-existent
Sallmunds in Fide.
Tweezers, Line ornamented cuff. Open
bronze wire ring. L 55 mm.
Private collection Hansson
(ATA439-6SIS-I996)
Gbo^ Sallmunds, Raa 2
Stray finds from the destroyed cemetery, col-
lected until c. 1947. The collection of Bertil
Hansson^ Sallmunds^ Grotlingbo. Studied
and documented on 27 June 1996.
Penannular brooch. Carlsson 1938 type
TRAKRAsexial, per B/C. Ext diam 83.5
uim. Int diam 66 mm. Knob height 19 &
17 mm. Double edge hne ornament on the
top faces of the terminal knobs. Unadorned
ring body. Tongue loop damaged but tongue
extant.
Animal-head brooch. Carlsson 1983 type
1.3.G, per A. Kidney-shaped eye-marks.
Ribbed side mouldings. Textile patterning
on int surface. Pin missings but there is a
hole at the middle of the lower back ridge.
Another hole is found on the lower edge
beside the dx corner post, probably to se-
cure a bead string. L 52 mm. Corner post
height 3 & 7 mm.
Utensil brooch. KHN type A2d3. Cf. VZG
1878-1879, per VII:4, but without the ex-
tra outer bar on the protrusion. High frame
with openwork protrusion. Face masks at the
protrusion's joints with the frame. Stepped
buttresses from the masks inward to the
middle of the protrusion's outer bar Pin
missing. A hole in the upper frame edge op-
posite the protrusion. Frame diam 32.5 mm.
Frame height 10 mm. Max w protrusion 35
mm.
Dress pin, Rundqvist Nilsson 1990 type
A4c. Middle Viking Period. Droplet-shaped
solid head covered with ornamentation,
joined to the stem with three ribs, a hole at
the top. L tot 36.5 mm.
6 heads, 3 brl red. 1 brl orange. I ring tluc
blue. 1 brl reddish black with 3 equatorial
eyes, black pupil, black & white radial iris.
10.5 Iron Age finds, exclud-
ing precious-metal hoards,
from Grotlingbo and Fide
parishes (except Bars-
halder and Burstallar-
Sallmunds) 1858-1997.
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford,
1909:10
Gbo psh
Acquired in 1396 by Sir John Evans, pre-
sented in 1909 by Sir Arthur Evans to the
Ashmolean.
Disc brooch, MacGregor et al 1997 #2.2.
Cf. VZG 86-S7, per VII: I. Counter-clock-
wise Style II swastika ornament. Vestiges of
iron pin. Diam 43 mm. Thickness 5.5 mm.
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford,
1909:46
Gbo psh
Acquired in 1396 from the SHM by Sir John
Evans, presented in 1909 bySir Arthur Evans
to the Ashmolean.
Proto- animal -be ad brooch, MacGregor et
al. 1 997 #3. 1 . VZG per VII: ! -2. Cast line
ornament. Vestiges of iron pin. L 34 mm.
W 24 mm.
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford,
1909:98
Gbo psh
Acquired in 1396 by Sir John Evans, pre-
sented in 1909 by Sir Arthur Evans to the
Ashmolean.
Utensil brooch. MacGregoretal. 1997#7.1.
Cf. VZG 158-177, per VII:1. Single tra-
pezoid strap-protrusion with a bearded face
and 2 rivets. Punch ornamented with single
dots and a Z enclosing pellets. Pin missing.
L 45.5 mm. Frame diam 30 mm.
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford,
1909:104
Gbo psh
Acquired in 1396 by Sir John Evans, pre-
sented in 1909 by Sir Arthur Evans to the
Ashmolean.
Strap end mount. VWG 46% per VT:2.
MacGregor et al. 1997 #23.1. Openwork
^ch paired animal heads, a human face-
mask and an animal-head terminal. Fasten-
ing plate broken off and missing. Extant 1
53 mm. W 15 mm.
GF C8924
Gbo, Sallmunds
Added to the GF collection in 193S. Said in
British Museum 1921 I 1.1.24
Gbo or Boge psh
Presented by James Curie of Melrose to the
222
Gbo & Fide psh Iron Age finds
BM in 1921. Gbo psh according to the BM
register^ Boge 1897 according lo Curie's in-
ventory.
Bronze key. VZG ll43, per VII: 2. L 101
British Museum 1921 ii.i.2S
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie of Melrose in 1897
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unpro-
venanced in theBM register, Grdtlingbo 1897
according to Curie's inventory.
Bronze key. Prob Roman Iron Age. L-shaped
without any prongs. Faceted handle. Suspen-
sion loop with worn ring. L 91 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.35
Gbo or Vascerhejde psh
Presented byjames Curie ofMeirose to the
BM in 1921. Viisterhejde according to the
BM register, Boge 1892 according to Curie's
inventory.
Strap buckle, VWG 503, per VI;2. Open-
work fastening plate with animal-head ter-
mination. L 60 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.36
Gbo psh
Acquired byjames Curie ofMeirose in 1 S97
and presented to the BM in 1921.
FibiJa, Type fibwidel . Cf. VWG lO-l 7> per
VI:1. 3 polygonal knobs, dot-circle punch
ornament, faceted bow with cast disc, trap-
ezoid foot. Fire damaged, axis knobs and part
of foot missing. Extant 1 51 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.66
Gbo psh?
Acquired byjames Curie ofMeirose in 1 897
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unprove-
nanced in the BM register, Grdtlingbo 1 897
according to Curie's inventory.
Proto- animal -head brooch, VZG per VII: 1.
L 32 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.67
Gbo psh?
Acquired byjames Curie ofMeirose in 1892
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unprove-
nanced in the BM register, Grotlingbo 1892
according to Curie's inventory,
Proto-anlmal-head brooch, VZG perVlI:l.
L 28 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.69
Gbo psh
Acquired byjames Curie ofMeirose in 1 892
and presented to the BM in 1921.
Duckbill brooch. Smith 1 923: l67 fig. 221d.
Cf. VZG 832-836, per VII:2. L 48 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.74
Gbo psh
Acquired by James Curie ofMeirose in 1892
and presented to the BM in I92I.
Animal-head broocli, Carlsson 1983 35:47;
type l.l.G; per A. L 47 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.176-185
Gbo psh?
"Grave fmd" acquired by James Curie of
Melrose in 1891 and presented to the BM
in 1921. Unp rove na need in the BM regis-
ter, Grotlingbo 1391 according to Curie's
inventory. Apparently not an ajthentic en-
semble judging from the mixed periods and
genders, as well as the fact that not all of the
objects are fire damaged.
Disc-on-bow brooch. Cf VZG 64-70, per
VII:1. "Sub-triangular foot-plate with ter-
minal disc . . . rebated for panels of cloisonne
garnet inlays; rivets with garnet disc inlaid
heads secure circular inlays of white paste;
punched decoration; applied twisted silver
wire enrichment." L 76 mm.
Disc brooch, KHN type I la. Cf. VZG 96.
893-896, per VII: 1 -2. Narrow flanged edge.
Single hole near edge. Punched dot orna-
ment. Diam 29 mm.
Proto -animal -head brooch. \'ZG per VII: 1 .
L 33 mm.
2 chain holders with chains, VZG 1022.
per V1I:2. Triangular, dot-circle punch or-
nament. Joined by 4 chains fastened to 5
holes along bottom edges. L4l mm. Simple
bronze strip chain links.
3 bronze bracteites. Montelius 1869 type
E. Embossed bronze sheet, now mostly oblit-
erated, soldered onto bronze sheet backing.
Ribbed loops. Diam 31, 33, 40 mm.
66 beads. 29 brl dark monochrome. 24 bri
limestone. 2 oblong qcon dark mono-
chrome. 2 cyl dark monochrome. 3 cyl
polychrome with equatorial belts. 2 brl poly-
chrome with equatorial belts. 4 indeter-
minable. No fire damage. Described from a
monochrome photograph.
Strap buckle. Cf. composite buckles in Bhr
1961:33a, fig. 10:18. Oval profiled frame.
Cast fastening plate with 2 loops bent over
back edge of frame. Domed-head bronze
rivets in corners. Frame w 29 mm.
Strap buckle. VWG ]60,perVI:l.
Comb. Burnt frags. Composite single-sided.
Edge line ornament.
Knife. Unidentifiable in stores, possibly BM
1921 11.1.388, I 131 mm,
British Museum 1921 11.1.227
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie ofMeirose in 1892
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unprove-
nanced in the BM register, Grodingbo 1892
according to Curie's inventory.
Strap ring mount- VWG 133, per VI;]. L
1 8 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.228
Gbo psh
Acquired by James Curie ofMeirose in 1892
and presented to the BM in 1 921 .
Strap buckle, VWG 157. per Vl:l. Type
smbovalb. L 38 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.229
Gbo psh or Vallstena psh
Grdtlingbo 1897 according to the BM reg-
ister^ Vallstena 1898 according to Curlers
inventory.
Strapjoinet.Cf.\CT<:G 11:136:3-5. Diam 30
mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.235
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie ofMeirose in 1892
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unprove-
nanced in the BM register, Grodingbo 1892
according to Curie's inventory.
Strap end mount. VWG 465, per Vl:2. Type
smeopen3. Ornate openwork. L 76 mm.
British Museum 1921 I 1.1.236
Gbo psh?
Acquired byjames Curie ofMeirose in 1892
and presented to the BM in 1921, Unprove-
nanced in the BM register, Grotlingbo 1392
according to Curie's inventory.
Strap end mount. \'WG 126, per VI: 1. Type
smeopen2. Ornate openwork. L 63 mm.
British Museum 1921 I 1.1.237
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie ofMeirose in 1892
and presented to the BM in 1 921 . Unprove-
nanced in theBM register, Grdtlingbo 1397
according to Curie's inventory.
Strap end mount. Cf. VZG 250, per VII: 1.
"Cast, narrow, tongue-shaped; profiled bev-
elled edge^ rebated end with two attachment
rivets." L 90 mm.
British Museum 1921 I 1.1.238
Gbo psh
Acquired by James Curie ofMeirose in 1897
223
Gbo & Fide psh Iron Age finds
and presented Co theBM in 1921. Grdcling-
bo 1397 in the BM register, purchased in
Hemse according to Curie's inventory.
Strap joiner. VWG 171, per Vl:l. Type
smjhing. Hinged. Faceted ring attached to
corner with riveted ornate bronze strip loop.
Silver sheet rivet heads. L tot 76 mm. W 1 1
mm. Ring diani 1 2 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.244
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie of Melrose in 1887
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unpro-
venanced in the BM register, Grotlingbo
1837 according to Curie's inventory.
Knife handle butt mount. VZG per VTI: 1 -
2. "Cast oval plate surmounted by cocked-
hat terminal; flanged edge with projecting
attachment lug at each end". L 20 mm.
British Museum 1921 ii.i.24S
Gbo psh
Acquired by James Curie of Melrose in 1897
and presented to the BM in 1921.
Disc brooch. Type 16. Cf VZG 901-902,
per V1I:2. "Cast, with flanged edge; central
collar with white shell inlay secured by cen-
tral spht-pin; punched decoration." Diam
25 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.246
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie of Melrose in 1891
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unprove-
nanced in the BM register, Grotlingbo 1891
according to Curie's inventory.
Bridle mount. VZG 1 729> per Vll:3. Frag.
Strap fastener. Cast Style II ornament. Ex-
tant 1 46 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.247
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie of Melrose in 1891
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unprove-
nanced in the BM register, Grodingbo 1891
according to Curie's inventory.
Sword grip mount. VZG 1 187, per Vll;2.
Grip collar. Cast Style II ornament. Garnet
inlay. L 39 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.248
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie of Melrose in 1897
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unprove-
nanced in the BM register, Grotlingbo 1 897
according to Curie's inventory.
Birdmoimt. Cf. VZG 191-193, per VIM.
Central rivet. Punch ornament. L 29 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.249
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie of Melrose in 1897
and presented to theBM in 1921. Unprove-
nanced in the BM register, GrotHngbo 1897
according to Curie's inventory.
Bird mount, Cf VZG 203-204, per VII: 1.
Cast rivet stem on back; punched and ribbed
decoration. L31 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.268
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie of Melrose in 1893
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unprove-
nanced in theBM register Grotlingbo 1893
according to Curie's inventory.
Utensil brooch. Cf. VZG 167-177, per
Villi. Trapezoid strap -fastener protrusion
with bearded mask at base and 2 rivets.
Transversal bronze tongue. Frame diam 26
mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.271
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie of Melrose in 1897
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unprove-
nanced in theBM register Grotlingbo 1897
according to Curie's inventory.
Utensil htooch. VZG 139, per Vlhl. Diam
38 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.278
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie of Melrose in 1891
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unprove-
nanced in theBM register Grotlingbo 1891
according to Curie's inventory.
Disc hrooch. VZG 330, per V1I:2. KHN
type 12. Diam 36 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.319
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie of Melrose in 1897
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unprove-
nanced in theBM register Grotlingbo 1897
according to Curie's inventory.
Btidle strap crossing mount. VZG 1256,
perVII;2. L 57 mm.
British Museum 1921 11. 1.324-325
Gbo psh?
Acquired by James Curie of Melrose in 1897
and presented to the BM in 1921. Unprove-
nanced in theBM register Grotlingbo 1897
according to Curie's inventory.
2 dtess pins- Mushroom heads. Dot-circle
and line ornament. L 61 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.329
Gbo psh or Burs psh
Presented by James Curie of Melrose to the
BM in 1921. Burs 1892 according to the
BM register, Grotlingbo psh according to
Curie's inventory
Dresspin,Late Viking Period. "Head a polyhed-
ral knob, sunnounted by a lug perforated for
attachment; punched decoration". L 36 mm.
British Museum 1921 11.1.330
Gbo psh or Burs psh
Presented byjames Curie of Melrose to the
BM in 1921. Grotlingbo psh according to
the BM register. Burs 1892 according to
Curie's inventory
Dress pin. Late Viking Period. "Ovoid head,
surmounted by lug perforated for attach-
ment; dot-punched decoration". L 84 mm.
GFAi337
Fide psh
Found in Fide in 1376. Submitted in 1877
by Mr. Hans Edmund Ackander of Vam-
lingbo.
Penannular brooch. Carlsson 1988 24:12;
type FAC:S rom:a; per D/E. Diam 34 mm.
GF Cii6
Fide, Anderse, Raii 30, the Fideniis Railway
Station
Graves destroyed in 1907 by the railroad
workmen 7.8 km from Havdhem in a pas-
ture belonging to Lars Andersson of Anderse.
See alsoSHM 13204.
Box-sliaped brooch, Thunmark-Nylen 1933
type D 10, early part of Early Viking Pe-
riod. Cf VZG 2161-2165, perVll:5. Frag.
4 ornament fields. Indistinct ornamentation.
Top diam 49 mm.
Penannular hrooch. Carlsson 1988 24:13; type
FAC:US sex:a + oreic; per C Diam 54 mm.
6 animal-head brooches. Carlsson 1983
24:6-11: type 0.1. G, O.l.G, 5.3,N, 5.3.N,
5.3.N, 4{0.G; per A, A, Q Q C, A-C L
51,?, 55, 54.5, 55.5,? mm.
2 dtess pinSr Rundqvist Nilsson 1990 type
A5a, Early Viking Period. L 74 & 75 mm.
Dress pin. Rundqvist Nilsson 1990 typeA6,
Late VikJng Period. Very well preserved. L
65 mm.
Dress pin. Badly corroded. Globular head
joined to stem with cuff Extant 1 56 mm.
10 heads. 4 bri red. 2 bri white. 2 ccb green
with red polar caps and 4 black-white-red
equatorial eyes. 1 bri tluc green. 1 bri blue
with 2 wavy intersecting white- red -white
equatorial belts.
224
Gbo & Fide psh Iron Age finds
Bronze chain. S-sh:iped links. Iron ring frag
at end. L without ring 213 mm. Thickness
6 mm.
Bronze chain. 6 frags. S-shaped links. L 3S
+ c. 35 mm. Thickness 4 mm.
Strap bncUe. Cf. WKG 11:128:3-6. Frame
frag. Flat, cast beaded ornamentation. Scrap
w 1 6 mm.
Knife, Frag.
Bronze object. 1 frag, pierced with rivet.
From the bottom of yet another animal-head
brooch?
GFCI028
Gbo psh
Added to the GF collection in 1910.
Dress pin. Viking Period, unique details.
Pear^haped head with deeply carved cast
interlace ornamentation and loop. L 79 mm.
GF C2062
Gbo psh
Added to the GF collection in 1912.
Lance head, Cf WKG ir:242:3-5> 11:246.
Almost intact. Long tapered point. Rhom-
boid cross-section. Socketed. Orig blade 1 c.
300 mm. Orig I tot c. 415 mm. Orig max
blade w c. 40 mm.
GFC33I9-3320
Gbo, Ronnings
Found during the demolition of a house.
Submitted to the CF in 191 6.
Brooch pin. Spiral-line and wriggled orna-
mentation. L 4.9 mm.
Bronze ting. Medieval? Open. Cast orna-
mentation. Cuffed ends. Int diam 18 mm.
GFC392I-3922
Gbo, Biilshage
Added to the GF collection in 1918.
9 garni ng pieces. Burnt. Domed. Diam 17-
20 mm. Height 6.4-8.8 mm.
2 strap loop mounts. Cf. \^WG 183-137,
per VI:]. 1 complete + 1 frag. Cast rivets
with domed heads. Span 3^.5 mm.
GF C4248
Fide psh
Added to the GF collection in 1919.
Strap end mount. Cf VWG 122-124, per
Vi: ] . Openwork. Base half frag. Leather re-
mains in span.
GFC'ISSI
Gbo, Sles
Found in a quarry near Sles. Added to the
GF collection in 1919.
Animal-head broocli, Carlsson 1983 35:56;
type 5.4.N; per C. L 54.5 mm. Base plate
missing. 2 opposed secondary rivet holes on
edges.
GF C4427
Fide, Mastedny
Added to the GF collection in 1920.
Fibula. Frag. Not found in stores.
GFC7I56-7I57
Fide, Odvalds
Found by labourer Viktor Karlsson c. 50 m
E of Odvalds at a depth ofc. 35 cm. Submit-
ted to the GF in 1930.
Animal-head brooch, Carlsson 1 983 24: 1 2;
type 5.2.G; per C. L 60 mm.
Strap buclde. Not found in stores.
GF C7200
Gbo, Sandes
Submitted by J.T. Jakobsson of Allmungs in
Havdhem in 1930.
Bronze sewing needle. L 1 22 mm.
GFC720I
Gbo, Sandes
Submitted by J.T. Jakobsson of Allmungs in
Havdhem in 1930.
Biigelknopf fibula, Cf Helgesson & Stjern-
quist 2001:146-147, fig. 7. Eggers phase C3.
Knob on head. Axis missing, spiral extant,
pin broken off Obhque decorative furrows
on bow. Very short foot. L 35. S mm. Spiral
w 1 5 mm.
GFC76II
Gbo, Lunda
Found during beet thinning in "lucko" c. 1
km SE of the dwelling-house. Submitted by
Martin Larsson in 1 93 1 .
Strike- a- li gilt stone. Cf AEG 417, per V:l.
93x55x29 mm.
GFC83I9
Gbo, Roes
Found by Valter Nilsson. Bought from dis-
trict m.edical officer Kurt Bergstrom of Visby
in 1934.
Arm ring. Open, ends overlap. Simple tapered
bronze rod. Irregular pentagonal outhne. Max
int diam 69 mm.
GF C083S6
Gbo, Ronnings, Ainarakern
Found during tillage in the Ainar ("juniper")
field by Ture Soderstrom. Bought through
Dr. Kurt Bergstrom in 1934.
Fish-head pendant brooch, Cf WKG
II: 1 62:22. 3 gilded and silvered Late Viking
Period fish -head pendants, soldered together
and re-used as a brooch. 44 x 48 mm.
GF C8487
Gbo, Kaitljnds
Found in a cairn. Bought from Daniel Johans-
son of Grotlingbo in 1934. There is a Katt-
lunds property in cemetery section 2 at Bars-
hatder.
Lance head. Cf WKG 11:239:2-6. Slightly
corroded and bent. Squarish socket cross-sec-
tion. Remnants of transversal rivet in socket.
Estant 1 tot c. 380 mm. Socket 1 c. 80 mm.
Orig max blade w c. 34 mm.
GF C8699
Fide, Stora Vastergarda, Klautarakern, Raa
34
Found by Helge Jakobsson of Stora Vaster-
garda in May 1936 during harrowing of the
Klautarakern field, c. 400 m E of the road, c.
500 m NE of Unghanse in Oja and c. 50 m
N of the Fide-Oja parish border (ATA 2522/
1936).
Gold bracteate. VZG 936, per VII:2.
Montelius 1869 type E.
GF C8898
Gbo, Skradarve, Hiiggardsakern
Found by Miss Astrid Nilsson in the Hazard s-
akern field c. 200 mN of the building. Bought
viafiirmer WaldemarGustafsson of Skradarve
in 1938.
Bead. 1 briblue with 3 equatorial eyes, green
pupil, radial yellow and eroded iris.
GF C8986
Gbo, Skradarve, Ronningsmyr
Found by workman Hugo Uddin at Ron-
ningsmyr, on land belonging to Valdemar
Gustavsson of Skradarve. Bought from J.T.
Jacobsson of Havdhem in 1939.
Penannular brooch, Carlsson 1988 35:44-
typeFAC:US sex:al; perB/C. Diam 74 mm.
GF C9005
Gbo psh
Gift from Captain T Jakobsson of Visby in
1939.
Knife. 6 frags. Wood remains on tang. Ex-
tant blade w 2.4 mm.
Pol. Reconstructed, Hour-glass-shaped. Rim
diam 70 mm. Min diam 57 mm. Height 64
mm.
225
Gbo & Fide psh Iron Age finds
GFC909I
Gbo, Roes
Bought via school-teacher Herman Stengard
of Linde from Mrs Ester Ekman of Kauparve
in Linde parish in 1940.
Bronze chain, 1 frag. Double-linked S -shaped
links, thus very compact. 1 63 x 3 mm.
GF C9236
Gbo, Barshalderhed?
Collected hy archive assistant David Gadd
at the home of O.R PetterssonofSallmunds
and submitted to the GF in 1942.
2 penannnlar broodies. Carlsson 198S
35:45-i6; both type FAC;S rom:a; per D &
per D/E. Diam 36 & 35 mm.
GF C929S
Gbo psh according to box labels no find
location given in inventory.
Gift from pharmacist Ada Block of Hemse
in 1943.
Animal -head brooch. Carlsson 195335:57;
type 4.1 l.G; per B. WKG 11:17:1. L 57.5
GF C9788
Gbo, common gravel pit near church
Found c. 1930 in the gravel pit near the
church. Gift from farmer Erik Pettersson of
Kauparve in Gbo in 1952.
Pottery. Shoulder frag. Prob t jrned-out rim.
Stamp and line ornamented. Black with
bronze sheen surface, dark grey core^ coarsely
tempered, 7 mm thick.
GFCI0IS6
Gbo psh
Found on gravel path at Kauparve and thus
most probably taken from orig find spot at
a gravel pit. Gift from Mr Erik Pettersson of
Kauparve in 1959.
Animal -head brooch. Carlsson 198335:55;
type 7. lO.G; per E. Remnants of iron pin.
Hole drilled on sin side of neck. L 44 mm.
GFCI0IS9
Gbo, Roes 1:39
Found during ditch -digging on the premises
in the 1940s. Gift from farmer K.J. Johansson
of Roes in August 1959.
Dischrooch. KHN type 12. Cf.VZG 1403,
per VI 1:3. Edge decorated with 3-line inter-
lace. 25% of edge and both fastening flaps
missing. Diam 4l mm. Edge thickness 5.2
mm.
Dress pin, Bent^ burnt. Horizontally flat
squarish head with protruding domed knobs
on corners and a cylindrical knob on top.
Stem locally thickened above middle. L 88
GF CI 1577:1-3
Fide, Odvalds
Submitted to the GF in 1968, but also
reported to have been bought from Folke
Hjorter in 1982.
Tweezers. Cf. VZG 1 101, per Vl:2. Broken
in two^ halves joined with central rivet.
Ribbed cuff at base, ornamented loop. L 70
mm. Found in the field c. 200 m N of the
dwelling-house c. 20 years previously.
Bronze sewing needle, L 74 mm. Found in
the fleld c. 50 m E of the dwelling-house c.
10 years previously.
Silver coin, Siaren Norby I5th century.
Pierced.
GF without inventory number &
SHM 10736:1
Gbo psh according to Lysholm
Shield handle termination. VZG 652, per
VIM. Rundkvist 1995a. Broken in two.
complete. The upper half of the termination
is kept in the GF according to Nerman, but
could not be found in the stores in 1995.
The lower half is kept in the SHM.
Kaimar Lans Museum f049
Gbo psh
Acquired in the period 1870-1888.
Fibula. Eggers phase C. Frag. Headless. Most
of spiral and pin missing.
Kaimar Lans Museum 1050
Gbo psh
Acquired in the period 1870-1888.
Brooch pin. Tapered. Butt flattened and
pierced for 3n axis. Unadorned. L 4] mm.
Kaimar Lans Museum i056
Gbo. Soderqvie
Acquired in the period 1870-1888.
Lance head, W&G type L4. Leaf-shaped.
Socketed. L 175 mm. Blade I c. Il6 mm.
Max w 50 mm. Max socket diam 28 mm.
Kaimar Lans Museum 1057
Gbo, Soderqvie
Acquired in the period 1870-1888. This in-
ventory number is also found on a mislabelled
Viking Period brooch (Carlsson 198335:67).
whose provenance is actually unknown.
Proto- animal-head brooch. VZG per VII; 1-2.
Frag. Footmissing W 23 mm. Extant 1 23 mm.
Kaimar Lans Museum i 058
Gbo, Soderqvie
Acquired in the interval 1870-1888.
Proto -animal-head brooch. KHN type G4b.
Complete but corroded. Unadorned. Joined
by a thread with a bronze chain frag. L 32
mm. Mas w 22 mm.
Kaimar Lans Museum i 059
Gbo, Soderqvie
"Grave find" acquired in the 1870-lS80s,
Dress pin. Stem frag.
Bronze chain frag, 5 round wire links.
>=65 beads. Burnt. Almost exclusively fglob
red and brl red with a few orange ones.
Pot, 4 frags including 2 rim & 1 bottom.
Thin finely tempered ware.
C. 20 nietal frags. Bronze sheet, bronze
lumps and some iron.
1 burnt bone (I'ag.
Kaimar Lans Museum 2770-2774
Gbo psh
"No 2770-2774, which show evidence of
burning, were found together in Grotlingbo,
Gotland. They were bought [in 1838] from a
Jew"
Arm ring. 5 frags. Open. Zigzag ornament.
Ribbed end, cuff with a punched dot-circle.
Disc-on-bow brooch. Cf. VZG 68, per
VII:]. Red glass inlay L 80 mm.
Openwork disc. Frags.
37 beads. Most of them brl red, some or-
ange, one green^ one yellow. 2 obi qcon red.
Utensil brooch. Simple openwork protru-
sion. Pin missing. L 47 mm. W 28 mm.
2 bronze chain frags. 80 + 70 mm. Kept with
utensil brooch but not mentioned in original
inventory notes.
Private coiiection Boiinder
Gbo,Bdlske 1:2, Raii 110
Found in tilled fleld.
3 beadsr 1 green, 1 orange, 1 gold foliate.
Pottery. Not collected.
Private coiiection i-iafdeii
(ATA4i3-2230-i998)
Fide, Fidenas & Raa 3
The collection of Tommy Pettersson &
Elisabeth Hafdell, Fidenas. Collected by
Bengt Hafdell and his father in the Fidenas
area before c. I960. Studied and docu-
mented in July and August 1 997.
Samanid silver coin. Quarter frag. Orig
diam c. 23 mm. Type determination by Gert
Rispling January /February 1 998. Caliphate,
Samanid, caliph (al-Muctadid), prince
226
Gbo & Fide psh Iron Age finds
[Ismacil b. Ahmad), Samarkand {287AH =
AD 900), CNS 8.1.15.47.
Arm ring. Open. Flattened oval cross^ec-
tion, tapered toward rounded ends. Max int
diam 55.5 mm. Min int diani ai the middle
of the opening 50 mm. Wax w 7 mm. Max
thickness 5.5 mm. Well-preserved.
Arm ring. Open. Rounded rhomboid cross-
section^ tapered toward one end with a cy-
lindrical cuff and one rounded, possible bro-
ken, end. Slightly deformed. Max int diam
66 mm. Min int diam at the middle of the
opening 36 mm. Max w5.5 mm. Max thick-
ness 6.5 mm. Corroded.
Aninial-liead brooch. Carlsson 1983 type
7:4. N, per D. Pitted ornament including
muzzle surface. Featjreless back ridge con-
tinuing across neck surfece. Riveted baseplate
with concentric line ornament. Stepped pin
holder Slight damage to the sin back corner
of the base plate, otherwise intact and well-
preserved. L 53 mm. Max w 40 mm. L bot-
tom aperture 27 mm. Height corner posts 21
& 22 (dx) mm.
2penannu]ar brooches. Carlsson 1988 type
FACiUS sex;a, per B/C. Similar, both lack-
ing tongues, one broken but complete. Face-
ted terminal knobs without stems. Flattened
hexagonal cross -sect ion. Traces of longitu-
dinal dot ornamentation on the top side.
Max int diam 43 &40^5 mm. Knob height
including ring body 7-8 mm. Knob base 3-
9 mm. Corroded, most of surface gone.
Penannular brooch, Carlsson 1988 type
FAC;S rom;a, per E. Tongue and one end
missing. Faceted terminal knob on a stem.
High rhomboid cross -section. Closely spaced
ornamental notches on the back ridge. Max
int diam 46 mm- Knob height including ring
body 1 1 mm. Knob base 4. 5 mm. Corroded.
Penannular brooch. Carlsson 1988 type
RUL:SM sex:a, per B/C. Only the loop re-
mains of the tongue. Rolled-up ends. Flat-
tened hexagonal cross -section. Max int diam
46 mm. Edge line ornament on the tongje
loop. Corroded.
4 beads. 1 brl tluc blue. 1 qcub tlucblue. 1
lemon-shaped yellow (frag). 1 dcon amber
diam l6.5 mm.
Bead. 1 1 th century. Fglob black with 3 equa-
torial eyes, turquoise pupil, red & white ra-
dial iris, diam l4 mm. Found during culti-
vation N of the Grind vaktstugan cemetery
[Raa Fide 3). Upon removal of a tree stump
a la^e slab appeared, and beneath it the bead
was found. Bengt Hafdell's collection, But-
vier in Sproge parish.
Bead. Wedge brl orange. Unknown pro-
venance. Bengt Hafdell's collection, But^'ier
in Sproge parish.
Private collection Hammer (Lamm
1984)
Gbo psh
Hammer's collection (SHM D29). Un-
known whereabouts.
Lance orjavelin head.
Private collection Larsson Rikard
Gbo,Norrkvie5:l, Raa 123
Found in tilled field.
Btoiize Rnget ting. Unknown type.
Haraldsted fibula. Cf Helgesson & Stjern-
quist 200 1 : 146-148, fig. 8-10. Eggers phase
C3. Foot missing. Extant I c. 40 mm.
Bronze mount. Cast rod with rivet lugs at
ends and 3 pairs oftransversallines^L 45 mm.
Private collection Nilsson
Gbo^ near church
From the collection of Anton Nilsson, Valle-
berga, Scania. Offered for sale in the autumn
of 1997 at Strandbei^'s coins & stamps shop,
Stockholm.
Animal-head brooch. Unknown type. "Beau-
tiful green patina with ornaments". L45 mm.
Found in 1925 near Grotlingbo church.
Strandberg's price 7500 kronor.
Yokefinial. Cf WKG 11:268:5-6. L 120 mm.
Found in 1952 in a beet field near Grotlingbo
church. Strandberg's price 15000 kronor.
Private collection Ohisson
(ATA439-6SI6-I996)
Found c. 1994 by Per Ohisson during tillage
on the Norrkvie 1:38 plot, co-ordinates on
the Economic Map edition 1 980, sheet 5j7a
GROTLINGBO. E: 1652720. N: 6334025.
In the collection of the Ohisson family,
Barshalder. Studied and documented on 2
July 1996.
2potslierds. 1 lineand stamp ornamented"with
hanging crescents. 1 line and comb stamp orna-
mented with a zigzag pattern. Both of thin^
finely tempered, well-fired ware.
Private collection Sandquist
(ATA 0009/1 952)
Fide, Osterby 1 :30, Fide dairy/Fidenas Rail-
way S tation
Found in the garden of the Fide dairy in
1942 by dairyman Sandquist, who saw no-
thing remarkable about the fmd spot. Sand-
quist later moved to Nykoping in mainland
Sweden and was assisted by IvarSchnell, the
head of the County Museum in sending the
brooch to the SHM for classification.
Wilhelm Holmqvist dated the brooch to the
9th century AD and returned it to Sandquist
without documenting it further.
Bertil Hansson of Burstallar-Sallmunds,
who had been a playmate of the dairyman's
children, remembered the find in 1995 and
stated that it was made during the digging
of a 
