Bekturganova-Furman-Religia-v-Kazahstane-i-Rossii

«MHP, nPQrPECC, nPABAHEJIQBEKA»

Ibfoiwmnim My3ea h o6mecrBeHHoro upinpa
HMieiffl Amtpea CaxapoBa

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MocKBa
«H3aaTeJibCTBo I1PABA HEJ10BEKA»

2004

° t&G>1 OH 5U£>

BBK8.1
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JIOKTOp HCTOpHMecKHX HayK npoipeccop JI.E . 0ypjnan

Khhi£ HanHcaHa h ony6jiHKOBaHa no 3aica3y h Ha cpencTBa

OoHjia AHflpen CaxapOBa (CIIIA)

h ero npe3MiieHTa r-Ha 3flBapaa KnsHHa

K 14 Ka3axcTaH h Pocchh: o6mecTBQ h rocynapcTBO. —

M.: «FIpaBa qejioBeKa» s 2004. -522 c,

flaHHan KHHra - c6ophhk ctaTeft affropoB m Pocchh, Ka3axcraHa
h flpymx crpaH. B Heft paccMaTpHBaiOTCH BOnpocH nocrcoBeTCKoro
pa3BHTMA Ka3axcTaHa, aHanH3HpyiOTcn npnHHHbi cxoacTBa h paarm-
khh ero 3bo^kjuhh c SBcmfOimeH nocTCOBercKofi Pocchh. KHHra
npenHa3Ha<jeHa KaK auji cneunajincTOB, Tax h ann uiHpoKoro Kpyra

BBK8.1

OTBeTCTBeHHtie 3a BbinycK M. 3aiiu,ee
Koppeicrop M.Kpmicoea

Hfl No 021 84 or 30.06.2000. nonriHcaHo b neqaTb 15.12.2004.
(DopMaT 60x90 1/16. EyMaraochceTHaji. rapHHxypa hmotoh.
ne^atb 0(J)ceTHaa. Twpasc 1000 3K3. 3aKa3 N° 1541

kfoflarejibCTBo «npaBa HejioBeica»,

1 19992, MocKBa, 3y6oBCKHH SyjibBap, 17

Be6-caftT: www.hrpublishers.org

OaopHKa ocJjccthoh nenaTH, r. 06hmhck, yji. KopojieBa, 6
ISBN 5-7712-0316-5

© <t>OHA Aaapea CaxapoBa (C1JQA), 20Q4^
©CoCTaBJieHHe,^.E. tt>ypMaH, 2004' "

■•-■a?.'-*.-?.-- . '

BawbirwaMaji EeiaypraHOBa, flMmpiiii GypMaH

MACCOBOE C03HAHME M PEJIMrWI
B KA3AXCTAHE H POCCMM

UejibaaHHofi CTarbH - noKaaafb oSmee h ocoGeHHoe b dojih pcjmrm b
MaccoBOM cosHaHMH coBpeMeHHbix Ka3axcTaHa k Pocchhi

nocTCOBeicKoe pa3BHT H e Hauinx crpaH onpe/iejiaeTca gssm ochobhm-
mh rpynnaMH (paKiopoB. Bo-nep B bix, 3 to o6m H e (paKiopbi, CB«3aHHbie c
TrauecruoM mh no4TH TOweciBOM craprrosux yuioBHfi (npHHawejicHoc-
JbK> o6enx cTpaH k ewHOMy TorjuiHTapHOMy KOMMyHHCT^ecKOMy rocyaap-
CT B y), aeic^apHpoBaHHbix uejiei* nocTcoBercKoro pass™ foeMoicpaTira H

PblHOK) H B03HHKaBIUHX B XOiie 3T0F0 P a3BHTHH n P 06jieM. Bo-BTO P blX 3TO

(paKTopu, cne U H(})MHecKHe mh KaxaoH H3 HauiMx ctpan « cnoco6cTBOBa B -
uiHe MoaHcpHKauHH nyreH pasBHTMs h paajiHHHio ero pesyjibtaxoB Cpean
hhx BaxHenuiHMH, HecoMHeHHO, suummcfi (paK-ropbi, csflaaHHbie co cne U n-
(pHKOH KyjibTypu HaiUHX CTpaH.

BoweficTBHe sthx aByx rpynn (paKtopoB npmoam k TOMy, hto xenepeui-
HHe HTorw Haiuero pa3B H Tna, K a K yio 6bi c<J)epy o6mecT B e H Hofl x M3 hh mm hh

B3JUIH, CXOXH, HO He TOXfleClueHHH. (flpH 3TOM, ec*H OUeHHBSm HTOfH H a-

uiero pasBHTHfl, hcxcww H3 creneHH npH6jiHxeH H « k aeioiapHpoBaHHMM b
lyyi r. uejisM - nocTpoeHHfl aeMOKparaHecjcoro h pwHOTHoro oGmecTBa B
KaKHx-TO acneKtax BnepeaH OKaxeio. PoccHa, b Ka K Hx-TO - KasaxciaH ) '

I a K oe cxoactbo h pasjiH^He ecTb h b sbojuouhh OTHoiue™* H aujnx 06-
mecTB k pejiHniH. Ka K mm yBHAHM aasibwe, b MaccoBOM co3Ha H ™ Haiiwx 06-
mecTBaeHCTByioToSmHe 3a K oHOMep H ocTH. Ho np H stom panb p<yinr H n b Mac-
cobom C03H3HHK Pocchh h KasaxcraHa cxoxa, ho oiHioflb He ToxaeciBeHHa.

1

M b Pocchh, h b KaaaxcTaHe nmeum coBeTCKoro expos h nepexoa k 06-
mecTBeHHOMy ycipoHCTBy, ocHOBaHHOMy H a puhohhoB skohomhkc h mmo-
KpaiHvecKOH (Haaejie KBasH-aeMOKpaTHMecKOH) nojiHTH4ec K OH cucxeMe
conpoBoxaa^HCb pMHKMbHHM H3Me H e H neM oxHomeHHa hbiuhx o6mecrB k
pejiHFHH - «KOJUiancoM» otpnunajibHoro axen3Ma, 6biBiijero iwrerpajibHHM

MeMCHTOM KOMMyHHCTHHeCKOH HfleOTOPHH, H P e3KHM B03 P aCTaHHeM P OJIH

pejiHran. K o6pame H Hio k pai™ ztm 06a HaeojionmecKHx KOMnoHeHia
peBCmiouHOHHbix npoueccoB KOHua 80-x - HaMMa 90-x rr. npoiwioro Be Ka - H
crpeM^eHHe BepHyibca k flocoBeiCKOMy npoui^oMy, paaBHTHio, npepBaHHO-
My 6o^biueBHCTCKOH peBo^iouHeH, h cipeMjieHHe k BocnpoH3BefleHHio ue H -

355

BawbiDKaMan BeKTypraHOBa, flMHTpnti *ypMaH

HOCTen m HHCTHTyroB 3anaflHoro THna o6iuecTBa, b kotopom pejiHr™ Hrpa-
eT, ecTecTBeHHO, He onpejiejiaiomyio, ho 3HaHHTejibHyio h noMeTHyio pojib.
Kpotue 3toB HAeojiorHHecKofi MOTHBauHH, k o6pameHHK> k pejinrHH bcjih h
ncHxojiorHMecKHe mothbh: b cTaBiueM «3h6khm», HeyCTOHHHBOM nodco-
bctckom MHpe, b kotopom HCHe3JiH cTapbie couHajibHbie KoopjiHHaTbi h eme
He cjioaciWHCb HOBbie, pe^Hrra BbicrynaeT KaK chmboji CTa6HJibHOCTH, Beq-
hhx ueHHOcrefl.

Tara k pejTHrwH npoaBJiaerca npeame Bcero b pe3KOM yBejiHieHHH 3Ha-

HeHHfl H paCHpOCTpaHeHHOCTH pe/IHrH03HbIX CaMOHfleHTHfpHKaUHH.

B Pocchh, no aaHHbiM 2002 r., pecnonneHTbi, OTBenast Ha Bonpoc «Chh-
Taere jih bm ce6a npaBocjiaBHbiM, KamiMKOM... aTeHCTOM*, b noaaBJiaiomeM
6o^buiMHCTBe (88%) HaeHTHtpHUHpoBajiH ce6a c KaKOH-jm6o KOH<peccneH.
B Ka3axcTaHe uiKppbi HecKOJibKo hhhc B onpoce 2003 r. ripn orBeie Ha cxo-
jkhh Bonpoc («CooTHOCHTe jih Bw ce6a c...») onpeaejieHHyio KOHcpeccHio bw-
SpajiH 72,7%, b onpoce 2004 r. - 79,1%.

3to nepBoe h cxoactbo, h OTJiHHHe Ka3axciaHCKoro h pocchhckoj/o co-

3H8HHH, KOTOpOe Mbl MOXeM KOHCTaTHpOBaTb. CxOflCTBO - B TOM, HTO B 06e-

hx crpaHax 6o^buiHHCTBO HacejTeHHH celiac oxoxmecTBJiaeT ce6a c iokoh-
jw6o pejiHraeii. OTjiimne - b tom, hto b Ka3axcTaHe sto 6ojibuJKHCTBO He-

CKOJlbKO MeHbUJC

FipH 3T0M h b Ka3axcTaHe, h b Pocchh SojibiuHHCTBO oToamecTanaioT ce-
6a c KOHtpeccHefi, TpajiHUHOHHOH jyia cBoero stHoca, - KOHCpeccHefi npea-
kob. 06pameHHe k pejwrHH b o6enx crpaHax - 3?o, npe>Kae Bcero, o6pame-
HHe k npouiJioiny, k BeKOBbiM TpanHUwaM HauiHX HapoztOB. Ho h 3flecb ecTb
3aMeTHbie pasjWHHa.

B Pocchh b 2002 r. cpe/j,H pyccKHx no HauHOHajibHOCTH KaK npaBOCJiaB-
Hbie onpeaejiH^H ce6a 86%, a KaK npHBepaceHUbi KaKnx-TO hhmx, HeTpanH-
UHOHHbix/uis pyccKHx pejiHrHH -TO^bKO 1% {ocraflbHbie - aTencTbi hjih He
3Haiomne, KaK oTBeTHTb). B Ka3axcTaHe no aaHHbiM 2004 r. cpe^H Ka3axos
Mycy^bMaHaMH CHHTajiH ce6a 79,2%, npaBOCJiaBHbiMH - 2%, KaTOJiMKaMH -
0,2%, npoTecTam-aMH - 0,5%, SyjuHcraMH - 0,2% h HyuaHcraMH - 0,1%.
CpftHH pyccKHx cmhtsjih ce6a npaBOCJtaBHbiMH 70,6%, MycyjibMaHaMH -
7,1%, KaTOJiHKaMH - 1,6%, npoxecraHTaMH - 1,1% h 6yaaHCTaMH - 0,2%.

Mbi yxe KOHCTarapoBajiH nepBoe otjimmhc Kfl3axciaHa h Pocchh: pac-
npocTpaHeHHOCTb KOH^eccHOHajibHbix caMOHaeHTHCpHKauHH b Ka3axcTaHe
HecKOJibKo MeHbiue, ieM b Pocchh. Tenepb Moxeiu KOHCTarapoBaTb h Btopoe

OTJiHHHe. TpaflHUHOHHO-HauHOHaJIbHblH XapaKTep 3THX HJieHTHipHKaUHH B

Ka3axCTaHe Taoce BbipaaceH MeHbiue, mcm b Pocchh. CBa3b pejmrHH H HauH-
OHajibHOcra b Ka3axcTaHe MeHee acecTKaa. EojibiuHHCTBO npaBocjiaBHbix
cpe/m pyccKHx b Pocchh - 6o;iee «no/J.aBJiaiomee», Hein h 6ojibUMHCTBO My-
cynbMaH cpeflH Ka3axoB, h 6ojibiiiHHCTBo npaBOC/iaBHbix cpean pyccKHx b
Ka3axcTaHe. H Hao6opoT, b Ka3axcTane b o6eHX rjiaBHbix HaunoHajibHbix 06-
lUHHax 3HaHHTejibHO 6ojibiiJHH ynejibHbiH Bee hmciot HHOKOH(peccHOHajib-

Hbie MeHbUIHHCTBa 2 .

356

_ MaccoBoe co3HaHne h pejinrna b Ka3axcTaHe h Pocchh

CXOACTBO mmy KasaXCTaHCKHMH H POCCHHCKHMH AaHHblMH BOnpOCOB

He Bbi3biBaeT - o6mne ana o6eHx crpaH npoueccw Bejryr h k o6whm aie.ncT-
BHflM. Ho neM o6MCHHTb BbisiBHBUJHecH pa3*H4Ha? Mu nojiaraeM mo wecb
fleHCTByror Hc-ropwHecKHe m KyjibrypHbie (paicropu, paawmbicOTJi Pocchh h

Iv3 3EXCT3. H 3 .

nporae Bcero, Ka3axcTa H - H b cocTace Pocchhckoh HMnepHH, h oco-
oeHHo b LLCP, h ce^ac, b nocTcoBeTCKyio snoxy - HeroMepHMo 6o;iee
Ky^btypHo h 3THHHecKH njiropajiHCTHsecicoe o6uiecTBO, tcm Pocchs B pe-
syjibraTe h Ao6poB<mHbix, h BHHyaweHHMXMHipaiwft b KaaaxcraH npcucra-
BHiejieH caMb.x pa3Hb IX (b wanaaoHe ot HeMues ao KopeftueB h ot Mnryuiefi
no noaaKOB) HapojiOB deneHb STHmecicoro njiropa^SMa b KasaxcraHe - oa-
Ha H3 caMbix bhcokhx b MM P e3. TojibKo cefiHac, noaae B03BpaiueHHa mhoxc
ctb3 npeacraBHTweft j^yrax HapoaoB Ha cboh HcropH4ec K ne poothh h n P H-
esaa b KaaaxctaH mhofhx KasaxoB H 3 -3a rpaHHuw, yaejibHMH sec THtyjisHoro
STHOca nepesa*™ 3 a 50%, a no fl a H HbiM nepenHCH 1989 r. oh cocta^aj] 38%

La M no ceoe sraiwecKHH h pMHraosHbifi njiropajiraM moxct booth k paa-

HblM CJieaCTBHSM - K3K K B33HMH0H aKKyjIbTypaUHH, B3aHMQaeJtCTBHK> H B33-
HMOnpOHHKHOBeHHK) KyjIMyp, T3K H, Ha060 P 0T, K «3aMbIKaHHIO B Ce6e» H30-

JiflUHH 3THHMec K HX rpynn apyr or apyra. B KasaxcraHe b mjiom BiaHMOjieiicT-
sue KyjTbiyp npeoSjiaaaro hm hx caMOH30JwmHefi, hto cBnaaHo h c bjihahhcm
coBercKOH waeononm h oSpasa xkshh, h b ewe (xyibwen creneHH c oco6eH-

HOCTHMH Ky^bTypbl OCHOBHOFO, THTyjlbHOPO KaHXCKOTO 3TH0C3, OTHOCHTeJIb-

ho cna6o nc/iaMH3npoBaHHoro h coxpaHfliomero «apxanHecKyio» h xapaKTep-
Hyio ma MHornx KoqeBHHHecKHX o6mec TE TepnHMocrb k OTKpbrrocTb (iy Tep-
nHMocib k oTKpbixocTb, Koropaa nopaxaei y mohtojiob 3nox H HnHra3-xa H aH
y JKHiejieK KasaxciaHa, t3khm o6pa 3 OM, 6ojibiue n P HBbi4Kn k wxhm*
h MeHbiiiHH ncuxorormecKHfl 6a P bep no othouichhio k ^yxoiny* neM y
poccwaH. TecHoe h, b ochobhom, MH PH oe o6me HH e KasaxoB h pyccKHx b Ka-
aaxcraHe Beae T k T 0M y, hto KaicaH-ro nacrb m rex h apyrax npumiMaiOT pejiH-
mio cbohx poacTBeHHHKOB, coceaeH h apyaefi. 2% KasaxoB-npaBOCJiaBHUx h
7, 1 % pyccKHx-MycyjibMaH (onpoc 2003 r. iiaer U H<pp H 2,8 h 4 2%) - 3T0 Ha
Ham Bsrjuw, aoBOJibHo 6o;ibujne umppa, roBopamwe o sHanHTejibHOM K yjib-

Ty P HO-pejlHrH03HOM «B3aHM0n P 0HHKH0BeHHH»; l ByX OCHOBHblXSTHHHeCKHX

o6whh=. n P H 3tom a Ka 3 axcTa H e - H e rojibKO pyccKne h Kasaxw. 3aecb xh-
Byr npeacraBHTejiH caMbix pasHbix Kyj^bryp h pe^HrHH h 3anaiia, h BocroKa*
M «B3aHMonpoHHKHOBeHHe» xapaKTepHO He TOJibKo Ma AByx rjiaBHbix 3thh-
■jecKHx obimn. 3 fl ecb mu bhahm 0,2% KasaxoB h 1 ;1% pyccKHx - Kaio^MKOB,
0,5% hi , 1% - npoTeciaHTOB, 0,2% h KasaxoB, h pyccKHx - SyMHCTOB h fl a-
xe 0,1% Ka3axoB - HyaaHCTOB.

OTKpblTOCTb K HyXOMy, HOBOMy MX CBOHX 3THHHeCKHX KyjlbTyp (HC^aM

npaBOCJiaBHe, 6y M H3M h ny fl aH3M - apeBHHe pejiHran, ho BH e sthhtockhx
rpynn, b kotopux ohm - TpaaHUHOHHbie pe^Hrwn, ohh BbiciynaiOT K a K «ho-
Boe») BeaeT h k o6mefi oTKpbiTocra k HOBOMy. 3to npoaBJiaerca b o6pame-

HHH K HeTpaftHUHOHHblM pejlHrHSM, HOBblM He TOJIbKO MX JXaHWYl STHHHec-

357

6a>KbroKaMa/i EeiuypraHOBa, Amktpmh GypviaH

Kofi rpynnw, ho h ajih Ka3axcraHCKoro o6wecTBa b uejioin (pa3Hbie npcvrec-
TaHTCKHe, npeacae Bcero nHTnaecHTHHMecKHe ceicrb], HeroBHcrbi, pa^HHHbie

HeOH HflyHCTCKHe 06pa30BaHHJl ) .

noaaHHbiM onpoca2003 r. 2,9% Ka3axoB h 2,1% pyccKHX b Ka3axcTaHe
onpexiejiHJiH ce6s KaK npHBepxeHueB «HeTpannuHOHHbix pejiHrHfi*, - un4>-
pa 3HaHHTejibHO 6anbiuaH, neM b Pocchh, rae TOJibKo 1% Bcex pyccKHX - He
npaBocjiaBHbie. Ka3axcTaH - 6ojiee njioaoponHoe none jjjix MHccHOHepcKofi

aKTHBHOCTH, HeM POCCHJI.

Bojibiuaa oTKpbiToCTb h xepnuMOCTb Ka3axcTaHCKoro co3HaHHa Bwwa He
TOJibKo b OTHocHTe^bHO 6ojibiuefl pacnpocTpaHeHHOCTH b Ka3axciaHe HeTpa-
flHUMOHHbix mia aaHHbix 3THnroecKHx rpynn pejiHrafi. OHa BHjiHa k Heno-
cpeacTBeHHO b OTBeTax xa3axcTaHiieB Ha paajiHMHbie, pacicpbiBaioiiiHe ypo-
BeHb TepnHMOdH Bonpocu (cm. Ta6jinixy 1).

Ta6nuu,a 1.
OmoujeHHe k pasHWM pejiHrmiM b Pocchh h Kasaxcrane (%)

PentirMH

rofl« onpoca

OseHb xopouiee

Xopouiee

rinoxoe

OneHb njioxoe

npaBOC/iaBMe
Ka3axCTaK, taaa-

Poccms (2002)

52

44

1

18,6
xw(2004)

51,5

7,3

2,B

Ka3axcTaH, pyc-
CKHe (2004)

51,1

42,1

3,1

1,3

HcnaM

Pocchs (2002)

10

51

20

7

Ka3axcT3H, icaaa-
xm (2004)

57,9

38,8

3

0,8

KaT0JlHUM3M

KasaxcraH, pyc-
CKvie (2004)

25,2

47,8

7,6

3

Pocchh (2002)

5

50

14

8

Ka3axcTaH, sa3a-
m (2004}

11,3

45,2

14,4

3,7

Ka3axcTa,H, pyc-
cme (2004)

18,6

43,5

9,4

4

BariTH3M

Pocchh [2002)

2

25

30

19

Ka3axCTaH, Ka3a-
xm ( 2004)

7,8

32,6

23,9

10,3

Ka3axcraH, pyc-
cxwe (2004)

9,4

26,9

24,2

14,1

l4yfla»3M

Pocchh ( 2002)

3

27

21

15

Ka3axcTaH, Ka3a-
xm ( 2004)

8,6

33,8

21,4

11,1

Ka3axcT3H, pyc-
cme ( 2004)

10,1

31,5

20,4

1 12,4

358

MaccoBoe co3HaHne u pemrm b KasaxctaHe h Pocchm

Mbi BHaHM, hto h Ka3axH, h pyccKHe b Ka3axcTaHe CHCTeiwaTHHecKH bm-
Ka3biBaioT 6ojiee 6jiaroxejiaTejibHoe OTHouieHHe k HeTpajiHUHOHHbiM ana

CBOeH 3THHieCKOfl o6iuhocth pejIHrHHM, HeM poccHaHe.

Eme 6o;iee othctjihbo 3to bhuho npn OTBeiax Ha Bonpocw, roBopamwe
o noiwep>KKe pe^Hrao3HOM cbo6ojh hjih, Hao6opOT, npHBRnerafl juia Haiw-
OHaJibHOH pejiHrHH (Ta6jiHua 2).

OraouieHHe k paBHWiw npaBaM pejiarafi (%)

Tadnuufl 2

flo/iHOCTbio cornacwbi

CorjracHbi

He corjiacxbi

fltwiHocTbio He cornacHbi

PnUflonxHaMMert
npHBWiernn b Poc-
chm ( Poccms, 2002)

27

34

21

4

Bee pejwmw ao/dk-
hu MMeTb paeHbie
npaaa (Poccwo, 2002)

24

33

22

8

See penur™ ao/dkhu
MMeTb paBHtie npasa
(Ka3axcraH, 2004)

61,9

23,7

8,9

4,2

TpaflMMMOHHbieflflS

Ka3axcraHa pejinrww

flO/DKHbl HMeTb npHEK-

JierHH (KaaaxcTaH,
2004)

16,9

22,6

36

22,3

MCJiaM flOJDKeH HM6Tb

npwBH^erviH (Ka3axii,
Ka3axCTaH, 2004)

19,6

21,4

37,8

20

noanepiKKa npHBiwerHHxuisi HaunoHajibHOHpejinrHH b Kaaaxciawe 3Ha-
HHTejibHO MeHbme, a peji H rH03Horo paBHOnpaBHfl - 3HaHHTejibHO Sojibuje

4eM B POCCMH. '

Mbi roBopmiH 06 oapxawnecKHx* KopHax Ka3axcKOH pejiHrao3HOH Tep-
nHMocTH, hto 3to - He TepnHMOCTb Hapoaa, yace MHHOBaBUiero 3Tan moho-
nojibHoro rocno^cTBa aorMaTHHecKOH pe^Hrao3HOM chctcmh, a cKopee Tep-
HHMocTb Hapoaa, 3aaepacaBmeroca b CBoeM pa3BHTHH Ha npeflwecTBOBaB-
uim, «Ao;r,orMaTHqecKOM» aiane. Ho 3Ta oaaepxica* b coBpeMeHHbix yaio-
BHax MoaceT SbiTb npeHMymectBOM. Hapoay, euue He yrpaTHBujeMy apxaime-
CKOii TepnHMOCTH, jierqe ycBomb TepnHMOCTb, TpeSyeMyio coBpeMeHHbiM
o6mecTBOM, TepnwwocTb HOBoro rana. nosroMy, kbk 3to hh CTpaHHo 3By-
4ht, b 3tom acneoe Ka3axcKoe co3HaHne - 6ojiee «coBpeMeHHoe» h «eBpo-
neHCKoe», ieM poccMcKoe.

3

C 6ojibiueH «oTKpbiTOCTbio» Ka3axcTaHCKoro pejiHrH03Horo co3HaHHa no
cpaBHeHHio c pocchhckhm CBa3aHbi h HeKOTopue apynie hx pa3jiHHna.

359

BawbiTiKaMan BeKiypraHOBa, fiHHTpn« <PypMaH

B o6onx o6mecTBax b KOHdpeccHOHajibHoft caMOHfleHTH<J)HKauHH pejiH-
raa BHcrynaet b nepByio onepcab KaK atHMMecKHH h KyjibTypHbiii chmboji h
nAeHTH<})HKaTop. H b Pocchh, h b Ka3axcraHe BbicKa3bmaHHfl «a - npaBO-
cnaBHbiH* hjih «a - MycyjibMaHHH» o3HanaiOT, npotcae Bcero, KyjibTypHyio h
HauHOHajibHyio HfleHTHfjpHKauHK) h mieoJiorHHecKoe npn3HaHne uchhocth
TpaflHUHH h coBepmeHHO He o6ji3aTejibHO - pejiHrno3Hyio Bepy. H b Ka3ax-
cxaHe, h b Pocchh jihu, HjieHTH(pHUHpyiouj.Hx ce6a KaK npHHajyiejKaiuHx k
onpeae^eHHOH pejiHrHH, 6ojibiue, neM jihu, HfleHTH(J>HuHpyioiuHX ce6a KaK
sepyioiiiHX hjih OTBeiaiomHX «na» Ha Bonpoc «BepH?e jih bh b Bora?». O/ma-
ko BepyioiUHx b Ka3axcTaHe h cpeaw pyccKHX, h cpejiH Ka3axoB 6ojibuie, <ieM
b Pocchh (Ta6jiHua 3).

Ta6nuufi 3

CaMOHAeHTH(pHKaiiHfl no oTHOinemno k pejiHinH !

BepvromMe

Kone6jiK)U(HeCfi

HeBepvroiUHe h aTeKCTu

Poccms (2002)

44

29

25

Ka3axcraH

51,3

26,2

21,4

(2004), Bcero

Ka3axcT3H

57,8

21,5

19,2

(2004),xa3axn

toaxcTaH

45,8

32,4

20,9

(2004), pyccKMe

Ha Bonpoc «BepHre jih bu b Eora» otb6thjih «J],a» 7 b 2002 r. 59% poccn-
hhhb 2004 r. 67,5% Ka3axcTaHueB ( Ka3axoB - 71%, pyccKHX - 66,7%). Be-
pflT b 6ecc(nepTHe ayiiiH 27% poccwaH h 32% Ka3axcTaHueB ( Ka3axoB - 29%,
pyccKHX - 32%).TaKHM o6pa30M, mm bhjihm HecKOJibKo 6ojiee bhcokhh
yflejTbHbifi Bee Bepyroiunx b Ka3axciaHe, qeM b Pocchh.

KpOMe Toro, mm bhjihm h HecKOJibKo MeHbiuHH pa3pbiB Me>Kfl.y KOHdpec-
CHOHajibHOH HfleHTH(J>HKauHeK h Bepofl. B Pocchh H/jeHTHcpHUHpyKxr ce6a c
KaKOH-Jin6o pejiHraefl (b ochobhom c npaBocjiaBHeM ) 88%, a o6iaBJiaiOT ce-
6a BepyioiuHMH 44%, to ecrrb pobho nojioBHHa ot mx HHCJia, b Ka3axcraHe
nepBbix - 79,1%, BTOpbix - 51,3% ( 64,9% ot 4HCJia HaeHTH<JmuHpyiouj,HX
ceGacpejiHraefi).

AHajioraMHbie pa3JiHHHa MOKny naiuHMH CTpaHaMH — b nocemeHHM
uepKBeii h MeneTefi (TaS-rmua 4).

Mbi roBopHJiH MeHee xecTKofi cB»3Ke pejiHnm h 3THOca b Ka3axcraHe
h GoJibuiefi oTKpbiTOcra Ka3axcTaHCKoro pejinrH03Horo co3HaHHH. Tenepb
mm bhjihm, 4TO npH 3tom pejiHrH03HOCTb b Ka3axcTaHCKOM oSmecTBe - bm-
me, npHHeM nocewaeMOCTb MeHeieH h uepoeH (to ecTb He hhcto cjiOBecnaa
h aeicnapaTHBHaa pejr.HrH03HOCTb) 3HaHHTejibHO Bbime, ieM b Pocchh. EcTb
jih KaKaa-xo cBa3b Mexny bthmh paanHHHHMH, o6pa3yioT jih ohh onpeaejieH-
nyio CHCTeMy?

360

MaccoBoe cosnaHHe h pejwMa b Ka3axcTaHe h Pocchm

IlocemeHHe uepicBeii h Meie-reii %

Tafauufl 4

Pocchh, 2002,
uepKBH, Meie™,
cnnarorn

Ka3axcTaH, 2004,
K333XH - Meiem

Ka3axaaH, 2004,
pyccKHe - uepKBM

He pexe pa3a b Mecau

18,7

12,2

Pe*e geM paa b Mecaq

50

51,6

53,3

HwKoraa

42

25,1

26,4

Ha Haui B3rjiaji - na. B 6ojiee njiwpajtHCTHHecKOM Ka3axcxaHCKOM o6me-

CTBe B pejlHHiOSHOH M eHTH<J)HKaUHM H B pejIHrHOSHOCTH SoJIbUie npHCVTCT-

Byei 3 jieMeHT HHflHBJwyajibHoro Bbi6opa. Ho eciecTBeHHo, hto neM 6ojibme
3tot ajieMenx BbiGopa, He M oco3HaH H ee o6paine H He k pejinraw, xe M «ce P be 3 -
Hee» h OTHouieHwe k Hen. PycocHH, oxoxaecxBJisiowHH ce6* c npasocjiaBM-
eM npocxo noxoMy, hto oh 3H aex, hto pyccKHe - npaBooiaBHbie, vtoxex bo-
06me H e sepHTb b Bora. Taicoe caMooxoxaecxs^eHHe Moxex npaKTHHecKH
HHiero, KpoMe KOH<popMH3Ma k rocnoacTByromeH HiieojiorHHecKOH opne H -

T3UHH, He SHaHHTb. HO pyCCKHft, peUIHBUIHH npHHHTb, HanpHMep, HCJ13M

CKopee Bcero, H e Mo*e T OTHOcHTbcst k csoetf hoboK pe™™ «He cepw:3Ho»

(BCOOMHHM H3BeCTHblH (pKJIbM «MyCyjlbMaHHH», B KOTOpOM OCHOBaHHaa Ha

C03HaTejibHOM Bbi6ope h cHJibHas pejiHrHH pyccKoro napmi, nprouwiiero

HCJI3M, npOTHBOnOCTaBJlfleTCa T P aflHUHOHa;iHCTCKH-KOH<pOpMHCTCKOMy

npa B ocjiaBHJo ero OKpyxeHHH). To xe caMoe oxHOCHTca, pasyMeexca h k Ka-
3axa M , npHHHMaiomuM npaBoaiaBHe hjih KaKyio-To apyryio He MycyjibMaH-
cicyio Bepy. HeocpHT o6u<iho - jiynuiH* Bepyromnii, neiu nepyiomHH no Tpa-
flHUHH. A Heo(pHTOB BcsKoro pofla, KaK Mbi BHflejiH, b Ka3axcTa H e 6ojibiiie
4eM b Pocchh.

Ho aejio, oneBHflHo, ne npocTO b HHDie HeocpmoB. B CHxyauwH Koraa
pejiHrH03Hbift Bbi6op B03MoaceH, Koraa oh He sBjisexca neM-xo coBep'uieHHO
hckjikmhtoimhiIm, npHHaajiescHocxb k Tpa^HUHOHHOH 3THHHecKOH Bepe
Taoce np H o6peTaeT nepTbi Bbi6opa. Ecjih kto-to Moxcex peuiHTb yfim to tot
kto ocxaexcs, roxe K a K 6u aejraex Bbi6op - ocxaxbca. HannnHe HexpaaHUH-

OHHOH pejIKrH03HOCTH nOBHLUaex «KaneCTBO» TpaflHUHOHHOH.

CpaBHeHHe HaxoflHWHxea Ha ojihom ypoBHe KyjibTypHoro h couHjuibHO-
ro pa 3 BHTHfl cxpaH, HanpHMep, CLIIAm <&paH U HH hjih EpHxaHHH, noKa3biBa-
er, hto b crrpaHe rpoMa^Horo pejiHraosHoro njiiopajiroMa, CUJA ypoBeHb
pe^HrH03H0CT H 3HaHHxejibHo BMiue, ne M b cxpaHax c rocnoacTBOM oahoh

TpaaHUHOHHOH KOHCpeCCHH.

Otjihhhh Ka3axcT3Ha h Pocchh, Ha Ham lanum, b KaKoK-TO Mepe cxow-

Hbl C OTJIHHH3MH CUJA H eBponeflCKHX MOHOKOH(peCCHOHaJIbHbIX CTpaH.

361

BawbiTwaMaJi EemypraHOBa, flHmp«H OypMaH

HeKOTopbie cxoacTBa h pa3JiH<wH mohcho 3aMeTHTb h b couHajibHbix na-
paMeipax pocchhckoh h Ka3axcraHCK0H pejiHrH03HoerH (ta6jiHua 5).

CouH&nwibie napaMerpbi pe^HrHCBHOCTH %

TaSjiuufl 5

Bepytomwe

Bee onpotueHHbie

XeHlUWHbl

Pocchs), 2002

70

56

Ka3axcTaH, 2004

59,6

54,2

60 net h cTapoie

Poccwfl, 2002

29

24

KaaaxdaH, 2004

■14,9

13

06pa3OBaHne> -
Bbicuiee

Pocchh, 2002

15

17

KaaaxcTan, 2004

34,4

36

06pa306aHne -
MeHbuue MeM
cpeflHflfl uiKona

Pocchh, 2002

16

11

K33axcTaH, 2004

3,5

4,5

lleHCHOHepb!

Pocchh, 2002

33

26

Ka3axaaH, 2004

13,8

11,7

H b Pocchh, h b Ka3axcxaHe couHajibHO-neMorpacpHHeCKHe xapaicrepH-
cthkh BepyiomHX no cpaBHeHHio co cpenHMMH no Bbi6opKaM HecKOjibKO
cuBHHy™ b HanpaBJieHMM couHa^bHoii MapniHajibHocTH. B o6enx CTpaHax
noacHJiaa xeHiuHHa neHCHOHepKa c HaqajibHbiM o6pa30BaHHeM HMeeT 3Ha-
HHTejibHO 6ojibuie ujaHCOB 0Ka3atbca Bepyioiueft, nein mojio;ioh hjih cpejiHMX
jict pa6oTaiomHfl MyacwHa c bhcuihm o6pa30BaHHeM.

Ho onaTb-TaKH Hapany co cxoactisom mm bhuhm h paanwmifl. CuBHr co-
UHaJibHO-fleMorpa<pM4ecKHX xapaKrepMCTHK BepyroujHx b cropOHy counajib-
hcw MaprHHa^bHOCTH no Bcern napanieipaM b Pocchh HecKOJibKO SoJibiue. He
TO/ibKO y^eJibHbiH Bee BepyiomHx b nace^eHHH b Ka3axciaHe Sojibiue, ho cpaB-
HHiejibHO c poccHVfCKOH Ka3axcTaHCKas rpynna BepyiomHX HecKOJibKO MeHee
«sceHCKaa» 9 , «CTapaa» h «Heo6pa30BaHHaa». Ha Ham B3nuw, 3th pa3JiH4HJi co-
MacyiOTCfl c pa3JiHHHHMH, paccMorpeHHbiMH Bbiuie, h TaKxe abjijuotcs iac-

TbK) CTpyKTypHblX pa3J!HHHH Ka33XCTaHCK0r0 H pOCCHHCKOrO C03HaHH3.

Mbi yace bhucjih, hto b pocchhckoh pejiHrH03HOc™ 6ojibLue, neM b ica-
3axcTaHCKOH, oToacaecTBJieHHa c TpaaHUHeii h MeHbiue pejinrao3Hbix nonc-
kob, ycrpeMJieHHH KHOBOMy. Ho eciH hhcto HfleojiorHMecKoe oTOayiecTBJie-
HHe c TpaaHUHeft, HueojiorHiecKoe npH3HaHHe ee BaiKHOCTH Moxet 6biTb
Bceo6uiHM, to TpaaHUHOHajiHCTCKan Bepa - yaeji couHajibHbix rpynn co cne-

UHCpHieCKH TpaaHUHOHajlHCTCKHM C03HaHHeM. CflBHr B cropOHy couwajib-
HOH MaprHHa^bHOCTH - 3TO H eCTb CflBHr B CTOpOHy TpaflHUHOHaJlH3Ma, Pa3-
J1HMH3 C03HaHHH erapoH Heo6pa30BaHHOH aceHlUHHbl H MO/io/ioro o6pa30-
BaHHOro MyxHHHbi - 3to npexene Bcero paanHMHa b cieneHH TpaaHUMOHa-

JIH3Ma H, Hao6opOT, OTKpblTOCTH C03HaHHH.

362

MaccoBoe co3HaHne h pe;inrm b Ka3axcTa He h Poccmm

HfleonormecKoe OToacaecTiuieHHe pocchhckhx pyccKHx c npaBoaiaBH-
eM - BceoSmee, SHaqjuejibHo 6ojibiuee, neM b KasaxciaHe oroxaecTBJieHHe
KaaaxoB c HoiaMOM m pyccKHx cnpaBocnaBHeM. Ho 3to OTOxaecTBJieHHe He
nepexowT b Bepy. Bepa b Pocchh, ocoGeHHO H a ypoBne He cjiobcchom Ha
ypoBHe noBeaeHna, 6ojibwe, nm b Kaaaxciane, - yjm couHajibHO-MaprK-
HajibHbix rpynn HaceneHHjj.

5

Pe^wnia - BaaoibiH 3jie M eHT o6mecTBeHHOM cipyKTypu. B Heft OTpaxa-
kjtcb <*e P ™, xapaKrepHbie m* ammro o6mecTBa, h OHa ca M a B^aei Ha 06-
mecTBO. fljjfl nepexo^Hbix o6mecTB, iokhmh xmnmca KaaaxcraH h Poccha
pejiHrHH Moxei cnyxmb K a K cpaKropoM ycKoparomHM, o6jiemaiomnM paa-
BHTMe, nepexoa k pbiHKy MaeMOKpaiHH, rax h cpajcropOM topmomiiwm

Ot nero *e 3a B nCHT pa3Haa pojib pejinrnn? Ha Haui Barjuu, npexae bcc-
ro ox Toro, HacicojibKo ptmmn npenarcTByeT hj.h, H ao6opoT, cnoco5ciByeT
ciaHOMeHHK) ncHxo^orHMecKofi 6a 3 bi coBpeMenHoro o6mecTBa - «otkd H -
toi-o, He aorvfaTHHecKoro cosHaHHH. OueHUBa* po^b pe*™, mm M o*e M
npHMeHMTb Moawb pbinxa. Phhok - 3to npexae ecero BOSMoxHoctb cbo-
SOAHoro Bbi6opa noTpeemejiaMH 6jiar, npeiuiaraeMbix hm hx KOH K ypnpyio-
uwmh Meatay co6oh npoHaBOflHie^HMH. B 3tom oTHomeHHH phhok - 6ojiee
uiHpoKoe jiBneHKe, neM phhok noKynaeMbix 3a mmm tokmjob h ycjiyr He-
mokpbthh, nanpHMep, 3to - acne K TCBo6oAHoro, oixpyToro o6me CTB a noa-
H HH eHHb.n toh xe JiorHKe, mo h phhok TOBapoB. Uonmrnn roxe npeiiani-
K)T cboh ycjiyrn useHpare™ - «no K ynaTejiK», TOJibKO xapa KT ep sthx vcjiyr
cneuHjHnecKHH h cooTBeiCTBeHHO M exaHH3M mx npH06peTeH HJ1 - Voxe
cneuH(pnHecKHfi (roJiocoBaHHe). Meamy paaiHqHMMH ccpepaMH xh3hh 06-
mecTBa aoracHa 6biib coraacoBaHHocrs, (pyHKUHOHajibHaa CB*3b. Mohofio-
Jiraauwi c<pepbi «noJiHTH4ec K Hx ycjiyr* <aBTopHTapn3M h TorajiiiraproM)

C ? 3a ™ bH0 ^ 6T MeUJaTb CB060flH0My P b.HKy H B HHCTO 3KOHOMHHeCK0ft

c<}>epe, cnoco6cTBOBaTb MO H onojiH3aunH skohomhkh, a nojiHTHHecKaa n.t-

MOKpaTHH He MOXeT He BeCTH H K 3K0H0MH4eCK0H HeMOKpaTHH (PbiHKy B V3-

kom cMbioie cjiOBa). M Hao6opoT, MOHono;iH3MpoBaHHaa 3K0H0MHKa 6y fl e T
T P e6oBaTb orpaHHneHHjf nMiroiMecKoft jwMOKpaTmi, a ycTaHa^KBaromaacfl
b 3K0HOMHHecKon C(pepe CBoGoaHafl KOHKypeHumt b KOHue kohuob noipe-
6yeT h CBoeoaHOfl KOHKypemwH, aeMOHonojiHiauHH b ccpepe nommm

KaKoe OTHomeHHe sth paccyxaeHH3 hmciot k npeiiMeTy iiaHHOH cia-
TbH - k pe^ H ™o3HOH ccpepe? CaMoe HenocpetfCTWHHoe. PejiHraosHaj. h
uiwpe, naeHHaa ccpepa b ue^oM, K a K h jnoSaa apyraa, Moxer 6biTb mohoho-
JiH3HpoBaHa h aeMOHonojiHaHpoBaHa, npnHe M cipeMJienHe pejwraosHHx
npo(peccHOHajiOB pasHbix KOH<peccHft MOHonojiH3npoBaTb 3T y ccpepy - xaK-
xe ecieciBeHHO, K a K cxpeMjieHHe KOMnaHHH MOHono^H3npoBaTb pbiHKH
npe^araeMbix hmh TOBapoB h ycjiyr, a no^HTHnecKHX napTHfi - nojiHTHnec-
K yio ccpepy'". H j.cho, hto xoth oo^hoh corjiacoBaHHOCTH MOHono^H3auHH
m» 4eMOHonojiH3a U HH pejiHraosHOfi h apyrax c<pep Mo*e T h He 6biTb, ren-

363

EaKWTwaMa/i BeKTypraHOBa, AmhtphS OypMaH

jichuhh KtaKoK coMacoBaHHOCTH - ecTeCTBeHHa h HeH36exHa. KaK He mo-
jkct 6biTb ycTofiHHBoro coneTaHHJi CBo6oaHoro pbiHKa w nojiHTHHecicoro mo-
HonojiH3Ma, raK He moscct SbiTb h ycraiiHHBoro coneTamifl CBo6ojiHoro pwH-
Ka h pejinrno3Horo, ayxoBHoro MOHonojin3Ma. Tawie ace cooTHomeHHa cy-
meciByioT h Meauiy pejwrH03HOH h nojiHTHMecKOH apepoH. CoBepmeHHO He
cjiyMatiHO, hto cipaHa c caMOtf pa3BHTOH h ycTOfiHHBOH fleMOKpaiHefl

CUJA - 3TO H CTpaHa C CaMOM CB060flHOH, H3HaHajIbHO fleMOHOnOJIH3KpO-
BaHHOH peJIHrH03HOH ctpepofi.

Pe^HrH03Haa ccpepa b Pocchh 3HaHHTejibHO 6o;iee MOHonojiH3HpOBaHa,
neM b Ka3axcxaHe. 3to c^oxHJiocb HCTopuHecKH, h noSeaa KOMMyHHCTHHe-
ckoh tweojioi-HH 03HanaJTa He TOJibKO cMeny ohhoh jiyxoBHOH MOHonojiHH
(npaBocjiaBHO-caMOAepxaBHoii) jipyroH ( KOMMyHHCTHHecKoii), ho h 3a-
KperuieHHe pejiHrao3Hofi mohoiiojihh b tom y3KOM cerMeHTe o6mecTBa, ko-
Topbiti KOMMVHHCTHHecKaa BJiacib «ocTaBnna» pejmniH. TpaaHUHOHHaa Be-
paflonycKajiacb, ho HexpaflHUHOHHaa, HOBaa - He aonycKajiacb.

riaaeHHe KOMMyHHCTHnecKOH CHcreMbi 03HaHJUio He TOJibKO najieHHe ay-
xobhoh MOHonojiHH KOMMyHHCTHHecKOH Hfleojioran, ho h ocBoSoauieHHe,

«OTKpbITHe» pe^HrH03HOH cqbepu. B POCCHK) npHe3>KaiOT HHOCTpaHHbte MHC-

cHOHepw, h noTejieBvmeHHK) moscho BRieTb hx nponoBenn h 6jiaroxejiaTejib-
Hbie nepeaaHH o pejiHrH03Hbix MeHbiuHHCTisax. Ornatco 3TOTyp0BeHb cBo6ojibi
He cooTBeTCTBOBan HapoflHbiM «npHBbiHicaM», h oneHb cKopo o6o3HaHHnacb
teHfleHUHa k B03BpameHnio k TpaanuHOHHbiM Jinn Pocchh <J)opMaM o6mecT-
BeHHoii XH3HM. npaBOcriaBMe HaHHHaer HrpaTb pojib «ap3aua» rocyaapcTBeH-
hoh HaeojiorHH, h trreneHb pejiHrH03HOH CBo6onbi pe3KO coKpaiuaeTca.

B Ka3axcTaHe TaKaa TeHAeHUHH ioxjz ecrb, ho 3KaHHTejibHO c;ia6ee. KaK

B Ka3aXCTaHCK0M C03HaHMH HeT TOM XeCTKOH CBA3KH STHHHeCKOrO H KOH-

cpeccHOHajTbHoro, KaKaa ecTb b Pocchh, TaK h Ka3axcTaHCKHH npaBHTejib
H. Ha3ap6aeB 3HaHHTejibHO MeHee OToacaecTBJifleT ce6a c HonaMOM, 4eM
B. riyTMH - c npaBocjiaBHein. Ero orHouieHHe k pejinrHH 3HaHMrejibHO Heno-
cpeACTBeHHee, cBo6oflHee h 6ojiee jiHHHoe. Bot ero OTBeT Ha Bonpoc xypHa-
jiHCTa, BepyioiUHH jih oh: «fl He nepenepKHBaio cBoero KOMMyHHCTKnecKOro
npouiiioro, noaTOMy MHe Tpyjwo oTBeTMTb Ha 3tot Bonpoc... Ha riacxy h no-
ceiuaio npaBOC^aBHyio uepKOBb, Ha PaMa3aH - MycyjibMaHCKyio Menem..
npHflepXHBarocb mmcjih, hto Eor - oflHH, a wr jhosh k HeMy pa3HMMn ny-
tomk»». B oahom HHTepBbio 1999 r. oh cKa3aji, hto MeHTaeToejiHHOM xpaMe,
b kotopom 6ya.yT oTnejibHbie Bxoabi kjih npencTaBHT&nefi pa3Hbix pejinrHH, ho
o6iuhK Bbixofl 12 . BbiCTynaa HeaaBHO Ha otkphthh hoboh CHHarorw b HaBJio-
aape, H.Ha3ap6aeB CKa3aji: «fl yBepeH, hto b MHpe He SyjieT HHKaKHx ctojik-
HOBeHHH UHBn;iH3auHH, eain Bee JiroflH HaynaTCH >KHTb no npHHUnny: Bor
oflHH, h Bee Mbi k Hewy npHaeM»i3.

Bojiee Toro, xeHa npe3HfleHTa Ka3axcraHa wcnbiTHBaeT 6oJibuiOH jihh-

HblH HHTepeC K HeKOTOpbIM HeTpaflHUHOHHblM pe^HrH03HblM yHeHHHM -

yneHHK) nopqbHpHfl MBaHOBa h Caw Ba6bi ABaTapu, npHneM He TOJibKO co-
uepmeHHO He cKpbiBaeT stot MHTepec, ho iiaxe aKTHBHO cnocoGcTByer hx

364

MaccoBoe co3 H aHne h pejinma b Kaaaxa aHe h Pocchh

pacnpocTpaHeHwoH. B Pocchh noAo6Hoea6cojiK>THOHeB03Mo> f cHo EoihSbi

IntZ r CHHCKOr ° nPC3H4eHTa " B03HHM ° ™»* »HHe, OHO S -

jio 6h npecceHo, m» ima^o CKpbiBanocb 6b. (xaK, bosmo^ho ckdmS-

^^0™°^^°^ HHTCPeCbl f 0CC ™ CKHX ™HTOB, JyXH OKOTO-

h Haeojioms He Moryr oihuikom OTJiHHaTbca or Maccosbix. Ho KpoMe xoro

BeTCTByer ncnxo^ornw oSmecTBa, Hpejwro, n mm HJIH , B0 ' BCftK0 P ^
«e ™aei orropxeHH, (oco6eHHO b raKHx opepax, « K pen™, H f 3a
Tpa n.™ HenpcpeacTBeHHo hx Maxep^bHb.x *,h baIcikux HHtept
'pi, CTOn PoueHTHOMy naeojiornHecKOMy oioxaecibvieHHio pyccL

n^ R n™ PaB ° CJ,a,3HeM CO0TBeTCTB y [0T BbinojiHeHHe pemrmwm o5 ? »-

AOB B. nyTHHMM K3K B3XHOH POCyaapCTBeHHOM H HaUHOH<U,bHOH oSpJWHO-

cth, rocyaapcTBeHHoro^ra, a BOcnpHaiHe hm BHyT P n U e P KOBHbix aeji KaK
rocyflapcxBeHHMx (aKiHBHoe ynacTne b 06*™™ Pn?U ^y6elo*
uepKBH). H Haoeopox, necKo^o 6o.ee cbo&whc*, .HHHoe „, Moxe ™
Z U J™ CK ™ OTHOUieHHe HasapGaeBa k B epe, nocrosHHoe uo^Za-

H«e HM UeHHOCTH MHOFOKOHCpeCCHOHa^bHOCTH H P e.lHrH03HOH TepnHMOCTH

opniHimiUH hm pa3Horo pom HHOKWHcneimMc Me* P e™rH03Hb IX koh!

Sr™r J, ° roBU " CnOKOftH ° e ° TH ° meHHe K He ^^H0HHB.M pe,MTH-

03HM„ yB^eneHHHM wchob CBoefi ceM bH - H e to;*™ ero <u,khho flM o»

P «?^^

Ho BbicoKaa cieneHb MOHonojiHsauHH pejmrHOSHOH ccj>epbi b Pocchh -
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366

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jumtifaix 2002 r.: QmmA., Kaapuamen K. Penn™s3Haa cra6nnH3aunB (OrHomeHHe
k pe^HrHH b coBpeMeHHoft Pocchh) // Cso6biiHaa Mbtcjib - XXI Ne 7 2003

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sac™ pyccKHX, peuiHBUiHx CBaaaTb cboio cy fl b5y c KasaxcraHOM, cxpeMJieHne k aioc'yjib-
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raroreHHa k wcjraMy. Ho em h oSpaTHMft npouecc, xots h b MeHbiunx pasMepax.

367

EaHCbiTHtaMafl BeinypraHOBa, flMmpnii OypMatt

6 Cm. onwcaHHe cymecTByromHx b Ka3axciaHe pejiwrafi b KHure: Meanoe B.A.,
Tpo<pi)Moe J7.<P. PejTMraH b Ka3axcTane. AjiMa™, 2003.

i Otbct «aa» Ha Bonpoc «BepnTe jth bh b Eora?» WMeeT HecKOJiwco HHoe rrcHxo-
jiorHHecKoe 3HaieHHe, MeM onpeae^eHMe ce6a KaK Bepyrowero. nojio>KHTejibHbiH ot-
Bei Ha 3tot Bonpoc Bceraa aaiOT Maine, hcm mteHTmpHUHpyioT ce6a raK Bepyioiunx.

8 3HaMHTe^bHO 6oJibuiafl cpeflHfiH o6pa30BaHHocib Ka3axctaHCKHX pecnonaeH-
tob, cweBHHHO, CBfi3aHa c TeM, 4to b Ka3axcraHe onpoc npoBonmica tojimco B Kpyn-
Hbix ropoaax.

9 Onpoc, npeanpHHATbifi HHCTHTyroM pa3BHTna Ka3axcraHaB 1996 r., noKa3an,
hto scchuihh b rpyiine sepyioiuHX SbiJio 61,5%, hto 6jw3ko k npHBejieHHOfi Bbiuie uh-
<ppe, h raioKe MeHbiue yae^bHoro Beca *ceHmnHcpe,nn pocchhckhx Bepyiomnx. - Cm.:
Bo hto Mbi BepyeM // Ka3axciaHCKaa ripaBfla, 15.01.1997. C. 3.

i° npHMeHeHHH 3K0H0MHHecicnx Moaejieii pbiHKa k pejinrno3HOM cqbepe cm. pa-
6oTbi Jl. HaHHaKKOHe (L. Iannaccone) -
http://gunston.doit.gmu.edu/liannacc/Downloads/iannaccone.html.

ii Ka3axcTa«CKaa IlpaBjia. 24.10. 1995. C. 2. B 3tom *e HHTepBbio Ha3ap6aeB
paccKa3biBaeT, hto 6a6yuiKa ynwia ero, Koraa oh nonaaaer b TpyflHbie cn:ryaunn, no-
MciHTbcn - He Ajmaxy, aayxy ero npeaica b BOCbMOM miieHe Kapacafi 6aTbipa, hto oh
h ae.naeT h 3to emy flaxe noMoraei.

ii Ka3axcraHCKaa npaBiia, 10.09.1999. C. 4.

> 3 lapHbiu C. HypcyjixaH Ha3ap6aeB otkpmji caiwyio SoJibuiyro cnHarory Uem--
panbHofi A3hh // HTpeJiHrHH, 15.09.2004. C. 2.

14 Cm.: Mbi cnacTJiHBw, KoraacBoooflHbi. (HHTepBbio C.A. Ha3ap6aeBoK) // Xy-
Ma- nsTHHua. ra3eTaanii ateHiiiHH, 30.12.1994. C. 2; Hbnuwie cnoKOHCTBHeM h jito-
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20.10.1995. C. 2. B nepBOM HHTepBbio C. Ha3ap6aeBa roBOpHT, «rroy4eHne n. HBaHo-
Ba - «He pejwrna, a Y^eHHe... 4to xe KacaeTca Bepbi... Hy kto H3 Hac MoaceT noxsa-

JIHTbCB CBOefi OpTOaOKCaJlbHOCTblO - MycyjIbMaHCKOH JIH, xpHCTHaHCKOM?». Bo BTO-

poM: «...npHpozia-MaTb h Bor y Bcex oahh h Te >Ke». Uoa. BJituiHHeM C.Ha3ap6aeBofi
oaaopoBHTe^bHbie npouejiypu-pHTyanbi, npHHsiTbie y nocnenoBaTejiefi n. HBaHOBa, h
ero yqeHMe ctajiH aKTHBHo pacnpocTpaHflTbca b Ka3axcTaHCKofi apMHH. Cm.: A oh caM
k HaM na 3eMJiro npmueJi. (HHTepBbio BTyjieiceeBa) // Ka3axcTaHCKaa n paB.ua, 1 3.02.
1998. C. 14; cm. Taoce: TpcKpuMoe %. TocyaapcTBo, o6iueCTBO h pejinrna b coBpeMeH-
hom Ka3axcTaHe // UeHTpa^bHaa A3na h KaBKa3, 2001, Ne 2(14).

15 B 2003 r. B Ka3axcTaHe noa pyKOBoacTBOM Ha3ap6aeBa npoxoiWT Cte3a MHpo-
bux h TpaaHUHOHHbix pejiHraii. Oco6o 6o^buiyio poflb HrpaeT pyKOBOAHMbiH Ha3ap-
6aeBbiM Ka3axcTaH b opraHM3aunn flwafrora Mcacay HyaaH3MOM w npaBoaiaBtieM.

16 Cm.: <t>ypMciHjI., Kaapuamen K. PeJinrno3Haa CTa6H^H3auna b Pocchh // Cbo-
6oflHaa Mbic^b - XXI, 2003, N9 7; <PypMOH ft., Kaapuamen K. S\ aoBepaio npe3naeH-
Ty... // CBo6onHaa Mbicjib - XXI, 2003, Ne 5.

17 npM TOM 3TH Mepbl 6bIJlH HanpaBJieHbl He CTOJlbKO npOTHB HHOKOHCpeCCHO-
Ha.1bHbIX MHCCHOHepOB, CKOJlbKO npOTHB HHOCTpaHHblX MyCyjIbMaHCKHX MHCCHOHe-

pOB. aKTHBHbix Ha 6ojiee HCJiaMH3HpoBaHHOM Ka3axcTaHCKOM lore, nacTb KOTopux
Morjia pacnpocTpaHHTb noJiHTimecKH; aKTHBHCTCKHe (popMbi wc^aMa. Cm.: JIu B. 3a-
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OB ABTOPAX

ApaaeB BjianwHHp, xypHanHd, b 1987—1998 rr. KoppecnoHaeHT nmeTbi
«H3Becra3» b Ka3axcTaHe, MocKBa.

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BopncoBa ExaTepHHa, KamimaT HCTOpmecKHX HayK, HaynHbifi; coTpya-
hhk MHCTHTyra BOCTOKOBeaeHHfl PAH, MocKBa.

floKyaeBa Ajiexcaimpa BmcropOBHa, KaHHHflat (pH3MKo-MaTeMaTHHec-
khx HayK, aenyraT BepxoBHoro CoBeia Ka3axcKOH CCP XI co3biBa, owa H3
ocHOBaTejiefi h npeace^aTejiefi (1994—1995 rr.) Pecny6jiHKaHCKoro HBHxe-
hhsj «Jlan» b Ka3axcTaHe, b HacToawee Bpeina 3aBeayiomas OTflejioM flHacno-
pbi h MHipauHH HHCTHTyTa flHacnopbi h HHTerpauHH (MHCTHTyra CTpaH
CHO, MocKBa.

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PAH, MocKBa.

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CTpaH A3HH H AcjjpKKH, MoCKBa.

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MocKBa,

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MHK, TOKHO, HnOHHH.

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3a, HeanoJib, HTajiHa.

Cbohk nerp, jiHpeKTOp yqpejKfleHHjj «£eMOKpa™HecKaa 3Kcnepra3a.
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Hay^Hbifi coTpyflHHK MHCTHTyra EBponu PAH, MocKBa.

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Horo MjiJiMHOHca, CUIA.

515

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(BBeaeHHe) —

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Ka3axcKHH «o6pa30BaHHbiH ioiacc» b Pocchhckoh HMnepHH 12

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1928-1934 .........:..... 79

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poflHHa 3Toro MeHbiiiHHCTBa (PyccKHe, yftrypw h KOpenubi .

b nocTCOBCTCKOM Ka3axcTaHe h k CBoefi poflHHe) 389

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