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CATALOGUE OF COINS 

IN THE 

PANJAB MUSEUM, LAHORE 


BY 

R. B. WHITEHEAD 

INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE, MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY 
AND OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL 


VOL. I 

INDOGREEK COINS 


PUBLISHED FOR THE PANJAB GOVERNMENT 


OXFORD 

AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 
1914 



OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 

LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YORK 
TORONTO MELBOURNE BOMBAY 

HUMPHREY MILFORD M.A. 

PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY 



PREFACE 


This volume describes the Collection of Indo-Greek coins 
in the Lahore Museum, Panjab, India. I have applied the 
term Indo-Greek to the issues of the Greek Kings of Bactria 
and India, and of their contemporaries and immediate 
successors in North-West India, who struck money bearing 
legible Greek inscriptions. These were the Indo-Seythic and 
Indo-Parthian dynasties, and the Great Kushans, down to 
and including Vasu Deva. 1 

The coins in the Lahore Museum were contained in two 
separate Collections. One was the Government Collection 
proper, and the other was the Cabinet of Mr. C. J. Rodgers, 
a well-known figure in Indian numismatics, a Collection which 
was purchased by the Panjab Government. Mr. Rodgers 
prepared Catalogues under official auspices, both of the 
Government Collection and. of his own Cabinet: and these 

A,* f l A 

were printed at the Baptist'* Mission Press, Calcutta, in the 
years 1892 to 1894. Neither work was illustrated, a fact 
which has detracted much from their value. 

In the. Preface to one of the Parts of his Catalogue, 
Mr. Rodgers mentions the fact that at the beginning of his 
career as a coin collector, he specialised in the issues of the 
Indo-Greeks. But he found that they were so difficult to 
obtain, and that such a large outlay was necessary for their 

1 The epithet Indo-Greek, to be strictly accurate, is only applicable to 
the coins of the Greeks in India and on the Indian Frontier. It cannot coyer 
the Kushans, except in the abbreyiated sense in which I haye used it in the 
title of this work. 


A 2 



IV 


PREFACE 


acquisition, that lie turned his attention to M ugh al coins, and 
left the ancient coins to his friend General (afterwards Sir 
Alexander) Cunningham. Nevertheless the Indo-Greek sec¬ 
tion of his Cabinet was not to be despised, and it was very 
strong in the copper series. The Government Collection 
contained some good Greek coins, and there were a few 
very tine specimens in a small but valuable supplementary 
Collection, which is described in the Government Collection 
Catalogue, and was apparently purchased en bloc, probably 
from Mr. C. J. Rodgers himself, by means of a special grant. 
Then there were also the coins purchased from time to time 
during the nineteen years which have elapsed since the 
production of Mr. Eodgers’ Catalogue. 

The Indo-Greek coins of the Bleazby Collection were pur¬ 
chased for the Lahore Museum in the year 1911. They cost 
£800, and this expenditure was met in equal shares by the 
Government of India, and by the Panjab Government. The 
splendid Collection of which they formed part, was made by 
Mr. G. B. Bleazby, late of the Financial Department of the 
Government of India, during a long career spent in North- 
West India. 

It was felt that the time had arrived for the incorporation 
of all these coins into one combined Collection, and for the 
production of a new Greek Catalogue. I was asked to carry 
out this work. A new Catalogue of the combined Mughal 
coins in the Lahore Museum has been prepared simultaneously 
with this volume. 

For convenience of treatment I have divided this work 
into three parts, to each of which I have written a brief Intro¬ 
duction. The first treats of the coins of the Greek Kings of 
Bactria and India. The second describes the issues of the 
Indo-Scythians and of the Indo-Parthians, and the third the 
coins of the Kushans. The distinction between Indo- 
Scythians and Indo-Parthians is at present largely con¬ 
ventional. In Volume I of the recently-produced Indian 



PREFACE 


v 


Museum Catalogue, Mr. Vincent Smith calls both dynasties 
Indo-Parthian. 

The intrinsic interest of the coins described in this work 
is great, and they make a strong appeal to the favourable 
notice of collectors, especially to those belonging to that 
European nation which is the first to have accomplished from 
the sea what Greece did from the land, and so may be re¬ 
garded as the legitimate successor of the Greeks in the Panjab. 
Mr. Stuart Poole remarked in his Preface to the British Museum 
Catalogue of the Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of 
Bactria and India, that few fields of numismatics offer richer 
material, historical, archaeological, and even philological. To 
■ a very large extent these contemporary documents in metafl. 
are the only testimonies to a period which would otherwise 
have disappeared from history. The names of Menander and 
Apollodotos are just mentioned by classical annalists, but 
those of the numerous other Indo-Greek princes are merely 
found on their coins, and till four years ago no other epi- 
graphical evidence of their existence was known. But now we 
have the inscription at Besnagar in the Gwalior State, which 
relates that the stone pillar on which it is inscribed was 
erected by Heliodoros, son of Dion, a subject of the great 
king Antalkidas of Taxila, the ruler whose name is familiar 
from his coins in the form Antialkidas. This is one of the 
several remarkable discoveries recently made by the Archaeo¬ 
logical Department of India. 

The historical importance of these coins is not confined 
to the issues of the Greek princes. Our knowledge of the 
Indo-Scythians, Indo-Parthians, and Kushans is again almost 
entirely derived from the study of their coins; and the interest 
is strengthened by the fact that the coins of the Indo-Parthians 
give us the name of Gondophares, known to Christian tradi¬ 
tion as the Indian ruler under whom the Apostle St. Thomas 
was martyred. Then on the coins of the Kushans we have 
the name of Kanishka, known to fame as the convener of the 



VI 


PREFACE 


fourth great Buddhist Council, the Council which gave con¬ 
sistency and official sanction to the doctrines of Northern 
Buddhism. 

As regards the philological importance of the Indo-Greek 
coins, it must not be forgotten that they provided the key to 
the Kharosthi script. Many documents written in the 
Kharosthi character have been discovered recently by Sir 
Aurel Stein in Khotan. A further interest lies in the shape 
of these coins, many of them being square or oblong, and 
in the characteristic designs of gods and animals as conceived 
by the oriental Greek artist. 

I have modelled this Catalogue on Professor Gardner’s The 
Goins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in the 
British Museum, which, though published in 1886, is still the 
best guide to the student. I have derived much assistance 
from the first volume of the Indian Museum Coin Catalogue, 
by Mr. Vincent A. Smith. This was published at the 
Clarendon Press in 1906. In the Introduction I have used 
material from my paper ‘The Place of Coins in Indian 
History’ (« Journal of the Panjab Historical Society). I have 
been unable to arrange for a Kharosthi fount for the inscrip¬ 
tions in this language. The system of transliteration is that 
used by G. Buhler in his well-known palaeographical tables 
published in the Grmdriss der Indo-Arischen Philologie. 

It is hoped that the information contained in the Text 
will be found accurate and up to date. Points worthy of 
attention have been noticed in the body of the Catalogue. 
I have done my best to exclude forgeries. The one or two 
doubtful coins which have been included, are marked with 
an asterisk. The Catalogue contains lists of coins unrepre¬ 
sented in the Museum, which lists I have made as complete 
as possible. Supplementary Plates at the end of each Section 
contain reproductions of important and interesting coins 
which are absent from this Collection. 

Owing to the comparatively small scope of this work, 



PREFACE 


vii 

I have thought it unnecessary to prepare any Index. The 
names of the rulers represented appear in the List of 
Contents. The Bleazby coins are distinguished throughout 
by the initials G. B. 

All the work of preparation of the Catalogue has been 
done in the Department of Coins and Medals, British Museum, 
with the permission of Mr. G. F. Hill, Keeper of the Coins, 
and I desire to thank him and his colleagues for their kindness 
and help. I am especially indebted to Mr. J. Allan, who has 
generously placed the whole of his knowledge of these coins 
at my service, and whose intimate acquaintance with the 
bibliography of the subject has been essentially valuable. 
The Plates illustrating this work have been produced from 
casts by the collotype process at the Clarendon Press. 

Professor E. J. Rapson and Dr. J. F. Fleet have kindly helped 
me in the elucidation of one or two difficult points. I am 
further indebted to Mr. J. Allan for reading through the 
proofs of this Catalogue. Finally, I wish to thank the Staff 
of the Clarendon Press for the promptitude and accuracy 
of their work. 


Bootle Bectoet, Cumbeeeand, 
August, 1913. 


R. B. WHITEHEAD. 



CONTENTS 


PAGE 


Peep ace .. . . . iii 

List of Plates .. . . . xi 

Abbbeyiations .. . . t . xii 


SECTION L COINS OF THE GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA 
AND INDIA 


Introduction.. . . . 3 

Catalogue. 9 

Sophytes 1 . 9 

Diodotos.. . . . 9 

Euthydbmos I, .. . .10 

Demetbios ..12 

Euthydbmos II. ..14 

Pantaleon. 16 

Agathokles. 16 

Antimachos Theos .. 18 

Eukratides.. . 19 

Plato . 27 

Helioklbs. 27 

Lysias. 30 

Antialkidas. 32 

Diomedes. 36 

Abchebios. 38 

Apollodotos .. 40 

Stbato I.49 

Stbato with Agathokleia 52 

POLYXENOS. 53 

Menander.. 

Epandeb. 64 

Dionysios .. 64 

ZoiLOS .. 65 

Apollophanes. . . 68 


1 Rulers whose names are in italics, are unrepresented. 













CONTENTS 


ix 


PAGE 


Artemidoros. 68 

Antimachos Nikephoros . . ..70 

Philoxenos.71 

Nikias . .73 

Hippostratos.74 

Theophilos.. . . . * 77 

Amyntas.78 

Telephos. 79 

Peukolaos.80 

Strato I with Strato II .81 

Hermaios ........... 82 

Hermaios and Kalliope . . . . . . . 86 

Supplementary . . . . . , . . . .87 


SECTION n. COINS OP THE INDO-SCYTHIANS AND 


INDO-PAKTHIAN S 

Introduction ..91 

Catalogue. 98 

INDO- SCYTHIAN S 

Maues ..98 

Azes .. 104 

Azes and Azilises ..132 

Azilises . . . . 133 

Vonones with Spalahores . . . . . . . 141 

Vonones with Spalagadames . . . . . . . 142 

Spalyris (Spalahores) with Spalagadames . . . . 143 

Spaliri&es (as king’s brother).143 

Spaliri&s with Azes . . . . . . . .144 

Spaliri^es (as king) . . . . . . . . .144 

A^hama . . ..145 

Supplementary . . . . . . . . . .145 

INDO-PAETHIANS 

Gondophares.146 

Abdagases.. . ... 153 

Orthagnes . ... .... 155 

Sanabares ........... 156 

Pakores ........... 156 

Zeionisks.. . . . 157 




























X 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Kharahostes . . ... 

Arsakes Theos . . » * * * • • * .160 

Soteb Megas 1 . . . * • • • * ' .160 

Hebaos (Miaos).. 

Hyekodes . . . * 164 

Phseigachabis . . .. 

Sapaleizes , 

BaJ UVULA.* ... .166 

Indo-Chinese ..*®7 

Odumbara Bajahs : 

Dhaeaghosa . .. 

Budravarma . . . . * * * * .167 

Supplementary . . . . . • * * • .168 

SECTION III. COINS OF THE RUSHANS 

Introduction.* 7 * 

Catalogue. * * * * .178 

Hebmaios with Kujula Kadphises .. 178 

Kujula Kadphises (Kadphises I).l 7 ^ 

Kadaphes.* * * • .181 

Yima Kadphises '(Kadphises II) . . . • • .183 

Kanishka.. • * .186 

Huvishka.I 94 

Yasu Deva. 208 

Kanishko . • .211 

Yasu ............ 212 

Rushano-Sassanian Bulees : 

Imitations oe Yasu Deva . . . . . . .212 

„ „ Hoemazd II.213 

3 , „ Yarahran I.213 

Supplementary .. . . .214 

Table oe the Belative Weights oe English Grains and French 

Grammes ........ ... 215 

Relative Table oe Inches and Millimetres . . . .217 

Monograms . . 218 

Plates I to XX. at the end of volume 

1 The inclusion of Soter Megas and the following rulers amongst the Indo-Parthians, 
is explained in the Introduction to Section II, p. 96, and in a footnote on p. 164. 





















XI 


LIST OF PLATES 

COINS OF THE GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 

I. Diobotos, Euthybemos I, Demetrios, EtJTHYBEMOS II. 

II. Pantaleon, Agathokles, Antimachos Theos, Etjkratides. 

III. Eukratibes, Heliokles, Lysias, Antialkxdas. 

IV. Antialkibas, Diomedes, Aechebios, Apollobotos. 

V. Apollobotos, Strato I, Strato anb Agathokleia, Polyxenos. 

VI. Menanber, Epanber. 

VII. Dionysios, Zoilos, Apollopkanes, Artemiboeos, Antimachos 
Nikephoros, Philoxenos, Nikias. 

VIII. Hippostratos, Theophilos, Amyntas, Telephos, Petjkolaos, 
Strato I with Strato II. 

IX. Hermaios, Kalliope, Supplemeniary. 

COINS OF THE INDO-SCYTHIANS AND INDO-PABTHIANS 

X. Hales. 

XI. Azes. 

XII. Azes, Azes anb Aspavarma. 

XIII Azilises. 

XIV. Azilises, Vonones with Spalahores, Vonones with Spalaga- 
BAMES, SPALYRIS (SPALAHORES) WITH SpALAGABAMES, 

Spaliri&es, Spalirises with Azes, A^hama. 

XV. Supplementary, Gonbophares, Abbagases. 

XVI. Orthagnes, Pakores, Zeionises, Kharahostes, Soter Megas, 
Heraos, Hyrkobes, Phseigacharis, Kajlylla, Dharaghosa , 
Budravarma. 

COINS OF THE KUSHANS 

XVIL Supplementary , Kadphises I, Kabaphes, Vima Kabphises, 
Kanishka. 

XVIII. Kanishka, Htjyishka. 

XIX. Huyishka, Vase Deya, Kanishko, Vase. 

XX, Keshano-Sassanian, Supplementary. 



Xll 


LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 


M 

copper, including bronze. 

M 

silver. 

N 

gold. 

B. M. . 

British Museum. 

B. M. Cat. . 

Catalogue of the Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of 
Bactria and India in the British Museum. 

Oman, 

For Section I, The Coins of Alexander’s Successors in the 
East. By Sir Alexander Cunningham. 

For Section 31, The Coins of the Sahas. 

For Section III, The Coins of the Kushdns. 

* 

doubtful. 

ex. 

exergue. 

6. B. 

from the Collection of G. B. Bleazby, Esq. 

L M . Cat. . 

Indian Museum Catalogue. , VoL I. 

J.A.S.B. 

Jou/rnal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 

J.R.A.S. . 

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 

KL 

Kharosthi (Bactrian Pali). 

L . 

left (of reader). 

M.. 

monogram, or kindred mark. 

N. S. 

Numismatic Supplement to the Journal of the Asiatic 
Society of Bengal. 

Mum. Chron. . 

Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic 
Society. 

PL 

Plate. 

r. . 

right (of reader). 

rd. 

round. 

rect. 

rectangular. 

S.. 

size (in inches). 

sq. 

square. 

W. 

weight (in grains). 





SECTION I 


COINS OF THE GREEK KINGS OF 
BACTRIA AND INDIA 



INTRODUCTION 


The romance of the discovery of Greek coins in India is well 
told by Professor H. H. Wilson in Ariana Antiqua (London, 1841). 

Coins of Apollodotos and Menander were published for the first 
time by Colonel Tod in the first volume of the transactions of the 
Royal Asiatic Society, 1824. The coins described and figured became 
the subject of an interesting and learned dissertation by Augustus 
Wilhelm von Schlegel, which appeared in the Journal Asiatique , 
November, 1828. Of the medals of Apollodotos and Menander, 
Schlegel observes, ‘ces deux mddailles sont, pour ainsi dire, hors 
de prix tant pour la conservation parfaite que pour leur extreme 
raretd et leur importance historique.’ Their historical importance 
remains undiminished, but their attribute of rarity was soon to be 
changed through the discoveries of the American explorer Masson 
in Afghanistan. Mr. Masson resided for some time in that country, 
and during the years 1833 to 1837 he succeeded in accumulating 
some thirty thousand coins from the Kabul Valley and its vicinity. 
The far greater proportion of these must have been too much injured 
by corrosion to have had any other than metallic value, but several 
new names of Greek princes unknown to history were found, such 
as Archebios, Lysias, and Hermaios, and numerous pieces of what 
are now called the Indo-Scythians, Indo-Parthians, and Kushans. 
Meanwhile collateral progress in the decipherment of the legends 
was being made in India by James Prinsep, and in Europe by such 
savants as M. Raoul Rochette and Lassen. The results of Prinsep’s 
labours are embodied in his Essays on Indian Antiquities, a scholarly 
work of the first rank, but now out of date. Another early worker in 
this field was Cunningham, who as Lieutenant A. Cunningham wrote 
on these coins in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal for 
1834, and as General Sir Alexander Cunningham crowned his long 
and devoted labours on the Indo-Greek series of coins by producing 
the fully informed and striking essays which appeared in the Numis¬ 
matic Chronicle during the years 1868 to 1892, under the titles of 
i The Coins of Alexander's Successors in the East, Greeks, Indo- 
Scythians, and Parthians’, ‘The Coins of the takas', ‘The Coins of 
the Kushans’, and so on. The objection has been raised that these 
papers, although of great value, require to be read with caution, 



4 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


being disfigured by an excessive amount of fanciful conjecture. 
Perhaps this criticism applies with the greatest force to Cunning¬ 
ham’s attempts at explaining the monograms—see British Museum 
Catalogue, Introduction, p. xxxviiL But I think it would be equally 
difficult to prove or disprove the truth of these theories, and no one 
else has so far ventured to grapple with the subject. Cunningham 
may have attempted too much, but these essays still remain the only 
full accounts of the Indo-Greek series of coins, and are remarkable 
testimony to the knowledge and ingenuity of their author. During 
the sixty years covered by his activities, Cunningham, who eventually 
became Director of Archaeology in India, was an unremitting col¬ 
lector of Indo-Greek coins, and spared neither trouble nor expense in 
their acquisition. The result is to be seen in the truly superb Cabinet 
of Indo-Greek medals in the British Museum, which contains his 
entire Collection. Almost every known type and variety, some of 
which are still unpublished, are to be seen, and many of the rarest 
coins are represented by several specimens. 

A companion to Cunningham’s Coins of Alexander's Successors 
in the East is Von Sallet’s Die Nachfolger Alexanders des Grossen in 
Baktrien und Indien (Berlin, 1879). A well-known modem worker 
in the same field is Professor E. J. Rapson, who amongst other essays 
has written papers entitled Indian Coins, Notes on Indian Coins 
and Seals , and Coins of the Graeco-Indian Sovereigns Agathocleia, 
Strato I Soter, and Strato II Fhilopator. 

It is a mistake to suppose that the Greek princes of the Panjab 
and the North-West Frontier were the direct successors of Alexander 
the Great. The Macedonian conqueror did not leave behind him any 
permanent settlements in India itself, but a Greek kingdom was 
firmly established in Syria under Seleukos and his successors, and 
it was from a province of this new kingdom that the second Greek 
invasion of India came, more than a century after Alexander’s death. 
That province was Bactriana or Bactria, the country north of the 
Hindu Kush, whose capital was on the site of the present Balkh. 
We learn from the brief statements of the historians Trogus, Justin, 
,and Strabo, that Diodotos, the satrap of Bactriana, took advantage 
of the disturbances which followed the death of Antiochos Theos, 
to make himself independent. The date of his revolt was about 
246 B. 0. It is also known from history that Diodotos was succeeded 
by his son of the same name, who was supplanted by Euthydemos; 
and that Demetrios, the son of Euthydemos, was deposed by 
Enkratides, who was himself murdered, and succeeded by his own 
son, of name unknown. It was Euthydemos who extended the 
Bactrian power into the Kabul Valley, and so to India proper, and 



INTRODUCTION 


5 


the Greek conquest of the North-West Panjab was probably effected 
towards the latter end of the reign of Euthydemos, or during the 
early career of his son Demetrios. 

The coins of Diodotos and Euthydemos are Greek money of the 
Attic standard. The Greek kings of Baeiriana steadily adhered to 
the monetary system of Athens, which had already been adopted by 
Alexander and by his immediate successors in Syria. But the Greek 
kings of India, from the very first, departed from the Attic system in 
the mass of their copper money, as shown in the coins of Pantaleon 
and Agathokles, which are of the same weight, and of the same 
square shape, as the indigenous copper coins of Taxila. The copper 
money of Pantaleoffs successors is usually square or rectangular, but 
the only square silver pieces are hemidrachms of Apollodotos and 
Philoxenos. 

The first coin to exhibit legends in both the Greek and the 
• Kharosthi scripts, is a square copper coin of Demetrios. There is 
a good specimen in this Collection. Demetrios is known as the first 
king of Bactria and of India, that is to say, he held sway both in 
Bactria proper, and also in Gandhara and the regions on the side of 
India where Kharosthi was used. Eukratides struck coins of the 
purely Greek type and weight, and also of the bilingual Indian type, 
in silver and in copper, while both types are found in silver only 
of Heliokles and of Antialkidas. The succeeding princes coined 
bilingual money alone in silver and copper. In the absence of 
money of the Greek type, it may be assumed that their power was 
confined to the regions about the North-West Indian frontier. Gold 
coins of the Greek standard till the time of Eukratides are known, 
though very scarce. The discovery of a twenty-stater piece of 
Eukratides at Bukhara caused a sensation in the numismatic world 
about sixty years ago. The medal itself is in the Cabinet de France, 
Bibliothbque Nationale, Paris. It is a remarkable fact that after 
Eukratides a gold currency of any Greek prince up to and including 
the last king Hermaios is absolutely unknown. 1 We are told that 
Persian darics and Roman aurei found their way to India in great 
quantities, but no darics were struck in Persia after 330 B.C., and gold 
was not coined at Rome in any quantity before the early Empire. 

There is nothing to guide us to the history of the successors of 
Eukratides except their coins. It is conjectured that after his death 

1 There is a gold stater in the British Museum Collection which has been tenta¬ 
tively assigned to Menander. The obverse design is the helmeted bust of a king, and 
that on the reverse side is a standing owl; there are no inscriptions. The figure of the 
owl is of very inferior artistic merit, and cannot bear comparison with that on the owl 
hemidrachm of Menander. In the absence of any legend I do not think that any 
definite attribution can be made. The coin may be a contemporaneous imitation. 

1530 B 



6 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTR1A AND INDIA 


the empire of the Bactrian Greeks crumbled to pieces, that various 
scions of the royal house succeeded to different governorships, and 
that the Indian province became separate from Bactria proper. 
Cunningham held that only one hundred and twenty years elapsed 
from the revolt of Diodotos to the Indo-Scythian conquest of Kabul 
and Western India, and in that case we have to fit the reigns of some 
thirty-seven Greek kings and satraps into this short space of time. 
It follows that more than one of these rulers must have been reigning 
at the same period, and it is possible that the latter ones occupied 
positions in the mountains of Hazara, Kashmir, and Kangra, analogous 
with those of the present Hill Rajahs. Two of the Greek kings 
appear to have been of importance, Apollodotos and Menander. They 
are both mentioned by name in ancient history, and their coins are 
found in comparative abundance over a great extent of country. 
They are almost as common in the North-West Panjab as in the 
Kabul Valley, and many specimens have been found to the east of 
the Satlaj, and even in the United Provinces. 

The progressive degradation of the Greek lettering and design 
enables us roughly to classify these coins, and this conjectural 
succession of reigns can be checked by a close study of the monetary 
type and fabric. Thus joint as well as separate coins of Lysias and 
Antialkidas are known, which fact argues a very close relationship 
between these rulers, and successive reigns. From a tetradrachm of 
Eukratides we know that his father and mother were called Heliokles 
and Laodike. Then coins are known presenting conjugate busts of 
Strato and Agatbokleia, and of Hermaios and Kalliope. One group 
of princes is distinguished by devotion to the deity Herakles, 
whose image is found on the coins of Euthydemos and of his son 
Demetrios among the Bactrian kings, and on those of Strato, Lysias, 
Theophilos, and Zoilos, amongst the Indian kings. The worship of 
Athene Promachos is characteristic of another group, and the figure 
of the goddess occurs on the coins of Strato, Menander, Epander, 
Dionysios, and Apollophanes. But probably the locality where the 
coin was struck would determine the god to whom it would be 
dedicated. It is common for the coins of some one ruler to bear the 
images of more than one deity. The well-executed Herakles hemi- 
drachms of Zoilos are quite different in style from his poor coins on 
which the figure of Athene is found, and bear different monograms. 
Some moneyers were partial to the use of the purely Indian types of 
the elephant and humped bull, which are found together on the coins 
of Heliokles, and Apollodotos, and singly on. many other pieces. 

The fact that we have hemidrachms of Apollodotos bearing the 
elephant and humped bull, and that again other hemidrachms are 



INTRODUCTION 


7 


known of the Athene type on which the king is called Apollodotos 
Philopator, has led to the creation of two kings, Apollodotos I, 
and his supposed son Apollodotos II. Dr. Gardner— B. M. Cat — 
distinguished Apollodotos Soter from Apollodotos Philopator, and 
Professor E. J. Rapson is disposed to accept this view, but I, like 
Mr. Vincent Smith, have combined the coins under one king of 
the name. 

Since Cunningham wrote his book on Alexander’s Successors in 
the East, the coins of two new kings—Peukolaos and Polyxenos— 
have been found. Only two pieces of Polyxenos are yet known, one 
in silver and the other in copper, and both are in this Collection. 
Mr. Rapson doubts their authenticity, but I think they are genuine, 
and Mr. J. Allan is inclined to support my view. There is no reason 
to suppose that the list of kings is yet complete. 

From such considerations as those described above, worked out 
entirely from the study of the coins, it is possible to reconstruct the 
probable succession and mutual relationships of these Greek rulers, 
and to estimate the extent of country over which they ruled. The 
only coin of the entire series which bears what may be a recognisable 
date, is the unique tetradraehm of Plato in the British Museum. 

Coins of Hermaios presenting his name alone are abundant in 
copper and fairly common in silver. There is the striking hemi- 
draehm which exhibits the conjugate busts of Hermaios and his 
consort Kalliope, and a third class of coin also bears two names, that 
of Hermaios in the Greek legend, and of one Kujula Kadphises on the 
Kharosthi side. This joint appearance of the names of a Greek and 
of a barbaric ruler on the same coin, offers a convincing proof that 
Hermaios was the last of the Greek princes, and that Kujula Kad¬ 
phises, of the Kushan race, was the leader who subverted the Greek 
dominion in India. A definite proof of this conclusion lies in the 
fact that the name of Hermaios finally disappears from the coinage, 
and its place in the Greek legend is taken by that of his conqueror, 
without any further alteration of the type. 

There is no reason to suppose that Alexander struck money in 
India of the types current elsewhere. Von Sallet published a copper 
coin of Alexander as a piece of Indian origin, because its shape 
was more square than round, but I am informed that this theory 
has been abandoned. On the other hand, ancient imitations of the 
well-known silver currency of Athens are found on the Indian 
Frontier, on which the owl is replaced by a standing eagle with 
its head turned over one shoulder. In the British Museum there 
are two tetradrachms which bear the name of Alexander and this 
same eagle device, and these were probably struck in or near India. 



8 GREEK KINGS OF RACTRIA AND INDIA 

One specimen is illustrated among the coins supplementary to this 
Section. 

The Collection now catalogued is fine and up to date, and 
contains many rarities. It is weakest in the coins of the Bactrian 
kings, but the deficiencies are not great. The issues of the Greek 
princes of India are very well represented indeed. Attention is 
directed to the fine silver coins of Hippostratos, nearly all of 
which came from the Bleazby Collection. Notable pieces are the 
unique club coin of Theophilos, the copper coins of Telephos, the 
unique coins of Polyxenos, the silver pieces of Epander, Artemidoros, 
In ikias, and Apollophanes, and others. Several of these appear in 
a catalogue for the first time. The pieces of Andragoras, described 
in the British Museum Catalogue, do not properly belong to the 
Bactrian series, so the only coinages unrepresented here are those of 
Sophytes and Plato. Issues of these rulers, and the coin of Eukra- 
tides bearing the names of his parents, Heliokles and Laodike, which 
is also absent from the Museum, are illustrated in the Supplementary 
Plate. 

t A rigid exclusion of forgeries and doubtful coins has led to the 
rejection of a large number of specimens. The great extent to which 
Greek Bactrian coins are forged is well known. Fortunately for the 
collector, the forger as a rule confines his energies to making casts of 
known specimens, especially of Bactrian tetradrachms and Indian 
didrachms. On the other hand, I have seen several good die-struck 
imitations, especially of the tetradrachms of Antimachos Theos, and 
of those medallions of Agathokles which bear the portrait of Diodotos 
Soter. Nearly all the very rare copper coins are forged, especially 
the scarce copper types of Menander. In the Supplementary Lists 
I have made brief Indications in the cases of those coins which are 
extensively imitated. 



9 


CATALOGUE 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


SOPHYTES 

Satrap in the Panjab about the time of Alexander 

Unrepresented type: 

Head of king to r., helmeted. I Cock. 

JB. M, Cat., PI. I. 3. Drachm. JR | 


N 

l 2 


DIODOTOS 1 

King of Bactria, circ. 245 b. c. 

(a) Type: head of king and Zeus; gold, round 

Head of the king r., diademed. 


w. iso. 

S. -75. 


Zeus striding to 1. and hurling 
thunderbolt; aegis on 1. arm, and 
wreath in field underneath it; at 
his feet eagle 1. 

To r. BAISAEfll 
To 1. ASOAOTOY 
G.B. PL I. 


M 

2 


(/?) Type: do.; silver, round 


In circle, head of king to r., 
diademed. 


W. 255. 
S. M. 


As on No. 1, but in addition in 
r. field B 

G. B. PL I. 


1 I have not attempted to discriminate between Diodotos I and the younger Diodotos 
of Justin. 

2 A flatfish coin, but I think it is genuine. 



10 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 



8 

As on No. 2. 

W. 57. 
a *7. 

As on No. 2, but rubbed; de¬ 
tails are indistinct. 


(y) Type : head of king ivearing flat cap and Pallas ; 

M 

copper , round 

4 1 

In dotted circle, head of king 

In dotted circle, Pallas facing, 


to r., wearing flat Macedonian cap 

spear in r. hand, and buckler 


(kausia). 

resting on the ground in 1. 
Apparently no monogram. 


W. 169. 

To r. BAIIAEOI 


m 

oo 

Ot 

To 1. AIOAOTOY 

PL l. 

5 

9S 

(poor) 


W. 125. 


S. -75. 

Unrepresented types : 

G.B. 


(i) Diademed bust of king to r. 

As on No. 2, but 


i B. M. Tetradraehm. 

Tor. AIOAOTOY 

To i. sniHpoi 

M. 4. 


(ii) 

Artemis to r. with torch ; on one 


3 . M . Cat ., PI. I. 9. M 

specimen she is accompanied by a dog. 


EUTHYDEMOS 1 2 3 


King of Bactria, circ. 220 b.c. 


(a) Type : head of king a nd seated Eerakles with club 

M 

on rock ; silver, round 

6 8 

Head of king r., diademed. 

In dotted circle, naked Herakles 
with club in his r. hand seated to 


W. 60. 

1. on rocks; head of club rests on 


S. -65. 

stone in front of him. 

Tor. BA2IAE.nl 


The tetradraehm is not repre- 

To 1. EY0YAHMOY 


sented here. 

In ex., M. 2. 

G. B. PI. I. 


1 A very rare type; cf. White King, Sale Catalogue, No. 7. 

2 For convenience I have adhered to the old classification of the B. M. Cat , though 
there seems to be no good reason for the existence of a second Euthydemos. Mr. Vincent 
Smith has amalgamated all the coins under one king of the name. 

3 It has been noticed that the coins of Sophytes and the gold and silver coins of the early 



EITTHYDEMOS 1 


11 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

7 

As on No. 6. 

As on No. 6. 


W. 30. 

S. -55. 



(/3) Type : head of hing and seated Heraldes with dub 
on knee; silver, round 

8 

Head of king r., diademed. 
[Elderly portrait, cp. JB.3f.Cat., 
PL 11. 5.] 

W. 256. 

S. M. 

Herakles with club as before, 
seated 1. on rock, over which lion’s 
skin has been thrown; club rest¬ 
ing on his r. knee. 

Tor. BAIIAEfll 

To 1. EY0YAHMOY 

R. M. 3. 

G, B. PL L 

9 

>9 

W. 240. 

S. 1. 

?? 

M. 3. 

G.B. 

10 1 

SI 

W. 145. 

S. 1. 

95 

Monogram indistinct. 

11 

99 

As on No. 10. 


W. 173. 

S. 1. 


12 

99 

W. 92. 

S. -95. 

9 J 


Seleukids were struck in such a way that the obverse and reverse designs are placed in 
exactly opposite directions. This is also true of the coins of Diodotos and of the early 
Bactrian staters. It holds good with most of the coins of this type of Euthydemos, while 
on those of type (0) the two designs generally point the same way. Hence it is fair to 
assume that type (a) is earlier than type (0). On all the gold and silver Bactrian coins, the 
designs are carefully struck so as to point either in opposite directions, as on the earliest 
types, or in the same direction. I understand that as a rule the European Greek coins were 
struck haphazard as far as the comparative orientation of the obverse and reverse designs was 
concerned. 

i Coins Nos. 12 to 16 appear to be contemporaneous or early imitations. 



12 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 



13 

As on No. 8. 

W. 103. 

a i*l 

As on No. 10. 

14 

33 

33 


Parthian type, cp. /. M. Cat 

Legends quite barbarous and 


PL I. 6. 

W* 142. 

a i. 

illegible. 

15 

j? 

As on No. 8 ; indistinct mono- 


¥. 62. 

gram on extreme r. 


S. -7. 

G. B. 

M 

(y) Type : head of Herakles and horse ; copper, round 

16 

Bare head of bearded Herakles r. 

Horse prancing to r. 


Flat coin. 

Above, BAZlAEflZ 

Below, EY0YAHMOY 


W. 110. 

Possible monogram to r., but 


S. -9. 

indistinct. 

G. B. PL I. 

17 

33 

33 

No monogram. 


W. 100. 

S. -9. 

Unrepresented types: 

G.B. 


(i) The gold stater ; type of No. 6. JB. M. Cat, PI. I. 10. 


(ii) An Apolline type of copper coin. f Ariana Antiqua.’ 


DEMETRIOS 


King on N.W. Indian Frontier, circ. 200 b.c. 


(a) Type : lust of king tvearing elephant’s scalp and 

M 

Her aides; silver, round 

18 

Diademed bust of king to r., 

Naked Herakles standing to 


wearing elephant's scalp. 

front, crowning himself with his 
r. hand, and carrying club and 


W. 255. 

lion's skin under his 1. arm. 


S. 1*3. 

To r. BAIlAEni 


Drachm unrepresented. 

To 1. AHMHTPIOY 

L. M. i. 

G. B. PL I. 



DEMETRIOS 


13 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

JR 



19 

In dotted circle, as on No. 18, 

In dotted circle, as on No. 18. 

20 

but head, not bust. 

W. 9. 

8 . *5. 

M. 3. 

jE 

(/?) Type : elephant's head and caduceus ; copper, round 

21 

In dotted circle, head of elephant 

Caduceus; legend and mono- 


to r. with upraised trunk; bell 

gram as on No. 18. 


round neck. 

W. 150. 

a m. 

M. 5. 

G. B. 


(y) Type : HeraJdes and Artemis ; copper, round 

22 

Bearded bust of Herakles to r.; 

1 Artemis standing to front, head 


knot of lion’s skin in front of 

radiate, wearing chiton and 


neck, and ivy-wreath in hair; 

buskins; holds bow in 1. hand, 


club over 1. shoulder. 

and with r. hand draws an arrow 
from a quiver at her back; legend 


W. 126. 

as on No. 18. 


S. -9. 

M. 5. 

G. B. PI. I. 

23 1 

” 

M. 6. 


W. 120. 

8 . *85. 

G. B. 

24 

W- 115. 

S. »9. 

M. 1. 

25 

j? 

W. 132. 

8 . *9. 

3VL 1. 


1 Note the unusual monogram. 



14 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


(8) Type; bust of king and winged thunderbolt; 


M 
m 1 


copper s square 


Bust of king to r., as on No. 18. 
Legend on tliree sides: 

BABAEfll ANIKHTOY AHM 

HTP10Y 

W. 94. 

8. *75. 


Winged thunderbolt. Kharo- 
sthi legend on three sides. 

To r. maharajasa 

Top, aparajitasa 
To 1. Dime - 

To 1. M. 33. PL I. 


Unrepresented types: 


(i) Diademed bust of king to r. 
(without elephant’s scalp). 
Tetradrachm. B. M. and Cabinet 
de France. 

Drachm. B. M. 

See B.M.Cat, PL XXX. 1. 

(ii) Buckler with gorgon's head. 

B. M. M 

I. If. Cat, vol. i, PI. I. 12. 

(iii) Bust of king. 

Cunningham. M 

B.M. Cat , PL XXX. 2. 


Pallas facing, with shield and spear. 
Tor. BADAEHI 
To 1. AHMHTPIOY 


Trident. 


Seated Pallas. 


EUTHYDEMOS II 


M 

27 


(a) Type: bust of Icing and Her aides ; silver, round 


In dotted circle, diademed bust 
of king to r. 

W. 260. 

S. 1*3. 


Naked Herakles, ivy-crowned, 
standing to front, holding chaplet 
in r. hand, and club and lion’s 
skin under 1. arm. 

To r. BADAEjQX 
To 1. EY0YAHMOY 
L. M. 3. 

G.B. PL I. 


28 


J 3 


W. 65. 

8 . *75. 

Obol unrepresented. 


M. 3. 

G.B. PL I. 


1 One of two known specimens ; cp. Cunningham’s Coins of Alexander’s Successors in the East, 
PI. IV. 11. The latter coin Is now in the British Museum. 



EUTHYDEMOS II 


15 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Eeverse 

Nickel 

(/?) Type : Apollo and tripod ; nickel, round 

29 

In dotted circle, laureate head 

Tripod-lebes. 


of Apollo to r. 

Tor. BASIAEHZ 

To 1. EY0YAHMOY 


W. 110. 

M. 4. 


S. *95. 

G. B. PI. I. 

30 


M. 4. 


W. 107. 

G. B. 

SI 

¥. 101. 

S3 

M. 4. 

M 

(y) As type (/?), but copper, round 

32 

As on No. 29. 

As on No. 29. 

M. 4. 


W. 160. 

S* M. 

G. B. PI. I. 

SS 

- 

JS 

M. 4. 


W. 145. 

G. B. 


(8) Type : head of Eeraldes and horse ; copper, round 

34 

As on No. 16. 

As on No. 16; no monogram. 


Thick plano-convex coin. 

W. 130. 

G. B. 


S. -8. 

Unrepresented types : None. 




16 


GEEEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


PANTALEON 


King on N.W. Indian Frontier, circ. 190 b.c. 

JE 

Type: dancing girl and leopard; copper, square 

35 1 

Dancing girl in oriental costume 

In incuse square, maneless lion, 


to 1.; holds flower in her r. hand. 

or leopard, standing to r. ; above, 
BASIAEftE, below, TTANTAAE 


Legend in Brahmi characters, r. 


rajane, 1. Fatalevaslm. 

W. 165. 

S. *8. 

ONTOZ. No monogram, 

G. B. PL II. 

36 

55 

W. 160. 

S. *75. 

55 

G. B. 

37-40 

W. 160. 

S. *75—9. 

Unrepresented types: 

55 


(i) Diademed bust of king to r. 

Enthroned Zeus, as on Alexander’s 


Tetradraehm. B. M. 

silver coins. 


Obol also known. 

Tor. BAZSAEjQZ 


B. M. Cat , PL XXX. 4. 

(ii) Type of No. 43. 

Nickel and JE. B. M. 

To LTTANTAAE0NT02 

M. 4. 


AGATHOKLES 


King on N.W. Indian Frontier, circ. 185 b.c. 


(a) Type : head of Alexander and enthroned Zeus ; 

M 

silver, round 

41 2 

Head of Alexander to r., wear- 

Zeus seated on throne to 1.; 


ing lion’s scalp; to r. AAEZAN 

holds eagle and long sceptre ; 


APOY, to 1. TOY 4>IAinnOY 

legend on three sides : 

R BAXIAEYOMT0Z 


W. 222. 

Below, AIKA10Y 


S. 1*55. 

L. Af A00KAEOYZ 



M. 3. PI. II. 


1 I have followed Hr. Vincent Smith’s reading of the obverse legend. 

2 Some ingenious person has picked out the outlines of the reverse design and letters 
on this specimen with a sharp instrument, but I think its authenticity is fairly certain. 



AGATHOKLES 


17 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


((3) Tyne : bust of Icing and Zeus with Hecate ; silver , round 

JR 



42 

Bust of the king r., diademed. 

Zeus standing facing, clad in 
himation ; in 1. hand, long sceptre; 


W. 64. 

on outstretched r. hand he bears 


S. “8. 

the three-headed Hecate, who holds 


Tetradrackm and ohol absent. 

two torches. 

To r. BASIAE £1T 

To L ATA0OKAEOYZ 

L. M. 4. 

G-. B. PL 11. 


(y) Type ; Dionysos and leopard ; nickel, round 

Nickel 



43 

Bust of Dionysos r., wearing 
wreath; spear over 1. shoulder. 

Leopard standing to r., touching 


a vine with raised paw. 

Above, BAZI AE.QZ 


¥. 115. 

Below, ATA0OKAEOYZ 


S. -85. 

L. M. 4. 

PL 11. 

44 

3} 

33 

(worn) 


W. 105. 

S. -85. 

G-. B. 

M 

(S) Type : dancing girl and leopard ; copper, square 

45 1 

As on No. 35, but legend in 

As on No. 35, but legend 


Brahml characters, r. rajane, 1. 

BASIAEnZ ArAQOKAEOYE 


A gathuldayasha. 

W. 185. 

S. -75. 

No monogram. 

G. B. PI. II. 

40-48 

3) 

S. *6-9. 

33 

G. B. 

49 

33 

33 

50 




S. *75. 



1 I have followed Mr. Vincent Smith's reading of the obverse legend. 



18 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(e) Type : stupa and Buddhist symbol; copper, four-sided 

SI 1 2 * 

Buddhist stupa, surmounted by 
star. 

a -6. 

Symbol (^) 

In ex., Kh. legend Mtajasame. 

G. B. PL II. 


(C) Type : stupa and tree hi railing ; copper, four-sided 

52 

53 
rect. 

As on No. 51 ; in ex., Kb. 
legend AJcaihuhreyasa. 

B. -7. 

Tree inside a railing; in ex., 
Ivh. legend as on No. 51. 

PL II. 


Unrepresented types : 

Commemorative silver medallions bearing names of 

(i) AIOAOTOI ZnTHP. B.M. Cat., PI. IV. 2. 

(ii) ANTIOXOZ NIKATOP. B. M. Cat., PI. XXX. 5. Nowin B.M. 

(iii) EY0YAHMOZ 0EOZ. B.M. Cat, PI. IV. 3. 


ANTIMACHOS THEOS 


King of Baetria and N.W. Frontier 

M 

(a) Type : bust of king and Poseidon ; silver, round 

54 | 

Diademed bust of king to r., 
wearing kausia. 

W. 250. 

S. 1*1. 

Poseidon standing facing, wear¬ 
ing himation and diadem ; in r. 
hand long trident; under 1. arm 
palm bound with fillet. 

Tor. BABAE D.Z 0EOY 

To L ANTIMAXOY 

L. M. 7. PL II. 

552 | 

In dotted circle, as on No. 54, 

As on No. 54, but M. 8 to r. 


W. 260. 

S. 1*2. 



1 Op. White King, Sale Catalogue, No. 26. The Kh. inscription used to be read Hmdujasame 
and interpreted 4 Lord of the Hindus’ or 4 Just to those born in HindBuhler has pointed 
out that the correct reading is Mtajasame , meaning 4 good-fame-possessing This would be 
a literal translation into Prakrit of the Greek word Agathokles. See G. Buhler, 4 The 
Kharoshthi Inscriptions on the Indo-Grecian Coins,’ Vienna Oriental Journal, 1894. 

2 Several good die-struck forgeries of this coin have been placed on the market, and 

I regard this specimen with some suspicion* 



ANTIMACHOS THEOS 


19 


Metal 

No. Obverse 


M 

56 As on No. 55. 


¥. 58. 
8 . -8. 


Ee verse 


As on No. 55. 

M. 8 . 

G. B. PL II. 


W. 56. 
8 . - 8 . 


J5 

M. 8. 


W. 11. 

8 . # 4 . 


As on No. 55, but M. 3 to r. 

G. B. PL II. 


M 

59 


(/?) Type: elephant and Nike; copper, round 


Elephant to r. 

8 . - 9 . 


Winged Nike standing to 1. 
Tor. BAZIAEjQZ - - - 
To 1. AMTIMAXOY 
G. B. PL II. 


Unrepresented types: 

Commemorative silver medallions bearing names of 

(i) EYOYAHMOS 0EOZ. B.M. 

(ii) AiOAOTOI ZQTHP. B. M. Cat, El. XXX. 6. 


EUKEATIDES 

King of Baetria and N.W. India, circ. 175 b. c. 


M 

60 


(a) Type: head of king and Apollo; silver , round 


In dotted circle, diademed bead 
of king to r. 

W. 56. 

8. -7. 

Tetradrachm absent. 


Apollo standing to 1., bolding 
arrow in r. band; bow in 1. band 
resting on ground. 

To r. BASiAEnS 
To 1. EYKPATIAOY 
L. EX 

G. B. PL II. 



20 


GEEEK KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


(/?) Type : bust of king and mounted Dioskouroi ivith inscrip- 

JBt 

iion BAZIAEflZ EYKPATIAOY ; silver, round 

01 1 

Bust of king r., diademed. 

Mounted Dioskouroi holding 
palms, charging to r. with levelled 


W. 240. 

spears. 


S. 1-3. 

Above, BAZIAEflZ 

Below, EYKPATI AOY 

R. M. 4. 

02 

In dotted circle, as on No. 61. 

1. 59. 

S. *75. 

As on No. 61; monograms, 1. 

A, and r. M. 10. 

03 

In border of reels and pellets, 

As on No. 61. 


as on No. 61. i 

W. 62. 

R. M. 3. 

G. B. PL II. 


1 (y) 2 Type : helmeted bust of king and mounted DiosJcouroi uoitJi 


inscription BASIAEilS METAAOY EYKPATI AOY; 

silver, round 

04 

In astragalos border, diademed 

Mounted Dioskouroi, as on No. 


bust of king to r., wearing crested 

61. 


helmet adorned with ear and horn 

Above, BASIAEni MEfAAOY 


of bull. 

Below, EYKPATIAOY 

R. M. 11. 


W. 258. 

S. 1-3. 

G. B. PI. II. 

05 

W. 244. 
a i*3. 

M. 11. 


1 I regard this as a corroded, genuine specimen. 

2 This is what Cunningham calls the common type of the tetradrachms of Eukratides. 
Apparently in his day Bactrian tetradrachms were frequently brought down into India, but 
they are all now extremely rare, with the exception of the tetradrachms of Euthydemos I. 
Perhaps the coins which used to come from Bukhara to India now go up to Russia. But 
I have not been able to test this theory by a visit to St. Petersburg. 



EUKRATIDES 


21 


Metal 

No. 


M 

60 


07 1 


68 


69 


70 


71-73 


74-76 


77 


Obverse 


Reverse 


As on No. 64. 

W. 256. 

S. 1-4. 


W. 261. 

S. 1*25. 


W. 258. 
S. 1*3. 


In dotted circle, as on No. 64. 

W. 62. 

S. *8. 


W. 55. 


As on No. 64. 
L. M. 12. 

G. B. 


R. M. 13. 

G. B. 


R. M. 14. 
G.B 


R. M. 15. 

G. B. 


(worn) 

Monogram indistinct. 
G. B. 


PL IL 


(<$) Type : helmeted bust of king and jyahns of the DiosTcouroi; 
silver , round 


In dotted circle, as on No. 64. 

W. 10. » 

S. *45. 


W. 9. 

8. -45. 


Two upright palms, and the 
piloi 1 of the Dioskouroi. 

To r. BASIAEni 
To 1. EYKPATIA0Y 
Below, M. 16. 

G. B. PL IL 


M. 16. 


(e) Type: as (8% but diademed bust; silver , round 
In dotted circle, as on No. 61. 


W. 10. 

8 . *45. 


Below, M. 12. 
G. B. 


PI. IL 


1535 


i mKos, an egg-shaped, felt cap, fitting close to the head. 


C 



22 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

78 

As on No. 61. 

W. 9. 1 

As on No. 71. 

M. 3. 

G. B. 

79 

ss 

W. 9. 

M. 15. 

80 

55 

W. 8. 

55 

(worn) 

M 

(£) Type : helmeted bust of king and mounted DiosJcouroi with 
Greek legend only ; copper , round • 

81 

82 

In circle, diademed bust of king 
wearing crested helmet to r. 

¥. 88. 

S. -85. 

Mounted Dioskouroi charging 
to r., as on No. 61. 

Above, BAIf AE02 MEfAAOY 
Below, EYKPATIAOY 
Monogram illegible. 

G. B. 

83-85 

¥. 83-92. 
a *9. 

55 

86 

W. 82. ” - : 

a *9. 

55 

Indistinct monogram to r. 

similar to M. 13. 

PL III. 


(rj) Type : helmeted bust of king and mounted Dioskouroi with 
bilingual legends ; copper , square 

87 

Helmeted and diademed bust of 
king to r. 

L. BAIIAEni 

Above, MEfAAOY 

Below, EYKPATIAOY 

Mounted Dioskouroi charging 
to r., as on No. 61. 

Above, Kk. Maharajasa . 

Below, Evuhratitasa. 

E. M. 12. 


W. 98. 

S. -85. 


88 

W. 132. 

a i x «9. 

E. M. 17. 



EUKRATIDES 


23 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


M 

89 


As on No. 87. 

W. 152. 

S. ‘9. 


Reverse 


As on No. 87. 
R. M. 18. 


W. 128. 

S. 1. 


91 




W. 128. 
8. *9. 


W. 120. 

8 . *9. 


98 

94 


95-98 


W. 135. 
8. *9. 


W. 120-135. 
8. -85-95. 


99 


100 


101 


W. 113. 
S. -9. 


W. 140. 
8. -9. 


W. 130. 
S. *9. 


}> 


S) 


R. M. 19. 
G. B. 




R. M. 20. 


As on No. 87; to r. ill-defined 

mark F. 

G. B. 




102 


W. 135. 

8 . 1 . 


As on No. 87; to r. Kli. ha. 
G. B. 


C 2 



34 


GREEK KINGS OF BAOTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

103 

As on No, 87. 

W. 125. 

S. *85. 

As on No. 87; under the horses 
to 1. Kh. la, to r. Kh. ha. Name 
of king written Eakvatitasa. 

104 

W. 112. 

As on No. 87. 

R. M. 21. 

105 

W. 119. 

R. M. 22. 

106 

W. 130. 

R. M. 23. 

107 

108 

W. 130. 

As on No. 87; over horses to r. 
M. 24; to 1. E. 

G. B. PL III. 

109—111 

35 

53 


W. 108-130. i 

S. *85-*95. 


112-115 

5? 

W. 120-130. 

As on No. 87; over horses to 1. 
M. 15. 

G. B. 

116 

117 

w. no. 

33 

118 

W. 112. 

As on No. 87; under horses to r. 
M. 25. 

G. B. 

119 

W- 120. 

00 

d 

120 

W. 100. 

As on No. 87; indistinct Kh. 
letter to r. 

G. B. 



EUKKATIDES 


25 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

121 

As on No. 87. j 

W. 115. 

As on No. 87; indistinct mono¬ 
gram to r. 

G. B. 

122 

¥. 135. 

As on No. 87; no monogram 
visible. 

G. B. 

123 

W. 98. 

S. -85. 

As on No. 87; to 1. under 
horses, M. 27; to r. second mono¬ 
gram similar to M. 17, but in¬ 
distinct. 

124 

3? 

W. 75. 

S. *75. ' 

As on No. 87; no monogram 
visible. 

125 

W. 59. 

S. *75. 

! As on No. 124. 

126 

W. 48. 

S. *7. 

i 

1 

127 

W. 58. 

S. *7. 

As on No. 124, but to r. M. 17. 

128 

W. 49. 

S. *7 X -6. 

! As on No. 124, but to r. Eh. ha. 

129 

5? 

W. 44. 

S. *55. 

As on No. 124. 



26 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


M 

130 


(6) Type: kelmeted bust of king and Nike; copper, square 


Helmeted bust of king to r. as 
before. 

L. BAIIAE0I 
Above, METAAOY 

R. EYKPATSAOY 


Nike standing to 1. bearing 
wreath and palm. 

R, Kk. Maharajasa. 

Rest illegible (worn). 


W. 52. 
S. -65. 


(i) Type; helmeted bust of king and enthroned Zeus ; 
copper, square 


131 1 


As on No. 130. 

W. 65. 

8 . * 8 . 


Zeus sitting on throne to front, 
holds wreath and palm; to r. of 
throne forepart of elephant (not 
visible on this specimen), and to 
1. a pilos; above this indistinct 
monogram. Kharosthi legend, 
beginning from r. and going 
round the coin, Kaviiiyenaga - 

G. B. PL HI. 


132 


M Type: bust of king and palms of Dioskouroi; 
copper, square 


As on No. 130, but bust of king 
without helmet, 

W. 46. 

8. *5. 


Palms and piloi of the Dios¬ 
kouroi. 

To r. Kh. Maharajasa. 

To 1. Kh. Evukratitasa. 

No monogram. 

G. B. Pl. III. 


i Sir Alexander Cunningham read the reverse legend to mean i The god of the city of 
Kami ’—see Goins of Alexander’s Successors in the East, p. 169. The correct reading, Kavi&ye 
nagara devata, < the city-deity of KapiSa was first given by J. Marquart, MmnSahr, pp. 280-281, 
and its importance was emphasised by Professor Rapson in J. R. A.S., 1905, pp. 788-786. 
Kapi£a was the capital of Gandhara. 



EUKRATIDES 


27 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


Unrepresented types: 

(i) Twenty-stater piece and stater 
of type ( 7 ). 

(ii) As type (/3), but helmeted bust. 
Cunningham, PL V. 3. 

Tetradrachm. 

(iii) Tetradrachm and drachm with 

names of Heliokies and Lao- 
dike. 

Cunningham, PI. V. 6 . 

(iv) As type ( 7 ), but helmeted bust 

to 1 ., thrusting javelin. 

Cunningham, PI. Y. 8 . 

Tetradrachms in B. M. and 
Cabinet de Prance. 

(v) Bilingual silver type. 

Cunningham, PI. Y. 10. 

(vi) As type (/c), but Greek legend 

only. _ 

Cunningham, Pi. Y. 11. iE 

(vii) Apollo. Horse. 

Cunningham, PI. Y. 13. M 

(viii) As type (f), but one of the 
Dioskouroi only. 

Cunningham, PI. Y. 14. M 

(ix) Bust as on (iv). Nike. 

Cunningham, PI. YI. 3. M 

(x) As type (77), but with title 

CtOTHP 

Unpublished. B. M. 

A strange coin, rather a freak 
than a distinct type. 


PLATO 


Unrepresented type : 

Helmeted bust of king to r. 

B. M. Cat, Pl. VI. 11. 

Unique tetradrachm in B. M., 
of which I have seen one or 
two forgeries. 


Deity driving quadriga. 

BAXIAEflS EHlcbANOYZ 
TTAAinNOI 


M 

133 


HELIOKLES 


King of Bactria and India 
(A) Coins of the Attic standard 


(a) Type: bust of king and Zeus ; diver, round 


Within astragalos border, dia¬ 
demed bust of king to r. 

W. 246. 

S. 1*3. 


Zeus standing to front, holds 
thunderbolt in r. hand, and in 1. 
hand a long sceptre which rests 
on the ground. 

R. BAXIAEjQlX 
Below, AIKAIOY 
L. HAIOKAEOYX 
L. M. 27 A. 


PL III. 



38 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

134 1 

As on No. 133. 

W. 258. 

8 . 1*4. 

As on No. 133. 

G. B. 

133 

¥. 59. 

8 . *8. 

3? 

As on No. 133; no monogram, 
but below AIKAIOY the letters 

nr. 

PI. 1IL 

M 

Barbarous imitations of the above in copper 

136 

As on No. 133 ; barbarous 
design. 

W. 225. 

S. 1*15. 

As on No. 133, but Greek words 
blundered. 

G. B. 

137 

W. 230. 

8 . 1*15. 

33 

33 

138 

W. 210. 

8 . 1*2. 

33 

As on No. 136, but instead of 
Zeus, a horse walking to 1. 

G. B. 

139 

W. 212. 

8 . 1*05. 

33 

PL III. 

140 

As on No. 136, but smaller size. 

35 


W, 55. 

8 . *75. 



141 

142 

W. 52-60. 
8. *7. 

35 

PL III. 

143 

144 

W. 55. 
a *7. 

33 

33 * 

G. B. 


1 A barbarous imitation of No. 133. 



HELIOKLES 


29 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


M 

145 


(B) Coins of the Indian standard 
(£) Type: similar to (a), but different in style; silver, round 


Diademed bust of king to r.; 
above, BAZIAEX1Z AIKAIOY, 
below, HAiOKAEOYZ. 

¥. 33. 

S. *6. 


Zeus standing to front holding 
a thunderbolt in r. hand, and a 
long sceptre which rests on the 
ground in 1. hand. 

Kharosthi legend: 

Above, Maharajasa dhramihasa. 

Below, Ileliyakreasa. 

R. M. 29. 


W. 32. 

S. -6. 


As on No. 145; in 1. field, Z; 
in r. probably monogram, but 
rubbed. 

G. B. 


147 


M 

148 


W. 35. 


As on No. 145, but king’s name 
written Heliyahreyasa. 

R. M. 28. 

G. B. PL III. 


(y) Type: bust of king and elephant; copper, square 


Diademed bust of king to r. 
L. BAZIAEnZ 
Above, AIKAIOY 

R. HAIOKAEOYZ 

W. 128. 

S. *8. 


Elephant standing to 1. 

Kh. legend : 

R. Maharajasa. 

Above, dhramihasa. 

L. Heliyahreyasa . 

In ex. indistinct monogram. 

G. B. PL III. 


149 


(S) Type: elephant and bull ; copper, square 


Elephant walking to r .; Greek 
legend as on No. 148. 

W. 138. 

S. *85. 


Unrepresented types: 

(i) Helmeted bust to r. 
Cunningham, PI. VI. 9. 
Tetradrachm and drachm in B. M. 

(ii) As type (£), but helmeted bust 
to 1. thrusting javelin. 
Hemidrachm size only. B. M. 

(iii) As type (8), but elephant to 1. 
Unpublished. B. M. 


Indian humped bull standing 
to r. Kharosthi legend as on 
No. 148, but king’s name spelt 
Heliyahreasa. 

In ex. M. 19 and Z. 

G. B. Pl. III. 


Enthroned Zeus Nikephoros. 



80 


GREEK KINGS OF BAOTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


LYSIAS 

King of the N.W. Frontier 


M 

150 


(a) Type: bust of king wearing elephant's scalp and Eeraldes; 


silver , 

Diademed bust of king to r., 
wearing elephant’s scalp; above, 
BAZIAEX1Z AN1KHT0Y; below, 
AYZIOY. 

W. 37. 

S. *65. 


round 

Naked Herakles standing to 
front, holding club, lion’s skin, 
and palm in his 1. hand, and 
crowning himself with his r. 

Kh. legend, above, Mahara/jayp 
apadihatasa ; below, Lisiasa. 

L. M. 30. 

PL III. 


151 


W. 36. 


As on No. 150, but name spelt 
Lisikasa ; monograms, 1. M. 31; 
r. Z. 

G. B. 


152 


W. 34. 


99 


153 


99 

W. 36. 


As on No. 150 ; to 1. M. 32. 
G. B. 


154 


(/?) As type (a), but helmeted bust; silver, round 

Diademed bust of king to r., Exactly as on No. 151. 
wearing helmet adorned with ear G. B. PI. III. 

and horn of bull; Greek legend 
as on No. 150. 

W. 35. 


155 


W. 36. 


Exactly as on No. 153. 
G. B. 



LYSIAS 


31 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Beverse 

A 

(y) As type (a), but king wears hausia; silver, round 

156 1 

Diademed bust of king to r., 
wearing low, flat kausia ; Greek 
legend as on No. 150. 

W. 36*5. 

Exactly as on No. 151. 

PL III. 

M 

(8) Type: bust of Eeraides and elephant; copper, square 

157 

Bust of Heraldes, bareheaded, 

Elephant to r.; Kh. legend on 

158 

to r., with lion’s skin knotted 
round neck, 2 and club over 1. 
shoulder ; Greek legend on three 
sides: 

L. BAZSAEnr 

Top, ANSKHTOY 

E. LYSIOY 

W. 122. 

8. *75. 

three sides: 

E. Maharajasa. 

Top, apadihatasa. 

L. LisiJcasa. 

In ex. M. 31 and Z. 

G. B. Pi. III. 

159 

3 3 

W. 125. 

S. *8. 

33 

100 

W. 123. 

S. *75. 

As on No. 157, but king’s name 
spelt Zisiasa, 

G. B. 

161 

W. 126. 

S. *8. 

33 

102 

W. 120. 

S. -8. 

As on No. 160, but to 1. in ex. 
M. 27. 

G. B. 

103 


As on No. 160, but to 1. over 

164 

W. 122. 

S. *8. 

the elephant M. 30. 


3 One of two known specimens. The other is in the British Museum. 
2 This is well shown on No. 162. 



32 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

JE 

165 

As on No. 157. 

W. 120. 

S B -75. 

As on No. 157, but to 1. in ex. 
M. 34. 

166 

W. 124. 

a * 75 . 

As on No. 157, but worn. 


Unrepresented types : 

(i) As type (a), but bust of king diademed only. 

B. M.CaL, PL VIII. 5. 

(ii) As type (a), but bust of king to 1. lielmeted and thrusting javelin. 
Unpublished. B. M. 

(hi) As type (5), but round. 

B.M. Cat, PI. VIII. 8. M. 

(iv) Copper coin in joint names of Lysias and Antialkidas. 

B. M. Cat, PI. XXXI. 2. 


ANTIALKIDAS 


King of the N.W. Frontier and Taxila 

M 

(a) Type: king wearing flat Icausia, and enthroned Zens 
Nikephoros ; silver, round 

167 

Diademed bust of king to r., , 
wearing flat kausia; Greek legend, 
above, BA2IAEHX N!KHd>0 
POY; below, ANTIAAKIAOY. 

W. 35. 

S. *65. 

Zeus seated 1. on throne; in 1. 
hand long sceptre, which rests 
over 1. shoulder; on outstretched 
r. hand he bears Nike, holding 
palm, but her wreath has just 
been snatched away from her by 
an elephant retiring to 1. in 1. 
field; in r. field M. 30. 

Kharosthi legend, above, Maha - 
rajasa jayadharasa ; below, Am- 
tialikitasa. 

G. B. 

168 

W. 37. 
a *7. 

As on No. 167, but elephant is 
just raising its trunk for the 
wreath which Nike is still holding 
out. 

G. B. 

168-171 

W. 36. 

pi. hi. 



ANTIALKIDAS 


33 


Metal 

No. 


M 

172 1 


Obverse 


As on No. 167, but instead 
BAIIAEnS is BACIAEGJC. 

W. 34. 


of 


Reverse 


As on No. 168; 
M. 35* 

G. B. 


in r. field 
PL III. 


173 


As on No. 167. 


As on No. 168; same monogram. 


W. 35. 


174 

175 W. 34-37. 
8 . *65. 


As on No. 167; under throne 
M. 34. 


176 

177 


W. 37. 


G. B. 


W. 35. 

8 . *7. 


As on No. 174, but M. 28. 
G. B. 


179-183 


184 


W. 33-37. 

8 . *65. 


((3) Type: as (a ), but king 


Diademed bust of king to r., 
wearing crested helmet. Greek 
legend as on No. 167. 

W. 35. 

S. -75. 


is helmeted; silver, round 

As on No. 167, -with same Kh. 
legend, but elephant with bell 
round its neck is advancing to r. 
to take the wreath from Nike; 
under throne M. 32. 


185 


W. 36. 


5? 

G. B. 


186 


W. 39. 
8 . *65. 


As on No. 184, but elephant 
facing and reaching up its trunk; 
in r. field M. 30. 


i The late forms of the letters S and fl are remarkable occurring so early. They are 
also found on the extremely rare elephant type of the copper coins of Antialkidas—see No. 212, 
I do not know of any other examples in this series prior to the well-known copper coins 
of Nikias. The monogram is also unusual. 



34 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

187 

As on No. 186. 

W. 39. 

As on No. 186. 

G. B. 

188 

W. 36. 

8 . *7. 


189 

j? 

¥. 35. 

As on No. 184, but elephant is 
retiring to 1.; Nike still bolds 
wreath; in r. field M. 30. 

PL III. 

r 


(y) Type: as (a), but king diademed only; silver, round 

100 

191 

Diademed bust of king to r.; 
Greek legend as on No. 167. 

W. 37-34. 

8 . *7. 

Exactly as on No. 184, with 
same legend and monogram. 

G. B. 

192 

W- 36. 

8 . *6. 

As on No. 190, but elephant is 
retiring to 1., and has just cap¬ 
tured wreath; under throne M. 34. 

PL III. 

M 

(5) Type: Zeus and piloi and palms of Dioskouroi; 
copper, round 

193 1 

Undraped bust of Zeus to r., 
hurling thunderbolt with r. band; 
Greek legend, above, BASIAEHZ 
NIKHcbOPOY; below, ANTSAA 
KSAOY. 

W. 115. 

S. 1. 

Laureated piloi, and palms of 
the Dioskouroi; Kh. legend, above, 
Maharajasa jayadharasa ; below, 
AmtialiJdtasa. 

To r. in ex. M. 32. 

G. B. PL IY. 

194 

W. 51. 

S. *9. 



1 The round copper corns of Antialkidas are uncommon, and those of Lysias extremely 
rare. I only know of three specimens of the lattei*, two in the British Museum, and one in 
the Indian Museum. It is to be noted that these round issues all bear the same monogram, 
M, 32. They are probably earlier than the square coins. 



ANTIALKIDAS 


35 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

105 

As on No. 193. 


As on No. 193. 


¥. 60. 

8. *85. 



196 

¥. 45. 

8. *9. 


As on No. 193, but monogram 
to 1. 


(e) Type: as (5), but square shape 

197 

• 

Bust of Zeus to r., bareheaded; 
thunderbolt over 1. shoulder. 

Greek legend, 1. BAZIAEjQZ ; 
top, NIKH<DOPOY; r. ANT!AA 
KSAOY. 

W. 133. 

8. *7. 

Piloi and palms of the Dios- 
kouroi. Kharoisthi legend, r. 
Maharajasa; top, jayadhcvrasa; 1. 
Amtialikitasa . 

In ex. M. 31 and Z. 

PL IV. 

108-204 

j? 

W. 120-130. 

8. *7. 


As on No. 197; same mono¬ 
grams. 

205 

206 

33 

W. 122-131. 

S. -7. 


31 

G. B. 

207 

W. 125. 

S. -7. 


As on No. 197; in ex. to 1. 
M. 34. 

G. B. 

208-210 

W. 118. 


As on No. 207. 

211 

As on No. 197, but Zeus is 
about to hurl thunderbolt ■With 
his r. hand. 

As on No. 197; in ex. to L 
M. 30. 

Pl. IY. 


W. 117. 

8. *7. 





36 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


M 

212 


(f) ^W e: bust of king and elephant; copper, square 


Diademed bust of king to r.; 
Greek legend as on No. 197, but 
E instead of Z. 

Cp. B. M. Cat., Supplement, 


Elephant standing to r., holding 
wreath in its upraised trunk; 
Kk. legend as on No. 197; to r. 
in front of elephant M. 36. 


p. 166. 


G. B. 


PI IV. 


W. 110. 
8 . -75. 


Unrepresented types: 

(i) Like type ( 7 ), but a tetradraehm 
of the Attic standard with Gk. 
legend only. 

B. M. Cat, PI. VII. 9. 

(ii) Diademed bust to r.; usual bi¬ 
lingual legends. B. M. 

A didrachm of the Indian stan¬ 
dard, cf. White King, Sale Cata¬ 
logue, Part I, No. 50. These 
are the only two known speci¬ 
mens, but the coin is much 
forged. 

(iii) As (ii), but a didrachm with 

diademed bust to 1 . thrusting 
javelin. 

Unpublished. 

(iv) As type ( 7 ), but Zeus holds 

wreath and palm in r. hand. 

B. M. Cat, PI. VII. 10. Hemi- 
draehm only. 

(v) As type (a), but a drachm of the 

Attic standard with Gk. legend 
only. 

Cunningham, PI. VIII. 6 . 
Cabinet de Prance. 

It is to be noted that the elephant 
is found in both the advancing 
and retreating positions on all 
three types (a), (£), and ( 7 ). 


Elephant marching to 1. with up¬ 
lifted trunk; Nike on its head, and 
Zeus by its side. 

M. 28. 


M 

213 


DIOMEDES 

(a) Type ; diademed bust of king and Dioskouroi charging; 
silver, round 


Diademed bust of king to r.; 
Greek legend, above, BAZf AEflZ 
SIITHPOS; below, AIOMHAOY. 

W. 148. 

8 . 1 . 


Mounted Dioskouroi with palms 
and lances charging to r. as on 
No. 61; Kh. legend, above, Ma- 
harafam tratarasa ; below, JDiyu- 
metasa. 

In r. field M, 37. 

G. B. PL IV. 



DIOMEDES 


37 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

A 

214 

As on No. 213. 

W. 34. 

S. -65. 

As on No. 213, but in r. lower 
field M. 38. 

G. B. PI. IV. 


(/?) .4s type (a), but helmeted bust; silver, round 

215 

Diademed bust of ting to r., 
wearing crested helmet. Greek 
legend as on No. 213. 

As on No. 213, but in r. lower 
field M. 38. 

G. B. PI. IV. 


! W. 33. 

S. -65. 



(y) Type : diademed bust of king and Dioshouroi standing ; 

; silver, round 

216 

As on No. 213. 

W. 33. 

8 . *65. 

Dioskouroi standing facing, 
holding long spears which rest 
on the ground. Kh. legend as on 
No. 213. 

L. M. 38. 


! 

(5) As type (y), helmeted bust; silver, round 

217 

As on No. 215. 

! W. 35. 

8 . *65. 

As on No. 216. 

G. B. 

A 

(e) Type: standing Dioshouroi and bull ; copper, square 

218 

Dioskouroi standing as on No. 
216; Greek legend,!. BA£IAE.Q£; 
top, SniHPOZ; r. ASOMHAOY. 

1 W. 120. 

8. *8. 

Humped bull r. Kh. legend, 
r. Maharajasa ; top, tratarasa ; 1 . 
Diyumedasa. 

In ex. £ and M. 39. 

G, B. 

210 

W. 125. 

S. -8. 

jj 

In ex. £ and M. 39. 

220 

W. 122. 

8 . *8. 

_ 99 

In ex. M. 34. 

G. B. PL IV. 

1536 


JO 



38 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 



221 

As on No. 218* 

As on No. 220. 

222 




¥, 131. 

S. -85 X-75. 


223 

33 

As on No. 220, but monogram 


W. 100. 

S. -7. 

(worn) 

rubbed. 

224 


As on No. 220, but monogram 


W. 110. 

Unrepresented type: 

cut. 

• 


Didrachm of type (a), but bust of king to 1. helmeted and thrusting 
javelin. B. M. 


Unpublished. Unknown in hemidraehm size. 


Both the didraehms of Diomedes are much forged. 


ARCHEBIOS 


(a) Type: diademed bust of king and standing Zeus; 


silver, round 

A 



225 

Diademed bust of king to r. 

Zeus clad in himation, standing 


Greek legend, above, BAZIAEflE 

to front, hurling thunderbolt. In 


A1KAIOY NIKHd>OPOY; below, 

his 1. hand is a long sceptre resting 


APXEBIOY. 

on the ground. Kh. legend, above, 
Maharajasa dhramikasa jayadha - 


W. 36. 

rasa; below, Arhhebiyasa. 

In r. lower field M. 40. 


S. -65. 

226 




W. 35. 

A didracbm of this type is in 
the British Museum. 

G. B. PL IV. 

227 

As on No. 225, but bust larger, 

As on No. 225, but to 1. M. 3, 


the king being of apparently more 

and to r. M. 41, 


mature age. 

W. 32. 

G. B. 



ARCHEBIOS 


39 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 



228 

As on No. 227. 

As on No. 227. 


¥. 36. 

PL IV. 


(/?) -4s (&)t but king thrusting javelin ; silver, round 

228 

As on No. 225, but diademed 

As on No. 227. 


bust of king to L, wearing chain 
armour, and thrusting javelin with 
his r. hand. 

¥. 37. 

S. *7. 

G. B. PI. IV. 


(y) Type : Zeus and palms and piloi of the Dioskouroi; 

JE 

copper, square 

230 

Diademed bust of Zeus to r.; 
long sceptre over 1. shoulder, 

Egg-shaped caps (piloi) and 


palms of the Dioskouroi; Kh. 


1 Greek legend on three sides as 

legend on three sides as on 


on No. 225. 

No. 225. 

Monogram in ex. illegible owing 


W. 145. 

to the fact that the piece has been 


a i. 

restruck, probably on a coin of 
Heliokles. 


Cp. B. M . Gat , PI. XXXI 5. 

Unrepresented types : 

(i) As type (a), but helrueted bust 

to r. 

Known also in didrachm size. 

B. M. Cat , PI. IX. 3. 

(ii) As type (/?), but bust is helmeted. 
Known only in didrachm size. 

B. M. Cat , Pl. IX. 4, 

G. B. PI. IV. 


(iii) Victory. 

B. M. Cat, PL IX, 6 . M 

Owl. 


(iv) Elephant. 

B. M. Cat, PL IX. 7. M 

Much forged. 

Owl. 


D 2 



40 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


APOLLODOTOS 

King of N.W. India 

M 

231 

(a) Type : elephant and bull ; silver, round 

Elephant moving to r. ; Greek 
legend running round the coin, 
BAZ1AE.QI ATI0AA0A0T0Y 
ZnTHPOI. 

W. 31. 

8 . *6. 

Humped bull moving to r.; Kh. 
legend running round the coin, 
Maharajasa Apaladatasa 1 trada- 
ram. 

No monogram. 

G. B. PI. IV. 

232 

W. 28. 

S. *6. 

(in poor condition) 


(/?) Type : elephant and bull ; silver, square 

233 

Elephant moving to r.; Greek 
legend, 1. BAZIAEflZ; top, 
j AHOAAOAOTOY ; r. ZflTHPOZ. 
In ex. M. 43. 

Humped bull to r.; Kh. legend, 
r. Maharajasa ; top, Apaladatasa ; 
1. tradarasa. , 

G. B. 


W. 36. 

8 . *6. 


234-239 

As on No. 233 ; same mono¬ 
gram. 

PL IY. 


W. 36-37. 

S. *6—65. 


240-244 

As on No. 233; in ex. M. 3. 

W. 34-36. 

8 . -6-65. 

As on No. 233 ; but fratarasa 
instead of tradarasa . 

In ex. M. 44. 

245 

W. 36. 

8 . *6. 

n 

G. B. 


1 The form Apuludatasa seems as common, on the British Museum coins as Apaladatasa, 
hut I am chary of reading all terminatory turns as the final vowel u —cp. foot-note on 
the coins of Pakores, Section II, 



APOLLODOTOS 


41 


Metal 

Mo. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

246 

247 

As on No. 240; same mono¬ 
gram. 

As on No. 240, but in ex. C. 


W. 37. 

8. -6. 


248 

W. 36. 

8. *6. 

As on No. 240, but in ex. (0. 

249 

260 

* 

As on No. 233; in ex. M. 45. 

W. 33-35. 

8. *65. 

As on No. 233; in ex. M. 45. 

261 

262 

As on No. 233; in ex. M. 46. 

W. 37. 

S. *65. 

As on No. 233 ; in ex. M. 47. 

268 

As on No. 233; in ex. ZE. 

As on No. 233; in ex. NO. 


W. 37. 

8. *7. 



(y) Type : bust of king and Pallas ; silver , round 

254 

Diademed bust of king to r.; 
Greek legend, above, BAZIAEHZ 
ZniHPOS; below, ATTOAAO 
AOTOY. 

W. 37*5. - 
S. *7. 

Pallas 1., with aegis on out¬ 
stretched 1. arm, hurling thunder¬ 
bolt with r. hand. Kh. legend, 
above, Maharajasa tratarasa ; be¬ 
low, Apaladatasa . 

In r. field M. 48. 

G. B. 

255 

W. 37. 


256 

W. 36. 

R. M. 49. 



43 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Meta! 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

257 

As on No. 254. 

W. 35. 

As on No. 256; same mono¬ 
gram. 

G. B. 

258 

W. 37. 

As on No. 254. 

R. M. 50. 

L. Eh. dri. 

G. B. 

259 

W. 35. 

3 3 

260 

W. 36. 

As on No. 258, but no mono¬ 
gram to 1. 

261 

262 

W. 35-36. 

As on No. 258, but in 1. field 
Kh. ram. 

268 

W. 37. 

As on No. 254, but in r. field 
M. 51. 

G. B. PL IV. 


s (S) Type: as (y), but with title <t>I AOTTATXlP ; silver 9 round 

264 

Diademed bust of king to r.; 
Greek legend, above, BAEIAE.QE 
SilTHPOS KAI OIAOFTATO 
POE; below, ATTOAAOAOTOY. 

As on No. 254; in 1. field 
M. 52. 


W. 36. 

S. -7. 


265 

266 

W. 35. 

33 

G. B. 

267-275 

W. 35-37. 

S. *7. 

>3 

276 

W, 36. 

As on No. 264, but in 1. field 
M. 53 ; in r. field Kh. stra. 

G. B. PI. IV. 



APOLLODOTOS 


43 


Metal 

No, 

Obverse 

J Reverse 

M 

277 

As on No. 264, but rude style. 

W. 36. 

8. -7. 

As on No, 264, but in r. field 
M. 54. 

G. B. 

278 

278 

¥. 36. 

3>? 

280-282 ; 

W. 34-35. 

As on No. 277, but in r. field 

M. 48. 

288-291 

W. 32-40. 

As on No. 277, but in r. field 
M. 51. 

292 

V 

W. 37. 

As on No. 283, but name written 
Apalatatasa* 

G. B. PL IV. 

M 

(e) Type : Apollo and tripod, with name of king at top of 
coin; copper, square 

293 

294 

Apollo, laureate, standing fac¬ 
ing ; in r. hand arrow ; in L, bow 
resting on ground. Greek legend, 
1. BASlAEnS; top, AflOAAO 
AOTOY; r.EOTHPOS. 

W. 111-130. 

S. ‘85-1. 

! In dotted square, tripod-lebes, 
Kh. legend, r. Maharajasa ; top, 
Apdladatasa ; 1. tratarasa. 

In r. field M. 10. 

On No. 294 tratarasa is written 
tradarasa. 

i 

295 

298 

W. 130-135. ” 

As on No. 294, but in r. field 
M. 55. 

G. B. 

297-299 

W. 130-140.” 

S. -8-9. 

n 

800 

! In 1. lower field M. 45. 

i 

1 W. 145. 

8. -9, 

As on No. 294, but in r. field 
M 45. 

G. B. 



44 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 


M 

SOI 


Obverse 


As on No. 300. 
W. 130. 


Eeverse 


As on No. 300. 


S02 


As on No. 293, but in 1. lower 
field M. 46. 

W. 150. 

8 . * 9 . 


As on No. 294, but in r. field 

M. 47. 

G. B. 


aos 

304 


}9 

8. -9. 


305 


As on No. 293, but in 1. lower 
field Ef. 

W. 145. 

8 . * 9 . 


As on No. 293, but in 1. field 
M. 56. 

G. B. 


306 


8 . *85. 


As on No. 305, but no mono¬ 
gram. 

G. B. 


307 


As on No. 293. 
S. *9. 


As on No. 294, but in r. field 
M. 57. 

G. B. PI. IY. 


308 


33 

8 . *85. 


33 


809 


53 

S. 1. 


As on No. 294, but in r. field 
M. 58. 

G. B. 


310 

311 


S. 


33 

*9. 


As on No. 293, but in r. field 
M. 58. 


312 


As on No. 293, but in 1. lower 
field M. 35. 


As on No. 293, but in 1. field 
M. 59. 


W. 141. 
8. *85. 



APOLLODOTOS 


45 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

813 

As on No. 

a -9. 

293. 

As on No. 293, but no mono¬ 
gram. 

814 

As on No. 293. 

■W. 126. 

S. -75. 

As on No. 293; monogram in 
r. field, but indistinct. 

815 

W. 102. 

a *8. 

sj 

As on No. 293, but monogram 
indistinct. 

316 

¥. 79. 
a -7. 

jj 

As on No. 293, but no mono¬ 
gram. 

317 

! W. 44. 

a -65. 

}> 

>» 

318 

Two 

specimens 

(C) Type: bull and tripod. 

In beaded square, humped bull 
to r.; no legend or monogram. 

¥. 17. 

S. -5-65. 

no legends; copper^ square 

In beaded square, tripod-lebes; 
no legend or monogram. 

319 

Two 

specimens 

W. 26. 

a -5. 

>? 

37 

320 

Two 

specimens 

W. 28. 

S. -6. 

•n 

3 * 

321 

Three 

specimens 

W. 22. 

a *5. 


G.B 



46 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(v) Type : Apollo and tripocl; copper, round 

322 1 

Apollo standing r., clad in 

Tripod lebes. Kb. legend, 


cblamys and boots, bolding out 

an arrow in both bands; quiver 
at bis back, Greek legend, above, 
BASIAEjQI II1THP0S; below, 
ATTOAAOAOTOY. In 1. field 
M. 50. 

W. 255, 

8. MS. 

above, Maharajasa tratarasa ; be¬ 
low, Ayaladaiasa. 

In r. field Kb. di. 

In I. field Kb. u. 

PL V. 

323-325 

!) 

8. 1-05—1-15. ; 

)i 

G. B. 

326-328 

8. 1-1*2. 

I 

329 

As on No. 322; same mono¬ 
gram. 

W. 235. 

S. 145, 

As on No. 322. 

In r. field Kb. ram. 

In 1. field Kb. di. 

330 

As on No. 322 ; no monogram. 

W. 243. 

8. 1*15. 

As on No. 322. 

In 1. field M. 60. 

PL V. 

831 

As on No. 322, but in 1. field 
M. 51. 

As on No. 322. 

In r. field Kb. a. 

In 1. field Kb, ra. 

332 

8. 145. 

W. 239. 

8. 145. 

G. B. PL V. 

n 


1 Coin No. 322 is common. The varieties exemplified by Nos. 329-332 are very scarce. 



APOLLODOTOS 


47 


Meta! 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(6) Type: as (rj), but different style, coin thick , and dumpy ; 
copper , round 

333 

As on No. 322 ; no monogram. 

W. 2 SO. 

S. -9. 

Cp. I. M. Cat., PI. IV. 7. 

As on No. 322; monograms as 
on No. 329. 


(i) Type: as (rj), but legends in straight lines ; copper, round 

334 

335 

As on No. 322; Greek legend, 

1. BASIAEQS ; top, inTHPOS ; 
r. ATTOAAOAOTOY. 

No monogram. 

W. 255. 

S. *95. 

Tripod-1 ebes. Kb. legend, r. 
Maharajasa ; top, iratarasa ; 1. 
Apaladatasa. 

In r. field Kb. da. 

In 1. field Kb. qi. 

| G. B. 

336-338 

S. *95. 

PL V. 


(k) Type : resembling (e), but name of king to right of coin ; 
copper , square 

339 

Apollo to r. as on No. 322. 
Greek legend, 1. BAZIAEflS ; top, 
SnTHPOS; r.AHOAAO AOTOY. 

W. 251. 

8. *9. 

Tripod-lebes. Kb. legend, r. 
Maharajasa ; top, iratarasa ; 1. 
Apaladatasa. 

In r. field Kb. bu. 

340 

W. 261. 

8. 1. 

As on No. 339 ; monogram to 
r. indistinct ; to 1. Kh. ji . 

341 

W. 215. 

8. *95. 

As on No. 339. 

Monograms illegible. 

342 

W. 229. 

S. *9. 

As on No. 339. 

To r. Kh. ra. 



48 


GREEK KINGS OF BAOTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

<» 

Reverse 

M 

343 

As on No. 339. 

W. 229. 

S. 1. 

As on No. 339. 

To r. Kh. miih. 

To 1. Kh. di. 


344 

>9 

S. -9. 

As on No. 339. 

G. B. 

PI. V. 

345 

J 3 

W. 130. 

S. *75. 

As on No. 339. 

In r. field M. 50. 

In 1. field Kh. dri. 


346 

Two 

specimens 

5> 

S. -7-8. 

As on No. 345. 


347-349 

W. 103-121. ” 

S. *8—85. 

As on No. 345, but monogram 
indistinct. 

350 

W. 88. 

S. *65. 

As on No. 345. 


351 

W. 54. 

S. *65. 

As on No. 345, but monogram 
indistinct. 


(A) Type: similar to (k), but with title <t>l AOTTATDtP; 
copper, square 


352 

Two 

specimens 


Apollo r. as on No. 322, but in 
addition, bow rests upright on the 
ground in front of him. Greek 
legend; on three sides from 1. to 
r., BASIAEnS SHTHPOI KA! 
<t>iA0ITAT0P02; below, A1TOA 
AOAOTOY. 


Tripod-lebes. Kh, legend run¬ 
ning on three sides from r. to 1., 
Maharajasa tratarasa; below, 
Apaladatasa. 

In r. field M. 17. 



APOLLODOTOS 


49 


Metal 

No. 


M 

854 


Obverse 


Reverse 


(ju) Type: variety of (A) ; copper, square 


Within square of beading, 
Apollo with bow and arrow as 
on No. 352. Inscription rubbed 
and illegible, but is the same as 
that on No. 352, and is contained 
on three sides only. Cp. PL IX. 9, 
of Cunningham’s Coins of Alexan¬ 
der’s Successors in the East. 


Tripod - lebes within beaded 
square. On three sides Kh. legend 
as on No. 352. Monogram indis¬ 
tinct. 


¥. 94. 
8 . -75. 


Unrepresented types : 

(i) Didrachm with title MET AAO Y 
B. M. Cat ., PI. X. 1. 

Both known specimens in B. M. 

(ii) As type («), but Apollo to front 


with bow behind his back. 
B.M.Cat, Pi. X. 6. M 

(iii) As type (k), but Apollo seated to 

r. on throne. 

Cunningham, PI. IX. 12. M 

(iv) Apollo. No Greek legend. 

Cunningham, PL IX. 7. M 

(v) As (iv). 

B. M. m 


Royal diadem, (Kh. legend only). 
Tripod (Kh. legend only). 


STRATO I 
M 

355 (a) Type: bust ofUng and Pallas; titles SHTHP AIKAI02 ; 

silver , round 


Diademed bust of king to r. 
Greek legend, above, BAIIAEflZ 
inTHPOZ AIKAIOY ; below, 
nPATjQNOZ. 

W. 130. 

S. 1*05. 

Hemidrachms known with Pal¬ 
las to r. and to front. 

B. M. 


Pallas with thunderbolt to 1. 
as on No. 254. Kh.legend, above, 
Maharajasa tratarasa dhramikasa; 
below, Stratasa. 

In 1. field £. 

G. B. PL V. 



50 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal | 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


(/3) Type; as (a), but with titles ETTi<t>ANHZ ZjQTHP ; 

M 

silver, round 

356 

Diademed bust of king to r. 

As on No. 355, but Kh. legend, 


Greek legend, above, BAZJAEUZ 

above, Mahamjasa pracachasa tra- 


ETTI4>AN0YX XOTHPOS; be- 

tarasa; below, Stratasa. 

In 1. field M. 42. 

G. B. PL V. 


low, ZTPATQNOZ. 

W. 37. i 

S. -65. 

357 

W. 33. 

}? 

358 


As on No. 356, but in r. field 


W. 36. 

i 

Didrachm also known. 

B. M. 

M. 3. 


(y) Type: bust of king helmeted with title ZjQTHP only, but 


with additional epithet dhramikasa (= AIKAIOY) on 


the reverse; silver, round 

359 1 

Diademed bust of king to r., , 

As on No. 355, and with same 


wearing crested helmet. Greek 

Kh. legend. 


legend, above, BA2EIAEHZ Zfl 

In 1. field M. 61. 


THPOI; below, ETPATHNOE. 

W- 37. 

S. *7. 

G. B. PLY. 


(S) Type: diademed bust with title ZjQTHP only ; silver, round 

360 

As on No. 359, but bust of king ; 

As on No. 355. Kh. legend, 


diademed only; style barbarous. 

above, Maharajasa, tratarasa ; be¬ 
low, Stratasa. 


W. 38. 

In r. field Kh. a ; monogram to 


S. -65. 

1. indistinct. 

381 


As on No. 360, but in r. field 


¥. 37. 

M. 62; in. 1. field Kh. sa. 


S. *6. 

PL V. 


1 Note the additional epithet dhramikasa on the Kharosthi side. There are two duplicates 
of this fine coin in the B. M. I know of no other specimens. No didrachm has yet been 
found of this type. 



STRATO I 


51 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

862 

Four 

specimens 

As on No. 360. 

(barbarous) 

W. 21-36. 

S. *55. 

As on No. 360. 


(e) Type: Apollo and tripod with titles ETTIcfcANHZ SflTHP ; 

JE 

C0 PP eT > 

square 

868 

Apollo wearing cblamys and 
boots, facing, with arrow in r. 
hand, and in 1. bow resting 
on the ground. Greek legend 
running from 1. on three sides, 
BAZIAEUZ ETT!«t>ANOYZ Zn 
THPOZ ZTPAT.QNOZ. 

Tripod-lebes in square of dots. 
On three sides running from r., 
Kh. legend as on No. 356. 

In 1. field M. 3. 

G. B. 


W. 140. 

8. *9. 


864 

¥. 135. 

S. *85. 

As on No. 363; in 1. field 
M. 42. 

Pl.V. 

866 

W. 123. 

8. *85 x *75. 

As on No. 363; monogram il¬ 
legible. 


(^) Type : Her aides and Hike with title ZflTHP ; copper, square 

866 

Diademed bust of Herakles to r., 
with club over 1. shoulder. Greek 
legend on three sides, BAZIAEHZ 
ZnTHPOI ZTPATflNOZ. 

W. 125. 

S. *75. 

Winged Nike standing to r., 
with wreath in outstretched r. 
hand, and holding palm over 1. 
shoulder. Kh. legend on three 
sides, Maharajasa tratarasa Stra- 
tasa . 

R., monogram similar to M. 62. 
G. B. 

86 7 

>> 

S. -75. 

As on No. 366, but r. M. 28. 

G. B. Pl. V. 

868 

869 

S. -8 x-7. 

» 



52 


GREEK KINGS OF RACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


Unrepresented types: 

(i) As type (a), but Pallas to front. 

Didrachm and hemidrachm in 
B.M. 

(ii) As type (a), but king is bearded. 

B. M. Didrachm. 

(iii) As type (a), but helmeted 

bust, and titles written thus 

inTHPOIKAi AIKAiOY 

B. M. Didrachm. 

(iv) As type (£), but helmeted bust. 

B.M. Cat., PI. X 10. Didrachm. 

(v) As type ( 7 ), but without addi¬ 

tional epithet dhramikasa. 

B.M. Cat, PL X. 12. 

(vi) Bust to r. with legend as on Quiver with straps. 

type (0). 

B.M. Cat., PL XI. 2. M 

Three specimens in B. M. 

(vii) Square copper coin with legends 

as on type (a). 

Herakles. jfthe 

B.M. Cat, PL XI. 5. 


M 

370 


STRATO with AGATHOKLEIA 

( a ) Type: bust of queen, ccnd Herakles / copper, square 


Bust of queen to r. without 
diadem, but helmeted. Greek 
legend as usual on three sides, 
BAl.lAlI.m2. 8E0TP0TT0Y 
Af A0OKAE1AS. 

W. 125. 

S. *8. 


Naked Herakles sitting to 1. on 
a rock with club on his knee, as 
depicted on No. 8. Kh. legend on 
three sides, Mctharajasa tratarasa 
dhramikasa Stratasa. 

In L field M. 61. 

G. B. PL V, 


Unrepresented types: 

(i) BAZiAEjQZ SX1THP0E 
ITPATX1N0Z KAI 
AT A0OKAE1AZ 

Conjugate busts of Strato and 
Agatholdeia to r. 


Maharajasa tratarasa dhramikasa Stra¬ 
tasa. 


Pallas to 1. 
M. 27 A. 


This remarkable didrachm is in the B. M., and I know of no other genuine 
specimen. The coin is much forged. 



STRATO with AGATHOKLEIA 


S3 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 


(ii) Gk. legend as on type (a). 
Diademed bust of queen to r. 

Coin I. M. Cat, vol. i, PI. IY. 11, 
is apparently a poor duplicate 
of this fine hemidrachm. 


Reverse 


Kh. legend as on type (a). 

Male figure with shield and spear 
walking to r. 

Tor. M. 27A. B. M. 


These unrepresented types of Strato, and of Strato and Agathokleia, are 
discussed and illustrated in Professor E. J. Rapson’s ‘Coins of the Craeco- 
Indian Sovereigns, Agathoeleia, Strato I Soter, and Strato II Philopator \ 
Corolla Numismatica, Oxford, 1906. 


POLYXENOS 


M 
371 1 


(a) Type: bust of king, and Pallas, ivith titles ETTI d>ANH!£ 
SnTHP ; silver, round 


Diademed bust of king to r. 
Greek legend, above, BAZIAE0X 
ETTI4>ANOYZ EX1THP0Z; be¬ 
low, TfOAYZEMOY. 

W. 37. 

S. -65. 


Pallas to . as on No. 356. Kh. 
legend above, Maharajasa . . . .; 
below, Palasinasa . 

In 1. field M. 3. 

G. B. PI. V. 


M 

372 


(j8) Type: helmeted bust of king, and aegis; copper, square 


Diademed bust of king to r., 
wearing crested helmet. Greek 
legend running round three sides 
from 1. to r., BAEIAEjQZ ETTI 
cDAI^OYZ ZOTHPOZ TIOAY 
ZENOY. 


Aegis radiate with Gorgon’s 
head. Kh. legend round three 
sides from r. to 1., Maharajasa 
pracachasa tratarasa Palismasa. 
In ex. M. 42. 

G. B. PL V. 


S. *85. 


Unrepresented types: None. 


* This remarkable coin belonged to Mr. Bleazby, and was formerly in the White King 
Collection. It and No. 872 (a copper coin) are the only testimony to the existence of 
a king named Polyxenos. The silver coin came to light about sixteen years ago, but its 
authenticity was doubted by Professor E. J. Rapson—see p. 6 of Mr. Yincent Smith’s Intro¬ 
duction to Yol. I of the I. M. Gat In my opinion it is a genuine coin. The copper coin was 
discovered after the hemidrachm, and was also once in the White King Collection. 8*tfc 
coins are still unique, though I have seen one or two easts of the hemidrachm. I have net 

E 


1535 



54 GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 



MENANDER 



King of N.W. India 

M 

(a) Type: diademed bust of king, and Pallas to left; 
silver, round 

373 

Diademed bust of king to r. 
Greek legend, above, BAZIAEflZ 
ZQTHP02E; below, MEN ANA 
POY. 

W. 140. 

8. 1. 

Pallas to L as on No. 254. Kh. 
legend, above, Mahamjasa trata- 
rasa ; below, Menadrasa. 

In r. field M. 32. 

In 1. field Z. 

374-377 

W. 140-145. ” 

S. 1. 


As on No. 373; same mono¬ 
grams. 

G. B. H. VI. 

378 

55 

S. 1. 


As on No. 373, but monograms: 
In r. field M. 32. 

In 1. field M. 63. 


( 0 ) Type: hdmeted bust of king, and Pallas to left; 
silver, round 

370 

Diademed bust of king to r., 
wearing a crested helmet. Greek 
legend as on No. 373. 

As on No. 373; same mono¬ 
grams, 

PL VI. 


W. 135. 

S. 1. 



380 

W. 125, 

S. 1. 


G.B. 

381 

E. 1. 


As on No. 379, but monogram 
in 1. field M. 63. 


yet come across any reproductions of the copper piece. The hemidraehm helps us to place this 
new ruler. It is very similar to a common issue of Strato I. The copper coin is different 
the reverse design being like that on the copper coins of Antimachos Nikephoros. But the 
titles ETII <l> A N H Z ZflTHP, exhibited by the silver hemidrachm, are again used. Both 
Mins bear monograms often found on the coins of Strato. I should be inclined to consider 
Polyxenos a close relation, and the successor of Strato, in all, or part of the latter king’s 
dominions. His reign can have had only a brief duration. 




MENANDER 


55 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


(y) Type : diademed bust of king thrusting javelin, and Pallas 

M 

to left ; silver , round 

382 

Diademed bust of king to 1. 

As on No, 373, but in r. field 


thrusting javelin with r. hand. 

M. 15. 


Greek legend as on No. 373. 

W. 140, 

8. 1. 

Cp. No. 229. 

G. B. PI. VI. 


(a 2 ) Type: as (a), but small size; silver, round 

asa-asa 

As on No, 373. 

W. 34-36. 

S. -65-7 

As on No. 373; in r. field M. 32. 

S87 

j? 



8. *65. 

G. B. 

388 

pi 

As on No. 383, but M. 32 in 1. 


W. 38. 

S. *65. 

field. 

888 


As on No. 388, but additional 


W. 37. 

8. *65. 

letter T in r. field. 

890 


As on No. 388, but in r. field 


S. *65. 

additional letter E. 

891 


As on No. 373, but in r. field 


S. *7. 

M. 64. 

G. B. 

892 


As on No. 373, but in r. field 

898 

8. -65. 

M. 65. 

394 

SJ 

As on No. 373, but in 1. field 

395 

8. *65. 

M. 66. 


32 2 



56 


GREEK KINGS OF BAOIRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 


As on No. 373, but in r. field 

M. 67. 

G. B. 

396 

397-400 

As on No. 373. 

S.-75. 

W. 31-36. 

S. -65-75. 

401 

5} 

W. 38. 

8.-65, 

As on No. 373, but in r. field 

M. 34. 

402-406 

W. 37-38. 

S. -65-7. 

As on No. 373, but in r. field 
M. 24. 

Pl. YI. 

407-413 

W. 32-38. 

S. -65. 

As on No. 373, but in 1. field 
M. 68. 

414 

j? 

W. 35. 

8. -7. 

As on No. 373, but in r. field 
M. 69. 

415 

8 . *7. 

As on No. 373, but in 1. field 
M. 63. 

G. B. 


{/3 X ) Type: as (jS), but small size; silver, round 

As on No. 379, but in r. field 
M. 34. 


G, B. 


As on No. 379, but in r. field 
M. 30. 


418-421 


422 


423-430 


As on No. 379. 

W. 35-37. 

S. *65—7. 


8. *65. 


W. 34-38. 
8. *65—7. 



MENANDER 


57 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 



481 

As on No. 379. 

As on No. 423. 



G. B. 


S. -7. 


432 

jy 

As on No. 379, but in r. field 

438 

S. -7. 

M. 65. 



PL VI. 

484 

53 

33 


8. -7. 

G. B. 

435 

33 

! As on No. 379, but in r. field 


8. -65. 

M. 32. 



G.B. 

486-448 


As on No. 379, but in r. field 


W. 33-38. 

M. 15. 


S. *65-75. 



(Ti) Type : as (y), smaK size ; silver, round 

444-446 

As on No. 382. 

As on No. 382, but in r. field 



M. 69. 


W. 34-42. 



8. -7-75. 


i 

447 

3? 

53 


S.-75. 

G. B. 

448-452 | 

33 

As on No. 382, but in r. field 


W. 33-38. 

M. 27. 


8. *65. 


453 

33 

j? 


8. *7. 

G. B. 

454-458 

33 

As on No. 382, but in r. field 


W. 34-36. 

M. 24. 


8. *65. 

PI. VI. 



58 

GEEEK KINGS OF 

BACTEIA AND INDIA 

Metal 

No. 

Obverse 


Reverse 

M 

459 

As on No. 382. 

S. *7. 


As on No. 454. 

G. B. 

460 

461 

a 

S. *7. 


As on No. 382, but in r. field 
M. 70. 


(5) Type: as (y), Pallas to right; silver , round 

462-469 

As on No. 382. 

W. 35-37. 

S. -65-75. 


As on No. 382, but Pallas stand¬ 
ing and hurling bolt to r. In 

1. field M. 15. 

470 

471 

S. -65. 


As on No 462, but in 1. field 
M. 27. 

Pi. YI. 


(e) Type: variety of (y), Pallas to right; diver, round 

472-474 

As on No. 382, but 
legend runs continuously 
the coin. 

S. -65. 

Greek 

round 

As on No. 462, but Kh. legend 
runs continuously round the coin,. 
In 1. field M. 24. 

PI. VI. 

475 

476 

J3 

a -7. 


As on No. 472, but in 1. field 
M. 70. 

477 

478 

W. 36-37. 
a *65-7. 


As on No. 472, but in 1. field 
M. 27. 


(0 Type: as (y),but bust of king hekneted; silver, wand 

479 

As on No, 382, but king is 
wearing a crested helmet. 

A very rare type. 

As on No. 382, but in r. field. 
M. 27. 

G. B. PI. VI. 


W. 35. 

a *6. 






MENANDER 


59 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(rj) Type : Pallas and owl ; silver , round 

480 

Bust of Pallas to r., helmeted. 

! Greek legend reading continuously 

Owl walking to r., with head 
facing. Continuous Kb. legend 



round coin, as on No. 373. 

as on No. 373. 


Very scarce. 

W. 32. 

8. -65. 

G. B. PL VX. 


(6) Type: bust of Icing, and asyncretic winged figure, 


with title AIK AIOS; silver, round 

481 1 

BAZIAEnS AIKAIOY 

Maharajasa dhramikasa Mena- 


MENANAPOY 

drasa. 


Diademed bust of king to r. 

Winged figure walking to r,, 


Unique. 

bearing -wreath and palm. 

To r. M. 71. 


W. 37. 

S. -7. 

PL VX. 


( i) Type : Pallas and Nike ; copper, square 

XU 

482 

BAZIAE ClZ ZUTHPOZ 

Winged Nike standing to r., 


MENANAPOY 

with palm and wreath. 


Helmeted bust of Pallas to r. 

Maharajasa tratarasa Mena- 
drasa. 


W. 240. 

To r. M. 34. 


S. *9. 

i 

G. B. PI. VI. 

483 



484 

S. -9. 



1 One or two extremely rare copper coins of Menander of the panther type—see No. 515—are 
known on which the king is entitled A S K AI OS. Two silver AI K A1 OS coins were in 
the White King Collection, Sale Catalogue, Part X, Nos. 964 and 965. This specimen has come 
from it to the Lahore Museum via the Bleazby Cabinet. The second coin was of a different 
type, the bust of the king on the obverse side being helmeted, and the reverse design is that 
of a mounted horseman* There are two silver A1KAlOS coins in the British Museum 
of a third type, the reverse design being the conventional figure of Nike. On all four silver 
coins the bust is that of an aged man, so it would appear that towards the end of his long 
reign the title of Menander on the coinage was altered from SX1THP to AIK AiOS. 

Attention is drawn to the reverse design of this coin as conceived by the oriental Greek 
die-cutter. The figure is winged, and bears a wreath and palm, so must be meant for Nike. 
But, on the other hand, the deity is dressed like Artemis, and wears the cap peculiar to the 
Dioskouroi. The head is surrounded by what looks like a halo, but is more probably intended 
to represent a veil floating round the head—compare the figure of Artemis on a copper coin of 
Maues, B. M, Cat, PL XVI. 4. 




66 GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

JS 

485 

480 

As on No. 482. 

S» *9. 

As on No. 482, but to r. M. 68. 

487 

W. 140. 
S„ *85. 

3? 

As on No. 482. 

G. Be 

488 

489 

W. 70. 

S. -75. 

33 

As on No. 482, but to r. M. 70. 

G. B. PL VI. 

490 

’ S. *8. 

33 

As on No. 482, but to r. M. 72. 

491-483 

W. 120. 

S. *7. 

33 

As on No. 490. 

494 

S. *7. 

33 

33 

G. B. 


495 1 


(k) Type: buckler with 

BAZIAEGZ ZjCITHPOZ 
MENANAPOY 

Helmeted bust of king to r. 

vr. 130. 

S. -85. 


Gorgon’s head ; copper, square 

Buckler with Gorgon’s head. 
Maharajasa tratarasa Mena- 
drasa. 

In ex. M. 34. 

G. B. 


496 

497 


S. -85. 


As on No. 495; in ex. M. 70. 
G- B. PI. VI. 


498 

499 


S. -85. 


As on No. 495; monogram 
deleted. 


__ i Vln0enfc in this ^ prefers to consider the design on the buokler an 

ex-head—see remark on Coin 83, p. 26 of/. M. Cat., vol. i. 



MENANDER 


61 


Meta! 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


M 

500 

501 


502 


503 


504 


505 


500 


(A) Type: bull's head and tripod ; copper , square 

JEnTHPOZ 


BAZIAEnS 

MENANAPOY 

Bull’s head. 

To r. A. 

W. 316. 

S. -95. 


S. *95. 


Tripod-lebes. 

Maharajasa tratarasa Mena - 
drasa. 

To r. M. 34. 

To 1. Kh. ma. 

G. B. 


PL VI. 


(n) Type: bust of king with javelin and Pallas; copper 9 square 


Diademed bust of king to 1. 
holding poised javelin. 

Above BASIAEHZ 
To r. SnTHPOI 
Below MENANAPOY 

W. 140. 

S. *8. 


S. *8. 


S, *8. 


Maharajasa tratarasa Mena - 
drasa. 

Pallas to r. with aegis and 
thunderbolt. 

To r. M. 15. 

G. B. PL VI. 


As on No. 503; to r. M. 72. 


(?) Type: helmeted bust of king and Pallas; copper, square 


As on No. 495. 

W. 82. 

B. *75. 


Maharajasa tratarasa Mena - 
drasa. 

Pallas with aegis and thunder¬ 
bolt to L 
To L M. 27. 

G. B. 


PL VI. 



62 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 



Obverse Reverse 


(£) Type: elephants head and club; copper, square 

BAZIAEX1Z SjQTHPOS Club of Herakles. 

MENANAPOY Maharajasa tratarasa Mena- 

Eleph ant’s head with bell round drasa. 
neck. To r. A. 

To L M. 34. 

W. 38. G. B. 

8 . - 6 . 


” 


As on No. 507, but no mono¬ 
gram to 1. 


As on No. 507; in ex. A. As on No. 507, but to r. Kh. 

san. 

G. B. 


PI. VX. 

As on No. 507. As on No. 507. 

To r. M, 15. 

To ]. A. 


(o) Type : figure of king ivith title AIKAIOZ, and panther; 
copper, square 

BAZIAEI2Z A!KAIOY Panther or lion to 1. 
MENANAPOY Maharajjasa dhramiJcasa Mena - 

Figure of king to r, in full drasa. 
war panoply. G. B. PL VI. 

W. 130. 

8. *9. 


1 There is a good specimen of this coin in the British Museum Collection, but on that the 
panther is turned to the right. Another type of panther A1 K A J O Z copper coin has Pallas 
on the obverse—see Cunningham’s Coins of Alexander 1 s Successors in the East, PI. XII. 14. This 
coin is also in the British Museum. 





MENANDER 


63 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


! Unrepresented types: 

(!) Hemidraehm with title AI 
KAIOS as type ($), but 
helmeted bust, and mounted 
horseman. 

White King, Sale Cat. , PI. X. 964. 
(ii) As (i), but instead of mounted 
horseman is a conventional 
figure of Nike. 

Unpublished. B. M. 

(iii) As type (t), but on reverse a 

prancing horse. 

Cunningham, PI. XII. 1. 

(iv) As type (i), but Nike to 1. 
B.M.Cat PI. XII. 1. 

(v) Variety of type (ic). 

B. M. Cat, PI. XII. 8. 

In the B. M. is a coin with 
obverse of type («), and re¬ 
verse of type (v). 

(vi) As type (t), but owl on reverse. 
B. M. Cat, PL XII. 4. 

(vii) Wheel. 

B, M. Cat , PL XII. 7. 

Still unique. 

(viii) As type (o), but on obverse is 
figure of Pallas with shield at 
her feet. 

Cunningham, PI. XII. 14. 

(ix) As type (p), but on reverse 

figure of Nike to r., and Kh. 
legend arranged as type (*). 
Really a mixture of types (p) 
and (t). B. M. 

(x) As on type (#), but bust dia¬ 

demed only. B. M. 

Unpublished. Unique. 

(xi) As type (o), but panther to r. 

B. M. 

(xii) Elephant. 

B. M. Cat ., PI. XXXI. 11. Now 
in B. M. 

(xiii) Boar's head. 

B. M. Cat., Pl. XXXI. 12. Now 
in B. M. 

(xiv) Bactrian camel. 

B. M. Cat. } PL XXXI. 10. Original 
in Indian Museum—I. M. Cat. 
vol. i, Pl. V. H. 

Still unique, but much forged. 

(xv) Bust to r. 

B.M.Cat PL XXXI. 9. Also 
illustrated in Cunningham, 
and in Wilson’s Ariana Anti¬ 
gua. The original is lost, and 
I do not think any other 
genuine specimen exists. I 
have seen many forgeries all 
struck from the same dies. 
Several of the very rare types 
of Menander copper coin, 
e.g. type (xiii), are regularly 
forged. 


Palm branch. 


Lion’s skin of Hera kies. 
M. 70. 


Ankus. 


Palm branch. 


Ox-head. 


3>olphin. 



64 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


EPANDER 

JR, 

(a) Type: bust of king and Fallas; silver, round 

510 

BAZIAEilZ NS KHcDOPOY 
ETIANAPOY 

Diademed bust of king to r. 

W. 34. 

a . 7 . 

3fahamjasa jayadharasa Epa- 
drasa. 

Pallas to 1. with aegis and 
thunderbolt. 

To r. M. 73. 

G. B. PI. VI, 

JE 

(/3) Type; Nike and bull ; copper, square 

517 

On three sides, inscription as on 
No. 516. 

Winged Nike to r. with palm 
and wreath. 

W. 150. 

a -9. 

On three sides, inscription as 
on No. 516. 

Humped bull to r. 

In ex. M. 73 and M. 3. 

G. B. PL VI. 

518 

a *9. 

i 

a 

51© 

i 

i 

n 

a -9. 

Unrepresented types: None. 

As on No. 517, but to r. M, 73 

only. 

G. B. 


DIONYSIOS 


(a) Type: Apollo and tripod; copper, square 

520 

BAZSAEflZ ZHTHPOZ 
A10NYZ10Y 

Apollo to r. holding arrow in 
both hands. 

Extremely rare. 

W. 240. 
a -85. 

Mdkarajasa tratarasa Diyani- 
siyasa. 

Tripod-lebes. 

To r. M. 45 CKh. Si). 

To 1. Kh.yL 

G. B. PL VII. 



DIONYSIOS 


65 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(ft) Type : Apollo and diadem ; copper , square 

521 

Apollo in incuse square as on 
No. 520, but no legend. 

W. 40. 

8 . -5. 

Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 520. 

Royal diadem. 

G. B. PI. VIL 

The name of the king is almost 
off the coin, so this may possibly 
be a coin of Apollodotos of whom 
the type is also known. 


Unrepresented types : 



(i) The silver hemidrachm. 

B. M. Cat., PI. XII. 9. 

(ii) As type (a), but round. 

N. S. XIV. 



ZOILOS 

M 

(a) Type: bust of king and HerctMes; silver, round 

522 

523 

BABAEni AfKASOY 
Z01AOY 

Diademed bust of king to r. 

W. 34. 

8 . *7. 

Maharajasa dhramikasa Jhoi- 
lasa. 

Undraped figure of Herakles 
standing to front, crowned with 
ivy, holding wreath in r. hand, 
and club and lion’s skin in 1. 

To 1. M. 67. 

G. B. 

524 

8 . *65. 

As on No. 522, but to 1. M. 34. 

Pl. VII. 

525 

8. *65. 

As on No. 522, but in addition 
a little figure of Nike is standing 
on the left shoulder of Herakles, 
and crowning him. 

To I. M. 15. 

G. B. PL VII. 


(/3) Type : bust of king and Pallas; silver, round 

526 

BA2IAEI1I SnTHPOS 
ZniAOY 

Diademed bust of king to r. 

S. *65. 

Maharajasa tratarasa JJioilasa. 
Pallas to 1. with aegis and 
thunderbolt. 

To r. M. 62 and Kh. stL 

To 1. trident-battleaxe. 



66 


GEEEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

527 

Hemidrachm as No. 526. 

As on No. 526, but instead of 
Kb. sti is Kb. ji. 

528 


As on No. 527, but the trident- 
battleaxe is replaced by Kb. ra. 

G. B. 

529 


As on No. 528, but a Kb. mono¬ 
gram in place of Kb. ra. 

550 

35 

As on No. 526. 

To r. M. 62 and Kb. ga. 

To 1. Kb. gri. 

581 

33 

As on No. 526. 

To r. M. 62 and Kb. ha. 

To 1. Kb. sti. 

582 

33 

As on No. 526. 

To r. M. 62 and Kb. ha and siri . 
To 1. Kb. monogram. 

588 

33 

As on No. 526. 

To r. M. 62 and Kb. monograms. 

; To 1. Kb. monogram. 

534 

33 

As on No. 526. 

To r. M. 50. 

pi. ra 

535 

536 

JJ 

As on No. 526. 

To r. M. 50. 

To 1. Kb. n. 

537 

33 

As on No. 526. 

To r. M. 50. 

To 1. Bl. 

538 

33 

As on No. 526. 

To r. M. 50. 

TV 1 TUT A K /THL *\ 



ZOILOS 


67 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 




539 

As on No. 526. 

As on No. 526. 

To r. M. 51. 

To 1. Kh. bu. 


540 

As on No. 526, but name of 
king written ZCOIAOY. 

As on No. 526. 

To r. M. 51. 


M 

(y) Type; Apollo and tripod; copper, round 


541 

BAZlAEnZ SIITHPOS 
ZWIAOY 

Apollo to r. bolding arrow in 
both bands. In 1. field a small 
elephant. 

Kh. legend as on No. 526. 
Tripod-lebes. 

To r. Kh. a. 

To 1. Kh. ra. 


W. 240. 

8 . 1*1. 



542 

S. 1-1. 

As on No. 541. 

To r. Kh. monogram. 
To 1. Kh. di. 

G. B. 


543 

99 

99 


544 

s? 

As on No. 542, but 
condition. 

in poor 

545 

39 

As on No. 542. 

To r. Kh. a. 

To 1. Kh. stra ,. 

G. B. 

PL VIL 


(8) Type : elephant and tripod ; copper , round 


546 

In reel and pellet border, ele¬ 
phant moving to r. ; no legend. 

W. 30. 

S. *6. 

Maharajma tratarasa Jhoilasa. 
Tripod- lebes. 

To r. Kh. Si. 

To 1. Kh. ri. 

G. B. PL VIL 

547 

39 

8 . -6. 

JJ 




68 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

548 

As on No. 546. 

8. *7. 

As on No. 546. 

To r. Kh. a . 

To 1. Kh. ra. 

549 

S. *7. 

As on No. 546, but monograms 
illegible. 

G. B. 


Unrepresented types : 



(i) Similar to type ( 7 ), but square. 

B. M. Gat , Pl. XII. 13. 

I have heard of only one other 
specimen of this extremely 
rare coin. 

(ii) Head of Herakles in lion’s skin. 

B. M. Gat., PL XXXII. 2. M 

Genuine specimens in B. M. and 

Cabinet de France. Much 
forged. 

(iii) Variety of type ( 7 ). 

N. S. XIV. 

Bow in case, and club, enclosed by 

ivy-wreath. 


APOLLOPHANES 

m 

(a) Type: bust of king and Pallas; silver, round 

550 

BASIAE miHPOS 

AIT0AA0<i>AN0Y 

Helmeted bust of king to r. 

W. 35. 
a -65. 

Maharajasa tmtamsa Apalavi - 
nasa. 

Pallas to 1. with aegis and 
thunderbolt. 

To r. M. 62 and Kh. ma. 

To 1. Kh. hi. 

G. B. PL VII. 


Unrepresented types : None. 



ARTEMIDOROS 


(a) Type: bust of king and Artemis; silver, round 

551 

BAEIAEAI ANiKHTOY 
APTEMIAI1P0Y 

Diademed bust of king to r. 

W. 128. 

8. 1. 

Maharajasa apadihaiasa Airi* 
mitorasa. 

Artemis to 1. clad in skins, 
drawing a bow, quiver at back. 

To 1. M. 74. 

Pl. VII 



ARTEMIDOROS 


69 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

JH 


- ' 

552* 

As on No. 551. 

8 . 1-05. 

As on No. 551. 

G. B. 

| 

(/?) Type : Victory; silver, round 

558 

As on No. 551. 

Inscription as on No. 551. 
Winged Nike to r. with palm 


W. 37. 

and wreath. 


S. *7. 

To r. M. 75. 

a. B. PI. VII. 

554: 



>5 



W. 37. 

G. B. 


(y) Type : Artemis and bull ; copper, square 

M 

\ 


585 

Inscription on three sides as on 

Inscription on three sides as on 


No. 551. 

No. 551. 


Artemis facing, drawing arrow 

Bull to r. 


from quiver at back. 

1 W. 130. 

a *75. 

In ex. M. 28. 

G. B. PL VIL 

560 

a *65. 

Unrepresented types: 

(i) Similar to type (a), but helmeted 

As on No. 555 ; in ex. M. 39. 


bust; bemidrachm only. Now 
in B. M. 



(ii) Male figure to front ; copper, 

Panther to L 


square. Bilingual legends as 
on type ( 7 ). 

B. M. Unpublished and unique. 

M. 5. 


(iii) Artemis to 1. holding out bow. 

* Small square copper coin. 

N.S. XIV. 

Bull to r. 


1«»S 



70 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

| Eeverse 

/I? 

ANTIMACHOS NIKEPHOROS 

(a) Type: Victory and horseman; silver, round 

557 

BAS1AEX1I NiKHcUOPOY 

ANTIMAXOY. Legend runs con¬ 
tinuously round the coin. 

Winged Nike to 1. with palm 

and fillet. 

To L M. 34. 

W. 37. 

s. -65. 

Maharajasa jayadharasa Amti~ 

makhasa. 

King on horse prancing to r. 

PI. VII. 

55B 

Hemidrachm as No. 557. 

33 

G. B. 

550-564 

33 

33 

565 

As on No. 557, but to 1. M. 27. 

3’ 

566-509 

33 

- 

570 

As on No. 557, but to 1. M. 70. 

3 

571 

As on No. 557, but to 1. IT. 15. 

, ;J 

572 

33 

! 33 

! G. B. 

M 

(ft) Type: aegis <md wreath; copper, square 

573 1 

On three sides inscription as 
on No. 557. 

Aegis with Gorgon’s head. 

W„ 150. 

a . 95 . 

On three sides inscription as on 
No. 557. 

Wreath and palm. 

In ex. M. 27. 

G. B. PL VII. 


1 Coin S. M. Cat., PI. VIII. 4, has been attributed to Antialkidas, but is really a coin of 
Antimachos of this type. 



ANTIMACHOS NIKEPHOROS 


71 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

i Eeverse 

JE 



574 

As on No. 573. 

8 . -8. 

Unrepresented types : None. 

As on No. 573. 

G. B. 


PHILOXENOS 


(a) Type : bust of king and horseman ; silver, round 

M 



575 

BAZIAEilZ ANIKHTOY 

Maharajasa apadihatasa Phila- 


0IAOZENOY 

sinasa. 


Diademed bust of king to r. 

King on horseback to r. 

M. 34. 


W. 151. 

8 . 1*05. 

G. B. 

576 

55 * 

55 


8 . M. 

M. 76. PI. VII. 

577 

As on No. 575, but bust of king 

As on No. 575 ; in lower field 


is lielmeted. 

S. 1*05. 

Z and M. 39. 

G. B. Pl. ¥11. 


Q3) Type: bust of king and horseman ; silver, square 

578 

On three sides inscription as on 

On three sides inscription as on 


No. 575. 

No. 575. 


Helmeted bust of king to r. j 

King on horseback to r. 


Monogram deleted. 


W. 37. 

8 . *65. 

G. B. PI. VII. 

579 

j? 

As on No. 578 ; in ex. Z and 


8 . *55. 

M. 39. 

580 

» j 

8 . *6. 

As on No. 578 ; in ex. M. 42. 


f a 



72 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

; Obverse 

Reverse 

A 



581 

As on No. 578, but king wears 

As on No. 578 ; in ex. M. 34. 


diadem only. 

G. B. 

582 

S. -55. 

39 


588 

a *6. 

-? 

As on No. 578 ; in ex. M. 38. 


a *6. 

PL VII. 


(y) Type : Demeter and bull ; copper , square 

M 



5 84 

On three sides inscription as on 

| On three sides inscription as on 


No. 575. 

No. 575. 


Demeter standing to 1. with 

Bull to r. 


r. hand raised and cornucopiae 

In ex. £. 

585 

in 1. 

M. 39. 

W. 130. 
a *85. 

95 

3 J 

586 

a *8. 

G. B. 

587-589 

3) 

37 

590 

8. *8. 

As on No. 584, but M. 34. 

As on No. 584, but in ex. 


s. -8. ! 

! 

Kh. va. 

PL VII. 

591 

As on No. 590. 

As on No. 590. 

592 



598 

» 

>7 

594 


G. B. 

As on No. 590, but no mark in 

595 


exergue. 



PHILOXENOS 


73 


Meta! 

No. 

M 

598 


5 97 


598 


Obverse 


As on No. 590. 


As on No. 590, but no mono¬ 
gram. 


S. *9. 


Reverse 


As on No. 594. 
G. B. 


As on No. 594, but in ex. M. 77. 
G. B. 


Unrepresented types: 

(i) As type (a), but on obverse Mug 

helmeted to 1. and thrusting 
javelin. 

Didraebm size only. B. M. 

(ii) Sun-god facing; copper, square. 
B. M. Cat , PI. XIII. 9. Extremely 

rare. Forged. 


Nike, 


NIKIAS 


At 

599 l 2 


(a) Type : bust of king and warrior; silver, round 


BA21AEQZ SnTHPOZ 
NIKIOY 

Diademed bust of king to r. 

W. 37. 

S. *7. 


Maharajasa tratarasa Nihiasa* 
Warrior fully accoutred to 1. 
holding palm in 1. hand. 

To 1. M. 39. 

PL VII. 


M 

800 a 


(/3) Type; bust of Icing and horseman; copper t square 


BACIAEWC CCOTHPOC 
NIKIOY 

Diademed bust of king to r. 


On three sides inscription as on 
No. 599. 

Rider on horse prancing to r. 


W. 130. 
S. -8 x L 


1 The silver hemidrachms of Nikias are extremely rare, and are considerably forged. 
Though the word B A2EI AE.Q2 on this specimen is blundered, yet its workmanship, 
texture, and general appearance make its authenticity certain. I have seen one or two casts 
of this coin. 

2 Note the late forms of the letters on these copper coins of Nikias, which are also peculiar 
in being without monogram. One or two specimens are known on which the letters are 
normal. Op. coins Nos. 172 and 212 of Antialkidas. 



74 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

JE 

,801 

As on No. 600. 

As on No. 600. 



S. *85. 



602 

BACJAELlIC OjJIHPOC 
N1KI0Y 

Diademed bust of king to r. 

G. B. 

Pi. VII. 


a -8. 



603 

S. *7 x -9. ” | 

? > 



Unrepresented type : 

As type (£)• 

B.M. Cat, PI. XIII. 12. M j 

| Dolphin twined round anchor. 


HIPPOSTRATOS 


M 

(a) Type : hist of king and city goddess ; silver 

round 

604 

1 BAISAE 2X1THP02 

STTTT02TPATDY 

Diademed bust of king to r. 

W. 155 (looped). i 

S. M. ! 

Maharajasa tratarasa Ilipustm- 
tasa. 

City goddess to 1., carrying 
cornucopiae. 

To r. Kh. a. 

To 1. M. 78. 

605 

S. 1*05. 

g. a 


606 

a ms. 

G. B. 

PL VIII. 

607 

a i*L 

! G. B. 


608 

S. 1*15. 

G. B. 


600 1 

W. 36. 

S. *65. 

n 

G. B. 

PL VIII. 


1 hemidrachms of Hippostratos are extremely rare. There are three in this 
Collection. 



hippostratos 


75 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Keverse 


((3) Type: bust of king and horseman 9 with title METAAOY; 

M 

silver , round 

610 

BAZIAEnZ MErAAOY 

Maharajasa tratarasa mahatasa 


ZHTHPOZ innOZTPATOY 

jayamtasa Hipustratasa. 


Diademed bust of king to r. 

King in full panoply on horse 
prancing to r. 


W. 135. 

To r. M. 79. 


8. 145. 

To 1. Kb. mam . 

In ex. Kh. pri . 

G. B. PL VIII. 

611 




S. 1-05. 

G. B. ” 

612 




8. 14. 

G. B. 

616 

n 

As on No. 610, but in ex. 


8. 14. 

Kh. lo. 

614 

j' 

As on No. 610, but in ex. M. 80 


8. 145. 

only. 

G. B. PL VIII. 

615 


As on No. 610. 


W. 37. 

8. *7. 

G. B. PI. VIII. 


(y) Type: as type (/?), but without title MET AAOY ; 


silver, round 

616 

BAZIAEOZ ZHTHPOZ 

Mahamjasa tratarasa jayamtasa 


innOZTPATOY 

Mipustratasa . 


Diademed bust of king to r. 

W. 37. 

8. *75. 

As on No. 614. 

G. B. PL VIII. 


I Didrachm in B. M. 


PL VIII. 





76 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(S) Type; as type (j8), but standing horse ; silver , round 

017 

As on No. 610. 

8. M5. 

As on No. 610, but horse is 
standing to r. 

To r. M. 79. 

1 To 1. Kh. mam . 

! In ex. Kh. pa. 

G. B. PI. ¥111 

618 

8.1-15., 

3? 

! G. B. 

019 

S„ 1*05. 

1 As on No. 617, but in ex. 

Kh. na. 
i G. B. 

i 

820 

33 

8. M. 

As on No. 617, but in ex. 
Kh. sra. 

G. B. 

821 

! 8. 1*15. 

As on No. 617, but nothing in 
exergue. 

G. B. 

M 

(e) Type : Apollo and tripod ; copper , square 

022 

Apollo to r. carrying arrow in 
both hands. 

To 1. BAZIAEflZ 

Above, IflTHPOS 

To r. ITTTTOZTPATOY 

W. 140. 

8. *9. 

Maharajasa tratarasa Mipustra- 
tasa. 

Tripod-lebes. 

To r. Kh. a. 

To 1. M. 78, 

G. B. 

628 

624 

8. *9 x*75 and-9. 

G. B. 

625 

026 

33 

8. *8. 

33 

827 

3'? 

8. -8. 

PL VIII, 



HIPPOSTRATOS 


77 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(£) Type : Apollo and tripod ; copper , round 

62 8 

As on No. 622, but round. 

¥. 232-5. 

a 1 * 2 . 

As on No. 622. but round. 

To 1. M. 80. 

G. B. Pi. VIII, 


(v) Type : enthroned deity and horse ; copper, square 

620 

Inscription as on No. 622. 

Deity on square-backed tbrone. 

W. 90. 

a *85, 

Large size known. 

Kh. legend on three sides Maha- 
rajasa tratarasa jayatasa Hipu- 

siratasa . 

Within reel and pellet border, 
horse standing to 1. 

To 1. M. 80. 

G. B. PL VIII 

630 

a *9 x *75. 

G. B. 


(0) Type : triton and city goddess ; copper s square 

631 

i 

j 

Inscription as on No. 622. 

Triton holding dolphin and 

rudder. 

W. 270. 

8. 1*1. 

Kh. legend as on No. 622, 

City goddess to 1. with mural 
crown and palm. 

To r. Kh. a. 

To I. M. 78. 

G. B. PL VIII. 


Unrepresented types : None, 



THEOPHILOS 


(a) Type : Herakles and cornucopiae ; copper, square 

632 

BA2IAEHS A1KAIOY 
0EOd>iAOY 

Bust of Herakles to r. with 
club over 1. shoulder. 

W. 120. 

S. -8. 

Maharajasa dhramikasa Theit- 
philasa. 

Cornucopiae. 

To 1. M. 34. 

PL VIII. 

633 

a *8. 

G. B. 




78 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Eeverse 


((3) Type : Herakles and club ; copper , square 

M 



634 1 

Inscription as on No. 632. 

Inscription as on No. 632. 


Bust of Herakles to r. wrapped 

Club. 


in lion’s skin. 

W. 114. 

8. *9. 

Unrepresented type : 

To r. M. 39. 

G. B. PL VIII. 


The silver hemidrachm. 

& 


B. M. Cat , PL XXXI. 3. Now in B. M. 


AMYNTAS 


(a) Type: bust of king and Zeus Nikephoros ; silver, round 

A 



685 

BAEIAEOE NIKATOPOE 

Maharajasa jayadharasa Ami- 


AMYNTOY 

tasa . 


Diademed bust of king to r. 

Zeus with long sceptre seated to 
1. on throne ; Nike on his out- 


W- 33. 

stretched r. hand. 


S. -65. 

To 1. M. 81. 

G. B. 

636 

5 J 

As on No. 635, but to 1. M. 71. 


8. *7. 

PL VIII. 

A 

(/3) Type : bust of king with sceptre and Pallas ; copper, square 

637 

Bust of king to r. in Phrygian 

i Inscription as on No. 635. 


cap with sceptre over shoulder. 

! Draped figure of Pallas to 1. 


To 1. BAZIAEOE 

i with shield and spear. 


Above, NIKATOPOE 

To 1. M. 42, 


To. r. AMYNTOY 

W. 140. 

S. ‘8. 

G. B. PI. VIII. 


1 This unique coin was in the White King Cabinet and has come to the Museum via the 
Bleazby Collection. It was published by Mr. "Vincent Smith in his paper 1 Numismatic Notes 
and Novelties J.A.S.JB., 1897. ! 




AMYNTAS 


79 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Keverse 




M 

638 


(y) Type: bust of king without sceptre and Pallas; 
copper , square 


As on No. 637, but king does 
not carry sceptre. 

8 . * 85 . 


As on No. 637 ; to I. M. 71. 


639 


S. *85. 


As on No. 637; monogram 
deleted. 


Unrepresented types: 

(i) The didrachm, helmeted bust to r. Didrachm known of this type only. 
Unique: much forged. 

B. M. Cat , PI. XIV. 9. 

(ii) As type (a), but king wears flat cap (kausia). B. M. 

Cunningham, PI. XIII. 2. 

(iii) As type (a), but diademed bust of king to 1. thrusting javelin. B. M. 

(iv) As type (iii), but bust is helmeted. B. M. 

Unpublished. 


640 1 


TELEPHOS 

(a) Type: enthroned Zeus and warrior; copper , square 


Zeus to 1. on throne with long 
sceptre in 1. hand, and r. arm 
outstretched. 

ToL BAZlAEnS 
Above, EYEPrETOY 
Tor. THAE<3>0Y 

W. 126 
S. '9 x *75. 


To r. Maharajasa. 

Above, kalanakramasa. 

To I. Teliphasa. 

Male figure, with cloak and cap, 
walking to r. with r. arm out¬ 
stretched and long spear over 1. 
shoulder. Below the spear is a 
conical object which maybe apilos; 
cp. a similar object on coin No. 131. 

To r. M. 82. 

PL VIII. 


641 


S. *9 X *75. 


(poor) 


i A hemidrachm of Telephos was discovered about the year 1841, and for many 
years the existence of this Indo-Graeeian king remained known from this one specimen. 
Two more are now in the Berlin Museum, and were published in Von Sallet’s monograph 
Die Nachfolger Alexander des Grossen in Indien. Recently one or two copper coins of Telephos 
of two different types have come to light. Type (ii) was published by Mr. Vincent Smith 
in ( Numismatic Notes and Novelties’, Part III, J.A.S.B., 1898 ; I published type (a) in 
N. S. XIV, from a good specimen in my own Cabinet. Since this latter publication I have 




80 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal j 

No. Obverse I Reverse 


Unrepresented types: 

(i) The silver hemidraehm. 

B.M.Cat., PI. XXXII. 7. 

(ii) Inscriptions and obverse design as type (a), but on the reverse is 

a crouching figure to r., possibly a city goddess. 

Now in B. M. M 


PEUKOLAOS 


(a) Type: Artemis and city goddess; copper, square 

Artemis standing to front draw-' Crowned city goddess to 1.; 
ing arrow from quiver at back palm in 1. band, and flower-like 
with r. hand. object in r. 

[Greek legend on three sides : [Kh. legend on three sides : 

BAZIA EH Z AIKA10Y K A1 Maharajasa dhramikam tradarasa 
ZXiTHPOZ TTEYKOAAOY] Peukulctdsa* 

To L M. 95.] 

W. 135. G. E. PL VIII 

S. -85 X -75. 


Unrepresented types : None. 

acquired the two additional specimens of this second type which are now in the Lahore 
Museum. 

Of the hemidraehm Sir Alexander Cunningham remarked that its strange types offer 
nothing whatever to guide us in assigning Telephos a position either in time or place, and 
that its single monogram is not found on the coins of any other Greek prince. He surmised 
that Telephos may have ruled either in Peshawar or in the North-West Punjab for a few 
months just prior to the reign of Hermaios. 

The monogram on the hemidraehms of Telephos is not only common to them and to his 
copper coins of type (a), but is also found on the biga type of the silver coins of the Indo- 
bcythic ruler Maues (Moa), and on a copper coin of Maues. Copper coin type (ii) bears 

a monogram y which is only found elsewhere on square copper coins of Maues. As regards 

design, the crouching figure on type (ii) is unique in the entire Indo-Greek series, but the 
walking figure on the reverse of type (a) somewhat resembles that on the hemidraehm of 
Agathokleia. The obverse copper coin design is similar to the reverse design of the silver 
coins of Hermaios, and to that of the Maues silver pieces of the biga type. 

t0 look for Unship in time and place with Maues, and this agrees very 

well with Cunningham’s tentative conclusions. 

1 This corn is m extremely poor condition, but I have inserted the legends and mint-mark 
tro “ * 3°°<1 specimen in the British Museum. A copper coin of Peukolaos was 

published by Mr. Vincent Smith in ‘Numismatic Notes and Novelties’, Fart III, 1898. 





STRATO I with STRATO II 


81 


Metal 

Ho. 


643 1 


Obwrse 


Reverse 


STRATO I with STRATO II 


(a) Type; bust of Strata I and Pallas; silver , round 


BAIIAEY STHPC ITPATUN 


Diademed bust of aged king 

to r. 

W. 36. 

8 . * 6 . 


Maharajasa -- - sa 

casa priyapita Stratasa, 

Pallas to 1. with aegis and 
thunderbolt. 

To r. Kb. ri. 

G. B. Pl. VIII. 


644 


As No. 643; same part of 
Greek inscription visible. 


Similar to No. 643. 


8 . * 6 . 


Lead 

645 


(/3) Type: Apollo and tripod; lead , round 


Traces of Greek legend as on 
No. 643. 

Apollo to r. holding arrow in 
both hands. 


Traces of Kh. legend. 
Tripod-lebes. 

To r. Kh. vi. 

To 1. Kh. ga. 


W. 133. 
S. *8. 


646 


8 . * 8 . 


As on No. 645, but to 1. Kh. spa. 


1 These coins were attributed by Cunningham to a StratoII, son of Strato I, but Professor 
E. J. Rapson has shown that: 

(i) The coins bear the joint names of Strato Soter and Strato Philopator, who may be 
termed Strato I and Strato II, the Strato I being identical with the Strato already known 
from his coins; 

(ii) Strato Philopator (Strato II) is not the son but is the grandson of Strato Soter 
(Strato I); 

(iii) the aged bust on the coins must be that of the first Strato. 

The full Kharosthi inscription on the type of coin No. 643 is 

* Maharajasa tmtarasa Stratasa , potrasa casa priyapita Stratasa . 

1 (The coin) of King Strato Soter, and of his grandson Strato Philopator/ 

These conclusions are contained in a paper 1 Coins of the Graeco-Indian Sovereigns 
Agathocleia, Strato I Soter, and Strato II Philopator 7 , Corolla Numismatica, Oxford, 1906. 





82 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 


Lead 

647 


M 

648 


640 


650 


651 


652 


653 


Obverse 

As on No. 645. 

S. -65. 

Unrepresented types: None. 


Reverse 


As on No. 645, but to r. Kh. la. 

PL VIII. 


HERMAXOS 

(a) Type: diademed bust of king and enthroned Zeus ; 
silver, round 


BASSAEJIS SHTHPOS 

EPMAIOY 

Diademed bust of king to r 
W. 145. 

a i. 


a i. 


As on No 648, but square form 
of Greek letter 0, thus 0. 

a i. 


8 . 1 . 


As on No. 648. 

W. 37. 

S. -65. 


a ‘ 65 . 


Maliarajasa tratarasa Herama- 
yasa. 

Zeus radiate seated to 1. on 
throne; long sceptre in 1. hand; 
r. arm outstretched. 

To r. M. 83. 

G. B. 


As on No. 648, but to r. M. 84, 
and under throne Kh. sa. 

PI. IX. 


As on No. 648; to r. Kh. ga-, 
to 1. M. 85 
G. B. 


As on No. 648 ; to r. M. 87 and 
Kh. ma ; to 1. M. 86. 


As on No. 648; to r. M. 88. 
G. B. 


G. B. 


As on No. 648; to 1. M. 38. 
G. B. 


654 


a .75. 






HERMAIOS 


83 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

655 

Hemidracbm as No. 648. j 

As on No. 648 ; to 1. M. 61. 

G. B. 

656 

j 

?' 

As on No. 648 ; to r. M. 37. 

G. B. 

657 

33 

As on No. 648 ; to r. M. 24. 

G. B. PI. IX. 

@58 

35 ; 

As on No. 648 ; to r. M. 85. 

@59 

u ! 

| 

As on No. 648 ; to r. M. 89. 

660 

33 

As on No. 648 ; to 1. M. 80. 

661 

*3 

As on No. 648. 

662 

As on No. 650. 

As on No. 648 ; to r. M. 91 ; to 

1 1. M. 90. 

M 

(/3) Type : as type (a), but copper, round 

668 

Similar to No. 648. 

W. 143. 

a i. 

Similar to No. 648 ; to 1. M. 92. 
G. B. 

[ 

664 

S. 1. 

53 

665 

33 

a i. 

As on No. 663, but to 1. M. 93. 
G. B. 

666 

33 

a i. 

G. B. ” PI. IX. 

667 

33 

a i. 

33 

:, G. B. 



84 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. j 

Obverse 

Reverse 

JS 

668-678 

As on No. 663. 

As on No. 665. 


a i. 


674 

675 

>? 

8. 1. 

As on No. 663, but monogram 

deleted. 


(y) Type: as type ((3), but with legends 2THP0XXY and 
mahatasa ; copper , round 

676 1 

As on No. 663, but inscription 
illegible. 

W. 56. 

a *75. 

Maharajasa maha - - - - 
As on No. 663, 

To r. Kh. pm and M. 94. 

To 1. monogram similar to M. 86. 

G. B. 

677 

678 

-DX XY-AIOY 

As on No. 663. j 

Maha - Heramayasa. 

As on No. 676. 


S. *75. ! 



(S) Type : bust of king and horse ; copper , square 

679 

Radiate bust to r. of king in 
Phrygian cap. 

To 1. BAZIAE.QE 

Above, ZX1THP0Z 

Tor. EPMAIOY 

Horse standing to r. 

To r. Maharajasa, 

Above, tratarasa. 

To 1. Heramayasa, 

PL IX. 


W. 125, 

8. *75. 


680 

u 

8. -7. 

}) 

G. B. 

681 

>> 

8. *8. 

St 


1 Coins Nos. 676 to 678 are of the type of Cunningham, PL XIV. 14. The full legends are 
probably B AZI AE&Z ZTHPOZZY EPMAIOY and Kakarqjata mahatasaHeramayaaa. 



HERMAIOS 


85 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(e) Type: bust of king and Bike; copper, round 

082 1 

-THPELE 

Diademed bust of king to r. 

W. 45. 

S. -65. 

- - - - sa mahatasa Heramayasa, 
Winged Nike to 1. with palm 
and wreath. 

To r. M. 94. 

PL IX. 

083 

BACA - - - EPMDY 

W. 29. 

8. *6. 

- sa rajarajasa - 

As on No. 682 ; to r. M. 94; to 
1. Xh. pra. 

G.B, 

084 

As on No. 683, but legends 

33 

085 

illegible. 

S. -6. 

G. B. 

388-888 

S. *65. 

?» 

089 

33 

S. *6. 

Makarajasa - 

As on No. 682. 

690 

S. *65. 

As on No. 682, but Nike facing; 
legend and monograms rubbed. 

G. B. 

691 

}) 

E. *65. 

3? 

692 

33 

a *6. 

As on No. 682, but Nike turned 
to r. 

Uncertain monogram to 1. 


1 Coins Nos. 682 to 692 are of the type of Cunningham, PI. XTV. 15. The full legends are 
BAZIAED.Z ZTHPOZZY EPMAIOY and Mahajarasa rajarajasa mahatasa Heramayasa . 
Types (5) and («) have the same (3-reek legend as the joint coins of Hennaios and Kadpliises I. 
For remarks on the Greek form ZTHPEESY see footnote to the ELush&n Section of this 
Catalogue, Coin No. 1, The Kharosthi legend on type («) makes it a link between the 
Indo-Greek coins proper and those of the Sakas. 


1585 


G 



86 


GREEK KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


Unrepresented types ; 

(i) As type (a), but helmeted bust j 

didrachm and bemidraebm size 
in B. M. 

Cunningham, PI. XIT. 8. 

(ii) Mounted horseman to r.; legends 

as on type (a). Hemidrachm 
now in B. M. Unique. 

(iii) Cunningham, PL XIV. 10. M 

Now in B. M. 


Enthroned Zeus as on type (a). 


M 

693 


HERMAIOS and KALLIOPE 
(a) Type: conjugate busts and mounted king; silver, round 


BAZIAEaZ ZQTHPOZ 
EPMAI0Y KAI KAAAIOTIHZ 
Conjugate diademed busts of 
3dng and queen to r. 

W. 37. 

S. *65. 


Maharajasa trcttarasa Herama- 
yasa Kaliyapaya. 

King panoplied and armed on 
horse prancing to r. 

M. 38. 

G. B. Pi. IX. 


Known only in hemidrachm 
size. 


694-696 


S. *65 


G. B. 


697 

698 


S. *65. 


Unrepresented types: None. 





87 


SUPPLEMENTARY 


Obverse 


Reverse 




Diademed head of Zens to r. 

M Tetradrachm. B. M. 

Probably a coin of Alexander struck 
in or near India. 


Eagle with bead turned to L, and thunder¬ 
bolt. Greek legend AAEEANAPOY. 

PL IX. 


SOPHYTES 

(ii) Helmeted head of king to r. j Cock. 

M Drachm. B. M, Cat j 

DEMETRIOS 

(iii) Diademed bust of king to r. | Pallas armed. 

M Tetradrachm. B. M. | 


PL IX. 


PL IX. 


EUKRATIDES with HELIOKLES and LAODIKE 


(iv) Helmeted bust of king to r. 
M i Tetradrachm. 


} Conjugate busts of Heliokies and Laodike. 

F, if. Cat I PL IX 


PLATO 

(v) Helmeted bust of king to r. | Deity in quadriga. 

M Tetradrachm. B. if. Cat I 


PL IX. 


STRATO with AGATHOKLEIA 


(vi) Conjugate busts of Strato and Agatho- 
kleia. 

M Didrachm. B. M. 

E. I. Rapson, Corolla Numismatica. 


Pallas to 1. 


STRATO with AGATHOKLEIA 


(vii) Diademed bust of Agathokleia. 

M Hemidrachm. B. M. 

E. J. Rapson, Corolla Numismatica. 


Armed male figure to r. 


PL IX. 


PL IX. 


THEOPHILOS 

(viii) Diademed bust of king to r. | Herakles. 

M Hemidrachm. B. M. | 


PL IX. 


BHADAYASA 

(ix) Early imitation of Strato’s currency. 

JR Hemidrachm. B. M. 

E. J. Rapson, Corolla Numismatica . 


PL IX. 


TELEPHOS 


(x) Figure with serpent tails. 

M Hemidrachm. 

Bodleian Library Collection. 

Two duplicates in the Berlin Museum. 


God and goddess standing to front. 


PI IX. 


a 2 



SECTION II 


COINS OF THE INDO-SC1THIANS 
AND INDO-PARTHIANS 



INTRODUCTION 


The first Section of this work has treated of the coins of the Greek 
invaders of North-West India. We now come to the next in chrono¬ 
logical order of the foreign lines which are known to ns chiefly 
through their coins, the so-called Indo-Scythian and Indo-Parthian 
dynasties. The Indo-Scythian, Kushan, and White Hun invasions 
mark the subjection of the extreme North-West of India to tribes 
which came from regions of Central Asia. Apart from the coins and 
the scanty inscriptions, the only information we can glean as to the 
Indo-Scythians and their immediate successors, is to be found in 
the Rajatamhgim, 1 the Sanskrit metrical chronicle of Kashmir, 
in the official annals of the Chinese dynasties, and in the records of 
those Chinese pilgrims who visited the sacred Buddhist sites in 
Northern India. 

According to Chinese accounts, the Sakas—Se or Sok—a nomad 
horde living to the west of the Chinese Empire, were driven out of 
their lands by another nomad horde, the Yue-chi, and migrating into 
Ki-pin (Kashmir) about the end of the second century b.c., spread 
over a region which roughly corresponded with the present provinces 
of Sistan, Sind, and the North-West Panjab. They overthrew the 
Greek power in these parts, and established a new kingdom east and 
west of the River Indus which is known as Indo-Scythia. The Greeks 
of Kabul probably maintained their independence. According to 
Cunningham, there were three distinct dynasties of Saka or Indo- 
Scythian rulers whose names have been preserved to us on their 
coins: one proceeding from Vonones and his lieutenants Spalahores 
and Spalagadames, holding to the west of the Indus; a second from 
Maues or Moa, and Azes, in the Panjab; and a third in Sind and 
Western Central India, to which the great satrap Nahapana belonged. 
The coins of the three prominent kings Maues, Azes, and Azilises, are 
found chiefly in the Panjab, and rarely in Afghanistan. These three 
rulers certainly preceded the Kushan conqueror Kujula Kadphises, 
with whom they seem to have had nothing in common, whereas 


1 Translated by Sir Aurel Stein. 



92 INDO-SOYTHIAN AND INDQ-PARTHIAN KINGS 

their connexion with the Saka dynasty of Vonones is undoubted, as 
joint coins of Azes and Spalirises are known, and Spaliri&es was a 
member of the Vonones dynasty. 

The name of Vonones is found in the Greek coin legends in the 
form ONflNOY, and the corresponding Kharosthi legends contain 
the names of two of his relatives, Spalahora (Spalahores) and Spalaga- 
dama (Spalagadames). That the latter were subordinate to Vonones 
is certain from the fact that the name and titles of Vonones are given 
in the Greek script as BAZSAEfll BAZIAEX1N MET AAOY ONflNOY, 
while Spalahora is merely called brother of the king, and Spalagadama 
is the son of Spalahora. On a square copper coin the Greek form 
of Spalahorasa is given as ZTTAAYPIOI, the presumed nominative of 
which is ETTA AY PIE. We also possess similar coins struck by one 
Spalirisa (Spalirises) as * brother of the king with a Greek legend 
BAEI AEfll AAEA<t>OY ZT7AAIP1ZOY, translated into the Kharosthi 
as Makarajabhrata dhramiasa Spalirisasa, e [coin] of the pious Spali- 
ri&a, brother of the king Again, other coins exhibit Spalirisa as king 
on his own account with the usual Greek suzerain titles. The 
king referred to in the first of these two types of Spalirisa, can 
hardly be any other than Vonones, and the legitimate inferences seem 
to be that Spalirisa was another brother of Vonones, who survived 
both Spalahora and Vonones, and succeeded the latter on the throne. 

Two types of coin, one silver and the other copper, exhibit 
the Greek legend BAZi AEX1Z METAAOY ETTAAIPIZOY, and the 
Kharosthi legend Maharajasa mahatakasa Ayasa. It follows that 
Spalirisa employed a presumed relative named Aya as his repre¬ 
sentative or viceroy. All the above coins belong exclusively to Sistan 
and the regions west of the Indus, and cease abruptly with the vice¬ 
regal coinage of Aya, 

But coins bearing the name of Aya, and a Greek inscription 
BAZSAE0Z BASlAEflN MET AAOY AZOY, which are obviously 
very closely related to the issues of the Vonones family, are found in 
great abundance in the Panjab, and scarcely at all in Sistan 
(Drangiana) and Qandahar (Araehosia). The tacit assumption has 
always been made that Azes, the king of the Western Panjab, is 
identical with Azes, the Arachosian viceroy of Spalirisa. But the 
coins of Manes, though related to those of Azes, are earlier and better 
in style, and Maues was certainly a suzerain king in the Western 
Panjab. So it is generally held that Azes succeeded Maues, and 
about the same period must have relinquished his rights in regions 
west of the Indus. 

These conclusions, as set out by Mr. Vincent Smith in his paper, 
‘The Indo-Parthian Dynasties’, Zeitschrifb der Deutschen Morgen* 



INTRODUCTION 


93 


laindischen Gesellschctfty Leipzig, 1906, are direct interpretations of 
the coin inscriptions. He rightly shows that a coin described by 
Edward Thomas and Cunningham as a joint type of Vonones and 
Azes, is really a coin of Manes, and so the supposed connexion 
between Vonones and Azes disappears. But there are joint types, 
both in silver and copper, of Azes and Azilises. Azes struck one or 
two scarce coins bearing his own name in Greek on the obverse, and 
that of Azilises in Kharosthi on the reverse. The legends are B All 
AEfl!£ BASlAEflN MEFAAOY AZOY, and Maharajasa rajarajasa 
mahatasa Ayilisasa . Then again we have a very scarce joint type 
with exactly similar inscriptions to those just chronicled, but the 
name in Greek is AZ I Al SOY, and in Kharosthi is Aycisa. Mr. Vincent 
Smith postulates that these two joint types, when considered together, 
prove that Azilises, before his accession to independent power, was the 
subordinate viceregal colleague of an Azes, and that an Azes, similarly, 
was subsequently the subordinate viceregal colleague of Azilises. The 
two princes named Azes cannot be identical, and they must be 
distinguished as Azes I and Azes II. Mr. Vincent Smith holds that 
this necessary inference is fully confirmed by minute examination 
of the immense mass of coins bearing the name of Azes alone, which 
readily fall into two classes—one well executed, with good Greek 
legends, the other semi-barbarous, with debased, and often corrupt, 
Greek inscriptions. He concludes that Azes II was the grandson 
of Azes I, and son of Azilises, who undoubtedly succeeded Azes I. 

Whether this evidence by itself is weighty enough to warrant so 
important a conclusion, is a matter of opinion. I know it is generally 
held that Azes came before Azilises, but the coins are so far our only 
testimony, and the silver coins of Azilises are better executed and 
earlier in style than those of Azes. The best didrachms of Azes 
compare unfavourably with the fine silver coins of Azilises with 
Zeus obverse, and Dioskouroi reverse, and with other rare silver 
types of Azilises. If Azilises preceded Azes, then, following Mr. Vincent 
Smith, we must have Azilises I and Azilises II, instead of Azes I 
and Azes II. The differences in type and style between the abundant 
issues of Azes can be adequately explained by reasons of locality 
alone, operating through a long reign. 

The dynasties of Maues and Vonones coined extensively in silver 
and copper, but like the Indo-Greek princes, they did not strike gold. 
A possible exception to this last statement is the unique gold piece in 
this Collection which bears the name Athama, and is certainly of either 
Indo-Scythian or Indo-Parthian fabric. No inscription containing the 
names of Maues or Vonones, or of their immediate successors, has yet 
been found, but the coins prove that Azes must have employed in hi$ 



94 INDO-SCYTHIAN AND INDO-PARTHIAN KINGS 

administration Indian servants such as the general Aspavanna, son of 
Inclravarma. The nanie of Aspavarma also occurs on coins represented 
in this Collection, which I have shown are probably to be attributed 
to Gondophares, thus providing a link between the Indo-Scythian 
and Indo-Parthian dynasties. 

Cunningham makes Gondophares the founder of ^ a separa e 
dynasty in succession to that of Manes, Azes, and Azilises. Ab a- 
gases was his nephew, and other members of the line were Orthagnes, 
Pakores, and Sanabares. The names of these kings are Parthian, and 
the busts on their coins closely resemble those of the contemporaneous 
rulers of Parthia. The planetary symbol, 5 , is generally found on the 
coins of Gondophares and Abdagases, and was termed by Cunningham 
the Gondopharian symbol. 

The name of Gondophares occurs in the Christian tradition con¬ 
nected with the Apostle Thomas. ‘ The Ads of Thomas contain certain 
statements which discoveries made in recent years have enabled us to 
test in the light of actual history. The narrative tells us that the 
Apostle Thomas, much against his will and inclination, had to under¬ 
take the work of preaching the Gospel to the Indians; and that to 
induce him to obey the mandate he had received, our Lord appeared 
to him in person, and sold him to Habban, a minister of King Gondo¬ 
phares of the Indians, who had been sent to Syria in search of a 
competent builder, able to undertake the construction of a palace for 
his sovereign. Thomas in his company left by sea for India, which 
was reached after a rapid passage. Both proceeded to the Courts 
where Thomas was presented to the king, and undertook the erection 
of the building ’ (India and the Apostle Thomas, by A. E. Medlycott). 
It is stated that Thomas made many converts, including Gondo¬ 
phares himself and his brother Gad, and ultimately met a martyr s 
death. 

The name of Gondophares, in the Kharosthi Guduphafa or pos¬ 
sibly Gandapharna , is found in various texts and versions of these 
Apocryphal Acts of Thomas, as Gudnaphar, Goundaphoros, Gunda- 
forus, and Gundoforus. It is a remarkable fact that after the lapse 
of so many centuries, the actual existence of this king has been proved 
by the discovery of his coins in India. The first .specimen was found 
by Masson in Afghanistan about the year 1834, and since then many 
have come to light. Their find-spots show that this ruler must have 
held Kabul, Qandahar, Sistan, and the West and South Panjab. His 
reign probably lasted thirty or forty years, and covered the middle of 
the first century a.d. The name of Gondophares occurs in an inscrip¬ 
tion on the well-known Takht-i-Bahi stone, now in the Lahore 
Museum. 



INTRODUCTION 


95 


The name of Gad, mentioned by tradition as the brother of Gondo- 
phares, possibly occurs in the Kharosthi legend on the coins of 
Orthagnes. A reference is invited to the footnote on this point in 
the body of the Catalogue. 

Subordinate members of this dynasty are the satraps Zeionises, son 
of Manigul, Kharahostes, son of Arta, and Arsakes Theos. Probably 
the last king of the line was an anonymous ruler who is known on his 
coins merely by his titles of the King of Kings, the Great Saviour. 
His currency is found in copper only, and is extremely common all 
over the Panjab, as well as in Qandahar and in the Kabul Valley. 
All the coins without exception bear a three-pronged symbol, ^ 6 > 
which was evidently the peculiar device of this prince, but there is a 
total absence of Greek monograms. Certain issues bear the single 
Kharosthi alcsara vi in the field. The rule of this nameless king 
must have been both long and extensive. Why he should have 
remained anonymous is still a puzzle, though many investigators 
have attempted a solution of the mystery. 

In the above account of Vonones, Maues, and their successors, 

I have followed Cunningham. A modem view is expressed in 
Mr. Vincent A. Smith’s article, ‘The Indo-Parthian Dynasties’, 
to which I have already alluded in this Introduction. Mr. Vincent 
Smith holds that the key to these problems is obtainable from 
the history of Parthia. Remarking on the square copper coin of 
Maues with horse obverse and bow-case reverse, Von Sallet observed 
in his Xachfolger Alexanders des Grossen that ‘ this fine coin 
is remarkable on account of the completely Arsakidan types, 
which occur especially on the reverses of the copper money of 
Arsakes VI (Mithradates I), and were exactly copied by the 
hitherto imperfectly known Arsakes Theos of Baetria. Without 
indulging in further conjectures, we must maintain that both these 
pieces indicate an Arsakidan rather than an Indo-Scythian origin 
for Maues.’ Mr. Vincent Smith quotes this observation, and holds 
that Maues was a Parthian chieftain who, about 120 B. c., during the 
troubles which ensued upon the death of Mithradates I, made himself 
king of the Western Panjab, which seems to have formed an integral 
part of the Parthiah dominions for a few years. Vonones was another 
Parthian chief who about the same time became king of Sistan and 
the Indian borderland. There is no adequate justification for describing 
the coins of Azes, Vonones, and the rest as coins of the Sakas. 
According to this view the terms Indo-Scythian and Saka disappear, 
and the dynasties under discussion become simply Indo-Parthian. 

I have already stated that the invasion of these Saka, or Parthian, 
chiefs preceded that of the Kushan leader, Kujula Kadphises, who 



96 INDO-SCYTHIAN AND INDO-PAETHIAN KINGS 

swept away the last remnants of Greek authority as represented by 
Hermaios, and annexed Kabul to the growing Kushan empire about 

the year A.D. 50. Thus the Saka dominion overlapped that of the 
Greeks, and it is supposed that some of the later Greek princes were 
driven out of the Panjab into the mountains, Artemidoros perhaps to 
Kashmir, and Dionysios, Zoilos, and the second Strato to Kangra. 
Late in the first century a. x»., all the minor states of the Panjab, both 
Greek and Parthian, were absorbed by the second Kadphises into the 
Kushan monarchy. 

With the exceptions that Gondophares is mentioned in a single 
inscription and in a well-known early Christian tradition, both of 
which have been already touched upon, coins are our sole source 
of direct knowledge of the Indo-Scythic and Indo-Parthian dynasties. 
Of the rulers called Indo-Parthian in this Catalogue, I suppose the 
only ones of undoubted Parthian lineage are Gondophares, Abdagases, 
Orthagnes, Sanabares, Pakores, and Arsakes Theos. I can only say 
of the others that perhaps they fall more naturally into this Section 
than into the third Section. Zeionises and Kharahostes may have 
been satraps of Taxila, and Kajavula was probably of Saka descent. 
Heraos has been called a Saka, and a Kushan, and the types of thp 
coins of Soter Megas ally him both to the Kushans and to the Indo- 
Parthians. Hyrkodes, Phseigacharis, and Sapaleizes are nondescripts. 
The subject is a difficult one, and the correct and full solution of all 
the problems involved must await the discovery of adequate epi- 
graphical evidence. 

For further information on this period I can refer the reader to 
the publications already mentioned in this Introduction, and in the 
Introduction to the first Section, and to the following: 

Dr. J. Marquart, Emnsahr. Berlin, 1901. 

V. A. Smith, ‘The Kushan or Indo-Scythian Period of Indian 
History J, jR. A . S., 1903. 

E. D. Banerji, ‘ The Scythian Period of Indian History J , Indian 
Antiquary, 1908. 

There are Dr. Fleet's e Moga, Maues, and Yonones *, /. R.A.8 ., 1907, 
and other papers by the same authority, and introductory remarks in 
the papers, f White Huns and Kindred Tribes in the History of the 
Indian North-West Frontier by Sir Aurel Stein, Indian Antiquary , 
1905, and F. W. Thomas’s, f The Date of Kanishka with subsequent 
contributions by other specialists on the same subject, J. R. A. 
1913. 

The Lahore Museum Collection of Indo-Seythic and Indo-Parthian 
coins is very good, and the number of unrepresented types is quite 
small. It contains an unpublished, unique silver coin of Maues, and 



INTRODUCTION 


97 

a similar piece o£ Azilises. Attention is directed to the superb silver 
coins of Azilises, nearly all of which came from the Rleazby Collec¬ 
tion. The rarer silver types of this king are known from coins which 
are either unique, or at the most not more than two or three in 
number. All the silver types are shown here. The issues of Azes 
are excellently represented; there is the rare coin of Spalirises as the 
king’s brother; and the gold piece bearing the name of Athama, a coin 
which is unique of its kind. 

As regards the Parthian series, there is a new and unpublished 
type of the satrap Kharahostes, and the coin which may contain the 
name of Soter Megas. This was published in my paper ‘ Two Coins 
of Soter Megas J. R. A . July, 1913. The Cabinet includes one or 
two specimens of the piece which I have attributed to Gondophares 
and Aspavarma. Apart from these coins there is nothing particu¬ 
larly noteworthy, but the Collection is thoroughly representative. 



98 


COINS OF THE INDO-SCYTHIANS 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


ZEt 

1 


2 

3 


MAXJES (MOA) 

(a) Type: Zeus and Nike; silver, round 


BAZfAEHZ BABAEflN 
MEfAAOY MAYOY 
Zeus carrying long sceptre, 
standing to 1. with r. arm out¬ 
stretched. 

W. 135. 

S. 1. 

s. m. 

W. 35. 

S. .75. 


liajatirajasa mahaiasa Moasa. 
Winged Nike to r. with wreath 
and palm. 

To r. M. 1. 

G. B. PL X. 


To r. M. 2. 

0. B. PL X- 


4 1 


(/3) Type : enthroned deity and Zeus Nikephoros; 
silver, round 


Greek legend as on No. 1. 
Enthroned deity to r, with long 
sceptre in 1. hand and r. arm out¬ 
stretched. 

W. 36. 
a *7. 


Kh. legend as on No. 1. 

Zeus with long sceptre standing 
to 1., with Nike on outstretched 
r. hand. 

To r. Kh. mi. 

To 1. Kh. ta. 

G. B. PL X. 


M 

5* 


(y) Type: elephants head and caduceus; copper, round 


In border of reels and pellets, 
elephant’s head to r. with trunk 
upraised and bell round neck; no 
legend. 

W. 130. 

S. 1. 


Caduceus. 

To r. BABAEX1S 
To L MAYOY 
M. 2. 

G. B. 


PL X. 


1 This coin is unpublished and unique. 

3 This type is modelled on that of a copper coin of Demetrios—No. 21. It is the 
commonest of the copper coins of Maues. AH the specimens known to me bear monogram M. 2. 






MATTES 


99 


As on No. 3. 


As on No. 5. 
G. 3B. 


S. M. 


(8) Type: Artemis and bull ; copper, round 

Greek legend as on No. 1. Kh. legend as on No. 1. 

Artemis radiate to r., with veil Humped bull to 1. 

floating round her head. To 1. M. 3. 

G. B. PL X. 

W. 135. 

S. 1. 


To 1. M. 2. 


S. 1. I Monogram illegible. 

(e) Type; lunar deity and Nike; copper, square 

On three sides BAZSAE.Q2 On three sides Eajatirajasa ma~ 
BA2IAEUN MEfAAOY MAY hatasa Moasa. 

OY Winged Nike to 1. with wreath 

Lunar goddess with long seep- and palm, 
tre standing to front between two To r. Kh. sa. 
star-like ornaments. To l. 2. 

PL X. 

W. 168. 

S. IX-8. 


As on No. 13, but no monogram 
to r., and to 1. M. 4. 

G. 13. 


(C) Type: enthroned Zeus and city goddess; copper, square 

Greek legend on three sides as Kh. legend on three sides as on 
on No. 13. No. 13. 

Zeus with long sceptre in 1. City goddess with turreted 
hand to 1. on throne; r. hand crown standing to front, veil in 
extended to a small radiate deity r. hand and long sceptre in 1. 
to 1. To 1. M. 4. 

G. B. PI. X. 

W. 144. 

B. *9. 




100 


IN DO-SC YIH1AN KINGS 


Metal 

Ho. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


M 

16 


(rj) Type: standing Zeus and male deity; copper, square 


Greek legend on three sides as 
on No. 13. 

Zens carrying long sceptre 
standing to 1. ■with r. arm out¬ 
stretched. 

W. 141. 

S. -95. 


Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 13. 

Male deity with pointed cap 
standing to front. 

To 1. M. 4. 

G.B. Pl.X. 


17 


(B) Type: Apollo and 

On three sides BAZI AEflZ 
MAYOY. 

Apollo standing to front with 
arrow in r. hand and bow in 1. 

To 1. TT. 

W. 35. 

S. -55. 


tripod; copper, square 

On three sides Maharajasa 
Moasa. 

• Within dotted border a tripod- 
lebes. 

G. B. 


18 


8 . *5. 




5) 

PL X. 


19 

Two coins 


8 . *5. 


3J 


JJ 


20 1 


(i) Type: Poseidon with trident and Bacchante; 
copper, square 


Greek legend on three sides as 
on No. 13. 

Poseidon standing to front with 
long trident in 1. hand and r. foot 
resting on a small radiate figure 
underneath him; r. hand on knee. 

¥. 180. 

8 . -95. 


Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 13. 

Female figure standing to front 
between trees (possibly a Bacchante 
among vines). 

To r. M. 5. 

PL X. 


21 


33 

This coin has been struck twice 
by the same die in different 
positions. 


To 1. M. 4. 


S. -95. 


1 On the smaller coins of this type Poseidon stands with right arm outstretched. 



MAUES 


101 


Metal 

Ho. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

22 

As on No. 20. 

Indistinct monogram in r. field. 

S. *8. 

As on No. 20. 

To 1. Kh, jpn. 

G. B. 


(k) Type : Poseidon with trident, thunderbolt, and Bacchante ; 


copper, square 

23 

Greek legend on three sides as 
on No. 13. 

Poseidon standing to front with 
long trident in 1. hand, and r. foot 
resting on a small radiate figure 
underneath him; hurls thunder¬ 
bolt with r. hand at a small figure 
to r. 

Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 13. 

Design as on No. 20. 

To r. Kh. a. 


W. 120. 

S. *8. 



(A) Type: Poseidon tvith thunderbolt and Bacchante; 

N 

copper, square 

24 

Greek legend on three sides as 
on No. 13. 

Poseidon as on No. 23, but 
grasps an object (possibly an 
aplustre or a palm-branch) with 
his 1. hand, to which a small figure 
is clinging, at whom he hurls 
thunderbolt with his r. hand. 

Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 13. 

Design as on No. 20. 

To 1. M. 1. 

G. B. 


W. 125. 

S. *85. 



(ji) Type: male deity with club, and goddess; copper, square 

25 

Greek legend on three sides as 
on No. 13. ' 

Male deity striding to 1. with 
flowing draperies, holding club in 
r. hand and long spear or sceptre 
in 1. Monogram to L, but illegible. 

Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 13. 

Goddess to r. with flowing 
draperies. 

Monograms deleted, 

G. B. PL X. 


W. 180. 

S. 1. 


26 

S. 1X-85. 


1535 


H 



102 


INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(v) Type: king on horseback and Nike ; copper, square 

27 

Greek legend on three sides as 
on No. 13. 

King on horseback to r. with 
couched lance. 

w. 170. 

i S. IX *8. 

! 

Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 13. 

Winged Nike to 1. with wreath 
and palm. 

To 1. M. 1. 

G. B. PL X. 


(!) Type: king on horseback and goddess; copper, square 

28 

j Greek legend on three sides as 
j on No. 13. 

I King on horseback to r. with 
| whip. 

i W. 135. 

| S. lx -85. 

Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 13. 

Goddess striding to r. with 
flying draperies ; long sceptre over 
1. shoulder. 

In r. upper field Kh. dami. 

G.B. 


(o) Type : elephant and seated king; copper, square 

29 

Greek legend on three sides as 
on No. 13. 

In square frame elephant with 
wreath in uplifted trunk running 
to r. ! 

W. 140. 

S. *9. 

Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 13. 

In square frame king to front 
seated cross-legged on raised 
cushion. 

In r. upper corner M. 1. 

30 

>> 

S. *9. 


31 

n 

S. *9. 

G. B. ” PI. X. 


(tt) Type : running elephant and bull ; copper, square 

32 

Greek legend on three sides as 
on No. 13. 

In square frame elephant to r. 
holding wreath as on No. 29. 

W. 140. 

B. *9. 

Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 13. 

Humped bull to r. 

To r. M. 1. 

G. B. Pl. X. 

38 

S. ‘95. 




MAUES 


103 


Metal 

No. 


JE 


Obverse 


Reverse 


ip) Type: elephant walking and bull ; copper, square 


34 


Greek legend on three sides as 
on No. 13. 

Elephant walking to 1. with 
trunk down. 

Inscriptions illegible. 


Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 13. 

Bull to 1. 

G. B. PL X. 


W. 130. 
S. *95. 


35 


(or) Type: horse and botu; copper , square 


Horse to r. 

Tor. BAIIAEnS 
To 1. MAYOY 

W. 66 . 

8 . * 8 . 


Bow in case. 

To r. Maharajasa. 
To 1. Moasa. 

To 1. M. 2. 


Pl. X. 


Unrepresented types: 

(i) The biga type of silver coin 

known in the didrachm, hemi- 
drachm, and square hemi- 
drachm sizes, all now in the 
B. M. 

Cunningham, Pl. II. 1, 2, 8. 

The square hemidrachm is the 
only known square silver coin 
of the Indo-Scythians. 

(ii) Mounted horseman. 

Cunningham, PL II. 7. 

Round M 

(iii) Herakles. 

Cunningham, Pl. II. 9. 

Round M 

(iv) Standing male figure with ankus. 
Cunningham, PL II. 13. M 
Two specimens in B. M. 

(v) Zeus Nikephoros enthroned; be¬ 

fore him forepart of elephant 
with upraised trunk. JE 

JB. M. Cat , p. 70, No. 14. 

Design taken from that on the 
silver coins of Antialkidas. 

(vi) As type (6), but full-sized coin 

with the usual bilingual legends 
in their entirety. M 

In B. M. 

Imitated from type (c) of Strato I. 


Deity with shield or wheel. 


Lion. 


Herakles. 


XC 2 



104 


INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Eeverse 


AZES 


(1) Type : mounted king with spear and standing Zeus; 

M 

silver, 

round 

m 

BASIAEUS BAXIAEHN 

Mahamjasa mjarajasa maha- 


MErAAOY AZOY 

fasa Ayasa. 


Mounted king to r. holding 

Zeus standing to 1. with long 


couched spear. In ex. Kh. letter 

sceptre in 1. hand, and r. arm 


(indistinct). 

outstretched. 


Known in this size only. 

To r. Kh. math. 

To 1. M. 6. 


W. 142. 

8 . M. 

G. B. PL XL 


(2) Type: mounted king with spear and standing Zeus 


brandishing thunderbolt ; silver, round 

37 

As on No. 36. 

Kh. legend as on No. 36. 

Zeus standing to front with 


8 . L 

long sceptre in 1. hand and 
brandishing thunderbolt with r. 

To r. Kh. a. 

To 1. M. 7. 

G. B. 

m 

55 

57 


In ex. Kh. sa. 

W. 145. 

8 . 1*1. 

G. B. PI. XI. 

39 

7? 

7} 


W. 36. 

S. *7. 

G. B. 

40 

75 

77 


S. *6. 

PI. XI. 


(3) Type : mounted king with spear and standing Zeus 


holding thunderbolt ; silver, round 

41 

As on No. 36. 

Kh. legend as on No. 36. 


In ex. Kh. ba. 

Zeus standing to front with long 
sceptre in 1. hand and holding 


W- 150. 

thunderbolt in r. hand. 


8 . 1*1. 

To r. Kh. a. 

To 1. M. 7. 




AZES 


105 


Metal 

3STo. 


M 

42 


43 


44 


45 


40 


47 


43 


49 

50 


51 


52 


53 


Obverse 


As on No. 41. 

8. M. 

S* 1*1. 

In ex. Kh. sot. 
S. M. 

Ex. blank. 

S. M. 

3 ! 

S. 1*1. 


W. 36. 
S. *65. 


S. *7. 


Same type but different style; 
ep. B. M . Cta., PL XVII 9. 

W. 150. 

8 . 1 . 


8 . 1 . 


S. 1. 


W. 36. 
8 . -7. 


(looped) 


Reverse 


As on No. 41. 


G. B. 


G. B. 


G. B. 


G. B. 


To r. Kh. m. 
To 1. M. 8. 


To r. Kh. lo. 


To r. Kh. dhra. 


PL XI. 


PI. XI. 



106 


INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


(4) Type ; mounted king with whip and standing Zeus 

A 

Nikephoros ; 

silver, round 

54 

Greek legend as on No. 36. 
Mounted king to r., holding 
whip in r. hand. 

To r. Kh. a. 

To 1 . Kh. sa. 

W. 152. 

S. 1. 

Kh. legend as on No. 36. 

Zeus standing to 1. with long 
sceptre in 1. hand and Nike on 
outstretched r. hand. 

To r. Kh. ra. 

To 1. M. 9. 

55 

j? 

To r. Kh sam alone, 

S. 1. 

j? 

To r. additional mon. M. 10. 

G. B. 

56 

j? 

To r. Kh. gra. 

S. 1. 

PI. XL 

57 

J5 

To r. indistinct monogram. 

S. 1. 


58 

To r. Kh. sma. 

8. 1 . 

G. B. 

50 

?> 

To r. Kh. m 

S. *9. 

j? 

but instead of Kh. ra is Kh. hi. 

60 

j? 

To r. Kh. va, 

8. *9. 

3J 

81 

To r. Kh. la. 

S. *9. 

fj 

but instead of M. 9 is M. 11. 



AZES 


107 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 



62 

As on No. 54. 

To r. Kh. monogram. 

S. *95. 

Kh. legend as on No. 36, but 
rajatirajasa instead of rajarajasa. 
As on No. 54. 

To r. M. 10 and Kh. dkra. 

To 1. M. 12. 

63 

To r. Kh. monogram. 

S. 1. 

As on No. 54. 

To r. Kh. sam. 

To 1. M. 13. 

G. B. 

64 

vs 

To r. Kh. mi. 

S. L 

V 

To r. Kh. dhra and o. 

To 1. Kh. om and M. 3 3. 

65 

To r. Kli. ta. 

S. -9. 

55 

To r. Kh. bra and sa. 

To 1. Kh. he. 

G. B. 

66 

Three coins 

5? 

To r. Kh. a. 

W- 36. 

S. *6. 

As on No. 54. 

67 


st 

Two coins 

To r. M. 13. 

G. B. 

68 

Two coins 

To r. Kh. da. ” 

As on No. 55. 

69 

' J 3 

To r. Kh. me. 


70 

Two coins 

ys 

To r. Kh. 


71 

To r. Kh. ta. 

»> 



108 


IND0-SOYTHXAN KINGS 


Metal 

Wo. 


A 

72 


73 


74 

Three coins 


75 


76 


77 


78 

Two coins 


79 


80 


81 

Four coins 


82 


83 

Two coins 


Obverse 


Reverse 


As on No. 54. 
To r. Kb. ;;m. 


As on No. 55. 


To r. Kb. ha. 


but Kb. dfvra instead of Kb. ra. 


To r. Kb. 5a. ” 


•» 


99 

To r. Kb. ma. 


As on No. 61, but Kb. a instead 
of Kb. hu. 


99 

To r. Kb. sa. 


As on No. 61, but Kb. na instead 
of Kb. hu. 


Tor.M. 14. 


As on No. 54. 

To r. additional mon. Kb. m. 


To r. Kb. ca. 


As on No. 54. 

To r. additional mon. Kb. a. 


To r. Kb. ha and ri. 
To 1. M. 9. 


To r. O. 


To r. Kb. monogram. 
To 1. M. 9. 


To r. Kb. u. 


pi 


To r. Kb. ra and fa. 
To 1. M. 9. 


To r, Kb. mi. 


pp 

Additional monogram to r. A. 


To r. Kb. sa. 


ip 


Pi 



AZES 


109 


f d 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

84 

As on No. 54. 

To r. Kh. mi. 

As on No. 54. 

To r. M. 15 and Kh. jham. 

85 

To r. Kh. sa. 

3? 

86 

Five coins 

To r. Kh. bu. 

3 3 

To r. Kh. sam. 

To 1. M. 16. 

87 

Four coins 

33 

To r. Kh. cam. 

33 

88 

Five coins 

To r. Kh. de. 

33 

89 

a 

To r. Kh. sa. 

33 

90 

Two coins 

To r. Kh. sam. 

33 

To r. Kh. dhra and a. 

To 1. M. 16. 

91 

To r. Kh. mi. 

3? 

92 

To r. Kh. de. ” 

33 

93 

?? 

To r. Kh. im. 

. rH 

f4 r-4 
© o 

EH Eh 

94 

33 

To r. Kh. bra. 

To r, Kh. a. 

To 1. M. 16. 

95 

To r. Kh. la. ” 

! 4 

33 

To r. Kh. si and A. 

To 1. M. 16. 



110 


INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal • 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

96 

As on No. 54. 

To r. Kh. ha. 

As on No. 54. 

To r. Kh. monograms. 

97 

Two coins 

Tor.Kli.de. ” 

To r. Kh. a and 8. 

To 1. M. 16. 

98 

To r. Kh. ha. 

>5 

99 

Two coins 

To r. Kh. ha. ” 

but instead of Kh. a is Kh. am. 

100 

Two coins 

1 

To r. Kh. hu. 

?5 

101 

To r. Kh. sa. 

r> 

102 

To r. Kh. ta. 


108 

Three coins 

To r. Kh. la. 

31 

To r. Kh. ma and sa. 

To 1. M. 16. 

104 

To r. Kh. de. 

To r. Kh. hti. 

To 1. M. 12. 

105 

Two coins 

To r. Kh. sa. 

As on No. 62. 

106 

Four coins 

)) 

but instead of M. 10 is M. 17. 

107 

J> 

To r. Kh. monogram. 

33 




AZES 


111 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

108 

As on No. 54. 

To r. Kh. de. 

As on No. 106. 

109 

To r. K3i. ha. 

55 

110 

Two coins 

5 5 

To r. Kh. <pra. 

As on No. 54. 

To r. M. 12. 

To 1. A and Kh. dhra. 

111 

To r. Kh. ga. 

but instead of A is Kh. jha. 

112 

5? 

To r. Kh. sam. 

5? 

but instead of A is 8. 

118 

To r. Kh. de. 

To r. Kh. so. 

To 1. 

114 

55 

To r. Kh. sam. 

55 

To r. additional mon. M. 13. 

116 

5? « 

To r. Kh. sa. 

5? 

ne 

55 

To r. Kh. ham. 

55 

but instead of M. 13 is M. 16. 

117 

To r. Kh. na. 

55 

G. B. 

118 

To r. Kh. ta. 

To r. M. 10, IT, and Kh. a. 

To 1. M. 11. 

119 

To r. Kh. de. 

To r. 8 and Kh. a. 



113 


INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

120 

Two coins 

As on No. 54. 

To r. Kh. hu. 

As on No. 54. 

To r. Kh. sam. 

To 1. M. 18. 

G. B. 

121 

To r. Kli. m . 

33 

122 

To r. Kh. sa* 

PI. XL 

123 

33 

As on No. 64. 

124 

Two coins 

To r. Kh. pm. 

As on No. 54, but Zeus has a 
different head-dress, possibly a 
helmet. 

To r. Kh. monogram. 

To 1. M. 9. 

125 

live coins 

jj 

To r. Kh. monogram. 

To r. 8 and Kh. m. 

126 

Ten coins 

Similar to Nos. 124 and 125. J 

PI. XI. 


(5) Type : mounted king with spear and Pallas with 
thunderbolt; silver, round 

127 

BAIIAEni BASlAEflN 
MErAAEJY AZDY 

Kang on horseback to r. holding 
couched lance. 

W. 141. 

S. 1-05. 

Maharajasa mjarajasa maha¬ 
tma* Ayasa . 

Pallas to 1. with aegis and 
thunderbolt. 

To r. Kh. a. 

To 1. M. 19. 

G. B. PL XI. 

128 

33 

8. 1. 

3? 

129 

33 

8. M. 

33 



AZES 


113 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

ISO 

As on No. 127. 

S. 14. 

As on No. 127. 

G.B. 

1SI 

3) 

In ex. Kb. pri. 

S. 1-05. 

33 

182 

33 

S. 14. 

33 

133 

3’ 

In ex. Kb. si. 

S. 14. 

3* 

1S4 

33 

No Kb. monogram. 

8. 1. 

33 

1S5 

S. 145. 

33 

186 

To r. Kb. da. 

8. 1*05. 

To r. M. 16. 

G.B. 

IS 7 

| 33 

To r. Kb. pri. 

S. 1. 

33 

IS 8 

1 

As on No. 127. 

W. 35. 

8. *65. 

As on No. 127. 

G. B. 

IS 9 

To r. Kb. ga. 

8. *65. 

33 

140 

As on No. 127. 

. 8. *7. 

As on No. 136. 

141 

To r. Kb. da. 

S. -65. 

33 

142 

'wo coins 

33 

To r. Kh. pri. 

33 


PL XI. 



114 

INDO-SCYTHIAN 

KINGS 

Metal 

Wo. 

Obverse 

Keverse 

JR 

143 

Two coins 

As on No. 127. 

To r. Kh. sa. 

As on No. 136. 

144 

To r. Kli. ga. 

jj 


(6) Type: mounted king with whip and Pallas standing 
to left; silver, round 

145 

BAZlAEnZ BAE1AE0N 
MEfAAOY AZOV 

King on horseback to r. holding 
whip in r. hand. 

To r. Kh. ga. 

W. 143. 

S. i. 

Maharajasa rajarajasa maha- 
tasa Ayasa. 

Pallas standing to 1. with shield 
on I. side and r. arm outstretched 
to 1. 

To r. M. 20. 

To 1. Kh. a. 

G. B. H. XL 

146 

) 5 

To r. Kh. sam . 



W. 35. 

S. *65. 


147 

8 . *65. 

) j 

148 

As on No. 145. 

8 . *7. 

G. B. ” PL XI. 


(7) Type; mounted Icing with whip and Pallas standing 
to right with outstretched arm; silver , round 

149 

As on No. 145. 

To r. Kh. ri or ti. 

W. 140. 

8 . *95. 

Kh. legend as on No. 145. 

Pallas standing to r. with r. 
arm outstretched and shield and 
spear on 1. side. 

To r. M. 12. 

To 1. A and Kh. ri. 

150 

8 . *95. 




AZES 


115 


Metal 

No. 


A 

151 

152 


158 


154 

155 


156 


157 


158 

159 


160 

161 

102 

108 

104 

105 


Obverse 


As on No, 149. 

To r. another Kh. monogram. 

S. *95. 

As on No. 149. 

S. 1 . 

To r. Kh. la. 

a i. 

To r. Kh. sa. 

a i. 

To r. Kh. so. 

a i. 


To r. Kh. sa. 
W. 35. 

a *6. 

To r. Kh. la. 
a *65. 

33 

To r. Kh. da. ” 
To r. Kh. tha. ” 
To r. Kh. de. 


Reverse 


As on No. 149, but rajatirajasa'. 
To r. M. 16. 

To 1. M. 21. 


To r. M. 22. 

To 1. 4> and M. 15. 

G. B. 


)} 

To 1. M. 15 alone. 
G. B. 


As on No. 149. 

To r. M. 26. 

To 1. M. 23. 

G. B. PL XL 


To r. M. 11. 

To 1. M. 24. 

PI. XI. 


)} 


G.B. 


33 

G. B. 


33 

G. B. 


To r. M. 25. 
To 1. M. 19. 
G 



116 

INDO-SCYTHIAN 

KINGS 

Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Eeverse 

M 

100 

(8) Type: 'mounted king with whip and Pallas standing 
| to r. ; silver, round 

As on No. 145. 

To r. Kh. ha. 

W. 34. 

8 . *6. 

As on No. 145, but r. arm is by 
side. 

To r. M. 26. 

To L M. 23. 

G. B. Pi. XL 


Didrachm also known. 
Cunningham, Coins of the Sahas, 
PL V. 13. 



(9) Type: mounted king with whip and Pallas crowning 
herself; silver, round 

167 

108 

As on No. 145. 

To r. Kh. sam. 

W. 36. 

8. *7. 

Also in didrachm size, B.M.Gat, 
Pl. XYIII. 4 ; very rare. 

Kh. legend as on No. 145. 

Pallas standing to front with 
shield on 1. arm and spear at her 
back ; she crowns herself with her 
r. hand. 

To r. M. 7. 

To 1. Kh. monogram. 

100 

170 

77 

To r. M. 19. 

To 1. Kh. a. 

171 

37 

73 

G. B. 

172 

37 

To r. M. 24. 

To 1. same Kh. monogram as on 
No. 167. 

PL XL 

173 

3) 

jj 

G. B. 

174 

To r. Kh. so. ” 

G. B. 




AZES 


117 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

175 

Two coins 

As on No. 167. 

To r. Kh. la. 


As on No. 167. 

G. B. 

170 

3) 

but without aksara. 


99 

G. B. 


(10) Type : mounted Icing with ivhip and Poseidon 
standing to r.; silver, round 

177 

As on No. 145. 

To r. Kh. pra. 

W. 148. 

S. -95. 


Kh. legend as on No. 145. 
Poseidon holding long trident 
standing to r. with r. arm out¬ 
stretched. 

To r. Kh. si. 

To 1. M. 27. 

PI. XI. 

178 

W. 34. 

8 . -6. 


G. B. ” PL XI. 


(11) Type: 

mounted Icing with spear and goddess 
with palm; silver, round 

170 

BAIIAEjCIX BASIAEUN 
MEfAAOY AZOY 

King on horseback to r. holding 
couched lance. 

W. 142. 

8 . 1*05. 

Maharajasa rajarajasa maha~ 
iasa Ayasa. 

Goddess to 1. with palm in 1. 
hand and flames on outstretched 
r. hand. 

To r. Kh. mi. 

To 1. M. 28 and Kh. dhra. 

G. B. PI. XI. 

180 

181 

99 

8 . 1*1. 


99 

182 

15S5 

To r. Kh. dhm. 

S. 1. 


To r. Kh. sa. 

To 1. M. 27. 

G. B. 

i 



118 


INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 



188 

As on No. 179. 

¥, 35. 

S. *65. 

As on No. 179. 

PL XL 

184 


S7 


S. *6. 

To r. Kh. si. 

To 1. M. 11. 

G. B. 


(12) Type : Zeus and Mice; silver, round 

185 

BAIIAEnS BASIAEnN 

Maliarajasa rajarajasa maha- 


MErAAOY AZOY 

tasa Ayasa. 


Zeus standing to 1. with long 

Winged Nike to r. with palm 


sceptre in 1. hand and r. arm out- 

and wreath. 


stretched. 

Known in this size only. 

1. 36. 

a *7. 

To r. M. 29. 

186 


G. B. 

187 


G. B. ” PL XL 


(13) Type: king seated cross-legged and Hermes; 


copper, round 

JE 



188 

BAZIAEnS BASlAEnN 

Maharajasa rajarajasa maha- 


MErAADY AZOY 

tasa Ayasa. 


King seated cross-legged to 

Hermes with caduceus in 1. hand 


front on raised cushion with head 

walking to 1. with r. arm out- 


turned to 1. ; sword or mace 

stretched. 


across body, and ankus in out- 

To r. M. 10 and Kh. ra. 


stretched r. hand. 

To r. Kh. m. 

S. -85. 

To 1. M. 9. 

189 

To 1. Kh. %yra. 

a -9. 

)) 



AZES 


119 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

190 

As on No. 189. 

As on No. 188. 

191 

S. -9. 

33 

Instead of M. 1 0 is A . 

S3 

Two coins 

g a -9. 

192 

33 

33 


S. *9. 

To r. Kh. ra alone. 

199 

' 3? 


194 

To 1. Kh. gra. 

G. B. 

195 

S. -95. 

S3 


To 1. Kh. monogram. 

PL XL 

196 

¥. 170. 

S. 1*15. 

3) 

33 


To 1. Kh. ku. 

To r. M. 10 and Kh. a. 

197 

a *9. 

3? 

G. B. 

198 

a i. 

33 


199 

S. *9. 

To r. Kh. de alone. 

200 

33 



To 1. Kh. monogram. 

G. B. 

201 

g, *95. 

33 

As on No. 188. 

202 

To 1. Kh. jkam . 

To r. Kh. earn. 


a *95. 

To 1. M. 18. 

G. B. 


I 2 



120 

INDO-SCYTHIAN 

KINGS 

Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

JR 

203 

As on No. 188. 

To 1. symbol 

As on No. 201. 

G. B. 


S. -95. 


204 

To 1. Kh.#a. ” 

S. *85. 

As on No. 188. 

To r. Kk. ha and M. 10. 

To L M. 21. 

G. B. 

205 

Two coins 

jj 

S. *85. 

jj 

206 

m 

00 

Gi 

jj 

207 

J 3 

S. *7. 

jj 

208 

Two coins 

jj 

S. *75. 

jj 


(14) Type: enthroned Demeter and Hermes; copper, round 

209 

Greek legend as on No. 188. 
Demeter seated on throne, r. 
arm extended, 1. hand holding 

cornncopiae. 

; ¥. 200. 

8. M. 

Kh. legend as on No. 188. 
Hermes to left, r. arm extended, 
cadnceus in 1. hand. 

To r. M. 24. 

To 1. Kh. monogram. 

G. B. 

210 

211 

JJ 

8 . 1*1. 

jj 

G. B. 

,212 

Two coins 

jj 

8 . 1. 

jj 

G.B. 

213-216 

jj 

8 . 1*1. 

JJ 

217 

jj 

B. 1*15. 

PL XI. 



AZES 


121 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(15) Type : Hermes and standing Demeter ; copper, round 

218 

Greek legend as on No. 188. 

Kh. legend as on No. 188 


Hermes standing to 1. with 

Demeter with cornucopiae 


cadncens in 1. hand and r. arm 

standing to 1. 


extended. 

To r. Kh. ha. 


To 1. M. 13. 

S. -8. 

To 1. M. 9. 

PI. XII. 

219 

; Cp. 3. M. Cat” PL XIX. 3. 

S. -75. 

55 


(16) Type: lion and standing Demeter; copper, round 

220 

Barbarous Greek legend as on 

Kh. legend as on No. 188. 

Two coins 

No. 188. 

Demeter with cornucopiae 


Lion walking to r. 

standing to 1. 


In upper field 0. 

S. -75. 

To r. Kh. a. 

To 1. M. 9. 

221 


3? 


S. -7. 

To r. Kh. ti. 

222 

55 

33 


S. -8. 

To r, Kh. m. 

Pl. XII. 

223 

8. *75. 

35 

224 

5? 

8. .7. 

33 

225 

35 

33 


S. -75. 

To r. Kh. ru. 

226 


>3 


S. *75. 

To r. Kh. ha and A. 

227 


As on No. 220. 

Three coins 

8. *7. 




122 


INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

228 

Three coins 

As on No. 220. 

In upper field Kh. monogram. 

As on No. 220. 

To r. Kh. vL 


S. *6. 


229 

Two coins 

W, 33. 

S. *6. 

S3 

To r. Kh. sam. 

G. B. 

230 

a 

8. *6. 

33 


(17) Type: mounted king with title dhramikasa, and standing 
Demeter; copper, round 

281 

Greek legend as on No. 188, but 
barbarous. 

King with whip on horseback 

to r. 

To r. M. 30. 

W. 145. 

8. *85. 

Maharajasa mahatasa dhrami¬ 
kasa rajatirajasa Ayasa. 

Demeter standing to front with 
r. arm extended and cornucopiae 
in 1. hand. 

To r. Kh. mon. segasa. 

Pi. XII. 

232-237 


33 

238-240 

33 

33 

G. B. 


(18) Type: Poseidon and Bacchante; copper, square 

241 1 

On three sides BAXIAEflS 
BASIAEflN MEfAAOY AZOV 

Poseidon standing to front with 
long trident in 1. hand and r. foot 
on shoulder of a small figure to 1 .; 
r. hand rests on knee. 

W. 170. 

S. M. 

On three sides Maharajasa 
rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa, 
Female figure standing to front 
between trees (possibly Bacchante 
among vines). 

To 1. M. 29. 

G.B. 


1 Coins of this type seem commonly to have been restruck on suitable issues of the Greek 
kings. In this Collection there are two specimens restruck on coins of Apollodotos (type 
B. M. Cat., PL X. 6) and Hippostratos respectively, while in the British Museum there is 
a specimen restruck on a large Hippostratos copper coin of type B. M. Cat, PI. XIV. 8. 



AZES 


123 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

242 

243 

As on No. 241. 

S. 1. 

As on No. 241. 

G. B. 

244 

,, 

This coin has been restruck on 
a large coin of Apollodotos of type 
Cunningham, Coins of Alexander s 
Successors, PL IX. 11, an&B.M.Cat, \ 
PI. X. 6. 

n 

G. B. 


8 . 1-1. 


245 

As on No. 241. 

8 . 1-05. 

G.B. 

j 

246 

J5 

This coin has been restruck 
on a large coin of Hippostratos 
of type B. M. Cat, Pl. XIV. 6. 

G. B. 


S' IX 1-2. 


247 

248 

As on No. 241. 

S. 1. 

j* 

249’ 

S. *9. 

5> 


(19) Type: male deity with club, and goddess; copper, square 

250 

Greek legend as on No. 241. 

Male deity striding to 1. with 
flowing draperies, club in r. hand 
and long sceptre in 1. 

Cp. B „ M. Cat , p. 89, No. 185, 
and type (f) of Maues. | 

Kb. legend as on No. 241. 
Goddess to r. with flowing 
draperies. 

To r. M. 29. 


S. *75. 




124 


ENDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Eeverse 

M 

(20) Type: mounted Icing and Pallas ; copper, round 

251 

Barbarous Greek legend. 

King with whip on horseback 
to r. 

Kh. monograms him and lam . 

W. 145. 

S. -8. 

Maharajasa rajatirajasa maha- 
tasa Ayasa. 

Pallas, armed, standing to r. 

To r. M. 16. 

To 1. M. 31 and Kh. dha. 

252 

As on No. 251, but different 
Kh, monograms. 

PL XII. 

253 

?? 

S. *5. 

G. B. 


(21) Type ; Heraldes and horse; copper, square 

254 1 

On three sides BAXIAEH2E 
BAIIAEIIN MEfTAAOY 

AZOY] 

Herakles standing to front with 
club and lion’s skin in 1. hand, 
and wreath in r. hand with which 
he is crowning himself. 

To 1. M. 32. 

On three sides Kh. legend, only 
partly visible, as on No. 241. 

Horse standing to r. Above it, 
Kh. mi. 

G. B. PL XII. 


W. 145. 

S. *9. 



(22) Type: mounted Jdng and seated Heraldes; 


copper, square 

255 

1 

In square frame mounted king 
to r. holding couched lance. 

To 1. BAIIAEUZ 

Above, BAIiAEflN 

Tor. MEfAAOY 

Below, AZOY 

w. no. 

S. *85. 

In square frame Herakles seated 
to 1. on rock with club resting on 
knee. 

On three sides Maharajasa 
mahatasa Ayasa. 

To r. M. 1. 

PL XII. 


1 This coin belongs to one of the types common to Azes and Azilises. I have published 
a coin of this type exhibiting both names, Azilises in Greek and Azes in Kharosthi—N. S. XIV. 



AZES 


125 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


(23) Type ; mounted Icing and standing Heraldes ; 

M 

copper , square 

256 

In square frame mounted king 

In square frame Herakles stand- 


to r. Greek legend, probably as 

ing to front with club and lion’s 


on No. 255. 

skin in 1. hand, and crowning 


This is coin No. 127 on p. 36 

himself with wreath in r. 


of the Rodgers Catalogue. It is 

To r. Maharajasa. 


still unique. 

Above, \rajarajasa\. 

To 1. mahatasa. 


¥, 58. 

Below, Ayasa. 


S. -7. 

R. Kh. monogram. 

L. Kh. set. 

Pl. XII. 


(24) Type : bull and lion ; copper, round 

257 

BAZIAEni BAZIAEHN 

Maharajasa rajatirajasa maha- 

MEfAAOY AZOY 

tasa Ayasa. 


Humped bull to r. 

Lion (or leopard) to r. 


In upper field M. 19. 

W. 220. 

S. 1. 

In upper field M. 25. 

G. B. 

258 


33 

259 

In upper field M. 1 5 , and to r. 

In upper field M. 22. 


Kh. jha. 

S. 1*05. 

G. B. 

260 

33 

33 


In upper field M. 23, and to r. 

In upper field M. 26. 


Kh. monogram. 

8 . 1*1* 

G. B. 

261 

33 

33 

262 

S. 1*1. 


263 

33 

33 

264 

In upper field M. 24, and to r. 

In upper field Kh. mon. sad. 


Kh. monogram. 

S. 1-15. 

G. B. PI. xn 



126 


INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

265 

Two coins 

As on No. 263. 

S. 14. 

As on No. 263. 

280 

287 

55 

g„ M. 

33 

288 

5 J 

s 8 1 * 1 . 

As on No. 257. 

In upper field M. 11. 

289 

270 

55 

fi» L 

33 

271 

5> 

In upper field M. 28. and to r.i 

Kh. tu 

In upper field M. 33. 

G. R. 


8. 14. 

I 


272 

273 

» 

8. 1*1. 

33 

274 

To r. IOi. ha. 

33 


a 1 . 


275 

35 

In upper field M. 33. 

)» 

In upper field Kh. mon. sram. 


a i. 


270 

277 

To r. Kh. si. 

33 


a 1 . 


278 

As on No. 263. 

W. 107. » 

S. 1. 

As on No. 268. 

G. B. 



AZES 


127 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

279 

As on No. 257. 

In upper field M. 24. 

¥. 108. 

S. *8. 

As on No. 257. 

In upper field M. 22. 

G. B. 

280 

As on No. 275. 

As on No. 275. 


S. *8. 


281 

282 

33 

To r. Kh. pra. 

Restruck. 

33 

In upper field M. 31, and to r. 
Kh. ra. 


S. *8. 



(25) Type: elephant and hull; copper, round 

288 

Greek legend as on No. 257. 
Elephant walking to r. 

In upper field Kh. a. 

W. 210. 

S. 1. 

Maharajasa mjarajasa maha- 
tasa Ayasci. 

Humped bull to r. 

In upper field M. 19 and Kh. a. 

284 

285 

33 

S. 1. 

33 

G. B. 

286 

287 

33 

No Kh. monogram. 

In upper field M. 19 and M. 28. 


S. M. 


288 

W. 110. 

S. -85. 

PL XII. 

289 

W. 100. 

S. *9. 

33 



128 


INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(26) Type : elephant and bull ; copper, square 

289 a 

Fragmentary Greek legend. 
Elephant to r. 

This coin is more probably an 
issue of Azes than of Manes or of 
Azilises. It differs from B. M. Cat ., 
PL XIX. 12. 

- ra[ja]sa rajatira[jd]sa - 

Bull to 1. 


W. 23. 

S. *55 X *45. 



(27) Type : mounted king and bull ; copper, square 

290 

King on horseback to r. holding 
couched lance. 

To 1. BASSAEUE 

Above, BAZiAEflN 

Tor. MEFAAOY 

Below, AZOY 

Also known in smaller sizes. 

Bull to r. 

To r. Maharajasa. 

Above, rajarajasa. 

To 1. mahatasa. 

Below, Ayasa. 

In upper field M. 19 and Kh. a. 


W- 187. 

S. *9. 


291 

)) i 

S. *9. i 

33 

G. B. 

292 

293 

To r. Khu Si, 

S. -9. 

33 

In upper field M. 19 and M. 28. 
G. B. PI. XII. 

294-297 

?> 

To r. Kh, sa. 

33 

In upper field M. 15. 


s. -9. 


298 

299 

As on No. 290. 

S. *85. 

As on No 294. 

To r. additional Kh, dhra . 

300 

As on No. 294. 

Eestruck. 

As on No. 294. 


S. -9. 



AZES 


129 


Metal 

Wo. 


M 

301 


302 


303 


304 


305 


306 

307 

308 


Obverse 

Reverse 

As on No. 290. 

As on No. 294. 


Above, rajatirajasa. 

S. *9. 

G. B. 

33 

As on No. 290. 

W. 186. 

Kb. legend on three sides only. 

S. -9. 

G. B. 

33 

3? 

S. IX *9. 



(28) Type: mounted king and hull; copper, round 

As on No. 290, but round coin. As on No. 290. 

PI. X3L 

W. 288. 

S. 1-15. 


(29) Type: king on Bactrian camel, and yak; copper, square 


King on two-bumped camel to 
r. with axe in extended r. band 
and bow in case behind bim. 

To 1. BALIAEflZ 
Above, BAEIAEflN 
To r. MEf AAOY 
Below, AZOV 

W. 205. 

S. -95. 


Yak to r. 

On three sides Mahamjasa 
rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa. 

To r. M. 8. 

G. B. PL XII 


S. 1. 

S. 1*05. 


jj 


33 


33 


33 


(30) Type: Laksmi and bull; copper, round 


BASIAEaX BAZIAEilN 
MErAAOY AZOY 
Goddess Laksmi standing to 
front with flower in raised r. hand. 
To 1. complex Kh. monogram. 
To r. M. 28. 

W. 160. 

S. 1. 


Makarajasa rajatirajasa maha¬ 
tasa Ayasa, 

Humped bull to r. 

To r. Kb. vi. 

Pl. XII. 



130 


INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(31) Type ; Hephaistos and lion; copper, square 

809 

On three sides Greek legend as 
on No. 308, the word AZOV 
plainly visible to r. 

Deity (Hephaistos, cp. No. 371) 
standing to front. 

ToL M. 11. 

In very poor condition—see 
Cunningham, Coins of the Sahas, 
PI. VI. 7. 

On three sides Kh. legend as on 
No. 305. 

Lion to r. 


00 «<! 



(32) Type: mounted king and Pallas, with name of 
Aspavarma; copper, round 

810 1 

BAIlAEfll BAZIAEflN 
MEFAA0Y AZOY 

Mounted king with whip to r. 

To r. Kh. age. 

W. 160. 

8. -8. 

Indravarmaputrasa Aspavar- 
masa strategasa jayatasa. 

Armed Pallas to r. 

To r. M. 28. 

To 1. M. 31. 

G. B. 

811 

812 

As on No. 310, but under the 
horse additional Kh. dha. 

Gr. B. 


S. -8. 


818 

As on No. 310. 

55 


S. *8. 


sm 

a 

S. -8. 

?? 

To 1. additional Kh. hha . 

818 

W. 147. 

8. *85. 

To L additional Kh. ga. 


1 The name of Azes is found on the Greek side, the side of honour, but is absent from the 
Kharosthi side. There is instead an inscription to the effect that the coin is the issue of 
Aspavarma, son of Indrayarma, the victorious general. Aspavarma was apparently an Indian 
general and subordinate niler of the suzerain monarch Azes. A reference is invited to coins 
Nos. 35-87 of the coins of the Indo-Parthians in this Catalogue, which I have attributed to 
Aspavarma as the strategos of Gondopharnes. 



AZES 


131 


Metal 

No. 


M 

316 


317 


Obverse 


As on No. 310, but under horse 
indistinct monogram. 

S. -8. 


As on No. 310. 

W. 151. 

8 . *85. 


Eeverse 


As on No. 310. 


To 1. Kh. da. 


PL XXL 


318 


35 

S. *8. 


To 1. Kh. mo. 


53 


Unrepresented types : 

(i) Mounted king with spear. 
Didrachm only. Cunningham, 
Coins of the SaJcas, PL V. 1. 
Now in B. M. 

(ii) Elephant. 

Bodleian Collection. 

Small sq. M 

(iii) As type (24), but square M. 

B. M. 

(iv) Mounted king. 

I. M . Cat, PI. IX. 3. Sq. M 

(v) King seated, as on type (13). 

J. M. Cat , p. 48, No. 75. M 

(vi) Mounted king. 

N. S. XIV. Sq. M 

(vii) Mounted king. 

Mr.Vincent Smith, 'Numismatic 

Notes and Novelties*, J.A.S.B . 

Rect. JE 


Winged Victory to 1. 

Lion. 

Lion. 

Pallas facing. 

Zeus Nikephoros, as on type (4). 
Thundering Pallas. 



132 


INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Beverse 


AZES AND 

AZILISES 


(a) Type : goddess with palm; silver , round 

M 

319 1 

BAISAEfll BASiAEflN 
MEfAAOY AZOY 

King r. on horseback; holds 
couched lance. 

Cp. B. if. Cat, PL XXXII. 9. 

W. 151. 

S. 1. 

Kh. legend Maliarajasa raja- 
rajasa mahatasa Ayilisasa. 

Goddess standing to 1.; holds 
in r. hand flames and in 1. palm 
bound with fillet. 

Kh. mi in r. field; in 1. field 
Kh. sam and M. 28. 

PL XIII. 


Unrepresented types : 



(i) As on No. 319, but AZI Al XOY 

instead of AZOY. 

Cunningham, Coins of the Sakas, 
PI. VII. 2. 

Didrachm. Now in B. M. M 

(ii) Similar to (i), but king holds 

whip. 

B. Jf. Cat, PI. XX. 3. 

Hemidrachm. JR 

(iii) Herakles with wreath, club, and 

lion’s skin ; legend as on (i). 

N. S. XIV. Cp. Nos. ^254, 357. 

Beet. M 

Pallas hurling thunderbolt to 1. 
Kh. legend as on No. 319, but Ayasa 
instead of Ayilisasa. 

Zeus Nikephoros; Kh. legend as 
on (i). 

Horse ; legend as on (i). 


1 This coin is of the common type of the silver currency of Azilises and is also of 
a well-known silver type of Azes. The reverse design is that of a standing female figure 
with knotted hair. She does not wear a mural crown. Sir A. Cunningham remarks in 
his Coins of the SaMs that it is very doubtful for whom this female figure is intended. 
Professor H. H. Wilson calls her Victory, while Professor Gardner suggests a city (B. Jf. Cat), 
Cunningham himself inclined to Demeter, or Tyche (Fortune). The object held on the 
outstretched right hand is regarded as uncertain by Cunningham and Gardner; Mr. Vincent 
Smith suggests a brazier with fire (I. Jf. Cat, vol. i). A comparison with the gold coins 
of Huvishka on which the deity Pharro is depicted, e. g. B. Jf. Cat, PI. XXVIII. 26, will, 
I think, leave little doubt that the object is a representation of flames, possibly issuing from 
some such receptacle as a brazier, if not from the hand itself. 

In connexion with the joint coinage of Azes and Azilises, I may mention the theory of 
G. Hoffmann —Auszuge aus syrischen Aktenpersischer Martyrer, Leipzig, 1880, p. 142—that the names 
are the same, one being a contraction of the other. He apparently was led to this erroneous 
conclusion because he did not recognize the existence of what is really a joint type. Such 
types are well known in the Indo-Greek series, e. g. joint types of Lysias and Antialkidas, of 
Vonones and his relatives, and of SpalirhSes and Azes. 



AZ1LISES 


133 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Ke verse 


AZILISES 

M 

(a) Type ; mounted king and standing Zeus ; silver, round 

320 

BASIAEIIS BAZIAEJQN 
MEfAAOY AZIAI20Y 

King on horseback r., holding 
ankus in r. hand; behind Mm 
bow. 

In r. field M. 34. 

W. 150. 

S. 1. 

Kh. legend Maharajasa rajaii - 
rajasa mahatasa Ayilisasa. 

Zeus standing r. with r. arm. 
outstretched and long sceptre in 
1. hand. 

In r. field Kh. a. 

In 1. field Kh. ya, 

G. B. PL XIII 

321 

As on No. 320, but AZ1A1C0Y 
instead of AZIA1Z0Y 

W. 148. 

8 . 1*05. 

As on No. 320. 

In r. field Kh. ta. 

In 1. field Kh. a. 

322 

As on No. 320. 

W. 36. 

s. *6. 

G. B. ” PL XIII. 


(/3) Type : standing Zeus Nikephoros and mounted 
Dioskouroi; silver, round 

323 

Legend as on No. 320. 

Zens standing to L, with long 
sceptre in 1., and Nike on out¬ 
stretched r. hand. 

To 1. M. 35. 

W. 148. 

B. 1*05. 

Kh. legend as on No. 320. 
Mounted Dioskouroi with palms 
and levelled spears charging to r. 
To r. Kh. pa. 

In ex. Kh. am. 

G. B. PL XIII. 

324 

W. 35. 

S. *65. 

G. B. ” PI. XIII. 


K 


1535 



184 


1ND0-SCYTHJAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


(y) Type: as type (/3), but enthroned Zeus Nikephoros; 


JR 

325 


silver, round 


As on No. 323, but Zens is 
sitting to r. on throne. 

To r. M. 36. 

Unique. 


As on No. 323. 

No monograms. 

G. B. Pi. XIII. 


W. 151. 
S. M. 


W. 36. 
8. -65. 


G. B. ?5 Pi. XIII. 


827 


(S) Type: mounted king and standing Bioskouroi; 
silver, round 


As on No. 320, 
To r. M. 36. 

W. 150. 

S. 1. 


Kh. legend as on No. 320. 
Dioskonroi standing side by 
side armed with spears. 

No monogram. 

G. B. PL XIII 


W. 35. 

8 . * 65 . 


G. B. 


PL XIII. 


329 


(e) Type : mounted king and one of the Bioskouroi standing; 
silver, round 


As on No. 320. 
To r. M. 37. 

W. 150. 

8. 1-05. 


Kh. legend as on No. 320. 

One of the armed Dioskonroi 
standing facing, spear in r. hand 
and 1. hand on hilt of sword. 

To 1 . Kh. monogram. 

G. B. Pi. XIII. 


330 


W. 37. 
S. *65. 


G. B. ” PL XIII. 



AZILISES 


135 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(£) Type: mounted king and Pallas ; silver , round 

331 

As on No. 320, but king holds 

Kh. legend as on No. 319. 


couched lance, and bow is absent. 

Pallas to 1. hurling thunderbolt, 


Hemidrachm size also known. 

with aegis on 1. arm. 

To r. Kh. a. 


W. 137. 

To L M. 19. 


8. i. 

PL XIII. 


(??) Type : mounted king and Laksml; silver, round 

332 1 

As on No. 320. 

Kh. legend as on No. 320. 
Indian goddess, Laksml, stand¬ 


W. 148. 

ing facing on a lotus-flower with 
twin stalks and leaves. On each 
leaf stands a small elephant sprink¬ 
ling water on the head of the 
deity. 

To r. Kh. a . 

To 1. Kh. ya. 

G. B. Pl. XIII. 

333 


33 


W. 35. 

G. B. PI. XIII. 


(6) Type : mounted king and god and goddess ; silver, round 

334 2 

As on No. 320. 

Kh. legend as on No. 320. 


To r. M. 38. 

God and goddess standing to 
front ; male deity carries long 


W. 150. 

•sceptre in 1. hand, and points to 


8 . M. 

r. with outstretched r. arm. God¬ 
dess has diadem in r. hand and 
bears mural crown ; cornucopiae 
on 1. arm. 

To r. Kh. mon. spila* 

To 1. Kh. pa. 



G. B. PI. XIII. 

335 

33 

39 


W. 36. 

G. B. PI. XIII. 


1 This design of the abhiseka of Laksml is well known in sculpture. It also occurs on 
an unpublished early Hindu cast coin in the Cabinet of the Hon’ble Mr. R. Burn, I.C.S., and 
on the coins of Jayagupta. 

2 According to Prof. Rapson, the male deity is Zeus. He conjectures that the goddess 
may perhaps be the tutelary deity of Puskal&vati (Notes on Indian Coins and Seals, Part VI). 

K 2 



136 


INDO-SOYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

(i) Type; mounted king and asyncretic deity ; silver, round 

336 1 

As on No. 320. 

Kh. legend as on No. 320. 
Goddess to 1. with diadem in r. 


W. 37. 

hand; shield, spear, and palm on 
1. arm; mural crown on head. 
Monogram missing. 

G. B. PL XIII 


( k ) Type: mounted king and goddess ivithpalm ; 


silver, 

round 

337 

As on No. 331, but £ in 

As on No. 319. 

AZIA120Y is written C. 

W. 153. 

S. i. 

To r. Kh. mi. 

To 1. M. 28. 

338 

35 

35 


W. 149. 

S. *95. 

Additional Kh. alcsara to 1. 

339 

it 

55 


W. 145. 

To r. Kh. sam. 


s. i*05. 

To 1. M. 25 and Kh. dhra . 

PL XIII. 

840 2 

As on No. 331. 

55 


In ex. Kh. prz. 

To r. Kh. se. 

To 1. Gr. 2. 


W. 150. 

8. M. 

G. B. 

341 

As on No. 340, but no mon. 

W. 149. 

55 

G. B. 


1 Note the asyncretic panoply of the deity, a decidedly pantheistic type. This coin is 
unpublished and unique. 

2 The design and workmanship of Nos. 340 and 341 are superior to those of the remaining 
coins of the type in this Collection, and are separately illustrated in the B. M. Gat ., PI. XX, 10. 



AZILISES 


137 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

342 

As on No. 337. 

W. 147. 

As on No. 340. 

To r. Kh. si. 

To 1. Kh. sa and M. 39. 

G. B. 

848 

33 

In upper field Kh. ti. 

1. 145. 

To r. Kh. si. 

To 1. M. 39. 

G. B. 

844 

jj 

To r. Kh. sam. 

33 


W. 138. 


845 

As on No. 337. 

1. 36. 

S. -65. 

As on No. 337. 

G. B. 

346 

W. 34. 

To r. Kh. si. 

To 1. M. 40. 

347 

As on No. 340. 

W. 36. 

As on No. 340. 

G. B. PL XIII 

348 

As on No. 337. 

As on No. 343. 


W. 32. 


849 

Two coins 

To r. Kh. tra. 

55 


W. 35-37. 


850 

Six coins 

?? 

To r. Kh. sam. 

St 


W. 34. 




138 

INDO-SCYTHIAN 

KINGS 

Metal 

No. 

! .... .. ~" 

Obverse 

Reverse 

At 



351 

Two coins 

As on No. 337. 

To r. Kh. $a. 

As on No. 343. 


W. 33. 


352 

As on No. 337. 

?> 


W. 35. 



(X) Type : mounted king and seated Herakles; 

M 

copper, square 

353 

On four sides BAZIAEjQIS 
BABAEI1N MEfAAOY AZS 
AISOY i 

In dotted frame king on horse¬ 
back with whip to r. 

W. 123. 

S. -85. 

Kli. legend on three sides 
Maharajasa mahatma Ayilisasa. 

In square frame naked Herakles 
with diadem, seated on a rock, 
resting club on knee. 

To r. M. 39 and Kh. d. 

PL XIV. 

354 




W. 107. 

if 

355 

jj 

8. -9. 

ff 

356 

5 J 

8. *7. 

a 


00 Type : Herakles and horse ; copper , square 

35? 

On three sides Greek legend as 
on No. 353. 

Herakles standing to front, 
diadem in r., and club and lion’s 
skin in 1. hand. 

* T6 1. M. 10. 

8. IX-75. 

Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 320, but name of king in¬ 
complete, and may be A yasa ; cp. 
N. S. XIV, § 82, coin 16. 

Horse to r. 

Monograms illegible. 

PL XIV. 



AZILISES 


139 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

JR 

(v) Type ; king on horseback and bull; copper, square 

358 

As on No. 353, but king holds 

couched lance. 

W. 164. 

E. 1. 

Kh. legend on four sides Malta- 
rajasa rajamjasa mahatasa Ayili- 
sasa. 

Bull to 1. 

In upper field Kh. se and Gr. !£. 

PI. XIV. 

359 

S. M. 

Monograms illegible. 

G. B. 

i 

360 

j) 

S. -7. 

1 

but bull to r. and monograms in 
upper field as on No. 353, 

G. B. 


(£) Type: king on horseback and elephant; copper, square 

881 

As on No. 358. 

W. 80. ! 

S. -8. 1 

Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 353. 

Elephant to r. 

Monograms in upper field as on 
No. 353. 

382 

m 

00 

p{ 

G. B. ” PI. XIV. 


(o) Type : elephant and bull ; copper, square 

363 

Greek legend as on No. 357, but j 
barbarous. 

Elephant to 1. 

S.1X -8. 

Kh. legend as on No. 358, but 
on three sides only. 

Bull to 1. 

To 1. M. 37. 

G. B. PL XIV. 

364 

Greek legend as on No. 357. 
Elephant to r. 

As on No. 363, but bull to r., 
and monogram to r. of bull. 


W. 122. 

8. *9 x*75. 




140 


INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

305 

(w) Type : standing king and deity ; copper , square 

On three sides B A T IA ED. Z 
BAIIAEflN MEfAAOY AZ! 
AI20Y 

King fully accoutred with hel¬ 
met, shield, spear, and palm, to r. 

S. Mx-9. 

Kh. legend on three sides Maha - 
rajasa mjatii'ajasa mahatasa Ayili- 
sasa. 

Deity standing to r. with flowing 
veil, holding diadem. 

To 1. Kh. mi. 

G. B. 

366 

S. lx*8. 

PL XIV. 

367 

S. 1. 

J5 

368 

8. 1. 



(p) Type : Hephaistos and lion ; copper, square 

369 

Greek legend as on No. 365. 
Deity standing to front; sceptre 
in r., tongs and hammer in 1. hand. 

! To 1. M. 37, 

S. Mx-95. 

Kh. legend as on No. 365. 

Lion striding to r, 

! In upper field Kh. monogram 
as on No. 329. 

G. B. PL XIV. 

370 

E. -9. 

G. B. 

371 1 

S. -5 x -6. 

)> 

G. B. 


1 This coin was originally in the White King Collection, and is No. 269 of the Sale 
Catalogue. It is there described as an unpublished coin of Azes, and the deity is called 
Neptune. But it is undoubtedly a coin of Azilises of the type of the two larger coins which 
precede it here. These are good specimens, and show that the objects in the left hand of the 
deity, so far unelucidated, are tongs and hammer. The deity must therefore correspond with 
Heph&istos. 



AZILISES 


141 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


Unrepresented types: 



(i) Deity with mural crown en¬ 

throned to r. 

Cunningham, PI. VIII. 6. 

Sq. M 

(ii) Zeus Nikephoros standing to r. 
Cunningham, PL VIII. 7. 

Rect. M 

(in) Standing male figure with palm 
over 1. shoulder. 

Cunningham, PI. VIII. 5. 

Rect. M 

(iv) Laksmi between elephants. 

White King, Sale Cat, Part I, 

PL IV. 299. 

Sq. M 

Known also in small size. 

(v) Male figure striding to 1., with 

wreath in outstretched r. hand. 
Cabinet de France. 

Large sq. M 

Probably of Azilises. 

Zeus Nikephoros with flowing 
draperies standing to 1. 

Deity with flowing draperies stand¬ 
ing to front. 

Bull to r. 


Goddess standing to front. 

Lion to r. 


VONOKES with SPALAHOEES 

A 

(«) Type: king on horseback and Zeus; silver, round 

372 

"Three coins 

BASIAE0Z BASIAEflN 
MEFAAOY ONUNOY 

King on horseback to r. with 
couched spear. 

Didrachm size also known, 

W. 35. 

S. *65. 

! Kh. legend Maharajabhrata 
dhramikasa Spalahorasa. 

Deity (Zeus) radiate, standing 
to front, leaning on long sceptre 
in 1., and with thunderbolt in r. 
hand. 

To r. M. 10. 

373 

W. 30. 

S. *6. 

To 1. M. 41. 

374 

j? 

S. *65. 

G. B. ” PL XIV. 

M 

(/?) Type : Herakles and Pallas; copper ^ square 

375 

Greek legend on three sides as 
on No. 372. 

Herakles standing to front 
crowning himself with r., and 
club and lion's skin in 1. hand. 

Kh. legend on three sides as on 
No. 372. 

Pallas standing to 1. with shield 
and spear. 

To 1. probably M. 10. 


W. 119. 

S. -75. 





142 


INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

376 

As on No. 375. 

S. *8. 

As on No. 375. 

To 1. M. 41. 

377 

?? 

33 

378 

V 

33 

379 

31 

G. B. ” Pl. XIV. 

380 

35 

>> 

G. B. 

381 

33 

33 

G. B. 


Unrepresented types: None. 



VONONES with 

SPALAGADAMES 

M 

382 

(a) Type ; king on horseback and Zeus ; silver, round ' 

As on No. 372. 

Didrachm size also known. 

S. *65. 

As on No. 372, but Kh. legend 
Spalahoraputrasa dhramiasa $pa- 
laqadamasa. 

To 1. M. 42. 

G. B. PI. XIV. 

383 

8. *65. 

33 

Mon. probably similar to M, 41. 
G. B. 

384 

■w. 38. 

S. -6. 

As on No. 382. 

M 

(0) Type: Herakles and Pallas ; copper, square 

385 

As on No. 375. 

S. -8. 

As on No. 375, but Kb. legend 
as on No. 382. 

To 1. M. 42. 

G. B. PL XIV. 


Unrepresented types : None. 




SPALYRIS with SPALAGADAMRS 


143 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


SPALYRIS (SPALAHORES) with SPALAGADAMES 


(a) Type : mounted king and seated Her aides; 

iE 

copper, square 

386-389 1 

CTTAAYPIDC AIKAIOY 

Kh. legend fepalahoraputrasa 


AAEAcbOY TOY BACIAELIC 

dhramiasa Spalagadamasa. 


In square frame king on horse- 

Naked Herakles, diademed, 


back to r. 

sitting on rock, supporting club 
on knee. 


W. 122. 

To 1. M. 42. 


S. -85. 

G. B. PL XIV. 

390 

3? 

33 

391 

S. -85. 


392 

33 

35 

Square mon. similar to M. 41. 


(/?) Type: as 

(a), but round 

393 2 

As on No. 386. 

As on No. 386. 


W. 103. 

S. -9. 

Unrepresented types : None. 



SPALIRI&ES as 

King’s Bbothek 

At 

394 

(a) Type: king on horseback and Zeus ; silver, round 

BACIAEUIC AAEAGOY 

Kh. legend Makar ajabhrato 


□TTAAIPICOY 

dhramiasa SpaliriSasa . 


King on horseback to r. with 

Zeus as on No. 372. 


couched lance. 

W. 35. 

S. *65. 

Unrepresented types : None. 

To 1. M. 43. 

G. B. PL XIV 


1 The Kharosthi legend on this coin is identical with that on No. 382, while the Greek 
legend is a translation of the Kharosthi legend on No. 372. It is held that Spalyris is the 
Greek form of the Scythian-Persian name Spalahores, who was brother of a suzerain king 
Vonones. Spalagadames, the Greek form of whose name is not given to ns, was son of 
Spalahores. He also struck coins under Yonones. 

2 The only known round specimen. 




144 


IN DO-SC YTHI AN KINGS 


Metal 

n©. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


SPALIRI&ES 

- with AZES 

M 



395 1 

(a) Type : Icing on horseback and Zeus; silver, round 


BAOAELlJC MEf AAOY 

Kh. legend Maharajasa maha~ 


f>TTAAIP!COY 

takasa Ayasa. 


Design as on No. 394. 

Zeus as on No. 372. 


Didrachm size also known. 

To r. Kh. si. 

To 1. mon. similar to M. 43. 


s. -65. 

G. B. PL XIY. 


(/3) Type: king on horseback and bow and arrow ; 


copper, round 

JE3 



390 

Greek legend as on No. 395. 

Kh. legend as on No. 395. 


King on horseback to r.; holds 

Strung bow, with arrow to r. 


ankus or whip. 

of it. 

To 1. M. 44. 


W. 120. 

S. 1. 

Unrepresented types : None. 

G. B. Pl. XIY. 


SPALIRI§ES as King 


(a) Type : king and Zeus enthroned ; copper, square 

397 

On four sides BACIAELUN 

Kh. legend on three, sides Ma¬ 


BAOAELlJC MECAAOY ETTA 

harajasa mahatakasa Spaliriiasa. 


A1P1CDY 

Zeus radiate on throne, long 


In square frame king walking 

sceptre in 1. hand, r. arm ex¬ 


to 1. with battle-axe and bow. 

tended. 

To r. M. 44. 


W. 127. 

S. *85. 

Pl. XIV. 

398 

?5 



a *8. 

Unrepresented types: None. 

G. B. 


1 Attention is directed to the first letter of the king’s name in the Greek legend. Its 
appearance seems to foreshadow the nse of the new letter f) (sh) on the coins of Kani&hka. 



ATHAMA 


145 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


ATHAMA 

N 

(a) Type : mounted Icing; gold, round 

399 1 

Greek legend - YOAO - 

King on horseback to r. with r. 
arm extended, as on the coins of 
Azes and Azilises. 

W. 3-4. 

S. *4. 

Field occupied by M. 16. 
Symmetrically placed round the 
monogram are the four Kh. letters 
A thamasa. 

G'. B. PL XIV. 

M 

Unidentified 

400 2 

King on horseback to r. with r. 
arm extended, as on the coins of 

1 Azes and Azilises. Corrupt Gr. 

1 legend. 

W. 25. 

S. -5. 

Kh. legend - -- rayasa 

jayatasa - 

Draped deity standing to r. 

PL XV. 


SUPPLEMENTARY 


MATTES 


(i) Deity in biga. 

B. M. M Didrachm. 

Also known in round and square hemi- 
drachm size. 

(ii) Male figure holding ankus. 

B. M. Square M 


Zeus enthroned. 


Aegis. 


VONONES with SPALAHOKES 


(iii) Didrachm of the hemidrachm type. 
B. M. 


PL XV. 


PL XV. 


PL XV. 


SPALIRISES with AZES 

(iv) Didrachm of the hemidrachm type. I PI XV 

B. M. I 

1 Special attention is drawn to this remarkable coin, which has been published by 
Prof. E. J. Eapson in Part VI of his Notes on Indian Goins and Seals. The name Athama is 
reasonably certain, and we can have no hesitation in recognizing him as a member of the 
dynasty of Azes and Azilises. The coin is unique of its kind. It is the only known 
specimen in gold of the Indo-Scythic series. 

2 This is a well-executed little coin, and must belong to either this or to the Indo-Parthian 
series, but differs in style from any coin I know. The epithet jaycttasa is perfectly clear, and 
its presence shows that this specimen is quite a new type. The only coins in the entire 
Indo-Scythic and Indo-Parthian series known to me, which bear this epithet, are those of 
Aspavarma, but the presence of the word on this specimen ending in - - - rayasa differentiates 
it from both types of the Aspavarma coins. The only Kharosthi epithet on Indo-Greek coins 
ending in — rayasa is maharayasa, a variant of maharajasa, but on this coin the preceding 
aksara, which is partly off the coin, does not look like ha. 





146 


COINS OF THE INDO-PARTHIANS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

BL 

GONDOPHARES 1 (GONDOPHARNES) 

(a) Type : king on horseback and standing Zeus ; 
billon^ round 

l 2 

BAOAEfjJt BACIAELlIN 

MEFAAOY YNAOcDEPOY 

King to r. on horseback ; r. arm 
extended. 

To r. § 

W. 151. S 

S. *9. 

Zeus standing to r. with r. arm 
extended; long sceptre in 1. hand. 

Kh. legend Maharaja rajatiraja 
tratam devavrada Gudupharasa. 

To r. Kh. ta or ra above, and 
j dire below. 

To 1. M. 1. 

G. B. PL XV. 

2 

73 

8 . *9. 

J5 

To r. Kh. phre above, and tu or 
ru below. 

To 1. M. 1, and above it Gr. B. 

G. B. 

3 

rs 

Greek legend corrupt. 

S. *9. 

In 1. field A instead of B. 

G. B. 

4 

1 W. 152. 

8 . -85. 

79 

No Greek letter in 1. field. 

5-7 

i> 

8 . *9, 

93 


1 Derived from Old Persian Vindaphama, or corrupt Armenian form Gathaspar— Justi, 
Geschichte Irans. 

2 For reading devavrata or demvrada see Prof. E. J. Rapson, Notes on Indian Coins and Seals f 
Part V. The fourth akrnra here is da. 



GONDOPHARES 


147 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

Bi. 

(/?) Type: king on horseback and standing Zeus, with name 
Sacras 1 ; billon, round 

8 

As on No. 1, but legend quite 
corrupt and illegible. 

Under horse Kh. the. 

W. 155. 

S. *8. 

Zeus as on No. 1. 

9 

Kh. legend Maharajasa maha¬ 
tma tratarasa deravradasa Gudu- 
pharasa Sasasa. 

To r. Kh. va and pa. 

To 1. M. 2. 

10-12 

33 

Kh. ga, 

S. -8. 

G. B. 

18-15 

3 3 

Kh. ghsa. 

S. -8. 

33 

G.B. 

10 

33 

Kh. dha. 

S. *85. 

33 

17 

Kh. a. 

S. *8. 

33 


1 Coins in mixed metal bearing the name of Gondophares with, an additional name or epithet 
Sasasa on the Kharosthi side are quite common. Sir A. Cunningham called these the coins 
of Sasan—see his Coins of the Sakas. Prof. Gardner described them as coins of Gondophares 
with the inscription Sasasa, but did not further discuss the bearing of this name or title. 
Mr. Vincent Smith prefers to consider the word as a mere epithet, but cannot fix its meaning 
—J, M . Cat, vol. i. 

The coins themselves are our only evidence, and it is noteworthy that the word Sasasa 
occupies the place of honour, where the name of the king is almost always situated. In 
support of his contention that the word is a title, Mr. Vincent Smith instances the coins of 
Azes and Aspavarma on which this very place is occupied by the undoubted epithet jayatasa. 
But I think that if it can be shown that there was a name, the genitive form of which was 
Sasasa, the numismatic evidence must be interpreted in favour of Sir A. Cunningham's 
theory, and there is no doubt that such a name existed. Sasan was the name of the father 
of Ardeshir, founder of the Sasanian (Sassanian) dynasty. Then Justi in his Iranisches Namenbuch 
gives references to ^aaas, a common Scythian name. This same name ’Sfoas occurs in more 
than one Scythian inscription found in the neighbourhood of the Blaek Sea—see Inscriptions# 
Antiguae Orae Septentrionalis Ponti Euxini, by Basilius Latysehev, St. Petersburg, 1885. 




148 

INDO-PARTHIAN 

KINGS 

Metal 


- - 

No. 

Obverse 

Beverse 

Bl. 



18 

As on No. 8. 

Ufa. ti\ 

As on No. 8. 


8. *8. 


19 

As on No. 8. 



W. 154. 

8. -75. 

PL XV. 


(y) Type. Ling on horseback and standiyig Zens Nikephoros , 


ivith name Sacra? ; bilion, round 

20 1 

As on No. 8, but no, monogram 
visible. 

Zeus standing to 1. ; Nike on 
outstretched r. hand. 


W. 150. 

S. *8. 

Kh. legend Makarajasa rajati- 
rajasa devavratasa Gudupharasa 
Sasasa. 



To r. M. 3 and Kh, va . 

To 1. M. 1. 



PL XV. 

21 




To r. Kh.pa. 

33 


8 . -8. 


22 




a *8. 

3 ? 

but under monogram on L is Kh. 
aksara tka. 

28 



24 

To r. Kb. ma. 



a *8. 



1 The full reading of the Kharosthi legend on this type is given by Cunnineham as 
Maharujasa rajatimjasa mahatasa dhramikasa GvMphamm Sasasa, but the specimen ilCfid bv 
hxm in the Coins of me Sakas does not help us, and the reading 
he full legend was not elucidated either by Gardner or Vincent Smith n rnm «, 
specimens in this Collection, the reading i tLrajasa ^2 - 2 Jwa Ll 6 " 

certam, but there is a difficulty about the word or words following rajSST ThkTie 
missing from all the British Museum specimens. As far Is I can i?Z' A f 
devavratasa, or possibly sudevavratasa. J dg ’ th ord 13 




GONDOPHARES 14 


Obverse 

Reverse 


As on No. 23, 

S. *8. 

As on No. 22. 


To r. Kh. im. 

W* 157. 

S. *8. 

if 



jt 


To r. Kh. ji. 

S. *85. 



To r. Kh. ra. 

S. *8. 

S3 


To r. Kli. m 

a *8. 

ff 



JJ 


To r. Kh. si. 

a *85. 

G. B. 


a *85. 

?> 


As on No. 20. 

W. 35. 

As on No. 20. 

Pi XV. 




150 


INDO-PARTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

| Reverse 


(S) Type: mounted king and standing Zeus with name 

Bi. 

Aspavarma ; 

billon, round 

35 1 

Greek legend corrupt and 11- 

Zeus to r. as on No. 1. 


legible. 

Kh. legend— 


King on horseback to 1. with r. 

K.. Jayatasa tratarasa. 


hand extended; in front of horse 

L. Indravarma put rasa. 


the Gondopharian symbol § an( l 

Above, Strategasa. 


Kh. bu. Under horse apparently 

Below, Aipararmasa. 


a modification of M. 2. 

To r. Kh. a, si, and M. 4. 

To 1. M. 2 and M. 5. 


W. 149. 

8 . *8. 

G. B. PL XV. 

36 


75 


S. *8. 

G. B. 

37 

55 

8 . *8. 

55 


(e) Type: king on horseback and Pallas; billon, round 

38 

BAC1AGC BACIA6G3N M€fA 

! Pallas standing to r. with r. 


TON A0d>€PP0Y 

arm advanced; spear and shield 


King on horseback to r. with 

on 1. arm. 


r. arm extended; in front of horse 

Kh. legend Maharaja rajadiraja 


5 

tratara devavrata Gudupharasa. 

To r. M. 1 and Kh. ma. 


W. 142. 

To 1. Kh. monogram. 


8 . *9. 

G. B. PI. XV. 


1 I have already published this type as a coin of Gondophares and Aspavarma—see N. S. 
XIV, § 82. I need not dwell on the differences between this coin and the known type of Azes 
and Aspavarma illustrated at PI. XX. 2 of the B. M. Cat., as they are so apparent. My reasons 
for attributing the coin to Aspavarma acting as the governor or satrap of Gondophares, 
although the name of Gondophares cannot be read in the illegible Greek inscription, are briefly 
these; 

(i) The Kharosthi inscription resembles that on the coins of Azes and Aspavarma, but 
there is the additional epithet tratarasa. I invite attention to the unusual, if not unique, 
arrangement of the inscription. 

(ii) The coin not only bears the planetary symbol used by Gondophares, but it agrees 
closely in design with a known type of Gondophares—see I. M. Cat., PI. IX. 9. Each piece 
has five monograms, and three of these are common to both coins. 



GONDOPHARES 


151 


Metal 

Ho. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

JE 

(£) Type : head of king and Pallas ; copper , round 

39 

Barbarous Greek inscription. 

Pallas to r. with aegis and 

Three coins 

Head of king to r., diademed. 

thunderbolt. 

Fragments of a Kharosthi 


W. 34. 

legend, which from a comparison 


8 . -5. 

of all fourteen specimens of this 
type contains the words Malm- 
raj asa rajatirajasa tratarasa Gada- 
pharnasa. 

To r. Kh. he. 

To 1. Kh. stra. 

G. B. PI. XV. 

40 

I 33 

'3 

Six coins 

W. 32. 

S. - 5 . 


41 

33 

33 

Five coins 

W. 37. 

8 . *45. 


Bi. 

(?;) Type : king on horseback and Siva 1 ; billon, round 

42 

BAC!A€C*X BAC1A605N 

Siva facing, holding trident in 


M€f AAOY YNAOcf>€PPOY 

r. and palm in 1. hand. 


King on horseback to L, r. arm 

Kh. legend Maharajasa rajara- 


extended ; Nike flying behind him 

jasa tratarasa devavratasa Gudu- 


with wreath. 

pliarasa. 


In front of horse $5. 

To r. Kh. gu and rtu. 


Under horse Kh. rtu. 

To 1. M. 6 and monogram similar 
to M. 2. 


S. *95. 

G. B. 

43 

33 

>3 


but with additional Kh. mon. 

To r. Kh. gu. 


earn. 

S. *95. 

To 1. M. 6 . 

G. B. PL XV. 

44 

As on No. 42. 

W. 132. 

8 . *9. 

33 


1 Prof. E. J. Rapson discusses this type in Part V of his Notes on Indian Coins and Seats . 

3j 2 



152 


IND 0 -PARTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


(d) Type: resembling (rj), but with different Kh. legend; 

Bi. 

billon, round . 

45 

BAtlAEIxlN BAC1 AELlIN 

Siva facing, with trident in 1. 


--- roNA--» 

hand, and r. arm extended. 


King on horseback to r. ; in 

Kh. legend Maharaja rajaraja 


front of horse g. 

mahaia dhramia devavrata Gudu- 
pharasa. 


8 . -9, 

To r. Kh. mon. similar to M. 5* 
To 1. M. 7. 

G. B. 

46 

W. 146. 

8 . *87. 

PI. XV. 

M 

(i) Type : bust of king and Nike; copper, round 

47 

BACIAE0C Q1THP0C 

Winged Nike to r. ; holds wreath 

48 

YNAD4>EPP0Y 

and palm. 


Bust of the king r., diademed. 

Kh. legend Maharajasa Gonda- 
pharnasa tratarasa. 


8 . *9. 

G-. B. 

49 

»» t 

but square forms Ixl and Ep. 

W. 142 ; 125. 

S. *85; *95. 

s> 

50 


51-57 

As on No. 47. 

8 . *8—9. 


58 

BASIAE0J2 BA--- 

Winged Nike to r. ; holds palm 


Bust of king diademed to 1. 

and wreath. 

Kh. legend - rajati - 


W. 124. 

S. 1. 

To L Kh. ma. 

59 

B . INAY4>PP. 

As on No. 58. 


Bust of king diademed to 1. 

Long Kh. legend, which has 
been tentatively read by Cunning¬ 


W. 133. 

ham — Coins of the Sahas, P1.X.3 — 


8 . 1. 

as Maharajasa rajatirajasa maha- 
tasa Gudwpharasa . 

Pl. XV. 





GONDOPHARES 


153 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


(k) Type : king on horseback, and symbol of Gondophares ; 

M 

copper, square 

60* 

Corrupt Greek legend. 

Symbol of Gondophares §. 


King on horseback to L, receiving 

Kb. legend— 


wreath from Nike who stands in 

R. Maharajasa, 


front of him. 

L. devavratasa. 

Below, Gudupharasa, 


S. *75. 

Unrepresented types: 

To r. M. 2. 

To 1. Kb. rtv,. 

G. B. PI. XV. 


(i) Enthroned king. 

B. M. Cat, PI. XXII. 10. M 

Nike. 


(ii) Enthroned king. 

Cunningham, PI. X. 11. M 

Standing male figure. 


(iii) In incuse area Apollo holding 

arrow. 

N. S. XIV. M 

(iv) Silver of the Arsakid type. 

B. M. Cat , PL XXXII. 10. 

Gondopharian symbol. 


ABDAGASES 


(a) Type: mounted king and standing Zeus, ivith title 

Bi. 

of'nephew of king Gondophares ; billon, round 

61 

BAX1AEYONTOC BASSAE 

1 Zeus standing to r. with long 


111 NY ABAAfASOY 

sceptre in 1. hand and r. arm 


King on horseback to r.; in 

extended. 


front of him §* 

Kb. legend Gudupharabhrata- 
putrasa maharajasa tratarasa 


a *95. 

Avadagaiasa, 

To r. Kh. tre and sa. 

To 1. M. 8. 



G. B. PL XV. t 

62 

Similar to No. 61, but king on 

39 


horseback to 1.; in front § and 

To r. Kb. hr a and hre. 


Kb. foam, 

W. 147. 
a *85. 

To 1. M. 8 and Kb. monogram. 

1 The Kharosthi legend on this specimen is shorter and differently arranged from that 

published by Cunningham, and described in the B. 

Cat 



154 


IMDO-PARTHIAM KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Eeverse 

BL 

63 

As on No. 62, but Kh. bu. 

8. -85. 

As on No. 61. 

To r. Kh. kra and kre. 

To 1. M. 4 and Kh. monogram. 


(/3) Type: mounted king and standing Zeus Nikephoros, 
with title of nephew of Gondophares; billon, round 

64 1 

As on No. 61. 

8. *9. 

Zeus standing to 1. with long 
sceptre in 1. hand, and bearing 
Nike on outstretched r. hand. 

Kh. legend Maharajasa rajati- 
rajasa Gadapharabhrataputrasa 
Avadagaiasa. 

To r. Kh. va and M. 3. 

To 1. M. 1. 

G. B. PL XV. 

65 

W. 151. 

S. *85. 

» 

M 

(y) Type: bust of king and Nike; copper, round 

juHi 

66 

BAC - ABAArACOY 

Bust of king to r. } diademed. 

8. *9. 

Winged Nike r,, holding wreath 
and palm. 

Kh. legend Maharajasa Avada- 
gaiasa 

G. B. 

67 

Greek legend fragmentary. 

JS 

Kh. legend - gaiasa maha - - 


W. 116. 

S. *8. ; 


68 2 

W. 92. 

S. *85. 

if 

- gaiaga - 

69 

W. 87. 

8. *75. 

- gaiasa ma - - 


1 Care should be taken not to confound this little-known type of Abdagases with type (y) 
of Gondophares. 

3 Coins Nos. 68-71 are probably coins of Abdagases. 




ABDAGASES 


155 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

JE 

70 

As on No. 67. 

¥. 104. 

s. *85. 

As on No. 66 . 

- harahagaiasa malm 

PI. XV. 

71 

W. 91. 

j S. - 8 . 

- Jiagaia - 


Unrepresented types : 

(i) As type (a), but title of king’s nephew in Greek. 

B. if. Cat., PL XXIII. 3. 

(ii) As type ( 7 ), but bust to 1. 

Cunningham, PL XI. 4. 


ORTHAGNES 


(a) Type : bust of king and Nike, with names of Gondophares 
and of Guda (Gad) 1 ; copper, round 

72 

RATS KfYf R A f f A -_ 

Winged Nike to r. with palm 
and wreath. 

Kh. legend- Gudapha- 

rasagudana maharajasa - 

To r. Kh. go. 

To L Kh. ja. PL XVI. 

D /\ Vm 1 /\ C 1 i\ Vw I /\ 

NHC 

Bust of king to L, diademed. 

¥. 124. 

S. *9. 


1 On p. 121 of his Coins of the Sakas Cunningham remarked that ‘as the name of Orfchagnes 
is written in Arian characters as Gurdana or Gadana, beginning with the letter G, it seems 
not improbable that he is the king's brother mentioned in the Legend of St. Thomas under 
the name of Gad*. 

Corresponding to the Greek coin legend BAC1A6YC BACIA€(l)N MfclAC 
OP0ATNHC, there is the Kharosthi inscription Maharajasa rajatirajasa Gudupharasagudaqa. 
The last word must signify some connexion with Gondophares, but Cunningham’s alternative 
suggestion of Gudupharasagarbha , 1 brother of Gondophares , , cannot be read on the coins. ^ If 
Guda is a name corresponding to the traditional Gad—Syriac and Latin, Gad ; Greek, 
then the word under discussion ought to mean ‘of Gondophares and of Gad*. But one word 
is in the genitive singular, and the other is in the genitive plural. On the other hand the 
word Gudwtia may be an epithet, or monetary denomination, or again it may, as suggested by 
j> r . j m F. Fleet, give us the name of the tribe of Gondophares. I am inclined to think it is a 
name. Cunningham published one specimen of the currency of Orthagnes where the name of 
Gondophares was absent from the Kharosthi legend, and its place was taken by the name- 
word Gudranasa (?)—see Coins of the Sakas, p. 163, No. 13. This piece is identical with B.M. Cat., 
p. 109, No. 7. Another specimen is No. 75 in this Collection. Neither piece is in good 

condition. I read the Kharosthi inscription as- mahatasa Gudranasa . There can be no 

doubt that this coin, apparently still unique, is quite different from the usual type of 
Orthagnes. Seven legible specimens of the latter which I have examined, give the following 
variants of the last part of the word Gudupharasagudana— Gudana, Guda, Guda, Gudanasa. 
But as far as I have seen, the first part remains invariable as Gudupharasa. 

An intaglio recently acquired from the North-West Frontier Province, India, bears the 
Kharosthi word Gadasa, which name may also occur on a pedestal excavated at P&latu Dheri, 
ChSrsada, N.W. Frontier Province—see the Annual J Report of the Archaeological Survey of India 
for 1902-3. 






156 


1ND0-PARIHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 




Reverse 


73 


As on No. 72. 


S. -95. 


As on No. 72. 

Full Kh. legend Maharajasa 
rajatirajasa mahatasa Guduphara 
sagudana. 


74 


j? 

S. *9. 


To r. Kh. gu. 
To 1. Kh. ti. 


75 1 


(/3) Type: resembling (a), but %vith name Qudrana alone ; 
copper, round. 


- - BAC!A€(jGN ME- 

As on No. 72. 

W. 109. 

8 . -9. 

Unrepresented types: None. 


As on No. 72. 

- rajasa mahatasa Gudrana 

To r. Kh. ma. 

To 1. Kh. mi. 


SANABARES 


Unrepresented types: 

(i) Arsakid type, but in copper. 

B. M. Cat , PI. XXIII. 11. 

(ii) Ordinary Indo-Parthian type, but with Greek legends on both 
B. M. Cat.] PL XXIII. 12. 


76 2 


PAKORES 

(a) Type: bust of Jdng and Nike; copper , round 


BACIAEYC BACIACWN 
M€f AC FFAKOPHC 
Bust of king to L, diademed. 

W. 121. 

S. *9. 


Winged Nike r. -with palm and 
wreath. 

Kh. legend Maharajasa rajati- 
rajasa mahatasa Pakurasa. 

To r. Kh. pu. 

To L Kh. te. Pl. XVI. 


1 This coin apparently belongs to the second variety of Orthagnes, B. M. Cat., p. 109, No. 7. 

2 Several of the aksaras in the Kharosthi legend on this and other coins of Pakores are 
finished off with little hooks which may signify the final vowel sound u, in which case the 
inscription would run Maharujusu rujuUntjusu mahatasu Pukurasu, and might be regarded as 
a later form or dialect. G. Buhler remarks on the occurrence of the forms Maharajusa and 



PAKORES 


157 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 



77 

As on No. 76. 

As on No. 76. 

To r. Kh. pu. 


S. *9. 

To 1. Kh. ga. 

78 


>> 

70 

S. ‘9. 


80 

j? 

jj 


W. 123. 

To r. Kh. m. 


S„ *9. 

To 1. Kh. ire. 

81 


As on No. 77. 


S. *9. 

Unrepresented types: None. 

G. B. 


ZEIONISES 

M 

(a) Type: king on horseback; silver, round 

82 1 

Corrupt Greek legend in which 

Male figure (king) r. facing a 


the -words - - - CATPATTY Z€l 

mural crowned deity with cornu- 


GJNICOY are fairly legible. 

copiae who is crowning him with 


King with bow on horseback to 

a wreath. 


r. with r. arm extended. 

Kb. legend Manigulasa chair a- 


To r. M. 2. 

pasa putrasa chair apasa Jilmniasa. 


Below, Kh. ha. 

To r. mon. similar to M. 5. 

To 1. Kh. mon. msa. 


W. 155. 

S. 1. 

G. B. PI. XVI. 

88 

but below, Kh. a. 

On this coin the remaining two 
words of the Greek inscription 
appear to be MANNOAOY YiOY. 

S. 1. 

J3 


rajurajusa —see 4 The Kharosthi Inscriptions on the Indo-G-recian Coins’, Vienna (hiental 
Journal, voL viii, no. 3—but in the case I am now discussing some, at least, of these marks 
must be the short upward strokes which in the Asoka Edicts are used for marking the ends of 
4he verticals. I have, therefore, not attempted to discriminate between them. See also 
Prof. E. J. Rapson on a coin of Kujula-Kadphises in Part Y of his Notes on Indian Coins and Seals» 
1 The Kharosthi legend shows that the satrap Zeionises was the son of the satrap Manigul. 
The second syllable of this latter name appears to be ni and not na on coins in this 
Collection and on coins, both silver and copper, in the British Museum Collection. Cp. 
Mr. Vincent Smith's footnote on p. 59 of the I. M. Cat , vol. i. 



158 


INDO-PARTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

| 

j Reverse 

M 

(/?) Type: bull and lion ; copper, round 

84 

Corrupt Greek legend as on 

Lion to r. 


No. 82. 

Kb. legend Manigula putrasa 


Bull standing to r. 

chatrapasa Jiktmiasa. 


Above, M. 2 . 

In field inons. as on No. 82. 


To r. Kh. sa. 

W. 203. 

8. 1. 

G. B. PI. XVI. 

85 




S. *9. 

G. B. 

86 

j? 

Doublestruck on both sides. 

8. *9. 

•n 

87 

To r. Kb. pu. 

S. *9. 


88 


To r. Kh. dhra. 

G. B. 

89 

8. *85. 

90 

As on No. 84j but above addi¬ 



tional Kb. va. 

8. *9. 

Unrepresented types : 

(i) As type (a), but on reverse king 
being crowned by two allegorical 
figures. 

B. M. Cat, PL XXXII. 11. 

Now in B. M. Didrachm. 

To r. Kh. tra. 


(ii) Elephant. 

White King, Sale Cat, Part I. 
PL IV. 198. Also Cunningham. 

Sq. M 

Bull. 




KHARAHOSTES 


159 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


KHARAHOSTES 1 2 3 

M 

(a) Type: Icing on horseback and lion; copper, square 

91 2 

XAPAHLsJCTEi CATPAHEI 

Lion to r. 


APTAYOY 

Kb. legend Cliatrapasa pra 


King on horseback with levelled 

Kharaostasa Arfasa putrasa. 


spear to r. 

To r. X. 


To r. Kh. sam. 

S. *8. 

Above, Kh. monogram. 

G. B. n. XVI. 

92 

W. 123. 

S. -8. 



(j8) Type : king on horseback and standing figure; 


copper, 

square 

93 s 

As on No. 91, but Greek legend 

Standing figure to front. 


illegible. 

W. 39. 

S. -5. 

Unrepresented types : None. 

Kh. legend - raosia 2 wtrasa 


1 The recognition of the fact that the letter H in the Greek form of Kharahostes is h and 
and not m is due to Dr. Fleet; see J.R.A.S., 1907, pp. 1048-4. 

This discovery offers a convincing explanation both of the omission from the Eh. form of 
the name of any aksara corresponding to m 7 and of the otherwise anomalous use of the initial 
form of the aksara o. 

The Greek word APT AYOY is not a compound; the two words APT A and YOY are 
both in the genitive singular. 

2 The Kharosthi legend shows that the satrap Kharahostes was son of one Arta. He has 
been identified with the KharaSsta of the Mathura Lion-Capital, but this identification was 
disputed by Biihler. The name of the satrap is preceded by the monosyllable pra, the meaning 
of which has not yet been elucidated. These points are discussed by Prof. E. J. Rapson in 
Part VI of Notes on Indian Goins and Seals. 

3 This new and unpublished type was one of the unidentified coins in the Rodgers 
Collection. I think my attribution is certain because of the characteristic use of the initial 
form of the aksara o in the Kharosthi inscription. I have seen two other specimens of 
this type. 




160 


INDO-PARTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


ARSAKES THEOS 


Unrepresented types : 



(i) The Indo-Parthian type. 

Cunningham, Coins of the Sakas, PI. XI. 11, 12. M 

On a good specimen of this type in the Bodleian Collection, the 
Greek legend - - - - APEAKE3 Y 0E- is fairly legible. 

(ii) The Arsakid type. Sq. JE 

B. M. Cat , Pl. XXXII. 12. 


SOTER 

MEGAS 

M 

(a) Type: helmeted bust of king and horseman, with Greek 
legend only ; copper, round 

94 1 

Within reel and pellet border 
helmeted bust of king to L, hold¬ 
ing spear in outstretched hand; 
no inscription or monogram. 

W. 191. : 

8. *9. 

King on horseback to r. with 
ankus in outstretched r. hand. 

Greek legend- ACYBA 

CIA€Y - 

To r. M. 9. 

PI. XVI. 

95 

To r. M. 9. 

To 1. Kh. m. 

8. -95. 

5} 

but Greek inscription is- 

€Y(i)NC(OTHP M6 ---- 
To r. M. 9. 

G. B. 


(/?) Type: bilingual, king on horseback and standing Zeus; 
copper, round 

96 2 

-(ON CWTHP M€A- 

King on horseback to r. with 
ankus in raised r. hand. 

To r. M. 9. 

W. 141. 

8 . -8. 

Zeus to r. with r. arm out¬ 
stretched and long sceptre in 1. 
hand. 

Kh. legend Maharajasa rajati- 
rajasa mahatasa tratarasa ra - - 
To r. flower-pot and plant. 

To L Kh. vi. 

PI. XVI. 


1 The only specimen of this rare type known to me in which monograms are absent from 
the obverse side. Coin Ho. 95 is a normal specimen. 

2 The coins of Soter Megas purport to be struck by an anonymous ruler calling himself 
the King of Kings, the Great Saviour. Are they to be reckoned a separate series issued 
anonymously by some king whose name is otherwise unknown to us, or are they the currency 
of a monarch whose name we know, possibly from other coins as well as from inscriptions ? 
The coins are found in extraordinary abundance, and over a wide stretch of country 
extending from Peshawar to Mathura. These facts point to great power and a long reign, and 








SOTEE MEGAS 


161 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

97 

As on No. 96. 

W. 148. 

S. *8. 

As on No. 96, but Kh. legend 
is completed by the word tratarasa. 

98 

5S 

S. -8. 

G. B. 

99 

W. 30. 

S. *5. 

” 


(y) Type : diademed bust of Icing and horseman, with Greek 
legend only; copper, round 

100 

101 

Within dotted border, diademed 
bust of king to r., radiate, holding 
long filleted sceptre or lance. 

To 1. M. 9. 

S. *8. 

BAG A€YC BAGACYCON 

CWTHP M€f AC 

King on horseback to r., hold¬ 
ing ankus. 

To r. M. 9. 

G. B. PL XVI. 


are much in favour of the supposition that we must look for Soter Megas amongst the most 
important of the kings and satraps known to us, as it is very improbable that such a great 
potentate would be nameless and unknown except from these coins. The style of the coins, 
which are in copper only, and the absence of square forms, point to a period about the Kushan 
conquest, so that Soter Megas was probably a contemporary of one of the two Kadphises. 

As far as their inscriptions are concerned, the coins fall into three groups:—(i) with 
Greek legend only, translated as 1 Of the King of Kings, the Great Saviour* j (ii) with the 
same Greek legend accompanied by its literal translation into Kharosthi; and (iii) without 
any inscription. All are distinguished by the presence of a three-pronged symbol ^ 
peculiar to the striker, which may be called the symbol of Soter Megas, while certain types 
almost invariably exhibit in the field the Kharosthi aksara vi. Cunningham suggested that 
this may possibly be the initial of the king’s name, but there is no ground for such a 
hypothesis. He remarked that the want of monograms distinguishes the coins of the 
Nameless King from those of the Indo-Scythian and Indo-Parthian dynasties, and would 
seem to connect him with the Kushans. On the other hand, the horseman is the favourite 
type of the Saka kings—Sir A. Cunningham’s Coins of the Sakas. 

It is possible that these coins were struck by more than one ruler, and that the differing 
types issued from distinct localities. Such rulers might have been subordinate to a single 
suzerain. 

Cunningham says that not one of the types gives even a single letter of any name. 
Coin No. 96 of this Collection, which was No. 2 on p. 52 of the Kodgers Lahore Museum 
Catalogue, exhibits three extra aksaras , which must signify either a name, an epithet, or 
a monetary denomination. This fact did not escape Mr. Rodgers’ notice, as he remarked on 
it, hut made no suggestion as to what the name might be. The word is unfortunately slightly 
off the coin. The first aksara is probably ra, and the last looks like la . All that one can see 
of the second aksara is the lower part of a down-stroke terminating in a slight hook to the 
left, possibly a letter with the u termination. 

When I came to examine the British Museum coins, I found another similar specimen, 
but nothing more of the extra word was legible than the probable aksaras la and $a. Both 
coins have been published in my paper 1 Two Coins of Soter Megas’, J.R.A.S ., July, 1913. 



162 


INDO-PAKTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 




No. 


Obverse 

Reverse 

M 




102 

As on No. 100. 

As on No. 100. 

Two coins 

W. 128. 

S. *8. 



108 




Twenty 

S. *8—85. 


’7 

coins 




104 

Two coins 

W. 123. 

>3 

*3 

but square forms of the Greek 


8. *8. 


letters. 


The above twenty-six coins are typical specimens of this very 


abundant type. They exhibit both the round and square forms of 
the Greek letters, and differ largely in style and workmanship. The 
bust may be intended for the representation of a deity. If it is the 
king, there is little or no attempt at portraiture. 

105 

W. 84. 

8. *65. 

33 

33 

106 

■W. 31. 

S. -55. 

33 

33 

107 

Two coins 

s. *5. 

33 

G.B. 

108 




Thirteen 

8. *5—6. 


37 

coins 





(S) Type 

; diademed bust of king and Zeus, with Greek 



inscription only 

; copper, round 

109 1 

Diademed bust of king to r. 1 

Standing Zeus with long sceptre 

no 

To r. M. 9. 


in 1. hand and thunderbolt in r. 


¥. 56. 


Corrupt Greek legend as on 
No. 100. 

S. -65. 


1 This coin is of what has been called the Mathura type—see L M. Cat., voL i, and 
Cunningham’s Coins of the Sahas. I have found it in Delhi and Jagadhri, and it probably was 
current in what is now the S.E, Panjab. Under the thunderbolt on the reverse side 
is an object which Cunningham called a monogram formed of the Greek letters TT and A , 
and which Prof. Gardner described as an altar. I think that coin No. 112 clearly shows that 
this object is merely the lower part of the thunderbolt. The die-sinker’s idea of a thunderbolt 
was vague, and on this coin the bolt is terminated at the ends by a bow and trident 
respectively. 




SOTER MEGAS 


163 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

M 


in 

As on No. 109. 


S. -7. 

112 

55 

G .7 


Reverse 


As on No. 109. 


PL XVI. 




113 1 


114 


(e) Type: deity ivith cornucopiae , no legend; copper, round 


Within dotted border erect nude 
figure with long sceptre in r. hand 
and drapery over 1. arm. 

To r. Kh. vi. 

To L M. 9. 

Possibly Siva, cp. figure on type 
(yj) of Gondophares and on the 
gold coins of Wema Kadphises. 

W. 25. 

S. -45. 


8 . *5. 

Unrepresented types: None. 


Within dotted border draped 
figure standing to r. } holding 
cornucopiae. 

To r. flower-pot containing plant. 
To 1. M. 2. 

PL XVI. 


55 


M 

115 


HEEAOS (MIAOS ) 2 * 

(a) Type: bust of king and horseman, ivith Greek 
inscription only; silver , round 


Within reel and pellet border, 
diademed bust of king to r. 

W. 196. 

S. 1-2. 


King on horseback to r., fol¬ 
lowed by flying figure of Nike 
with wreath. 

Greek legend TYANNONTOX 
HAOY KOUANOY 

In exergue a word which has 
been variously interpreted as 
XANAB and XAKA. On this 
specimen it looks like 2EAKA. 

G. B. PL XVI. 


1 This rare type is not represented in the existing B, M. Cat, hut was described and 
illustrated by Cunningham in The Coins of the Sakas . The British Museum now possesses 
several specimens, and these clearly show the absence of any inscription : the attribution is 
certain owing to the presence of the characteristic Soter Megas symbol. The Hindu symbol 
of the pot and plant is common to this type and to the bilingual type. It is found on 
ancient Hindu coins, e.g. I. If. Cat., vol. i, Pl. XXII. 19. 

2 The coins of the ruler whose name has been read as Heraos or Miaos, have been much 

discussed. Pull references are given on p. 9 of Prof. E. J. Rapson’s * Indian Coins 9 (Grundriss der 



164 


INDO-PARTHIAN* KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

i 


(/?) Type: bust of king and standing figure, with Greek 

M 

inscription only; silver, round 

110 

Within dotted border, bust of 

Standing figure. 


king to r. 

Greek legend -1AIIHO - - 

---□HANDY 


W. 11. 

S. 45. 

G. B. 

117 


Same design, but Greek legend 


W. 11. 

reads - IAIOY - IANOY 


S. -45. 

Unrepresented type : 

G. B. PL XVI. 


Bust of king. 

1 Horseman with Nike flying after 

1 

Cunningham, PL IX. 3. M 

A doubtful attribution. 

Two coins in B. M. 

him. 


HYRKODES 1 


(a) Type: bust of king and standing figure, Greek legend 


only; silver, round 

118 

Diademed bust of king to r. 

Draped figure standing to front 


To 1. YPKCOAOY 

with long sceptre or spear in r. 
hand ; flames issuing from shoul- 


W. 30. 

ders. 


S. *6. 

To r. - - - OYKYO - - - 


indo-arischen PMlologie und Alt&riumskunde ), to which may now be added Mr. J. Kennedy’s 
recent note in J.R.A.S., 1913, pp. 124-7. Cunningham remarks that these coins are 
altogether exceptional, as they consist entirely of tetradrachms and obols. He should have 
qualified this observation owing to his own tentative attribution of a copper coin to Heraos. The 
Parthian style of the bust on the tetradrachm, together with the design of the king on horse¬ 
back accompanied by the flying Kike, connect this currency with that of the Indo-Parthians, 
amongst which I have put it. On the other hand Prof. Gardner held that Heraos was a king 
of the Sakas owing to the presence of the word he read as X AK A. Yet again we have the 
additional epithet which may be interpreted as Kushanou, and Heraos then becomes a 
Kushan ruler, as held by Mr. Vincent Smith— I. M. Cat, vol. i. 

While the tetradrachm is Parthian in style, the obols appear to have been directly 
imitated from those of the early Bactrian rulers. 

1 A word of explanation is required here as to why the coins of Hyrkodes and the other 
rulers placed after him in this Catalogue, have been included in this section. I have placed 
Hyrkodes and Phseigacharis with Heraos because of similarity of the types. The coins of 
Rajula, of the two Odumbara rajahs, and the Indo-Chinese coins are of approximately the same 
period, and have been included because they were in the Collections from which the present 
Cabinet was formed, and though worthy of record, would otherwise have remained uncata¬ 
logued. I have separately noted other points of interest. 




HYRKODES 


165 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

119 

As on No. 118. 

W. 27. 

S. *6. 


As on No. 118. 

Tor.--- OYKYCO - - 

To 1. - -- OAOIIAO- 

PI. XVI. 

120 

8 . *55. 


To 1. OAON - - - 

121 

s. *65. 

i 

& 

Tor. MAKAPO - - 

To 1. OPAH - - POY 

On this specimen the long spear 
or staff is radiate. 

122 

W4 

r 5 ^ 

00 

i 

i 

To r. - - - AKAPOY 

To 1. OHA 

123 | 

Three coins 

8. *5. 


a. b. 

124 

Five coins 

S. -5-6. 




(j8) Type: bust of king and horse’s head, Greek legend only; 
silver, round 

125 

As on No. 118. 

W. 24. 

S. -5. 


Head and forequarters of bridled 
horse to r. 

To l YPKCO - - - 

PL XVI. 

126 

jj 

W. 14. 

a -45. 


5? 

127 

J5 

W. 41. 

8. -7. 


(barbarous) 

128 

Two coins 

5? 

a * 45 . 


G. B. 

1535 

Unrepresented types t 

: None. 

M 



166 


INDO-PARTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

PHSEIGACHARIS 

129 

In reel and pellet border, bust 
of king to r. 

W. 40. 

S. *6. 

Standing radiate figure of 
Herakles with club and lion’s skin. 

Greek legend <f>CEirAXAPSC 

G. B. PL XVI. 


Unrepresented types: None. 



SAPALEIZES 


Unrepresented type: 

Helmeted bust of king to r. 

B. M. Cat. , PI. XXIV. 14, 15. M 

j Lion to r. with Greek inscription 

1 NANAIA. 


EAJUVULA (BAJULA), Satrap of Mathura 

Bi. 

(a) Type : bust of king and Pallas ; billon, round 

ISO 

Corrupt Greek legend. 

Diademed bust of king to r. 

W. 37. 

S. ‘6. 

Pallas with aegis and thunder¬ 
bolt to 1. 

Kh. legend partly off coin but 
probably Apmiihatamkrasa chatra 
pasa Bajavulasa. 

To r. Kh. ha. 

To 1. Kh. sti. 

G. B. 

181 

Two coins j 

Similar to No. 130. 

a . 55 . 

Similar to No. 130. 

PL XVI. 

132 

Four coins 

n 

S. .5. 


Lead 

(/3) Type: lion and Herakles; lead, round 

183 1 

Corrupt Greek legend. 

Lion to r. 

W. 76. 

a -6. 

Herakles standing to front. 

! Kh. legend illegible on this coin, 
but probably similar to that on 
No. 130. 


1 Tliis specimen of Rajula’s lead coinage is illegible, but I bave five specimens, one of 
wJilcb gives the Kharostbi word Eajatasa or Eajulasa quite distinctly. From a com¬ 
parison I read the Kharosthi legend on my coins as- irapasa Eajalasa apratiha _, 



INDO-CHINESE RULERS 


167 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

JE 

INDO-CHINESE RULERS 1 

134 

Chinese characters Luh tchu 

Horse or wild ass to r. 

135 

tsien, i. e. s six tchu (of) money \ 

W. 50. 

8 . -75. 

Kh. legend - tira 

G. B. PI. XYI. 


ODUMBARA RAJAHS 

M 

DHARAGHOSA 

130 

Figure standing to front. 1 

Tree in railing, and trident- 


Kh. legend - devasa rajna 

battleaxe. 


Dharaghosasa 

Brahmi legend as on obverse 


Across field ViSjpamitra. 

- sa rajna Dharaghosasa - 


W. 37. 

8 . *7. 

Pl. XYI. 


RUDRAVARMA 

137 

Bull to r. ; in field, flower. 

Elephant to r. 


Kh. legend 

Brahmi legend as on obverse. 


Rajna vamakisa 

To r. trisnl. 


Rudravarmasa mjayata. 

8. *7. 

Above, Kb. ha. 

PL XVI. 


that is to say, a similar Inscription to that on No. 130. I find that the coins of this type in 
the British Museum have already been included by Prof. E. J. Bapson in the currency 
Rajula, but the present is the first publication of their attribution to this ruler. Also see 
Lead Coins, No. IX of Part II of Mr. Vincent Smith’s 1 Numismatic Notes and Novelties’, 
J.A.S.B., 1897. Coin No. 115 of Part I of the White King Sale Catalogue is a lead coin of this 
type, and was wrongly attributed to Strato II. 

1 All the Indo-Chinese coins come from Khotan and its neighbourhood, and must be 
referred to the first and second centuries a. d. A full and interesting description of this 
currency is contained in Dr. Hoemle’s paper ‘ Indo-Chinese Coins in the British Collection of 
Central Asian Antiquities Indian Antiquary, 1899. Two sixes are known in copper only, the 
large and the small, and the specimens in this Collection belong to the latter category. 
The Chinese legend merely gives the monetary denomination of the coins. The large variety 
is equivalent to one Hang and four tchu of copper money, while the small variety weighs 
six tchu. 

The name of the ruler is given on the Kharosthi side. Cunningham read the name on the 
large coin known to him as Meramayasa (Hermaios)—see his Coins of Alexander's Successors in the 
East— but this is incorrect. The name is given by Dr. Hoemle as Gugramaya, and he remarks 
that there are altogether five varieties of royal names, all commencing with Gugra. 

M 2 



168 


INDO-PARTHIAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 


Reverse 

Copper and 
lead alloy 


Unidentified 

138 1 

- - - ATPAHOY MEf AAO - - 
- - - OY 

Horse standing to r. 

W. 150. 

S. *9. 

Herakles with club and lion’s 
skin in 1. hand and r.arm extended. 
Kh, legend Chafrapasa mahatasa 

dhramihasa - 

To r. Kh. dhra. 

To 1. Kh. ma. PL XVI. 

138 

M 

W. 165. 

S. *95. 


53 

MO 

Diademed bust to r. as 
of Rajula. 

W. 37. 

on coins 

Deity. 

Kh, legend - sa saja - 

141 

y> 

Corrupt Greek legend. 
W. 37. 


Pallas with aegis and thunder¬ 
bolt to r. 

Kh. legend illegible. 


SUPPLEMENTARY 

SANABARES 

(i) Silver coin of the Arsakid type. PI. XVII. 

B. if. Cat JR Drachm. 

(ii) Copper coin of the In&o-Parthian type, Pl. XVII. 

but with Greek legends only. 

B. M. Cat M 

VIJAYAMITRA’S SON 

(iii) Mounted king to r. Standing deity. 

Now in R. M. M PI. XVII. 

See Cunningham. A coin either of the 
Indo-Scythians or Indo-Parthians. 

SAPALEIZES 

(iv) Helmeted bust of king to r. I Dion to r. with name of goddess 

B. if. Cat M Hemidrachm. I NANAI A. PL XVII. 

ARSAKES THEOS 

(v) Horse to r. Row in case. Pl. XVII. 

Now in R. M. Sq. M 

Illustrated at B. M. Cat., Pl. XXXII. 12. 

' 1 There are two specimens of this interesting coin in the present Collection, while there 
are three in the British Museum, one of which, however, is quite illegible. The type has 
never been identified or discussed. The metal connects it with the lead currencies of 
Strato II and of Rajula, but in execution and legibility it is superior to either, and must 
belong to a comparatively early period. I am fairly satisfied with my readings, and think 
that the only word unelucidated is the name of the satrap. Coin No. 138 shows that this 
name is very short, and on the Kharosthi side there is only room for two dksaras } or three at 
the very most, in addition to the usual genitive termination sa 9 which is plainly visible. 



SECTION III 


COINS OF THE KUSHANS 



INTRODUCTION 


The few and disconnected facts that have been gleaned concerning 
the Greek principalities in Bactria and India, have come almost 
entirely from the study of their coins. But we have more detailed 
information about the time and immediate cause of their fall. 
Occasional notices in Strabo and Justin give us the bare informa¬ 
tion that an irruption of Scythian tribes of various names—Asii, 
Pasiani, Toehari, and Sakarauli—made an end of the Greek dominion 
in Bactria and Sogdiana. The classical notices have been thoroughly 
discussed by J. Marquart in his brilliant work EranSakr (Berlin, 
1901), a historical geography of the old Indo-Scythian territories 
between the Oxus and Indus. For more precise data as to the time 
of this event, the true origin of the tribes which finally supplanted 
Greek rule, and the spread of their power towards India, we have 
to turn to other sources of information, namely the records preserved 
for us in the annals of the Chinese dynasty of the Hans. 

“A statement recorded during the period of the Former Han 
Dynasty (206 b.c.-a.d. 24) clearly identifies the Great Yue-chi 
people (Ta-Yue-chi) with the invaders of Bactria in the second 
century before the Christian era. Originally, so the text asserts, 
the Great Yue-chi lived a nomad life beyond the north-western 
frontiers of China. With their flocks they moved hither and thither 
over those vast tracts like their neighbours, the hordes of the 
Hiung-nu. In 201 b. c., and again in 165 B. c., they were attacked 
by the same powerful Hiung-nu, the Huns of later days. On the 
last occasion their king was slain, and his skull turned into a drinking 
bowl, and the Yue-chi themselves^ driven to forsake their camping 
grounds, wandered far to the west. Here, after a victory over the 
Ta-hia, the nation occupying Bactria, the Great Yue-chi settled down 
in the tracts north of the Oxus. It was there that the Chinese envoy 
Chang-kian, on his famous mission which first opened up a know¬ 
ledge of the c Western Regions 5 to the Chinese, came across them 
in 126 B. c. Some time after his visit, in what year does not 
definitely appear, the Great Yue-chi crossed the Oxus, and made 
themselves masters of the Ta-hia capital south of that river. The 
territory they thus secured was bounded to the west by the A-si, 



KUSHAM KINGS 


172 

or the kingdom of the Arsaeidae, and to the south by Ki-pin, that is, 
the Upper Kabul Valley. . . . The victors split up the conquered 
territory among five chiefships, and remained in it for a hundred odd 
years. Then one of the five princes, named Kieu-tsieu-khio according 
to the Chinese account, and chief of the Kuei-shuang tribe, attacked 
and conquered the other four Yue-chi principalities. Uniting thus 
the whole people under one sway, he founded the mighty Kuei-shuang 
empire, so named after the ruling family. Led by this king the 
Yue-chi crossed the Hindukush mountains, the southern frontier of 
Bactria. Kao-fu, the present Kabul, fell before them, and they made 
themselves complete masters of Ki-pin, the valley of the Upper 
Kabul River, and the adjoining territories. After these conquests 
Kieu-tsieu-khio died in the eightieth year of his age. His son and 
successor Yen-kao-tsin-tai, according to the Annals of the Later Han 
Dynasty, conquered India proper, and established there generals who 
ruled in the name of the Yue-chi. From this time forward the 
Yue-chi nation is said to have grown rich and powerful. 

“ The information here briefly summarized from the Chinese Annals, 
gives a clear indication of the rise of one of the greatest empires 
of ancient India. It likewise renders possible the correct interpre¬ 
tation of the data which have come down to us in the shape of the 
coins and other remains of this fascinating epoch. To begin with, we 
learn from it the true origin and name of the people which formerly, 
on the strength of notes by a few Greek geographers, we had known 
under the convenient but really very indefinite title of Indo-Scythians. 
In the Kuei-shuang tribe of the Chinese records, European scholars 
very soon recognized the Kushans of the Armenian Chroniclers. 
This name also led to the exact determination of a large and in¬ 
teresting series of coins from which, besides the authentic names 
of the Kushan rulers, we are enabled to learn also much of importance 
concerning the history of their dominion.” ‘White Huns and Kindred 
Tribes in the History of the Indian Norfch-West Frontier by Sir 
Aurel Stein, Indian Antiquai'y, 1905. 

In the Introduction to Section I of this work, I have stated that 
coins of the Indo-Greek prince Hermaios are known which bear 
on the Kharosthi side the name of a barbaric ruler, Kujulakasa, 
the Kushana. When without further alteration of the type, we find 
that the name of this Kushan chief in the form KOZOYAO 
KAA4>IZHC makes its appearance also on the Greek side of the 
coinage, and the name of Hermaios finally disappears, then it becomes 
certain that this Kadphises, leader of the Kushan race, was the 
conqueror who subverted, the Greek dominion in Kabul, and that 
in him we must recognize the ruler whose name the Chinese 



INTRODUCTION 173 

transcription, always cumbersome and phonetically defective, repro¬ 
duces as Kieu-tsieu-khio. 

On the strength of the numismatic evidence we must regard as 
successors of Kozoulo or Kujula Kadphises two other Kushan princes 
who call themselves on their coins KOZOAA KAAA4>EC (Kuyula- 
kaphsa) and OOHMO K A A<M CHC (Vimakapisa) respectively. Pro¬ 
bably Kozola Kadaphes is to be identified with Kozoulo Kadphises. 
In any case OOHMO KAA«f>fCHC, often transliterated as Wema 
Kadphises, 1 is admitted to be the ruler called by the Chinese Yen-kao- 
tsin-tai or Yen-kao-tchen, who overthrew both Greeks and Sakas, 
and was the conqueror of Northern India. This conclusion is borne 
out by the character of the coinage. The monetary issues of Kozoulo 
(Kujula) Kadphises are known in copper only. Those modelled on 
the Hermaios currency have the bust of Hermaios obverse, and 
standing Herakles reverse. Other known types are the bull and 
Bactrian camel coins, and the so-called Macedonian soldier type. 
The obverse design of the latter piece is a conventional head turned 
to the right, and wearing a peculiar helmet with two recurved horns; 
the reverse is that of an armed soldier wearing a helmet which 
resembles a Icawsia. Of the two types bearing the name of Kadaphes, 
one shows in the representation of the king’s head an unmistakable 
imitation of the head of one of the early Roman Emperors. The 
other is the seated Buddha and standing Zeus type. On none of 
these are we given a portrait of Kujula Kadphises himself. In the 
Greek legends of the coins the only regal epithet used by the king 
is a title corresponding to the Turkish word jabgw, c chief ’—see 
footnote in this Catalogue descriptive of the Buddha type of 
Kadaphes, also Mr. J. Kennedy’s ‘The Secret of Kanishka’, 

1912, pp. 669, 1002, 1003. The only' inscriptions that go further 
are the Kharosthi legends on the Kujula Kadphises bull and camel 
type. In these the king is called e The great king, the king of kings, 
the son of heaven’—see Cunningham, Nvm. Ghron 1892, p. 66. 
The Greek legends on this type are quite barbarous and illegible. 

In striking contrast with the above coins are those of Wema 
Kadphises. This monarch has an extensive bilingual gold and copper 
coinage of striking design and good workmanship. The obverse 
design gives us a life-like representation of the Central Asian invader. 
As a rule we see him standing, clothed with a long open coat reaching 
to the knee, very similar to the Turkish heavy overcoat. He also 
wears a tall cap and long boots. The reverse, without a single 
exception, is confined to the worship of the Indian deity 6iva. The 

1 Or preferably Vima Kadphises. See p. 11 of Professor E. J. Rapson’s On the 
Alphabet of the Kharosthi Documents, Paris, 1905. 



174 


KUSHAN KINGS 


legends are plainly legible in both languages. On the copper coinage 
the king is given the full suzerain titles of BACIAEYC BAG A€U)N 
C(ji)THP MCfAC, while in the Kharosthi inscription he is called 'The 
great king, king of kings, lord of the world, the Mahi&vara, the defender’. 
Mahisvara is a name of 6iva, so perhaps Vima Kadphises claimed to be 
an incarnation of the Indian destroying deity. Only one single piece 
is known in silver of the Kadphises dynasty, and that is a coin almost 
exactly resembling the ordinary small copper type of Vima Kadphises, 
but struck in silver—J3. M. Cat, Pl. XXV. 11. Cunningham sug¬ 
gested that this piece was intended for the equivalent of the Roman 
silver denarius — Num. Ghron. s 1892, p. 70. But if the coin were 
struck for ordinary circulation, it is very improbable that it would 
have remained unique for more than seventy years—the coin is 
figured in Ariana Antiqna % published in 1841. I should be inclined 
to regard it in the nature of a proof-piece. 

In the chronological order generally accepted by numismatists up 
to the present, the Kadphises group was succeeded by the following 
Kushan princes in the order named: 

Kanishka. 

Huvishka. 

Vasu Deva. 

Between Kanishka and Huvishka came a ruler named Vasishka, 
but his coins, if he issued any, have not yet been identified. It was 
in the times of Kanishka and Huvishka that the power of the 
Kushan Empire reached its zenith. According to the Rdjatarangim 
both rulers were Turushkas, that is to say, of Turkish stock. So 
probably was Vasu Deva, but he assumed an Indian name. These 
questions were discussed by Prof. Sten Konow of Christiania in a paper 
on the nationality of the Kushanas, read before the International 
Congress of Historical Studies, London, 1913. Their barbarian origin 
notwithstanding, these rulers testified to their religious leanings by 
the founding of numerous monasteries and shrines. The name of 
Kanishka is prominent in the history of Buddhism in North-West 
India. 

Kanishka, Huvishka, and Vasu Deva coined extensively in gold 
and copper, and these coins exhibit legends in the Greek script alone. 
The only possible exception to this statement is the unique bilingual 
copper piece which may have contained the name of Huvishka— 
Cunningham, Num. Chron., 1892, p. 82. In addition to this fact, 
the coins are differentiated from the issues of the Kadphises group by 
their general design and style. The issues of the Kanishka group 
are found in such profusion throughout North-West India that this 



INTRODUCTION 


175 


fact alone is a clear indication of the power and prosperity of the 
Kushan rule. Sir Aurel Stein has remarked that the copper coins 
of Kanishka and other Kushan sovereigns are to be got in such 
numbers in the bazars of the Western Panjab, Kashmir, and Kabul, 
that one might almost say that they have remained in circulation for 
eighteen centuries. Gold coins also of Kanishka and Huvishka have 
come to light in these parts in relatively large numbers. 

The effigy of Kanishka on the coins closely resembles the standing 
figure of Vima Kadphises, and is radiate. On the small gold pieces 
we are given a half or quarter length portrait, but this is quite 
distinct from the similar portraiture of Vima Kadphises. The 
usual representation of Huvishka on his abundant gold coinage is 
a characteristic head or half-length figure in four different styles— 
see Cunningham, Rum. Ckron 1892, p. 98. On the copper coins 
the king is generally represented as riding an elephant, reclining 
on a couch, or seated in a cross-legged attitude. He is never shown 
standing, as on the coins of Vima Kadphises and Kanishka. But 
the monetary issues of Vasu Deva invariably depict him in an attitude 
closely resembling the standing figure of Kanishka. The reverse 
sides of the coins of Kanishka and Huvishka present us with a strange 
and extensive gallery of deities with Greek, Buddhist, Indian, and 
Iranian names. Mr. J. Kennedy remarks that it was from Babylonia 
and Mesene that Kanishka derived the greater part of his pantheon, 
a pantheon perhaps without an equal until Heliogabalus in his youthful 
extravagance assembled all the gods of the Empire on the Capitol at 
Rome to do homage to the black stone of Emesa— c The Secret of 
Kanishka1912, p. 1003. In his Coins of the Rushans , 
Cunningham gives a list of thirty-three types. The deities, mainly 
Zoroastrian in character, are also described in Stein’s Zoroastrian 
Deities on Indo-Bcythian Coins , and in the British Museum Catalogue. 
For other references see Professor E. J. Rapson’s Indian Coins , p. 18, 
§ 73. The full pantheon of some thirty deities is confined to the medals 
of Kanishka and Huvishka. Vasu Deva figures only the goddesses 
Nana and Ardokhsho, and the Indian Oesho or 6iva. Much has 
already been written on this subject, and I do not propose to deal 
with it at any greater length in this Introductory Note. A full list 
of the deities is given in the Catalogue. 

It would seem that not long after the reign of Vasu Deva, the 
external power of the Kushans was considerably reduced. The rise 
of the Gupta Empire is dated from the fourth century, and it would 
appear that the Kushan dominion was forced back into the territories 
where it had originally grown into power, the Kabul Valley, and 
Gandhara. It is to this decadent period that we must ascribe the 



176 


KUSHAN KINGS 


coins issued by kings using the names of Kanishko and Vasu (Deva). 
Gold coins of the Vasu Deva type continued to be struck in Gandhara 
by chiefs of the original Yue-chi stock, who are usually known as the 
Lesser Kushans. The so-called Kushano-Sassanian pieces, the result 
of Sassanian invasions of the Kabul Valley, are found on the Sis tan 
side, and were probably struck in the fourth and fifth centuries 
of our era. A copper coinage, very much debased, but undoubtedly 
designed on the old Kushan model, persisted in Kashmir from the 
sixth to the sixteenth century. 

The widest divergence of opinion exists as to the position in time, 
and the sequence of the Kadphises and Kanishka groups of Kushan 
kings. Numismatists have usually had no hesitation in placing the 
Kadphises group before the Kanishka group, and I have followed 
this convention. For a typical presentment of this view see 
H. Oldenberg’s { The Era of Kaniska Journal of the Pali Text 
Society , 1912. Mr. Vincent Smith— I. M. Cat., vol. i, p. 64—holds 
that the following chronology of accessional dates is approximately 
correct: 

Kadphises I A. D. 45 or 50. 

Kadphises II (Wema Kadphises) A. D. 85. 

Kanishka a. n. 120. 

Huvishka a. d. 150. 

Vasu Deva a,d. 180. 

No less than eleven theories have been broached regarding the 
date of Kanishka. They carry the initial year in which the Kushan 
inscriptions are dated over a period ranging from 58 B. c. to A. D. 278 
—see V. A. Smith, ‘The Kushan Period of Indian History', J.R. A.S., 
1903, and R. D. Banerji', ‘The Scythian Period of Indian History 
Indian Antiquary, 1908. Dr. J. F. Fleet holds that Kanishka 
established the era dating from 58 B. c., which subsequently became 
known as the Vikrama era. This view involves the assumption that 
the Kanishka group preceded the Kadphises kings. It is only a year 
ago that Mr. J. Kennedy in his paper, ‘The Secret of Kanishka 
J.R.A.S., 1912, has with much learning and ingenuity advocated 
this theory afresh. A reply by Dr. Thomas, Librarian of the India 
Office, and the subsequent discussion, are reported in the Journal 
of the Royal Asiatic Society for the present year, 1913. The entire 
ground is fully covered by these contributions, to which I refer the 
reader. The final decision still awaits the excavator's find. 

The copper issues of the Kushans are strongly represented in this 
Collection. The Buddha type of Kadaphes makes its appearance 
in a Museum Catalogue for the first time, and very few of the copper 
types of Kanishka and Huvishka are missing. There are four specimens 



INTRODUCTION 


177 


of a new type belonging in all probability to Kanishka. As regards the 
gold coinage, there are a fine double stater of Vima Kadphises, and a few 
specimens of the rarer types of Kanishka and Huvishka. But on the 
whole the gold Kushan issues are very inadequately represented, and 
the Collection in this respect is immeasurably inferior to the superb 
British Museum Cabinet. However, as I have already remarked in 
the Introduction to the first Section, it must be remembered that 
the British Museum contains Sir Alexander Cunningham's entire 
Collection, and Cunningham’s Collection represents the cream of the 
entire output of Indo-Greek coins for more than fifty years (1840- 
1895 approx). 

A word as to forgeries. Mr. Vincent Smith mentions certain very 
clever forgeries of rare Kushan gold coins which were so well executed 
that they could be ascribed with confidence to the skill of a Rawalpindi 
dealer who was able sometimes to deceive the very elect, including 
Sir Alexander Cunningham himself—Z M. Cat, vol. i, p. 65. The 
Lahore Museum Cabinet of Forgeries contains one or two of the 
original dies from which these imitations were struck. A numis¬ 
matist who has the advantage of collecting in India itself, and is 
in constant touch with the Rawalpindi dealers, can generally detect 
even the best of their manufactures. But Mr. J. Allan has pointed 
out to me that some of the most realistic forgeries go back to earlier 
years. The Kushan gold coins in the British Museum, most of 
which came from Cunningham, do not include a single specimen of 
the characteristic Rawalpindi imitations. A few gold forgeries kept 
in the British Museum Cabinet have been there more than sixty 
years. One of these, a coin of Vasu Deva, is illustrated in Asiatic 
Researches, vol. xvii (1832). Cunningham wrote about forgeries as 
early as 1842. It is probable that some of the imitations to which 
Mr. Vincent Smith refers, were made before the days of the dealer 
he suspects. 

As regards the Rawalpindi dealers, it must be remembered that 
the best of the genuine coins and other antiques still pass through 
their hands. They are well known throughout the Frontier, they 
constantly visit the likely find spots, and spare no pains in acquiring 
valuable specimens. 

Several of the rarer Kushan gold types are forged, but I have never 
seen a forged copper coin. 



178 


COINS OF THE KUSHANS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


HERMAIOS with KUJULA KADPHISES 

M 

(a) Type : bust of Hermaios ancl Herakles; copper, round 

1 1 

Bust of Hermaios, diademed, to r. 
Above, BACIAEnZ ZTHPOZ 
ZY 

Below, EPMAIOY 

W„ 115. 

S. -9. 

Herakles facing, with lion’s skin 
on 1. arm; club resting on ground, 
in r. hand. 

Kh. legend Kujula Kasasa 
Kusana ya[yugasa dhramatliidasa] 

pi. xvn. 

2 

1 S. *9. 

G. B. 

a 

W. 139. 
a *9. 


4 

W. 97. 

a -9. 

35 

5 

W. 156. 
a *95. 

33 

6 ' 

j? 

a *9. 

33 


1 On the supposition that ZTHPD1Z is a contraction of ZHTHPOZ? Cunningham 
offered a conjectural explanation of the puzzling particle ZY, which he tended to regard 
as a prefix to the name EPMAIQY —p« 46 of Coins of the Kushans. But Professor EL J. 
Bapson has rightly pointed out that ZY is really attached to ZTHPOZ? and discusses 
the possibility of a single epithet ZTH POZZY? corresponding to some Kharosthi word— 
see c Two Notes on Indian Numismatics \ J.R.A.S., 1897. 




HERMA10S with KUJXJLA KADPHISES 


179 


M 

7 

Two coins 


As on No. 1. 
S. -9. 


As on No. I. 


KUJXJLA KADPHISES (KADPHISES I) 

(a) Type : bust of Hermaios and Herakles; copper, round 

KOZOYAOY j K AA<J>1Z0Y | Herakles standing to front, with 

KDPCOAOY r. hand resting on club, and lion’s 

Diademed bust of Hermaios to r. skin oyer 1. arm. 

The corrupt Greek inscription Kh. legend Kujula Kasasa Ku- 
yaries on different coins. sana yavugasa dhramathidasa. 


In field, Kh. sam. 



S. *9. 


G. B. 

9 

Two coins 

W. 128. 

S. *85. 

*3 

To r. Kh. bu. 

To 1. M. 1. 

G. B. 

10 

Two coins 

S. *9. 

33 

33 

No monograms. 

11 

W. 96. 

S. -75. 

3? 

S3 

To r. Kh. pa. 

12 

Two coins 

W. 58. 

S. *8. 

3 3 

33 

No monograms 
illegible. 

IS 

Two coins 

W. 22. 

S. *65. 

33 

33 


PI. XVII. 


- -- ADtAACtHCEND - - - Standing deity, probably Hera- 

Diademed bust of Hermaios to r. kies, with head turned to r. 

Kh. legend- [fchtsana ya- 

B. *9. \v\u - rmathidasak[u] - 


15 As on No. 8; Greek legend As on No. 8. 

quite corrupt. 


W. 74. 
S. *85. 





180 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


M 

16 1 


(/?) Type: hull ancl Badrian camel, with name 
Knjula Kara Kadphises; copper, round 


Corrupt and illegible Greek 
legend. 

Bull to r.; above, M. 2; to r. 
Kb. monogram. 

W. 167. 

8 . - 9 . 


Two-humped camel to r. 
Ivh. legend Maharajasa - - ■ 
To r. Kh. monogram sasam. 
Above, Kh. pa. 


17 

Two coins 


S. *9. 


5J 


5? 


To r. Kh. pu. 
8. *9. 


)? 

Kh. legend- rasa Kay ala 

Kara Kapasa 

To r. Kh. characters. 

G. B. PL XVII. 


W. 148. 
S. *86. 


W. 64. 
8. *65. 


>? 

Kh. legend Maharaja rajadira- 
jasa - 


21 

Four coins 


W. 48. 
S. *6. 


5 J 


Kh. legend illegible. 


22 


55 

8 . *6. 


Maharajasa rajadiraja - - 
G. B. 


23 

Two coins 


8. *55. 




9f 


Unrepresented type: 

4 Macedonian soldier’ type. Cunningham, Pl. XIV. 5 and 6. M 
Several good specimens in B. M. 


1 The various Kharosthi legends on this type are given by Cunningham on pp. ,65 and 66 
of his Coins of the KusMns. See also pp. 208 and 209 of J, MarquarPs JErariSahr. 






KADAPHES 


181 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


KADAPHES 

M 

(a) Type : diademed head^ and enthroned king ; 

copper , round 

24 

XOPANCY ZAOOY KOZO 
AA KAAAcDEC 

Diademed head to r., possibly 
imitated from that of Augustus 
on Roman coins. 

The legends are discussed in 
the footnote on the succeeding 
type. 

King seated to r. on chair. 

Kh. legend - - - - KapJisasa 
sacadhramathitasa KJiusanasa 

yauasa. 

To 1. If. 3. 

<*• B. PL XVII. 


S. -65. 


25 

33 

8 . *65. 

To r. Kh. tra. 

To 1. M. 3. 

26 

W. 48. 

8 . *65. 

As on No. 24. 

Kh. legend Kuyula Kaphsasa 
See. 

27 

35 

W. 49. 

8 . *7. 

35 

28 

33 

W. 52. 

8. -7. 

33 


(j8) Type : seated Buddha 

and Zeus ; copper , round 

29 

Fragments of illegible Kh. 
legend. 

Buddha seated in conventional 
attitude with uncertain object in 
r. hand. 

W. 32. 

8. *6. 

Fragments of illegible Greek 
legend. 

Deity, probably Zeus, wearing 
the diadem, standing to r., with 
r. arm extended and long sceptre 
in 1. hand. 

To 1. Kh. pu, 

PI. XVII. 


1 This type was first published by Mr. Vincent Smith in Part II of his ‘Numismatic 
Notes and Novelties 1897. Of the two specimens described he wrote: ‘ These two 

1535 ' _ 



182 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

30 

As on No. 29. 

As on No. 29. 

G. B. 


S. -6. 



Unrepresented type: 



As type (a), but with Nike on the reverse. M 

Cunningham, Coins of the Kushans, p. 65. 


little coins deserve to be reckoned among the most remarkable of recent numismatic 
discoveries. They add two specimens to the short list of Kusana coins bearing the image 
of Buddha, and prove that the introduction of that image in its conventional form does not 
date from the reign of Kaniska, but goes back at least to the reign of Kadaphes, one of his 
predecessors. ... These Buddha pieces are assigned to Kadaphes on account of the legend 
XOPANCY, which is distinct on one of them, and which is peculiar to the coins of 
Kadaphes.’ The seated Buddha occupies one side, while the other, according to Mr. Vincent 
Smith, hears a Siva and bull design. Later on he published a third similar Buddha coin of 
Kadaphes, of the Zeus (described by Mr. Vincent Smith as a king or god) instead of the S§iva 
and bull type—Part III of ‘ Numismatic Notes and Novelties % J.A.S.B., 1898. There was 
a good specimen in the White King Collection, Sale Catalogue, Part I, No. 860 (illustrated in 
Plate IV) ; I possess four specimens, and have seen two or three more. But all these latter 
are of the Zeus type, and I think that a careful examination of the Plate illustrating Part II 
of ‘ Numismatic Notes and Novelties’, and comparison with the reproductions of the Zeus 
type, will show that the two specimens first published are identical in type with the later 
ones, and that all are of one and the same type—that of Buddha, and the king or god usually 
called Zeus, cp, the obverse design of coins B.M. Cat, PL XXIII. 2 and 3, and XXIV. 1. 

As regards the legends. The White King coin plainly shows the Kharo§thi aksaras 

- la Kadaphasa -, while one of my specimens has - - - sanasa -. The words Kmjula 

Kadaphasa Khusanasa at once suggest themselves, and the legend is probably completed by 
one more word. The new name-form Kadaphasa is interesting. If the name Kadaphes 
is only another form of Kadphises, and if the ruler Kadaphes is identical with Kadphises I, 
a view suggested by Cunningham and J. Marquart, and followed by Mr. Vincent Smith in 
Part I of the Indian Museum Catalogue, we have the four different Kharosthi forms of the 
name—Kasa (on the ordinary Kadphises I coins), Kaphsa (on the ordinary ‘Kadaphes* 
coins), Kadapha on these Buddha coins, and Kau on the ‘ Macedonian soldier’ type of 
Kadphises I—see coin No. IV of Part III of * Numismatic Notes and Novelties’. Our only 
evidence is the coins, and these exhibit four different names in the Kharosthi and two in 
the Creek. 

On pp. 208 and 209 of his MrdnMahr, Berlin, 1901, J. Marquart discusses the legends on the 
coins of Kadphises and Kadaphes. The Kharosthi Kusanayavugasa or Khusanasayattsa has 
the Creek equivalent XOPANCY ZAOOY, and means ‘of the jabgu of the Kushans*. 
Jabgu is a well-known Turkish word for ‘leader’ or ‘ king’. See also Mr. J. Kennedy, ‘The 
Secret of Kanishka*, J.R.A.S., 1912, pp. 669,1002, and 1003. Marquart holds that KOZOAA 
KAAA0EC is merely a variant of KOZOYAOY K AAd>i ZDY, from a compound name 
Kujula Kadphises. It is held that Kujula Kadphises reigned for quite fifty years, and 
a variety of types is to he expected. 



VIMA KADPHISES (KADPHISES II) 


183 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


YIMA (WEMA) KADPHISES (KADPHISES II ) 1 


N 

81 


(a) Type: king enthroned, with Indian deity Siva, 
and bull; gold, round 


BACIAEYC OOHMO KAA 4 > 
ICHC 

The king wearing crested helmet 
and diadem and long, heavy coat, 
seated to front on low conch with 
head turned to 1.; flames issue 
from shoulders; in r. hand a 
thunderbolt, and under the feet 
a footstool. 

To r. M. 4. 

To 1. a club or mace. 

This is a double stater; the 
type is unknown in the stater size. 

W. 242. 

8 . 1 . 


Siva, radiate, standing to front 
with head to L, wearing necklace, 
with long trident in r. hand; 
behind is a bull to r., on which 
the deity appears to be leaning. 

Kh, legend Maharajasa rajadi- 
rajasa mrvaloga iivamsa mahiiva- 
rasa Vima KathphiSasa iradara, 

£ (Coin of) the great king, the 
king of kings, lord of the world, 
the MahiSvara, Vima Kathphiga, 
the defender/ 

Mahi&vara (Mahes) is a name 
of Siva. 

To L M. 2. 

PL XVII 


82 


(P) Type: halflength figure of king, and Siva ; gold, round 


BACIA 6 ---- KAAcHCHC 
Half-length figure of king to r., 
wearing helmet and diadem; 
sceptre in r. hand; flames issue 
from shoulders. 

To h M. 4. 

W. 122. 

8 * *8. 


Siva, wearing necklace, with 
flames issuing from head, but not 
otherwise radiate, standing to 
front, with head to 1.; in r. hand 
long trident-battleaxe, and in 1. 
gourd and tiger skin. 

Kh. legend as on No. 31. 

To r. M. 2. 

To L M. 4. 


88 


BACIAEYC OOHMO KAA 
<S>ICHC 

Half-length figure of king as on 
No. 32, but to 1.; holds club in r. 
hand and ankus in 1. hand. 

To r. M. 4. 


G. B. 


8 . - 8 . 


PL XVIL 


1 Vima is preferable to Wema—see p. It of Professor E. J. Rapson’s On ih& Alphabet of the 
KtmostH Documents, Paris, 1905. 


3ST 2 



184 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Eeverse 

M 

34 

(y) Type : head of king 

in frame; gold, round 

Greek legend as on No. 33. 

Trident-battleaxe. 


Diademed head of king to r. in 

Kh. legend Maharajarajadiraja 


square frame. 

Vima Kapiiasa. 

To r. M. 2. 


¥. 30. 

To 1. M. 4. 


S. 45. 

G. B. PI. XVII. 

35 

S. 4. 

3? 


(S) Type : standing king, and &iva and bull, of three sizes; 


copper , round 


A. Large size 

M 


Siva, radiate, standing to front, 

m 

BAC1A€YC BACIACCON 

CCUTHP M€rAC OOHMO 

wearing necklace, with long tri- 


KAA4ICHC 

dent in r. hand, and leaning with 


King in panoply as on No. 31, 

1. arm on bull. 


standing to front ■with his head 

Kh. legend as on No. 31. 


turned to 1.; makes an offering 

To 1. M. 2. 


with his r. hand over a small altar. 

To r. M. 4 and club (possibly 
a sceptre or ceremonial weapon, 
cp. the mace in recently unearthed 
statue of Kanishka). 

To 1. trident-battleaxe. 

W. 270. 

S. M. 

G. B. PL XVII. 

37-39 


G. B. 

40-45 

» 

3) 

46 

Eleven 

coins 

33 

33 



VIMA KADPHISES (KADPHISES II) 


185 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

B. Middle size 

47 

As on No. 36. 

As on No. 36. 


W. 128. 



S. *9. 


48 


55 


S. -85. 



C. Small size 

48 

35 

55 


W. 65. 

G. B. 

50 

35 

5? 

Two coins 



51 

35 

55 

Three coins 



52 

35 

55 

Three coins 




Unrepresented types: 

Double staters: 

(i) B. Jf. Cat, PI. XXY. 7. 

(ix) Cunningham, Pl. XV. 3. 

(iii) Cunningham, PI. XV. 5. 

(iv) N. S. XIV (head in frame type). 

Staters: 

(v) B. M. Cat,' PL XXV. 8, 

(vi) Type of No. 33, but king diademed only. 

Cunningham, Pl. XV. 6. 

(vii) As type (v), but king helmeted as well as diademed. 

(viii) As type (v), but on reverse Siva and bull. 

(ix) Type of No. 32, but on reverse Siva and bulk 

(x) B.M. Cat , Pl. XXXII. 13. 

All the above coins with the exception of (iv) now in the B. M. 

(xi) The unique silver coin. 

B. M. Cat, Pl. XXV. 11. 

(xii) The unique copper coin exhibiting a bust with two faces. 
Cunningham, Pl. XV. 14. 

(xiii) A variety of type (5) on which the Kh. inscription is replaced 
by a reel and p ellet border. Known in all three sizes. 
Cunningham, PL XV. 10. M 




186 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

JReverse 


KANISHKA 1 

M 

(a) Type: 'with Greek title BACIAEYC BACIAECON; 
one size only; copper, round 

53 2 

BACIACYC BACIAECON 
KANHj>KOY 

King, radiate, standing to L, 
wearing peaked helmet, long 
heavy coat, and trousers ; sacrifices 
at a small altar ; long spear in 1. 

hand. 

HAIOC 

Sun-god, radiate, standing to 1.; 
characteristic halo of sun-rays 
behind head. 

To 1. M. 4. 

G. B. PL XVII. 


W- 133. 

S. *9. 


54 

}5 

G. B. 

55 

Five coins ; 

33 

Gr.B. 

56 

Seven coins 

33 

11 

57 

W. 128. 

S. *9. 

NANAI A 

Goddess Nanaia to r., nimbate 
and diademed; in r. hand short 
sceptre. 

PL XVII. 

58 


33 


1 The strange and extensive gallery of gods and goddesses with their Greek, Indian, and 
Persian names, which adorns the currencies of Kanishka and his successor Huvishka, has been 
discussed in various publications, of which I may mention Cunningham’s Coins of the Kushans 
and Sir A. Stein’s Zoroasirian Deities on Indo-Scythic Coins— see p. 175 of this Catalogue. In the 
case of Huvishka, however, the workmanship of the coins is so poor that specimens which 
at first sight appear to present new and unknown deities are sometimes only variations of 
old types with names blundered and deities wrongly labelled. 

2 Copper coins of Kanishka with his Greek title of Basileos hasileon , are obtainable, though 
much rarer than the common type bearing the title of SMo, The Greek type of gold coin 
is exceedingly rare. In the British Museum Collection are one Helios, one Hephaistos, and 
two with the deity Salene. Ko others are known up to the present. For descriptions see 
Cunningham, Coins of the Kushms* 



KANISHKA 


187 


Metal 

No. 


M 

59 

Six coins 


60 

Two coins 


N 

01 


02 


08 


04 


65 


Obverse 


As on No. 53. 


Eeverse 


As on No. 57. 


(£) Type: with Iranian title |)AONANO|>AO 
(Shdondnoshdo); gold , round 


t>AONANOt>AO KANHt>ICl 
KO^ANO. [Shaondnoshdo Kan %- 
Koshcmo, e Of the king of 
kings, Kanishka, the Kushan.] 
King as on No. 53. 

W. 122. 

8 . * 8 . 


S. -8. 


8 . *75. 


8 . * 75 . 


3 . * 8 . 


MSIPO 

Sun-god to L, as on No. 53. 
To 1. M. 4. 


G. B. 


PL XVII. 


MAO 

Crescented male figure of the 
moon-god, radiate, to 1. j filleted 
sceptre in his 1. hand. 

To 1. M. 4. 

G. B. PI- XVII. 


0H|>0 

Four-armed Siva to L wearing 
garland or necklace; in his four 
hands he bears a trident, goat, 
drum, and gourd with elephant 
goad, respectively. 

To 1. M. 4. 

G.B. 


Pl. XVII. 



188 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

Af 

66 

As on No. 61. 

NANA(>AO 

Goddess to r. as on No. 57. 


S. *8. 

To r. M. 4. 

G. B. PI. XVII. 

67 

{5A0NAN0 KANHf>KI 

AGt>0 


KOf>ANO 

Bearded deity radiate, to L, with 


Half-length portrait of king to 

fillet in r. hand and tongs in 1. 


1., with helm and diadem; spear 

To 1. M. 4. 


in L hand. 

G. B. PI. XVII. 


W. 31. 

S. -5. 



(y) Type : with title |)A0 (Shoo), in three sizes; 

M 

copper. 

round 

68 1 

|3A0 KANHfiKI 

MfOPO 

Two coins 

King as on No. 53. 

Sun-god to I. as on No. 53. 

To 1. M. 4. 


W. 257. 

8 . 1*05. 


60 

i 

» 

99 


8 . M. | 

G. B. 

70 



Three coins 

8 . M. 


71 

5* 

n 

Pour coins 

W. 122 . 

8 . *85. 


72 


99 


8 . *85. 

G.B, 


1 The ordinary type of Kanishka’s copper currency is usually found in three sizes—the 
large, half, and quarter. Occasionally smaller coins come to hand, e.g. Ho. 82. This 
Collection is fairly complete. It includes the rare middle size of NANA, but the following 
sizes and types are wanting: small A©|>0, middle-sized, and small standing Buddha, and 
the sitting Buddha known in the large size only. Cunningham mentions the existence 
of a small-sized A0j)O, but it is not in the B. M. Collection, and I do not otherwise 
know of it. 

Coins Hos. 68-113 vary in the legibility of their obverse inscriptions, but these remain 
invariable throughout. 



KANISHKA 


189 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Eeverse 

M 

78 

Five coins 

As on No. 68. 

W. 55-69. 

8. *7. 

MIYPO 

As on No. 68. 

PL XVXIL 

74 

Two coins 

a 

39 

G. B« 

75 

Three coins 

W. 245. 

8. 1. 

MAO 

Moon-god, radiate, with crescent 
behind shoulders. 

To L M. 4. 

78 ' 

1 v 

PL XVIII. 

77 

Three coins 

33 

39 

G. B. 

78 

W. 130. 

8. -85. 

97 

79 

Two coins 

W. 122-136.” 

37 

80 

Five coins 

W. 67-79. 

8. -75. 

37 

81 

Two coins 

S3 

99 

G. B. 

82 

Two coins 

W. 26. 

8. *5. 

99 

88 

W. 260. 

a i. 

OAAO 

Wind-god, undraped and radi¬ 
ate, running to 1. 

To 1. M. 4. PL XVUX 



190 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

Ho. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

84 

Nine coins 

As on No. 68. 

W. 226-262. 

As on No. 83. 

85 

Two coins 


G. B. 

88 

W. 138. 

S. -85. 

35 

87 

W. 120. 

5? 

88 

W. 78. 

8 . -7. 

3? 

89 

W. 73. 

8 . -7. 

33 

but wind-god to r. with name 
OAAO to 1. 

90 

j? 

8 . -7. 

33 

G. B. 

91 

33 

8 . -75. 

1 G. B. ” Pl. XVIIL 

92 

W. 263. 

8 . 1-05. 

ABpO 

Bearded radiate deity (Hephais- 
tos, god of metals) to 1. with fillet 
in r. hand and tongs in L, which 
rests on hip. 

To 1. M. 4. 

PL XVIII. 

98 

Five coins 

W. 260. 

fi 



KANISHKA 


191 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Keverse 

M 

94 

As on No. 68. 

As on No. 92. 




G. B. 

95 

W. 125. 
S. -85. 

97 

99 

90 

W. 125. 
S. -8. 

99 

97 

97 

W. 264. 

8 . 1. 

9? 

NANA 

Draped goddess to r. carrying 
short sceptre. 

To r. M. 4. 

The name NANA is on L, and 
reads downwards. 

98 

8 . 1*05. 

95 

77 

G. B. 

99 

Four coins 

8 . 1-M. 

75 

57 

hut the word NANA is on the h, 
and reads upwards. 

100 

W. 153. 

8 . *9. 

77 

As on No. 97. 

101 

W. 124. 

S. -8. 

79 

5? 

102 

Two coins 

W. 62. 

8 . -65. 

77 

As on No. 99. 

103 

Three coins 

8 . *65. 

55 

95 

G. B. 



192 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

104 

Two coins 

As on No. 68. 

8 . -65. 

As on No. 99. 

105 

Two coins 

8 . *65. 

but NANA written ANAN 

106 

W. 260. 

8 . L 

0Hj>0 

Four-armed Siva to 1. holding 
noose, drum, long trident, and 
gourd. 

To L M. 4. 

Word 0H|)0 on r. reads down¬ 
wards. 

G. B. PL XVIII. 

107 

Three coins 

8 . 1. 


108 

33 

8 . M. 

but Siva is without trident, and 
the name 0Hf>0 on r. reads up- 
: wards. 

G. B. 

100 

Four coins 

W. 121. 

8 . -8. 

As on No. 106, 

110 

Ten coins 

W. 60-70. 

8. .6-7. 

/ 39 

but Siva is two-armed only; in 
the r. hand is a trident, and in 
the 1. is a gourd, or possibly 
human head, 

111 

Two coins 

33 

99 

G. B. 



KANISHKA 


193 


Metal 

No, 

Obverse 

Reverse 

m 



112 

As on No. 68. 

As on No. 110. 

G.B. 

113 

5 J 

Illegible Greek circular legend 


W. 248. 

in peculiar style. 


8 . 1. 

| 

Buddha, nimbate, facing, stand¬ 
ing in preaching attitude. 

PL XVIII. 

The Greek legend probably 
records the name of Sakya-Muni 
Buddha. See Cunningham, JVum. 
Chron., 1892, pp. 57 and 81. 
Also B, if. Cat, p. lxvi. 


($) Type: king seated on throne, and deity; copper, round 

114 1 

King seated on wide throne 

0H|>0 

Three coins 

with hack and sides, with head 

Two-armed &iva exactly as on 


turned to 1. ; wears a peculiar 

No. 110. 


wide-brimmed hat, and volumi¬ 
nous trousers. 

To r. letters probably reading 
- NH|>KI 

W- 68. 

8 . *65. 

To 1. M. 4. 

115 


MAO 


8 . *65. 

Moon-god as on No. 75. 

To L M. 4. 

PL XVIII. 


1 These four coins of the king seated on throne type were in the Rodgers Collection, and 
are briefly mentioned in his Catalogue, but are otherwise unknown and unpublished. 
I think the attribution to Kanishka is certain because of the size and style, which are 
quite different from those of Huvishka’s copper currency. This new type is known with 
0Hf>0 and MAO reverses only. I found a specimen of the MAO variety some years ago 
in Ambala City, and have identified another in the B. M. Collection. I know of no others. 



194 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


Unrepresented types: 

Staters: 

(i) As type (a) with HAIOC 

(ii) „ CAAHNH 

(iii) „ Hd>A!CTOC 

(iv) As type (/?) with APOOACTTO 


O) 

11 

<DAPPQ 

(vi) 

11 

OPAAfNO 

(vii) 

11 

NANA 

(viii) 

11 

AQpO 

(ix) 

11 

APAOXfX) 

(x) 

11 

BOAAO 

(xi) 

11 

MOZAOOANO 

(xii) 

11 

MANAOBAfO 

Quarter staters: 

(xiii) As type (0) with 

MI0PO 

(xiv) 

11 

A0|>O 

(xv) 

11 

MAO 

(xvi) 

11 

NANAf>AO 

(xvii) 

11 

0Hf>0 

(xviii) 

11 

<t>APPO 

(xix) Type of No. 67, but with MAO 

(xx) 

11 

NANA 

(xxi) 

11 

0Hf>0 


Nearly all the above figured in Cunningham, Coins of the Kushans. All 
now in B. M. except (xiii). Rare types (iv), (vi), and (xi) are much forged. 
For the missing copper types see footnote to No. 68. 


N 

116 


HUVISHKA 

(a) Type: half-length figure of king , and deity 3 
gold, round 


|>AONANO|>AO OOHbK! 
KO|>ANO 

Half-length figure of king to L, 
radiate and diademed, wearing 
rounded helmet and embroidered 
coat: holds ankus in 1. hand, and 
a kind of sceptre in r. hand. 


MIOPO 

Sun-god, with characteristic sun- 
ray halo, to 1. 

To 1. M. 5. 

G. B. 


I S. *8. | 

Cunningham describes four different busts of Huvishka as found on Ms gold coins, 
which he refers to as the A, B, C, and D types—see Nam. Chron., 1892, p. 98, and J. M, Cat, 
vol. i, p. 75. This Collection contains only the B and C types. 



HUVISHKA 


195 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


M 

117 


As on No. 116. 


Ml IPO 


Reverse 


W. 121. 

8 . *8. 


Similar to No. 116, but of better 
execution. 

To L M. 6. 


PL XV1IL 


118 


MIOPO 

Similar to No. 116, but sun-god 
bolds a long sceptre in 1. hand 
and a fillet, or possibly flames, in 
r. hand. 

G. B. 


W. 122. 
S. *75. 


MIPO 

As on No. 116. 


120 


f. 121. 

S. *8. 


Similar to No. 117, but name 
of deity blundered. 


121 


As on No. 116, but somewhat 
different style, and name OOHf)KS 
is written OTHOH^KI. 

8 . * 8 . 


MAO 

Male lunar deity, radiate, to L, 
with long staff or sceptre in r. 
hand, and 1. hand on handle of 
short sword hanging at 1. side. 
Crescent behind shoulders. 

To 1. M. 6. 

G. B. 


122 


As on No. 116. 

8 . * 8 . 


MAO 

Lunar deity as on No. 121, 
but r. arm is outstretched, and a 
knobbed staff, with fillet, is in 1. 
hand. 

To 1. M. 6. 

G. B. 


W. 29. 
8. -5. 


G.B. 


PL XVIII. 



196 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

N 

123 a 1 

As on No. 116. 

MANAOBAFO 

Moon-god seated to front on 
couch, with head turned to r. 

To r. M. 6. 

PL XVIIL 

124 

33 

Mi IPO and MAO 

Solar and lunar deities standing 
face to face; between them M. 6. 

G. B. PL XVIII. 

125 

33 

but king wears a peaked helmet 
and coat of mail with cloak; in 
1. hand in place of the ankns there 
is a lion-standard from which 
hangs a fillet. 

AQpO 

Hephaistos, radiate, to r., with 
hammer in r. hand and tongs in 1. 
To 1. M. 6. 

G-. B. PL XVIII. 

126 

As on No. 125, but the standard 
in the 1. hand resembles a spear. 

W. 122. 

8 . *8. 

<f>APO 

Male deity (god of fire), radiate, 
to L, with purse in outstretched r. 
hand and long sceptre in 1. 

To 1. M. 6. 

PL XVIII. 

127 

As on No. 126. 

<t>APPO 

As on No. 126. 

0. B. 

128 

As on No. 116. ; 

cf>APP0 

Deity to r., radiate, with r. hand 
at side, and long filleted staff in 

1. hand. 

To r. M. 6. 

G. B. ; 

120 

W. 122. 

8. ‘85. 

pi. xvm. 


1 This type is the most forged of all the gold coins of Kanishha and Himshka, bnt 

I think this specimen is genuine. 



HUVISHKA 


197 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

130 

As on No. 126. 

APA0Xf>0 

Goddess to r. holding cornuco- 

piae in both hands. 

To r. M. 6. 

G. B. 

181 

W. 122. 

S. *8. 

APA0Xf>0 

As on No. 130, but goddess to 1. 
To l.-M. 6. 

PL XVIII. 

182 

n 

OANINAO 

Winged goddess to 1. with palm 
in 1. hand and wreath in out¬ 
stretched r. hand. 

To r. M. 6. 

G. B. PI. XVIII. 

133 

As on No. 116. 

W. 123. 

S. -75. 

NANA 

Goddess standing to front, 
radiate, with head turned to 1. ; 
sceptre in outstretched r. hand. 

To 1. M. 6. 

PL XVIII. 

134 

W. 122. 

a *8. 

Figure of goddess Nana stand¬ 
ing to r. as on No. 97, but name 
is blundered and illegible. 

To r. M. 6. 

135 

W. 28. 

a *5. 

NANA and 0H|>0 

Figures of the deities facing one 
another ; between them M. 6. 

G. B. PI. XVIII. 

136 

W. 120. 
a *8. 

Figure of goddess with the 
cornucopiae as on No. 130, with 
name to L, which is quite blun¬ 
dered and illegible. 

To r. M. 4. 

G. B. Pi. XVIII* 


1535 


0 



198 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

Mo, 

Obverse 

Reverse 

JE 

(0) Type: elephant-rider; copper, round 

187 

Legend, never complete, and 

MSIPO 

Three coins 

often blundered or barbarous, 

but usually j)AO NANO f>AO 
OOHpKE KOpANO 

King r., diademed and nimbate, 
riding on elephant ; holds spear 
and elephant-goad. 

W- 245. 

S. 1. 

Sun-god to 1. 

To 1. M. 4. 

PL XVIIL 

188 

W- 237. 

S. -95. 

MIOPO 

As on No. 137. 

189 

Two coins 

W. 120. 

8. *9. 

As on No. 137. 

140 

W. 178. 

8. *85. 

MAO 

Male lunar deity to L, with 
crescent behind shoulders. 

To L M. 6. 

Pl. XVIIL 

141 

Four coins 

W. 200-240. ” 

99 

142 

W. 213. 

99 

Moon-god, but name blundered 


8. 1. 

and illegible. 

148 

jj 

(barbarous) 

W. 180. 

8. M. 

59 

G. B. 

144 

Two coins 

W. 131. 

8. -85. 

33 



HUVISHKA 


199 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

145 

As on No. 187. 

As on No. 142. 


W. 81. 

g„ *8. 


146 1 

W. 174. 
g. *95. 

MAO 

Goddess with cornucopiae to 1. 

To 1. M. 6. 

G. B. 

147 2 

but elephant to 1. 

G. R. ” PL XVIII. 


W. 159. 

8 . 1*1. 


148 

Five coins 

As on No. 137. 

W. 211-240. 

A©f>0 

God of metals (Hephaistos) to 1. 
with fillet in r, hand and tongs 
in 1. 

To 1. M. 4. 

149 

W. 103. 
g. *85. 


150 

Three coins 

W. 160. 

8 . 1*05. 

oupo 

Two-armed Siva to 1. with long 
trident in r. hand and gourd in 1. 

To 1. M. 5. 

G. B. 

151 

Six coins 

W. 146-162. ” 

PI. XIX. 

152 

W. 135. 
g. *85. 



1 On this coin there is the figure of Ardoehsho, but she is labelled MAO. There is 
.another specimen in the Indian Museum—I. M, Cat, vol. i, p. 80, No. 28. Sir A. Cunningham 
noticed several similar coins —Coins of the KusMns, p. 107. 

2 Coins with the elephant-rider to the left instead of right are extremely rare. 

0 2 



200 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

153 

As on No. 137. 

W. 221. 

S. 1. 

0Hj)0 

As on No. 150, but four-armed 
Siva similar to his representation 
on the copper coins of Kanishka, 
cp. No. 106. 

154 

8 . 1. 

G. B. 

155 1 

W. 158. 

. 8 . -95. 

OAAO 

Wind-god running to 1. 

To 1. M. 6. 

PL XIX. 

150 

¥. 168. 


157 • 

o 

00 

t—H 

£ 

n 

158 

W. 242. 

s. i. 

NANA 

Draped goddess with short 
sceptre to r. 

To r. M. 5. 

159 

Two coins 

W. 129. 

8 . 3. 

d>AP0 

Male deity to 1. with long scep¬ 
tre in 1. hand and purse in out¬ 
stretched r. hand. 

To 1. M. 6. 

160 

W. 173. 

S. *9. 

d>APP0 

As on No. 159. 

PL XIX. 

101 

Three coins j 

W. 154-176. ” 

8 . *9. 

APA0Xf>0 

Goddess with cornucopiae to r. 
To r. M. 6. 

PL XIX. 


1 OAAO coins of Huvishka are very rare. Sir A. Cunningham knew of two— Coins of the 
. Kushdns r p. 108. There are four in this Collection. This name is only found on the copper 
money of Kanishka and Huvishka. 



HUVISHKA 


201 


Metal 

No, 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

162 

As on No. 137. 

W„ 152. 

a 1. 

BPAKBAO 

Herakles with club and lion's 
skin standing to front. 

To L M. 6. 

PI. XIX. 

163 

W, 233. 

8 . 1 . 

ATTN (sic) 

Four-armed deity to L 

To 1. M. 6. 

164 1 

W. 241. 

S. 14. 

OHA 

Deity, nimbate, with fillet in 
outstretched r. hand. 

To L M. 6. 

166 

W. 223. 

- 8 . *95. 

; Male deity; coin rubbed and 
illegible. 

166 

W. 80, 

8 . *85. 

Deity; coin barbarous. 

To 1. M. 4. 

167 

hut elephant-rider to 1. 

Figure, probably of king, seated 
cross-legged. 


W. 162. 

8. *8, 


168 

As on No. 137. 

Deity; coin barbarous. 


W. 54. 

S. *8. 


169 

Si 

W. 64. 

S. *8. 



1 Sir A. Cunningham considered AOH to be another name for A0j>O, and discussed 
the point at some length—Coins of die KmMns, p. 133. On this coin we have a figure resembling 
that of A0f>O, with the legend OHA. I should be inclined to consider the fragmentary 
labels in the Greek script on copper coins of Huvishka as blunders made by ignorant die- 
sinkers, unless there were good evidence to the contrary. 



202 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No, 

Obverse 

Eeverse 

M 

170 

As on No. 137. 

As on No. 168. 


W. 225. 

S. *95. 


171 

W.*240. 

OPH 

Deity to L, somewhat in the 
manner of 0 A AO. 

To 1. M. 4. 

G. B. 

172 

5J 

but elephant-rider is armed with 
a long trident. 

W. 60. 

S„ -8. 

OTT - ; coin barbarous. 

Deity with cornucopiae to 1. 

To 1. M. 26. 

G. B. 


(y) Type; king reclining on conch, and deity ; 
copper , round 

173 

* Greek inscr. as on No. 137. 

King, facing, diademed and 
radiate, reclining on a low 
cushioned couch. 

MItPO 

Sun-god to 1. 

To 1. M. 4. 

G. B. 


W. 230. 


174 

W. 237. 

Sr 

175 

¥, 152. 

8. 1. 

33 

176 

CM 

CM 

i* 

MiOPO 

As on No. 173. 

177 

Two coins 

35 

W. 31. 

Bn *8. 

<7 



HUVISHKA 


203 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

178 

Two coins 

As on No. 173. 

¥. 227. 

8 . 1. 

MAO 

Moon-god, crescented, to 1. 

To L M. 6. 

179 

Two coins 

W. 130. 

8. *9. 

V 

180 

W. 78. 

8. -7. 

97 

181 

Four coins 

W. 220. 

AOpO 

Deity to 1. with fillet and tongs. 
To 1. M. 4. 

182 

W. 240. 

8 . 1. 

0H[>0 

Four-armed Siva to L as on 
No. 106. 

To 1. M. 4. 

G. B. PL XIX. 

188 

Wn 242. 

8. 1. 

97 

184 

W. 69. 

8. *8. 

Deity ; coin barbarous. 

185 

W. 52. 

8. *85. 

» 




204 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 


(8) Type: king seated to fronts cross-legged, and deity ; 

M 

copper, round 

180 

Greek inscr, as on No. 137. 

MI1PO 


King, facing, diademed, seated 

Sun-god to 1. 


cross-legged on cushions, with 
sceptre in raised 1. hand; r. arm 
at side. 

W. 227. 

S. 1. 

To 1. M. 4. 

187 

n 

39 

Two coins 

W. 100. 

S. *9. 


188 

W. 121. 

S. 1. 

33 

180 

33 

MEIPO 


W. 147. 

S. -9. 

As on No. 186. 

180 

39 

MAO 

Three coins 

W. 225. 

Moon-god to 1. 

To 1. M. 4. 

181 

¥. 180. 

8. -9. ; 

39 

192 

39 

3? 


W. 230. 

G. B. 

193 

39 

33 


W. 180. 

G. B. 

194 

33 

39 


W. 200. 

G. B. PI. XIX. 



HUVISHKA 


205 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Eeverse 

M 

195 

As on No. 186. 

W. 267. 

8 . 1. 

00A --- 

As on No. 190. 

196 

¥. 100. 

S. 1. 

As on No. 190; barbarous. 

197 

W. 80. 

8 . -9. 

a b. 

198 

W. 112. 

8 . *9. 

but illegible name to 1 . and M. 4 
to r. 

199 

Two coins 

W. 90. 

8 . -85. 

As on No. 190. 

200 

Three coins 

W. 230. 

8 . 1 . 

A0[>O 

Deity with fillet and tongs to 1. 
To 1. M. 4. 

201 

W. 120. 

8 . *95. 

0H|>0 

Pour-armed Siva to 1. 

To 1. M. 4. 

202 

W. 244. 

8 . 1. 

[OAAO] 

Wind-god running to 1. 

To 1. M. 4. 


(e) Type : king seated with head to right; copper , round 

203 

Four coins 

Greek inscr. as on No. 137. 

King seated to front, but facing 
r., nimbate and diademed. 

MI1P0 

Sun-god to 1. 

To L M. 5. 


W. 135. 

8. -85. 




206 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

204 

As on No. 203. 

W. 140. 

[MAO] 

Crescented deity to 1. 

To 1. M. 5. 

G. B. PI. XIX. 

205 

Like No. 203, but quite bar¬ 
barous. 

Coin barbarous. 


W. 81. 

S. *9. 



(C) Type: king seated with both arms raised; copper , round 

208 

Inscr. gone. 

King in crouching attitude with 
head to 1., and both arms raised. 

W. 172. 

B. -9. 

[4>APPO] 

Figure of deity to 1. with flames 
on outstretched r. hand and scep¬ 
tre in raised 1. hand, as on gold 
coin B . if. Cat., PL XXVIII. 
26. 

To 1. M. 27. 

PI. XIX. 


(tj) Miscellaneous 

207 

Elephant-rider to r.; barbarous. 

Deity ; barbarous. 


W. 182. 

8 . 1. 


208 1 

W. 228. 

8 . M. 

jj 


1 The copper coins of Huvishka exist in various denominations, but these are somewhat 
vague, and I have made no attempt to subdivide the coins according to their respective 



HUVISHKA 


207 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


Unrepresented types; 

Staters: 

With obverses of Cunningham’s types A, B, or C, and the following deities: 

(i) APA€iXj>0 

(ii) AP 00 ACTIO 
(in) MAACHNO 

(iv) X€PO 

(v) N AN A|)AO 

(vi) NANA (seated on lion) 

(vii) OAXjX) 

(viii) NANA with 0H(>0 
(ix) j)AOPHOPO 
(X) PCsJM (PIOM) 

(xi) CAP ATT0 

(xii) CKANAO KOMAPO BIZArO 

(xiii) CKANAO KOMAPO BSZAfO MAACHNO 

(xiv) (UPON 

(xv) 0Hj>0 

With obverse of Cunningham’s type D, and deity : 

(xvi) MI0PO 

With obverse of king seated cross-legged, and deities : 

(xvii) HPAKIAO 
(xviii) NANA 

With obverse of king on elephant, and deity : 

(xix) APA0Xj)0 
Quarter staters: 

With obverses of types A, B, C, or D, and deities : 

(XX) APAOXfX) 

(sad) MAO 
(xxii) MI0PO 
(xxiii) NANA 
(xxiy) CAP ATT 0 
(xxv) <t>APPO (<t>APO) 

Copper coins: 

(xxvi) Type (S) with Nana reverse. 

(xxvii) Type (8) with design of king kneeling before Nana—Cunning¬ 
ham, Num. Chron 1892, p. 1X7. 

(xxviii) Type («) with deity AP A0Xf>0 
(xxix) Type (#) with reverse design of king kneeling before Nana— 
Cunningham, XFum, Chron*, 1892, p. 118. 

I have made no attempt above to distinguish between the varieties of the 
main types, the only exception being the reference (vi) to an interesting coin. 
I have also excluded probable blundered names such as AOXpO, OA1IO, 
and ONI A. All the above in practically every known variety are in the 
superb British Museum Cabinet. 

Many types are forged, forgeries of types (xii), (xiii), and of the 
MAN AOB AfO type (No. 123 a) being particularly abundant. 



208 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 


Obverse 


Reverse 


VASTJ DEVA 


M 

209 1 


(a) Type: king at altar, and Siva with bull; gold, round 


i>A0 NANO f>A0 BAZOAHO 
KOf>ANO 

‘ Bazodeo (Vasudeva), the Ku- 

shan, king of kings. 3 

King, nimbate,to l.,with peaked 
helmet and complete suit of chain- 
mail, making an offering with r. 
hand over a small altar; long 
trident in 1. hand; trident with 
fillet in 1. field. 

Obverse A. 

W. 121. 

& *85. 


OBjX) 

Two-armed Siva standing to 
front, with noose in r. hand and 
long trident in 1.; behind him 
bull standing to 1.; in 1. upper 

field M. 7. 

Name 0H|>0 is on r. and reads 
upwards. 

One or two coins in the British 
Museum , show a many-headed 
figure of Siva. This deity has five 
heads. See also Num. Chron., 
1892, PI. XIY. 7, 8, 9. 

PL XIX. 


210 


In r. field symbol like M. 2. 
Obverse E. 


0. B. 


W. 115. 
E. *95. 


PL XIX. 


211 


Corrupt legend f>A0 NANObAO 
BAZOAHO 

As on No. 209, but no trident 
in 1. field. 

Obverse D. 


As on No. 209; name 0Ht>0 is 
on r. and reads dowmvards. 

Pl. XIX. 


W- 123. 
E. *8. 


212 


Similar to No. 209, but no 
trident in 1. field; inscr. illegible. 


As on No. 209. 


PL XIX. 


W. 31. 
S. -5. 


3 The alphabetical obverse types are references to p. 125 of Cunningham’s 1 Coins of 
the Rushans Num. Chron., 1892. 



VASU DEVA 


209 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 



213 

As on No. 212. 

¥. 31. 

S. -5. 

As on No. 209. 

214 




W. 31. 

8 . -5. 

G. B. 

JE 

215 

(/?) Type: as type (a), but copper , round 

Greek legend quite corrupt; 

Similar to No. 209, but name 

design as on No. 209. 

W. 154. 

8 . -9. 

0Hf>0 is omitted or illegible. 

To r. M. 7. 

216 

W. 117. 

8 . -85. 

Pl. XIX. 

217 

?> 


Eight coins 

S. -9. 


218 


?? 

Three coins 

a -9. 

G. B. 

210 

W. 109. 

but name OOH|> - - is legible on 


8 . *85. 

r. ? reading downwards. 

220 


As on No. 215. 

Two coins 

but with obverse E as on No. 210. 

W. 135. 

8. -9. 


221 

As on No. 215 ; barbarous. 

W. 60. 

8 . -7. 

33 



210 


KUSHAN KINGS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 

222 

As on No. 215. 

As on No. 215. 


W, 56. 

8. *7. 


223 

As on No. 210. 

W. 35. 

, 8. *5. 

G. B. ” PL XIX. 

224 

As on No. 215. 



W. 29. 

8. *6. 


225 

W. 56. 

S. *7. 

jj 

226 

5) 

barbarous; a mixed metal coin. 

Hf 


W. 70. 

8. -65. 



(y) ^yP e: king at altar , and seated goddes $; copper, round 

227 

As on No. 215; legend either 
absent or quite corrupt. 

W. 132. 

8. -85. 

Goddess seated on throne to 
front; fillet in r. hand, and cornu¬ 
copias in 1. 

228 

W. 120. 

8. *8. 

PL XIX. 

220 

JFour coins 

jj 

8. *8. 




VASU DEYA 


211 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 



230 

As on No. 227. 

As on No. 227. 


W. 29, 

S. *6. 



Unrepresented types: 

Staters with reverses of 

(i) NAHA 

(ii) 0Hj)0 without bull. 

Quarter staters: 

(iii) With reverse of 0Hf>0 without 

bull. 

Copper coin: 

(iv) Entire field occupied by word Vasu 

in Brahml characters. 

B. M. 

Cunningham, PL XXIY. 1. 


Entire field occupied by 
symbol of Yasu Deva. 


the 


LATER KXTSHANS 


KANISHKO 

Type: &iva and bull; gold, round 

.Hj)RO KOf>ANO 

King to 1. as'on No. 209. 

Obverse A. 

Brahml characters, in lower 1. 
field ha, between feet tha, and to 
r. sum. 

Cp. Cunningham’s c Later Indo- 
Scythians PI. 1.17 {Num. Ghron ,, 

1893). 

W. 120. 

S. *8. 


OHpO 

As on No. 209, but name 0Hj>0 
reads downwards. 

PL XIX. 


232 


W. 121. 

8. -85. 


n 


233 


W, 121. 

S. *85. 






212 


LATER KUSHANS 


Metal 

No. 

Obverse 

Reverse 

M 



234 

As on No. 231, "but ha is in 
the r. lower field instead of in 
the 1. 

¥. 122. 

8. -8. 

As on No. 231. 

235 

but without ha . 

W. 25. 

8. *55. 

; r 


VASU 


Type: seated goddess ; gold, round 

238 

Similar to No. 231, but to r. 

Goddess seated on throne to 

Vasu , to 1. bha } and between.feet 

front, holding fillet and cornu- 


vi. 

cop iae ; to r. debased rendering 
of APAOXpO. 


W. 119. 

In I. upper field M. 7. 


8. *95. 

PL XIX. 

237 

n 

5' 


To r. Vasu. 

To 1. sa. 

Between feet vi. 

W. 30. 

8. *5. 

G. B. PL XIX. 


KUSHANO-SASSANIAN RULERS 


With name of Vasu Deva 

238 

Similar to obverse E— No. 210 — 

0H[>0 


with same inscr. ; between feet 

Similar to No. 209. 


swastika mark. 

W. 115. 

8. 1. 

G. B. Pl. XX. 

239 

W. 112. 

8. 1*05. 




KTJSHAN0-SASSANIAN RULERS 


213 


Metal 

No. 


N 

240 


Obverse 


Reverse 


With name of Hormazd II 


Corrupt Greek legend. 

Design as on No. 210, but in 
Sassanian style; king wears the 
characteristic lion head-dress of 
Hormazd II; between his feet 
swastika. 

To r. illegible Brahml monogram. 


Siva and bull as on No. 209, 
but debased. 


PI. XX. 


W. 122. 
S . 1*2. 


241 


With name of Varahran I 

Similar to No. 240, but king I As on No. 240. 
wears head-dress characteristic of 
Varahran I. > 


W. 120. 

S. 1*4. 

For Sir A. Cunningham's read¬ 
ing of the legends on the above 
two coins see pp. 179 and 181 of 
Num, Chron., 1893. 


PL XX. 


1536 


P 



214 


SUPPLEMENTARY 


KUJTILA KADPHISES 

(i) Copper coin of the 1 Macedonian soldier* 
type. 

M B. M. 

Also see 1. if. Cat, vol. i , PL XI. 2. 


VIMA (WEMA) KADPHISES 

(ii) Double stater of a type unknown in the 

stater series. 

X B. M. 

See B« If. Cat, PL XXV. 7. 

(iii) Stater of the biga type. 

X B. M. 

B. M. Oat., PL XXXII. IB. 


KANISHKA 

(iv) Stater of the Greek legend type with 

the deity HAIOC. 

X B. M. 

(v) Quarter stater of the normal stater type 
with deity MAO. 

M B. M. 

(vi) Stater with the deity MOZAOOANO. 

X B. M. 

(Tii) Stater with the figure of BOA AO. 

M B. M. 

(viii) Copper coin with figure of sitting 
Buddha. 

M B. M. 


HUYISHKA 

(ix) Stater with deity HPAKIAO. 

X B. M. 

(x) Stater with deity NANA seated on lion. 

X B. M. 


VASU DEYA 


(xi) Stater showing many-headed figure of 

OHpO 

/ X B,M. 

(xii) 1 Vasu 1 in Brahml characters. 


M 


Si 


£ U 

> M. 


%fehol of Yasu Deya. 


PL XX. 


PL XX 

Pl. XX. 


PL XX. 

PI. XX. 

Pl. XX. 
PL XX. 
Pl. XX. 


PL XX. 
PL XX. 

PL XX. 

PL XX. 



215 


TABLE 

OF 

THE RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF ENGLISH GRAINS AND 
FRENCH GRAMMES 


Grains. 

Grammes. 

Grains. 

Grammes. 

1 

•064 

41 

2-656 

2 

•129 

42 

2-720 

3 

•194 

43 

2-785 

4 

•259 

44 

2*850 

5 

•324 

45 

2*915 

6 

•388 

46 

2-980 

7 

•453 

47 

3045 

8 

•518 

48 

3110 

9 

•583 

49 

3175 

10 

•648 

50 

3-240 

11 

•712 

51 

3-304 

12 

•777 

52 

3-368 

13 

•842 

53 

3*434 

14 

•907 

54 

3-498 

15 

•972 

55 

3-564 

16 

1036 

56 

3*628 

17 

1-101 

57 

3-693 

18 

1*166 

58 

3-758 

19 

1-231 

59 

3-823 

20 

1-296 

60 

3-888 

21 

1-360 

61 

3*952 

22 

1*425 

62 

4-017 

23 

1-490 

63 

4-082 

24 

1*555 

64 

4-146 

25 

1-620 

65 

4-211 

26 

1-684 

66 

4*276 

27 

1-749 

67 

4*341 

28 

1-814 

68 

4-406 

29 

: 1*879 

69 

4*471 

30 

1*944 

70 

4-536 

31 

2-008 

71 

4-600 

32 

2-073 

72 

4*665 

33 

2-138 

73 

4*729 

34 

2-202 

74 

4-794 

35 

2-267 

75 

4-859 

36 

2-332 

76 

4*924 

37 

2*397 

77 

4-989 

38 

2*462 

78 

5-054 

39 

2*527 

79 

5*119 

40 

2*592 

80 

5-184 


Grains. 

Grammes. 

Grains. 

Grammes. 

81 

5-248 

121 

7-840 

82 

5*312 

122 

7*905 

83 

5*378 

123 

7*970 

84 

5*442 

124 

8*035 

85 

5*508 

125 

8*100 

86 

5-572 

126 

8*164 

87 

5-637 

127 

8*229 

88 

5*702 

128 

8*294 

89 

5*767 

129 

8*359 

90 

5*832 

130 

8424 

91 

5*896 

131 

8*488 

92 

5-961 

132 

8-553 

93 

6*026 

133 

8*618 

94 

6-091 

134 

8*682 

95 

6*156 

135 

8-747 

96 

6*220 

136 

8*812 

97 

6-285 

137 

8*877 

98 

6*350 

138 

8*942 

99 

6*415 

139 

9-007 

100 

6*480 

140 

9-072 

101 

6-544 

141 

9-136 

102 

6*609 

142 

9-200 

103 

6*674 

143 

9-265 

104 

6*739 

144 

9-330 

105 

6*804 

145 

9-395 

106 

6*868 

146 

9-460 

107 

6*933 

147 

9-525 

108 

6-998 

148 

9-590 

109 

7-063 

149 

9-655 

110 

7-128 

150 

9-720 

111 

7*192 

151 

9-784 

112 

7*257 

152 

9-848 

113 

7*322 

153 

9*914 

114 

7*387 

154 

9*978 

115 

7*452 

155 

10-044 

116 

7*516 

156 

10*108 

117 

7*581 

157 

10-173 

118 

7-646 

158 

10-238 

119 

7*711 

159 

10-303 

120 

7*776 

160 

10*368 




316 


TABLE 


OP 


THE RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF ENGLISH GRAINS AND 
FRENCH GRAMMES 


I Grains, 

Grammes. 

Grains. 

Grammes, 

Grains. 

Grammes. 

Grains. 

Grammes. 

161 

10432 

201 

13-024 

241 

15-616 

290 

18:79 

162 

10-497 

202 

13-089 

242 

15*680 

300 

19-44 

163 

10-562 

203 

13-154 

243 

15-745 

310 

20-08 

164 

10-626 

204 

13-219 

244 

15-810 

320 

20*73 

165 

10-691 

205 

13-284 

245 

15-875 

330 

21*38 

166 

10-756 

206 

13-348 

246 

15-940 

340 

22-02 

167 

10-821 

207 

13*413 

247 

16-005 

350 

22-67 

168 

10-886 

208 

13.478 

248 

16*070 

360 

23*32 

169 

10-951 

209 

13-543 

249 

16-135 

370 

23*97 

170 

11-016 

210 

13-608 

250 

16-200 

380 

24*62 

171 

11*080 

211 

13-672 

251 

16*264 

390 

25-27 

172 

11-145 

212 

13-737 

252 

16-328 

400 

25-92 

173 

11-209 

213 

13-802 

253 

16-394 

410 

26-56 

174 

11-274 

214 

13-867 

254 

16-458 

420 

27-20 

175 

11-339 

215 

13-932 

255 

16-524 

430 

27-85 

176 

11-404 

216 

13-996 

256 

16-588 

440 

28-50 

177 

11-469 

217 

14.061 

257 

16-653 

450 

29*15 

178 

11-534 

218 

14-126 

258 

16-718 

460 

29*80 

179 

11-599 

219 

14-191 

259 

16*783 

470 

30*45 

180 

11-664 

220 

14*256 

260 

16-848 

480 

31*10 

181 

11-728 

221 

14-320 

261 

16-912 

490 

31*75 

182 

11-792 

222 

14-385 

262 

16-977 

500 

32*40 

183 

11-858 

223 

14-450 

263 

17-042 

510 

33*04 

184 

11-922 

224 

14-515 

264 

17-106 

520 

33*68 

185 

11-988 

225 

14-580* 

265 

17-171 

530 

34*34 

186 

12-052 

226 

14*644 

266 

17-236 

540 

34*98 

187 

12-117 

227 

14-709 

267 

17-301 

550 

35*64 

188 

! 12-182 

228 

1 14-774 

268 

17-366 

560 

36*28 

189 

12-247 

229 

14-839 

269 

17-431 

570 

36-93 

190 

12-312 

230 

14-904 

270 

17-496 

580 

37*58 

191 

12-376 

231 

14*968 

271 

17-560 

590 

38*23 

192 

12-441 

1 232 

15-033 

i 272 

17-625 

600 

38-88 

193 

12-506 

233 

15-098 

273 

17-689 

700 

45*36 

194 

12-571 

234 

15-162 

274 

17-754 

800 

51-84 

195 

12-636 

235 

15-227 

275 

17-819 

900 

58*32 

196 

12-700 

236 

15-292 

276 

17-884 

1000 

* 64*80 

197 

12-765 

237 

15*357 

277 

17-949 

2000 

129*60 

198 

12-830 

238 

15-422 

278 

18-014 

3000 

194-40 

199 

12-895 

239 

15-487 

279 

18-079 

4000 

259-20 

200 

12-960 

240 

15*552 

280 

18-144 

5000 

324-00 


Note, This Table is taken from the British Museum Catalogue of the Coins 
of the Greek and Seythie Kings of Bactria and India, 


217 


RELATIVE TABLE OF INCHES AND MILLIMETRES 


Inches. 

Millimetres. 

Inches. 

Millimetres. 

Inches. 

Millimetres. 

•25 

6-35 

•70 

co 

t'- 

IN. 

r-H 

1-15 

29*21 

•30 

7-62 

•75 

19-05 

1-20 

30-48 

•35 

8*89 

o 

00 

20-32 

1-25 

31-75 

•40 

10*16 

•85 

21-59 

1-30 

33-02 

•45 

11*43 

•90 

22-86 

1-35 

34-29 

•50 

12-70 

-95 

24-13 

1-40 

35-56 

•55 

13-97 

o 

o 

25-40 

1*45 

36-83 

•60 

15*24 

1-05 

26-67 

1-50 

38-10 

*65 

16-51 

MO 

27-94 








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MONOGRAMS AND MARKS. 



PLATES 





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■ *- 7 ^ 












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AZILISES, VONONES WITH SPALAHORES, VONONES WITH SPALAGADAM 
SPALYRIS (SPALAHORES) WITH SPALAGADAMES, SPALIRISES 
SPALIRISES WITH AZES, ATHAMA 


ES, 

























LETTERPRESS AND PLATES 
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BY HORACE HART M.A*
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