Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara Priamus 4 (4)129140

PD 1 AM US

Results Of The Scientific Researches On Entomology « Ergebnisse
Der Wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen Aus Dem Gebiet Der Entomo-

LOGlE.ENTOMOLOji ALANINDAKi BiLJMSEL ARAST I RMALAR I N SoNUCLAR I .

Volume f Part 4 ankara 25.01.1989

RESULTS OF THE LEPIDDPTEROLOGICAL EXPEDITION
TO NORTH PAKISTAN IN 1987, Part 1 : INTRODUCTION
by

Ahmet O.Kocak

A_b_s_t_r_a_c__t : Priamus 4(4): 129-140,1 map.

In this paper, the collecting data of the lepidoptBr ological expe-
dition to North Pakistan, made by the author in 1987, are given.

Pakistan lies between 23°-37 N and 61-81° E on thB continent of Asia,
with a total area of 804,152 sq.km. Northern area cf the country is
bounded on the north-west by Afghanistan and on the north-east by China
and India. These mountainous areas vary altitudinally from about 500
to 8600 metres.

In 1987, I undertook a lepidoptBrological expedition to the north-
ern areas of Pakistan in collaboration with the Pakistan Forest Institute
Peshawar (PFI). The journey was made by PIA from Istanbul through Islam-
abad to Peshawar and back to Istanbul on 11th/l3rd June and 3rd/4th
August 1987. During my residence in PFI, I have found opportunities to
observe and to collect some day-flying Lepidoptera in the garden of the
Campus. Separately, two collecting trips have been planned to North
Pakistan. The first was realized between 18th 3une and 2nd July to Swat,
while tha second to Hazara,Gilgit Agency ,Baltistan, Swat , and Oir between
8th July and 26th July. Unfortunately, because of the illness, I had to
stop the studying in the second trip and finished the work earlier than
it was planned.

In this introductory article the collecting stations, including also
a short characterisation of each are given. The list is, on the whole,
arranged in the chronological order in which collecting was marie in the
localities.

130

The geographical names used in this list as well as in ths Further
articles correspond exactly to the present official terminology used
in the Pakistan Islamic Republic. The altitudes above sea-level are
given in metres.

The collecting stations and some informations are given belou .

E2iiE2ting_nu|nber Coll e_c_t i n_g_ _d a t a

001 Campus of PF I , ca. 500m. , 13 D6 1987, all spe-
cimens collected uers heliophil.

002 Same place, 13 06 19B7, some pyrophil spe-
cimens uere captured at the light.

003........ Same place, 14 06 1987, in the morning hours,

7.3 0-9.30 a.m. heliophil specimens observed
and collected.

004 Same place, 15 06 1987, heliophil butterflies

and moths uere captured.

005. Same place, 16 06 1987, specimens were

collected from Vitex.

006.. Suat valley, Kalam, 2100m. ,19 06 19B7, after a

hBavy rain moths uere collected by thB light
trap between 8.30-1D.3D p. m.(20 U super
actinic tube was used)

007 # Suat.Usho valley, NZ of Kalam, 2120m. openings

of Ouercus forest on the rocky slopes,

20 06 19S7, heliophil specimens uere scarce.

008 Suat,Ghorkin in thB U3ho valley(NE of Kalam)

2200m. ,20 06 1987, on the slopes with soft-
laavBd Astragalus sp. and cultivated area
especially pierids uere observed.

009 Suat, Kalam 2400m. ,20 06 1987, heliophil and

sciophil specimens uere taken at damp meadous

010 Suat, Kalam 2000m. ,20 06 1987, pyrophil moths

uare captured at the light trap. The sitB uas
located in a narrou valley uith rocky steep
slopes covered asp. by Cedrus deodara.

011 Suat valley, Laikot 1820m. ,22 06 1987, rocky

slopss covered sparsely by Astragalus.
Diurnal specimens were scarce. Tuo sohingids
neuly emerged uere found inside the Astraga-

131

lus scrub in the morning hours.

012 Suat valley, Laikot 1760m. ,22 06 1987,helio-

phil specimens sucking nectar from Carduus
uere captured.

013 Suat valley, Laikot 1730m. ,22 06 1987, esp.

males of Pieris canidia, drinking on uet
ground, uere recorded.

014 Suat valley, N.Madyan.behind Hotel Mountain

ViBU, 1500m. ,22 06 1987, mainly lycaenids
uere recorded in the evening hours on the
rocky slopes covered by Quercus sp.,01ea
cuspidata,Plecthranthus rugosus(l_abiataeJ.

015 Same place, 1400m. , 22 06 19B7, pyrophil moths

UBre captured at the light trap after a
heavy rain. The result was not satisfactory
because of the strong f cold wind and rain.

016 Suat valley, (*ladyan 1400m., 22 06 1987, pyro-
phil moths, rest ing on the ualls of Hotel
Hadyan,uere collected by day.

017 Suat ,E . of l*1adyan,Dara valley at hatchery

1400m. , 23 06 1987, specimens uere generally
heliophil(geometrida sciophil) on the semi-
cultivated steep slopes uith rich plant
cover .

018 Suat, E. of Pladyan,Dara valley , 1400m. , 23 06

1987,heliophil specimens uere not scarce
on dry river bBd uith Rumex-Plecthranthus
rugosus community .

019 Suat,8atiband in the Dara valley , 1600m. ,

23 06 1987 t all specimens captured uere
heliophil on the semi-cultivated slopes.

020 Suat,Batiband 16 00m., 23 06 19B7 , spec imens

uere captured at grassy sitBs on the river

bed, all heliophil.
021 Suat, Dara valley at hatchery, 1400m. , 23 06

1987, pyrophil moths uere captured at the

light trap.
022 Suat, Shangla, Forest Rest House, 2170m. ,

24 06 1987, feu specimens uere captured by
clay .

132

023 Suat, roadside Alpurai/DhBhrai 1200m* ,

24 06 1987, steep slopes covered by rich
plant formations of Rosaceae.Leguminosae
and various grasses. Recorded specimens
uerB heliophil,

024 Suat,Alpurai,Belibaba 1300m. ,24 06 1987,

All uere heliophil,

025 Suat.Yekhtangi Forest , 2 100m. , 24 06 1987,

middle height mountainous area covered by
Pinus uallichiana, uith Alnus sp. communities
in the glens .Specimens recorded and collected
in the evening hours uere sciophil.

026 Suat,Yekhtangi Forest , 2100m. , 24 06 1987,

Pyrophil moths uere captured at the light
trap between 8.30-9.30 p.m.(ca. 15-13°C).

027 5uat,Yekhtangi Forest , 1800-1900m. , 25 06 1987.

Satyrids uere collected from rocky.grassy
steep slopes in thtB openings. All uere
sciophil ,

°28; Suat,8azarkot village, 1740m. , 25 06 1987,

ChaBtoprocta odata Heu, ( Lycaenidae) were
collected from Juglans regia and also from
lower plants grouing under the trees in
shadou. Specimens uere heliophil/sciophil .

029 Suat,Bazarkot village ,1680m. ,25 06 1987.

Plainly Callerebia specimens uere recorded
on the grassy shady slopes in the openings
of the Dine forest.

030 Suat,Yekhtangi Forest , 2100m. , 25 06 1987.

After a heavy rain pyrophil moths uere
captured at thB light trap between 9 , do-
ID. od p.m.

031 Suat,Kotkai 1650m. after Bazarkot to Shangla

direction, 26 06 19B7. Chaetoprocta odata Heu.
around J. regia and C.tuna.
032 Suat, Shangla Forest 2170m. ,26 06 1987. Helio-
phil specimens uere captured in the glades.
033 Suat, Shangla Forest 2170m., 26 06 1987. Pyro-
phil moths uere captured at the light trap
on a calm night betueen 8,3 0-9 ,30 p.m.

133

034 Suat.Shangla Forest, 2150m., 27 06 1987.

Rhopalopsyche nyctsis (Sphingidae ) uere
captured from inside the bushes in flight.
All uare heliophil.

035 Suat.Shangla Forest ,2300m. , 27 06 19B7.

On gravelly hilltop and ridge, uhere thB
Pinus uallichiana uere feu, heliophil
specimens uere capturBd.

036 Suat.Shangla Forest ,21 00m. , 27 06 1987.

Inside the Pinus uallichiana forest, all
specimens uere sciophil.

37 Suat.Shangla ,2000m. ,27 06 1987. Steep slopes

covered by Rhamnus, Astragalus, grasses end
a species of Rcsaceae .Especially lycaenids
visiting in the afternoon the flouers of the
last plant uere taken. All hBliophil.

D 3 8 Suat.Shangla Forest , 2100m. , 27 06 19B7.Pyro-

phil moths uere taken at the light trap on
a mild and calm night bstueen 8. 30-10. 30 p.m.

3 g Suat.Shangla 2100m., 2B 06 19B7.Pyr ophil moths

uers captured at ths light trap bBtuesn 8.30-
10.30 p.m.

D40 Suat.flalam 3abba, 2650m. , 29 06 1987.Hilltpps

and ridges uere visited on a clear day.
Diurnal spscinmns usre houever not olentiful.

0A1 Halam Jabba, 1600m. , 29 06 19B7. On the uay to

the mountain. Heliophil specimsns uere scarce
along the bushy roadside.

042 Suat.llurghzar Hotel, 1400m. , 29 06 1987. Pyrc-

phil moths uere taken at the light trap. The
Hotel is in Plalakhazar , SE . Saidu Sharif.

043 Suat,Gulbandhi,on the road Plalakhazar to

Saidu Sharif ,1170m. ,30 06 1987. Especially
Nechipparchia oarisatis uers captursd on the
dry, rocky slopes betuBBn 9.15-10.00 a.m.
All uere heliophil.

044 Suat.Sharifabad 1000m. .U.mingora, 30 06 1987.

On the roadside plants some diurnal specimens
uerB obsarvsd and collected on a very hot
day betuBBn 11.oo-12.oo a.m.

134

°45 Swat, Karakar Pass 14Q0m.,3 06 1987. Hilly

area covered by Pinus axcelsa.Dn rocky, dry
slopes N.parisatis specimens uere
observed in groups at rest.

046 5uat f Karakar Pass, 1400m. , 30 06 1987. Inside

the Pinus excelsa forest, pyrophil moths
uere taken at the light trap between 8.30-
10.30 p.m.

047 Swat, E. Karakar Pass, 1300m. , 01 07 1987.

Heliophil spacitnens uere captured on the
rocky steep slopes between 9.00-9.30 a.m.

048 Suat, Karakar Pass, 1300-UOOm. , 01 07 1987.

Pyrophil moths uere captured at the light
trap between 9.00-11.00 p.m.

049 Swat, Karakar Pass 1400m. ,02 07 1987. Inside

forest of Pinus excelsa, pyrophil moths
were taken at the light trap between 9,00-
11.00 p.m.

050 Campus of PFI.04 07 1987, heliophil specimens

were observed and captured.

051 Hazara, Halkandi, 10 km. SU Nahandri in the

Kaghan valley , 1450m. , in the glades sciophil
CallerBbia specimens were collected. They
were also taken at the dungs in groups.
Some othBr butterflies ware also available
at the site, 09 07 1987.

052 Hazara, Kaghan village 2050m. , 09 07 1987.

HBliophil butterflies were captured on the
damp meadows .

053 Hazara, Naran village, 2470m., 09 07 1987.

Heliophil butterflies uere collected on the
damp meadous.

054 Hazara, Naran 2470m. ,09 07 1987. Rocky steep

slopes covered by CBdrus sp, Pyrophil moths,
mainly geometrids were taken at the light
trap on a cold but calm night between 9.15-
10.30 p.m.

055 Hazara, Saiful Nuluk, 3250m. , 10 07 1987. All

uera heliophil .

135

056 Hazara, Naran,Katha village 2700m. ,10 07

1987. Flouery meadows dominated by Leguini
nosae,Umbelliferae t Rosaceae and Labi at ae.
One of the best place for butterflies.

057 Hazara,Naran,2450m.,10 07 1987 . Pyrophil

moths were taken at the light trap between
8.45-9.30 p.m.

058 Hazara, Naran,Katha village 2700-2800m.,

11 07 1987.Rupicol nactuids and larBntiids
were taken by day. Other specimens were
heliophil on the flouery slopBS.

059 Hazara, Naran, 2450m,, 11 07 1987. Pyrophil

moths were taken at the light trap.
060 Hazara, Satrasi, 20km. NE FlansBhra, 1 250m. ,

12 07 1987. All specimens uere on the uing
in the evening hours and heliophil.

061 ., A collecting place, 10km. NE.Plansehra, 1 180m. ,

12 07 1987, Grassy gentle slopes uith

sparse trees. Specimens taken uere heliophil.

062 A collecting pi ace, 5 km.NE .Flansehra 1 15 Cm. ,

12 07 1987. A narrow dry river bed uith sandy
ground, covered by sparse xerophytes. Helio-
phil butterflies uere on the uing in the
evening.

063 Hazara, Chatter plain 1670m. ,SE.Batgram,

12 07 1987. Pyrophil moths uere taken by day
at rest.

064 Hazara, Chatter hills, 1700m. , 17 km.SE.Batgram

12 07 1987. Inside PinB Forest. Pyrophil
moths uere taken at the light trap betueen
8,00-10. 15 p.m.

065 Hazara, Indus Kohistan, N. Besham B50rr>. in the

Indus valley. 13 07 1987. Rocky slopes uith
sparse bushes. Specimens uere heliophil.

066 Hazara, Indus Kohistan, 15 km.S.Dasu in the

Indus valley, 1030m,, 13 07 1987 .Specimens
uere heliophil .

067 Hazara, Indus Kohistan, Dasu 920m. in the In-
dus valley, 13 07 19B7. Rocky ualls covered by
mesophil and rupicol pi ants. Feu specimens.

136

06B Gilgit Agency , Chilas 1280m. ,13 D7 1987.

Artemisia steppe with sparse fruit trees
on the slopes. Pyrophil moths uere taken
at the light trap on a windy night. The
result uas not successful.

069 Gilgit Agency, Chilas 1280m. ,13 07 1987.

Feu lycaenids uere takBn in the evening.

070 Gilgit AgBncy,on the road to Babusar ( S. Chilas)

2750m., 14 07 1987 . He liophil specimens uere
on the uing on uet mBadous.

071 Gilgit Agency, on the road to Babusar , 2050m. ,

14 07 19B7.Heliophil specimens uere on the
uing on uet meadows.

072 Gilgit Agency,on the road to Babusar , 1650m. ,

14 07 1987. Dry rocky slopes cowered uith
ArtBmisia, Heliotr opium, Echin ops, Chen op odia-
ceae ,etc . Mainly heliophil lycaenids uere
found.

073.... Gilgit Agency, on the road to Babusar , 1450m. ,

14 07 1987. Rocky slopes covered uith xero-
phytes. HBliophil specimens uere collected.

074 Gilgit Agency, Chilas, 1280m. , 14 07 1987.

Artemisia steppe uith Populus and Salix
communities on the slopes. Pyrophil moths,
mainly pyralids and noctuids uere taken at
the light trap .

075 Gilgit Agency, about 20km. E . of Chilas, 1 140m. ,

Indus valley, 15 07 1987. Anaphaeis aurota
populations uith every stages of development
uere observed and adults uere captured. All
of them uas heliophil.

076 Gilgit Agency, Jut ha 1, c a. 20km. N. of Gilgit,

Hunza valley, 1600m., 16 07 19B7 . Heliophil
specimens uere observed and collected on
f louers of u icia.

077 Gilgit Agency , Rahimabad, 1750m. ( N. of Juthal),

Hunza valley .Vicia meadows on the slopes.
Heliophil specimens usre captured. 16 07 1987.

078 Gilgit Agency, S. of Nasirabad 2050m, Hunza

valley f 16 07 1987 .Heliophil specimens.

137

079 Gilgit Agency , Karimabad 2350m. Hunza vallBy,

16 07 1987. Pyrophil moths were taken at the
light trap on a calm night.

080 ...Gilgit Agency, Karimabad 2350-2400m. , Hunza

valley, 16 07 1987,Heliophil butterflies were
found on the flowery hillsides.

081 Gilgit Agency, 15 km.S.of Gulmit 2400m. Hunza

valley, 17 07 1987.RDcky steep slopes .Helio-
phil specimens,

08 2..... Gilgit Agency, Nazimabad(5 km.S.of Gulmit),

2450m., Hunza valley, 17 07 1987,HeliDphil
specimens uere on the wing in the Uicia
meadows .

0B3 Gilgit Agency, Pasu 2550m., Hunza valley t 17 07

1987. In the cultivated area especially pierids
uere on the uing by day.

GB4 Gilgit Agency, Pasu 2500m. Hunza valley, 17 07

1987. Rocky stgep slopes uith poor uild
herbaceous plant cover. Pyrophil moths, especi-
ally pyralids and noctuids uere captured at
the light trap between 8.30-9.30 p.m.

085 Gilgit Agency, E. of Deh 3600m. ,Khunjerab valley,

18 07 19B7.0nly tuo heliophil specimens uere
taken on the bare slopes.

086 Gilgit Agency, Sost 2800m., Hunza valley, 18 07

19 B7. Rocky slopes covered by poor plant for-
mation, Pyrophil moths were taken at the light
trap.

087 Gilgit Agency ,Bogeet 2650m., Upper Gulmit, Hunza

valley, 19 07 1987. A salt lake surrounded by
bare mountains. Halophil and helioohil pyra-
lids uere found on the bank covered by halo-
phytes. Separately heliophil butterflies uere
observed on the flowers of Uicia on the slopes.

088.... Gilgit Agency , Karimabad 2200m., Hunza valley,

19 07 1987. Rocky slopes uith sparse bushes.
Pyrophil moths were taken at the light trap.

089 Gilgit Agency , Gilgit 1500m. ,20 07 1987. River

bed uith stony ground, sparse grasses and trees.
Pyrophil moths were taken at the light trap.

138

090 Jammu, Baltistan, on the road to Skardu 1400m.,

Indus valley, 21 07 1987. Dry rocky hillsides
covered with Chenopodiaceae, Rut aceae, Artemisia
Capparis,and various grasses. Heliophil speci-
mens uere found.

091 Jammu ,Baltistan,Unsar 1400m. , Indus valley,

21 07 19B7.Uet meadous. HBliophil specimens
uere found.

092 Jammu, Baltistan, 20km. U of Yelbou, Indus valley

1850m. ,21 07 1997. Heliophil specimens uere
captured.

093 Jammu, Baltistan, E. of Rondu 2000m. ,21 07 1987.

Uet meadous. Heliophil specimens,

094 Jammu, Bait is tan, Skardu 2350m., 21 07 19 87.

Single pyrophil specimen of Dichagyris sp.
was taken by day.

09 5 Jammu, Baltistan, Satpara lake 2650m, ,22 07 1987.

Artemisia- Astragalus steppe on rocky slopes.
Heliophil butterflies were found.

096.. Gilgit Agency, SU. of Juglot , Thalachi 1450m.,

Indus valley, 23 07 1987. Anaphaeis aurota
specimens ubtb observed on the si opes, where
its food plant Capparis grous.

C97 Hazara, Indus Kohistan, between Dasu and 5azin

in the Indus valley, 1070m. , 23 07 1987. A single
male of Sephisa dichroa Koll . ( Argynninae)uas
taken.

Q 99 Hazara, Indus Kohistan, S.of Pattan 940m. in the

Indus valley, 24 07 1987, A single pyrophil
Alphaea sp.(Arctiidae) was taken at rest on
the rock by day. Separately, heliophil butter-
flies were collected on the damp slopes.

099.. Hazara, N. of Besham Qila 750m. in the Indus

valley, 24 07 1967, Near the gardens some
heliophil specimens uere taken.

1 °0 5uat,Alpurai 1500m, ,24 07 19B7, After a heavy

rain, pyrophil moths were taken at the light
trap in the opening of the Pine Forest on the
rocky slopes.

139

1D1 Dir,l_ouari Pass , 32D0m. , 26 G7 1987. Feu spe-
cimens uere observed and taken at the steep
slopes over the pass. On the SE. slopes, at
an elevation of 2650m. , helioDhil specimens
uere collected on the damp meadous.

102 Dir, Dir 1500m. ,26 D7 1987. Pyrophil moths

uere taken at the light trap on a rainy
night between 8,oo-9.30 p.m.

103 Campus of PF I , 500m. , 2B 07 1987. Heliophil

butterflies uere taken.

Acknowledgements

I uould like to express my sincere thanks to Mr.Mahmood Iqbal
Sheikh, Director General of Pakistan Forest Institute Peshauar, l*lr. PI, Is-
mail Chaudhry, Direct or of Entomology in thB same Institute, who collaborate
and help in planning this survey.

I am specially greatful to my friend Dr.flirza Hakim Khan, Deputy
Director, for his encouragement and interest at all times.

fir. Uali-ur-Rahman, Ass. Forest Entomologist , and Hr.Rahmat Ullah 3an»
Scientific Officer, to them I must thank for their guidance and kind
assistance during the expeditions.

The hospitality and help of many officials and private individuals
in different parts Df Pakistan can never bB forgotten , "in this connection,
Mr. Mohammad Alam, Conservator of Forest , Mr. Mohammad Sharif , Deputy Conser-
vator of ForBst , Gilgit ,Mr . Ayub Khan, Director of Hatchery Madyan, Mr. Hanif
Gul,Syst.Entomologist,PFI,Mr.Fazal Said, Executive Of f icer , PFI ,Mr .Fazal
Hussain, Geologist , and many others are grsatfully remembered.

Priamus 4(4)

mo

fl.6.Kocak,19B7

Hap 1- Distribution Nap of Lepidoptera of Pakistan.

Black marked quadrates uere visited by the
author during the expedition, 1987,