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1l?arbart College ILibrarg
FROM THE
SUBSCRIPTION FUND,
BEGUN IN 185S.
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Google
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Cest
DAU(
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CEST DAUCAST % DE NICOLETE
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NOTE
One Hundred and Sixty-five Copies only of this Work have
been printed for Sale.
This is e^?.
rtrtnon • unnirp w APT
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CEST DAUCASI % DE NICOLETE
Reproduced in Photo-facsimile and
Type -transliteration from the
unique MS. in the Bibliotheque
Nationale at Paris, fonds francais, ,,
xi68, by the care of F. W.
JSourdillon, M. A., formerly
Scholar of Worcester College,
Oxford.
/ / ■ t i. ;
c
OXFORD
AT THF. CJ APRNnnN PRESS
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NOV 14 1896
LONDON
HENRY FROWDE
Oxford University Press Warehouse
Amen Corner E.C.
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CONTENTS
PAGE
Preface ........ vii, viii.
Introduction . . . . . . .1-13
Errata ........ 14
Photo- facsimile from MS. 2168 fonds fran£. in the
BlBLIOTHfcQUE NATIONALE, PARIS .... 17~3%
Type-transliteration of the same .... yob-Zod
Notes . . ... . . . . 63-75
Digitized by
r»««*wgi<ipiiicai. i ne
little beauty as a ma
that of being unique
literary work itself ;
letters are precious, a
t0 7 and somewhat c
assuredly he
°nly transmitter and
th is which makes it
produced. With the
iteration before him,
on most of the doub
of ^ work have dis
Digitized by
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PREFACE
The reasons for producing this facsimile are literary, not
palaeographical. The manuscript of Aucassin et Nicolete has
little beauty as a manuscript, and hardly any interest except
that of being unique. But the beauty and interest of the
literary work itself are so great, that the very words and
letters are precious, and the hasty penmanship of a perfunc-
tory and somewhat careless scribe acquires an importance of
which assuredly he himself never dreamed, in being the
only transmitter and depositary of this beautiful story. It is
this which makes it worth while undertaking the work here
produced. With the photographic facsimile and type-trans-
literation before him, any reader may now judge for himself
on most of the doubtful points in which the various editors
of the work have disagreed.
There are several persons to whom I should like to direct my
readers' gratitude, as well as to express my own, for help in this
work. First and foremost to the Administration of the Biblio-
th&que Nationale, and its most courteous and learned Director,
M. Delisle, for giving me permission to have the MS. photo-
graphed ; and not less to M. Michel Deprez, the Keeper
of MSS., who most kindly and readily acceded to my request
that the piece of parchment on fol. 78 of the MS. might be
removed, and further was obliging enough to send me some
valuable notes as to the volume containing this MS., which I
viii
PREFACE
have embodied in the introductory matter. Mr. Barclay Squire,
of the British Museum, has taken most kind trouble to elucidate
the musical notation for me, and through him I am indebted to
the late Mr. W. S. Rockstro for his opinion on the same subject.
I cannot pass by, with no word of hearty acknowledgement,
the care and pains which M. Dujardin has taken in the repro-
duction of the MS. ; and lastly, I must pay a high tribute to
Mr. Horace Hart and his able staff at the Clarendon Press,
Oxford, for the patient and ingenious way in which they have
carried out the laborious task of finding equivalents in type
for the various signs and abbreviations in the MS. Many of
the signs were specially cut ; and the special musical notation
was introduced into their fount on purpose for this work.
INTRODUCTION
The method chosen for reproduction is the Intaglio process of M. Dujardin, The Facsimile,
of the rue Vavin, Paris. This is one of the best of all the photographic pro-
cesses ; but at the same time one of the most expensive, so that the price
of the book has to be high to cover the outlay. The prime merit of all
photographic facsimiles is absolute fidelity. The evil is that every mark,
stain, or crease is reproduced in black and white, no less than the actual
writing ; and to attempt to remove any of these from the engraved plate
is as full of peril as to pull up the tares from the growing wheat. In
the present case everything has been left, and no attempt has been made to
do away with even the blurs caused by the transparency of some of the
vellum leaves, in which the writing on one side sometimes shows through
on the other. The result is on the whole satisfactory. Many columns are
almost as legible and distinct as the MS. itself, though in a few places,
where the writing was faint, or the parchment either rubbed or dirty, there
is some indistinctness. Still, in most cases, by the help of the type-trans-
literation, it will be possible for anyone to make out for himself what is
actually written in the MS.
An exact transfer of mediaeval MS. into print is not a beautiful thing ; The Trans-
but here, owing to the occasional doubtful places, which are due chiefly to literation «
the poorness of the MS., it seemed a necessary complement to the under-
taking. I have therefore been at the pains to render the MS. in modern
type in the exactest possible fashion, letter for letter, and line for line. And
for convenience of reference I have numbered the lines in the type-facsimile,
so that, in future, references may be given to the column and line of the
actual MS., instead of to the page and line of various modern editions.
The transliteration here given was copied by me, not from the actual MS.
at Paris, but from the photograph of the MS. from which the process-plate
was made. This photograph, though less suitable for book form, has a
slight advantage of distinctness over the process-facsimile. And in every
case of serious difficulty, I must add, that I have pored long and anxiously
over the original MS. in the Bibliotheque Nationale.
The copyist of this manuscript was a very hasty writer, as a glance at The scribe and
his work betrays, in the constant indistinction of letters, and the frequent ^ s WOf k.
2
INTRODUCTION
Errors and
corrections in
the MS.
Corrupt pas-
sages.
Mistakes in
miniation and
musical
notation.
erasures and corrections. At the same time these very corrections prove
that his mistakes were not due to indifference, or want of intelligence ; and
the same thing is shown in the fact that the indistinction of letters occurs,
mostly where there can be no mistake as to what letter is meant (e.g.
foroient for feroient, 72*/. 24 ; point like poino, 70c. 22; tant, 751/. 12,
might but for the sense be tout). In cases where distinctness was important,
as in the separation of i from u, m, n, or the differentiation of u and n, he
usually takes pains to be distinct In fact, once or twice the very signs of his
haste show him also to have been quick and intelligent : as where he writes
h'm as the contraction for heaumes (73 a. 1), h'ga = herbega (806. 34),
darg't (76 c. 17), an = a non (70^. 9), unusual contractions which a dull-
witted scribe would hardly have thought of or ventured on.
The errors and corrections, small and great, amount approximately to
130 or 140, of which between 50 and 60 are corrected, or intended to be
corrected 1 . But, as a reference to the notes hereafter will show, the
mistakes left uncorrected by the scribe are mostly mere slips of grammar or
spelling. The most serious are omissions of words owing to the turning of
a leaf (72^-730), and picking up the wrong cue-word (78 a. 30) or cue-letter
(75^ 34).
The places where the text is undoubtedly corrupted are exceedingly few :
perhaps only 73a. 21 ; 73^. 2, 3 ; 73^. 13, 14 ; all of which occur on the same
page of the MS. 2 The unknown word amiramie (71b. 20), which has been
held to be a mistake, occurs in a column specially free from mistakes;
melcralre (71 a, 5), though as yet unexplained, is written with unusual
distinctness ; and the difficult passage 76 d. 19, 20, owes its difficulty
probably to the illegibility of one or two letters, due to the greasy nature
of the parchment.
There are three mistakes or corrections in the miniated initials (71c. 7,
72d. 1, 76c. 29) ; and the musical notation is wanting to three lines. (71b. 17,
72 d. 1, 74^ 1), the two latter being at the turn of a column. In one place
(72c. 19) the two lines of verse and music are on the same line of the MS.
It is difficult to be sure whether the mistake was made by the verse being
written as prose, or by the music being written first in a continuous line ; but
the unusual abbreviation baif . (for baifer) looks as if the words had been
written in to fit the music. The irregularities in the notation are very few
and quite insignificant.
1 I have not reckoned mere omissions of letters through running on, as voufai 79 b.
20, ^locelllirent 7^. 24, etc., nor the omission of final t in mifTen, fuTen, traien, etc
It is also worth remark, as perhaps bearing on pronunciation, that in at least ten
instances the mistake— often corrected by the scribe himself— consists in the omission
of the letter r, or a syllable containing it.
2 The scribe was plainly not a person of equable temperament, the percentage of
mistakes varying considerably in different columns: e. g. in 75 a. there is only a single
error, half corrected ; in the next column, 75^., there are ten, of which six are left
uncorrected.
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INTRODUCTION
3
The following are the letters, signs, numerals, and stops employed in Letters, Signs,
this MS. etc., used in
the MS.
A. a. — A in rubricated initials of sections (13 times), once only in text Letters.
(73 a, 28). a is often made hardly if at all distinguishable from o
(eoZ 71 a, 18, palole 71 a. 26, oaut 73 d. 15, demenaft 76 a. 2,
tant 75 d. 12). With a tall second stroke, a resembles d (maif
71 c. 36, etc.). ai may look like ca (ainc 80 c. 34).
b. — No separate form for capitals.
C. c. — C chiefly in initials of verse ; rarely elsewhere (Certef 77 d. 34,
Cen 71 d. 10, Car 74 c. 14).
d. — No separate form for capitals.
B. e. — B chiefly in initials of verse, and there interchangeable with e;
rarely elsewhere (Ble 73d. 21, Et 72d. 24, BncoZ 72d. 31). Three
times as miniated initial of section.
O. g. — G habitually in initials of verse and in proper names. (G . = Garin
passim). But the same form is used frequently as a minuscule, in
which cases it is represented in type by a small capital (reG^it
74a. 28, reGarder 7%d. 1, GiGle 79 a. 10, donGon 80a. 14, aGuille
. 75 «• 14)-
H. h. — H only in miniated initial (74d. 19) ; h occurs once as initial in verse
(79a. 10), and is once written as a quasi-capital (her 74*/. 33).
I. J. i. j. — I clear in initials of verse (72 c. 25, 35). J less decisive (77c. 33).
The forms i, j, show a tendency towards the modern distinction in
use (e. g. ja, je, jou, donjon, etc.), but i is sometimes used for j ;
and j more rarely for i (U 78 d. 30). At the same time it is often
difficult to know whether to print i or j. Both forms are frequently
marked by an overstroke 7 , especially in conjunction with m, n, u.
k. — No separate form for capitals.
Ii. L— Ii chiefly in initials of verse, sometimes doubtful. Rare elsewhere
(Li 72 d. 34, Iiau 74 c. 18). Once as miniated initial of section.
M. m. — M habitually in initials of verse, and frequent at beginning of
a sentence. Used occasionally elsewhere, when it is printed as a
small capital (Mvellex 76 d. 33, rftel 72 d. 26). In form it is some-
times indistinguishable from oX (compare oZaif 76 c. 6 with Maif
in the opposite line 76 d. 6).
N. n. — N chiefly in initials of verses, interchangeably with n ; rare
elsewhere (Nic^. 79 d. 26). Seven times as miniated initial to
section.
O. o.— Only distinguished by size, but capital O evidently intended in most
rubrics, OX fe oante, OX dient, etc. (where it is sometimes slightly
touched with red by the miniator), and sometimes in initials to
verses. Once at beginning of sentence (Of 77 a. 28). Three times
as miniated initial to section. The form of the minuscule o when
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4
INTRODUCTION
written hastily is often hardly, if at all, to be distinguished from
a (auoit yoc. 17, roi jod. 10, roif ?%c. 25, por 72*. 1, faifoiet
mout 76 a. 25, oropent 76 d. 14, potoit 73 d. 4, douce 77 c. 7,
fabloient 77 </. 6 rubric).
P. p. — P once only, as miniated initial (Pere 70*. 30) ; elsewhere there is
only the minuscule form. I have, however, printed P in a few
places where the letter occurs as initial to verses, and is written
extra large.
Q. q— Q only in initials to verses (thirty times, q only once) and as
miniated initial to sections.
R. r. X. — B once as initial of proper name (Roget 77b. 6) : twice as initial to
verses. The customary use of the form X in the syllable oX prevails
largely in this MS. op, with the common form of r, is rare, and where
it occurs the letters are usually separated. The form X is also used
occasionally in the syllable at, especially in cat, oal-. The few
other cases of its occurrence are either following a sign of contrac-
tion (qXe three times, iftoit 7$d. 10) or at the end of a line (baceleX
71 a. 29, feeleZ 71 b. 9, entrel 71 b. 10, biauoaUe 71 c. 13, dil|
ai 71 d. 11. It may be observed that these five cases are all on
the same leaf of the MS.).
S. s. £ — The form S, as a capital, occurs many times as initial to verses (f
only four times) ; once as miniated initial to section (Sire 79a. 2).
8 is also used occasionally at the beginning of sentences (Sele
70 d. 16, Sire 71 a. 24). The same form of letter (b) is used as a
minuscule at the end of words, but very rarely (aw 74b. 36, Cains
73 c. 32, fais 77a. 13, $ns 77 3°)-
t. — No separate form for capitals.
u. v. — As initial to verses the v-form is always used, sometimes meant
perhaps to be a capital (79 c. 15 and 24). v is very rarely used
except at the beginning of a word (Mvellex 76 d. 33, everf
77 a. 9, m^velle 78 d. 13).
w.— Only three times, wauerat 79 a. 31, waumonnef 78 c. 29, 30,
waumonef 78 d. 5.
x.— x occurs only in numerals, and at the end of words, where it is
equivalent to us (cauiax, biax, dex, dix, dox).
8. — Only once, ozirre 74 b. 34.
Use of The use of capitals or quasi-capitals in this MS. is by no means consistent.
Capitals. There is no doubt a certain tendency to employ capitals or distinguished
forms in the initials of the lines of verses, a few sections, such as 17 (75 a.b.) t
2 5 (77^ 2 7 (780.)* showing a preponderance of capitals ; though others,
such as 1 (70^.), 7 (72 #.), 11 (73 c. d.), show few 1 . And the same tendency
1 At a rough calculation, allowing for some uncertainty, and excluding the monogram
\, the initials to the lines of verse show altogether 159 capitals to 194 minuscules.
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INTRODUCTION
5
may be observed in proper names and in the first words of many sentences.
A letter that has no special form for the capital often appears in such places
somewhat bolder than the ordinary minuscule : but the intention is seldom
so unmistakable as to justify the use of a capital in printing. I have however
once or twice printed P (75 a, 36, 78 a. 20), as initial to verses, when the lines
near it begin with capitals.
The manuscript bears throughout the signs of hasty writing, and there is Indistinction
often much indistinction between one letter and another, o and a are of letters -
frequently indistinguishable 1 . In one instance a has been corrected to o
(dont 79 c. 17). Other instances of likeness of letters are—
a like d, moif 71 c. 36.
0 like o, decauf 71 d. 18.
e like o, ie (Suchier, jo) 72 c. 3, feroient 72 d. 24.
e like u, pint 70 d. 30.
d like c, dtu& jod. 33.
r like u, dirai 70*. 8.
u like r, oei/auf 73 25.
t like c, gaffoit 70*. 3, vain/ 70;. 20, poin/^or. 22, demen/ef 80c. 16.
(The confusion oft and o is rare in this MS.)
r like c, tate^eles 7 id. 17, ifoir 74 c. 18.
1 like i, 4/ 74*. 26, II 74d. 2.
i like 1, v/fconte 71c. 16.
r like n, deltrierf 76d. 15.
r like 1, cab^Bf 78*. 25 (second stroke merged in e), pierre 74 c. 1.
u like a, iu 72 c. 18, bia«c= r 79 5.
u and n, so frequently indistinguishable in MSS., are here generally
distinct (n for u in uof 73 13 immediately preceding a corrupt passage) ;
and the various combinations of m, u, n, i, are generally clearly marked,
the i being frequently marked by a stroke ' \
1 a is usually made up of two, or sometimes three strokes — a curve like 0 and a stroke
like 1, joined to the top of the first curve by a downward or horizontal attachment, which
is sometimes made by a separate stroke. Where this attachment is indistinct or absent
a is like o. Where it is too pronounced a may be very like o or t (oaitif 70 14, par
70 b. 29, aino like oano 80 c. 34).
o is made up of two strokes — a curve like a full 0, and a completing stroke * . When
this completing stroke is carried too far down, it makes o like a. When it is slightly re-
curved, the letter approaches the appearance of a badly made e. In the best formed
letters the first curve, 0, of a is more angular than the same curve in o or o.
e is always made of two strokes — a curved downward stroke from left to right, and a
completing ">. In de, the long second stroke of d is carried on to make the first stroke
of e. In feral (78 35) the completing stroke appears curved outward instead of
inward, perhaps from a blot or a correction, and makes the letter look like a.
3 In some type-transliterations of mediaeval MSS. the distinction of i, with or with-
out a stroke, is carefully marked. I have not thought this necessary here, with the
photo-facsimile close by to refer to.
6
INTRODUCTION
Signs and 9 = con (even c'on for qu'on 75 a. 6.), com (9me 73^. 31, etc.) 2 .
Contractions 1 . 9 = U8 or 08>
ur or or.
* or - 8 over a vowel indicates the omission of an n following, occasionally
of en, or even on ; over q = que.
" or ' 8 over a consonant means er or ier : demand'ent 79 34, m^mier
72c. 27, f re (probably a slip for £r , e)=£rere 79 b. 29. In h^peoX 71 d. 33,
IPdif 76^. 34, it may be for ar, as harpe occurs 79 a. 10, and hardif in the
preceding article of the MS. in the same handwriting (see Suchier).
The same signs are also used as a mere sign of abbreviation, where there
is no doubt as to the word intended, as mTt, ch'rl passim, h'm (hiaumes)
73*. 1, flab* (flabent) 7%d. rubric, darg*t 76^. 17, Ih'm (Jhesum), Nio*. Auc':
etc. In 80 b. 13, v'=vof is probably a slip for v 9 .
In Sob. 20, 22, and 8or. 20, $re, $le stand for querre, but G 7 re 73 a. 21,
78 b. 6, probably = gerre (cf. Gerroie 73 a. 20).
The sign * 4 is used rarely, with the same intents as " (occasionally, as
in 79 a. 26 jet^, 79 c. 32 cart", 80 c. 20 $le, etc., it is difficult to decide which
to print), t^re 70 d. 14, $Ze 79 d. 10, 75 c. 27, g^re (guerre or g*rre) 72 b. 1,
auo. 72a. 35, 72b. 32, fc*&er 77 d. 32, Mvellex 76d. 33.
An unusual sign occurs in nlo v : 71c. 28.
p = par, per (not por, which is either written in full, or p"^).
p = pro only twice in this MS. : apeoit = aproeoit 76 d. 28, puence =
prouenee 7gd. 25.
A vowel superscript to any consonant but q signifies the omission of r :
t*itlce = traitiee, p°n = pren, c*f = crlf, t°ueret = trouerent, c u utef =
cruutef 5 .
A vowel superscript to q signifies qu : q a tift = quatift, q*pref = qu'apref,
q 1 ! = qu'il, q°i = quoi.
1 Suchier gives a full account of the signs and contractions in his edition of A. et N.
(3rd edit. Paderborn, 1889) ; but he had not the means of reproducing all the signs in
type, and he made one or two trifling slips. $nt (73 a. 33), MS. has qnt; Sutef
(lid. 15), MS. has outef; g = gue- (71 d. 26), MS. has gref. His analysis of the
resolutions of the various contractions is most useful.
a Suchier's decision to treat 9 before m or n as=co because the scribe writes
coment, conifllef, etc, in rail, seems pedantic in view of the many inconsistencies
throughout the MS.
3 It has been often hard to decide whether to print * or — , > or Plainly the
scribe attached no importance to which he wrote ; nor need we to which we print, q is
sometimes very like 4 (the i being undotted) 79 a. 29.
4 Various forms of this sign are given in Chassant, Diet, des Abrcviations t p. xlv
(5th edit, Paris, 1884).
5 The scribe has frequently written letters superscript simply from having left them
out, or from want of space at the end of a line.
Digitized by
INTRODUCTION
7
bn = bien 70b. 21.
au 8 = aues 71 c. 7.
■7 = est once only, 71 17.
l = et.
«fr = livreB.
f = sons.
ure, v?e = voftre.
The following are irregularities : —
g°ref = guerref 71 d- 26, defb'r = deftrrVr 72 d. 32.
auqt = auqaaot 71*. 11, qqf 1= q»a*quef 72 5.
qnt = quant 72 d, 24, 73 a. 4, 76//. 27.
In the proper names the copyist abbreviates according to his space. But
a point . or two points : follow, with few exceptions, the abbreviation of
proper names, as Aug 3 ". Nic 5 *: Cartf*. etc.
In the rubrics the copyist has allowed himself great freedom : writing eft,
o&t, for oantent ; flab : for fabloient, etc.
The signs ii ii are used, 76 c. 7, 8, to show misplaced words.
The letters A. b. in 72 a, 22, 23 to show misplaced lines.
A point . under a letter means deletion, as b 70 d. 19. But where there
are words to be deleted this scribe is too hasty to under-dot each letter,
and simply draws his pen through the whole word or words: B ap c ia
74b. I, etc.
.1. .11. .v. .x. etc. .c. = 100, .v. = 500. Numerals.
The . both before and after the numeral is sometimes forgotten ; even with
1 = un (the article) 73 a. 3, 79 d. 7.
The point . is often used — but quite as often omitted— between two sen- Stops,
tences ; never at the end, where a break occurs, as at a new section.
A waved line ~*~*~>>. sometimes occurs in this latter case, but probably
more as an ornament than as a sign (70^. 29, 70^. 22, 71 b. 14, etc.).
The point . is never used at the end of a line in the verse ; and rarely at
the end of a line in the prose (except where it is part of the contraction or
of a numeral).
The stop r is used occasionally, but only as a mark of exclamation
(73 a. 28, 73 10, 74^. 33, 78^. 23), or question (77 a. 17).
. r : are all used as marks of abbreviation, but the latter two only in proper
names : nio r 72a. 24, auc r 72a. 35, ad : 72 14, nic" : 71 d 35.
. without any other sign of contraction occurs occasionally (barf. 72c. 20,
au.73<*. 15, 77^3)-
The a superscript may be intended to carry also the — , showing omission of n.
Digitized by
8
INTRODUCTION
Separation and In the separation or junction of words and syllables it has been a difficult
words ajuf °* matter t0 decide now t0 attempt to follow the MS. in printing. Stengel,
in his transliteration of the Oxford Chanson de Roland, endeavoured to
syllables ;
of the prepo-
sition ;
follow the MS. exactly in this matter, even to the separation of the initials
from each line of verse. To have carried out this principle faithfully in the
MS. of Aucassin would have been both extremely difficult and extremely
misleading. Not only is the copyist as inconsistent in this matter as
in others, but he often writes words close together merely to get them into
small space (e.g. 75 c. 6), or separates the syllables of a word for no per-
ceptible reason, unless perhaps his pen ran dry and needed to be dipped
afresh in the inkhorn (e. g. 4 doi e 79 b. 23). Fortunately, therefore, there is
not the same need for undertaking this unsatisfactory labour as in the case of
a separate transliteration ; since the facsimile of the MS. itself is here close
to hand, and after all gives a clearer idea of the matter than could be obtained
by the most laborious pains. I have therefore generally followed the modern
usage in the separation of words, except in dispensing with the modern inven-
tion of the apostrophe. It was, it is true, tempting to print aterre, apie, ptot,
paue£e, but to have done so would have suggested that these words were
specially united, whereas they are merely instances of the general habit of
uniting the preposition to the word following.
Other instances are—
auof 71c. 24, afolie 73a. 25, anul 73 £. 18, aroi 77 d. 4, adeft 6 78//. 20,
amorir 74 c. 4, aune 7$d. 37.
deuof 71a. 23, deoe 71 a. 31, demale 73^.25, deli 75^. 15, demi77^. 13,
demon Sob. 14, deboinaire 71 a. 3, deluif oonte 72 a. 7. 1
enli 70 d. 19, entel 71a. 34, enpadif 71 d. 7 (qn padif line before),
enoef 7id. 15, enfon 72c. 26, enbof 76d. 4, en^fon 73*/. 5.
pgrant 71b. 19, pdefeure 74 a. 14, pdeuerf 74 a. 19, paroi 74^. 13,
pho|me 73 a. 22, 23.
poXli 72d. 33, ffle, plain, 77c. 8, 9. When written in full the tail of X
tends to keep the next word at a certain distance. poZ ooi 71b, 32,
pol uof 71b. 36.
foqi (for foZquoi) 72d. 36 ; foZfon 72d. 1, but fol fon 72*-. 28 ; fol auf
75*. 33.
ole 75*. 30, 74^. 4.
entlui 78^. 19, ent e le 74d. 30.
aueuques, aueuo, auoo, contre, sous, in the few places where they
appear, seem separated.
1 de is however more often separated than united. But as separation occurs also
when de is a part of the word (de ft ! r = deftrier, 72 d. 3a ; de gref « degref, 7 a a. 19 ;
de hait = dehait, 77 £. 33; ade mener=a demener, 72 a. 23), it cannot be said to
negative the rule.
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INTRODUCTION
9
The definite article is frequently attached closely to the following word, of the definite
especially in the compounds an, al, del, el : — article ;
laorigne 71 b. 23; lemefbine 76b. 1 ; lamefeine te 74a. 17 ; lijoZ 73^- 14;
liau$nt 71c, 11, 12 ; liunf 75^. 35 ; auoler 73c. 8 ; aueoZf 76b. 1 ;
auconte 76b. 26; alefpee 78*/. 19; alune, alautre, 73d. 34, 35;
delefv^tin 73c. 22 ; delent^ 75 a. 11 ; vgaut 7$b.i; enlonb 6 74</.
25 ; eltanf, elmoif, 73d. 14 ; eloiel 77c. 24.
The possessive pronoun is frequently joined to the following word : — of the posses-
famere 7od. 32 ; matref douce 7 1 d. 9 ; fetref douce 76 b. 1 2. sivc pronoun ;
fl is often attached to the word following: — of the copula
ua roit 7od. 19 ; fla uoit 70*. 5 ; ulidonaffe 71a. 29. 1
In olmier, o2m 7 72c. 21, 27, the epithet is plainly regarded as so habitually oXmier.
joined as to be practically united to the noun ; notwithstanding I have here
printed them according to modern usage.
lau=la u is written as one word, plainly, even in %oc. 32, where the verse lau.
requires it to be pronounced as a dissyllable, and I have therefore printed it
so there and elsewhere, except 70 c. 34, 72 b. 36, 78 c. 27.
jamaif appears to be plainly regarded as one word (71 a. 34, 72 a. 1, etc.). jamaif.
The omission of letters— especially 1 — is frequent, from the running to- Omission of
gether of 11, le, etc : ^oceluuent, ailooient, 74*. 24, 32 ; 4le 7 Sc. 4. In lettcre «
these cases I have still printed the words separate for the sake of easier com-
prehension, except in the case of voufai, 79^. 20, where vou looked impossible.
This plan is not wholly satisfactory, as it robs the first word of its rightful
share in the common 1 ; but, as I said above, there is always the facsimile at
hand to give exact information on such points.
The scribe nowhere uses hyphens to join syllables from the end of one line Hyphens,
to the beginning of another, even where he writes bautill|e 7od. 5, 6 ; de
bonai|re 7od. 20, 21 ; dolnt 71a. 16 ; b|el 75 a. 4 ; wiaumonnef 78c. 29, 30.
I have however allowed myself to use the modern hyphen, in order to fit the
syllables to the notes of the music
This volume consists of 242 leaves (484 pp.) of vellum, mostly in gatherings Description
of eight leaves. These gatherings are usually numbered at the foot of the fc n ^ s S fr a „ 68,
last page in Roman figures, in red. A few of the gatherings are missing, ^"n* Paris!
as well as a stray leaf here and there ; and it appears also that the volume
has been at some time or other (before the modern paging) wrongly bound
up, as the first six gatherings are XX (this number is missing, owing to a
tear in the page), XXI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, [XX]V. Then follow II, III,
etc, regularly, though leaves are wanting here and there, and some of the
numbers are torn away or defaced, up to XVII (the whole gathering of XVI
is missing, and two leaves of XVII). Then come XXVI, XXVII, etc., and
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INTRODUCTION
the numbering continues regularly to the end of the book. The last gathering
is of seven leaves only, and has no number : its number would be XXXV.
It is plain, therefore, that these numbers indicate the original order of the
volume, and that the rubricated numbers which occur at the foot of the first
page in each of the five gatherings which now stand first (I, II, III, IV, V)
are either later, or bear reference to the special work (LAtre Perilleux)
contained in them.
Following the original rubric numbers, we find that there are missing from
the book the following leaves : —
Cahier I.
„ VIII.
„ XVI.
„ XVII.
„ XVIII.
„ XIX.
„ XXV.
the whole
six leaves
the whole
two leaves
the whole
the whole
two leaves
XXXV. Pone leaf
= 8 leaves
- 6 „
= 8 „
= 8 „
= 8 „
2 „
Total 43 leaves.
It should be observed that X has nine leaves, and XXXIII twelve leaves.
The gaps in the literary articles agree with these indications.
Handwritings. The MSS. contained in the volume are in several hands. M. Michel
Deprez had the kindness to tabulate for me the work of the several copyists.
He thinks, judging by the writing, that as many as five or six copyists have
had a share in it ; though, as he says, some of the differences apparent may
be nothing more than might be due to a worn pen or a fresh one. Apparently,
however, there were two chief copyists — one of whom wrote the whole of the
latter part of the volume, beginning at fol. 1 59 (i. e. just after the place where
the transposition of sheets has taken place). To the other is due about half
of the first part, viz. upwards of 80 out of 158 leaves— or possibly more. It is
this copyist who wrote the whole of Aucassin et Nicolete. The same hand
wrote besides almost the whole of the work which, as the volume is now
bound, stands first, viz. L'Atre Perilleux ,as well as a number of shorter lays.
A thorough study of this copyist's work would doubtless be of use in dis-
tinguishing the original dialect of Aucassin et Nicolete from the possible
alterations due to the copyist. (Dr. Suchier, in treating of this question,
deals simply with the evidences to be found in the work itself.)
Date. The writing appears to belong to the latter part of the thirteenth century,
and the musical notation accords with this view.
Contents. From M. Deprez* notes, and my own, I have compiled the following table
of the contents of the whole MS. in their present order, showing the position
*■- present oacrine. and according to th*
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INTRODUCTION
ii
Copyists. Work.
Leaf.
Original Number of
gathering.
i-38v°
XX-XXIIII.
38v°^-45r°<
{? XXIIII-XXV.
C. Li vilains de Farbu ....
XXV.
45v°aand .
b XXV.
(Blank .
46
XXV last fol.)
— Li lais de Eudemarec (impf. at beginning) 47
II.
1A13 UC vTUgCIIlCX ■ • • •
40 54
II.
54-58
III.
58-65
in, uu.
— L'auenture de Graalent
65-70
mi.
^"•1 1 Jit • M * %.T" 1 -
— Cest d'Aucassin et de Nicolete .
70-80
uu, v, vi.
80-84
VI.
— Li faveliaus de quaresme et de carnage
84-88
VI, VII.
— Du Secretam, ou h fablax du moine
88-91
VII.
— Li fabliau de la veuve (impf. at end)
91-94
VII.
(Six leaves missing.)
— L image du Monde par Gautier de Metz
(impf. at beginning) ....
95-96r°
VIII.
96V 0
VIII.
97
(?)ix.)
A * T 'imaon /In \A r\Y\At*
t\ • Li luidgc uu iviuuuc ^cunuiiucuy • .
r\Q t y\ t
yo— isJi
IX.
101—1561^
IX-XVII [XVI
missing].
D. La vie Carlemaine si com il ala en
Espaigne (impf. at end)
156^-158
XVII.
(At least eighteen leaves missing.)
£• Li Bestiaires, che sont les fables de
pluseurs par I sops, traduits par Marie
159-186
YWT VVTV
AAV 1-AA1 A.
La devision des quinze singnes .
186-188
XXIX.
Li drois bestiaires de la devine escripture
188-209
XXIX-XXXII.
Du bouchier d'Abevile
209-213
VW IT
AAA 11.
Du tort contre le tort ....
213-2141^
XXXII.
(Originally Blank; with Latin writing in
later hand, pale and almost illegible,
beginning [L]egit 5 vita BtT b'nardi q
214V 0
XXXII.)
Lucidaires en romans ....
215-239
XXXIII-XXXV.
De le vielle truande, or, De la Viellete .
239-240
XXXV.
Li fabliaus de Dagombert
240^-242
XXXV.
1 This leaf does not apparently belong to this volume, bat has been supplied later ;
as it bears traces of writing and of musical notation (on red lines), now almost
entirely obliterated, which can have no connexion with anything in this volume, and
the number of lines to the column is forty-three instead of thirty-seven.
Digitized by
12
INTRODUCTION
Musical The musical notation has been printed in three only of the editions, viz.
fttion. Barbazan, the Nouvelles fran$oises> and my own (in which I simply copied the
music as given in the latter). A good many mistakes have been printed,
which do not belong to the MS., and the final podatus of the first line has not
been understood or properly rendered. Thanks to Mr. Barclay Squire and
Mr. Rockstro, this podatus is here correctly printed. The notation, which
in the previous editions has been represented by the sixteenth-century
Gregorian notation, is here given in its own form. It will be observed that
the music is written indifferently on staves of four lines or five— in one case
of six. The other irregularities are trifling. In the third and fifth sections
(70 d, 71 b) the first note of the triplet, in the first line, is different in form
from all the other instances where it occurs; and in the sections with
'feminine' assonances (3, 5, 33, 37) the additional note is, in line I, once
placed before the podatus (§ 3), twice after it (§§ 5, 37), and in one case
(§ 33) not given at all. In line 2 the additional note only appears once (§ 3).
Though all the final hemistiches have feminine endings, in none of them
is a second note given. The mistakes in the printed editions have arisen
mostly from the transcribers or editors not noticing that the notes in spaces
are always close to, or even touching, the upper line of the space ; the notes
on the lines are always rather above than below the line , .
Mr. W. S. Rockstro was kind enough to write out the music in modern
notation as follows :
'The last mum in the first phrase of music is a Podatus \ therefore the
three sections of the melody must be read thus :
I. /_ g> ^ g>
II.
III.
i
i
3' g 5
i On fol. 79 c the Podatus is followed by another note, the first phrase
therefore stands thus :
P
1 There is a facsimile of a finely written piece of music in this notation (from a
Graduale secundum usum Sarum of the fifteenth century, in the British Museum,
Lansd. 462), plate XVI, in The Musical Notation of the middle ages, prepared
for the members of the Plainsong and Mediaeval Musical Society, fol., London,
Masters, 1890.
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INTRODUCTION
13
'The form of the Podatus is subject, in early MSS., to more variation
than that of almost any other neum; but the figure shown in this MS. is
a very common one.'
The text of Aucassin et Nicolete was first printed in Moon's edition of Printed texts.
Barbazan's Fabliaux et contes, 4 vols. Paris, 1808 (Vol. I, pp. 380-418).
A new and thoroughly delightful recension of it was published in the
Nouvelles frangoises en Prose du XIII d Sitele by Moland and d'H^ricault,
Paris, 1856 (Bibl. Elzevir.). This recension was again revised by M.
Gaston Paris, in the beautiful text appended to M. Bida's translation
(Paris, 1878), and in the same year appeared Prof. Suchier's carefully studied
edition 'in usum scholarum' (Halle, 1878, and re-edited 1881 and 1889).
In 1887 I published a text and English translation in London, but as I had
not then seen the MS. I based my text on Suchier's second edition, compared
with the Nouv.franq. and G. Paris' editions.
The folios of the transliteration are numbered according to the present Numbering of
paging of the MS., the columns being lettered a, b, c, d. The lines are [^j^^^ 16 *
numbered strictly according to the number of lines ruled by the CQpyist It Ijteration. *"
will be observed that in the earlier part the music staves usually fill the space
of two lines of MS., whereas in the latter part they only take up the space
of one line. All the columns have thirty-seven lines, except in a single
opening 76c, d, 77 a, b, where there are only thirty-six lines in each column.
The miniation of capitals and lines is strictly followed, except that in a few Miniation.
places the initial O of the rubrics OX fe oante, OX dlent, has been slightly
touched with red in the MS., but as the letter itself is always fully written in
black I have printed these plain.
In a few places, 76 d. 19, 77 c. 34, 78 37, I have used italics to show that Italics,
letters are doubtful.
Note. — The question seems worth suggesting whether the copyist was
specially familiar with this work, seeing that at least three of his mistakes
arise, apparently, from reminiscences of other passages in it. See 73 d. 12,
74 b. 2, 80 b. 6, and notes thereon.— A thorough study of the copyist's
mistakes and corrections, as for instance the frequent omission of r, and
the corrections of a first written o to j (jeterent 75 b. 26, je 76 c. 2, and cf.
73 £. 11, note), should throw light upon the questions of pronunciation
and dialect.
E RRATA
In spite of all my care the following errata passed imperceived till too late to
correct them : —
72 a. a a, fa mle should be printed famie.
7 a c. 3, the first je should (probably) be printed Jo (see note).
7 a d. 37, l'elfcee should be printed lefpee.
74 c. 1, pieire should be printed pierre.
1f,d.6, prouera should be printed Qfprouera.
In the photo-facsimile, 79 d. a 8, the letters ate have unfortunately got cut off from
the end of the line.
- PHOTO-FACSIMILE FROM MS. 2168 FONDS
FRANC. IN THE BIBLIOTHEQUE
NATIONALE, PARIS
AND
TYPE-TRANSLITERATION OF THE SAME
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79 «
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s
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C 1 1 jj 1 1 ^
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+3
ni vau-roit
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a
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fifent fefte^li % ml't li de
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ml't fanbloit bien gentix fe 35
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lox fot a dire 4 ele eftoit
Digitized by
79^
car ele fu pree petif efef . il na
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3
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Digitized by
8oa
8ob
de nicholete le prox
Q4 ot amee tanf iorf
dont jete foufpirf % ploif
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5 trait viele trait arcon
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de nicholete la prouf
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nic^. I qle lauoit noXrie fi le fift
Digitized by
Qoc
Sod
lauer % baignier % fejoair". viii
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fi fu aufi bele qle auoit onqf
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draf de foie dont la dame auoit
affef fi fafiift en le canbre fox -
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15 lapela fi li dift auc". ox ne v 9
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35 Contre lui en pief fali
Ouant 02 le uoit aucaflinf
doucement le recoulli
lef euf li baifle % le uif
La nuit le laiffent enfi
tref^u demain p matin
§ lefpoufa aucaflinf
dame de biaucaire e fift
puif vef4rent il maif dif
% menerent loX delif
Or a fa joie aucafinf
% nicholete autrefi
No cante fable prent fin
Nen fai pluf dire
Digitized by
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NOTES
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NOTES
The Manuscript of Aucassin et Nicolete being unique, the * various
readings' in different editions consist merely in diverse decipherments of
the single script, or emendations to the actual readings of the Manuscript.
The following notes mainly deal with the former class. The latter is only
noticed in the more important places.
The editions are referred to as follows (v. Introduction, p. 13) : —
Me'on = Barbazan et M6on, 1808, Vol. I.
N.F. = Nouvelles frangoises, 1856.
Paris = Gaston Paris' revision, 1878.
Suchier = Suchier, first, second, or third edition (1878, 1881, 1889).
Bartsch = extract in Bartsch's Chrestomathie de Vancien Franqais.
In Me*on's edition there are many simple mis-readings, about which there
is no doubt. I have not thought it worth while to notice all.
G. Paris prints habitually -us, or -1b, for -x in dous, seuls, deus, etc.
Suchier's readings vary somewhat in his three editions. I have usually
noted only those of the third and last edition. Many of his corrections are
due, he says, to suggestions of Orelli (Altfranz. Grammatik) and A. Tobler
(Review in Zeitschrift fur Rom. PhiloL II. 624).
CoL 70 b, line 12 (second stave of music). Meon and N. F. print first
note in space above, instead of on the line. See Introd. p. 12.
1. 14. caitif : closely resembles antif, and so read by Ste-Palaye, and
printed in the Catalogue of the Bibl. Nat.
1. 20. The line is hyper-syllabic. Paris and Suchier omit the second eft.
dox: D'ax, Me'on; Dax, N.F. (See Introd. pp. 3-5 as to likeness of
a and o.)
1. 23. tant : the initial altered from d.
1. 34. no: Me'on, N.F., Paris, ne ; Suchier, na. It is certainly not ne,
and almost certainly not na. (See Introd. pp. 3-5 for e, o, a.)
1. 35. aioXnef : M£on, mornes.
Digitized by
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6 4
NOTES
1. 30. The initial of Pere is a miniated capital ; the only instance where
such is used in this MS., except at the beginning of a new section of prose
or verse.
The miniated I . I . I . I . at foot denotes the end of the fourth cahier,
or gathering, in the MS. volume as originally arranged. See Introd. pp. 9, 10.
Col. 70 d, 1. 10. rai for roi : cf. raif 78 c. 25.
1. 19. b underdotted, as a mistake.
1. 29. . n . = Nicole, not Nicolete.
1. 30. nulf : Paris, nule ; Suchier, nua.
1. 34. MTicolete : all editors, Nicolete. The dash, denoting n, added by
mistake; cf. 71 a, 3. But may be only an over- large dash to dot the i ; cf . mi
71 d. 37.
1. 37. moullie : Paris, Suchier, moullier. The omission of r may be due
to the pronunciation.
Col. 71 a, 1. 1. i>m : Me'on, N. F., prens ; Paris, prene.
1. 3. Nic\ : see note above on 70 d. 34.
1. 5. meleraire : Me'on, N. F., mel traire ; Suchier, Paris, m'esclaire.
I. 9. douo : all editors but N. F. supply the missing e, douoe. (Note that
the last word of the hemistich always ends in e mute.) Cf. far = fare, 71 c. 6.
II. 10, 11. biauea re. The turning of the line accounts for the slip.
Suchier alone prints Biauoaire.
1. 15. qnf for vifquenf, as Paris and Suchier. Slip due to the turning of
the line; cf. 71 c. 28.
1. 18. coZ : sic, but all editors print car. See Introd. pp. 3-5, for likeness
of o and a; and p. 4 for use of 1 in oal. If col is authentic, it stands for o'o*=
qu'ol; cf. oon=qu'on, 71 b. 10. But the similarity of construction to
71 d. 4, 5, 6, makes for caZ.
pt : Paris, perc.
1. 19. The final e of faire is entangled with the tail of the opposite N, and
appears confused in the facsimile. In the MS. the miniation of N makes
it clear.
1. 21. puif % auoir. All editors but M£on omit the %. Possibly there may
have been a verb lost before it.
1. 26. ne 4l i : Me'on, N. F., a ce qu'il i. The first stroke of n has been
altered from some other letter, and looks like a; but the second stroke
cannot possibly be c.
parole : indistinguishable from potole.
1. 35. Ce gardef vou£ All editors print Or for Ce, but the word is totally
different from the copyist's oX or or, and exactly like his oe (cf. 73 b. 11
and 17).
Col. 71 b, 1. 9. feele : f altered from c.
1. 18. The musical notation is wanting to this line. The employment of a
contraction y=eft, which occurs only in this place, suggests that the scribe
thought of writing both lines in one here, as in 72 c. 20 (see note there), but
found he would not have room.
I/20. amiramie, or a miramie. An unknown word, but clearly written,
and this column is specially free from clerical errors. Suchier, a mirabile.
Digitized by
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Col. 71 c, 1. 3. The unmeaning stroke before ni may be the first stroke of
i, the scribe beginning feral, and finding he was omitting ni.
I. 6. far : Suchier, fare ; Paris, faire (cf. douo= douce, 71 a. 9). It seems
almost permissible to count this as an abbreviation, rather than a mistake.
1. 7. The miniator has painted in A, instead of E", for the initial.
1. 19. e=e, the stroke forgotten, as 78 b. 22.
1. 20. pluf : written first pui; and 1 added.
1. 28. $nf : a mistake for vifqueni; the vif forgotten owing to the turning
of the line ; cf. 71 a. 15.
1. 33. nourie : the o is very irregularly formed, and is in fact r ; cf. the
r in $ref 71 d. 26.
1. 36. maif: the second stroke of a is so high that the letter is really
d (cf. 71 d. 32 ualri; and 35 jaie).
Col. 71 d, 1. 1 5. Sutef (=oruutea) : Me*on, N. F., Paris, oroutes ; Suchier
(reading outef ), creutes.
1. 17. taterelef : Mlon, N. F., Paris, tateeeles ; Suchier, tatereles (in note
1st and 2nd edition, in text 3rd). The letter is plainly r, when compared with
tref 76 a. 26, ifoir 74 c. 18, miramie 71 b. 20, etc. The o in oen and
cropent just above (10, 14), though superficially like, shows on examination
a marked difference, and was probably made in three strokes, the r in two.
1. 18. deoaue: Mdon, N.F., Paris, decauf.
1. 20. defoi : Meon, N. F., de fei ; Paris, de foi.
1. 26. gref : Meon, N. F., Paris, guerres ; Suchier, gueres (reading £ref ;
cf. line 1 5 above).
bie : Paris, buen ; Suchier, boin.
1. 32. uairf : the second stroke of the a too high (cf. 71 c. 36).
1. 33. h^peoZ : Suchier, harpeor ; others, herpeor.
1. 35. jaie : a too high (cf. line 32 above).
Col. 72 a, 1. 7. ife fe: Mdon, N. F., sic (N. F. notes, ise, ice Celui-ci),
Paris, si se. Suchier, 1st edit., I Be ; 2nd and 3rd, II se.
1. 22. fa mie : this should have been printed famie.
1. 25. The b of the first Max is altered from v.
1. 29. The f of fui altered from some other letter, ? u.
1. 31. The scribe wrote m& for nen, and corrected it by a dot under the
third stroke of m.
Col. 72 b, 1. 1. g*re=gerre (cf. Gerroie in full, 73 a, 20). The sign of
contraction appears to have been altered from e superscript (g*re). Suchier
in his 1st edit, prints gerre; in the after editions guerre, as the other
editors.
I. 8. mu'f : r superscript merely from omission.
II. 13, 14. The u of biauoaire has been forgotten, owing to the turning of
the line (cf. 71 a. 10).
1. 27. fi altered from oi.
1. 31. farre. All editors faire, but the two r's are plain. Cf. fare 70 c. 22,
far 71 c. 6.
1. 34. le : Paris, Suchier, correct to li.
1. 35. uo'fe : i superscript merely as an omission.
E 2
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66
NOTES
1. 36. la u : perhaps this should be printed lau (v. In trod. p. 9).
CoL 72 c, 1. 3. fofleroie: sic apparently ; but probably =ff, as all editors
print.
je q je. The first je may be jo, as Suchier prints (v. Introd. p. 5, note 1).
1. 15. a li : Suchier, o li ; cf. 73 a. 37, where a is quite plain.
I. 18. fu lie. The two strokes of the u are almost joined by an accidental
stroke or blot. Me*on, folie (? 'is wild with joy') ; N. F., fa lie (with note
4 Pa pour fait: fait Aucassin joyeux'); Paris corrects to fait; Suchier, fU
lie (3rd edit, lief), with note on the 'flowing together* of the u. Section 40
ends % auo 7 fu lief; 80 r. 21 ; and 80 c. 34 occurs fu lie=fu lief,
II. 19, 20. The two lines of musical notation, and of verse, are run into one.
The notes were plainly written after the words, the first three notes, for
instance, being crowded together to go over the abbreviated Auo 7 ". At the
same time, the two lines of verse are written unusually closely (notice, too,
the arbitrary contraction baif =baisier). Probably the lines for the notation
were ruled first ; the scribe found only one stave (as above, 71 d), and this
time preferred to cram both lines into one to leaving out the second.
1. 31. Suchier, Paris, es estriers. The likeness of syllable accounts for the
copyist's slip ; cf. 73 d. 6.
1. 34. li : Suchier, Paris, correct to le.
1. 36. enl : M£on, N. F., Paris, ent ; Suchier, en. The 1 is apparently an
accident, as 71 c. 3.
Col. 72 d, 1. 1. The initial A has been forgotten by the miniator.
1. 2. 06 u 5 : u like n. The scribe evidently wrote con auef at first, and
altered it by simply adding the signs of contraction.
1. 23. Suchier, Paris, add le after 11. As so often with this copyist, the slip
occurs at the turning of a line.
1. 24. foroient : all editors feroient.
1. 32. delt*r=deftrir : Meon, N. F., Paris, destrier.
1. 36. fo4i=Borquoi. The omission perhaps due to pronunciation.
Col. 78 a, 1. 1. Before deftre Suchier supplies ferir a (cf. 78 d. 20), which
has slipped out owing to the turning of the line and column.
h'm : Meon, N. F., herm ; Suchier, hiaumes ; Paris, helmes.
1. 3. i=un; usually .i. (cf. 79^. 7).
1. 5. Suchier omits the first I ; Paris prints si instead. It is conceivable
that the omitted words between cols. 72 d and 73 a contained some con-
struction which made this et grammatical.
1. 21. .zx a ja dure : Me'on, Vingt ana a ja dure ; N. F., . xx . ans ja
dure ; Paris, vint ans ja dure ; Suchier, 1st and 3rd edit., . xx . ana a ja
dure ; 2nd, . xx . mois a ja dure. The copyist was evidently napping here :
witness the omission of the dot after the numeral . xx, and the next word,
cest for ceste. The two columns of this page contain the most important
faults of the whole MS.
1. 32. Enne: Me'on, N. F., Paris, or ne. The two lower arms of the E
(a capital) have run together.
1. 37. laroiie. It is by no means certain that the copyist did not himself
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67
additional mark in the 1, as if there had been an attempt to turn it into i ;
and oi are run together, as if with the intention of making them one letter, o
or a. For a possible intended correction of the same kind, cf. 80 b. 34.
Col. 73 b, 1. 2. Paris and Suchier, 2nd and 3rd edit., insert oe before
meuftef. The sentence seems certainly confused as it stands; but it is
possible that the MS. reading is genuine. It is not out of keeping with the
hasty and colloquial style of the prose that what is really a dependent clause
of the rhetorical question should, in a somewhat slip-shod fashion, be made
to do second duty as the dependent clause of the affirmatory reply.
1. 3. ie voil ie : Suchier, 1st edit., ja voil je ; Paris and Suchier, 2nd and
3rd edit, oe voil je.
I. 4. fai : unsounded t omitted, as in defen 72 b. 23, etc.
1. 11. ce fui : Paris, je sul; Suchier, or sui (without, as usual, indicating
that it is not the MS. reading). There can be no doubt as to the word.
Compare the ce in eertef, four words before. (Cf. antea 71 a. 35, and
infra 17.) The copyist probably pronounced ce and je very much alike. In
75 b. 26, and 76 c. 2, he has himself corrected ce to je.
1. 14. voire fait . aioire fait : Meon, N. F., voire fait .A! voire . fait ;
Paris, voire, fait avez, fait ; Suchier, voire ! fait, with note that the scribe
began to write fait Auoassin. But there are no signs of erasure, and the
word aioire seems written intentionally. Godefroy gives aioire as an
exclamation of joy (with a citation from Mir. de S. Eloi, p. 49, Peigne*).
Perhaps the scribe interrupted his writing after the first fait, and on
resuming put the full stop and copied aioire for voire, not observing that
he had already written it right.
1. 15. fiat : corrected to fait by all editors (cf. 77 a. 14).
1. 17. ce: Suchier, or, without indication that it is not the MS. reading
(cf. 1. II supra, and 71 a. 35).
1. 29. bol : Me*on, N. F., Paris, Bougars ; Suchier, Borgars.
I. 32. enon du. Suchier corrects to diu ; but it is possible that the
expression enon du is meant for a hasty colloquialism, as por le cuer be is
used as a vulgar euphemism, 76 b. 27.
Col. 73 c, 1. 6. The initial d is partly obscured by the miniated Q above.
L 7. poia deptir. The first stroke of d looks as if it had been an i at
first. Perhaps the scribe began to write poroit.
II. 15, 16. In the interspace of the columns here, there are some words
faintly written in a later hand, but almost illegible. (Suchier suggests
Denise est cely).
1. 27. fain : r superscript, having been omitted ; not to show contraction
(cp. 72 b. 8, 74 a. 4, etc.).
Col. 73 d, 1. 6. ce superscript, having been omitted, evidently from likeness
of syllable in the next word, oelier (cf. 72 £.31).
1. 8. ni : all editors m'i (cf. 75 b. 10, 75 c. 36). There is no overstroke to
mark the i : but also there is no attachment to make m.
1. 11. The initial of aucafinf is repeated, being written as well as miniated.
1. 12. The letters struck out may have been the beginning of li crif, from
a reminiscence of 71 c. 9 (cf. 74 b. 2).
Digitized by
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NOTES
1. 21. def : Suchier, Paris, Bartsch, del. Perhaps the stroke that turns
1 into f is a mere penman's slip. Cp. 74 d. 27, where the same thing occurs,
also before hard o.
1, 23. re superscript, merely an omission.
Col. 74 a, 1. 4. le : all editors correct to les.
leu r etef : The r superscript is merely an omission,
umelletef =vremelletes : Picard form, as Suchier points out.
1. 16. fanf : a mere copyist's error for fef, as N. F. points out.
Col. 74 b, 1. 1. The copyist began to write the previous line over again.
A mistake due, as so many, to the turning of the column.
1. 2. a reGreter : Suchier, Paris, omit a, which is probably a reminiscence
of 72a. 22 (cf. 7 id. 12).
1. 9. ure=vostre : the contraction mark forgotten.
1. 26. mariif : Suchier, m'ariief (conj.) ; the other editors, m'aries (fut).
1. 32. jSdifle : diff altered from der : te superscript, from omission.
I.34. osrirre: Me'on, occirre : the others ooirre. Suchier, in note,
' perhaps ozirre.' occirre is written 74 c. 27.
Col. 74 c. 1. 1. pieire: this should certainly have been printed pierre, as
all editors print it. The second stroke of the first r is merged in the first
stroke of the next.
1. 3. mefoerueleroie. The second e is very irregularly formed, perhaps
altered from some other letter, or possibly intended for two letters, ie or ir.
1. 6. Ar : Bartsch and Suchier take r for i with overstroke. The other
editors take A = Aucassina.
1. 14. amf(= amors). The contraction sign has been altered from am^f
or am'f (cf. 79 a. 29).
1. 17. cue: Bartsch, Suchier, cuer: the others our. The last letter is
almost certainly e. The scribe was much given to leaving out his r's
(cf. 73'. 27, 74 a. 4, etc.).
CoL 74 d. 1. 1. The musical notation to the second line of verse is
wanting, a mistake due, as so many, to the turning of the column.
1. 2. II : Suchier reads it Ii ; but the letter may quite well be a low L
Mdon, N. F., Bartsch, Li : Paris, Suchier, correct to si.
vn f oanf. The f superscript, as an omission, seems to show that the
copyist at all events wrote the words deliberately, unconscious of any fault in
grammar ; and as the tendency was to leave out the final f in the subjective
case rather than to add it in the objective the mistake is rather puzzling.
Probably the scribe wrote oanf rather hastily, and then without much
reflection altered un to agree with it. By reading the first word as Li the
construction becomes grammatical, but rather strained and unnatural.
1. 6. le : 1 altered from b.
1. 7. rant : i superscript, merely from omission.
1. 19. The vowel a or e is covered by the miniated initial H. All editors
read He (cp. infra 33).
I.27. def: Paris, Suchier, Bartsch, correct to del: cf. antea 73d. 21,
where the same mistake occurs, also before hard o.
1. 33. il : a mere carelessness for ele.
Digitized by
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69
1. 35. remain : superfluous overline, as 70 d. 34.
me : omitted and superscript.
I.36. marde: N. F., Suchier, Paris, Bartsch, m'ardera (cf. So a. 27).
But the present tense has some graphic force.
Col. 76 a, 11. 17, 18. There is some confusion here. Suchier* s suggestion
is the simplest, that the copyist wrote tant qle by mistake, and neglected
to cross out the tant as well as the qle. All the other editors print tant
qu'ele si monta tout a grans peines. But there is no doubt that qle
is crossed out. The word at the beginning of line 18 may be tant or tout,
equally well*.
Col. 76 b, 1. 3. li is by mistake erased as well as lion.
1. 4. The line wants a syllable. Bartsch and Paris supply grant before
plente. Suchier a in the same place, a very good correction, the slip being
then due to the likeness of two succeeding syllables, as 72 c. 31, 73 d. 6, etc.
1. 10. nix: all editors mix (Paris mius). The i has no overstroke (cf.
73^.8,75^.36).
1. 19. uit=vint: the overline forgotten.
1. 26. jeterent : the j is altered from o. See 73 b. 11, note.
1. 31. 4 il either for q il=que il, as Suchier : or the i of il inserted by
error, =qu'il as other editors (cf. 79 15).
1. 34. enfait ele : all editors enfant fait ele. The scribe had written
enfa and then paused, or was confused from the likeness of syllable (cf.
72 c. 31, etc, and more especially 76 c. 25).
1. 36. def : f is altered from some other letter, perhaps o. All editors
supply ele after fait It has dropped in turning from line to line.
# This column, 75 b, is unusually full of mistakes. Out of eleven slips,
small and great, seven are uncorrected, and one of the corrections itself
involves a fresh mistake (1. 3).
Col. 76 o, 1. 3. ql a = quel a : corrected by all editors to qu'il a (cf.
76 b. 34).
1. 36. oenin : The i has the overstroke. Suchier, Bartsch, Paris, correct
to oemin. For n put for m cf. 73 d. 8, 75 b. 10.
Col. 76 d, 1. 6. The first words should be printed Qfferouera.
1. 14. la: altered from le.
1. 17. The second ne, redundant and making the line hyper- syllabic, is
omitted by all editors.
1. 23. rep^t : N. F., Suchier, repost ; Paris, repust ; Meon, report, as
if rep't : hence given in Roquefort's Glossaire, s. v. repairier.
1. 34. P • underdotted, as an error ; but Mdon apparently did not observe
this, as he prints por.
Col. 76 a, 1. 2. demenalt : Meon, N. F., Suchier, 1st edit, derve n'ost.
The word is written with a break in it. G. Paris was the first to print it
rightly.
- v»rm : b is altered from 9, probably the first syllable of conseL
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70
NOTES
1. 25. faifoiet : The a and o are exactly alike. The cross stroke over 6
forgotten.
CoL 76 b, 1. 1. The line is hyper-syllabic. Suchier, Bartsch, Paris,
correct ooXfet to net. But it is easier to believe that the copyist simply
repeated a syllable (as in 75*/. 17), and it is noticeable that all the other
lines of this verse-section end with a diminutive.
1. 13. qle altered from 4le.
1. 21. a underdotted to mark an error.
1. 31. me buef : Suchier, Bartsch, Paris, correct to mee bues.
1. 34. ql=all editors correct to qu'il (cf. 75 c. 3).
CoL 76 o, 1. 2. je : j altered from c. See 73 b. 11, note.
I. 6. o2aif : ol and m are so much alike that this word might be Mains.
II. 7, 8. The scribe has himself corrected the order of the words.
1. 8. mangief=mangiens: the cross stroke over e forgotten.
1. 12. def Hen : Suchier, Paris, Bartsch, correct to del sien (cf. 73//. 21,
74 d. 27).
1. 25. Sfait for enfant : mistake from likeness of syllable (cf. 75 b. 34).
1. 26. dx : Suchier Dix : the rest Dex (Paris Deue) (cf. 75 b. 10).
me : the first stroke of m written as L
L 29. The miniated initial A altered from Q.
Col. 76 d, 1. 10. dix : Meon, N. F., Paris, Dex ; Suchier corrects to diu,
Bartsch to deu.
L 14. de uoie en vo : Suchier was the first to read these words, though,
once determined, there is no doubt about them. All other editors had been
content with Moon's guess, devers Nicolete. The edge of the parchment
is greasy, and did not take the ink, or has allowed it to be more easily
rubbed. This has affected the ends of about a dozen lines, in which the
words are more or less indistinct.
1. 17. nie is crossed out.
1. 19. on nouer detuf el pi 9 entier. All editors but Suchier read en
for on ; but the letter is not formed as this copyist forms his e (see Introd.,
p. 5, note 1). All editors print deeus, without questioning ; but the last two
letters seem doubtful in the present state of the parchment. The u more
resembles e, or even a, as written, for instance, in forai 78 b. 35. The next
letter might be 1 or i ; there is no trace of the second stroke to form f, the
mark that has perhaps been taken for one being, apparently, merely dirt in
the grain of the vellum, helped by a crease, which gives the impression of a
line. At the same time, it is difficult to suggest any word that would give
more satisfactory sense to this troublesome passage, and the parchment is so
rubbed that the missing strokes may have once existed. If so, they were
perhaps more legible in the time of Ste-Palaye (1752), who renders the
passage : Ses habits en furent tous ddchirds, & il n'en restoit pas un morceau
a recoudre Tun par dessus l'autre.
1. 21. Ganf : Suchier, Paris, Bartsch, correct to ganbes.
1. 24. a . nic 3 *. The . before the abbreviated proper name . nic*. is carried
on to join the n.
Digitized by
NOTES
7i
I. 25. 4 ne = qu'il no. Meon, N. F., Paris, Bartsch, read que ne, as
if q ne.
1. 3a ceuaucoit.l: so the MS. ; but all the editors take the point for i,
and read il. To this there are three objections. The . is too small, and is
not formed like i (c£ the very small i in Li 76 c. 36) ; it is too far off from
the 1; and lastly to read il leaves the words before tote— ceuaucoit as
a stunted and isolated sentence, very different from the author's usual
narrative style. If 1 is taken for f with the second stroke forgotten, the
reading becomes fefgarda, and the sentences are linked as usual ; the writer
habitually preferring the simple copula to other conjunctions : ' He was
riding, and looked/ etc.='As he was riding, he looked,' etc
1. 31. ei&arda deuant. There is a mark between these two words, as if
to attach them.
Col. 77 a, 1. 14. flat : all editors correct to fait (cf. 73 b. 15).
1. 15. ao 7 .=auoa88ins. Doubtless a mere slip for Auc/\
1. 29. Href: i altered from some other letter.
U- 34> 35* Suchier, 1st edit., supplies done* after oust. In 2nd and 3rd edit,
he follows G. Paris in reading envoiaat instead of eust. Seeing how often
this copyist's mistakes and omissions are due to the turning of a line, it seems
likely that some participle, such as donee, has dropped out after volentiera.
Col. 77 b, L 4. v ne : ne superscript, owing to omission.
1. 5. 11 : Suchier, Paris, Bartsch, correct to le.
1. 15. facie : faltered from c.
defou : Meon, desou. Suchier, Paris, correct to desoua.
1. 30. buef : b altered from some other letter.
U« 34-36. A tear at the foot of the leaf has destroyed all but the first two
or three letters of the last three lines. In the first line there is little doubt
that the first two words are qull vint, and there are traces of the tops of two
letters soon after, and of one letter or sign at the end. In the next line the
letters left are probably A, and the first stroke of u, m, or n. In the last
. nio^ . is left entire. Suchier has taken account of most of the traces left in
his conjectural restoration, which he probably framed somewhat as follows :
4l ui/ ftf de lau li .vtt. cemin afoZket
flu*/ deu&t lui le loge q vof fauef $
. nio^ . auoit faite . % le loge eftoit fozree
which gives what must be approximately the sense. But it is spoilt by the
phrases pres de la and que vos saves — which are quite alien to this author's
style. We may guess that the missing words contained the first graphic
impression of the picture of the bower in the moonlight, which is finished with
embellishing touches in the next column.
Col. 77 c, 1. 4. Between le and pout is a flaw, ab origine, in the parchment.
1. 18. tant: Paris and Suchier correct to tout; but the word is here very
clearly written, and, though not strictly in construction, is a natural anticipa-
tion of the tant to follow, quite in keeping with the author's style. Cf. the
construction 77 d. 22-25.
1. 32. leb : the b is altered from, or possibly to, f. Meon, lea blons ;
N.F., lea blont; Paris, Suchier, Bartsch, le blont.
Digitized by
72
NOTES
1. 33. This line is hyper-syllabic. Suchier and Paris omit quo. Me*on
prints Je quide que Dix le veut, omitting avoir. The d of quid has a
slight addition, which apparently he mistook for e.
1. 34. The older editions, M£on, N. F., Paris, print this line —
(The two latter omit des.) To Suchier belongs the credit of having, from the
slight remaining traces, restored the line almost certainly as it should be :
It will be seen that this reading precisely corresponds with all indications of
space, and fragments of letters, besides giving very good and poetical sense.
The partial destruction of this line, and complete disappearance of the
last three lines of the column, are due, of course, to the same tear as is
mentioned above, 77 b.
Col. 77 d, 1. 7 (Rubric), fabloient : the o is an a, and the e appears to
have been o re-touched to make e.
1. 20. pul q : Suchier corrects to puis que.
I. 25. reuit. The r looks at first sight like i, as the second stroke is
merged in the first stroke of e (cf. cabref 78 c. 25).
Col. 78 a, 1. 18. The 1 at the end of the line is probably the first stroke of
m, the copyist having begun to go on with the next line, as 72 a. 29. Me'on,
N. F., Paris, read destors.
II. 30, 31. Some words are evidently wanting here, as noticed by all editors.
Probably, as Suchier suggests, the missing sentence ended also in le riue,
and the copyist took the wrong one as his cue. The mistake occurs, as so
often, at the turning of a line. The sense is evident, and very few words are
needed to complete it. It could hardly be more than two or three lines, at
most, which would be slipped in this way.
11. 32, 33. A rubbed bit of the parchment has destroyed a letter or two in
each of these lines. In line 32 le is only just visible, and there is room
before it for the 1 of qu'iL In line 33 all editors read furent, probably
rightly ; though the f has quite disappeared, and there is room for more than
a single letter.
Col. 78 b, 1. 2. The first X in toielore has been altered from some other
letter, perhaps r.
1. 5. oeft ot : for ceetoit. The ot is superscript merely to save space, and
the omission of i a mere slip.
1. 8. The copyist had apparently written on li dift, the phrase of two lines
above, and corrected it by drawing a line through dift, and turning on into
cil, and li into le.
1. 22. e=en, the overstroke forgotten, as 71 c. 19.
1. 35. faral The second letter is very unshapely, and it is possible the
copyist tried to make it into e.
1. 37. At the foot of this leaf there is an irregular tear, which fortunately,
however, has not done so much damage as the tear on the previous leaf. This
tear has been mended by a piece of parchment pasted over the verso of the
For la biautt des
For la lu[mier]e de s[oir]
NOTES
73
lower part of the leaf, as described below (78 c. 37). Of the lowest line of
column 78 6., the latter half has been affected by this tear ; the lower part
of several letters being torn off, and several having altogether disappeared.
The parchment seems not to have torn clean, but to have peeled slightly at
the edges, on the recto side of the leaf. In consequence, while more of the
letters are gone on this side, the letters on the verso show through, and have
undoubtedly hitherto confused the reading. All this can be seen fairly in the
facsimile, ancef is pretty evident The next mark seems to be an e super-
script, written over the t (destroyed) = tre. The next stroke visible is clearly
the top of an f, but the peeled space between is too wide for a mere space,
and probably contained an f (peref occurs often, 70 c. 37, etc.). After £ the
only genuine strokes visible are the dash of i and the cross-stroke of t, the
remaining marks being the letters on the other side showing through, as can
be readily seen if the words on the verso, Sol fon arcon, are traced on a bit
of tracing paper, and laid, reversed, upon the recto side, when they exactly
correspond to all the marks other than those mentioned above. Meon, N. F.,
anoissor fist ; Paris, ancestre fist ; Suchier, ains tint.
Col. 78 o, 1. 4. This Rubric is written very hastily, the unsounded t of
content dropped, and faboient (apparently) written for fabloient.
1. 9. f^rt : all editors flert. Strictly, the contraction sign means er or
ier ; and the written r is superfluous.
1. 17. vo; o very like a.
1. 25. ca I bref : the r looks like i, the second stroke being merged in the
first stroke of e, as 77 d. 25.
raill The editors print rois. Suchier notes the MS. reading (cf. rai,
1. 27. la u clearly separated, elsewhere as one word : v. Introd. p. 9.
1. 28. t r ouerent : r superscript from omission.
1. 33. ef |meueUa=68meruella ; v. 74 c. 17, note.
1. 37. Suchier first read this line, which is omitted by all editions before.
The irregular tear at the foot of leaf 78, noticed before, has destroyed the
lower parts of a few letters on this side also, but left them quite unmistakable.
But formerly there was a piece of parchment pasted across the lower part of
the leaf on the verso side to strengthen the torn edges. M. Deprez was
obliging enough to consent to this being removed for the purpose of making
the facsimile. In the facsimile the mark left by the removal is clearly
visible ; and explains how the earlier editions came to omit the second stave
of music, and second line of the verse. Though even before the removal both
music and words were visible, when the leaf was held up against the light,
which is presumably how Suchier deciphered the line.
Col. 78 d, 1. 4. All editors read frontages. The copyist very likely wrote
f and then, absently, altered it to f to begin the next word, freL
1.6. oanpef: M£on, N.F., Paris, caupes ; Suchier, canpes. The n is
plain, and gives a rather more pointed epithet.
1. 25. en : Paris, and Suchier, 2nd and 3rd editions, correct to enne, and
take comment as a separate question. But this is unnecessary, and
70 d. 10).
Digitized by
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NOTES
wish me to avenge you of them ? (if I am not to kill them). ' The writer's
habit is to put in the speaker's name as early as possible in a speech.
Cf. 77 b. 28 for a strong example.
1. 30. li : altered from (?) b.
L 33. aucaflif : N. F., Paris, Suchier, correct to auoaesin.
1. 36. fu me : all editors correct to mie. A glance at the MS. shows
how easy is such a mistake ; umj should be written in six similar strokes,
the scribe made one too few.
This leaf 78 is the eighth and last of the gathering or cahier. It has
therefore the catch-words Sire roif at foot to attach it to the next. The
tear has doubtless removed the miniated number V which should also be
here (see Introd. pp. 9, 10).
Col. 79 a, 1. 8. tele : Meon, N. F., Suchier, cele (the latter notes it may be
either), Paris, tele. A comparison with the c's and the t's in the neigh-
bourhood makes t pretty certainly right.
1. 27. auc\ : a penman's slip for Nic^., corrected by all editors.
I.29. m-= mur or mor: for m'=mer : corrected by all editors. The
converse mistake was made, but altered, 74 c. 14.
q=que. Me'on, N. F., Paris, qui.
Col. 79 b, L 15. The i of il is superfluous, cf. 75 b. 31.
I. 20. voufai : for voua sat
1. 27. A second eftoit, or fu, is wanting, the omission due as usual to the
turning of the line.
1. 29. f re : The contraction sign should strictly be after the r*
1. 33. de : superscript from omission.
1. 36. de haut : some word seems wanting. Suchier supplies parage
(cf. 71 a. 1, 79 18) ; de haut lignage occurs 7%d. 35, in a prose section.
Col. 79 c, 11. 1 and 6. pree should be preee, as infra 1. 37.
1. 9. auoi: Me'on and Suchier correct to auoit. N.F. and Paris have
accidentally omitted nine words, fllle — este.
1. 17. dont: o altered from a.
1. 21. gent fauuagef : Suchier corrects to gens ; Paris to sauuage.
1. 27. b*ce : b has an unusually strong fore-cusp.
1. 32. Quant : either the overstroke or the n is superfluous.
1. 36. filla : all editors correct to fllle.
Col. 79d, 1. 7. i for .i.=un; cf. 73a. 3.
1. 8. marier : the final r is altered from f.
1. 13. paiie: all editors correct to paiien.
1. 28. OZ fe oate : In the facsimile, the last three letters have been most
unfortunately cut off.
1. 32. auff 7 . : an unusual abbreviation of Auoasaina.
Col. 80 a, 1. 10. dauoaflln : n altered from m.
1. 26. Mdon, followed by ail editors, supplies non (' name ') which has
evidently dropped out at the end of the line.
1. 27. ra : superscript from omission.
Digitized by
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75
Col. 80 b, 1. 4. bm or bin for bfi, the usual contraction of bien.
1. 6. def : altered from roi (reminiscence of 79 d. 7 and 13).
1. 12. f e : altered from je. Perhaps the scribe began to write the apodosis
je voub donroie prematurely ; or possibly fe and je were sounded alike.
See 73 b. 11, note, f is altered from o 72 b. 27, 77 b. 15, etc.
1. 13. v* for v^^vos.
1. 34. fe h 7 ga la : Me*on, 11 hergala : N. F., Paris, fe hergala. It is
possible that the scribe himself made a slight attempt to correct these words.
There is a mark over the e of fe, which means nothing unless it was
intended for r superscript, and the h, as it is, might pass for b ; i. e. fe^'ga
=s'erberga (Godefroy, s. v. herbergier, gives instance of s'erbergerent).
Cf. 73 a. 37 for a possible correction intended, and insufficiently carried out.
In 80 £. 33 (in the following article to Aucassin) occurs me h^begai.
Col. 80 c, 1. 28. The scribe had written some other word first, probably
ainc (the last letter is plainly c, not e as Suchier made it out) and made
his correction by altering the initial to capital O, and writing X close to
it, in the slight space always left after the initials of the verses, and drawing
his pen through the last three letters.
Col. 80 d, I. 9. Or : O has a stroke to show attachment to r«
It will be observed that the title of the next article
oi coumence 11 fauliaus dinfer
is close to the last line of Aucassin ; and in the same style and hand as the
title of Aucassin, yob. 8. *
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. LIST OF
AUCASSIN
SUBSCRIBERS
TO
ET NICOLETE.
Bain, James, Bookseller, i Haymarket, S.W.
Bain, James, Esq., The Public Library, Toronto.
Barack, Prof. Dr., Geheimer Regierungs-Rath, Director der
K. Universitats und Landes Bibliothek, Strassburg, Elsasse.
Bond, Edward, Esq., M.P., Elm Bank, Hampstead, N.W.
Buller, Cecil, Esq., Porchester Square, W.
Carver, T., Bookseller, Hereford.
Columbia College, New York, U.S.A.
Cornish Bros., Booksellers, Birmingham.
Darbishire, R. D., Esq., F.S.A., Manchester.
Deighton, Bell & Co., Booksellers, Cambridge. 2 copies.
Dobell, Bertram, Bookseller, 77 Charing Cross Road, W.C.
2 copies.
Dottin, Prof. George, 6 Rue de Belair, Rennes, France.
Downing, William, Esq., Springfield, Olton, Warwickshire.
Dresden Public Library.
Gerold & Co., Booksellers, Vienna.
Gollan^z, I., Esq., M.A., Christ's College, Cambridge.
Hachette & Co., Booksellers, 18 King William Street, Strand,
W.C. 2 copies.
Hamel, Prof. A. G. Van, The University, Groningen, Holland.
Harrassowitz, Otto, Bookseller, Leipzig.
Harvard University Library, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
Jeaffreson, Horace, Esq., M.D., The Red House, Wandsworth.
Johnston, G. P., Bookseller, Edinburgh.
Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd., Booksellers, Charing
Cross Road, W.C.
[P. T. O.
2
Klincksieck, C, Bookseller, n Rue de Lille, Paris. 2 copies.
Koniglichen Bibliothek, Berlin.
McKerrow, R. B., Esq., Trinity College, Cambridge.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Public Libraries (per Basil Anderton,
B.A., Librarian).
Nijhoff, Martinus, Bookseller, The Hague, Holland.
Nutt, David, Bookseller, 270 Strand, W.C.
Parker, J., & Co., Booksellers, Broad Street, Oxford.
Pendlebury, R., Esq., M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge.
Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd., Fetter Lane, E.C. 2 copies.
Sion College Library, Victoria Embankment, E.C. (W. H.
Milman, Esq , Librarian).
Skeat, Miss M. F., Salisbury Villas, Cambridge.
Thin, James, Bookseller, Edinburgh.
Twietmeyer, A., Bookseller, Leipzig.
University of Chicago, U.S.A.
Welter, H., Bookseller, 59 Rue Bonaparte, Paris. 3 copies.
Williams & Norgate, Booksellers, 14 Henrietta Street, W.C.
2 copies.
Worcester Free Public Library, Mass., U.S.A.
oria Embankment, E.C. (W. H.
Has, Cambridge,
urgh.
ipzig.
Bonaparte, Paris. 3 copies.
lers, 14 Henrietta Street, W.C
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