Claytonia : newsletter of the Arkansas Native Plant Society

Vol. 25 No. 1
Spring 2005

In this issue:

Montgomery County Flora
page 2

National Forest Plans
page 2

Browne’s Waterleaf
Page 3

Fire in Prairies, Savannas, &
Woodlands
page 4

ANPS Spring Meeting
page 9

Herbicides on County Roadsides
page 10

Fall Meeting Minutes
page 1 1

Internet Plant Images
Page 12

Tricky Wetland Trees
Page 13

Upcoming Events
page 1 5

White- Flowered Goldenrod ( Solidago ptarmicoides)
Rediscovered in Northwest Arkansas after 125

Years!

by Theo Witsell

Joe Woolbright, of Ozark
Ecological Restorations Inc.,
made a significant discovery late
last summer while he was
conducting restoration work at
Chesney Prairie Natural Area in
Benton County. While walking
through the drier, upper end of
the prairie, he noticed a number
of white-flowered composites
that he hadn’t seen before,
despite scores of trips to the site
over the past several years. After
some study, Joe correctly
identified the plants as Solidago
ptarmicoides , the white-flowered
goldenrod, a rare species not
documented from that part of the
state since 1879.

White-flowered goldenrod is rare in Arkansas and is tracked by the Arkansas Natural
Heritage Commission as an element of special concern. It is a species of native
grasslands (prairies and glades) and of open savannas and dry, rocky woodlands - all
habitats that have seriously declined throughout the region. Prior to Joe’s discovery, it
was known in Arkansas from just three collections, from scattered sites in the Ozark
Mountains. In September of 1879, it was collected by F. Leroy Harvey from “flint
hills” in Washington County — a site that was never relocated. The next known
Arkansas record is from Mary Alice Beer of Fairfield Bay, who collected it in Van
Buren County on 3 1 August, 1990. On a field trip during the Fall 2004 ANPS Meeting,
Mary Alice showed a small group of ANPS members a second, nearby population that
she found in a power line right-of-way in Cleburne County. She also showed us the
Van Buren County site but explained that she had not seen plants there in several years.
It was next collected on 1 August 1991 by Phil Hyatt from a sandstone glade on the
Sylamore Ranger District of the Ozark National Forest in Baxter County.

In his Atlas and Annotated List of the Vascular Plants of Arkansas (2 nd edition, 1988),
Dr. Ed Smith had an “R” listed for this species in Benton County, meaning that he had

knowledge of a reliable report that was not substantiated by a
specimen. There is, however, no record of where that site
was, when the plant was observed, or who reported it. It is
possible that it was observed by someone at the Rice Prairie
near Siloam Springs, where a number of botanical trips were
made by botanists prior to 1988. Unfortunately, this site was
destroyed forever when it was converted to a bean field in
2000. With the destruction of the Rice Prairie, there are only
three small remnants of native prairie left in Benton County:
Chesney and Stump Prairies northwest of Siloam Springs, and
Searles Prairie in Rogers. Stump and Searles Prairies should
be intensively checked for this species next year.

Solidago ptarmicoides looks a lot like a white-flowered
species of aster. In fact, it was long included in that genus, as
Aster ptarmicoides , until it was observed that it hybridized
readily with some species of goldenrod. It is a member of the
flat-topped section of goldenrods, which some authors put in
the segregate genus Oligoneuron (as Oligoneuron
ptarmicoides). In Arkansas, white-topped goldenrod differs
from our white-flowered species of aster by having both white
ray and disk flowers (as opposed to white ray flowers and
yellow disk flowers in the asters) and a flat-topped
inflorescence or flower arrangement. These differences can be
subtle and will probably require the collection of a voucher
specimen for confirmation.

Woolbright, who manages Chesney Prairie under contract
with the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, believes the
sudden appearance of the species at Chesney Prairie is likely a
direct result of the reintroduction of (prescribed) fire to the
area in recent years. He led a field trip to the site during the
2004 Arkansas Grass Identification Workshop and specimens
were collected to voucher the occurrence. These will be
deposited at the U of A Herbarium at Fayetteville and the
herbarium of the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission in
Little Rock. If you believe you have found a site for this
species, please contact the Arkansas Natural Heritage
Commission at 501.324.9615 or email
theo@arkansasheritage.org .

Montgomery County Floristic
Inventory Yields 1,111 Taxa of
Vascular Plants

Travis Marsico, who recently graduated with a Masters degree
in botany from the U of A Fayetteville, and is now pursuing a
PhD in Plant Ecology at Notre Dame University, has
documented 1,111 kinds of vascular plants from Montgomery
County, Arkansas. The Montgomery County Flora was
completed as part of Travis’s Masters Thesis. He also
completed an ecological study of the endemic Arkansas plant
Browne’s waterleaf {Hydrophyllum brownei) [see Plant of the
Issue- ed.\ Travis not only documented what species were

found in the county, but where they were found, what habitats
they were found in, how many and which are considered
native (975), how many and which are introduced (136) and
which of these are considered invasive, and which are tracked
as rare or vulnerable by state and federal agencies (58 total).

A detailed report on his findings is being sent to the botanical
journal Sida for publication. Congratulations to Travis on his
thesis and graduation!

Ouachita and Ozark-St. Francis
National Forest Plans Available for
Review and Comment

The official public comment periods for the Proposed Revised
Forest Plans and Draft Environmental Impact Statements for
both the Ouachita and Ozark-St. Francis National Forests are
open and the draft plans are available for review. These plans
will determine how the forests will be managed for the next 10
to 15 years and the Forest Service is soliciting public comment
until May 20, 2005. The documents can be downloaded from
the following websites: Ouachita National Forest = ittp://
www.fs.fed.us/r8/ouachita/ , Ozark-St. Francis National Forest
= http://www.fs.fed.us/oonf/ozark/ .

Gates Rogers Foundation
Announces Project

The Gates Rogers Foundation, a 501c-3 non profit
organization established in 2001, announces its initial project:
the “South Fork Native Plants Preserve” located on Greer’s
Ferry Lake. The Foundation, established by an endowment
from Mr. Victor C. Gates of Choctaw, Arkansas, intends to
establish a Native Plants Preserve on the land donated to the
Foundation by Mr. Gates. The land, encompassing an entire
peninsula on the lake, is located on the South Fork of the Little
Red River near point 14A on the lake map. The Foundation
has hired Arkansas Native Plant Society members Brent Baker
and Theo Witsell to provide a Comprehensive Floristic
Inventory and Habitat Assessment of the project land. The
Gates Rogers Foundation is committed to protecting and
preserving Arkansas native flora and fauna in a manner that
ensures and encourages public access, esthetic appreciation,
and an understanding of the importance of biodiversity
preservation. The Foundation is dedicated to the
development, application and dissemination of ecologically
sound land management practices that further this mission.

For more information visit their website at
www. gatesrogersfoundation.com .

2

PLANT OF THE ISSUE: BROWNE S WATERLEAF

Browne ’s waterleaf ( Hydrophyllum brownei) . Photo by
John Pelton.

portions were collected) and all were identified as the
superficially similar species Hydrophyllum
macrophyllum. The most obvious difference between H.
brownei and H. macrophyllum is the presence of obvious
“sweet-potato-like” tuberous thickenings on the roots of
H. brownei (there are also less obvious, but equally
diagnostic differences in flower and hair structure
between the species). These tubers are absent from all
other species of Hydrophyllum.

With the addition of H. brownei to the state’s flora and
the subsequent exclusion of H. macrophyllum (which
grows only east of the Mississppi River), we now have
three species of this genus in Arkansas. Hydrophyllum
appendiculatum and H virginianum both occur in the
Ozarks, but are not known from the Ouachitas (or any
other part of the state).

Discoveries of new plant species don’t happen everyday,
especially not in temperate parts of the world, or in areas
as well-explored as Arkansas. That doesn’t mean, of
course, that we don’t still have species to discover here,
just that it is really exciting when they are found! The
plant of this issue is one that was described fairly
recently from the Ouachita Mountains. Browne’s
waterleaf ( Hydrophyllum brownei Krai & Bates) was
described new-to-science in 1991 by Dr. Robert Krai of
Vanderbilt University and Vernon Bates, who was
exploring and collecting plants in the Ouachita National
Forest of western Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma.
Browne’s waterleaf is known only from seven Arkansas
counties, all in the Ouachita Mountains, and is the only
species of Hydrophyllum known from that region.

The species is globally rare, carrying a global rank of G2
(typically meaning there are just 7-20 known viable
occurrences in the world, or having some other factor
that contributes to its being vulnerable). It grows on
shady, rich, wooded stream terraces and can be found in
bloom from early April to early May. Though there are
specimens of the plant (now known as Browne’s
waterleaf) dating back to 1837 (collected by Dr. George
Engelmann along the Saline River), it wasn’t until Bates
collected a proper specimen (with roots included) that it
was understood that the material from the Ouachitas
represented a new species. The 1837 specimen, and all
others collected from the Ouachitas prior to Bates’
specimens, were “top-snatched” (only the above ground

There are now a total of 27 known sites for Browne’s
waterleaf in Garland, Howard, Montgomery, Pike, Polk,
Saline, Sevier, and Yell Counties. A number of these
are in the Ouachita National Forest, but two of the
easiest places to see it are at the Cossatot River State
Park Natural Area (along the river below the visitor’s
center) and at Big Fork Creek Natural Area in Polk
County.

Ouachita Mountains of
Arkansas. Novonl:60-
66 .

3

Prairies Part 3: The Role of Fire in Prairies, Savannas, and Woodlands

by Theo Witsell

As mentioned in previous issues of
Claytonia , there are three main ecological
processes that work to maintain prairie
and woodland ecosystems. These are
drought, fire, and native grazing. This
article will focus on fire - its role
historically, how it works to shape plant
communities, and how it is used in the
restoration of prairies, savannas, and
woodlands.

In Arkansas, as in other states on the
eastern edge of the tallgrass prairie biome,
fire is the major ecological process
responsible for the maintenance of most
of our native grasslands and associated
woodlands. These ecosystems were made
by and for fire. The plants are dormant in
the late fall and winter and the above
ground vegetation is flammable for a
large part of the year. Many of the
herbaceous plants native to this ecosystem
have most of their biomass below ground
and can withstand repeated fires. In
presettlement times, when the fall storms
would arrive and lightning would strike
on a large expanse of dry grassland, it
could burn for miles until it came to a
natural firebreak or rainstorm.

Woodlands along streams and at the
edges of grasslands would burn as well,
becoming more open in times of frequent
fire and more dense in periods without
much fire. Native Americans, and in
some cases European immigrants, would
also bum the prairies and woodlands to
make travel easier, to improve wildlife
habitat, and to encourage the fresh shoots
of the grasses which were favored by
bison, and later, by cattle.

In the context of this discussion, as we
will talk about the continuum of habitats
from prairie to forest, we will need to
define four very specific terms: prairie,
savanna, woodland, and forest. These
relate to the density of trees on a
landscape and, while they are sometimes
defined by a specific number of trees per
acre, or a certain basal (trunk) area or
canopy area per acre, we will define them

B. Savanna: Grassland with scattered trees. Trees may be oaks or pines, well-spaced
or in clusters. May have extensive areas of shaibs and tree resprouts.

C. Woodland: An open forest with a vigorous turf of grasses and flowers throughout
the growing seasons. Depends on frequent fire. Many trees have spreading lower
limbs. Bright enough for oak or pine regeneration (i.e. less than 80% canopy cover).

D. Forest: Closed canopy — may be of fire tolerant species (oak & pine) or fire intoler-
ant species (maple, beech, etc.) on infrequently burned sites. Shade tolerant species of
understory trees and shrubs are present. Herbs are mostly spring ephemerals (dormant
in summer) or are scattered and thin.

Figure 1. The prairie-forest continuum. Modified from The Tallgrass Restoration
Handbook (Island Press).

4

more loosely here. For this article, we will consider the
following: prairie (few or no trees - dominated by prairie
grasses and forbs), savanna (very few scattered trees, with an
herbaceous layer dominated by prairie species), woodland
(more trees than a savanna, but less than a forest, with a mix of
prairie and forest herbaceous species), and forest (dense, closed
canopy with a shade-tolerant understory) [see figure 1], When
we use the term “prairie species” we mean those native plant
species characteristically found in prairies and glades that need
full sunlight, and are fire tolerant or dependent. *

How Does Fire Work?

The most obvious function of fire in prairie and woodland
ecosystems is that fire suppresses woody plants (shrubs and
trees) and favors herbaceous species of forbs and grasses.
Savannas and open oak woodlands survive because of fire,
without which brush and shade-tolerant trees would invade. Fire
suppresses woody plants in two ways. First, it stimulates the
prairie plants to form a vigorous sod, which prevents the
establishment of woody plant seedlings. Second, fire kills the
above ground portions of smaller woody plants, weakening
brush (but rarely eliminating it entirely). Deciduous woody
plants will resprout from the base but conifers like pines and
eastern redcedar (a major invader of prairies and woodlands in
Arkansas) will be killed completely provided all the needles are
brown following the fire. Even a small percentage of green
needles can carry these species through, however. Needless to
say, the goal when burning a woodland or savanna is not to kill
the largest trees. Whether this is a pine system or an oak
system, the dominant (largest) trees are, by their nature, fire
tolerant. They have bark thick enough to withstand fires that
would kill the fire-intolerant species that have invaded the site
since fire suppression, or even smaller specimens of their own
species.

Another obvious result following fire is that more plants flower,
produce seed, grow taller, and are more robust than the previous
year. This is in part due to the removal of leaf litter and thatch
but is also likely the result of increases in the available nutrients
in the soil. Fire does this through indirect stimulation of soil
microbial activity and by releasing small amounts of nutrients
from the ash. Following a fire, careful observers might also
notice a decrease in cool-season invasive Eurasian weeds (exotic
species which originated in the cool meadows of Europe). This
is the result of a not-so-obvious effect - fire lengthens the
growing season for most native prairie plants and shortens it for
many exotic Eurasian weeds. Fire lengthens the growing season
for native prairie species (which do best in warm soil) by
removing the leaf litter and thatch and exposing a darkened soil
surface to the warming rays of the sun. In the absence of fire,
the light-colored leaf litter reflects the sun and acts like a
blanket, insulating the ground, slowing the soil-warming process
and smothering new seedlings. This fire effect may increase the
growing season by as much as four weeks. On this same note,
fire shortens the growing season for many cool-season weeds
(which go dormant during the heat of the summer) by warming
the soil and causing the roots of these species to stop growing.
Also, fall bums done after the native species have gone dormant
can burn off several inches of growth on the cool-season plants,
weakening them further.

Restoring Prairies, Savannas, & Woodlands With
Fire

The results following a burn can be dramatic! Species that were
there before in very low numbers can suddenly become
common. It is not at all uncommon for species that were not
there before to suddenly appear, sometimes in great numbers.
These were present in the seedbank, or perhaps were barely
hanging on - a single small leaf getting just enough light to keep
the plant alive, but nowhere near enough to flower. Under the
right conditions, this sort of response can be seen following a
single burn, though these sorts of results may take several burns
to achieve.

Once fire is reintroduced to a forest or woodland, it will allow
more light to penetrate, which is good for most plants. This, in
turn, will stimulate herbaceous plant growth, which increases the
fuel for the next fire. The next fire might then be more intense,
which will allow even more light to penetrate, stimulating even
more herbaceous plant growth, and so on. If, however, fire is
excluded for a long enough period (just a few years in some
cases), the woody plants will again become dense, the
herbaceous plants will die out, and low-intensity fuels (like leaf
litter) will dominate. It should also be noted that when a forest
reaches a certain density, fire alone will not be effective in
restoring it to woodland or savanna conditions. For example,
ground layer fuels in an Ozark glade that has been completely
overgrown with cedars for a number of decades will not support
a fire hot enough to kill the cedars and begin the cycle of
reopening the glade. In cases like this, a certain percentage of
the cedars (or other trees) will have to be mechanically removed
to allow the herbaceous fuels to build up to a level where fire
will work its magic.

Benefits to Wildlife

The benefit of fire restoration to the wildlife native to these
ecosystems can also be dramatic. There is more herbaceous
cover in a burned system, which is good for many animal
species. There are more flowering plants, so butterflies and
other nectar feeding insects have more food. Quail and other
grassland bird species (many of which are in decline) need this
open habitat structure. Specialist insects (including many
butterflies and moths) that need specific prairie plants benefit
from increased populations of their host plants. There are
legitimate concerns that burning an entire isolated prairie or
savanna remnant will do hann to insect and other animal
populations. This can be avoided by leaving sizable portions of
the area out of the burn unit in order to leave a refuge for these
animals. These will then recolonize the burned areas the
following year and reap the benefits of increased flowering, seed
set, and plant vigor. Timing of a bum can also be important to
wildlife.

Where Was Fire Historically?

Today’s landscape is so different from that of the past that it is
hard for us, today, to understand the magnitude of fire’s role in
shaping plant communities in Arkansas historically (and
prehistorically). Early explorer and settler accounts can provide

5

us with a glimpse into this past character in many areas.

Many of these accounts described large areas of the Ozark and
Ouachita Mountains as being treeless on the ridges with open
oak or pine woodlands and savanna on the slopes, and forests
only in the valleys (and in fire-protected areas in canyons and
on some north- and east- facing slopes). In the absence of fire,
following the fragmentation brought on by settlement, this
open landscape became encroached by the steady march of
woody species, and prairie openings, savannas, and
woodlands transitioned to shrublands and forests.

Nowhere in our region, perhaps, is this loss of open habitat
more evident than in the rocky glades and hilltop prairies of
the Ozark Plateau. When Henry Rowe Schoolcraft traveled
through the White River Hills (in what is now northern

Arkansas and southern Missouri) on December 29, 1818, he
described the character of the land in the following passage:

“The country passed over yesterday, after leaving the valley
of the White River, presented a character of unvaried sterility,
consisting of a succession of limestone ridges, skirted with a
feeble growth of oaks, with no depth of soil, often bare rocks
upon the surface, and covered with coarse wild grass; and
sometimes we crossed patches of considerable extent, without
trees or brush of any kind, and resembling the Illinois prairies
in appearance, but lacking their fertility and extent.
Frequently these prairies occupied the tops of conical hills, or
extended ridges, while the intervening valleys were covered
with oaks... ”

Figure 2. Savanna succession without fire. These drawings show one fate of a hypothetical “preserved” savanna
that receives no burning or other restoration. Modified from The Tallgrass Restoration Handbook (Island Press).

B: 1910. Pasture. This site had been a pasture now for
half a century. Despite the absence of fire, the overall sa-
vanna structure and much of the species persisted because
grazing kept brush down, although many savanna herbs,
butterflies, etc., survived only on an adjacent railroad
right-of-way, which remained ungrazed and burned regu-
larly from sparks from passing trains.

D: 2010. “Preserve”. The understory herbs have been
almost entirely shaded out, and most original plant and
animal species are gone. Unlike an orginal forest, this new
forest has little biological diversity. Most of the original
(and now rare) species of this site have been lost —
replaced by relatively common, aggressive species.

A: In 1800 the savanna looked as it may have looked 5000
years ago. In that period, it would have most likely spent
some time as both prairie and forest.

C: 1980. “Preserve”. The site was acquired in 1960 by
a conservation agency, but at that time there was little
appreciation of the savanna’s need for fire. At first the
native fauna and flora began to recover from 120 years
of grazing, but at the same time brush began to invade.

6

Schoolcraft’s rocky barrens and prairies, of course, were not
really characterized by “unvaried sterility” in the botanical
sense. They were dense with a tremendous diversity of native
grasses and forbs. Today, however, one is hard-pressed to find
more than a trace of this sort of landscape in this area. There
are a few small open areas, mostly in areas that are used as
hayfields or kept open by periodic mowing in powerline or
gasline rights-of-way. The majority of these areas, in the
absence of fire, are now dense and often impenetrable
monocultures of the native, but aggressive, eastern redcedar
(Juniper us virginiana).

Another striking passage in Schoolcraft’s journal is his
description, written on December 9, 1818, of Sugarloaf Prairie
and Sugarloaf Knob, just north of present day Lead Hill,
Arkansas:

“...arrived at an early hour in the afternoon at the house of a
Mr. Coker, at what is called Sugarloaf Prairie. This takes its
name for a bald hill covered with grass rising on the verge of

the river alluvion on the west side of the [White] river, and is
discernible at the distance of many miles. ”

Today Sugarloaf Knob (located 1.5 miles NE of Lead Hill in
Boone County, Arkansas) is wooded to the top, mostly with
cedars, but with several species of hardwoods as well. Last
spring I explored some parts of it with Linda Ellis, John
Logan, Tim Smith, and Paul McKenzie (all experienced plant
hunters from Missouri). We found vestiges of Schoolcraft’s
Sugarloaf Knob tucked away in a few roadsides, powerline
cuts, and in the few open areas left on the knob. In these little
nooks we found native grasses and plants of the showy beard-
tongue (Penstemon cobaea ), fringed puccoon ( Lithospermum
incisum ), Trelease’s larkspur (Delphinium treleasei), smoke
tree (Cotinus obovatus ), Nuttall’s dwarf morning glory
(Evolvulus nuttallianus ), and Crawe’s sedge (Car ex crawei),
among many other now uncommon glade and grassland
species. Still, most of the knob was thick with woody plants -
nothing beneath them but a few shade-tolerant species and
thick layers of leaves and cedar duff.

A: 1981. Restoration begins. The site was burned in the C: 1990. Restoration “completed”. Aside from regular

fall of 1980, and the girdling of invasive tree species was prescribed burning, this site may now need little addi-

begun in May 1981. tional work.

B: 1983. Intensive restoration. Lor the first few years,
aggressive weeds and brush were carefully controlled.
Seeds gathered from nearby threatened remnants were
broadcast throughout the site.

D: 2010. Nature proceeds. In centuries to come, such
sites may be the only places at which hundreds of sa-
vanna species survive. The restored savanna is different
from the 1 800 savanna, but it is a natural descendent from
it and contains most of its original species.

Figure 3. An alternative, restoration-based outcome for the savanna remnant in figure 2, beginning with its condition
as shown in 1980. Modified from The Tallgrass Restoration Handbook (Island Press).

7

Many other examples of our loss of open grassland habitats to
fire suppression can be found in interpretation of the original
General Land Office (GLO) survey notes** for the state. By
and large, these tell us that much of the forest in Arkansas is
considerably more dense today than it was historically.
Similarly, remnant glades and prairies are smaller in many
areas today than they used to be. We know that in prairie
regions, wooded areas along streams are larger and more
dense than they were historically. For example, we can look
at the 22 acre Konecny Grove Natural Area in the Grand
Prairie area of Prairie County. Today, Konecny Grove is a
wet sugarberry/elm/ash/hawthorn woodland/forest with a
nearly closed canopy. A number of plants that occur in the
understory of this woodland (particularly around the edges
where sunlight can penetrate) provide hints that it was once
much more open than it is today.

One of the few remaining intact savannas in Arkansas
(with a small saline soil barrens in the foreground) is on
this site at Fort Chaffee Military Reservation. It has only
persisted due to the frequent fires ignited on a nearby
bombing range. Photo by Theo Witsell/ANHC.

Fortunately, the western boundary of Konecny Grove lies on a
section line so we can get a glimpse into the past character of
the area using the survey notes. Indeed, the notes, recorded on
December 3, 1815, give the character of the present-day Grove
as “level second rate prairie”. In fact, the surveyor made a
specific note indicating that he didn’t encounter any trees until
1/16 mile south of the southern boundary of the present day
Natural Area where he “entered woods”. This provides
evidence for ecologists’ suspicions that, under a more natural
fire regime, the riparian woodlands in the prairie were
dynamic shrublands which would increase in times of fewer or
less intense fires, and recede or give way to prairie in times of
more frequent or intense fires. This guides modern day
management, using fire and perhaps mechanical thinning of
the woods to try and restore the pre- settlement vegetation
structure to an area (as the Natural Heritage Commission is
doing at Konecny Grove).

So where does that leave us today? How do we know if an
area would benefit from the reintroduction of fire? Almost

any area that has naturally occurring prairie plants will benefit
from a burn. Clues to fire-suppressed woodlands are many
and are easy to interpret with a little practice. They include
the presence of prairie species in sunny spots like roadsides
and powerline rights-of-way. Sites with swaths of pale purple
coneflower, little bluestem, big bluestem, Indian grass,
butterfly milkweed, etc. are likely former woodlands. These
species didn’t just arrive on the roadsides and utility lines,
those are the only spots left where there is enough sunlight for
them to express themselves and bloom. Another good clue is
the presence of old, open-grown oak trees (especially post
oaks, but other species too). These are easily spotted by their
large diameter, often twisted trunks and spreading limbs
(which indicate that they grew in an open situation). They
often have the tops broken out of them and are surrounded by
younger, densely spaced trees with straight trunks and
compact branches. Also look for grassy openings in
conjunction with these large oaks.

One excellent and easily seen example is visible from 1-40
between Little Rock and Conway. . . Traveling north from
Little Rock, just before you leave Pulaski County, you will
drive across a broad, flat abandoned floodplain that is now an
agricultural field (this is a well-known speed trap by some of
us!). At the northern end of this floodplain is a large east- west
trending ridge on the right hand (east) side of the highway.
Several prairie openings are still visible on this hillside, dotted
with scrubby oaks in the typical savanna style. These
openings get smaller and smaller with the passage of time -
the ridge is now covered in small oak saplings and a number
of cedars. Just over the ridge, however, is the Bell Slough
Wildlife Management Area where the Arkansas Game and
Fish Commission has used prescribed fire to restore some of
these wonderful ridgetop savannas which can be accessed
from their interpretive trail. Check it out for yourself.

* For a complete list, check out “Appendix A: Vascular Plants of
Midwestern Tallgrass Prairies ” by Doug Ladd in the book The
Tall grass Restoration Handbook for Prairies, Savannas, and
Woodlands, edited by Stephen Packard and Cornelia F. Mutel and
published by Island Press and the Society for Ecological Restoration.
This book is THE one-stop source for practical information on the
ecology and management of these ecosystems. Excellent!

** Beginning on November 10, 1815, the entire Louisiana Purchase
was surveyed according to a grid made of 1 mile by 1 mile cells, or
sections. These sections were grouped into 6 mile by 6 mile (36
square mile) townships which were identified by their position
relative to the baseline and the principal meridian (e.g. Township 3N,
Range 16W, Section 18 is section number 18 in the township located
in the third position north of the baseline and in the 18 th position west
of the principal meridian). When the surveyors walked this grid, they
recorded several bits of information that are useful to modern day
ecologists. First, they recorded the position, type, and size of four
witness trees at each section and quarter section corner (provided
there were trees within a reasonable distance). This allows us today
to determine the forest type and a rough measure of forest density at
the time of the survey. They also recorded information on the
character of the land over the last m ile surveyed, which included the
timber quality and type (if any), the understory (shrub and
herbaceous layer), and quality of the soil. Since this grid is still in
use today, we know exactly where the surveyors were and when they
were there.

ARKANSAS NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY
SPRING 2005 MEETING

APRIL 15-1 7, 2005

South Arkansas University Tech
Charles 0. Ross Center
746 California Ave. SW
Camden, AR 71701

in the next 25 years. Be thinking ahead of time, as well as
bring questions you might have about any aspect of specific
plants, conservation, preservation, and the like.

If you need assistance in driving directions, lodging
information, or anything else, please contact me at any hour at
work or home.

A Welcome from Jason Anders

We Camden "natives" are looking forward to having the
Society meet here in April. We'll do our best to take your
mind off the IRS on tax day and refocus it on the natural
beauty of Arkansas and the work of the ANPS.

Our meetings Friday and Saturday nights will be in the
Charles O. Ross Center, a part of South Arkansas University
Tech, but an in-town location rather than their main campus
which is 1 5 miles to the east of town.

The Ross Center is very easy to find. If you don't have access
to Mapquest.com, then the easiest way to find it is to look at
an Arkansas Highway map and find the spot in Camden where
Highway 79 South turns from a four-lane divided highway
into a two-lane. That intersection (actually a pair of off-
ramps) brings you off the four-lane overpass and down to the
two-lane passing under it. At the end of the off ramp, go left
(North) on 79B, which is California Avenue. You will see the
Golden-Hart Ford dealership on your left and just after it, the
Ross Center, also on your left.

When you arrive, we'll have local maps, restrooms,
refreshments, directions to hotels and eateries, and lots of
native plant enthusiasm ready to greet you.

At press time, we are still finalizing our Saturday night
program, but let me pitch a word here for our roundtable on
Friday night. The Society is 25 years old this year, and we
would like to observe this milestone by looking back at the
work accomplished and the members who contributed so
much to our mission. If you have photographs or slides of
prior meetings and trips, please bring them to share. Many of
our charter members are still active, so we certainly hope to
see you here to help reflect and celebrate.

iasonanders@earthlink.net
Jason. anders@aeroi et. com

Work Phone: 870-574-3353
Home Phone: 870-836-0452.

Schedule of Events

Friday, April 15 th

4:00-7:00 p.m. Registration and Refreshments, Ross
Center

7:00 p.m. Presentation on the Flora and Ecology of
the Sand Barrens of the Poison Springs Area - site of the
Saturday morning field trips, by Theo Witsell
7:45 p.m.- until ANPS at 25: Retrospective and
Roundtable

9:00 p.m. Executive Board Meeting

(Comfort Inn Conference Room)

Saturday, April 16 th

8:00 a.m. Leave Ross Center for Field Trips
11:30 a.m. Lunch

1:00 p.m. Leave Ross Center for Carl Amason’s
5:00 p.m. Dinner

6:30 p.m. General Business Meeting, Ross Center

7:30 p.m. Program - Slide show by Rector Hopgood
documenting the prairie restoration on his property in
Morehouse Parish, LA

Sunday, April 17* 1

8:30 Members are invited to tour Thera Lou

Adams’ natives and gardens

We also want to spend some brainstorming time as a
purposeful team, looking forward to the direction we will take

9

LODGING INFO ON NEXT PAGE...

Lodging

We are proud to have two new motels in Camden, but from the
pricing, they seem to be pretty proud of them as well. If
economy is a priority, then a short 15 minute drive down
Highway 7 South to Smackover, Arkansas, will save
significantly and still be in a new motel.

The motels in town did give us a modest discount, and that
rate is noted below. (All rates shown are before tax.) Please
remember to mention ANPS to get the right rates quoted, and
book by April 1 st or the block of rooms held will be released.

Comfort Inn
#1 Ridgecrest Drive
Camden, AR 71701
870-836-9000

$75 per night; NEW; closest to the Ross Center; many
amenities, but NO PETS.

Holiday Inn Express
1450 Highway 278 West
Camden, AR 71701
870-836-8100

$71.55 per night; NEW; many amenities, only 1 mile from
Ross Center; pet friendly.

King's Inn

942 Adams Avenue South
Camden, AR 71701
870-836-2535

$45.60 per night; about $5 surcharge for double occupancy;
30 years old but not a dump; $15 surcharge for pets.

Super 8

4403 Smackover Highway (Hwy. 7 S)

Smackover, AR 71762

$56.95 per night; clean and new; save even more if booked on
the internet; pet friendly; 15 minutes south of Camden, but on
a 4-lane divided highway.

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County Road Crews Wiping Out
Native Plants by Switching to
Herbicides

A number of ANPS members are alarmed at the increasing
number of Arkansas counties that are switching from the
traditional mowing of county roadsides to the spraying of non-
specific herbicides to control roadside vegetation. These non-
specific herbicides kill all the plants in an area, not just woody
species, broad-leaved species, etc.

Saline County sprayed the majority of its county-maintained
roadsides last year and wiped out a number of significant
native plant areas, including one of only two sites in the
Ouachita Mountains where the Alabama lipfern ( Cheilanthes
alabamensis ) was known (the only other is in Hot Springs
National Park). Worse still, a number of streams in Saline
County were sprayed right over and dead alders, buttonbushes,
and other plants still stand as witness right in the channel! As
a consequence of this herbicide spraying, many roadsides are
beginning to erode, some severely. Since road ditches act as
de-facto streams, this channels this excess sediment (and
herbicide runoff) directly to the streams in an area.
Furthermore, last fall saw a noticeable increase in exotic
weeds in these road ditches, some of which can become
problematic. In many cases these weeds first appeared
following the spraying in areas that were previously
dominated by non-aggressive native species.

This spraying, done to save money on mowing costs, will
likely cost more in the long run when these erosion problems
have to be fixed. It is short-sighted, ugly as can be, is
lowering the quality of life for residents and visitors alike, and
is destroying some of our most accessible and visible displays
of native wildflowers. IF YOU KNOW OF OTHER
COUNTIES THAT ARE SWITCHING TO
HERBICIDES, PLEASE CONTACT THE CLAYTONIA!
The ANPS needs to document where this is happening so that
we can work to stop it, or at least work with the counties so
that they don’t spray important native plant areas.

Alabama lipfern ( Cheilanthes alabamensis). Gone forever
from Saline County?...

MAP TO THE ROSS CENTER

10

ARKANSAS NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY
FALL 2004 GENERAL MEETING MINUTES

Peace Lutheran Church
Greer’s Ferry, Arkansas
September 25, 2004
8:40 p.m.

President Burnetta Hinterthuer convened the General Meeting
and requested a motion to accept the minutes of the Spring
ANPS General Meeting as previously printed in the Claytonia.
Clint Sowards so moved, and Mary Ann King seconded. The
minutes were approved without dissent.

Treasurer Barbara Little-Schoenike presented the Treasurer’s
Report in print. Barbara presented the Treasurer’s Report in
print as review before the formal presentation to the general
membership. Current balance as of September 25 th was
$27,446.86, with an Operating Fund balance of $7,902.35, and
Scholarship and Awards funds totaling $ 1 9,544. 5 1 . The total
balance of funds was up just slightly over $1,000 since the
Spring Meeting, but that was with no scholarships awarded
since the March 2004 report. Barbara reported that
approximately $825 had been raised in the auction on Friday
night and that another $500 had come into the Society from
the Fall Meeting registrations and tee shirt sales. These
figures were incidental, occurring after the Treasurer’s Report
had been prepared and submitted. Rob Robinson moved to
accept the report as submitted, with Lana Ewing seconding.
Motion carried unanimously.

Theo Witsell noted that the ANPS website’s information had
fallen out of date but that he had volunteered to attempt to
update the webpage for the Society.

COMMITTEE REPORTS:

Jason Anders, representing the Nominating Committee,
presented the following slate of nominees for office:

Theo Witsell, Editor
Barbara Little Schoenike, Treasurer
Jude Jardine, Secretary
Brent Baker, Vice President

Theo, Barbara, and Brent were submitted in the normal officer
election rotation, and Jude was to fill the Secretary’s post for
one year to complete the vacancy created by Judy Logan's
resignation. Jason reported that Burnetta was promoted to
President recently following Linda Gatti Clark’s resignation,
and that the Executive Board had requested Mary Ann remain
one more year assisting the Board as Past President. The
nominating motion came from committee and therefore
carried their own second. There were no nominations from
the floor and the slate passed unanimously by acclamation.

Jason invited the membership to attend the Spring General
Meeting to be held in Camden on April 15-16, 2005. He also
announced the Fall Meeting would be held in Ft. Smith.

The Scholarship and Awards Committee, represented by Eric
Sundell, announced there were no scholarships being awarded
at this time, but Theo Witsell was being granted the Carl
Amason Conservation Award in recognition of his tireless
work in promoting the goals of the Society. Eric added that
Carl Amason, who was unable to be present in person, had
been consulted previously and enthusiastically endorsed the
granting of the award to Theo. The award was granted with a
$500.00 stipend and Theo thanked the membership for the
honor.

NEW BUSINESS:

Eric Sundell reported that Sarah Nunn, Curator of the U of A
Herbarium had expressed gratitude for the efforts of ANPS
members writing and calling the University in the recent
successful campaign to preserve the Herbarium. President
Hinterthuer added her thanks for members’ efforts and
introduced a motion from the Executive Board to again
contribute $5,000 to the Arkansas Flora Project, explaining
that it would again be eligible for matching funds, doubling its
benefit to the Project. The grant would be made from the
Operating Fund. Broad support for the motion carried it
unanimously.

Announcements followed. Jason Anders requested members
contact him for any requests or suggestions for field trips in
the Spring or Fall.

Dan Marsh explained that a new river walk in Ft. Smith would
be a likely site to visit during the Ft. Smith General Meeting in
the Fall.

Eric Sundell announced the Audubon Society would host a
Tree Identification workshop would be held October 1-3 at
Femdale in West Little Rock. The classes would meet from
Friday noon to Sunday noon and would cost $160 per person,
including room and meals.

Plans for Sunday field trips were finalized and a motion was
made to adjourn, followed by numerous seconds and the
meeting adjourned.

Respectfully submitted,

Jason K. Anders
Acting Secretary

11

Plant Images on the Internet
Compiled by Phillip Moore

The following websites are good places to find an image of a
plant that you would like to see. Say you’ve keyed out an
unknown plant but you want to see a picture of it, or you think
a plant in hand sounds like it might be a certain species. . .
check the following links to see how you did. Some of these
are line drawings, others are photos of living plants, still
others are scanned images of preserved specimens.

New York Botanical Garden Images
http://www.nvbg.org/bsci/herbarium imaging/
imaginglinks.html

Fairchild Virtual Herbarium, Miami Florida - scans of their
specimens http://www.virtualherbarium.org/vh/db/main.htm

published volumes of Flora of North America and images,
except vol. 25 on efloras.org
http://www.efloras.org/flora page .aspx? flora id=l

Tennessee Herbarium - can use without permission "for
educational purposes only"
http://tenn.bio.utk.edu/vascular/vascular.html

North Carolina's image gallery
http://www.hawriverprogram.org/NCPlants/

Alphabetical page.html

University of Texas image gallery
http://www.sbs.utexas.edu/mbierner/bio4Q6d/

PlantPics archive.htm

Missouri Flora- great images but you can't down load them
http : //www. mis souriplants . com/ index, html

Tropicos images (Missouri Botanical Garden)

http : //mobot . mobot . or g/W 3 T/ S earch/ image/ imagefr . html

Noble Foundation plant images - http://www.noble.org/
imagegallerv/

Southwest Missouri herbarium's site
http : //biolo gy . smsu . edu/Herbarium

also has many links like Paul Redfearn's images of the ozark
flora http ://biology. smsu. edu/Herbarium/Plants%20of%
20the%20Interior%20Highlands/
photographs_of_flowering_plants . htm

Michael Moore's herbalogy -

http://www.swsbm.com/HOMEPAGE/HomePage.html

TAMU's image gallery

http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/imaxxaca.htm
seed images at Ohio State

http : //www. oardc . ohio- state . edu/seedid/all . asp? sort=familv

if you're looking for images of trees or wildflowers, the list of
sites gets very large many sites are listed at usda's links to
plant image sites http://plants.usda.gov/cgi bin/
link categories.cgi?category=linkphotos

And lots of images at the USD A Plants Database
http://plants.usda.gov

New AN PS Members

The following people have joined the Arkansas Native
Plant Society since the last issue of Claytonia:

Maury & Barbara Baker (Hot Springs, AR)

Suzanne & Ted Barnes (Camden, AR)

Wanza Barrett (Bartlett, TN)

Jennie Cole (Little Rock, AR)

B. J. & Gene Cutrell (Edgemont, AR)

Linda Davis (Conway, AR)

Loretta Dawson (Batesville, AR)

Jane & Frits Druff (Drasco, AR)

Brenda Embry (Huntsville, AR)

Sherrie Eoff (Garfield, AR)

Lisa Garvin (Hot Springs, AR)

Ina Gene Gill (Ash Flat, AR)

Garolyn Goettsh (Edgemont, AR)

Jerry & Valerie Goodman (Fairfield Bay, AR)

Carl & Marianne Guhman (Fort Smith, AR)

Mel Harness (Harrison, AR)

Norma James (Little Rock, AR)

Margaret Johnson (Memphis, TN)

Sandra Key (Jonesboro, AR)

Jeff & Marybeth Lohr (Fayetteville, AR)

Paul McKenzie (Columbia, MO)

Sid & Mickey Roberts (Shirley, AR)

Betty Murphy (Hot Springs, AR)

Tom Neale & Eileen Oldag (Little Rock, AR)

Mrs. Hugh B. Patterson (Little Rock, AR)

Don Richardson (Clinton, AR)

Jean Sexton (Hot Springs, AR)

David O. Shepherd (Fayetteville, AR)

Ann Stanley (Little Rock, AR)

Linda Warner (Waldo, AR)

Hope Wistrand (Bigelow, AR)

Aurora Zisner & Yarri Davis (Fayetteville, AR)

We welcome these new members to the ANPS!

12

Classifieds

Some Tricky Wetland Trees &
Their Upland Counterparts

Pinnacle Mountain State Park is looking for someone to fill
the Arboretum Coordinator position at the Arkansas Arboretum.
Duties include planning, managing, developing and maintaining
the arboretum, which is located at Pinnacle Mountain State Park
west of Little Rock. Knowledge of Arkansas’ native tree and
plant species, ecology, landscaping, plant propagation and
management of plants in both the greenhouse and nursery
settings is required. Other duties may include groundskeeping,
trail maintenance and construction, and grant writing. The
position is part time (1800 hours per year) and pays a salary of
$7.15 per hour. For an application and a more detailed job
description call 501 .340.3993 or visit www.arkansas.com . Or
call Pinnacle Mountain State Park at 501 .868.5086.

Invasives Species Field Guide Needs Help from ANPS
Members — Jude Jardine is still working on updates to the
Invasive Species Field Guide. She needs good photos of a
number of common exotic invasive plant species. For a list of
images needed, please contact Jude at ikiardine@netscape.com
or call 501.676.5535.

I am working on a comprehensive floristic inventory of Scott
and Yell Counties for my Masters thesis at the University of
Central Arkansas at Conway. I am looking for sites within these
two counties from which to collect plant specimens. If you own
land in Scott or Yell Counties (or know someone who does), I
would greatly appreciate the opportunity to collect on it. Thank
you. Brent Baker / email: btb2001@hotmail.com / or write to:
1621 N 2nd / Dardanelle, AR 72834-2843 / Ph: 479.970.9143.

Carl Amason Conservation
Award Given

At the Fall 2004 ANPS General Meeting, the Carl Amason
Conservation Award was presented to Theo Witsell. The award
included a $500 stipend which will be used to fund his Masters
thesis work on the Flora of Saline County. Theo wishes to take
this opportunity to express his sincere appreciation for the honor
and to thank the members of the Arkansas Native Plant Society,
not only for the recognition, but for sharing their wealth of
knowledge over the past decade.

By Phillip Moore

Wetland scientists have assigned ranks to plant species that
indicate how water tolerant each species is. These ranks are
called the “wetland indicator status” of the species. The
indicator status of each of the dominant species in a study plot
allows the determination of hydrophytic vegetation, an important
criterion for delineating wetlands. In 1988, the US Fish &
Wildlife Service and the US Department of the Interior
published these indicators in the National List of Plant Species
that Occur in Wetlands.

Obligate (OBL) species are those that reportedly occur in
wetlands more than 99% of the time. Facultative Wetland
(FACW) species occur in wetlands more than 67% of the time
(but not 99%). Facultative (FAC) species occur in wetlands
between 33% and 66% of the time. Facultative Upland (FACU)
species occur in wetlands less than 33% of the time. Upland
(UP) species occur in wetlands less than 1% of the time.
Vegetation is hydrophytic when more than 50% of the dominants
species are OBL, FACW, or FAC.

There are four trees in Arkansas that are now recognized at the
species level that were listed as subspecies or varieties in
the 198 8 National List. Using the incorrect indicator status for
these species pairs could significantly alter a wetland
determination.

To separate these wetland species out from their upland sisters,
location helps a lot, both geographically and ecologically.

Southern red oak and cherrybark oak

Cherrybark oak ( Quercus pagoda) and southern red oak ( Q .
falcata ) both have leaves that are fuzzy underneath with the

13

same kind of hairs, so they're closely related, but most trees are
clearly one or the other species (with rare difficult in-between
specimens). Most southern red oak leaves have a rounded
base, often have only three lobes, and the middle lobe is often
long and narrow. Cherrybark oak leaves are quite variable but
usually have a wedge-shaped base and several lobes. Don’t go
by one or two leaves; look around on the tree for the more
distinctive shape of many southern red oak leaves. If you can't
find any of the typical 3-lobed, rounded base leaves of southern
red oak then you can bet it's a cherrybark oak. Also, the
younger bark of a cherrybark oak has horizontal streaking more
or less resembling the bark of a cherry tree.

FACU

Post oak and delta post oak or swamp post oak

Don't make the mistake of calling a post oak ( Quercus stellata )
a Delta post oak ( Q . similis ) simply because it's in a wetland.
I've seen post oaks growing in wetlands often enough, but there
are a great many more growing in uplands (way more than 67%
of them). If it looks like a post oak it is a post oak. Delta post
oak has lighter colored, more shaggy appearing bark, and you
have to look at several leaves to find any that look like the
cross-shaped post oak leaves, while almost all of the leaves of
post oak will be cross-shaped. Also, Delta post oak is found
only in the south part of Arkansas and very rarely toward the
middle part of Arkansas.

For a complete version of the 1988
National List of Plant Species that Occur
in Wetlands , visit the following website:

http ://www.charttiff.com /W etlandMaps/
WetlandPlants/plantlists.html

For more info on Arkansas Wetlands,
visit the Arkansas Multi-Agency
Wetlands Planning Team website at :

http ://www.m awpt.or g/default.asp

Red maple and Drummond’s red maple or swamp red
maple

Drummond's red maple (Acer drummondii ) grows in swamps
in the lowlands. If it's not growing in a swamp in the lowlands,
it's red maple (Acer rubrum). The leaves of both are white
below but that of red maple is a powdery white and that of
Drummond's is tiny hairs.

Nyssa biflora

Nyssa sylvatica

Black gum and swamp black gum or swamp tupelo

Swamp tupelo is found in bays or seeps in southern Arkansas.
If you're not in a bay, seep, depression, or swamp in southern
Arkansas, it's black gum. Swamp tupelo has (1) 2 fruits per
cluster and black gum has 2-4 (6) fruits per cluster. Note that
both of these species are different from water tupelo (Nyssa
aquatica ) which grows in the wettest areas of swamps and
sloughs, often with baldcypress.

Phillip Moore is the botanist with the Arkansas Department
of Highways and Transportation. Contact him at
Pit illip.Moore@arkansash ighways. com.

14

Upcoming Events

NOTICE: Many people join the Society to learn from other
members and get the chance to explore unfamiliar areas of the
state with a local guide. We need more people who are
willing to lead field trips to areas they know. It isn’t
necessary to know every species on the route. We all bring
our own knowledge and learn something every time we go out
- even the trip leaders! Please contact the Claytonia if you
would be willing to lead a trip. We know you have a special
spot that is worth sharing. . .

The following hikes are mostly moderately strenuous; mostly
level ground with slight slopes but some climbing is involved.
Wear good hiking boots or shoes. We take our time on the
hikes, as you know, as we spend a lot of time with our eyes to
the ground. Bring plenty of water, insect repellent if you use
it, and a brown bag lunch. The hikes range from 2-4 hours
in length unless otherwise stated. We hope to see you there!

April 23: Chesney Prairie Natural Area (near Siloam Springs
in Benton County) - botanical hike followed by dinner and
annual prairie mole cricket count. Contact: Joe Woolbright.
Meet at the Natural Area at 5:00 pm. For directions contact
Joe at 479.427.4277 or visit the ANHC website at

. Please let Joe know if you plan on

attending.

April 30: Morning Star Mine (at Rush, Buffalo National
River, Marion County) - hike. Meet at trailhead at 10:00 am.
Contact: Burnetta Hinterthuer. For directions call Burnetta at

479.582.0317 or 479.430.0260.

May 7: Cave Mountain (Newton County) - hike. Meet at
10:00 am at parking area at upper Buffalo River, at base of
Cave Mountain, just past bridge on Hwy. 21 south of Boxley.
Contacts: Maria Morales & Miguela Borges.

June 18: All day field trip to explore the new Middle Fork
Shale Barrens Natural Area and the igneous glades and
barrens of the Bauxite area (Saline County). Join trip leaders
Theo Witsell and John Pelton as we explore the Middle Fork
Shale Barrens, the newest addition to the Arkansas Natural
Heritage Commission’s System of Natural Areas. We’ll also
get a detailed look at the highest quality nepheline syenite
glades and barrens in the world as we visit The Nature
Conservancy’s Dry Lost Creek and Dunahoo Preserves. This
trip will feature a number of globally rare species including
the small-headed pipewort ( Eriocaulon kornickianum), the
Ouachita bluestar (Amsonia hubrichtii ) and a species of
Sabatia that is currently being described new-to-science and is
known from just two sites in the world. This will be an all day
field trip, visiting one site in the morning, having lunch at an
area restaurant, and visiting the other site in the afternoon.

We will meet at a single location and carpool since parking is
limited at the sites. This trip may be restricted to a limited
number of participants, but may be offered a second time to
accommodate everyone who is interested. Contact Theo
Witsell for more info: 501.324.9615 or email
theo@arkansasheritage.org .

Arkansas Native Plant Society Membership Application

Please check the appropriate box below.

Membership Categories:

$10 Student

$15 Regular

$20 Supporting

$25 Family Membership

$30 Contributing

$150... Lifetime Membership (55 and over)

$300... Lifetime Membership (under 55)

New Member

Renewal

Address Change

NAME(S)

ADDRESS:

Street or Box

City

State Zip Code

Telephone - -

Email address

Please cut and send this form along with any dues to:

Eric Sundell, Membership ANPS
Division of Mathematics and Sciences
University of Arkansas at Monticello
Monticello, AR 71655

15

Please check your mailing label! If
your mailing label has an 04 or earlier
it is time to renew!

Life members will have an LF.

Please fill in the information form on the oppo-
site side of this page and send it with your re-
newals, applications for membership, changes of
name, address, email, or telephone numbers to
the address given on the form: [Not to the
editor]. Thank you.

PLEASE SEND SUBMISSIONS/SUGGESTIONS TO:
219 Beechwood St. / Little Rock, AR 72205
anpsclaytonia@yahoo.com

2004-2005 ANPS OFFICERS

Past President: Mary Ann King 479.293.4359

President: Burnetta Hinterthuer 479.582.0317

President Elect: Jason Anders 870-836-0452

Vice President: Brent Baker 479.970.9143

Editor: Theo Witsell 501.614.8465

anp sclay tonia@y ahoo . com

Historian: Carl Amason 870.748.2362

Secretary: Jude Jardine 501.676.5535

Treasurer: Barbara Little 870.935.6905

Membership: Eric Sundell 870.367.2652

Ark. Coalition: Carl Hunter 501.455.1538

Awards/Scholarhips: Eric Sundell

sundell@uamont. edu

The purpose of the Arkansas Native Plant Society is to promote the preservation, conservation,
and study of the wild plants and vegetation of Arkansas, the education of the public to the
value of the native flora and its habitat, and the publication of related information.

CLAYTONIA

Theo Witsell, Editor
219 Beechwood St.
Little Rock, AR 72205

anpsclaytonia@yahoo.com

Newsletter of the Arkansas Native Plant Society Spring 2005

Newsletter of the Arkansas Native Plant Society

Vol. 25 No. 2
Summer 2005

In this issue:

ANPS Earth Day Booth
page 2

Memorial Issue of Claytonia
page 2

Pelton’s Rose-Gentian
Page 3

An Orchid Trilogy
page 4

Endemic Plants of the

Interior Highlands
Page 6

ANPS Fall Meeting
Page 8

Arkansas Sedge Workshop
page 9

Spring Meeting Minutes
page 10

Cattails & Flags
Page 12

Upcoming Events
page 1 5

“Ozark Endemic” Missouri Bladderpod Discovered
in the Ouachita Mountains

This spring Sarah Nunn of the University
of Arkansas Herbarium made a most
remarkable find in Hot Spring County
while doing field work for the Flora of
Arkansas Project. She was collecting
plants on land owned by the Ross
Foundation in the southern part of the
Ouachita Mountains where, in a shale
glade that she was shown by Roy Bledsoe
of the Ross Foundation, she collected
plants of the federally listed Missouri
bladderpod {Lesquerella filiformis). This
collection was exciting enough given the
global rarity of the species, but it was even
more remarkable because it was a
significant range extension for the species,
150 miles to the south of the nearest
known site. It was also the first collection
of the species outside of a narrow portion
of the Ozark Mountains and the first on a
substrate other than limestone or dolomite.
Biologists from the US Fish and Wildlife
Service and the Arkansas Natural Heritage
Commission traveled to Fayetteville to
examine the specimens and, upon agreeing
that Sarah had indeed collected Missouri
Bladderpod, visited the site in Hot Spring
County with Roy Bledsoe.

Not only is the site far disjunct from the main range of the species, but it is home to a
very large population, with over 100,000 plants (estimated) in 2005 occurring in five
distinct glade openings, all part of the same complex. The site is very rich botanically,
containing a number of other globally and state rare species including granite
gooseberry ( Ribes curvatum ), NuttalFs cornsalad ( Valerianella nuttallii ), Arkansas
twistflower ( Streptanthus maculatus ssp. obtusifolius), and royal catchfly ( Silene regia).

Missouri bladderpod is an annual plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae or
Cruciferae) that is restricted to calcareous glade habitat. Being an annual, its population
size can fluctuate dramatically from year to year. Experiments in Missouri have found
that prescribed burns of the habitat can dramatically increase populations, with the

Missouri bladderpod ( Lesquerella filiformis).
Izard County, Arkansas. Photo by John
Pelton.

population at one site going from hundreds of plants one year
to hundreds of thousands the next year following an August
fire.

Missouri bladderpod was first discovered in Arkansas in a
glade in Izard County by Bill Summers of Missouri on a
spring field trip of the Arkansas Native Plant Society several
years ago. Botanists in Missouri were a little chapped about
the find because Missouri Bladderpod was the only vascular
plant species believed to be restricted to Missouri! It was later
discovered that there was an overlooked specimen in the U of
A Herbarium from Washington County, collected in a glade
near Beaver Lake. This site was relocated in 2002 by
botanists from Arkansas and Missouri. Since then two other
sites were found in Izard and Sharp Counties by botanists
from the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, the US Fish
and Wildlife Service, the Missouri Department of
Conservation, and the Missouri Department of Natural
Resources. The species was reclassified in 2003 from
“endangered” to “threatened” but is still federally protected
under the Endangered Species Act and is of high conservation
importance.

Fortunately the Hot Spring County site is in good hands. It is
owned and managed by The Ross Foundation and was already
identified by them as a special area. They are working with
the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission on further
inventory of their lands and are very willing to manage for the
rare habitats and species found at the site. Congratulations to
Sarah Nunn and Roy Bledsoe for this important discovery!

Keep your eyes out for a yellow- flowered mustard with
narrow leaves growing in limestone or dolomite glades in the
Ozarks or shale glades in the Ouachitas. It blooms from late
April through May and is readily identified by its four-petaled
bright yellow flowers and its spherical seed pods about the
size of a BB on a short stalk. If you think you’ve found it,
please contact the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission at
501.324.9615 or email theo@arkansasheritage.org.

Conway Earth Day Booth
A Success!

By Brent Baker

As some of you were aware, I organized an ANPS booth for
the Conway Earth Day Event that was held on Saturday April
23 rd at the Faulkner County Fairgrounds. It was a beautiful,
sunny day for the event, albeit a little on the windy side! !
Thanks to Don Culwell and Jude Jardine for helping me work
the booth. Also, thanks to Jane Gulley for donating the
entrance fee.

We had ANPS brochures and copies of the Claytonia for
people to pick up. We had some great conversations with

people about various issues regarding native plants. We also
had a variety of native plants on hand for people to view and
discuss. Thanks to Mary Ann King at Pine Ridge Gardens for
loaning most of these. The native wisteria ( Wisteria
frutescens ) sparked numerous discussions about ‘native vs.
introduced’ plants; as did the native trumpet honeysuckle
(Lonicera sempervirens ) plants that we had for give-away.

We owe thanks to Dr. K. C. Larson at the University of
Central Arkansas for her donation of the honeysuckles [extras
from her research comparing the native honeysuckle to the
invasive Japanese honeysuckle ( Lonicera japonica)\. We had
a slideshow of native plants for viewing, although the bright
sun did make the screen hard to see. It really was a great
slideshow, though! I’m sorry it wasn’t more visible. Thanks
to Theo Witsell and George Sinclair for some of the great
photos.

As an added bonus, we also sold a handful of ANPS tee shirts
and received a few monetary donations!

Again, thanks to everyone who contributed!

Memorial Edition of Claytonia
Planned

The recent loss of several dear members of the ANPS has
prompted the idea of publishing a memorial edition of the
Claytonia. Members are encouraged to submit anecdotes,
biographical information, tributes, photographs, poems, or
other such material to Jason Anders by the end of October.
Several of our charter members have died, and it would be
nice to have a remembrance of some of their contributions,
work, wit, and warmth in a collection for publication. If there
is enough support for this project, it could be in print by year’s
end.

Carl Hunter Memorial

The ANPS Executive Board is investigating the feasibility of
honoring Carl Hunter by placing one of his books in every
public library in Arkansas. In many cases, this would provide
the library with a second copy that would free up one from the
reference materials designation and allow it to be checked out.
For others, it would simply provide an inaugural copy for
those libraries.

More specifics will be discussed in the Fall Meeting at Ft.
Smith. We welcome your ideas in helping implement this
project if it is adopted.

2

PLANT OF THE ISSUE: PELTON’S ROSE-GENTIAN

Pelton’s Rose-Gentian. Middle Fork Barrens Natural Area, Saline
County. Photo by John Pelton.

Pelton’s rose-gentian ( Sabatia arkansana J.S. Pringle & C.T.
Witsell) was described as a species new-to-science in an
article by Dr. James Pringle and Theo Witsell in the August 5,
2005 issue of Sida: Contributions to Botany , making it the
newest plant species to be described from Arkansas. It is
known from just seven sites in the world, all in rare glade
habitats in Saline County, Arkansas. It was first noticed by
John Pelton, long-time ANPS member and nature
photographer, who first found the plant in a remnant nepheline
syenite (igneous) glade on land owned by the Alcoa
Corporation, where he worked before he retired. John later
found the plant growing in a roadside shale glade near
Owensville and took me to that site in 2001 when I was
beginning to collect plants for his Masters thesis.

We collected specimens, which keyed out to the Texas rose-
gentian {Sabatia campestris ) in all the books, but true S.
campestris also occurred at the Owensville site, and seeing the
two species side by side made the differences between them
seem obvious! It was instantly agreed that these were two
different species. After a thorough literature review and the
examination of Sabatia specimens at the U of A Herbairum
and the Missouri Botanical Garden, I was even more
convinced that we had a new species and teamed up with Dr.
James Pringle at the Royal Botanical Gardens in Hamilton,
Ontario, the world authority on the genus, for the formal
description. I mailed him specimens and received an email
from him shortly after saying he was having difficulty
concentrating on his other work because he was so excited by
the specimens I had sent — definitely a new species!

There are a number of noticeable differences between
the two species including shorter stature, narrower leaves,
darker flower color, and more rounded petals in S. arkansana.
There are also noticeable differences in microhabitat selection

within the glades, with S. arkansana is seasonally wet, open
flats fed by groundwater seepage and S. campestris on higher,
drier sites. S. arkansana typically begins flowering 7 to 10
days before S. campestris , and S. campestris continues
flowering at least 7 days after S. arkansana.

The common name of this uncommon plant is in honor of
John, who was too humble to allow a formal scientific name to
be given in his honor. He has been studying the flora of the
state, and Saline County in particular, for years and had been
suspicious about the plant since he first found it. The latin
name recognizes the state to which it is apparently endemic.

Pelton’s rose-gentian will be tracked as an Element of Special
Concern by the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission and
will likely carry the conservation status rank of G1G2S1,
making it among the rarest plants in both Arkansas and the
world. Fortunately it is being protected and managed for at all
of the known sites. The six glade openings near Bauxite are
being protected by joint efforts of The Nature Conservancy
and Alcoa Corporation. 136 acres of the shale barrens site
near Owensville have been purchased by the Arkansas Natural
Heritage Commission and were recently dedicated as the
Middle Fork Barrens Natural Area which is open to the public
for non-destructive use as part of Arkansas’ System of Natural
Areas. Surveys in appropriate habitat in Saline, Pulaski,
Garland, Hot Spring, and Montgomery Counties have so far
failed to locate additional populations. - Theo Witsell

3

An Orchid Trilogy

by Carl Slaughter, MD

2004 was a good year for orchids. . .

I. Northwest Arkansas

In April I received a
phone call from one of
our members. We talked
a while and the
conversation turned to
locations of various
orchids.

“I manage a couple of
prairies near Siloam
Springs, and the
Oklahoma grass-pink
orchid ( Calopogon
oklahomensis) grows on
them”

“How many are there?”
“A little over a
thousand.”

Oklahoma grass-pink orchid ( Calopogon
oklahomensis). Photo by Carl Slaughter.

A little over a thousand! Obviously another “botanical
estimate”. A botanical estimate is where you count the number
of flowering plants, multiply that number by 10, and then add
100 to that number. This would be the number that you would
report that you saw. This calculation is used quite frequently.
Seeing a little over 100 of these plants is considered a good day.
A thousand, we’ll see.

“I would love to see them. Could you call me when they
bloom?”

“Yes.”

“Thanks.”

Mid May arrives, and I receive a phone call.

“The Calopogons are blooming.”

“I’m coming up. A thousand eh, we’ll see.”

I travel to northwest Arkansas to a couple of prairies just outside
Siloam Springs, and step into a paradise of over 1,000
Calopogon oklahomensis of various colors that have their non-
resupinated faces clustered around prairie pimples (clumps or
hills of dirt blown in at an earlier time).

Thank you Joe Woolbright. Siloam Springs.

II. Ompah, Canada

In 2003, at our North American Wild Orchid Conference, I
showed a slide that I was very proud of. It was a double
bloomed Cypripedium reginae (two blooms on the same plant).
The presenter after me showed a triple. Doubles are hard to
come by, but a triple? Out of this world! This aroused my
competitive instinct.

“Where did you take this picture?”

“I took it in Ompah. There are some Amerorchis rotundifolia
var. lineata there also.”

“Where in the world is Ompah?”

“Ompah is in northeast Ontario, Canada.”

The last orchid mentioned above instead of having small dots on
its lip, has small lines. It’s the latest rage, and not many people
have seen a live plant. I received directions and made the 2004
trip plans. It took me four days to get there. It was worth the
trip, even if my accommodations were one of ten rooms over a
loud beer parlor without air conditioning and only one bathroom
for the ten rooms.

First I saw the Amerorchis. Some with small dots, some with
lines, and some with large blots, which I named “blothiana” on
the spot. They had not previously been named. Then I found a
single plant that showed all
of the above colorations on
the lip of its separate
flowers. So much for my
recently named variety, but
also, so much for the
lineata name. These
findings would indicate
that there are no varieties
based on lip decoration. I
am eager to report this at
our 2005 meeting. Next
came the triple Queen
Lady’s- slipper. I went to
Purdon Fen and found a
sign at the entrance that
read: “This fen contains
over 16,000 Queen Lady’s-
Slippers.” 16,000!!! I
walked into these 16,000

orchidspraying. I expected Amerorchls rotund;fol;a . 0 mpah,
to see Samt Peter at any Ontario. Photo by Carl Slaughter,
moment. I just knew that I

4

The triple-flowered Queen lady slipper (Cypripedium reginae).
Ompah, Ontario. Photo by Carl Slaughter.

had died and gone to heaven. On that day I photographed two
triples, a double, and two singles in one slide. I also took
pictures of abnormal forms and several white Cypripedium
reginaes. I had been looking for a white one for five years. I
smiled all the way home, even in my sleep.

Thank you Shirley Curtis. New Hampshire.

III. 2004 Native Orchid Conference
(Conway, South Carolina)

In August the North American Native Orchid Conference was
held in South Carolina. Along with the lecture presentations we
took field trips into West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, and
South Carolina. We saw and photographed 15 different orchids.
I added three new ones to my collection. We left for Myrtle
Beach two days after a hurricane struck the Carolina coast, and
departed the area two days before another one passed by.

THANK YOU
FRIENDS
ACROSS
AMERICA

Thank you God
for 2004.

used to be conopseum but it seems like they like to change
orchids’ names every ten years just to keep us on our toes and
our books out of date.

My main photographic objective on this trip was Platanthera
Xbicolor , the hybrid between P. ciliaris and P. blephariglottis
var. conspicua. We found beautiful specimens just as we were
leaving the Carolina area. I accused them of trying to make me
suffer in making this the last orchid that we saw. I had made the
trip three times in the past and not found it. It is a beautiful
orchid in yellow and white.

In the deserted backcountry of North Carolina’s Green Swamp,
we returned to a previously visited spot to retrieve glasses that
had been left behind. In the middle of this swampy field,
holding up the lost glasses of my Arizona friend was a mutual
orchid friend from Pennsylvania, along with an orchid friend
from Virginia who was the latest to have an orchid named after
him. Orchids must be hard to find to have a diversity of people
from all over the U.S. having to go to a single spot in North
Carolina to photograph them.

Earlier we had photographed the water spider orchid {Habenaria
repens ), under the watchful gaze of a nearby alligator.

Every orchid has its own story, but I will devote this space to
only one more. Corallorhiza bentleyi , a cleistogamous orchid
(an orchid that fertilizes itself without the flowers ever opening)
is found in only a couple of areas in Virginia and West Virginia.
It was the main orchid of this conference, and with its namesake
leading us we had no problem in finding it.

Rain was forecasted for our last day and I told my wife that if it
rained we would probably be home early. Her reply was that
she had never known of rain keeping orchid photographers from
taking pictures. The last picture that I took was of my friends
standing in the
rain in the
middle of the
highway talking
about “next
year”. I had to
tell my wife that
my orchid
friends not only
didn’t know
when to get in
out of the rain,
they didn’t know
that they
shouldn’t play in
traffic.

We do have epiphytes outside of Florida and I photographed the
green- fly orchid ( Epidendrum magnoliae). Its specific name

5

Bentley’s coralroot ( Corallorhiza bentleyi).
Virginia. Photo by Carl Slaughter.

List of Endemic Plants of the Interior Highlands Published

When species are known only from a specific geographic area
or habitat, they are said to be endemic to that area or habitat.
Endemism is an important aspect of biogeography, rarity, and
effective conservation planning. The following list of 36
endemic vascular plants of the Interior Highlands was
published in the latest issue of Sida: Contributions to Botany.
The list was compiled by Douglas Zollner (The Nature
Conservancy, Arkansas), Douglas Ladd (The Nature
Conservancy, Missouri), and Michael and Barbara
MacRoberts (Bog Research, Louisiana). Taxa appearing in
boldface type are tracked as Elements of Special Concern by
the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission.

APOCYNACEAE

Amsonia hubrichtii Woods.

ASTERACEAE

Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa (J.B.S Norton) Britt.
Liatris squarrosa (L.) var. comp acta Torr. & A. Gray
Polymnia cossatotensis A.B. Pittman & V. Bates
Solidago ouachitensis C. & J. Taylor
Vernonia lettermannii Engelm. ex A. Gray

The Ouachita bluestar ( Amsonia hubrichtii). Endemic to rocky
streams in the Ouachita Mountains. Photo by Craig Frasier.

BRASSICACEAE

Cardamine angustata O.E. Schulz var. ouachitiana E.B.
Smith

Lesquerella filiformis Rollins

Streptanthus maculatus ssp. obtusifolius (Hook.) Rollins
Streptanthus squamiformis Goodman

C APRIF OLIACEAE
Viburnum ozarkense Ashe

COMMELINACEAE

Tradescantia longipes E.S. Anderson & Woods.
Tradescantia ozarkana E.S. Anderson & Woods.

CYPERACEAE

Car ex latebracteata Waterfall

FABACEAE

Amorpha ouachitensis Wilbur

FAGACEAE

Quercus acerifolia (Palmer) Hess & Stoynoff

HYDROPHYLLACEAE
Hydrophyllum brownei Krai & Bates

LAMIACEAE

Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa L. var. stipitatoglandulosa
comb. nov. ined.

Scutellaria bushii Britt.

IRIDACEAE

Nemastylis nuttallii Pickering
POACEAE

Elymus glaucus Buckley ssp. mackenzii (Bush) J.N. Campbell
PTERIDACEAE

Pellaea glabella Mett. ex Kuhn ssp. missouriensis (Gastony)
Windham

RANUNCULACEAE

Delphinium newtonianum D.M. Moore
Delphinium treleasei Bush ex K.C. Davis

RUBIACEAE

Galium arkansanum A. Gray var. arkansanum

Galium arkansanum A. Gray var. pubiflorum E.B. Smith
Houstonia ouachitana (E.B. Smith) Terrell

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Heuchera villosa Michx. var. arkansana (Rydberg) E.B.
Smith

Saxifraga palmeri Bush

Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. Var. subintegra Goodman

SCROPHULARIACEAE
Agalinis nuttallii Shinners

Penstemon cobaea Nutt. var. purpureus Pennell

VALERIANACEAE

Valerianella longiflora (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp.

Valerianella nuttallii (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp.

Valerianella ozarkana Dyal
Valerianella palmeri Dyal

6

In addition to the 36 taxa listed above, the paper acknowledges
six species of hawthorns ( Crataegus spp.) listed by Kartesz as
being endemic to the region as well as others that have been
proposed. These were excluded from the official list since
there is some debate regarding the validity of these species and
a limited understanding of this difficult genus. Ozark witch
hazel (Hamamelis vernalis Sarg.) was exluded on the basis of
reports that it occurs in SE Texas, and the authors mention that
a revision of the genus Talinum currently underway may result
in two additional endemic species to the Interior Highlands
flora.

The Ouachita scaly blazing star ( Liatris squarrosa var. compacta) is
endemic to glades and rocky, open woodlands in the Ouachita
Mountains. Photo by Craig Frasier.

The Interior Highlands as defined in this study includes the
Ozark Plateau (Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, and
Illinois) and the Ouachita Mountains including the Arkansas
Valley (Arkansas and Oklahoma). The original paper also
includes discussion of the range and habitat of each taxon as
well as descriptions of the subregions and habitats of the
Interior Highlands. For the original paper see:

Zollner D., M. H. MacRoberts, B. R. MacRoberts, and D.
Ladd. 2005. Endemic Vascular Plants of the Interior
Highlands, U.S.A. Sida21(3): 1781-1791.

New AN PS Members

The following people have joined the Arkansas Native
Plant Society since the last issue of Claytonia:

Larry Buford Jr. (Taylor, AR)

Kelly Chitwood & Rick Burson (Camden, AR)

W. A. Daniel & Family (Camden, AR)

Polly Davis (Severna Park, MD)

Karl Estes (Batesville, AR)

Craig Frasier (Hot Springs, AR)

Bob & Sandra Gamble (Stephens, AR)

Ann Gordon (Chester, AR)

Raymond Higgins (El Dorado, AR)

Gelene MacDowell (Fort Smith, AR)

Gayla Mann (Crossett, AR)

Ben Mattocks (Little Rock, AR)

Margaret Morgan (Conway, AR)

Diana Neal / Delta Rivers Nature Center (Pine Bluff, AR)
Lynn Powell (Knoxville, AR)

Maxine Ray (Havana, AR)

Lee Ruble (Camden, AR)

Amanda Scissell (Beebe, AR)

Karen Seale (Little Rock, AR)

John Stephens (Monticello, AR)

Reggie Talley (Hazen, AR)

Philip Alan Thomspson (APO AA 34023-3111)

Meredith York (Stephens, AR)

Douglas Zollner (Little Rock, AR)

The following members joined in 2004 but the list was
misplaced by the editor and they were not mentioned in the
Claytonia. My apologies to them:

Kevin Allen (Shreveport, LA)

Bill Barksdale (Cotter, AR)

Jimbo Bray (Carlinville, IL)

Patricia Brown (Hot Springs, AR)

Linda Chambers (Little Rock, AR)

Luke Garrett (Bentonville, AR)

Lucy Mothershead (Flippin, AR)

Gail Northcutt (Stuttgart, AR)

Jimmylu Syme (Mountain Home, AR)

Joe Woolbright (Siloam Springs, AR)

We welcome all of these new members to the ANPS!

Claytonia Available Online

Thanks to ANPS Webmaster, Ron Doran, the Claytonia is now
available on the web as a high-resolution, full-color PDF file.
Anyone with access to the internet and Adobe Acrobat Reader
software can view or print the Claytonia. You can also email
it to friends, etc. The ANPS website also has a link to a free
download of the Adobe Acrobat Reader software. Select
articles and announcements will also be available on the web
in html format, but without the color photos and other graphics
in the Claytonia.

Many thanks to Ron for his commitment to keeping the
website up to date and sincere apologies from the editor for not
getting him articles and announcements in the past. Check out
the website if you haven’t in a while: www.anps.org.

7

ARKANSAS NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY
FALL 2005 MEETING

SEPTEMBER 30 - OCTOBER 2 , 2005

Rose Room
Creekmore Park
31st St. & Rogers Avenue
Fort Smith, AR

Everything is lining up for what looks to be an exciting Fall
Meeting in Ft. Smith. Our meetings Friday and Saturday will
be held in the Rose Room at Creekmore Park. The park is
located at the intersection of Rogers Ave. and 3 1 st St. If you
are looking it up on Mapquest, etc., use 3301 South M St. for
the office’s physical address; it faces a street other than
Rogers Ave. This location should prove easily navigable as it
is a straight shoot down Rogers Avenue (2.25 miles) from our
hotel, the Holiday Inn City Center.

Our field trips are still being finalized, but we know we’ll
include the walking path that is along Arkansas River
downtown and is maintained by the National Parks Service.
Dr. Dan Marsh and I walked it in the summer and we met a
park ranger who welcomed ANPS assistance in helping
identify some of the many trees along the route (more than
50). We also hiked at the Natural Dam area, and there are a
couple of other sites members are suggesting that we will
have more detail about at the meeting.

The program following the Business Meeting Saturday night
will feature our own Larry Lowman. Larry is currently
working with the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission to
promote Environmental Education at several of their site. He
will also present information on the isolation and selection of
native plant cultivars for commercial introduction.

We have 20 rooms reserved at the Holiday Inn City Center,
700 East Rogers Ave., and can get more rooms if members
reserve no later than September 9 th . (the editor apologizes
for the short notice). After that date, the special discount will
no longer apply (although rooms may be still available.) The
group rate is $68 per night, before 14.25% taxes, for either a
king bed or two doubles. You must mention ANPS when
reserving your room to get this discounted rate. There is no
surcharge for extra guests, so BRING a FRIEND already
even!

Registration will held at Creekmore Park in the Rose Room
Friday from 4-6 p.m.

At 7:00 we will promptly begin our annual plant auction.
PLEASE REMEMBER to bring seeds, plants, dried herbs,
books, magazines, gardening gloves, trowels, pots, conserves/
preserves/jellies, bird houses, hiking poles, hats, photographs,
and most importantly, YOUR CHECKBOOKS for this
worthy cause. Our dear friend Carl Amason worked so
cheerfully to promote this fundraiser; let’s make an extra
effort this year and support it with our plants and donations, as
well as bidding.

The field trips Saturday morning will depart from the Holiday
Inn City Center parking lot at 8:00 a.m., as the Creekmore
Park building won’t be available for our use again until 6:00
p.m. Saturday night. Please gather early enough to allow field
trips to actually depart at 8:00 without worrying about leaving
anyone behind.

The map below shows a star where Creekmore Park is located
in Ft. Smith. It lies just south of Rogers Avenue (shown as
Highway 22 in this map.) The meeting room can be
approached by turning South on either 31 st St. or 34 th St. in
order to get over the one block to the park office. Rogers
Avenue is found easily as it is a main exit off 1-540. Please
call or email Jason Anders if you need more specific driving
directions:

or anders@aeroiet.com

Work Phone: 870-574-3353; Home Phone: 870-836-0452

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MORE INFO & LODGING ON NEXT PAGE...

Creekmore Park
The Rose Room
3301 South M Street
Ft. Smith, AR 72903
(479) 784-2368

LODGING:

Holiday Inn City Center
700 East Rogers Avenue
Ft. Smith, AR 72901
(479) 783-1000
$68 per night, +tax
(Mention ANPS, must
reserve NO LATER
THAN 9-9-05 FOR
DISCOUNT )

Pets allowed with
additional charge.

ADDITIONAL LODGING:
Motel 6

1716 Fayetteville Road
Van Buren, AR 72956
$37 per night, +tax, single
occupancy

(Actually on Ft. Smith outskirts)
(479) 474-8001

Comfort Inn
3131 Cloverleaf St.

Van Buren, AR 72956
(479) 474-2223

Participants pay close attention as Dr. George Yatskievych explains
the finer points of the genus Cyperus. Photo by Theo Witsell/ANHC.

First Ever Arkansas Sedge
ID Workshop a Success!

For the first time in Arkansas history, 30 people gathered for
two days at the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville for a
sedge identification workshop, focusing on Arkansas sedges.
The workshop was sponsored by the Arkansas Natural
Heritage Commission and the University of Arkansas
Herbarium. It was the first of its kind in Arkansas, focusing
on using keys and field characters to identify all 17 genera of
sedges known from Arkansas.

Instructors were Dr. George Yatskievych (Missouri
Department of Conservation), Dr. Paul McKenzie (U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service), Dr. Johnnie Gentry (U of A
Herbarium), and Theo Witsell (Arkansas Natural Heritage
Commission). Participants identified fresh and dried
specimens of 14 genera of Arkansas sedges and inspected
herbarium specimens of the remaining three genera. The
workshop also included a field trip each day of the conference.
At the end of the workshop the participants, working in teams
of two, competed in a series of keying contests where they
were given unknown, often difficult specimens and keys and
raced to be the first team to correctly identify the plants.
Winners (and the specimens they identified) were:

1) Marissa Williams & Jennfier Ogle: Bulbostylis capillaris

2) Jimmie Rogers & Robert McElderry: Lipocarpha

micrantha

3) Jeremy Whisenhunt & Jerry McGary: Rhynchospora

scirpoides

4) Rusty Scarborough & Diana Neal: Eleocharis flavescens

“Sedges have edges, Rushes are round, Grasses have joints (when
the cops aren’t around)”. Fresh material of Cyperus, Fimbristylis,
Kyllinga, and Eleocharis for the class. Photo by Theo Witsell/ANHC.

There is talk of another workshop happening in 2006 focusing
on the Asteraceae (Compositae), the Fabaceae (Leguminosae),
or some other family of Arkansas plants.

9

Workshop participants and ID Contest winners Marissa Williams and
Jennfier Ogle hold up specimens of the “mystery sedge” Bulbostylis
capillaris. Photo by Theo Witsell/ANHC.

ARKANSAS NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY
SPRING 2005 GENERAL MEETING MINUTES

South Arkansas University Tech
Charles O. Ross Center
Camden, Arkansas
15 April 2005

President Bumetta Hinterthuer opened the General
Meeting and asked for a motion to accept the minutes of
the autumn meeting at Greer’s Ferry as reported by
Jason Anders in the Spring issue of the Claytonia.
Barbara Little so moved , Jude Jardine seconded, and the
motion carried without dissent.

Barbara passed out copies of the financial statement and
Bumetta asked for a motion to accept it. Jude Jardine so
moved, the motion was seconded, and carried without
objection.

The financial statement was later retracted when
Jason Anders so moved after discovering an error.
Barbara will correct the error and resubmit the amended
financial statement for publication in the next Claytonia.
The General Membership will vote on accepting the
amended financial statement at the autumn meeting.

Bumetta brought several issues previously discussed by
the Executive Board to the general membership.

The Executive Board discussed the procedure
for selecting scholarship and award recipients and
agreed that it is somewhat unclear. The Board tasked
Jason Anders to rewrite Article V: Section 9 so that it
clearly states that members of the Awards and
Scholarship Committee cannot receive either an award
or scholarship while serving on the committee.

Jason will rewrite Article V: Section 9 and
submit it for publication in Claytonia. The General
Membership will vote on the new Section 9 at the
autumn meeting.

Changes to the Arkansas Native Plant Society
brochure were discussed at the Board meeting. Theo
Witsell was tasked by the Board to edit the brochure for
factual content and to make a four- fold format that will
allow the inclusion of a membership application in the
brochure. He will also discuss printing the brochure
with Carl Hunter‘s son.

The death of long-time member Carl Hunter was
made known to all Board members and a means of
memorializing him was discussed. The board discussed
placing hardbound copies of Carl’s Wildflowers of
Arkansas book in school or public libraries. The Board
thought this would be a fitting memorial to Carl’s long-
time effort to introduce school students to the world of
plants. Jason Anders was tasked with determining the
cost of placing copies in either schools or public
libraries.

The board also discussed funding the
distribution of Carl’s book and decided that fundraising
was preferable to using existing funds.

The General Membership voted to raise the
funds to place a hardbound copy of Carl Hunter’s
Wildflower book in every high school library if costs are
not prohibitive. Fundraising efforts will be announced
in Claytonia

Theo Witsell told the General Membership that he
intends to publish the Claytonia on a quarterly basis, and
that he would appreciate contributions.

Eric Sundell presented four nominees for the Aileen
McWilliam Scholarship and the General Membership
voted to grant $750 to Raven Dawson who plans to
study wetland forests and Robert McEldery who will be
conducting research on two rare plant species in the
Quachitas. The General Membership also voted to give
scholarships of $500 to Gary Mentur who will be
studying the distribution of Spotted Knapweed and to
Marissa Williams who will be studying the medicinal
qualities of Perilla frutescens.

Bumetta also asked the board to consider the need for a
Public Relations person. The Board agreed that Public
Relations is not included in any of the offices ANPS
currently fills, and a suitable person should be found
who will accept that role.

The Board decided to hold the autumn meeting in Fort
Smith. The exact location and field trip sites will be
announced in the Claytonia.

Submitted by Jude Jardine, Secretary

10

Items Up For General Membership
Vote at 2005 Fall Meeting

As stated in the Spring 2005 minutes, the following proposed
amendment to the By-laws and approval of the revised 15
April 2005 Financial Statement will be voted on by the
general membership at fall meeting. Please read through and
be prepared to vote if you attend the Fall Meeting:

The following revision of Section 9 of the by-laws is proposed:

Section 9. Scholarships & Awards Committee Chair

The Scholarship & Awards Committee Chair shall
organize and direct the annual search for recipients of the
Society's awards, grants, and scholarships. The Scholarship
and Awards Committee shall be constituted by at least two
other Society members, one from the Executive Board, and
one member from the general membership.

For scholarships and grants, the Chair shall convene a
committee to ensure applications are solicited from all
Arkansas colleges and universities which might have eligible
researchers and students. Applications shall be reviewed by
the Committee which shall present recommendations to the
Executive Board prior to the meeting of the general
membership. Final recommendations are presented by the
Committee to the general membership for approval vote in
either the Spring or Fall Meeting.

The Committee shall also work with the general
membership and the Executive Board to solicit nominees for
awards of the Society. The Committee will recommend the
awards to the Executive Board for approval. The awards will
be announced at the next meeting of the general membership.

In the event that a member of the Executive Board
becomes an applicant for a Society scholarship or grant, or is a
nominee for an award, that member shall become ineligible to
serve on the Scholarship & Awards Committee during that
scholarship or award cycle

The following revised Treasurer ’s Report is to replace the one
handed out at the Spring 2005 Meeting and will be up for
approval at the Fall 2005 Meeting. — Ed.

Treasurer’s Report
April 15, 2005 - REVISED

Operating Account:

Balance brought forward from 9/25/04: $27,446.86

Balance ANPS Operating Fund 9/25/04 $(7,902.35)

Two (2) life memberships: $300.00

Fall Meeting Registration: $276.00

Plant Auction: $825.00

Honoraria/memorials: $183.00

T Shirt sales: $264.00

Interest (9/04-4/05): $174.41

Income Subtotal: 2,792.41

Balance forward 09/25/04 + receipts: $30,239.27

Expenses:

Fall Meeting Expenses

Miscellaneous: $13.00

Burnetta: $32.06

Speaker’s lodging: $48.00

Peace Lutheran Hall: $200.00

Claytonia: $687.31

Membership Directory: $29 1 .47

Carl Amason Conservation Award: $500.00

Arkansas Vascular Flora Project Grant: $5,000.00

T Shirts purchased: $321.00

Expenses Subtotal: $7,092.84

Current balance 04/15/05: Total: $23,146.43

Subtract Scholarship and Awards funds : $2 1 ,749. 5 1

ANPS Operating Fund 04/15/05: $1,396.92

ANPS SCHOLARSHIP, FLORA & AWARDS FUNDS
(4/15/05)

Dwight Moore Award Fund

Balance 9/25/04 $4,460.78

Supporting Memberships $5.00

Balance 4/15/05 $4,465.78

Aileen McWilliam Scholarship Fund

Balance 9/25/04 $7,868.24

Auction Proceeds $825.00

Balance 4/15/05 $8,693.24

Delzie Demaree Research Grant Fund

Balance 9/25/04 $8,215.49

Contributing Memberships $75.00

Two (2) lifetime members' $300.00

Balance 4/15/05 $8,590.49

Scholarship, Flora & Awards Fund Grand Total: $2 1 ,749.5 1

Many eyes go through the meadow,
but few see the flowers in it.

-Emerson

Receipts (Income):

Annual membership dues:

$770.00

Spring Field Trip Recipes
By Thera Lou Adams

Cattails & Flags
By Phillip Moore

Members of the ANPS who attended a field trip to Thera Lou
Adams’ gardens at the 2005 Spring Meeting requested that the
following recipes, which she made and served, be printed in
the Claytonia:

Chewy Molasses Camp Cookies

1 V* c. sugar 1 tsp. soda

It c. margarine, melted 1 tsp. salt

2 eggs 2 c. quick cooking rolled oats

6 T. molasses !/ 2 c. chopped nuts

1 3 A sifted flour 1 c. seedless raisins

1 tsp. cinnamon

Mix everything together. Drop by teaspoonful on greased
baking pan. Bake at 400 degrees for 8 or 10 minutes. Yield:
About 5 dozen cookies, 2 14 inches in diameter.

Swedish Tea Logs

1 pkg. dry yeast
% c. warm water

2 % c. flour
% cup sugar
1 tsp. salt

14 c. firm margarine
14 c. canned milk
1 unbeaten egg
1/3 c. raisins

Filling:

5 T. margarine

2/3 c. dark brown sugar

14 c. nuts (optional)

Glaze:

3 T. margarine
1 tsp. vanilla
3 T. canned milk
1 cup powdered sugar

Sprinkle yeast on top of water in a bowl. Mix in flour, sugar
and salt and cut in margarine until mixture is the size of pea
gravel. Add dissolved yeast, milk, egg and raisins and mix
thoroughly. Cover and chill for two hours or overnight.

Divide dough into three equal parts. Roll each into a 6 x 12
inch rectangle. Mix filling mixture, having margarine at room
temperature. Spread on each rectangle and roll up starting
with 12 inch side. Place sealed side on bottom of foil-lined
pan, crescent-shaped and slash top of each log 4 times. Let
rise in warm place about 45 minutes or until double in size. (I
use the oven as rising place by turning on one minute at 1 50
degrees.) Bake in 350 degree oven about 20 minutes or until
golden brown. To make glaze, brown margarine in heavy pan.
Remove from heat; add powdered sugar, vanilla and enough
milk for spreading consistency. Spread on warm rolls. Note:
Thera Lou is famous in Camden for this wonderful log!

Just about everyone recognizes cattails. There are three
species of cattails in North America, and they all hybridize
with each other. These hybrids have become so common that
they have even been named Typha x glauca. Evidently,
narrowleaf cattail, T. angustifolia , is an old world species that
was introduced early in the colonial days. Unfortunately,
botanists didn’t recognize exotic narrowleaf cattails separately
from native narrowleaf cattails (T. domingensis) until recently.
Meanwhile, T. angustifolia eventually spread westward from
the seacoasts and formed aggressive hybrids with the native
species. T. domingensis has been dubbed “southern cattail” to
distinguish it from narrowleaf cattail. T. angustifolia and its
hybrids should be considered invasive. Since T. domingensis
invades nutrient-enriched wetlands, it too has been considered
invasive.

The easiest species to identify is broadleaf cattail (T. latifolia ).
The upper male or staminate spike is typically not separated
from the female or pistillate spike (but it can be).

Additionally, its leaves are up to about an inch wide and its
spikes are over an inch thick. Narrowleaf cattail ( T .
angustifolia) leaves are only about a half-inch wide, its spikes
are only three quarters of an inch thick, and there’s a gap
between the male and female spikes. Perhaps the most
reliable field characteristic of southern cattail (T. domingensis)
is mucilage glands from inside the sheath continue for a short
distance up the inside of the leaf. In general, southern cattail
is a very tall plant and the spikes are about as tall as the
leaves. The spikes of narrowleaf cattail are usually much
exceeded by the leaves. Additionally, southern cattail spikes
are light brown, or cinnamon, while narrowleaf cattail spikes
are medium to dark brown. One additional characteristic to
check is the prominent “ears” or auricles on the sheaths of
narrowleaf cattail. If you’re still not sure you probably have a
hybrid. You could try the key in Flora of North America
Volume 22, which can be viewed on the Internet, http://
www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx7flora id=l&taxon id= 134063

12

Other plants in Arkansas that form cattail-like wetland colonies
are sweetflag, bur reeds, and irises. All of these plants have a
wetland indicator of “Obligate,” which means that they occur in
wetlands more than 99% of the time. Wetland scientists call
areas with a predominance of emergent herbaceous plants
marshes and reserve the term swamp for forested wetlands. A
flag is any marsh plant that has sword-shaped (ensiform) leaves.

Although all of these plants have leaves that are sword-shaped in
outline, they each have different cross-sections. Cattail leaves
are flat to crescent shaped, bur reed leaves are keeled on one
side, sweetflag “leaves” are somewhat keeled on both sides, and
iris leaves are strongly folded together (conduplicate).

americanus, its range is Canada south to Iowa. Our populations
are the European A. calamus , which was introduced by early
European settlers. Although the plant is sterile, its rhizomes
propagate easily.

Southern Blue Flag, Iris virginica

Although there are a number of iris species in Arkansas, only
two form colonies in wetland marshes (or roadside ditches): the
native blue flag, Iris virginica , and the introduced yellow flag, I.
pseudacorus. Iris leaves are very flatly folded together
lengthwise (conduplicate). These plants grow to about three feet
tall, and can, of course, be

Bur reeds are shorter than cattails, usually about three feet tall.
The individual beaks of the bur-like fruits of Sparganium
americanum , are short (3-5 mm), while the beaks of the fruit of
S. androcladum are longer

(4-6 mm). Leaves of S. /Ttn

americanum are flat or X\ } !\ X \

weakly keeled and not very F\ / f /\\\ **

stiff; leaves of S. \\ I 4 // /\\\

androcladum are stiff and j \\ M / / f \\\
strongly keeled. i\\ |f /// \\\

Sweetflag is a cattail-like
plant growing to about five
feet tall, with a flower
spike positioned laterally
on edge of the plant. The
plant has a distinct sweet
perfume when crushed.
Although there is a native
sweetflag, Acorus

identified by the very showy
blue or yellow flowers.

Sweetflag,
Acorus calamus

Yellow Flag,
Iris pseudacorus

Phillip Moore is the botanist with the Arkansas Department of
Highways and Transportation. Contact him at :

Phillip. Moore@arkansash ighways. com.

13

Notes from the Editor

Two of the Arkansas Native Plant Society’s most active and
long-term members, Carl Hunter and Carl Amason, passed
away since the last issue of Claytonia. Both of these men did
a lot for the Society and for the flora of The Natural State.

Carl Hunter was best known for his three field guides to the
plants of Arkansas: Wildflowers of Arkansas. Trees. Shrubs,
and Woody Vines of Arkansas , and Autumn Leaves and
Winter Berries of Arkansas . He was also known for his
tireless work promoting the use of native wildflowers in
gardens and landscaping throughout the state and his efforts to
get the Arkansas Highway Department to encourage and
manage for native wildflowers along their extensive rights-of-
way. Carl Amason was best known for his amazing botanical
knowledge and collections of plants from around the world
(including many Arkansas natives) in his sprawling gardens at
his home near Calion, Arkansas. Carl always opened his
gardens to Society members and anyone else who wanted to
stop by and explore. He was also revered for his skills as the
official (and wonderfully entertaining) auctioneer at the fall
meetings of the Arkansas Native Plant Society.

Everyone seemed to know Carl Amason. I met him at my first
state meeting of the ANPS in Monticello. He was generous
both with his incredible knowledge of plants and by paying for
my lunch. He also treated me as an equal and was very down-
to-earth. He encouraged my interest in our native flora and
reassured me that a lifetime committed to conservation would
be fulfilling and rewarding. His knowledge of plants was
unequaled. I remember a couple of years ago when biologists
at the Buffalo National River found a very showy species of
purple-flowered aroid growing around an historic cabin that
they were restoring. They couldn’t figure out what species it
was and neither could I, nor could any other professional
botanists that I knew. Finally I remembered that Carl Amason
knew more about obscure and unusual plants than anyone I
knew. I mailed him a photo of the plant in question and
immediately received a phone call from Carl with the proper
ID and a wealth of information about the species including
where it was native, when it bloomed, what pollinated it, etc.
He, of course, had grown it at some point and knew all about
it. I had heard a lot about his amazing gardens and was glad
to finally get a chance to go and see them at the 2005 Spring
Meeting. A newspaper article in the Arkansas Democrat-
Gazette following his death that characterized him as a
reclusive hermit who shunned people in favor of plants was
completely wrong. He loved to share his passion for plants
and entertained people from all over.

Both of these men were influential in shaping my path in
studying the flora of Arkansas and deciding to pursue a career
in botany, ecology, and conservation. They both took me out
in the field and shared with me some of the great deal that
they knew about plants. I remember when I first moved back
to Arkansas and began to develop a real interest in plants. I
decided on learning all the trees and shrubs first and bought a
copy of Carl Hunter’s tree book. I wore it ragged in the field,
writing where and when I found each species in the margin.
Eventually I got caught in the rain and the book fell apart so I
cut it up and made flashcards from the photos to keep sharp. I
also bought his wildflower book, studied it for years, and still
use it all the time. I even made audio tapes to leam the
common and scientific names of all of the plants in his books.

Later I met Carl in person and was struck by his down-to-earth
demeanor and passion for native plants. He treated me like an
equal, not like some novice kid (which I was), and I was most
grateful for that. He invited me to his home to see the
hundreds of species of wildflowers he had planted. “I have
something blooming every month of the year” he would say.
And he did. He was always happy to share seeds and plants.
One night a few years back we shared a room at the Ozark
Natural Science Center where we were giving a joint
presentation and wildflower walk to a group of high school
students. We stayed up late, me soaking in Carl’s stories
about his years studying botany under Dr. Dwight Moore,
working as Assistant Director of the Arkansas Game and Fish
Commission, and as the manager of a large farm in east
Arkansas. Carl was also a poet and an author of non-botanical
books, including his own version of the legend of King
Arthur.

Though these great plant lovers have passed away, their
legacies live on in the lives of the many people that they
touched and inspired. It is up to us to carry on their vision and
good works. I am honored to have known and learned from
them both.

Carl Hunter listens patiently at the Fall 2004 ANPS Meeting as I pick
his brain on sites where we might find rose turtlehead ( Chelone
speciosa) in northeast Arkansas. Carl knew of a site for just about
any plant in the state and was always glad to help someone find
what they were looking for. Photo by Clint Sowards.

If you have any stories or memories of Carl Amason, Carl
Hunter, or any other ANPS members who are no longer with
us, please consider submitting something to the upcoming
memorial issue of the Claytonia.

14

Announcements, Memorials, & Upcoming Events

NOTICE: Many people join the Society to learn from other
members and get the chance to explore unfamiliar areas of the
state with a local guide. We need more people who are
willing to lead field trips to areas they know. It isn’t
necessary to know every species on the route. We all bring
our own knowledge and learn something every time we go out
- even the trip leaders! Please contact the Claytonia if you
would be willing to lead a trip. We know you have a special
spot that is worth sharing. . .

September 16-18: Dr. Eric Simdell is offering a tree
identification workshop for beginners and intermediates,
sponsored by the Arkansas Audubon Society, meeting for
three days at Ferncliff Camp in Ferndale, west of Little Rock.
Dates are Sept. 16-18, Friday noon to Sunday noon. Anyone
interested should make a reservation with Barry Haas at
bhaas@sbcglobal.net or 501-821-4097. And he’ll have
information on cost of meals and accommodations for non
Little Rock folks (modern motel rooms). Ferncliff is perfect
for the workshop: last year participants keyed and identified
67 species of trees, shrubs, and woody vines!

September 30-October 2: Fall Meeting of the Arkansas
Native Plant Society. See meeting announcement in this
issue.

October 15: Cave Mountain (Newton County) Hike. Meet
at 10:30 am at parking area at upper Buffalo River, at base of
Cave Mountain, just past bridge on Hwy. 21 south of Boxley.
The trip will tour around Wild Magnolia above Beech Creek.
This forest has a beech/umbrella magnolia composition and
offers a very rich, moist habitat for plant growth. Bring
comfortable shoes, water, and a sack lunch. The hike is mild
to moderate in most places but there are more strenuous parts
to explore. Contact: Bumetta Hinterthuer: 479.582.0317 or
479.430.0260.

Don Crank has made donations to the Flora of Arkansas
Project in memory of ANPS members Gail Carlson
Clearwater, Carl Hunter, and Carl Amason.

Memorials for Carl Amason can be made to the South
Arkansas Arboretum. They have plans to use any memorial
funds to replace the existing gate at the entrance. Currently
there is a chain link gate. They plan on substantial posts with
attractive, sort of rustic wooden gates. A plaque honoring Mr.
Amason will be included. Memorials should be made to:
South Arkansas Community College Foundation / 300 South
West Ave. / El Dorado, AR 71730. Checks should be marked
“Carl Amason Memorial”.

Arkansas Native Plant Society Membership Application

Please check the appropriate box below.

Membership Categories:

$10 Student

$15 Regular

$20 Supporting

$25 Family Membership

$30 Contributing

$150... Lifetime Membership (55 and over)

$300... Lifetime Membership (under 55)

New Member

Renewal

Address Change

NAME(S)

ADDRESS:

Street or Box

City

State Zip Code

Telephone - -

Email address

Please cut and send this form along with any dues to:

Eric Sundell, Membership ANPS
Division of Mathematics and Sciences
University of Arkansas at Monticello
Monticello, AR 71655

15

Please check your mailing label! If
your mailing label has an 04 or earlier
it is time to renew!

2004-2005 ANPS OFFICERS

Life members will have an LF.

Please fill in the information form on the oppo-
site side of this page and send it with your re-
newals, applications for membership, changes of
name, address, email, or telephone numbers to
the address given on the form: [Not to the
editor]. Thank you.

The purpose of the Arkansas Native Plant Society is to promote the preservation, conservation,
and study of the wild plants and vegetation of Arkansas, the education of the public to the
value of the native flora and its habitat, and the publication of related information.

CLAYTONIA

Theo Witsell, Editor
219 Beechwood St.
Little Rock, AR 72205

anpsclaytonia@yahoo.com

www.anps.org

PLEASE SEND SUBMISSIONS/SUGGESTIONS TO:
219 Beechwood St. / Little Rock, AR 72205
anpsclaytonia@yahoo.com

Past President: Mary Ann King 479.293.4359

President: Burnetta Hinterthuer 479.582.0317

President Elect: Jason Anders 870-836-0452

Vice President: Brent Baker 479.970.9143

Editor: Theo Witsell 501.614.8465

anp sclay tonia@y ahoo . com

Historian: Vacant

Secretary: Jude Jardine 501.676.5535

Treasurer: Barbara Little 870.935.6905

Membership: Eric Sundell 870.367.2652

Ark. Coalition: Vacant

Awards/Scholarhips: Eric Sundell

sundell@uamont. edu

Newsletter of the Arkansas Native Plant Society Summer 2005