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1
. Mr. Charles Combe, Apothecary,
Mr. John Church, Surgeon, Ifling
2 SS E E E sane he phe Pe HSE HS Be ye eee OB w& &
BRERERECESERERESERERERERE SERS:
fe Ae tla ie Oud) ue Tondistdit- s
TO
Pete Oo Re. Ay L
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Ure) S26 x bBo BUR. $8
THE
QueN- Dr ON: Beno Sok es
A
ER Grace the Duchefs Dowager of Athol, near Farnham,
Surry .
Mr. Stanefby Alchorne, Tower, two Setts
Richard Atkinfon, Efq. Fenchurch-ftreet
Mr. George Adams, Fleet-ftreet
Jofeph Allen, M. D. Dulwich
' Edward Archer, M. D. Grays-Inn
- Mr. William Anderfon, Gracechurch-ftreet
Mr. Thomas Armiger, Surgeon, Old Fifh-ftreet
The Apothecaries Company 7n
William Allen, Efg. Davyhulme, Lancashire.
Mr. john Aikin, Surgeon, Warrington
Captain Anningfon ' s
The Right Honourable the Earl of Bute, South Audley-ftreet,
Sir Jofeph Banks, Bart. Soho-fquare
Sir Lambert Blackwell, Bart. Endficld
Mifs Banks
William Vaker, Efq. Hill-ftreet, Berkely-fquare, two Setts
Mrs. Racoael Barclay, Red-Lion-Square
Mr. John Barclay, Queen-ftreet, Cheapfide
Mr. Robert Barclay, Cheapfide
J. Barclay, Efq. Urie, Scotland
Mr Newton Bartlett, | 3mbs-Conduit-ftreet
Mr. Uriah Briftow, Apothecary, Clerkenwell-fquare
Mr. James Bell, Montague-Clofe, Southwark
Mr. George Barrett, Loddon, Norfolk
Mr. James Brougham, Apothecary, Aíkrig, Yorkíhire
Mr. John Brown, Holborn
Mr. John Beaumont, Holborn
Mr. John Burr, Surgeon, Ware
Mr. John Bradney, Apothecary, London.ftrect
Mr. Jofeph Bradney, ‘Tower Royal
Mrs.- Browning, Chelfea
Mr. Burton, Hatton Garden
Mr. Jofeph Beefely, Worcefter
Rey. Richard Bluck, Cambridge
Rev. Dr. Brooke, Cambridge !
Edmund Bott, Efq. Chrift-church, Hampfhire
Bath Society for promoting Agriculture, &c.
John Baker, Efq. Princes- ftreet, Spittalfields
George Buxton, M. D. Greenwich
Rev. Mr. Bagfhaw, Bromley, Kent
Elifha Bifcoe, Efq. Sunning-Houfe, Reading
Mr. Thomas Bowen, Pulham, near Harlefton, Norfolk
Mr. William Boys, Surgeon, Sandwich
Rey. Nicholas Bacon, Coddenham, Suffolk
Britifh Mufeum
Jofeph Beck, Efg. Briftol
Richard Bright, Efg. Briftol
Mr. William Bent, Clerkenwell
John Beevor, M. D. Norwich
Mrs. Brown, Norwich
Mr. George Hollington Barker, Attorney, Birmingham
Mr. Robert Beaumont, Surgeon, Litchfield
Mr. Thomas Bond, Surgeon, Cambridge
Mr, Thomas Baddely, Surgeon, Newport, Shropfhire
Mr. Bowman à
3 Setts
C
The Right Honourable the earl of Clanbraffil
Lady Champneys, Orchardley Houfe, F rome, Somerfetthire
Mr. Richard Clark, Ille of Wight
Samuel Crawley, Efg. Argyle-ftreet
Richard Crawley, Efq.
William Conftable, Efg. Burton-Conftable, Yorkthire
Bloomfbury-fquare
ton
Mr. Jofeph Cockfield, Upton, two fetts
. Mr. John Chorley, Gracechurch-ftroet
Mr. John Crowley, Gracechurch-ftreet
Mr. Thomas Crowley, Camomile-ftreet
Mr. Thomas Collinfon, Lombard-ftreet
Mr. W. S. Cooper, Clerkenwell-fourze
] S Jai
Mr. Loftus Clifford, Surgeon,
Dr. Coyte, Yarmouth
Mr. Cofens, Apothecary, Bagnio-court, Newgate-ftreet
Thomas Gery Cullum, Efq. Bury st. Edmunds
Rev. John Clowes, Reétor of St. John, Manchefter
George Cooke, Efq. Street Thorpe, near Doncafter
Mr. Crifpin, Caftle-yard, Holborn
Thomas Cornewall, Efq. Chart-Park, near Dorking
Peter Calvert, LL.D. Doctors-Commons
Mr. Carter, Halftead, Efílex
A. Caldwell, Efq. Dublin
R. M. Trench Chifweil, Efq. Portland -place
James Crowe, Efq. Norwich
William Cooper, D. D. F. R. S. Archdeacon of York
Mr. R. Carpenter, Surgeon, Lyme Regis, Dorfet
Mr. Chambers, Surgeon, Bromley, Kent
Mansfield, Nottinghamfhire
D
The Honourable Baron T. Dimídale, Hertford
The Honourable Baron N. Dimfdale,
Day, Efq. Effex
Mr. Douglafs, Apothecary, Bedford-fquare
Mr. Downing, Surgeon, Clapton
Mr. Dru Drury, Strand
Mr. Philip Deck, Bookfeller, St, Edmunds Bury
Rev. J. Davies ‘Trinity Colledge, Cambridge
Rey. Mr. Davifen, Carlifle
Mr. John Dyer, Batinghall-ftreet
Rev. Mr. Drake, Grotvenor-fquare
Dr. Dalling, Derby
Phillip Du Val, D. D.
Francis Dalling, Chiflehurft, Kent
Robert Dack, M. D. Norwich
Rev. Mr. Davis, Fellow of Merton Colledge, Oxford
E
Red-lion-fquare
Mrs. Egerton, Oulton Park, Chethire
Thomas Eyre, Efq. Haffop, near Bakewell, Derb
Mr. William Eaton, Yarmouth
ythire, two fetts
Thomas Frankland, Efq. York
George Fordyce, M. D. Effex-ftreet, Strand
Thomas Fonnereau, Efq.
Mr. Field, Apothecary, Newgate-ftreet
Mr. William Fothergill, Carr End, Yorkthire
Mr. Francis Frefhfield, Colchefter
| Mr. William Fowle, Apothecary, Red Lion-fquare
John Fofter, Efg. Dublin
John Ford, Efq. Briftol
Major Ferrand
William Frafer, M. D.
Honourable Mr. Greville, Portman-fquare
Sir John Griffin Griffin, Bart. Audley-End, Effex
Rev. Samuel Goodenough, DD. p. Ealing
William Green, Efq. Lewes, Suffex
Mr. Chapman George, Clements- Inn
Mr. James Gordon, Fenchurch-ftreet
William Mann Godfchall, Efq.
Mr. Gillman, Great Ormond-ftreet
Mr. Bartlett Gurney, Norwich '
Rev. Mr. Goodinge, Leeds
» Ralph Grey, Efq. New Bond-ftreet
H. Grmfton Efq. Northampton
Nich. Gwyn, M. D. Ipfwich
Mr. William Green, Bury
Captain Goffip
. Rt. Honourable Lord Ho
Lady Harris, Finchley
| John Hope, M. D. Prof. of Bot. Edinburgh
William Hunter, M. D. Great Windmill-ftreet
Mr. John Hunter, Surgeon, Jermyn-ftreet
Mr. Harris, Apothecary, Crutched Friars
Mr. Jonathan Hoare, Frederick’s Place, Old Jewry
Mr. Robert Haycock, Wells, Norfolk
Mr. Phillip Hutlock, Surgeon, St. Paulls Church Y;
Jofeph Harford, Efq. Briftol i 75
Mr. Jacob Hagen, Dock-head
Mr. ‘Thomas Henry, Apothecary, Mancheftet
Mr. John Harrifon, Apothecary, Derby
Ó [
we, Grafton-ftreet
THe LIST or SUBSCRIBERS.
Mr. Richard Haworth, Apothecary, Chancery-lane, two fetts
Mr. Robert Holder, Apothecary, Strand .
Mr. Hoblyn, Chrift-church. Oxford
Mr. Thomas Horne, Peckham
Mr. W. Henry Higden, Manchefter-buildings, Weftminfter
Mr. Hingefton, Apothecary, Cheapfide
William Hird, M. D. Leeds
Mr. Thomas Howard, Surgeon, Uxbridge
Rev. Robert Harpur, Britifh Mufeum |
Timothy Hollis, Efq. Greet Ormond-ftreet
A. Hunter, M. D. York
Head, Efq.
Mr. John Hughes, Philpot-lane
Thomas Horner, Efq. Mells-Park,Frome, Somerfet.
Robert Banks Hodgkinfon, Efq. New Burlington-ftreet
Dr. Hairby, Spilfby, Lincolníhire
Robert Hallifax, Efq. Apothecary, St. James's ftreet
John Halliday, Efq. Queen Ann-ftreet, Cavendifh-fquare
Rey. Mr. Holcombe, Pembroke, South Wales
Rev. Mr. Hemming, Twickenham
Jonathan Heywood, Efq.
John Scanderet Harford, Efg. Briftol
Mrs. Harferd, Briftol
Mr. Robert Haynes, Briftol
Leonard Troughear Holmes, Efq. Ifle of Wight
Mr. Thomas Hunt, Harlefton
Hillman, Efg. Eaft Clofe, Hampfhire
I
Mr. Jackfon, Norwich
Mrs. Jones, Hanover-fquare
Robert Jenner, Efg. Doctors Commons
John Ibbettfon, Efq. Greenwich
Mr. John Jones, Wrexham
Mr. J. R. Jacob, Peterborough
Right Honourable Lady King, Dover-ftreet, Piccadilly
Rey. Dr. Kaye, Piccadilly
Mrs. King, Blackheath
Mr. Robert Kerby, Surgeon, Luton
L
Right Honourable Lord Loughborough, Lincolns-Inn-Fields
John Gideon Loten, Efq.
J.C. Lettfom, M. D. Sambrook-Houfe, Bafinghall-ftreet, two fetts
Rev. John Lightfoot, Uxbridge
Mr. James Lee, Hammerfmith
Mr. Longley, Apothecary, Broad ftreet
Mr. Timothy Lane, Apothecary, Alderfgate-ftreet
Rev. Mr. Lort
Rey. James Lambert, M. A. Cambridge
Abraham Ludlow, M. D. Briftol
Mr. Laird, Tokenhoufe- Yard
Mr. Levy, Lincolns-Inn-Fields
Mrs. Mary Leech, Knutsford
Mr. Charles Lightfoot, Surgeon, ied
ar
Right Honourable the Earl of Marchmont, Curzon-ftreet, May-Fair
Right Honourable James Stewart Mackenzie —
Sir William Mufgrave, Bart, Arlington-ftreet, Piccadilly
Mr. Daniel Mildred, Savage Gardens, Tower-hill
Mr. Robert Maddocks, Witney
Mr. Malcolm, Kennington
Benjamin Mee, junior, Efq. Fenchurch-ftreet
Edward Muflenden, Efq.
Rev. Mr. Mills, Norbury, Derbyfhire
Capt. Manly, Woolwich
Mr. Murrell, Cambridge
John Monro, M- D. Bedford-fquare
Mr. Matthews, Shelburne-Houfe
Major Morgan, Litchfield x
His Grace the Duke of Northumberland
Right honourable the Earl of Northington
Dr. William Newcome, Bifhop of Waterford
Mr. Robert R. Newel, Surgeon, Colchefter
Rey. Mr. Newbery, Oxford
William Norford, M. D. St. Edmunds Bury
Mr. Nifbett, Surgeon, Great Marlborough-itreet
O
Craven Ord, Efq. z
Her Grace the Duchefs Dowager of Portland, Privy Gardens, 2 fetts
Right honourable the Earl of Plymouth, Bruton-ftreet -
Honourable Mrs. Pitt, Arlington-ftreet À
Sir James Pennyman, Bart. Park-ftreet, Weftminfter
William Pitcairn, M. D. Warwick Court
Mrs. Petit, Great Marlborough-ftreet
Mr. Richard Prior, Budge-Row
Mr. Giles Powell, Apothecary, South Audley-ftreet
Major Thomas Pearfon
Mr. William Parker, Fleet-ftreet, two fetts
Rev. Mr. Pierfon Coxwold
Mr. Patten, Surgeon, Ratcliffe-crofs
Peachy, Efq. Wimpole-ftreet
Mr, Payne, Pall Mall
Mr. William Pennington, Kendall
Rogers Parker,. Efq. Peterborough
Jofeph Pickford, Efg. Royton
Sir Alexander Ramfay, Bart. Fafque, Scotland
Sir John Ruffell, Bart. Checkers. Bucks
Thomas Ruggles, Efq. Cobham, Surry
Samuel Rudge, Efq. Elftree, near Edgware —
Cornelius Rodes, Eq. Barlborough Hall
John Rawlinfon, M. D. Watling-ftreet
Samuel Charles Reynardfon, Efg. Great Ormend-ftreet
J. Rogers, Efq. Friday-hill Houfe, near Woodford
Rey. Mr. Relhan, A. M. Cambridge
Rev. Peter Rafhleigh, Maidftone
Mr. Samuel Robinfon, St. Thomas Apoftles
Mr. John Ruffel, Lewitham
Colonel Ratcliffe
5
Right Honourable Sir Thomas Sewel
Honourable Lady Stapleton, Grays Court, near Henly
Sir George Saville, Leicefter Fields
D.C. Solander, M. D. Britifh Mufeum
Mr. James Severn, Apothecary, Carnaby-market
Mr. George Stacey, Holborn
Thomas Sykes, Efq. Hackney
Mr. James Smith, Surgeon, Ramfay
Mr. Stevens, Stains
Mrs. Stevenfon, Queen-fquare, Bloomfbury
Richard Saunders, M. D. Spring Gardens
W. Salkeld, Efq. Dorchefter
Mefirs. Simmons and Co. Canterbury
Mr. Wiiliam Sole, Apothecary, Bath
Mr. W. Shrive, Clare, Suffolk
Mr. Robert Simpfon, Apothecary, Briftol
Francis Skipwith, Efq.
Dr. Shaw, Aylefbury, Bucks
Mr. Sibthorpe, junior, Oxford
Mr, Edward Sewel, Cornhill
E. Snelfon, Nantwich
Edward Salway, Efq. near Ludlow, Shropíhire
Mr. William Staniforth, Surgeon, Sheffield, Y orkfhire
am
Honourable Mrs. Talbot, Little Hillingdon, near Uxbridge
Honourable Wilbraham Tollemache, New Norfolk-ftreet
Thomas fofield, Efq, Wilfick, near Doncafter, Y orkíhire
Marmaduke Tunftall, Efq.
Mrs. Towers, Weald-Hall, near Brentwood, Effex
Rev. Mr. La Trobe
Mr. John Talwin, Surgeon, Royfton
Mr. lravis Surgeon, Scarborough
john Til Adams, M. D. Briftol
Mr. Vickeris Taylor
Mr. Torre, Market Lane, St. James’s
R. Tilden, Efq. Milfted, near Sittingboume, Kent
y
Right Honourable Lady Vernon, Portman-fquare
James Vere, Efg. Bifhopfgate-ftreet
Mrs, Vafton, Clapton
Mr. Francis Upham, Apothecary, Greek-ftreet, Soho
W
Right Hon. Lord Willoughby de Broke, Hill-ftreet, Berkeley-fquare
Lady Vifcountefs Weymouth
Honourable and Reverend Mr. Wallop, Wallop near Andover
William Weddel, Efq. Upper Brook-ftreet .
Thomas White, Efg. South Lambeth, two fetts
Mr, William Wooton, Apothecary, Lower Brookeftreet
Mr. John Woodd, Apothecary, Old Burlington-ftreet "
Mr, 'l'homas Willis, Wapping
Rev. Mr. Wood, Iver, Bucks
Mr. Walter Williams, Attorney, Apothecaries- Hall
Mr. William Williams, Apothecary, Briftol
Rey. Edward White, junior, Yarmouth, Norfolk
W, Wooldridge, Efq. Bath
Rev. Dr. Whitfield, Fulham
Rev. Mr. Whitear, St. Clement Haftings, Suffex
Watfon, M. D. Bath j
Thomas Woodward, Efg. Bungay
Rev. Mr. Woodford, Southampton
Mrs. Walker, Southgate
Mr. Wingfield, St. Thomas’s Hofpital
Mr. Winch, Chemift, Hay-market
John Wightwick, Efq. Sandfgate near Chertley
Thomas Walford, Efg. Wifbich-Hall, near Saffron- Walden, Effex
Martin Wall, M. D. Oxford
Mr. Benjamin White, Fleet-ftreet
Mr. Luke White, Dublin
Mr. William Wetherell, Surgeon, Hampftead
Mr. Whiting, Ratcliffe-crofs
Rev. Thomas Walker, L. L. B. Iflington
The Honeurable Thomas acu ‘Temple
William Young, Efq.
Rev, Mr. James Yonge, Purflinch, near Plympton, Devon,
1
BAAN UEM. DEIN VIN SERIEN AN IR ARN AT BN IAN SIN SIN SENA EN SI ENG »
NL ELLE DE ALAA YE AEA AED HH EAE AREAL PAR DAE RAP | HHPI-H FP HUBI- HERE dete i
RIAA RE NRE REE NY EP EEE NEA NO EZ NA NS E e D
Eme oFUXUC tk
LTHOUGH the Author does not here mean to give 4 Preface at large, teferving that until the firít
A volume, containing thirty-fix numbers or two hundred and fixteen plants, thall be compleated; yet he pre-
fumes it will be fatisfactory to his fubfcribers, and the public, to be informed a little more fully of the nature
. and defign of the work; as it will alfo give him an opportunity of anfwering fomie few objections that have
been made to the plan of it.
The primary defign of it then, is to facilitate à kriowledge of the plarits of our own country, arid eftablith
each {pecies and variety on a firm bafis: this the Author confiders as the grand defideratum at prefent; this
arduous tafk once accomplifhed, a way will be opened, and a foundation laid for nugnberlefs improvements
in Medicine, Agriculture, &c. ;
To be enabled to do this, he means to take the predteft pairs in the exainination of thofe plants which
he figures ; to have them drawn from living fpecimens moft expreffive of the general habit or appearance of the plant
as it grows wild; to place éach plant, as much as is confiftent, in the moft pleafing point of view ; and to be very
particular in the delineation and defcription of the feveral parts of the flower and fruit, more efpecially where
they characterize the plant.
And in order that he may obtain a more perfect knowledge of each plant; that he may fee it in every
ftage of its growth, from the germination to the maturity of its feed; that he may compare and contraft the feveral
fpecies together; that he may make experiments to elucidate the nature of fuch as are obfcure, or bring into more
general ufe thofe which bid fair to be of advantage to the public; he is now cultivating each of them in a garden near
thecity, into which, by the kind affiftance of his friends, he has already introduced, in the courfe of one year, about
five hundred different fpecies, including fixty of that moft valuable tribe of plants the graffes.
Although the afcertaining and fixing of the plants will be his principle obje&, yet to make the work more ufefal
to the public, as well as inftructive and entertaining to the young botdnift, his utmoft endeavours will be. ufed to
lay before them whatever may be found u/eful in old botanic writers; and here they muft not be furprized to find
many of the numerous and imaginary virtues, which they attributed to almoft every plant; purpofely omitted: the
difcoveries made by modern authors, particularly relative to Agriculture and Rural Oeconomy, will be carefully attend-
ed to; as here feems to be a field juft opening to view, from whence the public is likely to draw great and lafting
advantages: and as a knowledge of the plants themfelves is firft neceffary, and for want of which, indeed, the expe-
rimental farmer cannot effectually communicate his improvements, he finds himfelf peculiarly happy in contribu
ting his fhare to the public good.
He is neverthelefs fenfible how inadequate his abilities, or indeed the abilities of any one perfon are, to tender a
work of this kind any ways compleat; he therefore re{pectfully folicits the affiftance of thofe, who with well to the
improvement of Ege//f Botany and Englifo Agriculture: any information they fhall be pleafed to communicate, hall
with thofe favours. he has'already received from: divers of his friends, be gratefully acknowledged; and to induce
them the more readily to communicate, he has fubjoined a catalogue of thofe plants which (with many others) are
already drawn, and which he intends fhall form the next Fafciculus,
He is forry it has not been in his power to publifh his numbers fo fat as was originally propofed : the delay has
chiefly been occafioned by the lofs.of one of his principal artifts, whofe place is now fupplied by two others equally
eminent; fo that the drawing and engraving, which before fell to the fhare of one perfon, being now divided bé.
twixt two, he flatters himfelf he thall be able to publith a number once a month, or fix weeks at farthefthe is how-
ever determined never to facrifice the accuracy or utility of the work to hurry—on this principle he has been at the
expence of having fome of his plates pe twice, and even three times over before he could venture to publifh them,
As the delay has originated from this ource, he hopes none of his fubf{cribers that have hitherto fo generoufly contri-
buted to the carrying on of the work, will withdraw that affiftance, which alone cari enable him to profecute
it with advantage to the public, credit to himfelf, and {atisfaction to them. |
It now remains to obviate fome few objections which have been made to the plan of this work; and firft, it has
been fuggefted to the Author, that it would have been better received, if, inftead of purfuing the prefent plan, he
had publifhed thofe plants only which were not figured in the Flora Danica, a work now carrying on in Denmark
under the aufpices of the King : but a few moments reflection, muít he prefumes be fufficient, to convince every
unprejudiced perfon, how inadequate fuch a partial publication would have been to the making a knowledge of the
plants of our country more general among ourfelves—at beft fuch a work could only anfwer the purpofe of thofe
few individuals who are in poffeffion of that part of the Flora Danica already publifhed ; and as that is Hill going on,
there is no doubt but the fame plants would be publifhed by both Authors ; thus; the Buromus umbellatus, Solanum :
Dulcamara, and Ervum birfutum, have been publifhed in the Flora Danica fince they were publifhed. in the Flora
Londinenfis, fo that in the end even thofe perfons would be obliged to purchafe duplicates of the fame plant.
Another reafon why the Author could not adopt the plan propofed to him, was the limited fcale of the Flora Danica,
which contains the figures and names of the plants only, but gives us no account of their properties, nor teaches us
how to difünguifh the difficult plants from one another; the plates likewife being /ma// folio, cannot admit many of
the plants of their natural fize, feveral of the grafles for inftance, as the Feffuca fuitans and Aira aquatica are obliged to
be fo cut and diminifhed as fcarcely to be known. Many other objections might be urged without any view to de-
' preciate a work which, though not fo compleat in fome refpects as could be withed, has exceeding great merit :—but
thefe will probably be deemed fufficient.
| The
Ta! PRE A OE Ue
"The engraving of one plant only on each plate has been another objection which fome have ftrongly urged, while
others havein as warm terms teftified their approbation of it. It may be proper to mention, that whether one or more
had beenengraven on a plate, the difference in the expence would have been trifling, and chiefly in the paper: as they
now are, each is diftin&t, and every one is at liberty to place them according to that fyftem which he moít
approves of.
The want of figures of reference to the plates, or letter-prefs, has been perhaps a more folid obje&ion;
but the Author hopes, that by the ufe of the indexes defcribed below, this alfo will be obviated.
Having now, fo far as he can recollect, anfwered every thing deferving the name of an objection, he willingly
fubmits his performance to the judgment of a candid and impartial public; confcious of having ufed his beft
endeavours to be ferviceablein his department.
Ufes of the Indexes, with Direétions: for Binding.
In the firft Index the plants are placed according to the Syítem of Linnaus, with which it is prefumed,
the greateft part of his fubfcribers are beft acquainted; . To find out any plant, even-though the perfon
be not acquainted with this mode of arrangement, look in the alphabetical Englifh or Latin Index, and you
will find the figures correfponding with them. as placed in the book: if for example I want to find Ivy,
I look for it in Index, No. 3, where the Englifh names are alphabetically arranged, and find it to -be the 16
plate, as there are 72 plates in each Fafciculus, I can readily guefs within a few plates where it is placed: to
thofe who have. been accuftomed. to look out plants in Linnaus’s works.it will come ,eafier; but if each
fubicriber will take the {mall pains of figuring the plates with a black lead pencil, any plant may then be im-
mediately referred to. The Author could not hit on any mode more eligible, confiftent with the irregular
order in which he has been obliged to publifh his plants.
With every third Fafciculus will be given a general and more copious Index, with a Gloffary of the technical
terms ufed in the work. B ne
He would recommend to. his: fubfcribers, that each Fafciculus containing twelve numbers, be dound in boards,
and not cut at the edges; the plates to be placed in the fame order im which they occur im the firft Index; taking
care that each plate be put oppofite tothe letter-prefs belonging to it, with a leaf of thin paper betwixt them.
If any íhould be at a lofs to have them properly done, they will be pleafed to fend them to Raham Reepe’s,
Bookbinder, in Crooked Lane, near the Monument, who bindsthe Author’s.
- N. B. It may be neceffary to caution the Bookbinder againft beating the Numbers, as that operation would
probably deftroy the beauty of the plates.
A
Catalogue of thofe Plants which are zztezded to be Publifhed in the next Fa/ciculus.
Anemone nemorofa.
Adoxa mofchatellina
Ajuga reptans
Aira precox
Arabis thaliana
Arenaria tenuifolta
Achillea Ptarmica
Briza media
Corylus avellana
Cherophyllum fylveftrre -
Convolvulus arvenfis
Circea lutetrana
Chenopodium Vulvaria
Dipfacus fylveftris
Epilobium anguftifolium
Epilobium ramofum
Erica cinerea
Fumaria officinalis
Feftuca duriufcula
Feftuca myuros —
Glechoma hederacea
Geranium molle
Geranium rotundifolium
Geranium perenne
Geranium Columbinum
Hyacinthus non {criptus
Hyofcyamus niger
Hypericum montanum
Hypericum quadrangulum
Hypericum hirfutum
Ilex. Aquifolium
Iris Pfeudacorus
Lamium amplexicaule
Lyfimachia nemorum
Lyfimachia nummularia
. Lyfimachia tenella
Lyfimachia vulgaris
Liguftrum vulgare
Lotus corniculata
Myofurus minimus
Malva officinalis
Malva minor
Medicago lupulina
Ofmunda fpicant
Oxalis acetofella
Orchis Morio
. Ornithopus perpufillus
Plantago lanceolata
Plantago major
Plantago Coronopus
Plantago media
Poa rigida
Poa compreffa
Polygonum amphibium
Polytrichum commune
Ranunculus hirfutus
Ranunculus Ficaria
Sagina erecta
Saxifraga tridactylites
Spergula nodofa
Sedum dafyphyllum
Sedum reflexum
Symphytum officinale
Sparganium erectum
Tuflilago farfara
Tormentilla erecta
Thymus ferpyllum
Trifolium fragiferum
Valeriana dioica
Veronica officinalis
Veronica hederifolia
Veronica. arvenfis
tO oM Ho HU BÁ RR RAD RLeS
ONQ CAI AM BL NH OND CONY AU FL t
In
Sb t HH b
Ux +4 Oo b om
p b
OG C
. Hottonia paluftris
. Solanum Dulcamara
Polygonum minus
29°
. Potentilla reptans
> Antirrhinum | Linaria ——À
' Hypericum pulchrum
Engeron acre —
h NUDISE X Tl
which the Plants contained in the firft Fafciculus are arranged according to the
Syftem of Linnaus.
Latin Name.
Veronica agreftis
Vefonica “Chamaédrys
Veronica ferpyllifolia
Anthoxdnthum odoratum
Aiva. aquatida, *
Poa annua
Feftuca fluitans
Bromus mollis
Brofnus fterilis
Dipfacus pilofus
uH
n
Anagiallis arvenfis
Convolvulus fepium
ade
antur
Lonicera Periclynienum
Hedera Helix ——
Conium maculatum —À
fEthufa Cynapium Rares
Seandix Anthrifcus e
Alüne media
Erica tetralix = ———
Polygonum Biflota |^ ^^ ——-——
Polygonum Perficaria = = ——
Polygonum Pentylvanicum
Polygonum var. caule maculato
Polygonum Hydropiper
Polygonum aviculare
Butomus umbellatus NN
Saxifraga granulata ——
Sedum album —
Sedum aére 8 =—=
Lychnis Flos Cuculi. ——
Ceraftiumi. aquaticüm - ; —
Euphorbia peplus ———
Euphorbia Heliofcopia ———
Ranunculus bulbofus
Ranunculus acris ^ ———
Caltha paluftris —
Verbeha officiralis ^^ —
Lamium rubrum ——
Thymus acirios m
Euphrafia' Odontites —
Antirrhinum Cymbalaria C —
Antirrhinum Elatine —
Digitalis purpurea
Draba verna —
Thlafpi Burfa Paftoris - —
Geranium’ Cicütarium s
Geranium robertianum Jem
. Orobus tuberófus o ———
Ervum ‘hirfutum
Ervum tetrafpermum
Hypericum’ perforatum ——
Leontodon : Taraxacum —
Lapfana commünis —À
Bencgios Valdas T — Q1 DE
Bellis perennis —
Viola odorata —
Viola hirta — alae
Viola tricolor —
Ophrys Apifera | — aae:
Afplenium Scolopendrium RI
Polypodium vulgare = ee
Bryum fcoparium Es rs
Bryum undulatum — Sr
Bryum hornum — — Keg
Hypnum proliferum WV om med
nut wg Phi
Clafs and Order.
DIANDRIA Monogynia.
Dianpria ,Digynia.
TrRIANDRIA Digynia,
'Ól'ETRANDRIA Monogynia.
PENTANDRIA Monogynia:
PENTANDRIA Dygynia.
PENTANDRIA Trigynia.
OcTanvria Monogynia;
OcTrANDRIA Digynia aut Ti rigynia.
ENNEANDRIA Hexagynia.
Decanpria Digynia.
Decanprid Pentagynia.
DECANDRIA Pentagynia.
Dopecannria Trigynia.
Icosanpria Polygynia.
PoLyANDRIA Polygynias
DIDYNAMIA Gymnofpermias
Dipynamia Angiofpermia.
TErRaADyNamia SWiculofa;
MowaApnErLPHrA Decandria:
DriADpELPArA Decandria.
PorvApELPHIA Polyandria:
SYNGENESIA Polygamia 4Equalis;
SYNGENESIA Polygamia Superflua.
SYNGENESIA Monogamia:
Gynanpria Diandria.
CnvPrOGAMIA Filices,
Cryprocamia Mif.
4
| ND'E X K
In which the Latin Names of the Plants
are arranged Alphabetically.
Plate.
Anthoxanthum odoratum " é . 4.
Aira aquatica : ‘ bd , Up e
Anagallis arvenfis . 3 ' . 12
Alfine media : ‘ 20
Antirrhinum Cymbalaria : : : 45
Antirrhinum Elatine , à ; «. 46
Antirrhinum Linaria j " , : 47
Afplenium Scolopendrium 67
AEthufa Cynapium : ; : exp vane
Bromus mollis ' " : . 8
Bromus fterilis A : ; i 9
Butomus umbellatus , : : SM.
Bellis perennis : , . 62.
Bryum {coparium : . ; : | 69
Bryum undulatum 70
Bryum hornum . 1 ; 71
Convolvulus Sepium 13
Conium maculatum . s : Sir 27
Ceraftium aquaticum , : : 34
Caltha paluftris : T" Oo
Draba verna . , 49
Digitalis purpurea ; : : 48
Dipfacus pilofus 1o
Erica tetralix : B. Nri . 21
Euphorbia . Peplus 5 . 25
Euphorbia Heliofcopia 5 à 36
Yuphrafia Odontites 3 à 5 oe
Ervum hirfutum A : : 54
Ervum tetrafpermum ids
Erigeron acre : - M à » 60
Feftuca iluitans Jun : " ; eh
Geranium cicutarium d à qe ET
Geranium robertianum ; ; . 52
Hottonia paluftris à ba : II
Hedera Helix : : es , 16
Hypericum pulchrum : MN: 56.
Hypericum perforatum 4 : i)
Hypnum proliferum 5 . ‘ "o
Lonicera Periclymenum 15
Lychnis Flos Cuculi 33
Lamium rubrum 42
Leontodon ‘Taraxacum - 58
Lapfana communis , ^ : . 59
Orobus tuberofus 1 4 " ON
Ophrys apifera ‘ =) « 66
Poa annua ; : : S : 6
Polygonum Biftorta ' 22
Polygonum Perficaria ; 23
Polygonum Penfylvanicum NS . 24.
Polygonum var. caule maculato : » eu ME
Polygonum Hydropiper é « 26
Polygonum aviculare , , QU
Polygonum minus : 28
Potentila reptans "vi
Polypodium vulgare 68
Ranunculus bulbofus : 3 . 38
Ranunculus acris ; j , . 39
Solanum Dulcamara . " . : I4
Scandix. Anthrifcus , : : «v dg
Saxifraga granulata : 3o
Sedum album at ; " 31
Sedum acre : 22
Senecio vulgaris ; 15 Me 7 No
Thymus acinos ; , : E 42
Thiafpi Burfa Paftoris 50
Veronica agreftis : : ; ; I
Veronica Chameedrys / ; : PIX
Veronica ferpyllifolia : . . . 3
Verbena officinalis ^ a , 41
Viola. odorata : ; TER FT 63
Viola hirta n f ' " A
Viola tricolor : i , 65
Plate.
Aira fweet tafted water & . « 5
Brome-Grass foft é . : j 8
Brome-Grass barren 9
BnyvM broom i " : . - , 69
Bryum curled . . i 2 70
Bryum fwan's-neck i Us . Ni!
BisroRT common : l|; : 5 22
Crane’s-BILL hemlock-leaved ; a * 51
CnAxE's-BiLL ftinking or herb Robert ; 2
CymBALARIA Ivy-leaved SX. e. . 45
CHICKWEED common : . ° ‘ 20
CowvorLvuLvus large white . : : 13
CiNQUEFOIL common ‘ . 37
CnowrooT round-rooted " . . 38
CrowFoot upright meadow " * 39
Datsy, common, : . . 62
DnABA, vernal, , : 49
Dgap-NrgTTLE purple . . . 2
DANDELION common . . 58
EvzsniGHT red . . : $7. Ad
ERIGERON purple . : : . 6o
FrowERING-RuvSH . " j 29.
Foors-PaARnsLEY ir Nn" - ; 18
FrvELLIN fharp-pointed gage ^ 46
FoxGLove purple 3 ] " : 48
Fescue-Grass flote : 1 n 2:
GROUNDSELL common ; i ‘ oe Ae
HARTS-TONGUE ‘ P E ; 6^
HEMLOCK ~ SE eng , Tee! 12
Hears crofs-leaved - ; : 2I
HorTONIA water "Ie m ; ; II
Hyrnum proliferous ° : ‘ 72
HoNEYsUCKLE common ‘ bu 5411 JE
Ivy "n : ak ; * 16
KNoT-GRASS common . ^' , " . 27
MovsEan-CuickwEED maríh : : " 34
Mansu-ManiGorp ; , : 40
NiPPLEÉWwORT common À - 4 $i dn
NiGHtTsHADE woody j , or hs
Orcuts Bee ; s : : 66
PIMPERNEL common : . . I2
PINK meadow * . , 22d 32
PEA wood : à ^ . ‘ S
Poa common dwarf " : : o
Persicaria {potted lcaved : : 23
Perstcaria pale flowered : e. : 24.
Persicaria {potted ftalk’d 26
PERSICARIA biting : . ; . + 126
Persicaria {mall creeping : , 28
PoLypopy common : ; is . " 68
PawstE wild ; : : : 65
SPURGE {mall garden : . " 45
SrunGE fun : , à 36
ST. Joun’s-Worr finall upright : 56
ST. Joun’s-Wort common . . . 57
SCANDIX rough-feeded : ; : 19
SAXIFRAGE white , : . 20.
STONECROP white flowered : : ar
STONECROP common yellow . Eo
SHEPHERDS-PursE | [ : Teg SO
SPEEDWELL procumbent garden . ‘ I
SPEEDWELL germander-leaved , 2
SPEEDWELL i{mooth-leaved . 3
T'INE-TARE rough podded , CF P 54.
TINE-FARE Ímooth podded : : ; 55
TEASEL {mall : : A ^ Io
Toap FLAX common yellow | . 47
TuvwE bafil / ^ ‘ A
Vernat-Grass fweet-fcented à '. ,
VERVAIN , : ; ‘ « ft
| VIOLET Íweet-fcented . « «y (OR
| VIOLET hairy . : . . 94.
»
* +
INDEX
In which the Englifh Names of the
Plants are arranged Alphabetically.
Il.
i». Aon | "
VR w/^ inem
Pane ae
"T 4 ubi
Vd Pra Dd
Y fay AAW
VERONICA AGRESTIS PROCUMBENT
GARDEN-SPEEDWELL.
VERONICA Linnei Gen. PI. DraAwNDRIA MoNOGYNIA.
r
Rai. Syn. Gen. 18. HERBE FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO.
VERONICA agreofis, floribus folitariis, pedunculatis ; foliis cordatis incifis, petiolatis ; caule procumbente.
VERONICA agreflis, floribus folitariis, folus cordatis incifis pedunculo brevioribus. Linnei Sy. Vegetab. p» 56.
VERONICA floribus folitariis, folis cordatis incifis petiolatis. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 6. | !
VERONICA caule procumbente ; folus petiolatis, ovatis, crenatis. Haller. Hif. V. 1. m. 594.
VERONICA agrefus. Scopoli. Fl. Carn. p. 21 Dtacn. -Primiflora ? folus ovato-cordatis, crenatis, pedun-
culo brevioribus.
VERONICA floribus fingularibus, in oblongis pediculis, Chamedryfolia. Rai. Sym. p. 279. Germander-
Speedwell or Chickweed.
ALSINE folis Triflaginis: Gerard. emac. 616. Parkinfon. 764.
ALSINE Chameedryfolia flofculis pediculis oblongis infidentibus. .-Bawbin. Pim. 250. Oeder. Fl. Dan. Icon. 449.
RADIX annua, fibrofa.
CAULES plures, primum erecti, tandem procumbentes,
femipedales, fubvillofi, teretes.
FOLIA alterna, ovato-cordata, ferrata, petiolis brevibus
infidentia, fubhirfuta.
FLORES pedunculati, pedunculi axillares, longitudine
fere foliorum, poít florescentiam reflex.
ROOT annual and fibrous.
STALKS feveral, firft upright, then procambent, about
fixinchesin length, round and femewhat villous.
LEAVES alternate, of an oval-heart Íhape, ferrated,
placed on fhort foot-ftalks and flightly hairy.
FLOWERS placed on foot-ftalks, which proceed from
the Axille ofthe leaves and are nearly of the
fame length; after the flowers are gone off
turning back.
CALYX:a PznrANTHIUM divided into four laciniz,
which are lanceolate, hairy, and fomewhat
twifled, ffe. 1.
COROLLA monopetalous, fomewhat wheel-fhaped and
fhorter than the Calyx, falling off on the leaft
touch; the rv2E very fhort; the Laciniz
concave, and roundifh, fometimes wholly blue,
fometimes ftriped with blue, fig. 2.
STAMINA: two Finamenrts of a white colour and
thickeft in the middle; Anruer# blueith,
D
CALYX: PEenrANTHIUM quadripartitum, laciniis lance-
olatis, hirfutis, fubtortuofis, fig. 1.
COROLLA monopetala, fubrotata, calyce brevior, le-
viffimo fere tactu decidua; TuBvs breviffimus ;
LACINIE concave, fubrotunde, nunc penitus
coerulez, nunc venis coeruleis ftriate, jig. 2.
STAMINA: FiLAMENTA duo, alba, medio craffiora ;
ANTHERE coeruleícentes, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM: Germen fubcompreffum, hirfutulum, bafi
nectario cinctum ; STYLUS viridis, apice incraffa-
tus, ftaminibus brevior ; STiGMA album, capi-
tatum, fig. 4.
PERICARPIUM Caesurz Feromice ferpyllifolia fimi-
lis, atmajor rotundiorque, fig. 5. .
SEMINA pallide fufca, plerumque 6 in fingulo locula-
mento, rugofa, hinc convexa, inde concava, fig. 6.
fea Be
PISTILLUM: Geamen faüttifh, a little hairy and fur-
. rounded at bottom by a Ne&arium ; the Styne
green, thickeft at top, and fhorter than the
Stamina; STIGMA roundifh and white, fig. 4.
SEED-VESSEL a. Capsure like that of the Veronica
Jerpyllifolia, but larger and rounder, fg. 5.
SEEDS ofa pale brown colour, generally 6 in each cavity,
wrinkled, convex on one fide and hollow on the.
other, jig. 6.
THERE are few Botanifts but what are apt to confound this fpecies of Veronica with the Veronica arvenfis,
and this appears to arife in fome degree from their fimilarity to each other, but more. perhaps from te fimi-
" htude of their Latin, and the ambiguity of their Englifh names. To prevent in fome degree this confufion,
I have taken the liberty of altering the Englifh name of. Germander-Speedwell or Chickweed to that of
procumbent garden Speedwell, in order that the young Botanift may thereby more readily difünguifh it from the
{pecies above mentioned. The ftalks of the 4ereffós are ufually procumbent, and it is found generally in Gar-
dens; whereas the Arvenfis has an upright ftalk, and with us is found moft commonly on Walls. Befides fuch obvi-
oufly difünguifhing characters, thele two plants diflerconfiderablyin many other refpe&ts. In the Arvenfis the
leaves are feflile, in this they are placed on footftalks; in the Arvenfis the flowers are feflile, in this fpecies
they likewife, are placed on foot-ftalks: and a difference ftill more remarkable, or atleaft more curious, exifts,
which feems not to have been attended to, viz. the largenefs and roundnefs of the feed-veflcls, and the particu-
lar ftructure of the feed. In moít of the Veronicas the feed-veffel is heart-fhaped, and even in this fpecies it re-
tains fomewhat of that form, although each of the Cavities is large and rousd; and if we examine the form
. of the feeds, we fhall not wonder at this particular conflruétion, for each feed inftead of being {mall and flat
as in other Veronicas, is large, convex on one fide, hollow on the other, and wholly different in its appearance.
This peculiarity of ftru&ure, fhows what inconftancy there is in the parts of fructification, and how improper
, it would be to found a Genus on the particular form of any one of them, fince thofe which are in general
the moft uniform, are fometimes fubjec to fuch uncommon variations. The number of feeds in each Capfule
is generally about 12, Liww vs fhys 8, Scorori from 16 to 20.
This fpecies grows frequently in Gardens, and flowers through moft of the fummer montbs. No particular
virtues or ufes are attributed to it.
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Veronica Cusamaprys, Witp GERMANDER.
VERONICA Linnezi Gen. Pl. DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
Rai Syn, Gen. 18. IIERBJE FRUCTU sICCO SINGULARI, FLORE MONOPETALO.
VERONICA Chamedrys racemis lateralibus, foliis ovatis rugofis dentatis feffilibus, caule bifariam pilofo. Lm,
Sy. Fegetab. 5. 57. Fl. Suecic. p. 6.
VERONICA foliis cordatis fubrotundis, hirfutis, nervofis, ex alis racemofa, Haller. bif. ". 536,
CHAMZDRYS fpuria minor rotundifolia. Baubin. pin. 249.
CHANUEDRYS fpuria fylveftris. Parkinjon, 107.
CHAMEDRYS fylveftris. Gerard. emac. 657. Raii Sym. 281. Wild Germander, Hudfon. Fl. Angl. De &
Scopoli. Fl. Carniol. p. 15. (a) Older Fl. Dan. icon. 448.
RADIX perennis, repens, fibrofa, ? ROOT perennial, creeping, and fibrous,
STALKS numerous, {preading, round, hard, hairy on
CAULES numerofi, decumbentes, teretes, duri, bifariam
each fide, hairs very thick together, branched,
denfe hirfuti, ramofi.
LEAVES of an heart fhaped oval form, oppofite, genes
rally teffile, fometimes ftanding on fhort foot-
ftalks, ferrated, veiny, and flightly hirfute,
FOLIA cordato-ovata, oppofita, nunc feffilia nunc petiolis
brevibus infidentia, ferrata, venofa, hirfutula,
BRACTJEA lanceolata fuffulti; nAcEM: longi, forming long RACEMI (which are fometimes
nunc oppofiti nunc folitaril. oppofite, fometimes ingle), ftanding on foot.
Jfralks, each of which is fupported by a long-
pointed BRACT AA. |
CALYX: a Pertanruium divided into four fegments,
and continuing, the fegments lanceolate and
CALYX PrniANTHIUM quadripartitum, perfiftens, fo-
M
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M
M
Y
Y
M
M
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FLORES numerofi, ad 20, czrulei, petiolati: Petioli $ FLOWERS numerous, to 20, of a bright blue colour,
e Y
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liolis lanceolatis, hirfutulis, ffe. 1. i
i flightly hairy, jig. 1.
COROLLA monopetala, rotata, tubus breviffimus in- j COROLLA monopetalous and wheel fhaped, the rune
terné ad inferiorem partem villofus, LrmBo qua- Y very fhort, internally villous on the lowermoft
dripartito, plano, laciniis fubcordatis ad bafin i fide, the Limp flat, and.divided into four feg-
venis faturatioribus ftriatis, inferiore anguftiore, ¥ ments, the fegments fomewhat heart-fhaped,
Jis. 3. i 5 ftriated at bottom with veins of a purple colour,
Y the lowermoft feement narrower than the reff,
i » Jig. 2,
STAMINA: FILAMENTA duo apice incraffata, adfcen- 3 SIAMINA: two FILAMENTS, thickeft at top, rifing
dentia, fig. 3. | ANTHERJE fagittate, fig. 4. Y upward, fe. 3. the Aw THER X arrow-fhaped,
PoLLEN album, jig. 6. j Jig. 4, the PoLLen white. D
| :
PISTILLUM : GERMEN compreffum glandula ne&ari- i PISTILLUM : the Gzg MEN flattifh, fuerounded at bot-
fera cinctum: Sryzus declinatus, czruleícens, Y tom by a nectariferous gland, fig. 6. the Styne
Stigma obtufum, purpureum, frg. c. i hanging downwards, blueifh; the STIGMA
i blunt, and purple, fig, n
PERICARPIUM : CarsurA cordata, Jubeomprepfa, i SEED-VESSEL: a Carsurz, heart-fhaped, fla///h, ofa
pallide fufca, calyce paulo brevior, ad marginem $ light brown colour, a little fhorter than the calyx,
hirfutulum, fg. 7. i and lightly hairy at the edge, Kg. 7.
SEMINA ; plura, comprefía, flavefcentia, ffr. 8. i SEEDS feveral, flat, of a yellowifh brown colour, fig. 8,
The flowers of this Veronica are the largeft and moft fpecious of all the Plants of that Genus which grow wild in
this Kingdom ; many plants with lefs beauty are cultivated in our Gardens with the greateft care,
‘The leaves have been recommended by fome writers as a fubftitute for Tea,
Seed-veffels and the great number of flowers which it bearson its Racemi. See Jacquin. Flor, Aufiriac. Fol. 2.
It bears a confiderable refemblance to the Veronica montana, but differs effentially from that plant in the fize of its
When growing wild the leaves are ufually feffile or placed on yery fhort foot-ftalks, when cultivated they become
larger and. the foot-ftalks moderately long; a kind of monftrofity, which Linnzus has likewife obferved, is very
frequent on the leaves at the extremity of the ftalk ; which are colle&ed into a very hairy white knob, on opening
one of thefe I found two or three Infe&s in their Pupa or Chryfalis ftate, which moft probably would have produced
fome fpecies of Fly. ‘This appearance is very common at the latter end of Summer. |
This is an early blowing plant, and stows very common on dry banks, under hedges, and in orchards; it flowers
in May and June. 3H |
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VERONICA SERPYLLIFOLIA. LITTLE SMOOTH SPEEDWELL,
on Paus Tom POM,
Linnei Gen, PL Dtanprra Monocynta.
HERBJE FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI, FLORE MONOPETALO,
Jerpyllifolia vacemo terminali fubfpicato, folüs ovatis glabris, crenatis. Linnai Syf. Vegetab. A.
caule recto, folüs ovatis, glabris, crenatis, petiolis ex alis unifloris, breviffimis, Haller hift. n. 546.
VERONICA
Rai Syn. Gen. x8.
VERONICA
56. Fl. Suecic. p. 6.
VERONICA
VERONICA pratenfis ferpyllifolia. Bauhin Pin. 247.
VERONICA pratenfis minor. Parkinfon. Ee
VERONICA minor, Gerard emac. 627.
VERONICA foemina quibufdam, aliis Betonica Pauli Serpyllifolia. 4. Baubin. III. 28s.
VERONICA
OEder Fl. Dan. icon, 492.
RADIX perennis, fibrofifima.
CAULES numerofi, ad bafir repentes, dein ereQü, fim.
plices, palmares, teretes, leves.
FOLIA oppofita, fubconnata, fubrotundo-ovata, rarifer
et obfolete ferrata, glabra, trinervia.
FLORES albi, venis ceruleis picti, fpicati, pedunculati,
alterni, BnAcTEJE magne, ovate.
CALYX: Perianruium quadripartitum, laciniis ovato-
acutis, glabris, jig. 1.
COROLLA monopetala, rotata; tubus breviffimus ; la-
cinize fubcordatze, inferiore angufhore ; fuperiore
lacinià ftriis aut venis purpureis octo notata,
lateralibus venis duabus, inferiore penitus alba,
f. Ze
STAMINA: FILAMENTA duo, alba, apice incraffata,
Jg. 5, C. ANTHERZ cerulefcentes.
PISTILLUM: Germen fubcompreflum, Sryxus albus,
apice paululum incraflatus, perfiftens. Sriema
capitatum, rubens, fig. 3.
MECTARIUM ad bafin germinis, ut in Veronica Cha-
meedrys.
PERICARPIUM : Capstia fubcordata, fufca, pro
magnitudine plantz magna, fig. 4.
SEMINA plurima, 60 numeravi, e luteo-fufca, fub-ova-
ta, fe 8. |
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ROOT perennial, and very fibrous.
STALKS numerous, creeping at bottom, then growin
upright, fimple, three or four inches high,
round and imooth.
LEAVES oppofite, nearly uniting at bottom, of a round-
ifo-oval form, bere end there fightly ferrated, fmootb
and trinervous.
FLOWERS white, coloured with blue veins or firipes,
erowing in {pikes on foot-flalks alternately.
FLORAL LEAVES large and oval.
CALYX: A Prertantuium divided into four parts,
. the Segments of an oval pointed fhape, and
Ímooth, fig. 1.
COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-fhaped, the tube very
Íhort, the fegments fomewhat heart-fhaped, the
lowerone narroweft ; the upper fegment marked
with eight purple veins or ftripes, the fide ones
with two, and the lower one entirely white fig. 2.
STAMINA: two FiLAMENTSs, white and thickifh to-
wards the extremity; the ANTHER#@ blueifh
Jg. 5,6. —
PISTILLUM: the GERMEN flattifh, the SrvrE white,
a httle thicker towards the extremity, and con-
tinuing. STIGMA roundifh, and of a redifh
colour, jig. 3.
NECTARY atthe bottom of the Germen as in the Ve-
ronica Chamzdrys.
SEED-VESSEL : a Capsute fomewhat heart-fhaped,
ofa brown colour, and large in proportion to
the plant, fig. 4.
SEEDS numerous, of a yellowifh brown colour, and
fomewhat oval fhape, fg. 8. We counted 6o
in one capfule.
No particular virtues are attributed to this little plant by Writers.
It is one of the leaft of the Veronicas, and occurs frequently in Meadows and Fields,
flowering in the Spring and Autumnal Months.
There is a great deal of delicacy in its blofloms,
for the Garden.
and fometimes in Gardens,
but they are too minute to make its beauty confpicuous enough
Its fmall, round, ímooth and fhining leaves readily diftinguifh it from the other Speedwells.
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ANTHOXANTHUM ODORATUM. SWEET-SCENTED
on VERNAL GRASS.
ANTHOXANTHUM Lima: Gen. P. Dianpr1a DiGynia.
Calyx. Gluma bivalvis, uniflora. Corolla. Gluma bivalvis, acu-
minata. Semen unicum.
Rai Synop. Gen. 27. HERBHE GRAMINIFOLIZ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERZ.
ANTHOXANTHUM odoratum {pica oblonga, ovata, laxa.
ANTHOXANTHUM odoratum fpica oblonga, ovata, flofcuhis fubpedunculatis arifta longioribus, Lzzzzi Syff,
Vegetab. b. 67. Fil. Suecic, No. 33.
AVENA diantha, folliculo villofo, calycis glumis inzequalibus, altera de imo dorfo, altera de fummo
ariftata. Haller. bif. helv. No. 1491.
ANTHOXANTHUM odoratum Scopoli Fl. Carmol. No. 38. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 10. Stiliing fleet mifcel,
Loi. Schreber Gram. tab, 5. $. 49. Py iss
GRAMEN pratenfe fpica flavefcente. Bauhin. Pin. 3.
GRAMEN vernum fpica brevi laxa, Raw Syn. 389. Scheuch. bifi. 88.
RADIX perennis, fibrofa.
CULMI primum obliqui, demum erecti, dodrantales aut
edales.
FOLIA inter digitos attrita odorem Afperule odorate
{pargunt, plerumque pubeícentia, fpe leniter
tortuofa, membraná ad bafin inftru&ta, Vagina
ftriata, lzvis.
SPICJE oblongo-ovatz, laxz,
CALYX: GrvMa bivalvis, Valvulis inzqualibus, infe-
riore dimido breviore, membranacea, acuta,
fuperiore acuminata, nervis tribus viridibus ex-
tantibus, jig. 3, 2.
COROLLA : GrvMA bivalvis, valvule fubzquales, mem-
branacez, pilofce ariftate, fufcae; altera Arifta
que demum geniculata fit, prope bafin exíurgit,
altera prope apicem, Jig. 4.
ROOT perennial and fibrous.
STALKS at firft growing obliquely, finally becoming up-
right, ufually from 8 to 12 inches high.
LEAVES, if rubbed betwixt the fingers, fmelling like
Woodroff, generally pubefcent and often curled,
furnifhed with a membrane at bottom ; the
Sheath ftriated and fmooth.
SPIKES of an oblong oval fhape and fmooth. |
CALYX: a GLuME oftwo Valves, the Valves unequal,
the lowermoft fhorter by one half, membranous
and acute; the uppermoft acuminated, with
three ftrong nerves or ribs, ffe. 2, 2:
COROLLA: a GruME of two Valves, the Valves near-
ly equal, membranous, hairy, of a brown colour,
and furnifhed with Arifta, one of the Ariftz,
which finally becomes bent, fprings from the
bafe of the Valve, the other aimoft at the top,
Jig. 4.
NECTARIUM: two fmall, pellucid, fhining, oval, un;
equal Glumes or Valves inclofing the Germen,
fiz. 53061
STAMINA : two FriLAMENTS verylong; ANTHERE
long, purple, forked at each end, fie. 5.
PISTILLUM : Germen very fmall, of an oblong oval
fhape; STYLEs two, flender, longer than the
valves, and towards the top a httle feathered,
NECTARIUM: GzrzvwvrLz due, pellucide, nitide,
ovate, inzquales, germen imcludentes, fig. 5, 6.
STAMINA: Firamenta duo prelonga; ANTHERA
oblong, purpurez, utrinque furcate, fig. 5.
PISTILLUM : GEeznMEN minimum oblongo-ovatum ;
StyLi duo ffformes glumilongiores, verfus a-
picem. plumulofe, ffe. 7.
Jg. 7. "tL. 14
SEED fingle, inclofed within its brown, fhining Necta-
SEMEN unicum, Neétario fufco, nitido, inclufum, fg .8.
rium, jig. 8,
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THE Anthoxanthum is diftinguifhed from the other Grafles by a very fingular circumftance, viz. that of having only
two Stamina, fig. 1. hence itis placed by Linn#us among the Diandrous plants, and feparated from all the other
Graffes; this peculiarity, although it occafions a feparation which does violence as it were to Nature, yet it ferves in
avery ftriking manner to difcriminate this Genus from a numerous and difficult tribe of plants: exclufive of this fingu-
larity, it differs alfo very effentially in the other parts ofits fructification ; each ofthe Spiculz contains in common
with many other graffes, only one flower, fig. 1: one of the Glume Calycine, or valves of the Calyx, is fmall and
membranous, fg. 35 the other is large, and inclofes, or wraps up in it, asit were, the whole of the fructification,
fig. 25 thefe glumes, fo far as I have obferved, do not open and expand themfelves in the manner obfervable in the
Avena’s,and many other graffes, were they feparate quite wide, and expofe their little feathery Styles ; but the Stamina
and Piftilla appear to pufh themfelves out, the glumes remaining clofed, fig. 1. The Glume Corollacee are very dif-
fimilar to thofe of mof other graffes, being remarkably hairy, and having each of them an Arifta, the longeft of which
{prings from near the bafe of the glume, is at firft ftraight, butas the feed becomes ripe, the top of it is generally bent
horizontally inward; the other Arifta arifes from near the top of the oppofite Glumeor Valve, fg, 4, ‘The G/z-
mule Ne&arii or little Glumes of the Ne&arium, differ no lefs in their ftru&ture, being compofed of two little oval
fhining Valves, one of which is fmaller than the other ; thefe clofely embrace the Germen, and cannot be feen but with
great difficulty, unlefs they are obferved juft at the time that the Antherz are protruding from betwixt them, when
they are very diftinct, fiz. 6; as foon asthe Antherz are excluded, they again clofe on the Germen, and continue to |
form a coat to the feed which does not feparate. fig. 5, 8.
The Farmer, or thofe who have not been accuftomed to examine plants minutely, may readily diftinguith this grafs
by its {mell ; if the leaves are rubbed betwixt the fingers, they impart a grateful odour like that of Woodruff,—hence
I have called it fweet-{fcented. T Nw a7 4 .
Like the Trifolium repens or Dutch Clover, and many others of our moft ufeful plants, this Grafs grows on almoft
every kind of foil, from the pooreft and drieft, to the moft fertile and boggy ; it feems however in general to prefer a
{oil that is moderately dry. It is fubje&, like all other plants, to vary in its fize, according to the goodnefs of the
ground it grows in: the leaves have a particular tendency to be curled if the foil be rich; and when it grows in woods,
the {pikes are often much fienderer and loofer.
It has been called by fome Authors Vernal or Spring Grafs, from its coming into ear earlier than moft others; towards the
middle of May it is in full bloom, and about the middle of June the feed 1s ripe—and may be eafily feparated on rub-
bing.
There is great reafon to believe, that this is one of our Graffes which might be cultivated with confiderable advan-
tage: in the meadows about town it grows to a confiderable height, and forms a thick tuft of leaves at bottom 5 but
the circumftance moft in its favour, is its early appearance in the Spring: this feems to point it out asa proper graís
to fow with others in laying down meadow land, and probably the Poa trivialis or common Meadow Grafs, with the
Feftuca elatior or Meadow Fefcue joined to it, would forma mixture, the produce of which, would for this purpote,
be fuperior to that of moft others. |
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Ara AQUATICA. Sweer-tasteD Warer Aura.
AIRA Linnei Gen. Pl. 'TRranpR1A DIGyYNIA.
Cal. 2 valvis, 2 florus, Flofculi abíque interjeCto rudimento,
Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERB GRAMINIFOLIA® FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFER J£.
AIRA aquatica panicula patente, floribus muticis levibus calyce longioribus, folüs planis. Lime; Swf.
Vegeta. p. 96. Fl, Suecic. No. 68.
POA locuftis bifloris ; glabris, florali gluma majori plicata, ferrata, Haller 2f. No. 1471.
AIRA aquatica Scopoli Fl. Carniol. 94. Hudfon Fl. Angl. 29. —
AIRA culmo inferiore repente, flofculis muticis calyce longioribus, altero pedunculato. Roy. lugdb. 62.
GRAMEN caninum fupinum paniculatum dulce. Bauhin Pim. 2.
GRAMEN miliaceum aquaticum. Razz Sys. 402. Scheuz. agr. 218.
GRAMEN miliceum fluitans fuavis faporis. Merret. Pin.
RADIX perennis, :
CULMUS bafi repit, furculofque emittit more Feftuce
fluitantis qui longe excurrunt et ad geniculos
radiculas plures albas dimittunt ; culmusdemum
erigitur, pedalis circiter, teres, erectus, fiftulo-
fus, terier.
ROOT? perennial.
STALK creeps at bottom, and fends out young fhoots
like the Flote Fefcue grafs, which run out to
a confiderable diftance, and fend down {mall
white roots at the joints ; it then becomes erect,
grows to about a foot in height, is round, hol-
low, and tender.
LEAVES broadifh, tender, ímooth, carinated, the
fheaths ftriated, red at bottom, particularly
in the young {fhoots.
PANICLE upright, fpreading, loofe; branches feve-
ral, proceeding. from one point, frequently
crooked.
SPICULAE generally contain two flowers, one of which
is feffile, and the other ftands on a foot-ftalk,
purple, the tips white, fg. 1.
CALYX: a GrvME of two valvess the valves unequal,
purple, {mooth, and much fhorter than the
Corolla, ffe. 2
COROLLA : a GruMs of two valves, the valves equal,
as if cut offat top, folded or angular, ffs. 3.
STAMINA : three capillary FiLAMEN Ts the length of
the Corolla; ANTHER yellow, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM : GznMEN oval; SryrEs two and fea-
thery, jig. 4.
NECTARY two very minute GrLuwEs at the bottom of
the Germen, fig. c.
SEED oval, clofely contained within the Glumes, fg. 7.
FOLIA latiufcula, tenera, levia, carinata, vaginz ftria-
tz, ad bafin rubra precipue in furculis.
PANICULA erecta, diffufa, laxa, racemi plures ex
uno pun&o, fepe flexuofi.
SPICULZ plerumque biflores, flofcalo uno feffili, alte-
ro pedunculato, purpurei, apicibus albidis, fig. 1.
CALYX : GruMwA iy ales) valvulis ineequalibus, pur-
pureis, lxvibus, Corolla multo brevioribus, fig. 2.
COROLLA: GrvMa bivalvis, valvulis qualibus, fub-
| * truncatis, plicatis five angulatis, fig. 3. -
STAMINA: FirAMENTA tria capillaria, longitudine
Corolle; AwTHBEREfÍlvz, fig. 3. .
PISTILLUM : GERMEN ovatum; STYLI duo plumofi,
Jg. 4.
NECTARIUM QGrvuwvuLE due minime ad bafin
Germinis, fig. 5.
SEMEN ovatum, intra Glumas arcte claufum, fig. 7.
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The farce foil and fituation which produces the Fefuca fluitans, is productive alfo of this grafs; they both grow
in gently flowing ftreams, or in wet boggy meadows ; this circumftance may ferve among others to diftinguifh the
Aira aquatica from fome of the Poa’s, with which at firft fight the young botanift might eafily confound it: it has
however befides this, many other characters which point it out more obvioufly. “The bottom of the ftalk ufually
creeps on the ground, and when it gets into the water, it runs out like the F efuca Jluitans to a confiderable diftance,
throwing off roots and young fhoots as it pafles along, very much in the manner of that grafs: the ftalk grows about
a foot or more in height, is hollow, and remarkably tender ; the leaves are broader than any of the Poa’s, ex-
cept the Poa aquatica, which is in every refpe& a much Ítronger plant: but what more efpecially characterizes this
grafs, is the purple or blueifh colour of the Panicles, which is difcernible even at a diftance; and the fweet tafte of
the flowers if drawn through the mouth, whence this grafs has acquired the name of du/ce. Its parts of fructification
likewife above defcribed, diftinguifh it very ftrongly: when dried and placed between papers, the flowers and feeds
are very apt to fall off.
It flowers in June and July, and may be found almoft every where in the fituations above-mentioned.
With refpe& to its ufes in rural oeconomy, it is in every refpe& inferior to the Flote fzfcue grafs, confequently
mot worth cultivating for the ufe of cattle. /
In a country like ours, where cultivation has made a confiderable progrefs, the water plants are confined to a finall
fpace compared to what they occupied in a ftate of nature; the draining of bogs and lakes has rendered many large
tracts in feveral parts of the kingdom, capable of producing corn and grafs adapted to the ufe of cattle, which were
formerly inacceflible to man orbeaft. Weought not however to look on this or any other plant as made in vain, bc
caufe we do not immediately fee the ufes they are applied to: feveral forts of water-fowl which abound in uninhabited
Lour are expert gatherers of the feeds of the aquatic graffes; and no lefs than five different fpecies of Mofc cr
Flies, were produced from a few handfuls of the feeds of this grafs, which when I gathered it, were doubtlefs in their
Pupa or Chryfalis flate; How little do we know of natures productions !
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Poa ANNUA. Common pwarF Poa.
POA Linnai Gen. Plant. ‘Trranpria DIGYNIA.
Raii Synop. Gen. 27. HERBM GRAMINIFOLLE FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERJ.
POA annua, pahicula diffufa, angulis rectis, fpiculis obtufis, culmo obliquo compreffo, Lin. yf. Vegetab
f. 97. Spec. Plant. ed. 3. d. 99. Fl. Suecic. 5. 228.
POA culmo infracto, panicula triangulari, locuftis trifloris glabris, Haller. bjft. Vol. 2. ps 223.
GRAMEN pratenfe paniculatum minus. Bauhin. Pin, p. 2
GRAMEN pratenfe minimum album et rubrum. Gerard. emac. 3. Parkinfon. 1156.
GRAMEN pratenfe minus feu vulgatiffimum. Raii Synop. 408. Hudfon. FL Angl. p. 34. Scopoli. FJ.
, Carniol. 71. Stillingfleet. tab. 7
ROOT annual and very fibrous.
STALKS numerous, forming aturf, femiprocumbent,
but in meadows when growing among other
plants, nearly upright, a little crooked, and
about half a foot high.
SHEATHS flat, two edged, and fmooth.
LEAVES very numerous, fhort, keel-fhaped, fmooth,
frequently wrinkled trantverfely, the edge very
RADIX - annua, fibrofiffima.
CULMI plures, cefpitofi, femiprocumbentes, in pratis
vero inter alias plantas crefcentes, fuberect,
paululum infra&ü, femipedales.
VAGINZ compreffe, ancipites, leves.
FOLIA plurima, brevia, carinata, glabra, fzpe traní-
verfim rugofa, margine minutifhme aculeata.
Jig. 8. finely ferrated. fig. 3.
PANICULA triangularis, fubcompreffa, flores fubfe- } PANICLE of a triangular fhape and flattifh, the flowers
cundi. growing moftly to one fide.
PEDUNCULI zuniverfales ad bafin panicule plerumque
bini, altero breviore, in medio frequenter sera,
apice vero /oliiarii; anguli nunc redi, nunc
obliqui.
PEDUNCLES: the wniverfal peduncles generally pro-
ceed from the bottom of the panicle in pairs,
one of which. is fhorter than the other, from
the middle often by threes, and at top fingly ; form-
ing angles fometimesftraight, fometimes oblique.
SPICULAE oval and pointed, flatifh and fharp on both
fides, containing three and four flowers. feats
CALYX: aGtuMme of two valves, the valves hollow
and unequal. fig. 1.
COROLLA of two valves, the valves villous, membra-
nous and whitifh at the edges, the.one larger,
hollow and bluntifh, the other fmaller and
. narrower. fig. 3.
STAMINA : the Fir AMENTS very minute, the ANTHE-
xg yellowifh and forked. fig. 4. —
PISTILLUM: the GerMeEn oval, two SrYvrLEs exceed-
ingly ramified and pellucid. fg. 5.
SEED oval, covered by the Corolla which adheres to it,
at bottom flightly villous. fig. 7.
SPICULAZE ovato-acute, compreffe, utrinque acute
triflore, quadriflore. fig. 2.
CALYX: Gtuvuma bivalvis, valvulis concavis, inzqua-
libus. ffe. t.
COROLLA bivalvis, valvulis villofis, margine mem-
branaceis, albidis, una majore, concava, obtufi-
ufcula; alterà minore, angufliore. fig. 3.
STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria capillaria ; ANTHERE
flavefcentes, bifurcate. fig. 4.
PISTILLUM. GzenMzN ovatum, SrvLI duo ramofiffi-
mi, pellucidi. fig. 5.
SEMEN ovatum, corolla adnafcente te&um, ad bafin
villofulum. fg. 7.
Or nA DHE KEEP € anre nc € € d PE HEHE 0e d 44 09-45 D 4 3- EHS
THE laudable Society eftablifhed in London for the encouragement of Manufa&ures, Arts, and Commerce,
fenfible of the improvements which might be made in Agriculture, from a more general introdution of the moft ufeful
Englifh Graffzs, have offered Premiums to fuch as fhall give the beft account of their cultivation, and the Poa Annua
above defcribed, is one of thofe they have fele&ted, from its appearing to them to be one of the moft ufeful.
Mr. Stillingfleet obferves that it makes the fineft turf, that he has feen in high Suffolk whole fields ofit, without
any mixture of other Grafles, and that as fome of the beft falt Butter we have in London comes from that County,
he apprehends it to be the beft Grafs for the Dairy; from obferving likewife, that this Grafs flourifhed much more
from being trodden on, he concludes that frequent rolling mutt be very ferviceable to it:
There is no Grafs better entitled to Ray's epithet of Vulgatifimum than this, as it occurs almoft every where, in
Meadows, Gardens, at the fides of Paths, and on Walls: whenit grows in a very dry fituation, it frequently doth
not exceed,three inches, but in rich meadows it often grows more than a foot in height. The panicle is frequently
green, butin open fields it acquires a reddifh tinge ; it flowers all the Summer long, and even in Winter if the weather
be mild.
It appears to be the firft general covering which Naturehas provided for a fruitfulfoil when it has been difturbed ; for
which reafon, in Walks, Pavements, or Pitching, it may be confidered as one of the moft troublefome of Weeds ;
the moft expeditious method of deftroying it, would probably be by pouring boiling water on it.
All the Authors that have defcribed this Grafs call it an annual, it differs however very confiderably from the other
annual Graffes, they throw up their Spikes or Panicles, produce their flowers and feeds, and then die away ; this on the
contrary keeps continually throwing out new fhoots, and producing new flowers, and feeds, and if the ground be moift,
a fingle plant will remain growing in this manner throughout the year, fo that we generally find on the fame plant,
young íhoots and ripe feeds.
** Hic ver affiduum atque. alienis. menfibus eeffas."
Perhaps this 1s the only vegetable we have that in tbis Circumftance imitates the 'l'ropical plants.
Although its feed may be gathered the whole fummer long, yet about the latter end of May, it will be found
in the greateft plenty: Experience muít determine the beft method, in which this Grafs fhould be cultivated,
whether by fowing its feed, or dividing and tranfplanting the Grafs itfelf ; as this feed would with more difficulty
be procured in large quantities than that of many others, and as a fingle tuft of this Grafs may be divided into a vaft
number of young plants, probably tranfplanting it in wet weather would be the moft eligible mode. of cultivation.
Thefe obfervations are fubmitted to the confideration of the Farmer and Gentlemen of landed property, who refide
in the Country, and who have both leifure and opportunity to try experiments of this kind. Although the Authors
province more particularly is to defcribe and figure thefe plants in fuch a manner as to make them as obvious as poflible,
yet he would be exceedingly happy to'communicate to the public, any improvements which may be made in this or
any other branch of Agriculture, that he may be favoured with. |
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FESTUCA Lei Gen. Pl. 'Trranpria Dicynia:
Rai Gen. 27. Henze GRAMINIFOLIZ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERZ,
FESTUCA panicula ramofa erecta, fpiculis fubfeffilibus, teretibus muticis, Linnai Syf. Vegetab. p. 102.
Fl. Suecic. p. 33. |
POA .locufüs teretibus multifloris, glumis floralibus exterioribus truncatis, interioribus bifidis. Haller. bif. p-
219. 7. 1453. v. 2. |
POA fluitans. Seopoli FJ. Carniol. pe 73.
GRAMEN aquaticum fluitans, multiplici fpica. Baubin Pin. 2.
GRAMEN aquaticum cum longiffima panicula. £. Baubin. ll. 490. Rai Sym. p. 412. Flote-Grafs,
GRAMEN fluviatile, Gerard emac. 14. Parkm[on. 1275. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. p. 38. Oeder. Fl. Dan. t. 237.
Schreber. Gram. tab. 3. Stilling fleet. mif. tab. 10.
RADIX perennis, in limum profunde penetrans.
CULMUS pro ratione loci pedalis ad tripedalem, bafi
repens furculofque promens, dein fuberectus,
vaginis foliorum ad paniculam ufque ami&us.
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ROOT perennial, ftriking deep into the mud.
STALK according to its place of growth from one to
three feet in length, creeping at bottom and
fending forth young fhoots, afterwards nearly
upright ; covered with the fheaths of the leaves
as far as the panicle.
SHEATHS of the leaves, flattened, two edged, and:
{triated. : |
LEAVES rather broad and fmooth, thofe of the young
Íhoots upright, keel-fhaped, and fhortifh ; thofe
of the ftalk longer, flattith, weak, and hanging
down, in the winter feafon lying flat on the
Water.
PANICLE long, generally inclined or bending down a
little, iometimes forming a kind of fpike, but
moft commonly branched; the branches fome-
times prefled to the ftalk, fometimes diverging
from itin the manner reprefented by Schreber.
SPICULA® flender, round, an inch or an inch anda
half long, producing from.g9 to 12 flowers,
preffed to the Stalk.
CALYX: a GrvwE of two valves, which are unequal
and membranous. ig.2.
COROLLA of two valves, which are of an equal length
and bigger than the Calyx, the /ower valve
largeft, concave and nervous, the nerves to-
wards the top frequently coloured, at top mem-
branous, rather blunt with uneven points, the
upper valve more pointed, flat and bifid. jig. 3.4.
STAMINA: three Firamenrs very flender, ANTHERE |
~ oblong and yellow or purplith. jig. 5.
PISTILLUM : Geren oval, Srvr.Es two, tapering and
bending back, SricmatTa very much branch-
ed. fig. §X6. 8. .
NECTARY a {mall heart-fhaped fquamiform gland,
placed horizontally at the bottom of the
Germen, fig. 9. - ;
SEED oblong, fhining, of an olive colour, with two
little) horns, and naked. fig. 10. 11. |
FIG 12 a Spicula affected with the difeafe called Ergot,
V AGINJE foliorum compreffie, fubancipites, ftriate.
FOLIA latiufcula, levia; furculorum erecta, carinata,
breviufcula, caulina longiora, plamiufcula, flac-
cida, aquis tempore hyberno proftrata.
PANICULA longa, inchnata, nonnunquam fubfpicata
fzepius vero ramofa, ramis nunc cauli adprefíis
nunc diftantibus, ut pinxit Cl: Schreberus:
SPICULE tenues, teretes, unciales aut fefquicunciales
9 ad 12 flore, rachi adprefla.
CALYX: Gruma bivalvis, valvulis inzqualibus, mem-
branaceis. fig. 2.
COROLLA bivalvis, valvule longitudine equales, ca-
lyce majores, zferiore majore, concava, lineata,
nervis apice fepe coloratis, apice membranacea,
obtufiufcula, fzpius erofa; /uperior: lanceolata,
compreffa, bicufpidata. jig, 3. 4.
STAMINA: FiLAMENTA tra capillaria, AwTHERJE
flavae aut purpurafcentes, oblongz, jig. 5.
PISTILLUM : GEeaMEN ovatum, Srvyrr duo fubulati,
reflexi, ST1GMATA ramofifima. fig. 7. 6. 8.
NECTARIUM Glandula fquamiformis, cordata, bori-
zontalis, ad bafin germinis. f. Qe
SEMEN oblongum, nitidum olivaceum, bicornicula-
tum, nudum. fig. IO. Ir. '
FIG 12 Spicula morbo Ergot affecta.
IN fpeaking of the Bromus mollis, we had occafion to remark the very great variety of appearance to which the
Grafles were fubject from foiland fituation, and this obfervation is equally applicable to the Pefuca fluitans.
"This Grafs appears to thrive beft in füll waters, or gently running ftreams, where its numerous fibres penetrate
eafily into the mud; in fuch fituations it becomes very luxuriant, the leaves are large, tender and fweet, and the
Panicle becomes very much branched; butin Meadows where it is deprived of its natural quantity of water,
it becomes in every refpect lefs, and the Panicle is frequently changed to a fimple fpike ; when it. has nearly
. done flowering, the branches of the Panicle generally project from the main ftalk fo as to form an acute angle.
In every fituation whether the Panicle be large, or fmall, the Spiculz are always prefled clofe to the ftalk or bran-
ches of the Panicle, and this circumftance joined to the length, and roundnefs of the Spiculz, fufficiently cha-
racterize this fpecies; if it fhould not however, its parts of fructification afford at once a moft pleafmg and,
fatisfadtory diftinQion, vid, fig. 6. 9. 10. | | e
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We have often ‘ha tite firpalàr pleat ofobfervihb this GENS "foon ‘after ‘being gathered, expand its Gtames
itd expofe its delicate yellow Startiina, and iH more delicate Pilla, atid in this expanded ftate each Spicula puts
ona very different face, and feems to invite the Student to its inveftigation, and would he with to become acquainted
with the ftru&ure of this ufeful tribe of plants, he cannot fele& one ety proper for his purpofe, as it may be -
found: in almoft every watery ditch, flowering from the pegintine to the énd of Surniner, thd has all the parts of
fruetification which are peculiar to the Grafles, larpe enough to be difündly difceriled ‘even by the naked Eye,
and fo expofed’as to be vifible without the trouble of difle&tion. | |
LT AAA - LE d - c Ua M Bae Fhe o du e L wa i 5 mt $ & X. wrsaba ks oo 4 E 4
‘This Grafs is found to be of confiderable importance in the oecónomy of Nature.
"Ehe Phalenz Füftce ov Gold Spot Moth, to Which Lisnwaus With great propriety adds the epithet of puleherrina,
(did. Fattha Shecica. p. 311. Albin. pl. 84. kt. ©. ¥. G. m.) 4s faid By him to feed on thás particular Species ; with üs
however it is always found on a different grafs, viz. the Poa agubtica ov large water Poa 5 its hiftory, with the ‘par-
ticular manner of finding it we fhall give under that grafs. |
From the obfervations of late writers, it appears that feveràl orts of Cattle are remarkably fond of this grafs,
partieularly Kine and Hogs, and that in the {pring time they are ACT qi enticed into-bogs by endeavouring to get at
its {weet young fhoots, which appear earlier than thofe of mort other Gaffes. )
* Prófeflor Kai: ina journey thrdush part of Sweden, óbferved the Swine to &o a gifeat way into the Water after
€ this eras, the leaves of which, they eat with great eagerness ; on this he was tempted to try if they would eat the
** fare Brats dried; hé accordingly had {niall bundles of tt gathered, dried, and ealt before them $ the confequeüce
** Wa’ they até it feemingly with as much Appetite as horfes do hay, hence he cóncludes that by ‘cultivating this grafs,
dye wing fwantpy places might be rendered ufeful, and a preat deal of corn, &c. faved”. |
He who introduced the method of feeding hogs in fummer time on Clover, deferved very well of his country; and
if the hay of this grafs would keep them in heart during the winter, it might prove a very valuable difcovery.
Mr. Kent in his bits to Gentlemen of landed property, lately publiffied; confiders this às a moft valuable gráfs, and
affures Us (p. 34) it is to be imptovéd above all others, and at a lefs expence, merely by floodine ; (f. 545) he in-
forms tis that flooding déftroys a// weeds, and enriches the land to a véry high degree; (5. 56s) he fays as rolling and
preffüre bring the amnal vremdito-gra[s, 16 flooding immediately Pevets the flore feftde. Thefe affertions of Mr. Kent
béfpeak neither the Philofopher nór the accürately practical Farmer, they contain an exaggerated account ofimproving
pafturé land by à particular procefs, but flow a great want of that minute attention which fo importanta fubjeét required.
From a long refidence in Hampfhire, we well know that the meadows in that county are confiderably improved by
flooding diem, that is topping the water when there happens to be 4n unufual quantity from violent or long continu-
ed raiüs, ahd by means of trenches or gripes, conveying the furplus water fo as to overflow them entirely if poffi-
ble; but we dény; that by this procefs 2// weeds are deftroyed, the fe of manure fuperíeded, or that flote fefcue grafs
is immediately begotten. Although it is a conftant practice with the farmers to flood their meadows in the winter, it
i8 Ho lefs à Conftant PraGice with füch as with to have good ctops Of graf$ to nianure them with dung or afhes.
Flooding can, no otherwife deftroy weeds than by altering the foil in which they grow, and if it deftroys one fet of
Weeds, it muft certainly favout the growth ofanother: ifthofe plants which throve beft in a dry fituation are deftroyed
by the alteration which now takes place in the foil, thofe which ate fond of a moift fituation will proportionably flou-
nfh Ifthe J//e fe{cue gras was immediately produced by flóoding, we fhould find all thofe meadows which have
ündergone this operation to contain nothing but this kind of grafs,. whereas the richeft and beft meadows in Hampfhire
contain fcarce a fingle blade of it: the fact is, this grafs will not flourifh in meadow land, unlefs you convert it into a
kind of Beg or fwamp; and I believe few Tanded Gentlemen will think this an improvement, or thank Mr. Kent for
giving them fuch a hint. |
fy oe ie Oe a= Tis ey oe € e " zd. EE ^ 2 F fi " ia "Wee - 4 y ; T . -
2 « Mr. StillingHeet informs us that Mr. Deane a very fenfible Farmer at Rufcomb, in Berkíhire, affured him, that
** 3 fie d always lying under water of about four acres, that was occupied by his father when he was a boy, was covered
** with a kind of grafs that maintained five farm-horfes in good heart from April tothe end of hàrveft without giving
* them ahy other food, and that it yielded moré than they could eat. He at my defire brought me fome of the
** gtafs, which proved to be the fore Jfefctte witha mixture of gmas/b bent; whether this laft contributes much towards
** furhifhing fo good pafture for horfes Í cannot fay; they both throw out roots at the joints of the {talks and therefore
“likely to grow to a great length. In the index of dubious plants at the end of Ray's Synopfis, there is mention
** made of a grafs under the name of Gramen caninum pion dep growing not far from Sa//bury twenty-four feet
** Jong ; this muft By its length be a erafs With a Creeping flalk: and that there is a grafs in Wiltfhire, growing in
Watery meadows; {6 Valuable that an dcte Of it lets froth ten to twelve pounds, I have been informed by feveral
* peérfóns. Tele cireufüftancees incline re to think it mutt be thee fofcue ; but whatioever grafs it be it certain-
** ]y muft deferve to be enquired after". |
. Tt way hot be imipróper to add, that the accoulit ofthe €xtiaerdinity lon rats above mentioned, was taken by
RAY, froth the Phyiceraphia Britannica, Which mentions the particular {pot AR. it grew, viz. at Mr. T'ucker's, at
Maddingtoü, finé miles from Salifbury; it i5 allo rémiarked that hey fur Hos with v.
As it is now above a century (ince this enquiry was firft made, is it not furprizing that no fucceeding Botanic Wri-
ter fhould have acquired fatisfa&tory information concerning it? I am promifed ipecimens ofthe roots and feeds.
Upon
E]
Upon the whole, from the obfervations which we ourfelves have made on this Grafs and from what is to be collected
from Authors, it appears that if it be cultivated to. any advantage it muft be in fuch meadows as are. naturally
very wet and never drained. E Th LE | HS ato (uera
., The quickeft and perhaps the beft method of propagating it would be by ttanfplanting the roots ata proper
feafon, and if the foil prove fuitable,. from the quicknefs of its growth, and its creeping Stalk, it would fooh exclude
moft other plants, and produce a plentiful crop. Jte et is pee: bey tet wir TU URGE
In foreign countries the feed of this Grafs feems to be an,obje& of more importance than the grafs itfelf, the
following is’ the: fubftance of what Mr. Scureser has faid concerning it, (vid. Be/chreibung der Grafer p. 40.)
'** The feed has a fweet and pleafant tafte particularly before it comes to its full gtowth, whence the plant has
acquired the name of Manna Grafs, Ducks and other water-fowl feed on it with much cagernefs (Linnzvs has
remarked that thé Water-fowl are very well acquainted with the method óf'colle&ing thefe feeds) ‘it’ has been
** obferved likewife that Fifh are fond of it, and that Trout in particular thrivé in thofe rivers where this grafs grows
** in plenty and fheds its feeds ;.but itis not only for Birds and, F'ifh, but, alío.for Man: a palatable and nutritious
** food, and has for many years pait been. known jat Gentlemens tables under the name of Manna-Grout._
LI
Dal
z-
Lo
D
“© The Manna Grafs is of two kinds the one Panicum fanguinale ot Cocks-foot 'Panic-Grafs the other Foftuca flüitans
** which we have now defcribed ; the former is cultivated in feveral parts of Germany, and its feed foméwhat refem-
** bles that of Millet, the latter is colle&ed in great abundance from the plant as it grows wild in Poland, Lithuania
** the new Marche and about Franckfort and other places in Siefia as alfo in Denmark and Sweden and hence exported
“to all parts. | | mili in ee ago wo
** "The common method they make ufe of to gather and prepare this feed. in Poland, Prufia, and the Marche is
** as follows. At fun rife the feed is gathered or beat from the dewy grafs into a horfe-hair fieve, and when' a
** tolerable quantity is collected, it is fpread on a fheet and dried fourteen days in the fun; it is then thrown into
* a kind of wooden trough or mortar, ftraw or reeds laid betwen it, and beat gently with a wooden Peftle fo as to
** take off the chaff and then winnowed. After this it is again put into the mortar, in rows, with dried Marygold-
* flowers, Apple, and Hazel leaves, and pounded until the Hutk is-entirely feparated and the feed appears bright,
* it is then winnowed again, and when it is by this laft procefs made perfectly clean it is fit, for ufe. The Mary-
** golds are added, witha view to give the feeds a finer colour. The moft proper time for colleéting them is in July.
* A Bufhel of the feed and chaff, yields about two quarts of clean feed. _ É atia
* When boiled with milk or wine they form an extremely palatable food, and are moft commonly made dfe of
**. whole in the manner of Sago to which they are in general. preferred.
In-the month of OZober-laft, I difcovered in a watery ditch, which runs through a meadow not far from Kent-
Street Road an uncommon appearance in fome of the feeds of this grafs, and on a farther examination, I found
whole Panicles the feeds of which were affected ina fimilar manner, inftead of being of their natural fize, and colour,
they were enlarged to a very great degree, affumed externally a blackifh colour, and were more or lefs incurvated.
Struck with the novelty as well as oddity of the appearance I conjectured at firft that it was a difeafe. occafioned by
fome Infect, I examined it more attentiyely, but could not find the leaft cauíe to fuppofe that an Infect had been
concerned in it. ‘The furface of fome of thefe feeds was rough, and chopped, they were light as.to weight, inter-
nally of a whitith colour, infiped in their tafte but not difagreeable. Having a little before this been favoured with
a fight of fome borned Rie it now occurred to me that this was the fame difeafe which had been faid to affeé&t the
Rie only, and farther enquiry confirmed my conje&ure. E
As this fingular difeafe of the Rie has firft been noticed by the French, and as fome very uncommon circum-
ftances have attended it, it cannot fail of proving acceptable to our readers to lay before them the fubítance of
what they have faid concerning it. In the Hi/toire de L’ Academie royale des Sciences there is an account given of a
particular fpecies of Gangrene or. Mortification which attacked: many perfons in fome particular provinces of France.
^ It began generally at the toes and fometimes {pread as high as the thigh. Out of fifty people there was. but
* one that was attacked with this difeafe in the hands and what was equally remarkable there were no females
«€ affected with it except fome little Girls.
** [t appears that this fingular malady attacked only the lower fort of people, and that too in years of Ícarcity,
** that it proceeded from bad nourifhment, and principally from eating bread made of a certain black and -difeafed
** corn called Ergot, from the grains affuming fomewhat of the form of a Cocks Spur. «v4. fig. 12.
* The manner in which this fingular monftrofity of the Corn is produced is thus related by Monfieur Facon,
* There are certain mifts which prove injurious to the corn, and from which the greateft part of the Ears of the
* Rie defend themfelves by their beards; In thofe however which this hurtful humudity can {trike and penetrate,
** it rots the fkin which covers the grain, blackens it, and alters the fubftance of the grain itfelf, the juices which
** form the feed being no longer kept within their ordinary bounds by the fkin, are carried hither in two great an
* abundance and amafling themfelves irregularly form this monftrous appearance, .
** He obferves that its oz/y in Rie that the Ergot is to be found, that the poor people do not feparate this grain
* from that which is good, that it was only in fuch particular feafons as favoured the growth: of the Ergot that
* this difeafe was prevalent, that the country people after eating bread made of this bad corn perceived themfelves
**. as if drunk, and after this the mortification generally took place, that in fome provinces were there was but little
** of this Ergot this fpecies of difeafe was not known, m i
* From the obfervations made by the Farmers of that country it appears that this bad fpecies of grain is pro-
** duced in the greateft abundance in fuch land as is wet and cold, and particularly in rainy feafons. “The Poultry
** refafed it when given them, neverthelefs if by accident they had eaten it they did not appear to be hurt by it.
** When fown (as might be expected) it did not vegetate. "' |
A kind of mortification very fimilar to the above defcribed was obferved in this Kingdom fome years ago; it
affe&ed the fame kind of people and on enquiry it was found that they had fared very hard, and that the bread
which they had eaten was made of the ¢azlings or Jereenings of Corn, but it was not afcertained whether it contained
any of the Ergot or not.
*
From the infipid tafte of this corn, as well as from itsnot proving fatal to Poultry, it feems exceedingly probable
that jt is not in itfelf noxious, any otherwife than as it affords no nourifhment ; and that thofe people who have
eaten of this corn, have in fa& been abridged of a proportionate quantity of food, hence from an impoverifhed
ftate of the fluids and a weak action of the veffels this fpecies of Mortification might eafily be induced.
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Bromus MoLLIs sorr Brome Grass.
BROMUS EimnaiGen. Pl. Trianpria DicGyNIA.
Ra Syn. Gen. 27. HERBZ GRAMINIFOLIZ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERZ.
BROMUS mollis panicula ereCtiufcula, fpiculis ovatis.pubefcentibus, ariftis re€tis, folis molliffime villofis.
Linnei Syfl. Vegetab. b. 102. Sp. Pl. $. 112.
BROMUS hirfutus, locuftis feptifloris, ovato conicis. Haller bif. p. 1504.
BROMUS Polymorphus. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 80.
FESTUCA avenacea hirfuta, paniculis minus fparfis. Rav Synop. p. 413 — Hudfon FL. Angl. p. 39. Me Te
Secalinus.’ Schreber. Gram, pl. 6 fige 1.
RADIX biennis * 1 ROOT biennial *
CULMUS pedalis ad tripedalem, erectus ; GENICULI Í STALK from one to three feet high, upright ; the
tumidi, -cylindracei. i joints fwelled and cylindrical.
L3
FOLIA cum vacrinis pilis mollibus veftita, LEAVES together with their suEATHs covered with
| - 1. Cort dain. |
PANICULA ere&ciufculá, nunc coarctatá nunc diffufa. ¥ PANICLE nearly upright, fometimes clofe, fometimes
{preading.
SPICULAZE oval and pointed, turgid, flattith, generally
villous, containing eight flowers, whitifh about
the edges of the Glumes. fig. 1.
SPICULJE ovato-acute, turgide, fubcomprefle, ple-
rumque villofze, octoffore circa oras glumarum
albida. fig. 1.
CALYX: a GrvMz of two valves, the valves unequal
CALYX: Grvwna bivalvis,-valvulis inzequalibus, muti-
without any beard, or arifta, fig. 2.
cis. fig. 2.
COROLLA: GrvMa bivalvis, valvulà extériore lata,
concava, ftriata, ariftata, fig. 4. interiore plani-
ufcula, ciliata, lanceolata. fig. 3. AmisTA val-
COROLLA: a GruwE of two valves, the] outermoft
valve broad, hollow, ftriated, and bearded, fig.
4; the innermoft flattith, ciated or hairy at the
93-*€ 94S 9-469-449-4594 9-49) 4E 0996 H6 4E
vulis paulo longior,. fubrecta, fig. 4. $ edges and pointed, jig. 3; the Arista a little
4 longer than the valves and nearly ftraight,
1 fig. 4.
NECTARIUM: " Glumula bipartita, ad bafin petali in- I NECTARIUM: a fmall kind of Glume deeply divided,
terloris; fig. 5, parum. au&:: i | placed at the bafe of the inner petal, fg. 5. a
a little magnified.
STAMINA: FiLAMENTA tria capillaria, ANTHERE t STAMINA: three FiLAMENTS very fmall, ANTHERE
primum flava oblongz, dein fufcae et bifurca-
te. fig. 7. 6. aud: » firft yellow and oblong, laftly brown and forked
at each end, fg. 7. 6. magnified.
HE dE
PISTILLUM: Geren ovatum; apice fubemarginatum, : PISTILLUM: Germen oval, with a flight depreffion
jig. 8. Srvri duo, ad baün ufque plumofi, ex 4 at top, fig. 8. two STYLES feathery quite down
uno latere germinis enati. fig. g. to the bottom, proceeding from one fide of the
Germen, fig. 9.
SEED oblong, concave, adhering tothe Calyx fig: 10.
SEMEN oblongum, concavum;calyci adnatumifig. 10.
the Calyx-taken off, fig: 11.
denudatum fig. 1x.
A4€20 € 39-6 29€
OUR Farmers in general are not very warm in their recommendations of this Grafs; neverthelefs it abounds in
moft of our beft meadows ;-it fprings up early, and ripens its feed generally about the time of Hay-making. The
feed is large, and each panicle contains nearly as much as that of a common Oat, indeed it feems to have more pre-
tenfions to-the the namé of Corn. than of Grafs. |
. Although Cattle may not be fo fond of the leaves, and panicle of this Grafs while green as'of fome others, yet may
it not (when cut down-as it-ufually: is when the feed is nearly ripe) contribute to render the hay more nutritive? and
hence may it not be a proper Grafs to fow with others.? It feems at leaft to deferve the attention of the Farmer.
There is perhaps no clafs of plants more affected by difference of foil and fituation than the Grafles, hence the fame
plant has often been divided into feveral fpecies ;-and to fuch Varieties is the prefent Plant incident, as to occafion
ScoPoLI to give it the name of Polymorphus.
When it grows ona Wall, or dry "Bank, the Spicule- are generally more upright, and clofer together ; when the
foilis rich and moift, the Spiculz fpread-eut, andthe whole plant becomes much larger; in Meadows the Spiculz
frequently lofe their villous appearance arid become perfettly fmooth. ‘To: determine this fpecies then with more
certainty, recourfe muft be had to the parts of fruétification..
* According to: Linnzus,
u
Allee i
Pm
PUE
5i
=
CI
a
popa atepett
Bromus Srerivis. Barren Brome Grass.
BROMUS Linnei. Gen. Pl. 'TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
Raii Gen. 27. HERB GRAMINIFOLIM, FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMITER E.
BROMUS /erilis, panicula patula, fpiculis oblongis diftichis, glumis fubulato-ariftatis. Lin. 5y/f. Vegetab, p. 103.
BROMUS panicula nutante; locuftis fcptifloris; glumis argute lanceolatis, lineatis, fubhirfutis. Haller.
bifl. n. 1505.
FESTUCA avenacea fterilis elatior. Bauhin. pin. 9. 10.
BROMOS herba, five avena fterilis. Parkinfon, 1147. Bromos fterilis. Gerard. emac. Raii Synop. p. 412.
Great wild Oat-Grafs or Drank. — Hudfon. Fi. Angl. p. 40. Scopoli. Fl. Carniol. p. 78.
RADIX fibrofa. ¥ ROOT fibrous.
CULMI pedales ad bipedales, fuberecti, teretes, lzves, d STALKS from one to two feet high, nearly upright,
ad bafin infra&i; Geniculi tumidi. Y round and ímooth, at bottom crooked or el-
i bowed; the Joints fwelled.
FOLIA longa, plana, und cum vaginis mollifüime vil- y LEAVES long and flat, covered, together with their
lofa. Y fheaths with foft fhort hairs.
PANICULA magna, nutans; PEpuNcuLI plerumque i PANICLE large, and drooping, the PEDUNCLEs gene-
fimplices, ad bafin tumidi. H rally fimple, and /welled at their bafe.
SPICULE biunciales, fubcompreffz, apice divergentes, i SPICULZE about two inches long, flattifh and diver-
DES Y ging toward the extremity, jig. 1.
CALYX: GrvuMA bivalvis, Valvulis inequalibus lineari- ¥ CALYX: a GrLuME of two Valves, the valves inequal,
lanceolatis, fig. 2. long and narrow, fig: 2.
COROLLA: bivalvis, Valvulis inzqualibus, exteriore ¥ COROLLA : compofed of two Valves, which are ine-
Aex€
longiore, concava, ftriata, apice membranacea, Y qual, the exterior Valve longeft, concave, ftria-
bifida, Arista recta Corollà duplo longiore + ted, at top membranous and bifid, terminated
terminata, fig. 3. Valvulà interiore planiufcula, Y by a ftraight Arista twice the length of the
Corolla, fiz. 3. the interior Valve nearly flat,
Y and ciliated, fig. 4.
NECTARIUM: Giumura due acuminate, ad bafin Y NECTARY : two {mall long-pointed crumeEs with a
biglandulofz, fg. 6. : {mall gland at the bafe of each, fig. 6:
STAMINA: Firamenra tri, capilariaj AwTHERE Y STAMINA: three {mall Firaments: the ANTHERE
flava, fig. s. Y yellow, fig. 5.
PISTILLUM: Grrmen oblongum, apicetruncatum five y PISTILLUM: the GERMEN oblong, at top flat or flightly
emarginatum, pars inferior ex qua ftyli pro- emarginate, the bottom part from whence the
deunt et quod verum Germen eflfe videtur, Styles proceed, and which feems to be the true
nitida, fig 7. pars fuperior albida, villofa, fig. 8. Germen, is fmooth and fhining, fig. 7. the
STYLI duo plumofi, patuli, jig. 9. upper part white and villous, jig. 8. two
STYLEs, feathery and fpreading, fig. 9.
SEED ofa purplifh brown colour, oblong, bearded, en-
clofed within the Calyx, fig. 10. the Calyx
{tripped off, fig. 11.
E
ciliata, jig. 4.
SEMEN ex purpureo-fufcum, oblongum, ariftatum,
calyce tectum, fig. 10, denudatum, fig. 11.
"
KE 6 A444 A6
Much praife is due to the late ingenious Mr. Srit. t 1NGrLEET for his attempts to introduce, more generally among Far-
mers, a knowledge of our moft ufeful Englifh Grafles : his obfervations on this fubje& are fo exceedingly pertinent that
the infertion of them cannot fail to prove highly acceptable to fuch as have the promotion of Agriculture at heart.
** It is wonderfull to fee how long mankind has neglected to make a proper advantage of plants of {uch importance,
** and which in almoft every country are the chief food of cattle. ‘The farmer for want of diftinguifhing, and felecting
** graffes for feed, fills his pafture either with weeds, or bad, or improper graffes ; when by making a right choice,
** after fome trials he might be fure of the beft grafs, and in the greateft abundance that his land admits of. At prefent
** 1f a farmer wants to lay down his land to grafs, what does he do? he either takes his feeds indifcriminately from
** his own foul hay-rick, or fends to his next neighbour fora fupply. By this means, befides a certain mixture of all
** forts of rubbifh, which muft neceflarily happen ; if he chances to have a large proportion of good feeds, it is not
** unlikely, but that what he intends for dry land may come from moift, where it grows naturally, and the contrary.
** ‘This is fuch a flovenly method of proceeding, as one would think could not poflibly prevail univerfally ; yet this
** is the cafe as to all graffes except the darnel grafs, and what is known in fome few countries by the name of the
* Suffolk grafs; and this latter inftance is owing, I believe, more to the foil than any care of the hufbandman.
** Now would the farmer be at the pains of feparating once in his life half a pint, or a pint of the different kinds of
** graís feeds, and take care to fow them feparately; in a very little time he would have wherewithal to ftock his
** farm properly, according to the nature of each foil, and might at the fame time fpread thefe feeds feparately over
** the nation by fupplying thefeed-fhops. ‘The number of graffes fit for the farmer is, I believe fmall; perhaps half
** a dozen, or half a {core are all he need to cultivate; and how {mall the trouble would be of fuch a tatk, and how
** great the benefit, muft be obvious to every one at firft fight. Would not any one be looked on as wild who fhould
* fow wheat, barley, oats, rye, peafe, beans, vetches, buck-wbeat, turnips and weeds of all forts together? yet how is it
** much lefs abfurd to do what is equivalent in relation to graffes ? does it not import the farmer to have good hay
*' and grafs in plenty? and will cattle thrive equally on all forts of food? we know the contrary. Horfes will
** fcarcely eat hay, that will do well enough for oxen and cows. Sheep are particularly fond of one fort of grafs,
, ** and fatten upon it fafter, than on any other in Sweden, if we may give credit to Linnzus. And may they not do
** the fame in England? How fhall we know till we have tried? Nor can we fay that what is valuable in Sweden
** may be inferior to many other graffes in England; fince it appears by the Flora Suecica that they have all the
** good ones that we have. But however this may be I fhould rather chufe to make experiments, than conjectures.”
The prefent Grafs is not one of thofe which are worth the Farmer's cultivation, but fo much the reverfe, that
moft Authors have called it /erilis, not becaufe it is really barren but from its inutility with refpe&t to Cattle.
It grows exceeding common under hedges and flowers in May and June.
.. In order to have a clear idea of the ftru&ture of the parts of fruétification in the Graffes, they fhould be examined
juft at the time, or rather before the Zfniberz have difcharged their Pollen, a {mall {pace of time makes a confiderable
alteration in their appearance.
In this fpecies of Bromus as well as in the Bromus mollis the Styles proceed. from the middle of the Germen and not
from the top, this is a peculiarity which feems to have efcaped the notice of Schreber who has written profeffedly on
the Grafles, and examined them with more accuracy than any preceding Writer. In his figures the $7j/es proceed
always from the Apex of the Germen. 4
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DIPSACUS Linnci Gen. PL 'TETRANDRIA
MONOGYNIA.
Calyx communis polyphyllus ; proprius fuperus. Receptaculum | paleaceum.
Raü Syn. p. 191. Herpm CORYMBIFERIS AFFINES.
DIPSACUS filofus folis petiolatis. appendiculatis. Linn. Syff. Vegetab. p. 120. Spec. Plant. 141»
DIPSACUS folis biauribus, capitulis hemifphericis. Haller. bif. belo. No. 199.
DIPSACUS fylveftris capitulo minore vel virga paftoris minor. Bawbim Pin. f. 385.
DIPSACUS minor feu Virga paftoris. Ger. emac. 1168.
VIRGA PASTORIS. Parkinfon 984. Raii Synop. p. 192. Hudfon. FL. Angl. f. 49.
M
RADIX biennis.
CAULIS orgyalis, erectus, ramofiffimus, pene teres,
aculeatus, fulcatus.
RAMI oppofiti, patentes, cauli fimiles.
FOLIA ad dafm Cavris, connata, ovato-lanceolata,
ferrata, nervo medio fubtus aculeato, mdivi/a,
Juprema appendiculatas; RAMORUM 3 ima appen-
diculata, ferrata, fuprema margine integerrima,
Janceolata.
PEDUNCULI erecti, longi, ex dichotomiá caulis, fulca-
ti, aculeati, apice fpinofiffimi, uniflori.
FLORES albidi, in capitulum hemifphzericum collec,
dum florent nutantes, poftea capitula eriguntur.
CALYX: PrErRiantuium commune multiflorum, hexa-
phyllum, foliolis longitudine florum, patentibus,
lanceolatis, mucronatis, fig. 1: PERIANTHIUM
proprium parvum, fuperum, concavum, cilia-
tum, fig. 5. lente auctum.
COROLLA fropria monopetala, tubulofa, limbo qudri-
. ba’ . 5 .
fido, lacinià inferiore longiore, jig. 3.
STAMINA : FILAMENTA quatuor Corolla longiora ;
ANTHERJ purpurez, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM : Geren inferum, tetraponum ; STYLvs
filiformis, longitudine Corolle; Stigma fim-
plex, fig. 6.
PERICARPIUM- nullum, -
SEMINA fufca, fubtetragona. jig. 4.
RECEPTACULUM commune hemifphzericum, paleace-
um, pars inferior palearum concava, alba, ca-
rinata, fuperior lanceolata, acuminata, fpinulis
obfita. fig. 2.
ROOT biennial.
STALK about fix feet high, upright, very much branch-
ed, nearly round, prickly and grooved.
jee)
RANCHES oppofite, fpreading, like the ftalk.
m
EAVES a£ the bottom of the STALK connate, ovato- |
lanceolate, ferrated, the midrib prickly under-
neath, undivided, thofe at the fop dividing at the
bafe into two fmaller leaves ; the leaves on fhe
branches at bottom fimilar to thofe laft defcribed,
at 7o lanceolate, with the edges entire.
FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, upright, long, pro-
ceeding from the middle where the ftalks fepa-
rate, grooved, prickly, at top very full of
flender fpines, fupporting one flower.
FLOWERS whitifh, collected together in a fmall hemi-
fpherical head, which, while the plant is in
flower, droops, and afterwards becomes upright,
CALYX: the common PERIANTHIUM fupporting many
flowers, compofed of fix leaves, the length of
the flowers, fpreading, lanceolate and pointed,
fg. 1. The PER1ANTHIUM of each flofcule fmall,
placed above the Germen, hollow, and ciliated,
fg. 5, magnified.
COROLLA: each flofcule monopetalous, tubular, the
limb quadrifid, the lowermoft fegment longeft,
Sg pe
STAMINA : four FiLAMENTS, longer than the Corolla;
ANTHER# purple, fig. 3. |
PISTILLUM : GznwrN placed below the Calyx, qua-
drangular; the STYLE filiform, the length of
Corolla; the ST1GMA fimple, fig. 6.
SEED-VESSEL wanting.
SEEDS brown, nearly quadrangular.
RECEPTACLE common to all the flowers paleaceous ;
the lower part ofthe palez hollow, white, and
angular behind; the upper part lanceolate,
tapering to a point, and befet with little {pines
or hairs, fig. 2. |
THIS fpecies of Teafe] may be confidered as one of our Plante rariores; hitherto I have found it only
in one place near town, viz. on the right hand fide of the Turnpike-road leading from Depiford to Lewifham,
not far from the latter: as it grows to a confiderable height, it is confpicuous at a diftance: the flowers
appear in July, and the feed is ripe'in September: it continues to blow for a confiderable time, and did not.
the plant take up fo much room, there is beauty enough in its flowers to recommend it for the Garden.
Moths feem very. fond of its blofloms, being found on them in great numbers after fun-fet.
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Horronra PALUSTRIS Waren Horronia,
on Warer VIOLET.
HOTTONIA Lin. Gen. PJ. PENTANDRIA Monocynta.
Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HERBH FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI, FLORE MONOPETALO.
HOTTONIA falyfris, pedunculis verticillato-multifioris. Lin. Syfl. Vegetab. 164.
HOTTONIA florum verticillis f{picatis. Haller. bif. n. 632.
MILLEFOLIUM aquaticum feu Viola aquatica, caule nudo. Bauhbin. pin. 141. Parkinfon, 1256.
VIOLA paluftris. Gerard. emac. 826. Rar Sym. p. 285. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. p. 72. Scopoli FI. Carmiol. n. 213.
Fl. Dan. icon. 487.
RADIX e plurimis fibrillis capillaceis albis conftat, que ¥ ROOT confifts of numerous white capillary fibres, which
in limum profunde dimittuntur. i penetrate deep into the mud.
Y
CAULIS five Scarus floriferus, pedalis, fimplex, erectus, ¥ STALK or flowering Scarus, a foot high, fimple, up-
multiflorus, verfus apicem glandulis fcabriufeu- i right, fuftaming many flowers, towards the
lus, ad bafin foliis plurimis inftru&us, unde per t top roughifh with httle glands, furnifhed at
aquam longe excurrunt caules plures qui fibrillas i bottom with numerous leaves, from whence
dimittunt, Y feveral ftalks proceed and run out to a con-
i fiderable length through the water throwing
M out numerous white fibres.
Y ^
FOLIA plurima, plerumque immerfa, pinnata, in api- $ LEAVES numerous, generally under the water, pin-
cibus caulium juniorum denfa, reflexa, Pinnis $ nated, growing in tufts on the tops of the
linearibus planis. 1 young ftalks, bending downwards, the Pinna
$ linear and flat.
FLORES pallide purpurei, verticillati, fpicati, Pedunculi ¥ FLOWERS of a pale purple colour, growing in whirls,
ad. 10, Bractzà, ad bafin inftruct, poft floref- i and forming a fpike. Peduncles to 10 in num-
centiam reflexi. i ber, furnifhed at bottom with a Bractza, when
: the flowers are gone off turning downwards.
CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, quinquepar- : CALYX: a PerrantuHivum of one leaf, divided into five
titum: LACINIIS linearibus, erecto-patulis, fre. 1. i SEGMENTS, which are linear, upright and fome-
: what fpreading, fig. 1.
COROLLA: monopetala, hypocrateriformis, 'ruBus i COROLLA : monopetalous and falver-fhaped, the TUBE
longitudine calycis, LIMBUS quinquefidus, Y the length of the calyx; the timp divided
planus: LAcINIIs ovato-oblongis, emarginatis, : into five fegments and flat; the sEGMENTS of
Ke. 2. Y an oval oblong íhape with a notch at the ex-
i tremity, frg. 2.
STAMINA: FriLAMENTA quinque, fubulata, brevia, : STAMINA: five Fir AMENTS tapering, fhort, and ups
erecta. ANTHER# oblongz, flavz. fig. 3. i right, ANrHER# oblong and yellow, jg. 3.
M '
Y
PISTILLUM: Geren fubglobofum. Srvrvs filifor- ¥ PISTILLUM: Germen roundifh, STYLE thread-fhaped
mis, brevis. STIGMA globofum, jig. 4. M and fhort, Sr16MA fpherical, fg. 4.
Y
PERICARPIUM: Ca»surA globofa, unilocularis, fub- ; SEED-VESSEL: a round CarsuLE of one cavity,
pellucida, jig. 5. flightly tranfparent, fig. 5.
SEEDS numerous, oval, of a pale brown colour, fiz. 7:
affixed to a round receptacle within the capfule,
Ji. 6.
SEMINA plurima, ovata, palhde fufca, fig. 7. recep-
taculo globofo intra capfulam affixa, jig. 6.
444646454444
'This fingular plant abounds in moft of our watry Ditches, particularly in fuch as divide the Meadows, and flowers
in May and June, continuing for a confiderable time in bloffom ; amonga variety of other places it may be found in.
a ditch on the right hand fide of the Field Way leading from Kent-ftreet Road to Peckham.
We do not find any author that mentions its poffeffing any properties to recommend it but its beauty and fingularity,
both of which it poffefles in a degree fufficient to command our admiration,
The leaves generally grow beneath the furface of the water and afford a Nidusif not Nourifhment to the frefh-water
Periwinkle and fome other {mall thell fifh.
Antient Botanifts have given it the names of Millefolium aquaticum, and Viola aquatica; the great number of its
leaves induced them, with fome propriety, to call it Mil/efolium, but why they fhould call it a Viola feems difficult
to determine, as the bloffom has nothing in its ftru&ure fimilar to the flowers of that Genus, Boerhave afterwards
called it Hottonia, in honour of Dr. Hotton, which name Linnzus has continued.
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ANAGALLIS Linnzi. Gen. Plant. Pen Tanne Monocynta.
| Rai. Syn Gen. 18. HERB FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI, FLORE MONOPET ALO,
A ANAGALLIS folis indivifis caule procumbente. Lm. iut Plant. 2116
ANAGALLIS pheeniceo flore. Baubin. Pin. 252.
ANAGALLIS mas. Fufchii. 18. Gerard. emac. 617. Parkinfon. 559. Oeder. Flor. Dan. tab. 88.
Ra. Sym. 282. Hudfon 73. Haller. Ef. 621. 626. Scopoli. Fl. Carniol. 139.
' RADIX fimplex, fibrofa, annua. ROOT fimple, fibrous, and annual.
CAULIS ramofus, proftratus, quadrangularis, levis,
STALK branched, procumbent, quadrangular, fimooth,
fubtortuofus, fig. 1.
and a little twifted, fir. 1.
FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, cordata, glabra, /ubtus punctis
LEAVES oppofite, {effile, heart-fhaped, fmooth, zz-
J'ufeis notata. |
derneath dotted with brown.
PEDUNCULI oppofiti, folis fere duplo longiores,
inflexi.
PEDUNCLES oppofite, nearly twice the length of
the leaves, bending downwards.
CALYX perfifüng, divided into five fegments, the
{egments triangular, and membranous at the
edges, jig. 2.
CALYX perfiftens, quinquepartitus, fegmentis trian-
' gularibus, alatis, membranaceis, fig. 2.
COROLLA monopetala, quinquepartita, laciniis ro- COROLLA monopetalous, quinquepartite, the laciniae
tundis, coccineis, ad bafin purpureis, mar- [
gine crenatis, fubpilofis, fig. 3, 4. notched, and hairy, fig. 3, 4.
STAMINA: FrLAMENTA quinque, erecta, pilo/iffima,
(pili articulati!) fuperne purpurea: ANTHERZ
oblong, biloculares, flavze, infidentes, fig. 5, 6.
STAMINA: five FILAMEN TS, upright, and very hairy,
(the bairs, when magnified, jointed!) at top
purplith: the ANrHER# oblong, bilocular,
yellow, and fitting on the filaments, Vis Voie
PISTILLUM : GERMEN rotundum : Srvrvs filifor-
mis, obliquus, longitudine filamentorum :
STIGMA fubrotundum, extra circulum faminum
locatum, fig. 7.
PERICARPIUM : CarsuraA rotunda, nitida, quin-
quenervis, fubdiaphana, circumciffa, fufca,
Jig. 8.
SEMINA plurima, angulofa, fufca, fis. 9.
PISTILLUM : the Gz&MEN round: the Srvr.gfiliform,
thellength ofthe filaments :[theSr16wA round-
ith, placed without the circle of the Stamina, JE. 7
SEED-VESSEL, a Carsvrz, round, fhining, brown,
flightly tranfparent, having five nerves, di-
viding tranfverfly into two equal parts, frg. 8.
X KE AG A KEKE NE HERE ETE MERE LEE KE hE 4h HEHE KE HEHE HE HEHE HEHE LE KEKE HEHEHE KE HEHEHE HELE HE CS HELE HELE
SEEDS numerous, brown, and angular, fig. 9.
NATURE feems to have taken uncommon pains in the formation of the flowers of this little plant; few poffefs
more livelinefs of colour, or greater delicacy of ftru&ure; this muft be fufficiently obvious to every common ob-
ferver; but when its minute parts come to be viewed by the microfcope, we are charmed with beauties altogether
noveland unexpected; we then find that the edges of the flowers, which to the naked eye appear a little uneven,
or hairy, are furnifhed with a number of little glands, placed on foot-ftalks; and that the hairs of the filaments,
which partly tend to diftinguifh this genus, are regularly jointed: the piftillum, which generally rifes upright
betwixt the ftamina, is here inclined to one fide, fo that the ftigma is placed without the circle of the ftamina.
The care which nature has taken likewife in the prefervation of thefe delicate parts from the injury of the weather,
is notlefs remarkable. Every morning, if the weather be fair and warm, the bloffoms fully expand; but if rain
falls, or there be much morfture in the air, the flowers quickly clofe themfelves up, to fecure the inclofed antherz
and fügma, from having their functions deftroyed. From this property, which it has in common with many plants
of the fame clafs, it has acquired the name of the Shepherd’s, or Poor Man's Weatber-glafy—They have remarked,
that if the flowers be open in a morning, it will prove a fine day, if fhut, the contrary.
The {mall Birds (Pafferes Linnai.) are fond of the feeds of this plant: and according to experiments made by
fome of Linnaus’s pupils, it appears that Kine and Goats feed on it.
It is very common in gardens and corn-fields, flowering all the Summer.
A variety with four leaves at a joint, fometimes occurs in a rich foil; but as it differs in no other part, and is a
mere variety, it fcarcely deferves a diftin& figure. It 1s alfo found with blue, and fometimes with white flowers:
but we have not obferved either of thefe varieties near London.
{carlet, purphíh at bottom, the edges flightly |
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BINDWEED.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Rai Syn. Gen. 18. HERBm FRUCTÜ SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO.
C/epium) foliis fagittatis, pofüce truncatis, pedunculis tetragotus, uniflotis. Linn. Syf.
foliis fagittatis, hamis emarginatis, angulofis, petiolis unifloris, ftipulis cordatis. maximis.
CONVOLVULUS Lei. Gen. Pl.
CONVOLVULUS
Vegetab. p. 168. Fl. Suecic. p. 64.
CONVOLVULUS
Haller. bil. V. 1. $. 295.
CONVOLVULUS Major dios. Baubin. pin. 294.
SMILAX levis major.
Gerard emac. 861. Parkinfon. 163.
Ran Syn. ps 275. Great Bindweed. Hudfon.
Fl. Angl. p. 74. Scopoli. Fl. Carniol. 141. Fl. Dan. icon. 458.
RADIX perennis, craffitie penne anferine, alba, fub
terra reptans et late fe propagans, vix eradi-
canda, Hortorum peftüs.
CAULES numerofi, volubiles, tortuofi, ftriati, orgyales,
fubramofi.
RAMI pauci, alterni, cauli fimiles.
FOLIA alterna, fagittata, poftice truncata, glabra, pe-
tiolata.
PEDUNCULI uniflori, alterni, tetragoni.
CALYX IwxvoLvCcRUM biphyllum, foliolis. oblongo-cor-
datis, fubcarinatis, venofis, purpurascentibus.
Js 2.
CALYX PzarAxTHIUM pentaphyllum, tubulofum, fo-
lolis ovato-lanceolatis, pallide virentibus. jig. 1.
COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis, lactea, limbo
lato, obfcure divifo, paululum reflexo.
STAMINA: FirawENTA quinque, fundo corolle in-
ferta, hirfutula, alba, fubulata; ANTHER#®
fagittatee, albze, infidentes. jig. 3.
PISTILLUM : Germen fubovatum ; STryrvs fubulatus
apice tortuofus ; SrrGMA bifidum. figs 4.5.
NECTARIUM : Glandula -crocea annuliformis ad bafin
Germinis.
PERICARPIUM: CarsurA fubrotunda, fuliginofa,
mucronata jig. 6. 7.
SEMINA angulofa, fuíca, Cotyledonibus mire convolu-
tis, fig. 8. g.
The plant which produces the Scammony is a fpecies of Convolvulus,
ROOT perennial, about the thicknefs of 4 goofe quill,
of a white colour, creeping under the ground
and propagating itfelf exceedingly, rooted out
with the greateft difficulty, and hence very
troublefome in Gardens.
STALKS numerous, twining, twifted, ftriated, gener:
ally about fix feet high and fomewhat branched.
BRANCHES few, alternate, like the Stalk.
LEAVES alternate, arrow-fhaped, apparently cut off
| behind, fmooth, and placed on foot-ftalks.
FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, alternate, fupporting
one flower only, and four íquare.
CALYX an Invotucrum compofed of two heart-fhaped
leaves, flightly keel-fhaped, veiny, and put-
pilis
CALYX a Perianruium, compofed of five leaves and
tubular, the leaves of an oval pointed fhape and
pale green colour. fig. 1.
COROLLA monopetalous, funnel fhaped, of a white co-
lour, the limb broad, obfcurely divided, and
turned back a little.
STAMINA: five FILAMENTS inferted into the bottom
of the corolla, flightly hairy, white and taper-
ing, the ANTHER# arrow fhaped, white, and
fitting on the filaments. fig: 3.
PISTILLUM : GznMEN fomewhat oval, STYLE taper-
ing, twifted at top; the STIGMA bifid. fig. 4 . 5.
NECTARY a yellow gland furrounding the bafe of the
Germen.
SEED-VESSEL a roundifh CapsuLe of a footy colour
and pointed. jig, 9. 7.
SEEDS angular and brown, the Cotyledons folded up
in a very fingular manner. jig. 9. 9.
Me He He 6 ARAL AH SE ALARA EAL LEAL AL He) ARAL ALAA AAEM GA He AH o) EA LIAR AR A
very fimilar to that which we have now
deferibed, hence Dr. Cullen and fome other Phyficians have conje&ured that our Convolvulus might poflefs
fimilar properties, but if it fhould be found to contain
its juice from being colle&ed in the fame manner with that which flows on
hardens and forms that purgative fubftance.
or any other preparation of them might poffefs a purgative. property,
of the Scammony plant, and which
from the exprefíed juice of the roots,
or if it fhould, whether: fuch a purgative would be fo
it defervedly into practice, is what we cannot pretend
- of the roots.
. ]t grows exceedingly common in our hedges, and
pained ground it is with the g
mon, it would doubtlefs be confidered, as it really is,
CuurcH, Surgeon, at Iflington,
quire a knowledge of our Englifh Infe&s) informs me that the
fig. 2.) feeds on this plant,
Moth, (vid. Roefel. Cl. 1. pap. nod. 1. 7.) is well knownto take its name from feed
My ingenious Friend Mr.
vein Moth, (vid. Clerc. Phalen. pl. 3.
the {mallnefs of it roots would prevent
incifion from the large root
Whether an extract made
fuch properties,
far füperior to any now in general ufe as to introduce
to decide on. Hogs are faid to eat and even to be fond
flowers in Auguft and September. Where it has once
reateft difficulty eradicated: was it not for this property and its being fo com-
a very ornamental plant.
(who has taken much pains to colle& and ac-
Caterpillar of the Phalena Vibicaria or Bloody
and the Sphinx Convolvuli or Unicorn Hak
ing on this plant alfo.
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SoLANUM DULCAMARA. Woopy NionrsHapk.
SOLANUM Linnai Gen. P, PENTANDRIA MOoNOGYNIA.
Pa S. Gen.16. Harpe BACCITERJE. ——
SOLANUM Dulcamara caule inermi frutefcente flexuofo, folis fuperioribus haftatis, racemis cy mofis.
Linn. Sp. Pl. pe 264.
SOLANUM Scandens feu Dulcamara, Bauhin. Pin. p. 176. Amara Dulcis, Gerard. emac. f. 350.
Solanum lignofum, Parkinfom p. 350. Raz Synopfis. 5. 265. Hudfon. Flor. Angl. p. 78.
Scopoli Flor. Carniol 5. 161. Haller. Hift. Plant. Helv. 5. 248.
RADIX perennis. ROOT perennial.
CAULIS fruticofus, fcandens, fiftulofus, ramofus, tu-
berculis parvis fubafper, leniter angulofus, or-
gyali et ultra.
STALK woody, climbing, hollow, branched, thinly
befet with {mall pointed tubercles, flightly
angular, and growing tothe hight of fix feet,
or more.
RAMI alterni, juniores purpurei. BRANCHES alternate, the younger ones purple.
LEAVES ftanding on foot-ftalks, of an oval pointed
fhape, foft, veiny, running flightly down
the ftalk, the /ower ones entire, the upper ones
halbert fhaped.
FOLIA petiolata, mollia, venofa, in caulem fubdecur-
rentia, mferiora ovata-lanceolata, integerrima;
Juperiora trilobo-haftata.
FLORES in CvMas racemofas difpofiti; pedunculi
florales ad bafin bulbofi, aut ex acetabulo quafi
prodeuntes.
FLOWERS growing in branched Cvw, the proper
peduncles of the flowers bulbous at their bafe,
or growing out of a kind of focket.
CALYX, a PEnrANTHIUM of one leaf, fmall, and pur-
ple, divided into five fegments, the fegments
bluntifh, perfifting, fig. 1.
CALYX:PznrANTHIUM monophyllum, parvum, qnin-
quefidum, purpureum, fegmentis obtufiufcu-
lis, perfiftens, fg. 1.
COROLLA monopetala, rotata: 'l'ugus breviffimus ;
LiMB2vsquinquepartitus, Lacrni1s lanceola-
tis, purpureis, reflexis; Faux nigra, nitida,
ad bafin fingulz laciniz maculae due, virides,
Sig. 3, 2+
COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-fhaped; the Tuse
very fhort; the Lims divided into five feg-
ments, the seEGMENTS lancet-fhaped, purple,
and turning back; the MovrmH black and
fhining; at the bottom of each fegment are
two roundifh green fpots, jig. 3, 2.
STAMINA: five FiLAMENTS, very fhort, of a black
purple colour, and inferted in the tube of the
Corolla. Five Aw THER, yellow, upright,
and uniting into a tube, with two holes at the
top of each, out of which the Porrw is dif-
charged, fiz. 4, 5.
PISTILLUM: the Germen pear-fhaped: the Srvre
tapering, a little longer than the Stamina;
the Stigma fimple and obtufe, jig. 6.
STAMINA: FiLAMENTA quinque, breviffima, tubo
Corolle inferta, nigro purpurea. ANTHERE
quinque, flava, erecz, in tubum fubconi-
cum coalitz, apicibus biforaminofis, jig. 4, 5.
PISTILLUM : GERMEN pyriforme : Srvrvs fubulatus,
Staminibus paulo longior : ST1GMA fimplex,
obtufum, fig. 6.
SEED-VESSEL: anoval, fcarlet, {mooth Berry, of
two cavities, the receptacle to which the feeds
is connected, is round on both fides, fg. 8.
PERICARPIUM : Bacca ovata, coccinea, glabra, bi-
locularis, receptaculo utrinque convexo, cui
femina adnectuntur, fig. 8.
SEMINA plures, lutefcentia, compreffa, obi Drs
SEEDS feveral, flat, fomewhat kidney-thaped, f. 9,
mia, pulpo odoris ingrati obteCta, jig. 9.
of a yellowifh colour, inclofed in the pulp,
which has a difagreeable fmell, fig. 9.
"64€ 4€ 666€ «€ LE KE HEHE HELE 446 1611 14101 HH KEKE KEKE HELE ELE HE KE LE LE GE HEE KE Ha [44 HEE AH He e ARE 1 AH EAE AG e 6
THE Woody Nightfbade has been commended as a medicine for many diftempers by the old Botanifts, in their
ufually lavifh manner: but PARKINSON fays, he found the juice of it prove a very churlifh purge. Lrww vs
prefers an infufion of the ftalk of this plant to any of the foreign woods, as a cleanfer of the blood; and
recommends it in inflammatory fevers, obftructions, the itch, and rheumatifm: and to render the knowledge
of plants as extenfively ufeful as poflible, he does not think it beneath him to remark, that the Swedj/p
Peafants make hoops of the ftalk of this plant to bind their wooden cans. Ray informs us, that the inhabitants
of Wefphalia, who are fubje& to the tcurvy, make ufe of a decodion of the whole plant as their common
drink, with fuccefs againft that diftemper.
FrovEm fays, that thirty berries of this plant killed a dog in lefs than three hours, and remained undigefted
in his ftomach. As thefe berries, from their refemblance, may happen by miftake to be eaten for currants by
children, it may not be improper to remark, that in fuch a cafe, it is advifeable to pour down inftantly, as much
warm water as poffible, to dilute the poifonous juice, and provoke vomiting, till farther affiftance can be had.
Goats and fheep are faid to feed on this plant; but our other cattle, vix. kine, horfes, and fwine, refufe it.
It grows plentifully in moift hedges, and blows from July to Auguft. The berries are ripe in September and
Oc&ober. It is fometimes found with a white flower.
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Lonicera Periclymenum. Honeyfuckle or Woodbine.
LONICERA Linnezi Gens Pl. Penranpria Monoeynta.
Raii Synopfis® ARBORES ET FRUTICES FRUCTU FLORI PETALOIDI CONTIGUO.
LONICERA capitulis ovatis imbricatis terminalibus, foliis dou diftin&dis. Lin. Sp. Pl. 247.
PERICLYMENUM. Fu/chii. Icon. 646.
. PERYCLIMENUM non perfoliatum Germanicum. Bauhin. Pin. 303. É
CAPRIFOLIUM Germanicum. Dodon. Gerard. emac. 891. Parkinfon. 1460. Rar Syn. 458. Hudfon FJ. 80.
. Haller. Hif. 301. Scopoli. Fl. Carniol. p. 153.
CAULIS ligoafs, volubilis, orgyalis et ultra; cortice STALK woody, twining, growing to the height of fix
pallide fufco; Rami oppofiti, purpurei. i feet or more, the bark a pale brown, the
Y BRANCHES oppofite and purple.
FOLIA oppofita, ovata, glabra, fubtus cerulefcentia. Y LEAVES oppofite, oval, {mooth, underneath of a blueifh
colour.
FLORES terminales, verticillatim difpofiti, patentes, $ FLOWERS terminal, growing in a whirl, and fpread-
rubr, interne flavi, odoratiffimi. : ing, externally red, internally yellow, and
fragrant
TEM; D "
CALYX: PrEniAwTHIUM fuperum, breviffimum, quin- Y CALY.X,aPEnrAN THIUM placedabovethe Germen, very
quepartitum ; fegmentis ovato-lanceolatis, e- r fhort, divided into five fegments, which are of
' recs, duobus inferioribus remotioribus, jig. 1. Y an oval pointed íhape, and upright, the two
Y inferior ones moft remote from each other, fg. 1.
BRACTE/ZE fubcordate, fig. 8, germina imbricatim $ FLORAL-LEAVES laying one over the other, and
cingentes, ad marginem precipue fcabrze, ut ¥ clofely embracing the Germina, reddifh at the
iunt calyx, et tubi bafis pilis glanduliferis. : edges, and covered, as well as the Calyx and
baíe of the tube, with glandular hairs, fic. 8.
COROLLA monopetala, tubulofa; Tusus oblongus, Y COROLLA monopetalous and tubular, the Tuse long,
fubinfundibuliformis ; LiwBus bipartitus, la- y and fomewhat funnel-fhaped ; the Lrw bipar-
ciniis revolutis, fuperiore quadrifida, fegmentis ¥ tite; the laciniz rolling back, the upper one
fere zequalibus, obtufis, inferiore integra, fig. 2. Y divided into four blunt and nearly equal feg-
Y ments, the lower one entire, fig. 2.
STAMINA: FinLawENTA quinque filiformia, corolla Y STAMINA: five white FILAMEN TS, ofan equal thick-
longiora, alba, tubo corolla inferta, fig. 3 : An-} nefs throughout, longer than the Corolla, and
THER# dum pollinem involvunt oblonge, in- Y inferted into its tube, fig. 3: the Aw THER,
cumbentes, poftea lunate, jig. 4. M while they contain the Pollen, oblong, after-
Y wards femilunar, and ofa yellow colour, fig. 4.
PISTILLUM : Germen fübrotundum, inferum, jig. 5.¥ PISTILLUM: the Gurmen roundifh, and placed be-
STYLUS fihformis, Staminibus paulo longior, Y low the Calyx, fi. 5: the Sryze filiform, a
fg. 6: Stigma capitatum, fubrotundum, tri- $ little longer than the Stamina, fg. 6: the
fidum, viride, fig. 7. STIGMA roundiíh, trifid, and ofa green colour,
4444446
Jg. 7.
PERICARPIA : Baccz plures, fubrotundz, rubre, um- Y SEED-VESSELS feveral roundifh red Berrigs, ha-
bilicatze, biloculares, omnes diftincte, jg. 9- Y ving the remains of the Calyx adhering to
| them, and all diftin&, ffe. 9.
SEMINA plura, lutefcentia, hinc convexa inde plana, ¥ SEEDS feveral, of a yellowifh brown colour, round
fig. 10. Y on one fide, and flattifh on the other, jig. 10.
- THE early writers attributed virtues to this officinal plant, which the latter have been inclined to give up. As
a medicine we muft not expect much from it: butthe beauty, fingularity, and exquifite fragrance of its flowers,
have long given it a place in our gardens. It is a climber, and turns from eaft to weft with moft of our other
Englifh climbers, and in common with them, it bears clipping and pruning well: for in a ftate of nature, thofe
plants that cannot afcend without twining round others, are often liable to lofe large branches ; they have, therefore,
a proportional vigour of growth to reftore accidental damages. This plant is fubje&, when placed near buildings,
to be disfigured, and injured, by {mall infects, called Aphides, or vulgarly blights: thefe animalculze were formerly
fuppofed to be brought by the eaft wind, and confequently the mifchief was looked upon as inevitable; but obfer-
vation has of late years corrected that error : their *hiftory is well known ; but no effe&ual remedy againft them,
is as yet difcovered. "Thefe infects are not very numerous in {pring, but as the fummer advances, they increafe in
a furprifing degree: to preferve the plant therefore from injury, it 1s neceffary to watch their firft attacks, cut off
and deftroy the branches they firft appear on; for when they have once gained ground, they are defended by their
numbers. We have {een fmall plants cleared of them, by fprinkling Spanifh fnuff on the infected branches; but
for large trees, this remedy 1s fcarcely practicable. "The leaves are likewife liable to be curled up by a fmall cater-
pillar, (Phalena Tortrix, Linnci.) which produces a beautiful little moth: fee Arsix's hiftory of Englifh Infedts,
pl. 73." Itis fed on by kine, goats, and fheep, but horfes refufe it.
To fhew the confufion of antient names it may not be improper to obferve, that this plant and Woodroffe,
(Afperula odorata,) have been both called Marrifylva by the old botanic writers. Our poets alfo, have ftrangely
confounded the names of this plant. SHAKESPEAR fays,
** So doth the Woodbine the fweet Honeyfuckle
* Gently entwift.”
Mitton feems to call this plant Eglantime, although that is an undoubted name for the Seveet Briar.
* Through the Sweet Briar, or the Vine,
* Or the twifted Eglantine.”
We find it plentifully in woods and hedges, flowering from July to September. Such plants as grow in fhady
places, produce blofloms of a paler colour, and they univerfally fmell fwecteft in the evening ; at which time fome
particular fpecies of Sphinges, (Linnai.) or Hawk Moths, are frequently ob{erved in gardens hovering over the blot-
-foms, and with their long tongues, which are peculiarly adapted to the purpofe, extracting honey from the very
bottom of the flowers,
*Vid. Reaumur and Georrroy.
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HEDERA Linncei Gen. Pl PenranprrA Monocynta. Petala quinque oblonga. Bacca quinquefperma
calyce cincta.
| Raii Syn. ArwvorEs Ev FRUTICES FRUCTU FLORI PETALOIDI CONTIGUO.
HEDERA Helix folis ovatis lobatifque. Linn. Sy. Vegetab, p. 202. Sp. Pl. 292. Fl. Suecic. b. 785
HEDERA folis fterilibus trilobatis, frü&tiferis ovato-lanceolatis. Haller hifi. belv. n. 826.
HEDERA Helix. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. t. 271.. Hudfon Fl. Angl p. 85.
HEDERA arborea. Baubin. Pin. 405.
HEDERA poetica. Baubin. Pin. 305.
HEDERA major fterilis. Baubin. Pin. 305.
HEDERA humi repens. Bawbim. Pin. 305. X
HEDERA arborea five fcandens et corymbofa communis. Parkinfon 678. | T7
HEDERA Helix Ger. Em. 858. Rai Syn. 459. Climbing or Berried Ivy: alfo Barren or Creeping Ivy.
och cis Je NODUM "SSE OM LL... ees ‘ i pons
'IRUNCUS in arboribus hujus fpeciei fenefcentibus cor- ¢ TRUNK; the trunk in trees of this fpecies, which
tice rimofo cinereo veftitur, in novellis ramis 4 are old, is covered with an afh-coloured chop-
viridis aut purpureus cernitur, fibrillas e la- ¢ ped bark, in the young branches it is of a
tere interiori exerit, quorum ope proximis green or purple colour; from the infide ofthe
arboribus aut parletibus innixus alta petit. i trunk a great numbet of {mall fibres are thrown
i out, by the afhítance of which, it fupports
itfelf on the neareft walls atid trees, and climbs
I ; aloft. —
Y LEAVES as various as poffible, while the plant creeps
4 they are in general trilobate; fometimes quin-
quelobate, leaving its fupporters, they become
FOLIA quam taxime varia, dum planta tepit plerum-
que trilobata, quinquelobata etiam occurunt ;
adminiculis dereli&is; ovata fiunt ; glabra, ni- I
tentia, hunc rubedine ofnata, nunc venis albis Y oval; fmooth, fhining, fometimes tictured with
pitta, prefertim in ramulis junioribus. : red, fometimes painted with white veiris, par-
n H ^. ticularly in the young branches.
FLORES lutefcentes, in fummitatibiis caulium umbel- i FLOWERS yellowifh, growing on the top of the ftalks
latim difpofiti, UwsErr denfze, globofe. y - in thick round UmBELs, |
COROLLA : quinque, ovata, flavefcentia, patentia. i COROLLA: Perats five; oval, yellowifh and fpread-
: Tore NC | MUS. n -
STAMINA : Fir AMENTA quinquelongitudine Corollz ; i STAMINA: five FinAmén's the length of the Co-
ANTHERJE& bafi bifide, incumbentes, fig. 1. 1 rola; ANrHER# bifid at bottom, and incum-
| 4 bent, jig. 1:
PISTILLUM: GeMEN turbinatum; SrYyrvs fimplex, Y PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundith; SrvL& fimple and
breviffimus; STiGMA fimplex, fig. 2. : _ . very fhort; STIGMA fimple, fig. 2.
PERICARPIUM: Bacca globofa, nigra, intus purpi- 4 SEED-VESSEL: a round Berry, externally black,
rea, quadrilocularis aut quinquelocularis, coro- Í internally purple, with four or five cavities each
nata receptaculo et ftylo conico brevi, loculis y containing one feed, crowned with the recepta:
monofpermis, fip. 3, 4. Ae NEN ele and fhort conic Style, fig. 3, 4.
SEMINA quinque, hinc gibba, inde angulata, fig. 6. i SEEDS Bre on one fide gibbous, on the other angu-
Y at, fig. 6.
- The Hedera Helix begins to blow in futiny afpe&s towards the end of September, and according to fitüition blof
foms on through October, and November. ‘This plant is one of the laft blowers, and is much reforted to by bees,
and flies of various fpecies, which fwarm on its branches, and feed on its bloffoms, making fuch a humming on
furiny days as may be diftinguifhed at a confiderable diftance. |
The berries encreafe in bulk gradually all through the winter months, and ate full formed by February; in
April they ripen and turti very black, and are eaten by feveral fpecies of thrufhes, and wild pigeons: "Thus does
fructification manifeftly obtain in this inftance all through the winter months, às well as in the moffes and lichens.
Sheep are very fond of Ivy, which in hard weather is a warm and wholfome food; and therefore fhepherds
in fnowy feafons cut down bfanches for their flocks to brouze on. Caro directs that in a fcarcity of hay, cattle fhould
be foddered with Ivy. |
Profeflor KArw, in his travels through the greateft part of N; America, faw but one plant of Ivy, and that was
running up the walls of a man's houfe : this fpecimen was probably carried thither by fomie European, who perhaps
was defirous of propagating in that new world, a plant that might ftill recall to his mind the pleafing Idea of his
native cottage, tufted with the foliage of this beautiful Evergreen.
The antients held this plant in great efteem ; their Heroes and Poets are defcribed as wearing garlands compofed
of it. The füppofition of its preventing intoxication is of very early date: Homier therefore mentions his Bacchus
as Ivy-crowned, and often deferibes his Heroes dritiking out ofa Cup made of the wood of Ivy. (xocvGiov.)
Caro tells us that with a cup of this kind we may diftinguifh wine that has been adulterated with water, forthe wine
will be difcharged and the water remain: to fuch an extravagant aflertion has this grave author been probably led
by relying on the fuppofed antipathy between the wine and ivy: This cup is ftill ufed in fome parts of the kingdom
as a remedy for a trembling hand ; but rational practice has not admitted any part of the Hedera into the Materia
Medica, Ivy-leaves however are faid to be fuccestully applied to painful Corns. When it trails on the ground its
branches are {mall and weak ; and its leaves are divided into three lobes ; but whenit climbs walls or trees it grows
much ftronger, andthe leaf changes to an oval form: thefe different appearances induced old Botanifts to fuppofe
there were two or three different fpecies. In its variegated {tate it fometimes appears almoft white, and may perhaps be
the Hedera alba, and pallentes Hedere of VirGi.
Few people are acquainted with the beauty of Ivy when fuffered to run up a ftake, and at length to form itfelf
into a ftandard, the fingular complication of its branches, and the vivid hue of its leaves, give it one of the firft
places amongít evergreens in a fhrubbery ; In woods when fuffered to grow large. and rampant, this plant by
twining round their bodies does great damage to timber trees; and therefore fhould be carefully deftroyed: but
in ornamented Out-lets, where evergreens do not abound, a few trees covered with Ivy have a very pleating
effect, and moreover induce birds of íong to haunt thofe thickets for the fake of the berries and fhelter.
In the Stump of Ivy many birds build their Nefts particularly the Black-bird.
When Ivy is prejudicial, it may eafily be deftroyed, tho’ it has fpread to a great height, by cutting through
its Trunk, and this fhows that the fibres which the Stalk throws out in fo fingular a manner ferve more to fup-
port than nourifh it. )
The foft wood of Ivy is made ufe of by Shoemakers to give a fmooth edge to their cutting knives.
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latium
Conium MAcULATUM Hzzwrock
CONIUM Linnei Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
| Raii. Syn. Gen. 11, UMBELLIFER# HerBa.
CONIUM maculaturi feminibus ftriatis. Linn. Syfl.. Vegetab. p. 229.
CICUTA Haller. bift. belv. n. 766. v. 1. f. 337.
CONIUM maculatum. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. p. 207:
CICUTA major Baubim. Pin. 160.
CICUTA orani. emac. 1o6r.
CICUTA vulgaris major Parkinfon 933. Ras Sym. p. 215. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 100. Storck. Cicut. Suppl. ps 7.
FE I. ie,
ROOT biennial, the thicknefs of ones finger, from fix
inches to a foot in length, frequently forked,
and not unlike that of a young Parínep, of a
difagreeable fmell and fweetifh tafte: in the ©
cond year of its growth when the plant ha
SO NAHE {tem, it becomes drier, more firm and
olid.
STALK about fix inches high, round, fhining, {mooth
and hollow, at bottom the thicknefs of ones
thumb, covered with a blueifh kind of powder
which eafily wipes off, and fpotted with red, to-
wards thetop branched and ftriated,
LEAVES. ‘The bottom leaves large, even two feet long,
ofa.dark green colour and fhining. many times
| pinnated, the pinnulz oblong and fharply cut in;
the SPATHA grooved.
INFLORESCENCE. The Univerfal Umbell is compofed
of many ftriated and fpreading Radii; the Par-
tial Umbell fimilar to it.
CALYX: the Uziver[al Involucrum confifts of 5 or 7 leaves,
which arelanceolate, turned back, and whitifh
at the edges, fig. 1: the Partial Involucrum is
compofed of 3 or 4 leaves, which furround one
.. half of the ftalk only, and {pread outward, jig. 2.
COROLLA : PET Ars five, white, unequal, heart-fhaped,
and bent in at top, fig. 3 oe
TAMINA: Firaments five, white, the length of the
Corolla; ANTHER# white, fiz. 3.
ISTILLUM: Germen beneath the Corolla, ftriated,
Jig- 3» 43 STYLES two, filiform and not very
Íhort; STIGMATA round, jig. 3.
FRUIT is roundifh, and compofed of two brownith feeds,
flattifh on one fide and round on the other, with
Jive notched and elevated ridges, fig. 4, 5.
RADIX biennis, craffitudine digiti, longa ufque ad pe-
dalem, in crura fepe divifa, Juniori Paftinace
haud diffimilis, odoris gravis, et faporis fubdul-
cis: fecundo anno in caulefcente planta íucco
fere caret, firma folidiorque evadit;
CAULIS orgyalis, teres, nitidus, levis, fiftulofus, ad
bafin craffitie pollicis, rore glauco tectus, et
maculis fanguineis pictus, verfus fummutatem
ramoius, et ftriatus. |
FOLIA inferiora magna, etiam bipedalia, atro-virentia,
nitentia, multiplicato-pinnata, pinnulis oblongis
. incifo-ferratis ; SPATHA fulcata.
INFLORESCENTIA. Uvubella univerfalis Radiis pluri-
mis patentibus ftriatis ; partialis confimilis.
CALYX : Involucrum univerfale e foliolis $--7 conftat,
- lanceolato acuminatis, reflexis, margine albidis,
jig. 13 partiale 3 aut 4 dimidiatis, extrorfum
patentibus, fig. 2.
COROLLA: PzrALA quinque, alba, inzqualia, in-
flexo-cordata, fiz. 3.
STAMINA: Finramenta quinque, alba, longitudine-
Corolle ; ANTHERZE albe, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM : Srvz:i duo, albi, filiformes, non admo-
dum breves ; Stigmata fubrotunda ; GeEr-
MEN inferum, ftriatum, fig. 3, 4.
FRUCTUS fubrotundus, e binis feminibus fufcefcenti-
bus componitur, hinc planiufculis, illinc gibbis,
cum irs quinque elevatis crenulatis, fig. 4, 5.
CO
rg
THE powerfull deleterious properties of this herb have been long known and acknowledged by all botanic writers ;
whence it has been commonly ranged in the clafs of Vegetable Poifons. And as fuch active principles under
fkilful management, are likely to .aflord the moft efficacious remedies, this plant has been. alfo admitted as an
article of the Materia Medica. Until lately however, the ufe of it: was chiefly confined to external applications,
where its narcotic qualities may undoubtedly affift in affwaging pain, forwarding fuppuration, &c. But in the
year 1760, Dr. Srorcx, a famous Practitioner at Vienna, publifhed a treatife on Hemlock, recommending
an extract made ofthe infpiflated juice of the herb to be taken internally, from four grains to fixty, or upwards, every .
day, as a cure for the Schrophula, Cancer, and others of the moft terrible and inveterate diforders incident -to
the human body. |
Our Phyficians though laudably cautious of admitting or trufting to novelties, received Dr. Srónck's publica-
tion with uncommon ardour, and perhaps no new medicine was ever more immediately or generally tried than
this Exiracium Cicute. ‘The fuccefs however not anfwering their expectation, led fome to think they had mifta-
ken the plant., The Author was applied to, and this produced a fupplement (printed 1764) wherein the fpecies
is figured, and clearly fhewn to be the Comum maculatum of Linnmus. It were to be wifhed this had cleared
up all difficulties. In his firft treatife the Doctor tells us that the frefh root fliced, yielded a bitter acrid milk, of
which a fingle drop or two being applied to the tip of his.tongue, prefently rendered it painful, rigid, and
fo much fwelled that he could not fpeak, Yet it is certain that the roots of our Hemlock may be chewed
and {wallowed in confiderable quantities without producing any fenfible effect. Mr. ArcHoRNE (who I believe
was the firft that laudably exerted himfelf in inveftigating this matter,) affures me that he has tried. this in
every feafon of the Year, and in moft parts of our Ifland, without finding any material difference: and that
z | he
he has alfo been well informed both from Berlin and Vienna, that the Hemlock Roots in thofe countries, are no more
virulent than ours about London, Mr. Timotruy LANE informs me, that he alfo with great caution made
fome experiments of the like kind, and in a fhort time found he could venture to eat a confiderable part of
a root without any inconvenience; after that, he had fome large roots boiled, and found them as agreeable
eating at dinner with meat, as Carrots, which they in tafte fomewhat refembled: and as far as his experience,
Joined with that 4of others informed him, the Roots might be cultivated in -Gardens, and either eaten raw
like Celery, or boiled as Parfneps or Carrots. That in Spring and Winter they are not woody as in Summer:
that he has eaten them from different places and in all feafons; and that he perceived fome roots were more
pungent than others, but not in any degree worthy notice. ;
The experiments of thefe ingenious Gentlemen fufficiently evince the innocence of the rooots of this plant,
contrary to what has been afferted by Dr. Srércx, and hence we may infer that whatever accounts have been
related by Authors of their poifonous qualities, the Roots of fome other Plant muft have been made ufe of.
In the poifonous quality of the Herb however all Authors feem agreed, but with refpect to its efficacy as a
medicine they very much differ. If we may believe Dr. Srércx, there is fcarce a difeafe. incident to the
human body which it either does not cure, or relieve; but it is remarkable that a coplous experience of
fifteen years, as well in the great Hofpitals of this Metropolis as in the private practice of the whole King-
dom, fhould not have afforded one inftance of a perfect cure by the Extract, at leaft none fuch has appeared
among the valuable colleCtions of cafes publifhed by our College of Phyficians and other Medical Societies. ‘Both.
Dr. ForHERGILL of London, and the late Dr. Rurry of Ireland, men of the greateft eminence in their profeffion,
have declared that the fuccefs attending it has not been equal to what they had reafon to expect from Dr. Sroncx's
account of it; (vid. medical obfervations and enquiries, vol. 3.) yet tho’ it had failed them in the cure of many of
thofe difeafes which unfortunately were the opprobia medicorum, it had proved beneficial in various ob{tinate com-
. plaints; Scrophulous tumours were to appearance diflolved by it; the progrefs both of occult and ulcerated
Cancers was retarded, the pain alleviated, and the difcharge changed for the better in every refpe&t; divers pu-
trid and fordid Ulcers were by the ufe of | Hemlock remarkably mended in their difcharge, and difpofed to heal,
in fome of which the Sublimate had been given in vain; hence the Extra& is ftill frequently ufed, and will
probably continue to be prefcribed, becaufe its effe&s as an Anodyne will often afford at leaft a temporary re-
lief, and becaufe in defperate difeafes a doubtful remedy feems better than none at all.
‘The taking of the Extra& is generally attended with a giddinefs and often with a pain ofthe head, naufea,
and other difagreeable fymptoms; in fome however its effects are apparently anodyne, as it eaíes pain and pro-
motes refteven where Opium has failed,
Phyficians feem fomewhat divided about the heft mode of exhibiting this medicine, fome recommending the
extract as being moft eafily taken in the form of pills, others the powder, as not being fubje& to that varia-
tion which the extra& is liable to.from being made in different ways. With refpe& to the period likewife
at which the plant fhould be gathered, they feem not perfectly agreed, fome recommending it when in its full
vigour, and juft coming into bloom, others when the flowers are going off and the whole plant has acquired
a yellowifh hue. ‘that the Extra& might be at all times equally active, and uniformly prepared, Dr. Cutten has
for many years recommended the making it from theunripe feeds, and this mode the College of Phyficians at Edin-
burgh has thought proper to adopt in their new Pharmacopceia.
Hemlock grows very frequently on banks by the fides of Roads, by hedge fides, and in Fields and Gardens, flower-
ingin the month of July:
We have a common Englifh Proverb that what is one Mans Meat is another mans Poifon, and agreeable to this are
the‘lines of Lucretius which relate to this plant;
““Pinguefcere Jape Cicutá
*: Barbigeros pecudes bomini quee eft acre venenum."
‘That it affords nourifhment to Birds likewife there is fufficient evidence, our learned Philofopher and accurate Na-
turahft Mr. Ray, found in the Crop of a Thrufh abundance of Hemlock feeds, at a time too when other vegetable.
food might be hadin abundance. It appears to be eaten by very few or no Infects.
The dried ftems or kexes are ufed by Boys for various purpofes.
The Hemlock is obvioufly diftinguifhed from our other umbelliferous plants by its Jarge and /potted flalk, by the dark
and /hining green colour of its bottom leaves, and particularly by their difagreeable fmell when bruifed, and which accord-
ing to Dr. SrorcK refembles that of Mice. The Fools Parfley and Scandix with rough feeds are the moft likely to be
miftaken for this poifonous plant, but may eafily be diftinguifhed if attention be paid to the defcriptions and figures we
have already given of them. |
eh
E
TA 4
nia
HM
pe
ial
dun Cynapium. oe B VEN
AL THUSA crNapium. Foows PansrEyv.
JETHUSA Limuei Gen. Pl. Pewrantrid Dicynta,
| Rai Syn. Gen. v1. UMBELLIFERH HERB&. |
JETHUSA (Cynapium) fohis conformibus. Linnei Syfl. Vegetab. b. 236. Flor. Suecic. p. 95.
JETHUSA. Haller. bift. m. 765. |
CICUTA minor petrofelino fimilis. Bauhin, Pin. p. 160.
CICUTARIA Apii folio. I Baubiz.
CICUTARIA tenuifola Gerard. emac. 1663. l |
, CICUTA minor five fatua Parkinfon. 933: Raii Sym. b. 215. the leffer Hemlock or Fool's Parfley. — Scopo:
Fl. Carniol, $. 206. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 107. Hill’s Britifb Herbal {mall Hemlock jab. 58.
icon peffime.
; : " à
RADIX annua, fufiformis, alba, minimi digiti crafftudine,
paucis fibris inftructa.
ROOT annual, tapering, of à white colour, about the
thicknefs of tbe little finger, furnithed with few
fibres. .
STALK from one to two feet high, upright, branched,
ftriated or flightly grooved, hollow, covered
with a blueifh kind of powder which eafily
wipes off, towards the bottom frequently of a
.,,., purple colour, but not /potted.
LEAVES: the bottom leaves and thofe of the branches
ferre pa ) fimilar, fmooth, on the upper fide of a dark
cato-pinnata, pinnis pinnatifidis, profunde in- green colour, underneath paler and fhining, twice
cifis, pinnulis ovato-acutis, mucronatis. Vagine pinnated, the leaves pinnatifid and deeply cut
t
Y
:
CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, erectus, ramofus, ftriatus, i
:
Y
Y
Y
M
Y
&
i
ad bafin petiolorum parvae, leves, marginibus I in, the fmall leaves or pinnule oval and termi-
Y
M
4
Y
4
Y
Y
EL
fiftulofus, glaucus, verfus bafin faepe purpureus,
non vero maculatus:
FOLIA radicalia et ramea conformia, levia, fuperne
atro-virentia, inferne pallidiora, nitentia, dupli-
membranaceis. nating in a fine point. The SmreATHs at the
) bafe of the foot-ftalks fmall, fmooth and mem-
,,. _branous at the edges.
FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, upright and grooved.
UMBEL: the 4miverfal umbel Ípreading, the inner
radii gradually fhorter, the inmoft very fhort ;
.—. , ,,the partial umbel like the univerfal.
INVOLUCRUM : the wniverfal InvoLucruM wanting,
— the fertia| one placed externally, and only
furrounding one half of the umbel, compofed o£
.., three very long, linear, and pendulous leaves, jig. 1.
COROLLA : five unequal, heart-fhaped, white PeT ats,
4 bent in at top, the outer ones largeft, fig. 2.
i STAMINA : five white Firamenrs the length of the
t Corolla, bending in! ANrHER# white, fome-
i _ times reddifh, fg: 3.
y PISTILLUM: Germey placed below the corolla, and
4 crowned by a glandular fubftance of a greenifh
ji colour: two STvrLEs firít upright, afterwards
Í bending downward : Sticmara blunt, fy. 4.
Y
Y
¥
Y
PETIOL/Í ere&i, fulcati. gery AL.
UMBELLA univerfalis_patens, radiis interioribus per
gradus brevioribus, intimis breviflimis; partialis
univerfali fimilis.
INVOLUCRUM uaiver/ale nullum, partiale dimidiatum,
extus pofitum, foliolis tribus longiffimis linearibus
pendulis, fig. 1.
COROLLA: Perara quiüque, alba; obcordata, in- j
zqualia, apice inflexa, exteriora majora, fig. 2.
STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, alba, longitudine
coroll, inflexa: ANTHER# albe&,nonnunquam
rubelle, f.
PISTILLUM : Germen inferum, glandulà virefcente
coronatum : STYLI duo, primum ereéti, dein
deflexi: SrIGMATA obtufa, fig. 4.
PERICARPIUM nullum: Fructus ovato-fubrotundus,
firiatus, bipartibilis, fig. 5.
SEED-VESSEL wanting: the Fruit or unripe feed of
an oval roundiíh fhape, ftriated, and dividing
into two parts, firs 5.
SEEDS two, ofa pale brown colour, convex and deeply -
ftriated on one fide, flat on the other, and
marked with a figure of an oval pointed fhape,
Jig. 6.
ONE of the principal advantages refulting to mankind from Botany, is the tightly afcertainiig thofe plants .
which até ufed for food, from thofe which are known to be poifonous. It not unfrequently happens that both
thefe kinds of Herbs grow in the fame foil, nay often in the fame bed together, and fo fimilar are they in their gene-
ral appearance, that the indifcriminating eye of the common obferver readily miftakes the one for the other, and
hence difeafes fatal in their confequences fometimes enfue. ‘To point out then the moft obvious diftin&ions between
fuch kinds of plants, is not only our bufinefs but our duty. .
The Fool’s Parfley feems generally allowed to be a plant which poflefles poifonous qualities.
Baron HarrEm has taken a great deal of pains to collect what has been {aid conéerning it, and quotes many
authorities to fhew that this plant (on being eaten) has been productive of the moft violent Íymptoms, fuch as
anxiety, hickcough, and a delirium even for the fpace of three months, ftupor, vomiting, convulfions and death:
He fufpects howeWer that the common Hemlock may fometimes have had a fhare in producing thefe fymptoms, as he
finds in authors that the Fool’s Parfley had been ufed by a whole family without any bad effet, although he ima-
gines this might be owing to the fmallnefs of the quantity eaten. Asa corroborating proof of its deleterious quality,
Linn us afferts that itproves fatal to geefe if they happen to eat it. AM
Altho’ it feems rather doubtful whether it be fo poifonous to mankind as is reprefented, yet it will perhaps be
moft prudent to confider it as fuch, until future experiments fhall determine its effe&ts with more certainty.
The plants to which this bears the greateft refemblance, are common Garden Parfley and common Hemlock, Conium macu-
latum; this fimilarity has been obferved by moft Botanic Writers, fome of whom have called it a kind ot Hemlock,
others a kind of Parfley ; it differs however confiderably from both thefe Genera. The colour of its leaves alone,
is nearly fufficient to diftinguifh it from Parfley ; thofe of. common Parfley are of a Jelloxvifb green colour, thofe of Fool’s
Parfley of a very dark green, and much more finely divided ; the leaves of Parfley when bruifed have a Jirong but not
difagreeable [mell, thofe of Fool’s Parfley have very little fmell in them. 'Thefe marks if attended to are futficient
to diftinguith the /eaves of thefe two plants, and in the ftate of leaves they are moft liable to be taken for one’ another,
as they grow together in Gardens, Where much Parfley is ufed, the Miftrefs of the houfe therefore would do
well to examine the Herbs previous totheir being made ufe of; but the beft precaution will be always to fow that
variety called curled Parlley, which cannot be miftaken for this or any other plant.
It is diftinguifhed from Hemlock by being in every refpe&t fmaller, and not having that {trong difagreeable fmell
which characterizes the leaves of that plant; the ftalk likewife is not fpotted as in the Hemlock; and laftly it is
diftinguifhed from a/l our umbelliferous plants by the three long, narrow, pendulous leaves which compofe its partial.
Anvolucrum, and which are placed at the bottom of each of the fmall Umbels. E
lt grows very common in Gardens, and all kinds of cultivated ground, and flowers in July and Auguft.
SEMINA duo, pallide fufca, hinc convexa, profunde
ftriata, hinc plana, figura ovato-acutá notata,
Jig. 6.
Shit
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Funda LUMbAIY US E
SCANDIX Awruriscus. Scanpix wrrTH ROUGH: SEEDS:
SCANDIX Limwei Gen. Pl. Panvanprta Dicynta
Raii Syn. Gen. II. UMBELLIFERJE siio |
SCANDIX "nibrifcus feminibus ovatis hifpidis, corollis uniformibus, caule levi, Linnei Syl. Fagetab. /2
237. Flor. Suecic. p. 93.
CAUCALIS vaginis lanuginofis, foliis triplicato-pinnatis, feminibus Soitiosis: Haller bif. m 743
MYRRHIS | Syiveltniss feminibus afperis. Bauhin pin. 160. " Parkinfon 93s. Ger. emac: 10 38. Rai Syn Be
220. Small Hemlock-Chervil with rough Seeds. Hhidjon Fl. gel. p. o8. Fatquin Flor.”
Aiiftriac Vol. 2. b. 35. tab. 154. |
RADIX annua, parva, albida, fubinfipida.- . ROOT annual, (mall, whitith, with little tafte,
CAULIS pedalis ad ttipedalem, fepe altior, fuberectus,
teres, fiftulofus, levis, ad genicula tumidus et
fubftriatus, plerumque viridis.
‘STALK from one to three feet high, frequently taller;
| nearly upright, round, hollow; fmooth, fwelled
and flightly ítriated at the joints, and moít
commonly green. :
LEAVES.» The fheaths formed by the bafe of the leaves
ate large and downy at the edges: the leaves
foft, tender, many timés pinnated, flightly
hairy, and of a yellowifh geen colour.
FOLIA. Vagina ad bafin foliorum magne, margini-
bus lanuginofis ; Folia mollia, tenera, multi-
plicate pinnata, hirfutula, ex luteo-virentia.
INFLORESCENCE an Umbell, ‘the UMBELLS oblique,
ftanding on footftalks, the general or univerfal
footítalk fhorter than the R'Apri; the uzver/al
Raprr from 3.to sj the partial Rapti from
2 to 6.
INFLORESCENTIA Unbella. UwmELr& oblique,
pedunculatze : Pedunculus univerfalis Raprrs
brevior, R ApI1 univerfales 3—5. glabri, pariia-
les 2—6.
CALYX: Involucrum univerfale nullum. Partiale plerum-
que pentaphyllum, foliolis lanceolato-acuminatis
ciliatis, perfiftentibus fig. 1;
CALYX. The univer fal Trvolucrum wanting, the Partial
one generally compofed ‘of five leaves, which
are pointed, hairy at the edges, and continue,
QS
COROLLA: five Prrars very minute, nearly equal,
white, fomewhat heart fhaped; the tips bending
in, fig. 2.
?
COROLLA : PETALA quinque, minima, fubzequalia
alba, fubcordata, apicibus inflexis. tion EM
3
STAMINA: five FILAMENTS, 3 little fhorter than the
Petals; the ANTHER# firft green, afterwards
brown, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM t the GERMEN oblong, placed beneath
the Corolla, flattifh, and rough, two STYLES
very fhort ff». 5.
. STAMINA: FrirAMENTA quinque, petalis paulo bre-
viora; ANTHER# primum virides, dein fufcae
FE 3.
PISTILLUM: GERMEN oblongum, inferum, fubcóm-
preffum, hirfutum, Srvri duo breves. dip e
SEEDS two, oblong, ofa dark brown colour, on one
fide flat and’ grooved, on the other convex,
running-out to a point, and prickly with ff
hooked*hairs, fg. 6.
SEMINA duo, oblonga, e fufco-nigricantia, bihc ful-
cato-plana, inde convexa, roftrata, pilis rigidis
hamatis undique aspera fig. 6.
SEPARA ILE TYE DAE LEE SESE 66464444 94464-44446 44444464444 464449464 444644 44444444 444445464646
pofe the umbell, the fizeand equality of the Pera/s, and the very different appearances of the Seeds, all unite to render
Some of the Umbelliferi are ufed in food, and others in medicine; the greateft'care will therefore be neceflary in
the drawing and defcription of thefe; and in this, no one feems to have fucceeded well as the celebrated Jacourn.
In the firft and fecond volumes of his Flora Auftriaca, lately publifhed, and which indeed are a moft valuable addition
to the {tock of botanic knowledge, a great number of thefe plants are figured and'defcribed.
This plant 5/0WS Very common on dry banks andin hedges, flowers from the beginning to the end of May, and
the feeds are tripe in June. When it becomes luxuriant, as it fometimes will from growing in a moift fituation, it
puts on Íomewhat the appearance of the common Hemlock, but may eafily be difnguifhed from that poifonous plant,
if attention be paid to the following particulars: The leaves of the Hemlock are perfectly fmooth ; thefe have a
flight hairinefs, are more finely divided, and of a paler green ; the ftalk of the Hemlock is fpotted ; this is not; the
Hemlock has a general involucrum, which in this plant is wanting ; the feeds of the Hemlock are {mooth, and thefe
are rough 3 the Hemlock has a {trong difagreeable fmell; this not difagreeable, but more like Chervil, to which in
its virtues 1t fhould feem neareft allied,
La
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4
AusiNE MEDIA. Common Cnuickweep,
ALSINE Linnai Gem. Pl, Pentandria 'ÜürcYNIA
Cal. c-phyllus. Petala 5-eequalia. Caps. t-loculatis, 3-valviss
. Rail Syn, Gen. 24, Herte PENTAPETALJE VASCULIÉERA
ALSINE media. Limuei Syf, Vegetab. b. 246. Flora Suecic. pe Sh
ALSINE folüs petiolatis, ovato lanceolatis, petalis bipartitis Haller hi. helv. m 886.
ALSINE media. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. n. 376.
ALSINE media. Baubin bim. b. ago.
ALSINE media {eu minor. Gerard emac. 611. Raii Syn. f 447, Common Chickweed, Hudfon Fl. Angl,
- pe 113. Oeder El. Dan. 528 438. i
RADIX annua, fibrofa, capillacea.
CAULES plures, tenelli, teretes, fubrepentes, ramofi,
viticulis geniculati, unifariam birfuti, apicibus
fenfim incraflatis.
FOLIA ovato-acuta, glabra, leviter ciliata; inferiora
petiolata, fuperiora feffilia, connata.
ROOT annual, fibrous, capillary,
STALKS numerous, tender, round, {triking root here
and there, branched, jointed and ftringy, Aairy
on one fide only, growing thicker towards the top.
LEAVES of a pointed oval fhape, fmooth, flightly hairy
at the edges, the lowermoft ftanding on foot-
ftalks, the uppermoft feffile, connate,
FOOT-STALKS of the leaves broadeft at bottom, and
hairy. '
FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, each fuftaining one
flower, proceeding from the bofoms ofthe leaves,
hairy, when the flowering is over hanging
down, finally becoming upright.
CALYX: a Pertanruivum of five leaves, each of which
is lanceolate, concave, flightly keel-fhaped at
bottom, with a margin at the edge, hairy, and
longer than the Petals, fig. 1.
COROLLA confifts of five white fhining PETArs, di-
vided nearly to the bafe, fig. 4, 4, £f
STAMINA: five white FiLAMENTSs, placed betwixt
the Petals, furnifhed at bottom with a little
Gland; ANTHER#® roundifh, of a purplith
colour, jig. 5, 6.
PISTILLUM : Grrmen fomewhat oval ; Srvr.Es three,
.. filiform ; SriGMATA fimple, fg. Vp
SEED-VESSEL a CarsuLE of one cavity, fplitting
into fix valves, fig. 8.
SEEDS from eight to fifteen, fomewhat kidney-fhaped,
of a brownifh orange colour, with a rough fur-
face, connected to the receptacle by little
foot-ftalks, jig. 9, 10, magnified.
PETIOLI ad bafin latiora, hirfuti.
PEDUNCULI uniflori, axillares, hirfuti, pera& floret
centià. penduli, demum erecti.
J CALYX: PERIANTHIUM pentaphyllum, foliolis lanceo-
latis, concavis, {ubcarinatis, marginatis, hir-
futis, Petalis longioribus, fig. 1.
COROLLA: PETALA quinque, alba, nitida, ad bafin
fere partita, fig. 3, 4, 5.
STAMINA: Finamenra quinque, alba, inter Petala
locata, Glandulà ad bafininftru&ta; AN THERE
fubrotundz, purpuraícentes, fig. 5, 6.
PISTILLUM: Germen fubovatum; Srytr tres fili-
formes ; Stigmata fimplicia, fig. 7.
PERICARPIUM : CarsurA unilocularis, in valvulas
fex dehifcentes, ffe. 8.
SEMINA. o&o ad quindecem, fubreniformia, afpera, e
fufco-aurantiaca, pedicellis receptaculo connexa,
JE g. I0, duck
REALE E A5 644 664 4144€ HEE FE ELE LENE AEE AEE AEE ELE EEA LA e 446 LEE RELA 4
CHICKWEED being a plant which will grow in almoft any fituation, is confequently liable to affüme many
different appearances: when it grows in a rich foil, and fhady fituation, it will frequently become fo large as to
refemble the Ceraftium aquaticum ; while at other times, on a dry barren wall, its leaves and ftalks will be fo minute,
as to make tbe young botanift take it for fome fpecies different from the common Chickweed : happily however it
affords marks which 1f attended to, will readily diftinguifh it from the Cerafiium, and every other plant: exclufive
of its differing from the Cera/fium in its generic charaéter, its Petals are fhorter than the leaves of its Calyx ; while
in the Cera/tium they are longer; hence a confiderable difference will be obfervable at Artt fight in the fize of the
flowers of thefe two plants: and from all other plants related to it, it may be diftinguifhed by the fingular appear-
ance of its ftalk, which is alternately hairy on ome fide only. .
_/The moft common number of its Stamina with us is five ; yet I have often feen it with lefs, and fometimes with
more ; and this inconftancy in the number of its Stamina has been noticed by moft botanic writers: Govan, in his
Flor. Monfpel. mentions from 3 to 10, with as many Piftilla; this circumffance with refpe&t to the number of its
Stamina, unfortunately feparates it from other plants with which it appears to have by nature a very near relation :
but as five Stamina appear to be its moft conftant number, LixN vs could not have placed it amongft thofe plants
with ten Stamina, without doing violence to his Íyftem.
Of annual plants there are few more troublefome : it fows itfelf plentifully in the fummer, and remains green
throughout the winter, flowering during the whole time, ifthe weather be mild: but its chief feafon for flowering
is in the fpring. In rich garden mould, where the ground is highly cultivated, and in the fields about town, it
does a deal of mifchief: by the quicknefs of its growth and the great number of its Íhoots, it covers and choaks
many young plants; hence it fhould be carefully weeded from dunghills. |
The feeds are very beautiful, and have the greateft affinity to thofe of the Cerafium | aquaticum.
When the flowers firft open, the foot-ftalks which fupport them are upright; as the flowers go off they
hang down; and when the feeds become ripe, they again become ere&ed.
"Liww vus has obferved that the flowers open from nine in the morning till noon, unlefs rain falls on the {ame
day, in which cafe they donot open: from what little obfervations I have made on this plant, it is not fubje& to be
affected precifely in the fame manner here, having feen in the month of March, the bloffoms continue rather widely
expanded after repeated fhowers of rain.
It 1s confidered as a wholefome food for Chicken and fmall Birds, whence, as Ray obferves, it has obtained its
name : boiled it refembles Spinach fo exa&ly as fcarcely to be diftinguifhed from it, and is equally wholefome, being
a plant which may be procured almoft any where very early in the fpring, it may be no bad fubftitute where
Spinach or other greens are not to be had in plenty, and much preferable to Nettle-tops and other plants which the
lower fort of people feck afterin the {pring with fo much avidity. Swine are very fond it, and prefer it to T'urnep-tops.
It is eaten by many Iníe&ts, particularly by the Caterpillar of the Phalena Villica or Cream Jps Tyger Moth, and
other hairy Caterpillars of the Tyger kind.
As a medicine it contains no active principle; but is frequently apphed to hot, painful, and inflamatory fwellings,
either by. itfelf, bruifed, or mixed with poultices, with good fuccets,
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ERICA Line: Gen Pl. Ocranpria Monocynia.
Cal. 4-phyllus. Cor. 4-fida. Filamenta receptaculo inferta. — Zztberee bifide.
Caps. 4-locularis. |
Raii Sym AmsomEs ET FRuTICES.
ERICA zefralix folus quaternis ciliatis, floribus capitatis imbricatis,
ERICA zeralix, antheris ariftatis, corollis ovatis, ftylo inclufo, foliis quaternis ciliatis, floribus capitatis.
Linn. Syfl. Vegetab. 5. 302. Fl, Suecic. m. 337.
ERICA ex rubro nigricans fcoparia. Bauhin Pim. 486.
ERICA Brabantica folio Coridis hirfuto quaterno. I. B. 1.- 358.
ERICA pumila Belgarum Lobelio, fcoparia dare Parkinfon. 1482.
ERICA major flore purpureo. Gerard emac. 1382 — Rai Syn. f. 471, Low Dutch Heath ar Befome Heath,
Hudfon Fl. Angl. b. 144. Oc0der Fl. Dan. icon. 81.
STALKS {fhrubby, about nine or twelve inches high,
branched, roughifh from the remains of the
leaves which have fallen off.
CAULES fruticofi, dodrantales aut’ pedales, ramofi,
fufci, fcabriufculi ex reli&amentis foliorum.
FOLIA quaterna, ovato-linearia, patentia, prope flores
cauli adpreffa, marginibus inflexis, ev/iatis, ciliis
glandulà terminatis, fuperficie fuperiore plana,
inferiore concava.
LEAVES growing by fours, of an oval-linear fhape,
' fpreading, near the flowers preffed clofe to the
ftalk, the edges turned in and ciated or hairy,
each of the hairs terminating ina {mall round
globule, the upper furface flat, the inferior
furface concave.
FLOWERS hanging down one over another all one
.FLORES fecundi, imbricati, in capitulum congefti,
way, forming a little head, ofa pale red colour.
carnel.
CALYX: Perrantuium hexaphyllam, foliolis hirfu- $ CALYX: a PEnrANTHIUM of fix leaves, the leaves
tis, duo inferiora ovato-lanceolata, cetera li-
nearia, fig. 2. fhape, the reft linear, fig. 2.
COROLLA oval, monopetalous, the mouth divided inte
COROLLA ovata, monopetala, ore quadrifido, laciniis
7 four fegments, which turn back, jig. 3.
reflexis, fig. 3.
STAMINA: eight FILAMENTS, tapering, white, fhor-
ter than the Corolla, inferted into the recepta-
cle; Aw THER arrow-fhaped, clofing together,
purple, having two apertures for the difcharge
of the Pollen, and two little horns, fig. 4, 5. 6.
STAMINA: FiraMENTA octo, fubulata, alba, corollà
breviora, receptaculo inferta; ANTHER# fagit-
tate, cConniventes, purpurea, biforaminofz,
bicornes, fig. 4, 5, 6.
PISTILLUM : Germew cylindrical, flightly grooved,
villous, furrounded at bottom by a gland,
fg. 7, 8; SrvrE filiform, purplith, jig. 9.
STIGMA blunt, fig. 10.
PISTILLUM: Geren cylindraceum, fubfulcatum,
villofum, glandulà ad bafin cin&um, fig.7, 83
SrvrLvsflformis, purpurafcens, ffe. 95 STIG-
MA, obtufum, fg. 10.
SEED-VESSEL : a roundifh CAPsvLE covered with a
kind of down, cut off as it were at top, hav-
ing four valves, fig. r1, 12. |
PERICARPIUM: CarsurA fubrotunda, villofa, apice
truncata, quadrivalvis, fig. 11, 12.
SEEKERS LE 64 HEHE EEE LE KEE AE EE AEA EAE AEE 364414 KEKE 44 44114 44 KEKE 44443 4140446 /414 414 449444149440 AL AE LAL ARAL
SEMINA plurima, minuta, flavefcentia, fig. 13, 14. SEEDS numerous, minute, and yellowifh, fig. 13, 14.
THIS fpecies of Heath, though not applicable to fuch a variety of ufes-as fome of the others, isnot in-
ferior to any of them in the beauty and delicacy of its flowers, which in general are of a pale red colour,
but fometimes they occur entirely white.
It is obvioufly enough difünguifhed from the reft, not only by its flowers growing in a kind of pendulous
clufter on the tops of the ftalks, but by its leaves alfo, which growing by fours on the ftalk, form a kind of
crofs; thefe are edged with little ftiff hairs, each of which has a fmall globule at its extremity.
At the latter end of the Summer it contributes its fhare with the others to decorate and enliven thofe large
tracts of barren land which too often meet the eye in many parts of this kingdom.
It delights to grow in a moifter fituation than fome of the others, and will thrive well enough in gardens,
if taken up either in Spring or Autumn with a quantity of earth about its roots: this is neceffary, as the
Heaths -in general bear tran{planting ill.
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SNAKE-WEED.
POLYGONUM ZLmneiGen. Pl. OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
Raii Synoffís, Genus quintum. HERBE FLORE IMPERFECTO Ss STAMINEO, (VEL APETALO
POTIUS.) | | |
POLYGONUM JgBiforta caule fimpliciffimo, monoftachyo, folis ovatis in petiolum decurrentibus. Linnaz
Syfl. Vegetab. 5. 311.
POLYGONUM radice lignofa contorta, fpica ovata, foliorum petiolis alatis. Haller. Hifi. v. 2. 258.
COLUBRINA Seu Serpentaria foemina. Fufcbi icon. 774.
SERPENTARIA mas five Biftorta. Fufchz icon. 773.
BISTORTA major radice minus intorta. Baubin. Pin. 192.
BISTORTA major radice magis intorta. Bauhin. Pm. 192.
BISTORTA major Gerard emac 399. major vulgaris Parkinfon 391. Raw Symepfs 147. Hudfon. FT. EL
| 146. Flor. Dan. Ic. 421.
RADIX perennis, crafütie digiti, plus minufve in- Y ROOT perennial, the thicknefs of one's finger, more or
torta, externe caftanea, interne carnea, fibris y lefs crooked, externally of a chefnut, internally
et ftolonibus plurimis inftru&a. à; of a flefh colour, furnifhed with numerous fibres
and creepers.
STALK from one to two feethigh, /imple, nearly upright,
folid, jointed, (the joints fwelled,) round and
{mooth,
TIPULZE enclofng the Stalk as in a fheath, at top
-membranous, withered, the mouth oblique.
EAVES : the bottom leaves fomewhat heart fhaped and
pointed ; waved at the edges, {mooth, under-
neath blueifh and continued down the footítalks,
the upper leaves embracing the ftalk, and ter-
minating in the ftipulz.
FLOWERS growing thickly in a fpike, the {pike of
, an oblong oval fhape.
BRACTEJZE membranacez, marceícentes, biflores, bi- ¥ FLORAL LEAVES membranous, and withered, con-
valves, valvula inferiore tricufpidata cufpide taining two flowers and having two valves, the
medio longiore quafi ariftata, flores pedicellati, y lower valve three pointed, the middle point
pedicellis calyce longioribus. running out into a kind of arifta or beard, the
flowers growing on footftalks which are longer
Lt ; : j than the Calyx.
CALYX | five COROLLA fubovata, quinquepartita, ¥ CALYX on COROLLA, of an oval fhape and flefh
carnea, laciniis ovatis, obtufis, concavis. ffg. 1. 3. ¥ coloured, divided into five fegements, which ate
Y oval, obtufe, and concave. jig. 1. 3. —
STAMINA: FiLAMENTA otto, fubulata, alba, corolla i STAMINA: eight Firaments, tapering, white, and
CAULIS pedalis aut bipedalis, fimplex, fuberectus, Ío-
lidus, articulatus, (geniculi tumidi) teres, levis.
[V2]
STIPULZE vaginantes, apice membranace, mar cefcentes,
ore obliquo.
FOLIA cordato-lanceolata, undulata, fubtus cerulefcen-
tia, glabra, inferiora in petiolos decurrentia, fu-
periora amplexicaulia in ftipulas definentia.
644444444644 4 4 4 e ARIA e ARS AA
FLORES fpicati, fpica oblongo-ovata, denfa.
Ae
646A
longiora, ANTHERE biloculares, purpurafcentes, Y longer than the Calyx; the AwTHERz bilocu-
incumbentes. jig. 2. i lar, purplifh, and laying acrofs the filaments.
| ] Y Jo. s
PISTILLUM: GERMEN triquetrum, fanguineum, 5rYLI Y PISTILLUM the GERMEN three {quare, of a deep
tres longitudine ftaminum; STIGMATA parva, y red colour, three Srvrzs the length of the
rotunda. fig. 5. 6. 7. Y Stamina; the SriGMATA fmall and round.
: ) : | Í Jo. Bea
NECTARIUM: glandule rubra in fundo calycis, fig. 4. : NECTARIUM: on {mall red glands in the bot-
IT : : tom of the Calyx. fg. 4.
SEMEN triquetrum, fufcum, mucronatum, nitens, ver- Y SEED: triangular, brown, pointed, and fhining as it
nice quafi obductum. jig. 9 Y ond ? , hinng as 1
5 i varnihed. fig. 8.
. WHEN a Plant not intended to be cultivated, in any refpe& prevents the growth of one which is the object of
Cultivation, fuch a plant, however beautiful, may with propriety be called a Weed; nor will the elegance or utility
of the Biftort, fecure it in the efltimation of the Farmer, from that appellation. :
This Plant generally grows in moift Meadows, and flowers in May and June; when it has once taken root, it
propagates very faft, and frequently will form large patches, to the exclufion of a confiderable portion of the Gris 3
nor is it deftroyed but with the greateft difficulty. Happily, our Farmers about Town are pretty much ftrangers ne
this Plant, as it 15 met with but rarely. It grows plentifully in a Meadow by thefide of Bi/hop’s\ Wood near Hapztflcad,
and my obliging Friend Dr. ALLEN informs me he has found it about Batter/ea. ae
As an aftringent Medicine, the Biftort appears to poffefs confiderable virtue, and as fuch may with propriety be
. made ufe of in all cafes where aftringents are required ; but more particularly in long continued evacuations s the
Bowels, and other difcharges both ferous and fanguineous. It is recommended alfo to faften teeth which are loofe aid
may be ufed either in powder, infufion, or extract. fit could be procured in futficient quantity to make it anfwer
it might well be applied to the.purpofe of tanning Leather. ' 1 j
in fome parts of England the leaves are eat as 2 Pot-herb.
=}
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PorvcouvuM PransiCARIA. COMMON. SPOTTED
PERSICARIA.
POLYGONUM Linn@gi Gen. Pl. Octanpria TRIGYNIA. |
Rai Syn. Gen. ; HERB FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO, VEL APE'TALO POTIUS,
POLYGONUM Perfaria foribus hexandris femidigynis, pedunculis levibus, füpulis ciliatis, fpicis ovato-
oblongis erectis. J rr. P ANE 1
POLYGONUM $1 Perficaria foribus hexandris digynis, fpicis ovato-oblongis, folus lanceolatis, füpulis ciliatis;
Lin. Syft. Vegetab. b. 312. Flor. Suecic. p. 130.
POLYGONUM foliis ovato-lanceolatis, fubhirfutis, fpicis ovatis, vaginis ciliatis, Haller. bif. Helv. v. 2. p. 257.
PERSICARIA mitis maculofa et non maculofa. Bauhin. Pin. p. 101. "
PERSICARIA maculofa Gerard. emac. 445. vulgaris mitis feu maculofa. Parkinfon. 856. Raw Syn. ed. a. p. 145.
4. 4. Dead or fpotted Arímart. Hudfon Flor. Angl. p. Y47. m 4- Scopoli Fl. C.rniol $. 279.
RADIX fimplex, fibrofa. EF ROOT fimple and fibrous. |
CAULIS ere&us, ad bafin aliquando repens, pedalis ad $ STALK upright, fometimes creeping at bottom, from
tripedalem, ramofus, teres, glaber, ad genicu- one to three feet high, branchec , round, {mooth,
los fenfim incraflatus, fzepe rubens: fub geni- gradually thicker at the joints, often of a red
culis puncta radicalia difcernantur quamvis huic colour: a little beneath each joint tome radical
Ípeciei non propria. points are obfervable, which however are not
peculiar to this fpecies. r
BRANCHES alternate, proceeding from each joint,
{preading, frequently very much fo.
STIPULA® embracing the ftalk, frequently full ofa vit-
cid liquid, and terminated by long cilie or hairs.
LEAVES lanceolate, with fhort foot-fialks, the edge
and midrib flightly hairy, fmooth on both fides,
in general having a large fpot on the middle of
the leaf fomewhat like a horfe fhoe.
FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, fmooth.
FLOWERS growing in fpikes, ofa bright rofe colour,
the {pikes terminal, upright, of a fomewhat
oval fhape.
CALYX : aPerianruivm divided into five fegments,
coloured, and perfifting, the fegments oval and
obtute, fig. 1, 2.
COROLLA wanting. |
STAMINA: fix FitraAMENTs inferted into the bottom
«E eH
RAMI alterni, e fingulo geniculo prodeuntes, patente
feepe diffufi.
STIPULA® vaginantes, liquore vifcido fepe replete,
ciliatae.
FOLIA lanceolata, fubpetiolata, margine nervoque me-
dio fubhirfutis, utrinque levia, maculà ferrum
equinum quodammodo referente fzepius notata.
PEDUNCULI lzves.
FLORES fpicati, rofei, Spicze terminales, erectze, fubovatze.
?
‘
CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, coloratum,
perfiftens, fegmentis ovatis obtufis, jig, 1, 2.
COROLLA nulla.
STAMINA : FizAMENTA fex fundo calycis inferta lon-
gitudine corolla ANTHER# rubentes, fig. 2.
of the Calyx, the length of the Corolla; th:
ANTHER# redih, fig. 2.
PISTILLUM : Germen oval and flat, or three-fquare,
Fig. 3, 6. SvvLE divided down to the middle into
two, often into three parts, fig. 5, 8. STIGMATA
two or three, and round, jig. 4, 7.
SEED one, fhining, either of an oval pointed fhape and
flightly convex on one fide, fig. 9, 11. or
three-iquare, fig. 10, 12.
PISTILLUM : GERMEN ovatum, compreflum, aut trique-
trum, fg. 3, 6. SrvLus ad medium ufque bifidus
|Jepe trifidus, fig. 5, 8. STIGMA duo aut tria
= . i
) fubrotunda, jig. 4, 7.
SEMEN unicum, nitidum, aut fubovatum, acuminatum,
ad unum latus leviter convexum ; fig. 9, 11, aut
trigonum, jig. IO, 12.
—————— AL REALL hE AL ALA LAL AL AL heh Kit Lok rh Lich ih hk ALA LA Rich Gch Gabel
The very great fimilarity which exifts between the feveral fpecies of the Polygonums, has occafioned no {mall de-
gree of trouble to Botanifts, in rightly afcertaining the limits of each Species and Variety ; a difficulty not to be
overcome while Books are confulted more than Nature. Senfible of the truth of this obfervation, and earneftly
defirous of arriving at fome certainty on this fubje&t, we have examined a vaft number of all the different Species and
Varieties of Polygonum which our neighbourhood affords, compared them with one another, fown the teeds, and
cultivated many of thems and if we do not deceive ourfelves, have reduced fome of the more difficult ones to
their true Species and Varieties.
As what we relate concerning thefe plants is no more than the refult of the moft accurate and repeated inveftigation,
affifted by the microfcope, we fhall be the lefs concerned becaufe we differ from Authors of the moft refpectable
Authority. |
The writer who gives an account of all the known plants in the univerfe, cannot be fuppofed to have the oppor-
tunity of being fo minutein his enquiries as one who defcribes the plants of a particular {pot, which as they grow
are conftantly the obje&s of his attention.
We have ventured to alter Linneus’s Specific defcription of this plant, which ftands thus.
Polygonum floribus bexandris digynis, [Bicis ovato-oblongis, folis lanceolatis, ftipulis ciliatis. | to
Polygonum floribus bexandris femidigynts, pedunculis levibus, fiipulis ciliatis, [picis ovato-oblongis ere£tis.
We have not made this alteration from an idle defire of differing from fo great a Man, whom we truly refpe& and
revere, but folely to make the diftinGtions betwixt thofe plants more obvious, and thereby add our mite to the
general {tock of Botanic knowledge. In fpecific defcriptions, the diftinguifhing marks fhould as much as poffible
be contraited or oppofed to each other, in thefe plants this does not feem to have been fufficiently attended to. What
we have principally in view by altering the Specific defcription is to diftinguifh it from the Polygonum Penfylvanicum
and its varieties, of which there are feveral, and to which the Polygonum Perficaria in its general habit is exceeding
nearly allied. :
In all the flowers of this Species which we have examined, the Style has been divided juft half way down,
hence we have called the flowers Semidigyni, had it been divided down to the bafe they would with propriety have
been called D;eys. In moft of the flowers the Style is divided into two parts, and the Germen is a little convex
on each fide, in fome of the flowers the ftyle is divided into three, hence thofe flowers might be called Sem-
Irigynt, and when this is the cafe the Germen is always triangular. In the Polygonum Penfylvanicum the Style is di-
vided nearly to the bafe, this difference then in the divifion of the Style, is of confiderable eonfequence in diftinguifh-
ing the two Species and their varieties from each other.
The footftalks which fupport the flowers in this Species, are quite fmooth, in the Polygonum Penfylvanicum, they
~ are befet with a great number of minute glands, which gives them a manifeft roughnefs, and contributes to charac-
terife that Species.
The Stipule are furnifhed with long Ciliz or Hairs, particularly towards the top of the plant, in the Pe/ygeaum
Penfylvamcum thete are wanting. ‘Thefetwo plants likewife differ much in the form of their feeds, of which we {hall
fpeak more fully in our account of the latter.
The flowers always grow in upright {pikes of an oval fhape more or lefs round; by thefe two chara&ters this
Species is at once diftinguifhed from the Polygonum Hydropiper, the {pikes of which are filiform and pendulous.
The leaves are moft commonly fpotted, but this is neither conftant nor peculiar to this Species, and difference of
fize only forms the principle variety to which it is ‘fubject. |
It grows exceedingly common in all our Ditches, and flowers in Auguft and September; its bloffoms are beautiful
and laft a confiderable time, was it not fo common, it would probably bethought worthy of a place in our Gardens.
No particular virtues or ufes are attributed to it,
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Potyconum Pensy.vanicum. — Park.rLowrRED
PERSICARIA. |
POLYGONUM .ZLimei Gen. Pl. OcrANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
Raii Syn. Gen. 5. HHERBJE FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO(VEL APETALA POTIUS.)
POLYGONUM floribus hexandris, digynis; ftipulis muticis ; pedunculis fcabris; feminibus utrinque
depreffis. .
POLYGONUM floribus o&andris digynis, pedunculis hifpidis, foliis lanceolatis, ftipulis muticis.
| Linnei Syfl. Vegetab. Sp. Plant. p. 519.
PERSICARIA mitis major foliis pallidioribus. D. Bobarti, Dead Arfmart the greater with pale leaves.
Rai Sym. ed. 3. f. 145. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 148.
RADIX fibrofa, annua. ROOT fibrous and annual.
CAULIS tripedalis circiter, teres, glaber, fiftulofus, ¥ STALK about three feet high, round, fmooth, hollow,
ramofus; rami patentes, geniculis maxime in- branched, the branches fpreading, and the
crafiatis. joints very much fwelled.
FOLIA ovato-lanceolata, fupra glabra, fubtus glandulis ¥ LEAVES of an oval pointed fhape, fmooth on their
punctata, fepe pubefcentia, ciliata, nunc ma- upper furface, underneath dotted with fmall
culata nunc immaculata. glands, and often downy, edged with little
hairs, fometimes with and fometimes without
Ípots.
FOOT-STALKS of the leaves hairy underneath, with
a flight roughnefs to the touch.
STIPUL/ rib'd at bottom, and not terminated by any
hairs.
FOOT-STALKS of the flowers rough with little glands.
PETIOLI fubtus hirfuti, fcabriufculi,
STIPULZ bafi nervofz, mutice.
PEDUNCULI pilis brevibus glanduliferis fcabri. fig. 1.
Spee Ts
FLOWERS of a greenifh colour, fitting on fhort foot-
ftalks, and. growing thickly together; fpikes
oval, and when the feeds are ripe drooping
a little.
CALYX: aPzniANTHIUM divided into five fegments,
which are oval and obtufe, jig. 2, 3.
COROLLA wanting.
STAMINA: fix FizzAMENTS, tapering, white, a little
fhorter than the Corolla ; AN THER x bilocular ;
PorrzN globular, fig. 4.
PISTILLUM: Germen fomewhat oval; Srvrx divi-
ded nearly down to the bafe; Sy1GMA TA two,
roundifh, fig. 5, 6.
SEED heart-fhaped, pointed, flat, with a depreffion in
the middle, {hining, fig. 9, 10, of its natural
fize, fig. 7, 8, magnified, fometimes obtufely
triangular, fig. 12.
FLORES herbacei, pedunculis brevibus infidentes, denfe
glomerati, Ípicze ovate, feminibus maturis fub-
nutantes.
CALYX: PrenrAWTHIUM quinquepartitum, laciniis o-
- iy LL
vatis, obtulis, jig. 2, 3.
COROLLA nulla.
STAMINA: EizaAMENTA fex, fubulata, alba, Corolla
paulo breviora ; AN THERJE biloculares ; Por-
LEN globofum, fig. 4.
PISTILLUM : Germen fubovatum ; Sr vrvs fere ad
bafin divifus; Stricmatra duo fubrotunda,
digg eo. |
SEMEN cordatum, acuminatum, compreffum, medio
depreffum, nitidum, fs. 9, 10, magnit. nat. Sig
7, 8, lente au. fubinde obtufe triquetrum,
Jig. 12.
The plant here figured, is the Perficaria mitis major folus pallidioribus, D. Bobarti, and which is particularly
defcribed in the 3d. edition of R Av's Synopfis, p. 145 : from the confonancy of this defcription, with that which
Lixw xus had given of the Polygonum Penfylvanicum, in the 3d. edition of his Sperces Plantarum, Mr. Hupson fet it
down in his Flora as that fpecies: and Linnaus, inthe laft edition of his Syfema Vegetab. as a confirmation of our
Englifh Polygonum’s, being the fame with his Pen/ylvanicum, quotes Boparts’s defcriptive name.
By Rav, Linnzvus, and Hunpson, then, it is made a diftind {pecies ; by Hatter it is confidered as a variety
of the Polygonum Perficaria; but as the Baron forms his judgment from dried fpecimens that were fent him, in which
many of the diftinguifhing chara&ters of this plant would be unavoidably loft, he feems the moft likely to be miftaken :
I fhall therefore join in making it a diftin& fpecies; and I truft fhall give fuch ftriking additional characters, as will
fettle this matter beyond difpute. -
The true Polygonum Penfylvanicum (for there are feveral varieties of it) has the greateft affinity with the Polygonum
Perficaria, but differs from it in the following particulars, viz. place of growth, fize, füpulz, leaves, foot-ftalks of
the leaves, foot-ftalks of the flowers, ftyle, and feeds.
While the Polygonum Perficaria ufually delights to grow by the fides of moift ditches, the Pen/ylvanicum prefers a
richer and more luxuriant foil ; and fo common is it with us about town, that there is fcarce a dunghill on which it,
may not be found : indeed inits attachment to this particular foil, it refembles many of the Chenopodiums or Oraches.
Was it never to occur in other fituations, fome might be ready to fufpe& that it was a variety ofthe Perfcaria anfing
from richnefs of foil ; but it is frequently found in other places: and I remember once to have feen the Polygonum
Perficaria, Hydropiper, aud Penfylvanicum, all growing by the fide of a ftream within fix inches of each other.
In its moft common ftate itis much larger than the Polygonum Perficaria, and its joints in particular are more fwelled ;
its Stipulz are much more ftrongly rib’d at bottom, and have no Ciliz ; its leaves are broader, the veins fomewhat
deeper, and more ftrongly marked ; the hairs on the edges of the leaves more vifible, but particularly fo under the
foot-ftalk of the leaf, to which they give a manifeft roughnefs : in the uppermoft leaves the under fide is generally ~
dotted with very minute glands, while in the lowermoft it is covered with a kindof down: this laft chara&ter, though
contrary to what Linnaus afferts, is never feen in the Polygonum Perficaria ; but in this fpeciesit is always more or
lefs predominant. The foot-ftalks of the flowers are thickly befet with little yellowifh glands, ftanding on fhort
foot-{talks, which fometimes extend half way down the plant ; this appearance never or exceeding rarely occursin the
Polygonum Perficaria: the flowers are of a pale or greenifh hue, and form thickerand larger {pikes than in the Polygonum
Perficaria, and when ripe are foheavy as frequently to hang down a little: the Style is divided very nearly down to
the Germen, while in the Polygonum Perficaria it is divided only half way ; and this divifion of the Style, 1 look upon
as one of the moft conftant and certain criteria of this fpecies: laftly the form of the feeds contributes not a little to
the farther afcertaining and fixing it ; in the Per/icaria the feeds are either triangular, or of a pointed oval íhape, with
a little convexity on each fide; in this fpecies it 1s in general flat, with a deprefion on each fide; it is alfo larger and
broader ; now and then a feed occurs forming an unequal triangle, but thefe are very rare, while the triangular feed |
is moft frequent in the Polygonum Perjficaria.
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Potyconum PENSYLVANICUM. VAR. CAULE MACULATO.
SPOTTED-STALK’D PERSICARIA.
PERSICARIA latifolia geniculata, caulibus maculatis. D. Rand. Ra Syn. pr 145.
PERSICARIA maculofa procumbens folis fubtus incanis. Ra Sym $.. 146. eadem eft planta folo
autem minus leto proveniens.
Such then is the difference, which from repeated examinations, I have been able to difcover betwixt the Polygonum
Perficaria and the Penfylvanicum in its moft common ftate ; in this {tate however it does not always occur, but is fub-
ject to more Varieties than any of our other Perficaria’s: without any defire of multiplying them, I make the follow-
ing, having found them all about London: |
1 Polygonum Penfylvanicum. var. caule et floribus rubris.
SP UN e nM SI erus arre te oy caule. maculato.
Pe QI PREISEN ACEITE. foliis fubtus incanis.
"The firft of thefe varieties is very often found with the true fpecies on dunghills, as alfo in corn-fields, and is like
it in every refpe& excepting its colour, the ftalks and flowers being red, but not fo beautifully bright as thofe of the
Polygonum Perficaria. |
"Ihe fecond variety here figured, which indeed comes near to a diftinct fpecies, grows much in the fame
fituations, and oftentimes with the Polygonum Perficaria in the ditches about St. Georges-felds, particularly in a
large ditch on the right-hand fide of the road between the end of Blackman-Street and Newington, where it is very com-
mon in the month of September. It not only differs from the other in having its ftalk fpotted with red, a cha-
raCter which it keeps very conftantly, but its fpikes are much flenderer, rather more fo even than thofe of
the Perficaria, of a red colour, but not quite fo bright as thofe of that plant: the under fide of the foot-ftalk
of the leaves is remarkably rough; the little glands on the foot-ftalks of the flowers, and the parts of the
fructification are fimilar to thofe of the true ípecies, but the feeds are {maller: when this variety grows in the
rich foil abovementioned, it is full as large as the Pen/ylvanicum itfelf ; but when it grows in a different foil and fitua-
tion, as on the watery parts of Blackheath and Peckham-Rye, it becomes much fmaller, generally has its leaves white
underneath, and will certainly be taken for the Polygonum Perficaria if not attentively examined : its {potted ftalk and
the roughnefs of the foot-ftalks of the leaves will however readily difcover it.
The third variety, with leaves hoary on the under fide, is found here and there in corn-fields and other places,
where the foil is not very rich, and is obvioufly enough diftinguifhed.
Befides thefe ftriking varieties, it is fubjet, like all other plants, to vary in fize according to the richnefs or poverty
of the ground on which it grows, and likethe Polygonum Perficaria, its leaves are fometimes {potted and fometimes not.
This defcriptive account will perhaps appear tedious and uninterefting to fome ; if however by thefe practical ob-
fervations, the obfcurity which has hitherto dwelt on this difficult Genus, fhall in fome degree be removed, and the
road of inveftigation made eafier to the young Botanift, I fhall think my time ufefully employed ; I would not how-
ever with him to take upon truft what is here advanced, but to examine each plant and its feveral parts for himfelf;
thus he will become improved, and be able perhaps to throw a ftill greater light on the fubject.
The Sparrow and other fiall Birds are very fond of the feeds of this fpecies and its varieties: but the
Farmer fhould carefully weed them from his dunghills.
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Potyconum Hyproprrer. Brrinc Persicaria or
Warer Pepper.
POLYGONUM Limnai Gen. Pl. Octanpria Tricynia.
Cal. o. Cor. g-partita, calycina. Sem. 1, angulatum.
Rai Syn. Gen. HERB FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO VEL APETALO POTIUS.
POLYGONUM Hydropiper floribus hexandris femidigynis; folis. lanceolatis, undulatis, immaculatis ;
fpicis filiformibus nutantibus.
POLYGONUM Hydropiper floribus hexandris femidigynis, foliis lanceolatis, ftipulis fubmuticis. Linn.
Syf. Vegetab. f. 312.
POLYGONUM foliis ovato lanceolatis, fpicis florigeris, vaginis calvis. Haller. bjf. p. 256. m. 1554.
POLYGONUM Efjdropiper. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. m. 467.
PERSICARIA urens feu Hydropiper. Bauhin. pin. 101.
PERSICARIA vulgaris acris feu minor. Parkinfon. 856.
HYDROPIPER. Gerard. emac. 445. Rail Syn. p. 144. Water-pepper, Lakeweed or Arfmart, Hud/om
Pap MAD. | |
RADIX annua, fibrofa.
CAULIS erectus, ramofus, bafi nonnunquam repens,
pedalis ad tripedalem, geniculis incraffatis, de-
| mum ruberrimus.
FOLIA lanceolata, undulata, e viridi flavefcentia, glabra.
ROOT annual and fibrous.
STALK upright, branched, fometimes creeping at bot-
tom, from one to three feet high, the joints
{welled, finally becoming very red.
LEAVES lanceolate, «vaved, of a yellowifh green colour
and {mooth.
STIPUL ciliated.
FLOWERS growing in fpikes, which are flender and
finally drooping.
CALYX: a PEnrANTHIUM divided into four fegments,
Jprinkled with very minute glands, the fegments
blunt and hollow, fig. 1, 2, 3.
COROLLA wanting .
STAMINA fix white Firaments; ANTHER# white
and bilocular, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM: Germen oval; Srvrz bifid, divided
down tothe middle; two round STIGMATA,
STIPULZ. ciliate.
FLORES fpicati, fice tenues, demum nutantes.
CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quadripartitum, glandulis mi-
nimis adfperfum, lacinus obtufis, concavis, jig.
ep
COROLLA nulla. :
STAMINA: FirAMENTA fex alba; Aw'rHER E albz
biloculares, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM: Gerrmen ovatum ; SrvLvs bifidus, ad
medium ufque divifus ; ST1GMA TA duo, ro-
funda cda e OR NONE E |
SEMEN ovato-acuminatum, caftaneum, fig. 6. SEEDS of an oval pointed fhape, and chefnut-colour,
| yn |
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It is one of the maxims laid down by the Author of that fyftem of Botany which at prefent is fo defervedly held
in efteem, and which I truft for the fake of this delightful {cience will for ever withítand the attempts of all thofe
" who frame fyftems merely to raife themfelves into confequence, that in all fpecific defcriptions tafte is to be ex-
cluded: fome may perhaps be ready to treat this as too dogmatical, but when they come to find that both the
Hydropiper and Sedum acre, plants which in general are very hot and biting, fometimes are found infipid, they will
readily adopt it as founded in ftri propriety.
The prefent fpecies of Polygonum very properly receives its name of Hyaropiper from its hot and biting tafte,
which appears to arife from its effential oil difperfed in little cells or glands all over the plant, but more particularly
obfervable on the Calyx with a fmall magnifier, and which, if tafted, will be found to be more biting than any
other part of the plant: this quality which is peculiar to the Hydropiper, generally leaves a ftrong Idea of the plant
on the mindofthe 'Tyro: but itis has other more invariable characters whereby it may be diftinguifhed. Notwith-
ftanding its obvious difference from the other plants of this genus, apparent even to fuch as know very little of
Botany, both Scororr and Harrrm feem to entertain doubts whether it be really diftin& from the P. Perfcaria -
and P. minus.
The three plants as they ufually grow, and I have feen them all three grow together, are certainly diftin& enough :
but there are fome intermediate varieties which bring them very neartogether, and perhaps juftify fuch fufpicions:
a variety of the Hydropiper, {carce differing in any other refpect but its infipidity, I have now and then met with
in the fame fituation as we ufually find the true fpecies: from the P. Perficaria it differs principally in its leaves,
{pikes, form and fize ofits feeds ; and firft its leaves are of a yellower hue, more undulated, and never marked with
any fpots ; its {pikes are flender, and when the feeds are ripe they bend and hang down; the feeds are much larger,
more acuminated, and of a chefnut colour; its ftipule are very evidently ciliated ; though Hatter makes their
want of ciliz one of its ftriking characters; and Linnaus alfo calls them /ubmutice, which certainly tends to
miflead. .
It 1s the only Perficaria that has any pretenfions to be an active medicine: given in infufion or decoétion it proves
. diuretic, hence it is made ufe of in the Dropfy and Jaundice; andthe diftilled water of it is recommended by BoyLe
as efficacious in the Stone and Gravel: Linnaus informs us that the plant will dye Woolen cloth of a yel-
low colour. .
Although the herb is fo acrid, the feeds are infipid and nutritive.
It is found in great abundance in all thofe places which lie under water during the Winter, flowers in Sep-
tember, generally a month later than the P. Perficaria: in expofed places it "becomes very red in going off.
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Potyconum avicutarr. Birps Potyconum or
E Kwor-Grass.
POLYGONUM Linnei Gen Pl. OcrAwNDRIA TRIGYNIAs
Cal o. Cor. §-partita, Calycina. Sem. 1. angulatum.
Raii Syn. Gen 5. HERBJE FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO, (VEL APETALA POTIUS.)
POLYGONUM avicware foribus o&andris trigynis axillaribus, foliis lanceolatis, caule procumbente
herbaceo. Linn. Syf. Vegetab. b. 312. Sp. Pl. 519. FL. Suecic. m. 339.
POLYGONUM procumbens, folis linearibus, acutis, floribus folitariis. Haller bif. m 1560.
POLYGONUM aviculare. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. n. 471.
POLYGONUM mas vulgare. Gerard emac. 451.
POLYGONUM mas vulgare majus. Parkinfon 443.
POLYGONUM fíeuCentinodia. IL. Bauhin 3. 374. Raii Sym. p. 146. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 149.
ROOT annual, fimple, woody, furnifhed with many
fibres, taking {trong hold of the earth, fo as to
be with difficulty pulled up, and of an aftrin-
gent tafte.
RADIX annua, fimplex, lignofa, multis fibris donata,
terram firmiter apprehendens ut extirpatu diffi-
cilis fit, fapore adítringente.
STALKS feveral, generally procumbent, fometimes
nearly upright, about nine inches in length,
branched, flender, ftriated, {fmooth, round,
jointed, the joints a little fwelled.
CAULES plures, plerumque procumbentes, interdum
vero fubere&i, dodrantales, ramofi, tenues,
ftriati, laeves, teretes, geniculati, ad geniculos
paululum incraffati.
LEAVES varying exceedingly, oval, lanceolate, or
fometimes even linear, alternate, fimooth,
proceeding from the fheaths of the Stipulz.
FOLIA quam maxime variantia, ovata, lanceolata aut
etiam linearia, alterna, levia, e vaginis ftipu-
larum prodeuntia.
STIPULZ forming a fheath round the joints, mem-
STIPULZE vaginantes, membranacez, albide, nitidz,
branous, white, fhining, at top fibrous.
apice fibrofz.
FLOWERS axillary, proceeding with the leaves from
FLORES axillares, e vaginis ftipularum cum folis
the fheaths of the Stipule.
prodeuntia.
CALYX: aPzenrANTHIUM divided into five fegments,
the laciniz oval, concave and fpreading, the
lower half green, the upper half white and
often coloured, ffs. 1, 2.
CALYX : PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, laciniis o-
vatis concavis, patentibus, dimidio inferiore
viridi, fuperiore albo, fzpe colorato, fig. 1, 2.
COROLLA nulla. COROLLA wanting.
STAMINA : eight Fit AMENTS fhorter than the Corolla,
ANTHERZ yellow, fig. 2, magnified.
STAMINA: FirLAMENTA oéto corolla breviora ; AN-
THERJ flave, fig. 2, auct.
PISTILLUM: GzawzNw triangular ; Srvrg the length
ofthe Stamina, triid ; STIGMATA three, round,
jig 3, magnified.
PISTILLUM : Germewn triquetrum; Srvrvs longi-
tudine ftaminum, trifidus; STiGMATA tria,
rotunda, ffe. 3, aud.
SEED triangular, of a blackifh colour, contained with-
SEMEN triquetrum, nigricans, intra calycem, fig. 4.
in the Calyx, fig. 4.
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_ Thofe plants which have been obferved to be eaten by cattle, have often obtained the name of Gra/s, al-
though they have not pofleffed the leaft fimilitude to thofe which are real Grafles, and the prefent plant is one
ofthefe. Cattle in general are fond of it, and hogs in particular eat it with great avidity. "The feeds afford
fuftenance to many of the fmall birds, whence it has acquired the name of aviculare. The Caterpillar of the *Phalena
rumicis (with us the Knot-gra/s Motb,) Ihave frequently found feeding on its leaves, although it is by no means
confined to this plant: in Sweden, Linnamus informs us it feeds on the Dock (Rumex,) and Sow-thiftle.
This fpecies of Polygonum may be confidered as one of our moft common plants; it delights to grow in a
fandy or gravelly foil, on banks, and by the fides of roads and paths, being of quick growth, and Ípreading
a great deal of ground; it often covers whole fields, that by turning in of cattle, have had their natural coat
of grafs deftroyed. :
Where a plant of this fpecies happens to grow fingly in a rich foil, it will often cover the fpace ofa yard
or more in diameter, and the leaves become broad, and large; but when it grows very thick together, by the
fides of paths, it is in every refpect fmaller, and the ftalks are more upright. It is fubjeét, like moft other
plants, to feveral varieties, and of thefe are the Polygonum brevi anguftoque folio, and the Polygonum oblongo angufto-
que folio of C. Baubine.
It has been confidered by antient writers, as poflefüng fome medical virtue, particularly as an Aftringent,
and is by them recommended in Diarrhzas, Dytenteries, Bleeding at the nofe, and othar Hemorrhages; but in
the prefent practice, its ufe feems juftly fuperfeded by more efficacious medicines.
* Vid. Linn, Faun, Succic. p. 318) m. 1200, Roefel, ch a. Pep. No. t, 27. Albin Inf. ph 22.
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PERSICARIA.
POLYGONUM © Linnei Gen. Pl. OcranprtA TRIGYNIA,
J i. ry * : b. y
Cal o. Cor. g-partita calycina. Sem. 1, angulatum.
Raii Syn. Gen. 5. HERBIE FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO VEL APETALA POTIUS»
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POLYGONUM minus foribus hexandris, fübmonogynis, folis lineari-lanceolatis, caule bafi repente.
POLYGONUM minus hexandris digynis folis lanceolatis, ftipulis ciliatis, caule divaricato patulo.
Hudfon Fl. Angi. p. 148. :
POLYGONUM folis ovato-lanceolatis, glabris, fpicis ftrigofis, vaginis ciliatis. Haller. Dif. p. 257.
| ego
PERSICARIA ‘minor. Bazhin Pin. 1014? angufüfolia. Bawhin Pim. 101. 3?
PERSICARIA pufilarepens Ger. emac. 446. Parkinfon. 857. Raii Syn. 145. 2. Small Creeping Arfmart.
PERSICARIA anguftifolia ex fingulis geniculis florens. Mer. Pin. go? ‘Ravi Sym 145. 3. Narrow-
leaved Lakeweed.
RADIX annua, fibrofa.
CAULES plures, dodrantales, aut pedales, Jaf repentes,
demum fuberecti, geniculati, (geniculis paulu-
lum incraffatis,) leves, rubicundi.
ROOT annual, and fibrous.
STALKS feveral, about nine inches or à foot high,
creeping atbotiom, then becoming nearly u pright,
jointed, (the joints fomewha thickened,)
{mooth, of a reddifh colour.
LEAVES Zerwixt linear and lanceolate, {carcely any ap-
| pearance of veins, on thier upper furfacefmooth.
STIPUL forming fheaths round the joints, and
ciliated.
SPIKES flender and a little drooping, proceeding from
each joint of the ftalk.
CALYX: a PEnraNTHIUM divided into five fegments,
which are obtufe and hollow, fg. 1.
COROLLA wanting.
STAMINA fix Firaments; ANTHERJE bilocular,
and white, within the Corolla.
PISTILLUM: Germen oval or triangular; STYLE
filiform, at top bifid or trifid; 5TIGMATA two
or three, round and turned back, fig. 2, 3.
SEEDS ovalor triangular, of a chefnut colour, nearly
of the fame fize and fhape as the Polygonum
Perficaria, fig. 4, 5.
N. B. All the parts of the fructification are magnified,
FOLIA Jineari-lanceolata, pene avenia, fuperne glabra,
STIPULZ vaginantes, ciliate.
SPICAZE tenues, parum nutantes, e fingulis geniculis
prodeuntes. |
CALYX: PrznuiANTHIUM quinquepartitum, perfiftens,
coloratum, laciniis obtufis concavis, fig. 1.
COROLLA nulla. 1 e
STAMINA: Firamenra fex; ANTHERE biloculares,
alba, intra Corollam.
PISTILLUM: GznMEN ovatum aut triangulare; Srv-
Lus filiformis, apice bifidus aut trifidus ; ST1G-
MATA duo aut tria rotunda, reflexa, fig. 2, 3.
SEMEN aut ovato-acutum aut triangulare, caftaneum,
magnitudinis fere et forme feminis Polygoni
Perticariz, ffs. 4, 5.
N. B. Omnes partes fructificationis lente augentur.
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If the opportunity of fecing this plant growing wild had ever occured to the celebrated Swedifh Botanift, he would
doubtlefs have confidered it as a diftinct fpecies; at prefent he has placed it in the laft edition of his works, the
Syflema Vegetabilium, as a variety of the Polygonum Perficaria, probably mifled by dried fpecimens of the plant:
thofe who truft to fuch are exceeding liable to deceive both themfelves and others, particularly in plants whole
parts of. fru&ification (from which it 1s fometimes neceffary to draw fpecific differences) are very minute—thofe in
the living plants are with difficulty enough diftinguifhed, 2àd in dried fpecimens not to be inveftigated.
Whoever has obferved the appearance which the Polygonum minus and Perficaria ufually put on, muft have been
ftruck with the great diffimilarity of the two in their general habits; and if they have taken the pains to examine the
parts of fru&ification, they will, Lam perfwaded, be convinced that both Mr. Ray and Hupsow are juftifiable in
making them diftin& fpecies.
It differs from the Polygonum Perficaria in its fize, growth of its ftalk, fhape of its leaves, form of its fpikes, and .
divifion of its Piftillum. In height it feldom exceeds a foot, whereas the Perficaria often occurs a yard high; the
ftalk of this fpecies creeps at bottom, in the Perficaria it never does: it is trae in the Perficaria, and moft of the;
Polygonums, a number of little roots pufh themfelves out at the joints, which are next the ground; butin this Ípecies
. the ftalk at bottom is abfolutely procumbent; whilft in the Perficaria itis always upright ; the leaves are much nar-
rower, approaching rather to linear than lanceolate, and on their upper furface have much lefs appearance of veins,
than in the Perficaria; the fpikes; inftead of being oval or nearly round, and upright, as in the Perficaria, are flender
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and a littledrooping: the Piftillum, which is a part of very great confequence in determining many of the fpecies and
varieties of this genus, is flightly divided at top only ; while that of the Perficaria is divided half way down ; hence
as I have called that fpecies /emuzigyuous, Y have called this fubmonogynous.
Hitherto I have met with this plant growing wild no where but in Tothill-felds, Weftmiufler, where it makes ample
amends for its fcarcity elfewhere, being found inthe greateft abundance in the watry parts of thofe fields, along with
the Sy/ymbrium fylvefire in the month of September, when it is in full bloom.
At prefent it does not appear that it has any thing more than its fcarcity to recommend it to our notice.
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Butomus umbellatus. Flowering Rufh, or Water Gladiole.
BUTOMUS Linnei. Gen. PL ENNEANDRIA HEXAGYNIA.
Rai Syn.Gen. 17. HERBH MULTISILIQUJE SEU CORNICULATA,
BUTOMUS umbellatus. Linn. Spec. Plant. b. 532.
JUNCUS floridus major. Bauhbin. Pim p. 12.
GLADIOLUS paluftris Cordi. Gerard. emac. p. 29.
Rau Syn. ed. 3. p. 273» Hudfon. Fl. Angh p. 152. Scopoli Flor. Carn. ed. 2. p. 283.
Haller. Hifl. Pl. Helv. vol. 2. p. 81.
ROOT perennial, white, knobby, tranfverfe, eatable,
from its under fide fending down a great num-
ber of very long fibres.
RADIX perennis, alba, tuberculofa, tranfverfa, edulis?
ex inferiore parte radiculas pralongas dimit-
Tons.
SCAPUS pedalis ad orgyalem, teres, glaber. STALK round, fmooth, from one to five or fix feet
high, according to its place of growth.
LEAVES triangular, fpongy, fig. 1, fhorter than the
ftalk, at bottom fheathy, at top flat, and
twifted.
FOLIA triquetra, fpongiofa, fig. 1, fcapo breviorà, ad
bafin fpathacea, apicibus comprefhis, tortuofis.
FLORES in UwBELLA, ad triginta; pedunculi digi-
tales, e vaginis membranaceis prodeuntes. peduncle of about a finger's length, forming
an UMBELL, furrounded at bottom by wither-
ed membranous fheaths.
CALYX: an InvorvcnuM of three leaves, fpear fha-
. ped, and withered.
CALYX: InvorvcnuM triphyllum, foliolis lanceolatis,
marcefcentibus.
COROLLA: PETALA fex, inequalia, fubrotunda, con-
cava, rofea, fig. 2, alternis minoribus, acu-:
tioribus, fig. 3.
COROLLA: compofed of fix PETALs, which are
roundifh, concave, and moft commonly of a
bright red, fig. 2: the three exterior {maller,
and more pointed, fig. 3.
STAMINA : FrraMenra novem, fubulata, fiz. 4, s.
ANTHER infidentes, dum pollinem involvunt
oblongz, rubra, quadrifulcatze, mucrone brevi
terminate, fig. 6, 7, emiflo polline fubcordate,
comprefiz, bilamellofz, fg. 4: PorrEw fla-
viflimum.
STAMINA: nine FiLAMENTs, tapering, fig. 4, §-
ANTHERZ fitting on the filaments, before the
fhedding of the Pollen, oblong, reddifh, ha-
ving four grooves, and terminated by a fhort
point, fig. 6, 7, appearing afterwards fome-
what heart-fhaped, flat, and as if compofed
of two lamelle, jig. 4: the PoLLEN is of a
bright yellow colour.
PISTILLUM: Germen fubtriangulare, latere exte-
riore latiore, convexo, jig. 9, 10: Srvriícex
fubulati, fig. 8: Sticma canaliculatum.
PISTILLUM: the Germen nearly triangular, the
outer fide broad and roundifh, fig. 9, 10: fix
STYLES, tapering: the ST1GMA has a {mall
channel in it, which afterwards fpreads into
two lips, fig. 11, 12.
PERICARPIUM: Ca»rsur fex, oblonga, attenuate,
erect, univalves, apice bilabiate, introrfum
dehifcentes, fig. 11, 12.
SEED-VESSEL: fix CarsuLEs, oblong, tapering,
upright, of one valve, opening inwards,
Jig. 11, 126
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SEMINA plurima, minuta, oblonga, fufca, jig. 13. SEEDS numerous, fmall, oblong, brown, fig. 13.
WE find this ftately plant, in and by the fides of our watery ditches, flowering from July to September. A
few years fince, it was found growing in St. George’s Fields; but the improvements making in that, and other parts
adjacent to London, now oblige us to go farther in fearch of this, and many other curious plants. About the
Tland of St. Helena, near Deptford, and in the Marfhes by Blackwall, it is found in great abundance, although very
{carce in many other parts of Great Britam. Fifh ponds, or other pieces of water, would derive great beauty
from the introduction of this elegant native of our Ifle; the handfome appearance of which, did not efcape our
countryman, old GERARD, who defcribes it thus: ‘* The Water Gladiole, or Grafly Ruth, of all others, is the
** faireft and moft pleafant to behold, and ferveth very well for the decking and trimming up of houfes, becaufe
That accurate obferver Ray, defcribes its nine Stamina, although in his
time, they were not viewed in that confequential light which they are in our prefent Syftemsof Botany. It is the
only plant of the clafs Exneandria, which grows wild inthis kingdom. If vegetables were claffed according to their
‘natural affinities, this would rank among the Lilies. Cattle do not eat it. It is fo hardy as to bear the cold of Lapland.
FLOWERS numerous, to thirty, each on a fingle
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SAXIFRAGA, GRANULATA. Wuire SAXIFRAGE
SAXIFRAGA Linnei Gen. Pl. Decanpria DIGYNIA.
Calyx quinquepartitus. Coralla pentapetala. Cajfulz biroftris, unilocularis,
polyfperma, |
Rai Syn. HERBE PENTAPETALZ VASCULIFERJE.
SAXIFRAGA granulata folis caulinis reniformibus lobatis, caule ramcío, radice granulata. Linn. Sy/,
Vegetab. 5. 344. FI. Suecic. n. 372, |
SAXIERAGA folüs radicalibus reniformibus, obtufe dentatis, caulinis palmatis. Haller. bif. belv. n. 976.
SAXIFRAGA rotundifolia alba. Baubin Pin. 309.
SAXIFRAGA alba. Gerard emac. 841.
SAXIFRAGA alba vulgari. Parkinfon 424. RaH Syn. 354. Hudfon FL Angl. p. 159. Oe0der. Flor,
Dan. 514.
ROOT. ‘To the fibres of the root of this plant, adhere
in clufters a number of {mall bulbs, externally
red or yellowifh, internally white, of a tafte at
firft aftringent, afterwards bitter and difagreeable. .
RADIX. Fibris hujus radicis glomeratim adnafcuntur
plurimi bulbilli, extus rubefcentes aut flavef-
centes, intus albidi, faporis primum adftringen-
tis, poftea amari et ingrati.
STALK generally fimple, about a foot high, a little
branched, round, hirfute particularly at bottom,
furnifhed with but few leaves.
CAULIS plerumque fimplez, pedalis, fubramofus, teres,
hirfutus, prefertim ad bafin, parum foliofus.
LEAVES which grows next the root placed on long hairy
foot-ftalks with a broad bafe, kidney-ihaped,
flightly hairy, divided into obtufe lobes, thofe
of the fialk, as they afcend, are furnifhed with
fhorter foot-ftalks, 'till they gradually become
feffile, the lobes more acute, and the tips of
a reddith colour. LC
FOLIA radicalia petiolis longis, hirfutis, bafi latis infi-
dentia, reniformia, hirfutula, lobata, lobis ob-
tufis ; caulina ficut adícendunt petiolis breviori-
bus gaudent donec tandem feffilia fiunt, lobi
foliorum acutiora evadunt, apicibus rufefcenti-
bus. |
d
CALYX: a Pertantuium divided into five fegments,
hirfute and fomewhat vifcid, the laciniz of an
oval pointed fhape, and redat the tips, fig. 1. —
CALYX: PEnrANTHIUM quinquepartitum, hirfutulum,
fubvifcidum, laciniis ovato-acutis apice rufis,
JB 1.
COROLLA: PETALA quinque alba, patentia, apice
rotundata, bafi anguftiora et venis flaveicentibus
notata, jig. 2.
COROLLA: five PET Ars, white, fpreading, roundat top,
at bottom narrower, and ftriped with yellowith
veins, frg. 2.
STAMINA: ten FILAMENTS tapering ; AN THER oval,
flat, fitting on the Filaments, yellow, bilocu-
lar, five of them fhed the Pollen firft, hence
they become longer than the others, jig. 3, 4.
STAMINA: FiLAMENTA decem fubulata; ANTHER E
ovate, compreflz, infidentes, flavae, bilocalares,
quorum quinque Pollen primum emittunt, hinc
longiores, fig. 3, 4. ) |
PISTILLUM : Germen roundifh, placed below the
— — Calyx, furrounded by a gland of a deep green
colour, fiz. 7; STYLES, two, fhorter than the
Stamina, bending inward, fig. §; Sr1GMA hol-
low, jig. 5, finally expanding, jig. 6.
PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum, inferum, glandu-
- ]à faturate viridi cin&um, fig. 7; STYLI duo
Staminibus breviores, incurvati, f/g. 5 ; STIGMA
concavum, fig. 5, demum expandens, jig. 6.
SEED-VESSEL: a CarsuLE of a fhape fomewhat oval, —
E and pale brown colour, having two beaks or
horns, and two cavities, fig. 8
PERICARPIUM : CarsurA fubovata, biroftris, bilocu-
X; laris, pallide fufca, fig. 8.
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SEMINA numerofa, minutifüma, nigra. fig. 9. SEEDS numerous, yery minute, and black. jig. o.
THE Root of this fpecies of Savifrage, by means of which it is chiefly propagated, affords the young Botanift a
very good example of the Radix granulata, being compofed of a number of little grains or bulbs, connected together
in clufters by the fibres ; fome of thefe bulbs are folid and entire, not unaptly refembling in fhape the bulbs of Onions ;
others fpread open at top, and feem to be compofed of a number of fquamulze or lefler bulbs, thefe are often of a bright
red colour: the upper part of the ftalk, the foot-ftalks of the flowers, and calyx, are covered with a kind of hairs,
which terminate in avitcid globule, and which feem to accompany moft of the plants of this Genus. ‘The two Styles,
which at firft are fhort, with a hollow Stigma, fig. 5, quickly grow much longer ; the Stigmata fpread open, fo that
they refemble in fome degree a pair of tea-tongs, fig. | i
— This plant does not occur fo frequently with us as many others: according to Mr. Hupson, it is common about
Wandfworth ; l have frequently gathered it in the fields about Peckham, and lately have found it in great abundance
much nearer town, viz. in the fields called Lock-fields, on the right hand fide of Kent-fireet Road, at the back of, and
contiguous to Mr. Driver’s Nurfery Gardens: it delights to grow in dry paftures which have a gravelly bottom ;
flowers in May, and produces its feeds in the month following. When double, it ferves, with many other
Britifh plants, to ornament the gardens of the curious. ! cr
Like many other plants, this feems to owe what little importance it has in medicine to the doctrine of fignatures,
which has moft unphilofophically introduced a number of plants into our Materia Medica. As the root bore fo. great
a refemblance to little ftones, it was concluded it muft be efficacious in the ftone and gravel, for which difeafes it has
been recommended, but there are no accounts of its fuccefs to be depended on. If it does poflefs any medical virtue,
it fhould appear from the tafte of the root to be that of an aftringent. '
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SepuM ALBUM. WHITE-FLOWERED STONECROP.
SEDUM Linnei Gen. Pl. DecANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
Cal. 5 fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Squame nectariferee s, ad bafin germinis. Caps. s.
Rai Syn. Gen. 17.
HERBJ MULTISILIQUJ SEU CORNICULA T.
album | folus oblongis obtufis teretiufculis feffilibus patentibus, cyma ramofa. Lian, Sy.
caule glabro, folis teretibus; umbellis ramofis; floribus petiolatis. Haller bif. belo. m. 959.
SEDUM
Vegetab. p. 359. Sp. Pl. p. 619. Fi. Suecic. 153.
SEDUM
SEDUM album. Scopoh Fl. Carn. p. 324.
SEDUM minus teretifolium album. Bauhin. p. 283.
SEDUM mints bilitinarum. Gerard emac. 512.
VERMICULARIS five craffula minor vulgaris. Parkinfon 724. Rai Sys. 271. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p.
171. Oeder. Fl. Dan. Icon. 66.
RADIX perennis, fibrofa.
J CAULES flexuofe fuper muros repent, dein eriguntur,
triunciales circiter, foliofi, rubri.
FOLIA feffilia, oblonga et fere cylindracea, obtufa, non
admodum conferta, patentia, carnofa, glabra,
fapius rubicunda.
INFLORESCENTIA : Flotes petiolati, in CYMAM ra-
mofam confertam difpofiti.
CALYX: PrurawTUIUM pentaphyllum, foliolis brevi-
bus, obtufis, fig. t.
COROLLA : PETALA quinque alba, acuminata, lineà
longitudinah rubra fzpius notata, fig. 2.
NECTARIUM glandula minima fquamiformis ad bafin
finguli Germinis. fg. 6.
STAMINA: FIL AMENTA decem alba, fe. 2, 35 AN-
THERJE rubra.
PISTILLUM : GznMINA quinque, in STYLOS totidem
acuminatos definentia; Stigmata fimplicia,
Jig. 45 5.
PERICARPIUM : CarsurLz quinque minimz acumi-
nate introrfum dehifcentes, jig. 7.
SEMINA parva, oblonga,’ fig. 8.
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ROOT perennial and fibrous.
STALKS creep on the walls in a crooked form, then
grow upright, about three inches high, leafy,
and red.
LEAVES feffile, oblong and almoft cylindrical, obtufe,
but thinly placed on the ftalk, {preading,
flefhy, fmooth, and generally ofa reddith colour.
INFLORESCENCE: Flowers ftanding on foot-ftalks,
. and difpofed in a thick branched Cyma.
CALYX: a PrnriANTHIUM of five leaves, which are
fhort and obtufe, fg. 1. |
COROLLA : five white PET ALS, acuminated and gene-
rally marked with a longitudinal red ftreak,
ye.
NECTARY avery minute fquamiform gland at the bafe
of each of the Germina, jig. 6.
STAMINA : ten white FrLAMENTS, fig. 2, 35 AN-
THERJE deep red.
PISTILLUM : five GERMINA, terminating in fo many
acuminated SrvrLEs; the Sricmara fimple,
SE. 4» 5-
SEED-VESSEL: five fmall acuminated CarsvrEs,
opening inwardly, fig. 7.
SEEDS fmall and oblong, jig. 8.
The Sedum album may be confidered with us as rather a fcarce plant; it is found here and there on the
Walls about Town, particularly on the Chapel-wall in Kenti/h-Town, where it has grown for many years; alfo
upon a Wall on the left-hand fide leading from Bromley to Bromley-Hall, in Middlefex. 1t has been thought to
poffefs fufficient beauty to recommend it as a garden plant, and is accordingly, with very little trouble, cultivated in
many of the gardens of the curious, nothing more being neceflary than placing it in a pot filled with gravel or
mould: in fuch a fituation it will grow, flourifh, and propagate itfelf very faft.
It has been called album, from the colour of its flowers, which generally however have a tinge ofred in them. It
flowers in July. The round and oblong fhape of its leaves readily diftinguifhes it from our other S/anecrofs.
Haier informs us that it poffefles all the virtues of the large Hou/eleek, and that he has ufed the juice of
it in uterine hemorrhages, but does not inform us with what fuccefs. By way of cataplafm it is applied to the
piles when in a painful ftate, and is faid to have fometimes been madé thefameufe of in cancers with fuccefs,
By fome it is eaten as a pickle.
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or Watt-Pepper.
SEDUM. Linnei Gen. Pl. Decanpria PENTAGYNIA.
Rau Synopfis Gem. 17. HERBA MULTISILIQUE SEU CORNICULATJE.
SEDUM acre folüs fubovatis, adnato-feffilibus, gibbis, ere&tiufculis, alternis ; cyma trifida. Lin: Sy/. Vegetab.
$- 359. PI. Suecic. p. 153.
SEDUM folus conicis confertis, caulibus ramofis, fummis trifidis. Haller. hift. v. 1. 9. 966.
SEMPERVIVUM minus vermiculatum acre. Bauhin. pin. 283.
VERMICULARIS feu Illecebra minor acris. Ger. emac. 517.
ILLECEBRA minor feu Sedum tertium Diofcoridis. Parkinfon 735. Rai Synop. 270. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. p. 171.
RADIX perennis, fibrofa. Y ROOT perennial, and fibrous.
STALKS numerous, growing in tufts, very much
branched, three inches high, creeping at their
bafe, but afterwards growing upright, round,
and very leafy.
CAULES numerofi, cafpitofi, ramofiffimi, palmares, ad
bain repentes, dein erecti, teretes, foliofiffimi.
LEAVES alternate, growing very thick together, and
FOLIA alterna, conferta, imbricata, fubere&ta, adnato-
i laying one over another, nearly upright, grow-
fefhha, ovata, obtufa, brevia, carnofa, margine
paululum comprefla, glabra, /apore acri. fig. 1.
tened a little at the edges, fmooth, and of a
very biting tafle, fig. 1.
FLOWERS feffile, yellow, growing in Cymz fome-
FLORES feffiles, lutei, in Cymas fubtrifidas difpofiti.
what trifid.
CALYX: a PgnrANTHiUM divided into five fegments,
and continuing, the fegments thick and
bluntith, fig. 2.
CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, perfiftens,
laciniis craffis obtufiufculis, fig. 2.
COROLLA: compofed of five long-pointed PETArs
which are flat, fpreading, and twice the length
of the Calyx, jig. 3.
COROLLA: PrraLa quinque lanceolato-acuminata,
plana, patentia, Calyce duplo longiora, fig. 3.
NECTARY : a very minute fcale or gland placed ex-
NECTARIUM: Squamula minima, alba, ad bafin,
ternally at the bottom of each Germen, fig. 7.
finguli germinis extrorfum pofita, fie. 7.
STAMINA: ten FrLAMENTSs, tapering, the length of
STAMINA: FrLAMENTA decem fubulata, longitudine
= the Corolla, the ANTHER# yellow, fg. 4.
Corolle. ANTHERE flave, fig. 4.
PISTILLUM: five Germina, oblong, yellow, termi-
. nating in five long-pointed SrvrEs. The Sric-
MATA fimple, fig. 6.
PISTILLUM: Germina quinque oblonga, flava, in
STYLOS acuminatos definentia. STIGMATA
fimplicia, fig. 6.
SEED-VESSEL: five CarsurEs, [preading, long-
pointed, flat, opening internally by a longitu-
dinal future, fig. 8.
, PERICARPIUM: Carsurz quinque patentes, acumi-
nate, comprefie, longitudinaliter futura intror-
fum dehifcentes, fig. 8.
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SEMINA minima, ovata, rufa, jig. 9. ¥ SEEDS very minute, oval, and reddifh brown, fig. 9.
According to the account which fome medical Writers give of this Plant it appears to poffefs confiderable virtues,
while others, from the durability ofits acrimony, and the violence of its operation, have thought 1t fcarce fafe to be
adminiftered. Chewed in the mouth it has a very hot and biting tafte, whence its name of J/Z/a/|-Pepser. Applied to
the {kin it excoriates and exulcerates it, taken internally it proves emetic and diuretic.
The Difeafes in which it has been chiefly recommended are the Scurvy and Dropfy, in both of which, according
to Linnzeus, it is an excellent remedy; and fome inftances are brought of the efficacy of its juice in Cancers, but
thefe perhaps, ftand 1n need of farther confirmation.
It grows very common on Houfes, Walls, and gravelly Banks, and flowers in June; it continues but a fhort time
in bloffom, but while it lafts its lively yellow colour gives a very pretty appearance to thofe Houfes and Walls which
are covered with it.
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LYCHNIS imei Gen. Pl. DECANDRIA Pus?icewrA.
*Raü Synopfis Gen. 24. Herp PFNTAPETALJE VASCULIFERJX.
LYCHNIS Fis Cuculi petalis quadrifidis fru&u fubrotundo. Lin, Sf. Vegeta. p. 361. Sp. Pl. 62$.
.LYCHNIS petalis quadrifidis. Haller. hit. v. 1. m. 921. ;
CARYOPYLLUS pratenfis, laciniato flore fimplici, five Flos cuculi. Baubin. pin. 210,
LYCHNIS plimaria fylveftris fimplex. Parkinfon. parad. 253.
ARMERIUS pratenfis mas et foemina. Gerard. Emac. 6oo.
Rau Synop. ed, 3» 338. Hudfon.
Carniol. ed. 2. pe git
RADIX : perennis, fibrofa, ex albido fufca, faporis fub-
acris.
CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, erectus, fulcato-angula-
tus, articulatus, geniculi tumidi, fcabriufculus,
purpurafcens.
FOLIA Caulis, oppofita, connata, lanceolata, carina-
— ta, fuberecta, levia.
PEDUNCULI oppofiti, plerümque unico intermedio.
CALYX: PrznmriawTHIUM monophyllum, tubulatum
quinquedentatum, decangulatum, purpureum,
perfiftens. fig. 1. — —
COROLLA Pzrara quinque, unguis longitudine caly-
cis, fig. 2. LIMBUS quadrifidus, laciniis exteri-
. orbus brevioribus, et anguftioribus, fig. 4,
ad bafin limbi laminze duz erecte acute. fig. 3,
STAMINA: FILAMENT A decem, fubulata, quorum
,
quinque breviora, /ig.|;, brevioribus ungui peta-
lorumeaffixis. fig. 6. AN THER oblongz, bilo-
culares, fig. 7. . Áncumbentes, purpurafcentes.
PISTILLUM Geren fubovatum, fg. 8. SryLi quin-
que fubulati, fubincurvati, fig. 10. STIGMATA
fimplicia. jig. 10.
PERICARPIUM Carsura ovata, unilocularis, ore
quinquedentato, dentibus reflexis. fig. 9.
SEMINA numerofa, fubcompreffa, fcabriufcula, ex ci-
nereo-fuíca. fig. 11. 12.
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ROOT perennial, fibrous, of a brownifh white colour,
and fomewhat biting tafte.
from one to three feet high, upright, fome-
what angular and grooved, jointed, the' joints
fwelled, roughifh, and ofa purplifh colour.
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STALK
LEAVES of the Stalk oppofite, connate, lanceolate,
the midrib prominent underneath, upright and
Ímooth.
EDUNCLES oppofite, one generally intermediate,
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CALYX a PrnraNTHIUM ofone leaf, tubular, quinque-
dentate, having ten angles, or ridges, ànd of a
deep purple colour.
COROLLA : five petals, the claw the length of the
Calyx, fig. the Limp divided into four laci-
nim, the exterior fhorteft and narroweft, fg. 4.
at the bottom of the limb are placed two {mall
upright laminz, fig. 3.
2
4s
STAMINA: ten FiLAMENTS, fapering, five long and
five fhort, fg. 5. the fhorter filaments affixed
to the claw of each petal, fig. 6. the ANTHERE
oblong, bilocular. fg. 7. laying acrofs the filas
ments, and of a purplifh hue.
PISTILLUM: the Germen fomewhat oval, fg. 8. five
| STYLES tapering and bending a little inward,
jig. 10. STIGMATA fimple. fig. 10.
: SEED-VESSEL: a CAPSULE, oval, ofonecavity, the
mouth having five teeth which turn back. fig. 9.
‘SEEDS numerous, flattifh, rough, and of a brown afh
colour. fig. 11. 12
A variety of names hath been given to this Plant, as Meadow Pink, Cuckow Flower, Wild Williams, Ragged
Robin, &c. Meadow Lychnis however feems to us the moft eligibles It abounds in moift Meadows, where it
flowers in May and June, and is included amongfít the great number of which our Meadow hay is compounded. °
Goats, Sheep, and Horfes are faid to feed on it. The ufe to which it is applied, feems to be chiefly ornamental $
the beauty of its flowers juftly entitles it (with many other negle&ed Britifh Plants) to a place in the Gardens of
the curious: where it is frequently found with a double flower, making a beautiful appearance, and requiring little
more care in its culture, than to be placed in a moift fituation: It may be propagated either by feeds or flips ; the feeds
may be found ripe in the latter end of June, by the fides of ditches, where the Mower’s Scythe has not reached -
them. We fometimes find the Meadow Lychnis growing wild with a double flower, and fometimes with a white
one; but this is altogether accidental. é ja
The agreement between the blowing of flowers,: and the periodical return of birds of paflage, has been attended
to from the earliet ages: Before the return of the feafons was exactly afcertained by Aftronomy, thefe obfervations
were of great confequence in pointing out ftated times for the purpofes of Agriculture; and füll, in many a Cottage,
the birds of paflage and their correfponding flowers affift in regulating
“The foort, and fimple Annals of the Poor.”
For this reafon, no doubt, we have feveral other plants that, in different places, go by the name of Cuckow Flower,
Gerard fays, Cardamine pratenfis (Common Ladies Smock) is the true Cuckow Flower. Shake/pear’s Cuckow
— Buds are of ** yellow hue.” By fome the Orchis, Arum, and Wood-forrel are all called after the Cuckow,
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Mouse-car CHICKWEED.
CERASTIUM Lei Gen. Pl. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
Rai Synop. Gen: 24. HERBE PENTAPETALJE VASCULIFERJE,
CERASTTUM aqguaticum folis cordatis, feffilibus, floribus folitariis, fru&übus pendulis. Lzmei Syf.
Vegetab. 5. 363. FI. Suecic. b. 157. |
ALSINE foliis ovato-cordatis, imis petiolatis, tubis quinis. Haller. hifi. n. 885.
STELLARIA aquatica. Scopol; F7. Carniol. p. 320.
ALSINE aquatica major. Baubin. pin. 254.
ALSINE major. Gerard emac. 611. maxima Parkinfon 759. Raii Syn. p. 34.7. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 1776
RADIX perennis, fibrofa, repens. ROOT' perennial, fibrous, and creeping.
CAULES bipedales, debiles, pene teretes, teneri, filofi,
STALKS about two feet inlength, weak, almoft round,
hirfuti, ramofi, rami alterni.
tender, ftringy, hirfute, and branched, the
branches alternate.
LEAVES of the Stalk feffile, embracing the Stalk,
fomewhat heart fhaped and acuminate, the
edge particularly in the upper ones waved,
fmooth, and fomewhat vifcid; thofe of the
branches more waved with fhort footftalks.
FOLIA Caulis feffilia, amplexicaulia, cordato-acumi-
nata, margine in fuperioribus prefertim undu-
lata, levia, fubvifcida; ramorum magis undu-
lata, petiolata.
PEDUNCULI alterni, e dichotomia caulis, uniflori,
FOOTSTALKS alternate, from the forking of the
poh florefcentiam pendult.
MR uniflorous, affer the Bleffom is gone off
pendulous.
CALYX: a PRiantuivM of five leaves, perfifting, the
leaves lanceolate, concave, flightly keel-fhaped,
bluntifh at top, hirfute, at the edge membra-
nous, anda little fhorter than the Petals, fig. 1.
CALYX: PznriANTHIUM pentaphyllum, perfiftens, folio-
lis lanceolatis, concavis, fíubcarinatis, apice
obtufiufculis, hirfutis, margine membranaceis,
petalis paulo brevioribus. fig. 1.
COROLLA: five PzrTALSs white, fpreading, divided
almost to the bottom, the laciniz or fegments
oblong, nervous, and divaricating, fig. 2. 3.
COROLLA : Perata quinque alba, patentia, bipartita,
laciniis oblongis, nervofis, divaricantes, fig. 2. 3.
STAMINA: ten FiLAMeEnTs, tapering, white, fixed
to the receptacle, placed alternately, one at the
bafe and one betwixt each petal, fig. 4; thofe
placed between the petals are a little longer than
the others, and furnifhed at bottom with a gland,
fg. 5. ANTHER#& white and bilocular, fig. 4.
STAMINA: FirAMENTA decem, fubulata, alba, re-
ceptaculo inferta, ad bafin et inter. petala alterne
locata, jig. 4. quae inter petala locantur paulo
longiora funt et glandula ad bafin inftruuntur
jig. 5. ANTHERZ infidentes, biloculares, albz,
Jig. 4
PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, apice fulcatum,
STYLI quinque albi, filiformes, longitudine
Germinis. STIGMATA fimplicia, fig. 6.
PISTILLUM: Geren roundifh, at top grooved, five
STYLES thread-fhaped, white, the length of
the Germen. Sr1GMATA limple, fig. 6.
PERICARPIUM: Capsuta ovata, obfolete pentagona,
SEED-VESSEL : an oval Carsvrz, flightly pentangu-
ore quinquedentato. fig. 7. |
lar, the mouth quinquedentate.
SEEDS reddifh brown, rough, about 60 in each capfule,
fg. 8. 9.
SEMINA rufa, fubreniformia, fcabra, 60 numeravi,
Sg: 8. 9.
SOME of our modern and moft celebrated fyftematic Botanifts feem very much divided with refpec&t to the Genus
to which this Plant fhould belong. Hatzer makes it an Alfine or Chickweed; Scorovi a Stellaria, and LiNN vs a
Ceraftium. We thall not pretend to decide who is moft in the right, but only obferve that its general habit or appear-
ance, and the form of its feeds, might eafily induce HArrzm to confider it as an Aline; the ihape of its petals, with
the ftru&ure of its feeds, would juftify Scororr in calling it a Ste/laria, while the number of its ftyles might lead
Linnaus with propriety to place it among the Cera/fiums. ‘To us it appears to have the greateft natural affinity with
the Aline media or common Chickwecd; it is true Linna#us ranks that plant among thofe which have five Stamina,
yet it is frequeutly obferved to have more, and the ftructure of the flower evidently fhows it to be formed for having
ten, and thofe flowers which have not that number may be confidered as imperfect. The Seeds of thefe two plants
are fo fimilar as fcarcely to be diftinguifhed from each other, and their ftalks are procumbent, tender, brittle, and
ftringy, indeed they frequently fo much refemble one another, as to oblige the young Botanilt to have recourfe to the
very different fize of their flowers in order to difcriminate them.
This Plant grows in moift places, on the banks of rivers and by ftreams of water, it flowers in. July end Auguft.
ScopoLt aflerts that the plants of this kind afford excellent food for Kine.
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Evrnorsia Pepius. SMALL GARDEN SPURGE
EUPHORBIA Linnei Gen. Pl. DopECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
Rai Syn. Gen. 22. HERBE VASCULIFERE FLORE TETRAPETALO AÁNOMALZ.
EUPHORBIA (Peplus) umbella trifida, dichotoma, involucellis ovatis, foliis integerrimis obovatis petiolatis.
Linn, Syl. Vegetab. b. 375. Fl. Suecic. p. 163. ; n"
TITHYMALUS folus rotundis, ftipulis floralibus cordatis, obtufis, petalis argute corniculatis. Haller. hif.
vol. 2. D. 9. ". 1049. |
PEPLUS five Efula rotunda. Baubin pin. 292. Parkinfon. Gerard. emac. 502.
TITHYMALUS parvus annuus, folus fubrotundis non crenatis, Peplus di¢tus. Rai Syn. f. 3X5. 25.93
Petty Spurge. Hudfon Fl. Angl. b. 182. :
ROOT annual, woody, fimple, fibrous and whitith.
STALK generally upright, about nine inches high,
round, fmooth, and branched; at bottom har-
der, more flender, and of a reddifh colour, leafy
and milky.
BRANCHES few, not growing in any regular order,
the lower ones longeft and oppofite.
UMBEL firft trifid, then dichotomous.
LEAVES fomewhat oval, but narroweft towards the
bafe, having foot-ftalks, entire at the edges,
RADIX annua, lignofa, fimplex, fibrofa, albida.
CAULIS, fuberectus, dodrantalis, teres, glaber, ramo-
fus, bafi durior, tenuior, fubruber, foliofus,
_laGifiuus. .
RAMI pauci, fparfi, inferioribus longioribus oppofitis.
UMBELLA trifida, dichotoma.
FOLIA obovata, petiolata, integerrima, fparfa, obtufius-
cula, inferioribus fubrotundis.
the lowermoft leaves almoft round,
SIIPULZE of the Jarge umbel three in number, ovaland
pointed, placed on very fhort foot-ftalks : of the
Jmall umbel alternately oppofite, feffile; of an
heart-fhaped-oval form, unequal, and entire,
at bottom on that fide to which. the Germen
tends as if cut away.
CALYX bellying out and continuing, fm. 1.
COROLLA wanting.
NECTARIES four, each having /wo little horns, fig.2:
STAMINA feldom more than two. or three, which are
vifible, and placed without the Calyx : AwTHE-
&JE two on each filament joined together, of a
roundifh figure, jig. 3. !
PISTILLUM : Germen placed on a foot-ftalk, hang-
ing down, triangular, theangles longitudinally
erooved, fig. 4, 6: S'rIGMATA three, bifid at
STIPULA® umbelle tres, ovato-acutz, petiolis brevibus
mfidentes, wmbelluke alterne oppofite, feffiles,
cordato-ovate, inzquales, integerrime, bafi
quà tendit germen. quaf excavate.
CALYX ventricofus, perfiftens. fig. t.
COROLLA: nulla.
NECTARIA quatuor dicorniculata, fig. 2.
STAMINA plerumque duo, aut tria, vifibilia, exferta*
AÁNTHERJ didymz, fubrotundz, I NS.
PISTILLUM: Germen pedunculatum, nutans, tri-
angulare, angulis longitudimaliter fulcatis, fir.
4, 6: STIGMATA tria, apice bifida, fig. s.
REESE PEAS SEE PIE D> EY X eee PH O6 69-690 CED E SED <i PEED EE 35-66
top, ig. 5.
SEED-VESSEL: a CapsuLe of three cavities, and
three valves, the valves protuberant, fmooth,
and {plitting witha kind ofelafticity even while
they are of a green colour, fg. 6. |
SEED oneineach cavity, oval, grey, with numerous de-
frafhons on its furface, and a little white button
| at one end, fig. 7.
N. BE. Omnes partes fru&ificationis lente augentur. Y N. B. All the parts of frudtification are magnified.
PERICARPIUM : Carsuxa tricocca, trilocularis, tri-
valvis, valvulis levibus, et dum adhuc virides
diffihentibus, fig. 6.
SEMEN unicum in fingulo loculamento, ovatum, ca-
num, alveolatum, appendiculatum, fig. 7.
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MANY ofthe Spurges confiderably refemble one another, and two of them that have this affinity, grow fre-
quently togctherin Gardens, viz. the. prefent Spurge, Euphorbia Peplus, and the Sun Spurge, Euphorbia Heliofcobia s
they may be diftinguifhed however by the flighteft attention. In the Heliofcopia the leaves are notched or ferrated at
the edges, in the Peplus they are entire, im the Heliofeopia the Petals or rather Nectaria are found and entire, im the
Peplus cach s farnifhed with two little horns, fig. 25 there are other marks of diftinGtion but thefeare the moft ftriking,
This fpecies grows in Gardens aiid other cultivated ground, and flowers in Autumn. | me:
The milky fluid which it abounds with, is by fome applied to Warts, which it is faid to deftroy.
Moft if not all the plants of this Genus contain im them this milky and gummy fubftance, which to the tafte is ex-
ecedingly acrid; and this lactifluous property, joined to the peculiarity of its parts of fructification, point out almoft
at firft fight this natural family of plants. But the botanic Student who would inveftigate this fpecies accordin
to the principles ofthe Linnzan Syftem, not having thefe charateriftics to affift him, finds a confiderable difficulty
in learning even the C/z/s to which it belongs, nor is it poffible for him to afcertain the Clafs by an examination of
this or fcarceany other Englifh Spurge: the Stamina in the firft place are very minute, it is feldom that more than
two or three protrude beyond the Calyx, all the reft lyeconcealed within it, they feldom amount to ¢awe/ve in number,
and even ifthey did amount to that exact number, their minutene/s and the milky juice which flows from the diffec-
tion, render the enumeration of them fcarce practicable. "Fhe Student may however in a great degree furmount this
difficulty, by an examination ofíome plant of this genus, which is larger in every refpect, and the Euphorbia Lathyris
improperly called the Caper Tree, ( which is cultivated in many Gardens) will afford him a very good: example, and
tend to give him a elear idea of the flower and fruit of this fingular genus of plants.
I would not be thought on account of this difficulty to inveigh againft Linnavs’s Syftem, being fenfible that
difficulties occur, and muft occur in all botanic arrangements, andinftead of felecting faults infeparable from every
mode of claffification, (which feems to have been a favourite amufement of fome Authors, and forms indeed the
greateft part of their writings) I would ufe every endeavour to make it more perfect. ,
. It is too much the fafhion flow, as well as formerly, for every Botanift as foon as he thinks he has fome pretenfions to
eminence, to fet about the arduous tafk of framing a new Syftem ; he may by this means give the public fome idea
of his felf-confequence, and be inrolled in the Catalogue of Syitem-makers, but not one jot will he advance the
fcience of Botany. tis to be regretted that Botanifts will not be contented with a Syftem, a proof of whofe fupe-
riority is the almoft general reception it has met with throughout Europe, and unite in their endeavours to render
that Syftem more compleat, by giving us an accurate account of the hiftory of thofe plants not already given, their
virtues and ufes; this appears to me to be the true method of advancing this delightful Science, and making it ufe-
full to Mankind.
When one Syftem of Botany is generally followed as is nearly the cafe at prefent, Botanifts in different kingdoms
perfectly underftand each others language, but when each adopts a feperate one, (which is frequently dictated by
Pride or Caprice) all becomes Babel; and every one who withes to acquire a knowledge of the plants treated of,
muft at confiderable expence both of time and labour, acquire firft the Authors new-created Syftem-language, a tax
which it is hoped every true Botanift will unite to oppofe.
placed in no regular order, fomewhat blunt, '
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EUPHORBIA Lime; Gem Pl Dopecanpria TRIGYNIA.
Cor. 4-f. 5§-petala, calyci infdens. Cal, 1-phyllüs, Ventiieotuss
Capf. 3-cocca.
Rai Syn. Gen. 22. HERBE VASCULIFERJE, FLORE TETRAPETALO ANOMALIE.
EUPHORBIA umbella quinquefida : trifida : dichotoma, involucellis obovatis, foliis cuneiformibus ferra-
ue Linn. Syft. Vegetab. p. 377+ Sp. Plant. 658. FI. Suecic. $. 162.
TITHYMALUS folis petiolatis, fubrotundis, ferratis, ftipulis rotundis, bus. Haller bif). wv. 2.
| fp» 10. te 1050.
TITHYMALUS jeZofcopius. Scopoh Fl. Carniol. p. 337. % 579:
TITHYMALUS Zeljfcopius. Baubin Pin. 291. Gerard emac. 458. — Parkinfan. 189;
TITHYMALUS beliofcopius fiveíolifequus. I. B. 3. 669. Rau Syn. 313. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 183.
RADIX fimplex, fibrofa, annua. ROOT fimple, fibrous, annual.
STALK upright, round, flightly hairy, below branch-
CAULIS ere&us, teres, pilofus, inferne brachiatus,
ed, the branches oppofite.
brachiis oppofitis.
LEAVES growing in no regular order, few, fmooth,
ferrated, and wedge-fhaped, the lower ones
ftanding on foot-ftalks, the upper ones feffile.
FOLIA fparfa, pauca, glabra, ferrata, cuneiformia, in-
feriora petiolata, fuperiora feffilia.
UMBELL dividing into five, next three, then two,
UMBELLA quinquefida, trifida, dichotoma, patens,
{preading, of an equal height at top.
faftigiata.
STIPUL/ minutely ferrated and fmooth, thofe of the
UnszELL five, fomewhat oval, fpreading hori-
zontally, and equal; thofe ofthe fmaller Um-
BELL three, oval, unequal, the interior one
twice as fmall as the others; thofe which
follow terminating in a point.
STIPULA® minute ferrate, glabre, UMBELL x quinque,
obovate, horizontales, zquales, Umbellule tres,
ovatz, inzequales, interiore duplo minore, que
fequuntur mucrone terminate.
CALYX fomewhat {welled, of a yellowifh colour,
fig. 1. !
COROLLA wanting.
CALYX fubventricofus, flavefcens, fig. 1.
COROLLA nulla.
NECTARIA quatuor, fubrotunda, nuda, fig. 2. NECTARIA four, roundifh and naked, fg. 2.
STAMINA : two, three, or more FILAMENTS, vifible
beyond the Calyx ; ANTHER# yellow, bilocu-
lar, the cavities containing the Pollen roundifh,
Jig. 3.
PISTILLUM: Germen placed on a foot-ftalk, round-
lh, hanging down; SticmMara three, bifid
at top, fig. 4, 5-
SEED-VESSEL a Capsute of three protuberating
valves, and three cavities, jig. 6.
STAMINA: FiLAMENTA duo, tria, aut plura, vifi-
bilia, exferta; ANTHER#® flave, biloculares,
.locuhs fubrotundis, fig. 3. |
PISTILLUM: GEzMEN pedunculatum, fubrotundum,
nutans; STIGMATA tria, apice bifida, fig. 4, 5.
PERICARPIUM: Capsuta tricocca, trilocularis, tri-
valvis, fig. 6. !
SEEDS one in each cavity, oval, wrinkled, of a purp-.
SEMEN unicumin fingulo loculamento, ovatum, rugo-
híh brown colour, fig. 7.
fum ex purpureo fuícum, jig. 7.
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IN fpeaking of the Euphorbia Peplus, Y had occafion to take notice of the difficulty which Students in Bo-
tany find in invefligating the C/afi and Order of this Genus, and endeavoured to make it eafier to them: in
this plant the parts of the fru&üfication are fomewhat larger; and it differs from the other Spurges in having
its leaves finely ferrated. In its acrimonious quality it is inferior to none; hence it has often been applied
to Warts for the purpofe of deftroying them; but even in this cafe, great care fhould be ufed in its applica-
tion. My ,friend Mr. WinLiAM Wave tu lately informed me of a cafe which fell under his notice in the
Hle of Wight, where from the application of the juice of this Spurge to fome Warts near the eye ofa little
girl, the whole face became inflamed to a very great degree.
It is very common in gardens and cultivated ground, flowering in. Autumn.
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FIVE LEAVED Grass
POTENTILLA Linnezi Gem. Pl Icosanpr1a PorvGYvNiA:
Rai Gen. 15. HERB SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERM&.
POTENTILLA rejíams folis quinatis, caule repente, pedunculis unifloris. Lin: Syfl. Vegetab. p. 398. Fl.
Suecic. p. 178.
FRAGARIA foliis quinatis ferratis, petiolis unifloris, caule reptante. — Haller hif. v. 2. pe £33
QUINQUEFOLIUM majus repens. Baubin pin. p. 325. Gerard emac. 987.
PENTAPHYLLUM vulgatifümum Parkinfon 398. Raii Syn. p. 255.
POTENTILLA reptans. Hudjon. Fl. Angl. p. 197. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. p. 361
RADIX perennis, fufiformis, paucis fibrillis inftruéta, Y ROOT perennial, tapering, furnifhed with few fibres,
intra terram profunde penetrans, craffitie digiti 3 penetrating deeply into the earth, the fize of
minimi aut pollicis etiam in annofis, externe the little finger, or even of the thumb when
iordide caftanea. old, externally of a dark chefnut colour. _
CAULES numerofi, teretes, glabri, repentes, purpurei. 4 STALKS numerous, round, {mooth, and creeping.
LEAVES quinate, or growing five together, fometimes
even feven, ferrated, veiny, unequal in their
fize, flightly hairy, fitting on long footítalks,
which proceed in pairs from the joints of the
ftalks at confiderable diftances.
FOLIA quinata, etiam feptena occurrunt, ferrata, venofa,
inzequalia, parum hirfuta, petiolis longis infi.
dentia, per paria e geniculis caulium ad magna
intervalla prodeuntia.
STIPUL/E geminz, trifoliate, foliolis ovatis. STIPUL growing in pairs, compofed of three oval-
Íhaped. leaves.
PETIOLI uniflori, longi, fuberedi. FOOT-STALKS of the flowers uniflorous, long, and
nearly upright.
CALYX: aPertantruium of one leaf, flattifh, divided
into ten fegments, the fegments alternately -
{maller and frequently turned back, fig. 3. Ae 5.
CALYX: PerrantTuium monophyllum, planiufculum,
decemfidum, laciniis alternis minoribus, fzpe
reilexis, Jf. 35. Ay Se
COROLLA: five PE&rArLs ofa roundifh heart-fhaped
figure, and yellow colour, infertedinto the Ca-
lyx by their Ungues or claws, jig. 6.
COROLLA: Pzrara quinque, fubrotundo-cordata,
flava, unguibus calyci inferta, fig. 6.
STAMINA twenty FrLAMENT S tapering: fhorter than
the Corolla, inferted into the inner edge of the
Calyx, which puts on a glandular appearance,
and placed in two rows; ANTHER# oblong,
flat, bilocular, the bags or cavities divided by
a membrane, fitting on the filaments, fig. 7, 8.
PISTILLUM: the Germina numerous, collected into
a little head; the SrvrEs filiform, fhorter than
the filaments, inferted into the fide of the Ger-
men and continuing; the STIGMATA very .
{mall and blunt, fig. 9, ro.
SEEDS numerous, {mall, brown and terminated by the
Style, fig. II, I2.
STAMINA: Firamenra viginti, fubulata, Corolla bre-
viora, margini interiori glandulofe calycis in-
ferta, in duas feries diftributa; ANTHER#
oblonge, compreflze, flavae, biloculares, loculae
membrana divifz, infidentes, fig. 7, 8.
PISTILLUM: Germina numerofa, in capitulum col-
lecta; Svvr1i filiformes filamentis breviores, la-
teri Germinis inferti, perfiftentes; STIGMATA
minima, obtufa, fig. 9, 10.
SEMINA numerofa, parva, fufca; ftylo perfiftente ter-
minata, fig. 11, 12.
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The Roots of C/nguefoil and many other plants of the Clafs Jcofandria, poflefs confiderable virtues as aftringent
medicines, and may be ufed in the fame Cafes in which Bi/fort is recommended.
It has likewife been ufed in fome places for the purpofe of tanning Leather where better materials for that
purpofe are with difficulty acquired. Y YA
A Tea or infufion of the leaves is in ufe among the Country People as a drink in Fevers.
Moft forts of Cattle are fond of the leaves, but it does not appear to be a plant worth cultivating on that account.
The Larva or Caterpillar of the Phalena Rubi, vid. Roefel, Suppl. tab. 69, Albin tab. 81, feeds on the leaves
in Autumn, although a plant to which that Infect is by no means confined. _ 2
it grows very common in meadows and on banks by the road fides, and flowers in July, Auguft, and September.
It affords the botanic Student a very good example of the Camlis repens or Creeping Stalk.
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RANUNCULUS BULBOSUs. RoUND-ROOTED OR
,
Burnaous Crowroor.
RANUNGULUS Linnai Gem Pl Potyanprta Potyoynra.
| Raii Sys: Gen. I5. HERBJE SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERME.
RANUNCULUS /ulbofu, calycibus Penes pedunculis fülcatis, caule ere&o multifloro, folus compofitis,
KE Syft. Vegetab. p. 430. Sp. Pi. 778. Fil. Suecic. 196.
RANUNCULUS radice fubglobofa, folis hirfutis, femitrilobis, lobis petiolatis acute ferratis. Huller, bif;
SUEDE dE s
RANUNCULUS Scopoli Fl. Carm v. 1. f. 400.
tarifera obtufe trigona.
RANUNCULUS
Diacw. Radix globofa. Calyces reflexi: Squamula nec¢
pratenfis radice verticilli modo rotunda. Bauhin. pin. 179. Fufcbii Icon. 160. Gerard: eimaés
953. Parkinfon 329. Raii Symp. 247. Hudfon FI. Angl. 211. Fl. Dam. Icon. 551.
RADIX perennis; /ubrotunda, albida, folida, fuperne et
inferne depreffior, hinc radicem Rape quodatn-
modo referens; ,
CAULIS pedalis, teres, erectus, fiftulofus, hirfutus, ra-
mofus.
FOLIA radicala petiolis longis, hirfutis, bafi vaginan-
tibus infidentia, fubprocumbentia, hirfuta, ve-
nofa, trilobata, lobo medio major et longius
petiolato, femitrifido, fegmentis acute incifis ;
lobis lateralibus trifidis, fegmentis inferioribus
profundius divifis; caulina fubfeffilia in lacinias
plures tenuiores divifa.
PEDUNCULI /ulcaiz.
CALYX: PrmrANTHIUM pentaphyllum, foliolis ova-
tis, concavis, refexis,, pilofis, apice obtufiufcu-
lis, margine membranaceis, bafi /ubpellucidis,
pr efie NIME
COROLLA PETALA quinque obcordata, flava, nitentia,
: figs 2.
NECTARIUM: {quamula flava fubemarginata ad. bafin
petali fig. 3.
STAMINA: Fitamenra plurima, receptaculo inferta ;
ANTHER# oblongz, flavee, fubincurvate, fg 4.
PISTILLUM : Germina nümerofa in capitulum collec-
tas 5rYyrLr nulli; STiGMATA minima reflexa,
Zo : ]
RAE IL P J
SEMINA plurima comprefla, fufca, mucronata, levia,
atillata, ffe. 6.
Fig. 7, ARILLUs, fig. 8, femen denudatum.
ROOT perennial, rouzd//b, white and folid, flattened à
little both at top and, bottom, hence fomewhat
refembling a Turnep. |
STALK a foot high, round, upright, hollow, hairy and
branched.
LEAVES: the radical leaves placed on long hairy foot-
ftalks, which at bottom embrace the ftalk,
fomewhat procumbent, hairy, veiny, and di-
vided into three lobes ; the mid-lobe largeft and
placed on a longer foot-ftalk than the others,
divided half way down into three fegments
which are fharply cutin; the fide-lobes trifid,
the lower fegments more deeply divided than
the others; the leaves of the /falk nearly feffile,
deeply divided into numerous and narrower feg-
Boe. rents:
FOOT-STALKS of the flowers grooved.
CALYX: a Pertanruium of five leaves, the leaves
oval, hollow, turned back and hairy, bluntifh at
top, meimbranous at the edges, thin and Jome-
4 what tranfparent at bottom, fig: 1:
ORCLLA: five PETALs, heart-fhaped, yellow, and
fhining, fig. 2:
ECTARY : a {mall yellow fcale at the bottom of the
petal, with a flight indentation at top, fg. 3.
TAMINA; FrLAMENTS numerous and inferted into
the receptacle; ANTHERE oblong, yellow, and
bending a little inwards, fig. 4.
PISTILLUM : Germina numerous, colle&ed into a
little head; StyLes none; SriGMATÀ very
| {mall and bending back, fig. 5.
SEEDS numerous, flat, brown, {mooth, pointed, and
covered with an Arillus, fic. 6.
Fig. 7, the Aritius, fe. 8. the feed taken out of it,
hy | GD)
Un
THIS Crowfoot has beet confidered by fome Authors as the fame Species with the Ranunculus repens, but certainly
without any propriety, for there can be no doubt but they are as diftinct as any two {pecies of Ranunculus whatever.
Tt is diftinguifhed from the repens by feveral peculiarities,
the principal of which are, 1ít, itsreflexed calyx, the turning
back of which does not depend onany accidental circumftances, but folely on its particular ftrü&ture ; if it be plucked
off,
and held up to the light, the lower half of it will appear thin and almoft tranfparent, hence not having a fuffi-
cient degree of folidity to fupport itfelf upright, it is reflected downwards ;—2dly, the root in this {pecies is round,
and folid; in the repens it is fibrous :
and 3dly, (which perhaps may be confidered as the moft effential difference) the
ftalk of the dulbofus is never known to throw out any Stolones or Creepers, which the repens always does in every foil and
fituation
This Species blows earlier than either the upright or cteeping Crowfoot, and is the fecond flower, which next to
the Dandelion covers our meadows and paftures with that delightful yellow, which almoft dazzles the eye of the
beholder.
Like the reft of the Crowfoots it poffeffes the property of inflaming and bliftering the fkin, but more particularly
the Root, which is faid to raife blifters with lefs pain and more fafety, than Spanith flies; and hence where Blifters
. have been thought neceflary, thefe roots have been applied for that purpofe, particularly to the Joints in cafes of the
Gout. On being kept they loofe their ftimulating quality, and are even eatable when boiled.
Horr an informs us that Beggars make ufe of them to blifter their {kins in order to excite compaflion.
The Juice of this herb is faid to be more acrid than that of the Ranunculus feeleratus; and if applyed to the noftrils
it provokes fneezing.
Hogs are fond of thie roots and will frequently dig them up. :
lt abounds in dry paftures, and flowers in May ; it is cultivated when double as well as the upright meadow Crow-
foot, which laft occurs in almoft every Garden, under the name of Yellow Batchelors Buttons.
Finca irs ta dor Wabbit df
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RawuNcULUs Acus. Upricnur Meapow Crowroor.
RANUNCULUS Linnei Gen. Pl. PotyanpriA PoLtyGyntas
Raii Gen. 15. HERB SEMINE NUDO, POLYSPERMJE.
RANUNCULUS acris calycibus patulis, pedunculis teretibus, foliis tripartito-multifidis, fummis linearibus.
Linnei Syfl. Vegetab. p. 430. FT. Suecic. p. 196.
RANUNCULUS foliis hirfutis, femitrilobatis, lobis lateralibus bipartitis, foliis caulinis femitrilobis, Haller.
bift. m 1169.
RANUNCULUS pratenfis erectus acris. Bauhin. pin. 178. Gerard. emac. 951. Parkinfon 329. Raii Synopfis,
f. 248. Hudjon. Fl. Angl. p. 211. Scopoli. Fl. Carniol. 5. 398.
RADIX perennis, e pluribus radiculis albidis conftans. ^Y ROOT perennial, confifüng of numerous white fibres.
STALK generally about two feet high, upright, hollow,
round, fomewhat hairy, much branched at top.
CAULIS bipedalis, ere&us, fiftulofus, teres, fubpilofus,
apice ramofus.
LEAVES: Radical leaves ftanding on long upright foot-
ftalks, tripartite, the middle lobe trifid, the fide
ones bilobous, and all of them fharply indented,
flightly hirfute, the upper furface particularly
at the bafe frequently of a purple colour, the
veins underneath prominent
Leaves of .the Stalk like the radical leaves, but
more finely divided, and ftanding on fhorter foot-
ftalks, at top linear and feffile. The roorsTaLxks
with their fheaths hairy.
FOOT-STALKS of the Flowers round.
FOLIA Radicalia petiolis longis erectis infidentia, tri-
partita, lobo medio trifido, lateralibus bilobis,
omnibus acute dentatis aut incifis, fubhirfutis,
fuperné ad bafin przefertim fzepe purpureis, venis
fubtus extantibus.
Caulina radicalibus fimilia, in lacinias tenuiores
vero divifa et petiolis brevioribus infidentia,
tandem linearia, feffilia.
PETIOLI cum vaginis hirfuti.
PEDUNCUILI teretes,
CALYX: a Pertantuivum of five leaves, fpreading, of
a yellow colour and hairy, the leaves oval, con-
cave, and membranous at the edges, fig. 1.
CALYX: PznriawTHIUM pentaphyllum, patens, fla-
vefcens, pilofum, foliolis ovatis, concavis, ob-
tufis, margine. membranaceis, fig. I.
D
COROLLA: PETALA quinque flava, nitentia, fubcor- Y COROLLA: five Perars, yellow and fhining, nearly
data nunc emarginata, nunc integra, fig. 2. heart-fhaped, fometimes notched, (íometimes
GMEMGC yy flew ae
STAMINA: FiLAMENTSs numerous, a little dilated at
top, fig. 5. 4. ANTHER yellow, obtufe, bend-
ing a little inward, fie. 4.
STAMINA: FiLAMENTA plurima, apice paululum di-
latata, fig. 5.4. ANTHERE flave, fubincurvate,
obtufz, fig. A.
NECTARY : a fmall fcale, flightly notched at top, at
NECTARIUM: fquamula emarginata, ad bafin petalo-
the bafe of each Petal, ffr. 3.
rum, fig. 3.
EAE KEKE EAE KEELE ELA LIEBE 044 EAE AL AL AA AE hh GALA ALA LAE ALA Lh 4464444644444 46 4444 44
PISTILLUM: Germina numerofa, in capitulum col- ¥ PISTILLUM: GEnMINA numerous, forming a little
lecta, STYvri nulh; $T16MATA reflexa, fe. 6. head; STYLEs none, SriGMA T A reflex, fig. 6.
SEEDS numerous, roundifh, flat, of a brown colour,
SEMINA: plurima, fubrotunda, compreffa, fuíca, apice
bending back at the tip, fig. 7.
reflexa. jig. 7.
A6
Moft of the Ranunculi or Crowfoots are acrid and in fome degree poifonous, and the fpecies above defcribed poffeffzs
this property in a very confiderable degree ; hence Linnzus has given it the name of acris ; even pulling up the plant
and carrying it to fome little diftance we have known fufficient to produce a confiderable inflamation in the palm of
ofthe perfon’s hand who held it. | Cattle in general will not eat it, yet fometimes when they are turned hungry
into a new field of Grafs, or have but a fmall {pot to range in they will feed on it, and hence their mouths, as we
have been credibly informed, have become fore and bliftered. When made into hay it lofes its acrid property, but is
too flalky and hard to afford good Nourifhment. It fhould feem therefore to be the intereft of the Farmer as much
as poflible to root out this fpecies from his Meadows that its place may be fupplied with good fweet grafs.
It grows too frequently in moft of our meadows, and flowers in June and July.
The common people about Town and in many parts of the country call this and the other yellow Crowfoots by
_ the names of Butrer-cups and Butter-flowers, and this name feems to have originated from a fuppofition that the yellow
colour of butter was owing to thefe plants; that this fhould be the cafe feems fcarce probable, certainly it. receives
no good tafte from it.
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NEUE FS
CarrHa PALUSTRIS Marsu-Marico_Lp.
Lime: Gen. Pl. Poryanpria PorLvcvwiA Cul o. Petala quinque. Ne&taria o. Cap/ule plures
CALTHA
polyfpermze.
Rau Syn. HERBXE MULTISILIQUA SEU CORNICULAT.E.
CALTHA
CALTHA Haller. hift. belv. p. 32. m. 1188,
POPULAGO gZga/ufris. Scopoli Fl. Carniol p. 404.
CALTHA paluftris. flore fimplici. Baubin pin 276.
POPULAGO. Tournefort. Tabernamont.
CALTHA paluftris vulgaris fimplex. Parkinfon 1213.
CALTHA paluftris major. Gerard. emac. 817.
-
paluftris. Limmei Syf. Vegetab. b. 432. Flor. Suecic. 198.
Raw Syn.272. Marfh Marigold. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 214.
RADIX perennis, e plurimis fibris, teretibus, majufcu-
lis, albidis, conftans. j
CAULES ex eadem radice nafcuntur plures, fuberecti,
pedales, fiftulofi, pene teretes, glabri, ramofi,
ad bafin purpurei.
FOLIA radicalia petiolata, cordato-reniformia, glabra,
crenata, caula fubfeffilia, ad apicem acutiora,
et acute crenata.
STIPULZE fufce, membranacez, marcefcentes,
RAMI dichotomi.
PEDUNCULI uniflori, ereQi, fulcati.
CALYX nullus.
COROLLA: PETALA plerumque quinque, flava, mag-
na, fubrotundo-ovata, plana, patentia, -fuperne
non fplendentia, fig. 1.
STAMINA: Fi1LAMENTA numerofa, filiformia, Corolla
breviora, ANTHER# Oblongz, comprefl, in-
curvatee, flave, fig. 2.
PISTILLUM: Germina quinque ad decem, oblonga,
comprefla, erecta; Srvrri nulh; STriGMATA
fimplicia, fig. 3.
PERICARPIUM: Carsurz totidem, acuminatz, pa-
tentes, futurà fuperiore dehifcentes, ffg. 4.
SEMINA plurima, fubovata, pulchra, inferne olivacea,
fuperne rufa, fig. 5.
D-44244 EDA 0-46 2-4€33-44902- 4444 9-46 DP AED AEDS EDIE 44:099 493944035 4633-44 DEE DPE
ROOT perennial, confifting of numerous, round, large,
white fibres.
STALKS: feveral arife from the fame root, almoft up-
right, about a foot high, hollow, nearly round,
{mooth, branched, and purple at bottom.
LEAVES: the radical leaves placed on long foot ftalks,
betwixt an heart and kidney fhape, fmooth,
fhining, and notched or crenated ; the leaves
of the stax nearly feffile, more pointed at
top, and fharply crenated.
STIPULZE brown, membranous and withered.
BRANCHES dichotomous, |
PEDUNCLES fupporting one flower, upright, and
grooved.
CALYX wanting.
COROLLA generally confifts of five large Perars
of a roundifh oval fhape and yellow colour,
flat, fpreading, and without any glofs on the
upper fide, fig, 1. .
STAMINA: FiLAMENTs numerous, filiform, fhorter
than the Corolla ; Aw run oblong, flat, bend-
ing inward, and of a yellow colour, fig. 2.
PISTILLUM : GERMINA from five to ten, oblong,
flattifh, and upright; STrvLEs none; STIGMA-
TA fimple, fig. 3.
SEED-VESSEL: fo many Capsutes as Germina,
pointed, and fpreading, opening a$ the fuperior
future, fig. 4.
SEEDS numerous, fomewhat oval, beautifull, at bot-
tom of an olive, and at top of a reddifh colour.
Linnzvs informs us that the Caltha is the firft lower which proclaims the Spring in Lapland, and that it begins
to blow about the end of May, with us it ufually flowers in March and April, and laft Spring, 1775, this plant
was found in Bloffom in the month of February, fo remarkably forward was the Spring of that year.
It grows in wet Meadows and by the fides of Rivers, where it makes a very noble appearance, and when dou-
ble, is often cultivated in Gardens, where it will grow very readily if the foil be favourable.
In the Country, Children collect it to ornament their Garlands on May day.
I f{carce ever obferved the leaves to be eaten by any animals, but the flowers are often deftroyed by a fpecies
. of CHRYSOMELA.
Harrzm fays that it is acrid and cauftic and yet that itis eaten by Cows.
The flower Buds are pickled and ufed as Capers.
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‘PERICARPIUM nullum, Calyx continens Semina.
VERBENA OFFICINALIS. V ERVAIN.
VERBENA Lii Gen. Pl. Dipynamra GYMNOSPERMIA.
Rau Gen. 14. SurFRUTICES, ET HERBJE VERTICILLATS. ia
VERBENA officinalis, tetrandra, {picis filiformibus, paniculatis; folis multifido-laciniatis, caule folitario;
Lin. Syft. Vegetab. b. 62.
VERBENA folis tripartitis rugofis, fpicis nudis graciliffimis Haller. bif. v. t. f. 96.
VERBENA communis czruleo flore. Baubin, Pin. 269. mas, feu recta et vulgaris. Parkinfon 674. communis
Gerard 664. — Raü Sym 256. Hudfon Fl. Angl. f. 505. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. 5. 433.
RADIX perennis, lignofa, craffitie digiti minimi, raro $ ROOT perennial, woody, about the thicknefs of tlie
major, in terram profunde penetrans, fibrofa, i little finger, feldom larger, running deep into
lutefcens, fapore fubamaro. Y the earth, fibrous, of a yellowith colour, and
; ' Í flightly bitter tafte.
CAULES plerumque plures ex eadem radice, erecti, pe- y STALKS: in general feveral arife from the fame root,
dales aut bipedales, quadrangulares, duo latera Y . upright, from one totwo feet high, four fquare,
excavata, duo fubcorivexa, fulcata, idque alterne, Y two fides hollowed out, two roundith and groo-
aculeis brevibus armati, brachiati. A ved, and that alternately, armed with fhort
Hd prickles, the branches alternately oppofite.
FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, venofa, profunde dentata, aut $ LEAVES oppofite, feflile, veiny, deeply indented or cut
incifa, ad bafin anguftiora. in, narroweft at bottom.
1
FLORES in {picas longas, filiformes, erectas. difpofiti, 3 FLOWERS difpofed in long filiform erect fpikes, fuppor-
BRACTEA ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, calyce y ted by an oval pointed FLonar-rEar íÍhorter
breviore fuffulti, fig. 11. | Y than the Calyx, fg. ti.
CALYX: PznrawTHIUM monophyllum, angulatum, H CALYX: a PEnrANTHIUM of one leaf, quinquedentate,
quinqüedentatum, denticulo quinto minimo, perfifte i the fh tooth exceedingly minute, continuing, fig.
Sum fee DB 3, 3 ae
COROLLA neem: inzequalis, purpurafcens, Tusus i COROLLA misndpetelous. unequal, purplifh, the Tuse
cylindraceus, incurvatus; Faux villofa, fig. 5; cylindrical and crooked, the Mourn villous,
LrMgus quinquefidus, /acimus rotundatis, fub- Jigs 5. the Limp divided into five /egments, which
aequalibus, fg. 4. are round and nearly equal, fig. 4.
STAMINA: FirAMENTA quatuor breviffima, vix con- Y STAMINA: four FiLAMENTS very fhort and fcarce
fpicua, ANTHERJE quatuor, quarum due brevi- confpicuous, four AN THERE two of which are
ores reliquis, ejufdem forme cum Didynamiis above the others, of the fame form with thofe
of the Clafs Didyuamia in general, fig. 6.
PISTILLUM : the GErmen four fquare, the STvr fili-
form, growing thicker towards the extremity,
the ST1GMA obtufe, fiz. 7.
PERICARPIUM wantng, theCalyx containingthe Seeds.
SEEDS four, oblong, obtufe, on the infide flatifh and
white, on the outfide brown, convex, grooved
and reticulated, fig. 8, 9, 10.
; fig. 6.
PISTILLUM: GERMEN tetragonum, STYLvus filiformis
apice paululum incraffatus; Stigma obtufum
SEMINA quatuor, oblonga, obtufa, interne planiufcula
aloa, externe fufca, convexa, fulcato-reticulata ffg. 8,9, 0.
FEAL AEE EEE 4640444 444 46 64419
The Vervain may be confidered asa kind of domeftic plant, not confined to any particular foil, but growing
by the road fides, pretty univerfally at the entrance into Towns and Villages.
It produceth its blofloms in the months of Auguft and September.
There 1s only one Species of this Genus which grows wild in this country, but in different parts of the
world the fpecies are numerous, and what is remarkable, fome have four and others but two Stamina, hence LrzNw vs
ranks them among his Diandrous plants, making a divifion of them into fuch as have flores, Diandri and flores
Tetrandri. As our fpecies hath four Stamina, two of which are above the other two, as the Style proceeds from
the center of the four united Germina, andas four naked feeds follow, which are contained within the Calyx, we
have placed it with ScoroLi among the Didynamia Gymnofbermia plants, a Clafs to which the botanic Student, who
had been inftructed in the Linnzan principles of Botany, would readily have been induced to refer it.
The feed of this plant has fomething remarkably curious in its appearance, on the infide it is of a Ínowy-white,
externally brown, and beautifully reticulated.
The Plant which the Romans called Verbena, appearsto have been ufed on particular occafions at a very early
period, as a token of mutual confidence betwixt them and their Enemies. It was alfo conftantly applied to the
purpofes of Superítition and Enchantment, in making wreaths and brooms for their Altars, and chaplets for their
Priefts. It is probable from Plizy’s account, that the plant which we now defcribe was the fame with that of the Anti-
ents, but in a larger fenfe, they called the Laurel and Myrtle or whatever was bound round the Altar Verbena. The
dry harfh nature of this herb, agrees but ill with the Pinguis Verbena of Virgil, perhaps it acquired that title from being
. anointed with the fat of the facrifice.
In later times Vervain has been accounted a fovereign remedy in a multitude of diforders; ScmaopEn recommends
it in upwards of thirty ditferent complaints, on which Mr. Ray judicioutly obferves ** Mirum tot viribus pollere plan-
tam nulla infigni qualitate fenfibili dotatam’! ftrange that a plant which inherits no remarkably fenfible quality fhould
poffefs fo many virtues!
Mr. Morley a late writer on the Vervain, confiders it as extremely ufeful in the cure of the Schrophula or Kings evil,
and in his Effay on the nature and cure of Schrophulous difeafes, has given usa figure of the plant with particular
directions for its ufe, which confifts in hanging the root (which is to be of a larger or fmaller fize according to the
age of his Patients) tied with a yard of wéite fattin ribband round the neck, there to be worn till they recover.
Thofe who know any thing of the effects of Medicines on the human body. will not eafily be perfwaded that fuch
a kind of application can produce any very wonderful effect in this cafe, even making the greateft allowance for
the powers of the imagination; and Mr. Morley as if fenfible of the inefficacy of his Vervain Amulet, calls to his
aflifiance a number of powerful medicines, among others we find Mercury, Antimony, Hemlock, Jalap, &c; and
by a repeated and oftimes a long continued application of Baths, Cataplafms, Ointments, Poultices, Plaifters, &c.
and the exhibition of gentle purges and alterative medicines, fome have been relieved and others cured; but can
any one hence infer with any degree of reafon that the Vervain Root had any fhare in the cure? certainly no; out of
all Mr. Morley’s cafes there is not one which proves it, and the virtues of this plant {till remain to be aícertained by
rational experiments.
It fhould be obferved that the Schrophula is a difeafe which at certain periods of life and at certain feafons of the
year, is liable to be much worfe than at others, and frequently exceeding bad cafes of this kind have been cured by
the moft fimple applications. '
Many people have no doubt applied to Mr: Morley from a fuppofition that his motives were perfectly difinterefted,
and it muft be confeffed that there are Empirics much more mercenary and infinitely more dangerous; yet it does not
appear but Mr. Morley acts nearly on the fame principle with other Practioners in Phyfick, with this difference its
deed, that they receive their fees in fpecie, he takes his in kind.
That we may not be thought to act difingenoufly by Mr. Morley we fhall quote his own words—“Many many
Guineas have been offered me but I never take any money. Sometimes indeed genteel People have fent me {mall ac-
knowledgements of Tea, Wine, Venifon, &c. Generous ones, {mall pieces of Plate or other little Prefents. Even
neighbouring Farmers a Goofe or Turkey, &c. by way of Thanks. 3 |
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Lamium PURPUREUM. Rep Lamu os
Dean INETTLE.
LAMIUM Linnei Gen. Pl. Dipynamia GymwNospermia. Corolle labium fuperius integrum,. fornicatum,
labium inferius bilobum; faux utrinque margine dentata. Lin. Defcrip. Gen. abbrev.
Ra Syn. Gen. 14. SuFFRUTICES ET HERBJE VERTICILLATS.
LAMIUM
purpureum folis cordatis obtufis :petiolatis. imme: Syf. Vegetab. $. 446. Sp. PL 809. FL
Suecic. 203.
LAMIUM folis cordatis, obtufis, in fummo ramo congeftis. Haller. bf. v. 1. 118.
LAMIUM $urbureum. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. p. 407. m. tor.
LAMIUM
purpureum feetidum, folio fubrotunde, five Galeopfis Diofcoridis. Baubim. pin. 230. Lamium ru-
brum. Gerard emac. 703. Parkinfon. 604. Ran. Synopfis Small Dead Nettle or red Archangel 240.
‘Hudfon. Fl. Angl. 225. Geder. Fl. Dan. icon. $23.
RADIX
annua, fibrofa.
CAULES plures, ad bafin debiles, et ramofi, prope
fummitatem fere nudi, et fepe colorati, femi- |
pedales, quadrangulares, fiftulofi, {crabiufcuh.
FOLIA .oppofita, venofa, hirfutula, inferiora fubrotun-
do-cordata, crenata, longe petiolata: fuperiora
ovato-cordata, obtufe ferrata, petiolis brevibusin-
fidentia, alterne oppofita, reflexa, deníe etim-
bricatim .congefta, etrubedine tincta.
FLORES purpurei, in fummis caulibus verticillatim
denfius füpati. Verticilli multiflori.
CALYX: PgniawNTHIUM menophyllum, tubulatum, fu-
perme patentius, quinquedentatum, fubftria-
tum, hirfutulum, dentibus fubzequalibus, acu-
minatis. jig. 1.
COROLLA monopetala, ringens, pallide purpurea, fig. 2 ;
TUBUS brevis, cylindraceus, fig. 6 ; FAUX in-
flata, margineutroque bidentata, fig. 4; denticule
fuperiori {pine fimili, inferiore obtufiore, macula
notata; labium fuperius, fig. 3, ovatum, conca-
vum, villofulum, integrum, labium tferius
bilobum, maculatum, lobis patentibus. fie. 5.
STAMINA: Firamenta quatuor, fubulata, alba, fub
labio fuperori tecta, quorum duo longiora, ffe. 7 5
ANTHERJ oblonge, barbate, polline croceo
replete. fig. 8. |
PISTILLUM: Germen quadrifidum; STvrvs filiformis,
longitudine et fituftaminum; SricMa bifidum,
acutum, jig.g, 10, II.
SEMINA 4 in fundo calycis, palkida, triangularia, apice
truncata, marginata, fig, 12.
ET
ROOT annual and fibrous. | |
STALKS feveral, at bottom weak and branched, near
the top almoft naked, and frequently coloured,
fix inches or more in height, quadrangular,
hollow, and flightly rough.
LEAVES oppofite, vemy, flightly hairy, the lower
ones of a roundifh-heart fhaped form, notched,
and placed on footftalks, the uppermoft ones
oval-heart-fhaped, obtufely ferrated, with fhort
footftalks, alternately oppofite, growing thickly
together, bent back-and laying one over another,
of a reddifh cclour.
FLOWERS purple, growing thickly together on the
tops of the ftalks in whirls; many flowers in
each whirl.
: a PER1AN THIUM of one leaf, tubular, at top
Ípreading, with five teeth, fomewhat ftriated
and hairy, the teeth nearly equal and long
pointed. fig. 1. i
XCOROLLA monopetalous, gaping, of a pale purple
colour, fig. 25 the ruse fhort and cylindrical,
Jig. 6; the EN TRANCE OF THE TUBE inflated,
the margin on each fide furnifhed with two
teeth, fig. 4; the uppermoft pointed like a thorn,
the lowermoft blunter with a fpot on it; the
upper ip fg. 3; oval, hollow, flightly villous,
entire, the under lip divided into two lobes, fpread-
ing alittlefrom one another, and fpotted, fig. 5.
STAMINA: four FILAMENTS, tapering and white, hid
under the upper lip, two of which are longer
than the reft fig. 7; the ANTHER# oblong,
bearded, and and full of a yellow pollen fig. 8.
PISTILLUM: Germen quadrifid; Srvrvs filiform, the
length of the Stamina; Sricma bifid and
pointed fig. 9, 10, 1r. |
SEEDS 4 in the bottom of the Calyx, of a pale brown,
triangular, cut off as it were at top, with a
margin round them, fig. 12.
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Although this plant may perhaps with propriety be confidered as a Weed in Gardens, yet the bright colour of
its tops and flowers, joined to its early appearance, contributes not a little to ornament our banks in the Spring,
when few other plants appear in bloflom.
'The Flowers are moft commonly of a bright red colour, fometimes white, and are much reforted to by Bees of
various kands.
The Leaves and Flowers are thofe parts of the plant, which are ufed in Medicine, although in the prefent
practice they are fcarce regarded.
According to LiwwjEvs it is boiled in Upland, a Province of Sweden, as a pot herb. A Variety of this plant
occurs not unfrequently about Town, which has its leaves more deeply indented. Ray calls it. Lamium rubrum |
minus, folüs profunde incifs. Y have found it growing on abank on the right hand fide of the way between Pimlico and
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"THYMUS w4crINnos
Basic Tuyme
THYMUS Linnei Gen. P Dipynamra GyMwosPERMIA,
rà Calycis bilabiati faux villis claufa,
Rai Symop. Gen. 14.
SUFFRUTICES ET HERBA VERTICILLATA,
THYMUS Acinos caulibus adfcendentibus, foliis dentato-ferratis, calycibus bafi ventricofis.
THYMUS Acinos foribus verticilatis, pedunculis unifloris caulibus erectis fubramofis, folis acutis,
ferratis.
n
Linn. Syft. Vegetab. b. 452.
Flor. Suecic. f. 209.
CLINOPODIUM foliis ovatis acutis ferratis, flore folus breviore. Haller. bf. bel. n: 237.
THYMUS <cinos. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. à. 426. n. 735.
" CLINOPODIUM arvenfe ocimi facie.
CLINOPODIUM minus five vulgare.
OCYMUM fylveftre. Gerard. emac. 675.
Baubin. pin. p. 226.
Parkinfon, 21.
ACINOS multis. Bauwbim.bjf. 32. 259. Raii Syn. p. 238. Wild Bafl —Hudfon Fl. Angl. 5. 230.
RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa.
CAULES adfcendentes, femipedales, tetragoni, ramofi,
| hirfuti, purpurafcentes; Rami cauli fimiles
longi, patentes, imi oppofiti.
FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovato-acuta, medium interi-
us petiolo proximum integrum, exterius mu-
croni proximum dentatum, margines paululum
reflexi, ciliati, nervo medio venifque fubtus
hirfutis, fuperne vix hirfuta, impunctata, ve-
nis quam in ferpyllo profundius exaratis.
FLORES pedunculati, verticillati, fpicati, plerumque
: fex in fingulo verticillo.
CALYX: PznraNTHIUM monophyllum, tubulatum,
bafi ventricofum, ftriatum, hirfutum, quinque-
dentatum, dentibus tribus fuperioribus brevio-
. ribus, reflexis, inferioribus fetaceis, fauce villis
claufo, fig. 1. '
COROLLA monopetala, tubulofa, purpurea, bilabiata,
labium fuperius brevius, obtufum, reflexum,
emarginatum, inferius trifidum, lacinus fubro-
tundis, medio produ&tiore fubemarginato, macula
alba, lunulaia, prominente, notata, fig. 3, 4, b.
d
STAMINA: FirawENTA quatuor, quorum duo lon-
giora, Corollà breviora; ANTHERJ parve,
rubrz, jig. 6.
PISTILLUM : GERMEN quadripartitum ; STvrvs fili-
formis longitudine Staminum ; STi1GMA bif
dum, acutum, fig. 7.
PERICARPIUM nullum
SEMINA quatuor oblonga intra Calycem, jig. 8, g.
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ROOT annual, fimple and fibrous.
STALKS adfcending, about fix inches high, fquare,
branched, hirfute, purplifh; Brawncues like
the ftalk, long, fpreading, the bottom ones
oppofite.
LEAVES oppofite, ftanding on foot-ftalks, of a pointed
oval fhape, the inner middle part of them next
the foot-ftalks entire, the outer middle part
next the point indented, the edges turned a little
back and ciliated, the midrib and veins on the
under fide of the leaf hirfute, the upper furface
of the leaves fcarcely hairy, without any dots,
the veins deeper than in the common Wild
‘Thyme.
FLOWERS growing on foot-ftalks, in whirls, forming
a {pike, generally fix in each whirl,
CALYX: a PEniAN THIUM of one leaf, tubular, Ze//j-
ing out at bottom, ftriated, hirfute, having five
teeth, the three uppermoft of which are fhorteft
and turned back, the lower ones flender and
tapering, the moth clofed up with fhort hairs,
usa f.
COROLLA monopetalous, tubular, purple, having two
| lips, the uppermoft of which 1s fhorteft, blunt,
turned back, with a flight notch in it; the
lowermoft divided into three roundith fegments,
the muddle one of which is longer than the
others, very flightly notched in, and marked
with a raifed white femilunar fpot, fig. 2, 4, 5.
STAMINA: four FinraAMENTs, two long and two
fhort, within the Corolla; ANTHER# {mall
and red, fig, 6.
PISTILLUM : Gzawzw divided into four parts; SrvrE
à; filiform, the length of the Stamina ; SriGMA
bifid and acute, fig. 7.
SEED-VESSEL none.
SEEDS. Four oblong feeds within the Calyx, fig. 8, g.
As there are only two fpecies of Thyme growing wild in this Kingdom, and thofe very different from each other,
the young Botanift cannot be at alofsin diftinguifhing them; with the ZAymus alpinus, (figured by that accurate
Botanift Jaceyurn, in his FZ Aywfriac, who has contributed much to the advancement of botanic knowledge,)
this plant has a much greater affinity, but may be diftinguifhed by attending to the fize of the flowers and the (hape
of the Calyx : theflowers of the alpinus are nearly twice as large as thofe of the acimos, and the Calyx of the latter has
a protuberance at its bafe which we do not find either in the a/pinus or ferpyllum s; a white circular mark in the
| mouth ofthe flowers, makes the blofloms of this fpecies ftrikingly different from thofe of Wild Thyme.
The moft common place of growth for this plant is in uncultivated fields, particularly where the foil is chalky,
about Charlton it is found in abundance, flowering in July and Auguft.
A variety with a white flower fometimes occurs.
The fame agreeable aromatic flavour predominates in this fpecies as in the Wild Thyme, whence it is pros
! bable that their virtues are very fimular.
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Linmnei Gen. Pl. DiDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA,
Raii Syn. Gen. HERB FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO.
Odontites folis linearibus: omnibus ferratis Linnai Syf. Vegetab. Sp. Pl. p. 841. Fi,
EUPHRASIA
EUPHRASIA
Suecic. f. 213. m. 544.
ODONTITES bracteis ferratis hirfutis. Haller. dif. v. 1. p.-134. s. 304.
EUPHRASIA Odbontites. Scopeli Fl. Carniol. b. 435.
EUPHRASIA pratenfis rubra. Bauhin Pin. $. 234.
EUPHRASIA pratenfis rubra major. Parkinfon 1329.
CRATAOGONON Euphrofyne. Ger. emac. 91. Raii Syn. p.* 284. Eye-bright Cow-wheat. Hud/on
Fl. Angl. p. 234.
Lon ————— A ———— ———re—x"xx"C"«"C———— NNNM NM NM RN WR RM RN RN WR RN HR a a ug anual
RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, lignea.
CAULIS erectus, ramofiffimus, íemipedalis, ad bipeda-
lem, hirfutus, obtufe quadrangularis.
RAMI cauli fimiles, oppofiti.
FOLIA alterne oppofita, feffilia, lineari-lanceolata, re-
flexa, rariter dentata, hirfutula, venofa, venis
parvis, fubtus hirfutis.
BRACTEJE nee MAPA fubere&tz, purpurafcentes.
FLORES fpicati, fecundi, fpicis apice fubnutantibus,
CALYX: PrniawTHIUM monophyllum, tubulofum,
quadridentatum, hirfutum, dentibus zqual-
bus, acutis, fig. 1.
COROLLA monopetala, ringens, labium fuperius con-
cavum, fubemarginatum, inferius tripartitum,
laciniis obtufis, aequalibus, fiz. 2.
STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, quorum duo paulo
breviora, alba; Aw THERE bilobz, biloculares,
apice filamentofz, bafi fpinulis duabus termi-
natz, deorfum ubi filamentum inferitur ap-
pendiculis clavatis pluribus inftrudte, ffe. 5, 4, 5.
PISTILLUM : GERMEN ovatum, hirfutulum; Srvrvs
filiformis, in flore nondum explicato fub. labio
fuperiore Corolle involutus, poftea Corollà
longior; STIGMA capitatum, fig. 6.
,
PERICARPIUM : CarsurA ovato-oblonga, compreffa,
bilocularis, fig. 7.
SEMINA plurima, albida, ftriata, fig. 8.
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ROOT annual, fimple, fibrous, and woody.
STALK upright, very much branched, from fix inches
to two feet high, hirfute, and obtufely íquare.
BRANCHES like the ftalk and oppofite.
LEAVES alternately oppofite, feffile, betwixt linear
and lanceolate, turning back, thinly indented,
flightly hirfute, veiny, veins few and hirfute
underneath,
BRACTEZ lanceolate, nearly upright, purplifh.
FLOWERS growing in fpikes of a red colour, incli-
ned all one way, the fpikes nodding a little at
top.
CALYX: a Pertantuium of one leaf, tubular, qua-
dridentate, hirfute, the teeth equal and fharp,
Jig. 1.
COROLLA monopetalous, gaping, the upper lip con-
cave and flightly notched in; the lower lip di-
vided into three, obtufe, equal fegments, fg, 2.
STAMINA: four FzLAMENTS, two fomewhat longeft,
white; ANTHERZ compofed of two lobes and
two cavities, at top thready, at bottom termi-
nated by two little fpines, and on the back part
where the filament 1s inferted, furnifhed with
feveral fmall club-fhaped threads or appendages,
JE. 3: 4» 5.
PISTILLUM : GznMzNn oval, hirfute ; Srvrz filiform,
before the flower opens bent in underneath the
upper lip of the Corolla ; afterwards longer
than the Corolla; Stigmata forming a little
head, fv. 6.
SEED-VESSEL an oval, oblong, flattifh Caesurns, of.
two cavities, fig. 7.
SEEDS feveral, whitifh and ftriated, fg. 8.
This fpecies of Eyebright, which is exceedingly different from the common fort, grows very common in
Paftures, fometimes in Corn-fields, and flowers in July and Auguft: it differs very much in fize according
to the place it grows in, and is now and then found with white flowers.
It is not remarked either for its beauty or utility.
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AAT E E
ANTIRREINUM CYMBAL ARLA. Ivv-LEAV'D ANTIRRHINUM.
ANTIRRHINUM Linnei Gen. Pl.
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA,
Rail Sym HERB FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPET ALO.
ANTIRRHINUM
Cymbalaria folis cordatis quinquelobis alternis, caulibus procumbentibus. Lianei
Sy. Vegetab. p. 464. Sp. Pl. p. 85x.
ANTIRRHINUM
caule repente, foliis reniformibus, quinquelobatis Haller hift. $. 146.
2. 359°
ANTIRRHINUM Cymbalaria Scopoli Fl. Carniol. m. 770.
CYMBALARIA JBaubim pin. 306.
LINARIA federaceo folio glabro, feu Cymbalaria vulgaris. Tourn. 169. Garidel. 287. Gouan. FI. Monff.
100.
p-
Tota Planta glabra, cum odore ingrato.
RADIX perennis, fibrofa, intra fifluras murorum pe-
netrans; eradicatione difficilis. '
CAULES plures, confertim nafcuntur, bafr repentes,
procumbentes, ramofi, teretes, glabri, purpu-
rafcentes, nervo intus duriore et tenaciore ficut
in Alüne.
FOLIA quinquelobata, glabra, fubcarnofa, oppofita,
aut alterna, fepe purpurafcentia, jig. 12.
PETIOLI longi, fuperne fulcati.
PEDUNTCUL. teretes, petiolis paulo longiores.
CALYX: PznraNTHIUM quinquepartitum, — laciniis
lanceolatis, perfiftentibus, fig. 1.
COROLLA monopetala, ringens; ‘Tusus brevis, fig. 6 ;
Limevus bilabiatus, labium fuperius bifidum,
reflexum, purpureum, venis duabus faturatiori-
bus ftriatum, fig. 2. inferius trifidum, laciniis
fubrotundis, albidis, ffe. 3; PALATUM promi-
nens, bifidum, flavum, fg. 5, Faux villofum,
croceum.
NEECTARIUM purpureum, conicum, longitudine
calycis, fig. . 5.
STAMINA: FrirLAMENTA quatuor, duo breviora;
AN'TTHERJE bilobz, alba, conniventes, jig. 7.
PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, purpureum;
SrvLvs filiformis ; ST16MA obtufum, jg. 8.
PERICARPIUM Caprsura fubrotunda, rugofa, femi-
nibus protuberantibus, bivalvis, valvis apice
in plures lacinias dehifcentibus, fig. 9, 10.
SEMINA nigra, fubrotunda, rugofa, fig. 10.
A€4A444€ AEE 4406444164464 644445 44-1 4644464441446 44:444 HALA LEE ASL ALAA AEA LEERY SABA AA ALAA REALE 4454444 6464444446446 4554446444644 ELE
Gerard Fl. Galloprov. p. 292. Raii Syn. p.*282. Hudfon Fl. Angl. j 237
The whole plant fmooth, with a difagreeable fmell.
ROOT perennial, fibrous, penetrating between the
crevices of the walls, and fearce to be eradi-
cated.
STALKS numerous, growing in a kind of tuft, creep-
ing at bottom, procumbent, branched, round,
{mooth, purplth, and ftringy as in Chick-
weed.
LEAVES quinquelobate, fmooth, fomewhat flefhy,
fome of them oppofite, others alternate, fre-
quently purplith, fg. 12.
FOOT-STALKS of the leaves long, on the upper part
grooved.
FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, round, a little longer
than the foot-ftalks of the leaves.
CALYX: a PERIANTHiUM divided into five fegments,
which are lanceolate and continuing, fig. 1.
COROLLA monopetalous, ringent; the 'I'vsE fhort,
jig. 6: the Limp divided into two lips; the
upperlip bifid, turning back, and purple, ftri-
ped with two veins of a deeper colour, fiz. 2;
the lower hp trifid, the fegments round and
whitifh, fig. 3; the PAL ATE prominent, bifid,
and yellow, fg. 4; the Mourn or entrance
into the tube villous and faffron-coloured.
NECTARY purple, conical, the length ene Calyx,
Jg. 5.
STAMINA: four FirtAMENTS, two fhort and two.
long; ANTHER# compofed of two lobes,
white and connivent, fig. 7.
PISTILLUM : Geren roundifh and purple ;
filiform; Stigma blunt, fig. 8.
TYLE
SEED-VESSEL a roundifh CapsuLe, furface uneven,
from the feeds protuberating, of two valves,
which open'at top into feveral laciniz, fig.
Oy TC.
SEEDS black, roundifh and wrinkled, fg. 10.
This Species of Antirrbinum 18 fo perfectly diftin® from all the others which grow wild in this country,
that there is no poffibility of miftaking it.
It is found in great plenty in all thofe parts near London, that lay
within the reach of the Thames; the feeds are carried by the flux and reflux of the tide up and down the.
river, and left at high water mark in the crevices of old walls, where they take root and eucreafe very faft.
It is fuppofed to have been introduced to us from Italy, whether for the purpofes of ornament or medicine is uncertain.
The Walls of the Phyfc Garden, at Chelfea, from whence it has probably originated in this country, are
plentifully covered with it; it may alfo be found on the Temple Walls, and at the fides of the ftream running
under Vauxhall Turnpike.
In fome fituations the leaves grow much larger than thofe of the annexed fpecimem,
ery
25
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ANTIRRHINUM ELATINE.
ANTIRRHINUM Lin. Gen. Pi.
Rau Syn. Gen. 18.
LARI,
SHARP-POINTED FP LUELLIN.
DipyNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
HERB& FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI, FLORE MONOPETALO IRREGU-
ANTIRRHINUM foliis haftatis alternis, caulibus procumbentibus. Linn. 8. PL 85.
ANTIRRHINUM caule procumbente, foliis haftatis, imis conjugatis, fuperioribus alternis. Haller hi. v. 1.
f. 14. 6. n. 440.
ELATINE folio acuminato, in bafi auriculato, fore luteo. Baubin Pim. 2 rer
ELATINE folo acuminato. Par&mfom 552.
ELATINE altera. Gerard emac. 623.
-
— LINARIA Elatine di&a, folio acuminato. Rai Sym. *282.
ANTIRRHINUM Elatine. Hudfon Fl. Angl. 5. 237. Scopoli Fl. Carmol. 5. 444... OEder. Fl. Dan. Ic. 426.
d ; c ei OT. e- n 3
TOTA PLANTA pilofa.
RADIX fibrofa, annua, albida,
CAULES numerofi, teretes, fubramofi, in junioribus
plantis fuberecti, tandem procumbentes, ad duos
pedes et ultra fzpe extenfi.
FOLIA petiolata, ima fubrotunda, oppofita; proxima
dentata, alterna; quz fequuntur magna ex parte
haftata.
PEDUNCULI axillares, alterni, penduh, longitudine
foliorum. |
CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, perfiftens,
fegmentis ovato-lanceolatis acutis, fig. I.
COROLLA monopetala, ringens, flava; ruBus breviffi-
| mus; LIMBUS bilabiatus, labium fuperius bifi-
. dum, fegmentis obtufis, inferne purpureis, in-
ferius trifidum, fegmentis obtufis, medio pro-
ductiore, et paulo minore; PALA TUM prominu-
lum, flavum, fg. 2; Necrarium fubulatum,
flavum, longitudine fegmentorum calycis, jig. 3.
STAMINA: FiLAMENTA quatuor, quorum duo paulo
longiora; -ANTHER# purpureo-fuíce, coalef-
centes, jig. 4. Tyee |
PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum, compreflum, a-
pice villofum ; Smvrvs filiformis, longitudine
{taminum, apice incraffatus, uncinatus; Sric-
MA fimplex, fig. 5, 6, 7.
PERICARPIUM : Carsur a rotunda, bilocularis, bival-
vis, valvis deciduis, foramine magno in utroque
latere capfule relicto, valve orbiculate, con-
cavae, fig. 8, 9, 10.
SEMINA nigra, rugofa, 8--1o in fingulo loculamento,
Jig. 12.
THE WHOLE PLANT hairy.
ROOT fibrous, annual, whitith. |
| SFALKS numerous, round, a little branched, in the
young plants nearly upright, in the old ones
trailing on the ground, frequently to the dif-
tance of two feet or more.
LEAVES ítanding on foot-ftalks, the bottom leaves
roundifh and oppofite, the next to thofe are in-
dented and alternate, and thofe which follow
. are for the moft part haftate.
'EDUNCLES alternate, pendulous, the length of, and
. proceeding from the Ale of the leaves. -
ALYX: a Perianruium divided into five fegments
perfifting, the fegments lanceolate, jig. 1.
4-COROLLA monopetalous, ringent, and yellow; the
| TUBE very fhort; the L1ms divided into two
lips, the upper lip bifid, the fegments obtufe;
and purple underneath; the lower lip trifid,
the fegments obtufe, the middle one longeft
and leaft; the PALATE prominent and yellow,
Jig. 25 the NEcTARIUM the length of the feg-
ments of the Calyx, {mall and tapering, jg.
$e 4O >> 48> 41 > 4ES>
(PE
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STAMINA four FILAMENTS, two of which are a little
longer than the others; the ANTHER# pur-
plith-brown, adhering together, fig. 4. |
PISTILLUM : the GERMEN roundifh, flattened, at top
hairy; the SrvrE filiform, the length of the
Stamina, thickened at top and hooked ;. the
Sricma fimple, fg. 5, 6, 7.
SEED-VESSEL: a round CaPsuLE of two cavities
and.two valves, the valves round and concave,
on falling off leaving a large hole in each fide
of the Capfule, fig. 8, 9, 10.
SEEDS black, and wrinkled, from 8 to ro in each cavi-
ty, fig. 12.
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THIS fpecies of Autirrbinum grows generally in Corn-felds, and in fome parts of England is much more
" common than it is with us; in the Corn-fields about Peckham I have generally found it in bloom in July,
Auguft and September, and even later; it very much refembles the Antirrhinum fpurium in its general habit,
but is readily difünguifhed by its pommted leaves.
Some Writers have confidered it as pofleffed of healing proper-
ties, and affirm that the exprefled juice of the plant, or its diftilled water taken inwardly and. applied exter-
nally, has checked and cured {preading and cancerous Ulcers; and Ray relates a Story from Lope, of a poor
Barber, who by the above ufe of this plant, faved his Nofe, which had been condemned to be cut off by fe
veral eminent Phyficians and Surgeons.
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ANTIRRHINUM LIN4RI4 ComMMON YELLOW
Toapb Frax.
ANTIRRHINUM | Linngi Gen. Pl. Dipynam1a ANGIOSPERMIA.
Rai Syn. Gen. 18. HERB® FRUCTU sICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO.
ANTIRRHINUM Zzaria folis lanceolato-linearibus confertis, caule erecto, {picis terminalibus fefülibus, |
floribus imbricatis. Linn. Sy/t. Vegetab. p. 466. Fi. Suecic. BLUE |
ANTIRRHINUM folis linearibus adícendentibus congeftis, caule erecto fpicato. Haller. bif. Vit. p- 145.
LINARIA vulgaris lutea flore majore. Baubin pin. p. 212.
LINARIA lutea vulgaris. Gerardemac. 550. vulgaris noftras. Parkinfon 458. Rau Syn. p. *281. Hudfon
Fl. Angl. p. 239. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. p: 442:
ROOT perennial, white, hard and woody, creeping
under the earth, and propagating itfelf very
much.
STALKS : generally feveral arife from the fame root,
upright, from one to two feet high, very full
. of leaves, round and fmooth.
LEAVES linear, pointed, growing very thick together
on the ftalk without any regular order, fmooth,
" and of a blueifh colour.
FLORES lutei, palato croceo, in fummis caulibus in $ FLOWERS yellow, with the palateof an orange or
RADIX perennis, alba, dura, lignofa, per terram rep- 1
Y
4
Y
ES
t
:
4
Y
4
í
fpicas denfas imbricatim congefti. l {affron colour, placed one over another in thick
Y
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M
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Y
4
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i
t
T
tando immenfüm fe propagans.
CAULES plerumque plures ex eadem radice, erecti,
pedales aut cubitales, foliofiffimi, teretes, leves.
FOLIA linearia, acuta, conferta, {parfa, glauca.
Ípikes on the top of the Stalks.
CALYX: a PzniANTHIUM divided into five fegments
fhort and continuing, the fegments oval and
pointed, the upper one a little longer than the
reft, the two inferior ones gaping wideft, fig. 1.
COROLLA monopetalous, ringent, and yellow, jig. 3;
the TuBE fhort; the Lirms compofed of two
Lips, jig. 43 the upper Lip bifid, the fegments
firft bending down, afterwards turned back and
clofing together, fig. 5; the /ewwer La trifid,
CALYX: PreRIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, breve, per-
fiftens, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis, fuperiore czete-
ris paulo longiore, duabus inferioribus magis
dehiscentibus, fig. 1. |
COROLLA monopetala ringens, lutea, /fg.3. 'luBvs
brevis; Limsus bilabiatus, jig. 4. LABIUM
fuperius bitidum, lacinns primum deflexis, poftea
reflexis. conniventibus, fig. 5; LABIUM zferius
trifidum, lacini obtufis, intermedio breviore
25
minore, fr. 6; Faux claufa PALATO pro- the fegments obtufe, the middle one fhorteft
Y
minente, bifido, croceo, ad bafin villofo, jig. 7. 4 and leaft, fig. 6; the MovTH clofed by a Pa-
: LATE prominent, bifid, of a faftron colour,
Y and villous at bottom, jig. 7.
STAMINA: FrirAMENTA quatuor, alba, fub labio fu- $ STAMINA: four white Frramenrs, inclofed under
periori inclufa, quorum duo breviora, ad batin 4 the upper lip of the Corolla, two of which are
villofa, fr. 9; Aw'rHERJE flavz, conniventes, ¥ fhorter than the other two, at bottom villous,
fg. io. : fig. 9; AwTHERE yellow, flightly connected
i together, fig. 10.
Y PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundifh, Svr filiform and
i white ; STIGMATA obtufe.
1
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
SEED-VESSEL a CarsurE of an oval and cylindrical
Íhape, having two cavities, and fplitting at top
PISTILLUM: Germen fübrotundum, Srvrvs filifor-
mis. albus; Stigma obtufum.
PERICARPIUM : Ca»surA ovato-cylindracea, bilocu-
laris, apice in plures lacinias dehifcens, fig. 14,
155 10. into feveral divifions, fig. 14, 15, 16.
SEMINA numerofa, nigra, plana, medio extuberantia, ¥ SEEDS numerous, black, flat, protuberant in the mid-
Hee 3 dle, fex qu. |
Mr. Ray in his Hifforia Plantarum has colle&ed the Authorities of feveral writers who fpeak highly of the me-
dical virtues of this Plant. At the fame time that we by no means believe in all the Virtues which are attributed
to many plauts by the old Authors, we would be carefull of rejecting all their accounts, particularly when there
is fome reafon to think they may be founded in Truth, the mention of them may at leaft ferve to excite fuch of the
Faculty as have proper opportunities to give them a fair trial, and either reje& them entirely, or bring them more
generally imto practice.
According to fome it opperates both by Stool and Urine, and fo much by the latter, as to acquire among the
Germans the name of Harnkrout. A fmall Glafs of the diftilled Water mixed with a drachm of the bark of the
Ebulus or Water Elder in powder. powerfully provokes Urine, and is recommended in Dropfical Cafes. ‘The diftilled
water or juice of the Plant put in the Eyes, takes away the rednefs and inflamation of them, as Tracus aflerts
from his own long obfervation and experience. Made into an Ointment with lard and mixed with the yolk of Egg,
it takes away the violent pain arifing from the Piles. i <a
The flowers of this plant are frequently found double with two or more Spurs, and a fingular variety of it which
Linnazus calls Peloria, is faid by Mr. Hupson to grow about Clapham in Surry, this rare monftrofity we fhall not
fail to figure.
In per ftate, the Toad Flax grows very common on banks by the road fides, which it decorates not a
little by its fingular and beautiful Flowers. It may with the greateft eafe be cultivated in Gardens, and raifed either
from Seeds or Roots; the Seed is ripe at the latter end of September.
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CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, laciniis o-
DicirALis PuRPUREA - Fox-GLOVE
DIGITALIS Linne: Gen Pl. DipyNaMia ye Oe une
Cal. §-partitus. Cor. campanulata Aden BEES Caps. ovata bilocularis.
Raii Sym. Gen. 18. HERB FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO.
DIGITALIS furpurea calycinis foliolis ovatis acutis, corollis ET : labio fuperiore integro. , Linn. Syf..
Vigeial. 570. Sp. PL p. 866.
DIGITALIS folis calycinis ovatis, galea fimplici. Haller. bif. b. 143. s. 430.
DIGITALIS purpurea. Scopoli FI. Carniol. b. 447. s. 780.
DIGITALIS furpurea folio afpero. p. 243.
DIGITALIS purpurea. Gerard. emac. 490.
‘DIGITALIS purpurea vulgaris. Parkinfon 1653. Rati Syn. p.* 283. Purple Fox-glove. Hudfon Fi,
Angl. b. 240. O0der FI. Dan Icon. 774.
RADIX biennis, fibrofa.
CAULIS tripedalis ad orgyalem, fimplex, erectus, fo-
liofus, teres, pubefcens.
FOLIA ovato-acuta, ferrata, venofa, fubtus albida, pu-
befcentia; PETIOLI breves, alati.
ROOT biennial and fibrous.
STALK from three to fix feet high, fimple, upright,
leafy, round, and pubefcent or downy. |
LEAVES ofa painted oval fhape, ferrated, veiny, under-
neath whitifhand pubefcent; the Foo r-srArxs
fhort and winged.
FLOWERS growing in a {pike, pendulous, laying one
over another all one way.
PEDUNCLES fuftaining one flower, pubefcent, thick-
| eft at top, after the flower drops off, becoming
nearly upright.
CALYX: a Periantuivum divided into five fegments,
which are ofan oval pointed fhape, and nervous,
the uppermoft narrower than the reft, fg. 1.
COROLLA monopetalous, fomewhat bell-fhaped, pur-
ple, and marked in the infide with little eyes;
the rvBE large, fpreading, bulging out back-
wards; the bafe cylindrical, and as if it had
been tyed with a ligature ; the riw {mall and
quadrifid, the upper fegment entire and as if
cut off, the lower fegment larger and bent in.
STAMINA : four FiLAMENTS inferted into the bottom
ofthe Corolla, white, a little broadeft at top,
crooked at bottom, two long and two fhort ;
ANTHERJZ at firft large, turgid, oval, touch-
ing at bottom, of a yellowifh colour and often
{potted ; laftly changing both their form and
fituation in a fingular manner, fig. 2, 2, 4.
PISTILLUM : GERMEN rather conical, of a yellow
green colour; STYLE fimple; Sriema bifid,
JE BAe 7.
NECTARY a Granp furrounding the bottom of the
Germen, fig. 8. \
SEED-VESSEL: a pointed oval CAPsurE, of two ca-
vities and two valves, the lowermoft valve
{plitting in two, fig. 9.
SEEDS numerous, blackifh, fmall, as if cut off at
each end, fig. ro.
FLORES fpicati, nutantes, imbricati, fecundi,
PEDUNCULI uniflori, pubefcentes, apice incraffati,
peracta florefcentia fuberedi.
vato-acuminatis, nervofis, fupremà anguftiore,
jig. 1.
COROLLA monopetala, fubcampanulata, purpurea,
interne ocellata ;. ruBus magnus, patens, deor-
fum ventricofus, bafi cylindracea, arta; LIMBUS
parvus, quadrifidus, lacinià fuperiore integra,
quafi truncata, inferiore majore, inflexa.
STAMINA: FiraMENTA quatuor bafi Corolle inferta,
alba, apice paululum latiora, bati infra&ta, quo-
rum duolongiora; ANTHER primum magne,
turgida, ovate, bafi coadunate, lutefcentes, et
Ízepe maculate ; demum et forma et fiti mire
mutantur, fig. 2, 3, 4.
PISTILLUM : Germen fubconicum, luteo-virens ;
Srvrus fimplex; Stricma bifidum, fig. c,
Gy Fe
NECTARIUM Granpvuia bafin Germinis cingens,
jig. 9.
PERICARPIUM: CarsuLA ovato-acuminata, bilocu-
laris, bivalvis, valvulà inferiore findente, fig. o.
‘ pa
SEMINA plurima, nigricantia, parva, utraque extremitate
truncata, jig. 10.
“REA A 4 AAA AX ALE ALE EA LEAL MERE AEA LEIA KALA LEAR ALE RES EA ERAER EEA EA DALE ARIA HARI ERIE LIAR 44644 EAL ARA
Was it not that we are too apt to treat with neglect the beautiful plants of our own country, merely becaufe
they are common and eafily obtained, the ftately and elegant Fox-glove would much oftener be the pride of our
gardens than it is at prefent; for it is not only peculiarly ftriking at a diftance, but its flowers and their feveral parts
become beautiful in proportion to the nearnefs of our view: How fingularly and how regularly do the bloffoms hang
one-over another ! How delicate are the little fpots which ornament the infide of the flower! and like the wings of
fome of our {mall Butterflies {mile at every attempt of the Painter to do them juftice: how pleafing is it to behold
the neftling Bee hide itfelf in its pendulous blofloms ! while extra&üng its fweets which furnith our tables with honey,
and our manufacturers with wax: nor are the more interior parts of the flower lefs worthy of our admiration,
or lefs adapted to the improvement of the young Botanift: here all the parts of the fruétification being large, he will
readily obtain a diftinct idea of them; but more particularly of the form of the Antherz, and the alteration which
takes place in them, previous to and after the difcharge of the Pollen. vid. fig. 3, 4.
The flowers of this plant are in general of a fine purple colour, and like all other purple flowers are liable to varia-
tions; fometimes we find the bloffoms of a milk white or cream colour, and fome other varieties of it are mentioned
by Ray, but the white is the moftcommon. Such as would with to cultivate it, may raifeit either from feed, which
is very {mall for the fize of the plant, or from young plants. It grows naturally in a dry and gravelly foil, and in fuch
fituations is common enough over moft parts of England ; about Charlton-Wood it is very plentiful, and flowers in
July and Auguft. |
According to the teftimony of many writers, the juice or decotion of this plant taken inwardly, a&s as an emetic
and purgative, and that too with confiderable violence; hence Mr. Ray very properly advifes it to be given to fuch
only as have robuft conftitutions. Parkinson affirms that it 1s very efficacious in the cure of the Epilepfy ; but he
unites with it in his prefcription Polypody of the Oak, fo that there is no knowing to which of the plants the merit of
curing this ftubborn difeafe is due. | ^
The flowers or herb either bruifed or made into an ointment, are ftrongly recommended in Schrophulous tumours and
ulcers ; and fo great an opinion have the Italians of its virtues as a vulnerary, that they have the following proverb
concerning it. ** dralda tutte le piaghe falda." Tox gov DING all wounds. Raw Hi. Plant. Pol
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Dnansa VERNA. VERNAL Dnasa on Wurrtow Grass.
DRABA .Limuei Gen. Pl. 'TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA:
Rau Synop. Gen. 21. HERB TETRAPETALE SILIQUOSH ET SILICULOSE.
DRABA verza ícapis nudis, folus fubferratis. Linnei Syfl. Vegetab. p. 489. Flor. Suec. p. 228: |
DRABA cauliculis nudis, ane fubhirfutis, fubdentatis. Haller. bifl. belv. 1. 215.
BURSA PASTORIS minor loculo oblongo. Bauhin. pin. 108. 2. 3 | |
PARONYCHIA vulgaris. Gerard emac. 624. Rai Syn. 292: Hudfon Fl. Angl. 243. Scopo Flor: Carniol. n. 79%.
RADIX fibrofa, annua. | ¥ ROOT fibrous and annual.
STALKS naked, about ee inches high, one to five
and frequently more, if the foil be rich, {pring
from the fame root.
CAULES nudi, palmares, 1 ads aut plures in folo
fertili ex eadem radice nafcuntur.
LEAVES ofan oval pointed fhape, narrower at bottom,
fome of them entire, and othersa little ferrated,
or indented, (feldom more than one or two in-
dentations in a leaf,) {preading on the ground,
roughifh, hirfute, fome of the hairs bifurcate,
others trifurcate.
FOLIA ovato-lanceolata, bafi anguftiora integra et
fubferrata, (ferra nifi unica aut duo, raro plures)
fuper terram expanía, fcabriufcula, hirfuta, pili
bi-trifurci.
PEDUNCULI alterni, uniflori. EDUNCLES alternate, uniflorous.
(OVE ze!
ALYX: a PrEriantuium of four leaves, which are
upright, hollow, gibbous, obtufe, and fome-
what hairy, jig. 1.
CALYX: PERIANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliohs eres,
concavis, gibbis, obtufis, fubhirfutis. frg. 1.
COROLLA tetrapetalous, the PETALs white, twice
COROLLA tetrapetala, petalaalba, calyce duplo longi-
the length of the Calyx, and bipartite, fig. 2.
ora, bipartita. fig. 2.
STAMINA: fix Firaments which bend inward, 4
long the height of the Piftillum, and 2 fhort ;
the ANTHERE yellow, fig. 3. 4.
STAMINA: FrirAMENTA fex incurvata, quorum 4
longitudine Pifüll 2 breviora; ANTHERE
flava. jig. 3. 4.
PISTILLUM : ‘The Germewn ovaland flat; SrvrEe
PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovatum, compreffum ; Srvrvs
{carce any; ST1GMA a {mall head flat at top.
vix ullus; SrigMa capitatum, planum. fig. 5.
SEED-VESSEL a fhort oval pod, flat, and terminated
by a fhort blunt point, having two Cavities and
two Valves, the Valves flightly concave, jie. 6.
PERICARPIUM: fSir1cuLa ovata, compreffa, brevi
mucrone obtuto terminata, bilocularis, bivalvis,
valvulis plano-concavis: fig. 6.
SEEDS feveral, oval, brown, fixed to the edge of the
SEMINA plura, ovata, fufca, margini DissEPIMENTI f
DissEPIMENT or Partition, fig. 8. 9.
affixa. fig. 8. 9.
4639 GFO MEAE XS M OR 4400-44 9-409-606-0960 4:46 9346 99-444 4:03 414944 LEDS CED
ON Walls, dry Banks, and in barren Fields, the white blofloms of this diminutive plant, are very conípicuous
in the months of March and April a feafon when any kind of bloflom is viewed with pleafure, as it cannot
fail to excite the pleafing reflection that the feafon is approaching when
<< All that is fweet to fmell, all that can charm
Or eye or ear, burfis forth on every fide
And crouds upon the fenfes.”
Linneus informs us that in Smoland a Province of Sweden, they fow their Rye when this plant is in
bloffom, and that in the night time and in wet weather its flowers droop.
Galen fays that Paronychia or Whitlow Grafs has its name from its properties, for it heals Whitiows; but
Commentators are much in doubt concerning the plant itfelf. From the account of the Antients, it appears
that it is a different plant from what we are now defcribing; fome have fixed on Wall Rue, (AsPLENIUM
Ruta muraria,) others on a plant refembling Spurge, fuch is the confufion that arifes from imperfect defcriptions.
p.
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THLASPI Linnei Gen. Pl. 'TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
:
Silicula emarginata, obcordata, polyfperma: valvulis navicularibus, margi-
nato-carinatis.
a
Rau Sym. Gen 21.
HERB TETRAPETALJE SILIQUOSH ET SILICULOSA.
THLASPI Burfa paftoris filiculis obcordatis, foliis radicalibus pinnatifidis. Lannaez Sy. Vegetad. p. 491.
Spee. Pl. 903. Fi. Suecic. 227.
NASTURTIUM fiiquis triangularibus, Haller 5/f. v. 1. f. 221
PASTORIA BURSA Fufchii icon. 611.
BURSA PASTORIS major folio finuato. Baubin Pin. 108.
Rai Syn. 306.
er TT TTT
. RADIX annua, fibrofa, albida.
CAULIS pedalis, ere&us, ramofus, teres, fubafper.
FOLIA radicalia hirfutula, pinnatifida, laciniis. quoad
formam mire variantibus, cau/ina amplexicaulia,
dentata.
PEDUNCULI uniflori, demum fere horizontales.
CALYX: PrnrANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis,
concavis, fubpilofis, margine membranaceis,
fig. 1.
COROLLA : PETALA quatuoralba, calyce paulo lon-
giora, apice rotundata, fe. 2.
STAMINA : FUA fex, alba, quorum quatuor
longitudine Styli, duo breviora incurvata; AN-
THERE flayz, jig. 3.
PISTILLUM : Germewn oblongo-cordatum ; SrYrvs
brevifümus ; Sticma villofum, jig. 4.
PERICARPIUM: SiLrcvLA levis, obcordata, bivalvis,
SR: 5 P^
SEMINA plurima, pedicellata, flavefcentia, margini
Diffepimenti affixa, fg. 6.
>
DISSEPIMENTUM utrinque acutum Valvis contrari-
Witte ‘
Gerard emac. 276. Parkinfoni Theat. 866.
Hudfon, Fl. Angl.. 247. Scopoli. FI. Carmiol. v. 2. 17.
¥ ROOT annual, fibrous and whitith.
STALK about a foot high, upright, branched, round,
a little prickly.
LEAVES : radical leaves flightly hirfute, pinnatifid,
the laciniz or jags varying exceedingly in
their form; the upper leaves embracing the
ftalk, and indented at the edges.
; PEDUNCLES, fupporting one flower on each, nearly
horizontal when the flowers are gone off.
X: a Perranruium of four leaves, the leaves
oval, hollow, flightly hairy, and membranous
at the edges, fig. 1.
e
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‘COROLLA: four white PETArs, a little longer than
the Calyx, round at top, fig. 2.
STAMINA: fix white Firaments, four of which
are of the fame length as the Style; two
are fhorter and bent a little inwards: Aw-
THERJ yellow, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM :Germen of an oblong heart-fhap e;StyLe
very fhort ; Stigma villous, fig. 4.
SEED-VESSEL; a íhort fmooth pod, triangular or
beart-fhabed, with two valves, fig. 6.
SEEDS numerous, of a yellowifh colour, ftanding on
little foot-ftalks, which conne&s them to the
edge of the Diflepimentum or Partition, fig. 6.
PARTITION pointed at both ends, placed crofs-ways
to the Valves,
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THE radical leaves of this plant differ fo exceedingly in their appearance, that the moft expert Botanift is
often obliged to have recourfe to its moft ftriking chara&ter, the fhape of its Seed-veflels, before he can with
certainty diftinguifh it. When it grows on walls and in dry fituations, the leaves are more déeply divided, and
the Lacinie become much narrower; in cultivated ground they are broader and lefs jagged: It differs likewife
no lefs with repe& to its fize, fometimes being not more than two or three inches high, and at other times
as many feet. ,
March and April are the months in which it is found moft generally in bloflom, yet like the Groundj/el and
Poa annua, it may be found in this ftate at almoft any time of the year,
It acquires its name of Sbephberd's Pouch or Purfe, from the particular fhape of its pods, by which it is ob-
vioufly diftinguifhed from all our other Tetradynamous plants..
The plant is collected and given to {mall birds, who appear to be very fond of the feeds, and this is the
only ufe to which we at preíent know of its being applied, |
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Grerantum cicurarium. Hemiocx-Leav’D Crane's BILL.
GERANIUM Linnei Gen. Pl. MowADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
Monogyna. Stigmata-quinque. Fructus roftratus, pentacoccus.
Raii Synop. WERBR PENTAPETALJE VASCULIFERE.
GERANIUM cicutarium pedunculis multifloris, oribus pentandris, foliis pinnatis incifis obtufis, caule ramofo:
Lime: Syft. Vegetab. p. go. Fl. Suecic. f. 243.
GERANIUM. petiolis multifloris, caule procumbente, WR duplicato-pinnatis, pinnulis acute incifis;
Haller bif. No. 944.
GERANIUM cicutz folio minus, et fupinum. Baubin pin. 319.
GERANIUM cicutz folio inodorum album. Gerard emac. 945. 946:
GERANIUM mofchatum inodorum. Parkinfon 1708. Ras Syn. 357: Field Crane’s-bill without {cents
Hudfon Fl. Angl. 262.
RADIX annua, albida, fimplex, carne tenera, cum
nervo intus duriore et tenaciore, paucis fibris
inftru&a, craffiufcula, et in terram alte def-
cendens.
CAULES ex eadem radice nafcuntur plures, craffiuf-
culi, teretes, hirfuti, procumbentes, ramof,
varie longitudinis pro ratione loci.
FOLIA pinnata, pinnis feffilibus pubefcentibus, pinnulis
acute incifis.
STIPUL ad exortum foliorum membranacez, albidze;
ovato-acutz, fuperiore integra, ffg. 1; inferiore
in duas divife, fig. 2.
PEDUNCULI axillares, alterni, hirfuti, multiflori, lon-
tudine foliorum.
ROOT annual, whitifh, fimple, tender, the ftring or
nerve in the middle of it hard and tough, ©
furnifhed with few fibres, large for the fize
of the plant, and penetrating deep into the earth.
STALKS: feveral ufually {pring fromthe fameroot, thick-
ifh,round, hirfute, procumbent and branched, of
various lengthsaccording totheir place of growth.
LEAVES pinnated, the pinna feffile and flightly hairy;
the pinnule fharply indented.
STIPUL at the bafe of the leaves membranous, whitifh,
acutely oval, the uppermoft intire, fiy. 15. the
lowermoft generally divided into two, fig. 2.
FOOT-STALKS of the flowers fpringing from the
bafe of the leaves, alternate, hirfute, the length
of the leaves, and fupporting many flowers.
FLOWERS growing in an Umbell, from three to fix,
of a rofe-colour.
INVOLUCRUM membranous, with many teeth, fig. 25
the imall foot-ftalks of the flowers thickeft at
_ bottom, turning down, andlafily turning upward.
CALYX: a Perrantuivum of five leaves, the folioli oval,
ftriated, hirfute, concave, and terminating in
a fine point, jig. 4.
COROLLA : five Petats, fomewhat oval, flat, nearly
equal, of a rofe colour, hairy at bottom, fome-
what longer than the Calyx, jig. 5.
STAMINA : ten Firaments, five of which want the
Anthere, the AwTHERX of a deep purple
colour, jig. 6.
NECTARIA : five brown Glands placed round the bafe
of the Stamina, fig. 9.
PISTILLUM: GERMEN quinquangularand villous, Sr yr
tapering and grooved; STIGMATA five, of a
purple colour, bending a little back, fig. 10, 11.
SEED-VESSEL none; Fruit as yet unripe, formed.
of five protuberating feeds, and terminating in
a long beak.
SEED oblong, fmooth, brown, inclofed within an A-
RILLUS fig. 14, which is hirfute, and furnifhed
with along hairy Arista, finally becoming
fpiral, fig. 12, 13.
We have often had occafion to remark the very great difference in the appearance of plants arifing from foil
and fituation; of this the young Botanift cannot be too well apprifed, nor too often informed: from a want of
attention to this circumftance, the plant which we have now defcribed, has been divided by different Authors
into feveral fpecies.
It feems worthy of notice, that the alterations which are produced in plants from growing in a richer foil,
are chiefly thofe of encreafe of fize, and a multiplication of their parts; the minutie of the fructification fuffer
but little change in their form by culture, hence they are often moftto be depended on, even in afcertaining
different fpecies.
When the Geranium Cicularium grows on a dry fandy bank, or wall, as it very frequently does, it is quite
diminutive; when it occurs in a moifter and more luxuriant foil, the branches extend often a foot or two in
length, and the whole plant becomes fo altered in its general appearance, as readily to deceive the inexperienc'd
Tyro; but the long pointed fruit which occurs in both, and from whence this plant has obtained the name
of Cranes-bill, readily points them out tobe the fame. :
The feeds of the Geraniums are, in general, enclofed within a membranous Arillus, which terminates in an Aria or
Tail, of different lengths in different fpecies ; in fome of them, when the feeds are become ripe, they detach themfelves
from the receptacle, to which they are affixed, with confiderable elafticity, and the feeds being loofely contained with-
in the Aril/lus are thrown out to a confiderable diftance. In the prefent fpecies, the feeds are more clofely invefted
by the Arillus, which does not feparate itfelf with fo much force, and as foon as detached, the Arsffa begins to be
twifted up in a fpiral form. "This may be very diftin&ly obferved if we feparate a feed, with its 4ri/lus, as foon as ripe,
and place it in the palm of the hand, the tail of the 4r7//us immediately appears in motion, as if endued with fome fen-
fitive property, and continues uninterruptedly this motion, ’till it has aflumed the form of a fcrew, vid. fig. 13. The
feed thus furnithed with its twifted Arifia, is more liable to attach itfelf to any thing which may come in contact with
it, by which means this plant is more univerfally difleminated.
The Geranium mofchatum has a great affinity with this fpecies, that plant however has a ftrong {mell of mufk,
which this entirely wants; and has alfo many other peculiarities, which we fhall not fail to particularize when
. ait comes to bé treated of.
FLORES umbellati, rofei, a tribus ad fex.
INVOLUCRUM membranaceum, multidentatum, jig.
3; PEDrcELLI baficrafliores, deflexi et demum
affurgentes.
CALYX: PzenrANTHIUM pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis,
| ftriatis, hirfutis, concavis, mucronatis, fig. 4.
COROLLA: PzrTALA quinque, fubovata, plana, fube-
qualia, rofea, bafi hirfuta, calyce longiora,
STAMINA : St ebnaners decem, quorum quinque
alterna Antheris carentfig. 7: Aw THERE fatu-
rate purpurafcentes, fig. 6.
NECTARIA : G/sndule quinque fufcae circa bafin ftami-
num locantur. fig. 9.
PISTILLUM: GznMEN quinquangulare, villofum ;
STYLvs fubulatus, fulcatus ; STigMATA quin-
que purpurafcentia, paululum reflexa, fig. 10, 11.
PERICARPIUM nullum; Fructus pentacoccus, rof-
tratus.
SEMEN oblongum, leve, fufcum, arillatum, fe. 14,
ARILLA hirfuta ; Arista przlonga pilofa in-
ftructa que demum fpirahs evadit, fig. 12, 13.
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GERANIUM
Stigmata quinque.
Raii Syn. 335. UERBH PENTAPETALJE VASCULIFERJE.
GERANIUM
515. Fl. Sueci. 241. s. 619.
GERANIUM
bif. n. 943.
foliis duplicato pinnatis, pinnis ultimis confluentibus, calycibus ftriatis, hirfutis.
Linnei Gen. PL: MowApDELPHIA DECANDRIA.
Fruétus roftratus, pentacoccus.
^
robertianum pedunculis bifloris, calycibus pilofis decemangulatis. Linnei Syf. Vegetab. p.
Haller
robertianum. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. m. 845. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 264.
GERANIUM
GERANIUM rolertianum primum. Bauhin. Pin. 419.
GERANIUM robertianum. Gerard. emac. 939.
GERANIUM .roberüiamum vulgare. Parkinfon 710. Rai Sym. $. 358.
RADIX annua, fufca, fibris ramofis przlongis inftructa.
CAULES plures, diffufi, ramofi, fanguinei ut ut tota
planta haud infrequenter, geniculis tumidis,
pilofi, praefertim in junioribus plantis.
FOLIA oppofita, pilofa, pracipue in umbrofis, unum-
quodque folium e tribus foliolis pinnatifidis bafi
confluentibus componitur, foliolo medio longius
pedicellato, lacini fpinula rubra terminatis.
STIPUL ad fingulum geniculum quatuor, utrinque
binae.
PEDUNCULI biflori.
CALYX: PrenrANTHIUM decemangulatum, perfiftens,
foholis ovato-lanceolatis, nervofis, hirfutis,
mucronatis, fig. I, 2.
COROLLA: PgrALA quinque rofea, patentia, zqua-
lia, lamina fubcordata, unguis linearis, medio
prominulo fulcato in tres nervos albidos divari-
cante. fig. 3.
STAMINA: FILAMENTA decem fertilia, . fubulata,
plana, alba, bafi cohzrentia; ANTHER# pur-
purafcentes, polline flavo replete, fig. 4, auct 5.
ISTILLUM : Germew quinquangulare ; Srvrvs fubu-
latus, villofus; SvTiGMATA quinque, rubra,
aululum reflexa, fig. 6.
SEMINA quinque Arillata, lavia, ovata, fufca ad unum
latus comprefla, fiy. 9; ARILLUS rugofus,
ROOT annual, brown, furnifhed with long branched
fibres.
STALKS feveral, fpreading, branched, of a blood-red
colour, as is frequently the whole plant, (the
joints tumid,) hairy, particularly inthe young
lants.
LEAVES oppofite, hairy efpecially when growing in
the fhade, each compofed of three pinnatifid
leaves, uniting at the bafe, the middle leaf
ftanding on the longeft foot-ftalk, the laciniz
or jags of the leaf terminated by a {mall red
fpine.
STIPULZE four at each joint, two on each fide of it.
PEDUNCLES biflorous.
CALYX: a Pzn1ANTHIUM having ten angles, and con-
tinuing, the leaves ovato-lanceolate, nervous,
hairy, terminating in a point, fig. I, 2.
COROLLA: five rofe-coloured PET Ars, fpreading and
equal, the lamina fomewhat heart-fhaped, the
claw linear, the middle part of it prominent,
grooved, and fpreading into three whitifh nerves.
STAMINA: ten fertile FiLAMENTS, tapering, flat,
' white, connected at bottom; ANTHER# pur-
plith, filled with a yellow Pollen, fig. 4, mag-
nified, fig. 5.
PISTILLUM: Germew having five angles; Srvrg
tapering, villous; Stigmata five, red, a little
turned back, fie. 6,
SEEDS five, contained within an Arillus; fmooth, oval,
brown, flattened on one fide,
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RILLUS wrinkled, fig. 7, 8.
Although our Englifh Geraniums cannot boaft that grandeur and variety of fplendid colours fo confpicuous
in many of the foreign ones, yet feveral of them are fufficiently beautiful to be entitled to a place in the.
gardens of the curious, particularly the Bloody Cranes-bill, (Geranium Sanguineum ;) the Crowfoot Cranes-bill, (Ge-
ramum Pratenfe;) the Perennial Doves-foot Cranes-bill, (Geranium Perenne of Hudfon,) and the Herb Robert which we
have now defcribed* the latter of thefe grows naturally in woods, but more particularly under the hedges which fur-
round woods; it likewife is frequently found in old hollow trees, and not uncommonly on the roofs of houfes not
much expofed to the fun: it is an annual plant; the feeds fow themfelvesin Autumn, foon after the young plants
come up; flower the enfuing fpring, and continue to bloffom the whole Summer long, if the plant grows in the
fhade : towards the latter end of the year, both ftalks and leaves become of a deep red or blood colour.
The whole plant has a difagreeable fmell when bruifed, by which it will be diftinguifhed from our other fpecies.
It appears to grow all over Europe, and as a proof of its being fill more univerfal, Linn vs mentions its growing in
Arabia felix.
A variety with a white flower now and then ocurrs.
If credit may be given to writers on the Maseria Medica, itis a plant of confiderable efficacy in medicine, particu-
larly as an Aftringent, hence it is recommended in all kinds of Hemorrhages; and thofe who have the management
of cattle, are faid to give them an infufion of this plant when they make bloody urine.—Háas not this practice originated
from the doctrine of fignatures? It 1s alfo celebrated as a vulnerary in fchrophulous, cancerous and putrid Ulcers,
to which either the juice is applied, or the parts fomented with a deco€tion of the herb; as likewife in Contufions,
diffolving the extravafated blood when applied in the form of a Cataplafin ; and laftly it is faid to be exhibited with
‘ood fuccefs in the Stone and Gravel.—How far it merits thefe encomiums future experiments muft determine.
The herb bruifed and applied to places infefted with Bugs, is faid by Linnaus to drive them away..
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OROBUS Linnei Gen. P]. DiApELPHIA DECANDRIA.
Rai Synop. Gen. 23. HERBE FLORE PAPILIONACEO, SEU LEGUMINOSA.
OROBUS tubero/us folis pinnatis, lanceolatis ; ftipulis femifagittatis integerrimis, caule fimplici, Lin. Syf.
Vegetab. b. 550. Fl, Suecic. m. 642.
OROBUS caule fimplici; folus fenis ellipticis; radice tuberofa. Haller. bif. te 417.
ASTRAGALUS fylvaticus, foliis oblongis glabris.
LATHYRUS fylveftris lignofior. Parkinfon, 1072.
Baubin. pin. 351. Gerard. emac. 1237.
Rau Synop: b. 324. Wood-Peafe, or Heath-Peafe. Hud-
Jon, FI. Angl. b. 274. Scopoli. Fl. Carn. n. 883.
RADIX perennis, tuberofa.
CAULIS fimplex, erectus, pedalis, alatus, fubtortuofus.
FOLIA pinnata, Crrruo brevi recto terminata, Pin-
narum paria duo, tria, elliptica, mucronata,
glabra fubtus czrulefcentia.
SIIPULZ/E femifagittate, faepe integra, fzepius vero ad
bafin hamatz, dente unico aut pluribus.
RAMI florigeri, 1, 2, 3, aut plures ex foliorum alis, pri-
mum nutantes, FLores pulchelli, ex rubro
purpurei, demum carulefcentes.
CALYX PznraNTHIUM monophyllum, tubulatum,
purpureum, bafi obtufum ; ore quinquedentato,
denticulis tribus inferioribus acutioribus, duobus
fuperioribus brevioribus, obtufe divifis, fubaí-
furgentibus, fig. 1.
COROLLA Papilionacea: VEXILLUM obcordatum, re-
flexum, fig. 2. Ar;E conniventes, Carina con-
nexa, Unguis linearis, fig. 5. Lamuna obtufa.
CARINA, fig. 7, acuminata, affurgens, margi-
nibus cavis ad Alas recipiendas, fig. 9.
STAMINA: FiLAMENTA diadelphia (fimplex et novem
fidum) adícendentia, fig. 11, 17. ANTHERE
flavae, fg. 12. ad bafin filamenti fimplicis et
fuperioris, foramina duo obfervantur, jig. 16.
PISTILLUM: GzzwEN cylindraceum, compreffum,
SrvrLvs filiformis, erectus, lateri interiori prope
apicem villofus, jig. 13.
PERICARPIUM Lecumey teres, longum, primum ru-
brum, demum nigrum, jig. 14.
SEMINA plura, fubrotunda, e luteo-fufca, fig. 1 5.
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STALK fimple, upright, about a foot high, winged and
fomewhat twifted.
LEAVES pinnated, terminated by a fhort ftrait Crrruus
confifting of two or three pair of Pinnz which
are elliptical, and end in a fmall fharp point,
Ímooth and underneath blueifh.
STIPULAE femifagittate, frequently entire but more
often jagged at bottom, with one er feveral
teeth.
BRANCHES which fuftain the flowers 1, 2, 3, or
more, fpringing from the bofom of the leaves,
at firft drooping the Flowers beautiful, ofa
reddifh purple colour, becoming blue as they
go off.
CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, tubular, pur-
ple, blunt at bottom, the mouth quinquedentate,
the three lowermoft teeth fharpeft, the two
uppermoft fhorteft, bluntly divided, and turned
a little upwards, fig 1.
COROLLA Papilionaceous: the VEx1LLuM heart-fhaped,
turning back, fig. 2. the Wines connivent
and connected with the Carina, the Claw linear,
Jig. §. the Lamina obtufe, fe. 6. the CARINA
or Keel acuminate, rifing upward, the edges
hollow for the reception of the Alz or Wings,
SS. 9. :
STAMINA: ten FILAMENTS, nine united into one
body below, and one feparate at top, fig. 11,
17. nfing upward, ANTHERZ yellow, fig. 12.
at the bafe of the fimple and uppermoft filament
two fmall holes are confpicuous, fig. 16.
PISTILLUM: GeznwrN cylindrical, and flattifh, Srvyr.e
thread-fhaped, interiorly near the tip villous,
Jig. 13.
EED-VESSEL, a LecuMEn round, and long, firft red,
when ripe black, jig. 14.
EEDS feveral, roundifh, of a yellowifh brown colour,
fg. 15.
uo Un
This elegant fpecies of Orobus grows very-plentifully in all our Woods about Town ; it feems to delight in a
ftrong clayey foil. It produces its blofloms in May and. June and the feed is ripe in July. The root is large and
‘tuberous, deeply fituated in the Earth and taken up with difficulty; it is not made any particular ufe of with us,
but is confiderably efteemed 1n fome parts of Great Britain:
My very worthy and ingenious Friend the Rev. Mr. Lightfoot, of Uxbridge, has favoured me with the following
account of its ufes, which he obferved in his late tour through Scotland : |
“© The Orobus tuberofus is very common in Scotland, both inthe Lowlands, Highlands, and the Hebrides. It is called
in the Erfe Language Cor-meille.
favourite Indulgence."
The Highlanders dig up the Roots and dry them in their pockets, and chew
them like Tobacco or Liquorice Root, to relifh their Liquor, and to repel Hunger and Thirft. In Breadalbane
and Rofijfbire they fometimes fteep them in Water, and make an agreeable fermented Liquor with them, which
they efteem to be good for Diforders of the Thorax. It has a fweetifh Tafte fomewhat like Liquorice Roots. Fond
as the Highlanders were of this Root they frequently ufed to change it with me for fome Pig-tail Tobacco, their
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Ervum uirsurum. Roucu-poppep “Tine. Tare.
ERVUM Linnei Gen. Pl. Diavereura Decanprra. Calyx quinquepartitus, longitudine corolla,
Raii Gen. 23. HERBH FLORE PAPIBIONACHO SEU LEGUMINOSE.
| ERVUM Airfuium, pedunculis multifloris, feminibus globofis binis. Linn. Sy. Vegelab. b. 584. Specs Plant.
1039. Fi. Suecic. 255.
VICIA folis linearibus, filiquis racemofis, difpermis, hirfutis. Haller bif. belv. m 422
ERVUM .Airfutum. Scopoli Fl. Carniol n. got. Hudfon FI. Angl. f 280.
VICIA fegetum cum filiquis plurimis hirfutis. Baubim. Pim f. 345.
VICIA fylveftris feu Cracca minima. Gerard. emac. 1028.
ARACHUS five Cracca minor. Parkinfon 1070. Ra Sym. {mall wild Tare or Tine Tate: Muller. Flors
Dan. icon. 639.
ROOT annual, lender, long, aiid futnithed with few
fibres.
STALKS from one to two feet high, weak, branche
ed, quadrarigular and twifted. |
STIPULZ divided into many (lender laciriiee; of which
- the uppermoft is the largeft. |
LEAVES pinnated, from eight to twelve pair, oppo
fite, or nearly alternate, {mooth, lanceolate,
with the top cut of, and the midrib running
out to a foort point, terminated by a branch:
. ed tendril.
PEDUNCLES the length of the leaves, and füpport-
ing many flowers. ! |
FLOWERS from three to eight, of a pale purple
colour, difpofed in racemi, and laying one o-
ver another. "M e
CALYX: a PrgnriANTHiUM with five teeth, continu-
ing, almoft the length of the Corolla, the
teeth linear, and pointed, nearly equal, the -
two upper ones obtufely divided in the man-
ner of the Orobus, fg. I.
COROLLA papilionaceous ; the VEXILLUM roundifb;
fcarcely nicked in, bending a little back, figs
2; the Wines adhering to the Carina, oval,
obtufe, at bottom linear, fie. 3; the CaRINA
fhorter than the Wings, fig. 4, marked inter-
| nally on each fide with a purple fpot.
STAMINA: ten FirAMENTS which rife upward, the
uppermoft connected with, and fhorter than the
| — others, fig. 55 the AN THERE fimple and yellow.
PISTILLUM : Germen oblong, Sryr£ fimple and ris
| fing upward, Sticma blunt and villous, fig. 6.
SEED- VESSEL a fhort Pzry LeGuMEN with two
feasn to
SEEDS two, and roundifh.
RADIX annua, tenuis, przlonga, paucis fibrillis inftructa.
CAULES pedales, aut bipedales, debiles, ramofi, qua-
drangulares, tortuofi.
STIPULAJE in plures lacinias tenues divifee, fuperiore
majore. .
FOLIA pinnata, ad octo aut duodecem paria, oppofita,
aut fubalterna, levia, lanceolata, apice truncata,
nervo medio in mucronem eduécto, capreolo ramofo
terminata,
PEDUNCULI longitudine foliorum, multiflori.
FLORES a tribus ad o&o, pallide purpurei, racema-
tim, et imbricatim difpofiti. .
CALYX: PznrANTHIUM quinquedentatum, perfiftens,
longitudine fere Corolle, dentibus linearibus,
acuminatis, fubzequalibus, duobus füperiorbus
more Orobi obtufe divifis, fig. 1.
COROLLA papilionacea;; Vexirrum fübrotundum,
vix emarginatum, parumreflexum, fig.2; AL
Carine adherentes, ovate, obtufz, ad bafin li-
neares, fig. 3; CARINA alis brevior, fig. 4,
interne macula purpurea utrinque notata.
STAMINA: Firamenta decem affurgentia, fupre-
mum brevior caeteris, nec liberum, fig. 5; AN-
THERJE fimplices, flavae. |
PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, Srvrvs fimplex,
affurgens, Sriema obtufum, villofum, fig. 6.
PERICARPIUM: Lecumen breve, birfutum, di/permum,
| fig. 7
SEMINA duo, fubrotunda,
!
This fpecies of Tine-lare, which at firft fight bears fo great a refemblance to the Ervum tetra/permum, grows
like that, too frequently among Corn, to which it is in general more deftructive, as being a {tronger and more
prolific plant. Ihave in wet feafons feen whole fields of corn overpower'd and wholly deftroyed by this plant.
It is eafily diftinguifhed from the Tetrafpermum ; in the firft place, the leaves are not pointed as in that fpecies,
but appear asif cutoffatthe end, which although a materialcircumítance is not noticed by Murrzm in his figure
ofit, vid. Fl. Dan. icon. 6395 fecondly the Stipulz are divided into many more lacini; the flowers and confequently
the Pods grow in a kind of Clufter, whereas there is feldom more than two grow together in the Tetrafpermum s
and laftly, which feems to be the beft diftin&ion, the Pods are rough and contain two Seeds in each, "while in
the Zetra/permum, they are {mooth and contain four Seeds.
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IURVUM TETRASPERMUM. SMOOTH-PODDED LINE "lang
ERVUM Linei Gen. Pl. DiapELPHIA Docs
Ran Syn. Gen, 23.
HERBA FLORE PAPILIONACEO SEU LEGUMINOSE.
ERVUM ( jetrafpermum ) pedunculis fubbifloris, feminibus globofis quaternis. Linn. Sy. Vegetab. p. 554.
VICIA foliis linearibus, filiquis gemellis glabris. Haller bif. v. 1. p. 184.
ERVUM zerrafbermum. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. Diacn. Pedunculi fubbiflori. Siliqua glabra, obtufa, tetrafperma,
VICIA fegetum fingularibus filiquis glabris, Bauhin Pin. p. 345.
VICI/E five Cracce minime fpecies cum filiquis glabris. J. Baubin.
CRACCA minor filiquis fingularibus, flofculis coerulefcentibus. Hof: C. H. Alt. Rai Sym. $. 322. line-
— 'Tare with fmooth pods.
Hudfon Fl. Angl p. 280.
Oder Fl. Dan. Icon. 95.
RADIX annua, fibrofa.
CAULES in apertis locis lzves, tenues, debiles, inter fege-
tes vero, (ubifzpius invenitur) capreolis erecte
fefe fuftentant, pedales et ultra.
STIPULZE ad bafin foliorum, duo, fimplices, utrinque
acuminate.
FOLIA pinnata, levia, lanceolata-linearia, parium tri-
um ad quinque ufque, capreolo ramofo termi-
nata.
PEDUNCULI longitudine foliorum, plerumque biffori.
CALYX PznrawTHIUM quinguedentatum, perfiftens,
dentibus inzqualibus, acutis, duobus fuperiori-
bus brevioribus, latioribus, furfum tendentibus,
obtufe divifis, jig. 1.
COROLLA papilionacea, fig. 2; VEXILLUM fubemar-
ginatum, limbus reflexus, venis purpureis pictus,
fz -43 Aum albz, conniventes, fig. 5 5 CARINA
als brevior, obtufa, fig. 6.
STAMINA: FiLAMENTA diadelpha (fimplex et novem-
fidum) affurgentia, fig. 7, 8, fupremum liberum,
fig. 9; ANTHERE fimplices.
PISTILLUM: Germen compreflum; Srvrvus affur-
gens; ST1GMA capitatum, villofum, jig. 9.
PERICARPIUM: Lecumen /eve, teretiufculum, #e-
trafpermum, fig. 10. | |
SEMINA fubrotunda, fufcefcentia, nigro marmoreata,
jig 11.
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i ROOT annual and fibrous. |
STALKS in open places are flender and weak, butamong
the Corn, (where this plant is moft commonly
found,) they fupport themfelves upright by
means of their tendrils, and grow to a foot or
more in height.
TIPULA® at the bottom of the leaves, two, fimple, and
pointed at each end.
EAVES pinnated, fmooth, lanceolate and linear, from
three to five pair, terminated by a branched ten-
dril. |
EDUNCLES thelength of the leaves, generally fuftain-
ing two flowers. .
ALYX a PERIANTHIUM having five teeth and continu-
ing, the tecth unequal and pointed, the two
uppermoft fhorteft, broadeft, and turning a little
upwards, at bottom obtufely divided, fig. 1.
COROLLA papilionaceous, fig. 2; the VExiLLvM flight-
ly nicked in at top, the limb fomewhat turned
back and ftreaked with purple. jig, 4; the Ar
white and clofing together, fg. 5 ; the CARINA
fhorter than the Alze and obtufe fis. 6.
STAMINA : Ten FILAMENTS uniting into two bodies, of
which one forms the lowermoft, fig. 7, and
one the uppermoft which is free, fig. 8; An-
THER fimple.
PISTILLUM: Germen flatten'd; Sryne rifing up-
ward; StieMa forming a little head and vil-
lous, jig. 9.
EED-VESSEL: a Lecumen, J/moob, roundifh, and
containing four feeds, fig. 10.
EEDS neariy round, brownifh and mottled with black,
fig. 11. j
ÉÁP ov
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This fpecies of Ervum or Tine-Tare is found in moft Corn-fields, often to the Farmers forrow; as it frequent-
ly proves very injurious to the Corn, laying hold of it by means of its tendrils, and if the feafon favours its
growth quite overcoming it. Like moft plants of this kind it is exceedingly fertile ; on one plant which I cafually
pulled up, I counted 220 pods, and as each pod contains four feeds, there muft have been from a fingle feed the
amazing produce of 880.
At firft fight this fpecies has a confiderable refemblance to the Ervum hirfutum, but the flighteft attention will
difcover the difference ; in the Ervum hirfutum the pods contain only two feeds and are hairy; in the Tetra/permum
they contain four and are fmootb; in the birfutum the flowers grow in a kind of c/ufer, in this fpecies there is feldom
more than ‘wo grow together.
. The figure which I have given is intended to reprefent the plant as it grows among the Corn; when it is
found by itfelf and in a poor foil it is often not lo large. .
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Hypericum. pulchrum. Small upright St. John’s Wort.
HYPERICUM Linuei. Gen. PL. PotyADELPHIA POLYANDRIA,
Raii Syn. Gen. 24. HERB& PENTAPETALJE VASCULIFERJE.
HYPERICUM floribus trigynis; calycibus ferrato-glandulofis, caule tereti, folus perfoliatis glabris.
Linn, Sp. Pl. 1106.
HYPERICUM pulchrum Tragi. y. Baubin. Hifl. MI. 183.
Raii Synob. 342.
HYPERICUM minus, ere&um. | Baubin. Pin. 279.
HYPERICUM foliisamplexicaulibus, cordatis, calycibus ovatis, ferratis, glanduliferis. Haller lift. n. 1041.
Gerard. emac. $40.
Hudfon. Fl. Angl. 290. O0eder. Flor. Dan. Icon. 75.
e i Ó— ———MÓÓ————————————
RADIX perennis.
CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, erectus, eres, fig. t,
glaber, fubramofus, geniculi diftantes.
RAMI oppofiti, breves, tenues, cauli fimiles.
PEDUNCULI teretes, plerumque triflori.
N :
FOLIA Cavzrs cordato-triangularia, glaberrima, amplext-
caulia, faturate viridia, patentia, quam in ce-
teris H ypericis folidiora, verfus marginem per-
forata, inferiora frequenter coccinea; KR AMO-
RUM ovata, caulis triplo minora; PEDuNCU-
LORUM ovato-lanceolata.
CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, LACINIIS
ovatis, acutis, ftriatis, margine ferratis, den-
tibus glanduliferis, glandulis nigro rufis, figs 2.
COROLLA: Perara quinque, oblongo-ovata, flava,
contorta, leviter ftriata, fubtus aurantiaco line-
ata, margine fubferrata, et glandulis cincta,
Jig. 3:
STAMINA: Fit AMENTA triginta fex, filiformia, in
tres fafciculos ad bafin coalita, in fingulo faf-
ciculo duodecim : AN THERE biloculares, fub-
rotunda: PoLLEN m/maceum, fig. 4.
PISTILLUM : GerMeEn ovatum : Sry i tres, longi-
tudine germinis, divaricantes : STIGMATA
parva, fubrotunda, jig. 5.
/
PERICARPIUM : Carsuza fubconica, trilocularis,
fufca, fig. 6, 7.
SEMINA plurima, oblonga, fufca, fig. 8.
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ROOT perennial.
STALK from one to two feet high, upright, round,
fig. 1, Ímooth, and thinly branched, the joints
remote from each other.
BRANCHES oppofite, fhort, flender, and like the
ftalk.
PEDUNCLESround, generally fuftainingthree flowers.
LEAVES of the SrALx zriangularly heart-/haped, finootb,
Jhining, embracing the fialk, nearly horizontal,
of a deep green colour, more folid to the touch
than the other St. John's Worts, perforated
near the edge, and frequently of a bright red
colour towards the bottom; thofe of the
BrancHes oval, three times ímaller than
thofe of the ftalk ; and thofe of the PEpux-
CLES lancet-fhaped.
CALYX: a PznrANTHIUM divided into five Segments,
the SEcMENTs oval, pointed, ftriated, fer-
rated, and edged with little glands of a blackifh
red colour, fig. 2.
COROLLA: five Perats, oblong, oval, yellow,
flightly ftriated ; on the under fide tinged
with a bright orange, flightly ferrated, and
edged with glands, fig. 3.
STAMINA. The Firaments numerous, to thirty-
fix, filiform, uniting at bottom in three Fafci-
culi or Bundles, in each Fafciculus twelve:
the AN THERE roundifh and bilocular, fig. 4;
the PornEN bright fcarlet. |
PISTILLUM: Germen oval: three SrvrEs, the
length of the Germen, fpreading : the Sr16-
MATA {mall and roundifh, fig. 5.
SEED-VESSEL ; a CarsurLEÉ fomewhat conical, ofa
brown colour, with three cavities, fig. 6, 7.
SEEDS numerous, oblong, and brown, fig. 8.
THE antient Botanifts gave this plant the name of Pulchrum from its beauty; and Linnzus has very properly
continued it. Many will, no doubt, think it deferving of a place in their gardens. It 1s fond of a clayey foil,
and woody fituation, and is found in all the woods about town ; as Hornfey Wood, beyond [ington s Oak of Honour
Wood, (as it is generally called,)
Heath. 1t flowers in the month of July,
a little beyond Peckbams Charlton Wood, by Greenwich; likewile on Hounflow-
and continues but a fhort time in bloffom.
Its virtues as a medicine, are probably the fame with the common 3. Fobn’s Worts
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| and the repeated teftimonies of its virtues, entitle it as Dr. Cullen * obferves to farther trials.
| aftringent and bitter, and its effects feem to be chiefly diuretic. From pofleffing properties which havegenerally been
Hypericum PERFORATUM. Commonst. Jouns Worr
HYPERICUM Linnai Gen..P/. PoLyADELPHIA Waite Rin
Raii Synopfis Gen. 24. HERBE PENTAPETALX VASCULIFERX.
HYPERICUM perforatum, foribus trigynis, caule ancipitl, folis obtufis pellucido- puritatis. Linneei Sf
Vegetab. b. 584. Fl. Suecic. n. 680.
HYPERICUM caule terete, alato, ramofiffimo ; foliis ovatis, perforatis. Haller; ey. veh, Be Be 4.
HYPERICUM vulgare Bauhin. Pin. p. 279. Gerard. emac. 540. Parkinfon 572: Raii Synop, 342: Hudfon Fi.
Angl. 290. Scopoli. Fl. Carnial. m 944,
Tota planta glandulis nigris adfperfa. The whole plant is fprinkled over with {mall black glands.
RADIX perennis, lignofa, fufca. ROOT’ perennial, woody, of 4 brown colour:
STALKS feveral for the moft part; fpringing from the
fame root, about two feet high, upright, woody,
Jmootb, round, alternately two edged, fig. 1
much branched.
CAULES plerumque pluresex eadem radice, bipedales,
erecti, fublignof, /eves, teretes, alterne anci-
dites fig. 1, ramofi.
5
RAMI oppofiti, fubere&i, ancipites, BRANCHES oppofite, nearly üpright, two edged.
LEAVES oppofite, feffile, of an oblong oval fhape;
obtufe, having the appearance of being all over
perforated, of a yellówifh green colour, with
feven nerves of ribs, fig. 2
FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, ovato-oblonga, obtufa, per-
forata five pellucido-punctata, . heptanervia ex
luteo-viridia. fig. 2.
PEDUNCULI PEDUNCLES two edged, fupporting many flówers.
PANICLE
ancipites, multiflori.
PANICULA denía. bufhy;
CALYX: PrznrawTHIUM quinquepartitum, ftriatüim, 4 CALYX A PzniAxTHIUM divided intofive. fegiments,
lacinüs /anceolatis, acuminatis, nudis. fig. 36 - and ftriated, the fegments narrow and pointed,
without any glands on them. fig. 3.
COROLLA: petala quinque, flava, ad unum latus cre-
nulata, glandulis nigris ad{perfa. jig. 4.
STAMINA: FILAMENTA plurima, in tria corpora vix
coalita. fg. 5. ANTHERE flavae, biloculares,
loculis fubrotundis, inter quos glandula nigra
ponitur. fig. 6.
PISTILLUM: Germen fubovatum, Sr Yr: tres diva-
ricantes : STIGMATA fimplicia. fig. 7.
PERICARPIUM : CarsuLA fubtrigona fg. 8. trilocu-
laris fig. 9. pallide fuíca.
RECEPTACULUM {feu "Y hatttaus feminum foramine
COROLLA: five PETALS of a yellow colour, notched.
irregularly on one fide, and fprinkled over
with little black glands. fig. 4.
STAMINA: FiLAMENTS numerous, uniting at bottom
in three fcarcely diftinét bodies or fafciculi fig. 2.
ANTHER# yellow and bilocular, each of the
Cavities of a roundifh figure, and between
them is fituated a final black gland, fig. 6.
PISTILLUM: GznMzN fomewhat oval, three SryLzs
which divaricate; the STIGMATA fimple, fig. 7.
SEED-VESSEL: aCaf?surE fomewhat triangular, fig.
8, of a pale brown colour, with three Cavities,
JB. 9:
RECEPTACLE: the Receptacle which is continued
SEMINA plurima, oblonga, fufca. jig. ro. II.
through the Capfule, and connects the Cavities
together, has a triangular hole in it, which is
very obvious ina tranfverfe fe@ion of it before
it 1s ripe,—as the celebrated Stopoli has juftly
obferved. |
SEEDS numerous, oblong, ahd brown, fig. 1o. 11.
triquetro gaudet, quod in pericarpii immaturi
fectione tranfverfa clare diftingui poteft, ut
obfervavit Cl. Scopoli.
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It very often happens, that fome of the minute parts of the Flower, and Seed, afford a more obvious, certain, and
conftant mark of fpecific difference, than any part of the plant befides, and we have a remarkable inftance of the truth
of this obfervation in the plant before us. A little gland, of a black colour, placed on the fummit of the Anthera,
at one view difünguifhes this fpecies, without any farther invefügation: did fuch obvious diftin&ions prevail in all
plants, a knowledge of them might with much eafe be acquired ; and fortunately we fhall find, on examination, fuch
marks more frequently occur than is generally imagined; whenever they do, we fhall not fail to remark them.
‘The apparent perforation of the leaves, from whence this fpecies is named, is not peculiar to it alone.
Although in the prefent practice this officinal plant does not feem to be much regarded, yet its fenfible qualities,
To the tafte it is
| called balfamic, it has been ufed as a vulnerary in external wounds, and internal hemorrhages, for the former purpofe, the
| tops of the plant with the flowers are infufed in oil, and for the latter, an infufion of the plant is made in the man-
ner of Tea. It has hkewife been given in ulcerations of the kidnies, and has even been fuppofed to poflefs virtues
| as a febrifuge- |
_ lthas had the ill fate to be abufed by the fuperftition of the common people in France and Germany, who gather it
| with great ceremony on St. John’s Day, and hang it in their Windows, asa certain charm and defence againft Storms,
| Thunder, and evil Spirits ; miftaking the meaning of fome medical writers, who have fancifully given this plant
the name of Fuga Deemonum becaufe they fuppofed, if given internally, it was a good medicine for maniacal and hypo-
'chondriacal Diforders.
| , The dried plant boiled with Allum dyes Wool of a yellow colour. It grows very common in hedges and fields that
are but feldom tilled, and flowers in Auguft and September.
. *Vid. Dr. Cullen’s Materia Medica p. 206.
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LEONTODON fTursxacum DanvdELIon
LEONTODON Linai Gen. Pl. Syncenesta. Potvcamra /ÉoUALIs.
. Raii Synopfis ed. 3. Gen. 6. HERBA FLORE COMPOSITO, NATURJE PLENO LACTESCENTES;
LEONTODON {Taraxacum calycis {quamis inferne reflexis, foliis runcinatis denticulatis levibus. Linne?
Syft. Vegetab. 5. 596. Sp. Plant 1122. FI. Suecic. 270.
TARAXACUM calycibus glabris, fquamis imis reflexis.. Haller hifi. v. 1. p. 56;
HEDYPNOIS Taraxacum Scopoli Flor. Carn. n. 957.
HEDYPNOIS major Fu/chii.
DENS LEONIS latiore folio Bauhin. Pin. p. 126. Gerard. emac. 290, Parkinfon 780. Raii Syn. ed. jf» 1703
Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 297. Ocder. Fl. Dan. Icon. $74.
RADIX perennis, ~fubfufiformis, lactescens, externe RU perennial, tapering, milky, externally ofa pale
pallide fufca. $ brown colour.
FOLIA laciniato-pinnatifida, plus aut minus profunde y LEAVES more or lefs deeply jagged, each jag or laci-
incifa, laciniis acutis et acute dentatis, plerum- nia pointed, and fharply indented, generally
que levia, nonnunquam vero fubafpera. fmooth, but fometimes a little rough.
SCAPI nudi, fiftulofi, lactefcentes, verfus apicem fub- Y STALKS naked, hollow, milky, towards the top co-
tomentofi, uniflori. vered with a kind of down, fupporting one
flower on each.
CALYX: the common or general Calyx fmooth, glau-
cous, the lowermofi leaves or fquame turning
back, fie. 1.
COROLLA: the flower compounded of a great num-
ber of ComorrurL or leffer flowers, which
are yellow, hermaphrodite and equal; each:
Corollula monopetalous, tubular at bottom, and
flat towards the extremity, the apex truncated -
and quinquedentate. fig. 2.
STAMINA: five FinLAMENTS fmall and very fhort
jig. 3. the AN THER X yellow, uniting ud
forming a cylindrical tube. fig. 4. }
PISTILLUM : Germen oblong, fig. s. Srv the
length of the Conorra, fig. 6. STIGMATA
two, rolling back, jig. 7.
SEED a little crooked, flattith, and fomewhat four
. {quare, ftriated or grooved, at top prickly, of a
pale olive colour, jig. g, 9. the Down or pap-
pus ftanding on a footfalk, fimple, not fea-
! thery, fhorter than the footftalk, fir. 10.
RECEPTACULUM nudum, alveolatum. jig. 11. t RECEPTACLE naked, and full of little holes, jig. 11.
CALYX communis levis, glaucus, /quamis inferioribus
reflexis, fig. 1.
COROLLA compofía, flava, corollulis hermaphroditis,
numerofis, zqualibus. Propria monopetala, li-
gulata, truncata quinquedentata, fig. 2.
STAMINA: FiLAMENTAquinque capillaria, breviffima,
fg. 3. ANTHERJE flave, in tubum cylindraceum
coalite, frg. 4.
PISTILLUM : Germen oblongum, fig. 5, $rvrvs lon-
gitudine corolle, ffr. ó. STIGMATA duo re-
voluta, jig. 7.
SEMEN fubincurvatum, fubcompreflum, fubtetrago-
num, ftriatum, «fice ecbmatum, pallide oliva-
ceum, fig. 8,9. Paveus füpitatus, fimplex,
ftipite brevior, fig. 10
446 X644 4:4 6 644 AEE AEE EAE ALIA 644646 446 44 4646445446414 414 41 46 4454454464445 444
As a medicinal plant the Dandelion is thought to poflefs contiderable virtues, and has been frequently made ufe of
inobftru&ions of the Vifcera, particularly the Jaundice. Some recommend the juice, others a decoction of the whole
plant. It appears to operate chiefly by urine, and from pofieffing this property in a confiderable degree it has acquired
its vulgar name of Pi/s-a-bed. Its other, and more common name, feems to be a corruption of the French term Dent
de Lin. -— 3
As a kind of fallad, this plant is by many prefered to any other, particularly by the inhabitants of Spitalfields,
many of whom being defcended from French families, that forfook their native country for one more favourable to
religious liberty, {till retain the peculiar cuftoms of that people in their diet, &c. They blanch, or whiten it as the
gardeners do endive, and the inferior clafs generally ufe the fimple procefs of laying a tile on it, for whatever excludes
the light from this or any other plant will make it become white, all plants deriving their colours from the fountain
of light, the fun. And it isremarkable, that many plants containing bitter and acrid juices are rendered by this procefs
mild, fweet, and agreeable: who, for inflance, could eat endive, celery, or even lettuce, in their wild uncultivated
{lates ?
The Dandelion grows in the greateft plenty in rich meadows, although it is very common on walls, and in courts
and areas; when growing in a barren {oil or dry fituation the leaves become more narrow and jagged.
It flowers in May, and is the firft plant which covers our meadows with a beautiful yellow coat, a few weeks after-
wards, when it produceth its feed, it changes this for a white one.
Children frequently amufe themfelves with blowing off the feeds, which ftand naked on the receptacle or top of the
ftalk, and the round white heads, formed by the expanfion of their pappus or down, they call’clocks.
The young botanift generally finds fome difficulty in acquiring a clear idea of the ftru&ture of thefe compound
flowers, occafioned by the minutenefs of the parts of fructification, which however are much larger and more con
fpicuous in this than in many others of the clafs SvNGENEsrA, and therefore a proper flower for him to begin with;
On examining the flower of the Dandelion he will find that it is not a double flower, properly fo called, as he might
be led to think from its fullnefs, but that it is compofed of a great number of Flofculi, or lefler flowers placed clofe
together on one common receptacle or bottom, and enclofed by one common or general calyx. On diflecting each of
thefe F/ofculi, he will find them to confift of a Conorra, or Peta fig. 2, which at bottom is tubular, but towards
the extremity flat, that from the bottom or tubular part of the corolla, five FILAMENTS {pring, which are {mall
and fhort, yet loofe and unconnected fig. 3, that thefe filaments are furnifhed with AN THERE, which unite together
- and form a long flender tube jig. 4, beneath the corolla is placed the GEnMEN, or future feed fig. 5, from whence
}
.
|
the SrYyrLE, or middle part of the Piftillum proceeds and paífes up through the middle ofthe flower, betwixt the
Filaments and through the tube formed by the union of the Anthere, fg. 6, and is furnifhed at top with two Stic-
MATA which roll back, fg. 7, at a little diftance from the Germen the lower part of the Stylus is furrounded by
numerous upright hairs which are the future Parpus or Down, fig. 10. |
'This, then, he will find to be the appearance of the parts of fructification in a full blown flower.
Thofe parts of the flower which were more immediately or more remotely neceflary to the impregnation ofthe Seed
having now performed their office decay, the Corolla with the Stamina and upper part of the Piftillum drops off, the
Seed becomes larger, the lower part of the Piftillum remains, 1s elongated and becomes the footftalk of the Pappus,
and the Seed as yet immature with the Pappus as yet moift are all enclofed and preíled by the Calyx into a conical
form. ‘This is its appearance in its fecond ftate.
The fructification ftill going forward the feed becomes ripe and brown, the Pappus now deprived of its moifture
expandsitfelf every way, fig. 10, pufhes back the Calyx, and affumesafpherical form. The feeds fitted for vegetation
and thus expofed are carried away by the firft ftrong wind, and ** a new race planted far from their native foil,"
Such then is the curious procefs which nature makes ufe of in the perfecting and diffemination of this plant,
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Larpsana communis, Nippreworr.
LAPSANA Linnazi Gen, Pl SvwGENEsIA POLYGAMIA JEQUALIS.
!
Receptaculum. nudum. Cal. calyculatus, fquamis fingulis interioribus ca-
naliculatis.
Rau Syn. Gen, 6. HERB FLORE COMPOSITO NATURA PLENO LASTESCENTES,
LAPSANA communis calycibus fructus angulatis pedunculis tenuibus ramofiflimis. Linnei Sy. Vegetab.
p. 602. Sp. pl. xq. FL Suecic. 5. 277.
LAMPSANA caule brachiato ; foliis ovatis longe petiolatis; petiolis pinnatis. aller bif. 2. 6.
LAMPSANA communis. Scopoh Fl. Carniol. m. 988.
SONCHO afünis Lampfana domefüca. C. Baubin 2 je 124
LAMPSANA Gerard, emac. 255.
LAMPSANA vulgaris. Parkinfon 810. Rau Syn. 173, Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 303.
RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa.
CAULIS ereétus, rigidus, bicubitalis, ftriatus, ramofus,
hirfutus. |
FOLIA oppofita, hirfutula, ad radicem et in ima parte
caulis uno vel altero pinnularum pari donata,
fegmento terminali magno, ovato, dentato, fu-
periora oblonga, dentata.
CALYX: communis calyculatus, angulatus, levis,
{quamz ad bafin minime erette, fig. 1.
COROLLA compofita, imbricata, Corollulis herma-
phroditis zqualibus ; propria monopetala, ligu-
lata, truncata quinque dentata, fig. 2.
STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque capillaria, breviffima;
ANTHER cylindracea tubulofa, fig. 2.
STYLUS
PISTILLUM: Gzzwrw oblongiufculum ;
STIGMA
filiformis, longitudine Staminum ;
bifidum, reflexum, fig. 2.
SEMINA circiter octodecem, oblonga paululum incur-
vata, pappo deftituta, intra calycem, jig. 3, 4.
/
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ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous
STALK upright, rigid, about two cubits high, ftria-
ted, branched, hairy.
LEAVES oppofite, fomewhat hairy, at the root, and on
the lower part of the ftalk furnifhed with one
or two pair of pinnule ; the fegment which
terminates the leaf large, oval, and indented;
the upper leaves oblong and indented.
CALYX; the common Calyx fmooth, and furnifhed at
bottom with a few minute, upright fquamulz,
Sig. 1
COROLLA compound, imbricated, the flofcules her-
maphrodite and equal; cach of them monope-
talous, ligulate, truncated, and having five
teeth, fig. 2.
STAMINA: five fmall and very fhort Fir AMENTS;
ANTHERJE uniting intoa tube, fig. 2.
PISTILLUM: Gezrmen oblong; SrvrE filiform, the
length of the Stamina: Sricma bifid and
turning back, jig. 2.
SEEDS about eighteen, oblong, a little bent in, with-
out any down, contained within the Calyx,
SE 3» 4
In gardens as a weed, this plant anfwers very well to the name of communis, being in general too common.
Nature feems amply to have fupplied the want of pappus or down in the feeds, by the great number of
them produced in each plant. It alfo occurs on the fides of banks, and in all cultivated ground; flowering
during moft of the Summer months.
According to Ray it receives its name of Nipplewort from its efficacy in curing fore nipples: no other
virtues or ufíes feem attributed to it.
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ERrGERON ACRE
HERBA FLORE COMPOSITO, SEMINE PAPPOSO NON LACTESCENTES,
PurpeLe EK RIGERON
Linnei. Gen. Pl. SyNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
FLORE
polymorphum Scopoli. FT. Carnicl.DiAcw. folia lanceolata, bafi et apice attenuata. Germina
ERIGERON
Rai Synopfis.
DISCOIDE.
ERIGERON Acre pedunculis alternis unifloris. Lin. Sp. PI. 1211.
ERIGERON
villofa. Pappus ruffus.
ERIGERON
caule alterne ramofo, petiolis unifloris, femiflofculis pappum aquantibus, et femiflofculis pap-
pum fuperantibus Haller. bif. n. 85. 86.
CONYZA czrulea acris Bauhin Pin. 265. Gerard emac. 484.
ASTER arvenfis ceruleus acris. Raz Sym 175.
CONYZA odorata cerulea Parkinfon 126.
SENECIO five Erigeron coeruleus 7. B. Il. 1043 Hudfon Fl. Angl. 314.
RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris pallide fufcis.
CAULIS erectus, rigidus, pedalis, pupureus, ftriatus,
foliofus, hirfutus, in quibufdam vix ramofus in
aliis ramofiffimus.
FOLIA alterna, fefülia, hirfuta, inferiora obtufe ovata
bafi anguftiora, fuperiora angufta, reflexa, tor-
tuofa, ramorum linearia, fuberecta.
FLORES ere&i, nunquam fefe explicantes ficut plerique
flores Claffis Syngenefie, externi purpurei, in-
terni flaveícentes, cum cavitate in medio.
CALYX communis imbricatus, fquamis fubulatis, erect-
is, purpureis, hirfutis, laxis, fig. 1.
COROLLA compofita, radiata; Corollule hermaphrodite
tubulofe, numerofz in difco, fig. 2. feminee
ligulate, pauciores in radio, fig. 3. Propria her-
maphroditi infundibuliformis, flava, limbo quin-
quefido, fig. 2: Feminee ligulata, linearis, erecta,
X purpurea, hermaphrodità longior, jig. 3.
STAMINA hermaphroditis :: FILAMENTA quinque, ca-
pillaria, breviflima: ANTHER E in tubum coalite.
PISTILLUM Hermaphroditis: GERMEN coronatum Pap-
po corolla paulo longior, fig. 4. ST vrvs filifor-
mis longitudine Pappi fig. 5; S'riGMA bifidum
Jig. 6 : Femineis : GERMEN tenue, Pappo lon-
gitudine fere Corolle, jig: 7; STIGMATA
duo, tenuiflima, fig. 8.
SEMINA oblonga, pallide fufca, Airfuta, lente aud :
Jia 9: ParrPus feffilis, Iutefcens, fimplex, fe.
10.
Blue-flowered fweet Fleabane.
Oeder Fl, Dan. Tab. 292.
ROOT perennial and fibrous, the fibres ofa pale brown
colour.
STALK upright, rigid, about a foot high, purple, ftria-
ted, leafy, and hirfute, in fome fcarce branched
at all, in others very much fo. |
LEAVES alternate, feffile, hirfute, the bottom ones of
a blunt oval fhape, and narrowat bottom, the
upper ones narrow, turning back and twifted,
thofe of the branches linear and nearly upright.
FLOWERS upright, never expanding themfelves like
moft ofthe flowers of the Clafs Syngenefia,
externally purple, internally yellow, with a ca-
vity in the middle.
CALYX: the common Calyx compofed of a number of
{cales, which are narrow and pointed, upright, .
purphíh, hirfute, and loofely connected fm. 1.
COROLLA compound and radiated ; the hermaphrodite
flowers tubular and numerous in the middle,
jig. 2. the female flowers ligulate, and fewer
in the circumference, fig. 3 : each hermaphro-
dite flofcule, funnel-fhaped, yellow, with the
limb divided into five fegments, fig. 2: each
Jemale tlofcule, linear, upright, purple, longer
than the hermaphrodite flower, fig. 3.
STAMINA in the hermaphrodite flowers: five Fira-
MENTS, very {malland fhort; the ANTHERA
united into a tube.
PISTILLUM of the hermaphrodite flowers ; the Grr-
MEN crowned with a Pappus or Down a little
longer than the Corolla, fig. 4; the SryLe
filiform, the length of the Pappus, fes. 5 ;
STIGMA bifid, fg. 6: of the Female flowers ;
the GrrmeEn flender, the Pappus nearly the
length of the Corolla, jig. 7; two STIGMATA
very ilender, jig. 8.
SEEDS oblong, ofa pale brown colour, b;rfute, magnifi-
ed fig. 9 ; Parrus feflile, yellowith and fimple
jig. 1o.
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The Erigeron Acre is by no means a common plant in our neighbourhood, yet occurs very frequently
on the hilly and chalky ground about Charlton Wood, particularly in the chalk pits on the left hand fide of
the lane behind the Church.
It flowers in the months of Auguft and September, and is confidered as a pretty fure indication ofa barren foil.
It has a tafte fomewhat warm and biting, and hence has received its name of Aeris.
We have rather chofen to retain LiNNvs's name
tends to confound it with the Genus Conyza.
It frequently grows much taller, and is often found
of Erigeron than adopt Ray’s name of Fleabane, which
much fmaller than the fpecimen we have figured.
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SENECIO VULGARIS. GROUNDSEL,
SENECIO mme: Gen. Pl. SyNcGENESIA PoLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Receptaculum nudum. Pappus fimplex.
Calyx cylindricus, calyculatus ; Jguamis apice fphacelatis.
Rai Syn, HERBA FLORE COMPOSITO, SEMINE PAPPOSO NON LACTESCENTES, FLORE DISCOIDE.
SENECIO
vulgaris corollis nudis, folis pinnato-finuatis amplexicaulibus, foribus fparfis. Linn. Syfl. Vegeta.
f. 630. Sp. Pl 1216. FI. Suecic. p. 290.
SENECIO
- SENECIO
SENECIO
SENECIO
minor vulgaris. Baubin Pin. 181.
vulyaris, Parkinfon 67t.
corollis nudis, fohis pinnato-finuatis amplexicaulibus, floribus fparfis. Haller hif. m. 58.
vulgaris. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. p. 162. n. 1063. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 315.
ERIGERON Gerard. emac. 278. Raii Syn. P 178. Common Groundfel or Simfon.
RADIX annua, e plurimis fibrillis albidis conftans.
CAULIS fimplex, erectus, pedalis, ramofus, fape pur-
| pureus, fubangulofus, in junioribus plantis ver-
fus apicem fubtomentofus.
FOLIA obfcure virentia, glabra, amplexicaulia, pinnato-
finuata, pinnis acute dentatis.
PEDUNCULI firiati, uniflori, primum ereéti, peracta
florefcentià penduli, demum erecti.
CALYX: communis primum cylindraceus, demum co-
nicus; Sguwamis fubulatis, plurimis, in cylin-
drum fuperne contractis parallelis, contiguis,
eequalibus, paucioribus bafin imbricatim tegen-
tibus, apicibus omnium nigricantibus, fig. 1.
COROLLA Compofita, longitudine calycis ; Corollule her-
maphrodite, tubulofz, numerofz in difco, in-
fundibuliformes; /imbo reflexo, quinquefido :
Radio nullo, fig. 2, 3.
STAMINA: FiLAMENTA quinque, capillaria, minima;
- ANTHERA cylindracea, tubulofa.
PISTILLUM: GznMEN ovatum; Srvrvs filiformis,
longitudine ftaminum; Stigmata ‘duo ob-
longa, revoluta.
SEMEN oblongum, ftriatum, fufcum; Pappvus fimplex,
albus, femine triplo fere longior, fig. 4; RE-
CEPTACULUM nudum, fcabrum.
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ROOT annual, confifting of numerous white fibres.
STALK fingle, upright, about a foot high, branched,
often purple, flightly angular, in the young
plants, towards the top, thinly covered with .
down.
LEAVES of a deep and dull green colour, fmooth, -
embracing the ftalk, pinnato-finuated, the pinnze.
fharply indented.
PEDUNCLES ftriated, fupporting one flower on each,
at firft upright, when the flowering is over
they become pendulous, and laftly upright.
CALYX; the common Calyx firft cylindrical and laftly
conical; the Sguame fubulate, numerous, con-
tracted above into a Cylinder, parallel, conti-
guous and equal; thofe at the bafe of the
calyx fewer, lying one over another, the tips
of all of them blackifh, fg. 1.
COROLLA Compound, the length of the Calyx; the
Florets hermaphrodite, tubular and numerous
in the difk or middle, funnel-fhaped, the /imé
reflex and divided into five fegments: the Ra- |
dius wanting, fig. 2, 3.
STAMINA: FIiLAMENTS five, capillary, and very mi-
nute: ANTHER# united into a tube.
PISTILLUM : GERMEN oval; STYLE filiform the length
of the Stamina; SriGMATA two, oblong, and
bent back.
SEED oblong, ftriated and brown; the Pappus fimple,
. white, almoft three times the length of the
' feed, fig. 43 RECEPTACLE naked, and rough.
The Groundfel is a Plant which is well known to grow exceedingly common in. Gardens, cultivated Ground,
and on Walls, flowering all the year if the weather be mild.
Although it is fcarcely ufed at prefent as a medicine, yet according to fome Authors it is not without con-
fiderable virtues: thejuice, or decoction of it taken internally, operates gently by vomit; and the plant externally
applied, is faid to be ufeful in inflamed Breafts, the Scrophula, and other Inflamations.
Mr. Ray fufpe&s that it might be given with advantage in Worms, as Farriers and Horfe-dealers give the
juice of it to Horfes that are troubled with thofe kind of Worms called Bottes, and to which it is prefently -
fatal.
ticularly thofé of the Phalena ‘facobee eat it readily.
Birds of various kinds are fond of the feeds and tops of this plant; and a great variety of Caterpillars par
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BELLIS PERENNIS.
Common Daisy
BELLIS. Linnei Gen. Pl. SyNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
Rai Synopfis Gen. 8. HERB# FLORE COMPOSITO DISCOIDE, SEMINIBUS PAPPO DESTITUTIS,
CoRYMBIFERZ& DICT.
BELLIS — perennis, {capo nudo. Linnei Syflem. Vegetab. p. 640. FI. Suecic. p. 296. Haller hift. p. 39- Scopoli.
FI. Carntol. o. 2. 146.
BELLIS — fylveftriis minor Bauhin pin. 261.
RADIX perennis, fbrofa.
FOLIA ovata, dentata, hirfutula, in petiolos longos
» : 9 sci : PE
decurrentia ; difrupta fila trahentia.
SCAPI teretes, hirfuti, triunciales, uniflorj, ad apicem
fiftulofi.
CALYX communis fimplex, folios zqualibus fiz. 1.
apice membranacels, hirfutis, obtufis fg. 2. lente
auct, |
COROLLA comfpofía, radiata: Corollule hermaphro-
dite, tubulofe, numerofe in difco. Feminine
ligulate, calycis folis plures in radio. Flofculi y
Hermapbroditi infandibuliformes | quinquefidi
Y CALYX
Gerard emac. 635. Parkinfon 530. Rau Sys. 5$. 184. Hudfon FL
Zingl. 320. OEder. FI. Dan. CON. : Jon $3 Vas y
IPS
¥ ROOT perennial, and fibrous.
j LEAVES oval, indented, flightly hirfute, running
down the footftalks, which are long and if broke
acrofs appear ftringy.
¢ STALKS round, hirfute, about three inches high, fup-
porting one flower, at top hollow.
the common calyx fimple, the leaves equal, Jig. t.
Y at the top membranous, hairy and obtufe, f. 2.
ae, erbrano pd obtufe, jig
i one of the tips magnified, |
y COROLLA Compound and radiated: the Corollule or
Y flofcuh in the difk or middle numerous, tubu-
lar, and hermaphrodite, thofe in the radius or
circumference flat, more numerous than the
leaves of the calyx, and female, the Hermaphro-
46e
«eG
flavi, fe. 5, 4. lenteau& : Femme: ligulati,
lanceolati, albi, ffr. 10. | dite Flofculi funnel fhaped, divided into five
fegments and yellow, fig. 3, 4. magnified. The
Female flofculi tubular at bottom, flat. towards
the extremity, lanceolate, and white, oe
Y
Y
H
Y
Y
M
Y
Y
STAMINA Hermapbroditis:.— FILAMENTA — quinque i STAMINA in the Hermaphrodite flower: five FiLa-
breviflima, fig. 5. ANTHERA cylindracea, tu- Y MENTS very fhort, fg. s. AN THERE united into
j bulofa, fig. 6. Y a tube, jig. 6.
PISTILLUM Hermaphroditis; GERMEN ovatum, fig. 9. i PISTILLUM of the Hermaphrodite flower: GznMEN
5TYLUS fihtormis, fg. 8. Sriema crafluf- $ oval, fs. 9. STYLE thread-fhaped, Ge
culum, bifidum, fig. 7. Feminee: GERMEN STIGMA thickifh and bifid, fig. 7. of the Fe-
ovatum, fig. 13. SrYLus filiformis. Sric- Y male flower: GERMEN oval, fig. 9. SrYvLE
MATA duo patula, linearia, fig. 11. ; thread-fhaped, two STIGMATA narrow and
Y Ípreading, fig. 11. | |
SEMINA ovata, comprefía, marginata, pappo defli- $ SEEDS oval, flat, margin’d without any pappus or
tuta, fo. t4. Y ; down, jig. 14.
JO
RECEPTACULUM
The Daify has been recommended by fome writers to be given in hectic fevers, caufed by drinking cold water
when the blood has been heated by exercife, either infufed in water or milk. ; "s
In fome parts of Germany, it is faid to be boiled and eaten with meat as a pot-herb; but it does not feem to promife
much either as phyfic or food for man. Sheep and horfes refufe it, and it is very probable that none of our cattle eat
it willingly ; if fo the owners of lands pay dear for their enamelled meads, and daified carpets, but this part of huf-
bandry feems as yet little underftood or attended to. As rural ceconomifts we have ventured to fay thus much in
difpraife of this flower, notwithftanding the lavifh encomiums the father of our Englifh poets has beftowed on it :
In fpecial one called Se of the daie
The Daifie, a floure white and rede,
And in french called La bel Margarete
O commendable floure, &c.
Above all flouris in the mede /
Than love I moft thofe flouris white and red
.. Such that men callin Daifies in our Town.
Chaucer is perhaps the firft that takes notice of the Horologium Flore or opening and fhutting of flowers at a par-
ticular time of the day.
i RECEPTACLE naked and of a conical figure, fig. 1 E
nudum, conicum, fig. 15.
She that is of all flouris the floure,
Fullfilled of all virtue and honoure ;
And ever alike fair and frefh of hewe,
As well in winter as in fummer newe,
As foon as ever the Sunne ginneth Weft
To fene this floure, how it will go to reft,
For fear of night fo hateth fhe darkneffe
Her chere is plainly fpread in the brightneffe
of the Sunne.
Well by reafon men it calle maie
The Daifie, or elfe the Eye of the Daie
And at the laft there tho began anon
A Lady for to fing right womanly
A Bargonet in praifing the Daifie
For as methought among her notis fwete
She faid $7 douce eff la Margarete
Retuned by Dryden in his own numbers: ;
And then the Band of Flutes began to play,
‘To which a Lady fung a Virelay ;
And ftill at every clofe fhe would repeat
The Burden of the Song the Dar/y is fo. feveet
The Daily is fo fweet when the begun
The troops of Knights and Dames continued on
The Confort and the voice fo charm’d my Ear
And footh’d my Soul that it was Heaven to hear.
Etymologifts agree with the Old Bard in his derivation of the Daify, viz. Days Eye.” Under the French name
Margarette it is probable a compliment was intended to fome lady, but Critics are not agreed who this lady was.
Like many other flowers the Daify becomes double by culture, and frequently $roLferous, in this ftate it is
called the Hen and Chicken Daity.
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Viota oporata Sweer Viorgm
VIOLA Linnei Gen. Pi. SvwoENESIA MonocAmta.
Calyx pentaphyllus. Corolla pentapetala, irregularis, poftice cornuta. Capfula
fupera, trivalvis, unilocularis.
Rai Syn Geh. 24, Herne PENTAPETALJE VASCULIFERA:
VIOLA odorata àcaulis, foliis cordatis, ftolonibus reptantibus, bra&tzis fupra medium pedunculk
VIOLA odorata, acaulis, foliis cordatis, ftolonibus reptantibus. Linn, Syf. Vegetab. t. 668.
VIOLA acáulis ftolonifera, folis cordatis, Haller bif. belv. m. 558
VIOLA odorata, Scopoli Fl Carniol. s. 1097.
VIOLA martia purpurea flore bliokd odoro. Baubin Pin. f. 199. martia alba. f. 199.
VIOLA nigra five purpurea. Ger. emac. 556: |
fimplex martia: Parkinfon 755: Rum Sym. p. 464: Purple Sweet Violet, and Whité Sweet
{cented Violet. Oeder Fi. Dam. icon: 309:
E
RADIX perennis, fibrofa, albida, in fenefcente planta
bafi petiolorum quotannis relidà pars fuperior
radicis tuberculofa evadit, et fupra terram emi-
net; efinu horum nodorum nafcuntur ftolones,
' qui humi repent, et folis inftruuntur füpulis-
que ejufdem forme ac illae que ad bafin plante
inveniuntur. !
FOLIA fubrotundo-cordata, cretiata, fuperie glabia, ins
ferne hirfutula, junioribus involutis:
STIPULJE radicales, ovato-lanceolate, meinbranacex,
ferrate, denübus glanduliferis.
PEDUNGULI radicales, infra Bractzas quadrangulares,
fupra Bractzas dorfo canaliculati, apice incur-
vati, uniflori.
BRACTEJE due, lanceolat#, plerumque oppofite, ap-
prefla, |. fupra medium peduncult.
CALYX: PrnraxTHIUM pentaphyllum, perfiftens, fo-
liolis oblongo-ovatis, obtufis, e viridi purpuraf-
centibus, fig. 1.
COROLLA pentapetala, irregularis, violacea, odorata,
petalum infimum Nectario corniculato, obtufi-
ufculo, apice compreffo inftru&um, Petala la-
teralia prope bafin barbata, jig. 2.
STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque breviflima zgre dif-
tinguenda : Ax THER X flavefcentes, biloculares,
vix connexa, membranà ovato-acuta aurantiaca
terminate; e parte pofteriori duarum Anthera-
rum exit Nectartumque intrat appendicula
viridis, linearis, compreffa, fig. 5, 4. 3.
PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum ; STvrvs bafi
tenuior et paululum tortuofus ; STIGMA unci-
| natum, Antheris paulo longius, fg. 6, 7.
. PERICARPIUM priufquam dehifcit, fubrotundo-tri-
angulare, purpurafcens, villofum ; trivalve
ue fubrotundis concavis, fry. 8.
J SEMINA plurima, rotunda, nitida, ftraminea, appendi-
culata, fig. 9.
* ROOT perennial, fibrous and whitifh; in old plants
the upper part of the root becomes knobby, and
appears above ground, the knotsor knobs being
formed from the bottoms of the foot-ftalks of
the leaves which are yearly left; from the
bofoms of thefe knobs {pring the ftolones or
— fhoots. which creep on the ground, and are.
furnifhed with leaves and the fame kind of
Stipulz which are obfervable at the bottom
AH SEES "plane ^
t LEAVES heart-fhaped and fomewhat round at the tip,
crenated, on the upper fide {mooth and fhining;
underneath fhghtly hairy, when young rolled
LOREM ng c heredes L^ *
y SIIPULJEÉ íprnging from the root, ovato-lanceolate;
: membtanous, {errated at the edges, each ferra:
. . . ture or tooth terminating in a minute gland.
PEDUNCLES fpringing from the root, below the Bra&teze
quadrangular, above the Bra&teze grooved on the
upper fide, at top incurvated, fupporting one
, OMeEMewer ^ |
BRACTE/E two, lanceolate, generally oppofite to each
other, prefled to the ftalk, and placed above the
| middle of the Peduncle: .
CALYX: a Perianruivm of five leaves, continuing,
each leaf of an oblong oval fhape, obtufe at the
; tip, and of a greenifh purple colour, fig. x.
COROLLA: of five Perats, irregular, of a bluifh pur-
ple colour and fweet fmell, the lowermoft ter-
minating in a blunt horned NEcTAR1UM, a little
flattened at the extremity, the two fide Petals
_ bearded near the bafe, fig. 2.
STAMINA: five Frraments fo fhort as hardly to be
diftinguifhed; AnTHER# yellowifh, bilocular,
Ícarcely connected together, terminated by an
oval-pointed, orange-coloured membrane ; from
the back of two ofthe Antherz, {prings a flend-
er, flat, greenifh appendage, which enters the
Nectarium, fig. 5, 4, 3.
PISTILLUM : GzngMzw roundith; SrvrE flendereft at
bottom and a little twifted; STIGMA hooked,
anda little longer than the Anthere, fig. 6, 7.
SEED-VESSEL, before it burfts, roundifh, rather ap-
proaching to triangular, of a purplith colour,
and villous appearance, fplitting into three round-
ifh hollow valves, fig. 8.
SEEDS feveral, round, fhining, of a ftraw colour, ter-
minated by a little appendage, fig. 9.
EAB 1492-644 4404: 4 44:4 464644445445 44:44
EAE LEE LE
4E 6444 44 EAE REALE SE SEE AAA AEE ACHE EE EAE ELE EAE AL AERIAL A e e e ee ke
"The Viola odorata delights to grow under warm hedges, particularly near Woods; if the Spring be favourable,
it is generally in full bloom in the month of March, and towards the latter end of Summer ripens its feeds.
— A variety. of this plant frequently occurs with a white flower, not inferior in its agreeable {cent to the blue one;
and fometimes this plant is found double, in which ftate it is often introduced into Gardens, and being furnifhed
with abundance of creeping fhoots, it is by means of thefe propagated with the utmoft facility. ———
This fpecies of Violet bears a confiderable refemblance to the Viola hirta, the mode of diftinguifhing them
we fhall point out when we defcribe the latter. d d |
A íyrup made from the flowers is ufually kept in the fhop, and frequently given to children where a gentle
laxative is required: itis likewifein uíc as a teft to try acid and alcaline fubftances. | The
The feeds are faid by Authors to poffefs a diuretic quality, and hence the powder of them has been recom:
mended in the ftone and gravel. | i
The great Bacon, who frequently defcended from his fublimer ftudies, and amufed himfelf with enquiries
into the qualities and properties of plants, has left us a curious method of preferving the fcentof this flower.
* Take Violets, and infufe a good pugil in a quart of Vineger, let them ftand three quarters of an hour, and take
them forth, and refrefo the infufion with like quantity of Violets [even times; and it will make a Vineger fo frefa
of the flower, as if a twelve moneth after it be brought you in a faucer, you hall fmell it before it come at jou.
* Note. I fmelleth more perfectly of the flower a good while after than at tbe fif) — MEM
The illuftrious prefcriber has given no dire&ions concerning the ufe of this preparation, but it appears to us
to be one of the moft grateful prefervatives againft infection, efpecially if the flrongeft diftilled vinegar which
has been drawn over im glaís, be made ufe of. ds Lfs:ios
€c
66
The Violet has been much complimented by the antient Poets; and our SHAKESPEARE gives ita confpi-
cuous place in his catalogue of flowers.
—————— ——* Violets dim,
* But fuweeter than the lids of Juwo's eyes,
* Or CYTHEREA's breath,”
The Commentators have not been fuccefsful in informing us how the ** dds of Juwo's eyes” bear any refemblance
to ** Violets dim,” not recolle&ing that soSrcgagos (having violet eyelids) was a complimentary title with the Greek poets.
This epithet alludes to a well known cuftom which fill prevails in Greece, of colouring the eye lids blue. *« A
* Grecian girl is painted blue round the eyes; and the infides of the fockets, with the edges on which the
** lathes grow, are tinged with black: For colouring the lafhes and focket of the eye, they throw incenfe or
* Gum. of Labdanum on fome coals of fire, intercept the fmoak which afcends, with a plate, and-colle@ the
** foot: ‘This I faw applied; a girl fitting crofs-legged, as ufual, ona fopha, and clofing one of her eyes, took
** the two lafhes between. the fore finger and thumb of her left hand, pulling them forward, and then thrufting
t in, at the external corner, a bodkin which has been immerfed in the foot, and extracting it again, the par-
** ticles before adhering to it remained within, and were prefently ranged round the organ, ferving as a foil to
** its luftre, befides contributing, as they fay, toitshealth, and increafing its apparent magnitude.” CHANDLER’s
Travels into Greece. : E. : P. videi le. ,
Altho' the poet of nature has been rather obfcure on this fubje&, where he copies the ancients; he makes
ample amends when he gives us the genuine effufions of his own imagination. With what precifion and
delicacy does he defcribe the íoft enchantment of plaintive mufic, as refembling the Íweetnefs of this flower ;
iluftrating in a beautiful fimile the obje& of one fenfe by that of an other! ^ ^" ^" "^ 7 50095
** That firain again ,——it had a dying fall;
“Ob! it came o'er my ear, like the fweet fouth,
** That breathes upon a bank of violets, é
** Stealing and giving odour!” —
r
*A Greek poet fuppofed to be a Chriftian, from the feverity of his manners and purity of his infruftions, forbids this cuftrom of painting the eye-
lids, in the rules of conduct which he addreffes to young women, ru SN oe CE ; ;
** Mxós werawe reoroww ume PAsPagorow omwmace.
NAUMACHIUS.
"It is probable that the Greeks borrowed this fafhion from their Afiatic neighbours; JEZEBEL, a native of Zidon,
: ; put her eyes in painting, as the
tranflators tell us in the margin of our bible; the Prophets alfo allude to and c:nfure this cultom, fee Feremiah iv. 30.
Esch xxii. 40.
OO —iuuzükR wach
Se ee inae.
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=
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i
ri
Viota HiRTA Hairy Vioter
VIOLA Linngi Gen. Ph S$wGENES1A MowocAwrA:
Calyx pentaphyllus: Corolla pentapetala, irregülatis, poltice cornuta, Cap/isla
fupra, trivalvis, unilocularis,
Rai Synop. Gen, 44. Herp PENTAPETALJE VASCULIFERA:
VIOLA Airta acaulis, folis petiolifque hirfütis, bra@eis infra medium pedunculi,
VIOLA Aria acaulis, foliis cordatis pilofo hifpidis. Linn, Sy. Vegetab. p. 668.
VIOLA acaulis, folis cordatis hifpidis. Haller hift. belv. m. 559.
VIOLA ría Hudfon Fl. Angl p. 330:
VIOLA martia major hirfuta inodora. Alf. ox. Ih 475.
VIOLA trachelii folio vulgo. Ra bi. 1051. Sym f. 365. Violet with Throat-wort leaves;
i 3 Lg
So great is the fimilarity betwixt this Species and the Viola odorata, that to defcribe it in the fame man:
ner as I have that plant, would be to repeat nearly the fame words. ‘To avoid this famenefs of expreffion,
I íhall adopt a defcription in the way of contraft, which will enable me to point out the differences of each
in a manner more ftriking, and I hope equally íatisfactory to my botanic readers.
l would firft premife, that as it is my greateft with to clear up every difficulty refpe&ing the fpecies and
varieties of thofe plants which come properly before me, fo I have with that view, not only examined this
plant with the greateft attention, where it has grown wild, but alfo cultivated it in my garden along with the
odorata, and hence, feeing and noticing its mode of growth throughout the year, have perhaps been able to
obtain a clearer idea of its hiftory, than thofe who may have viewed it at one particular feafon only.
The Viola odorata throws out from the upper part of its root a number of ftolones or fhoots, which trail
on the ground, and quickly take root at the joints, whereby it propagates itfelf very faft: the hirta likewife
encreafes itfelf by throwing out young ftalks; but then they are not procumbent, nor do they ever ftrike root
as thofe of the odorata do; hence the Airta does not encreafe fo faft, nor {pread fo wide. Although Linnmus makes
a confiderable difference in the form of the roots of thefe plants, yet from what I have obferved, this difference pro-
ceeds chiefly from the age of the roots ; for in both fpecies, the older they are, the more full are they of tubercles or
cicatrices, formed by the annual fhedding of the leaves.
The radical SzipuLe are lanceolate and ferrated in both fpecies.
The footfalks of the leaves form perhaps: the moft obvious difference; in the odorata they are nearly fmooth 3
in the firta they are very hirfute, and this hairinefs puts on a kind of filvery appearane in the young plants of this
fpecies, where it is remarkably confpicuous.
In the leaves themfelves the difference is for the moft part, not very remarkable, for in both fpecies they are
fomewhat hirfute underneath ; thofe of the bra however, are fometimes remarkably fo, from growing in particular
foils or fituations : the leaves of the odorata have a more glofly appearance on their upper furface, but this fcarce
difcriminates them unlefs they are contrafted. With refpe& to fhape and fize likewife, the difference is not very
obvious; both fpecies when in bloom are fmall, compared with the fize to which they afterwards grow. In
make they are fomewhat longer, and not fo perfe&ly heart-fhaped.
In the {pecimens of this plant which I have examined, I could not perceive that fenfible difference which
Linnzus notices (vid. Mantif.. Plant. alt. 5. 483.) in thefhape of the Peduncle above the Bra&ez ; in both {pecies
they certainly are channeled at the back: in the fituation of the Bractez, however, there is a very confiderable
difference, which does not appear to have been taken notice of, and this feemed to me to be fo obvious a character,
that I truft it will apologize for my altering its fpecific defcription : in the odorata, the Braétee are placed above the
middle of the Scapus, or Peduncle ; in the 5/r/z, they are fituate below it: but there is one caution neceflary to be.
obferved refpecting this chara&er, viz. that the Bractez of each be obferved, juft when the flowers are fully expand-
ed, for as that part of the Scapus, which is fituated above the Bractes, grows confiderably longer by the time
that the flowers of the odorata are faded, fo they fhould both be examined when of an equal age, otherwife
this diftin&ion will not appear fo remarkable.
The flowers of the b/r/éz, in general, appear about a week later than thofe of the odora/a, are of a paler
blue colour, and entirely want that fweet fragrance which renders the cdorata fo grateful a harbinger of the
Spring. In the other parts of the frutification, thefe plants are very fimilar to each other; but there is one
circumftance refpecting the manner in which they produce and difperfe their feeds, which may not be generally known.
Linwavus in his Flora Suecica, m. 789, obferves that the flowers which the Viola mirabilis fivft produces from the
root, are furnifhed with Petals, yet that thefe for the moft part are barren, while thofe which blow later the fame
Spring, and rife from the ftalk, although deftitate of Petals, produce perfect feed : and Jacevin, in his excellent
work the Flora Aufriaca, where this plant is figured, (Vol. 1. fl. 19.) confirms the truth of Linnaus’s obfervations,
and fays that the barrenefs of thofe flowers appeared to arife from a deficiency of the Stylus. Linnavs in his va-
luable treatife above quoted, obferves likewife, that the fiowers of the Vicla montana, which appear firft, are furnifhod
with Petals, but that thofe which are afterwards produced have no Petals, yet neverthelefs are fertile ; and this I
find, on repeated examination, to be the cafe with the Viola odorata and hirta, but more particularly the latter: they
differ from the Viola mirabilis in this refpeét, that all the flowers which are formed, both with and without Petals,
produce perfect feed. I was led tothis difcovery from obferving a fingle plant of the Viola hirta, to produce about the
middie of Summer, ten or twelve capfules of ripe feeds, on which 1 was certain in the Spring no more than two or
three blofloms had appeared : the next Spring I difcovered, that befides thofe perfect blofloms which firft {pring up,
this plant continues for a month or more to throw out new flowers, which are entirely deftitute of Petals, or have
only the rudiments of them which never appear beyond the Calyx; but all the other parts of the fructification are
perfect. The capfules in both thefe fpecies, when they become nearly ripe, lay clofe to the ground, fo that when
they burft, the feeds have an eafy accefs into the earth. |
‘There is fome difference with refpect to the foil and fituation in which thefe two plants delight; the odorata grows
very generally under warm hedges, and in woods; the other appears to be pretty much confined to a chalky foil, and
often occurs in more expofed fituations, in the fields and on the banks about Charlton, it may be found in tolerable
abundance.
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ORTU WE Leola ecole |
Viota Tricotor Winp Paesi.
Herp PENTAPETALM V ASCULIFERJE.
Linn: Syft: Vegetab. f.
caule diffufo, ramofo, foliis ovatis dentatis, flore calyce paulo major. Haller. bif. tom: t. m. $69.
VIOLA Linnzi Gem; Pl. SvNGENES$IA MoNoGAMIA.
Raii Synop. Gen. 20. E VAS
VIOLA tricolot, caule triquetro diffufo, folus oblongis incifis, ftipulis pinnatifidis,
. 668: FL. Suecie. 307. |
“VIOLA *
VIOLA bicolor arvenfis. C. Baubi. pin: 200:
VIOLA tricolor fylveftris. Parkinfon. 755.
JACEA
bicolor frugum et hortorum vitium. J. Baubin: IL: 548. Raü Syn: f. 336. it.
Angl.. p: 331; Stopoli. Fi. Carniol. p. 183.
Éudfon. FL.
RADIX fimplex, fibrofa: T
SAULIS palmaris et ultra, plerumque diffufus, tamofus,
angulofus, ad baíin fordide purpureus; rami
=) Sern,
FOLIA longe petiolata, elliptica, crenata, inferioribus
{pe minoribus, fubrotundis, fuperiotibus an-
guftis, fubdentatis. |
STIPULZ ad bafin laciniato-pinnatifide, laciniis linea-
ribus; extrema oblonga, dentata;
PEDUNCULI fubquadrangulares, alterni, apice iricur-
vati, dorfo canaliculati, ftipulis duobus par-
vis, niembranaceis, prope florem, inftruct.
CALYX: PznziANTHIUM pentaphyllum, perfiftens, fo-
liolis acutis, tria /wperiora minora, ad bafin
qualia, fuprema erecta; petalis fupremis lon-
giora, duo mferiora apice et bafi cseteris longi-
ora, bafique latiora, petalis infimis breviora,
Fg: 2;
COROLLA pentapetala, itregularis, duo fuperiora fub-
rotunda, integerrima, albida, deorfum fpectantia;
lateralium Jamina ovata, obtufa, ad bafin bar-
bata, lineaque brevi purpürea notata ; inhimum
latumemarginatum, ad bafin flavum, lineis quin-
| — que purpureis pictum, CALCARE SEU NECTARIO
NECTARIUM. terminatum, longitudine calycis, apice
violaceo, obtuío, fig. 3, 4, 5, 6.
STAMINA: Fi1rAMENTA quinque, breviffima; AN THE-
mE albida, vix coadunate, biloculares, mem-
branà croceA terminate, e dubous inferioribus
exeunt, ne&ariumque intrant, appendicule duz
lineares, jig. 7, 8, 9, 10.
PISTILLUM: Germen fubconicum, fg. 11 ; STYLUS
ad bafin tortuofus, ftaminibus longior, fig. 12;
SriGMA capitatum, oblique perforatum, per-
fiftens, jig. 13.
PERICARPIUM: Ca?surA ovata, glabra, unilocularis,
trivalvis, fig. 14, 15.
SEMINA plurima, ovata, fufca, nitida, appendiculata,
valvis feriatim affixa, fig. 15.
ROOT fimple and fibrous. |
STALK about fouror fix inches high, generally fpread-
ing; branched, angular, at bottom ofa dull pur-
. ple colour; the branches alternate.
LEAVES placed on long foot-{talks, elliptical, érenated,
the lowermoft often fmaller and roundifh, the
| | . uppermoft narrow and flightly indented.
STIPULZE at bottom jagged and pinnatifid, the laei-
nim or jags linear, that which terminates the
. .. Stipula oblong and indented: .
FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, nearly quadrangular,
alternate, bent in at top, channeled on the
back, and furnifhed with two {mall membra-
|. . . nous Stipule near the flower.
CALYX: a PzeniANTHIUM of five leaves and continu-
ing, the leaves fharply pointed, the three wper
ones {malleft, and equal at bottom, the upper-
moft upright and longer than the uppermoft pe-
tals, the two under leaves longer both at bottom
and top than the reft, and at bottom likewife
a, broader, fhorter than the lowermott petals, fig. 2.
COROLLA pentapetalous and irregular, the two upper-
moft petals roundifh, entire, and reflected ; the
lamina or broad part of the fide petals oval, ob-
tufe, bearded at bottom, and marked with a
fhort purple line; the lowermoft petal broad,
emarginate, yellow at bottom, and ftreaked
_. With five purple lines, and terminated by a
NECTARY. Spur or Necrary the length of the
Calyx, with a blueifh and blunt point, fig. 3,
As 5, 05
STAMINA Pie FILAMENTS very fhort; ANTHERE
whitifh, fearcely united, bilocular, terminated
by a faffron coloured membrane ; from the two
lowermoft two linear appendages go off and
| enter the Nettary, fig. 7, 8, 9, 10.
PISTILLUM: GerMen fomewhat conical, fig. 11;
STYLE twifted at bottom and longef than the
Stamina, fig. 12; STIGMA forming a little head,
obliquely perforated and continuing, jig. 13. -
EED-V ESSEL: an oval fmooth CapsuLe of one cavity
and three valves, fig. 14, 15.
EEDS numerous, oval, brown and íhining, with a
button to each, affixed in rows to the infide
of the valves, fig. 15.
i22! wm
Few plants have acquired a greater variety of names than the Viola Tricolor; in different Authors and different
counties we find the following, viz. Wild Panfie, Herb Trinity, Hearts eafe, Three faces under a hood, Cull me to you,
Love in ldlenefs, &c. what has occafioned fome of thefe is the different appearance it puts on from cultivation and
change offoil; in à garden thereare few flowers that can boaft a greater variety or richnefs of colour, few that
continue longer in bloffom, or are cultivated with more eafe; it is probable that the large yellow Violet, Viola lutea,
is no more than a variety of this fpecies.
The Panfie in its wild ftate occurs very frequently in cultivated fields, and bloffoms through moft of the fummer
months. It is fo hardy as to appear in Lapland amongft the few other plants which ornament the waftes of.
. that Country during its fhort fummer. It is eaten by Kine and Goats.
The difference in the form of the Stigma feems to divide the plants of this Genus into two families, viz. Panfies
and Violets, in the former the Stigma is round, with a remarkable hole on one fide of it, in the latter it is hooked.
Linnzus remarks the black lines which fometimes appear on the Petals, MirTow had obíerved the fame,
« Panfies freakt with fet” Ina poor foil the purple and yellow in the bloom of this flower frequently become
very faint, and fometimes fade into a perfect white, this variation in colour gives a propriety to the Metamorphofis
of this lower in which SHAKESPEAR pays an elegant compliment to his royal miftrefs.
That very time I faw, ( but thou could’ not)
Flying between the cold Moon and the Earth,
Cupid a/l-arm'd: a certain aim be took,
At a fair Vefal, throned by tbe weft,
And loos’d his lovesfhaft fmartly from bis bow,
As it foould pierce a hundred thoufand hearts :
But I might fee young Cupid’s fiery fbaft
Quencb'd in the cbafle beams of the watery moon,
And the imperial votrefs paffed on,
In maiden meditation fancy-free.
Yet mark’d I where the bolt of Cupid fell,
It fell upon a little weftern flower ;
Before, milk-white; now purple with Love's wound,
And Maidens call it Love in Idlenefs.
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Orurys APIFERA. BEE Oncuis
OPHRYS. Linn. Gen. Ph ed. 3. GyNANDRIA DIANDRIA. | |
ORCHIS. Raj Synopfis, ed. 3. 379. Herzm Bursosrs ArrINESs.
OPHRYS apifera bulbis fubrotundis, ícapo foliofo, nectarii labio quiüquélobo; lobis fubtus inflexis.
Hudfon. Fl. Angl. 340.
ORCHIS, radicibus fubrotundis, labello holofericeo, emarginato, appendiculato. Haller. hift. vol. 2. 1266.
tab. 24. Duas fpecies apiferam et mu[ciferam Hupsonis et HALLERI fub uno nomine
| Jufcciiferee conjungit Cr. LiwN avs. Fufchii icon. 560. Baubin pin. 83. Gerard. emac. 212.
RADIX, Bulbi duo, fubrotundi, inzequales, radiculis
longis vix fibrofis fupra inftructi
CAULIS femipedalis aut pedalis, teres, fig. 1, foliofus.
FOLIA vaginantia, ovátó-lanceolata, fubtus fubargen-
tea, fibris lineata, fepe mutilata et fufca.
BRACTE magne, vaginantes, virides, longitudine
foris;
FLORES a tribus ad fex, fpicati.
COROLLA: PzrarA quinque, tria exteriora reliquis
majora, ovata, concava, reflex, purpurafcen-
tia, ferioribus pallidioribus, fubcarinata, carina
viridi, fig: 2; duointeriora exterioribus quadru-
plo minora, angufta, hirfuta, poftice canaliculata,
ad bafin latiora, antrorfum extantia.
NECTARII Labellum amplum, leniter cónvexüm,
fuborbiculatum, fufco-fericeum, maculis flavis
frequenter variegatum, quinquelobum, Jobis m-
Alexis, fig. 35. lateralibus fubiriangularibus, birfutis,
fig. 4; medio anteriorum produ&iore, apice re-
curvato flavo, fig. 5; machina ftaminum five
SrvLus longa, fuberecta, apice meurvata et fur-
fum recurvota, fig. 11, antice bilocularis, locu-
lis apertis, fig. 12, anguftis, marginibus albis,
membranaceis, jig. 13:
STAMINA : FiLAMENTA duo, fig. 6, e fquamulà necta-
rifera ad bafin Styli exeuntia, nutantia, Stigma-
ti frequenter adhzrentia, fg. 8, bafi glandula
five globulo albo pellucido inftru&ta, jig. 7;
ANTHERJE fubrotunde, flavz fig. 9.
,
PISTILLUM: Geren oblongum, hexangulare, angu-
lisobtufis reciis ; ST1GMA, fig. 10, melleo li-
quore obductum, cui particule Antherarum fre-
quenter adhzrent.
PERICARPIUM: CaesuLA oblonga, fufca, uncialis,
fig. 14, unilocularis, jig. 16, trivalvis, valvis
carinatis, fig. 15
SEMINA plurima, minuta, oblonga, utraque extremi-
tate membranacea, pellucida; reticulata, jig. 18,
lente aucta, interiori parti carinz longitudinaliter
affixa, fig. 17.
* ROOT, two roundifh unequal bulbs, furhifhed at top with
a few {mall longifh fibres, but little branched.
STALK from halfa foot to a foot high, round, fig. 1, leafy.
LEAVES embracing the ftalk, of an oval pointed fhape;
underneath filvery, with linear fibres, frequently
imperfect, and of a brown colour.
FLORAL LEAVES /arge, in the form of a sheath, gteeii
and of equal length with the flowers.
FLOWERS from three to fix, growing in a fpike:
COROLLA: five Perats, the three exterior larger
than the reft, oval, concave, turning back,
purplith, fomewhat keel-fhaped, the keel green;
fig. 23 the latter flowering paleft: the twoin-
terior four times fmaller than the others, narrow,
hairy, hollow behind, broadeft at bottom, and pro-
je&ing forward.
NECTARY, The Lip of the Ne&ary large, fomewhat
convex, roundifh, of a filky brown colour, fre-
quently variegated with yellow {pots ; having five
lobes, the lobes bending underneath, fig: 3 $ the two
Jide lobes fomewhat triangular and hairy, figs 43; the
middle of the anterior running out to a point,
which turns back, andis of à yellow colour, fig.
55 the STYLE, which in this plant fupports the
Stamina, long, upright, a£ the tip bending down-
wards, and again upwards, fig. 11, anteriorly, ha-
ving two cavities which are open and narrow, frg.
11, the edges white and membranous, frg. 13.
STAMINA: two F1LAMENTS, fig. 6, arifing from the
bottom of the Style out of a nectariferious fcale;
hanging down, frequently adhering to the Stig-
ma, fig. 8, furnifhed at bottom with a fmall
tranfparent gland or globule, fig. 7; the Aw-
THERJE roundifh and yellow, jig. 6.
PISTILLUM: the GERMEN oblong, having fix angles,
the angles obtufe, nor £avified; the Stiema, fig.
10, covered with a vifcid fubftance like honey, to
which fmall particles of the Antherze frequently
adhere:
SEED-VESSEL: a CarsuLE about an inch in length,
oblong, brown, fiy. 14, of one cavity, fig. 16,
and three valves, the valves keel-fhaped, fy. 15.
* SEEDS numerous, fmall, oblong ; at each end membra-
nous, tranfparent, and reticulated, fig. 18, mag-
nified, affixed lengthwife to the infide of the
keel of each valve, fig. 17.
Flowers in the Months of JuwE and Jury, the Seed is ripe the latter end of Avcvsr.
Grows-generally on chalky ground near woods, and fometimes in meadows ; is become fo rare about London, as
{carcely to be found with any certainty. Mr. ALcHorne informs me he has frequently gathered it in the pits behind
Charlton-Church, and in the woods near Chiffe/burft in Kent : but it is often met with in plenty atagreaterdiftance from town.
The root appears to poflefs the fame virtues with thofe of the Orchis from which Salop is made, but being much
fmaller, is not worth cultivating on that account. ‘The great refemblance which the flower bears toa Bee, makes it much
fought after by Florifts, whole curiofity indeed, often prompts them to exceed the bounds of moderation, rooting up
all they find, without leaving a fingle fpecimen to chear the heart of the Student in his botanic excurfions.
The beft time oftranfplanting them is when they are in flower. This, with moft of the other Orchis's, was cultivated
with the greateft fuccefs by the late PETER Conzinson, Efqs (whofe memory will always be revered by e-
very Botanift) in his garden at Mill-Aill—His method was to place them in a {foil and fituation as natural to them
as pofüble, and to fuffer the grafs and herbage to grow round them.
I have not yet heard of their being propagated by feed; it is to be wifhed that fome intelligent Gardiner would
exert himfelf in making fome experiments to raife them in this way. '
Botanifts have often been at a lofsin claffing many plants, to find fome refemblance by which they might diftinguith
"their particular fpecies; but in this plant the cafe is otherwife, the flower is fo like the infect that gives it its
name, that it ftrikes every beholder with admiration ; what ufeful purpofe is intended by it, we donot at prefent
know: Some future Obferver may perhaps difcover, for they who will examine Nature herfelf, ** have much to fee.”
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ASPLENIUM ScOLOPENDRIUM. Harts-ToNcur
ASPLENIUM Linnai. Gen. Pl. CrypToGAMia FrLICEs,
Rai Synop. Gen. HERBJ& CAPILLARES ET AFFINES,
ASPLENIUM frondibus fimplicibus cordato-lingulatis integerrimis, ftipitibus hirfutis. Liz. Sp. Pl. 1537.
ASPLENIUM Frondes lanceolate, acuminate, bafi cordate, integerrimze, medio latiores. Scopolt. F1. Cara.
ASPLENIUM petiolis hirfutis, folio longe lineari-lanceolato, integerrimo, circa petiolum exíciffo,
Haller. Hifl. n. 1665.
HEMIONITIS. Fwfcbi. Icon. 294.
PHYLLITIS vulgaris. Cf. bjf.
SCOLOPENDRIA vulgaris Tragi.
LINGUA CERVINA officinarum. Baubís. Pin. 350. Gerard. emac. 11 38. Parkinfon. 1046. Rail.
Synop. 116. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. 484.
RADIX perennis, fibrofiffima, fufca, fibris fibrillis
tenuiffimis inftructis,
ROOT perennial, exceedingly fibrous, the fibres
brown, and furnifhed with other fibres, which
are very minute,
STIPITES plures, pilofi. STALKS numerous and moffy, or hairy.
LEAVES tongue-fhaped, at bottom cordate, about a -
foot in length, and one inch and a half in
breadth, of a bright yellowifh green colour,
and fhining, the margin a little waved, and
the midrib on the under fide mofly.
FRONDES cordato-lingulate, longitudine pedales, la-
titudine fere bipollicares, glaberrimze, margine
undulato, nervo medio inferne pilofo.
gina inferiore frondis nervo medio utrinque under fide of the leaf, on each fide of the mid-
leriatim difpofita, fig. 1, 2, 3. rbi 1,12, 3.
INVOLUCRUM. Squama linearis, bivalvis, longitu-
dinaliter dehifcens, fig. 2.
CAPSULE numerofe, fubglobofz, uniloculares, pe-
dicellatze, annulo elaftico cin&tz, fig. 5, 7,
lente auctae.
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
FRUCTIFICATIO. Glomera linearia, obliqua, in pa- i FRUCTIFICATION placed in oblique lines on the
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y INVOLUCRUM a linear membrane of cafe, of two
x valves, opening longitudinally, fg. 2.
Y CAPSULES numerous, ftanding on foot-ftalks, nearly
i globular, furrounded by an elaftic ring, and
Y having one cavity, as they appear magnified,
Y Jig. 5» 7°
Y
SEMINA numerofa, fubrotunda, minutiffima, Wee Ts :
SEEDS roundifh, very numerous and minute, fg. 7, as
lente valde aucte, fig. 8.
they appear through a. great magnifier, fig. 8.
THIS is one of thofe plants which fome botanic writers have called Epiphyllofperme, from producing their feeds
on the back of the leaves. Linnavs includes it in his clafs Cryptogamia, as neither ftamina nor piftilla have yet
been difcovered on it. The firft appearance of fru&ification that we obferve, are fome little bags or cafes, of a
yellowifh or whitifh green colour, placed in rows on the under fide of the leaves, fig. 1, on opening of which,
almoft as foon as they become vifible, we find the capfules or feed-veflels, jig. 2, very numerous, ftanding upright,
and clofe together: at this time they appear of a green colour; as they approach towards maturity, they change
this for a deep brown : tbe cafes then open lengthways in the middle, the two fides, by the protrufion of the cap-
fules, are turned quite back, and wholly difappear, fig. 3. ‘This membranous fubftance or cafe, may be confidered
as fimilar to the calyptra in Mofles, or calyx in other plants, and ferves to fecure and defend the tender feed and cap-
fules, which being now become ripe, exhibit a moft ftriking proof of that wifdom which the benevolent Author of
Nature manifefts in all the works of his creation. |
Each capfule or feed-veffel, confifts of three parts; firft the foot-ftalk, jig. 4, which fupports and connects them
to the leaf; fecondly, the jointed fpring, fig. 5, which nearly furrounds the third part, or cavity containing the
feeds, fig. 6, 7.
ne fede MES ripe, the cavity containing them is forced open by the elafticity of the jointed Ípring, and the
feeds {cattered and thrown to a confiderable diftance ; one half of the cavity remains connected to one end of the
{pring, and the other half to the other end, jig. 7.
Some of the capfules being fooner ripe than others, difcharge their feed fooner, fo that it is a confiderable time
before they all become empty. On applying an entire row before the microfcope for the firft time, I was immediately
ftruck with the motion that appeared in them, and afterwards found that the warmth of my breath occafioned a
great number of the capfules to keep continually difcharging their feeds, {fo as almoft to give them the appearance
of fomething alive. The clofenefs of the capfules one to another, affording me but a confufed idea of their Ítructure,
I feparated them with the point of a penknife, from their connection to the leaf, and again placed them before the
microfcope, which then gave me a very different, and, after a little examination, a very clearidea of their ftruture ;
many appeared with the feeds difcharged, feveral in the a& of difcharging them, and fome as yet entire: it fre-
quently happened, that while I was intently looking at one which I expected would open, at the inftant of difcharg-
ing, it would be carried out of my fight by the ftrength and elafticity of the Ípring; and it was not till after repeated
trials, that I was able clearly to obferve the manner of their opening. The feeds are very numerous, and {carcely
vifible to the naked eye: when magnified, they appear ofa roundith figure, and full of little projecting points.
Both Grew and SwAMMERDAM have given figures on this fubje& ; but thofe of SwAMMERDAM are by much the
moft natural. As agreat deal of the fatisfaction in viewing objects of this kind, depends on the kind, as well as
goodnefs of the microfcope, that none of my readers may be difappointed in the experiments they may make with
this entertaining inftrument, I may inform them, that the microfcope I make ufe of, is that which is fold in the
Íhops by the name of Err1s's Aquatic Microfcobe, and which is made for this purpofe, with particular care and ac-
curacy, by GEonGE ApAMs of Fleet-Street, Mathematical Inftrument Maker to his Majefty.
- This plant may be found in feed from September to November, in fhady lanes and on walls, and is frequently found
growing within-fide of old wells. Itismetwith but rarely about town, though cultivated in moft of our botanic gardens.
The leaves are fubject, from a richnefs of foil, to be much divided at their extremities, and very much curled at the edges.
It is an officinal plant, and is recommended by Ray, from his own, experience, as a good medicine againít con-
vulfive diforders. | |
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POLYPODIUM Linnei Gen Ph Cryprocamta Fintees. ,
Fruétific. in punétis fubrotundis fpatfis pet difcum frondis:
Raii Syn, HERBA CAPILLARES ET ÁFFINES.
POLYPODIUM vulgare frondibus pinnatifidis : pinnis oblongis fubferratis obtufis, Linn. Sy. Vegetab.
"Em p 786. Fl. Suecic. p. 373.
POLYPODIUM folis pinnatis, lanceolatis, radice fquamata. Haller bjf. m. 1696.
POLYPODIUM vulgare. Scopoli Fl. Carniol. m 1266.
POLYPODIUM wulgare. Baubin. pin. 359.
POLYPODIUM vulgare. Parkinfon 1039.
POLYPODIUM Gerard emac. 1138. Raii Syn. ps 117, Polypody. Hud/on Fl. Angl. p. 387.
ROOT creeps obliquely under the furface of the earth;
fending forth a number of fibres from little
tubercles, which are plentifully diftributed over
its furface, about the thicknefs of the little
finger, fometimes flenderer, covered with brown
mofly fcales, externally of a pale yellow colour,
internally greenifh, of a tafte at firft fweet, but
finally fowerifh and aftringent.
RADIX oblique fub terre fperficie reptat, fibras fuas
ex tuberculis quibus plurimis fcatet demittens,
ad craffitudinem fere minimi digiti accedens,
Íquamis fufcis te&ta, colore foris buxea, intus
fere herbacea, fapore dulci, tandem acerbo
et adítringente.
STIPITES leves, interne fulcati. STALKS fmooth, grooved on the inner fide.
FRONDES femipedales aut pedales, pinnatifide, pinnze
LEAVES from half a foot toa foot in length, pinnati-
oblonge, fubferratze, obtufze, inferne pallidiores.
fid; the pinnz oblong, flightly ferrated, obtufe,
paleifh underneath.
CAPSULES placed in a row on each fide the midrib of
the leaf, in large, yellow, round dots, ftanding
on foot ftalks, of a roundifh fhape, with the
furface granulated from the feeds protubera-
ting, furnifhed with a fhort elaftic fpring, and
opening into two valves, fig. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
CAPSULA in acervulis, magnis, flavis, rotundis, ner-
vo utrinque feriatim locate, pedicellate, fub-
rotunda, fuperficie granulata a feminibus pro-
tuberantibus, annulo elaftico brevi inftructe,
in valvulas duas dehifcentes, ffe. 2, 3, 3, 5, 6.
SEEDS numerous, oval or fomewhat kidney-thaped, of
a yellow colour, fg. 7, 8,
Ob 4€44 44 € 6 444 E44 EAE HE 4H EE 4141644414146 444€4€-4€-676 48184646
SEMINA plurima, ovata, aut fubreniformia flava, jg.
7, 8.
IN all thofe plants of the Fern Tribe which I have hitherto had an opportunity of examining, there appears to
be much the fame mechanifm in their parts of fruCtification ; one of the moft tiriking and ufeful of which is the
elaftic ring which furrounds the Capfules, by means of which they are forced open and the fecds difcharged. So
neceflary a part one fhould not conceive would be wanting in any of thefe plants, nor willit, I believe, be found
to be fo: yet many Botanifts, and thofe too of eminence, not only deny its exiftence, but make the want of it a
character to diftinguifh this Genus. GLEDITCH gives us the following as part of the generic. character of the
Polypodium ** Capfule annulo defituta.’ ADANSON alfo gives it the fame character, ** fans anneau.’ Jt will perhaps
not be difficult to account for this miftake ; and at the fame time it will fhew us how injurious it is to fcience, for
Authors to take things for granted without examining for themfelves. In Tourneror'r’s elegant figures of the
Genera, the Capfules of the Polypodium are reprefented without any ring: on the truth of thefe figures it is highly
probable that thofe Authors have relied ; for had they made ufe of their own eyes, affifted by a fmall magnifier, they
could not have avoided feeing what Matpicui long before their time delineated, though rudely, and GrzicHEN
fince more elegantly figured. |
There is one circumftance attending this fpecies of Polypodium, which however does not run through the whole
of this Genus, vz. the want of an Involucrum or Membrane; the little dots or aflemblage of Capfules are not cover-
ed with any membrane; orif there be a membrane, itis very early deciduous, and not vifible when the Capfules
have arrived at a tolerable degree of maturity.
This fpecies of Polypody grows very common in woods and fhady lanes on the old ftumps of various trees ; it differs
much in fize: fometimes it occurs on the Oak, in which cafe its virtue as a medicine has been more celebrated.
* Its effects when taken inwardly are flightly purgative: it has been recommended in various diforders of the Vifcera,
in the Cachexy, fwellng of the Spleen, Jaundice, obftructions of the Mefenteric Glands, Hypochondriac Difeafe,
Cough, Afthma, &c. but it has generally been given with fome other medicines.
In the prefent practice it is but little regarded,
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Bryum scoPARIUM. Broom Bryum.
BRYUM Linnai Gen. PI. | CRYPTOGÀMIA Musci.
Rai Syn. Gen. 3: Musct.
BRYUM /coparium, Antheris ere&iufculis, pedunculis. aggregatis, foliis fecundis recurvatis, caule declinato,
Liunei Syfl. Vegetab. p 797. |
HYPNUM folis falcatis, heteromallis vaginis multifloris. Haller bif. m. 1777.
HYPNUM feoparium. Scopoli Fl. Carm. $. 334. Diacn. Florefcentia Hyemalis. Folia arcuata, fecunda, |
tenuia. Sete fepe plures. |
BRYUM /coparium: furculo declinato, Mitt folis fecundis, recurvatis, primordialibus plumulofis. Necker.
method. muc. p. 224. |
HYPNUM /toparium. Weis. Cryptogam. pe 2133
BRYUM reclinatum, folis falcatis, fcoparum effigie: The Jickle-leaf 'd bending Beafom Bryum, | Dillen. mufe. pe.
357. tab. 46. fiy. 16 |
BRYUM erectis cápitulis anguftifolium, catlereclinatos Cat. Gifs. 222. Raii Sym 95. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 406.
J. CAULES unciales aut biunciales et ultra, fubereéti, ra- Y STALKS from orie to two inches high and more, nearly
mofi, in denfo cefpite colle&i, fordide ruf, ¥ upright, branched, growiug thickly together,
infra multo temento fufco obfiti. 4 ofa dirty red colour, and covered at bottom
i . . witha dark brown wooly fubftance.
FOLIA caulem inzqualiter circumftant, binc in quibuf- $ LEAVES : the leaves cover the ftalk unequally, hence in
dam locis nudiufculus relinquitur, in aliis folus i fome places it is left rather naked, in others
$ crebrioribus veftitur, precipue ad apicem, longa, i more thickly covered with leaves, particularly
linearia, acuminata, canaliculata, jig. 1, recur- ¥ towards the top, are long, linear, pointed, groo-
vata, fecunda. : ved, fig. 1, bent back, and turning all one
way.
PEDUNCULI unciales aut biünciales, ad bafin rubicun- $ FOOT-STALKS an inch or two inches high, towards
di, ere&i, ex uno latere caulium plerumque ori- : the bottom reddifh, upright, arifing generally
untur, aliquando vero ex apice, ut plurimum fo- 4 from the fide of the ftalks, but fometimes from
litarii, fubinde vero duo ex eodem perichzetio Y the top, moft commonly fingle, but now and
proveniunt, bafi bulbillo cylindraceo terminati,
fig. 7, qui foliis pluribus latiufculis, pilo termi-
natis, act facile feparabilibus includitur, fig. 8, 9.
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furnifhed at bottom with a cylindrical bulb, fr.
7, which is inclofed by many broadith leaves,
terminating in a hair, and eafily feparated by a
needle, fig. 8,
| ! ; 9s
CAPSUL/E oblongz et fere cylindrfacez, nunc erecta, I CAPSULES oblong and almoft cylindrical, fometimes.
nunc paululum incurvate, fig. 3; OPERCULUM upright, fometimes a little incurvated, fiz. 3 ;
roftratum, tenue, longitudine capfulz et conco- I the OrercuLuM the length of the Capfule, and
lor, fg. 43 Ora ciliata five denticulata, fig. 5 ; I of the fame colour, terminating in a long flen-
CaryeTRA ftraminea, longitudine Capfule, y der point, fg. 4 5 the Mours ciliated or furnifh-
poftquam medio difrumpitur, bafi fuo capfulam 4 ed with little teeth, fg. 5; the CarvprRA
arcle cingit, fig. 2; PorrLEN viride, fig. 6. i ftraw-coloured, the length of the Capfule, after
i burfting in the middle clofely embracing the
4 Capfule by its bafo, fig. 2; the PoLLEN green,
i Jig. 6. |
Dirrewivs very juftly remarks, that this Mofs feems to partake of the nature 6f both Bryum and Hypnum, but in
his opinion, it comes feare(t to the Bryum, and of the fame fentiment appear to be Linna&us and Necker, while
Hater, ScoroLr, and Wets, rank it among the Hypnums, and this they are led to, chiefly from the Peduncles
being furnifhed at bottom with a kind of Perichetium; but DILLENIvs very properly obferves, that although the pe-
duncle is furrounded at bottom by many /guame or folioli, yet thefe are not fimilar to what occur in the generality of
Hypnums, as they may with the point of a pin be eafily feparated from one another, and then the bafe of the peduncle
appears to be furnifhed with a du/bi/lus as in moft of the Bryums: this circumftance added to its general habit, appears
fully to jufüfy this moft excellent Botanift in placing it with the Bryums, from whence it ought not to have been fepa-
rated without more weighty reafons than have been advanced.
This Mofs diftinguifhes itfelf from moft others by its beautifull and lively verdure; when young it puts on a very
different appearance from what it has when farther advanced, being much fhorter and its leaves upright ; and DILLE-
wius has fometimes remarked in this fpecies Sre/luke faminee.
It grows in very large Clumps or Patches forming a foft and delightfull Carpet, on the banks which furround
woods, at the bottom of trees, and on heaths.
. It is found on fome parts of Hampttead heath producing its fru&tificationsin February and March.
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Bryum uNpULATUM. Cunt gp Bryum
BRYUM Linnei. Gen. Pi], CryptocAmia Musct.
Raii Syn. Gen. 3. Musct.
BRYUM (undulatum) antheris ere€tiufculis, peduncilis fubfolitariis, foliis lanceolatis carinatis undulatis paten-
tibus ferratis, Linm Syft. Vegetab. ps 797.
BRYUM foliis lanceolatis ferfatis, capfulis cylindricis inclinatis ariftatis. Haller: bifl. tom, 2: 1823.
BRYUM phyllitidifolium: farculo fimplici, foliis undato-ferrülatis, primordialibus pluniulofis. Necker. miethod,
mufcor. b. 263. crix nomen triviale a Cl. Neckero mutaretur non video, cum analogia unde no-
men ejus fumitur obfcura fit, obfervante Cl. Scopoli.
BRYUM Phyllitidis folio rügoío acuto, capfulis incurvis. Dyllen mufc. 360. tad. 46. fig. 18.
BRAUM undulatum. Scopoli. Fl. Carniol m 1301. Rau Syn. p. 95. 16. Hudfn Fi. Angl, 406. Weis
Cryptogam.196« Oceder FT. Dan. tab. 497. noftris duplo faltem minor, eum operculo nimis recto
et acuto,
SURCULI ünciales, aut biunciales, plerumque fimpli-
ces, erecti, foliofi. ,
FOLIA lanceolata, undulata, carinata, /errato-aculeata,
patentia, arefaétione involuta, fig. 1.
PEDUNCULI fimplices, (duo ex eodein furculononnun-
quami proveniunt) farculis plerumque longio-
res, erect; rubri fe 2.
CAPSULA five ANTHERA Cylindracea, incurváta, lente
vifa fubftriata, primum viridis, deinex livido-
fufca, demum rufa, fig. 3. Bafis OrERcurI1 he-
mifpheerica, rubra, apex pallida, fetacea, obtu-
fiuícula, fig. 5, Capfule Ora ciliata CrrrrS
inflexis, fig. 7; ANNuLUus ruber, fig. 6; Por-
LEN feu SEMEN viride, fig. 8.
CALYPTRA pallide fufca, acuminata, primum erecta,
flexurà capfulz difrumpitur, et recta manet, ba-
fique fuà a Captula fecedit, fg. 4.
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STALKS from one to two inches high, generally fm-
ple, upright and leafy.
LEAVES lanceolate, waved, keel-fhaped, minutely and
hharply ferrated at the edges, {preading, when
dry curling in, jig. 1.
FOOT-STALKS of the fructification fimple, (fome-
times two proceed from the fame ftalk) gene-
rally longer than the ftalks, upright, and of
a reddifh colour, fig. 2.
CAPSULE or Antuera cylindrical, incurvated, if
magnified appearing fomewhat ftriated; firft
green, then livid-brown, aud laftly of a reddifh
brown colour; fig. 3, the bottom of the Orzn-
cuLuM hemifpherical and red, the top paler,
very flender and rather blunt; jig. 5, the
Movrz of the Capfule furnifhed with CrLie
which bend inward, fig. 7; the ANNULUS or
Ringe red, fg. 63; the PoLLEN or SEED green,
fig. 8. b
CALYPTRA ofa pale brown colour, and terminating
in a long point, firft upright, afterwards by the
bending ofthe Capfule it becomes burft at bot-
tom, and remains ftrait, with its bafe at fome
little diftance from the Capfule.
Tuts fpecies of Bryum is one of the largeft we have in this Country, it produces its fru&ificanon from
November to February and may be found in moft of the woods near Town, as well as on the heaths, but
more particularly in Charlton Wood, where it abounds. |
As all its parts of fruétification are large and diftinét, the botanic Student who would inveftigate this difficult
clafs of plants, cannot with this view, felect any mofs more proper for his purpofe.
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Beyvum Hornum. Swans-neck Bnvuw.
MNIUM Linnei Gen. Pl. Cryrrocamr1a Musct. Mafculus flos pedunculatus, Femineus flos in diftincto
faepius individuo.
Rai Synopfis Gen. 3. Mvsct,
MNIUM Jorzum antheris pendulis, pedunculo curvato, furculo fimplici, foliolis margine fcabris. Linnai Sy/f.
Vegetab. 796. |
BRYUM bornum farculo capitulifero ramofiufculo: ftellifero fimplici, primordialibus plumulofis. Necker. Method.
Mufc. pe 215.
MNIUM foliis lanceolatis, imbricatis, capfulis pendulis cylindricis obtufis, Haller. bif. belv. 3. B. 54.
MNIUM Jorazum ferratifolium. Weis Cryptogam. 149.
BRYUM antheris oblongis nutantibus, pedunculo curvato, foliolis ovatis, margine fcabris. Hud/on. F7.
| Angl. b. 415.
BRYUM ftellare hornum fylvarum, Capfulis magnis nutantibus. Daillen. mu/c. 402.
BRYUM nitidum capitulis majoribus reflexis, calyptra imum vergente, pediculis oblongis e cauliculis novis
egredientibus. Rai Syn. p. 102. $1.
a C "cc C" "————————————— !—————————————SM— ——À— ——Á—ÀÀ——— a —— mca
Ad majores accedit hac fpecies. This fpecies comes near to the largeft fize.
rere
CAULES unciales aut biunciales, radiculis ferrugineis, Y STALKS from one to two inches in height, furnifhed
valde tomentofis inftructi, erecti, plerumque ra- 4 with roots which are of a ferruginous colour,
mofi, pedunculiferi et ftelliferi, ad bafin rubi- ¢ and covered with a kind of wooly fubftance, up-
cundi, STELLUL# et PEDuNCULI, nunc feorfim, Y- right and generally branched, reddifh at bottom,
nunc ex eadem radice proveniunt, unusque aut : producing both PEpuNcvrLI and STELLULE,
plures Surculi e bafi caulis femper fere naf- $ which proceed fometimes from the fame, fome-
cuntur. Y times from different roots, and one or feveral
: Surculi ufually {pring from the bottom of the ,
ftalk.
FOLIA faturate viridia, ovato-lanceolata, fuberecta, pel- í LEAVES of a deep green colour, of an oval pointed
lucida, ad lentem minute ferrata, fig. 1 ; nervo fhape, nearly upright, pellucid, when viewed
medio diftin&o et in mucronem brevem educto, with a glafs finely ferrated at the edges, fig. 13
in furculis foemineis dictis apice ftellatim expan- 1 the midrib difin&t, and terminating in a fhort.
fa, et paulo latiora, in junioribus anguftiora et Y point, on the tops of thofe ftalk, which are con-
cauli magis adprefla. t fidered as female, they are expanded like a little
i ftar and fomewhat broader, in the young fhoots .
Y they are narrower and prefled clofer to the ftalk.
PEDUNCULI terminales, biunciales, rubre, verfus a- 2; PEDUNCLES fpringing from the fummit of the ftalks,
picem ut rece obfervavit DirrENIUvs inftar 4 about two inches in height, bent near the top
colli olorimi incurvati. I like a Swans Neck as DILLENIUvs has properly
Y obferved.
CAPSULZE oblonge, tumida, virides, nutantes, lente # CAPSULES od/ong, tumid, of a green colour and droop-
aucta, jig. 75; per longitudinem feta ut Rr- } ing, magnified, fig. 7; cut longitudinally through
CEPTACULUM confpiciatur, fig. 95 CALYPTRA ¢ themiddlethatthe REcEP T AcurLuM may be feen,
fig. 93 theCaryprra long, pointed, and foon
falling off, fg. 6; the OpERcuLum fhort, ofa
yellowifh colour, fig. 8; the Mourn of the
Capfule ciliated.
longa, acuminata, caduca, jig. 6; OPERCULUM
breve, flavefcens, fg. 8; ORA ciliata.
Doce eoe or
On examining with à Microfcope the tops of thofe Stalks which are called Stellule feminee, fe. 2, and which are
confidered by many as the female parts of the fructification in this Mofs, there appeared in the center of the
Stellula, a great number of {mall upright bodies, or Corpufcles, of two kinds, fig. 3, the one white, pellucid, and
jointed; the other ofa greener colour, fhorter, and of an oblong oval fhape, vid. jig. 4, 5. They do not ap-
pear to me to have any thing in their Structure, in the leaft fimilar to any of the parts of frudtification in
plants, what their real ftructure and ufes are, may perhaps be difcovered by future obíervations.
This fpecies occurs not unfrequently on moift banks in Woods, as in Charlton Wood, and the Woods about
Hampfiead, producing its Fructifications in February and March. ,
As the Capitula pulverulenta of DiL.tLENIUS, or Spherophylli as they are called by Necker, are entirely wanting
in this Mofs, and as the exiftence of thofe fingular little heads feems very obvioufly to diftinguifh the Genus
Mnium, I have chofen rather to arrange it with Dittentus and Hupson among the Bryums, than with Linnavus
among the Mums; for if we make Mniums of all the Moffes which have Ste/lule, we fhall involve ourfelves
in confiderable difficulties: many of thofe Ste/lule are indeed very obvious, as in the prefent one, but in others
they are very obfcure, fo that it is difficult to fay whether they exift in them or not; but if they were ob-
vioufly to be diftinguifhed, there is not the leaft iikenefs between a Sre/lva and Spherophyllum, why then unite
in one Genus plants which have fuch very different appearances? Would it not be better to confider the Mofles
which produce Spherophylli or little balls as Mniums, according to DrrLENIUS, and divide the Brywms, if necef-
fary, into two! families, viz. fuch as have obvious Stel/ule, and fuch as have none ?
The name of rough Bryum, which Mr. Hupson feems to have given to this Mofs for brevity's fake, con-
veys an idea with which this Bryum does not feem perfectly to correfpond, it having no roughne/s except at the
edges of the leaves, which are minutely ferrated: I have therefore adopted DrrrrNius's name of Swans Neck
Bryum, as being juftifiable from the fingular fhape of the Peduncles, and being. more likely to be remernber-
ed from its ftrikig analogy.
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iiveNUM ProwirerumM. Protirerous Hypnum.
HYPNUM Limei Gen. Pl. CavProcAMIA Muscr.
Rau Sym. Gen. 3. Musct.
HYPNUM .Jgroliferum furcuhs proliferis, plano-pinnatis, pedunculis aggregatis. Loumei Syl. Vegetab. $. 800.
HYPNUM ramis teretibus pinnatis, pinnulis pinnatis, foliis adpreffis. Haller. bf. 3. p. 33.
HYPNUM filicinum, Tamarifci folus minoribus, non fplendentibus. Dyl/en. B. 276. icon. 35. fig. 14.
HYPNUM repens filicinum Re luteo virens. Catal Gifs. 217. Ram Synop. $. 86. m. 236. Hudfon, Fi.
Angl. b. 422. Weis Cryptogam. p. 230.
CAULES palmares ad dodrantales, repentes, hinc inde ¥ STALKS from three to nine inches in length, creep-
radiculas fufcas exferentes, faepe vero adeo in- ing on the ground, and here and there fending
tricate connexi ut humi ferpere nequeant, forth {mall brown fibres, but very often fo in-
folits ovato-acuminatis, carinatis, mucronatis, tricately connected together as to be hindered
fparfe tectis, fig. 1. horum foliolorum fuper- from creeping, thinly covered with leaves of an
ficies, microfcopio valde au&ta granulofa apparet, oval pointed fhape, having a ftrong midrib,
File which runs out to a fine point fg. 1. when
greatly magnified the furface of thefe leaves ex-
hibits“a granulated appearance fig. 2. |
BRANCHES beautifully pinnated, and bending down-
ward, of a green colour, more or lefs inclined to
yellow, according to its place of growth, and
the feafon of the year, without any glofs; the
midrib of the fame colour with the leaves and
generally thicker at its extremity; the {mail
leaves, laying one over another, and ícarce dif-
cernible to the naked eye. From the middle
of the branch or Frons moft commonly arifes
a new ftalk, or furculus, by which means this
plant is fingularly extended and propagated, and
from this circumftance it acquires the name of
Proliferous.
PEDUNCLES about an inch and a half in length, of
a bright red colour, generally about four or five,
fometimes more, fpring from the ftalk nearly to-
gether, in fome of the ftalks there is the ap-
pearance of feveral Perichetia without peduncles,
which probably arife from them the next year.
The Pericu#tTium fig. 3. which is the bafe
of the peduncle, is of an oval fhape, and co-
vered with {mall leaves which terminate in a
long flexible point. The CarsurEs or An-
THER# containing the pollen or feed fig. 4, are
incurvated, and of a brown orange colour. The
OPERCULUM jig. 6, (which fits on to the top
of the Capfule, and when the feed contained with-
in it, 1s ripe, falls off) is fhort, and pointed; the
mouth of the Capfule has two rows of Ciriz
Jig. 8. 95 the exterior row jig. 8, orange co-
loured, and diverging, the tops of them fome-
times bending a littl inward, and brittle
when dry, the interior row jig. 9, converging, |
of a membranous texture, and when very much
magnified, appearing reticulated. The PoLLEn
or SEED contained within the Capfules is green.
The CaLyprra fig. s. which partly covers the
anthera. and operculum, and firfts drops off is
of a white colour.
RAMI pulchre pinnati, deflexi, virefcentes, ad luteum
colorem plus minufve accedentes pro ratione
fitus aut anni temporis, omni [plendore deftituti,
rachis concolor, ad extremitatem plerumque
incraffatus. RAWMvuLret PrwwuLE foliolis exi-
hfümis, confertis, nudo oculo vix conípicuis
imbricatim tecti; e difco rami, aut frondis,
novus caulis aut furculus plerumque exfurgit,
unde plantula mire extenditur ac propagatur,
et hinc Prolifer vocatur.
PEDUNCULI fefquiunciales, rubri, plerumque quatuor
aut quinque, aliquando plures e caule aggrega-
tim affurgunt, etin quibufdam caulibus, Peri-
chetia plura aut potius eorum rudimenta occur-
runt, e quibus Peduncuh fequente anno proba-
| biliter nafcuntur.
PERICHETIUM fig. 3. aut bafis pedunculi,
ovatum, foliolis tenuibus pilo longo flexuofo
terminatis vefitum. CapsuLm five ANTHERE
jig. 4, que Semen aut Pollinem continent,
incurvate, ex fufco aurantiace. OprercuLuM
fig. 6, (quod collo capfulz infigitur, et femine
maturescente decidit) breve, et acumina-
tum. Orifictum Capfule duplici ferie Ciharum
inftruitur jig. 8. 9. CiLim exterires fig. 8.
aurantiace, divergentes, apicibus aliquando
paululum inflexis, et cum aridz fint fragiles ;
interiores fig. 9, convergentes, membrana reti-
culata connexa, ad quam videndam microfco-
pio opus eft. PorrEN five SEMEN viride.
CALYPTARA fig. 5. quà anthera cum fuo Operculo
partim tegituret que primum decidit albida eft.
bre Hebe re a) PAE AE DEAE DY AHP LE PAELLA OYE DIAL Qe DAE DPE DE EEE DY ALE DE DAG AED AE DED rA AR A EH ED
There ts fcarce a Wood in the environs of this City, on the borders of which this elegant fpecies of Mofs
doth not occur.
It produceth its fru&ifications from December to February; in this ftate however it is but feldom met with,
yet may be found by diligent fearching. Linnzus in one of his journies through Sweden, obferved this Mofs
growing in the thickeft Woods, obfcured with perpetual fhade, and where all other plants perifhed.
Moft of the writers who have made this clafs of plants more particularly the object of their enquiries, have gener-
ally made two diftin&t Genera of the Hypnum and Bryum, yet fo great is the affinity betwixt them, and fo much
do they run into one another, that what fome of thefe Authors call a Bryum, others denominate a Hypnum; in-
deed this divifion feems adopted more to facilitate the inveftigation of the plants of this numerous family, than from
any real natural divifion which takes place between them. ‘The difference between fome of the Hypnums and fome
of the Bryums is obvious to almof every one, but to afcertain the limits where the one begins and the other
terminates, feems a tafk too difficult for the moft accurate Botanitt. :
The principal Charaéteriftics of a Bryum according to Linneus, are, that the peduncle which fuftains the An
thera or Capfule, grows out of the top of the furculus or ftalk, and is furnifhed at its bafe with a little naked tuber-
cle or bulb; in the Hypnum on the contrary, the peduncle grows out of the fide of the ftalk and the tubercle at
its bafe is covered with leaves and called a Perichetium,
P dd
[277778
MANNA i ena
*
nn
E AG
SMG
CUN —M— E
exit MIX XY xo
In which the Plants contained in the Fourth Fafciculus are arranged according to
. 19 Vinca major
' $9 Ophrys fpiralis
-66 Phafcum acaulon
70 Agaricus velutipes
.42 Boletus lucidus
Latin Name.
1 Hippuris vulgaris
2 Veronica montana
3 Valeriana dioica
4. Scirpus. maritimus
5 Panicum viride |
6 Panicum verticillatum
7 Panicum fanguinale
8 Panicum crus galli
9 Eriophorum polyftachion
to Ernophorum vaginatum
11 .Holcus lanatus -
12 Milium effufum
13 Scabiofa arvenfis ,
14 Plantago media.
15 Afperula odorata
16 Cynogloffum officinale
17 Menyanthes trifoliata
19 Symphytum officinale
a Sy
=
Cares
eet
Ke.
m
20 Samolus valerandi .
21 Campanula rotundifolia :
22, Chironia Centaurium
23 Chenopodium hybridum,
24 Bunium Bulbocaftanum
25 Cherophyllum fylveftre
26 Myofurus minimus
27 Peplis Portula
28 Polygonum amphibium
29 Polygonum Conyolvulus.
3o Silene anglica ^...
31 Arenariatringrvia .
32 Arenaria ferpyllifolia -
33 Sedum fexangulare
34 Spergula nodofa
35 Spergula faginoides
36 Euphorbia eyigua ,
37 Clematis Vitalba
38 Ranunculus repens
39 Ranunculus hederaceus
49 Galeohdolon Galeopfis
44 Stachys arvenfis
42 Prunella vulgaris .
43 Scutellaria minor
44 Orobanche major
45 Antirrhinum Orontium .
46 Raphanus,Raphaniftrum .
47 Turritis glabra
48 Cardamine hirfuta:
49 GePanium prateníe
50 Malva mofchata : T
51 Trifolium glomeratum . —— 5
52 Hypericum quadrangulum
$3 Sonchus arvenfis
54 Hieracium Pilofella -
55 Ar&ium Lappa
«4 Cichorium Intybus
57 Bidens tripartita
59 Jafione montana
n 1 i ; | | ! i | iie n
Qa
^ [a
p—3À
fe
————M
| 1 iu | |
60 Carex riparia ©
61 Carex acuta
62 Carex gracilis
63. Parietaria officinalis
64 Equifetum arvenfe | .
65 Bryum barbatum
OSES
ITI
67 Phaícum fubulatum — s ——
68 Jungermannia complanata. - i M poete
69 Agaricus procerus a
;1 Agaricus floccofus —
pr Phallus caninus
p
j
2, , PoryANDRIA Polygynia.
the Syftem of LiNN Eus.
Clafs and Order.
MONANDRIA Monogynia.
DIANDRIA Monogynia.
TRIANDRIA Monogynia.
TRIANDRIA Digynia.
-—
Y.
aos Monog ynia.
wu NX
PENTANDRIA Monogynia.
PENTANDRIA Die
PrNTANDRIA Polygynia.
HEXANDRIA Monogynia.
OcTANDRIA Digynia.
OcTANDRIA Trigynia.
DEcANDRIA. T; igynia.
Dsca nDRIA Pentagynia.
Dovecanp RIA Trigynia.
| Dipyw AMIA Gymnefpermia.
Dipyamra Angiopernia
‘TETRADYNAMIA Siliquofa.
"MoNaApzLPHurA Decandria.
MonaApzrPHiA Polyandria.
"Diapzr.PHIiA Decandria.
_PoLyaDELPHia Polyandria.
. À Syncenzsta Polygamia Mighalis.
. SvNGENESI A Monogamia
.GywANDRIA Diandria.
MONOECIA Triandria.
Pc vend Monoecia.
"CnvPTOoGAMIA Files.
CRYPTOGAMIA Fungi.
E CaYPToGAMIA Mufci; |
ke
J
Po ay Fee yi
Latin Names of the Plants in the Fourth Fafciculus,
arranged alphabetically.
Plate.
Afperula odorata ‘ ‘ ‘ PH. =
Arenaria trinervia ; , 4 31
Arenaria ferpyllifolia . M . 32
Antirrhinum Orontium : : . | AS
Ar&ium Lappa . . . " : 55
Agaricus procerus . . . " 69
Agaricus velutipes ‘ : ; ‘ 70
Agaricus floccofus : ‘ à " 71
Bunium Bulbocaftanum " m" " 2
Bidens tripartita 7 , : e 57
Bryum barbatum : n : i 65
Boletus lucidus i , : à 72 f
Cynogloffum officinale : " TUE 16
Campanula rotundifolia ; ! : 21
Chironia Centaurium à : C ATT Ob
Chenopodium hybridum : ‘ : 23
Cherophyllum fylveftre . i i 25
Clematis Vitalba ‘ : . : 37
Cardamine hirfuta ; - ; A 48
Cichorium Intybus ; " x 5 56
Carex riparia ; : 3 " 60
Carex acuta : ‘ " : 61
Carex gracilis . 4 x 62
Eriophorum polyftachion : : 4r & vy
Eriophorum vaginatum 5 . ‘ IO
Equifetum Bero: " E " : 64
Euphorbia exigua ; zs ee MENS TITO
Geranium pratenfe ^ d - used ees aa 5
Galeobdolon Galeopfis uat GU VM “40
Holcus lanatus : NR Eua" QUA TOR
Hypericum quadrangulum ONSE: ; 52
Hieracium Pilofella " ico wor SE UU EE EPA
Hippuris vulgaris ; . ° . I
Jafione montana . e OVE RNC .-
Jungermannia complanata ib" abit aii Santee
Milium effufum . ^ "Yon 12
Menyanthes trifoliata UR coe de al oe mW
Myofurus minimus EAECUAUE . «26
Malva mofchata , ^ ENTERS “50
Ophrys fpiralis QUET A - ; 59
Orobanche major : : : eet En dia
Panicum viride " ues mut A The wv (r1 Cs
Panicum verticillatum. 1 3 - 6
Panicum fanguinale ; : . . 7
Panicum Crus galli . "axe, ATMA VOTED
Plantago media x . . . I4
Peplis Portula : : eta pee
Polygonum amphibium : arci emp ego o
Polygonum Convolvulus : . : .2g
Prunella vulgaris ; "goa ee Run pl" 7
Parietaria officinalis TO. eA oe ten MER O05
.Phafcum acaulon ET lir dan Nr v, MUR 11
.Phafcum fubulatum ea dA cae: os,
Phallus caninus . . , ; a) 72
Ranunculus repens WO ee es ARN
Ranunculus hederaceus Phe TE nn ia ce uoa
Raphanus Raphaniftrum = : . 46
Scirpus maritimus . suba awwanaorsl
Scabiofa arvenfis t sao aei tru aus 2
Symphytum of officinale ; ip^ no apr eld im
Samolus valerandi TE: TEUER |
Silene anglica ; eb NT ti ers
Spergula nodofa . z . INR 2:
Spergula faginoides ^ Us T n Vice
Sedum fexangulare E i UT PE
Stachys MEUS 2 ; Re iei 4^
Scutellaria minor . "a abe rA IX4A OO TTY 2:332
Sonchus arvenfis ; . . . 53!
Turritis glabra } " y" f 47
Trifolium glomeratum . ; ; 51.
Veronica montana ‘ au eh ee Ae
Valeriana dioica ; e iced b sad.
Vinca major E : . : 19:
IN B.EIX. hi
En glifh Names of therPlants ih the Fourth Fat
ciculus, .arranged alphabetically.
d
1 Plate.
ARCHANGEL yellow " ‘ y 40
Bryum bearded à "e A { 65
Buckwuea? climbing ‘ V . 29
BuckBEAN ‘ : : é i E.
BRooM-RAPE common ! ; ^ 44.
DELL-rLowER heath m s x 21
Borgrvs lacquer'd j ! ) 75
Burpock : e" ^ i Er.
CAREX great or common . 4 2 60
CAREX acute i [ 2 61
Carex flender- “{piked b 3 1 62
CLUB-RUSH round-rooted or fea ; : 4
Cow-PeARSLY common , [ i 25
‘CuickweEep plantain-leaved s . 3t
-CHICKWEED thyme-leaved . § ^ 32
CaTcn-FLY Englifh : ‘ : 30
CRANES=BILL crowfoot : : : 49
CnowrooT ivy-leaved ee - f 39
CRowrooT creeping” : . 2 38
CENTAURY J — . : 22
CoMFREY-—- |. . =< 3 R i 18
'CorToN-cRAss many- desdedu : 1 9
Cor ToN-cnAss fingle-headed ; : 10
EARTH-NUT ning 3 3 24
' GoosE-rooT thorn- -apple-leaved . " ae
-HouNDs-TONGUE wily i : 16
HoopED-wiLLOW-HERE frall í l 43
HonsE-T AIL corn npe $ i VAT ry
HgM?-Aen1iMONY trifid fig j Wy Ls.
jJuNcERMANNI1A-flat VT : ; 68
Lapies-smocx hairy -- ~~ " : 48
| LADIES-TRACES =~ .— . ° el. 89
. MoUsE-T A1E c 4e | SHCY é 26
" MovsE-EAR aque —À 3u t 54
MAREs*TATL NL j . L
.Musuroom fhaggy ~~ ^ l b 7I
MusHRoom pelvet-ftabicods INS rt ‘ 70
| Musnroom tall M sig i ~ 69
MILLET-GRASS wood- - . eno ? 12
Marrow mufk ai n . 50
MonzELr -red-headed- . xHgosL " 73
PuRSLANE water —(—X—— » : 27
PHAscUM-common - oa s " 66
_PHaseum heath —— : DE
PANIC*GRASS green T RE 1 5
Panic-crass rough = . ; : 6.
Panic-erass loofe— ME onn ^ 1 8
Pawic-emwAsscocksfoot ———. —— ^ Jj 7
PLANT AIN hoary Pet : UNE 4
Persicarta amphibious «o0 Slusdr TO 28
PERRYWINELE great “=a. ; . i 19
PeLLiTory of the-wall : erotic, à 63
Rapismwild ——— 0. ruuusausis : I 46
SPEEDWELL mountain “=~. af sree ee
| Sr. Jogw's-won T fquare-ftalk' d. Als 2 52
| SELF! eae 15 2 42
i| Sor T-Gn 4ss-meadow — ; ably 24M if
+ Snap-pracon {mall ——-« , 4 45
ScABIOUs field e "NE UL ni 13
Sow'rHisTLE-corn v—— 5. GL ava 53
SpuRRY knotted - o, oe, ^ 34
| Sem pearlwert—.. |. “=~: T ds) 136
| STACHYs-eorn ‘ x é 2 41
SpurGe {mall —— diede ge 36
SHEEPS-seaBious hairy ».. MERE , 58
Succory-blue e fe : T. 56
Sronecrop-infipid. MET. i - ° - 33
Towrr-mMustTarD {meoth ^ '. A " 47
TRAVELLERS JOY it) 3 Jute 37
TREFOIL round-headed-— . . T 4 ; 51
VALerreanmarly |o. .. ee : Ut Ps
WOooDRUFF ; M . PT Is
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INDEX TO PLATES FROM CURTIS: FLORA LONDINENSIS
TITLE PLATE VOLUME
Agrimony 52
Agrostis Sheep's fescue-leaved 12
Aira sweet tafted water 5
Allfeed 17
All heal $5
Anemone, mountain $5
Anemone Wood 58
Arhangel, yellow 40
Avens, common $6
Barley-Grass wall 9
Bastard - Bolm $9
Bedstraw, Yellow 1$
Bell-Flower, heath re
Betony wood $$
Bird's-eye 14
Bird's-foot, common 55
Bird's-foot -Trefoil, common 56
Bistort, common 22
Blink's 8
Blite, stinking 20
Blue-bottle Corn 62
Boletus, lacquered 72
Brome-Grass, barren 9
Brome-grass, diandrous o
Brome-grass, hairy stalk'd 8
Brome-Grass, soft 8
Brome-Grass, tall 7
$
ól
Brook-lime
Broom, common
Broom-Hope, common 44
Bryus, bearded 65
Bryum, broom 69
Bryum, brown 70
Bryum, curled 70
Bryum, Green 7l
Bryum, awl-shaped 66
Bryum, matted 68
Bryum, silvery 67
Bryum, swan's neck 71
Backbean 17
Buckwheat, climbing 29
Bugle, common 43
Bugloss, field 17
Burdock 55
06 d» Cn ?O is i. E O3 01 O1 7O F2. YE i d O1 70 O1 2 TO. O) B2. uS. O) Ci C3 I2. 00. O) Oo OX if. OO» Cn 00 i. fO Oo CX 10 F2. O» Cn
Burnet 64
do
INDEX TO PLATES FROM CURTIS: FLORA LONDINENSIS
Burr-Reed, great 66
Burr-keed, small 67
Butter beer — 59
Calamint, field 40
Campion, red 32
Carex, acute 61
Carex, great or common Mis 60
Carex, pendulous 6$
Carex, slender-spiked 62
Carex, turgid 68
Catch-Fly, English 30
x ‘Catstail, broad—leaved 61
: Catstail, narrow-leaved 62
Caucalis corn 23
Caucalis hedge 2g
Centaury 22
Chamomile corn 63
Charlock . 47
Chickweed, common . 20
Chickweed, EE reared 51
Chickweed, thyme-lesved . $2
Cinquefoil, common $7
Cistus, dwarf 26
Cistus, spotted-flowered ! 85
Clary s
Clesvers, Common. UE.
Clover 47
Clover, Dutch | 46.
Clover, yellow 49
Club-Rush (round-footed or fea) | 4
Cockle | | 2T
Coltsfoot 60
Comfrey | | 18
Convoloulus, field 13
Convoloulus, large white 13
Corn-marygold ——— 60
Corn-Seled 4
CLERI AM VUA UB ae | 9
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Wiese LLATNSÉ, Doinied
f "NA A moked, heudow
itii:
(continued)
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INDEX TO PLATES FROM CURTIS: FLORA LONDINENSIS (continued)
Crane!s-bill, small-flowered
Crane's Bill, stinking
Crowfoot, celery—leaved
Crowfoot, corn
Crowfoot, creeping
Crowfoot, ivy—leaved
Crowfoot, pale-leaved
Crowfoot, round-rooted
Crowfoot, upright meadow
Crowfoot, wood
Cuckow-pint
Cymbalaria, Ivy—leaved
Daisy, common
Dandelion, common
Dandelion, deficient
Dandelion, rough
Deadly Nightshade
Dead—Nettle, purple
Dead-Nettle, white
Devil's bit
Doek, broad-leeved
Dock, curled
Dock, narrow-lesved
Dock, sharp-pointed
Draba, verval
Duvale
Earth-Nut
Eider, dwarf
Enchenters-Nightshade, Common
Erigeron, purple
Everlasting-Pea, Narrow-Leaved
Eyebright, common :
Eyebright, red.
Fescue-grass, darnel
Fescue-grass, flote
Fescue-grass, meadow
Fescue-grass, tall
Figwort, water
Flax, Common
Flax, purging
Flax, yellow.
Fleabane, common
Fleabane, small
Flowering-Rush
Fluellin, round-lesved
Fluellin, sharp-pointed
Fools-Parsley
Foxglove, Purple
Foxtail-Grass, field
Foxtail-Grass, pointed
Foxtail-Grass, meadow
Fritillary, Üommon
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INDEX TO PLATES FROM CURTIS: FLORA LONDINENSIS (continued)
Frog-bit
Fumitory, Common
Fumitory, ramping
Gallopsis, particloured
Germender, Sage-lesved
Golden-Saxifr&ge, Common
Good King Henry
Goosefoot, Nettle-leaved
Goosefoot, purple-jointed
Goose-FootThorn-apple-lesved
Goosefoot, small-seeded
Goosefoot, white
Ground-ivy
Groundsell, common
Heir-grass, early
Hair-grass, silver
Harts-Tongue
Hawkweed, bushy -
Hawkweed, longrooted
Hawkweed, small flowered
Heath, Common
Heath Croes-leaved
Heath, fine-leaved
Hedge-Mustard
Hellebore, green
Hemlock
Hemp—Agrimony Nodding
Hemp-Agrimony, Trifid
Henbit
Honeysuckle, Common
Hooded-Willow-Herb Common
Hooded-Willow-Herb (small)
Horned-Poppy, red
Horse-lail Corn,
Hottonia, Water
Hounds - Tongue
Houseleek
Hyacinth, English
Hydnum ear—picker
Hypnum, meadow
Hypnum, proliferous
Hypnum, silky
Ivy
Jangermannia, flat
Knot-Grass, common
Ladies-Smock, common
Ladies—Smock, hairy
Ladies-Smock, bitter
Ladies - traces
Lathyrus, Crimson
Lettuce, Wild
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INDEX TO PLATES FROM CURTIS: FLORA LONDINENSIS
Lily of the Valley 24
Lobelia, Acrid ~ 63
Loosestrife, purple-spiked £8
Loosestrife, Yellow 19
Lung-wort fea 18
Mallow, common ol
Mallow, musk 50
Mallow, round leaved 43
Mare's—tail 1
Marjoram, wild 39
Marsh-Marigold 40
Meyweed, stinking 61
Meadow-grass, hard 4
Meadow-grass, procumbent Hk
Meadowrgrass, reflexed 10
meadow-grass, rough-stelk'd 6
Meadow-grass, smooth-stalk'd 5
meadow-grass, water Le
Meadow-Sweet $5
Medick hop 57
Melic-Grass, blue ll
Melic-Grass, mountain 4
Melic-Grass, Singleflowered 10
Mercury , Annual 68
Mercury Dogs . 65
Millet-Grass-Wood 12
Mithridate—Mustard 45
Money wort 14
Moneywort wood 18
Morell, red-headed TS
Morell, Stinking 72
Moschatel, tuberous 26
Mouse-e&r 54
Mouseesr-chickweed,broadleaved $5
mousear-chickweed, common $4
mouse-ear Chickweed, corn 29
Mouse-Esr Chickweed, dwarf $0
Mousear- Chickweed, least $8
Mouse&r-Chickweed, Marsh 24
Mousear-—Chickweed, tetandrous 21
Mousear-scorpion grass 18
Mouse-tail 26
Mushroom, egg 73
Mushroom, fleshy 71
mushroom, orange 69
Mushroom, oyster 71
Mushroom, plaited 70
Mushroom, puckered TZ
Mushroom, shaggy fih
mushroom, slimy 69
Mushroom, tall 69
Mushroom, velvet stalk'd 70
Mushroom,
verdigris
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INDEX TO PLATES FROM CURTIS: FLORA LONDINENSIS (continued)
Mushroom, warty 72 5
Mustard, white 46 5
Nettle-hedge $4 $
Nettle, great 69 6
Nettle, small 70 6
Nightshade, garden 14. 2
Nightshade, woody 14 a
Nipplewort, common 59 1
Oategrass, tall 6 3
Oat-grass, yellow 5 $
Ophrys, man 66 6
Ophrys, green winged 67 6
Orach, spe&r-leaved 66 2
Orchis Bee 66 x
Orchis, butterfly 65 6
Orchis, early spotted 62 e
Orchis, great 64 6
Orchis, marsh 65 5
Orchis, meadow 59 ó
Orpine 29 ó
Oxeye, common 62 5
Ox-tongue 51 $
Panic-grass, cocksfoot 7 4
Panic-grass, green o à
Panic-grass, loose 8 4
Panic-grass, rough 6 4
Pansie, wild 65 1
Pea wood 38 a
Pearlwort, Annuel 14 5
Pearlwort, procumbent lg $
Pearlwort, upri;nt : 12 E
Pellitery of the Wall 63 . 4
Peloria 41 6
Penny—cress 43 6
Penny-wort, marsh T9 6
Perrywinkle, great 19 4
Periwinkle, small 16 $
Persicaia, amphibious . 28 4
Persic&fis, biting 26 1
Persicaria, small and creeping <8 i
Persicaria, spotted leaved wo TE
Persicaria, spotted stalk'd 20 al
Persicaria, paleflowered 24 a:
Phascum, common 66. 4
Phasaum, heath 67. 4
Pheasant!s-eye 57 &
Pilewort 39 2
Pimpernel, bastard 1l $
Pimpernel, bog 18 $
Pimpernel, common i 1g. 23
Pink, -meadow 55 HE
Plantain, common Tee g
Plantain, hoary 14 4
Plantain, narrow-ieaved 10 o
mh,
INDEX TO PLATES FROM CURTIS: FLORA LONDINENSIS
Poa, common dwarf
P&dded-mousear
Polypody, common
Polytrichum, dwarf
Pondweed, curled
Poppy long prickly-headed
Poppy, long smooth-headed
Poppy, smooth round—headed
Prenanthes
Prim
Primrose
Privet
Purslane, water
Radish, wild
Ragwort, hoary
Robert, herb
Rocket, London
Rocket, Stinking
Rocket, water
Rock-eress
Rose dog
Rush, great hoary wood
Rush, hairy field
Rush, small hairy wood
Sage, wild
St. John'sWort,Common
St. John's-Wort, Hairy
St. John's-Wort, Small Upright
St. John's-Wort, square stalk'd
St. John's Wort, trailing
Bauce-alone
Saxifrage, Marsh
Saxifrage, Purple
Saxifrage, rue-leaved
Saxifrage, white
Seabrious, field
Scandix, rough-seeded
Selfheal
Sheeps—Scabious-hairy
Shepherds—Needle
Shepherd! s-Purse
Sherardia, field
Silver-weed
Snap-Dragon, small
Sneesewort
Snowflake, Summer
Soft-—Grass Creeping
Soft-—Grass , Meadow
Sopwwort
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INDEX TO PLATES FROM CURTIS:
Sorrel sheeps
Sowthistle, common
Sowthistle, Corn
Sowthistle tree
Spearwort, small
Speedwell, bog
Speedwell, germander leaved
Speedwell, ivy-leaved
Speedwell, male
Speedwell, mountain
Speedwell, procumbent Garden
Speedwell, smooth-leaved
Speedwell, trifid
Speedwell, wall
Speedwell, water
Spleenwort, rough
Spurge, fun
Spurge, small
Spurge, small garden
Spurrey Corn
Spurry, knotted
Spurry, pearlwort
Squill, Autumnal
Stchys Corn
Stickwort, bog
Stickwort, Greater
Stonecrop, common yellow
Stonecrop, insipid
Stonecrop, thick-leaved
Stonecrop, white flowered
Strawberry, barren
Succory, blue
Succory Hawkweed, smooth
Teasel, Small
Teasel, wild
Thistle, cursed
Thistle, marsh
Thistle, milk
Thistle, prickliest
Thistle, slender-flowered
thornapple
Thyme, basil
thyme, wild
Tine-Tare, rough-padded
Tine-Tare, smooth padded
Tosd Flax, common yellow
Toad-Flax, least
Tormentil
Tower-Mustard, Smooth
Travellers Joy
Irefoil birds-foot true
Trefoil, horsefoot
PESESHT BRBeunbent
FLORA LONBINENEIS
(continued)
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Trefoil " —"
Trefoil, round-headed
Trefoil strawberry
Trefoil, subterraneous
Tutsan
Iwayblade
co Eada Marsh.
V&lenian, wild
Vernal-Grass, sweet~scented
OE mine (round-leaved)
a ;er-Plentain, Greater
Water-Plantain, Starry—headed
Water-Radish, Annual
Willow, bitter
Willow, three-threaded
Willow-herb, hoary
Willow-herb wood
illow-herb, largeflowered
Willow-herb, rosebay
Willow-herb, squarestalk'd
Woodruff
mute
EX TO PLATES FROM CURTIS:
FLORA LONDINENSIS
(contimed)
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