An introduction to the Trochilidae, or family of humming-birds

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INTRODUCTION

TO

THE TROCHILIDA,

OR

FAMILY OF HUMMING-BIRDS.

BY

JOHN GOULD, F.R.S., &c. &c.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR,
BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
1861.

[The Author reserves to himself the right of Translation. |

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TO

HER ROYAL HIGHNESS

THE CROWN PRINCESS OF PRUSSIA,
PRINCESS ROYAL OF ENGLAND,
THIS WORK,
THE TROCHILIDA,

OR

FAMILY OF HUMMING-BIRDS,

IS, WITH PERMISSION,
DEDICATED

BY HER ROYAL HIGHNESS’S

MOST OBEDIENT AND FAITHFUL SERVANT,

JOHN GOULD.

NOTICE.

As the Introduction to my “ Monograph of the Trochilidz ”
involved much intricate and laborious investigation, parti-
cularly with regard to the synonymy of the various species,
I have been induced to have it set up in octavo for the faci-
lity of correction. From this draft, as it were, it has been
reprinted in large type for the folio work. Believing that in
its present form it might be interesting and useful to many
of my scientific friends and others, I have had a limited
number of copies printed for distribution among them. It
must not, however, be regarded as a complete history of the
family, but merely as an introduction to, and a revision of,
the genera: the history of the species must be sought for in
the folio work. At the same time it contains a considerable
amount of information which has been acquired since the com-
mencement of the publication, together with many additions
to the synonymy; these are indicated by prefixed asterisks,
the synonyms not so distinguished being merely an abbre-
viated reprint of those which have already appeared in the
folio edition. As it is not to be expected that persons un-
connected with science should be conversant with the abbre-

viations of the names of the authors and the titles of the

a

‘ NOTICE.

works referred to, a fully detailed list of these has been added

for their information.
In an early page I have stated that the family consisted of

nearly 400 species; but it will be found that 416 are enume-
rated, 360 of which are figured. About 400 species are con-
tained in my own collection, and these will be at all times
accessible to men of science for the purposes of examination

and comparison.

London, 26 Charlotte Street,
Bedford Square, W.C.,
Sept. 1, 1861.

PREFACE.

Tuar early impressions of the mind are vividly retained, while events
of the day flit from our memory, must have been experienced by
every one. How vivid, then, is my recollection of the first Hum-
ming-Bird which met my admiring gaze! with what delight did 1
examine its tiny body and feast my eyes on its glittering plumage!
This early impression, I well remember, gradually increased into an
earnest desire to attain a more intimate acquaintance with the lovely
group of birds to which it pertained, and was still further strengthened
when an opportunity was afforded me of inspecting the, at that time,
unique collection of the Trochilide formed by the late Mr. George
Loddiges, of Hackney. This gentleman and myself were imbued with
a kindred spirit in the love we both entertained for this family of
living gems. To describe the feeling which animated us with regard
to them is impossible; it can, in fact, only be realized by those who
have made Natural History a study, and who pursue the investi-
gation of its charming mysteries with ardour and delight. That
our enthusiasm and excitement with regard to most things become
lessened, if not deadened, by time, particularly when we have ac-
quired what we vainly consider a complete knowledge of the subject,
is, I fear, too often the case with most of us; not so, however, I
believe with those who take up the study of the Family of Humming-
Birds. Certainly I can affirm that such is not the case with my-
self; for the pleasure which I experience on seeing a Humming-Bird
is as great at the present moment as when I first saw one. During
the first twenty years of my acquaintance with these wonderful works
of creation, my thoughts were often directed to them in the day, and
my night dreams have not unfrequently carried me to their native
forests in the distant country of America.

In passing through this world I have ened that when in-
quirers of a strong will really set themselves to attain a definite object,
they generally accomplish it ; and in my own case the time at length
arrived when I was permitted to revel in the delightof seeing the Hum-
ming-Birds in a state of nature, and to observe their habits in the
ponds onl among the great flowering trees of the United States of
America and in Canada. For some time a single Humming-Bird was
my constant companion during days of toil by road and rail, and I
ultimately succeeded in bringing a living pair within the confines of

B

il

the British Islands, and a single individual to London, where it lived
for two days, when, from the want of proper food or the change of
climate, it died.

Although so enthusiastically attached to the subject, I should not
have formed a collection of the Trochilide, or attempted an account of
their history, had not my late friend Mr. George Loddiges (whose
many excellences are too universally known to need any comment
from me) been prematurely removed from among us. Prior to his
lamented death, whatever species I procured from my various cor-
respondents were freely placed at his disposal; and his collection
was then unrivalled, and the pride of the owner as well as of his
country, so far as a private collection could be considered of national
importance. It was not until after Mr. Loddiges’ decease that I
determined upon forming the collection I myself possess, which now
far surpasses every other, both in the number of species and exam-
ples. Ten years ago this collection was exhibited for a short time in
the Gardens of the Zoological Society in the Regent’s Park, and, I
believe, afforded unmixed delight to the many thousands who visited
those Gardens in the memorable year 1851. Many favourable notices
of it appeared in the periodicals of the day ; and my friend Mr. Martin
published a small popular work in express reference to it. During
the period which has since elapsed I have been unceasing in my en-
deavours to obtain every species which has been discovered by the
enterprising travellers of this country, of Germany, of France, and of
America. It would be invidious were I to extol the exertions of one
more than those of another, nor could I do so without committing
injustice; for the travellers of all these countries have shown equal
intrepidity in their endeavours to bring to light the hidden treasures
of the great primeeval forests of the New World. Some of them, such
as Azara, Spix, Bullock, De Lattre, Floresi, Dyson, Hoffmann, and
Matthews (the discoverer of the wonderful Loddigesia mirabilis), are
no longer among us: of those living who have paid especial attention
to the Humming-Birds I may mention the names of Prince Maximilian
of Wied, Waterton, Gosse, Warszewicz, Linden, Bridges, Jameson,
Wallace, Bates, Darwin, Reeves, Hauxwell, Skinner, Bourcier, Sallé,
Salvin, Fraser, Gundlach, Bryant, Montes de Oca, &c. It is to these
men, living and dead, that science is indebted for a knowledge of so
many of these “gems of creation ;” and it is by their exertions that
such collections as Mr. Loddiges’ and my own have been formed. I
regret exceedingly that I have not seen so much of this lovely group
of birds in a state of nature as I could have wished: the traveller and

ili

the historian seldom go together ; and in this instance it would have
been impossible. The constant personal attention and care necessary
for the production of such a work as ‘A Monograph of the Tro-
chilidae’ could only be given in a metropolis; for in no other place
could such a publication be accomplished without a greatly increased
expenditure both of time and money: it is only in capitals like
London and Paris, that undertakings of this nature can be carried
out successfully ; for nowhere else are the requisite talents and ma-
terials to be obtained.

I feel that I am greatly indebted to those who have honoured this
work with their support for their kindness and the patience with
which they have continued with me to its completion—the more espe-
cially as, owing to the discovery of so many new species since its com-
mencement, it has extended far beyond its expected limits. I am also
especially indebted to those persons connected with its production, by
whose assistance I have been enabled to bring so great an under-
taking to a satisfactory close. To my artist Mr. Richter, to Mr. Prince,
and to Mr. Bayfield (all names connected with my former works), I owe
many thanks. To the projectors and publisher of ‘ Curtis’s Botanical
Magazine’ I am indebted also for many hints and for permission to
copy parts of some of their plates of the flowering plants of those
districts of South America which are frequented by Humming-Birds.
In case the merits of this work should be unknown to some of my
subscribers, it is generally acknowledged that its production reflects
equal credit upon its Editors Sir William Jackson Hooker and Mr.
Smith, to the artist Mr. Fitch, and to its publisher Mr. Lovell Reeve.

Numerous attempts had been made at various times to give some-
thing like a representation of the glittering hues with which this
group of birds are adorned, but all had ended m disappointment ;
and the subject seemed so fraught with difficulty that I at first
despaired of its accomplishment. I determined, however, to make
the trial, and, after a series of lengthened, troublesome, and costly
experiments, I have, I trust, partially, if not completely succeeded.
Similar attempts were simultaneously carried on in America by
W. M. L. Baily, Esq., who with the utmost kindness and liberality
explained his process to me; and although I have not adopted it, I
must in fairness admit that it is fully as successful as my own. I
shall always entertain a lively remembrance of the pleasant day I
spent with this gentleman in Philadelphia. It was in his company
that I first saw a living Humming-Bird in a garden which has become
classic ground to all true Americans, from the pleasing associations

B 2

iv

connected with its former possessor, the great and good Bartram,
and from its having been one of the haunts of the celebrated Wilson,
than whom no one has written more pleasingly on the species of this
family which inhabits that part of North America, the Trochilus
colubris.

It now becomes my pleasing duty to place on record the very
valuable assistance in the production of this work with which I
have been favoured by the Directors of Public Museums and private
individuals. Of these the foremost on the list must be the names of
M. Jules Bourcier, of Paris, and Thomas Reeves, Esq., of Rio de
Janeiro. Both these gentlemen have made extensive collections of
specimens, and have had numerous drawings prepared for the express
purpose of publishing works on the subject, which with the utmost
liberality have been placed at my disposal. To M. Bourcier, than
whom no one possesses a more intimate acquaintance with this group
of birds, I am likewise indebted for much valuable information which
has been at all times rendered with the utmost willingness and
promptitude. My thanks are also due to the Trustees and the
Keepers of the Zoological Department of the British Museum ; to
the Director of the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes at Paris; to
Dr. Peters, Director of the Royal Zoological Museum of Berlin ;
to George Ure Skinner, Esq., long resident in Guatemala; to that
intrepid traveller M. Warszewicz, now Director of the Botanic Garden
at Cracow, who, during his travels in South America, brought to light
more new species of Humming-Birds than any other explorer; to my
friends Sir William Jardine, Bart.; W.C. L. Martin, Esq.; T.C.
Eyton, Esq.; Dr. Sclater; Alfred Newton, Esq.; M. Edouard Ver-
reaux, of Paris; G. N. Lawrence, Esq., of New York ; and Dr. Baird,
of Washington ; to Edward Wilson, Esq., to Sigismund Rucker, Esq.,
F. Taylor, Esq., of Liverpool ; William Tucker, Esq., of Trinidad ;
and to T. F. Erskine, Esq., for the readiness with which they have
at all times favoured me with both information and the loan of spe-
cimens. To Miss Loddiges and her brother Mr. Conrad Loddiges,
I am under considerable obligations for the facility of access they
have always afforded me to the very valuable collection formed by
their lamented father. Nor must the name of another valuable friend
—the late Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte —be omitted from the
list of those who took great interest in the present work, he having at
all times rendered me that scientific assistance which his vast and
varied talents so well enabled him to afford.

September 1, 1861.

INTRODUCTION.

THE question has often been asked, whence the term Humming-
Bird has been derived, why the bird is so called. I may state
in reply that, owing to the rapid movement of the wings of most of
the members of this group, but especially of the smaller species, a
vibratory or humming sound is produced while the bird is in the air,
which may be heard at the distance of several yards, and that it is
from this circumstance that the trivial name by which these birds
are known in England has arisen. In France they are recognized
by the terms Oiseau-Mouche and Colibri ; in Germany their common
appellation is Kolibri ; by the Dutch they are called Kolibrieve ; by
the Spaniards Pica flores and Tomino; by the Portuguese Tomeneco
and Beija-flor ; in the neighbourhood of Xalapa they are known by
the names of Chupa-rosa and Chupa-myrta, Rose-sucker and Myrtle-
sucker ; by the Creoles of the Antilles and Guiana they are known by
the names of Murmures, Bourdons, and Frou-frous. From the Mexi-
cans, Peruvians, and other nations of South America they have re-
ceived various appellations, such as Ourissia, huitziteil, tzitztototl,
guanumbi, quinti or quintiut, quindé, visicilin, pigda, and courbiri ;
all terms of a metaphorical character, signifying “ rays of the sun,”
«tresses of the day-star,” ‘‘ murmuring birds,” &c.

Linneeus applied to the whole of the species known to him the
generic appellation of Z’rochilus, a name given to some fabulous little
bird by the ancients, and whence is derived the family designation of
TrocHitipx. By Brisson, a contemporary of Linneus, the terms
Polytmus and Mellisuga were proposed ; but with respect to some of
the thirty-six species described by him, as well as by the older writers,
such as Seba, Marcgrave, Willoughby, Ray, &c., it is extremely diffi-
cult, if not impossible, to determine what they really were. We may,
however, fairly commence our investigations with a greater chance of
accuracy from the date when the great Swedish naturalist commenced
his labours. By him twenty-two species were enumerated in the twelfth
edition of his ‘Systema Nature.’ In Gmelin’s, or the thirteenth
edition, the list is increased to sixty-seven. Of these I have deter-
mined about two-thirds; the remainder must for ever continue involved
in mystery, and their names be erased from our scientific works—the
descriptions being extremely meagre, and the synonyms occasionally
referring to figures of very different species. In some instances, even,
the species are attributed to countries where Humming-Birds are never
found ; while in others, such as that of the Harlequin Humming-Bird,
the characters are taken from a plate which must have been drawn
from imagination and not from any real specimen, These are a few
of the difficulties which a naturalist has to encounter when access to

2

the types cannot be obtained. I think it necessary to make this
statement as a reason for not quoting all the names given by the
older authors. Wherever they could be with certainty determined, they
have been quoted under the species to which they are believed to
refer. The numerous divisions which more modern writers have
deemed it necessary to propose will be given in the proper place.

Latham, who added little or nothing to the previously recorded
notices of this group of birds, enumerated sixty-five species in his
‘Index Ornithologicus,’ published in 1790, and ninety-five in the third
volume of his ‘ General History of Birds,’ which appeared in 1822.
Of these about two-thirds are real species, the remainder cannot
be determined, as they are so indefinitely described that it is im-
possible to ascertain whether they are species or not.

In 1802 the ‘ Oiseaux dorés,’ the great French work of Audebert
and Vieillot, was given to the world. In it, besides figures of all the
Jacamars and Promerops then known, were included seventy plates
of Humming-Birds. These plates represent species which, though
then rare, are now extremely common, and which, although not so
numerous as those contained in the later work of Latham, had the
advantage of being illustrated in a manner which was intended to
convey some idea of their brilliancy. In most instances the species
may be recognized; in others they are doubtful. Independently of
the illustrations above-mentioned these authors attempted to explain
the laws which produce the splendid colouring of certain parts of
these beautiful birds, and have given a plate illustrative of their views
on the subject.

In 1823 appeared the second part of the ornithological portion of
the ‘Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des Trois Régnes de la
Nature,’ by Bonnaterre and Vieillot, with an enumeration of ninety-
four species of Humming-Birds, but no additional information as
to their habits and manners. A few years later (between 1829 and
1833) appeared M. Lesson’s well-known works, the ‘ Histoire Na-
turelle des Oiseaux-Mouches,’ ‘ Histoire Naturelle des Colibris,’ and
‘Les Trochilidées,’—publications which added considerably to our
previous knowledge of the group, although they enumerate no more
than 110 species. How little progress, then, had been made towards
an intimate acquaintance with these lovely birds between the date of
the twelfth edition of the ‘Systema Naturze’ and that of the last-
named publications, a period of more than seventy years !

If the illustrious Humboldt paid no very marked attention to the
Trockihde, he must have noticed many of the fine species lately
brought to light; and it is therefore somewhat surprising that he
should have been so remarkably silent respecting them when writing
the ‘Personal Narrative’ of his travels in the new world. It is to
him and to his associate Bonpland, however, that I consider we are
indebted for our acquaintance with many of them; for the perusal
of the interesting account of their enterprising travels has doubtless
created a desire in others to follow in their footsteps. Thus suc-
ceeding travellers, who have not been slow to perceive how wonder-
fully different are the productions of the great Andean ranges from

3

those of the other parts of South America have ever been active in
forming and transmitting to Europe collections in nearly every depart-
ment of science, and no objects have been more assiduously sought for
than the flying gems which constantly greeted them at every turn and
must have been always before their eyes. Among the most eminent
travellers who have succeeded Humboldt are D’Orbigny, Schom-
burgk, Tschudi, Castelnau, Burmeister, and others, who, with
more recent but less known explorers, have added so largely to our
knowledge of the Trochilida. Both Frenchmen and Belgians have
proceeded to South America to procure supplies of these birds; and
dealers from those countries have established themselves in some of
the cities of that part of the world for the like purpose. From Sta.
Fé de Bogota alone many thousands of skins are annually sent to
London and Paris, and sold as ornaments for the drawing-room and
for scientific purposes. The Indians readily learn the art of skinning
and preserving, and, as a certain amount of emolument attends the
collecting of these objects, they often traverse great distances to pro-
cure them; districts more than a hundred miles on either side of Bo-
gota are strictly searched ; and hence it is that from these places alone
we receive not less than seventy species of this family of birds. In
like manner the residents of many parts of Brazil employ their slaves
in collecting, skinning, and preserving them for the European mar-
ket; and many thousands are annually sent from Rio de Janeiro,
Bahia, and Pernambuco. They also supply the inmates of the con-
vents with many of the more richly coloured species for the manu-
facture of artificial-feather flowers. How numerous, then, must these
birds be in their native wilds, and how wonderfully must they keep

in check the peculiar kind of insect life upon which they principally

feed! which is, doubtless, one of the objects for which they were
designed. After these few cursory remarks I proceed to give a
general history of the group, the range and distribution of the species,
and such additional information as I have acquired during the course
of my labours.

“<The first mention which is made of the Humming-Birds,” says
M. Lesson, “ in the narratives of the adventurers who proceeded
to America, not with the design of studying its natural productions,
but for the discovery of gold, dates from 1558, and is to be found in
‘Les Singularités de la France Antarctique ’ (Brazil) of André
Thevet and Jean de Lery, companions of La Villegaignon, who at-
tempted in 1555 to found a French colony there; but these super-
ficial accounts would not have unfolded their natural history, had not
the old naturalists who published their observations at the commence-
ment of the seventeenth century taken care to make them better
known; and we find some good accounts of them in the voluminous
compilation of Nieremberg, in the collection of fragments from the
great works of Hernandez or Fernandez, and in those of Piso.
Ximenez, Acosta, Gomara, Marcgrave, Garcilasso, and Dutertre often
mention these birds, but their remarks are so superficial that it
would be of little use to quote them now. Towards the end of the
same century Sir Hans Sloane, Catesby, Edwards, Brown, Father

4

Labat, Plumier, Louis Feuillée, and Rochefort gave tolerably com-
plete figures and descriptions of some of the species ; but it was not
until the commencement of the eighteenth century that we became
better acquainted with their natural history.”

It will be seen that little was really known respecting the Hum-
ming-Birds even at the end of the career of the great Linnzeus.
From Captain Cook both Pennant and Linnzeus became aware that
a species was found as far north as Nootka Sound, while every voy-
ager to the eastern shores of North America brought tidings of its
representative in the Trochilus colubris. Jamaica, St. Domingo,
and the smaller islands of the West Indies, furnished a fair quota
in the species inhabiting those countries ; and correspondents were
speedily established by Sloane, Brown, Edwards and Catesby in
Hispaniola, Demerara, and Brazil. Of all these countries the Hum-
ming-Birds and other zoological productions were then but partially,
and only partially, known. The great primeval forests of Brazil,
the vast palm-covered districts of the deltas of the Amazon and
the Orinoco, the fertile flats and savannahs of Demerara, the luxu-
riant and beautiful region of Xalapa (the country of perpetual
spring) and other parts of Mexico, were literally untrodden ground
by the ornithological collector. Up to this time the vast provinces
of the New World had only been skirted ; all within was virgin land,
wherein even the explorer had scarcely placed a foot, and where the
only human inhabitants were the wild children of nature—the Bota-
cudos and other tribes of South American Indians. If the country
glanced at in the foregoing remarks had provided the naturalists of
the days of Linnzeus with ample materials for study and investiga-
tion, how much greater would have been their amazement and delight
had they been acquainted with the hidden treasures of the great
Andean ranges, which stretch along the entire country, from the
Rocky Mountains on the north to near Cape Horn on the south.
Along the whole line of this great backbone, as it were, of Ame-
rica, at remarkably short intervals, occur species of this family of
birds of the greatest beauty and interest, which are not only spe-
cifically but generically distinct from each other. Whole groups
of them, remarkable for their singularity, have become known to us
from the inquiries and explorations of later travellers ; and abundant
as the species may he towards the northern and southern portions
of the great chain of mountains, they vastly increase as we approach
the equator. These equatorial regions teem with species, and even
genera, which are not found elsewhere. Between the snowline of
the summits of the towering volcanoes and their bases, many zones
of temperature occur, each of which has its own especial animal and
vegetable life. The alpine region has its particular flora, accompanied
by insects especially adapted to such situations ; and attendant upon
these are peculiar forms of Humming-Birds, which never descend
to the hot valleys, and scarcely even to the cooler and more tempe-
rate paramos. Many of the highest cones of extinct and of exist-
ing volcanos have their own faunas and floras: even in the interior
walls of ancient craters, wherever vegetation has gained a footing,

~~

5

some species of Humming-Birds have there, and there only, been
as yet discovered. It is the exploration of such situations that has
led to the acquisition of so many additional species of this family
of birds, which now reach to nearly 400 in number.

_It might be thought by some persons that 400 species of birds so
diminutive in size, and of one family, could scarcely be distinguished
from each other; but any one who studies the subject, will soon
perceive that such is not the case. Even the females, which assi-
milate more closely to each other than the males, can be separated
with perfect certamty ; nay, even a tail-feather will be sufficient for
a person well versed in the subject to say to what genus and species
the bird from which it has been taken belongs. I mention this fact
to show that what we designate a species has really distinctive and
constant characters; and in the whole of my experience, with many
thousands of Humming-Birds passing through my hands, I have
never observed an instance of any variation which would lead me to
suppose that it was the result of a union of two species. I write
this without bias, one way or the other, as to the question of the
origin of species. I am desirous of representing nature in her won-
derful ways as she presents herself to my attention at the close of
my work, after a period of twelve years of incessant labour, and not
less than twenty years of interesting study. Iam, of course, here
speaking of the special object of my own studies—the Humming-
Birds.

It is somewhat remarkable that any persons living in the present
enlightened age should persist in asserting that Humming-Birds are
found in India and Africa. Yet there are many who believe that
such is the case. Even in a work but recently published it is stated
that Humming-Birds and Toucans are both found in the last-men-
tioned country ; and I was once brought into a rather stormy alter-
cation with a gentleman who asserted that the Humming-Bird was
found in England, and that he had seen it fly in Devonshire. Now
the object seen in Devonshire was the insect called the Humming-
Bird Moth, Macroglossa stellarum; and the birds supposed to be-
long to this family by residents and travellers in India and Africa are
of a totally different group—the Nectariniide or Sun-Birds. These
latter birds have no relationship to the Trochilide; they are not
even representatives of them in the countries alluded to; and their
only points of resemblance consist in their diminutive size and the
showy character of their plumage. Let it be understood, then, once
for all, that the Humming-Birds are confined to America and its
islands (that is, the West Indiés im the Atlantic, and Chiloe and
Juan Fernandez in the Pacific; none have as yet been found in the
Galapagos). The Selasphorus rufus goes as far north as Sitka. Kot-
zebue informs us that it is found in summer as high as the sixty-first
parallel on the Pacific coast ; while, on the antartic end of the con-
tinent, Captain King observed the Eustephanus galeritus flitting about
among the Fuchsias of Tierra del Fuego in a snow-storm. Both these
species, however, are migrants,—the northern bird retiring, as au-
tumn approaches, to the more temperate climate of Mexico, while the

6

other wends its way up to the warmer regions of Bolivia and Peru.
The migration of these birds is of course performed at directly op-
posite periods. Both the Selasphorus rufus and the Trochilus colu-
bris spend the summer in high northern latitudes ; but the former
always proceeds along the western, and the latter along the eastern
parts of the country: the 7. colubris even extends its range as far
as the fifty-seventh parallel, where it was observed by Sir John
Richardson. Although these and some other species pass over vast
extents of country, I do not believe that they are capable of long-con-
tinued flights : that is, I question their power of crossing seas or more
than from one island to another; for although we know that the
two birds above-mentioned pass over many degrees of latitude in
their migrations, I believe that these journeys are performed in a
series of comparatively short stages, and always by land, and that
the whole of their movements are more or less influenced by the
progress of the sun north or south as the case may be.

North America, then, may be said to have two Humming-Birds—
a western and an eastern species. It is true that Audubon has men-
tioned two others in his great work—the Lampornis Mango and
Calypte Anne—and states that the former was found at Key West
in East Florida. Since then, however, I believe no other example
has been discovered there; and one can scarcely understand the oc-
currence of the bird in that part of America, since it is a native of
countries and islands lying so much further south.

Leaving North America, and proceeding south, we begin to meet
with several other species, which rarely extend their range to the
north—viz. the Calypte Anne, C. Coste, Selasphorus platycercus,

vochilus Alexandri, ard Calothorax Calliope. These birds are also
migratory, but their range is much less extensive than that of the
two species previously mentioned. As we advance im this direction,
Humming-Birds become extremely numerous, and, as regards ge-
nera and species, continue to increase in the more southern country
of Guatemala, where every variety of climate is to be found. The
forest-clad mountains of Vera Paz appear to afford a winter retreat to
many of the northern species, as the regions contiguous to the Atlas
range in Africa do to the numerous little warblers of this country
and the continent of Europe. Besides these migrants, Guatemala,
Honduras, and Costa Rica have species which are either stationary
or merely change their quarters in accordance with the flowering-
season of the trees on which they seek their food, moving east and
west or vice versd according to circumstances. The countries fur-
ther south, or those lying betweei Guatemala and Panama, appear
to have a bird-fauna almost peculiar to themselves; for it is seldom
that the species inhabiting Costa Rica and Veragua extend their
range to the northward, neither are they often found in the more
southern country of New Granada.

It is in the last-mentioned country—New Granada—that some
of the finest of the Trochilide are found,—its towering mountains
having species peculiar to themselves, while its extensive paramos
are tenanted by forms not found elsewhere. On the principal

7

ranges of the Andes, species exist which do not occur on the lower
elevations situated more to the eastward. Thesé ranges are the
sources of numerous rivers, some of which have a northerly course
—such as the Atrato, Cauca, and the great Magdalena, which
debouch into the Caribbean Sea—and the river Zulia, which
empties itselfinto the Lake of Maracaybo. Some of the very finest
species yet discovered were collected near the town of Pamplona,
which is situated on the banks of the last-mentioned river. The
country round Antioquia, situated on the lower, and Popayan on the
upper part of the Cauca, appear also to be very rich in natural
productions, and particularly so in Humming-Birds. It is, however,
on the paramos which surround Bogota, and on the luxuriantly clad
sides of the valleys through which flows the main stream of the
Magdalena, that the greatest number of species have been discovered.
Bogota, the capital of this district, has for a long time been the
centre whence collections have been transmitted to Europe and the
United States. The Indians have been initiated into the modes of
preparing these lovely objects ; and as gain and excitement have thus
gone hand in hand, this part of America may be said to have been
thoroughly ransacked, and I expect that but few novelties remain to
be discovered therein. Now as most of the productions that have
yet reached us from Antioquia and Pamplona, two districts lying in

about the same parallel of latitude on either side the great valley “« ~

the Magdalena, are guite distinct and different from those of Bogota,
we may safely infer that, if they: were as closely searched, many new
species would be found. The country of the Caraccas and Cumana _
have Humming-Birds which partake less of the characters of the

mountain species, and assimilate more closely to those of the Guianas,
and Northern Brazil. It will be seen, I think, from what I have here
said, that the species of Humming-Birds increase in numbers as we
proceed towards the equator; that most of them are confined to

countries having peculiar physical characters ; and that those of New ~~ =

Granada differ considerably from the Humming-Birds of Veragua,
Costa Rica, and Guatemala. I have observed an equally marked
difference in the species which inhabit the high lands giving rise to
the rivers which run eastward; I mean the many tributaries of the
Napo, the Caqueta or Japura, and the Amazon.

From the eastern side of Chimborazo flow many streams which
ultimately find their way into the Amazon; and however numerous
the species found in the elevated districts of New Granada may be,
I believe that when the dense and luxuriant forests bordering these
well-watered lands are fully investigated, the species inhabiting them
will be found far to exceed in number those of every other district.
Even the snowy Chimborazo may be said to be inhabited by Hum-
ming-Birds: certain it is that the Oreotrochilus Chimborazo lives
upon it just below the line of perpetual congelation, some of my
specimens of this bird killed by M. Bourcier bearing on the attached
labels an elevation of 16,000 feet; and Mr. Fraser, I believe, killed
others in an equally elevated region. Here, then, is a bird which
encounters the cold blasts of these lofty situations with impunity,

8

dwelling in a world of almost perpetual sleet, hail, and rain, and
there feeding upon the insects which resort to the Chuquiraga in-
signis and other flowering plants peculiar to the situation. ‘These
truly alpine birds have always a great charm with me; and as the
Species just mentioned is especially beautiful, it is of course a great
favourite. Besides Chimborazo, there exist many other cones of
but little less elevation, such as Pichincha, Cotopaxi, and Cayambe,
which, strange to say, are reported to be frequented by species pecu-
liar to each ; and if this be the case, how many other summits yet
untrodden may reveal others at present unknown to us? Now what
I have said with regard to the gradual increase of Humming-Bird life
from the north to the equator may be equally said of their increase
towards the same line from the south. The species there found,
although quite different from those of the north, perform precisely
the same functions, are subject to the same migratory movements, &c.

To the southward of the equator, however, the species appear to
be far less numerous. And it could not be expected but that such
would be the case when we consider the particular character of the
country,—the dry and sterile plains of Peru, the extensive pampas
of La Plata, &c., being all unsuited to insect and therefore to Hum-
ming- Bird life, and a diminution in their numbers the natural result.
But the paucity in numbers would seem to be compensated in the
beauty of the individuals. Peru and Bolivia are the cradles ofthe
splendid comet-tailed species of the genus Cometes, the Lesbie, Di-
phogene, the delicate birds known as Thaumasture, &c. These
countries produce also the largest Humming- Bird yet known, the Pa-
tagona gigas, which with an Oreotrochilus and a Lustephanus are
all the species known to me from the lengthened country of Chili.
The little island called Chiloe, characterized by great humidity, is
inhabited by the common Chilian species last mentioned ; while the
celebrated island of Juan Fernandez, over 300 miles from the main.
land, is tenanted by three kinds, of which two are so distinct from
all others known, that they cannot for a moment be confounded with
any of them. The three species, in fact, which people this solitary
spot in the wide Pacific are very different from each other; and [
may mention that nothing like a cross or intermixture has ever been
observed, an event that might have been expected to occur here,
if ever it does among animals living in a state of nature. Strange
to say, these beautiful creatures are almost the only examples of bird
life existing on this remarkable island. The knowledge of the
existence of these lovely flying gems gives an additional zest to
the interest attached to the scene of the principal events in Defoe’s
charming tale.

In the foregoing pages I have glanced at the species of Humming-
Birds inhabiting the great range of mountains running north and
south through many degrees of latitude on both sides of the equator,
Whole genera of the Trochilide are found there, and there alone,
In the highlands of Mexico, among others we find the peculiar
genera Delattria, Selasphorus, and Calypte. On crossing the rib-
bon-like strip of land called the Isthmus of Panama, we enter upon

9

a region of highlands bearing the genera Oxypogon, Lafresnaya,
Bourcierta, Dorifera, Helianthea, Heliangelus, Eriocnemis, Lesbia,
Cynanthus, Agleactis, Metallura, Ramphomicron, and many others,
none of which are found in the less-elevated countries of Brazil, the
Guianas, or the West Indian Islands. It is true that these coun-
tries, particularly Brazil, possess forms of Humming-Birds which are
now and then feebly represented in the Andes; but these cases are
quite exceptional. When we leave the Andes we bid adieu to the
finest, the largest, and the most gorgeously attired species.. Other
beautiful kinds do here and there exist in Brazil, such as the Chry-
solampis moschitus, the Topaza pella, and the Lophornithes; but
the greater number are comparatively small and inconspicuous. Of
the members of the genus Phaéthornis, a group of Humming-Birds,
popularly known by the name of Hermits, from their frequenting the
darkest and most retired parts of the forest, three-fourths are natives
of Brazil. The great forest-covered delta of the Amazon, where
palms are numerous, seems to be particularly unfavourable to the
Trochilide, since from Para to Ega there are scarcely ten species of
the family to be met with.

In this cursory glance at the distribution of this family of birds,
those frequenting the West Indian Islands have yet to be noticed ;
and here not only do we find some peculiar to those islands as a whole,
but in each of them, with but very few exceptions, there are species
and even genera which are not found in the Andes, the other islands,
or the more contiguous flat parts of the South American Continent.
Cuba has at least three, one of which is a most lovely little bird.
The principal island of the Bahaman group is in like manner fa-
voured with a charming Calothoraz, which Dr. Bryant tells us flies
in great. numbers round the town of Nassau ; yet the bird does not,
I believe, inhabit any of the other islands or the mainland.

Jamaica possesses three, which are all quite distinct, and so widely
different from every other, that it is a perfect mystery to the na-
turalist how they first obtained a footing there. Nothing like in-
terbreeding between two species appears to occur in this island ;
if such were the case, we could not but be aware of the fact, since we
have not only been for many years in the habit of receiving hundreds
of birds from Jamaica, but this island has had the advantage of a
naturalist, Mr. Gosse, who has most closely observed the birds re-
sident there. St. Domingo has two species, differing from those of
Jamaica. This law with respect to the Humming-Bird inhabitants
of the West Indian and Leeward Islands, is equally carried out in
the necklace-like string of the Wimdwards ; but when we arrive at
the island of Trinidad, the species become much more numerous
and partake of the character of those which inhabit the mainland—
the opposite shores of Venezuela.

It may be asked, what is our present knowledge of the existing
species of Humming-Birds, and if there may not be others to be dis-
covered in the great primeval forests of the western and other parts
of the vast continent of the new world. My reply is that, in all pro-
bability, many more than are known to us do exist, and that a very

10

lengthened period must elapse before we shall acquire anything like
a perfect knowledge of the group. Whatever I may have done
towards the elucidation of the subject, I must only be regarded as a
pioneer for those who, in future ages, will render our acquaintance
with this family of birds so much more complete than it is at the
present time.

The countries of South America whose productions are least known
are Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, the sea-bord between Carthagena
and Guayaquil, the forests of La Paz and other parts of Bolivia, the
whole of the eastern slopes of the Andes bordering Peru and Ecuador,
and the western portion of Brazil. All these countries will doubtless
furnish new kinds of Humming-Birds when the explorer shall extend
his researches into their unknown recesses. We may feel fully con-
vinced that such will be the case from the circumstance of single
individuals in a youthful or imperfect state, which we cannot identify
as belonging to any known species, occasionally occurring in the great
collections sent from time to time to Europe. My own collection
contains several examples of this kind, which will doubtless at some
future day prove to belong to undescribed species. For more than
twenty long years have I been sending the most earnest entreaties,
accompanied with drawings, to my correspondents in Peru and Ecua-
dor for additional examples of that truly wonderful bird the Loddi-
gesia mirabilis. These entreaties have been backed by the offers of
large sums of money to any person who would procure them; but
up to the present moment no second example has been obtained.
Probably the single individual killed by Mr. Matthews in the neigh-
bourhood of Chachapoyas was one which had accidentally strayed
beyond the area in which the species usually dwells, and which has
not yet been discovered. That it may be a nocturnal bird has some-
times suggested itself to my mind, and that this may be the reason
why it has not since been seen. Those of my readers who are not
acquainted with this most wonderful member of the Trochilidee will
do well to refer to the plate, in which a correct representation of it
is given by the masterly hand of Mr. Richter.

The preceding remarks must, I think, have given the reader a
general idea of the countries inhabited by the members of the
great family of Humming-Birds ; it now becomes necessary to speak
of their peculiar structure, and the place they appear to occupy
in the Class Aves. By systematists they have been bandied about
from one group to another: by some they have been associated with
the Sun-Birds (Nectarinie) ; by others with the Cypseline, Picine,
Sittine, Certhine, &c.

In Brisson’s arrangement, published in 1760, they constitute with
the Creepers his twelfth order. By Linneus in 1766, and Latham
in 1790, they were placed in the class Pice, together with the Creep-
ers, Hoopoes, &c. In like manner they are associated with the same
birds in the fourteenth order of Lacépéde’s arrangement, published
in 1799. In Duméril’s classification, proposed in 1806, they form
part of his second order—Passerine Birds—and are associated with
Kingfishers, Todies, Nuthatches, Bee-Eaters, Creepers, &c. They

id

form a distinct family of the second Order, Ambulatores, in the
arrangement of Illiger published in 1811. They also constitute a
distinct family by themselves of the Tenuirostral Division of the order
Passeres in Cuvier’s system of 1817. By Vieillot, whose arrange-
ment was published about the same time, they form part of the
twenty-second family Sylvicole, and are associated with Creepers,
Sun-Birds, and Honey-eaters. By Temminck, in the second edition
of his ‘ Manuel d’Ornithologie,’ published in 1820, they were placed,
together with the Creepers, Sun-Birds, Hoopoes, &c., in his sixth
Order, Anisodactyli. In De Blainville’s arrangement, which appeared
in the years in 1815, 1821, and 1822, they form a separate family
of the Saléatores, with the Kingfishers preceding, and the Crows
following them. Vigors, in 1825, made them a distinct family of his
second Order, Insessores,—the preceding family being composed of the
Sun-Birds, and the succeeding one of the Promeropide. Latreille
in the same year pleced them in the fourth family Tenuirostres of the
second Order or Passerine Birds, along with the Hoopoes, Promerops,
Sun-Birds, &c. Lesson, in 1828, made them the eighth family of the
Insessores, and associated them with the Sun-Birds, Creepers, &c. By
Boié they were divided in the ‘Isis’ for 1831 into eleven genera, Viz.
Bellatriz, Calliphlox, Glaucis, Anthracoraz, Heliactin, Hylocharis,
Basilinna, Chrysolampis, Heliothriz, Smaragdites, and Eulampvs.
Swainson, in 1837, constituted them the third family of the Tenuz-
rostres, with the Sun-Birds preceding, and the Promeropidee and Hoo-
poes succeeding them. In Mr. G. R. Gray’s ‘List of the Genera
of Birds,’ published in 1841, and in his great work ‘On the Genera
of Birds,’ completed in 1850, they form the third family of the Te-
nuirostres. In the ‘Conspectus Systematis Ornithologie’ of Prince
Charles Lucien Bonaparte, given to the world a few years before his
lamented death, they form Stirps 17 suspensi, of his second Order
Passeres; and Tribe Volucres, with the Hoopoes and Promerops
placed before, and the Swifts and Swallows after them. In his ‘ Con-
spectus Generum Avium’ they form the eleventh family of the Inses-
sores, with the Swifts preceding them, and are succeeded by the
Phytotomide or Plant-Cutters. In his ‘“‘ Conspectus Trochilorum,”
published in the ‘ Revue et Magasin de Zoologie’ for May 1854, they
form the seventy-second family of his Passerine Birds. In Dr. Reich-
enbach’s arrangement, in Cabanis’s ‘Journal fir Ornithologie’ for
1853, they are fancifully divided into groups of Fairies, Elfs, Gnomes,
_Sylphs, &c. ; and in his ‘Trochilmarum Enumeratio’ he places
these birds between the true Creepers on the one hand, and the
Hoopoes on the other. By Cabanis, the latest writer on the subject,
they are placed with the Swifts and Goatsuckers, in his 3rd Order
Strisores and Tribe Macrochires. ; j
Ornithologists of the present day consider them to be more inti-
mately allied to the true Swifts than to any other group of birds.
This view of the subject is supported by the fact of the Humming-
Birds, like the Swifts, having most ample wings, vast powers of flight,
and a bony structure very closely assimilating: and this alliance is
still further exemplified in some parts of their nidification, the number

{2

and colour of their eggs, &c. It is not to be expected that, with
this subject before me for so many years, I should have been inat-
tentive to the consideration of the place these birds should occupy
in our attempts at a natural arrangement; and while I admit that
they are somewhat allied to the Swifts, they are so essentially distinct
from these and all other birds, that they might be separated into a
distinct Order with quite as much, if not greater, propriety as the
Pigeons when considered in relation to the Gallinaceous Birds. They
have certain characters, dispositions, and modes of life which are not
to be noticed in any other group of birds: their cylindrical bills,
double-tubed tongues, enormously developed sternums, and cor-
responding pectoral muscles, rigid primaries, the first of which is the
longest, and their diminutive feet separate them from all others. In
the Swifts and Fissirostral birds generally the sexes are alike in out-
ward appearance ; in the Humming-Birds they are in nearly every
instance totally different in their colouring: in the former the young
assume the livery of the adult before they leave the nest, while the
contrary is the case with the Humming-Birds. How different, too,
is the texture of the luminous feathers with which they are clothed ;
and vastly diversified in form as the tail is in the various genera, the
number of feathers in the whole of them is invariably ten. In their
disposition they are unlike birds, and approach more nearly to
insects. Many of the species fearlessly approach almost within reach
of the hand; and if they enter an open window, as curiosity may
lead them to do, they may be chased and battled with round the
apartment until they fall exhausted ; and if then taken up by the
hand, they almost immediately feed upon any sweet, or pump up
any fluid, that may be offered them, without betraying either fear or
resentment at their previous treatment. A Trochilus colubris, cap-
tured for me by some friends at Washington (Baron Osten Sacken,
Mr. Odo Russell, and his brother Mr. Arthur Russell), immediately
afterwards partook of some saccharine food that was presented to it,
and in two hofirs it pumped tbe fluid out of a little bottle whenever
I offered it ; and in this way it lived with me a constant companion
for several days, travelling in a little thin gauzy-bag distended by a
slender piece of whalebone, and suspended to a button of my coat. It
was only necessary for me to take the little bottle from my pocket to
induce it to thrust its spiny bill through the gauze, protrude its
lengthened tongue down the neck of the bottle, and pump up the
fluid until it was satiated ; it would then retire to the bottom of its
little home, preen its wing- and tail-feathers, and seem quite content.

The specimens I brought alive to this country were as docile and
fearless as a great moth or any other insect would be under similar
treatment. The little cage in which they lived was twelve inches
long, by seven inches wide, and eight inches high. In this was
placed a diminutive branch of a tree, and suspended to the side a
glass phial which I daily supplied with saccharine matter in the
form of sugar or honey and water, with the addition of the yelk of
an unboiled egg. Upon this food they appeared to thrive and be
happy during the voyage along the sea-bord of America and across

13

the Atlantic, until they arrived within the influence of the climate of
Europe. Off the western part of Ireland symptoms of drooping
unmistakeably exhibited themselves ; but although they never fully
rallied, I, as before stated, succeeded in bringing one of them alive to
London, where it died on the second day after its arrival at my house.
The vessel in which I made the passage took a northerly course, which
carried us over the banks of Newfoundland; and although the cold
was rather severe during part of the time, the only effect it appeared.
to have upon my little pets was to induce a kind of torpidity, from
which, however, they were readily aroused by placing them in the
sunshine, or in some warm situation, such as before a fire, in the
bosom, &c. I do assure my readers that I have seen these birds
cold and stiff, and to all appearance dead; and that from this state
they were readily restored with a little attention and removal into
light and heat, when they would “‘ perk up,” flutter their little wings,
and feast away upon their usual food as if in the best state of health.

How wonderful must be the mechanism which sets in motion and
sustains for so lengthened a time the vibratory movements of a Hum-
ming-Bird’s wings! To me their action appeared unlike any thing of
the kind I had ever seen before, and strongly reminded me of a piece
of machinery acted upon by a powerful spring. I was particularly
struck by this peculiarity in the flight, as it was exactly the opposite
of what I expected. The bird does not usually glide through the
air with the quick darting flight of a swallow or swift, but con-
tinues tremulously moving its wings while passing from flower to
flower, or when taking a more distant flight over a high tree or across
ariver. When poised before any object, this action is so rapidly
performed that it is impossible for the eye to follow each stroke, and
a hazy semicircle of indistinctness on each side of the bird is all that
is perceptible. ‘The wind produced by the wings of these little
birds,” says Mr. Salvin, “appears to be very considerable; for I
noticed that while an example of Cyanomyia cyanocephala which
had flown into the room was hovering over a large piece of wool,
the entire surface of the wool was violently agitated.” Although
many short intermissions of rest are taken during the day, the bird
may be said to live in air—an element in which it performs every
kind of evolution with the utmost ease, frequently rising perpendicu-
larly, flying backward, pirouetting or dancing off, as it were, from
place to place, or from one part of a tree to another, sometimes
descending, at others ascending ; it often mounts up above the tower-
ing trees, and then shoots off like a little meteor at a right angle ;
at other times it quietly buzzes away among the little flowers near
the ground; at one moment it is poised over a diminutive weed,
at the next it is seen at a distance of forty yards, whither it has
vanished with the quickness of thought. During the heat of the
day the shady retreats beneath the trees are very frequently visited ;
in the morning and evening the sunny banks, the verandahs, and
other exposed situations are more frequently resorted to.

The foregoing remarks are from personal observation of the habits
of Trochilus colubris ; and I have been informed by Mr. Salvin and

c

14

others that a similar action characterizes most of the species. I
believe, however, that those members of the Trochilidse which are
furnished with more ample wings, such as the species of the genera
Agleactis, Ramphomicron, Pterophanes, and Patagona, have a very
different mode of flight, move their wings with diminished rapidity,
and pass much more slowly through the air. Mr. Darwin, when
speaking of the Patagona gigas, says, ‘‘ Like others of the family, it
moves from place to place with a rapidity which may be compared to
that of Syrphus among Diptera, and Sphinw among Moths; but
whilst hovering over a flower it flaps its wings with a very slow and
powerful movement, totally different from that vibratory one, common
to most of the species, which produces the humming noise. I never
saw any other bird, where the force of its wings appeared (as in a
butterfly) so powerful in proportion to the weight of its body.
When hovering by a flower, its tail is constantly expanded and shut
like a fan, the body being kept in a nearly vertical position. This
action appears to steady and support the bird, between the slow
movements of its wings.”

In the intervals of flight, I believe that they not only rest in the
ordinary way, but even pass some time in sleep ; at least I found
that this was the case with my living birds, and that from this state
of partial torpor they were not easily aroused. In the morning and
evening they were far more animated than at any other period of the
day ; and they would even perform their buzzing evolutions round
their cage, and sip from their little bottle in the night-time, if a light
was brought into the room. They usually sat in a moping position,
with the bill in a line with the body, or slightly elevated, after the
manner of the Kingfishers. I never saw them hang by their feet
and sleep with their heads downwards—a position which I have
been informed is sometimes assumed by Humming-Birds.

When we have compared the wings of Calliphlow Amethystinus with
those of Patagona gigas, we have noticed the two extremes of develop-
ment in these organs, but many intermediate forms exist, and each
modification has doubtless an influence on the mode and power of
flight. I cannot leave the subject of the wings without alluding to the
extraordinary development of the shafts of the primaries in the Cam-
pylopteri. The great dilatation of these feathers would lead one to
suppose that they have an influence on the aérial movements of
the birds; but, strange to say, this remarkable feature only occurs
in the males; the females are entirely destitute of it. It might
naturally be supposed that such a: modification of so important an
organ must be formed with an especial object. What, then, can be
the particular use of the broad dilated shafts of these singularly and
apparently awkwardly shaped wings? Generally the primaries and
secondaries are of a sombre and uniform hue, while the shoulders
or wing-coverts, in most instances, are of the same coloar as the
other parts of the body. There are, however, a few, but a very few
exceptions to the rule; and I may mention the Eulampis jugularis
and Pterophanes Temmincki as instances in point: both these birds
have luminous wings, and must form very striking objects during

i

4‘

flight ; and, as I believe colour is seldom given without the intention |
of its being exhibited, there is doubtless something peculiar in the |
economy of these birds. The primaries and secondaries are in some ~

instances stiff and rigid, while in others they are soft and yielding ;
some are broad, others narrow ; they are always the same in number,
and the first quill is constantly the longest, except in Polytmus
cephalater, where the second exceeds the first in length.

_ When we turn to the bill, we find this organ to be greatly diver-
sified in form, and that each of these variations appears to be specially
adapted for some given purpose ; indeed, I have never seen the law of
adaptation more beautifully exemplified than in the multiplied forms
exhibited in the bills of the members of the various genera of this
family of birds. A certain generic character runs through the whole
of them; the gape in all cases is very small, and whether the bill be
curved or straight, the upper mandible overlaps the under one on both
sides, and thus forms an admirable protection for the delicate double-
tubed tongue. If we examine the extraordinarily lengthened bill of
Docimastes ensifer and the short feeble bill of the Lesbia Gouldi, we
see the extremes as regards the length of this organ ; and we are net
less astonished at the functions they are both intended to perform. The
bill of the D. ensifer, which is nearly six inches long, and which
contains a tongue capable of being protruded nearly as far beyond its

tip, is most admirably fitted for the exploration of the lengthened_

and pendent corollas of the Brugmansie; while the short-billed Lesbie |
cling to the upper portion of those flowers, pierce their bases, and —
with the delicate feelers at the extremities of the tongue, readily |

secure the insects which there abound. I have been assured by M.

Bourcier that this is really a practice of the bird, and that it fre- |
quently resorts to this device for the purpose of gaining its insect |

food; but I suspect that, besides exploring the stalwart Brugmansia,
a more delicate flora is the object for which its bill is especially
formed. In no part of America are so many tubular-flowered plants
as among the Andes, and the greater number of the Humming-
Birds found there have straight and lengthened bills, such as the
members of the genera Helianthea, Bourcieria, Celigena, etc. The
arched bills of the Phaéthornithes are admirably adapted for securing
the insects which resort to the leaves of trees, and upon which these
birds are said to exist. But how much are we astonished, when
we examine the bill of Hutoveres! and find this organ curved down-
wards beyond the extent of a semicircle, a form beautifully adapted
for exploring the scale-covered stems of the larger palms.

Let us turn to another genus of this group—Grypus. Here the
bill is not only armed with a strong hook at the end of the man-
dibles, but with a row of numerous and thickly set teeth. The G.
nevius is said to frequent the borders of the great forests, and to gain
its food from among the interstices of the bark of the palm trees,
Both this bird and the utoweres, aswell as the Phaéthornithes, aresaid
(and, I believe, with truth) to feed principally upon spiders; and we
know that these are the food of the Grypus. All the members of the
genus Ramphomicron are said to feed on insects which inhabit the

c2

ait mereee

16

alpine Flore; and their bill is well suited to the capture of the minute
insects found in those elevated regions. In some instances the bill
is perfectly wedge-shaped, as in Heliothrix ; while in others it sud-
denly turns upwards, as in dvocettula. ‘These forms are also adapted
for some special purpose, of which, however, at present we are igno-
rant. Besides these, there are others whose bills approach somewhat
to the form of the flycatchers, as the dithurus. This bird we know
frequently seizes insects on the wing; and so doubtless do many of
the others. It will have been seen that all these forms of bill are
well suited for the capture of insects; and, as might be supposed,
insects constitute the principal food of the Humming-Bird; but that
liquid honey, the pollen and other saccharine parts of flowers are also
partaken of is evident from the double tubular tongue with which
all the species are provided. Besides this they readily and greedily
accept this kind of food when offered to them in a state of captivity,
or when the corollas of a bouquet of flowers placed in a window are
filled with sugar to entice them to approach ; and from my own ex-
perience I know that they have been kept in captivity for several
months upon this kind of food.

Connected intimately with the mode of flight is the form and
structure of the tail, and in no group of birds is this organ more
varied ; in some species it is four times the length of the body, in
others it is so extremely short as to be entirely hidden by the coverts.
Ais cases in point I may mention Lesbia Amaryllis and Calothoraa
micrurus. HKvery Humming-Bird, however, has ten tail-feathers, and
no more. Iam aware that this number is not apparent in some of
the smaller fork-tailed species, the two centre-feathers being so ex-
ceedingly minute as to be almost obsolete; but if a careful exami-
nation be made, that number will be found. I may instance
Thaumastura Core, T. enicura, and Calothorax Fannie.

The tail appears to be, and doubtless is, a very important organ in
all the aérial movements of the Trochilide; and accordingly we find
very great variations in its form among the many different genera of
which the family is composed. In Cometes and Lesbia, the forked
character is carried to its maximum, while its minimum is seen in Ca-
lothorax, Acestrura, and the allied groups. The tails of all the mem-
bers of the two former and many other genera are of this form ; while
in others it is only seen in a single species of a group, all the other
members of which have rounded, square, or cuneate tails. As a case
in point I may cite Hupetomena hirundinacea, among the Campy-
loptert, which may be regarded as the aérial type of its own particular
group. Next to this we may notice the species with feathers termi-
nating in spatules, such as Loddigesia, Spathura, etc. I was informed
by the late Mr. Dyson that the flight of these birds presents a
marked difference from that of other Humming-Birds, and that their
appearance in the air is most singular,—the tail being not only con-
stantly opened and shut, but the spatules always in motion, par-
ticularly when the bird is poising over a flower; and if this be
really true, what an extraordinary appearance must the Loddigesia
mirabilis present during its evolutions! But we cannot attempt to

17

describe it; the discovery of a second. example,.and the peculiarity
of its flight, must be left for future historians to make known to us.

In some few instances, such as Juliamyia typica and Campylopte-
rus Pampa, the tails are cuneate ; but this form is quite exceptional
if we exclude the Phaéthornithes and Eutoxeres, in which this is the
prevailing form. Besides the groups with forked or cuneate tails,

there are others in which this organ 1s square OF rounded, as in
the Florisuge and Metallure. The reverse of the spatulate form
occurs in some species, such as the members of the genus Gouldia,
in which the tip of the outer tail-feathers terminates in thread-like
filaments. The citation of one more will be sufficient to show how
widely different is the form of this organ among the various genera.
The outer feathers of the Oreotrochili are narrow, rigid, and turned.
inwards: this calliper-like form one might suppose would assist, in
combination with the lengthened hind toe and claw, in supporting the
bird on the sides of rocks; and we find that this is really the case ; for
Mr. Fraser informs me that he has seen several of the Oreotrochilus
Pichincha clinging, half-benumbed with cold, on a ledge of rocks
during one of the frequent snow-storms which occur on Pichincha.
Quinarians would pronounce this to be the scansorial type among
Humming-Birds. Now I think we may fairly infer that many of
the other structures above alluded to are equally adapted for some
peculiar purpose; yet there must be exceptions to this hypothesis, —
since the structure of the caudal feathers is in many instances totally |
different in the two sexes of the same species.

Nothing has yet been said respecting the legs and feet. Diminutive
as they are, they will be found to be very diversified. In some instances
the tarsi are bare, in others they are thickly clothed, as in the Erio-
cnemides ; in some the toes are very diminutive, and are furnished with
equally small, rounded nails; in others all the toes, particularly the
hinder one, are greatly developed and armed with long, curved, and
extremely sharp, spine-like claws. This latter form is admirably
adapted for clinging to the petals of flowers—a habit common to
many members of the family, which not only settle upon, but thrust
their spiny bills through the bell-shaped flowers. ‘The power these
little birds possess of clinging to the branches is very remarkable :
they hang on with their little feet and hooked claws like bats, with
such pertinacity that I was often fearful of dislucating the legs of
my living birds when attempting to remove them from their perch.

I may mention here, although somewhat out of place, that the
skins of Pterophanes Temminckt have a strong musky smell, very
similar to that exhaled by the Petrels. I consider this merely a
coincidence; for although I am aware that many species of Humming-
Birds fly close to the surface of water, they are merely hawking for
insects among the aquatic plants peculiar to such situations.

It is the great diversity of forms in this family of birds which
renders the study of them so very interesting. If these little ob-
jects were magnified to the size of Hagles, their structural differences
would stand out in very bold relief, and the many marked generic
distinctions they present would be far more clearly perceptible,

\
|

18

The members of most of the genera have certain parts of their
plumage fantastically decorated; and in many instances most re-

. Splendent in colour. My own opinion is, that this gorgeous colour-

\ ing of the Humming-Birds has been given for the mere purpose of

| ornament, and for no other purpose of special adaptation in their
| mode of life—in other words, that ornament and beauty merely as
such was the end proposed—especially when we remember that the
plumage of Humming-Birds seems to follow a general rule in the

subordination and contrast with which the colours are arranged.
These extraordinary developments are nearly always confined to the
male, and are, doubtless, bestowed upon these little gems as a gorgeous
train is given to the Peacock, beautiful markings to the Polyplectron,
&c. I know of no others but the two species of the genus Cephalepis
in which a single feather is made to serve the purpose of ornament.
In all other instances the feathers are disposed in pairs, or in equal
number on either side of the head or body, as the case may be ; but
in both these species the crest terminates in a single plume, which
greatly adds to the elegance of the slender topping. How splendid
are the spangles which deck the neck-plumes of the Lophornithes! and
how well do the blue ear-tufts of the Petasophore harmonize with
the surrounding greeh of the neck! The genera Oxypogon and
Ramphomicron may be cited as singular instances of ornamentation ;
for they are both bearded and crested. Independently of these extra-
developed portions of the plumage, certain parts of the body are
gorgeously coloured; and here, again, some curious features are
observable. In very many instances the crowns are truly resplendent,
as in Heliodoxa; while in Helianthea the forehead only is decorated
with a star brighter than Venus, the queen-of planets.

All the members of the genus Heliangelus:.are remarkable for
their beautiful gorgets, succeeded by acrescent of white separating it
from the green of the under surface. Some species of the Erio-
enemides, beside their thickly clothed tarsi, have rich and luminous
upper tail coverts; while others, such as the Erioenemis Aline, have
the under tail-coverts unsurpassingly brilliant and beautiful. The
members of the genus Auyastes are conspicuous for the shining, metal-
like masks with which their faces are adorned ; while, differing from
all these, the Agleactines have the lower part of their backs clothed

in armour-like feathers, the brilliancy of which must be seen to be
understood, but which, strange to say, is only apparent when viewed
from behind; for if looked at in the direction of the feather, none

19

of these hues ‘are perceptible. Many more instances besides these
might be mentioned ; but a reference to the plates on which they are
represented, or, still better, the birds themselves, will give a more
correct idea of these remarkable colourings than can be conveyed by
any description. ‘

Before leaving the subject of extra development, I may mention |
that I often find it carried to a greater extent in some one species of a
genus than in the others. I will give an example of what I here
intend, by reference to what is observable in another family of birds,
the Trogonide. Tere the extra development of the upper tail-
coverts which occurs in members of the genus Pharomacrus, com-
mences in the P. pavoninus, increases in the P. antisianus, and
extends beyond the tail in P. auriceps ; but no species with upper
tail-coverts of intermediate length between those of the last-mentioned
species and the immensely long plumes of P. paradiseus, appears to -
exist. In like manner among the Andean Humming-Birds there is a
tendency to a gradual increase in the length of the bill to the extent of
two or two and a half inches ; but no species has yet been seen in which
that organ is intermediate between that length and the extraordi-:
narily developed bill of Docimastes, which measures at least five
inches. A similar fact is also observable with respect to the spa-
tules in the Spathure.

Apart from development, I observe that in the Humming-Birds, as

in some other groups to which I have paid particular attention, the f

species of one genus are much more numerous than those of others,
and that, whenever this is the case, the genus usually comprises
many closely allied species.

Among the most pleasing recollections of our youthful days is that of
a birds’ nest. Where is the person who has lived in the country and
paid any attention to natural history, that does not recollect that
of the Hedge-Sparrow (Accentor modularis) with its beautiful blue
eges; or has he ever ceased to wonder at the surprising construction
of the nest of the Bottle-Tit (Mecistura caudata)? Their domestic
architecture is indeed among the most interesting of the many singu-
lar features in the economy of birds; and how truly wonderful are
some of the nests of the Humming-Birds! In form and size
they vary as much as the different structures of the birds would
lead us to expect, and a similar difference occurs in the situations
in which they are placed. Some of these cradles are not larger than
the half of a walnut-shell, and these coracle-shaped structures are
among the neatest and most beautiful. The members of the |
Trochilus and their allies’ expend the greatest ingenuity, not so
much in their constructions i the lavish decoration of theit outer \/
walls; with the utmost ‘taste do these birds instinctively fasten |
thereon beautiful pieces of flat lichen, the larger pieces in the middle
and the smaller on the part attached to the branch. Itis-a-question
among omithologists whether-these adornments~are fixed on-by a
glutinous secretion from the bird or by the invisible webs of some of the
smaller kinds of spiders ; my own belief is, that-the latter is the means
employed. Nowand then a pretty feather is intertwined or fastened

Z,.
Mow

20

to the outer side, the stem being always so placed that the feather
stands out beyond the surface. These little cup-shaped nests are
frequently placed on the bifurcation of the horizontal part of a branch
near the ground, and at other times higher up towards the summit.
Quite the reverse of this kind of nest are those built by the Phaé-
thornithes: these latter are generally very frail structures, woven round
and attached to the side of a drooping palm-leaf, very frequently
overhanging water. Such a nest is figured in my plate of P. Eury-
nome. Another of a similar form but of different materials is figured
in the same volume in the plate illustrative of P. Eremita, with two
young ones therein.

Other Humming-Birds suspend their nests to the sides of rocks.
These are hammock-shaped in form, and are most ingeniously
attached to the face of the rock by means of spiders’ webs and the
cottony materials of which they are sometimes built, Those made
by the Oreotrochili, are very large, and composed of wool, llama
hair, moss, and feathers; at the top of this great mass, of nearly
the size of a child’s head, is a little cup-shaped depression in
which the eggs are deposited. Respecting the nest made by the Oreo-
trochilus Pichincha, my friend Professor Jameson, of Quito, writes, “On
the first of the present month (November 1858), I visited the snowy
mountain of Antisana in company with the American Minister. In
the celebrated farm-house (about 13,500 feet above the sea) I found in
one of the lower or ground apartments, unprovided with a door, several
nests of Oreotrochilus Pichincha, one of which was attached to a straw
rope suspended from the roof. Iam quite certain as to the identity of
the species, having shot one of the birds. The rest will be sent to you
in my next parcel.” See the figure of this nest given by Dr. Sclater
in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ 1860, p. 80.

Some of the Humming-Birds, and perhaps this very species, are
said to suspend their great nests by the middle from the fine hanging
root of a tree, or a tendril; and should the nest, which is of a curved
form and built of any coarse materials at hand, prove to be heavier
on one side than the other, the higher side is weighted with a small
stone or square piece of earth until an equilibrium is established and
the eggs prevented from rolling out. If such powers so nearly ap-
proaching to that of reason should be doubted by some of my readers,
I can assure them that one or more of these loaded nests are con-
tained in the Loddigesian Collection; and one is at this moment
before me, an examination of which will satisfy the most sceptical of
the truth of this statement. Occasionally the old nests are repaired
or built over the old one, two, three or more years in succession.
Many other instances might be given to show that the nidification
of the Humming-Birds is as singular as are the birds themselves. I
believe that generally the eggs are two in number, but I also think
it likely that some of the Phaéthornithes, or rather the members of
the genus Glaucis, occasionally lay but one; for I have frequently
seen only a single young bird in the nests sent to this country, and
this single bird generally filled up the entire space of the frail
structure, which, as I have before stated, is usually attached to the

ae es

21

leaflet of a palm. The eggs are certainly large when we consider
the tiny size of the birds which produce them ; in shape they are
oblong, nearly alike in form at both ends, and are probably of a
pinkish hue before their contents are removed; after which they
become of an opaque white, and so closely resemble bon-bons that
they might easily be mistaken for them. The birds are said to pro-
duce two broods a year ; and the period of incubation generally oc-
cupies about twelve or fourteen, or, according to Captain Lyon,
eighteen days. This gentleman, when giving an account of some
Humming-Birds whose hatching and education he sedulously watched,
as the nest was made in a little orange-bush by the side of a fre-
quented walk in his garden at Gongo Soco, in Brazil, states that the
nest “was composed of the silky down of a plant, and covered with
small flat species of yellow lichen. The first egg was laid January
26th, the second on the 28th; and two little creatures like bees made
their appearance on the morning of February 14th. As the young
increased in size, the mother built her nest higher and higher. The
old bird sat very close during a continuance of heavy rain for several
days and nights. The young remained blind until February 28th,
and flew on the morning of March 7th, without previous practice, as
strong and swiftly as the mother, taking their first dart from the nest
to a tree about twenty yards distant.”

Let me now mention one of the devices employed for the discovery
of the nest of the Humming-Birds. Every observer who has written
upon them has not failed to descant upon their boldness and pugnacity :
not only do they attack birds of much larger size than themselves, but
it is even asserted that they will tilt at the Eagle if he approaches
within the precinctsof the nest ; nor is man exempt from their assaults,
of which an amusing instance will be found in the extract from Lady
Emmeline Stuart Wortley’s ‘Travels’ given on a subsequent page.

It is this readiness for combat which is taken advantage of to find
the nest and eggs, and all that is necessary is to tie a string to your
hat, and wave it round your head, when, if a female be sitting in the
neighbourhood, the male wili instantly come down upon you; and by
watching his return the nest may be detected.

Many really absurd statements have been made as to the means
by which these birds are obtained for our cabinets. It is most fre-
quently asserted that they are shot with water or with sand. Now, so
far as I am aware, these devices are never resorted to, but they are
usually procured in the ordinary ‘way, with numbers ten and eleven
shot, those being the sizes best suited for the purpose. If smaller shot
be used, the plumage is very frequently so cut and damaged that the
Specimen is rendered of little or no value. By far the greater number
fall to the clay ball of the blowpipe, which the Indians, and in some
instances even Europeans use with perfect certainty of aim. My
friend Professor Jameson has a son who appears to be a proficient in
this mode of obtaining Humming-Birds, as I know that many of the
specimens he has sent me have been thus procured.

In Brazil very fine nets are employed for this purpose, but how:
this engine is employed I am unable to state ; unfortunately for me

22

many specimens of the fine species Cometes sparganurus in my pos-
session have been obtained by means of birdlime, and this is evidently
the way in which these birds are captured in the neighbourhood of
Chuquisaca.

That the Humming-Bird is not altogether denied the power of
song we learn from the notices respecting its vocalization by various
authors; but as this is a point upon which I cannot speak from
personal observation, I shall take the liberty of quoting from those
who have written on the subject. To begin with the remarks of
my friend Mr. W. C. L. Martin :—

“It is not to the most beautiful birds that the voice of melody is
given. The Mocking-Bird, the Nightingale, and the Thrush, are but
plainly attired; and it would appear that if Nature be lavish in one
respect, she is parsimonious in another. On the Humming-Birds she
has bestowed the gift of heauty—she has created them winged gems—
she has chased their plumage with burnished metals or overspread it
with laminze of topaz and emerald—she has strained, so to speak, at
every variety of effect—she has revelled in an infinitude of modifi-
cations, whether we look at the hues or the development of the
feathering. We can scarcely, then, expect that, to such an external
perfection, the gift of song will be also added; and, indeed, when we
reflect upon the structure of the tongue, of the os hyoides which
supports its base, and of the mechanism by which it is rendered
capable of protrusion, remembering that the os hyoides is connected
with the larynx, we cannot in reason suppose that these birds can be
eminent as songsters. Nevertheless it would appear that some species
at least utter, while perched, a sort of querulous warble.

“The ordinary cry of the Humming-Birds is sharp and shrill,
generally uttered on the wing, and frequently reiterated by the males
during their combats with each other. It is principally, says Lesson,
in passing from one place to another, that their ery, which he likens
to the syllables ¢ére-tére, articulated with more or less force, is ex-
cited. Most frequently, he says, they are completely dumb; and
he adds that he has passed whole hours in observing them in the
forests of Brazil without having heard the slightest sound proceed
from their throats.”’

Mr. Gosse, in his ‘ Birds of Jamaica,’ speaking of a species which
he calls the Vervain Humming-Bird (the Mellisuga minima of this
work), says, “The present is the only Humming-Bird that I am ac-
quainted with that has a real song. Soon after sunrise, in the spring
months, it is fond of sitting on the topmost branch of a mango or
orange-tree, where it warbles in a very weak, but very sweet tone, a
continuous melody for ten minutes at a time; it has little variety.
The others only utter a pertinacious chirping.”

It will be expected that some remarks should now be made with
regard to the luminous character of certain parts of the plumage
of these charming birds—a point which has engaged the attention
of many naturalists and physiologists, but of which I believe
no very satisfactory solution has yet been attained. “A few days
since,” says Mr, Martin, “we were examining a Humming-Bird, the

23

gorget of which was an intense emerald-green, but on changing the
light (that is altering its angle of incidence) the emerald was changed.
into velvet-black. Audebert considered this changeableness to be
due to the organization of the feathers, and to the manner in which
the luminous rays are reflected on falling upon them ; and of this
we think there ean be little doubt, for each feather, when minutely
inspected, exhibits myriads of little facets so disposed as to present
so many angles to the incidence of light, which will be diversely
reflected according to the position of the feather, and im some
positions not reflected in any sensible degree, and thus emerald may
become a velvet-black. _

“ Lesson supposes that the brilliant hues of the plumage of the
Humming-Birds are derived from some elements contained in the
blood, and elaborated by the circulation—a theory we do not
quite understand, inasmuch as colour is the result of the reflection
of some rays and the absorption of others, caused by the arrange-
ment of the molecules of any given body. He adds, however, that
the texture of the plumes plays the principal part, in consequence of
the manner in which the rays of light traverse them, or are reflected
by the innumerable facets which a prodigious quantity of barbules or
fibres present. All the scaly feathers, he observes, which simulate
velvet, the emerald, or the ruby, and which we see on the head and
throat of the Epimachi (as the Grand Promerops of New Guinea),
the Paradise-Birds, and the Humming-Birds, resemble each other in
the uniformity of their formation; all are composed of cylindrical
barbules, bordered with other analogous regular barbules, which, in
their turn, support other small ones, and all of them are hollowed in
the centre with a deep furrow, so that when the light, as Audebert
first remarked, glides in a vertical direction over the scaly feathers,
the result is that all the luminous rays are absorbed in traversing
them, and the perception of black is produced. But it is no longer
the same when the light is reflected from these feathers, each of
which performs the office of areflector; then it is that the aspect of
the emerald, the ruby, &c. varying with the utmost diversity under
the incidences of the rays which strike them, is given out by the
molecular arrangement of the barbules. It is thus that the gorget

of many species takes all the hues of green, and then the brightest

and most uniformly golden tints down to intense velvet-black, or,
on the contrary, that of ruby, which darts forth pencils of light, or
passes from reddish orange to a crimsoned red-black.

“It is thus, we think, that the everchanging hues of the gorgets
of the Humming-Birds from black to emerald, ruby, crimson, or

: s 29
flame colour are to be explained.

In a note just received from Dr. Davy, dated Ambleside, June 10,
1861, that gentleman says :—“ I have examined with the microscope
the feathers of the Humming-Bird, Agleactis cupripennis, you en-
trusted to me, which is so remarkable for its rich colours as seen in
one direction, and only one. The result is merely the following—
viz., that those feathers in which this peculiarity is most strongly
marked are membranous, terminating in pointed filaments, set on

24

obliquely, so that looking from the head each feather is only par-
tially seen. This result, I apprehend, will help very little to account
for the peculiarity in question. Its explanation’ must be sought
(must it not?) inthe higher optics.”

“As to the question you ask me about the beautiful play of colours
in the Humming-Birds,” says Dr. Stevelly, **T have never studied
the subject, and I should greatly fear to say anything about it, par-
ticularly if what I said were to be looked on as of any authority.

“There are two optical principles only which I can see to be any
way concerned in such an effect. One is the cause of the play of
colours in mother-of-pearl, and which Brewster proved to arise from
very fine striated rulings, the distance between the parallel lines not
being greater than from the 10,000th to the 100,000th of an inch.
Barton, of Birmingham, imitated this by ruling very fine parallel
lines on steel dies, and then impressing these on buttons, which
showed very beautiful colours when exposed to strong light. The
other optical principle, which I think, however, to be the most likely
to produce the effect in the case of feathers, is the influence of thin
plates. If you know Mr. Gassiot (one of your leading Royal Insti-
tution savants) get him to show you some of his copper-plates, on
which by an electrotype process he has had very thin films of lead
deposited ; and I think you will see colours fully as beautiful, though
not as varied or as variable in different aspects as those of the Hum-
ming-Bird,”’ j

It may not be out of place now to give a few extracts from the
works of those authors who have written on the Trochilide in gene-
ral or on some particular species. A perusal of these will tend to
confirm much that I have said ; and it is but fair that the writings of
those who have wielded the pen in elucidation of the history, habits,
and manners of these lovely birds should be duly recognized,

It is fortunate for the science of Ornithology that so many persons
gifted with the power of expressing their ideas in elegant and poetical
Janguage should have bestowed a large share of their attention upon
the Humming-Bird. The writings of Buffon, Wilson, Waterton,
Audubon, Gosse, and others, treating exclusively on natural history,
are not, perhaps, so generally known as they ought to be; the
extracts from these authors will therefore, I doubt not, be found of
interest.

“ Of all animated beings,” says Buffon, “ this is the most elegant
in form and the most brilliant’ in colour. The stones and metals
polished by art are not comparable to this gem of nature: she has
placed it in the order of birds, but among the tiniest of the race—
maxime miranda in minimis; she has loaded it with all the gifts of
which she has only given other birds a share. Agility, rapidity,
nimbleness, grace, and rich attire, all belong to this little favourite,
The emerald, the ruby, and the topaz, glitter in its garb, which is
never soiled with the dust of earth ; for, leading an aérial life, it rarely
touches the turf even for an instant. Always in the air flying from
flower to flower, it shares their freshness and their splendour, lives
on their nectar, and only inhabits those climates in which they are

25

unceasingly renewed. ‘The Humming-Bird seems to follow the sun,
to advance, to retire with him, and to fly on the wings of the wind
in pursuit of an eternal spring.”

“* Nature in every department of her works,” says Wilson, *‘ seems
to delight in variety; and the present subject is almost as singular
for its minuteness, beauty, want of song, and manner of feeding, as
the preceding (the Mocking-Bird) is for unrivalled excellence of
notes and plainness of plumage. This is one of the few birds that
are universally beloved ; and amidst the sweet dewy serenity of a
Summer’s morning, his appearance among the arbours of honey-
suckles and beds of flowers is truly interesting.

« When morning dawns, and the blest sun again
Lifts his red glories from the eastern main,
Then through our woodbines, wet with glittering dews,
The flower-fed Humming-Bird his round pursues ;
Sips with inserted tube the honied blooms,
And chirps his gratitude as round he roams ;
While richest roses, though in crimson drest,
Shrink from the splendour of his gorgeous breast.
What heavenly tints in mingling radiance fly!
Each rapid movement gives a different dye ;
Like scales of burnished gold they dazzling show—
Now sink to shade, now like a furnace glow!”

‘«‘ Where is the person,’’ says Audubon, speaking of the Trochilus
colubris, ‘‘ who, on seeing this lovely little creature moving on hum-
ming winglets through the air, suspended as if by magic in it, flit-
ting from one flower to another, with motions as graceful as they are
light and airy, pursuing its course and yielding new delights wherever
it is seen—where is the person, I ask, who, on observing this glitter-
ing fragment of the rainbow, would not pause, admire, and turn his
mind with reverence towards the Almighty Creator, the wonders of
whose hand we at every step discover, and of whose sublime concep-
tions we everywhere observe the manifestations in his admirable
system of creation? There breathes not such a person; so kindly
have we all been blessed with that intuitive and noble feeling—
admiration.

‘I wish it were in my power to impart to you, kind reader, the
pleasures which I have felt while watching the movements and viewing
the manifestations of feelings displayed by a single pair of these most
favourite little creatures, when engaged in the demonstration of their
love for each other ;—how the male swells his plumage and throat,
and, dancing on the wing, whirls around the delicate female ; how
quickly he dives towards a flower, and returns with a loaded bill,
which he offers to her to whom alone he desires to be united ; how
full of ecstacy he seems to be when his caresses are kindly received ;
how his little wings fan her as they fan the flowers, and he transfers
to her bill the insect and the honey which he has procured with a
View to please her ; how these attentions are received with apparent
Satisfaction; how, soon after, the blissful compact is sealed; how, then,
the courage and care of the male is redoubled ; how he even dares

26

to give chase to the tyrant Flycatcher, hurriés the Blue-Bird and the
Martin to their boxes ; and how, on sounding pinions, he joyously
returns to the side of his lovely mate. Reader, all these proofs
of the sincerity, fidelity, and courage with which the male assures
his mate of the care he will take of her while sitting on her nest,
may be seen, have been seen, but cannot be pourtrayed or de-
scribed.

“ Could you cast a momentary glance on the nest of the Humming-
Bird and see, as I have seen, the newly hatched pair of young, little
larger than humble-bees, naked, blind, and so feeble ag scarcely to be
able to raise their little bill to receive food from the parents ; and
could you see those parents full of anxiety and fear, passing and re-
passing within a few inches of your face, alighting on a twig not more
than a yard from your body, waiting the result of your unwelcome
visit in a state of the utmost despair, you could not fail to be im-
pressed with the interest of the scene. “Then how pleasing it is, on
your leaving the spot, to see the returning hope of the parents when,
after examining the nest, they find their nestlings untouched ! These
are the scenes best fitted to enable us to partake of sorrow and joy,
and to determine every one who views them to make it his study to
contribute to the happiness of others, and to refrain from wantonly
or maliciously giving them pain.

“ A person standing in a garden by the side of a common Althea
in bioom, will be surprised to hear the humming of their wings, and
then see the birds themselves within a few feet of him, as he will be
astonished at the rapidity with which the little creatures rise into the
air, and are out of sight and hearing the next moment.

“No bird seems to resist their attacks; but they are sometimes
chased by the larger kinds of humble-bees, of which they seldom take
the least notice, as their superiority of flight is sufficient to enable
them to leave those slow-moving insects far behind in the short space
of a minute.

“If comparison might enable you to form some tolerably accurate
idea of their peculiar mode of flight, and their appearance when on the
wing, I should say that, were both objects of the same colour, a large
Sphinz or moth when moving from one flower to another, and in a
direct line, comes nearer the Humming-Bird in aspect than any other
object with which I am acquainted.”’— Audubon, Ornithological Bio-
graphy, vol. i. p. 248, &e. For the other portions of Wilson’s and
Audubon’s very interesting observations, I must refer my readers to
my account of Trochilus colubris.

“Though least in size,” remarks Mr. Waterton, “ the glittering
mantle of the Humming-Bird entitles it to the first place in the list
of the birds of the New World. It may truly be called the Bird of
Paradise ; and had it existed in the Old World it would have claimed
the title, instead of the bird which has now the honour to bear it.
See it darting through the air almost as quick as thought !—now
it is within a yard of your face !—in an instant it is gone !—now it
flutters from flower to flower to sip the silver dew—it is now a rub
—now a topaz—now an emerald—now all burnished gold! It would

27

be arrogant to pretend to describe this winged gem of nature after
Buffon’s elegant description of it.

‘Cayenne and Demerara produce the same Humming-Birds.
Perhaps you would wish to know something of their haunts. Chiefly
in the months of July and August, the tree called Bois Immortel,
very common in Demerara, bears abundance of red blossom, which
stays on the tree for some weeks ; then it is that most of the species
of Humming-Birds are very plentiful. The wild red sage (Salvia
splendens) is also their favourite shrub ; and they buzz like bees round
the blossom of the Wallaba-tree ; indeed there is scarce a flower in
the interior, or on the sea-coast, but what receives frequent visits from
one or other of the species.

** On entering the forests of the rising land in the interior, the blue
and green, the smallest brown, no bigger than the humble-bee, with
two long feathers in the tail, and the little forked-tail purple-throated
Humming-Birds glitter before you in everchanging attitudes.

“Ags you advance towards the mountains of Demerara, other
Species of Humming-Birds present themselves before you. It seems
to be an erroneous opinion that the Humming-Bird lives entirely on
honey-dew. Almost every flower of the tropical climate contains in-
sects of one kind or other ; now the Humming-Bird is most busy
about the flowers an hour or two after sun-rise, and after a shower
of rain; and it is just at this time that the insects come out to
the edge of the flower in order that the sun’s rays may dry the
nocturnal dew and rain which they have received. On opening the
stomachs of the Humming-Bird dead insects are almost always found
there.”’

“The Humming-Birds in Jamaica,” says Lady Emmeline Stuart
Wortley in her Travels, “are lovely little creatures, and most won-
derfully tame and fearless of the approach of man. One of these
charming feathered jewels had built its delicate nest close to one
of the walks of the garden belonging to the house where we were
staying. ‘The branch, indeed, of the beautiful little shrub in which
this fairy nest was suspended almost intruded into the walk; and
every time we sauntered by there was much danger of sweeping
against this projecting branch with its precious charge, and doing it
some injury, as very little would have demolished the exquisite
fabric ; m process of time, two lovely little pear-like eggs had ap-
peared; and while we were there we had the great pleasure of seeing
the minute living gems themselves appear, looking like two very
small bees. The mother-bird allowed us to look closely at her in
the nest, and to inspect her little nurslings, when she was flying
about near, without appearing in the least degree disconcerted or
alarmed. I never saw so tame or so bold a little pet. But she did
not allow the same liberties to be taken by everybody unchecked.
One day, as Sir C was walking in the pretty path beside which
the fragile nest was delicately suspended amid sheltering leaves, he
paused, in order to look at its Lilliputian inhabitants. While thus
engaged, he felt suddenly a sharp light rapping on the crown of his
hat, which considerably surprised him. He looked round to ascer-

28

tain from whence the singular and unexpected attack proceeded : but
nothing was to be seen. Almost thinkmg he must have been mis-
taken, he continued his survey; when a much sharper and louder
rat-tat-tat-tat-tat seemed to demand his immediate attention, and a
little to jeopardize the perfect integrity and preservation of the fabric
in question. Again he looked round, far from pleased at such extra-
ordinary impertinence ; when what should he see but the beautiful
delicate Humming-Bird, with ruffled feathers and fiery eyes, who
seemed by no means inclined to let him off without a further infliction
of sharp taps and admonitory raps from her fairy beak. She looked
like a little fury in miniature—a winged Xantippe. Those pointed
attentions apprised him that his company was not desired or accep-
table ; and, much amused at the excessive boldness of the dauntless
little owner of the exquisite nest he had been contemplating, Sir
C moved off, anxious not to disturb or irritate further this
valiant minute mother, who displayed such intrepidity and cool deter-
mination. As to V and me, the darling little pet did not mind
us in the least; she allowed us to watch her to our hearts’ content
during the uninterrupted progress of all her little household and
domestic arrangements, and rather appeared to like our society than
not, and to have the air of saying, ‘Do you think I manage it well,
eh ites 33

“I cannot quit the subject,” says the Reverend Lansdown Guilding,
“without speaking of the delight that was afforded me, in Jamaica,
by seeing Humming-Birds feeding on honey in the florets of the
great Aloe (Agave Americana, Linn.) On the side of a hill upon
Sutton’s Estate (the property of Heury Dawkins, Esq.) were a con-
siderable number of aloe plants, of which about a dozen were in full
blossom. They were spread over aspace of about twenty yards square.
The spikes bearing bunches of flowers in a thyrsus, were from twelve
to fifteen feet high ; on each spike were many hundred flowers of
a bright yellow colour, each floret of a tubular shape and containing
a good-sized drop of honey. Such an assemblage of floral splendour
was in itself most magnificent and striking; but it may be imagined
how much the interest caused by this beautiful exhibition was in-
creased by vast numbers of Humming-Birds, of various species flut-
tering at the opening of the flowers, and dipping their bills first
into one floret and then into another,—the sun, as usual, shining bright
upon their varied and beautiful plumage. The long-tailed or Bird-
of- Paradise Humming-Bird was particularly striking, its long feathers
waving as it darted from one flower to another. I was so much de-
lighted with this sight that I visited the spot again in the afternoon,
after a very long and fatiguing day’s ride, accompanied by my wife, on
horseback, when we enjoyed the scene before us for more than half-
an-hour.”

The pugnacity of the Humming-Birds,”’ remarks Mr. Gosse, “ has
been often spoken of; two of one species can rarely suck flowers
from the same bush without a rencontre. I once witnessed a com-
bat between two, which was prosecuted with much pertinacity, and
protracted to an unusual length. It was in the month of April, when

29

I was spending a few days at Phoemix Park, near Savannah la Mar,
the residence of my kind friend Aaron Deleon, Esq. In the garden
were two trees, of the kind called Malay Apple (Hugenia Malae-
censis), one of which was but a yard or two from my window. The
genial influence of the spring rains had covered them with a profu-
sion of beautiful blossoms, each consisting of a multitude of crimson
stamens, with very minute petals, like bunches of crimson tassels ;

7 but the leaf-buds were only beginning to open. A Humming- Bird
had every day and all day long been paying his devoirs to these
charming blossoms. On the morning to which I allude another
came, and the manceuvres of these two tiny creatures became very
+ interesting. They chased each other through the labyrinths of twigs

ic and flowers till, an opportunity occurring, the one would dart with

1s seeming fury upon the other, and then, with a loud rustling of their
wings, they would twirl together, round and round, till they nearly
came to the earth.. It was some time before I could see, with any ,
distinctness, what took place in these tussles ; their twirlings were so \
rapid as to baffle all attempts at discrimination. At length an en- |

counter took place pretty close to me, and I perceived that the beak

of the one grasped the beak of the other, an ‘thus fastened both

in triumph to the tree, where, perched on a lofty twig, he chirped |
monotonously and pertinaciously for some time—I could not help
thinking in defiance. In a few minutes, however, the banished one

returned and began chirping no less provokingly, which soon brought °
on another chase and another tussle. I am persuaded that these
were hostile encounters ; for one seemed evidently afraid of the other,
fleeing when the other pursued, though his indomitable spirit would
prompt the chirp of defiance ; and when resting after a battle, I
noticed that this one held his beak open, as if panting. Sometimes:
they would suspend hostilities to suck a few blossoms, but mutual

proximity was sure to bring them on again, with the same result. m)

4 In their tortuous and rapid evolutions the light from their ruby necks i

would occasionally flash in the sun with gem-like radiance ; and as |

they now and then hovered motionless, the broadly expanded tail,

the outer feathers of which are crimson-purple, but when intercepting

the sun’s rays transmit orange-coloured light, added much to their

beauty. A little Banana Quit (Certhiola flaveola), that was peeping

among the blossoms in his own quiet way, seemed now and then to

look with surprise on the combatants ; but when the one had driven

his rival to a longer distance than usual, the vietor set upon the un-

offending Quit, who soon yielded the point, and retired, humbly

enough, to a neighbouring tree. The war (for it was a thorough

campaign, a regular succession of battles) lasted fully an hour, and

then I was called away from the post of observation. Both of the
Humming-Birds appeared to be males.” 7

* All the Humming-Birds have more oF less the habit, when in

iy f | D

om

——

=e See

ESOT BE SA IIE REG Sh ag 2S SS aa eee

weak SSR SS

30

flight, of pausing in the air and throwing the body and tail into rapid
and odd contortions. This is most observable in the Polytmus, from
the effect that such motions have on the long feathers of the tail. That
the object of these quick turns is the capture of insects I am sure, having
watched one thus engaged pretty close tome. I observed it care-
fully, and distinctly saw the minute flies in the air which it pursued
and caught, and heard repeatedly the snapping of the beak. My
presence scarcely disturbed it, if at all.”

In some notes on the ‘Habits of the Humming-Birds of the
Amazon,’ kindly furnished me by Mr. Wallace, that gentleman says—

“The great number of species that frequent flowers, do so, I am
convinced, for the small insects found there, and not for the nectar.

_ In dozens, and perhaps hundreds, of common flower-frequenting

species which I have examined, the crop, stomach, and intestines
have been entirely filled with minute beetles, bees, ants, and spiders,
which abound in most flowers in South America. Very rarely, in-
deed, have I found a trace of honey or of any liquid in the crop or
stomach. The flowers they most frequent are the various species of
Inga, and the papilionaceous flowers of many large forest-trees. I
have never seen them at the Bignonias or any flowers but those which
grow in large masses covering a whole tree or shrub ; as they visit
perhaps a hundred flowers ina minute and never stop at a single one.
The little Emerald Hummer I have seen in gardens and at the com-
mon orange Asclepias, which often covers large spaces of waste ground
in the tropics. But there are many, such as Phaéthornis Eremita,
and some larger allied species, which I have never seen at flowers.
These inhabit the gloomy forest-shades, where they dart about among

‘the foliage, and I have distinctly observed them visit in rapid succes-

sion every leaf on a branch, balancing themselves vertically in the air,
passing their beak closely over the under surface of each leaf, and thus
capturing, no doubt, any small insects that may be upon them.
While doing this the two long feathers of their tail have a vibrating
motion, serving apparently as a rudder to assist them in performing
the delicate operation. I have seen others searching up and down
stems and dead sticks in the same manner, every now and then picking
off something exactly as a Bush-strike, or a Tree-creeper does, with
this exception that the Humming-Bird is constantly on the wing.
They also capture insects in the true fissirostral manner. How often
may they be seen perched on the dead twig of alofty tree—the same
station that is chosen by the tyrant Flycatchers and the Jacamars,
and from which, like those birds, they dart off a short distance and,
after a few whirls and balancings, return to the identical twig they had
left. In the evening too, just after sunset, when the Goat-suckers are
beginning their search after insects over the rivers, I have seen Hum-
ming-Birds come out of the forest and remain a long time on the
wing, now stationary, now darting about with the greatest rapidity,
imitating in a limited space the varied evolutions of their companions
the Goat-suckers, and evidently for the same end and purpose.
“‘Many naturalists have noticed this habit of feeding on insects, but
have generally considered it as the exception, whereas I am inclined

31

to think it is the rule. The frequenting of flowers seems to me only
one of the many ways by which they are enabled to procure their
insect-food.”’

“ Wilson, Audubon, Mr. Gosse, and several others gifted with the.

‘pen of a ready writer,’”’ says Mr. Alfred Newton, “ have so fully
described, as far as words will admit, the habits of different members
of the family Trochilida, that it is unnecessary to say much upon
this score. ‘Their appearance is so entirely unlike that of any other
birds, that it is hopeless to attempt in any way to bring a just con-
ception of it to the ideas of those who have not crossed the Atlantie ;
and even the comparison so often made between them and the Sphin-
gide, though doubtless in the main true, is much to the advantage
of the latter. One is admiring the clustering stars of a scarlet
Cordia, the snowy cornucopias of a Portlandia, or some other brilliant
and beautiful flower, when between the blossom and one’s eye sud-
denly appears a small dark object, suspended as it were between four
short black threads meeting each other in a cross. For an instant
it shows in front of the flower; an instant more, it steadies itself, and
one perceives the space between each pair of threads occupied by a
grey film ; again another instant, and emitting a momentary flash of
emerald and sapphire light, it is vanishing, lessening in the distance,
as it shoots away, to a speck that the eye cannot take note of,—and
all this so rapidly that the word on one’s lips is still unspoken,
scarcely the thought in one’s mind changed. It was a bold man or
an ignorant one who first ventured to depict Humming-Birds flying ;
but it cannot be denied that representations of them in that attitude
are often of special use to the ornithologist. The peculiar action of
one, and probably many or all other species of the family, is such,
that at times, in flying, it makes the wings almost meet, both in.
front and behind, at each vibration. Thus when a bird chances to
enter a room, it will generally go buzzing along the cornice: standing
beneath where it is, one will find that the axis of the body is vertical,
and each wing is describing a nearly perfect semicircle. As might.
be expected, the pectoral muscles are very large ; indeed the sternum
of this bird is a good deal bigger than that of the common Chimney
Swallow (Hirundo rustica, L.). But the extraordinary rapidity
with which the vibrations are effected seems to be chiefly caused by
these powerful muscles acting on the very short wing-bones, which
are not half the length of the same parts in the Swallow; and ac-
cordingly great as this alar action is, and in spite of the contrary
Opinion entertained by Mr. Gosse (Nat. Sojourn in Jamaica, 240),
it is yet sometimes wanting in power, owing doubtless to the dis-
advantageous leverage thus obtained ; and the old authors must be.
credited who speak of cobwebs catching Humming-Birds. .
“On the 3rd of May, 1857, a bird of this species” (Lulampis
chlorolemus, Gould) “ flew into the room where I was sitting, and,
after fluttering for some minutes against the ceiling, came in contact
_ with a deserted spider’s web, in which it got entangled, and re-
mained suspended and. perfectly helpless for more than a minute,
when by a violent effort it freed itself. I soon after caught it, still
D2

32

having fragments of the web on its head, neck, and wings ; and I
teel pretty sure that had this web been inhabited and in good repair,
instead of being deserted and dilapidated, the bird would never have
escaped.” —A. N. : ;

In his ‘Notes on the Humming-Birds of Guatemala,’ Mr. Salvin’
says, “ During the months of August and September the localities of
the various species of Humming-Birds are usually as follows :—
Among the trees on the south-eastern side of the lake” of Duejias
“are Amazilia Devillei, Thaumastura henicura (mostly females),
Campylopterus rufus, Heliomaster longirostris, Chlorostilbon Os-
berti (in small number), Cyanomyia cyanocephala, and Trochilus
colubris.

“On the hill-side to the south-westward of the lake are great
numbers of Campylopterus rufus, and among the willows close to the
water the males of Thaumastura henicura congregate. About the
Convolvulus-trees in the llafio at the foot of the volcano are found
Eugenes fulgens, Amazilia Devillei, Thaumastura henicura (in small
numbers), T'rochilus colubris (very commonly towards the end of
September).

“Entering the first barranco that opens out into the plain, we meet
with Campylopterus rufus, Myiabeillia typica, H eliopedica melanotis,
and a little higher up, Petasophora thalassina and Delattria viridi-
pallens. Of course, occasionally a species is found not in its place as
here indicated ; for instance, I have seen in the first locality a single
specimen (the only female I have met with) of Eugenes fuigens, and
another high in the voleano. I have also seen a single Petasophora
thalassina out on the llafio. These localities must therefore be taken
as only generally indicating the distribution of the species found
about Duefas.”-—Jdis, vol. ii. p. 263.

At the moment of printing these pages, I have received a very in-
teresting letter from my friend the Hon. G. W. Allan, of Moss Park,
Toronto, in which the following passage occurs respecting the Tro-
chilus colubris :—

“I wish you could have been with us last summer, you would have
had an opportunity of watching your favourite Humming-Birds to
your heart's content. I do not in the least exaggerate when I say that,
during the time the horse-chestnuts were in flower, there were hundreds
of these little tiny creatures about my grounds. While sitting in my li-
brary I could hear their little sharp, querulous note, as the males fought
like so many little bantam cocks with each other. On one large
horse-chest.1ut tree, just at the corner of the house, they swarmed
about the foliage like so many bees; and as the top branches of the
tree were close to my bed-room windows, every now and then one
bird, more bold than the rest, would dart into the open window and
perch upon the wardrobe or the top of the bed-post.”

It will be expected that, in a monograph of a group of birds which
have attracted so much notice, some account should be given of their
internal structure, and as our well-known bird-anatomist, T. C. Eyton,
Eisq., who has paid much attention to the subject, has given a very
clear description of that of the largest species of the family—the

38

Patagona gigas—in Mr: Darwin's Zoology of the Voyage of H. M. 8.
Beagle,’ I have much pleasure in transferring it to my pages :—

“Tongue bifid, each division pointed ; hyoids very long, in their
position resembling those in the Picide (Woodpeckers) ; trachea of
uniform diameter, destitute of muscles of voice ; bronchia very long ;
cesophagus funnel-shaped, slightly contracted on approachmg the
proventriculus, which is small and scarcely perceptible ; gizzard small,
moderately muscular, the imner coat slightly hardened, and filled
with the remains of insects; intestine largest near the gizzard ; I
could not perceive a vestige of caca. Length of the cesophagus,
including the proventriculus, 1} inch ; of the intestinal canal 33;
length of the gizzard 3, breadth 3.

« Sternum with the keel very deep, its edge rounded and project-
ing anteriorly ; posterior margin rounded, and destitute of indentation
or fissure ; the ridges to which the pectoral muscles have their attach-
ment large and prominent, the horizontal portion much narrowed
anteriorly, consequently the junctions of the coracoids are very near
together. ;

“Pelvis short, very broad; os pubis long, curved upwards at the
extremities, projecting far downwards, and posteriorly beyond the
termination of the caudal vertebree ; the ischiatie foramen small and
linear ; femora placed far backwards; coracoids short, very strong,

their extremities much diverging ; os furcatum short, slightly arched

near the extremities of the rami, which are far apart, furnished with

only a small process on its approach to the sternum ; scapula flat-

tened, long, broadest near the extremity ; humerus, radius, and ulna
short, the metacarpal bones longer than either ; the former furnished
with ridges much elevated for the attachment of the pectoral mus-
cles ; caudal and dorsal vertebree with the transverse processes long
and expanded ; cranium of moderate strength, the occipital portion

- indented with two furrows, which pass over the vertex, and in which

the hyoids lie ; orbits large, divided by a complete bony septum ; the
lacrymal bones large, causing an expansion of the bill near the
nostrils.

«Number of cervical vertebree 10, dorsal 6, sacral 9, caudal 5;
total 30. -

«‘ Number of true ribs 5, false 4; total 9.” _

Dr. Davy states that the blood-corpuscles of a recently killed
Humming-Bird, examined by him in Barbadoes, ‘‘ were beautifully
definite, regular and uniform. T he disk very thin, perfectly flat ; the
nucleus slightly raised, and the two corresponding in outline. The
corpuscles 1-2666th by 1-4000th of an inch, the long diameter of
the nucleus very nearly 1-4000th. The blood was small in quantity,
as I apprehend is the blood of birds generally, but not deficient
in red corpuscles. I have found its temperature to be about 105
degrees.”

I have found it impossible to divide the Humming-Birds into
more than two subfamilies—Phaéthornithine and Trochiline—for
I find no such well-marked divisions among. them as will enable me

34

so to do; neither can I arrange them in anything like a continuous
series ; so many gaps occur here and there, that one is almost led
to the belief that many forms have either died out or have not yet
been discovered ; consequently I am unable to commence with any
one genus and arrange the remainder in accordance with their
affinity. Whenever I have observed an apparent relationship be-
tween two or more genera, they have been placed in contiguity, and
the species which appear to be allied to each other are arranged in
continuous succession. I do not consider one species more typical
than another ; all are equally and beautifully adapted for the purposes
they are intended to perform.

The following Synopsis will be found to contain a general view of
the subject; and as it also comprises the additional information I
have been able to obtain during the progress of the work, should
always be consulted.

I shall now give the general characters by which the Trochilide
are distinguished :—

Body small;
longer than the

protrusion, and bifid at the tip; nostrils y
an operculum ; wings lengthened, pointed, the first of which is the
longest, except in the genus dithurus, where it is the second 3 pri-
maries ten in number; tarsi and feet very diminutive ; tail con-
sisting of ten feathers. ‘The entire structure adapted for aérial pro-
gression.

Subfamily I. PHAETHORNITHINA.

I commence my first volume with that well-marked section of the
family comprising the genera Grypus, Eutoxeres, Phaéthornis, and °
their allies. The members of all these genera are remarkable for
being destitute of metallic brillianey, and, as their trivial name of
“hermits ” implies, for affecting dark and gloomy situations. They
constitute, perhaps, the only group of the great family of Humming-
Birds which frequent the interior of the forests, and there obtain
their insect food, some from the underside of the leaves of the great
trees, while others assiduously explore their stems in search of such
lurking insects as may be concealed in the crevices of the bark.
It has been said that spiders constitute the food of many species
of this group; and I believe that such ‘is the case, for we find the
bills admirably adapted for their capture, particularly those of
‘Grypus and Eutoxeres. To individualize by name any particular
country in South America in which these birds are found is un-
necessary, for they are generally distributed over its temperate and
hotter portions; but they are not to be met with either very far
north or very far south of the equator; that is to say, their range
is bounded northwardly by Southern Mexico, and southwardly by
Bolivia. Within these limits, the high and the low lands are alike
tenanted by them ;- but it isin the equatorial region that they are the

35

most numerous, and where all, or nearly all, the genera have repre-
sentatives. In the colouring of their plumage the sexes are generally

alike. As a whole, they form a well-marked division distinguished [

by their own especial peculiarities of form and style of plumage.

Genus Gryrus, Spiz.

This form, which comprises two species, both natives of Brazil,
is remarkable for the bill of the male being different in structure

from that of the female.

1. Grypus NEVIUS . Seen a, Bret Pen en Ue Pl. I.

Trochilus nevius, Dumont, Temm., Vieill., Drap., Burm.

—— squamosus, Licht.

Grypus ruficollis, Spix.

Mellisuga nevia, Steph.

Ramphodon maculatum, Less.

— nevius, Less., Jard.

Grypus nevius, Gray & Mitch., Bonap.

+ Phathornis nevius, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 152.

* Ramphodon nevius, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 15; Id. T roch.
Enum. p. 12; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 3.

Habitat. South-eastern Brazil.

9. Grypus Spixt, Gould - - + + + 2 tt 8 Vol. I. Pl. II.

* Ramphodon chrysurus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 15; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 12?
Habitat. Brazil.

The law of adaptation is perhaps equally carried out in every one
of the multiplied forms, not only of ornithology, but of every other
department of nature’s works, each being. constructed for some
given purpose contributing to the well-being of the animal ; in some
instances, however, particular developments are more striking and
singular than in others. The form to which the generic name of Bu-
toxeres has been given is a case in point. Of this remarkable genus
two species are known, poth of which are natives of the Andes of
Ecuador, New Granada, and Veragua. It would be most interesting
to become acquainted with their peculiar modes of life, and to ascer-
tain for what end their singularly curved bills were designed. Some
persons affirm that it is for the purpose of probing the scaly covering
of the upright stems of certain trees, and others for the exploration
of peculiar cup-shaped flowers, such as that of the orchid which I
have figured in the plate of Eutoxeres Aquila. Whatever may be the
design, future research must determine it; all that we at present know
is, that this form does exist, and that there is none other which

approaches to it. In size the two species are very similar, but there

are good and plain specific characters by which they may be distin-

- guished, and which will, I trust, be sufficiently apparent on reference

to the plates in which the birds are represented.

36

Genus Evroxeres, Peichenb.

The oldest-known species of this form is the—

3. OVO aS GGA AE yoke we Se eo aa, Pi kit.

Trochilus Aquila, Lodd., Bourc.
Politmus Aquila, Gray & Mitch.
Glaucis Aquila, Bonap.
*EHutoxeres Aquila, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p- 15; Id. Troch,
Enum. p. 12; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p- 3, note.
*Myiaétina aquila, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 249.

. Habitat. Costa Rica, New Granada, and Ecuador.

The following notes respecting this species by Dr. J. King Mer-
ritt will be read with interest. They are extracted from the 6th
volume of the ‘ Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New
York,’ p. 139:-—

‘“‘ It was, as near as I can recollect, during the month of Septem-
ber 1852 that I saw for the first time and obtained a specimen of
this (to me) curious and novel bird, I was at that time stationed
in the mountainous district of Belen, province of Veragua, New
Granada.

“ My attention at that particular period was directed towards
the collection of specimens of the Humming-Bird family. One
day, while out hunting a short distance from the camp, I was startled
by the swift approach of a small object through the close thicket,
which darted like a rifle bullet past me, with a loud hum and
buzzing of wings. Indeed, it was this great noise that accompanied
its flight that especially attracted my attention as something un-
common. pad

“ The bird continued its flight but a short distance beyond the
spot where I stood, when it suddenly stopped in its rapid course
directly in front of a flower. There for a moment poising itself in
this position, it darted upon the flower in a peculiar manner ; in
fact, the movements which now followed were exceedingly curious,
_ Instead of inserting its beak into the calyx by advancing in a direct
line towards the flower, as customary with this class of birds, this
one performed a curvilinear movement, at first stooping forward
while it introduced its beak into the calyx, and then, when appa-
rently the point of the beak had reached the desired locality in the
flower, its body suddenly dropped downwards, so that it seemed as
though it was suspended from the flower by the beak. That this
was not actually the case, the continued rapid movement of its wings
demonstrated beyond a doubt. In this position it remained the or-
dinary length of time, and then, by performing these movements in
the reverse order and direction, it freed itself from the flower, and
afterwards proceeded to the adjoining one, when the same opera-
tion was repeated as already described.

“The flower from which it fed is somewhat peculiar in form, &c.
The plant belongs to the Palm species, and grows in low marshy

37

places, on or near the margins of rivers and mountain streams. It
consists of a dozen or more straight stems, each of which terminates
above in a broad expanded leaf that somewhat resembles the plan-
tain. These stems all start from a clump at the surface of the
ground, but they immediately separate, aud slightly diverge from.
each other. The stems with the leaf grow to the height of six to
ten feet, more or less. From one or two of the centre stems a flower-
stalk puts forth, which hangs pendent, and to this are attached
alternately on either side the flowers, while the space between each
corresponds with the attachment of the one on the opposite side of
the stalk.

“ The flower resembles somewhat in form the Roman helmet
inverted, and is attached, as it were, by the point of the crest to the
stalk. It is a fleshy mass, and the cavity of the calyx extends in a
tortuous manner downwards towards the attachment of the flower
to the stalk.”

4, EUTOXERES ConDAMINEI er reer a ere IV.

Trochilus Condamini, Boure. .
* Buioxeres Condaminei, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 15; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 12; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 3, note.
* Myiuétina condamini, Bonap. Rev. et —Mag. de Zool. 1854,
p- 249.

Habitat. Eastern Ecuador. :

For the knowledge of the existence of E. Condaminei science
is indebted to the researches of M. Bourcier, who brought specimens
from Archidona.

Genus Giaucis, Boié.

This genus comprises at least six species, three of which are very
nearly allied. It will be seen, on reference. to my account of
G. hirsutus, that when it was written I was much perplexed with
regard to its synonymy, or rather, as to whether the small red-
coloured bird, G. mazeppa, was or was not identical with it; and
although some years have since elapsed, I have not even now been
able to arrive ata satisfactory solution of the difficulty. Under these
circumstances, I think it will be best to regard the G. mazeppa as
distinct; and this view of the subject is supported by the fact that
‘I do not find small red-coloured birds accompanying the allied
species, affinis, Lawr., which is a native of Bogota. I think it
likely that all these birds, when fully adult, have the tail shorter
‘and more rounded than during the period of immaturity or at the
end of the first year of their existence. The youthful state then is
indicated by a more cuneate form of tail, all the feathers of which
are pointed and tipped with white; and as the birds advance in age
—that is, at each moult—the tail-feathers become more rounded
and the white tipping less, until at length it is reduced to a mere
fringe, existing in some instances on the middle feathers alone.

The distribution of the species of the genus Glaucis extends over

38

the whole of the eastern parts of Brazil, the Guianas, Trinidad,
Tobago, Venezuela, the banks of the Amazon, New Granada, and
Veragua.

Oe SR RGIS TEMS Sek cs ee Vol. I. Pl. V.
Trochilus hirsutus, Gmel., Vieill., Dumont, T emm., Less., Jard.
Phethornus hirsutus, Jard. & Selb.

Polytmus Brasiliensis, Briss.

Lrochilus Brasiliensis, Lath.

Polyimus hirsutus, Gray & Mitch.

Glaucis hirsutus, Boié, Bonap.
hirsuta, Reich.

*Trochilus Dominicus, Licht. Doubl. p. 12; Cab. Schomb. Reise
Guian. tom. iii. p. 708.

*—____. ferrugineus, Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 20.

*——__—_ superciliosus, foem., Less. Hist. Nat. des Col. p. 38,
pl. 7; Id. Traité d’Orn. p. 289; Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-
Birds, vol. ii. p- 120, pl. 27; Burm. Th. Bras. tom. li. p. 324.

* hirsuta, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ili. p. 4.

Habitat. Eastern Brazil, Venezuela, and the Island of Trinidad.

6. Graucis Mazerppa . .., Serre 6) be Oe

*Gilaucis Mazeppa, Less. Troch. p. 18, pl.3; Jard. Nat. Lib.
Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 130.
*Phaéthornis Mazeppa, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
. 162. .
*Poiiiinus mazeppa, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. ii. p- 108
Polytmus, sp. 32.
*Glaucis Mazeppa, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p- 15.

Habitat. Cayenne, the Guianas, and the Islands of Trinidad and
Tobago.

“ This little bird,” says Mr. Kirk, “is the most restless of all the
Humming-Bird tribe ; it can scarcely be said to be seen at rest, but
darting right and left, zigzag. At times, when suddenly surprised
feeding, uttering a sharp squeak it will dart off and disappear like a
meteor ; at other times it will seem as if suspended for several seconds
by the point of the bill within three feet of a person’s face, after
which it is sure to disappear like lightning; in these cases it trul
assumes an attitude which a stranger might construe into a medi.
tated attack upon his person. I have often been induced to strike
at them with my fowling-piece from their proximity.”—* Hore
Loologice,’ by Sir W. Jardine, Bart., in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
Vol XS. D. 372.

?

7. GLAUCIS AEPINIS, Laon, 2° Ee os eee VIL.
* Glaucis affinis, Lawr.in Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. vi,
p- 261.
Habitat. The high lands of New Granada. Specimens are fre-
quently sent from Bogota.

39

8° Giabers wancmonatus, Gould dex! 0 0 MoldidPl WIN.

Habitat. Para.

9. GLAucIs mELANURA, Gold... . . + Vole I PLEX.
Habitat. The banks of the Rio Napo and the Rio Negro.

i Camtee one . Se ee ee, VOL LT

Trochilus Dohrnii, Boure.
Glaucis Dorhni, Bonap., Reich.
* Glaucis Dohrni, Cab: et Hein. Mus. Hein. ‘Theil iii. p. 4.

Habitat. Southern Brazil.

M. Bourcier has given Ecuador as the locality where his speci-
men was procured; but my bird was received direct from the dis-
trict of Espirito Santo in Brazil.

Miadahaois MuCKERT . seu 6 a te Shien: VOR a. ke

Trochilus Ruckert, Bourc.
Polytmus Ruckeri, Gray & Mitch.
* Threnetes Ruckeri, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 15; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 12.
* Glaucis Ruckeri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 4.

Habitat. Veragua.

19. Guaucis Fraser, Gould . . . . « - Vol. 1 Pll XII.
* Glaucis Ruckeri, Sclat. in Proc. of Zool. Soc. part 28. p. 296.

Mr. Fraser collected at Babahoyo, in Ecuador, specimens of a bird
which both Dr. Sclater and myself considered to be identical with
the Glaucis Ruckeri, but which, on a more minute comparison with
specimens from Veragua, I find to be sufficiently different to entitle
it to be regarded as distinct ; I have therefore named it after its
discoverer, as a just tribute to one who has played a good part in
the furtherance of science. The G. Fraseri differs from G. Ruckert
in being rather larger in size, in having a smaller amount of rusty
red on the chest, and in having a decidedly grey breast; in other
respects the two birds are very similar.

The following is Mr. Fraser’s note respecting this species :—

“ Found on the edge of the virgin forest; always solitary; gene-
rally in dark and lonely places, and very restless. Irides hazel ;
upper mandible black, lower yellow, with a black tip; legs and feet
flesh-colour.” .

Habitat. Ecuador.

Allied to the last form are the members of the genus Threnetes ;
these birds are not distinguished by any brilliancy of colouring,
but two of them are very prettily marked about the throat and
chest.

Surinam and the adjacent countries are given as the habitat of

40

T. leucurus, while the banks of the Rio Napo are known to be the
home of the bird I have called cervinicauda; and the sombre-
plumaged Antonie is a native of Cayenne and the Guianas. I
believe that the females of all three species are clothed like the
males.

Genus THRENETES, Gould.

(Opnvnrijs, a mourner.)

Generic characters.

Male.— Bill lengthened, arched, and pointed ; wings moderately
long, and rounded at the tip; ¢az/ short, square, or rounded; ¢arsi
partially clothed; feet very small; hind toe and nail short.

EOL ER BNET ie GEUOURUS:-<. 4, sas, . 2) Vb bok wee
Trochilus leucurus, Linn., Gmel., Lath., Less., Vieill., Dumont,
Drap. ;
Polytmus Surinamensis, Briss.
- leucurus, Gray & Mitch.
Gilaucis leucurus, Bonap.
* Threnetes leucurus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p.15; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 12.

Habitat. Surinam and British Guiana.

14. THRENETES CERVINICAUDA, Gould . . . Vol. I. Pl. XIV.

* Threnetes cervinicauda, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc. part 22.
Damo oe

Habitat. Province of Quijos in Ecuador.

15. THRENETES ANTONIE ee Po be, Oe ae eee ee

Trochilus Antonie, Bourc. et Muls.
Polytmus Antonie, Gray & Mitch.
Lampornis Antonie, Bonap.
* Aphantochroa Antoniae, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p.- 15; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 12.

Habitat. Cayenne and the Guianas.

I now enter upon the genus Phaéthornis, the members of which
are so widely dispersed, that the remark I made on the extended
distribution of the entire group is almost applicable to this section of
it. In the body of this work I have figured nearly thirty species
under this generic appellation, including therein the smaller kinds
to which Bonaparte gave the name of Pygmornis, a term I shall
now adopt for these little birds: but a further subdivision of the
group I cannot for a moment entertain; the separation of the P. Bour-
cieré into a distinct genus, for which the term Ametrornis has been
proposed by Dr. Reichenbach, and of the P. Guyi under that of Toxo-
teuches by Dr. Cabanis, being, in my opinion, quite unnecessary,

Ad

Genus PHakrHornis, Swains.

16. PHA#THORNIS EURYNOME - - + + + ° Vol. I. Pi. XVE.
Trochilus Eurynome, Less. .
Eurynomus, Jard. }
Phetornis eurynomus, Gray & Mitch., Bonap.

* Phethornis Eurynomus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
p- 150.

* Phaétornis eurynome, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 67, Phaé-

. tornis, sp. 5.

* Trochilus melanotis, “ Licht.” Nordm. Erm. Reis. Atl. p. 2.

* Phetornis melanotis, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 104,
Phetornis, sp. 3; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 67, Phe-
tornis, sp. 3.

* Ptyonornis Hurynome, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 12. .

* Phaéthornis eurynome, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 9.

Habitat. Brazil.

17. PHAETHORNIS MALARIS. —
Phaéthornis superciliosus . - + + ss * Vol. I. Pl. XVII.

* Phaéthornis malaris, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 10),
sp.2; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 67, sp. 2; Cab. et Hein.
Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 9.

* Colibri a longue queue de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 600, 3.

* Brin blane mdle, Vieill. Ois. Dor. tom. i. p. 37, pl.17..

* Trochilus superciliosus, Id. Enc. Méth. Orn. part 2. p. 549, sp. oe
Less. Hist. Nat. des Col. p. 35, pl. 6 ; Id. Traité d’Orn. p. 288 ;

Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 119, pl. 26; Cab.

Schomb. Reise Guian. iii. p. 708 ; Burm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 323.

malaris, “ Licht.” Nordm. Erm, Reis. Atl. p. 2, 15.

* Phaéthornis superciliosus, Swains. Class. of Birds, vol. il. p. 330;
Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 1505 Gray & Mitch.
Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 104, Phetornis, sp. 1; Bonap. Consp.
Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 67, Phetornis, sp. 1 ; Pelzeln, Sitz. Acad.
Wien. 1856, p. 157, 1. ,

Habitat. Cayenne, the Guianas, and Northern Brazil ?

*

It will be seen that the above list of synonyms differs from
those given with my account of this species. I adopt them on
the authority of Dr. Cabanis, who considers that I am in error in
applying the term superciliosus to the bird I have figured under
that name, and that it properly belongs to the one I have called
Pretrei,—an opinion which is probably correct, as the German natu-
valists are doubtless better acquainted with the type specimens of
continental writers than we can be: the synonyms of malaris and
superciliosus are therefore given as stated by Dr. Cabanis.

4-2

18. PHAETHORNIS CONSOBRINUS.

* Trochilus consobrinus, “ Boure.” Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. ee
*Phethornis Moorei, Lawr. in Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York,
vol. vi. p. 259.
Habitat. New Granada, Ecuador, and the banks of the Napo..

This is the bird so commonly sent from Bogota, and which so
closely assimilates both to the malaris (superciliosus of my work)
and longirostris (cephalus). It ranges over the north-western parts
of Venezuela and New Granada. I have also a specimen from
Archidona in Ecuador. A great number of specimens from all
these countries are now before me, and among them two named
consobrinus by M. Bourcier himself, and one from Mr. Lawrence
of New York, labelled P. Moorei, proving that. these two names
have been applied to the same bird.

19. PHAETHORNIS FRATERCULUS, Gould . . Vol. I. Pl. XVIII.
Habitat. Cayenne and the neighbouring countries.

Every ornithologist who has paid attention to the Zrochilide
must have seen a Humming-Bird from Cayenne and the adjacent
countries which is very similar to, but smaller than, the malaris (su-
perciliosus of this monograph); yet, strange to say, I find no de-
scription that, will accord. with it. I have therefore given it the
pl Me specific appellation. It is possible that it may be the female
of

he malaris (superciliosus).

20. PHAHTHORNIS LONGIROSTRIS . . . . ~ Vol. I. Pl. XIX.
Trochilus longirostris, De Latt.
————. cephalus, Boure. et Muls., Gray & Mitch.
Phetornis cephalus, Bonap.
Ptyonornis cephalus, Reichenb.
* Phaéthornis longirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 9.

Habitat. Central America.

21. PHAETHORNIS SYRMATOPHORUS, Gould . . Vol. I. Pl. XX.
Habitat. Ecuador.

“ Trides hazel; upper mandible black; lower mandible red, tipped
with black; legs and feet dark flesh-éolour. Stomach contained
yellow insects. Allinsects previously examined amongst the Hum-
ming-Birds have been black.” —Fraser in Proc. of Zool. Soc. part 27,
p. 145.

22. PHatruornis Boxiviana, Gould.

Upper mandible black; under mandible yellow, with a dark tip;
above and beneath the eye a stripe of buff; chin smoky brown;
throat, chest, belly, and under tail-coverts dull reddish-fawn colour ;
crown dark brown, each feather faintly striated with buff; all the
upper surface dull reddish fawn-colour, crescented with small marks

|
= ee \

43

of brown; base of the four outer tail-feathers on each side bronzy
green, to which suceeeds a bar of black, beyond which the tip is
reddish buff; the two prolonged centre feathers bronze at the base,
then brownish black, and white for the remainder of their length.
Total length 53 inches, bill 12, wing 2}, tail 23.
Habitat. Bolivia.

This bird is somewhat allied to P. syrmatophorus; but it is of much
smaller size and has the throat and chest differently coloured, those
parts being obscure smoky grey without the conspicuous streakings
of buff; the whole under-surface also, as well as the rump, is less
richly coloured.

93, PHAETHORNIS PHILIPPI PT icp AW Olea tale XXI.

Trochilus Philippii, Boure.
De Filippit, Boure.
Phatornis Philippi, Gray & Mitch.
Phaétornis philippi, Bonap.
- Orthornis defilippi, Bonap.
Ametrornis De Filippi, Reichenb.
* Ametrornis Defilippii, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 10, note.

Habitat. Peru or Bolivia.

94, PHAETHORNIS HISPIDUS, Gould a ena PR aT.
Trochilus ( ?) hispidus, Gould.
Phetornis hispidus, Gray & Mitch.
Phaétornis hispidus,. Bonap.
* Ptyonornis hispida, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 12.

Habitat. Bolivia.

95, PHABTHORNIS OSERYI- - + + + + + Vol. I. Pl. XXIII.
Trochilus Oseryi, Boure. et Muls.
| Ametrornis Osery?, Reichenb.
Orthornis osery?, Bonap.
Phethornis villosus, Lawr.

Habitat. New Granada and Ecuador.

26. PHAHTHORNIS ANTHOPHILUS + «© + - Vol. I. Pl. XXIV.

Trochilus Anthophilus, Boure.
Phetornis anthophilus, Gray & Mitch., Bonap.
Phaétornis anthophilus, Bonap.
7 * Phaethornis anthophila, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 9.

Habitat. New Granada.
27. PHAETHORNIS Bountrent..-.° «.- -. Vol. ET. PL XAXY.

Trochilus Bourcieri, Less.
Phetornis Bourciert, Gray & Mitch.

— - a — SSS SS ee =

a

44

Phaétornis bourcieri, Bonap.
* Trochilus Bourcieri, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
p- 124.
* Phethornis Bourcieri, Id. p- 150.
* Orthornis Bourcieri, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 249.
* Ametrornis Bourciert, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id. Troch.
Enum. p.12; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 10.

Habitat. Cayenne and the adjacent countries.

Oe PaAareronwis GuYt 2.62% Yo 4 t40dis “Vekd? PRE wie

Trochilus Guy, Less., Jard.
Ornismya G'uy, Delatt. Echo du Monde Savant, no. 45, Juin 15,
1843, col. 1069. :
Phetornis Guy, Gray & Mitch.
Phaétornis Guy, Bonap.
Trochilus apicalis, Licht., Tsch.
-Phetornis apicalis, Gray & Mitch.
Phaétornis apicalis, Bonap. .
*Phethornis Guy, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 150;
Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p.14; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 12.
* Guyornis typus, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 249.
* Toxoteuches Guyi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 11.

Habitat. Trinidad.

29. PHAHTHORNIS EMILI&.
Trochilus Emilie, Boure.

*Phetornis Emilia, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 104,
Phetornis, sp.’7; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. vol. i. p. 68, Phaé-
tornis, sp. 7.

Habitat. New Granada.

On reference to my account of P. Guyi, it will be seen that I
questioned whether the Trochilus Emilie of M. Bourcier was not
identical with that species; but having since seen a great number
of examples of the latter from Bogota, and of the former from
Trinidad, I find that each possesses certain characters by which
an experienced ornithologist would be able at once to say whence
specimens of either had been received. The Andean bird, when
fully adult, is rather larger in size, is much darker in general ap-
pearance, has the chin stripes less conspicuous, the apical two-
thirds of the tail-feathers blacker, and their basal third and the
upper tail-coverts bluish green instead of pure green. The differ-
ences in the two birds are, in fact, precisely analogous to those which
occur between the Glaucis hirsutus and G. affinis.

307 PHAMrHoRNIs Yarvour. . «= <'o:( Wohi’ Ph AW,

Trochilus Yaruqui, Boure.
*Phaéthornis Yarugui, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p..14; Id. Troeh.
Enum. p. 12.
*Guyornis Yaruqui, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 24.9.

45

* Toxoteuches Yaruqui, Cab.et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p.11, note.
Habitat. Ecuador. .

“Upper mandible black; lower deep red with a black tip; legs
and feet reddish.”—Frraser, Proc. of Zool. Soc. part 28, p» G4. —

As the last three species advance in age their tails become shorter,
their feathers broader, and the white fringing of the lateral ones
almost obsolete.

| 31. PHAETHORNIS SUPERCILIOSUS. .
| Mico Presta 6 Pee ORR XXVIII. |

* Polytmus Cayanensis longicaudus, Briss. Orn. tom. iii. p. 686, 13,
tab. 35. fig. 5. .

* Trochilus superciliosus, Linn. Syst. Nat. tom. i. p. 139; Lath. Ind.
Orn.tom. i.p.302; Wied, Beitr. tom.iv.p.116 ; “ Licht.” Nordm.
Erm. Reis. Atl. p. 2,16.

*________ Pretrei, Delatt. et Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 20.

*.____ brasiliensis, Cab. in Schomb. Reis. Guian. tom. ili.

: elas FOG:

* Phetornis Pretrei, Gray, Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 104, Phetornis,

sp. 16, pl. 35; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 68, Phetornis,
‘-—gpel5:

* Trochilus affinis, Natt. in Mus. Vindob.

* Phathornis affinis, Pelzeln, Sitz. Acad. Wien, 1857, p. 157.

- superciliosus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 9.

Habitat. Eastern Brazil.

As in the case of P. malaris, the above list of synonyms is given
on the authority of Dr. Cabanis.

32. PuaiirHornts AUGUSTI . : eae TEMES | 0s Oe rel © <e.

Trochilus Augusti, Boure.
Phetornis Augusta, Gray & Mitch.
augustt, Bonap.
Phaétornis augustae, Bonap.
*Phaéthornis Augusti, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id. Troch.
Enum. p.12. . .

Habitat. Venezuela. {'

33. PHAETHORNIS SQUALIDUS.
Phaéthornis intermedius - - * + = * Vol. I. Pl. XXX.
* Trochilus squalidus, “ Natt.” Temm. Pl. Col. 120. fig. 1; Less.

Man. d’Orn. p. 289; Id. Hist. Nat. des Col. p. 40, pl.8; Id.
Traité d’Orn. p. 289; Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.

p- 125.

intermedius, Less. Troch. p. 65, pl. 19; Jard. Nat. Lib.

Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 123.
leucophrys, “ Licht.” Nordm, Erm. Reis. Atl. p. 2, 18.

E

siege ee ee a

46

*Phethornis squalidus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
p-151; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 68, sp.11; Burm.
Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 325.

, intermedius, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
p. 150; Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 104, sp. 8;

_ Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 67, Phaetornis, sp. 8.

* ____—__ leucophrys, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 104,
sp. 4.

* brasiliensis, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 104,
sp. 10.

* Ptyonornis intermedia, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14 ; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 12.

* Phaéthornis squalida, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 8.

Habitat. South-eastern Brazil.

We now come to that section to which Bonaparte gave the name
of Pygmornis. As the term implies, these birds are all extremely
diminutive; so minute, indeed, are they, that, if subjected to the
balance, their tiny bodies must be weighed by grains. That these
mites of birds perform some important office in the scale of nature
is certain, from the number both of species and individuals: they
are very widely dispersed over every part of the great country which
is inhabited by this extensive family of birds; with the exception of
one species, however (the P. Adolphi), they all fly to the southward
of the Isthmus of Panama. How minute must be the insects taken

by these diminutive birds, how perfect must be their vision, and how
~ » delicately sensitive must be their tongues!

The only external difference between the sexes consists in the
' longer and more graduated tails of the females; in colour they are
as nearly alike as possible.

34. PyGmMoRNIs LONGUEMAREUS.
- Phaéthornis Longuemareus- - . . . ~ Vol. I. Pl. XXXI.
Trochilus Longuemareus, Less.
Phetornis Longuemareus, Gray & Mitch.
Phaétornis Longuemareus, Bonap.
Phaéthornis Longuemari, Reich.
‘* Trochilus Longuemareus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
p. 126; Cab. in Schomb. Reis. Guian. tom. iii. p. 709.
* Phethornis Longuemareus, Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. ii. p. 151.
* Pygmornis Longuemarei, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 7,
note.
Habitat. Cayenne, Guiana, Trinidad, and the eastern part of
~ ‘Venezuela. idee
35. PyGMoRNis AMAURA.
Phaéthornis Amaura . . - + + + + Vol. I. Pl. XXXII.
Pygmornis Amaura, Boure.
. Phethornis atrimentalis, Lawr.
* Pygmornis amaura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 7, note.
Habitat. Banks of the River Napo.

47

36. PyGMorNis ASPASI®. eae Reo
. Phaéthornis viridicaudata, Gould . . ~ Vol. I. Pl. XXXII.

*Trochilus Aspasie, Boure. et Muls. Ann. de la Soe. Linn. de.
Lyon, tom. iii. 1856.

* Phaéthornis viridicaudata, Gould, Proc. of Zool. Soc. 1857, p. 14.

* Trochilus (Polytmus) pygmaeus, Tschudi, Consp. p. 36; Id. Faun.
Per. p. 243. .

* Pygmornis viridicaudata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 7;
note.

Habitat. Brazil and Peru.

37. PyamMornis zoNuRA, Gould.
Phaéthornis zonura, Gould . . . . . Vol. I. Pl. XXXIV.
Habitat. Peru.

38. Pycmornis AvoLPHI.
Phaéthornis Adolphi, Boure.. . . . . Vol. I. Pl. XXXV.

' Phaéthornis Adolphi, Bourc.
' Pygmornis Adolphi, Parzudaki. .
* Pygmornis Adolphi, “ Sallé, MSS.” Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.
Theil iii. p. 7, note. =e
Habitat. Central America.

“This,” says Mr. Salvin, “is an abundant species in the forest
about Yzabal, but the density of the under growth renders it ex-
tremely difficult to obtain a shot at so small and active an object.
The bird is by no means shy, and takes but little notice of an ob-
server—even searching the flowers almost within arm’s reach, for the
insects and honey therein contained. In movement it is extremely
elegant and graceful, and, flitting from flower to flower, shows its
beautifully. formed tail conspicuously in every motion. Like all
others of its family, it selects a small twig for its perch, giving pre-
ference to a dead one. While at rest it trims its feathers dexter-
ously with its bill, which every now and then it cleans by rubbing
it first on one side and then on the other of the twig on which it
stands.”—‘ Ibis,’ vol. i. p. 127.

39. PyGMoRNIS GRISEOGULARIS, Gould.

- Phaéthornis griseogularis, Gowld . . . Vol. I. Pl. XXXVI.
“* Pygmornis griseigularis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theiliii. p. 8.
_ Habitat. New Granada; and Ecuador?

In my description of this species I have inadvertently stated that
it has a crescent of black across the breast, which is not the case.
_ Mr. Bell of New York informs me that he has heard the “ little
Pygmornis of Panama,” by which I believe the present bird is
intended, “sing beautifully, the notes forming a soft, shrill, and
pretty song.”
EQ

48

40. PyGMorNIS STRIIGULARIS, Gould.
Phaéthornis-striigularis, Gould . . + Vol. I. Pl. XX XVII.
* Pygmornis striigularis, Cab.et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p.'7, note.
Habitat. New Granada.

41. Pygmornis IDALIZ.
Phaéthornis obscura, Gowld . . . . Vol. I. Pl. XXXVIII.
* Trochilus Idalia, Bourc. et Muls. Ann. de la Soc. Linn. de Lyon,
tom. iii. 1856.
* Phethornis obscura, Gould, Proc. of Zool. Soc. 1857, p. 14.
* Pygmornis obscura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 7, note.
Habitat. Brazil.

42. Pyemornis NIGRICINCTUS.
Phaéthornis nigricinctus, Lawr. . Vol. I. Pl. XXXIX. fig. 1.

Phaéthornis nigricinctus, Lawr.
* Pygmornis nigricincta, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 7, note.

Habitat. The forests bordering the upper part of the River
Amazon.

43. Pyemornis Eriscopus, Gould.
Phaéthornis Episcopus, Gould . . Vol. I. Pl. XXXIX. fig. 2.

Phaéthornis Episcopus, Gould.
* Pygmornis episcopus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 7, note.

Habitat. British Guiana.

44. PYGMORNIS RUFIVENTRIS.

* Brin blane jeune dge, Vieill. Ois. Dor. tom. i. p. 39, pl. 19.

* Trochilus rufigaster, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. tom. vii.
p- 357; Id. Enc. Méth. Orn. part ii. p. 551.

*—____. Davidianus, Less. Troch. p. 50, pl. 13; Jard. Nat. Lib.
Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 127.

* Phethornis Davidianus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
p- 151; Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i, p- 108, sp. 13.

“a — rufigaster, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 108,
sp. 12. ;

Pas A pygmaeus, Cab. in Schomb. Reis. Guian. tom. iii. p.’708.

* Bremita Davidianus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 11.

*Pygmornis Davidianus, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 250.

24 — rufiventris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 7, note.

Habitat. Cayenne.

_ The above list of synonyms are given on the authority of Dr.
Cabanis : it is just possible that they may refer to the female of my
P. Episcopus; but I fear that this cannot at present be satisfactorily
determined.

——————

=

49

45. Pyamornis Eremita, Gould.

Phaéthornis Eremita, Gould » .°. + + +. Vol. tT. PL XL.

Trochilus Brasiliensis, Temm.
———— rujfigaster, Less.
Phetornis rufigaster, Gray & Mitch.
Phaéthornis Eremita, Gould.
*Trochilus Brasiliensis, Less. Man. d’Orn, tom. ii. p. 75; Id.
Traité d’Orn. p. 289... - .
*____ mfigaster, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
p- 83, pl. 4.»
* Phethornis rufigaster, Jard. Nat. Lib, Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
p. 151; Burm. Th. Bras, tom. ii. p. 326.
* Phatornis, sp., Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. iii. App. p. 30a.
* Phaétornis eremita, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 68, Phae-
tornis, sp. 12.
* Hremita rufigaster, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id. Troch.
LO ire Ue? & | Sanh eee
* Pygmornis rufigaster, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 250.
_ eremita, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 7.

Habitat. Northern Brazil, Bahia, the banks of the Lower Amazon.

46. PYGMORNIS PYGMEA.
-Phaéthornis pygmeus - - + + + + + > Vol. I. Pl. X%LI.

Trochilus pygmaeus, Spix.
Phaétornis pygmeus, Bonap.
*Trochilus Brasiliensis, Wied, Beitr. tom. iv. p. P11.
.: pygmaeus, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 327.
*Bremita pygmaeus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id. Troeh.
Enum. p. 10.
* Pygmornis pygmaea, Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 6.

Habitat. South-eastern Brazil.

Subfamily Il. TROCHILIN/.

I commence the second volume with the Campylopteri, a group
of Humming-Birds distinguished by their great size, by the diver-
sity of their colouring, and by the broad dilated shafts of the first
three primaries or quill-feathers of the males. The members of this
group are spread over nearly the whole of the temperate regions of
America, from Mexico to the equator, including Brazil, Guiana,
Venezuela, and some of the West Indian Islands.

This section of the Trochilide comprises several very distinct
forms :-—one remarkable for a deeply forked tail, for the rich blue
colouring of the body, and for the similarity in the outward appear-
ance of the sexes; another for having the tail cuneate ; while a
third, comprising six or seven species, 18 distinguished by a very
ample and rounded tail. It is for the last form alone that I have
retained the generic appellation of Campylopterus, applying that of

eet sett
— —

50

Eupetomena to the deeply forked-tailed bird macroura, Spheno-
proctus to the .cuneate-tailed Pampa, and Pheochroa to the Cu-
viert and the allied Roberti, which may be considered as aberrant,
the broad shafts of the primaries (the principal characteristic of the
_ group) being but slightly developed. These birds lead on to Aphan-
tochroa.

Genus EupETOMENA, Gould.

(Ev, bené, et rerovévn, volans.)

Generic characters. .

Male.— Bill longer than the head, and slightly arched; wings
moderate; shafts of the first two or three primaries bowed, dilated
and flattened ; tail long and deeply forked ; éarsi partially clothed ;
Jeet rather small; hind toe shorter than the middle toe.

Female.—Similar to the male in plumage.

47. EUPETOMENA MACROURA,
Eupetomena hirundinacea . . . . - Vol. I. Pl. XLII.

Trochilus macrourus, Gmel., Licht.
——-~ forcipatus, Lath.
Mellisuga Cayanensis caudd bifured, Ray, Willughb., Briss.
Ornismya hirundinacea, Less.
Polytmus macrourus, Gray & Mitch.
* Prognornis macroura, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col., p.11; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 9, pl. 805. figs. 4873-75.
* Hupetomena macroura, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 254.
* Cynanthus macrourus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
. 149.
+ aehetomeite macrura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 14.
*Ornismya hirundinacea, Dev. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1852, p. 214.

Habitat. Brazil, Cayenne, and the neighbouring countries.

M. Deville states that “this Humming-Bird sometimes accom-
panies the Chrysolampis moschitus into the fields, but generally
prefers the neighbourhood of the river-banks, where the silky tufts
of the Inge and the blossoms of the numerous Lianes suffice for
its wants. It flies very rapidly, has a shrill ery, and is so fearless
that it will settle within a few feet of the object which has alarmed
it. It is found throughout the whole of Brazil all the year round,
but appears to be most numerous in August, September, and
October.”

Genus SpHrenorroctus, Cab.

Of this form there are evidently two species—one inhabiting
Mexico, and the other Guatemala. It bas always been considered
by Trochilidists that the 15th Plate of the Supplement to ‘ Lesson’s
Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux-mouches’ represents one or other
of them, but that he was in error in giving the interior of La Plata
as its habitat. I have not been able to see Lesson’s type; otherwise
I could have ascertained to which of the two it has reference, or
whether it is different from both. My figures were taken from

\e

~~

51 ms
4
Guatemalan specimens, and Lesson’s plate would appear to have
been taken from an example procured in the same country; con-
sequently the term Pampa must be retained for the Guatemalan
bird, while for the larger and stouter Mexican birds we must use
Lichtenstein’s name curvipennis.

48. SpuHenoproctus Pampa.
Campylopterus Pampa, Less. - - + - - Vol. I. Pl. XLII.

-Ornismya Pampa, Less.
Polytmus pampa, Gray & Mitch.
Campylopterus pampa, Less., Bonap., Jard.
Pampa campyloptera, Reichenb.
-*Campylopterus pampa, Sclat. & Salv. Ibis, vol. i. p.127; Salv.
Ibis, vol. ii. p. 260.
Habitat. Guatemala.

49. SPHENOPROCTUS CURVIPENNIS.
* Trochilus curvipennis, Licht. Preis-Verz. Mex. Thier. v. Deppe &
Schiede (Sept. 1830), no. 32.
* Sphenoproctus pampa, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 11.
* Campylopterus pampa, Montes de Oca in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad. 1860, p. 551. .

Habitat. Mexico.

This species differs from the preceding in its much larger size,
and in the paler tint of its blue crown.

“The people of Coantepec, nine miles from Jalapa,” says M.
Montes de Oca, “give to this species the name of Chupa-mirto fan-
danguero, or Fandango Myrtle-sucker, apparently because it has a
somewhat musical voice. It is the only Humming-Bird with which
I am acquainted whose notes are sufficient to recognise it by in the
woods: though rather monotonous, they are very pleasing. It is
occasionally found in the neighbourhood of Jalapa, but it is more
abundant at Coantepec. It inhabits the forest in the winter season,
and generally feeds on the flowers of the high bushes called Asa-
saretos, which are then in full bloom, and densely covered with
smooth emerald-green leaves, amongst which it is very difficult to
be detected. Very few are to be seen in summer time.”

Genus CampyLorrerus, Swains.

50. CAMPYLOPTERUS LAZULUS + * * = = Vol. II. Pl. XLIV.

Trochilus lazulus, Vieill.
falcatus, Swains., Less.
Mellisuga lazulus, Gray & Mitch.
Campylopterus lazulus, Bonap-
Teniopterns lazulus, Reichenb.
-* Ornismya falcata, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois. Mou. pp. xliv. 126.
+» pl. 36.
* Campylopterus lazulus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 13.

52

Habitat. Venezuela, the hilly parts of New Granada generally,
and Ecuador, from which latter country I have received spe-
cimens through Professor Jameson, collected near Barza.

51. CAMPYLOPTERUS HEMILEUCURUS.
Campylopterus Delattrei . . . . » - + Vol. II. Pl, XLV.

Ornismya (Campylopterus) De Lattre, Less.

Mellisuga De Lattrei, Gray & Mitch.

Campylopterus delattre, Bonap.

delattrii, Bonap.

Delattrei, Reichenb.

* Trochilus hemileucurus, Licht. Preis-Verz. Mex. Thier. v. Deppe
& Schiede (Sept. 1830), no. 33.

*Campylopterus hemileucurus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii.

- 13.

* De Lattrei, Montes de Oca in Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Philad. 1860, p. 47.

Habitat. Mexico and Guatemala.

“ The large and showy tail of this Humming-Bird,” says Mr. Salvin,
“makes it one of the most conspicuous when on the wing. It is
common at Coban, feeding among the Salvi; it is said also to be
found in the Volean de Fuego, but I have not met with it. The
females of this species are most abundant, their ratio to the males
being as five to two. It is not nearly so shy as its congener, C. rufus.”
—Tbis, vol. ii. p. 260.

“ This beautiful Humming Bird,” says M. Montes de Oca, “ is
generally known in Mexico by the name of Chupa-mirto real
azul, or Royal Blue Myrtle-sucker. It arrives in the vicinity of
Jalapa, Coantepec, and Orizaba in considerable numbers during the
months of October and November, and is mostly found feeding
from a plant called Masapan, between the hours of nine and one
o'clock. During this time it is seldom seen to alight, and then only
for a very short time in any one place, but is constantly on the

_wing, flitting from flower to flower, describing the segment of a
circle in its flight, and sometimes almost touching the ground. For
the remainder of the day very few are to be seen, and I think it
probable that they visit the woods for certain kinds of mosquitoes,
with which I have often found their stomachs well filled.

“The pugnacity of this species is very remarkable. It is very
seldom that two males meet without an aérial battle. The contest
commences with a sharp cholerie shriek, after which, with dilated
throats, the feathers of the whole of their bodies erected on end,
and their tails outspread, they begin to fight with their bills and
wings, and the least powerful soon falls to the ground or flies away.
I have never known one of these battles last longer than about ten
seconds; and in the specimens I have had under my notice in cages,
their fighting has mostly ended in the splitting of the tongue of one
of the two, which then surely dies from being unable to feed,”

53

52. CAMPYLOPTERUS ENSIPENNIS . - - + Vol. II. Pl. XLVI.

_Trochilus ensipennis, Swains.
Campylopterus ensipennis, Less. Jard., Bonap., Reichenb.
Polytmus ensipennis, Gray & Mitch. |
*Trochilus latipennis, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. i.
i: p- 116, pl. 34. |
| * Campylopterus latipennis, Jard. ib. p. 153.
i ensipennis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 12.

Habitat. The Island of Tobago.

On reference to my account of Campylopterus Villavicencio, it

will be seen that I was inclined to believe the C. splendens of M.

a Lawrence to be identical with that bird; but on reconsidering the
) - matter, and observing how numerous and how closely allied are the
species of the genus Campylopterus, I now think it probable that
it is really distinct. The throat in C. splendens is beautiful blue,
and the abdomen washed with green; while in C. Vallavicencio, the
whole of the under surface is pure grey. Both these birds have
4 fine metallic-green crowns, which circumstance induced me to
i believe that they were opposite sexes of one and the same species,
and it is possible that they may yet prove to be so; but for the

present I shall regard them as distinct.

53. CAMPYLOPTERUS SFLENDENS, Lawr. . Vol. I. Pl. XLVII,
(Upper fig.)
* Campylopterus splendens, Lawr. in Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New
York, vol. vi. p. 262.
Habitat. The forests between the upper waters of the Napo and
Quito.

54. CAMPYLOPTERUS VILLAVICENCIO . . Vol. II. Pl. XLVII.
(Lower fig.)
Trochilus Villaviscensio, Boure.
Heliomaster Villaviscensio, Reichenb.
Heliomastes villavisencio, Bonap.

Habitat. Forests bordering the Rio Napo in Ecuador.

55. CAMPYLOPTERUS LATIPENNIS. .. . Vol. II. Pl. XLVI

I] Trochilus campylopterus, Gmel., Valenc., Drapiez.
| | ———— cinereus, Gmel., Lath.
largipennis, Bodd. :
1 Bieeee —_———— latipennis, Lath., Vieill., Swains., Jard.
Polytmus largipennis, Gray & Mitch.
Ornismya latipennis, Less.
Campylopterus latipennis, Swains., Jard., Bonap., Less., Reichenb.
* Campylopterus latipennis, Cab. 1n Schomb. Reis. Guian. tom. ili.

p- 709.
* *

’ Habitat. Cayenne and British Guiana.
In my account of C, datipennis I have stated my belief that

largipennis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p.12.”

54

another species of that particular form would be found to inhabit
Ecuador, as I have in my collection a specimen received direct
from Quito which does not accord with C. latipennis nor with the bird
I have called C. obscurus. The tipping of the two or three outer
tail-feathers of this Ecuadorian bird is about a quarter of an inch
in length. Judging from the form of the shafts of the primaries, it
appears to be a female or a young male; and had I not seen very
many specimens of C. latipennis, 1 should have supposed it to be-
long to that species. The bill is a little longer than that of C. lati-
pennis, and so also are the wings; as in that species, all the under
surface is pure grey, while the upper part of the body is uniform
green. I believe that two specimens from the same country are in
the Loddigesian collection. Provisionally, I propose for this bird
the name of C. Aquatorialis.

56. CAMPYLOPTERUS /EQUATORIALIS, Gould.
Habitat. The neighbourhood of Quito.

57. CAMPYLOPTERUS oBSCURUS, Gould . . Vol. II. Pl. XLIX.

Campylopterus obscurus, Gould, Bonap., Reichenb.
Polytmus obscurus, Gray & Mitch.

Habitat. Forests bordering the Lower Amazon.

58. CAMPYLOPTERUS RUFUS, Less. ~. . . . « Vol. II. Pl. L.
Campylopterus rufus, Less., Delatt., Bonap.
Polytmus rufus, Gray & Mitch.
* Platystylopterus rufus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p.11; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 8, pl. 788. figs. 4834-35.

Habitat. Guatemala.

Mr. Salvin noticed that, during the first season of his residence in
Guatemala, this species was so scarce at Duenas that he was induced
to believe it to be an inhabitant of a higher district, especially as it
was more numerous about Atitlan. The next year it was just as
abundant, and, instead of being one of the rarest, was one of the
most familiar species. He adds that the flowers of the Banana
(Musa) were much resorted to by this bird.

59. CAMPYLOPTERUS HYPERYTHRUS, 6k. SOS Vor TR Pia.
* Campylopterus hyperythrus, Cab.in Schomb. Reis. Guian. tom. iii.
p- 709.
* Platystylopterus hyperythrus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 11 ;
» Id. Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl. 789. figs. 4836-38.
* Loxopterus hyperythrus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 13.
Habitat. The Roraima Mountains, in the interior of British
Guiana.
Genus PumocuroA, Gould.
(®axds, fuscus, et Xpda, color.)

Generie characters.
Male.—Bill longer than the head, and slightly arched; wings

55

large; the shafts of the first and second primaries slightly dilated ;
tail moderately long and square, or very slightly rounded ; tarsi par-
tially clothed ; feet rather large; hind toe shorter than the middle
toe; claws short.

60. Puyzocuroa CUVIERI.
Campylopterus Cuvieri . . . . . . - + Vol. II. Pl. LU.

Trochilus Cuvierii, Delatt. et Boure.
Polytmus Cuviert, Gray & Mitch.
Campylopterus Cuviert, Bonap., Reichenb.
Aphantochroa Cuvieri, Bonap., Reichenb.
* Aphantochroa Cuvieri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 14.

Habitat. Venezuela, New Granada, Panama, and Veragua.

Gl. Pamocunos BRoperTi. . + .« «i>. *Woly He Pe iii
.* Aphantochroa Roberti, Salv. in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 203.
Habitat. Vera Paz Mountains in Guatemala.

We next arrive at a genus characterized by a very sombre style of
colouring. It will be seen that I have proposed the generic appella-
tion of Aphantochroa for the Trochilus cirrhochloris of Vieillot. 1 have
since added another species to this form under the name 4. gularis.
Up to the present moment (July 1861) no second specimen of this bird
has been sent to Europe: when we receive others, it may be neces-
sary to institute a still further subdivision ; but at present I do not
know of any genus in which the bird could be more correctly placed
than the one to which I have assigned it.

Genus APHANTOCHROA, Gould.

("Agayzos, obscurus, et xpda, color.)

Generic characters.

Male.—Bill stout, rather longer than the head, and slightly
arched ; wings broad and moderately long ; tail square and mode-
rately large; tarst clothed ; hind toe rather short.

Sexes alike in the sombre colouring of the plumage.

62. APHANTOCHROA CIRRHOCHLORIS . . .. Vol. II. Pl. LIV.

Trochilus cirrhochloris, Vieill.

Ornismya simplex, Less.

Polytmus cirrhochloris, Gray & Mitch.

Trochilus campylostylus, Licht.

Campylopterus cirrhochloris, Bonap., Jard.
* Campylopterus campylostylus, Burm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 329. 2.
* Aphantochroa cirrochloris, Reich. Aufz. der Col. p. 15 ; Id. Troch.
“Enum. p.12; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 14.

Habitat. Brazil.

63. ApHANTocHROA GuLARIS, Gould . . ~ Vol. II. Pl. LV.
Aphantochroa’ gularis, Gould. |
Habitat. Banks of the Napo.

56
Genus Doterisca, Cab.

The typical species of this form is the T’rochilus fallax of M. Bour-
cier, a bird distinguished by its tawny-coloured breast, and by the
white tippings of its outer tail-feathers. I wish it to be understood
that I do not include in this genus the albicollis or the chiono-
gaster, which have been inadvertently figured as pertaining to it.
At the same time were I to state that the genus is confined to a
- single species, I believe that I should be leading ornithologists into
error ; for I have a specimen which, I think, will prove to belong to
a second. The example in question, although bearing all the general
characteristics of the 7. fadlax, differs in some minor details, and I
shall therefore provisionally propose for it the specific name of
cervina.

64. DoLERISCA FALLAX. ;
Lewetppus fallax, 4 he one % ei SORE VE,

Trochilus fallax, Boure.
—— (Lampornis ?) fulviventris, Gould.
Polyimus fallax, Gray & Mitch.
Leucippus fallax, Bonap., Reichenb.
Doleromyia fallax, Bonap.
*Dolerisca fallax, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ui. p. 6.

Habitat. Venezuela.

65. DoLERISCA CERVINA, Gould.
Habitat. Unknown.

This new species is larger than the fadlax in all its admeasure-
ments, and has a lesser amount of white on the tips of the outer
tail-feathers. In fallax these greyish-white tippings occupy both
webs of the apical portion of each of the three outer feathers, while
in the cervina the inner webs only are thus marked ; these marks
are about three-eighths of an inch long on the outer feather, a
quarter of an inch on the next, and but a little more than an eighth
on the third; the upper mandible in cervina is reddish brown, while
in fallax the upper one is black. The habitat of the latter is well
known to be Venezuela, but that of the former has yet to be ascer-
tained.

Genus Urocuroa, Gould.
(Odpa, cauda, et ypda, color.)

Generic characters. ~

Male.—Bill lengthened and straight, or slightly arched; wings
moderately long and pointed; ¢az/ square; tarsi partly clothed ;
hind toe as long as the middle toe; maz/s short.

Female.— Unknown. 7
Of this remarkable form only one species is at present known.

66. Wmacteoa BOUCUERI <2 + $0. '@ aac 0 Obed y LIL
Trochilus Bougueri, Boure.

oF

Ceeligena bougueri, Bonap.
Celigena Bouguieri, Reichenb.
Urochroa bougieri, Sclat. Proc. Zool. Soc. part 28. p. 95.

Habitat. Nanegal, in Ecuador.

Genus Srernociyta, Gould.
(Brépvor, pectus, et cAvrds, insignis.)

Generic characters.

Male.—Bill unusually large, rather arched, and much longer than
the head; wings ample; tac’ moderate and rounded ; farse partly
clothed ; feet moderate; throat and breast luminous.

Female.—Unadorned.

Three outer tail-feathers tipped with white in both sexes.

67. STERNOCLYTA cYANEIPECTUs, Gould . Vol. IL. Pl. LVIII.

Trochilus (Lampornis) cyanopectus, Gould.
Sternoclyta cyanopectus, Gould.
Campylopterus cyantpectus, Bonap.
Lampornis cyanopectus, Bonap.
Sepiopterus cyanopectus, Reichenb.
* Polytmus cyanopectus, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds,vol. i. p. 108.
Polytmus, sp. DA
*Sternoclyta cyanipectus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein, Theil iii. p. 13,
ote. . ,
Habitat. The province of La Guayra in Venezuela.

We now proceed to the genera Delattria, Celigena, Lamprolema,
Eugenes, and their allies, all of which are peculiar to Central America ;
at least, so far as is yet known, none of them have been found to the
southward of the Isthmus; even Veragua, so far as we are awate, is
not tenanted by any one of them.

It may be considered by some ornithologists that here the sub-
division of genera has been carried too far; but having once broken
ground, and separated the old genus Trochilus,it would be inconsistent
to place together in one genus all the members of this Central Ame-
\ . tican group of Humming-Birds ; for while a certain degree of unity

pervades them, no generic character could be found which would be
applicable to the whole. This instance will serve most efficiently to
illustrate the great diversity of closely allied forms which occur in
the great family of Humming-Birds. We frequently find groups,
like the present, so diversified that nearly every species demands
a generic title, while in such genera as Thalurania, Petasophora, and
Agleactis, the species, though as distinct as they well can be, possess
characters common to all. Feild

-%

IT commence with the

Genus EvGEenes, Gould.
(Evyevis, nobilis. )
Generic characters.
Male.—Bill straight, longer than the head; wings long. and

a pn ERE ———————

58

pointed; ¢azd moderate and very slightly forked; tarsi clothed ;
feet rather small ; hind toe about equal in length to the middle one;
crown and throat luminous.

Female.—Unadorned.

Of this form only one species is known; it is a native of Guate-
mala and Southern Mexico, and is distinguished from its allies by
the gorgeous colouring of its crown and breast. It is in the posses-
sion of a luminous crown, and other characters, that this bird differs
from that immediately following.

GS. BUGENES PULGENS.......-.+..«. +.4..¥0b dle FL Bie

Trochilus fulgens, Swains.
Ornismya Rivolii, Less.
Trochilus Rivolii, Jard.
Mellisuga fulgens, Gray & Mitch.
| Delatiria fulgens, Bonap.
Celigena fulgens, Bonap.
Celigena fulgens, Reichenb.
* Coeligena fulgens, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p.3, pl. 686. figs.4513—
14.
* Kugenes fulgens, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 20.
*Trochilus melanogaster, Licht. in Mus. Berlin.
*—______. Rivoli, Swains. Birds of Brazil, pl. 76.

Habitat. Mexico and Guatemala.

“This species,” says Mr. Salvin, “is rare at Coban. The
western boundary of the Llafio of Duefias is the spot where I have
found it in the greatest numbers; indeed, with two exceptions, I
have never met with it elsewhere. It is a most pugnacious bird.
Many a time have I thought to secure a fine male, which I had
perhaps been following from tree to tree, and had at last seen
quietly perched on a leafless twig, when my deadly intention has
been anticipated by one less so in fact, but to all appearance equally
so in will. Another Humming-Bird rushes in, knocks the one [
covet off his perch, and the two go fighting and screaming away at
a pace hardly to be followed by the eye. Another time this flying
fight is sustained in mid air, the belligerents mounting higher and
higher, till the one worsted in battle darts away, seeking shelter,
followed by the victor, who never relinquishes the pursuit till the
vanquished, by doubling and hiding, succeeds in making his escape.
These fierce raids are not waged alone between members of the same
species. Hugenes fulgens attacks with equal ferocity Amazilia du-
merilii, and, animated by no high-souled generosity, scruples not to
tilt with the little Trochilus colubris. 1 know of hardly any species
that shows itself more brilliantly than this when on the wing ; yet it
is not to the midday sun that it exhibits its splendour. When the
southerly wind brings clouds and driving mist between the volcanos
of Agua and Fuego, and all is as in a November fog in England,
except that the yellow element is wanting, then it is that Hugenes
JSulgens appears in numbers; Amazilia Devillei, instead of a few
scattered birds, is to be seen in every tree, and Trochilus colubris in

59

reat abundance: such animation awakes in Humming-Bird life as
would hardly be credited by one who had passed. the same spot an
hour or two before; and the flying to and fro, the humming of
wings, the momentary and prolonged contests, and the incessant
battle-cries seem almost enough for a time to turn the head of a lover
of these things. I have fifteen males from Dueiias to one female.’’
—Ibis, vol. i. p. 261. .
Following the Eugenes fulgens is the softly coloured Delattria
Clemencie of my work, the proper name of which is Ceeligena Cle-
mencia, it being the type of the

Genus Coiszenna, Less.
69. Caxigena CLeMENCIm&, Less. ;
Peis Clemencias ~~ | 0o.geueth enone eh DA,

Ornismya Clemencie, Less.
Lampornis Clemencie, Less.
Celigena Clemencie, Less.
Mellisuga Clemencie, Gray & Mitch.
Delattria clemenciea, Bonap.
Lampornis clemencia, Bonap.

~ Ceeligena Clemencia, Reichenb.

* Campylopterus Clemencie, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.

; ag alae aa

*Tyochilus lucidus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.

*Cceligena Clemencia, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 687. fig. 4516;

Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 15.

Habitat. Mexico, where it is far from common.
| The
pikes Genus Lamprotama, Reichend.
was instituted for the truly beautiful bird known as De Rham’s

Garnet.
. 70. LAMpROLEMA Ruamr .. . . . ~ Vol. II. Pl. LXI.
Ornismya Rhami, Less. .
' Ornismia Rhami, Delatt. et Less.

Mellisuga Rhami, Gray & Mitch.
- Lampornis rhami, Bonap.
Delattria rhami, Bonap.
Lamprolaima Rhami, Reichenb.
_Heliodoxa Rhami, Reichenb.
*Trochilus fulgidus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin. |
*Lamprolema Rhami, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 30.

Habitat. Guatemala.
We now come to the

Genus DexatTris, Bonap.

as restricted to the D. Henrici and D. viridipallens, both of which |
species are natives of Guatemala. |

60

7s DetbatTrridA HenRict ><a eae tw > Vole. PL: LX.

Ornysmia Henrica, Less. et Delatt.
Topaza Henrica, Gray and Mitch.
Delattria henrica, Bonap.
——__—— henrici; Bonap.
*Lamprolaima Henrici, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 9.
*Heliodoxa Henrici, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 742. figs.
4701-3.

Habitat. Guatemala.

72. DELATTRIA VIRIDIPALLENS « . . . Vol. LI. Pl. EXPL

Trochilus viridi-pallens, Bourc. et Muls.
Polytmus viridi-pallens, Gray & Mitch.
Delattria viridi-pallens, Bonap.
Thaumantias viridipallens, Bonap.
Agyrtria viridipallens, Reichenb.

Habitat. Guatemala.

“* Occurs, in company with Petasophora thalassina, on the Volcan
de Fuego. Seems to keep entirely to the forests‘of the voleano. I
have never met with it in the plains below. This is one of the com-
monest species at Coban. It may readily be recognized by the
peculiar harshness of its note.””—Salvin in ‘ Ibis,’ vol. ii. pp. 40, 263.

Near to these are the members of the

Genus Hetiopzanpica, Gould.
("HXoos, sol, et wardexds, juvenilis.)

Generic characters.

Male.—Bill straight, and rather longer than the head; head
round, or with the feathers not advancing on the bill; ¢az/ slightly
rounded, the feathers broad; tarsi clothed; hind toe shorter than
the middle one; head and breast luminous.

Female.—Unadorned.

This genus comprises two species, both of which are natives of
Central America, Mexico, and Southern California; they are some-
what diminutive in size, and possess the white mark behind the eye
which occurs in most of the members of the genera of this section
of the Trochilide.

73. HELIOPEDICA MELANOTIS . .-. - + Vol. II. Pl. LXIV.

Trochilus melanotus, Swains.
Ornismya Arsenni, Less.
Trochilus leucotis, Vieill. ?
Thaumatias leucotis, Bonap. ?
Basilinna leucotis, Reichenb. ?
*Trochilus leucocrotaphus, Shaw (Cabanis).
Fa euculliger, Licht., Preis-Verz. Mex. Thier. v. Deppe &
Schiede (Sept. 1830), no. 29, 31.

61

*Trochilus leucotis, Jard. Nat. Lib, Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
p. 144. |

* Hylocharis leucotis, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 114,
Hylocharis, sp. 28.

* Heliopedica melanotis, Sclat. & Salv. Ibis, vol. i. p. 130.

* Basilinna leucotis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 45.

*Trochilus lucidus, Shaw? Gen. Zool. vol. viii. p. 327.

* Mellisuga lucida, Steph. Cont. of Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. xiv. p. 247.

* Sapphironia lucida, Sallé, Liste des Oiseaux; Sclat. Proc. Zool.
Soc. part xxvi. p. 297, and part xxvii. p. 386.

Habitat. Guatemala and Mexico.

I observe that specimens from Guatemala are much smaller than ¢
those from Mexico; but as the colouring and disposition of the
markings are precisely similar, I regard them as races only.

M. Sallé, in his ‘ List of the Birds of Mexico,’ has assigned to one
of them the name of lucidus of Shaw, believing it to be an earlier
name for this bird than melanotis or Arsennt. This list has been
followed by Dr. Sclater in his papers on the birds received by
M. Sallé from and collected by M. Boucard in Oaxaca ; but as
Shaw’s description of Zucidus, as well as the country in which it is
said to be found (Paraguay), does not accord with that of melanotis,
that name must sink into a synorviym.

‘In some of the open savannahs scattered among the oak-forests
of the Volcan de Fuego near Calderas, this species is not uncommon ;
I have also frequently met with it in some of the barrancos’ of the
same volcano. The white mark running from the eye and the deep
coral-red of the bill show conspicuously in the living bird. Itisa
very shy species. A single specimen was shot near Coban, and
another was brought to me from the mountains of 8. Cruz, near San
Gerénimo.”’—Salvin in Ibis, vol. ii. p. 271.

74. Heviopmpica Xantust. . . . . - Vol. II. Pl. LXV.

Amazilia Zantusii, Lawr.
Heliopedica castaneocauda, Lawr.

Habitat. Southern California.

If I have extolled the members of the genus Cometes as being
among the most gorgeous birds in existence with regard to the
colouring of their tails, in like manner I may pronounce the Topaze,
which now claim our notice, to be as remarkable for their lustrous
throat-marks.

One of these beautiful birds, the Topaza Pella, is an inhabitant
of Cayenne and the adjacent countries; while another, the 7. Pyra,
flies in the forests of the Upper Rio Negro.

Genus Topaza, G. R. Gray.
iors Meh iach eee ee. + Vol, IL. Ph. Wee

Polytmus Surinamensis longicaudus ruber, Briss.
Trochilus pella, Linn. et Auct.

62

Falcinellus gutture viridi, Klein.
Certhia Surinamensis, Spalowsky.
Colkbri pella, Less.
Topaza pella, Gray & Mitch., Bonap., Reick., Cabanis.
* Trochilus paradiseus, Linn. Syst. Nat. tom. i. p. 189.
*Lampornis pella, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 155.
Habitat. Cayenne and the adjacent countries.

I find that specimens from Demerara have more-richly coloured
throat-marks than those procured in Cayenne; there is also another
variety distinguished by the great breadth of their lengthened tail-
feathers ; but these differences are not of specific importance.

few Lopa7e® PyRa 0. Mey Vol. If. Pl. LX VII.

Trochilus ( Topaza) pyra, Gould.
Topaza pyra, Gray, Bonap., Reichenb., Cabanis.
Habitat. The Upper Rio Negro.

It is only at a comparatively recent date that we became ac-
quainted with the birds for which I proposed the term Oreotrochilus.
D’Orbigny introduced to us the O. Estelle and O. Adele ; while in
1846 the fine O. Chimborazo was brought to light through the
researches of M. Bourcier; in 1849 the same gentleman made us
aware of the existence of the little less beautiful O. Pichincha, and
I, on my own part, had the pleasure of making known the O. mela-
nogaster and O. leucopleurus. All these birds inhabit loftier eleva-
tions than any other genus of Humming-Birds; for they love to
dwell in regions just beneath the line where the melting snows and
the warmth of the sun call forth an alpine flora and a peculiar
character of insect life; and I question if any other insessorial birds
seek their food at so great an elevation as the O. Chimborazo and
O. Pichincha. As far as our present knowledge extends, no species
has been found to the northward of Ecuador, while to the south
they range along the highlands of Peru and Bolivia.

Genus OREOTROCHILUS, Gould.

(Opos, mons, et zpdxeAos, trochilus ; Mountain Humming-Bird.)

Generic characters.

Male.— Bill longer than the head, almost cylindrical, and slightly
incurved ; wings rather long and powerful; ¢az/ large, the feathers
narrow and rigid ; ¢arsi clothed; feet strong ; hind toe and nail about
the same length as the middle toe and nail; throaé luminous.

Female.—Unadorned.

77. OrnEoTROCHILUS CHIMBORAZO . - - Vol. II. Pl. LXVIII.

Trochilus Chimborazo, Boure.
Oreatrochilus Chimborazo, Gould, Gray & Mitch., Bonap., Reich.
* Orotrochilus Chimborazo, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 15,
note.

Habitat. Immediately below the snow-line round the cone of the
voleanic mountain Chimborazo.

63

Mr. Fraser, who killed many examples at Panza, at an altitude of
14,000 feet, says, “ Irides hazel ; bill, legs, and feet black. To be
seen occasionally on the Arbor Maria, but feeds generally on a red
thistle. It is common, and by no means shy, and has rather a pretty
song, oft repeated, and to be heard at a considerable distance. In
bad weather, when the wind is high, this bird is said to creep under
and into the clumps of Paja (a species of Stipa).”

73. OnroTRocuinus Picuincaa i . . . Vol. IL. Pl. LXIX.

Trochilus Pichincha, Boure. et Mauls.

Oreotrochilus Jamesoni, Jard.

Pichincha, Bonap., Reichenb.

* Orotrochilus Pichinchae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 15.

Habitat. The snow-line of the voleanic mountains of Pichincha
and Cotopaxi in Ecuador.

“ Guagua and Rueo Pichincha (14,000 feet alt.), many examples.
The Pichincha Humming-Bird, like the Chimborazo, is found only
close under the line of perpetual snow; but this species, according to
the present state of our knowledge, is more widely distributed than the
latter, being found not only on Pichincha, but also on Antisana and
Cotopaxi. Upon my first visit to Guagua Pichincha these birds were
feeding entirely on the ground, hunting the little moss-covered clumps
as fast as the snow melted. They are not uncommon in this loca-
lity, but always met with singly. They are very restless, but not
shy, seldom remaining on one clump more than a second, then away
to another, perhaps a yard distant. Sometimes they would take a
rapid flight of 40 or 50 yards. On my second visit, the Chuquiragua
(Chuquiraga insignis, Humb.) being in flower, they were feeding
from it like the Quindi of Chimborazo, but still occasionally hunted
the mossy clumps. They flit with a burr of the wings, and occasion-
ally settle, with the feathers all ruffled, on the top of the Chuquira-
gua or other small plant. In this respect, so far as my observations
and those of Professor Jameson go, they differ from O. Chimborazo.

“ June 5. No snow on the ground, and all birds were apparently
scarce and shyer; these birds in particular were chasing each other,
in twos and threes, like flashes of lightning.”—-Fraser in Proc. of
Zool. Soc. part xxviii. p- 79.

79, OrnzoTrocHitus EstELLH +--+ . . Vol. TE Pi LXX.

Trochilus Estella, D’Orb. et La Fres.

Orthorhynchus Estella, D’Orb.

Trochilus Cecilie, Less.

Oreotrochilus Estella, Gould, Gray & Mitch., Bonap., Cabanis.
* Orotrochilus Estellae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 16.

Habitat. The high lands near La Paz in Bolivia.

80. OREOTROCHILUS LEUCOPLEURUS, Gould . Vol. II. Pl. LXXI.

Oreotrochilus leucopleurus, Gould, Gray & Mitch., Bonap., Rei-
chenb.
iy

64.

* Orotrochilus leucopleurus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 16.

*« Oreotrochilus leucopterus, Reichenb.”, Cab. et Hein. ib.

* Trochilus Milleri, Lodd. MS.; Fras. in Proce. of Zool. Soe.
part xi. p. 114.

Habitat. The Chilian Andes.

“This beautiful and rare species of Humming-Bird,” says Mr.
Bridges, “is only found in the elevated valleys of the Andes, residing
amongst storms of hail, rain, and thunder, and in places where the
naturalist would least expect to find a species of T'rochilus. It
subsists more upon small flies than upon the nectar of flowers. On
examination of the crops I found them filled with flies, which they
take before sun-down along the margin of the mountain rivulets.
Specimens were taken at Los Ojos de Aqua, province of Aconcagua,
at an elevation of from 6000 to 8000 feet, and I saw them at least
1000 feet above that place. Iris brown.”—Proc. Zool. Soc. part xi.

~ 114.
Dr. Philippi met with this bird at Hueso Parado in Northern
Chili, at an elevation of not more than 1000 feet above the sea-level.

81. OREOTROCHILUS MELANOGASTER, Gould. Vol. I. Pl. LXXII.
Oreotrochilus melanogaster, Gould, Gray & Mitch. Bonap.,
Reichenb.
Orotrochilus melanogaster, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii.
p. 15, note.
Habitat. The high lands of Peru; precise locality unknown.

82. OrEotTrRocHitus ApELH . . . . . Vol. II. Pl. LUXXIII.
Trochilus Adela, D’Orb. et Lafresn.
Orthorhynchus Adela, D’Orb.
Oreotrochilus Adele, Gould, Gray & Mitch., Bonap., Reichenb.
* Orotrochilus Adelae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 15, note.

Habitat. Bolivia; the high lands around Chuquesaca being one
of its localities. j

I now proceed to the

Genus Lampornis, Swains.

This genus comprises many species, some of which inhabit the
West Indian Islands, and others the mainland. The best-known
among them, the Lampornis Mango, has a wider range than any of
the others, as will be seen on reference to my account of that
species. They are all distinguished by the harmonious colours of
their ample tails, which are even more beautiful in the females than
in the males.

83. Lampornis Manco. . + + + + «+ Vol. II. Pl. LXXIV.
Trochilus Mango, Linn. et auct-
violicauda, Bodd.
albus, Gmel.
punctulatus, Gmel.

Troehilus nitidus, Lath.
Polyimus punctulatus, Briss.
Trochilus atricapillus, Vieill..
fasciatus, Shaw.
quadricolor, Vieill.
nigricollis, Vieill,
Lampornis Mango, Swains., Bonap.
Polytmus Mango, Gray & Mitch.
Anthracothorax Mango, Reichenb.
* Trochilus punctatus, Vieill. Eney. Méth. Orn. part il. p. 550
(young).
*______ Jazulus, Less. Traité d’Orn. p. 290.
*Lampornis Mango, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 19.
Habitat. The eastern part of Brazil, Trinidad, Venezuela, and
the high lands of New Granada.

84. LAMPORNIS IRIDESCENS, Gould.

This is the bird from Guayaquil which I have spoken of in my
account of L. Mango as differing from the Mangos of the other
parts of America. The chief differences are a rather shorter tail
and a glittering wash of blue and green on the throat, instead of
that part being velvety black; there is also a greater amount of
green on the flanks. ‘Three specimens of this bird were killed and
sent to me by Professor Jameson during one of his visits to the
coast.

Habitat. Guayaquil.

85. LAMPORNIS PREVOSTT . - © + © = Vol. II. Pl. LXXV..

Trochilus Prevostii, Less., Bourc.
Polytmus Prevostii, Gray & Mitch.
Lampornis prevosti, Bonap.
Anthracothorax Prevostii, Reichenb..
Habitat. Guatemala and Honduras.

86. Lampornis VERAGUENSIS, Gowld . . Vol. IL. Pl. LXXVI.

Lampornis Veraguensis, Gould, Bonap. j

Sericotes Veraguensis, Reichenb.

Anthracothorax Veraguensis, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p: 9, pl-

793. fig. 4848.

Lampornis Veraguensis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Thiel. iii. p. 18.

Habitat. Veragua and Costa Rica.

Mr. Bridges “ found this species in the outskirts of the town of
David, feeding among the flowers of a large arborescent species of
Erythrina.”

87. LAMPORNIS GRAMINEUS + + + * ¢ Vol. IL. Pl. LXXVIL.
Trochilus gramineus, Linn. et auct.

—— pectoralis, Lath., Vieill., Steph.

maculatus, Gmel., Vieill.

gularis, Gmel., Lath., Vieill.

—_—

66

Trochilus marmeratus, Vieill.
Polytmus dominicus, Gray & Mitch., Bonap.
Lampornis dominicus, Bonap.
Hypophania dominica, Reichenb.
* Anthracothorax dominicus, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 9, pl. 792,
figs. 4845-46.
*Lampornis graminea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 18.

Habitat. Trinidad, Cayenne, and Guiana.

63. LAWPORNIS VrRIDIS « 6 6 6n . Vol. IJ. Pl. LXXVIII.

Trochilus viridis, Aud. et Vieill., Bonn., Dumont, Drapiez, Temm.
Le Colibri eyanure, Trochilus viridis, Less.
* Chalybura viridis, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 10.
*Agyrtria viridis, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 765, figs.
4771-72.

Habitat. Porto Rico.

89. LAMPORNIS AURULENTUS. . . . . Vol. II. Pl. UXXIX.

Trochilus aurulentus, Vieill. et auct.
Polyimus aurulentus, Vieill.
margaritaceus, Gray & Mitch.
Lampornis margaritaceus, Bonap.
Eulampis aurulentus, Bonap.
Margarochrysis aurulenta, Reichenb.
Trochilus dominicus, Linn., Gmel., Lath., female ?
Polytmus dominicus, Briss., female ?

Habitat. St. Domingo.

90. LAMPORNIS VIRGINALIS, Gould . . . Vol. II. Pl. LXXX.

Crown and all the upper surface bronzy green; wings light pur-
plish brown, shining greenish wax-yellow ; chest and centre of the
abdomen black, passing into green on the flanks; upper tail-coverts
brilliant bronzy green; two centre tail-feathers rich bronze, the re-
mainder fine purple; margined and tipped with bluish black; bill
black; feet dark brown.

Total length 44 inches; bill 13; wing 22; tail Ii; tarsi 4.

Habitat. The Island of St. Thomas.

If I have led my friend, Alfred Newton, Esq., into an error, by
causing him to state in the ‘Ibis,’ vol. i. p. 375, that the Lampornis
aurulentus is found in the Island of St. Thomas : it was quite unin-
tentional on my part. Since we made an examination and com-
parison of specimens of aurulentus from St. Domingo, with those,
which we believed to be identical, from St. Thomas, I have received
numerous other examples from the latter island, a careful considera-
tion of which induces me to regard them as distinct; and as such, I
have described them under the name of Lampornis virginalis. The
difference between this new species and awrulentus is very marked :
it is of much smaller size, and has a shorter, more square, and
differently coloured tail, the two centre feathers being rich bronze

67

instead of purplish black ; the throat-mark is richer; the upper tail-
coverts are very much finer and more brilliant; and the bill is
shorter.

91. LAMPORNIS PORPHYRURUS . - + «+ > Vol Tie Pl TAXI.

Trochilus porphyrurus, Shaw, Steph.
bromicolor, Less.
—_ = Filoresit, Boure.
Polytmus porphyrurus, Gray & Mitch.
Lampornis Mango, Gosse.
porphyrurus, Bonap.
floresi, Bonap.
Floresia porphyrura, Reichenb.
*Anthrocothorax porphyrurus, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 8,
pl. 794. figs. 4849-50.
* Lampornis porphyrura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 19.

Habitat. Jamaica.

‘This species differs from all its allies in the female or the young
male assimilating to the male in the colour of the tail, which is
quite contrary to what occurs in the females of the other species;
unlike them also, the female of this species has a different and more
beautiful gorget than the male. This is one of the anomalies which

cannot be explained, inasmuch as in structure, in size, and other .

characters it is a true Lampornis.

The genus Hulampis now claims our attention. It is composed
of four species, the distinguishing features of which are their lumi-
nous upper tail-coverts. These broad and glittering feathers, re-
sembling: plates of shining metal, have doubtless been designed for no
special purpose connected with the habits of the bird, but for mere
ornament; but such characters, trifling though they be, are of no
little use in enabling us to group together nearly allied species. It
will be recollected that in some genera—that of Hypuroptila for in-
stance—the under and not the upper tail-coverts are extraordinarily
developed ; and many other instances might be cited of a similar
development of other parts of the plumage, for which no other use

but that of mere ornament can be conceived. The members of this \

genus differ from most others in the perfect similarity in the colour-
ing of the sexes. So far as I am aware, they are all confined to the.
West Indian Islands. /

Genus EuLaAmpis, Boie.
92, EuLAMPIs JUGULARIS- + - + + - Vol.IL. PE iok XL

Trochilus jugularis, Linn., Gmel., Lath. Temm.
- Eulampis jugularis, Bonap-, Reichenb.
Polytmus jugularis, Gray & Mitch.
Trochilus auratus, Gmel., Less.
granatinus, Lath.
———— Bancrofti, Lath.
cyanomelas, Gmel.

cae nat

‘

Trochilus violaceus, Gmel.
auritus, Vieill.
Polytmus Cayennensis violaceus, Briss.
Topaza violacea, Gray & Mitch.
Certhia prasinoptera, Lath., Sparrm.
Cynanthus ? jugularis, Jard.
Trochilus cyaneus, Lath.
—__———_ venustissimus, Gmel.
* Bulampis jugularis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 17.

Habitat. The Islands of Nevis and Martinique.

93. EULAMPIS HOLOSERICEUS . . . . Vol. II. Pl. LX XXIII.
Trochilus holosericeus, Linn. et auct.
Polytmus mexicanus, Briss.
Trochilus aurigaster, Shaw.
Polytmus holosericeus, Gray & Mitch.
Eulampis holosericeus, Bonap.
Sericotes holosericeus, Reichenb.
* Anthracothorax holosericeus, Reichenb.Troch. Enum. p. 9, pl. 793
fig. 484:7.
* Trochilus atrigaster, “ Shaw,” Cabanis.
* Bulampts holosericea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 17.

Habitat. Islands of Nevis? and Martinique ?
94. EULAMPIS CHLOROLEMUS, Gould. . Vol. II. Pl. LXXXIV.

Sericotes chlorolaimus, Reichenb.
Eulampus chlorolemus, Bonap.
* Anthrocothorax chlorolaimus, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 9.
* Hulampis chlorolaema, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 17,
note.

Habitat. The Islands of St. Thomas and St. Croix.

“ This bird,” says Mr. Edward Newton, speaking of the Hum-
ming-Birds of St. Thomas and St. Croix, “ breeds from the end of
March to the end of June. It is no easy matter to find its nest ;
for on approaching within two or three yards of where it is, the
bird, if it is on, is sure to fly at you, and then retreating remains
suspended a few seconds just above your head, when it darts off and
perches on some dead twig, most likely on the very tree which holds
its nest. It does not stay here long, but takes short flights into the
air, returning to the same place and, when there, showing its im-
patience by a continual flirting, or rather twitching of its wings. If
you then retire, keeping your eye on the bird, it will presently dart
straight on to its nest, leaving it, however, at the least movement
on your part. ‘This species is not particular as to the tree on which
it builds, as I have found nests on the Silk-cotton, Mango, Man-
chioneel, Avocado-Pear (Laurus persea, Linn.). They are placed
on a horizontal branch, from half an inch to two inches thick, and
are composed of cotton or the down of a species of Cactus, studded
on the outside with white Lichen or shreds of bark, the whole
structure measuring nearly two inches across, and built at the height

69

of from about five to fifteen feet from the ground, sometimes concealed
by leaves, at others on an almost naked bough.”—J6is, vol. i. p. 140.

Mr. Newton informs me that the yellow of the base of the bill and
gape of this bird shows rather conspicuously.

95. EuLAmPiIs LoncIRosTRIs, Gould.

In its size, general plumage, and style of colouring, this bird is
very similar to the EZ. chlorolemus; but the much greater length
and curvature of its bill will, I am sure, satisfy the most sceptical
that it is quite distinct. I possess two examples of this, both of
which are unfortunately ina very bad state of plumage. One of these
was presented to me by my valued friend Sigismund Rucker, Esq.,
the other I obtained on the continent; I could gain no information
whatever as to its native locality. The average length of the bill in
E. chlorolemus is three-quarters of an inch, while that of B. longi-
rostris is nearly an inch and a quarter.

Habitat. Unknown.

There is scarcely a more isolated form in the family of T’rocht-
lide than that for which the generic name of Lafresnaya was pro-
posed by Bonaparte in honour of the venerable Baron de Lafresnaye,
and it gives me great pleasure to assist in perpetuating the name of
a French nobleman, lately deceased, who devoted the leisure hours
of a long life to the pleasing study of natural history.

Strictly confined to the Andes, one of the species is quite equa-
torial, the others fly several degrees further north. The males are
very boldly coloured, the brilliant green of their throats and flanks
being beautifully relieved by the velvety black of the abdomen.
The females have none of these contrasted colours, their entire
under surface being spangled with green on a white or a buff ground.
The species known are very much alike except in the colouring and
markings of the tail,—one of them having the four outer feathers
white tipped with purplish black, while the same feathers in another
are buff tipped with bronzy brown, and the tail of the third is white
tipped with greenish bronze.

‘Genus Larresnaya, Bonap.
06. LAFRESNAYA FLAVICAUDATA . . .~ Vol. II. Pl. LXXXV.
Trochilus flavieaudatus, Fras.
Lafresnayi, Boiss.
Calothoraz Lafresnayi, Gray & Mitch.
Lafresnayi flavicaudatus, Bonap.
—_——__—— flavicaudata, Reichenb., Bonap.
*Entima Lafresnayi, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. Theil iii. p. 51.
Habitat. The high lands of New Granada. Common at Bogota
and Popayan; and probably in the northern parts of Ecuador.

Oe Tigrinya Gavt sows VOLIL Pl. LXXXVE

Trochilus Gayi, Boure. et Muls.
Calothorax Gayi, Gray & Mitch.

70

Lafresnaya gayi, Bonap. :
*Entima Gayi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 51.

Habitat. Ecuador and Peru.

98. LAFRESNAYA SAULZ.
* Trochilus Saule, Boure. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 309.
* Calothorax Saulit, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 110,
Calothorax, sp. 3.
* Lafresnaya Saule, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 68, Lafres-
nayda, Sp. 3.
* Saul, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 11.

Habitat. Unknown: supposed to be Popayan.

Since writing my account of Lafresnaya Gayi I have received
many additional examples, all of which had white tails tipped with
purplish black; but I possess fully adult examples of a white-tailed
bird named Sau/e, by M. Bourcier, in which the tippings are
bronzy green. My specimens were brought by Delattre; but from
what locality,is unknown. The difference mentioned seems to warrant
the belief that the bird is distinct ; and I therefore give it a place in
this synopsis, notwithstanding the opinion to the contrary expressed
in my account of L. Gayi.

Those who have not closely studied the Humming-Birds have
but little idea how diversified are their forms; the birds next to be
considered are unlike all the other members of the family. The
species are short, thick-set birds, with a very peculiar style of
plumage, have their crowns plated with metal-like feathers, and bills
as straight and sharp as needles ; and woe to any bird, should say,
which gave offence to the members of this genus.

I am exceedingly puzzled with respect to the species of this form ;
that is, I am at a loss to determine whether they are two, three, four,
or five in number. First, with regard to Johanne, whose under-
surface is black, and frontal mark violet-blue; I have always re-
garded this colouring as indicative of the adult, but I am in doubt
whether the skins which frequently accompany them from Bogota,
and which assimilate in size and form, but differ in having a green
frontlet and a dull-green upper and under surface, are the females
or young males of this bird, or if they be distinct. Of the Ludovicie,
which comes from Bogota, I have many examples, all of which are
very uniform in size and style of colouring. From Quito I have
another bird assimilating to the Ludovicie most closely in colouring,
but which is about a fifth larger in all its admeasurements. Accom-
panying the specimens from this latter locality is one without any
frontal mark whatever; in other respects it is precisely like the rest,
and, I am sure, is a fully adult bird. Is this the female of the Quitan
birds, or a distinct species? I have never seen examples in this
state of plumage among the numerous specimens sent from Bogota.
I think I shall be right in regarding the Ecuadorian bird as distinct,
and I therefore propose for it the name that of rectirostris.

71

Genus DoryFera, Gould. |
(Aépy, hasta, et pépw, fero; Lance-bill.)

Generic characters.

Male.— Bill \ong, basal half straight, apical half inclined upwards
and pointed ; wings of moderate size; tail rounded, the feathers
broad and rigid ; ¢arsi partly clothed ; Aind doe and nail as long as
the middle toe and nail ; forehead luminous ; plumage adpressed.

Female.—I believe the female is destitute of the forehead mark ;
but this is uncertain.

99. DorYFERA JOHANNE .. .. . Vol. II. Pl. LUXXXVII.

Trochilus Johanne, Boure. .
Mellisuga Johanne, Gray & Mitch.
Trochilus (Doryfera) violifrons, Gould.
Dorifera Johanne, Bonap.
* Hemistephania Johanne, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 9.
* Helianthea Johanne, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl..731. figs.
4675-76.
* Doryphora Johanne, Cab.et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p.78, note.

Habitat. New Granada.

100. DoryrerA Lupovicim . . . . Vol. II. Pl. LXXXVIII.

Trochilus Ludovicie, Bource. et Muls.
Mellisuga Ludovicie, Gray & Mitch.
Dorifera ludovicie, Bonap.
* Hemistephania Ludovicie, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 9.
* Helianthea Ludovicia, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 731. figs.
4673-74.
Doryphora Eudovicie, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 77.

Habitat. New Granada.

101. DoryFERA RECTIROSTRIS, Gould.

Bill and feet black; tarsi clothed with brown feathers ; forehead
brilliant glittering green ; crown and back of the neck reddish bronze,
passing into dull green on the back ; upper tail-coverts washed with
blue; tail black, tipped with greyish-brown, largely on the external
feathers, slightly on the middle ones; under surface olive; under
tail-coverts grey ; wings purplish brown.

Total length 5 inches; bill 1}; wing 23; tail 13.

Habitat. Ecuador.

How remarkable it is that development and even beauty should
be bestowed upon the under tail-coverts of a bird! yet this is often
found to be the case: the Marabou Stork may be cited as an in-
stance in point among the larger birds, and the genera Eriocnemis,
Erythronota, &c. among the Trochilide. In no group, however, is
this feature so conspicuously marked as in the members of the
succeeding genus Chalybura ; there it is carried to its maximum and
is rendered so much the more apparent from the striking contrast
of the snow-white plumed under tail-coverts with the dark or black

72

colouring of the tail-feathers. These birds form a very natural
section of the Trochilide. Venezuela, New Granada, and Panama
may be regarded as their head quarters,—two of the species, C. Buf-
foni and C. ceruleogaster, being frequently sent in collections from

Bogota. :
Although the sexes of this genus of birds are very differently

coloured, the females have the plumed under tail-coverts as well as
the males. :
Genus Cuatysura, Reichenb.
102. CHaLyBuRA BuFFONI.
Hypuroptila Buffoni. . . - + - > Vol. II. Pl. LXXXIX.

Trochilus Buffonii, Less., Sard.
Polyimus Buffoni, Gray & Mitch.
Lampornis buffoni, Bonap., Jard.
*Chalybura Buffoni, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p.10; Cab. et Hein.

Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 20.
*Agyrtria Buffonii, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 766.
figs. 4773-74.
Habitat. Venezuela and New Granada.

103. CHALYBURA UROCHRYSEA, Gould.
Hypuroptila urochrysea, Gould . . + + + Vol. II. Pl. XC.
Hypuroptila urochrysa, Gould in Proe. of Zool. Soc. part xxix.

p- 198.
Habitat. Panama.
104. CHALYBURA CERULEOGASTER, Gould.
Hypuroptila ceeruleogaster, Gould. “9 > eee Vol, TE. Pl. XW.
Trochilus ( Glaucis ?) ceruleogaster, Gould.
Polytmus ceruleogaster, Gray & Mitch.

Lampornis ceruleigaster, Bonap.
* Oyanochloris coeruleiventris, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 10.

*Agyrtria coeruleiventris, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 77.
* Chalybura caeruleiventris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 20.
Habitat. New Granada.

105. CHALyBURA? IsauRz, G'ould.

Hypuroptila Isaure, Gould in Proce. of Zool. Soc. part xxix.
p- 198.

Head, all the upper surface, wing-coverts, flanks, and abdomen
coppery bronze, inclining to purple on the lower part of the back
and upper tail-coverts ; wings purplish-brown; tail very dark
bronze, inclining to purple; throat and breast grass-green ; under
tail coverts white ; upper mandible black; under mandible fleshy
with a black tip; tarsi yellow or flesh colour.

Total length 42 inches ; bill 145; wing 23; tail 1}; tarsi q.

Habitat. The Bocca del Toro in Costa Rica.

73

The specimen from which the above description was taken, is
somewhat immature; it is, however, sufficiently advanced to show
that it would have, when adult, a fine green breast; but whether
the green colour would extend over the abdomen, I am unable
to say. It is nearly equal in size to the C. urochrysea, C. Buffoni,
and C. ceruleigastra ; but it has a shorter wing and a more rounded
tail than either of those species, and the under tail-coverts, though
white, are less plume-like in form. It is just possible that it may be
necessary to separate this bird into a new genus when we see it in
its fully adult state; but it appears at present to be most nearly
allied to the members of the genus in which I have provisionally
placed. I received this bird from M. Edouard Verreaux, of Paris,
many years ago, and I have never seen another.

The name of Jsaure was suggested to me by my late highly
valued friend the Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte, who wished thus
to convey a compliment to Madame la Baronne de Lafresnaye, the
niece of Montbeillard, the able coadjutor of the celebrated Buffon.

Genus IotamaA, Growld.
(“Iov, viola, et Aaupds, gula.)

Generic characters.

Male.— Bill considerably longer than the head and slightly arched ;
wings long and curved ; primaries rigid, of moderate length, and
forked; farsi clothed ; feet rather small ; hind toe shorter than the
middle toe; nails short and curved.

This genus was proposed for the Trochilus Schreibersii of Lod-
diges; and of this form Mr. G. N. Lawrence, of New York, has
made us acquainted with a second species in his Jolema frontals.
Both these birds inhabit the eastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador
and forests bordering the River Napo.

106. IovzMa FRontTaALis, Lawr. . . . - Vol. Il. Pl. XCII.
Habitat. The head-waters of the Napo.

107. IonmmA ScuREIBERSI . . . . . . Vol. II. Pl. XCIIL.

Trochilus Schreibersii, Lodd. MS.
Calothorax? Schreibersii, Gray & Mitch.
Thalurania Schreibersii, Bonap.
Tonolaima Schreibersii, Reich.
Campylopterus Schreiberst, Bonap.

Habitat. The forests bordering the Upper Rio Negro and the
Napo.

The Blanes composing the Andean genera to which the names of
Heliodoxa and Leadbeatera have been given are all truly beautiful
birds. ‘They are of large size, and have certain parts of their plu-
mage more than usually resplendent,—so much so, indeed, that no
bird has yet been found which equals them in this respect. From
Venezuela and New Granada on the north to Bolivia in the south,
the various members of these genera find a congenial habitat.

74:

Genus Hettopoxa, Gould.
(“HAwos, sol, et ddéa, gloria.)

Generic characters.

Male.— Bill longer than the head, straight and cylindrical ; wings
long and pointed ; tail ample and forked ; tars clothed ; feet small ;
hind toe shorter than the middle one; nazls feeble; centre of the
throat blue, surrounded by brilliant green.

Female.— Unadorned.

108. Hettopoxa sacuLta, Gould . . . . Vol. II. Pl. XCIV.

Leadbeatera jacula, Bonap., Reichenb.
* Coeligena jacula, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 688. fig. 4522.
* Heliodoxa jacula, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 22.

Habitat. New Granada.
109. Hetropoxa JAMEsonI . . . . ~ ~ Vol. JI. Pl. XCV.

Trochilus Jamesoni, Boure.

Leadbeatera Jamesoni, Bonap., Reichenb.
Coeligena Jamesoni, Reichenb.
Heliodoxa Jamesoni, Sclat., Cab.

Habitat. Ecuador. .
Hitherto I have entertained the opinion that the yacula and Lead-

beateri were of the same form ; but upon further consideration I now
believe them to be distinct; and as the former is the type of my

genus Heliodoxa, I retain that of Leadbeatera for the other.

Genus LeapBEATERA, Bonap.

. Of this form I possess three very distinct birds, which might be
| considered by some persons as one and the same, but in this opinion
' I cannot agree: the Ofero from Bolivia, and the Leadbeateri are too
unlike to be considered otherwise than as separate species ; while
the third, which is from Venezuela, is allied to the Bolivian bird
rather than to that from New Granada.

- 110. LEADBEATERA OTERO.
Palindoxe Oterd 6 6 Wet te ee ee Ae VE

Trochilus Otero, Tschudi.
Leadbeatera otero, Bonap., Reichenb.
*Colligena Otero, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 689. figs.
4523-24.
* Heliodora Otero, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 22, note.
* Leadbeatera sagitta, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7.
* Coeligena sagitta, Reichenb. Ib. p. 23; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 4,
pl. 689. fig. 4525, and pl. 690. figs. 4527-28.
* Heliodoxa sagitta, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 22.

Habitat. Peru and Bolivia.
111. LeapBEaTERA SPLENDENS, Gould.
Centre of the crown brilliant blue, bordered on each side with jet-

18

black; upper surface bronzy green; wings purplish brown; two
centre tail-feathers bronzy, the remainder black; under surface
glittering green ; under tail-coverts olive-grey ; bill black ; feet dark
brown.
Total length, 54 inches ; bill 14, ; wing ae; tail 94; tarsi 4.
Habitat. Venezuela.

This species is very nearly allied to the Leadbeatera Otero, but it
differs in having a straighter and shorter bill, and in the green tint
of the under surface.

112. LEADBEATERA GRATA.

Heliodoxa Leadbeatert . . . . . - « Vol. II. Pl. XCVIL.
Trochilus Leadbeateri, Bourc.

Leadbeatera grata, Bonap.

Mellisuga Leadbeateri, Gray & Mitch.

Heliodoxa Leadbeateri, Sclat.

Habitat. The hilly parts of New Granada.

' It matters not where we place the single species of the genus
Aithurus (Trochilus polytmus, in the body of the work), since it
offers no direct alliance to any one group. It is perhaps the most
singular and most aberrant of Humming-Birds : for it departs from
all the rest in the form of its wings, the second feather being the
longest, while in all the others the first exceeds the rest in length ;
how different also are its other characters! for instance, the tail
is not forked in the usual way, the second feather being lengthened
into flowing plumes, which apparently tend more to add to its ,
graceful appearance than to. facilitate its aérial evolutions. The |
young males do not possess this peculiarly formed tail; and the
females are so unlike both, that we should not have even suspected
their alliance, had we not positive evidence of it. This very isolated
form is a native of Jamaica, and there alone is it found. That so
large a bird and so very marked a form should be confined to such

a limited area is very surprising. |

Genus Airnurus, Cab.
113. AITHURUS POLYTMUS.
Trochilus polytmus . - + + + + + ~ Vol. II. Pl. XCVIII.

Mellisuga Jamaicensis atricapilla, cauda bifurca, Briss.
Mellivora avis maxima, Sloane.
Trochilus polytmus, Linn. et auct.
Ornismya cephalatra, Less.
*Cynanthus polytmus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
2145. :
*Polytmes cephalatra, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 72,
Polyimus, sp. 1.
*—_______ Ib. sp.2.; Trochilus stellatus, “ Gosse,” young male?
* Trochilus Maria, Hill, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. iii.
p. 258, 1849; Gosse, Ill. Birds of Jamaica, pl. 22.

76

* Polytmus viridans, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p 11; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 9, pl. 799. figs. 4858-60.

Aithurus polytmus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 50.

Habitat. Jamaica.

It will be seen that I have placed the séellatus of Gosse as a
synonym of Polytmus ; at the same time it is only justice to state
that I have never seen a second specimen in a similar state of plu-
mage, and it may be another species. I make this remark with Mr.
Gosse’s type specimen before me, it having been kindly presented
to me by that gentleman.

Genus THALURANIA, Gould.

(OddXw, vireo, et odpdrios, ccelestis.)

If all genera were as well defined as that of Zhalurania, the
ornithologist would be far less perplexed than he frequently is with
regard to the position of the species of which they are composed.
All the members of this extensive group are characterized by great
elegance of contour, the bill, wings, and tail being well propor-
tioned, and in harmony with the size of the body ; green and blue
are the prevailing hues of the under surface, while the crown and
throat, and sometimes the shoulders, are ornamented with blue.
The females are less elegant in form, and not so beautifully attired,
all those parts which are green and blue in the males being, in every
instance I believe, of a dull grey.

The extent of country ranged over by the members of this group
is very great: one, and one only, has been found to the north of
Panama; the remainder inhabit all the countries southward to the
latitude of Rio de Janeiro.

14s THALURANIA GLAUCOPIS “SS eo. Vel Ee 2 Ex,

Trochilus glaucopis, Gmel., Pr. Max., Vieill., Jard.
Mellisuga Brasiliensis, cauda bifurca, Briss. ?
Ornismya glaucopis, Less.
Polytmus glaucopis, Gray & Mitch.
Trochilus frontalis, Lath.
Thalurania glaucopis, Bonap., Reichenb.
Coeligena glaucopis, Reichenb.
*Cynanthus glaucopis, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
p- 147.
* Glaucopis frontalis, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 333.
* Thalurania glaucopis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 23.
Habitat. South-eastern Brazil.

115. THALURANIA WATERTONI . - + + ~~ Vol. If. Pl. C.

Trochilus Watertoni, Lodd., Boure.
Polytmus Watertoni, Grey & Mitch.
Thalurania Watertoni, Bonap.

— Whatertoni, Reichenb.
Coeligena Whatertoni, Reichenb.

Habitat. British Guiana; and Northern Brazil ?

eis

I9GC2PRALORANIA FURCATA ©« °o o> ss “We Ole er CL

Mellisuga Jamaicensis, violacea, cauda bifurca, Briss.

Trochilus furcatus, Gmel., Lath., Shaw, Vieill., Steph., Jard.

Ornsmya furcata, Less.

Polytmus furcatus, Gray & Mitch.

Thalurania furcata, Gould, Bonap.

_furcatus, Bonap.

*Cynanthus furcatus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
p- 148.

* Thalurania Gyrinno, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7.

*Coeligena Gyrinno, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 682. figs.
4500-1.

* Thalurania furcata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 24.

*__—_+_____—. furcata, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7.

*Coeligena furcata, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 682. figs.
4498-99.

* Trochilus furcatus, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 335.

Habitat. Cayenne and Guiana.

117. THALURANIA FURCATOIDES, Gould.
Thalurania furcatoides, Gould, in text to 7. furcata.
Habitat. Para and the lower part of the Amazon.

This bird is very like 7. furcata, but is of smaller size, has a much
less-forked tail, and the breast ultramarine-blue instead of purplish-
blue. I haveat this moment seven specimens before me, all of which
are alike, and readily distinguishable from the Cayenne bird.

118. THALURANIA FORFICATA, Cab.
* Thalurania forficata, Cab. et Hein. in Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 24.
Habitat. Supposed to be the neighbourhood of Para.

Through the kindness of Dr. Peters, the Director of the Royal
Museum of Berlin, I have had their specimen of 7’. forficata sent
to me for comparison. It is certainly distinct from any of the
species contained in the collections of this country: in size it is
nearly the same as 7. furcata; but its bill is rather shorter, its tail
longer, more deeply forked, and of a purplish-black colour instead
of steely black: it differs from that bird also in having the blue
colouring more extended down the back, approaching to that of
Watertoni; the green of the throat is circumscribed and truncate
below, as in furcata; and the crown of the head is black, but near
the centre is a single small blue feather: I think it likely that this
is accidental, as the bird appears to be fully adult: the under tail-
coverts are black.

119. THALURANIA REFULGENS, Gould . . . Vol. II. Pl. CII

Thalurania refulgens, Gould, Bonap., Reichenb.
Coeligena refulgens, Reichenb.
Habitat. Unknown ; supposed to be Venezuela.

78

190. THaLurania Tscuuptt, Gould. . . . Vol. Il. PL. CHL.
Trochilus furcatus, Tschudi.
Habitat. Ucayali and the eastern part of Ecuador.

121. THALURANIA NIGROFASCIATA, Gould. . Vol. II. Pl. CIV:

Trochilus (—?) nigrofasciatus, Gould.

Thalurania nigrofasciata, Gould, Reichenb., Cab.
— nigrofasciatus, Bonap.

Polytmus nigrofasciatus, Gray & Mitch.

Thalurania nigrofasciata, Bonap.

Coeligena nigrofasciata, Reichenb.

Thalurania viridipectus, Gould, Bonap., Reichenb.

Coeligena viridipectus, Reichenb.

Habitat. Upper Amazon and Rio Napo.

122. THALURANIA vENUSTA, Gould . . + - Vor 12 Fa cy.

Trochilus ( Thalurania) venusta, Gould.
) puella, Gould.
Thalurania venusta, Gould, Bonap., Reichenb.
— puella, Bonap., Reichenb.
* Coeligena venusta, Reichenb., Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 683. figs.
4504-5.
: puella, Reichenb. Ib. p. 3.

Habitat. Chiriqui in Costa Rica.

123. THALURANIA COLUMBICA-. - + + + + Vol. II. Pl. CVI.

Ornismya Colombica, Boure. et Muls.
Polytmus Columbicus, Gray & Mitch.
Thalurania Columbiana, Gould.
— colombiea, Bonap.
— columbica, Reichenb.
i’ — columbica, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iti. p. 24.

Habitat. The hilly parts of New Granada.

124. THALURANIA VERTICEPS, Gould . - - Vol. II. Pl. CVII.

Trochilus ( Thalurania) verticeps, Gould.
Thalurania verticeps, Gould, Bonap.
Thalurania Lydia, Reichenb.
Riccordia verticeps, Reichenb.
* Chlorestes verticeps, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p.4, pl. 705. fig.
4590.

Habitat. Ecuador.

125. THALURNIA FANNIE.

Trochilus Fanny?, Bourc. et Delatt.
Hylocharis Fannyi, Gray & Mitch.
*Coeligena Fanny, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 683. figs.
4502-3.

79

* Thalurania Fanny, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 254;
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 23.

Habitat. The Andes of Quindios.

I have a specimen of this bird, collected by Warszewicz on the
Cordillera of Quindios, which is precisely the same with the type
specimen of the 7. Fannyi of MM. Bourcier and Delattre. It
differs from my 7. verticeps in being considerably smaller and in
having the abdomen purple-blue in lieu of cold prussian-blue.

126. THALURANIA ERIPHYLE . ... Vol. I. Pl. CVI.
Ornismya Eriphile, Less.
Polytmus Eriphile, Gray & Mitch.

Thalurania eryphila, Bonap.
Eryphile, Reichenb.
————- eriphile, Bonap., Gould.
Ornismya meriphile, Less. in err.
* Coeligena Eryphile, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 582. figs.
4507-8.
* Glaucopis eriphile, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 334.
* Trochilus excisus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.
* Thalurania eryphile, Cab. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 23.
Habitat. Eastern Brazil.
197. THALURANIA? WAGLERI. . . . « + Vol, II. Pl CIX.
Ornismya Waglerii, Less.
Trochilus Waglerii, Jard.
Cynanthus Waglerii, Jard.
Hylocharis Wagleri, Gray & Mitch.
Thalurania wagleri, Bonap., Reichenb.
* Trochilus bicolor, Vieill. Ois. dor., tom. i. p. 75, pl. 36.
* Coeligena Wagleri, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 702. figs.
4576-77.
* Thalurania Wagleri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 24.
Habitat. Brazil.

The three species constituting my genus Panoplites very closely
resemble each other in size, in structure, and in the markings of
their tails, but are very dissimilar in the colouring of their bodies.
They are all inhabitants of the Ecuadorian Andes, and one of them
(P. flavescens) extends its range as far north as Bogota. The
most remarkable species of this form is the P. Jardinei, whose glit-
tering upper surface is wonderfully brilliant.

Genus Panoruites, Gould.
(Havorhirys, omnino armatus. )

Generic characters.

Male.—Bill strong, and a trifle longer than the head; body stout
and thick-set ; wings long and pointed ; fail moderately long and
square, the feathers broad ; ¢arsz clothed and stout ; hind toe strong,
and of the same length as the middle one; mails short. ;

Female—Very similar to the male in plumage.

G2

198; Pawopiives JARDINEDS. 26 eso seu Vol HPL CK.

Trochilus Jardini, Boure. :
Florisuga jardinii, Bonap., Reichenb. :
* Panoplites Jardinet, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 75, note.

Hobitat. Nanegal and other warm parts of Ecuador.

129. PANOPLITES FLAVESCENS. .,. . + - Vol. II. Pl. CXI.

Trochilus flavescens, Lodd.

Ornismia paradisea, Boiss.

Mellisuga flavescens, Gray & Mitch.

Amazilius flavescens, Bonap.

Clytolema flavescens, Bonap.
* Boissonneaua flavescens, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 11; Id. Troch.

Enum. p. 8, pl. 787. figs. 4830-31.

* Panoplites flavescens, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 74.
* Trochilus Lichtensteinii, Saucer. in Mus. of Berlin.

Habitat. Ecuador and New Granada.

130. Panoptires MattnHewst .. . . . Vol. Il. Pl. CXII.

Trochilus Matthewsi, Lodd., Bourc.
Mellisuga Matthews, Gray & Mitch.
Clytolema matthewsi, Bonap.
* Heliodoxa Maitthewsii, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 9.
* Boissonneaua Matthewsii, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl. 787.
figs. 4832-33.
* Panoplites Matthewsi, Cab.et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p.74, note.

Habitat. Ecuador.

Somewhat allied to the Panoplite, are the members of the

Genus FLorisuca, Bonap.,

all of which are remarkable for their‘large fan-shaped tails, and for
having all the feathers of this organ white. The females are less
strikingly coloured. One of the species, F’. mellivora, enjoys a most
extensive range; for it inhabits alike the low lands of Northern Brazil,
Cayenne, Guiana, Trinidad, Venezuela, the temperate regions of New
Granada, and Central America; the other two are confined to more
limited areas. The F. mellivora and fF’. atra are among the oldest-
known and the commonest of the Humming-Birds, there being no
collection of any extent without examples of them.

131. FrORISUGA MerEDoRa: (i 106s 4 6" 2 -Vol i. PL CAUIL

Trochilus mellivorus, Linn. et auct.

Mellisuga Surinamensis torquata, Briss.
Surinamensis, Steph.

Ornismya mellivora, Less.

Topaza mellivora, Gray & Mitch.

Florisuga mellivora, Bonap.

Trochilus fimbriatus, Linn., Lath.

81

Mellisuga Cayenensis gutture nevio, Briss.
Topaza fimbriata, Gray & Mitch. ,
*ZLampornis mellivora, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii.
p- 155.
* Florisuga mellivora, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 12; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 29.

Habitat. Brazil, Trinidad, New Granada, Bogota, and Guatemala.

132. FLoRISUGA FLABELLIFERA, Gould . . Vol. II. Pl. CXIV.

Trochilus ( ?) flabelliferus, Gould.
Florisuga flabellifera, Bonap.
* Florisuga flabellifera, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 12; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein, p. 29, note.
* Topaza flabellifera, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 110.
Topaza, sp. 8.
Habitat. The Island of Tobago, and perhaps elsewhere.

«Tam not able,” says Mr. Kirk, “to decide as to this bird being
a native of Tobago. It is only to be met with at certain seasons ; but
whether it leaves the island, or retires to the interior, I am not at
present prepared to say. It is seldom to be found in open sunshine:
the mornings and evenings are its principal times for feeding, and
its evolutions then are truly pleasing,—at one instant suspended
immovable to the eye (although alternately showing the purest white
and green), at the very top of our tallest bamboo, guava, or other
tree, and at the next moment at the root, with two or three zigzags
right and left, up and down, dipping either into the river or snapping
a fly from the surface, and then disappearing. I think it probable
that this bird feeds more upon winged insects than most of the
others, which may account for its being seen so early in the calm
mornings, retiring generally into the thick wild plantain bushes as
soon as the sun begins to spread his rays upon them, and appearing
again in the evening when he is going down, or when his rays cease
to act upon their spot of pleasure. A female shot on the 19th of
April contained an egg almost perfect.”—Hore Zoologice, by Sir
W. Jardine, Bt. in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xx. p. 373.

Poa PieIs0GA ATRA oo sone es VO DL PL eee
’ Trochilus ater, Pr. Max.
atratus, Licht.
— niger, Swains.

Jfuscus, Vieill.

Ornismya lugubris, Less.

Colibri leucopygius, Spix-

Mellisuga ater, Steph.

Topaza atra, Gray & Mitch.

Florisuga atra, Bonap. ,
* Lampornis niger, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii. p. 156.
* Florisuga fusca, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p.14; Id. Troch. Enum.

p. 12; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 29.

Habitat. Eastern Brazil.

82

That all the Humming-Birds are not yet discovered we may very
reasonably conjecture, and we may ask what will be our next novelty —
in this group of birds. This remark has suggested itself upon find-
ing next in succession the singular little Microchera albocoronata.
Although America has been discovered for more than 300 years, and
collectors have been employed for the last fifty in searching for its
treasures of various kinds, we had no knowledge of the existence of
this bird until 1852, when Dr. J. K. Merritt shot three examples in
the district of Belen in New Granada.

Genus Microcuera, Gould.
(yuKpos, parvus, et yypa, vidua.)

Generic characters.

Male.— Bill about the same length as the head, and straight ;
wings moderate ; ¢azé rather short and square ; ¢arsi clothed ; feet
small; claws diminutive.

134. MicrocHERA ALBOCORONATA, Gould. . Vol. II. Pl. CXVI.
Mellisuga albo-coronata, Lawr.
Habitat. The district of Belen in New Granada.

A considerable hiatus here occurs, which cannot at present be
filled up, and we come to the elegant frill-necked Coquettes, the
Lophornithes ; and with these I commence the third volume.

They are among the most beautiful of the smaller members of
the Trochilide, and are distinguished by the possession of length-
ened ornamental plumes springing from the sides of the neck,
which generally have a spangle of metallic lustre at the tip; they
are further ornamented with beautiful lengthened crests, which are
developed to a greater extent in some species than in others: in
those in which the neck plumes are the longest, the crests are least
so, and vice versd. They are spread over a great part of America,
from Mexico along the Andes to Bolivia; they also occur in Brazil,
the Guianas, and the Island of Trinidad.

Genus Lopuornis, Less.
135. LopuHornis ornatus .. . . .. Vol. III. Pl. CXVIL

Trochilus ornatus, Gmel., Lath., Shaw.
Ornismya ornata, Less.
Mellisuga ornata, Gray & Mitch.
Lophornis auratus, Bonap.
ornatus, Bonap. .
ornata, Less., Gray, Reichenb.

Habitat. Northern Brazil, Guiana, and Trinidad.

Mr. W. Tucker informs me that in Trinidad this species “ fre-
quents the pastures and open places, and visits the flowers of all the

83

small shrubs, but is particularly fond of those of the Ipecacuanha
plant, and that it is very pugnacious, erecting its crest, throwing out
its whiskers, and attacking every Humming-Bird that may pass
within its range of vision.”

136. LopHornis Goutpt . . . . ~- Vol. IL. Pl. CXVIII.

Ornismya Gouldii, Less.
Trochilus Gouldii, Jard.
Lophornis Gouldii, Less.
Mellisuga Gouldt, Gray § Mitch,
Lophornis gouldi, Bonap.
Bellatriz Gouldii, Reichenb.

Habitat. Northern Brazil.

137. LopHornis MaGniricus . . , . Vol. III. Pl. CXIX.

Trochilus magnificus, Vieill., Temm., J ard., Pr. Max. zu Wied.
—____ decorus, Licht.
Colibri helios, Spix.
Ornismya magnifica, Less.
strumaria, Less.
Lophornis strumaria, Less. ;
Mellisuga magnifica, Gray & Mitch.
Lophornis magnificus, Bonap.
Bellatriz magnifica, Reichenb.
* Ornismya strumaria, Dev. Rev. et Mag. de Zool, 1852, p. 215.
Habitat. South-eastern Brazil.

Mr. Deville states that this bird is found for a portion of the
year in different Brazilian districts, and is so bold that the sight of
man creates no alarm. Its food chiefly consists of small insects,
which it seizes on the wing, precipitating itself from the extremity
of a dead bough, upon which it often passes entire hours in the same
position: when it has chosen a branch it rarely proceeds far from it,
and always returns to it. It is very common in the environs of Rio
de Janeiro.

138. LopHornis ReGuyus, Gould . . a NBs Ill, FE CXX.

Trochilus (Lophornis) regulus, Gould.
Mellisuga regulus, Gray & Mitch.
Lophornis regulus, Bonap.

Habitat. Cochabamba in Bolivia.

I possess a bird of this genus from Peru, with a more truncate
form of crest than that of L. Regulus, the fine feathers of which are
rather largely tipped with spangles of dark green. This may pro-
bably prove to be, and I believe 1s, really distinct; I have conse- |
quently proposed for it the specific name of lophotes. Insizeand |
colouring it very closely resembles the L. Regulus, with the excep-
tional difference in the form of the crest.

139. LopHORNIS LOPHOTES, Gould.
Habitat. Peru.

84

140. Lopnornis Denatrret, Less.. . . Vol. II. Pl. CXXI.
Habitat. New Granada.

141, Lopuornis Recina, Gould . . . Vol. Ill. Pl. CXXII.

Lophornis Regine, Gould.
Mellisuga regine, Gray & Mitch.
Lophornis regine, Bonap.
Bellatrix Regine, Reichenb.
Habitat. New Granada.

Mr. Fraser, who killed an example at Zamora, in Ecuador, states
that the irides of this species are black, and its mandibles reddish
flesh-colour, with a black tip ; he adds that it was feeding from a
large Guarumba tree.

142. LorHornis TEENS... « «+: «> VobeRie OL 4X MALL,

Ornismya Helene, Delatt.
Mellisuga Helene, Gray & Mitch.
Lophornis helene, Bonap.
helena, Bonap.
Helene, Reichenb.

Habitat. Guatemala and Southern Mexico.

Mr. Salvin states that this species is not uncommon in the vicinity
of Coban, and that its ery “is peculiarly shrill and unlike that of —
any other species I know ; hence its presence may be noticed if only
the cry of a passing bird be heard. It feeds among the Salvie that
so abound in the mountain-hollows about Coban ; and it is said also
to show a partiality for the flowers of the Tasisco when that tree is in
full bloom, in the month of December. In the month of November
females of this species are very rare. Of the specimens I collected,
there was only one female to seventeen males.

“In the Indian language of Coban, Lophornis Helene has, besides
the name ‘ Tzunnun,’ which is applied to all the small Humming-
Birds, the additional name of ‘ Achshukub.’ The Spanish name is
‘ El Gorrion Cachudo’—the Horned Humming-Bird.”—TIéis, vol. ii.
p- 268.

Although I have placed all the species known by the trivial name of
Coquettes in the genus Lophornis, the L. chalybeus and L. Verreauzi
have been separated by M. Cabanis into a distinct genus, under the
name of Polemistria.

Genus Potemistria, Cab.

These birds, as will be seen on reference te the plates on which
they are represented, vary considerably from all the true Lophor-
nithes ; the feathers of the neck-frill are very different, and the tail
is much longer and more rounded. I shall not be surprised if an-
other species of this peculiar form should be discovered ; for I have
in my possession the skin of a female from Bogota, which I am inclined
to think is the female of an unknown species.

85

143. PoLEMISTRIA CHALYBEA.
Lophornis chalybeus . . + + + © Vol. III. Pl. CX XIV.

Trochilus chalybeus, Vieill., Temm., Jard.
festivus, Licht.
Ornismya Vieillottii, Less.
Mellisuga chalybea, Gray & Mitch.
: Lophornis chalybeus, Bonap.
Ornismya Audenetii, Less.
Trochilus Audenetu, Jard.
Colibri mystax, Spix.
Mellisuga Audenetii, Gray & Mitch.
Lophornis Audeneti, Bonap.

Habitat. Brazil.

144, PoLeMisTRIA VERREAUXI. i
Lophornis Verreauxi . . . . . « Vol. IIT. Pl. CXXV. HH

Trochilus Verreauzi, Boure.
Lophornis Verreauxi, Reichenb.
Bellatriz verreauai, Bonap.

Habitat. Peru.

I shall now proceed to the single species of the genus Discura.
The band which crosses the lower part of the back allies this bird to
the Lophornithes on the one hand, and to Prymnacantha and the
Gouldie on the other. ;

Genus Discura, Bonap.
145. DiscuRA LONGICAUDA ~ oy a aa CALS hs EY I.

Trochilus longicaudus, Gmel.

Mellisuga longicauda, Gray & Mitch.

Discosura longicauda, Bonap.

Discura longicauda, Bonap., Reichenb.

Trochilus platurus, Lath., Vieill., Drapiez, Pr. Max. zu Wied.
Ornismya platura, Less.

Mellisuga platura, Steph.

Trochilus (Ocreatus) ligonicaudus, Gould.

| ; Discosura ligonicauda, Bonap.

Discura platura, Reichenb.

Habitat. Cayenne, Brazil, and Demerara.

Gouldia, Popelairia, Gouldomyia and Prymnacantha, are all ge-
neric terms proposed for the four species I have called by the trivial
name of Thorn-tail. Of these Bonaparte’s name of Gouldia, having
the priority, has been adopted by me in the body of this work ; but
as the first species G. Popelairi differs from the others In possess-
ing a most singular and elegant crest terminating in two hair-like
feathers, I propose to adopt M. Cabanis’s classical name of Prymna-
cantha for this species, and to retain Gouldia for the others.

86

Genus PrymMNacantHa, Cab.

146. Prymnacantua PorEeLAtREl.
Gouldia Popelairi «.d-i..0> . s.. VolLIDG- Pl, OXXYII.
Trochilus Popelairii, Dubus.
Mellisuga Popelairii, Gray & Mitch.
Gouldia popelairt, Bonap.
Habitat. New Granada.

Genus Gouxp1a, Bonap.

147. Goutp1a Lancsporrrir . . . Vol. III. Pl. CXXVIII.

Trochilus Langsdorfi, Vieill., Temm., Valenc., Less.
Ornismya Langsdorfi, Less.

Colibri hirundinaceus, Spix.

Mellisuga Langsdorfii, Gray & Mitch.

Gouldia langsdorffi, Bonap.

Habitat. Brazil; and I have a single specimen from the Rio Napo.

148. Goutpia Converst . . . ... Vol. IDL. Pl: OXXIX,
Trochilus Conversii, Boure.
Mellisuga Conversii, Gray & Mitch.
Gouldia conversi, Bonap.

Habitat. From Bogota along the Andes to Popayan; and Ecuador,
from which latter country I have a single specimen.

149. Goutpia Laritim . . . . . . Vol. IIL. Pl. CXXX.
Trochilus Letitie, Bource.
Gouldia letitia, Bonap.
Laetitia, Reichenb.
Habitat. Bolivia.

Genus Trocai.us, Linn.

The members of this genus as now restricted are only two in num-
ber—T. colubris and T. Alexandri. Both these birds are of moderate
size and of elegant proportions. The males are decorated with richly-
coloured gorgets, while the females are clothed in a sombre livery.

150. TRocuitus cotusris, Linn. . . Vol. III. Pl. CXXXI.
Trochilus colubris, Linn. et auct.
Mellisuga Carolinensis gutture rubro, Briss.
colubris, Steph., Gray & Mitch.
Ornismya colubris, Less.
*Cynanthus colubris, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p- 143.
Habitat. The eastern part of North America in summer; Mexico
and Guatemala in winter, at which season it is also occasionally
found in Cuba, and sometimes in Bermuda.

T have observed that specimens from Guatemala are smaller
and lighter-coloured than those obtained in North America. In

87

all probability these constitute a race which does not migrate so far
north as the United States. It is probable, also, that the birds
frequenting the latter country do not go further south than Mexico.

«This species,” say Messrs. Sclater and Salvin, ‘would appear to
be abundant in the winter months in Guatemala, as numerous ex-
amples were obtained by Mr. Skinner. It occurs at Acatenango, a
village on the southern slope of the great Cordillera, showing that it
chooses for its winter retreat the moderate climate afforded by the
region lying between the elevations of 3000 and 4000 feet.”’—Jdis,
vol. i. 1859, p. 129.

151. Trocuitus ALEXANDRI, Boure. et Muls.
: Vol. IIL. Pl. CXXXII.
Trochilus Alecandri, Bourc. et Muls., Cassin.
Mellisuga Alexandri, Gray & Mitch.
Archilochus Alexandri, Reichenb.
Trochilus Alexandri, Bonap.
*Trochilus Cassini, Bonap. MSS.
*______ Suecicus, in Mus. Gétzian. Dresden.
* Selasphorus Alexandri, Reich. Troch. Enum. p. 10.
Habitat. Northern Mexico and California. Found by Dr. Heer-
mann at Sacramento city, within the limits of the United States.

Genus Mexuisuea, Briss.

This genus contains but a single species, unless the very minute
Humming-Bird in the Loddigesian Collection should prove to be
really distinct. The member or members of the genus, as the case
may be, must be regarded as the very smallest of the Trochilide.
Both sexes are destitute of luminous colouring.

152. MELLISUGA MINIMA. . . « + Vol. III. Pl. CXXXIII.

Trochilus minimus, Linn. et auct.

Polytmus minimus variegatus, Brown.

Trochilus minutulus, Vieill.

Mellisuga Dominicensis, Briss.

Trochilus Vieilloti, Shaw.

Mellisuga Vieilloti, Steph.

Ornismya minima, Less.

Mellisuga humilis, Gosse.

Trochilus Catharine, Sallé.

Hylocharis nigra, Gray & Mitch.

Mellisuga minima, Bonap.

Trochilus niger, Gmel., Lath., &e.
*____ pygmaeus, Swains. Birds of Brazil, pl. 7s.

Habitat. Jamaica and St. Domingo.
Genus CaLyere, Gould.
(Kakurri, operta).

Generic characters.
Male.—Bill longer than the head, straight, or slightly arched ;

88

éail rather short, the three outer feathers stiff, narrow, and slightly
incurved ; éarsi clothed ; feet small ; hind and fore toes nearly equal
in length ; entire head and throat luminous.

Female.—Destitute of luminous colouring.

This is strictly a Mexican genus, all the members of which are
beautifully coloured, the entire head and face of the males appear-
ing as if covered with a mask of burnished metal.

Loo, CALYETH COSTS 4 .: .. + « . Vol. dil, PL CXXXIV.

Ornismya Coste, Bourc., Longuem. & Parz.
Melhisuga Coste, Gray & Mitch.
Selasphorus Coste, Bonap.

Atthis Coste, Reichenb.

Trochilus Coste, Reichenb.

Habitat. Mexico, Southern California, and Colorado Basin.

154, Canyere ANNA -2 3-5. °°) Wok TEE PR GORRXV.

Ornismya Anna, Less.

Trochilus Anna, Jard.

Mellisuga Anna, Gray & Mitch.

Selasphorus anna, Bonap.

Calliphlox anna, Gambel.

Atthis Anna, Reichenb.

Trochilus icterocephalus, Nuttall.

*Calliphlow lamprocephalus, Licht. Cat. of Birds in Mus. of Berlin,
ee

Habitat, The table lands of Mexico and California.

155. Catypre Henenam . . . >. . Vol. Ill. Pt. CXXXVI.

Orthoriynchus Helene, Lambeye.
Boothi, Gundl.

Habitat. Cuba.

Genus SeLaspHorvs, Swains.

The species of this form are characterized by the great brilliancy
of the gorgets of the males. The females are destitute of these fine
colours. The rounded or cuneate form of the tail in these birds at once
separates them from the members of the last-mentioned genus.

156. SELAspHoRUs RUFUS . . . . Vol. III. Pl. CXXXVII.
Trochilus rufus, Gmel. et auct.
collaris, Lath.
———— WSitkensis, Rathke.
Ornismya Sasin, Less.
Trochilus (Selasphorus) rufus, Swains. & Rich.
Selasphorus rufus, Audub.
Mellisuga rubra, Gray & Mitch.
Selasphorus ruber, Bonap.
Calliphlox rufa, Gambel.

89

%Selasphorus ruber, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 56.
Habitat. Mexico. In summer it also occurs in California, and

even as far north as Nootka Sound, and sometimes at Sitka.
Refer to the account of this species for my remarks respecting its
not being identical with the Trochilus ruber of Linnzeus ; and also to

a very interesting paper in the ‘Natural History of Washington-

territory,’ by Drs. Cooper and Suckley.

157. SELASPHORUS SCINTILLA, Gould. Vol. III. Pl. CXXXVIII.
Trochilus (Selasphorus) scintilla, Gould.

Habitat. The inner sides of the voleanic mountain Chiriqui in
Costa Rica.

158. SeuaAspHorus Froresir . . . Vol. If. Pl, CKXXIX.
Trochilus Floresii, Lodd. MSS. i .
Habitat. Bolanos in Central Mexico. ie

159. SeLASpHoRUS PLATYcERCUS. . . . Vol. III. Pl. CXL.

Trochilus platycercus, Swains.

Ornismya tricolor, Less.

montana, Less.

Mellisuga platycerca, Gray & Mitch.

Selasphorus platycercus, Bonap.

*Trochilus montanus, Swains. Birds of Brazil, pl. 74.

Habitat. Guatemala, Mexico, and, according to Dr. Baird, “through i
Rocky Mountains to Fort Bridger, Utah.”

I have observed that specimens from Guatemala are much smaller | ni
than those from the table lands of Mexico. M. Boucard found this — ae
bird at Oaxaca in Southern Mexico, and Mr. Salvin at Duefias in © | |
Guatemala.

Genus Arruis, Reichenb.

The type of this genus is 4. Heloise; and I retain the term
for this very singular and beautiful bird, which in the character of

its plumage and the colouring of its tail differs from every other with
which I am acquainted. The plumage is extremely soft, and easily
| disarranged.

160. Arruis HELoIsz.
Selasphorus Heloise . - - + + - + Vol. III. Pl. CXLI.
Ornismya Heloisa, Less. & Delatt.
. Mellisuga Heloisa, Gray & Mitch.
| Tryphena heloisa, Bonap.
Habitat. Central America and Southern Mexico.

« Two birds were given to me,” says Mr. Salvin, ‘* by Don Vicente
Constancia, who had received them from a place called Chimachoyo,
near Calderas, in the Volcan de Fuego; and two other specimens I
have in my collection were shot in the tierra caliente north of Co-

¢

90

ban. Hence it would appear that this, like many other species of
Humming-Birds, is found in very different climates.” — Ibis, ii.
p. 266.

Numerously subdivided as the members of this family already are,
I cannot pass over the beautiful Calliope without perceiving the ne-
cessity for a separate distinctive appellation; I therefore propose
that of Stedlula.
Genus STELLuLA, Gould.

(dim. of S¢ella.)

Generic characters.

Male.—Bill longer than the head, straight and pointed ; wings
moderately long and. sickle-shaped ; first primary rigid ; tail short
and truncate ; feet small; claws diminutive and curved.

The starry throat-mark of this bird would appear to indicate that
it should be associated with the members of the next genus, Calo-
thorax ; but on an examination of the tail we find it to be short and
truncate, and that consequently the bird is of a very different form.

At present but one species of this form has been discovered; and
this ranges very far north, not only over the high lands of Mexico,
but even enters California, as is shown by specimens having been
sent to me from thence by Dr. Baird of Washington, and Mr. Bridges
of California.

161. SreLLuLa CALLIOPE.

Calothorax Calliope, Gould. . . . . Vol. IIL. Pl. CXLII.

Trochilus (Calothorax) Calliope, Gould.
Calothoraz caltiope, Gray & Mitch., Bonap., Reichenb.

Habitat. The table lands of Northern Mexico and California.
The type of the

Genus Catornorax, G. R. Gray,

is the well-known Mexican Star, C. cyanopogon, which, together
with the new species discovered by M. Sallé, and named by me C.
pulchra, are all that are known of this peculiar form. Both these
birds are natives of Mexico—one inhabiting the table lands, the other
the more southern and hotter districts. Both have very singularly
formed tails—the outer feather being shorter than the next, and the
four central ones so abbreviated as to be almost hidden by the
coverts. When the males display their luminous gorgets, they must
appear truly beautiful. The females possess none of this fine colour-
ing, but, on the contrary, are very plainly attired.

162, CanorHorax cyanopocon . . . Vol. III. Pl. OXLIII.
Cynanthus Lucifer, Swains. ;
Ornismya cyanopogon, Less.

Calothorax lucifer, Gray & Mitch.
Lrochilus cyanopogon, Jard.
~ lucifer, Jard.

91

Lucifer cyanopogon, Reichenb.

Trochilus simplex, Less. ae

s cyanopogon, Swains. Birds of Brazil, pl. 77.

ss coruscus, Licht. Preis-Verz. Mexican. Thier. v. Deppe
& Schiede (Sept. 1830) No. 34, 35.

Habitat. The table land of Northern Mexico.

163. CaLoTHoRAX PULCHRA, Gould . . Vol. III. PI. CXLIV.
Habitat. Oaxaca in Southern Mexico.

It has always appeared to me that the well-known Calothorax
Mulsanti and C. Heliodori might very properly be separated into a
distinct genus ; and this I have accordingly done. With these must
be associated the species to which I have given the name of C. deco-
ratus, and, I think, the singular little C. micrurus. They are all from
the Andes, and are among the most diminutive of the Trochilide.
Their structure would lead one to suspect that their wings are capable
of very rapid motion, that organ being so small that it must be moved
with increased rapidity to enable the bird to sustain itself when poising
before a flower.

Genus AcrstruRA, Gould.
axéorpa, acts, et ovpa, cauda.

Generic characters. et

Male.— Bill longer than the head, cylindrical, and very slightly
arched ; two centre tail-feathers extremely small, the two outer ones
filamentous and shorter than the third; wings diminutive ; tarsi
clothed ; feet small; gorget luminous.

Female-——Unadorned.

164. AcestruRA MULSANTI.
Calothorax Mulsanti . . . «© . . « Vol. III. Pl. CXLV.

Ornismya Mulsanti, Boure.
Mellisuga Mulsanti, Gray & Mitch.
Calothoraz Mulsanti, Bonap.
*Lucifer Mulsanti, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 10.
*Trochilus filicaudus, Licht. in Mus. Berol.
*Chaetocercus Mulsanti, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 60.

Habitat. The temperate regions of the Andes, from Bogota to
Quito.
I observe that specimens from the former locality are smaller than

those from the latter. : i
Mr. Fraser found this bird at Pallatanga and Puellaro in Ecuador,

165. ACESTRURA DECORATA, Gould, : st hy
Calothorax decoratus, Gould . - + - Vol IL. Pl. CXLVL
Habitat. Uncertain, but supposed to be Antioquia, in New

Granada. GE TiS Se otEsa 5

92

166. Acrestrura Hextoport. .
Calothorax Heliodori . . . . . . Volz III. Pl. CXLVII.

Ornismya Heliodori, Boure. :

Mellisuga Heliodori, Gray & Mitch.

Calothorax Heliodori, Bonap.
* Lucifer Heliodori, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 10.
*Chaetocercus Heliodort, Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein, Theil iii, p. 60.
*Calothorax bombilus, Reichenb. MS.

Habitat. The Andes of New Granada.

167, ACESTRURA MicRURA, Gould.
Calothorax micrurus, Gould. . . . Vol. III. Pl. CXLVIII.
Habitat. Peru or Bolivia.

The members of the genus Acestrura naturally lead on to the
Calothorax Rose and C. Jourdani constituting the

Genus Cumrtocercus, G. R. Gray.

Both these birds have very singularly formed tails, as may be seen
on reference to the respective plates on which they are represented.

168. CuztTocercus Rosa.
Calothorax Rost -s-5, i. 5 --« a Web Pl, CXLIX.
Trochilus Rose, Boure. & Muls.

Mellisuga rose, Gray & Mitch.
Calothorax Rosae, Reichenb.

— rosa, Bonap.
*Chaetocercus Rosae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p- 60.

Habitat. Venezuela.

169. CHarTrocercus JouRDANI.
Cuethorax courdant ...< -o . noc oc. ¥ol. Ii. PLC.

Ornismya Jourdani, Boure.
Jordani, Boure.
Melhisuga Jourdani, Gray & Mitch.
Calothorax jourdani, Bonap.
-—— Jourdani, Reich.
Callothorax jourdani, Bonap.
Chetocercus Jourdani, Gray.

Habitat. The Island of Trinidad, where Mr. Tucker states that it
frequents the Savannahs, but is very rare.

The bird which I have figured under the name of Calothorax
Fanny is the type of the

Genus Myrtis, Reichend.,
which I adopt for that beautiful bird and the C. FY arrelli, as I con-

93

sider them to be a very distinct form, and one which is especially re-
markable for the structure of the tail.

170. Myrtis Fanni&. oe
Calothorax Fanny... + ~¢-+00* + Vol. IJ. Pl. CLI.

Ornismya Fanny, Less.
Trochilus Labrador, Boure.
Calothorax Fanny, Gray & Mitch.
Thaumastura fanny, Bonap.
Lucifer labrador, Bonap.
Labrador, Reichenb. —
Myrtis Fanny, Reich.
Habitat. Ecuador and Peru.
Mr. Fraser found it at Cuenca in November 1857, when it was
“common about the gardens and lane hedgerows. It makes much

more humming with its wings than the long-tailed green Lesbia.”—
Proce. Zool. Soc. part xxvi. p. 499.

171. Myrris YARRELLI.
Calothorax Yarrelli. ©. - 2 6 2 toe Vol. IIL. Pl. CLIT.

Trochilus Yarrelli, Bourc.
Habitat. Western Peru, particularly the neighbourhood of Arica.

How very singular and diversified in form are the Humming-Birds
of Peru! So varied indeed are they that almost every species demands
a generic appellation ; the T’. Core with its beautiful throat and length-
ened tail is the type of the

Genus TuaumasturRA, Bonap.

Of this peculiar form only one species is known, of which the male
alone is decorated with fine colours, and bears the singularly con-
structed tail.

172. TaaumastuRACoRmH. . . . = - Vol. II. Pl. CLIII.

Ornismya Cora, Less.

Calothorax cora, Gray & Mitch.

Trochilus Cora, Jard.

Thaumastura cora, Bonap. .
*Ornismya cora, Dev. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1852, p. 21 ys

Habitat. Peru.

M. Deville states that this bird is found during the months of
February, March, April, and May only, in the humid districts bor-
dering the River Rime at Lima. it is seen in small troops com-
posed of six or eight couples, which are constantly pursuing one
another, and uttering a slight cry. It is very airy in its flight, and
rarely permits any other Humming-Bird to remain in its neighbour-
hood, but wages a continual and terrible war with them.

The largest species of the luminous lilac-throated Peruvian
H

94

Humming-Birds, the Vespera, constitutes the

Genus Ruoports, Reichenb.,

which, as the form differs from all the others, I have no other alter-
native, if I act with consistency, than to adopt. It has a deeply
forked tail, the feathers of which are narrow and rigid, not soft and
yielding as in the 7. Core. I have never seen a second species of this
particular form. The female, like that sex in many other allied
genera, is destitute of brilliant colouring.

173. RHODOPHIS VESPERA .. ., «ect VOL bike DeCaa

Ornismya vesper, Less.

Trochilus vesper, Jard.
Calothorax vesper, Gray & Mitch
Thaumastura vesper, Bonap.
Lucifer vesper, Bonap.

Rhodopis vespera, Reichenb.
Calliphlox vespera, Reichenb. -

Habitat. Peru.

Not less beautiful in the colouring of their gorgets are the mem-
bers of the
Genus Doricna, Reichenb.

The Eliza, the Guatemalan bird known as enicura, and the less-
known Bahama species Evelyne, are all associated by me in this
genus; and if the Plates on which they are respectively figured be
referred to, it will be seen how beautiful are the throat-markings of
the males.

174. Doricua Exviz@.
Thaumastura Elizeé?*s: . 2. 2...) .).) Vol. ITT. Pl. GLY.

Trochilus Eliza, Less.
Myrtis Elisa, Reichenb.
Lucifer elisa, Bonap.
Calothorax Eliza, Gray & Mitch.
*Thaumastura Eliza, Montes de Oca in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad. 1860, p. 552.

Habitat. Southern Mexico.

“This,” says M. Montes de Oca, “is one of the rarest of the
Mexican Humming-Birds. It is small, very beautiful, and flies with
wonderful rapidity, moving its wings with such velocity that it is
almost impossible to see them; and it might easily be mistaken for
a large bee, from the buzzing sound produced by their incessant
motion. In the vicinity of Jalapa it is called Mirto de Colo de
tisera, or the spear-tailed Myrtle-sucker. It is very shy, and differs
in its habits and manners from all other species. It is on the wing
very early in the morning; and I have never seen any of the few
specimens that have come under my observation between the hours
of seven or eight o’clock a.m and five p.m., when they are again to

95 ‘*

be met with until dusk. When it has once been detected feeding at
any patticular spot, it is almost sure to be found there at the same
hour for several days in succession. It feeds on the Masapan and To-
baco flowers, preferring, I think, the latter. It is also found and
breeds at the Barrancas de Jico (or the Precipices of Jico), about
twenty miles from Jalapa. The nest, which is very small, round,
flat at the bottom, and neither so deep nor so thick at the base as
those of most Humming-Birds, is covered on the outside with moss
from stones, and lined with ¢wle, or cattail silky floss.”

175. DoricHa EVELYNE. .
Thaumastura Evelyne . . . . . ~ Vol. III. Pl. CLVI.

Trochilus Evelyne, Bourc.
Calothorax Evelyne, Gray & Mitch.
Eveline, Reichenb.
Callothoraz evillina, Bonap.
Trochilus Bahamensis, Bryant.

Habitat. Bahama Islands.

176. DorrcHa ENICURA.
Thaumastura enicura . . . - - « = Vol. If. Pl. CLVII.

Trochilus enicurus. Vieill., Temm., Jard.
Ornismya heteropygia, Less.

Trochilus Swainsonii, Less.

Calothorax enicurus, Bonap.

Habitat. Guatemala.

«< On no occasion,” says Mr. Salvin, “ were the males of this species
observed about Duefias during the months of February and March ;
indeed it was not until the month of May that both males and females
were seen together, at which time the Nopal of the cochineal planta-
tions being in full flower, great numbers of Humming-Birds, espe-
cially of this species, were in the habit of feeding from the blossoms
of that cactus. The females during the winter months are common
enough, and frequent the same places, and feed principally on the
same trees as the Cyanomyia cyanocephala.”’—Ibis, vol.i. p. 129.

“‘ Occasionally, when flying, the elongated tail-feathers are stretched
to a considerable angle.” —Jdvs, vol. ii. p. 40.

Speaking of three nests of this species Mr. Salvin says :-—* One of
these was in a coffee-tree, and had two eggs. . The other was most
curiously placed in the cup-shaped top of a fruit of the Nopal (Cactus
cochinellifer), the fastenings being dexterously wound round the
clustering prickles, and thus retaining the whole structure most firmly
in its place. This nest was remarkably shaliow ; so much so that,
if it had not contained its two eggs, I should have pronounced. it far
from complete. It may be that, being based on a firm foundation
(one not nearly so liable to oscillation by the wind) the bird had
found that a greater depth was not necessary to keep the eggs from
falling out. Had she placed her nest on a slender twig, as seems to

H2

96

be usual, the case might have been different. The third nest had
young. It was placed in the upper shoots of a Dahlia at the fur-
ther end of the court-yard. The hen seemed to have the entire duty
of rearing the young ; for I never once saw the male near the place ;
in fact, I never saw a male inside the court-yard. When sitting she
would sometimes allow me to go close to her, and even hold the
branch still when it was swaying to and fro by the wind, without
evincing the slightest alarm. But it was only when a hot sun was
shining that she would allow me to do this ; when it was dull or rain-
ing four or five yards was the nearest I could approach. Frequently
when I had disturbed her, I would sit down close at hand and wait
for her return, and I always noticed that, after flying past once or
twice overhead, she would bring a small piece of lichen, which, after
she had settled herself comfortably in her nest, she would attach to
the outside. All this was done with such a confident and fearless
air, that she seemed to intimate, ‘I left my nest purely to seek for
this piece of lichen, and not because I was afraid of you.” When
sitting upon her nest, the whole cavity was quite filled by her puffed-
out feathers, the wings, with the exception of their tips, being en-
tirely concealed by the feathers of the back. When the young were
first hatched, they looked little, black, shapeless things, with long
necks and hardly any beak. They soon, however, grew, and entirely
filled the nest. I never saw the old bird sitting after the young had
emerged from the eggs: she seemed to leave them alike in sun and
rain. When feeding them she would stand upon the edge of the
nest with her body very upright. The first of these young ones
flew on October 15. It was standing on the side of the nest as I
happened to approach, when it immediately flew off, but fell among
the flowers below. I placed it in the nest, but a moment after it was
off again, nothing daunted by its first failure—this second time with
better success, for it flew over a wall close by and settled on a tree
on the other side. In the evening I saw the old one feeding it, and
went up to the tree; but it started off with increased vigour to an
orange-tree, and tried at first to rest on one of the fruit, but failing,
found a more appropriate perch on the edge of a leaf. I never saw
it afterwards. The other young one flew two days later.

“The seeds of the willow and bulrush are favourite materials for
the interior structure of the nest, while lichen is freely used outside.”’
—Ibis, vol. ii. p. 264.

Genus TrypHana, Gould.
(Tpvgarva, nom. prop.)
Generic characters.

- Male.—Bill as long as the head, and straight ; wengs very small ;
primaries narrow ; tail deeply forked, the outer feather narrow,
tapering at the tip and incurved ; feet small, claws short and hooked ;
gorget richly coloured but not luminous ; tail ornamented.

Female.—Unadorned ; tail extremely short.
The single species of this genus stands quite alone in the great

oF

family of Humming-Birds. The peculiar and beautiful markings of
its tail are most remarkable ; the colouring of the throat-mark is
equally distinct. It must be remembered that these features are con-
fined to the male, the female being very plainly attired, and having
a very diminutive tail. Guatemala may well be proud of this sin-
gular bird, rich as her fauna really is.

177. Trypumna DUPONTI. ..- «+ - Vol. IIL. Pl. CLVIII.

Ornismya Duponti, Less., Jard.
Zémes, Less.
celestis, Less.

Mellisuga Duponti, Gray & Mitch.

— Duponti, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. i. p. 131.
pl. 26.

*Cynanthus Duponti, Tb. vol.ii. p. 145.

*Trochilus lepidus, Licht. in Mus. Berol.

*Tilmatura lepida, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 8; Ib. Troch. Enum.
p. 5. pl. 711. figs. 4610, 4611.

*Thaumastura Duponti, Bonap. in Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,
p- 297.

me Duponti, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 55,
note.

Habitat. Guatemala.

“San Gerdnimo, December 10. Don Vicente Constancia assures
me that this species is found near the city of Guatemala; otherwise
this is the only locality I have been able to discover, as yet, where it
occurs.

« Following the course of the river of San Gerdnimo up its bed to
about half a league from the village, you come upon a small patch
of forest with here and there open spots covered with Salve. Here
it was that this bird was shot by a boy, who told me there were
plenty ; however on visiting the place soon after, I was not suceess-
ful in obtaining more specimens, nor was I fortunate enough to see
one.” —Salvin in Ibis, vol. ii. p. 266. .

Genus CaLuipHiox, Boié.

Perhaps the very commonest of the frill-necked Humming-Birds
is the C. amethystina. It is more widely spread than many other spe-
cies, since it inhabits all the countries from Brazil to Venezuela.

In this genus I have also placed the C. Mitchelli ; but I have some
doubt as to the propriety of so doing. The throats of the two birds,
although beautifully coloured, are not luminous.

178. CALLIPHLOX AMETHYSTINA - + * Vol: TIT. Pi. CLIX.

Trochilus amethystinus, Gmel., Lath., Vieill., P. Max. zu Wied,

Shaw, Jard.
Ornismya amethystina, Less.
orthura, Less. ?

ore gepitennenugneinntresrat er

98

Meilisuga amethystina, Steph., Gray & Mitch.

Trochilus campestris, Pr. Max. zu Wied.

Tryphena amethystinus, Bonap.

— amethystina, Bonap.

Calliphlox amethystina, Reichenb.

Amethystine Humming- Bird, Lath., Shaw.

Tryphena amethystina, Gould.
*Trochilus brevicaudus, Spix, Av. Bras. tom. i. p- 79. tab.
# — orthurus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p. 60.

ple Bt

*Cynanthus amethystinus, Ib. vol. ii. p. 143.
4 * orthura, Ib. vol. ii. p. 143. ?

Habitat. Brazil, Demerara, Cayenne, and Trinidad.

Whether the Ornismya orthura of Lesson be a species or an old
female of C. amethystina requires further investigation. Wherever
the O. amethystina is found in Brazil, Trinidad, or Demerara, the
O. orthura is found in its company—a fact which militates against its
being a distinct species.

179. CALLIPHLOX AMETHYSTOIDES, Less.

Ornismya Amethystoides, Less.
Mellisuga Amethystoides, Gray & Mitch.
*Trochilus amethystoides, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii.
p. 62.
*Cynanthus amethystoides, Ib. vol. ii. p. 143.
*Calliphlox amethystoides, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. p. 84.

Habitat. Minas Geraes in Brazil.

In my account of C. Amethystina I have regarded this species as
identical with that bird; but M. Bourcier is still of opinion that it
is distinct; and as I find that it is of smaller size, and the tint of
the gorget is somewhat different, I defer to his opinion. It will not,
however, be necessary to give a separate figure of it. Specimens from
Minas Geraes are certainly more diminutive than from elsewhere.

180. Cauurpntox? Mircuennr . . . . Vol. III. pl. CLX.

Trochilus Mitchelli, Bourc.
Mellisuga Mitchelli, Gray & Mitch.
Calothorax Mitchelli, Reichenb.
Tryphena mitchelli, Bonap.

Habitat. Southern parts of New Grenada and Ecuador.

I have now gone through the species of Humming-Birds distin-
guished for their diminutive size, the delicacy of their structure, and
for their luminous gorgets. It is true that many other groups have
their throats similarly adorned, such as the members of the g nera
Oreotrochilus, Heliangelus, &c. ; but these birds are all of large size
and of very different form, and as we proceed I think it will be seen
that they are better placed hereafter. . I proceed next, then, with the
racquet-tailed species—the Spathure, &c. I admit that there

85

is nu direct alliance between these and the former, but it wiil be re-
collected that I have stated that the Humming-Birds cannot be ar-
ranged in anything like a series of affinities. Here, then, we com-
mence with a very different group ; remarkable for the peculiar
character of the tail in most of its members. Among these I place
in the foremost rank the extraordinary bird bearing the specific name
mirabilis. As any description, however accurate, must fail to give a
correct idea of this singular species, I must refer my readers to the
Plate, upon which it is correctly depicted.

Genus LoppicxEsia, Gould.
(Loddiges, nom. prop.)
Male.—Bill straight and longer than the head ; wings diminutive ;
primaries rounded at the tip ; outer tail-feather on each side very

much prolonged, and terminating in a large spatule.
Female.—Unknown.

181. Loppi1gEsiA mrraBitis, Gould . . Vol. Ill. Pl. CLXI.

Trochilus mirabilus, Lodd. MS., Boure.
Loddigesiornis mirabilis, Bonap.

Habitat. Chachapoyas in Peru.

The racquet-tailed birds I have figured under the generic name of
Spathura are spread over the temperate regions of the great Andean
range of mountains from the northern parts of New Granada to
Bolivia. Much confusion prevails with respect to the generic ap-
pellation of these birds. The case stands thus: in 1846 I proposed
the term Ocreatus for the rufocaligatus, and in 1850 substituted.
that of Spathura; while in 1849 Dr. Reichenbach employed that
of Steganurus, which he changed in 1853 to Steganura. In the
body of this work all the species are arranged under my own generic
name, which I hope may be allowed to stand.

Genus Sparuura, Gould.
(Sra6n, spatha, et obpd, cauda.)

Generic characters.
Male.—Bill straight and rather longer than the head ; wings mo-
“derately long and somewhat rounded ; ¢ai/ deeply forked ; the outer
tail-feather on each side terminating in aspatule; feet small; tarsi
thickly clothed ; hind toe and nail shorter than the middle toe and
nail; ¢hroat luminous.
Female.—Unadorned and destitute of spatules.

182. SparHurA UNDERWOODI - + «+ » Vol. IL[. Pl. CLXIT.

Ornismya Underwoodi, Less.
Trochilus Underwoodi, Jard.
Trochilus ventilabrum, Lath.
Mellisuga Underwoodi, Gray & Mitch.

100

*Ornismya Kieneri, Less. Les Troch. p. 165, pl. 65, female.
*Cynanthus Underwoodi, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii.
. 144.
stot Kienerii, Ib. p. 146.
*Steganura_ spatuligera, Reich. Aufz. der Col. pp. 8 & 24; Id.
Troch. Enum. p. 5. pl. 708. figs. 4598-600.
*________. Underwoodi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p- 66.
*Steganura remigera, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. pp. 8, 24; Id.
Troch. Enum. p. 5, pl. 708, figs. 4601-2.
*Steganurus remigera, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 67.
Habitat. The neighbourhood of Bogota, on the Andes, and the
hilly portion of eastern Venezuela.
In his ‘ Trochilinarum Enumeratio’ Dr. Reichenbach has figured
a white-booted Racquet-tail under the name of Steganura remigera,
which, after a careful examination of the type specimen, I have no

doubt is identical with this species, I have therefore placed that name
among its synonyms.

183. SPATHURA MELANANTHERA, Jard.. Vol. III. Pl. CLXIII.

Trochilus (Spathura) melananthera, Jard.
Steganura melananthera, Reichenb.
Discura melananthera, Bonap.

Habitat. Ecuador.

Mr. Fraser, who procured specimens of S. melananthera at Pal-
latanga and Nanegal in Ecuador, states that its feet are “ white.”

184, Sparnursa Peruana, Gould . . . Vol. III. Pl. CLXIV.
Habitat. Moyobamba in Peru.

185. SPATHURA RUFOCALIGATA, Gould . Vol. III. Pl. CLXV.

Trochilus (Ocreatus) rufocaligatus, Gould.
Adde, Boure.
Mellisuga rufocaligata, Gray & Mitch.

Habitat. La Paz in Bolivia.

The Trochilus Adde of M. Bourcier is considered to be identical
either with the S. Peruana or the present bird ; in all probability it
was applied to the latter ; and if this should prove to be the case, the
term ddde, having been proposed prior to that of rufocaligata, should
be adopted for this species.

186. SparHura cisstura, Gould . . . Vol. III. Pl. CLXVI.
Habitat. Peru. ;
Perhaps the next in affinity, although not directly allied, are the

members of the genus Lesbia, which are equally confined to the

Andes, and fly at the same elevation as the Spathure. Like those
birds, they are distributed along that great chain of mountains

101

throughout many degrees of latitude on each side of the equator.
They may be regarded as among the most elegant of the Trochilidee.
Their long and deeply cleft tails would seem to indicate that they
possess very great powers of aérial progression,—a remark which
equally applies to the members of the genera Cynanthus and Cometes.

Genus Less1a, Less.

187. Lesp1a Goutrpt . . . . «~~ «Voi. III. Pl. CLXVII.
Trochilus Gouldii, Lodd.
Ornismya sylphia, Less.
Mellisuga Gouldii, Gray & Mitch.
Cynanthus gouidi, Bonap.
Lesbia Gouldii, Reichenb.
Agaclyta Gouldi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil i. p. 70.
Habitat. The high lands of New Granada, particularly the neigh-
bourhood of Bogota.

188. Lespia Graciuis, Gould. . . . Vol. IID. Pl. CLXVIII.
Trochilus (Lesbia) gracilis, Gould.
Mellisuga gracilis, Gray & Mitch.
Cynanthus gracilis, Bonap.
Lesbia gracilis, Reichenb. |

Habitat. Ecuador.

oO. “neers NUNA si .o>.s a 4 «he VOL, Lid El, Gale
Ornismya Nuna, Less. ?
Habitat. Peru.

Refer to my remarks respecting this bird in the letter-press accom-
panying the Plate.

190. Lespra AMARYLLIS . . . . Sah cs Wp A Wee id Bal 6 B.

Trochilus Amaryllis, Boure. et Muls., Gray & Mitch.
Cynanthus amaryllis, Bonap.
*Trochilus Victorie, Bourc. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 315, pl. 4.
* Mellisuga Victoria, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 103,
Mellisuga, sp. 94.
*Cynanthus Victorie, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 81.
Cynanthus, sp. 6.
*Lesbia Victorie, Reich. Aufz. der Col. p. 8; Id. Troch. Enum,
p. 5, pl. 715. figs. 4622-23. - ;
* Psalidoprymna Victoriae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iti. p. 52.

Habitat. New Granada, Ecuador, and Peru.

Dark or nearly black varieties not unfrequently occur among the
Trochilidee ; and I think that the bird to which M. Bourcier has
given the name of Vietori@ is merely such a variety of the L. Ama-
ryllis. ?

192. Dessia prodanis-> eo. Mo soo. 1: PLACA

Trochilus eucharis, Boure.
Lesbia eucharis, Reichenb.
Cynanthus eucharis, Bonap.
“*Lesbia bifurcata, Reich. Troch. Enum. pl. 716. figs. 4624-25.

Habitat. New Granada.

Considerable, and I fear inextricable, confusion exists with regard
to the genera Lesbia and Cynanthus, which would appear to be due
to the various authors who have used those terms taking their cha-
racters from defective descriptions or imperfect drawings, instead of
actual specimens. This confusion I have endeavoured to rectify
by applying the terms to the birds which I believe their respective
proposers actually intended, and I do hope that, for the sake of
science, they will be allowed so to stand for the future.

Leaving the genus Lesdia, then, we proceed to that of Cynanthus,
. and here we arrive at some of the most remarkable and the most
beautiful of the Trochilidee. Strictly confined to the great Andean
mountains and the spurs which jut out as far as eastern Venezuela,
these blue-tailed birds enjoy a range of habitat extending from the
lands washed by the Caribbean Sea to Peru.

Those inhabiting the neighbourhood of Bogota appear to be
divided into two or three local varieties or races ; for they are not, in
my opinion, sufficiently different to warrant us in regarding them as

species. Onthe other hand, the Ecuadorian bird possesses characters
which induced me to consider it distinct.

The variation observable among the Bogotan birds is principally
in the colouring of the tail—some having the whole of the feathers
blue, while others have the eight central ones tipped with beautiful
green.

Genus Cynantuus, Swains.

192. CynanTHUS CyANURUS . . .. .. Vol. III. Pl. CLXXII.

Trochilus cyanurus, Steph.
Ornismya Kingii, Less.
*Lesbia forficatus, Reich. Aufz. der Col. p. 8; Id. Troch. Enum.
p- 5, pl. 718. figs. 4628-29.
Lesbia Gorgo, Reich. Aufz. der Col. pp. 8, 24; Id. Troch. Enum.
p.5; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 71.

Habitat. New Granada.

A somewhat smaller and more delicate bird than the Cynanthus
cyanurus occurs in Venezuela, having the whole of the body green,
with the exception of a patch of blue on the throat; and the crown
brilliant metallic green, without the superciliary stripe of black seen
in that species: I refrain, however, for the present ‘from character-
izing it as distinct.

193. Cynanruus Ca@Lestis, Gould.
Habitat. Ecuador.

103

This new Humming-Bird is considerably larger than the C. eyanu-
rus; it also presents a marked difference in the colouring of the
under surface,.which is uniform coppery brown, instead of green ; in
other respects the colouring is very similar to the specimens from
Bogota, with green and blue tails. Inno instance have I seen a spe-
cimen from Ecuador with an entirely blue tail, whereas they frequently
occur among those sent. from Bogota.

194. Cynantuus Mocoa.
Cynanthus smaragdicaudus, Gould. . Vol, IL. Pl. CLXXIII.

-Trochilus Mocoa, Delatt. et Bourc.
(Lesbia) smaragdinus, Gould.
Mellisuga smaragdinis, Gray & Mitch.
Cynanthus mocoa, Bonap-

_ Habitat. Peru and Bolivia.

Specimens of this species, like those of the C. eyanurus, are found |”
to differ considerably ; but as it is a bird of comparative rarity, we \ \
have seen too few examples to come to any positive conclusion as to
whether these are referable to one or two species. The Mocoa may
be regarded as the southern representative of the C. cyanurus. It
frequents the forests of Bolivia and Peru, particularly those clothing
the eastern slopes of the great Andean range.

As the Lesbie naturally led-us on to the Cynanthi, so do the
latter in their broad tail-feathers offer an alliance to the Comete ;
and, however much I have extolled the beauty of any of the prece-
ding genera, it is scarcely possible to select terms sufficiently ex-
pressive to convey an idea of the loveliness of the birds comprised in
this latter genus. The two birds generally known under the names
of Sappho and Phaon are par excellence the most gorgeous birds
in existence so far as regards the colouring of their tails; and well
do these living meteors deserve the more general name of Comets.

Genus Cometes, Gould.
(Koparys, cometa.)

Generic characters.

Male.—Bill longer than the head, straight or slightly arched ;
wings moderate ; tail long and deeply forked, the feathers broad and
luminous ; farsi naked; feet small; hind toe and nail nearly as long
as the middle toe and nail ; throat luminous.

Female.—Swmaller in size and nearly destitute of fine colouring.

195. CoMETES SPARGANURUS . - - .~ Vol. III. Pl. CLXXIV.

Trochilus sparganurus, Shaw, Steph., Jard.
chrysurus, Cuv.

—_—— _radiosus, Temm.

Ornismya Sappho, Less.

Cometes Sappho, Gould.

sparganurus, Bonap..
Mellisuga sparganura, Gray & Mitch.

104

Orthorhynchus chrysurus, D’ Orb. et Lafres.
Trochilus chrysochloris, Vieill.
*Cynanthus sparganurus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii.

*Troohilus (Oynanthus) chrysurus, Tsch. Consp. p. 36, sp. 200 ;
Id. Faun. Per. p. 244.

* Orthorhynchus chrysurus, D’Orb. et Lafres. Syn. p. 26.

* Sappho sparganura, Reich. Aufz. der Col. p. 9; Id. Troch. Enum.
p- 5, pl. 724. figs. 4651-52.

*Lesbia sparganura, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 252.

*Sparganura Sappho, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 52.

Habitat. Bolivia. '

186; Conuane Puiaom; Could. see ee ee Cae

Mellisuga phaon, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 113,
Mellisuga, sp. 47.
Cometes phaon, Bonap.
* Sappho phaon, Reich. Aufz. der Col. p. 9 ; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 5,
pl. 725. figs. 4653-54.
*Lesbia phaon, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 252.
*Sparganurus Phaon, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil in. p. 52, note.

Habitat. Peru.

197. Cometes? Guyvcerta . . . . Vol. III. Pl. CLXXVI.

Cometes Mossai, Gould.
Lesbia glyceria, Bonap.

*Sparganura Mossat, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 52, note.
Habitat. Popayan in New Granada.

This is perhaps the most extraordinary bird I have had the good
fortune to describe. I have placed it in the genus Cometes with a
reservation ; for it comprises characters which are found both in
Lesbia and Cometes: in form it most nearly approaches the latter,
while in its markings and in the colouring of its throat it resembles
the former. At present only a single example has been obtained,
and this, I am inclined to think, is not quite adult ; it may possibly
be only a young male of a splendidly coloured but unknown species ;
and if so, a fine bird remains in store to reward the researches of some
future explorer.

198. Cometres? Carotr . . . . .. Vol. Hl. Pl. CLXXVII.

Trochilus Caroli, Bourc.

Hylocharis Caroli, Gray & Mitch., Bonap.
Calliphlox Caroli, Reichenb.

Avocettinus carolus, Bonap.

Habitat. Peru.
Of this remarkable bird about four specimens have been in our

collections for many years ; but whether they are males or females is
unknown; for in fact nothing has been recorded respecting these

105

puzzling birds. If the description accompanying my plate of the
species be referred to, it will be seen that it has been bandied about
from one genus to another, different authors having assigned. it to
Trochilus, Hylocharis, Calliphlow, and Avocettinus! Some day,
when the little-known country of Peru has been more fully investi-
gated, we shall doubtless acquire a better knowledge of it, and be
able to decide to which genus it really pertains: for the present let
it remain in the one in which I have placed it.

Genus PreROPHANES, Gould.
(IIrepor, ala, et daiva, ostendo. )

Generic characters.
Male.—Bill cylindrical, longer than the head, and slightly up-
curved ; wings very large and sickle-shaped ; ¢ai/ broad and large ;
tarsi clothed; feet small; hind toe shorter than the middle one ;
claws long, slightly curved, and sharp at the point.
Female.—Unadorned.

199. Pruropuanes Temmincxi . . Vol. ITI. Pl. CLXXVIIT.

Ornismya Temmincki, Boiss.
‘Trochilus cyanopterus, Lodd. MS.
Mellisuga Temmincki, Gray & Mitch. —
*«Pterophanes Temmincki, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col.p.14; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 11; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 80.

Habitat. New Granada and Ecuador.

The Pterophanes Temmincki must rank with the Patagona gigas
among the very largest of the Humming-Birds ; the two species are
nearly equal in size, but in their structure and the colouring of their
plumage they are very different. The native country of the P. Tem-
mincki is the temperate portion of the Andes, over which it ranges
for a considerable distance from Bogota, the probable centre of its
area. I have also seen specimens from Ecuador, where it appears to
be scarce. This fine bird is rendered a very striking species by the
beautiful blue colouring of its wings.

Genus Acuamactis, Gould.
(‘Aydaia, splendor, et dkris, radius solaris. )

Generic characters. :

Moale.—Bill rather short, depressed at the base, and straight ;
wings long and powerful ; primaries, particularly the outer one,
sickle-shaped ; tail moderately large, and slightly forked when closed ;
tarsi partially clothed ; feet strong and powerful ; hind toe and nail
longer than the middle toe and nail; dreast ornamented with a tuft
of lengthened plumes ; back luminous when viewed from behind.

The birds for which I instituted the above genus have always
greatly interested me. They are of large size, have very ample wings,
and are distinguished from all other Humming-Birds by their lumi-

106

nous backs, of which the rich and glittering hues are only percept-
ible when viewed from behind, or reversely to the direction of the
feathers ; contrary to the law which regulates the disposition of the
colouring in all the other genera except in Ceeligena, where it is
slightly apparent. All the species are natives of the Andes, over
which they roam from the northern part of New Granada to Bolivia.
The latter country is the cradle of the Agleactis Castelnaudi and
the richly coloured 4. Pamela. These extraordinary birds, to which
I have given the trivial name of Sunbeams, are among the most won-
derful of the Trochilide.

200. AGLHZACTIS CUPRIPENNIS . . . Vol. III. Pl. CLXXIX.

Trochilus cupripennis, Bourc. et Muls.
Mellisuga cupripennis, Gray & Mitch.
Agleactis cupripennis, Bonap.
cupreipennis, Bonap.
Helianthea cupripennis, Reichenb.
*Aglaiactis cupripennis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 69.

Habitat. New Granada.

Professor Jameson and Mr. Fraser state that ‘“ The females of this
species have the glittering back, but not so brilliant as in the males.”
—Ibis, vol. i. p. 400.

201. Acumactis AAQUATORIALIS.

Aglaiactis equatorialis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iti. p. 70,
note.

Habitat. Ecuador.

This bird is considered distinct from H. cupripennis by Dr. Cabanis ;
but the only difference I can perceive between this and Bogota speci-
mens is in its larger size and longer wing ; but if this be admitted as
a species, I must further increase the list by calling another parvula,
of which I have two specimens shot by M. Warszewicz in Peru or
Bolivia, for the precise locality is unknown to me. ©

202. AGL@HACTIS PARVULA, Gould.
Habitat. Peru, or Bolivia.

This bird has a much shorter bill, is of a deeper red on the under
surface, more red in the tail, and altogether of much smaller size.
Total length 4} inches ; bill 41; wing 3; tail 13.
203. AGLHACTIS CAUMATONOTA, Gould.
Agleactis caumatonotus, Gould in Proc. Zool. Soc. part xvi. 1848,
pee.

Habitat. Peru, or Bolivia.

Described by me as above from a single specimen said to have
been procured in Peru, which differs from the preceding in being of

107

smaller size and in the darker hue of the luminous portion of the
back.

204. AcL@HactTis CASTELNAUDI

Trochilus Castelnaudii, Bourc. et Muls.
Castelnaui, Gray & Mitch.

Aglaeactis castelnaudi, Bonap. ,

Agleactis castelneaui, Bonap.
* Aglaeactis Castelnaudi, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 9.
*Helianthea Castelnaudi, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 739.

fies. 4694-95.

* AglaiactisCastelnaui, Cab .et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 69, note.
*Ornismya Castelnandii, Dev. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1852, p. 216.

Habitat. The mountains near Cusco in Peru.

M. Deville says “this bird, which is very rare, confines itself to the
blossoms of a species of mimowa, the odours of which attract the small
insects which form its food. Its cry is very piercing ; its flight very
rapid and noisy. This species, which is quite new, was killed by
myself in the valley of Echaraté, near Cusco.”

205. AGLHACTIS PAMELA . Vol. IJ. Pl. CLXXXI.

Orthorhynchus Pamela, D’Orb. et Lafres.
Hylocharis Pamela, Gray & Mitch.
Aglectis pamela, Bonap.
Helianthea Pamela, Reichenb.
* Aglaiactis Pamelae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 69.

Habitat. Bolivia.

Distinct from every other genus are the two species of Oxypogon.
These bearded birds ‘stand quite alone among the Trochilide ; and
although not remarkable for brilliancy of colour, their fantastic mark-
ings, towering crests, and lengthened beards render them very con-
spicuous objects. I shall not be surprised if other species of this
form be discovered when the higher peaks of the great Andean range
of mountains have been more closely examined.

For a long time the Oxypogon Guerini was the only species known ;
but inthe year 1842 the intrepid traveller Mons. J. Linden ascended
the high mountains of the Sierra Nevada de Merida, and was re-
warded by the discovery of the second species, which bears his name.

Vol. III. Pl. CLXXX.

Genus OxyroGon, Gould.
(‘Ofds, acutus, et maywr, barba.)
Generic characters. é
Male.—Bill shorter than the head, feeble, and straight ; face
both above and below ornamented with lengthened plumes, the former
erect, the latter pendent ; wings rather long ; fail large and forked
when closed ; tarsi bare; feet large and strong ; hind toe and nail

longer than the middle toe and nail.
Female.—Smaller, and destitute of the ornamental face-plumes.

206. Oxypocon Guerinr . . . ~ Vol. IL. Pl. CLXXXII.
Ornismia Guerinii, Boiss.
Trochilus parvirostris, Fras.
Ornismya Guerinii, Lodd.
Mellisuga Guerinii, Gray & Mitch.
*Oxypogon Guerint, Reich. Aufz. der Col. p. 12; Id. Troch. Enum.
p- 10; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 67.

Habitat. New Granada; plentiful around Bogota.

207. Oxyrpocon Linpent . . . . Vol. III. Pl. CLXXXIII.

Ornysma Lindenii, Parz.
Mellisuga Lindenti, Gray & Mitch.
*Oxypogon Lindeni, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 12; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 10; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Heim. Theil iii. p. 67, note.

Habitat. The Sierra Nevada de Merida in New Granada.

“This bird,” says M. Linden, “inhabits the regions immediately
beneath the line of perpetual congelation, and never at a less eleva-
tion than 9000 feet.” It might be thought that such bleak and
inclement situations were ill-adapted for so delicate a structure as
that of the Humming-Bird ; but there, and there only, does it dwell,
while the equally lofty Paramos of Bogota are the native locality of
the allied species O. Guerini. The minute insects which frequent
the alpine flora of these districts afford abundance of food to these
birds ; and beautifully constructed are their little bills for searching
among the flowers in which they are found.

Near the members of the genus Ozypogon are the various species
of Ramphomicron, another bearded group, but differing in the total
absence of any lengthened plumes on the crown, and in the structure
and colour of the pendent chin feathers. It will only be necessary
to glance at the plates on which these species are depicted to per-
ceive that, though they bear a general resemblance to the Oxypogons,
they are generically distinct from them. Their short and feeble bills
indicate that they feed on a similar kind of insect food; and we
know that such flowers as those of Sida and other plants with open
corollas are frequently visited for the insects which abound therein.

It is said that the members of this genus fly with great rapidity,
and that like flashes of light they are constantly dashing about the hill-
sides from one flower to another. It must be extremely interesting
to watch the aérial movements of these comparatively large birds
among the lofty regions they frequent, and where the air is so pure
and rarified. In all the hilly countries, from the Caribbean Sea
southward to Bolivia, are the members of this genus to be obtained ;
in the neighborhood of Bogota one of them is very common: this
bird (the R. heteropogon) extends its range from thence to about the
latitude of Popayan, while the little microrhyncha is equally abundant
in New Granada and Ecuador. At Quito, or around those towering
mountains immediately under the equator, we find the Stanleyi
and Herrani; while Bolivia gives us the Vulcani and the rujiceps.

109

Genus RampHomicron, Bonap.
908. RAMPHOMICRON HETEROPOGON . Vol. III. Pl. CLX XXIV.

Ornismya heteropogon, Boiss,
Trochilus coruscus, Fras.
Mellisuga heteropogon, Gray & Mitch.
Ramphomicron heteropogon, Bonap.
*Lampropogon heteropogon, Bonap. Rev. & Mag. de Zool. 1854,
. 252.
* Ohaleostigna heteropogon, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 12.
* Ramphomicron heteropogon, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 10 ; Cab.
et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iti. p. 67.

Habitat. New Granada.

I possess two very marked varieties or races of this bird, one being |
much smaller than the other: the large race, I believe, is from Pam- |

plona, and the smaller from the neighbourhood of Bogota.

209. Rampnomicron Stanteyi . . Vol. III. Pl. CLXXXV.

Trochilus Stanleyi, Boure. et Muls.
*Chalcostigma Stanleyi, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 12 ; Id. Troch.

Enum. p. 10.
Habitat. Ecuador.
210. RAMPHOMICRON VULCAN], Gould Vol. Il. Pl. CLXXXVI.

*Chalcostigma Vulcani, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. pl. 12.
*Ramphomicron Vulcani, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 10.

Habitat. Bolivia.
211. Rampnomicron Herrant. . Vol. Ill. Pl. CLXXXVII.

Trochilus Herrani, De Latt. & Boure.
Calothorax herrani, Bonap.
*Chalcostigma Herrani, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 12; Id. Troch.

Enum. p. 10.
*Lampropogon herrani, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 253.
Habitat. Ecuador. .
212. RaMPHOMICRON RUFICEPS,Gould. Vol. III. Pl. CLXXXVHI.

Trochilus (—-— °) ruficeps, Gould.
Mellisuga ruficeps, Gray & Mitch.
Ramphomicron ruficeps, Bonap.
* Ramphomicron ruficeps, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 12; Id. Troch.

Enum. p. 10.
* Lampropogon ruficeps; Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 253.

Habitat. Bolivia.
213. RAMPHOMICRON MICRORHYNCHUS, Vol. III. Pl. CLXXXIX.

Ornismya microrhyncha, Boiss.
Trochilus brachyrhynchus, Fras.

110

Mellisuga microrhyncha, Gray & Mitch.
Ramphomicron microrhyncha, Bonap. .
*Rhamphomicron microrhynchum, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 12;
Id. Troch. Enum. p. 10, pl. 718. figs. 4915-18,
*Rhamphomicrus microrhynchus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii.
- {Us
* Trochilus euanthes, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.

Habitat. The Andes from the equator to seven degrees north.

I must now ask those who take an interest in the various forms
of this family of birds to turn to my plate of Urosticte Benjamini,
and examine the little bird figured thereon with a beautiful gorget
of green and purple. This species is rendered very singular by the
two tufts of white feathers which spring from behind the eye, and
still more so by the white tipping of the four central tail-feathers.
Ornithologists will view this character with astonishment, and in-
wardly ask, Is this particular mark given for a special purpose in
connexion with the economy of the bird, or-for the mere purpose
of ornament? That ornament and variety is the sole object, I have
myself but little doubt. OF this recently acquired form, the single
species to which I have assigned the generic name of Urosticte is all
that is known. Like so many others that have preceded it, this is
an Andean species, its native country being Ecuador.

Genus UrosticTs, Gould.
(Ovpad, cauda, et orrds, notatus.)

Generic characters.

Male.— Bill much longer than the head, and straight ; head round,
the feathers not advancing on the bill; wings moderately long and
rather pointed ; ¢azl slightly forked ; tarsi clothed ; hind toe shorter
than the middle toe; throat luminous.

Female.—Unadorned. © —

214. Urosticre BENJAMINI « . . « «+ Vol. HI. Pl. CX€.

Trochilus Benjamini, Boure.

*Urosticta Benjamini, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13.

*Bastlinna Benjamini, Reich. Troch. Enum. p. 11.

*Urosticte benjaminus, Bonap, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 253.
Habitat. Ecuador.

' Tt will have been observed that each of the foregoing groups is
characterized by certain peculiarities, and that one feature is more
prominent than the others in each of the different forms; in some
the back, and back only, is lit up with luminous colours ; in others,
the throat is the only part thus adorned; in another (the Ptero-
phanes) the wings alone are lustrous. The group which stands
next on my list of genera and species have their share of ornament
disposed on their broad and ample tails. In nearly every species this

{11

organ is illumined with brilliantly shining colours—some blue, others
purple, and others, again, bronze ; in some these glittering hues appear
on both the upper and under surface, while in others it is either con-

fined to or is most brilliant on the latter. These colours, I am sure, ;

the bird has the power of displaying to the greatest advantage, in
order to render himself as attractive as may be when desirous of
pleasing the female, perhaps, like the Peacock, for the purpose of his

own vain glory. These varied beauties serve to increase our admira-

tion of nature’s works. At least such is the feeling they create in |

my own breast.

Genus Merautuura, Gould.
(Méraddov, metallum, et ovpa, cauda.)

Generic characters.

Male.—Bill straight and of moderate length ; wings moderate ;

tail rather large and rounded ; tars bare ; feet rather large ; hind
toe and nail as long or longer than the middle toe and nail;
throat and under surface of the tail luminous, like shining metal.

Female.—Much less brilliant than the male, and in most of the
species destitute of the luminous throat-mark.

All the members of this genus are tenants of the Andes, and by
far the greater portion of them of Bolivia and Peru; one species,
however (the M. tyrianthina), ranges over the whole of the tempe-
rate portions of New Granada. I now proceed to arrange the species
according to their affinities, commencing with the largest and most

gorgeously coloured.

215. MeraLtura cupreicaupa, Gould . Vol. III. Pl. CXCI.

Trochilus ( ?) cupricauda, Gould.
_ Mellisuga cupreo-cauda, Gray & Mitch.
Metallura cupreicaudus, Bonap.
—_. cupreicauda, Reichenb.
Agleactis cupreicauda, Bonap.
*Trochilus (Lampornis) opaca, “ Licht.” Tschudi, Consp. pp. 38,
210; Id. Faun. Peru. p. 248, 13.
*Metallura opaca, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iti. p. 69.

Habitat. Bolivia.

In the third part of his “Museum Heineanum,”’ Dr. Cabanis has
placed the specific name of opaca to this species as having the
priority ; if this should prove to be correct, my name of cupreicauda
must sink into a synonym.

216. 1 rene ce Gould. . Wel HAP CXCII,

Trochilus (—— °) eneocauda, Gould.

Mellisuga eneocauda, Gray & Mitch.

Metallura eneicaudus, Bonap.
eneicauda, Reichenb.

Agleactis eneicauda, Bonap.

112

*Urolampra aeneicauda, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil i. p. 68.
Habitat. Bolivia.

217. Merattura Witutramit . - - - Vol. III. Pl. CXCIII.

Trochilus Williami, Boure. et De Latt.
Mellisuga Williami, Gray & Mitch.
Metallura Williami, Bonap., Reichenb.
william, Bonap.
*Urolampra Williami, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil in. p. 68,
note.

Habitat. Popayan.

218. Merautura Primouit, Bonap. . . Vol. Il. Pl. CXCIV.

Metallura promolina, Boure., Reichenb.
primolinus, Bonap.

Urolampra primolina, Cab.

Habitat. Peru.

219, METALLURA TYRIANTHINA . . . Vol. ITT. Pl. CXCV.

Trochilus tyrianthinus, Lodd.
Ornismya Allardi, Boure.
Pauline, Boiss.
Trochilus Allardi, Jard.
Mellisuga tyrianthinus, Gray & Mitch.
Metallura tyrianthina, Reichenb.
tyrianthinus, Bonap.
*Urolampra tyrianthina, Cab. et Hein.Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 68.

Habitat. New Granada.

In my account of Metallura tyrianthina, 1 have given that bird
a very wide range of habitat, extending from the Gulf of Darien to
Ecuador; but having since had ample opportunities for examining
numerous specimens from every locality, I find that the birds from
Eucador are so much larger than those from Bogota that I cannot do
otherwise than regard them as distinct. In examples from the two
localities mentioned, there is a difference of more than half an inch
in the length of their wings, and fully an eighth in the length of
their bills; I observe also that the small birds from Bogota are
much more richly coloured than the larger ones from Ecuador ; the
throat is of a more beautiful green, the abdomen much darker, and
the reddish-purple of the tail more resplendent; believing the
Ecuadorian bird to be distinct, I have no alternative but to give it a
name, and I therefore propose for it that of Quitensis :—

220. Merattura Quitensis, Gould.
Habitat. Ecuador.

221. METALLURA sMARAGDINICoLLIS. . Vol. III. Pl. CXCVI.

Orthorhynchus smaragdinicollis, D’ Orb. et Lafres.
Mellisuga smaragdinicollis, Gray & Mitch.

LIS

Metallura smaragdinicollis, Bonap., Reichenb. gues
*Urolampra smaragdinicollis, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil m1.

p- 68, note.
Habitat. Peru and Bolivia.

Varied as have been the subjects hitherto referred to in the
present volume, and beautiful as is the colouring of many of the
species, the next genus is composed of birds which cannot boast of
any brilliancy of colourmg; on the contrary, they are clothed im
very sombre attire, and have nothing to recommend them to our
notice but chaste and delicate hues ; still in my opinion they are not
the less interesting.

Genus ApELomytA, Bonap. .
222, ADELOMYIA INORNATA, Gould. . Vol. III. Pl. OXcVil.

Trochilus ( ?) inornata, Gould.
Mellisuga inornata, Gray & Mitch.
Ramphomicron inornatus, Bonap.
Adelomyia inornata, Bonap.
Metallura inornata, Reichenb.
* Adelisca inornata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 72, note.

Habitat. Bolivia.
223. ADELOMYIA MELANOGENYS . .- Vol. U1. Pl. CXCVILL.

Trochilus melanogenys, Fras.
—_—___— Sabine, Boure. et Muls.
Mellisuga Sabine, Gray & Mitch.
melanogenys, Gray & Mitch.

Ramphomicron sabinae, Bonap.
melanogenys, Bonap.

Adelomyia sabina, Bonap.

Metallura Sabinae, Reich.
| * Adelisca melanogenys, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 72.

Habitat. New Granada, Ecuador, and Peru.

4

Precisely the same kind of difference occurs between examples of |

|
t

this form from Venezuela and Ecuador that has been described as

occurring with regard to the Metallura tyrianthina and M. Quitensis. |
| The Adelomyia of Ecuador and Peru is very considerably larger than
the A. melanogenys from Venezuela; it has more buff at the base of

the tail-feathers, and a much more conspicuously spotted throat and

breast ; for this Ecuadorian bird I therefore propose the name of
maculata :—

. 994 Apeiomyia macULsTA, Gould ., «Vol. EI. Pl CXCIX.
Habitat. Vcuador.
Avocettula and Avocettinus ave the generic terms applied to the

two species rendered remarkable by the points of the mandibles being
curved upwards in the shape of a hook: this extraordinary deviation

}
t
4

114

from the usual structure is doubtless designed for some especial pur-
pose; but what that may be, is at present unknown to us.

In placing these two species near to each other I do not mean to
convey an idea that they are very nearly allied. One isan inhabitant
of the Andes, the other of Guiana and the neighbouring countries.
Nothing whatever is known respecting these singular birds.

Genus AvoceTTINus, Bonap.

225. AVOCETTINUS EURYPTERUS . . . .. Vol. III. Pl. CC.

Trochilus eurypterus, Lodd.
Polytmus euryptera, Gray & Mitch.
Trochilus Georgine, Boure.
Polytmus Georgine, Gray & Mitch.
“Delattria georgina, Bonap.
Avocettinus eurypterus, Bonap.
Avocettula euryptera, Reichenb.
—————. Georginae, Reichenb.
*Opisthoprora euryptera, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ui. p. 76,
note.

Habitat. The high lands of New Granada.

Genus AvocetruLa, Reichenb.

226. AvocETTULA RECURVIROSTRIS . . . Vol. ITI. Pl. CCI.
Trochilus recurvirostris, Swains.
Mellisuga? recurvirostris, Steph.
Ornismya recurvirostris, Less.
avocetta, Less.
Campylopterus recurvirostris, Swains.
Hylocharis recurvirostris, Gray & Mitch,
Avocettinus recurvirostris, Bonap.
——-— lessoni, Bonap.
Avocettula recurvirostris, Bonap., Reich.
*Trochilus avocetta, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. i. p. 78,
ig
il recurvirostris, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii.
Heli
* Hylocharis avocetta, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 114,
Hylocharis, sp. 12.
* Streblorhamphus recurvirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii.

p- 76.
Habitat. The Guianas.

Genus ANTHOCEPHALA, Cab.

This generic term has been proposed by Dr. Cabanis for the bird
I have figured under the name of Adelomyia floriceps, which is at
present the only species of the form known ; for, although I have
ventured to place with it my <Adelomyia ? castaneiventris, | am

iG

unable to say, from the imperfect materials at my command, whether
it really belongs to the present or to some other genus.
227. ANTHOCEPHALA FLORICEPS.
Adelomyia floriceps, Gould . . . . . Vol. Il. Pl. CCI.
Trochilus ( 2) floriceps, Gould.
Adelomyia floriceps, Bonap.
Metallura floriceps, Reichenb.

* Anthocephala floriceps, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 72,
note.

Habitat. Columbia.
228. ANTHOCEPHALA? CASTANEIVENTRIS.
Adelomyia ? castaneiventris, Gould. . . Vol. III. Pl. CCIII.

Trochilus (——*) eastaneoventris, Gould.
Metallura castaneiventris, Reichenb.

Habitat. Chiriqui.

The fourth volume commences with a species which plays no
inconsiderable part as an article of trade; for it is the one, par
excellence, of which thousands are annually sent to Europe for the
purpose of contributing to the decorations of the drawing-rooms of
the wealthy, for the manufacture of artificial flowers, &c.; and well
suited is it for such purposes, its rich ruby and topaz-like colouring
rendering it one of the most conspicuous and beautiful objects
imaginable. The Chrysolampis moschitus (better known by its
trivial name of Ruby and Topaz Humming-Bird) enjoys a very wide
range, being found all over the eastern parts of Brazil, Cayenne,
Guiana, Venezuela, the high lands of Bogota and Trinidad.

The females of this form differ very widely from the males in the
colouring of their plumage ; and the young males undergo so many
changes between youth and maturity, that they must have puzzled
the most astute of ornithological investigators.

Genus CurysoLampis, Bove.

999. CurRYSOLAMPIS MoscHITUS . . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCIV.
Trochilus moschitus, Linn. et auct.
Mellisuga Brasiliensis, gutture topazino, Briss.
Ornismya moschita, Less.
Chrysolampis moschitus, Boié, Bonap.
Mellisuga moschita, Steph., Gray & Mitch.
Chrysolampis mosquitus, Bonap. Reichenb.
Trochilus pegasus, Gmel.

gujanensis, Gmel., Lath.

carbunculus, Gmel., Lath.

elatus, Gmel.

Mellisuga Cayanensis, ventre griseo, Briss.
Chrysolampis corbunculus, Reichenb.
Trochilus hypopheus, Shaw.

116

* Chrysolampis moschita, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 21.
* Chrysolampis Reichenbachi, Cab.et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii.p. 21.

Habitat. Guiana, Cayenne, Brazil, Venezuela, the Andes of New
Granada, and the islands of Trinidad and Tobago.

Dr. Cabanis is of opinion that the bird from New Granada
is distinct from that obtained in the other localities; but I must re-
ceive more decided evidence that such is the case than I at present
possess, before I can admit that there is any difference between the
Andean and Brazilian examples; for the present, therefore, I place
his name of C. Reichenbachi as a synonym of C. moschitus, which
I believe to be the only species yet known of the genus.

“This pretty little species,” says Mr. Kirk, “arrives in Tobago
at the end of January or about the lst of February. It begins to
build about the 10th, lays two pure white eggs, and sits fourteen
days. It feeds on ants as well as flowers. I detected 115 small
insects in the stomach of one I dissected. One of these birds
having attached its nest to the trunk of a logwood tree close to a
window of my residence, I had an opportunity of observing its
manners during incubation, and I can assert that, although I con-
fined the young by means of some coarse wire cloth, through
which the parent could feed them, for upwards of three weeks after
they were ready to leave the nest, and although she evinced the
greatest distress by her chirping note when flying around me, often
within three feet, I never but twice, from the laying until the period
I mention, saw a male near the nest; and whether they pair seems
to be disputed, as on both these occasions he was hotly pursued by
the female to a considerable distance with all the bickering violence
so peculiar to the tribe.”’—Hore Zoologice, by Sir W. Jardine,
Bart., in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xx. p. 373.

In proceeding next to the genus Orthorhynchus, composed of
birds ornamented with glittering green and blue crests, I do not
insist that they have any direct affinity with the last, nor are they
intimately allied to the members of the succeeding one: a more
isolated form, in fact, is not to be found among the Trochilide.
Only two species have been recorded by previous writers, but spe-
cimens of a third are contained both in the Loddigesian and my own
collections ; I allude to the bird here described under the name of
Orthorhynchus ornatus.

All the members of the

Genus ORTHORHYNCHUS, Cuw.,

are confined to the West India Islands, but our present knowledge
of them does not admit of my stating positively the extent of the
range of each species; this is a point which requires further in-
vestigation. The females differ from the males in being destitute
of the glittering crown.

930. ORTHORHYNCHUS CRIsTATUS . . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCV.
Trochilus cristatus, Linn. et auct.

117

Mellisuga cristata, Briss., Gray & Mitch.
Orthorhynchus cristatus, Bonap., Reichenb.
Ornismya cristata, Less.

Trochilus pileatus, Lath.

puniceus, Gmel.

* Orthorhynchus cristatus, Cab. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 61.
Habitat. Barbadoes, and St. Vincent.

The Rev. Lansdown Guilding states that this species “ sometimes
deviates from its usual habits. In general it is remarkably wild,
and soon disturbed. I once, however, saw a pair of this species
almost domesticated, in the house of a gentleman whose kindness
and humanity had brought round him many a lizard and winged
pet. They built for many years on the chain of the lamp suspended
over the dinner-table; and here they educated several broods, in a
room occupied hourly by the family. I have been seated with a
large party at the table when the parent bird has entered, and,
passing along the faces of the visitors, displaying his glorious crest,
has ascended to the young without alarm or molestation.” —Loudon’s
Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. v. p. 570.

931. ORTHORHYNCHUs oRNATUS, Gould. . Vol. IV. Pl. CCVI.
*I’ Oiseau-mouche huppé, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois.-mou. p. 113,
pis. 31,32 7 -

Habitat. One of the Windward Islands; but which of them, is

unknown.

Basal two-thirds of the crest green, the apical third blue; upper
surface deep grass green ; throat dark smoky grey, becoming much
darker on the abdomen; flanks glossed with green; wings and tail
purplish black ; bill black. ;

Total length 33 inches ; bill, 4; wing 14; tail 14.

This species bears a general resemblance to the O. cristatus, but
differs from that bird in being of a somewhat smaller size, and in
having the basal two-thirds of the crest glittering green and the tip
only blue; the crest is also longer and more elegant in form than that
of C. cristatus or C.exilis. With the latter it never can be confounded,
while the former may always be distinguished from it by the trun-
cate form of the green portion of its crest. It is just possible that
the birds represented on the 31st and 32nd plates of Lesson’s “ His-
toire Naturelle des Oiseaux-mouches’ may have reference to this
bird.

932. ORTHORHYNCHUS EXILIS. . . . ~ Vol. IV. Pl. CCVIH.
Trochilus exilis, Gmel., Lath., Vieill.
Mellisuga ewilis, Gray & Mitch.
Trochilus cristatellus, Lath., Vieill.
Orthorhynchus chiorolophus, Bonap.
exilis, Reichenb., Bonap., Cabanis.
Habitat. The Islands of Martinique, Nevis, St. Thomas, and St.
Croix.

118

“ After a careful examination of skins procured from St. Croix
, and St. Thomas,” says Mr. Alfred Newton, “we refer them to the
_ above-named species, though one of a male presents a slightly dif-
_ ferent appearance from the ordinary type, in having a narrow blue
edging to the otherwise golden-green crest, and thus exhibiting an
' affinity to the closely-allied Blue-crest (O. eristatus) from St. Vin-
cent and Barbadoes. The present bird has, we believe, hitherto
been known only from Martinique and Nevis.

“I shot a female of this species at Southgate Farm on the north
shore of the eastern end of the Island of St. Croix, where much of
the land, being out of cultivation, is chiefly covered with Casha
bushes, interspersed with Manchioneel along the coast. I have been
told that a Humming-Bird smaller than the ordinary one, and there-
fore probably of this species, has been seen in other localities ; but
it must be very uncommon. Of its habits I know nothing.” —Jbis,
vol. i. p. 141.

The Brazilian genus Cephalepis comprises two species, with
lengthened ornamental crests terminating in a single plume, on
which account they stand alone not only in their own family, but,
so far as I am aware, among birds generally. The females are
entirely devoid of this conspicuous character. I think it very pro-
bable that additional species of this form will be discovered when
the natural productions of the interior of Brazil become better
known.

Genus CepHa.epris, Boié.

233. CEPHALEPIS DELALANDI . . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCVIII.

Trochilus Delalandi, Vieill., Temm,, Valenc., Less. &c.
Ornismya Delalandi, Less.
Trochilus versicolor, Vieill.
Mellisuga Delalandi, Gray & Mitch.
Cephalepis lalandii, Bonap.
*Cephalepis Delalandii, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 12.
* Orthorhynchus Delalandii, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p- 9.
* Cephalolepis Delalandi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p- 61.

Habitat. Southern Brazil.
234. CEPHALEPIS Loppicxsi, Gould. . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCIX.

Trochilus Loddigesii, Gould, Less., Jard.
optsthocomus, Licht.
Cephalepis loddigesi, Bonap.
Melhsuga Loddigesii, Gray & Mitch.
* Cephalepis Loddiggesii, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 12.
* Orthorhynchus Loddiggesii, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. Pp. 9.
* Cephalolepis Loddigesi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii, p- 61,

note.
Habitat. Minas Geraes and other parts of eastern Brazil.

Near to Cephalepis is the

i19

Genus Kuais, Reichenb.,

of which but one species is known. This singular bird, which
has no ornamental crest, and but little fine colouring to recommend
it to our notice, is a native of Venezuela and the hilly parts of
New Granada. The females of this form are much less highly
coloured than the males.

235. Kyuais GUIMETI .. . Foal ais s Wig dite fee

Trochilus Guimeti, Boure et Muls.
Hylocharis Guimeti, Gray & Mitch.
Klais Guimeti, Reichenb.
Myiabeillia guimeti, Bonap.
* Basilinna Guimeti, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 12; Cab. et Hein.
Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 45.
* Myiabellia guimeti, Selat. in Proc. Zool, Soc. part xxv. p. 17,
* Mellisuga Merrittii, Lawr. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. in New York,
vol. vii. April 9, 1860.

- Habitat. Venezuela and the Andes of New Granada.

‘In the district of El Mineral” in New Granada, says Dr. Mer-
ritt, “there has been a slight attempt at cultivation of the soil and
planting of fruit trees. The Orange, the Guama, and Guayava
trees are the most numerous, particularly the last named, which is
very prolific, bearing nearly throughout the year fruit in all its
stages from the blossom to maturity. Consequently the Guayava
tree is the favourite resort of the Humming Bird. I often watched
these little creatures feeding and quarrelling around a tree near the
door of my palm-leaf hut, and soon my attention was attracted to
one much smaller than the rest, whose pugnacity and indomitable
‘pluck’ greatly amused me. Upon closer examination of this di-
minutive feathered warrior my interest increased, as I soon became
convinced that it was new to me. I frequently afterwards saw nu-
merous specimens of it, and almost invariably encountered them
feeding from the blossoms of the Guayava, and I therefore conclude
they are quite local in their habitat.”

Genus MyraBeILiia, Bonap.

This is a very distinct generic form. Like that of Kats, it con-
tains but a single species, a delicately formed bird inhabiting
Mexico and Guatemala. The male is decorated with a brilliant
green gorget, a feature which is entirely absent in the female.

936. MYIABEILLIA TYPICA . - + + + ~ Vol. IV. Pl. CGAL.

Trochilus Abeillei, Delatt. et Less.
Mellisuga Abeillei, Gray & Mitch.
Ramphomicron abeilleit, Bonap.
Myiabeillia typica, Bonap.
* Baucis Abeillei, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13.
* Abeillia typica, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 79, Rampho-
micron, sp. 4. ;

120

*Basilinna Abeillii, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 11.
*Baucis Abeillei, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 72.

Habitat. Mexico and Guatemala.

“Volcan de Fuego and Coban. The barrancos of the volcano
are the only localities I am aware of, near Duefias, where this spe-
cies is found. Here, however, it is a common bird. It is usually
to be seen feeding about upon the brushwood, seeking the flowers,
&e. It is a restless species, but shows little symptoms of fear. My
skins from the Volcano are one female and three males. The pro-
portions at Coban are very different. Here it is common, being
found in all the mountain-hollows feeding among the Salvie. The
ratio of the sexes is as twenty males to one female.” — Salvin in Lis,
vol. ii. p. 262.

I must now direct the notice of my readers to some of the most
chaste and elegant species yet discovered of this or any other family
of birds—namely, the members of the genera Heliactin, Heliothrix,
Schistes, and Petasophora.

Genus Hetiactin, Boté.

The single species of this genus stands alone for the resplendent
and richly coloured tufts of feathers which spring from above and
behind the eye.

Zoe SLIACTIN CORNUTS 3. °So Ee ae BY. pid SE Gees 8 thy

Lrochilus cornutus, Pr. Max., Jard.
dilophus, Vieill.
bilophus, Temm.
Ornismya chrysolopha, Less.
Mellisuga bilopha, Steph.
Heliactin cornuta, Bonap.
Mellisuga cornuta, Gray & Mitch.
Helactinia cornuta, Reichenb.
* Heliactinus cornutus, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p- 356.
* Trochilus bilobus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.
* Heliactin cornuta, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p- 64.

Habitat. Brazil, particularly the district of Minas Geraes,

The female of this species, like that sex in the genus Heliothrix,
has a longer and more ample tail than her mate,— in which respect
the form offers an affinity to the members of the succeeding genus.

Genus Hetiorurix, Boié.

This, like the last, is a very well-marked form, of which two
species are natives of Central America and New Granada, one of
the regions of the upper Rio Negro, and two of the rich country of
Brazil. They are all distinguished by being decorated with beautiful
blue tufts on the sides of the neck, relieved by glittering green
checks and snowy breasts. In addition to this fine display of

121

colours, two of them have rich blue crowns ; there is yet another
character common, I believe, to the whole—that of the tail of the

females being much larger and more lengthened than that of the

males ; the young males, too, have this organ much more prolonged

than in the adult males; they have all peculiarly sharp wedge-

shaped bills, lengthened wings, and small feet. Judging from these

points in their structure, I believe these birds to be endowed with the
power of more rapid flight than any other members of the family.

938, FIELIOTHRIX AURITUS + + + = * Vol. IV. Pl. CCXIII.

Trochilus auritus, Gmel., Lath., Vieill., Swains.
Mellisuga Cayenensis major, Briss.
Ornismya aurita, Less.
Heliothrix auritus, Boié, Gray & Mitch., Bonap.
aurita, Gray.
Ornismya nigrotis, Less.
Heliothria nigrotis, Gray & Miteh., Bonap.
* Trochilus leucocrotaphus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. tom. vil.
p. 374; Id. Ency. Méth. Orn. part. 2nde, p. 571.
*Heliothrix aurita, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13; ‘Troch. Enum.
p-11; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 28.

Habitat. Northern Brazil, the banks of the Amazon, the Guianas,
and Venezuela.

939. HxeLioTHRIX AURICULATUS - + + > Vol. IV. Pl. CCXIV.

Trochilus auriculatus, Licht.
Ornismya Pouchettii, Less.
Heliothrix auriculatus, Gray & Mitch.
—_—_—— poucheti, Bonap.
* Heliothrix auriculata, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p.13; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 11; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 28.
aurita, jun., Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p- 336.

Habitat. South-eastern Brazil.

*

940. HELIOTHRIX PHAINOLAMA, Ctl x 5 OV AY. PCR.

* Heliothrix phenoleuca, Hartl. Wieg. Arch. xxii. 2. p. 23.
* phenolema, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 28,

note.
Habitat. The banks of the Upper Rio Negro.

94), HELIOTHRIx BARROTI-
Heliothrix purpureiceps, Gould. . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXVI.
Heliothrix purpuretceps, Gould in Proc. Zool. Soc., part xxii.

BBE ts st te
Barroti, Salvin in Ibis, vol. iii. p. 410.

Trochilus Barroti, Boure.
Heliothria Barroti, Gray & Mitch., Bonap.
* Heliothrix Barrott, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13; Id. Troch.
Enum. p.11; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 28 note.

122

*Ornismya Gabriel, Delatt. Echo du Monde Savant, No. 45, Juin
15, 1843, col. 1070.

Habitat. Guatemala, Costa Rica, and the forests of New Granada

bordering the Pacifie coast, as far south as Ecuador; Esme-

raldas (Fraser ).

942. HELIOTHRIX VIOLIFRONS, Gould.
Teliothrix Barroth... . ... . . Vol IV. PL @CXVIL

Habitat. Carthagena, or Veragua.

On receiving this bird from M. Warszewicz, I considered it to be
referable to the Heliothrix Barroti, and accordingly figured and
described it under that name. Subsequently I received another
bird with a differently coloured crown, which, believing it to be
new, I described and figured as H. purpureiceps, but I now find
that the latter is the true H. Barroti, and that the former is a new
bird; I therefore propose for it the distinctive appellation of
H. violifrons.

Between the genera Heliothrix and Petasophora appears to be
the proper situation for my genus Schistes; for to the former it
is nearly allied in its wedge-shaped bill, and to the latter in the
colouring of the tail. The three species known are all inhabitants
of the Andes of New Granada and Ecuador. I have often thought
that the white gular mark in Schistes albigularis is characteristic of
immaturity ; but this is by no means certain.

Genus ScuisTEs, Gould.
(2x iZw, findo.)

Generic characters.

Male.— Bill longer than the head, straight, wedge-shaped at the
tip ; wings moderately long and slightly rounded ; ¢ail rounded, the
feathers broad ; tars? partially clothed ; feeé small ; hind toe and nail
shorter than the middle toe and nail.

243. ScHisTes GEOFFROYI . . . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXVIITI.

Trochilus Geoffroyt, Boure. et Muls.
Petasophora? Geoffroyi, Gould.
Polytmus Geoffroyi, Gray & Mitch.
Colibri Geoffroy, Bonap.
* Schistes Geoffroyi, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13.
* Petasophora Geoffroyi, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 11.
* Schistes Geoffroyz, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 27.

Habitat. The Andes of New Granada.

244. SCHISTES PERSONATUS, Gould . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXIX.
Schistes geoffroyii, Sclat. in Proc. Zool. Soc. part xxviii. p. 70.
Habitat. Ecuador. g

This bird was obtained by Mr. Fraser at Pallatanga. He re-
marks, “I should have taken this to be the male of S. albogularis
but for the colour of the feet and shape of the tail. Bill and feet
black. Stomach contained insects.”

123

94h. SCHISTES ALBIGULARIS, Gould . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXX.

* Schistes albigularis, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13.
* Petasophora albigularis, Ib. Troch. Enum. p.11.
* Schistes albigularis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 27, note.

Habitat. The western side of Pichincha, in Ecuador, at an eleva-
tion of 6000 feet.

Mr. Fraser, who procured this bird at Pallatanga, says, “ Bill
black ; feet dark flesh-colour; gizzard contained insects; found in
the underwood.”

The members of the next genus, Augastes, have perhaps no direct
alliance with the preceding ; but as they are characterized by masked
faces, and have buffy marks on the sides of the chest, they are as well
placed here as elsewhere.

Both the 4. scutatus and A. Lumachellus are very beautiful
species, and have had the trivial name of Vizor-bearers applied to
them, from the very peculiar manner in which their entire faces are
covered with shining metallic feathers, giving the birds the appear-
ance of being masked; the under surface of their tails is also lumi-
nous, in which respect they present a similarity to the Metallure.

Genus Aueastes, Gould.
(AbydZo, illucesco, de airy?), splendor.)

Male.—Bill straight, longer than the head, and inclining to a
wedge-shape at the tip; head round, the feathers not advancing
upon the bill; wings rather long ; tail moderately long and square,
the feathers broad ; tarsi clothed; feet small; hind toe very dimi-
nutive ; face and tail luminous.

Female.—Destitute of luminous colouring.

246. AUGASTES scuratus . . . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXI.

Trochilus superbus, Vieill.
scutatus, Natt., Temm., Jard.
Ornismya Nattereri, Less.
Hylocharis superba, Gray & Mitch.
*Trochilus venustus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.
* dugastes superbus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13; Troch. Enum.
p- 11; Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 253.

Habitat. Ecuador.

247, Aucastes Lumacuettus . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXII.

Ornismya lumachella, Less.
Trochilus Lumachellus, Bourc. e
Hylocharis Lumachellus, Gray & Mitch.
*Lamprurus Lumachellus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 12.
*Ramphomicron Lumachellus, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 10.
* Augastes lumachellus, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,
p. 253; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 46.

Habitat. Central and Northern Brazil.

124

One of those genera which give but little trouble to the ornitho-
logist is the
Genus Petasopuora, G. R. Gray,

all the species having characters in common, while each has its own
peculiar distinction either in colour or markings. ‘The sexes are
alike in colour, but the females are always much smaller than the
males. This is strictly an Andean group, most of the species being
found in those elevated regions from Mexico in the north to Bolivia
in the south; one species, the P. serrirostris, inhabits Brazil.

948. PETASOPHORA SERRIROSTRIS «. . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXIII.

Trochilus serrirostris, Vieill.
janthinotus, Natt.
petasophorus, Pr. Max., Temm., Jard.
Ornismya petasophora, Less.
Grypus? Vieilloti, Steph.
Colibri crispus, Spix.
Petasophora serrirostris, Gray, Gould, Bonap.
Polytmus serrirostris, Gray & Mitch.
* Trochilus (Lophornis) petasophorus, Tschudi, Consp. p. 37.
No. 205.
+. chalcotis, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin. :
* Petasophora chalcotis, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 11.
“4 serrirostris, Id. ib. p. 13.
de erispa, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 335.
* serrirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 25.
Petasophora Gouldi, Bonap. (proposed for a smaller bird inhabit-
ing Bahia).
Habitat. Brazil, from Minas Geraes to Bahia.
949. PerasopHora ANAIS...... + « Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXIV.

Ramphodon Anais, Less.
Polytmus Anais, Gray & Mitch.
Colibri anais, Bonap.
Trochilus thalassinus, Jard.
Anais, Jard.
*Petasophora Anais, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 250 ;
Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 11; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil
iii, p. 26. ;
*Praxilla Anais, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 12.
Habitat. New Granada and Venezuela.

950. PETASOPHORA IOLATA, Gould . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXV.

Polytmus iolatus, Gray & Mitch.
Colibri jolata, Bonap.
*? Trochilus (Coeligena) Anais, Tschudi, Consp. p. 36, No. 201;
Id. Faun. Peru. p. 244, No. 4.
* Praailla iolata, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13.
* Petasophora iolata, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 11.

125

* Petasophora rhodotis “ Gould,” Saucerotte in Mus. Heinean.
Wi iolata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 26. ”

| Habitat. Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
251. PerasopHora coRuscANns, Gould . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXVI.

Trochilus (Petasophora) coruscans, Gould.
Petusophora coruscans, Gould.

_ Polytmus coruscans, Gray & Mitch.
Colibri coruscans, Bonap.

Habitat. Unknown.

I have never seen a second example of this singular bird, which
departs from the ordinary species, and assimilates somewhat to the

P. Delphine.
952, PETASOPHORA THALASSINA «+ + Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXVII.

Trochilus thalassinus, Swains.
Polytmus thalassinus, Gray & Mitch.
Colibri thalassinus, Bonap.
* Trochilus Anais, Swains. Birds of Brazil, pl.’75.
* Ornismya Anais, Less. Supp. des Ois.-mou. pg. Se.
* Ramphodon Anais, Less. Troch. p. 148, pl. 56?
* Trochilus Anais, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii. p. 2?
* Cynanthus thalassinus, Jard. ib. p. 148.
* Colibris thalassina, Sclat. in Proe. of Zool. Soe. part. xxiv. p. 287.
*Petasophora thalassina, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,
p-250; Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 27; Reichenb.
Troch. Enum. p. 11.
* Praxilla thalassina, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13.

Habitat. Mexico and Guatemala.
<The barrancos of the Volcan de Fuego are favourite resorts of
this species. A specimen obtained at Duedas on the 15th of Sep-

tember was the only one I saw out on the llano, as the bird is
usually found in the dense forest.” — Salvin in Ibis, vol. ii. p. 260.

953. PeTASOPHORA CYANOTIS . . + Vol. IV. Fl. CCX XVII.

Trochilus cyanotus, Boure.
Petasophora cyanotus, Gould.
Polytmus cyanotus, Gray & Mitch.
Colibri cyunotis, Bonap.
* Ornismya Anais, Less. Troch. p.151, pl. 57?
* Praxilla cyanotis, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13.
* Petasophora cyanotus, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 11.
* - cyanotis, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 251 ;
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii}. p. 26. ;

Habitat. New Granada and Venezuela.

954. PerasopHorA DELPHINE « « . Vol. IV. Pl. CCX XIX.

Ornismya Delphine, Less.
Polytmus Delphine, Gray & Mitch.

126

Colibri delphine, Bonap.
* Telesiella Delphine, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13.
* Petasophora Delphine, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 11.
eee delphina, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p.251.
* Telesilla Delphine, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 27.

Habitat. The Guianas, Trinidad, Venezuela, Guatemala, New
Granada, and Ecuador.

«“ This Humming-Bird seems to have been quite unknown at
Coban previously to the collection of my specimens. The first was
shot by my collector, Cipriano Prado, among some Salvie, in one
of the mountain hollows near Coban. Salvie being in flower in
November, their blossoms are sought after by nearly every species
of Humming-Bird near Coban, and this among the rest. It is rare
even at Coban; and though much sought for by the Indian boys
in consequence of my offers of reward, but few specimens were
obtained.

“Three males to one female appears to be about the proportion
of the sexes.” —Salvin in Ibis, vol. ii. p. 261.

There is no one genus among the Trochilide that has more
sadly puzzled me, and doubtless other ornithologists, than that
containing the two species known under the specific names of
virescens and viridissimus (Chrysobronchus virescens and C. viridi-
caudus of my Plates), no two persons agreeing as to the place
they should fill in the family. Dr. Cabanis, in his ‘Museum Hei-

neanum,’ is of opinion that the generic name of Polytmus, proposed
by Brisson in 1760, is the one under which they should be retained ;
although I concur in this opinion, I cannot agree with him in
placing them near to the genus Gilaucis; and I may be open to
criticism in ranging them here, but I really cannot find a better
situation for them. I have stated that there are two species of this
form, but I have some reason to believe there is a third, as I have a
small specimen collected by M. Warszewicz on the River Magdalena,
which may prove to be distinet; but until I have further evidence
that such is the case, I decline to characterize it; independently of
its smaller size, it has much more white on the tail than any other
I have seen. :
Genus Potytmus, Briss.

The P. virescens and P. viridissimus are the only species yet
characterized of this genus. ‘They are distinguished by the golden
hues of their throats. A great similarity exists between the sexes ;
but the young of P. virescens have reddish-brown breasts, and are
altogether different in colour from the adults.

955. PoLYTMUS VIRESCENS.
Chrysobronchus virescens . . - + + Vok IVuPE LER.
Trochilus Thaumatias, Linn., Lath., Vieill.
——— viridescens, Linn.
virescens, Dumont, Licht., Vieill., Pr. Max.
chrysobronchus, Shaw, Steph.

Trochilus viridis, Vieill.
Ornismya viridis, Less.
Trochilus chlor oleucurus, Sauc.
Polytmus chrysobronchus, Gray & Mitch.
Chrysobronchus virescens, Bonap.
Leucippus chrysobronchus, Reichenb.

* Polyimus thaumantias, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 5.

_ Habitat. Trinidad; Venezuela; and New Granada?

256. PoLYTMUS VIRIDISSIMUS.
Chrysobronchus viridicaudus . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXXI.

Trochilus viridissimus, Aud. et Vieill.
Trochilus Theresia, Da Silva.
* Ornismya viridis, Less. Les Troch. p. 96, pl. 33.
* Trochilus virescens, Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 107.
*Amazilia viridissima, Bonap. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 77; Amazilia,
sp. 4.
© Smeragditis viridissima, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7.
* Chrysobronchus viridissimus, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,
252.
+ Gniaedns viridissimus, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 695.
figs. 4547-48.
* Thaumatias viridissimus, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 344.
* Thaumatias chrysurus, Burm. ib. p. 345.
* Trochilus viridicaudus, Sauc. MSS.
* Trochilus prasinus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.
+ Polytmus Theresia, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 5.

Habitat. The banks of the Amazon, from Para to the confines of
Peru. I have also received specimens from Demerara.

I have before stated that it would be impossible to arrange the
Humming-Birds on the score of affinity ; and I repeat that the vari-
ous genera are so widely different, and so many connecting forms are
wanting, that it is quite out of the question to attempt their arrange-
ment on this ground. It is of little importance, then, where we place
the bird known under the name of Patagona gigas and distinguished
from all others by its great size, its ample wings, its sombre colour-
ing, and by the similarity in the plumage of the two sexes. At
present the single species which has been characterized, and which

ranges from Ecuador to the southern parts of Chili, where it isa |
migrant, is all that is known of this form; but I observe that the |

Chilian and Ecuadorian specimens differ considerably in size, the |

Jatter being the largest.

Genus Paracona, G. R. Gray.

257. PaATAGONA GIGAS . + + + + Vol ly. bic OCR % XL.

Trochilus gigas, Vieill., Jard.
Ornismya tristis, Less.

Kee

128

Cynanthus tristis, Less.
Ornismya gigantea, D’Orb. et Lafres.
Patagona gigas, Gray, Bonap., Reichenb.
Hylocharis gigas, Gray.
* Hypermetra gigas, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 81.
* Trochilus gigas, Bridges, Proc. of Zool. Soc. part xi. p. 114;
Darwin, Zool. of Beagle, part iii. Birds, p. 111.

Habitat. Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile.

«The American Aloe (Agave Americana) is the only plant this
bird is ever seen feeding upon in Eeuador.”’—Jameson and Fraser
in Idzs, vol. i. p. 400.

“This species,” says Mr. Darwin, “ is common in Central Chile.
It is a large bird for the delicate family to which it belongs. At
Valparaiso, in the year 1834, I saw several of these birds in the mid-
dle of August, and I was informed they had only lately arrived from
the parched deserts of the north. Towards the middle of Septem-
ber (the vernal equinox) their numbers were greatly increased.
They breed in Central Chile, and replace, as I have before said, the
foreguing species ” (Fustephanus galeritus), “ which migrates south-
ward for the same purpose. The nest is deep in proportion to its
width—externally three inches and a half deep, internal depth a
little under one inch and three quarters, width within one inch and
two-tenths; mouth slightly contracted. Externally it is formed of
fine fibrous grass woven together, and attached by one side, and bot-
tom, to some thin upright twigs ; internally it is thickly lined with
a felt, formed of the pappus of some composite fower. When on
the wing, the appearance of this bird is singular. Like others of the
genus, it moves from place to place with a rapidity which may be
compared to that of Syrphus among Diptera, and Sphinx among
Moths; but whilst hovering over a flower, it flaps its wings with a
very slow and powerful movement, totally different from that vibra-
tory one, common to most of the species, which produces the hum-
ming noise. I never saw any other bird, where the force of its
wings appeared (as in a butterfly) so powerful in proportion to the
weight of its body. When hovering by a flower, its tail is con-
stantly expanded and shut like a fan, the body being kept in a nearly
vertical position. This action appears to steady and support the
bird, between the slow movements of its wings. Although flying
from flower to flower in search of food, its stomach generally con-
tained abundant remains of insects, which I suspect are much more
the object of its search than honey is. The note of this species,
like that of nearly the whole family, is extremely shrill.’— Darwin,
Zooloyy of the Beagle, part iii. Birds, p. 111.

“The Troch. gigas is found in all the central provinces of
Chile: it is seen about Valparaiso during the spring and summer
months, feeding on the flowers of Pouwrretia coarctata and Lobelia
polyphylla in preference to others. It generally builds its nest near
a little rivulet, frequently on a solitary. twig or branch over the water ;
the nest is beautifully constructed, and is composed of moss and the

129

down of a species of Gnaphalium. _ Eggs white; iris dark brown.
Catches flies.’"— Bridges in Proc. Zool. Soc. pt. vi. p.- 114.

The forms to which we now proceed are mostly of large size, have
straight lengthened bills, and are very gorgeously coloured. These
straight and prolonged bills are in unison with the flora with which
they are associated, particularly such deep tubular flowers as those of
the genera Brugmansia, Lepageria, Nematanthus, Tacsonia, Alstro-
meria, Dipladenia, &e.

The first genus is that of Docimastes. Of this remarkable form,
the single species known stands alone among Humming-Birds for the
great length of its bill. Nature here appears to have carried the de-
velopment of this organ to its maximum ; and how wonderfully is it
adapted for exploring the lengthened tubular flowers from which the
bird obtains its insect food !

Genus Docirmastss, Gould.
(Aoxtpafw, exploro.)

Generic characters. |
Male.—Bill of extraordinary length, exceeding that of the head

and body, and inclining upwards; wings long and pointed; tad
moderately long and forked ; tarsi short and partially clothed ; feet
small; Aind toe shorter than the middle toe ; face and gorget dull ;
sides of the chest luminous.

Female.—Unadorned.

258. DOCIMASTES ENSIFERUS . « - Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXXIHI.

Ornismya ensifera, Boiss.
Trochilus Derbianus, Fras.
Mellisuga ensifera, Gray & Mitch.

* Docimastes Derbyanus, Licht. in Mus. Berlin.
* — ensifera, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 77--

Habitat. Columbia and Ecuador.

Specimens from the neighbourhood of Bogota differ from those
received from Quito in being of much smaller size; but I consider

romaine

these as mere races of one and the same species, for I can see no |

characters on which a specific distinction could be founded.

The next species is interesting for its great size, the elegance of
its proportions, and the beauty and harmony of its colours. This

new and extraordinary bird I have named Hugenia Imperatriz in
honour of the Empress of the French.

Genus Eveenta, Gould.
(Eugenia, nom. propr.)

Generic characters. : gee 8
Male.—Bill straight or slightly mclimng upwards, longer than

the head; wings long; primaries rigid ; tail long and forked, the

130

feathers narrow and unyielding ; ¢arsi partially clothed ; feet small ;
hind toe long ; nail moderate ; face luminous. Female.—Unadorned.

259. Eveenia IMPERATRIX. .. - Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXXIV.
Habitat. Ecuador.

“‘ Professor Jameson’s specimens of this fine bird were obtained in
the neighbourhood of Auca, on the road to Nanegal, at about 6000
or 7000 feet elevation. They were feeding on the Alstremeria,
Dature not being found in that locality.” —Jameson and Fraser in
Ibis, vol. 1. p. 400. :

The members of the genus Helianthea, distinguished by their star-
like frontlets and luminous under surfaces, appear to range next to
the preceding. Three of them (namely, H. typica, H. Bonaparter,
and H. Kos) are quite typical ; while the H. Lutetze and H. violifera
differ somewhat in their colouring, the lower part of the body of
the two latter species not being luminous, while they assimilate in all
other respects. Dr. Reichenbach’s separation of the H. typica and
H. Bonaparte into a separate genus (Hypochrysia) cannot, in my
opinion, for a moment be admitted.

Genus Heviantuea, Gould.

(“HAws, sol, et avOos, flos.)

Generic characters.

Male.—Bill long, straight and cylindrical ; wings moderately long
and powerful ; ¢azl of medium size and slightly forked when closed ;
tarsi extremely short and clothed with feathers; feet very small ;
hind toe the shortest ; forehead and under surface luminous.

Female.—Destitute of luminous colouring.

The members of this genus frequent the Andes for at least eight
degrees on each side of the equator.

260. HELIANTHEA TYPICA . ..,.. . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXXV.

Ornismya helianthea, Less.
Mellisuga helianthea, Gray & Mitch.
Helianthea typica, Bonap., Cabanis.
*Trochilus porphyrogaster, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.

Habitat. New Granada. Is exceedingly common in the neigh-
bourhood of Bogota. A large race occurs near Pamplona.

261. HeviantHeaA Bonaparter . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXXVI.

Ornismya Bonapartei, Boiss., Bourc.
Trochilus aurigaster, Lodd.
Mellisuga Bonapartei, Gray & Mitch.
Helianthea Bonapartii, Bonap., Cabanis.
* Hypochrysa Bonaparti, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p.9; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 6, pl. 739. figs. 4683-84.
*Trochilus chrysogaster, Licht. in Mus. Berlin.

Habitat. New Granada. Examples frequently occur in collections
from Bogota. -—

131

262. Hentanruea Eos, Gould . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXXVII.
Mellisuga eos, Gray & Mitch.

Helianthea eos, Bonap.
Hypochrysia eos, Reichenb.

Habitat. Paramos da los Conejos, near Merida in Columbia.
263. Hewianruea Luretia . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXXXVIII..

Trochilus Lutetie, Delatt. et Boure.

Mellisuga lutetie, Gray & Mitch.

Helianthea lutetie, Bonap., Cabanis.

Habitat. Popayan and Ecuador. Professor Jameson and Mr.
Fraser state that “This bird is found in the valleys of Lloa and
Pelogalli, but not nearer Quito.”’—Ibis, vol. i. p. 400.

264. HELIANTHEA VIOLIFERA, Gould Vol. IV. PI. COXXXEX.

Trochilus violifer, Gould.
Mellisuga violifera, Gray & Mitch.
Helianthea violifera, Bonap.
— violifera, Bonap., Cabanis.
Habitat. “In proving Chulimani au Cordilera”’ in Bolivia (War-
szewicz).

Genus HretiotryeHa, Gould.

(“HAuos, sol, et TPUOI, luxuria. )

Generic characters.

Male.—Bill straight and of the same length as the head; wings
rather long; tail long and forked; tarsi partially clothed; feet
small; hind toe rather shorter than the middle one; forehead and
throat luminous.

Female.—Destitute of luminous colouring on the throat.

The members of this genus, two in number, differ from those of
Heliangelus in the absence of any band of white on the chest and in
having a lengthened and deeply forked tail.

265. HEeLIoTRYPHA PARZUDAKI. . . .; Vol. IV. Pl. CCXL.

Ornismya Parzudaki, De Longuem. et Parz.
Mellisuga Parzudaki, Gray & Mitch.
Heliangelus parzudaki, Bonap.
Heliotrypha parzudakii, Bonap.
Trochilus exortis, Fras.
Parzudakia dispar, Reichenb.
* Ramphomicron dispar, Reich. Troch. Enum. p. 10.
*Trochilus lasiopygus, Licht. in Mus. Berlin.
* Heliotryphon Parzudakii, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 74.

Habitat. New Granada; and Ecuador, where it is rare.
266. HexiorryPHA VIOLA, Gould . . . VOWIV Ply CORLL
Heliangelus viola, Gould.

132

* Parzudakia viola, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 12.
*Ramphomicron viola, Id. Troch. Enum. p. 10.
* Heliotryphon viola, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 74.

Habitat. Ecuador.

Genus HELIANGELUS, Gould.

("Hrwos, sol, et dyyedos, angelus.)

Generic characters.

Male.— Bill straight, about the same length as the head, and
eylindrical ; wings somewhat powerful ; ¢ail rather round in form
and of medium size; feet moderately strong: hind toe and nail the
same length as the middle toe and nail; gorget luminous, bounded
below by a crescent of white.

Female.—Destitute of luminous colouring.

This is perhaps a better-defined genus than any other of those mto
which the Andean groups of Humming-Birds have been divided. Its
characteristics are a moderately long bill surmounted by a band of
lustrous colour on the forehead, and a deep luminous gorget sepa-
- rated from the general colour of the body by a semicircular band of
white. Like the Helianthee and Heliotryphe the species of this
form range along the Andes on both sides of the equator.

Dr. Reichenbach, in my opinion, went far out of his way when he
separated these birds into three genera—Trochilus, Anactoria, and
Diotima. Had he carefully studied the group from actual speci-
mens, he would have seen that this was unnecessary.

267. HeniaNGeLus Cuariss#. . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXLII.

Ornismia Clarisse, De Longuem.

Mellisuga Clarisse, Gray & Mitch.

Heliangelus Clarisse and Clarissa, Bonap.

Anactoria Clarissa, Reichenb.
*Trochilus Clarissa, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 10.
* Heliangelus Clarisse, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 75.
* Anactoria Libussa, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 12; Id. Troch.

Enum. p. 10.

Habitat. The high lands of New Granada. Plentiful in collections
from Bogota.
268. Hexiance us stropaianvs, Gould Vol. IV. Pl. CCXLIII.

Trochilus strophianus, Gould.
Mellisuga strophiana, Gray & Mitch.
Heliangelus strophianus, Bonap.
Anactoria Strophiana, Reichenb.
*Trochilus Strophiana, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 10.

Habitat. Ecuador.
269. Henianceuus Spencer. . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXLIV.

Trochilus Spencet, Boure.

SS

133

Mellisuga Spencei, Gray & Mitch.
Heliangelus Spencei, Bonap.
Diotima Spencei, Reichenb.
*Trochilus Spencei, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 10.

Habitat. The ranges of Sierra Nevada de Merida in New Granada.

270. HELIANGELUS AMETHYSTICOLLIS . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXLV.

- Orthorhynchus amethysticollis, D’Orb. et Lafres.
Mellisuga amethysticollis, Gray & Mitch.
Trochilus amethysticollis, Tschudi.
Lampornis amethysticollis, Tschudi.
Heliangelus amethysticollis, Bonap., Cabanis.
Anactoria amethysticollis, Reichenb.
*Trochilus amethysticollis, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 10.

Habitat. Peru.

271, Heuiancecus Mavors, Gould. . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXLVI.

Mellisuga Mavors, Gray & Mitch.
Heliangelus mavors, Bonap.
Trochilus Mavors, Reichenb.
*T'rochilus Mavors, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 10.

Habitat. The Paramos of Portachuela and Zumbador in New
Granada.

That almost terra.incognita, so far at least as its zoological produc-
tions are concerned, the Andes of La Paz, has given us, through the
researches of M. Warszewicz, one of the most distinct as well as one of
the most beautiful forms yet discovered among the T rochilide. This
remarkable bird is the type of my genus Diphlogena, to which I have
since added a second species under the name of D. Aurora, with a
mark of reservation in case it may prove to be the female of D. Iris ;
for the present, however, I regard it as distinct.

‘ Genus DirenLocana, Gould.
(&-, duplex, et proyatyvos, flammeus.)

Generic Characters. ;
Male.—Bill straight and longer than the head; wing very long
and pointed ; tail lengthened and deeply forked; tarsi short and
partially clothed ; feet small; hind toe short ; natls moderately long
and straight ; crown decorated with several luminous colours.

Female.—Unknown.

272. Dreuiocana Iris, Gould vec wee Ode 1 COXLVII.
Helianthea Iris, Gould, Bonap.

Habitat. Andes of Bolivia, between Sorata and Illinani. The
locality given me by M. Warszewicz is the province of Huanca-
bamba au Cordilera Solaio, 9000 feet.

134

f

273. DipHLoGH@Nna AURORA, Gina . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXLVIII.

*Hypochrysia Aurora, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 9.

*Coeligena Warszewizii, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 23.

* Coeligena Warszewiceti, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 690.
fig. 4526.

Habitat. Peru; locality the same as D. Iris.

Dr. Reichenbach’s specific name of Warszewiczi must, I believe,
give place to that of Diphlogena Aurora, unless his name was pro-
posed prior to the 12th of April, 1853, when I read my paper on this
and other new species before the meeting of the Zoological Society of
poe as reported in the ‘Athenzeum’ of the 16th of the same
month.

The form which appears to me to range next in point of affinity is
that of Clytolema. The two members of this genus, unlike their
predecessors, which are from the Andes, are natives of the low coun-
tries,—one, the C. rubinea, being found in Brazil, and, so far as we
yet know, confined to the most eastern parts of that country; the
other, the beautiful C. aurescens, is an inhabitant of the forests of
the upper part of the Rivers Madeira and Negro.

Genus CiyTroLama, Gould.
(KXvros, celebris, et Naruds, guttur.)

Generic characters.

Male.—Bill straight and rather longer than the head; wings
moderately long and pointed ; ¢ai/ rather short, andvery slightly, tarsi
partially clothed; feet strong; hind toe and nail shorter than the
fore toes and nails; crown and gorget luminous.

Female.—Destitute of any fine colour.

274, CLYTOLEMA RUBINEA . . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCXLIX.

Mellisuga Brasiliensis, gutture rubro, Briss.

Trochilus rubineus, Gmel., Lath., Vieill., Cab.

Ornismya rubinea, Less.

Mellisuga rubinea, Gray & Mitch.

Heliomaster rubineus, Bonap.

Trochilus obscurus, Gmel., Lath. (Cabanis).
* — ruficaudatus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d Hist. Nat. tom. vii.

p- 370, tom. xxii. p. 429.
*Cynanthus rubineus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii.
. 146.

* Heliodowa rubinea, Reich. Troch. Enum. p. 9, pl. 744. fig. 470-69.
* Calothorax rubinea, Burm. Th. Bras. i. p. 340.

Habitat. The eastern portions of Brazil; common at Rio de
Janeiro.
275. CiryroLama? AURESCENS, Gould . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCL.
Trochilus (Lampornis) ‘aurescens, Gould.

135

Polytmus aurescens, Gray & Mitch.

Lampornis aurescens, Bonap.

Margarochrysis aurescens, Reichenb.

Campylopterus aurescens, Bonap.

Habitat. The forests bordering the Rivers Madeira, Upper Amazon,
and Negro.

_ By some Trochilidists it may be thought that this species should
form the type of a distinct genus; but after a careful comparison I
believe that I have placed it in its right situation; at the same time
I admit that there is some little doubt on the subject.

{ next proceed to a group of birds of considerable size, with
lengthened straight bills, and the plumage and markings of which
yender them very conspicuous—the prevailing colours being black
and white, relieved by blue and other tints on the crown ; they have
small and very delicate feet, the colours of which are either rosy or
white. I consider them to constitute a very distinct section of the
Trochilidee, and I have much pleasure in adopting for them the
generic appellation of Bourcierta proposed by the late Prince Charles
Bonaparte. All the known species are from the Andes, over which
they are spread from the southern part of Peru to the northern part
of New Granada.

Genus BourcreriaA, Bonap.

As a typical example of the form, I commence with—

276. BOURCIERIA TORQUATA . «+ + + > Vol. IV. Pl. CCLI.

Ornismya torquata, Boiss.
Mellisuga torquata, Gray & Mitch.
Bourcieria torquata, Bonap., Reichenb.
* Homophania torquata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 79.
Habitat. Columbia. Common in the temperate regions round
Bogota.
277, BourcreRia FuLGIDIGULA, Gould . Vol. IV. Pl. CCLII.
Homophania fulgidigula, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein, Theil iu. p. 79,
note.
Habitat. Ecuador.

278. BOURCIERIA INSECTIVORA.

*Trochilus (Lampornis) insectivorus, Tschudi, Consp. p. 38, No.
211; Id. Faun, Per. p. OAS) t 28, 1. ls

I observe that M. Cabanis has placed the T. insectivorus of
Tschudi among the synonyms of B. torquata ; but, having had
Tschudi’s type specimen sent to me from Neuchatel, I am not satis-
fied as to its identity with that species. The specimen referred to
seems to me to be the young of some bird of which we have not yet
seen the adult. I therefore retain the name in my list; but of course

136

do not figure it. It appears to me to offer an alliance to the
B. Conradi.

Habitat. Peru.
279. BourcreriA Conrapbit. . «. « ~ Vol. IV. Pl. CCLIII.

Trochilus Conradii, Boure.
Mellisuga Conradii, Gray & Mitch.
Conradinia Conradi, Reichenb.
Bourcieria Conrad, Bonap., Reichenb.
* Helianthea Conradi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 80, note.

Habitat. Pamplona in New Granada.

280. Bourciertia Inca, Gould. . . ~. Vol. IV. Pl. CCLIV.
_ Bourcieria Inca, Gould, Bonap., Reichenb.
* Homophania Inca, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 79.

Habitat. Province of Coroico in Bolivia; 6000 or 8000 feet (War-
szewicz).

Genus Lampropyeta, Reichend.

The members of this genus (all figured in the work under the
generic appellation of Celigena) bear a general resemblance to the
last as regards their size and the lengthened and straight form of
their bills ; but their style of colouring is very different, and, however
much some naturalists may dissent from the idea of colour being re-
garded as a generic character, I do think that it is of no little im-
portance in this group of birds ; for I find that every distinct section
or genus is distinguished by some peculiar style of plumage and
colouring common to all the species of which it is composed, and not
found in the others. Thus the members of the present genus all
bear a plumage of a rather dull or sombre character with the excep-
tion of the lower part of the back, where it is luminous ; but, as is the
case with the Agleactines, this luminous colouring is only to be seen
when viewed from behind. All the known species are found among
the Andes, both on the northern and southern sides of the equator.

281. LAMPROPYGIA C@LIGENA.

Complies ty pica. . hei 5 5 ee hs VON AV gly We

Ornismya ceeligena, Less.
Mellisuga ceeligena, Gray & Mitch.
Celigena typica, Bonap.
*Lampornis celigena, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming-Birds, vol. ii. p.
roa,
* Ceeligena typica, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 686. fig. 4515,
*Lampropygia celigena, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 78,

Habitat. New Granada.

: In my account of this species, which is common ih the neighbour-
| hood of Bogota, I stated that the Bolivian birds which appeared to
| be identical with it are much larger in size and darker in colour, and

137

that I thought it probable that they would prove to be distinet and
undescribed ; I still entertain the same opinion. I therefore take this
opportunity of assigning to this southern representative a specific ap-
pellation, but do not consider it necessary to give a figure of it.

282. Lampropyera Boxrviana, Gould.

This bird bears a general resemblance to the L. eceligena, but differs
in being of a much darker colour on the head and neck, and in having
the tail dark olive-brown washed with bronze in lieu of light bronzy-
brown ; the lower part of the back also is more richly coloured, the
crescentic markings of green showing still greater lustre when viewed
from behind.

Total length 53 inches ; bill 13 ; wing 34; tail 24; tarsi }.

Habitat. Bolivia.

233. LAMPROPYGIA PURPUREA. 3
Ceeligena purpurea, Gould . . . = - Vol. IV. Pl. CCLVI.

* Ocligena ——, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 73, Coeligena,
sp. 2.

* Celigena purpurea, Reich. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 753. figs. 4727,
4728.

* Lampropygia purpurea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 71,
note.

Habitat. Popayan.

984. LAMPROPYGIA PRUNELLEI.
Ceeligena Prunelli . - - + + + + Vol. IV. Pl. CCLVII.

Trochilug Prunelli, Bourc.
Mellisuga Prunellei, Gray & Mitch.
Homophania Prunellii, Reichenb.
Bourcieria prunelli, Bonap.
* Bourcieria Prunelli, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 750. figs.
4721, 4722.
* Homophania Prunelli, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 79.
Habitat. Andes of New Granada. Common in collections from
Bogota.

285. Lampropyei1a WILSON.
Coligena Wilsoni.. . 2). . 2» Vol. IV. Pl. CCLVIIL.
Trochilus Wilsoni, Delatt. et Boure.
Mellisuga Wilsoni, Gray & Mitch.
Bourcieria Wilsoni, Bonap., Reichenb.
Lampropygia Wilsoni, Reichenb., Cabanis.
Habitat. Ecuador.

‘There must be some error when M. Bourcier states that he killed
this species at an elevation of 10,000 feet, and in Nono, which lies at
about 9000 feet. The bird belongs strictly to the warmer countries,

138

such as Nanegal, which is only about 4000 feet in altitude.’’—
Jameson and Fraser in Ibis, vol. 1. p. 400.

A group rather than a genus next claims our attention; for two or
three very well-marked divisions occur among the birds I have
figured under the generic name of Heliomaster. Unlike the last,
which are-confined within certain limits, these birds are widely spread,
some of them over Mexico and Central America, and others over
Venezuela, and even further south than the latitude of Rio de Janeiro
in Brazil.

The members of this section of the Trochilide are of rather large
size, have long straight bills, lengthened wings, and a structure
admirably adapted for aérial progression. The males are mostly
clothed with fine colours on the crown and throat.

The species of the

Genus HetiomastTer, Bonap.,

as now restricted, are at least five or six in number, and four of
them are inhabitants of Central America or countries north of the
Isthmus of Panama. Their short, nearly square tails, the outer
feathers of which, together with their under tail-coverts, are spotted
with white, render them very conspicuous. ;

286. HeELIOMASTER LONGIROSTRIS. . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCLIX.
Trochilus longirostris, Vieill.

superbus, Shaw, Lath., Temm., Jard.
Ornismya superba, Less.
Long-billed Humming-Bird, Lath.
Mellisuga longirostris, Gray & Mitch.
Heliomaster longirostris, Bonap., Reich., Cabanis.
*Selasphorus longirostris, Reichenb., Troch. Enum. p. 11.

Habitat. Trinidad.

287. HELIOMASTER STUARTA, Lawr.

* Heliomaster longirostris, Sclat. in Proc. of Zool. Soc. part xxv.
p- 16.

*# —— Stuarte, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. in New York,
April 9, 1860.

Habitat. New Granada; the neighbourhood of Bogota.

Mr. G. N. Lawrence, of New York, considers the bird from
Bogota to be distinct from the Heliomaster longirostris of Trinidad,
and has assigned to it the distinctive appellation of Stuarte, in
honour of a most estimable lady, the wife of R. L. Stuart, Esq.,
, of New York.

For my own part, I have always regarded the Bogota and Tri-
nidad birds as one and the same; but Mr. Lawrence has ever
maintained that they are distinct ; and on the day when these re-
marks were written I received from him a copy of the first part
of his paper entitled ‘‘ Catalogue of a Collection of Birds made in

139

New Granada, by James McLennan, Esq., of New York,”’ in which,
referring to his Heliomaster Stuarte, he says :—* Since describing
this species, I have had an opportunity of examining seven other
specimens from Bogota. I find the bills of these to be quite as long
as those of H. longirostris; but they are much stouter, and the
base of the bill is very broad and bare of feathers, whereas in longi-
rostris the bill is comparatively narrow at the base, and the feathers
extend quite forward on the bill. These differences were constant
in an equal number of each species.”

Whether the birds are really distinct or mere local varieties, time
and the acquisition of a larger number of specimens must determine.
I have in my own collection two specimens of another bird of this
form, which bear a very general resemblance both in size and mark-
ings; but the crown, instead of being bluish green, is positive blue.
So decided is this colour, that I have no hesitation in saying that, if
so slight a difference is allowed to separate the Bogotan and Trini-
dadian birds, these also must be regarded as belonging to a distinct
species, and the term Selateri, which has been proposed by Dr. Caba-
nis, be used for them. I have two very fine males of this bird in fully
adult plumage, killed by M. Warszewicz in Costa Rica; but in what
particular locality, is unknown to me. Besides the Costa-Rican bird,
I have another, still more different, from Southern Mexico, a most
charming specimen, killed by M. Montes de Oca. This beautiful
bird also bears a general resemblance in colour and markings to
those immediately preceding, but is distinguished from all of them
by its delicate light-green metallic crown. For this new species I
propose the name of pallidiceps.

If this little section be found to be composed of four distinct
birds, the species will stand thus :—H. Jongirostris of Trinidad and
the adjacent portions of the continent; H. Stwarte of Bogota ;
H. Sclateri of Costa Rica; and H. pallidiceps of Guatemala and
Mexico. ;

288. HELIOMASTER Scratert, Cabanis.
* Heliomaster Sclateri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 54,
March 30, 1860.

Habitat. Costa Rica.

239. HELIOMASTER PALLIDICEPS, Gould.

Crown of the head shining pale green, much paler than in H. don-
girostris; chin black ; gorget purplish red, separated from the ear-
coverts by a distinct mark of white; upper surface bronzy green ;
two centre tail-feathers wholly green, the next on each side green
tipped with black; the three outer feathers green at the base, then
black, and a spot of pure white at the tip, the white spot becoming
less from the outer one, until on the third it is amere speck ; wings
purplish brown ; chest and centre of the abdomen grey; flanks
bronzy green ; under tail-coverts pale green, tipped with white.

Total length 32 inches; bill 12; wing 23; tail 13; tarsi up

Habitat. Mexico and Guatemala.

140

“ The white sides and the white spot on the back show very con-
spicuously as this bird rests on its perch.”’—Salvin in Ibis, vol. ii.
p. 264. ;

290. HetiomAsTeR CONSTANTI 18) an OO ee COE,

Ornismya Constanti, Delatt.

Habitat. Guatemala, and Costa Rica.

291. HeLIoMAsTER LEOCADIA.
Heliomaster pinicola, Gould . . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXI.

Trochilus Leocadie, Boure. Ann. des Sci. Nat. de Lyon, tom. iv.
S852.

Habitat. Mexico.

Genus LeripoLarRynx, Reich.

This form, of which the single species known has received the
above generic appellation, differs in many particulars from the pre-
ceding: the bill is less elongated and not so straight, while the tail
is decidedly forked ; independently of which, the gular mark is very
different, the entire throat being luminous, while in all the species of
Heliomaster the chin is black.

292. LePIDOLARYNX MESOLEUCUS.
Heliomaster mesoleucus . . . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXII.

Trochilus mesoleucus, Temm.
— longirostris, Natt.
~ sguamosus, 'Termm.
mystacinus, Vieill.
Ornismya Temminckit, Less.
mesoleuca, Less.
Mellisuga mesoleuca, Steph.
squamosa, Steph.
melanoleuca, Gray & Mitch.
Heliomaster mesoleucus, Bonap.
*Lepidolarynx mesoleucus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 13.
*Selasphorus (Lepidolarynx) mesoleucus, Reichenb. Troch. Enum.
pers
*Ornithomyia mesoleuca, Bonap. in Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,
. 251.
Mletinnntater squamosus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 53.
*Calothorax mesoleucus, Burm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 339, 1.
*Trochilus mystacinus, Vieill. MSS.

Habitat. Brazil.

Genus CALLIPERIDIA, Reich.

The Calliperidia Angele offers a still further departure from the
true Heliomasters ; for it has even a shorter bill than the last, while
its tail is much more deeply forked. It is by far the finest species
yet discovered. Its entire body is clothed in glittering colours, and

14]

the bird itself must be seen and examined to obtain an idea of its
beauty. The female, on the other hand, has the under surface of
the body smoky grey, differing in this respect from all the others.

293. CaLLIPERIDIA ANGELA.
. Heliomaster Angele . . . . . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXII.

Ornismya Angele, Less.
_ Heliomaster angela, Bonap.
*Calliperidia Angelae, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 12.
*Calliphlox Angelae, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 10.
*Ornithomyia angela, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 251.

Habitat. Buenos Ayres and Tucuman.

A single specimen of a Humming-Bird, somewhat allied to the last
genus, was killed by M. Warszewicz on the sides of the Volcano of
Chiriqui. It possesses so many remarkable characters that I was
obliged, without a moment’s hesitation, to assign to it a new generic
appellation, that of Oreopyra. Unfortunately the specimen was so
much injured by shot that I had much difficulty in giving a correct
delineation of it.

Genus Orropyra, Gould.
(Opos, mons, et wip, ignis.).
Generic characters.
Male.— Bill longer than the head, straight, or very slightly arched ;
wings long and rigid; ¢ail moderately long and forked; ¢arsé
clothed ; feet rather small ; gorget snow-white.

294. Ornropyra LEeucaspis, Gould . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXIV.
Habitat. Volcano of Chiriqui, 9000 to 10,000 feet (Warszewicz.)

So different are the three birds found on the island of Juan Fer-
nandez, that it would not involve a great stretch of impropriety to
assign to each of them a separate generic appellation ; I shall, how-
ever, retain them all under the name of Hustephanus. On an exa-
mination of the plates of the three species it will be seen how re-
markably they differ in size, colour, and markings. I consider it a
very singular fact connected with the family of Humming-Birds, that
three species should be found on an island so distant from the main-
land, and that two of them should be confined to this isolated spot,
surrounded as it is by the wide waters of the Pacific Ocean.

Genus Euvstepuanus, Reichenb.

095. EusrepHanus Gatertrus . . ~ Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXV.
Trochilus galeritus, Mol., Lath., Buff., Sonn., Vieill.
Mellisuga Kingu, Vig.
Ornismya sephanoides, Less. et Garn.
Trochilus sephanoides, Jard.

142

Trochilus forficatus, Gould.
—_——— flammifrons, Lyell.
Mellisuga galerita, Gray & Mitch.
Sephanoides galerita, Bonap.
*Sephanoides Kingi, Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, p. 19.
* Hustephanus galeritus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 11; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 76.

Habitat.. Chili and Juan Fernandez.
«‘ Found about Valparaiso in abundance in the months of August,

September, and October.”’—Bridges in Proc. of Zool. Soc. part. xi.
p- 115.

296. Eusreruanus Sroxest . . . - Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXVI.
Trochilus Stokesi, King, Less., Jard.
Mellisuga Stokesi, Gray & Mitch.
Sephanoides stokesi, Bonap.
*Thaumaste Stokesii, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 12.
*Eustephanus Stokesi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 75.

Habitat. Juan Fernandez.
997, EustepHANUS Fernanvensts . Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXVII.

Trochilus Fernandensis, King.
Ornismya cinnamomea, Gerv.
Robinson, Less.

Mellisuga Fernandensis, Gray & Mitch,
Sephanoides fernandensis, Bonap.
*Eustephanus Fernandensis, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 14; Id.
Troch. Enum. p. 11; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii. p. 76.

Habitat. Juan Fernandez.

The

Genus Poxotama, Reichend.,

is composed of two Andean species, distinguished by their sombre
colouring ; for although both have a luminous gular patch, and one
of them a glittering mark on the centre of the crown, the brilliancy
of these markings is not so great as usual, and their tails are coloured
unlike those of any other group.

298. PomoLama RuBINOipES. . . Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXVIII.

Trochilus rubinoides, Bourc. et Muls.
Mellisuga rubinotdes, Bonap.
Heliomaster rubinotdes, Bonap.
Clytolema rubinoides, Bonap.
Phaiolaima rubinoides, Reichenb.
*Heliodoxa rubinoides, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 743.
figs. 4704-5.
Habitat. New Granada. Frequently sent to Europe from Bogota.

143

299. Puoxotama AiQuaToRIALis, Gould Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXIX.

Pheolema rubinoides, Sclat.
equatorialis, Gould, Sclat.

Habitat. Ecuador.

Genus Errocnemis, Reichenb.

The conspicuous tufts of feathers with which the legs of the
Eriocnemides are clothed is a feature both novel and peculiar; and
as it is not to be foundin any other group of birds, they are thereby
rendered especially singular. In some these powder-puff-like deco-
rations are white, in others brown and white, and in one jet black.
All the species are confined to that portion of the Andes which is
bounded on the north by New Granada, and on the south by
Bolivia.

It is not to be supposed that the minor distinctive characters which
exist among the many species of this group should have passed un-
noticed by ornithologists; on the contrary, they have attracted the
notice of more than one writer, and the birds which were all for-
merly included in the genus Eriopus or Eriocnemis have received
the subgeneric titles of Hngyete, Threptria, Phemonoé, Aline,
Luciania, Mosqueria, Derbyomia, &c.,—a tolerable division for the
genus first established by me in 184:7, under the name of Eriopus. I
shall now give my own views on the subject, and point out those
which I consider to be natural divisions. The first, then, is the well-

known Z. cupreiventris, with which I associate the &. Lsaacsoni, the

E. Luciani and the EH. Mosquera. In all these the sexes are alike
in colour. The next division comprises &. vestita and E. nigrivestis,
as they both have a brilliant patch of feathers on the throat and
the lower part of the back and the upper tail-coverts, exceedingly
luminous; and their females are somewhat different and less brilliant
in colour. The &. Godini and FE. J’ Orbignyi form another little
section; but we really know so little respecting these species, that
nothing can be said with certainty as to their females. The black-
puffed £. Derb*anus stands alone, and a rare and very beautiful
bird it is. The #. Aline is distinguished from all the rest by the
glittering green of its face and under surface; it is by far the smallest
species of the genus, while it has the largest puffs; and the female,
although bearing a general resemblance to the male, is far less
brilliant. The members of the next section are very sombre in
their colouring, as will be seen on reference to the plates on which
they are represented: they are E. squamata, E. lugens, and E.
Aurelie. Ornithologists may please themselves about adopting
generic terms for these minute divisions ; but, for myself, I have
kept them all under that of Hriocnemis, and still feel inclined to
do so. They all possess the important character of the puff leg,
and they are remarkably alike as to the amount of this peculiar
ornamentation.
300. ERICCNEMIS CUPREIVENTRIS

Vol. IV. Pls: CCLXX., CCLXXI.

Trochilus cupreiventris, Fras.
L2

144

Ornismya vestita 2, Longuem.
— maniculata, Less. ?

Hylocharis cupreoventris, Gray & Mitch.
Eriopus cupreiventris, Bonap.

Eriopus simplex, Gould.
Eriocnemis simplex, Gould, Bonap., Reichenb.

* Phemonoé cupriventris, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 9.
* Friocnemis cupriventris, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 729,

figs. 4668-69.
* Friocnemis cupreiventris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p.73.

Habitat. The Andes in New Granada.

I now believe that the bird I have called Eriocnemis simplex is
merely a dark variety of the Z. eupreiventris. Such varieties do now
and then occur with other species of the family; the cause I can-
not attempt to explain.

801. Ertocnemis IsAAcsoni Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXXII.

Ornysmia Isaacsoni, Parz.

Hylocharis Isaacsoni, Gray & Mitch.

Eriocnemys isaacsoni, Bonap.

Phemonoé Isaacsoni, Reichenb.
*Eriocnemis Isaacsoni, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 761.

fig. 4700.

Halitat. New Granada.

I have never seen any other than the type specimen of this species,
which is now in the Derby Museum at Liverpool.

302. Ertocnemis Luctant .. - - Vol. IV. Pl, CCLXXIII.

Trochilus Luciani, Boure.
Hylocharis Luciani, Gray & Mitch.
Eriopus luciani, Bonap.
T. (Eriopus) Luciani, Jard.
* Phemonoé Luciani, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 9.
*Briocnemis Luciani, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 730.
figs. 4671-72.
_ Habitat. Ecuador; western side of Pichincha at an elevation of
10,000 to 12,000 feet (Jameson).

‘803. Ertocnemis MosquERA . Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXXIV.

Trochilus Mosquera, Boure. et Delatt.

Hylocharis mosquera, Gray & Mitch.

Eriopus mosquera, Bonap.
* Threptria Mosquera, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 9-
*Eriocnemis Mosquera, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p- 6, pl. 728.

figs. 4664-65. 3
Habitat. The neighbourhood of Pasto in New Granada (De-
lattre).

145

304. ERIOCNEMIS VESTITA + > Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXXV.

Ornismya vestita, Longuem., Delatt. et Boure.
Trochilus uropygialis, Fras.
Ornismya glomata, Less.
Hylocharis vestita, Gray & Mitch.
Eriopus vestita, Bonap.
Eriocnemis vestita, Reichenb.
_ Eriocnemys vestitus, Bonap.
* Eriocnemis vestita, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p- 73-
Habitat. The Andes of New Granada. Commonly sent from
Bogota.

305. ERIOCNEMIS NIGRIVESTIS - + + Vol. IV. Pl CCLXXVI.

Trochilus nigrivestis, Boure.

Eriocnemys nigrivestis, Bonap.

Eriocnemis nigrivestis, Reichenb.

T. vestinigra, Verr. MSS. ?

Habitat. Ecuador, environs of Tumbaro ( Boircier).

306. ErtocneMIs GODINI -. + = + Vol. EV. PI. CCLXXVIL.

Trochilus Godini, Bourc.
Eriocnemys godini, Bonap.
Erioenemis Godini, Reichenb.

Habitat. Ecuador.

307. ErtocNeMIs D’ORBIGNYI - + Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXXVIIL

Trochilus D’ Orbignyi, Boure.
Phemonoé D’ Orbignyi, Reichenb.
Eriocnemis D’ Orbignyi, Reichenb.
Eriocnemys orbigny?, Bonap.
Habitat. Peru or Bolivia.

308. ERIOCNEMIS DeRBIANA. .- ~- Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXXIX.

Trochilus Derbyi, Delatt. et Boure.
Eriopus Derbyi, Gould. ,
derby, Bonap.
Eriocnemys derbyanus, Bonap.
Treptria Derbyi, Reichenb.
*Briocnemis Derbyi, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 728. figs.
4666-67 and pl. 741. figs. 4698-99. 3

Habitat. Volcano of Puracé in New Granada (Delattre).
Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXXX.

g09. ERIOCNEMIS ALINE . + + + °

Ornismyia Aline, Boure.
Ornismya Aline, Boure.
Hylocharis Aline, Gray & Mitch.
Eriopus aline, Bonap.

Engyete Aline, Reichenb.
Eriocnemys alina, Bonap.

146,

* Trochilus dasypus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.
*Eriocnemis Alinae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 73.

Habitat. The hilly parts of New Granada.

310. ERIocNEMIS SQUAMATA, Gould . Vol. IV. Pl. CCLXXXI.
Habitat. Ecuador.

311. ERIocNEMIS LUGENS, Gould . . Vol. 1V. Pl. CCLXXXII.

Eriopus lugens, Gould.
Eriocnemys lugens, Bonap.
* Threptria lugens, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 9.
*Eriocnemis lugens, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 6, pl. 740. figs.
4695-96.

Habitat. Ecuador; western side of Pichincha (Jameson).

It is just possible that this may prove to be the female of Z. squa-
mata; for I have received many specimens from Professor Jameson
with wholly white puffs, which is the characteristic of the E. lugens ;
while from another locality one has been sent with partly white and
partly red puffs: independently of the difference in the colouring of
the puffs, the latter birds are larger than the former.

19° Tenickunis Ateneo rel WERE Reeth.

Trochilus Aurelie, Boure.
Hylocharis Aurelia, Gray & Mitch.
Eriopus aurelia, Bonap.
Eriocnemys aurelie, Bonap.
Eriocnemis Aurelie, Reichenb.

Habitat. New Granada and Ecuador.

Specimens from the Napo differ considerably from those received
from Bogota,—a deep coppery hue pervading both the upper and
under surface, whereas those parts are green in the Bogotan birds.
I have seen specimens which I consider may be females or young
of this species with wholly white puffs.

Proceeding from Mexico, southwards, through the high lands of
the temperate regions of Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Veragua, we
there find several species of the well-defined genus Cyanomyia
which do not pass the Isthmus of Panama, while others occur in New
Granada, Ecuador, and Peru. I have not yet seen any species of
this form from Brazil or from any of the eastern portions of the
South American continent. They are all very lovely birds, the
colours with which they are adorned being blue, glittering green,
and white, to which the red bills of one or two of them offer a
pleasing contrast. The females, although generally resembling the
males, are inferior to them in size and colouring. With these birds
I commence the fifth volume.

147
Genus Cyanomyta, Bonap.

313. CYANOMYIA QUADRICOLOR «- + Vol. VY. PL CCE MASSAY.

’ Trochilus quadricolor, Vieill. —
Polytmus quadricolor, Gray & Mitch.
Cyanomyia quadricolor, Bonap.
Uranomitra quadricolor, Reichenb.
- * Ornismya eyanocephala, Less. Supp. des Ois.-mou. p. 132, pl.17.
* Trochilus verticals, Licht. Preis-Verz. Mexican. Thier. ges. V-
Deppe & Schiede (Sept. 1830), Nos. 27, 28.
* Cyanomyia verticalis, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 254.
* Agyrtria quadricolor, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 761. figs.
4°758-59. ‘
* Uranomitra guadricolor, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 41.

Habitat. Northern Mexico.

814. CyaNoMyIA vioLicers, Gould . Vol. V. Pl. CCLXXXV.

* Uranomitra violiceps, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 41,
note.

Habitat. Western Mexico.

315. CYANOMYIA CYANOCEPHALA. . Vol. V. Pl. CCLXXXVI.
* Ornismya cyanocephala, Less. Supp. des Ois.-mou. p. 134, pl. 18.
* Polytmus verticalis, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 109.

Polytmus, sp. 86.

*? Uranomitra cyanocephala, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 10.

* Cyanomyia cyanocephala, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,
p. 254; Montes de Oca, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1860,
p- 80.

* Agyrtria Faustine, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 760. figs.
4756-57.

* Agyrtria cyanocephala, Reichenb. ib. p. 7, pl. 760s figs. 4754-55.

* Uranomitra Lessoni, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iit. p. 41.

Habitat. Southern Mexico.

“ This Humming-Bird,” says M. Montes de Oca, “is generaily
known by the name of Chupa-mirto comun de peche blanco, or Com-

mon White-breasted Myrtle-sucker. It is found very abundantly —

and at all seasons of the year in the vicinity of Jalapa, Coatepec,
Orizaba, and many other places in Mexico, where it remains all
the year round, and I have often found its nest in the months of
April and May.

« This pretty little bird is very familiar and unsuspicious, will allow
of a near approach in the woods, and is a constant visitor of the
gardens of the towns and cities. Like the fine Campylopterus
Delattrei, it frequents the magapan flowers, around which it may
be seen at all hours of the day.

“The nest of this species, like those of nearly all the Humming-
Birds of this part of Mexico (Jalapa), is lined with the tull silky
floss; and is most ingeniously covered on the outside with moss

148

from the rocks. The eggs are generally two in number, but upon
one occasion I found three in a nest.”

In my account of this species, I have stated that it was found in
Guatemala as well as Mexico; and although this may be the case, I
believe the latter country to be its true habitat. Guatemalan differ
from Mexican specimens in the colouring of the tail-feathers ; in the
latter they are olive-green, in the former rich bronzy-green. Under
these circumstances I cannot regard them as identical, I must there-
fore give the Guatemalan bird a distinctive appellation :—

316. CyaNnomy1A GUATEMALENSIS, Gould.
Cyanomyia cyanocephala, Salvin in Ibis, vol. ii. p. 39.
Habitat. Guatemala.

“ About Duefas,” says Mr. Salvin, ‘‘ this is an abundant species.
It frequents the shrubby forest, feeding principally among the
flowers of a tree which abounds there. This tree, which grows to
a height of about 20 or 30 feet, bears clusters of white flowers, and
has its branches and stem covered with spines, which sting when
touched. Its bark also, wher bruised, emits a milky fluid, which
blisters the skin if any be allowed to remain upon it. The bird,
when taking its food from this tree, places itself ia front of a bunch
of the flowers, and hovers opposite, at a distance of about two or
three inches. On perceiving the object of its search, it darts in,
and seizing whatever that may be, insect or honey, returns to its
position in front of the cluster. So it passes on from blossom to
blossom, and in like manner from cluster to cluster, until the whole
tree is thoroughly ransacked. Humming-Birds do not remain long
on the wing at once, but rest, frequently choosing for that purpose
a small dead or leafless twig at the top or just within the branches
of the tree. While in this position they take the opportunity of
trimming their feathers and cleaning their bill, all the time keeping
up an incessant jerking of their wings and tail. When this opera-
tion has been performed, they peer about for fresh flowers at which
to dart. The cry of the present species is somewhat represented by
the word ‘chirik’ uttered frequently and with great rapidity.
This cry seems common to all the family; and it is only from an
intimate acquaintance that one can trace a difference between the
species. When they are flying from one place to another, or pur-
suing each other, this cry is especially used, and in the latter case
it is uttered with great vehemence. The humming sound from
which these birds take their trivial name is something like that
produced by a large beetle; but very little practice will soon so
accustom the ear that it seldom mistakes the unseen presence of a
Humming-Bird for anything else.”—J0zs, vol. i. p. 127.

‘< Last year, in a cypress tree near the house at Duejias, a pair of
these birds built their nest. This year I found a branch of the
same tree similarly tenanted, the new nest being only a few yards
from the site of the old one. To obtain it, I was obliged to cut
away the branch; and though, in falling, the nest was quite thrown
on its side, the eggs, much to my surprise, did not fall out; this I

149

afterwards found was owing to the lip of the nest turning inwards.
Another pair commenced building near the house ; and the male
bird frequently came while 1 was preparing skins in the corridor, |
and took pieces of cotton almost from my hand. In the afternoon
of August 14 my friend Mr. Wyld observing it making a descent
upon some small object in his room, shut the window and called me..
The intruder, who was wearied from fluttering against the window,
suffered itself to be caught. In a very few moments its agitation
ceased, and it seemed to be taking advantage of its comfortable
place in my hand to rest from its fatigues, making no attempt to
escape. Before letting it go I procured a piece of sugar, and, after
dipping it in water, put it to the tip of its bill. Almost immediately
its long tongue was employed in sucking up the liquid. On libe-
rating it, it lew to a tree close at hand, and seemed to take no
further notice of its late captivity.” Salvin in Ibis, vol. ii. p. 39.

317. CyANoMYIA FRANCIZ£ .

Trochilus Francie, Boure.
Uranomitra Francie, Reichenb.
Cyanomyia francia, Bonap., Sclat.
Polytmus Francie, Gray & Mitch.

*Agyrtria Francie, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 761. figs.

4760-61.
* Trochilus hypoleucus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.
* Uranomitra Francie, Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. Theil iii, p. 41.

Habitat. New Granada.

Vol. V. Pl. CCLXXXVIU.

318. CYANOMYIA GYANICOLLIS, Gould Vol. V. Pl. CCLXXXVII.
Trochilus (———?) eyanocollis, Gould.
Uranomitra cyanicollis, Reichenb.
Cyanomyia cyanicollis, Bonap.
* Agyrtria cyanicollis, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7.
* Uranomitra cyanicollis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 41,
note.

Habitat. Peru.

Nearly allied to Cyanomyta is the

Genus Hemisti1LBon, Gould.
(‘Hpt-, semi, et oriAPwr, micans. )

Generic characters.

Male.—Biil longer than the head and straight ; wings moderately
long and considerably curved ; taal rather short and truncate; tarsi
clothed ; feet rather small; find toe shorter than the middle toe;
nails short and curved.

Although I have placed this genus next to Cyanomyia, I consider
that it has some relationship to the Amazilia.

150

319. HemistTitpon Ocat, Gould.
Amazilia Ocai, Gould . . . . . Vol. V. Pl. CCLXXXIX.

*Pyrrhophaena Ocai, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil. iii. p- 36,
note.

Habitat. Mexico.

This beautiful species was discovered by M. Rafael Montes de
Oca at Xalapa.

In this genus I provisionally place the Trochilus Norrisi, of
which a single specimen exists in the Loddigesian collection, but
unfortunately is so situated that I could not subject it to so careful
an examination as I could have desired.

-320. HemistTitpon Norrist.

* Trochilus Norrisii, Boure. Proc. of Zool. Soe. part xv. p. 47.

*Polytmus Norrisi, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 108 ;
Polyimus, sp. 71.

*Amazilia Norrisii, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p- 10; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 8.

*Amazilius Norrisi, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 254.

*Pyrrhophaena Norrisi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p: 36,
note.

Habitat. Bolanos in Central Mexico.

At present only one species is known of the

Genus Leucirrus, Bonap. ;
but I am inclined to believe that other birds of this form exist; in-
deed I have all but positive evidence that such is the case, in a
specimen killed by M. Warszewicz in Peru, which for the present I
decline describing, as it may possibly be only a female of some un-
known species, the male of which will be differently coloured.

321. Leuciprtus CHiONOGASTER. . . . . Vol. V. Pl. CCXC,

Trochilus leucogaster, Tschudi.
Lampornis chionogaster, Tschudi.
Polyimus chionogaster, Gray & Mitch.
Leucippus turneri, Bonap.
Lhaumatias leucogaster, Bonap.
Lrochilus Turneri, Boure.
ae ( ?) hypoleucus, Gould.
Polytmus hypoleucus, Gray & Mitch.
Thaumantias chionogaster, Bonap.
Leucippus Turneri, Reichenb.
*Leucippus chionogaster, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. ie Sh.
Habitat. Peru and Bolivia.

Genus Levéocutoris, Reichend.

This is another form of which a singlé species only has yet been
discovered.

151

329. LEUCOCHLORIS ALBICOLLIS + + + ° Vol. V. Pl. CCXCI.

Trochilus albicollis, Vieill., Temm., Less., Jard.
Ornismya albicollis, Less.
Lampornis albicollis, Less.
Basilinna albicollis, Less.
Colibri albigularis, Spix.
Polytmus albicollis, Gray & Mitch.
~ Thaumatias albicolls, Bonap.
Thaumantias albicollis, Bonap.
Leucochloris albicollis, Reichenb.
* Trochilus vulgaris, Wied, Beit. iv. p- 72.
*Leucippus albicollis, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl. 782-
figs. 4818-19.
* Agyrtria albicollis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 32.
*Thaumatias albicollis, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 342.

Habitat. Brazil; and Tucuman, according to Dr. Burmeister.
This isa very pretty species, distinguished by its green and white
plumage. The sexes are alike in external appearance.

The genus Thawmatias, as proposed by Bonaparte and adopted
by me, comprises many species respecting which much confusion
exists, especially with regard to the names applied to them by the
older authors; some confusion, also, occurs with respect to the species

I have called Thaumatias Linnei, which I fear cannot be satisfac- ©

torily unravelled. If it should be decided that it is not the bird
Bonaparte intended, I trust it will be allowed to stand as the
“ Thaumatias Linnei, Gould, nec Bonap.” The other synonyms
may or may not be applicable to it, but they are given on the au-

_ thority of M. Bourcier of Paris. ‘This is another of those instances
which unfortunately occur too frequently for the advantage of
science ; I mean the impossibility of determining the species in-
tended in the curt descriptions left us by Gmelin and others of Tobact
or Tobagensis, Ourissia, cum multis aliis.

Genus THaumatias, Bonap.

The species of this form are natives of Brazil, the banks of the
Rivers Amazon and Napo, the Guianas, the Island of Trinidad,

Venezuela, New Granada, and Central America. The sexes Ot:

each species are alike in colour. If any difference be observable, it
is in the outer tail-feathers of the female being faintly tipped with
olive-grey.
693. THAUMATIAS CANDIDUS + + © + + Vol. V. Pl. CCXCII.
Trochilus candidus, Boure. et Muls.
Polytmus candidus, Gray & Mitch.
Thaumatias candidus, Bonap. :
* Agyrtria candida, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 33, note.
Habitat. Guatemala and Southern Mexico.

Mr. Salvin states that this species is “common on the Atlantic
coast-region, about Yzabal, and thence one day’s ride into the

152

interior. Very abundant about Coban. Many species of Humming-
Birds in Guatemala extend through a great range of temperature,
the same species being frequently found both in the coast regions
and also in the more elevated districts.” Mr. Taylor saw very few
examples of this bird in Honduras.

324, THAUMATIAS CHIONOPECTUS, Gould Vol. V. Pl. CCXCIII.
* Agyrtria niveipectus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p.33, note.
Habitat. Trinidad, Cayenne, and Guiana.

325. THAUMATIAS LEUCOGASTER . . . Vol. V. Pl. CCXCIV.
Trochilus leucogaster, Gmel., Lath., Vieill.
Mellisuga cayanensis, ventre albo, Briss.
_ Agyrtria leucogastra, Reichenb.
Thaumantias leucogaster, Bonap.
Ornismya albirostris, Less.
*Cynanthus leucogaster, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii.
p- 149. ,
* Trochilus mellisugus, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii.. p. 343.
* Agyrtria leucogastra, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii, p- 34.
* Trochilus Cleopatra, Gould, MS.
Habitat. North-eastern Brazil, Cayenne, and the Guianas.

326. THAUMATIAS VIRIDICEPS, Gould . . Vol. V. Pl. CCXCV.
Habitat. Ecuador.

327. THaumatias Mitter1. . . . . Vol. V. Pl. CCXCVI.
Trochilus Milleri, Lodd., Boure.
Polytmus Milleri, Gray & Mitch.
Thaumatias Milleri, Bonap.
Agyrtria Milleri, Reichenb.
Thaumantias Milleri, Bonap.

*Agyrtria Miller, Cab. et Hein. in Mus. Hein. Theil iii, p. 33, note.
Habitat. New Granada. Common in the neighbourhood of
Bogota.

328. THAUMATIAS NITIDIFRONS, Gould Vol. V. Pl. CCXCVII.

Habitat. Unknown: supposed to be Venezuela,

329. ‘THAUMATIAS CHRULEICEPS, Gould.

Thaumatias ceruleiceps, Gould in Proc. Zool. Soc. part xxviii.
ps. 207%

Habitat. New Granada. Received from Bogota.

330. THAUMATIAS BREVIROSTRIS . . Vol. V. Pl. CCXCVIII.

Ornismya brevirostris, Less.
Basilinna brevirostris, Less.
Polytmus brevirostris, Gray & Mitch.
Thaumatias brevirostris, Bonap.
Lhaumantias brevirostris, Bonap.

BES

Agyrtria brevirostris, Reichenb.
* Trochilus versicolor, “ Licht,” Nord. Erm. Reis. Atl. pp. 3, 27,

ae On ee oe
*Hylocharis versicolor, Gray &. Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i.
p. 115; Hylocharis, sp. 45, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i.

p. 74; Hylocharis, sp. 9.

+ Agyrtria versicolor, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 10; Id. Troch.

Enum. p. 7, pl. 759. figs. 475

0-51.

-* Thaumantias versicolor, Bovap-

Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,

p. 250.
* Agyrtria brevirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 34.
Habitat. South-eastern Brazil.

331. THAUMATIAS AFFINIS, Gould Vol. V. Pl. CCXCIX.

* Agyrtria affinis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 33, note.

Habitat. Southern Brazil; the districts of Novo Friburgo and
Minas Geraes.

332, THAUMATIAS CHIONURUS, Gould Vol. V. Pl. CCC

Trochilus ( Thaumatias 2) chionura, Gould.
*Leucippus chionurus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col, p. 11; Id.
Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl. 780. figs. 4813-15.
*Thaumantias chionurus, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,

p- 255.
* Agyrtria chionura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ili. p. 32, note.

Habitat. Costa Rica.

333. THAUMATIAS ALBIVENTRIS ellide

Trochilus tephrocephalus, Vieill.
Ornismya tephrocephalus, Less.
— albiventris, Less:

Polytmus thaumatias, Gray & Mitch.

Coeligena tephrocephala, Reich.

Agyritria albwentris, Reich.

Thaumatias albiventris, Bonap.

Thaumantias albiventris, Bonap.
* Trochilus albiventris, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humm. Birds, vol. ii. p. 141.
* Agyrtria albiventris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 32.

Vol, V. Pl. CCCI.

Habitat. Brazil, the neighbourhood of Sta. Catharina (Boureier).

This, the largest species of the genus, has the centre of the ab-
domen and the under tail-coverts white.

334. THAUMATIAS Linnai, Bonap. og, ig Vor V. Pl CCCIE

Thaumantias linnei, Bonap.
Trochilus Tobaci, Gwel.

___——_ Tobagensis, Lath.
maculatus, Aud. et Vieill. ?
__— Tobago, Shaw rt

Ornismy4 viridissima, Less.

154

*Trochilus viridissimus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol ii.
p- 149.
* Trochilus viridipectus, Sauc. in Mus. Berol. et Heinean.
* Saucerottia viridipectus, Reichenb. Autz. der Col. p. 7.
*Agyrtria Thaumantias, Reichenb. Troch. Enum, p. 7, pl. 756.
tigs. 4738-39.
* Chlorestes viridipectus, Reich. Troch. Enum, p, 4, pl. 702. fiys.
4573-75.
*Hylocharis lactea, fem., Reich. Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl. 772. fig.
4792.
* Coeligena Maugei, fem. (1!!), Reichenb. in Mus. of Berlin (Cabanis).
* Agyriria maculata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 33.
Habitat. Northern Brazil, Cayenne, Dutch and British Guiana,
Trinidad, and Venezuela.
This bird is much smaller than the last, has less white on the ab-
domen, and the under tail-coverts tinged with grey.
I think it likely that pl. 62 of Lesson’s ‘ Histoire Naturelle des
Oiseaux-monches’ has reference to this species, and the text to the
T. albiventris.

335. THAUMATIAS FLUVIATILIS, Gould.

Habitat. Banks of the River Napo.

In size this bird rather exceeds the last, and has a more than pro-
portionately longer bill; the breast is glittering deep or grass green

instead of golden green, and there is a narrow irregular streak of
greyish white on the abdomen; but the great difference which di-
stinguishes it from the 7’. Linnai and the rest is the colouring of the
under tail-coverts, the centres of which are dark brown margined
with greyish white; the tail-feathers are short and of a nearly uni-
form dull black.

Total length 4 inches, bill 25%, wing 1, tail 14.

336. THAUMATIAS APICALIS, Gould.
Habitat. New Granada.

About the same size as the last, with an equally lengthened bill ;
the. upper surface golden green; the centre of the abdomen and
under tail-coverts pure white; the four outer tail-feathers steel-
black margined with pure white at the tip.

Total length 33 inches, bill I, wing 24, tail 12.

337. THAUMATIAS MACULICAUDUS, Gould.
Ffabitat. British Guiana.

This is a very little species with a long thin bill; its breast is
green as in the others ; the centre of its abdomen white ; the under
tail-coverts white, except in the centre, where they are dark brown ;
but the great difference is in the tail, which is exceedingly pretty,
the two centre feathers being bronzy green, except at the extreme
tip, which is greenish black, the next on each side bronze for haif
their length, then black ; the three outer ones on each side bronzy

155

green at their base, then broadly zoned with black, next to which
they are green, and lastly white.

Total length 32 inches, bill 4, wing 2, tail 14.

A specimen of this bird was brought from Guiana by Sir Robert
Schomburgk; and in all probability the species is an inhabitant of
the interior.

The five preceding species are all very nearly alike, and form a
minor section; they are confined to a comparatively limited area.
The remaining members of the genus are more widely distributed,
one of them inhabiting Guatemala and Costa Rica, and two or three
Veragua, while the others frequent Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas,
and Brazil; but as each of the species has its proper habitat indi-
cated, it will be unnecessary to say more on the subject here. The
females are very similar to the males in colour, except in the case of
the rare species I have called 7. chionurus, where the two sexes
differ considerably, as may be seen on reference to the plate in which
they are represented. 5

The group of Humming-Birds to which I next direct attention
comprise the genera Amazilia, Pyrrhophena, Erythronota, Euphe-
rusa, Saucerottia, Sapphironia, Hylocharis, and others, ranging be-
tween the Amazilie and the little green species forming the genus
Chlorostilbon. These birds are the least understood of the Trochi-
lide, and are certainly the most difficult and perplexing to discrimi-
nate of the entire family. I will, however, do my best to unravel
the confusion with which they are surrounded, and to place both the
genera and species in as clear a light as my experience enables me.
‘To do this effectively it will be necessary to replace some of the
species in the genera from which they have been separated, and to
propose a further subdivision of the remainder. In so doing it must
not be understood that I am desirous of increasing the number of
genera ; I merely wish to indicate by a distinctive appellation the
sections into which the birds appear to be naturally divided. To
particularize the provinces of South America over which the mem-
bers of the various genera are distributed would be useless ; for their
dispersion may be said to be general, as they are found from Mexico
to Bolivia on the western coast, and from Brazil to Venezuela on the
eastern; few of the species, however, go very far either north or south,
and still fewer are found in the West India Islands. The members
of the genus Amaczilia, as restricted, are all of somewhat large size,
and are easily recognized, each of them having well-marked charac-
ters. There is but little difference in the outward appearance of the
sexes. The equatorial regions of the Andes are their head-quarters ;
and it is there that we find the A. pristena, the A. alticola, the A.
Dumerili, and the A. leucophea. ‘These four species, I consider,
form a very natural section.

Genus AmMazitia, Reichenb.

998. AMAZILIA PRISTINA + + + s+ ¢ 5 Vol. V. Pl. CCCIIL.
Orthorhynchus Amazili, Less.

156

Ornismya Amazili, Less.
Polytmus Amazili, Gray & Mitch.
Trochilus (Lampornis) Amazilia, Tschudi.
Amazilius latirostris, Bonap.
Amazilia latirostris, Reich.
*Phaéthornis Amazilt, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii.
Me ae
eB aon Amazilia, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p- 35.

Habitat. The neighbourhood of Lima in Peru.

339. AMAZILIA ALTICOLA, Gould. . . . Vol. V. Pl. CCCIV.

Habitat. The high lands of Central Peru; the precise locality
uncertain.

340. Amazitia Dumenita . . « , + « Volk V. Pl. CCCV:

Ornismya Dumerilii, Less.

Trochilus amazicula, Saue.

Amazilia Amazilicula, Reich.

Polytmus Dumerilii, Gray & Mitch.

Amazilia Dumerilii, Reich.

Amazilius dumerili, Bonap.

*Pyrrhophaena Dumerili, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii.
p. 36, note.

Habitat. Ecuador, on the coast in the neighbourhood of Guaya-
quil, and on the Isle of Puna. Found also at Babahoyo by
Mr. Fraser, who states that the bill is red with a black tip.

341. AMAZILIA LEUCOPHEA, Reichenb. . . Vol. V. Pl. CCCVI.

Amazilia leucophoea, Reichenb.
* Pyrrhophaena leucophaea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p- 35.

Habitat. Southern Peru. Collected in the vicinity of the Volcano
of Arequipa by M. Warszewicz.

I retain Dr. Cabanis’s generic term Pyrrhophena for the ten
succeeding species :—

342. PyRRHOPHENA CINNAMOMEA.
aeszi lia dorallirostiis se 45 ee el PO we

Trochilus corallirostris, Boure. et Muls.
Polytmus corallirostris, Gray & Miteh.
Amazilius corallirostris, Bonap.
Amazilia corallirostris, Reich.
—*Ornismya cinnamomea, Less. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 175.
*Ornismya rutila, Delatt. L’Echo du Monde Savant, No.45 Juin
15, 1843, col. 1069.
* Pyrrhophaena corallirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. p. 35, note.

Habitat. Central America.
“This species,” says Mr. Salvin, “seems to be an inhabitant of

157

the hot sea-bord only, and does not extend its vertical range to a
greater elevation than 2000 feet. In such regions on the Pacific
coast it is very abundant, and is, in fact, the commonest of the
family—in some parts almost swarming. In every village numbers
may be seen flitting about the blossoms of the orange and lime trees.
Its horizontal range appears to be extensive, and may be said to
include the whole of the southern portion of Guatemala, from the
confines of Chiapas to the State of San Salvador, and probably also
embraces the Balsam Coast of that republic, as Captain Taylor
obtained examples on Tigré Island in the Bay of Fonseca. ’—Jbis,
vol. i. p. 130.

“It is common about San Gerénimo; but seems not to be found
in the colder and more elevated portions of the republic, neither
oceurring at Duefias nor Coban. A nest with two young and the
hen bird was brought to me Dec. 6th; the young were half-grown,
and would have flown in about ten days. My specimens show that,
as far as the feathers are concerned, the sexes are alike. A difference,
however, exists in the bill,—that of the male having much more of
the brilliant colour from which the species takes its name, in the
upper mandible. In the young bird the upper mandible is black.” —
Ibis, vol. ii. pp. 268, 269.

Mr. Taylor, speaking of the birds observed by him in the Republic
of Honduras, &e., says, “ This Humming-Bird is the only one I ob-
served in any numbers, and that only in certain localities. There
were some in Tigré Island, and I saw them here and there on our
march across the country. I found them most abundant near
Comayagua, 1900 feet above the sea. They were very plentiful on
the plain near the town, and not far from the Campo Santo, where
the ground was tolerably open and the cactus grew abundantly.
There I observed hundreds hovering about the flowers of the
cactus.”—JIbis, vol. ii. p. 115.

343. PyRRHOPHEZNA YUCATANENSIS.
Amacilix Vucammenew 40 235. + 6 Vol. V~- Pl. CCCVIII.
Trochilus Yucatanensis, Cabot.

_ Habitat. Yucatan.

344. PyRRHOPHENA CERVINIVENTRIS, Gould.
Amazilia cerviniventris, Gould . . . . Vol. V. Pl. CCCIX.

* Pyrrhophaena cerviniventris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii.
p- 36, note.

Habitat. Mexico. In the neighbourhood of Cordova, according
to M. Sallé.

345. PyRRHOPHENA CASTANEIVENTRIS.

Amazilia castaneiventris, Gould . . + - Vol. V. Pl. CCCX..

Amazilius castaneiventris, Gould.
Habitat. New Granada.

158

346. PyRRHOPHHNA RIEFFERI.
Ajmazilia Rieflert: <>. wlan ee ee VO Ve Pe Coe AR

Trochilus Riefferi, Bourc.
Amazilius riefferi, Bonap., Sclat.
Amazilia Riefferi, Reich., Sclat., Salv.
Polytmus Riefferi, Gray & Mitch.
Trochilus Dubusii, Boure.
Amazilia Pata Reich.
Amazilius dubusi, Bonap., Sclat.
Trochilus fuscicaudatus, Fras.
Hylocharis fuscicaudatus, Gray & Mitch.
*Ornismya amazili, Delatt. Echo. du Monde Savant, No. 45,
Juin 15, 1843, col. 1069.
* Trochilus arsinoides, Sauc. in Mus. of Berlin.
eh iipheaia Riefferi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 36.
Dubusi, Cab. et Hein. Ib. p. 36.
z suavis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 36,
note.

ffabitat. Southern Mexico, Guatemala, and along the Andes to
Ecuador.

Nearly thirty specimens are now before me from these various
countries, among them M. Bourcier’s type specimen of Dubusi,
also specimens collected by Warszewicz in Costa Rica; and I see

nothing to induce a belief that there is any specific difference
between those found in Mexico, Guayaquil in Eeuador, or in any
of the intermediate countries. I admit that differences occur both
in size and in the fringing of the outer tail-feathers: generally
speaking, they are darker in the Costa Rican and New Granadian
specimens; but I have some quite as bronzy from those countries as
the generality of specimens found in Honduras and Guatemala.
These latter are the birds to which the term Dubusi has been ap-
plied.

347. PyRRHOPHA/NA BERYLLINA.
Amazilia beryllina . . . . . » - Vol. V. Pl. CCCXII.

Trochilus beryllinus, Licht.

Ornismya Arsinoé, Less.

Cynanthus Arsinoé, Jard.

Polytinus Arsinoé, Gray & Mitch.
Amazilius arsinoé, Bonap.

Amazilia Arsinoé, Reich.
Pyrrhophaena beryllina, Cab. et Hein.

Habitat. Southern Mexico. M. Botta found it at Orizaba, and
M. Sallé at Cordova.
348. PyrruopHm@na DevILLet.
Amazilia Devillei . . . ya ev VOW Ph COGKHI.
Trochilus Devillei, Bourc., Gas & Mitch.

Amazilia Devillei, Reich.
Amazilius devillei, Bonap.
Trochilus Marie, Boure.?
Hylocharis marie, Gray & Mitch., Bonap.
Smaragdites Mariae, Reich.
* Saucerottia maria, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p- 255 ?
Chlorestes Mariae, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 695. fig.
; 4549.
* Panychlora Mariae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 49, note.
Amazilia Dumerili, Salv. Ibis, vol. ii. p. 270.

Habitat. Guatemala.

Speaking of this species, which by some inadvertence he has
called Dumerili instead of Devillei, Mr. Salvin says, “ During the
months of July, August, and September, one of its most favourite
resorts was the western boundary of the Llafio of Duefas, which,
starting from the village and bounded to the eastward by the river
Guacalate, extends, sweeping by the Volcan de Fuego, almost to the
Hacienda of Capertillo, its southern extremity. Dispersed all over
this plain is found, in groves, patches, and isolated trees, a ite
Convolvulus, bearing a white flower, and attaining an average
height of about 25 or 30 feet. During the above months this
elegant species might be seen in almost every tree, some feeding
among the flowers, some settled quietly on a dead branch, uttering
their low, plaintive, hardly to be called musical, yet certainly
cheering song, others less peacefully occupied in a war of expulsion,
driving out by vehement cries and more effectual blows the tenant
of a tree, which in its turn wreaks vengeance on some weaker or
unexpectant antagonist.” —Ibis, vol. ii. p. 270.

349, PyRRHOPHENA VIRIDIGASTER.
Amazilia viridigaster . 29... « «Vol. V. Pl. CCCXIV.

Trochilus viridigaster, Boure.

Hylocharis viridigaster, Bonap., Gray & Mitch.

Saucerottia viridiventris, Reichenb.

_—. viridigastra, Bonap., Sclat.

* Chlorestes viridiventris, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 699.
figs. 4564-65.

* Hemithylaca viridiventris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 38.

Habitat. New Granada. Common in the neighbourhood of
Bogota.

350. PyRRHOPHENA IODURA.

Trochilus iodurus, Sauc. in Mus. Hein.
* Saucerottia iodura, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 8.
* Chlorestes todurus, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 698. figs. ae
4560-61.
* Hemithylaca iodura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 39.
* [rochilus Aglaie, Boure. Ann. Soe. Sci. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, fl -
1846, p- 399? Id. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 318? ih

mM 2 Ny

160

Polytmus, sp.73 ?

*Amazilius aglaie, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p- 71, Ama-
2ztlius, sp. 11?

* Saucerottia Aglaiae, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p- 8?

* Chlorestes Aglaiae, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p- 4?

*Hemithylaca Aglaiae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 38,
note?

Habitat. New Granada?

The specimen named iodura in the Museum of M. Heine at
Halberstadt is different from the bird so called in the Museum at
Berlin. The former has a glittering crown and light-lilac shining
tail-feathers; while the latter has a dull-coloured crown, and the tail
so nearly resembling that of P. viridigaster, that I have no doubt of
its being a young bird, or a female of that species. On the other
hand, I think M. Heine’s bird is a distinct species, and I have there-
fore retained it under the term iodura.

*Polytmus Aglaie, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 109,

351. PYRRHOPH#NA CYANURA.
Amazilia cyanura, Gould. . . . . . Vol. V. Pl. CCCXV.
* Hemithylaca cyanura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. p- 38, note.
Habitat. Pacific side of Nicaragua ; Realjo ?

The E£rythronote are nearly allied to the Pyrrhopheng. As in

that genus, the sexes are alike in their colouring. The species are
much more circumscribed in their habitat, being almost confined to
Venezuela and the countries immediately adjoining.

The oldest-known species, which I have called antiqua, appears
to be subject to much variation in its colour and markings ; but, as
I stated in my account of that species, I have questioned the pro-
priety of their separation until we are better acquainted with them.

Genus ERYTHRONOTA, Gould.
(’EpvOpes, ruber, et ywros, dorsum.)

Generic characters.

Male.—Bill tonger than the head, nearly straight or very slightly
curved; wings moderately long; dail rather short and slightly
forked ; tarsi clothed ; hind-toe rather shorter than the middle one ;
claws short; throat and chest lively green.

Female. Similar in colour.

352. ERYTHRONOTA ANTIQUA . . . .. Vol. V. Pl. CCCXVI.

Ornismya erythronotos, Less.
erythronotus, Less.
Polytmus erythronotus, Gray & Mitch.
Saucerottia erythronota, Bonap., Reich.

Trochilus erythronotus, Jard.

161

* Cynanthus erythronotus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii.
p- 148.

*Chlorestes erythronotus, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 799.
figs. 4562-63. ae

* Hemithylaca erythronota, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 37.

Habitat. Trinidad, Tobago, and Venezuela.

The birds from Tobago are very much larger than those from ;

‘Trinidad ; and some of the specimens from Venezuela have the under
tail-coverts wholly chestnut; I should have considered this indica-
tive of another species, had I not found a similar variation in speci-
mens from Trinidad.

353. Eryruronota Fericim . . « » Vol. V. Pl. CCCXVIL.

Ornismya Felicia, Less.
Saucerottia Feliciae, Reichenb.
felicia, Bonap.
Chlorestes Feliciae, Reichenb.
Hemithylaca Feliciae, Cab. et Hein:
Trochilus Emile.

Habitat. Venezuela.

Piru rtereae ene

The O. Felicie is admitted by the Frericli Trochilidists to be di- ‘
stinect from O. antiqua, and as such [ have kept it; at the same i
time it is extremely difficult to distinguish one from the other. In °

size they are as near alike as possible; but the former has a bluer tail,
and the back and upper surface destitute of the fiery red colouring
observable in many specimens, but not in all, of the O. antiqua; the
under tail-coverts, too, are frequently stained with violet.

I have a specimen of this bird, presented to me by M. Emile

Parzudaki, of Paris, with the ndme of Emile attached. The bird
was killed by him during his visit to South America.

354. ERyTHRONOTA Epwarpr . . . Vol. V. Pl. GCCGKV Ti.
Trochilus Edward, Delatt. et Boure.
Polytmus Edwardsii, Gray & Mitch.
Amazilius edward, Bonap.
Thaumantias edward, Bonap.
Saucerottia Edwardsii, Reich. ;
*Chlorestes Edwardsii, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 698.
figs. 4558-60.
* Hemithylaca Edwardi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 37,
note.

Habitat. Panama, Costa Rica, and Veragua.

I have specimens of this bird killed by Mr. Bridges near David, at
an elevation of from 8000 to 10,000 feet, according to the label
attached.

355. ERYTHRONOTA NIVEIVENTRIS, Gould Vol. V. Pl. CCCXIX,
Trochilus (—— i) niveoventer, Gould.

162

Thaumantias niveiventer, Bonap.
Saucerottia niveiventer, Reich.
*Chlorestes niveiventris, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 700.
figs. 4566-67.
*Hemithylaca niveiventris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii.
ore te

Habitat. Panama and Veragua.

856. ERYTHRONOTA ELEGANS, Gould . . Vol. V. Pl. CCCXX.
Erythronota elegans, Gould, Proc. of Zool. Soc. pt. xxviii. p. 307.
Habitat. Unknown.

This is a very elegant species, and quite distinct from every other
known Humming-Bird. In its glittering light-green crown, throat,
and chest it looks like a Chlorostilbon; but the form of its tail and
some other characters ally it to the Hrythronote, with which I have
provisionally placed it.

The next natural section is that of Saucerottia, of which I am
acquainted with three species distinguished from the Hrythronote
by their larger size, stouter bills, and by their more uniform dark-
green colouring. All are confined to a comparatively limited area—
namely, Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, and the northern parts of
New Granada.

Genus SaucerottTiA, Gonap.

357. SAUCEROTTIA TyPicA, Bonap.
Erythronota Saucerottei. . . . . . Vol. V. Pl. CCCXXI.

Trochilus Saucerottii, Boure. et Delatt.
Polyimus Saucerottii, Gray & Mitch.
Saucerottia typica, Bonap.

Chlorestes typicus, Reichenb.
Hemithylaca Saucerottet, Cab. et Hein.

Habitat. New Granada.

358. SAuCEROTTIA SoPHIA.
Erythronota Sophie. . . . . . ~- Vol. V. Pl. CCCXXII.
’ Trochilus Sophie, Boure.. °\-
Polytmus Sophia, Gray & Mitch.
| Amazilius sophie, Bonap. ae
Saucerottia Sophiae, Reich.
sophie, Sclat.
sophia, Bonap.
Chlorestes Sophiae, Reich.
Trochilus ( ?) caligatus, Gould.
Hemithylaca Sophiae, Cab. et Hein.
Hoffmanni, Cab. et Hein.

Habitat. Costa Rica, Veragua, and New Granada.

163

359. SAUCEROTTIA WARSZEWICZI.
*Hemithylaca Warszewiczi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii.
p. 38.
Habitat. Banks of the River Magdalena.

As the S. Sophie differs from the S. typica in the richer blue
colouring of its upper and under tail-coverts and tail, so does this
species differ from the S. Sophie in having the tail and its coverts
both above and beneath of a still richer and more violet blue. It is
also of smaller size; and the green of its under surface is different
from that of both, being purer and deeper. The examples in my
collection were obtained by M. Warszewicz on the banks of the
Magdalena.

The bird to which M. Bourcier has given the specific name of
cyantfrons requires separation from the last three species, as much
or more than they do from their predecessors the Erythronote.
M. Cabanis’s generic name of Hemithylaca having been applied to
this group as a whole, subsequently to those of Saucerottia and
Erythronota, | must either place his name in the rank of a synonym
or adopt it for the present species, the only one of this particular
form.

Genus Hemituyraca, Cab.

360. HeMITHYLACA CYANIFRONS.
Saucerottia cyanifrons - - + + + > Vol. V. Pl. CCCXXIII.

Trochilus cyanifrons, Boure.

Polytmus cyanifrons, Gray & Mitch.
Thalurania cyanifrons, Bonap.
Saucerottia cyanifrons, Bonap., Reichenb.
Chlorestes cyanifrons, Reichenb.

* Hemithylaca cyanifrons, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 39.
Yy y' Pp

Habitat. New Granada.

Somewhat allied to the genera Hemithylaca and Erythronota is
the isolated form constituting my genus Eupherusa. The single
species known is a native of Central America. Contrary to what
occurs among the Erythronota, the sexes differ very considerably in

their plumage ; a fact of which I was not aware when my plate of the —

species was executed.
Genus Eupnervusa, Gould.
(Ed, bené, feliciter ; et pépovca, gestans.)

Male.—Bill nearly straight and longer than the head; wing
rather long ; éail rounded ; tarsi clothed; feet small; hind toe rather
shorter than the middle toe.

Female.—Unadorned.

961. EUpHERUSA EXIMIA + + * + + Vol. V. Pl. COCXXIV
Trochilus eximius, Delatt.

164

Saucerottia eximia, Reich., Bonap.
*Amazilia eximia, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl.776. fig. 4802.

Habitat. Guatemala and Honduras?

Mr. Salvin states that “ This is one of the commonest Humming-
Birds of Coban, being found everywhere near the city. The ratio
of the males to the females is as ten to four.”—Jbis, vol. ii. Pecans,

The following is a correct description of the female of this
species :-—

Throat and all the under surface grey; sides of the neck and
upper surface green; primaries purplish brown ; secondaries deep
buff, forming epaulets as in the male, but of lesser size.

The
Genus CurysuROoNIA, Bonap.,

is composed of six species, with pretty, golden tails. The females
of most of them are strikingly different ; for, although they all have
the tail similarly coloured, they are destitute of brilliancy on any
part of the body. All are inhabitants of the Andes in New Granada,
Ecuador, and Peru, with the exception of the C. Hlicie, which in-
habits countries to the northward of Panama.

362. CHrysurontA CGinont. . . . . Vol. V. Pl. CCCKXYV.

Ornismya Oenone, Less., Delatt.

Polytmus GQnone, Gray & Mitch.

Chrysuronia enone, Bonap., Sclat.

-——-—-——.._Jenone, Reichenhs
* Cynanthus Oenone, Jard. Nat. Lib. HummirgBirds, vol. ii. p 149.
* Chrysurisca Oenone, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p- 42.

Habitat. Venezuela and New Granada.

, _ I find no difference between the birds from Venezuela and those
) from the neighbourhood of Bogota, except that the latter have rather
_ longer bills, and the tail-feathers lighter and inclined to green.

" 363. CHRYSURONIA JosEPHINE shan VebsVurbh COCK Bi

Ornismyia Josephine, Boure. et Muls.
Trochilus Josephine, Gray & Mitch.
Chrysuronia Josephinae, Reichenb., Bonap.
*Chrysurisca Josephinae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p- 42,"
note.

Habitat. The upper parts of the River Amazon, where specimens
were procured by Mr. Bates.

I have two specimens of a bird of this form in my collection, one
of which, procured in Paris, is labelled “ O. neera, Less.;” they
differ from every other species I possess. They are much larger
than C. Josephine, and their tails are rich fiery bronze ; their crowns
greenish blue; all the under surface golden green ; the under tail-
coverts fiery bronze like the tail; and the blue of the crown extends

165

further down the neck. I therefore retain the name of neera for this
bird. I have still another bird allied to Josephine, with a longer
wing, a shorter tail, and a somewhat shorter bill; the colour of the
crown is violet or purplish-blue instead of greenish-blue, and the tail,
instead of being rich fiery bronze, is light greenish bronze. I can-
not do otherwise than provisionally name this bird, and I therefore
propose to call it C. eeruleicapilla.

364. CHRYSURONIA NEERA.
Ornysmia neera, Less. Delatt. et Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 18.

Habitat. Unknown.

265. CHRYSURONIA CHRULEICAPILLA, Gould.
Habitat. Unknown.

366. CurysuroniA Humsotpt1 . . Vol. V. Pl. CCCXXVIL.

Trochilus Humboldti, Bourc. et Muls.
Chrysuronia Humboldti, Reichenb., Bonap.
*Chrysurisca Humboldti, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 42,

note.

Habitat. The banks of the River Miva in the province of Esme- |

raldas in Ecuador.

367. CurysuronIA Evicim. . . ~ Vol. V. Pl. CCCXXVIII.

Trochilus Elicia, Bourc. et Muls.

Polytmus Elicia, Gray & Mitch.

Chrysuronia elicia, Bonap.

—_—— —— Hliciae, Reichenb., Bonap.
* Chrysurisca Eliciae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 42.

Habitat. Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Veragua.

368. CurysURONIA CHRYsURA . . .. Vol. V. Pl. CCCXXIX.

Ornismya chrysura, Less.
Chrysuronia chrysura, Bonap., Reichenb.
Polytmus chrysura, Gray & Mitch. | .
* Phaéthornis? chrysurus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii.
pe oz.
* Chrysurisca chrysura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 42,
note.

Habitat. Peru.

Rich and conspicuous blue is the prevailing tint in the genera
Eucephala and Hylocharis, which may be considered as truly
Brazilian, since most of the species are natives of that country,
almost the only exception being the E. Gray, which is found in the
Andes. ‘There is scarcely any section of the Trochilidz less under-
stood or more difficult to discriminate tian the next six or eight

species.

166
Genus EucerpHaLa, Reichenb.

369. Eucepnata Grayi. . . . . + Vol. V. Pl. CCCXXX.
Trochilus Grayi, Delatt. et Boure.
Hylocharis Grayti, Gray & Mitch., Bonap.
Eucephala Grayi, Reichenb.
Sapphironia grayi, Bonap.
*Hucephala Grrayi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p, 43.
Habitat. Said to be Popayan in New Granada.

This is the largest species of the genus, and a very rare bird.

370. EUCEPHALA SMARAGDO-CERULEA, Gould.
Vol. V. Pl. CCCXXXI.

Augasma smaragdineum, Gould.
Habitat. Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro towards the interior.

371. PuCHPRALA CHLOROCEPHALA. . Vol. V. Pl. CCCX XXII.

Hylocharis chlorocephala, Boure.

— chlorocephalus, Bonap.
Agyriria chlorocephala, Reichenb.
Lepidopyga chlorocephala, Cab. et Hein.

Habitat. The environs of Guaranda in Ecuador, according to M.
Bourcier.

372. EUCEPHALA CHRULEO-LAVATA, Gould.

Vol. V. Pl. CCCX XXIII.
Habitat. South-eastern Brazil.

373. EUCEPHALA SCAPULATA, Gould.
Habitat. Supposed to be Cayenne.

Crown of the head, back of the neck, and lower part of the back
very deep dull green; throat and chest glittering greenish blue,
imperceptibly passing into the dull brownish black of the abdomen ;
under tail-coverts brown, with a wash of dull blue in the centre of
each feather; a mark of blue on each side at the insertion of
the wing, forming an indistinct band across the back; upper tail-
coverts bronzy green; tail steely black, rather short for the size of
the bird, and slightly forked; wings deep purplish brown; tarsi
clothed with intermingled greyish-white and brown feathers ; upper
mandible black; basal half of the under mandible fleshy, the apical
half black.

Total length 32 inches, bill , wing 2/5, tail 13.
In the size of its body, it nearly equals the Hucephala ceruleo-
lavata, but it differs from that and every other known species of

this family of birds,

I have only seen a single example of this species.

374. EUCEPHALA HYPOCYANEA, Gould Vol. V. Pl. CCCXXXIV.
Habitat. Unknown, probably Brazil.

167

375. EUCEPHALA CHRULEA + + > ® Vol. V. Pl. CCCXXXV.

Trochilus ceruleus, Vieill.
Ornismya Audeberti, Less., Boure.
Hylocharis cerulea, Gray. ;
— ceruleus, Bonap.
Thaumatias eeruleus, Bonap.
Chlorestes coerulea, Reichenb.
* Chlorestes caeruleus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 46, note.
*Trochilus Audeberti, Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 67.
* Cynanthus ? ceruleus, Sard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii.

p- 147.
* Hylocharis Audeberti, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 349.

Habitat. Eastern and Northern Brazil (Chamicuros, Hauxwell),
the Guianas, Venezuela, Trinidad, and Tobago.

Specimens from all these localities are so much alike that it is |
impossible to consider them otherwise than as one and the same spe- | °
cies; but 1 may remark that those from Venezuela have the blue \

mark on the chin much less apparent than those from Cayenne,
Trinidad, and Eastern Brazil. My Chamicuros specimen also has
this colour but faintly indicated, and the tail somewhat larger.

376. EUCEPHALA CYANOGENYS.

* Trochilus cyanogenys, Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 10; Jard. Nat. Lib.
Humming Birds, vol. ii. p. 89; Burm. Their. Bras. tom. ii.

p- 350.

* Ornismya Wiedii, Less. Supp. Hist. Nat. des Ois.-mou. p. 150,
pl. 26.

*Cynanthus cyanogenys, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii.
p. 148.

* Hylocharis cyanogenys, Gray, Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 115, Hylo-
charis, sp. 40.

* Sauceroitia cyanogenys, Bonap. Gen. Av. tom. i. p. 77, Sauce-
rottia, sp. 3.

+ Hylocharis wiedi, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 255.

* Chlorestes cyanogenys, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 4, pl. 692. figs. 4536-37 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.
Theil iii. p. 46.

Habitat. Brazil.

The single example of this bird procured by Prince Maximilian
of Wied is the only one that has been seen. It is very closely allied
to, but smaller than, Z. cerulea.

Genus Pantrerre, Cab.

This generic name has been proposed by M. Cabanis for the beau-
tiful new bird discovered by Dr. Hoffmann in Costa Rica, of which
I believe only a single example was obtained. Nothing is known
with regard to the colouring of the sexes.

3977, PANTERPE INSIGNIS, Cab... . Vol. V. Pl. CCCXXXVI.
Habitat. Costa Rica.

168

The member or membefs, as the case may be, of the
Genus JutiamyiA, Bonap.,

stand quite alone and apart from all the other small Humming-Birds,
and bear the same relationship to the Eucephale that the Spheno-
proctus Pampa does to the Campylopteri. Some of the specimens of
this form have brilliantly glittering crowns; in others this part of the
head is dull-coloured; while the plumage of the body is alike in all.

These differences have sadly perplexed me for many years; but
after a very careful and minute examination of a great number of
examples from various localities, I believe I shall be right in regard-
ing the brilliantly coronetted bird as distinct from its dull-crowned
ally, and in adopting the name of Feliciana of Lesson, believing that
his description has reference to it.

378. JULIAMYIA TYPICA . . . . « Vol. V. Pl. CCCXXXVIL
Ornismyia Julie, Boure.
Ornismya Julia, Boure.
Hylocharis Julia, Gray & Mitch.
Damophila Julia, Reichenb.
Juliamyia typica, Bonap.
*Coeligena Juliae, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 681. figs.
4494-95, and pl. 763. fig. 4767.
*Damophila Juliae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ili. p. 40.
Habitat. New Granada.

379. JULIAMYIA FELICIANA.

* Ornismya Feliciana, Less. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 433,
*Hylocharis Feliciana, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 114,
Hylocharis, sp. 27.

Habitat. Ecuador.

Mr. Fraser states that at Babahoyo this species is “ hot very
common, and only found in the deep bush, where it feeds on the
tops of good-sized trees,” and that in Esmeraldas it was “taken
catching flies among the Cacao plantations. In October éommon
everywhere ; in December rare.” “ Irides hazel; upper mandible
black ; lower red, with black tip."—Proc. of Zool. Soc. 1860, pp.
283, 296.

The Mexican genus Circe comprehends, as far as our present
knowledge extends, only two species. Although their tails are
somewhat short, they are composed of broad and ample feathers, all
of which are tipped with grey: in this respect they remind us of
the Chlorolampis Caniveti and its allies.

Genus Circe, Gould.
(Kipen, Circe.)
Generic characters.
Male.— Bill rather longer than the head, slightly curved and

169

tapering towards the tip ; wings rather long ; primaries rigid; tail
rather short, and slightly forked, the feathers broad ; éarsz clothed ;
feet small ; hind toe short; throat slightly luminous.

Female.—Very dull in colour.

The six middle tail-feathers of both species are edged with brown,
as in Caniveti.

380. Cimce ratirostris . . . . Vol. V. Pl. COCXXXVIII.

Trochilus latirostris, Swains.
Circe, Boure.

Sapphironia circe, Bonap.

Trochilus Schimperi, Saucer. MS.
* Ornismya Lessoni, Delatt. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 15 (female).
* Trochilus lazulus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.
* Cyanophaia lazula, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 10.
* Hylocharis lazula, Reicheub. Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl. 770. figs.

4783-84.
—_———— Doubledayi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 44,

Habitat. The table-lands of Mexico.

*

My late friend Dr. Saucerotte gave me the type-specimen of his -

Trochilus Schimperi with the name attached, by which means I am
able to state that it is identical with the present bird, and not with
the Trochilus lazulus of Vieillot as supposed by Dr, Reichenbach
(see his Aufz. der Col. p. 21).

381. Circe DousLEpDAYI . « - « + Vol. V. Pl. CCCXXXIX.

Trochilus Doubledayi, Boure.
Thaumatias doubleday?, Bonap.
Cyanophaia Doubledayi, Reichenb,

_ Hylocharis Doubledayi, Gray & Mitch.
Sapphironia doubledayi, Bonap.
Trochilus Lereboulleti, Sauc. MS.

Habitat. Mexico; locality Chimantla, according to Dr, Saucerotte.

Genus PumopTi.ta, Gould.

(ads, obscurus, et z7iAov, pluma, )

Generic characters.

Male.—Bill \onger than the head, fleshy at the base, and slightly
arched ; wings of medium length ; tail the same, and slightly forked ;
feet rather stout; Aind toe and nail shorter than the middle toe and
nail.

389, PHEHOPTILA sorpIDA, Gould . . . Vol. V. Pl. CCCXL.

Cyanomyia? sordida, Gould.
sordida, Sclat.

Uranomitra sordida, Cab. et Hein.
Habitat. Oaxaca in Mexico.

170

There is a specimen in the Loddigesian collection which appears
to be distinct from this bird; without figuring I will give a descrip-
tion, and propose for it the name of Pheoptila zonura.

383. PHmopTiLa zoNURA, Gould.

Habitat. Bolanos in Mexico.

This bird, which is rather smaller and more delicately formed than
P. obscura, has all the upper surface dull bronzy green; a stripe of
greyish white over each eye; ear-coverts dusky; wings purplish
brown; two centre tail-feathers bronzy green; the remainder
bronzy green, crossed near the extremity with a broad band of
blackish brown, beyond which the tips are greyish brown; all the
under surface grey. ;

The single species of the
Genus DamopuiLa, Reichenb.,

stands quite alone, no second member of the form having yet been
discovered. Its native country is the Andes of New Granada and
Ecuador, from both of which localities specimens are now before
me. Those procured by Mr. Fraser in Esmeraldas differ a little from
the specimens commonly sent in collections from Bogota, in having
the centre of the throat greyish brown instead of black, and the two
centre tail-feathers reddish purple instead of bronzy green; they must
not, however, I think, be regarded as other than local varieties. Mr.
Fraser’s specimens appear not to be fully adult.

384. DAMOPHILA AMABILIS, Gould. . . Vol. V. Pl. CCCXLI.

Trochilus ( ?) amabilis, Gould.
Damophila amabilis, Reichenb.
Juliamyia amabilis, Bonap.
*Coeligena amabilis, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pl. 681. figs.
4496-97.
* Damophila amabilis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iti. p. 40.

Habitat. New Granada and Ecuador.

I am not quite certain that we are acquainted with the true female
of this bird, but I believe my representation of that sex to be cor-
rect; if so, the sexes are very dissimilar in colouring, and in this
respect are closely allied to the Hueephale..

Boié, one of the most philosophical of modern ornithologists, pro-
posed the generic term of Hylocharis for the Trochilus sapphirinus
of Gmelin ; and I have much pleasure in adopting this name, as well
as several others proposed by him. The

Genus Hytocuaris, Boié,

is composed of three species, all of which are natives of Brazil, to
which country they are mainly confined. They are all very pretty,
if not showy, species; and one of them is among the oldest-known
members of the entire family, as will be seen on reference to the

171

synonyms ; brilliant blue is the prevailing colour of the males, while
the opposite sex is but plainly attired.

385. HyLocHARIS SAPPHIRINA - Vol. V. Pl. CCCXLIL.

Trochilus sapphirinus, Gmel., Lath., Shaw, Jard.
Ornismya sapphirina, Less.
Hylocharis sapphirina, Gray & Mitch.
+ sapphirinus, Bonap. ;
Trochilus fulvifrons, Lath.
* Trochilus sapphirinus, Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn. part ii. p. 5705
Licht. Doubl. p. 14.
. latirostris, Wied, Beit. iv. p. 64.
—*Cynanthus sapphirinus, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. ii.
p- 147.
* Hylocharis latirostris, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 10.
* Sapphironia sapphirina, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,
p. 256.
* Hylocharis sapphirina, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 769.
figs. 4780-82; Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 346 ; Cab. et Hein.

Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 43.
_ Habitat. Brazil.
This species arrives in the neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro in
July, and departs again in November. I have also seen specimens
from Bahia, Para, and other parts on the Lower Amazon.

386. HyLocHARIS LACTEA. + + + + Vol. V. Pl. CCC XLII.

Ornismya sapphirina, Less.
; lactea, Less.
Hylocharis lactea, Gray & Mitch. Bonap.
Cyanochloris lactea, Reich.
Sapphironia lactea, Bonap.
* Trochilus sapphirinus, Wied, Beit. iv. p. 61.
x. /azulinus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.
* Hylocharis lactea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 43, note ;
Reich. Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl. 773. figs. 4788-91.

Habitat. Eastern and Northern Brazil.

387. HyLocHARIS GvANRS COR Ae VOR. Ns Re CCCXLIV.

Trochilus cyaneus, Vieill., Jard.
Ornismya cyanea, Less.

Hylocharis cyanea, Gray & Mitch.
Thaumatias cyaneus, Bonap.

* Trochilus azureus, Licht. Doubl. p. 14.

*Hylocharis cyanea, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 10; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 7, pl. 768. figs. 4777-79; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.
Theil iii. p. 44.

* Ornismyz bicolor, Less. Hist. Nat.des Ois.-mou. p.161, pl. 49, 507?
Id. Traité d’Orn. p. 280?? Id. Les Troch. p. 58, pl. 16? ?

Habitat. Eastern Brazil fiom Rio Janeiro to Bahia, where it is
stationary.

172

Next to Hylocharis I place the two species of the
Genus Sappuironia, Gonap. ;

for although one of them has a glittering green breast, I consider it
to be more nearly allied to that form than to the Chlorostilbontes
and their allies. They are very elegant in form, and I believe that
the females of both species differ very considerably from the males.
I consider this genus to be a very natural one; yet, strange to say,
one of the species (S. ceruleigularis) has a blue breast, while the
other is wholly green.

Both are natives of the Andes—one in Central America, the other
in New Granada.

388. SAPPHIRONIA GoupOTE . + ~- . Vol. V. Pl. CCCXLV.

Trochilus Goudoti, Boure.
Saucerottia goudoti, Bonap,
Polyimus Goudoti, Gray & Mitch.
Chalybura Goudoti, Reichenb.
Hylocharis goudoti, Bonap., Sclat.
*Agyrtria Goudoti, Reichenb, Thoch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 763. figs.
4765-66.
*Lepidopyga Goudoti, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 40,

note.
Habitat. New Granada.

389. SAPPHIRONIA CHRULEIGULARIS, Gould.
Vol. V. Pl. CCCXLVI.

Trochilus (—?) ceruleogularis, Gould.
Duchassaigni, Boure.
Thalurania Celina. Bourc.
Cyanochloris ceruleigularis, Reichenb.
Sapphironia ceruleigularis, Bonap.
Hylocharis (2?) ceruleigularis, Sctat.
*Agyrtria ceruleigularis, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 7, pl. 764.
figs. 4768-69.
* Trochilus cyanomelas, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.
* Cyanophaia caerulescens, “‘ Lodd.,” Reichenb. in Mus. Heinean.
*Hylocharis caerulescens, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 8, pl. 770.
fig. 4785.
*Lepidopyga caeruleigularis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii.
p. 40.

Habitat. Costa Rica and Panama.

I now proceed to the genus

Sporapinus, Bonap.,

the members of which are confined to the West India Islands. They
are very elegant in form, and are of somewhat large size when com-
pared with those which precede and follow them. They have deeply-
forked tails, and the under surfaces of the males are brilliantly co-
loured ; the females, on the other hand, are very sombrely attired.

173

390. SPORADINUS ELEGANS + + * > Vol. V. Pl. CCCXLVILI.

Trochilus elegans, Aud. et Vieill.

Ornismya Swuinsonii, Less.

Hylocharis elegans, Gray & Miteh:

Lampornis elegans, Bonap.

Riccordia elegans, Reichenb.

Sporadinus elegans, Bonap.
*Trochilus Swainsoni, Jard. Nat. Lib. Humm. Birds, vol. ii. p. 88.
* Chlorestes elegans, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 704. f. 4587.
* Sporadinus elegans, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iti. p. 25.

Habitat. The Island of St. Domingo. ©

291. Sporapinus RicorpD!

Orthorhynchus Ricordi, De la Sag.
Ornismya Parzudhaki, Less.
Sporadinus ricordi, Bonap.
Hylocharis Ricordi, Gray & Mitch.
Trochilus ricordi, Gerv., Bonap.
Riccordia Raimondi, Reichenb.
Chlorestes riccordi, Gundl.
* Chlorestes Raimondii, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 704. figs.
4584-86.
* Sporadinus Ricordi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 25, note.

Habitat, The Island of Cuba.

3992. Spornapinus? Maucmir . . . » Vol. V. Pl. CCCXLIX.

Mellisuga Surinamensis pectore ceruleo, Briss.
Trochilus Maugeus, Vieill.
Ornismya Maugeus, Less.
Trochilus Ourissia, auct.°?

Habitat. Porto Rico.

This bird differs somewhat in form from the two preceding spe-
cies, and it may be found necessary to institute a separate genus for
its reception. It is a very rare bird, and the two specimens, male
and female, in the collection at the Jardin des Plantes at Paris are
the only ones I have ever seen. :

Vol. V. Pl. CCCXLVIII.

The little glittering-green Humming-Birds forming the genera
Chlorolampis, Chloristilbon, and Panychlora, are very widely spread
over the temperate and warmer parts of the South American con-
tinent, being found along the whole course of the great Andean
range, from Mexico on the north to Bolivia on the south; they also
inhabit Brazil, Cayenne, the Guianas, Trinidad, and Venezuela,
The sexes differ very considerably in colour in nearly every species.
the males being clothed in a metallic covering, while that of the
females is soft in texture and sombre in hue.

The members of the

Genus CutoroLampls, Cab,,

as restricted by me, are distinguished for their deeply forked tails,
N

174:

most of the feathers of which are singularly tipped with dull grey.
They range over a great part of Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica,
Veragua, and Panama, where they apparently terminate, as I have
never received examples from any part southward of the isthmus.
The finest species of the genus is the C. auriceps, a bird of very
elegant form, and having a deeply forked tail; most nearly allied to
this is the C. Caniveti: both these birds are from Mexico. Follow-
ing these is the little bird I have named C. Osberti, after Mr. Osbert
Salvin; a fourth, from Costa Rica, has been described by Dr. Caba-
nis as C. Salvini, after the same gentleman. Very considerable dif-
ference occurs in the sexes, but more in colour than in form; for the
females have the tail forked like that of the males, but to a much
less extent.

393. CHLOROLAMPIS AURICEPS.
Chlorostilbon auriceps, Gould . . . ~ Vol. V. Pl. CCCL.

Trochilus (— ?) auriceps, Gould.
*Sporadinus auriceps, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,
p. 255.
* Trochilus modestus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin ?
. *Chlorolampis auriceps, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. p. 48, note.

Habitat, Mexico: locality unknown.

394. CHLOROLAMPIS CANIVETI.
Chlorostilhon Caniveti. . . . .».-..« Wel. V, Pl. CCCLI.

Ormismya Canivetii, Less.
Thaumatias caniveti, Bonap.
Riccordia Caniveti, Reichenb.
Sporadinus caniveti, Bonap.
Hylocharis Caniveti, Gray & Mitch.
Chlorostilbon Caniveti, Sclat. & Salv.
*Chlorestis Caniveti, Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 703. figs. 4581-83.
* Chlorolampis Caniveti, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 47,
note.

Habitat. Southern Mexico and Guatemala?

395. CHLOROLAMPIS OszseErtI, Gould. _
Chlorostilbon Osberti, Gould . . .°. Vol. V. Pl. CCCLII.
Habitat. The neighbourhood of Duefias in Guatemala.

396. CHLoRLAMPIS SALvin1, Cab.
Chlorolampis Salvini, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 48.
Habitat. Costa Rica according to Dr. Cabanis.

| The C. Salvini is nearly allied to C. Osberti and to C. Caniveti,
| but I believe it to be distinct from both. The freshly moulted adult
males have their four central tail-feathers tipped with bronzy-green ;

but this colour appears to fade upon exposure to light, leaving the
tail nearly black. { believe this bird is also found at Panama.

175

Genus CuiorostiLson, Gould.
(XAwpds, viridis, et oriABw, corusco.)

Under this generic appellation, for a form of which I always in-
tended the C. prasinus to be the type, I have figured the whole of
the little green Humming-Birds; but I uow see the necessity of
subdividing them; I shall therefore restrict the term to the follow-
ing species—angustipennis, Haeberlint, Phaéthon, aureiveniris, pra-
sinus, Atala, brevicaudatus, Napensis, Peruanus, Daphne, and
chrysogaster, and adopt Dr. Cabanis’s genus Panychlora for Alicia,
euchloris, Poortmanni, and stenura.

397. CHLOROSTILBON ANGUSTIPENNIS . Vol. V. Pl. CCCLIT.

Trochilus angustipennis, Fras.
Hylocharis angustipennis, Gray & Mitch.

Habitat. Panama and New Granada.

398. CHLOROSTILBON HAEBERLINI.

* Chlorolampis chrysogaster, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ii.
p- 47.

* Trochilus Haeberlinii, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.

* Chlorestes Haeberlinii, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 4, pl. 703. fig. 4578-80.

* Chlorolampis Haeberlini, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii.

_~p. 48, note.

Habitat. Carthagena.

I have had the original of C. Haeberlini sent to me from Berlin,
and I find it to be a very elegantly formed bird, nearly allied to,
but quite distinct from, C. angustipennis. It differs in having the
glittering green of the under surface washed with blue, a shorter
wing, and a still more deeply forked tail, the feathers of which are
steely-green, and not so dark as in that species. It is said to be
from Carthagena.

399. CHLOROSTILBON PHAETHON . . + Vol. V. Pl. CCCLIV.

Trochilus Phaéthon, Boure.

Pheton, Gray & Mitch.
Chlorestes Phaéthon, Reich.
Hylocharis phaéton, Bonap.

similis, Bonap.
Chloroiampis Phaéthon, Cab. et Hein.
Trochilus flavifrons, Gould.
metallicus, Gould.

Trochilus similis, Boure.?

Habitat. Bolivia, Southern Brazil, and La Plata.

——

Since writing my account of this species, in which I expressed my
belief that the Ornismyia aureiventris of D’Orbigny and Lafresnaye
was identical with it, I have carefully re-examined my specimens from
the above-named countries, together with an example collected by

N@

i76

Mr. Bridges, and I am now inclined to believe the O. aureiventris tu
be distinct ; but as it merely differs in being of smaller size in all its
admeasurements, it will not be necessary for me to figure it.

400. CHLOROSTILBON AUREIVENTRIS.
Ornismyia aureiventris, D’Orb. et Lafresn.
Hylocharis auretventris, Bonap., Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,
p- 255.
Habitat. Bolivia and Peru.

401. CHLOROSTILBON PRASINUS. . . . Vol. V. Pl. CCCLV.

* Trochilus Pucherani, Boure. et Muls. Rev. Zool. 1848, tom ii.
pei la

*Hylocharis pucherani, Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,
p. 255.

* Chlorestes Pucherani, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 4, pl. 755. fig. 4736.

* Trochilus nitidissimus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.

* Hylocharis prasina, Burm. Th. Bras. tom. ii. p. 350.

* Chlorestes nitidissimus, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p:7; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 4, pl. 693. figs. 4538-39.

* Trochilus lamprus, “ Natt.” in Mus. of Munich.

* Chlorostilbon nitidissimus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii.
p- 47.

*Ornismya Galathea, Bourc. et Muls. in Mus. of Paris.

* Trochilus viridissimus, Linn. in Mus. of Berlin (young).

In my account of this species I stated that, owing to its being
impossible to determine to what bird Lesson had given the name of
prasinus, I should apply it to the one generally known by that
term among collectors—the bird so common in the neighbourhood of
Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geraes, &c. From Dr. Cabanis we learn
that it has been named Trochilus nitidissimus by Lichtenstein in
the Museum of Berlin, and T’rochilus lamprus, Natt. in the Museum
of Munich; but had either of these names been published to the
world before Dr. Cabanis included it in his ‘Museum Heineanum’
under the name of Chlorostilbon nitidissimus? If not, and pra-
sinus be rejected, that term must certainly give place to M. Bour-
cier’s previously published one of Pucherani, which I find, from the
type specimen now before me, was given to a young male of this
species. Refer to my account of this species, and of C. Atala.

402. CHLOROSTILBON IGNEUS, Gould.
Habitat. Supposed to be the neighbourhood of Para.

Crown of the head glittering orange; back of the neck and upper
surface fiery orange, becoming more intense on the wing-coverts ;
throat and chest glittering bluish green, gradually passing into the
fiery orange of the flanks and abdomen; under tail-coverts green,
tinged with orange; wings purplish brown; tail purplish black ; bill
fleshy red at the base, gradually passing into the black of the tip.

177

This bird is about the same size as C. prasenus, but differs from
that species in the fiery colouring above described, and in the tail
being purplish- instead of steel-black.

This is the bird mentioned in my account of C. prasinus as
having been sent to me by Mr. Reeves, of Rio de Janeiro. It is one
of the most beautiful species of the family.

403. CHLOoROSTILBON ATALA - ~~ ~- Vol. V. Pl. CCCLVI.

Ornismya Atala, Less. ?
prasina, Less. ?
Hylocharis atala, Gray & Mitch.
Saucerottia Atala, Reichenb., Bonap.
Trochilus Mellisugus, Linn.
* Chlorestes Atala, Reichenbach, Trochil. Enum. p. 4, pl. 700.
fig. 4568.

Habitat. The Island of Trinidad and Venezuela.

‘I find that Venezuelan specimens differ a little from those of
Trinidad, the green of the upper and under surface being more
golden; still I have no doubt of their being identical.

404. CHLOROSTILBON DAPHNE.
Trochilus Daphne, Bource.

Habitat. Peru.

I consider this to be a distinct species: it is very nearly allied to |
the Cayenne bird C. Atala of this work; but it has a more square |
tail, with the green of the chest strongly tinged with blue. I have

M. Bourcier’s type, which is labelled ‘ Voyage de Castelnau, Pampas
del Sacramento.’

405. Curorostitson Pervanus, Gould.
Habitat. Peru.

Bill black; crown, throat, and all the under surface glittering
oerange-green; upper surface bronzy green; wings brown; tail
purplish black.

Total length 32 inches, bill 3, wing 14, tail 14.

This, one of the black-billed species, has even a more rounded
tail than C. Daphne, from which it differs in its larger size and
in having a longer bill, and especially in the glittering orange-
green colouring of its breast, which in C, Daphne is blue. The
C. chrysogaster has a somewhat forked steely-black tail ; in other
respects the two birds are very similar.

406. CHLOROSTILBON Narensis, Gould.
Habitat. The banks of the River Napo.

This. species is very similar to, but smaller than C. Daphne, has
a still shorter tail, and the blue of the breast not so extended, or
confined to the throat.

178

407. CHLOROSTILBON BREVICAUDATUS, Gould.
Habitat. Cayenne.
This bird is very similar to the C. Atala of Trinidad, has the

-same glittering green-coloured breast, but has a short and more
truncate-formed tail, more so than C. Daphne or C. Napensis.

408. CHLOROSTILBON CHRYSOGASTER.

* Trochilus chrysogaster, Boure. Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. et Nat. Lyon,
1843, p.40; Id. Rev. Zool. 1843, p.101.

* Hylocharis chrysogaster, Gray & Mitch. Gen.of Birds, vol. i. p. 115,
Hylocharis, sp. 43; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. tom. i. p- 74, Hylo-
charis, sp. 2.

* Chlorestes chrysogaster, Reichenb. Aufz.der Col. p.7; Id. Troch.
Enum. p. 4, pl. 693. figs. 4540-41.

*_____. prasinus, feem. Id. ibid. pl.755. fig. 4'°737 ?

* Trochilus puber, Siebold in Mus. Monae. (Cabanis).

*Chlorolampis chrysogastra, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii.
p- 47.

*Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus, Gould in Proce. of Zool. Soc, part
XXVill. p. 308 ?

* Chlorolampis smaragdina, Cab.et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p.48?

* Chlorostilbon atala, Sclat. “ List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser
at Pallatanga,” in Proc. Zool. Soc. part xxvii. p. 145; Id. “ List
of Birds coll. by Mr. Fraser at Puellaro,” in Proc. Zool. Soe.
part xxvili. p. 94.

Habitat. New Granada and Ecuador.

In my description of C. angustipennis I stated that I considered the
Trochtlus chrysogaster of M. Bourcier to be identical with that species;
but I have since more closely investigated the matter, and I now
believe that this opinion was an erroneous one. I also believe that
the C. chrysogaster and my C’. melanorhynchus are one and the same
bird ; for I find little or no difference in the specimens from Panama,
New Granada, and Ecuador. I further think it likely that the C. sma-
ragdina of MM. Cabanis and Heine’s ‘Museum Heineanum’ is also
referable to it.

409. CHLOROSTILBON ASSIMILIS, Lawr.

Chlorostilbon assimilis, Lawr. Ann. of Lyc. of Nat. Hist. in New
York, 1860, p. 292.

Habitat. Panama.

The following is Mr. Lawrence’s description of his C. assimilis
and his remarks on the species :—“ The entire upper plumage is of
bronze or dull golden-green; tail dark steel-blue; wings brownish
purple; under plumage brilliant green, golden on the abdomen,
and on the throat of a bluish green; under tail-coverts grass-
green; a small white spot on the pleura; tibial feathers brown; bill
and feet black.

“Length 3 inches, wing 1}¢, tail 1,4, bill ,%.

7g.

“ This species is somewhat like C. melanorhynchus, Gould (chry-
sogaster), but: is smaller, and the crown is uniform in colour with
the back, not brilliant. The latter species is also more golden
on the abdomen, and has the tail less forked, with the feathers
narrower.” on

410. CHLOROSTILBON NITENS, Lawr.

- Chlorostilbon nitens, Lawr. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York,”

April 22, 1861.
“ Habitat. Venezuela.

“Front and crown golden yellowish-green, very brilliant; back and
wing-coverts shining bronzed green, lower part of back and upper
tail-coverts shining grass-green ; under plumage brilliant green, of
a bluish shade on the throat, and golden on the abdomen; tail steel-
plue and forked ; wings brownish-purple ; tarsi clothed with blackish
feathers; under tail-coverts bright grass-green; upper mandible
black, the under yellowish for two-thirds its length, with the end
black ; feet black. sa

« Length 3 inches, wing 14, tail 14, bill =%. .

vf Allied to C. chrysogaster, but is smaller, and has a very brilliant
crown. ae

Among the smallest of the Trochilide are the members of the

form to which Dr. Cabanis has given the name of Panychlora. They
are all inhabitants of New Granada and Venezuela, and are known

by the specific names of Alicia, euchloris, Poortmanni, and stenura.

They are distinguished by their dull-green colouring, the extreme
shortness of their tails, and by the. great difference in the colouring
of the sexes, - .
a Genus PANYCHLORA, Cab.
~ ‘The members of this genus form a very natural section among the
little green Humming-Birds, very perceptible to those who have paid
attention to this group of birds.

411. PANYCHLORA ALICIA.

Chlorostilbon Aliciee © - - + + > Vol. V. Pl. CCCLVU.

Trochilus Alice, Bourc.
' Smaragdites Alice, Reichenb.

Chlorostilbon alice, Bonap. re cs lel
*Chlorestes Aliciae, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4; pl. 754.

figs. 4732-33. ;

* Trochilus erypturus, Licht. in Mus. of Berlin.
* Panychlora Aliciae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. p. 50, note.
* aurata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 50.
* Smaragdites maculicollis, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p. 7.

* Chlorestes maculicollis, Id. ibid. p. 24; Id. Troch. Enum. p. 4,

pl. 694. figs-4545-46 5 Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil ili. p. 49,

note.
~ Habitat, Venezuela and New Granada.

180

412, PANYCHLORA EUCHLORIS.

Smaragditis euchloris, Reichenb. Aufz. der Col. p.7.
Chlorestes euchloris, Reichenb. ibid. p- 23; Id. Troch. Enum. p-4,
pl. 694. fig. 4544.

Habitat. New Granada ?

There is a specimen in the Berlin Museum with a broken bill. In
size it is rather larger than Alicia, the tail is more forked, and the
two outer feathers more pointed; all the feathers have a purplish
hue, as seen in Poortmanni, and the glittering feathers of the body
are of a dull golden purplish green, as in that species.

413. PANYCHLORA STENURA, Cab.

* Panychlora stenura,Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii, p- 56, note.
* Chlorostilbon acuticaudus, Gould in Proc. Zool. Soe. part xxviii.
p- 308.

Habitat. Merida in New Granada.

This species is fully equal in size to the last, has a more length-
ened bill, and the outer tail-feathers are much more pointed,

414, Panycuiora PoortMANNI.

Chlorostilbon Poortmanni. . . . . Vol. V. Pl. CCCLVIIL
Ornismya Poortmani, Bourc.
Hylocharis Poortmanni, Gray & Mitch., Bonap.
Chlorestes Poortmanni, Reichenb.
Chlorostilbon poortmani, Bonap.
* Ornismya Esmeralda, Less. in Mus. Heinean.
* Smaragditis Esmeralda, Reich. Auz. der Col. prvi
* Chlorostilbon Esmeralda, Reichenb. Troch. Enum. p. 4, pl. 694.
figs. 4549-43.
* Panychlora Poortmanni, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. Theil iii. p. 50.

Habitat. New Granada,

I shall close this account of the little green Humming-Birds with a
description of the extraordinary species sent to me by Mr. Reeves of
Rio de Janeiro, and which I have described in the ‘ Proceedings of
the Zoological Society’ as Calliphlow ? iridescens. Its iridescent
green colouring would indicate that it belongs to this section ; while
its comparatively small wings and short. tail ally it to Calliphioz ;
but as it is not strictly referable to either genus, I propose for it a
separate distinctive appellation, and provisionally placed here the

Genus SmAracpocurysis, Gould.

(Xpdpaydos, smaragdus, et xpicos, aurum.)
Generic characters.
Male,— Bill longer than the head, straight and slender; wings

small, primaries narrow and Tigid ; ¢ail of moderate size and deeply

forked ; tarsi clothed ; feet small; hind-toe and nail nearly as long
as the middle-toe and nail,

18]

415. SMARAGDOCHRYSIS IRIDESCENS, Gould Vol. V. Pl. CCCLIX.

Calliphlox? iridescens, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc. part xxviii.
p- 310.

Habitat. The virgin forests of the interior of Brazil.

Genus Putocopnitus, Gould.
(BALE [proyes], nomen flore, et pidos, amicus. )

Generic characters. ;

Male.—Bill straight; wings ample and rather rounded ; tars¢
long for a Humming-Bird, and bare; ¢aél rather large and rounded ;
hind toe and nail shorter than the middle toe and nail.

The specimen from which the above characters were taken differs
from every other known Humming-Bird in its more lengthened tarsi,
and in the colouring of its rounded tail. The bird, which is imma-
ture, was received from the borders of the River Napo.

416. PHLOGOPHILUS HEMILEUCURUS, Gould Vol. V. Pl. CCCLX.

Phlogophilus hemileucurus, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc. part xxviii.
p. 3L0.

Habitat. The banks of the River Napo?

In placing this bird at the end of my Monograph of the Trochilide,
1 do not wish it to be understood that this is its proper situation. I
cannot imagine what the adult will be like, and consequently cannot
tell to which genus of the family it is allied; but 1 believe, to
Adelomyia.

Note.—In the body of the work, Columbia has been given as the
habitat of many of the species; but in this Introduction, Venezuela,
New Granada, and Ecuador have been substituted, as the case re-
quired, for that more general term, A difference of opinion exists
as to the correct spelling of New Granada,—some considering that it
should be Grenada, and others Granada; the latter has been adopted
in this Introduction, while in the body of the folio work it is usually,
if not always, spelt Grenada.

The Index to the specific names of Humming-Birds comprises
every term of this kind with which I am acquainted. Among them
are some which are not elsewhere mentioned in this Introduction ;
these are the specific appellations occurring in the works of the
older and a few of the more modern authors, which I have found it
quite impossible to ascertain to what birds they have been applied.
It is but fair to state that the Urolampra chloropogon of Cabanis
and Heine, and the Chlorestes tolaimus of Reichenbach, appear
from the descriptions and figures to be good species; but, as I have
not seen the typical examples, [ am unable to speak positively

See een aes at

182

respecting them ; I shall, however, keep the subject of the Hum-
ming-Birds constantly before me, and, when desirable, place my
remarks upon these, and any novelties that may occur, before the
scientific world.

At page 1I'I have stated that the Humming-Birds, like the Swifts,
have ample wings and vast powers. of flight. As this may appear
contradictory to the remarks made on the wing-powers of Selas-
phorus ruber and Trochilus Colubris at p. 6, it will be as well to state,
what I meant to convey is that their ample wings and bony structure
is admirably adapted for sustaining them in the air for a considerable
time, rather than for enabling them to take long flights from one
country to another.

EXPLANATION OF THE ABBREVIATIONS,

AND

LIST OF THE AUTHORS AND WORKS REFERRED TO.

Albin.— Albin, Natural History of Birds.

Aud. Birds of Am.— Audubon, Birds of America.

Aud. Orn. Bio.—Audubon, Ornithological Biography.

Aud. Syn. Birds of Am.—Audubon, Synopsis of the Birds of America.

Aud. et Vieill.—Audebert et Vieillot, Oiseaux dorés, ou a reflets métalliques.

Azara Voy. dans lAmér. Mér. Sonn. edit.—Azara, Voyage dans [ Amérique

méridionale, Sonnini’s edition. te

Banc. Hist. of Guiana.— Bancroft, Natural History of Guiana.
Bodd.—Boddaert, Table de Planches enluminées d’ Histoire Naturelle de M.

D’ Aubenton. 2

Boie, in Oken’s Isis.

Boiss. Mag. de Zool.—Boissoneau, in Magasin de Zoologie.

Boiss. Rev. Zool.—Boissoneau, in Revue Zoologique.

Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av.— Bonaparte, Conspectus Generum Avium.

Bonap. Consp. Troch. in Rev. et Mag. de Zool.— Bonaparte, Conspectus Trochi-
lorum, in Revue et Magasin de Zoologie.

Bonap. Rev. et Mag. de Zool— Bonaparte, in Revue et Magasin de Zoologie.

Bonap. Syn. Birds of U. States.—Bonaparte, Synopsis of the Birds of the United
States.

Bonn. et Vieill.—Bonnaterre and Vieillot, in. Tableau Encyclopédie Méthodique,
Part II. Ornithologie. ,

Borowsk.—Borowski, Vogel.

Boure. Aun. de la Soc. d’Agr. Hist. Nat. etc. de Lyon.—Bourcier,; in Annales de
la Société d@ Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle, etc. de Lyon.

Boure. Ann. Sci. Phys. et Nat.de Lyon.—Bourcier, in Annales des Sciences Phy-
siques et Natwrelles de Lyon.

Bourc. Compt. Rend. de l’Acad. des Sci.—Bourcier, in Comptes Rendus de 0 A-
cadémie des Sciences. :

Boure. in Proc. Zool. Soc.—Bourcier, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society
of London.

Boure. Rev. Zool.—Bourcier, in Revue Zoologique.

Boure. et Muls.—Bourcier e¢ Mulsant, in Revue Zoologique. :

Boure. et Muls. Ann. de la Soc. Sci. de Lyons.—Bourcier and Mulsant, in
Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles de Lyon.

Boure. et Muls. Ann. de I’Acad. Sci. Bell. Lett. et Arts de Lyon.—Bourcier, in
Annales de V Académie des Sciences, Belles-Letires et Arts de Lyon.

Boure. et Muls. Ann. de la Soc. Linn. de Lyon.—Bourcier and Mulsant, in
Annales dela Société Linnéenne de Lyon.

Brandt, Icon. Av. Ross.—Brandt, Descriptiones et Icones Animalium Rossi-
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Bridges, Proc. of Zool. Soc.—Bridges, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society
of London. .

184

Briss. Orn.— Brisson, Ornithologie.

Brown. Nat. Hist. of Jam.—Browne, The Oivil and Natural History of Jamaica.

Bryant, List of Birds seen at the Bahamas.

Buff. Hist. Nat. des Ois—Buffon, Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux.

Buff. Sonn. edit.—Sonnin?’s edit. of Buffon’s Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux.

Buff. Pl. Enl.— Buffon’s Planches Enluminées.

Burm. Th. Bras.—Burmeister, Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasiliens.

Cab. and Cab. et Hein.—Dr. Cabanis and Ferdinand Heine, Museum Heine-~
anum.

Cab. or Cabanis in Rich. Schomb, Reisen in Brit, Guian.—Cabanis, in Schom-
burgk’s Reisen in Britisch Guiana.

Cabot in Proc. of Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist.—Cabot, in the Proceedings of the
Boston Society of Natural History.

Cassin, Ill, Birds of California—Cassin, Illustrations of the Birds of California.

Cuv. Régn. Anim.— Cuvier, Regne Animal.

Darwin, Zool. of Beagle—Darwin, The Zoology of the Voyage of H. M. 8.
Beagle, Part IIL. Birds, by John Gould.

Da Silva, Maia Minerva Brasiliensis.

Delatt. Echo du Monde Savant.—Delattre, in L’ Echo du Monde Savant.

Delatt. in Rev. Zool—Delattre, in Revue Zoologique.

Delatt. et Boure. Rev. Zool.—Delattre and Bourcier, in Revue Zoologique.

Delatt. et Less, Rev. Zool.—Delattre and Lesson, in Revue Zoologique.

De Longuem. Rev. Zool.—De Longuemare, in Revue Zoologique.

Dev. Rev. et Mag. de Zool— Deville, in Revue et Magasin de Zoologie.

D’Orb. Voy. dans ’Amér. Mérid, Ois.—D’ Orbigny, Voyage dans ? Amérique
Meéridionale + Oiseaux.

D’Orb. et Lafres. Syn.—D’ Orbigny et Lafresnaye, Synopsis Avium:

Drapiez, Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat—Drapiez, in Le Dictionnaire Classique d’ His-
toire Naturelle.

Dubus, Esquisses Orn.— Dubus, Esquisses Ornithologiques.

Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat.—Dumont de St. Croix, in Le Dictionnaire des Sciences
Naturelles.

Edwards, Birds, or Nat. Hist. of Birds Edwards, Natural History of uncommon
Birds,

Edw. Glean. or Glean. of Nat. Hist.— Edwards, Gleanings of Natural History,

Ferm. Surinam.—Fermin, Histoire Naturelle de Surinam.

Fras. in Proc. Zool. Soc.—Fraser, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
London. ,

Gambel, Notes on Californian Birds,

Gambel, in Proc. of Acad. Sci. Philad.— Gambel, in the Proceedings of the Aca-
demy of Sciences of Philadelphia.

Gerv. Mag. de Zool.— Gervais, in Le Magasin de Zoologie.

Gmel, Linn, Syst. Nat.—Gmelin’s edition of Linneus’s Systema Nature.

Gosse, Birds of Jamaica.

Gosse, Il. Birds of Jam.— Gosse, Illustrations of the Birds of Jamaica,

Gould, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist—Gould, in the Annals and Magazine of
Natural History.

Gould, in Jard. Contr. to Orn.— Gould, in Jardines Contributions to Ornitho-

logy.

Gould, Proe. Zool. Soc—Gould, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
London. ;

Gould, in Rep. Brit. Assoc.—Gould, in the Report of the British Association.

Gould, Zool. of Beagle.— Gould, in Zoology of the Voyage of H. M. 8. Beagle,

. Part IIL. Birds.
Gray, Cat. of Gen. and Sub-gen. of Birds in Brit. Mus.—G. R. Gray, Cata-
logue of the Genera and Sub-genera of Birds contained in the British

Musewm.

Gray, List of Gen. of Birds.—G. R. Gray, List of the Genera of Birds.

Gray and Mitch.— Gray and Mitchell, The Genera of Birds.

Gundl. . Cab. Journ. fiir Orn.— Gundlach, in Cabanis’s Journal Siir Ornitho-
ogie.

185

Hill, pees Mag. Nat. Hist.—Ail, in the Annals and Magazine of Natural
astory.

Jard. or Jardine in the Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.—Jardine, in the Annals and
Magazine of Natural History. _

Jard. Cont. to Orn.—Jardine, Contributions to Ornithology. :

Jard. Nat. Lib. Humm. Birds.—Jardine, Naturalist’s Library, Humming-Birds.

King in Proc. of Comm. of: Sci. and Corr. of Zool. Soc.—King, in the Proceed-
ings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological
Society of London.

Klein Av. or Aves.—Klein, Historie Avium Prodromus.

Lath. Gen. Hist.—Latham, General History of Birds.

Lath. Gen. Syn.—Latham, General Synopsis of Birds.

Lath. Ind. Orn.—Latham, Index Ornithologicus.

Lawr. in Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York.—Lawrence, in Annals of the Lyceum
of Natural History in New York.

Lembeye, Aves de l’Isle de Cuba.

Léry, Voyage au Brésil.

Tess. Ann. Sci. Nat.—Lesson, in Annales des Sciences Naturelles.

Less. Col.—Lesson, Histoire Naturelle des Colibris.

Less. Echo du Monde Savant.—Lesson, in ? Echo du Monde Savant.

Less. Hist. Nat. des Col.—Lesson, Histoire Naturelle des Cokibris.

Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois.-mou.—Lesson, Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux-mouches.

Less. Ill. Zool.—Lesson, Illustrations de Zoologie.

Less. Ind. Gén. et Syn. des Ois, du Gen. Trochilus.—Lesson, Index Général et
Synoptique des Oiseaux du Genre Trochilus,

Less. Les. Troch.—Lesson, Les Trochilidées.

Less. Man. @’Orn.—Lesson, Manuel @ Ornithologie.

Less. Ois.-mou. Vélins.—Lesson’s unpublished additions to his Histoire Na-
turelle des Oiseaux-mouches.

Less. Rev. Zool:—Lesson, in Revue Zoologique.

Less. Supp. Hist. Nat. des Ois.-mou.—Lesson, Supplément a P Histoire Natu-

relle des Oiseaux-mouches.

Less. Tab. des Esp. des Ois.-mou.—Lesson, Tableau des Espéces des Oiseauc-
mouches.

Less. Traité d’Orn.—Lesson, Traité d Ornithologie.

Less. Voy. de la Coq.—Lesson, in Le Voyage de la Coquille.

Less. et Delatt. Rev. Zool.—Lesson and De Lattre, in Revue Zoologique.

Less. et Garn. Voy. de la Cog,—Lesson and Garnot, in Le Voyage de la Co-

quille.

Licht. Cat. of Birds in Mus. of Berlin.—Lichtenstein, Catalogue of the Birds in
the Museum of Berlin. '

Licht. Ermann. Verz. von Thier. und Pflanz.— Atlas zu Ermann’s Reise wm die
Welt.

Licht. in Mus. Berlin.—Lichtenstein, in the Berlin Museum.

Licht. in Mus. Berol.—Lichtenstein, in the Berlin Museum.

Licht. Preis-Verz. Mexican. Thier. v. Deppe und Schiede—ZLichtenstein, Preis-
Verzeichniss der Thiere und Vogel, welche von Deppe und Schiede in
México gesammelt worden sind.

Licht. Nordm. Erm. Reis. Atl—Atlas zu Ermann’s Reise um die Welt.

Licht. Verz. der Doubl.—Lichtenstein, Verzeichnis der Dubletten des zoologischen
Museums der Kénigl. Universitit zw Berlin.

Linn. Syst. Nat.—Linneus’s Systema Nature.

Lodd.—Loddiges.

Lodd. in Proc. of Comm. of Sci. and Corr. of Zool. Soc.—Loddiges, in the Pro-
ccoedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoolo-
gical Society of London.

Lodd. MSS.—Loddiges’ Manuscripts. .

Longuem. Rev. Zool.—Longuemare, in Revue Zoologique.

Long. et Parz. Rev. Zool.—Longuemare and Parzudaki, in Revue Zoologique,

Martin.— VW. C. L. Martin, A General History of Humming-Birds,

Mol. Hist. of Chilii—Molina, History of Chili,

186

Montes de Oca in Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad.—Montes de Oca, in the Proceedings
of the Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia.

Mus. Carls— Museum Carlsonianum.

Mus. Gotzian. Dresden.— Zhe Gotzian Museum, Dresden.

Natt. in Mus. Vindob.—Watterer, in the Vienna Museum,

Nutt. Man. Orn.— Nuttall, Manual of Ornithology.

Parz. Rev. Zool—Parzudaki, in Revue Zoologique.

Parzudaki, List of the Trochilide.

Pelzeln, Sitz. Acad. Wien.—Pelzeln, in Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Aka-
demie der Wissenschaften.

Penn. Arct. Zool.—Pennant, Arctic Zoology.

Prince Max.—Prince Maximilian zu Wied, Beitriige zur Naturgeschichte von
Brasilien. :

Pr. Max. Trav.—Prince Maximilian’s Travels,

Prinz Maximilian von Wied, Reise nach Brasilien.

Raii.— Ray, in Willughby’s Ornithologia.

Ramon. de la Sagra, Hist. de Cuba.—Ramon de la Sagra, History of Cuba.

Reich. Av. Syst. Nat.—Retchenbach’s Avium Systema Nature,

Reich. and Reichenb. Aufz. der Col.—Reichenbach, Aufzihlung der Colibris oder
Trochilideen, &c., in Cabanis’s Journal fiir Ornithologie.

Reichenb. in Mus. Heinean.—Reichenbach, in Heine's Musewm.

Reichenb. Troch. Enum.—Reichenbach, Trochilinarum Enumeratio.

Sagra, Voy. de Cub.—Ramon de la Sagra, Historia fisica, politica y natural de
la Isla:de Cuba.

Sallé, Liste des Oiseaux.

Sallé, Rev. Zool.—Sallé, in Revue Zoologique.

Salv. in Ibis.—Salvin, in The Ibis.

Salv. in Proc. Zool. Soc.—Salvin, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
London.

’ Salv. and Sclat. in Proc. Zool. Soc.—Salvin and Sclater, in the Proceedings of
the Zoological Society of London. .

Saucerotte in Mus. Heinean.—Saucerotte, in Heine's Museum.

Sauc. or Saucer. MSS.—Saucerotte, MSS.

Schmidt, Vogel.

Schomb. Hist. of Barbadoes.—Sir Richard Schomburgk, History of Barbadoes,

Sclat. Proc. Zool. Soc.—Selater, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
London.

Sclat. and Salv. in Ibis.—Sclater and Salvin, in The Ibis.

Shaw, Gen. Zool.—Shaw’s General Zoology.

Shaw, Mus. Lev. or Leverianum.—Shaw, Museum Leverianum.

Shaw, Nat. Mise.—Shaw, Naturalists’ Miscellany.

Siebold in Mus. Monac.—Sviebold, in the Munich Museum.

Sloane, Jam.—sSir Hans Sloane, History of Jamaica.

Sonn. Giuvres de Buff.—Ciwures de Buffon, édition par Sonnint.

Spalowsk. Vogel—Spalowsky, Vogel. .

Spix, Av. Sp. Nov. Bras.

Spix, Av. Bras.

Steph. Cont. Shaw’s Gen, Zool.—Stephens’s Continuation of Shaw's General
Zoology.

Swains. in fe Phil.— Swainson, in the Annals of Philosophy.

Swains. Birds of Brazil. Swainson, Birds of Brazil.

Swains. Class. of Birds.— Swainson, Classification of Birds, in Lardner’s Cabinet
Cyclopedia.

Swains. in Phil. Mag.— Swainson, in the Philosophical Magazine.

Swains. Syn. Birds of Mexico, in Phil. Mag.—Swatnson’s Synopsis of the Birds of
Mexico, in the Philosophical Magazine.

Swains. Zool. Ill—Swainson, Zoological Mllustrations.

- Swains. Zool. Journ.— Swainson, in the Zoological Journal.

Swains. and Rich. Faun. Bor.-Am.—Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Boreali-
Americana, vol. ti. Birds.

Thévet, les Singularities de la France Antarctique.

Spix, Avium species nove in Itinere per Brasiliam.

187

Temm. Man. d’Orn, 2nde édit.—Zemminck’s Manuel d’ Ornithologie, second
edition.

Temm. in Mus. Leyden.— Temminck, in the Leyden Museum.

Temm. Pl. Col.—Temminck, Planches Coloriées d@ Oiseaux.

Tschudi, Consp. Av.— Tschudi, Conspectus Aviwm.

Tschudi, Faun. Per.— Tschudi, Fauna Peruana.

Turt. edit.— Turton’ s edition of Linneus’s Systema Nature.

Valence. Dict. Sci. Nat.— Valenciennes, in Le Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles.

Verr. MS.—Verreaux’s Manuscripts. :

Vieill. Dict. Sci. Nat.—Vieillot, in Le Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles.

Vieill. Ency. Méth. Orn.— Viedllot, Tableau Encyclopédie Méthodique, Part III.
Ornithologie.

Vieill. Gal. des Ois.— Viedllot, Galerie des Oiseaux.

Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat.—Viedllot, in Le Nouveau Dictionnaire d’ Histoire
Naturelle.

Vieill. Ois. de ? Am. Sept.— Viedllot, Oiseaux de ? Amérique Septentrionale.

Vieill. Ois. chant. des Amér.— Vteillot, Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux chanteurs
de la zone torride.

Vieill. Ois. dor.—Vierllot, Oiseaux dorés ou & reflets métalliques.

Vieill et Bonn.— Bonnaterre and Vieillot, in Tableau Encyclopédie Méthodique,
Part II. Ornithologie.

Vig. in Zool. Journ.—Vigors, in the Zoological Journal.

Voy. de la Vénus.— Voyage de la Vénus.

Willughby.— Willughby, Ornithologia.

Wils. Am. Orn.— Wilson, American Ornithology.

Zool. of Beagle-—The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, Part III. Birds,
by John Gould.

GENERIC AND

Grypus nevius. . .
——Spixi . . 6 .
Eutoxeres Aquila . .
——+Condaminei . .
Glaucis hirsuta. . .
Mazeppa .
affinis . ache
f= lanceplatar, «
—— melanura .
SSSA) onimiie os fA
— Ruckeri

Hraseris 49s .4
Threnctes leucurus
— cervinicauda . .
Antonie

Phaéthornis Eurynome .

-malaris. .
-consobrinus .
——fraterculus . »
longirostris

——— syrmatophorus .
Boliviana . .
—— Philippi . . .
———hispidus 4 . °<
=—-- Oseryi . pene
—— anthophilus ... .
Bourcieri. . .
sae Guyi pe Ae
—— Emilie.
Yaruqui. . .
fees superciliosus Pe
Augusti .« » »
—— squalidus .

Pygmornis Longuemareus

— —Amaura . «+ »
—— Aspasie . +
we ZJONULA s 6 2

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SPECIFIC NAMES ADOPTED.

OF

Page
. . 85 | Pygmornis Adolphi . . .
35 .griseogularis . . .
86 | ——striigularis. . . . -
37 ot ol eee ae aera
388 | ——nigricinctus . .. -
38 | —— Episcopus ets
88 | ——rufiventris, , . ‘
38 ivemita 4 saw oss.
39 | —— pygmea . es +
39 | Eupetomena macroura :
. 89 | Sphenoproctus Pampa . .
39 | ——curvipennis ,. 0
40 | Campylopterus lazulus .
40 1 === hemilencurus, ..5
40 ensipennis, » » + +
. 4l | ——asplendens , eee ag
Al Villavicencio. . ...
42, latipennis , seth cD
42 | —— Aiquatorialis, . . .
42 } ——obscurus . » » » »
42, PRICES = gig ge BV bso as
» 42 hyperythrus . » . -
; 43 | Pheeochroa Cuvieri . . +
43 | —— Robertl . » » « +
43 | Aphantochroa cirrhochloris .
i 43 | ——gularis. . » » «© «
43 | Dolerisca fallax. . - :
. 44 - cervina. ds Bene
44 | Urochroa Bougueri F
. 44 | Sternoclyta cyaneipectus. -
45 | Eugenes fulgens abc
. 45 | Coeligena Clemencie .. .-
45 | Lamprolema Rhami.. . .
< 46 | Delattria Henrici . ak
. 46 - viridipallens . Eiecks
‘i 47 | Heliopedica melanotis . .
..» 47 | ——Xantusl . 2. » |

PO a Se di a

dmpare Pele sey a ee Microchera albocoronata. .
tf ea ce ead pee ate Lophornis ornatus .

Oreotrochilus Chimborazo . . . Gouldi .

PICMNCN s f > Se maittal Se magnificus ,
SCC es te lt ee —— Regulus .
leucopleurus . Ee oa: —— lophotes
melanogaster. . : ‘ —— Delattrei .
ES ire ta eng oe Ny STS Regine.

Lampornis Mango. tee a, Helen :
iridescens. . . . . . . 65 | Polemistria chalybea .
PTEVOS 4 8 4 Sy soa Verreauxi .
Venapionsige ob ay Discura longicauda :

gramineus, « . ‘ ‘ Prymnacantha Popelairei .

meee VITIGIS ges a kt he ; Gouldia Langsdorffi
aurulentus . . —— Conversi .

—virginalis . . .. 2... —— Letitiz

—— porphyrurus. . aT Trochilus Colubris .

Eulampis jugularis . : Alexandri .

——holosericeus . , > Mellisuga minima .

—— chlorolemus, .. . Calypte Coste .
longirostris . . . ; Annee

Lafresnaya flavicaudata . ti Helens
Gayl. 2 2 «4% . Selasphorus rufus

wme SQUID 2 ce scintilla

Doryfera Johanne. . ae ee — Floresii

~— Ludovicie. . platycercus :

rectirostris. . ‘ c Atthis Heloise . . .

Chalybura Buffoni. . ‘ Stellula Calliope :
urochrysea . Gee Calothorax cyanopogon .

ceruleogaster Ce ae pulchra. . . .

——PIsaure . . Acestrura Mulsanti

Lolema frontalis . —— decorata
Schreibersi . PAS Heliodori .

Heliodoxa jacula . Ce a —— micrura

°

Jamesoni . Cheetocercus Rose .
Leadbeatera Otero —— Jourdani .
splendens . Myrtis Fannie .
——prata . . a Yarrelli
Aithurus Polytmus ‘ Thaumastura Corse
Thalurania glaucopis tis Rhodopis vespera .
—— Watertoni. . : Doricha Elize .
= furcata. » . s a Evelyne . .
—— furcatoides Ps enicura . :
forfieata » . 9% wg Trypheena. Duponti ‘
——refuloens . . : : Calliphlox amethystina .
+— Tschudi . : amethystoides
——— nigrofasciata. . ——? Mitchelli
—— venusta . . i Loddigesia mirabilis .
—— Columbica ar : Spathura Underwoodi
——+ verticeps . + . 3 melananthera
—— Fannie . Fee cae —— Peruana
+— Hriphyle . , +— rufocaligata .
——? Wagleri. . A cissiura
Panoplites Jardinei pik Lesbia Gouldi .
- flavescens . 8 gracilis. ,
Mathewsi . ‘ —— Nuna .
Plorisuga mellivora ‘ —— Amaryllis.
“——= flabellifera . —— eucharis
atras . 6 ’ Cynanthus cyanurus .

Cynanthus ceelestis .
‘Mocoa. . ‘
Cometes spargantrus .
Rees ag’ 4 ds
—?Glyteria. . . .
, Gare’ a’
Pterophanes Temmincki .
Agleactis ¢cupripennis
ee" A quatonaliss sj
Pee Da 2 arate
caumatonota. .

—— Castelnaudi « . .°.

smn’ PAM. of ea
Oxypogon Guerini. . .
——'Lindeni’ . ¢ .

e

Ramphomicron heteropogon

eer fe ey
pam VulCAni? x ¢

sonmet Horrani ¢ ¢ iG
eee ruhceps: ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢
microrhynchus . .«
Urosticte Benjamini . «
Metallura cupreicauda’ «
a——eneicauda: .-s «
—Williami . .. .
——Primolii . .. «%
——— tyrianthina et
—— Quitensis. « « .
— smaragdinicollis, .
Adelomyia inornata . .
melanogenys .

——maculata . ¢
_ Avocettinus eurypterus
Avocettula recurvirostris .
Anthocephala floriceps
——P castaneiventris. .
Chrysolampis moschitus .
Orthorhynchus cristatus .
ornatus’ @ 9 #4
eens ORNS 2 7. 88
Cephalepis Delalandi «
Loddigesi : i
Klais Guimeti . « .

Myiabeillia typica .
Heliactin cornuta . ; ‘
Heliothrix auritus; « .
auriculatus : <¢
—— phainolema .
Barrotl’ 3 ¢ 3
= vyiolifrons :
Schistes Geoffroyi «
——personatus
= albigularis . .
Augastes scutatus. . .
— Lumachellus .
Petasophora serrirostris .
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Petasophora thalassina

—— cyanotus .

‘Delphine . .
Polytmus virescens .
‘viridissimus . .
Patagona gigas. .
Docimastes ensiferus .
Kugenia Imperatrix .
Helianthea typica . .
‘Bonapartei .
sits HOS eG
oun Tutetie . + 4

violifera’ ss 2 .
Heliotrypha Parzudaki
viola

Heliangelus Olarisse «
——strophianus + .«
au Spencel’ 2 « .
amethysticollis
— Mavors «

Diphlogeena Iris) «
Aurora # 3
Clytolema rubinea,
P aurescens «
Bourcieria torquata
—~ fulgidigula:
insectivora .
— Conradi « 5
Inca: ¢ #
Lampropygia ceeligena
Boliviana is « «4
purpurea . ¢ i
Prunellei so i
Wilsoni » « 4

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Heliomaster longirostris .

Stuarte «@ « «
—Sclateri « « «
pallidiceps' « «

Constantis «
Leocadiz . .

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Lepidolarynx mesoleucus

Calliperidia Angela .
Oreopyra leucaspiss «
Eustephanus galeritus
Stokesi ete FF
Fernandensis .
Phecoleema rubinoides.
Aiquatorialis . .
Eriocnemis cupreiventris
—— Isaacsoni : «
—— Luciani: «§ .
—— Mosquera; «
—— vestitas « «
—— nigrivestis. .
Godimi.-..,
°

—— D’Orbignyi
Derbiana .
—_ Alinse re
——— squamata .

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Ce SS ee He i; Ss Oe On. Oe OO wm es Oy a ye
i
eS

e e . ° e oe
pt
eal
1

Eriocnemis lugens «
Atrelize
Cyanomyia quadricolor
violiceps
ceyanocephala .
— Guatemalensis
— Francie ;
eyanicollis . .
Hemistilbon Ocai . °.
Norrisi.
Leucippus chionogaster
Leucochloris albicollis |
Thaumatias candidus .
chionopectus. .
—— leucogaster
—— viridiceps .
a Miering oe
—— nitidifrons
—— ceruleiceps
brevirostris
—— affinis ee
—— chionurus .
albiventris
—— Linnei.
fluviatilis .
apicalis. . .
maculicaudus
Amazilia pristna .
alticola.
—— Dumerili .
leucopheea ,

Pyrrhopheena cinnamomea :

- Yucatanensis _
—— cerviniventris
—— castaneiventris
—— Riefferi
—-— beryllina ’,
—— Devillei . .
—— viridigaster .
—— iodura.

eyanura P
Erythronota antiqua .
—— Felicie.

—— Edwardi .

- niveiventris ’.
——— elegans ,
Saucerottia typica .

POphie, 4 9 4
Warszewicz1 .
Hemithylaca cyanifrons .

Eupherusa eximia ,
Chrysuronia (Enone .
Josephine “., + +

Chrysuronia Neera .
ceruleicapilla

—— Humboldti

—— Elicie .

——chrysura . .

Eucephala Grayi
smaragdo-cerulea

— chlorocephala

—— ceruleo-lavata .
scapulata .

—— hypocyanea
cerulea

——— cyanogenys
Panterpe insignis~> .
Juliamyia typica
Feliciana .
Circe latirostris .
—— Doubledayi
Pheoptila sordida .

zonura . ;
Damophila amabilis
Hylocharis sapphirina
lactea . + es
—— cyanea. .
Sapphironia Goudoti .
ceruleigularis .
Sporadinus elegans.
——Ricordi ...
——~ ? Maugei .
Chlorolampis auriceps
Caniveti
Osberti
—-— Salvini.
Chlorostilbon angustipennis
—— Heeberlini
—— Phaéthon .
aureiventris
—-— prasinus
igneus .
—— Atala
—— Daphne
Peruanus .
—— Napensis .
brevicaudatus
—— chrysogaster .
assimilis
nitens . .
Panychlora Alicise
euchlors . < s
stenura . 4 6
—— Poortmanni . .
Smaragdochrysis iridescens .
Phlogophilus hemileucurus .

*
— —

INDEX OF GENERIC NAMES ADOPTED,

Acestrura .
Adelomyia .
Agleactis
Aithurus
Ainazihia — 3° %
Anthocephala .
Aphantochroa .

PACED S es
Augastes ..
Avocettinus

Avocettula .
Bourcieria . .
Calliperidia
Calliphlox . .
Calothorax .
Calypte .
Campylopterus
Cephalepis .
Cheetocercus
Chalybura .
Chlorolampis .
Chlorostilbon .
Chrysolampis .
Chrysuronia
AAEGE ae?
Clytolema .
Celigena .
Cometes
Cyanomyia
Cynanthus .
Damophila .
Delattria
Diphlogena

DIScUia sky

Docimastes
Dolerisca ~
Doricha .
Doryfera ee
Eriocnemis
Erythronota
Eucephala i

Eugenes
Eugenia.
Eulampis
Eupetomena
Eupherusa .

Eustephanus .

Eutoxeres .
Florisuga

Glaucis .

Gouldia .

Grypus. .
Heliactin

Heliangelus
Helianthea .
Heliodoxa .
Heliomaster
Heliopeedica
Heliothrix .
Heliotrypha
Hemistilbon

Hemithylaca

Hylocharis .
Tolema .
Juliamyia .

Klais .

Lafresnaya . E

Lampornis .

Lamprolema :
Lampropygia .

Leadbeatera

Lepidolarynx .

Lesbia
Leucippus .
Leucochloris
Loddigesia .
Lophornis .
Mellisuga
Metallura
Microchera
Myiabeillia .
Myrtis . .

Page
57

. 129

67
5 EY)
. 163
. 141

Oreopyra
Oreotrochilus .
Orthorhynchus
Oxypogon .
Panoplites .
Panterpe .
Panychlora. . .
Patagona
Petasophora
Pheochroa .
Pheeoleema .
Pheoptila .
Phaéthornis
Phlogophilus .
Polemistria .
Polytmus
Prymnacantha
Pterophanes
Py OWIONUS < v= 5
Pyrrhopheena .
Ramphomicron
Rhodopis
Sapphironia
Saucerottia .
Schistes .
Selasphorus
Smaragdochrysis .
Spathura
Sphenoproctus
Sporadinus
Stellula .
Sternoclyta
Thalurania .
Thaumastura .
Thaumatias
Threnetes . .
Topaza .
Trochilus
Tryphena .
Urochroa
Urosticte

aE

INDEX

OF
SPECIFIC NAMES

OF

HUMMING-BIRDS,

[The following is an alphabetical arrangement of all the specific names with

which I am: acquainted ; those appearing in my own work, (and to which —

the numbers refer,) and others which I have not been able to determine to
what species they have been applied. Some of the latter have been assigned
to manufactured specimens, and the descriptions of the others are frequently
so curt and vague that they cannot be identified. |

PAGE
Aboillet - « « « « Moyiaboillia type. 2 5 te ee OHO
abnormis, Natt.. . . Not identified.
acuticaudus . . « . Panychlorastenura . . = «= ». s « 180
Addex « « « « « « Spathura rufocaligata. .. .« » © + 100
.° i Sea | Oveotrochilus Adela. . . . . . . 64
Adolphi . « « & .ygmomis Adelphi. . . ee « «
eeneicauda on
geneicaudus . . . Metallura geneicauda { « « « * « » tb
eeneocauda . .

ABquatorialis . . . Agleactis Alquatorialis . ewe » 106
a 1 ee he he 6. Campylopterus Aiquatorialis . . . 54
eee so + Ue fh ROkemaeomatomals<,.. .. . ees
affnis. . . . . . Thaumatias affinis oT ee pean
BR sg sg i eo GCS ais te + uB8

es va ta >. oJ HAChOMaIS Bupeteiogus. 4.9... ode d®
Agia... >. . . Pymthopheuadodura 7 4. . Be EbO
sibicollis « .« «+ « Ledcochlorivalbicolis . .. . . = . bl
albigularis . . . . Leucochlorisalbicollis . . . .-. . 151
Se Se hoa. OR CHISteRIRIRIO ES. ee See Aes
albirostris. . « « « (haumatiasleucogaster. . . . . . 152

albiventris . . . . Thaumatias albiventris . a , 1583
albocoronata. . . . Microcheraalbocoronata. . . . 82
aibUs-<>< « « * = eamoporitia Mongo.) . ee . 64
Alevandyi- . « + « Trochilusflemmdri. . 2... ie BY
Bae Ro Ps ea 4 a

Be ws } Panyenlora Acie, . . . 6s no LP

Alina .
Aline .
Aline .
Allardi
alticola
amabilis .
Amaryllis
amaura .
amazicula
Amazili .
Amazilia .
amazilicula .

amethysticollis .

amethystina .
amethystinus’
a ae
Anais .
Angela ..
Angele
angustipennis
Anna .
Anne. .
anthophila
anthophilus .
antiqua
Antonie .
apicalis

Aquila
Arsennii .
Arsinoé
arsinoides .
Aspasi .
assimilis .

Atala .

Atale .

ater

atra

atratus
atricapillug .
atrigaster .
atrimentalis .
Audebertii
Audenetii .
Augusta .
Auguste .
Augusti

aurantias, Gel.

aurata .
auratus

196

Eriocnemis Aline .

. Metallura tyrianthina.
- Amazilia alticola

- Damophila amabilis .
- Lesbia Amaryllis

. Pygmornis amaura

- Amazilia Dumerili.

- Amazilia pristina .

. Pyrrhophena Riefferi
. Amazilia pristina .

- Amazilia Dumerili

- Heliangelus amethysticollis

\ Calliphlox amethystina .

- Calliphlox amethystoides
- Petasophora Anais.

- Petasophora cyanotis .

- Petasophora iolata .

- Petasophora thalassina

\ Calliperidia Angele .

- Chlorostilbon angustipennis
\ Calypte Anne .

\ Phaéthornis anthophilus .

- Erythronota antiqua .

- Threnetes Antoniz

- Phaéthornis Guyi .
- Thaumatias apicalis
- Eutoxeres Aquila .

Heliopsedica melanotis

. Pyrrhopheena beryllina .

. Pyrrhophzena Riefferi

. Pygmornis Aspasie

- Chlorostilbon assimilis

. Chlorostilbon Atala

. Chlorostilbon chrysogaster .
. Chlorostilbon Atala

Florisuga atra .

- Lampornis Mango.

. Eulampis holosericeus
. Pygmornis Amaura

.. Eucephala cerulea .

. Polemistria chalybea .

Phaéthornis Augusti .

. Not determined.
. Panychlora Alicie .
. Eulampis jugularis

ww ww eS Aare eophorisornatus:: .
aureiventris . . . . Chlorostilbon aureiventris .
Aurelian . . . «~ . Eriocnemis Aurelix
aureoviridis . . Lampornis viridis.
aurescens .” . Clytolema? aurescens
aureus, Licht, + Clytolema rubinea?,

197

auriceps ...... «. . Chlorolampis auriceps

auriculata
auriculatus .
aurigaster
aurita .
auritus .

Aurora .

aurulenfa. . .

aurulentus
Avocetta .. .
Azaree, Vieill.
azureus
Bahamensis .
Bancrofti .
Barroti. .

Benjamini
Benjaminus .
beryllina .
beryllinus .
bicolor. .

os
°

Rifaroata . Ee

bilobus
bilopha . .-
bilophus . 5
bipartitus, Lach.
Boliviana.

bombilus .
Bonapartei .
Boothi. + «
Bougueri. .
Bourcieri .
brachyrhynchus
‘Brasilianus .
Brasiliensis .

—————
°

é € *
brevicaudatus
brevicaudus .
brevirostris .
bromicolor «
Buffoni -
cerulea
ceruleicapilla
ceeruleiceps «
cexruleigaster .
ceruleigularis
cxruleiventris
ceruleogaster
ceruleogularis
cxeruleo-lavata
csrulescens «
eeruleus . .
caligatus .
Calliope * »*

«

o

°

e

.

eg } Htiothix auriculatus

Eulampis holosericeus
. Helianthea Bonapartei

. Heliothrix auritus .

.. Heliothrix auriculatus
. Eulampis jugularis
. Heliothrix auritus .
. Diphlogena Aurora .

Lampornis aurulentus

. Avocettula recurvirostris .

. Not determined.

. Hylocharis cyaneus

. Doricha Evelyne .

. Eulampis jugularis

. Heliothrix Barroti .
Heliothrix violifrons .

sie | Urostiete Betjamini . ee

} Pyrrhophena beryllina .

. Hylocharis cyaneus
. Thalurania? Wagleri .

bo Wheelie mchanis wise. 6.70 sete

Heliactin cornuta , . pe x

. Cynanthus cyanurus?,

. Lampropygia Boliviana. .

. Phaéthornis Boliviana

. Acestrura Heliodori . . .
. Helianthea Bonapartei

. Calypte Helenx

. Urochroa Bougueri

. Phaéthornis Bourcieri . . .
. Ramphomicron microrhynchus
. Glaucis hirsuta . ee.

. Pygmornis Eremita ... .

. Phaéthornis squalidus .

. Phaéthornis superciliosus. .

- Glaucis hirsuta. teen
. Chlorostilbon brevicaudatus.

. Calliphlox amethystina .

. Thaumatias brevirostris :
Lampornis porphyrurus ,
Chalybura Buffoni. .

. Eucephala cerulea . . .

. Chrysuronia cxruleicapilla .

. Thaumatias ceruleiceps . .

. Chalybura ceruleogaster. . .
Sapphironia ceruleigularis .

e

Chalybura czeruleogaster .

. Sapphironia ceruleigularis .
. Eucephala ceruleo-lavata . .
. Sapphironia ceruleigularis .

. Eucephala cerulea. . . ‘
. Saucerottia Sophie ... .

a
9

« Stellula Calliope . 2 4 3

ee »

198

campestris. . ... . Calliphlox amethystina .
campyloptera . . . Sphenoproctus Pampa
campylopterus . . . Campylopterus latipennis
campylostylus . . . Aphantochroa cirrhochloris .
candida ;
candidus . :
Canivetieno 4; Chlorolampis Caniveti . ,
Capensis, Gmel. . . Not determined.
carbunculus. . . . Chrysolampis moschitus .
Caroli .
Carolus
Cassini . . . . . Trochilus Alexandri A
castaneiventris .. . . Anthocephala? castaneiventris .
- . . « « « Phyrrhophezna castanciventris .
castaneocauda. . .. .. Heliopedica Xantusi . i
castaneoventris . . . Anthocephala? castaneiventris ,
Castelnaudi . A
Castelnaui . . . |} Agleactis Castelnaudi. ,
Castelneaui . ;
Catharine . . . . Mellisuga minima .
caudacutus, Vieill, . Not determined.
caumatonota .
caumatonotus
Cecilie. . . .. . 1 Oreotrochilus Estelle .
cephalatra. . . . . Aithurus polytmus.
cephalus . .. .. .. .. Phaéthornis longirostris .
cervina . . . . . Dolerisca cervina
cervinicauda. .. . . Threnetes cervinicauda
cerviniventris . . . Pyrrhophezna cerviniventris
chalcotis . . . . . Petasophora serrirostris ,
chalybea .
chalybeus . :
Chimborazo . . . . Oreotrochilus Chimborazo
chionogaster. . . . Leucippus chionogaster ,
chionopectus. . . . Thaumatias chionopectus
chionura .
chionurus
chlorocephala
chlorocephalus .
chlorolaema . ‘
chlorolemus, . . Eulampis chlorolamus
chlorolaimus.
chloroleucurus . , | Polytmus virescens . . . . .
chlorolophus. . , , Orthorhynchusexilis. . . ... .,
Urolampra chloropogon, Cab. e¢ Hein.
Not seen.
chrysobronchus. . . Polytmus virescens
chrysochloris . . . Cometes sparganurus . :
chrysogaster. . . . Chlorostilbon chrysogaster ,
Cee Wee er mee . Chlorostilbon Haeberlini
— . . . « . « Helianthea Bonapartei A
chrysogastra. . . . Chlorostilbon chrysogaster .
chrysolopha. . . . Heliactin cornuta .
chrysura .
chrysurus . j
mtg oe ete se 6 Gtypus Spixi
mms ee ve ee 6. Cometes sparganurus .
wwe 6s he 6+ 6g 6 €6Polytmus viridissimus
ciliatus, Lath. MS.. , Not determined.
cinereicollis, Vieil/.. . Not determined.
cinereus . . . . » Campylopterus latipennis . . ,. .

ee
Thaumatias candidus .

} Cometes? Caroli

Agleactis caumatonota

Polemistria chalybea .

} Thaumatias chionurus ,

} Eucephala chlorocephala .

ehloropogon .

Chrysuronia chrysura .

Circe . Moor
cirrhochloris.- .
cirrochloris .
cissiura ,
Glarissa 4 .-
Clarissa . .-
Clarisse
Clemencize
Cleopatra!
ccelestis

celigena .
coelina . ;
coeruleiventris .
collaris
eolubris ,
Colombica
Columbiana .
Columbicus .
concinna, Steph.
Condaminei .
Condamini .
Conradi .
consobrinus .
Constantii . «
Conversii. . .«
conurus, Steph...
te gs ob
Come 2 5,
corallirostris. .
Corinna, Less. .
cornuta
cornutus . »
coruscans . ,
coruscus . . »

Coste .
Qrispa. 2 « +
crispus.
cristata ay
cristatellus . .
cristatus . :
erypturus. . .
cuculliger .
cupreicauda . .

cupreicaudus . |

cupreiventris .
cupreocauda .

einnamomea, . .

ee er ae ee Se

cupreoventris . .

cupricauda .
cupripennis .
cupriventris .
curvipennis . .
Cuvieri

cyanea .
eyaneipectus. .
cyanipectus .
eyanopectus. .
~oyaneus « » %

199

Eustephanus Fernandensis .
. Pyrrhophena cinnamomea .
. Circe latirostris .

Aphantochroa cirrhochloris .

Spathura cissiura . .
Heliangelus Clarisse .

Coeligena Clemencie .

. Thaumatias leucogaster .
. Cynanthus ceelestis .

. Tryphena Duponti . ,
. Lampropygia coeligena

. Sapphironia ceruleigularis ,
. Chalybura ceeruleogaster .
. Selasphorus rufus . . .
- Trochilus colubris .

Thalurania Columbica

. Mellisugus, “ Zinn.” Reichenbach.

Hutoxeres Condaminei

. Bourcieria Conradi ,

. Phaéthornis consobrinus
. Heliomaster Constanti .
. Gouldia Conversi. «. .«
. Not determined.

Thaumastura Core

ee @ &

. Pyrrhophena cinnamomea ,

Heliomaster longirostris,

} Heliactin cornuta .

. Petasophora coruscans
. Ramphomicron heteropogon
. Calothorax cyanopogon .

Calypte Coste . . . .
Petasophora serrirostris .

Orthorhynchus cristatus
Orthorhynchus exilis .
Orthorhynchus cristatus.

. Panychlora Alicia

- Heliopzdica melanotis

°

Metallura cupreicauda

. Eriocnemis cupreiventris

e

Metallura cupreicauda

. Eriocnemis cupreiventrigs

Metallura cupreicauda ,

. Agleactis eupripennis

e

Eriocnemis cupreiventris

°

”

Sphenoproctus curvipennis ;

Pheochroa Cuvieri

Hylocharis cyanea . . .

Sternoclyta cyaneipectus
Eulampis jugularis , :

°

ES

cyaneus ... .

cyanicollis
cyanifrons
cyanocephala-

: Gimel, :

cyanocotlis
cyanogenys .
cyanomelas .

cyanopectus .
cyanopogon .
cyanopterus .
cyanopygos .
cyanotis
cyanotus .
cyanura
cyanurus .

, Gmel. .

cyanus, Vieill.

Daphne . .
dasypus
Dayidianus .;
decorata .
decoratus .
decorus

De Filippi
Delalandi
Delattre .
Delattrei «

Delphina .
Delphinz
Derbianus
Derbyanus
Derbyi_ é
Devillei

dichrous, Licht.

dilophus .
CS AY ese >
Dohrni
Dominica
Dominicensis
Dominicus .

D’Orbignyi .
Doubledayi .

ecm
s

Dubusi
Duchassaigni
Dumerili. .
Duponti . .
Edwardi .
elatus .
elegans

ae » °

200

. Hylocharis cyanea

. Cyanomyia cyanicollis

. Hemithylaca cyanifrons .

. Cyanomyia cyanocephala

. Cyanomyia Guatemalensis .
. Cyanomyia quadricolor .

. Not determined.

. Cyanomyia cyanicollis

. Eucephala cyanogenys

. Eulampis jugularis

. Sapphironia ceruleigularis .
. Sternoclyta cyaneipectus

. Calothorax cyanopogon .

. Pterophanes Temmincki

. Eriocnemis cupreiventris, Reichenb.

Petasophora cyanotis

, Pyrrhophexna cyanura
. Cynanthus cyanurus .
. Not determined.

. Not determined.

. Chlorostilbon Daphne
. Eriocnemis Aline .

. Pygmornis rufiventris

Acestrura decorata

- Lophornis magnificus
. Phaéthornis Philippi .

. Cephalepis Delalandi .

Campylopterus dene thapntoni :

. Lophornis Delattrei

\ Petasophora Delphinz

. Docimastes ensiferus .

. Eriocnemis Derbiana .

. Docimastes ensiferus .

. Eriocnemis Derbianus ,
. Eriocnemis Derbiana .

. Pyrrhophxna Devillei

. Chrysuronia chrysura, Reichend.
. Heliactin cornuta. . .
. Heliotrypha Parzudaki .
. Glaucis Dohrni .

. Lampornis gramineus

. Mellisuga minima .

. Lampornis aurulentus

. Glaucis hirsuta .

. Lampornis gramineus

. Eriocnemis D’Orbignyi .
. Circe Doubledayi .

. Circe latirostris.

. Pyrrhophena Riefferi

. Sapphironia ceruleogularis .
. Amazilia Dumerili

Pyrrhopheena Devillei
Tryphena Duponti

. Erythronota Edwardi
. Chrysolampis moschitus .

. Sporadinus elegans

: | Erythronota elegans .

flicia .
Elicic .
Elisa”.
Elize .
Emile...
Emilie .
enicura .
enicurus . .
ensifera . «
ensiferus . «
ensipennis
Hos. . :
Episcopus .
Eremita . .
Eriphyle . .
Eryphila. .
Eryphile. .
erythronota .
erythronotos
erythronotus

erythrorhyncha, Bp.

Esmeralda.
Estella
Wstelle. . .
euanthes . .
eucharis .
euchloris .. -
Eurynome
Eurynomus .-
euryptera
eurypterus .
Eveline .
Evellina .
Evelyne .
excisus
exes. Ss
eximia .
eximius
exortis
faleata .
falcatus
fallax .
Fannie ..
Fannyi « «
Fanny.
fasciatus .

, Shaw .
Faustine .
Felicia.
Feliciz
Feliciana .
Fernandensis
ferrugineus .
festivus
filicaudus .
fimbriata .
fimbriatus
fiabellifera

fiabelliferus .
flammifrons .

flavescens-.

201

} Chrysuronia Elicia

} Domeha Whee

. Erythronota Felicia .
. Phaéthornis Emiliz

yeas enicurs “= «

Docimastes ensiferus .

. Campylopterus ensipennis

. Helianthea Eos .
. Pygmornis Episcopus. .
. Pygmornis Hremita .

Thalurania Eriphyle . .

Erythronota antiqua wise

Not a species.
. Panychlora Poortmanni .

Oreotrochilus Estelle .

°

. Ramphomicron microrhynchus.

. Lesbia eucharis. . . «

Panychlora euchloris . -. °

} Phaéthornis Eurynome .

} Avocettinus eurypterus

Doricha Evelyne . . . -

. Thalurania Eriphyle .
. Orthorhynchus exilis .

Eupherusa eximia . :
. Heliotrypha Parzudaki .
| Campylopterus lazulus - .
Dolerisca fallax .
\a Thalurania Fanniz

. Myrtis Fannie . .
. Lampornis Mango .
. Not determined.

. Cyanomyia cyanocephala. -

\ Erythronota Felicis .
. duliamyia Feliciana .

°

. Eustephanus Fernandensis .

. Glaucis hirsuta . é
. Polemistria chalybea .
Acestrura Mulsanti

} Florisuga mellivora .
Florisuga flabellifera .

. Eustephanus galeritus
. Panoplites flavescens .

waive

of © @

*. © ©

202
flavicaudata .
flavicaudatus
flavifrons. . . . . Chlorostilbon Phaéthon .
——, Gmel.. . . « Not determined.
Floresii, . .. .. . . Lampornis porphyrurus .
» « « » «© «» Selasphorus Floresii .
floriceps . . . . . Anthocephala floriceps
fluviatilis. . . . .° Thaumatias fluviatilis ,
forcipatus . - Eupetomena macroura
forficata . . .” . . Thalurania forficata .
forficatus.. . . . . Hustephanus galeritus
— * « « « « « Cynanthus cyanurus .
Francie .. . . . Cyanomyia Francix .
Hraseri. Glaucis Fraseri . ee
fraterculus . . . . Phaéthornis fraterculus
frontalis .. .. .. . « Tolema frontalis
—— ... . . . Thalurania glaucopis .
fulgens . . . . . Eugenes fulgens
fulgidigula Bourcieria fulgidigula
fulgidus . . . . . Lamprolema Rhami .
fulvifrons. . . . . Hylocharis sapphirina
fulviventris .. . . . Dolerisca fallax. .
fulvus, Gmel. . . . Not determined.
furcata’ . . . . . Thalurania furcata .

= } Lafresnaya flavicaudata .

furcatoides . . . Thalurania furcatoides .
furcatus . . . . . Thaluraniafurcata. , .
2 © & 4 - Thalurania Tschudii . .
furcifer, Shaw . . . Not determined.
MnO Se i. 2. se ep
fuscicaudatus . . . Pyrrhophana Riefferi
fuscis. . . . . . Florisugaatra . . ,
Gabriel . . . . . Heliothrix Barroti.
Galatheaa. . . - Chlorostilbon prasinus
galerita
galeritus . ‘ ?
Gayhs ee . + Lafresnaya Gayi
Geoffroyi. . . . . Schistes personatus
. Schistes Geoffroyi .

Eustephanus galeritus

Georgina .
Georgine . :
Gibsoni, Fras. . . . A manufactured specimen.
gigantea . .
PIBIS ee 6
glaucopis. . . . . Thalurania glaucopis. ,
glaucopoides, D’ Orb. :

et Lafres. ee
glomata . . . . . Hriocnemis vestita. ,
Glyceria . ‘ Cometes? Glyceria
ALONE Sits . Eriocnemis Godini
Gorgo. . . Cynanthus cyanurus .
Goudoti . . Sapphironia Goudoti .
Gouldi . Lesbia Gouldi . .
— ise. - .« Lophornis Gouldi .

Avocettinus eurypterus

} Patagona or got

Not determined.

: . Petasophora serrirostris ,
gracilis . Lesbia gracilis .
graminea .

gramineus . f
Granadensis. . . Pheolaxma rubinoides.
granatinus | . . . Eulampisjugularis .
grata . 4 . « «+ Leadbeatera grata .

Grayis « « - « HucephalaGrayi . .

Lampornis gramineus

- griseigularis .
iseogularis .
uatemalensis .

Guerini

Guimeti .

Gujanensis .

gularis

gutturalis .
Guy .
Guyi .
Gyrinno . .
Eiichorlinii :
ol mma Bp. é
Helena
Helense

Helianthea .
Heliodori
helios .
Heloisa
Heloise °.
hemileucurus

Henrica . .
Henrici
Herrani .
heteropogon. « « «
heteropygia .
HieSttdh. 44%
hirsutus
hirundinacea
hirundinaceus . .
hispida

hispidus . .
Hoffmanni . .
holosericea . . «
holosericeus .
Biimboldtr ya «
humilis .
hyperythrus .
hypocyanea .
hypoleucus .

hypopheus

203

oa Pygmornis griseogularis .

Cyanomyia Guatemalensis .

» Oxypogon Guerini

. Klais Guimeti . :
. Chrysolampis moschitus .
. Aphantochroa gularis

. Lampornis gramineus

- Lampornis Mango ?.

} Phaéthornis Guyi .

. Thalurania furcata .
3 Chlorostilbon Hasberlini

Not @ species.

- Lophornis Helens .

» Calypte Helene . . . .
- Lophornis Helene «4 « «
- Helianthea typica. .

- Acestrura Heliodori .

- Lophornis magnificus

} atthis MbClOIss «ps ks

« Campylopterus hemileucurus .
. Phlogophilus hemileucurus .

Delattria Henrici .

- Ramphomicron Herrani

Ramphomicron heteropogon

- Doricha enicura . .. -«

Glaucis hirsuta. . . . .

- Eupetomena macroura ‘.
- Gouldia Langsdorfi . . .

Phaéthornis hispidus .

- Saucerottia Sophie . .

Eulampis holosericeus < .

» Chrysuronia Humboldti .

+ Mellisuga minima. .

- Campylopterus hyperythrus
- Eucephala hypocyanea

- Leucippus chionogaster .

. Cyanomyia Francie . . .
- Chrysolampis moschitus .

icterocephalus . Calypte Amne . . . .

Idalize . . Pygmornis Idalie. . ;

igneus . — . Chlorostilbon igneus .

Imperatrix . Eugenia Imperatrix .

Inca Bourcieria Inca.

i ta .

Sekine ees = Adelomyia inornata

insectivora -. B

insectiyorus . ourcieria insectivora

ets . Panterpe insignis .

intermedia

i iniagdiid. . Fe Phaéthornis squalidus

iodura .

tata } Pyrrhophena iodura .
jolata . :

lus... } Petasophora iolata. . .

iridescens

Tris.
Isaacsoni .
Tsaure.
jacula .
Jamesoni .

janthinotus
Jardinei .
Jardini .
Johanne .
jolata .. .
Josephine
Jourdani .
jugularis .
Julia... .
Julie .
Julie
Kienerii .
Kingii .

Tabrador : ;
lactea .

ce Oe eae et a eS

oe ee & ® & + © & «+

Letitia

Leetitie .
Lafresnayi ;
lop Merabh be Pes
lamprocephalus .

Tamprus:-.° . <«
lanceolatus
Langsdorffi .
largipennis .
lasiopygus ....
latipennis .

latirostris
lazula .
lazulinus .
lazulus

Leadbeateri .
Leocadiz .
lepida .
lepidus . .
Lereboulleti .
Lessoni

—_—_——,

leucaspis’ .

leucocrotaphus .

leucogaster

°

204

. Lampornis iridescens .
. Smaragdochrysis iridescens .

. Diphlogena Iris

. Eriocnemis Isaacsoni .

. Chalybura ? Isaurse

. Heliodoxa jacula

. Heliodoxa Jamesoni .
. Oreotrochilus Pichincha
. Petasophora serrirostris

} Panoplites Jardinei .

. Doryfera Johanne .
. Petasophora iolata .
. Chrysuronia Josephinz

Cheetocerus Jourdani .

.. Kulampis jugularis

Juliamyia typica . .

. Spathura Underwoodi
. Cynanthus cyanurus .
.’ Eustephanus galeritus
. Myrtis Fanny ...
. Hylocharis lactea .
. Thaumatias Linneei

Gouldia Leetitise

. Lafresnaya flavicaudata .
. Cephalepis Delalandi .

. Calypte Anne .
lamprogeneias, Bonap. Lampornis Prevosti, Reichenb.
. Chlorostilbon prasinus

. Glaucis lanceolatus

. Gouldia Langsdorffi .

. Campylopterus latipennis
» Heliotrypha Parzudaki .
. Campylopterus latipennis
. Campylopterus ensipennis .
. Amazilia pristina .

. Hylocharis sapphirina

. Circe latirostris .

. Circe Doubledayi .

. Circe latirostris .

. Hylocharis lactea .

. Campylopterus lazulus

. Circe Doubledayi .

. Circe latirostris

. Lampornis Mango.

. Leadbeatera grata .

. Heliomaster Leocadize

Tryphena Duponti .

. Circe Doubledayi .
. Avocettula recurvirostris .

. Cyanomyia cyanocephala

. Circe latirostris .
. Oreopyra leucaspis

. Heliopzdica melanotis
. Heliothrix auritus .

. Leucippus chionogaster. .
. Thaumatias leucogaster .

205

PAGE
leucogastra . . . . Thaumatiasleucogaster . . . .. . 152 |
leucophwa . . . . Amazilialeucophea . ... .. . 156 t
leucophrys . . . . Phaéthornissqualidus ..... . 45 )
leucopleurus. . . .: Oreotrochilus leucopleurus. . . . . 63 i
leucopterus . . . . Oreotrochilusleucopleurus. . . . . 64
leucopygins.... , ~. Hletehbentis . ee vr SL q
leucotis . . . . « Heliopwdica melanotis . .... . 60 i
Igitis.. ...... ,.\.Bhponptesdeusmmae ), -. .. .. . sao AD \

( Libussa . Heliangelus Clarisse . . «0. . 1 182 i
Lichtensteinii . Panoplites flavescens . ber BO \
ll sani , Discura longicauda 85
| Lindeni . Oxypogon Lindeni 108
Linnei . Thaumatias Linnzi 153 4
Loddigesii . Cephalepis Loddigesi . 118 4
longicauda Di . 85 iq
longicaudus . iscura longicauda . . }
longirostris . . Eulampis longirostris . 69 4
5s eas . Heliomaster longirostris . 138 i
— - Heliomaster Stuarte . 138 i
— . Heliomaster mesoleucus . . 140 i
ce . Phaéthornis longirostris . 42 i
Longuemarei if
Longuemareus . Pygmornis Longuemareus . 46 4
Longuemari . 7
lophotes . . Lophornis lophotes . 83 a.
Luciani . Eriocnemis Luciani . 144 ii
ae Heliopadica melanotis 61 ‘ |
; . Coeligena Clemencia . 59 Ny
Lucifer . Calothorax cyanopogon . 90 |
Ludovicise . Doryfera Ludovicize ee
lugens . Eriocnemis lugens . 146
lugubris . . Florisuga atra 81
Lumachella , '
Tigachellis Augastes Lumachellus . 123 14
Lutetiz . Helianthea Lutetie . 131 |
Lydia . « Thalurania verticeps . 78 Ve
macroura . 4
macrourus Eupetomena macroura . . 50 q
macrura . t
maculata . . Adelomyia maculata . 113 |
Rain icp . Thaumatias Linnei 154 i,
maculatum . . Grypus nevius . ' 35 |
maculatus . Lampornis gramineus . 65
ap, . Thaumatias Linnsi 153
maculicaudus . Thaumatias maculicaudus » 154
maculicollis . . Panychlora Alicie . . 179 |
Mies Lophornis magnificus . 83 ‘i
malaris . Phaéthornis malaris 41 a i
Malvina. . '. Not seen. a
Mango .. .- Lampornis Mango . 64
reas .- Lampornis porphyrurus . 67
maniculata . . Hriocnemis cupreiventris . 144 ‘
maniculatum . Grypus nevius . 35
margaritaceus .... . Lampornis aurulentus ogres a6
Le ee } Pymthophena eam IBS
bigate - A RUEHS PONS OR 4
marmoratus.......-Lampornisgramineus.......... . 66
Pp ;
q

Matthewsi,
Maugei
Maugzus .
Maugeana
Maugeanus
Maugei
Mavors
masxillosus
maximus, Vell.
Maynensis
Mazeppa .
melananthera
ae,

me! lanogenys

melanolophus, Vieill. .

melanorhynchus
melanotis .
melanotis.
melanotus
me'!anura .
mellisugus

mellivora
mellivorus
Meriphile
Merrittii .
mesoleuca
mesoleucus
metallicus
Mexicanus
microrhyncha
microrhynchum
microrhynchus .
micrura
micrurus .
Milleri
minima
minimus. .
minullus, Vieill.
mirabilis .
Mitchelli .
Mocoa.
modestus *
montana .
montanus
Moorei
moschita .
moschitus
Mosquera
mosquitus
Mossai
Mulsanti .

multicolor, Gmel,

mystacinus
mystax
nevia .
neevlus
Napensis .
Nattereri .

206

. Panoplites Mathewsi .

\ Sporadinus ? Maugzei .
J

3
Sporadinus ? Maugzi.

. Thaumatias Linneei
. Heliangelus Mavors
. Phaéthornis malaris ?
. Not determined.
. Leadbeatera Otero, Reichend.
. Glaucis Mazeppa 5
. Spathura melananthera .
. Oreotrochilus ee :
. Eugenes fulgens .
Adelomyia melanogenys .
Not determined.
- Chlorostilbon chrysogaster .
. Phaéthornis Eurynome

} Heliopedica melanotis

. Glaucis melanura
. Chlorostilbon Atala
. Thaumatias leucogaster

i Florisuga mellivora

. Thalurania Eriphyle .
. Klais Guimeti

} Lepidolarynx mesoleucus
. Chlorostilbon Phaéthon .
. Eulampis holosericeus

Ramphomicron microrhynchus

\ Acestrura micrura .

. Oreotrochilus leucopleurus .
. Thaumatias Milleri

i Mellisuga minima .

. Not determined.

. Loddigesia mirabilis

. Calliphlox ? Mitchell .
. Cynanthus Mocoa .

. Chlorolampis auriceps

} Selasphorus platycercus .

.. Phaéthornis consobrinus .

} Chrysolampis moschitus .

.. Eriocnemis Mosquera

. Chrysolampis moschitus’.
.. Cometes ? Glyceria

. Acestrura Mulsanti

. Not determined.
. Lepidolarynx mesoleucus
. Polemistria chalybea .

| Grypus neevius .

. Chlorostilbon Napensis ;
. Augastes scutatus

Neera .
niger .

nigra .
nigricincta
wericinctus .
nigricollis

207

. Chrysuronia Neera
. Florisuga atra

. Mellisuga minima .
. Mellisuga minima .

}

nigrirostris, Reichend. .
. Eriocnemis nigrivestis

nigrivestis
nigrofasciata .
nigrofasciatus
nigrotis
nitens .
nitidifrons
nitidissimus .
nitidus
niveipectus
niveiventer ©.
niveiventris .
niveoventer .
Norrisi
Nuna .
obscura
obscurus .

, Gel. .

Ocai

(inone

opaca .
opisthocomus
Orbignyi .
ornata .

ornatus
orthura
orthurus .
Osberti

Oseryi

Otero .
Ourissia . 9...
pallidiceps . .
Pamela -
Pamele
Pampa

paradisea .
paradiseus

, Gmel.
parvirostris .
parvula .
Parzudaki
Parzudhaki .
Pauline .
pavoninus
pectoralis
Pegasus
Pella
personatus
Peruana .
Peruanus .

ochropygos, Natt. .

}

Pygmornis nigricinctus .

Lampornis Mango .
Not determined.

Thalurania nigrofasciata .

. Heliothrix auritus .

. Chlorostilbon nitens .

. Thaumatias nitidifrons

. Chlorostilbon prasinus

. Lampornis Mango.

. Thaumatias chionopectus
. Erythronota niveiventris .
. Evythronota niveiventris .
. Erythronota niveiventris
. Hemistilbon Norrisi .

. Lesbia Nuna. <

. Pygmornis Idalie .

. Campylopterus obscurus .
. Clytolema rubinea .

. Not determined.

. Hemistilbon Ocai .

. Phaéthornis Pretrei, Reichenb.

. Chrysuronia Ginone .
. Metallura cupreicauda
. Cephalepis Loddigesi .
. Eriocnemis D’Orbignyi .

Lophornis ornatus .

. Orthorhynchus ornatus .
. Calliphlox amethystina .
. Calliphlox amethystina

. Chlorolampis Osberti .

. Phaéthornis Oseryi

. Leadbeatera Otero .

. Sporadinus? Maugexi. .
. Heliomaster pallidiceps .

Agleactis Pamela .

. Sphenoproctus curvipennis .
. Sphenoproctus Pampa

. Panoplites flavescens .

. Topaza Pella

. Not determined.

. Oxypogon Guerini

. Agleactis parvula. .

. Heliotrypha Parzudaki

. Sporadinus Riccordi .

. Metallura tyrianthina

. Phaéthornis, Reichend.

. Lampornis gramineus

. Chrysolampis moschitus .

. Topaza Pella :

. Schistes personatus

. Spathura Peruana . :
. Chlorostilbon Peruanus. —.

eae:

Petasophora .
Petasophorus
phenolema .
phaenolema .
pheenoleuca .
Phaéthon .
Pheeton
Phaon .
Philippi .

Pichincha

2
}

208

Petasophora serrirostris .
Heliothrix phanolema .

Chlorostilbon Phaéthon .

- Cometes Phaon

Pheebe, Less. et Delatt.

pileatus
pinicola
platura
platurus .
platycerca
platycercus .
polytmus .
Poortmani
Popelairii

porphyrogaster .

porphyrura .
porphyrurus .
Poucheti .
Pouchettii
prasina

prasinoptera .
prasinus .

—— ee

Pretrei
Prevosti .
Primolii -.
Primolina
Primolinus
pristina
Prunellei .
Prunelli .
puber .
Pucherani
puella. .
pulchra
punctatus
punctulatus .
puniceus .

purpuratus, Gmel..

purpurea .
purpureiceps
pygmea . ,
pygmzus .

ee

Pyra .
quadricolor .
Quitensis .
radiosus .
Raimondi
rectirostris

° .
° . °
; }
. .

. °

Phaéthornis Philippi :
Not determined.
Oreotrochilus Pichincha

- Orthorhynchus cristatus

Heliomaster Leocadize
Discura longicauda

| Selasphorus platycercus .

Aithurus polytmus

» Panychlora Poortmanni .
» Prymnacantha Popelairei

Helianthea typica .
Lampornis porphyrurus .

Heliothrix auriculatus

- Chlorostilbon Atale .
- Chlorostilbon prasinus
- Eulampis jugularis :
- Chlorostilbon chrysogaster .
- Chlorostilbon prasinus .
- Polytmus viridissimus .
- Phaéthornis superciliosus
- Lampornis Prevosti

Metallura Primolii

- Amazilia pristina .

} Lampropygia Prunellei -,

.

Chlorostilbon chrysogaster .

» Chlorostilbon prasinus
- Thalurania venusta
. Calothorax pulchra

| Lampornis Mango

. Orthorhynchus cristatus
. Not determined.

. Lampropygia purpurea
. Heliothrix Barroti

«

| ‘Pygmornis pygmxa .

- Pygmornis Aspasize

» Mellisuga minima

. Pygmornis rufiventris
» TopazaPyra . . .
. Cyanomyia quadricolo
. Lampornis Mango

» Metallura Quitensis

. Cometes sparganurus
. Sporadinus Ricordi

. Doryfera rectirostris .

yecurvirostris
refulgens .
Regine
regis
Regulus .
Reishenbachi
remigera .
Rhami
rhodotis .
Ricordi
Riefferi
Rivoli
Rivolii
Roberti
Robinson .
Rosa

Fosse 2.

ruber .
rubinea
rubineus .
rubinoides

rubra .
Ruckeri

rufa

ruficandatus :
ruficaudus, Vieill. .

ruficeps
ruficollis .
rufigaster

rufiventris

rufocaligata .

rufocaligatus
rufus .

rutila .
Sabina.
Sabinse
sagitta
Salvini
sapphirina

Sappho
Sasin .

Saucerottei

Saul
Saule .
Saula .
scapulata .
Schimperi

. Schreibersii :

scintilla
Sclateri
scutatus .

sephanoides .

serrirostris
similis

sapphirinus :

209

PAGE
. Avocettula recurvirostris . . . . . 114
. Uhalumanametnipense. 9 6 5 aay
. Lophornis Regine . ssh wh aoe

. Calliperidia Angele, Reichenb.
. Lophornis Regulus . . . a yr athtitlaagie ee

. Chrysolampis moschitus ... . . 116
. Spathura Underwoodi . . .. . . 100
- Lamproleme, Ritamd ee gs: eo OM
~« Aopisopnorariokiie gs Sb tc ee AOD
~sepomsciiiiseiiearlige §.. . TS
. Pyrshophena Racor eo. io a 158

Hmeenes talvers: a. f. - eee
. Phonon Robert a ee
. Hustephanus Fernandensis. . . . . 142

Cheetocercus Rose . ...-. . . . 92

s: Beles phone Miss so. ek a hy ea OO
| Ciytolema AMEE Ts ose oe EOE

. Pheolema Afquatorialis . . . . . 148
. Phmolema rubinoides . |. °. . « . 142
+ ROMPSOUUS ITM ag 6’ es a ke OO
« SAMUI AIRC ye ee OO
=o AGIRUIOL PREM pol 6 Ns ee
+ OR PMOPUH TOMS oe pe eg a eee

Clytolema rubinea . . .. . . . 134

. Not determined.

» Ramphomicron ruficeps. . . . . . 109
~ Gi pieremerete es fe sy Se
~ eyemMornisetfenditdcss. ©. {<6 ot ln 20449)
(a yem@orms vunyemrns ©, ", “ast as
. Byemonns wiiryoumis '. 4 Se aS

} Spathura PUMOCH AAD” ne a LOO

. Campylopterusrufus. 1... . . . 54
FJ OLAS MOLUSH UTS) oat ee ape tants mort sen aS
. Pyrrhophena cinnamomea. . . . . 156

| Adclomyia melanogenys. . .-. . . 118

. Seatienrora Otero on Ve
. Chistes Say, . . 9. . . 174
Pe yOCMeMe |. 4 gh ey Pee
.. Jyisebams sapling: 9).
+ IAQ CHEIE EAGHGR). sty Wy og ce te
. Hylocharis sapphirma . . . .°% . 171
. Cometes sparganurus. . . . . . . 103
- Melo pMOrUS FUTUR tose: oe eee CO
. Sauesrotiid typi. vl. Ae. 162

Toafresnaya Soule, . 4. -. 4): » £0

. Eucephala scapulata . . . . . . . 166
se (Circe Aeirosimisan serge ee 16D
MlolememOClNCwversl see ey TS
PASelespnommersemullaens ssa, . SO
. Heliomaster Sclateri . . . . . . . 189
rp LUPEEISA ZoFS) ISCOLUIEN NIU) = oer A a a a 14

. Hustephanusgaleritus . . . . . . 141
. Petasophorus'serrirostris . §. . . | 194
. Chlorostilbon Phaéthon. . . . . . 175

i a i

simplex

Sitkensis .
smaragdicaudus
smaragdina .
smaragdineum .
smaragdinicollis
smaragdinis .
smaragdinus

smaragdo-cerulea .
smaragdo-sapphiri-

nus, Shaw .
Sophize
sordida
sparganura
sparganurus .
spatuligera
Spencei
Spixi
splendens.

splendidus, Vieill.

squalida .
squalidus .
squamata .
squamosa .
squamosus

Stanleyi
stellatus
stenura

Stokesi ;
striatus, Gael. .
striigularis
strophiana
strophianus .
strumaria.
Stuartee

suavis .
Suecicus .
superba

superbus .

superciliosus

Surinamensis

Swainsoni

Sylphia
syrmatophorus .
Temmincki .

Tendali
tephrocephala

210

. Aphantochroa cirrhoch'oris.
. Calothorax cyanopogon .

. Eriocnemis cupreiventris

. Selasphorus rufus .

. Cynanthus Mocoa . ;
. Chlorostilbon chrysogaster <
. Eucephala smaragdo-cerulea
. Metallura smaragdinicoliis .

\ Cynanthus Mocoa .
. Eucephala smaragdo-cerulea .
\ Hylocharis cyanea, Reichend.

. Saucerottia Sophie
. Pheoptila sordida .

Cometes sparganurus .

. Spathura Underwoodi
. Heliangelus Spencei .

Grypus Spixi

: Campylopterus splendens

Campylopterus Villavicencio

. Leadbeatera splendens

. Not determined.

. Phaéthornis squalidus

. Phaéthornis squalidus

. Hriocnemis squamata .

. Lepidolarynx mesoleucus
. Grypus neevius . :
. Lepidolarynx mesoleucus
. Ramphomicron Stanleyi.
. Aithurus polytmus

. Panychlora stenura

. Hustephanus Stokesi

. Not determined.

Pygmornis striigularis

a] Heliangelus strophianus .

: saint se magnificus .

. Heliomaster Stuartz .

. Pyrrhophena Riefferi

. Trochilus Alexandri .

. Augastes scutatus

. Heliomaster longirostris
. Augastes scutatus

. Heliomaster longirostris .
. Phaéthornis superciliosus
. Phaéthornis malaris

. Phaéthornis Pretrei

. Glaucis hirsuta

. Florisuga mellivora

. Threnetes leucurus

. Topaza Pella

. Sporadinus elegans

- Doricha enicura

. Lesbia Gouldi :

. Phaéthornis syrmatophorus
. Lepidolarynx mesoleucus
. Pterophanes Temmincki.
. Calothorax, Reichend.

Thaumatias albiventris

tephrocephalus .

thalassina
thalassinus

Thalia, % Gould, » Reich.

Thaumantias

—_

Phaumatias ,
Theresiz .

Tobaci
Tobagensis
Tobago

Tomineo, Gmel.

torquata . .
torquatus, Shaw
tricolopha
tricolor

tristis .
Tschudi .
Turneri

typica .

typicus
typus . .
tyrianthina .
tyrianthinus .
Underwoodi .
urochrysa.
urochrysia
uropygialis .
varius, Gmel.
ventilabrum .
venusta

venustissimus . .
-venustus .

Veraguensis .
Verreauxi
versicolor
verticalis .
verticeps .
vesper .
vespera
vestinigra .
vestita .

yestitus
Victorix .
Vieilloti .

Vieillotii .
Villaviscensio
villosus

viola

violacea
violaceus .

i

. Thaumatias albiventris .
. Petasophora thalassina
. Petasophora Anais

Petasophora thalassina
Unknown to me.
. Polytmus virescens

. Thaumatias Linnzi

. Thaumatias albiventris
. Chrysobronchus viridicaudus .
. Polytmus viridissimus

f Thaumatias Linnzi

. Not determined.

. Bourcieria torquata

. Not determined.

. Prymnacantha Popelairei.
. Selasphorus platycereus .
. Patagona gigas . 4

. Thalurania Tschudi .

. Leucippus chionogaster .
. Lampropygia —

. Helianthea typica .

. Saucerottia typica .

. Juliamyia typica .

. Myiabeillia typica .

. Saucerottia typica .

. Phaéthornis Guyi .

} Metallura tyrianthina .
. Spathura Underwoodi
} Chalybura urochrysia

. Eriocnemis vestita .

. Not determined.

. Spathura Underwoodi

. Thalurania venusta

. Eulampis jugularis

. Augastes scutatus .

. Lampornis Veraguensis .
. Polemistria Verreauxi

. Cepbalepis Delalandi .

. Thaumatias brevirostris .
. Cyanomyia cyanocephala .
. Cyanomyia quadricolor .
. Thalurania verticeps .

} Rhodopis vespera .

. Eriocnemis nigrivestis

. Eriocnemis cupreiventris
. Eriocnemis vestita .

. Eriocnemis vestita .

. Lesbia Amaryllis

. Polemistria chalybea .

. Mellisuga minima .

. Petasophora serrirostris .

. Campylopterus Villavicencio .

. Pbhaéthornis Oseryi
. Heliotrypha viola .

\ Eulampis jugularis

violicauda
violiceps .
violifer
violifera
violifrons .

virescens ..

virginalis .
viridans
viridescens
viridicaudata
viridicaudus .
viridiceps .
viridigaster
viridigastra
viridipallens .
viridipectus .

viridis .

viridissima

viridissimus .
viridiventris .
Vuleani
vulgaris
Wagleri
_ Warszewiczii

Watertoni .
Wiedi .
Williami .
Wilsoni .
Xantusi
Yarrelli
Yarugui .
Yaruqui .

Yucatanensis .

Zantusi . ,
Zémeés .
ZONUrA .

212

Lampornis Mango .

. Cyanomyia violiceps
* “\ Helianthea violifera

. Heliothrix violifrons .
. Doryfera Johanne .

. Polytmus viridissimus
. Polytmus virescens

. Lampornis virginalis .
. Aithurus polytmus .

. Polytmus virescens

. Pygmornis Aspasie

. Polytmus viridissimus

. Thaumatias viridiceps

Pyrrhophena viridigaster

. Delattria viridipallens

. Thalurania nigrofasciata. .
. Chaumatias Linnei

. Polytmus virescens

. Polytmus viridissimus

. Lampornis viridis .

. Thaumatias Linnei

Polytmus viridissimus

. Thaumatias Linnzi

. Chlorostilbon prasinus

. Pyrrhopheena viridigaster
. Ramphomicron Vulcani ..
. Leucochloris albicollis

. Thalurania? Wagleri.

. Diphlogeena Aurora

. Saucerottia Warszewiczi ..
. Thalurania Watertoni

. Eucephala cyanogenys

. Metallura Williami

. Lampropygia Wilsoni

. Heliopxdica Xantusi .

. Myrtis Yarrelli. .

Phaéthornis Yaruqui .

. Pyrrhopheena Yucatanensis .
. Heliopsdica Xantusi .
. Tryphzna Duponti
. Pheoptila zonura .
. Pygmornis zonura .

Cambridse University Library,
ant

a

deg SS.

PROSPECTUS

OF THE WORKS

ON ORNITHOLOGY,

AND ON

THE MAMMALIA OF AUSTRALIA, —

BY

JOHN GOULD, F.R.S., ETC.

All the Author’s works are in Imperial Folio, forming a regular

series. They are—

I. A CENTURY OF BIRDS FROM THE HIMALAYA MOUN-
TAINS. 1 Vol. Imperial F olio, containing 80 Plates, with
descriptive letter-press. Price £14 14s. London 1832.

This work, of which no copies remain, was commenced in January
1831, and completed in August 1882. It contains figures and descriptions
of 100 Birds on 80 Plates which were at that time either new or very im-
perfectly known.

Il. THE BIRDS OF EUROPE. 9 Vols. Imperial Folio, com-
prising 449 Plates, with descriptive letter-press, Introduction,
&e. Price £76°8s. London 1837.

The whole of the copies of this work have been disposed of; and when.
any one of them is offered for sale on the demise of a Subscriber, or from
other causes, it realizes considerably more than its original cost. Thus in
barre 1860 a bound copy was sold for £120, and an unbound one realized

Ill. A MONOGRAPH OF THE RAMPHASTIDA, OR FAMILY
OF TOUCANS. 1 Vol. Imperial Folio, containing Fifty-two
Plates, with descriptive letter-press, dc. Price £12 12s.
London 1854.

An edition of this work was published in 1834 at the price of £7; but
the extensive researches carried on during the last twenty years among
the Great Andean Ranges of South America having led. to the discovery
of many additional and beautiful species belonging to this extraordinary
group of Birds, a revision of the work not only became necessary, but. an
entirely new edition was deemed imperative. This edition, comprising
every known species, with the whole of the Plates redrawn, and with an
Introduction containing much valuable information derived from au-
thentic sources, was published in 1854 at the price of £12 12s.

The history of this South American group is very peculiar; and their
manners and actions are as remarkable as their aspect; in some respects
reminding us of the Hornbills of India and Africa, while in others they

are unlike those of any other group.

R

en

ae eS

214

IV. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TROGONIDA, OR FAMILY
OF TROGONS. 1 Vol. Imperial Folio, containing Thirty-six
Plates, with descriptive letter-press. Price £8. London 1838.

This work, like the Monograph of the Toucans, comprises the history
and figures of all the species of the group known up to the date of pub-
lication. The members of the Trogonide are remarkable for a gorgeous
style of colouring, for their recluse habits, and for the union of insect
diet with such aliments as fruits and berries, in accordance with which
the beak is modified; they are divided between the warmer latitudes of

-America, India, and the adjacent islands, with the exception of one

species, which is peculiar to Africa.

The same reasons which induced the Author to publish a new edition
of the Monograph of the Ramphastide, have also rendered another edi-
tion of this Monograph desirable ; and accordingly one is now in prepa-
ration, comprising all the new species and information acquired respecting
this family of birds during the last twenty years. It willbe caegeted in

four Parts, price £3 3s. each, the first of which is now ready for delivery.

V. THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 7 Volumes, Imperial Folio,
containing Figures of 600 species, with descriptive letter-press
and a large amount of Introductory matter. Price £115.
London 1848.

This work was originally published in Thirty-six Parts, each contain-
ing Seventeen Plates with descriptive letter-press, at the price of Three
Guineas each Part, with the exception of the Thirty-sixth, the price of
which, in consequence of the large amount of introductory matter, is
£4 12s.

The Birds of Australia, comprised in seven handsome folio volumes, is
considered by the Author as the most important and original work which
he has yet published. It contains the Ornithology of one vast portion of
the globe, and that portion of no small importance in whatever point of
view it be considered. Impressed with the necessity of rendering this
tribute to science-worthy of acceptation, the Author left England for
Australia in May 1838; and after remaining there for two years in order
to study the habits and manners of the birds and quadrupeds, he returned
with a great amount of novel, strange, and interesting facts. The habits
of the Bower-birds, the Mound-makers (Talegalla, Leipoa, &c.), and of
the Lyre-bird, when made known, were deemed especially marvellous ;
but every statement has been subsequently confirmed to the letter. To
dilate upon the peculiarities of the Fauna and Flora of Australia is not the
Author’s present aim. Suffice it to say, he has endeavoured to the utmost
to do justice in this work to its Ornithology ; and so well have his labours
been received, that very few copies of this great work remain on his hands
for disposal, and ere long, like the “ Birds of Europe,” they will be at a
premium. ;

As the at present unexplored portions of Australia become more and
more known, additional species of birds will doubtless be discovered, ren-
dering a Supplernent to the work necessary, in order to keep the subject
complete; and this will be issued in Parts as a sufficient number of novel-
ties come to hand : thus, a- portion of the new and interesting species lately
brought home by the naturalist and officers of several of H.M. surveying
ships, and some derived from other sources, have appeared under the title
of “Birds of Australia,” Supplement, Parts I., II., IIT., price £3 3s. each ;
and any other novelties that may arrive will in like manner be published,
and when a sufficient number of parts to form a volume have been issued,
a, Title-page and every other requisite will be supplied.

215

VI. A MONOGRAPH OF THE ODONTOPHORINA, OR PAR-

TRIDGES OF AMERICA. 1 Vol. Imperial Folio, containing:

Thirty-two Plates, with descriptive letter-press. Price £8 8s.
London 1850.

The interest which attaches to this work is threefold. First, it dis lays,
even to the most unpractised eye, the broad distinction which subsists
between the Partridges of America and those of Europe; secondly, the
species are all remarkable for the elegance of their forms and for the chaste
beauty of their colouring ; and thirdly, at no distant date these Birds will
doubtless be regarded in America as our Partridges in Europe are, as
game, and perhaps preserved by law—their flesh being as delicate for the
table as that of our ordinary bird, from which, however, they differ con-
siderably in the structure of the beak, and in their habits and economy.

VII. THE BIRDS OF ASIA.

To no portion of the globe does there attach so much interest as to that
vast extent of the Old World which we designate Asia. It is there that
all the productions of nature essential to the well-being of man occur in
the greatest abundance. The most important of our domestic quadrupeds,
the most valuable and interesting of our domestic Gallinaceous birds, were
first reclaimed in Asia. That the Zoology, then, of such a country should
have called forth the notice and study of able minds cannot be surprising ;
and yet it is remarkable that no one has attempted a work comprehending
a general history of its OrnrrHoLtogy. This hiatus in Ornithological
literature the Author proposes to fill up by publishing a work on “The
Birds of Asia,” precisely similar in every respect to his former works on
“The Birds of Europe” and “The Birds of Australia.” Its size and
manner of execution will be the same; and it will be published in Parts,
price Three Guineas each.

Of this work thirteen Parts are published; and for the present it will
appear at the rate of not more than one or two Parts a year.

VIII. A MONOGRAPH OF THE TROCHILID”A, OR HUM-
MING-BIRDS.

Having from an early period devoted himself to the study of these
beautiful birds, and having acquired a most valuable and extensive collec-
tion of a group essentially peculiar to America and its adjacent islands,
the Author determined upon publishing a Monograph of a family unequalled
for the gorgeous and ever-changing brilliancy of their hues, the variety of
their form, the singularity of their habits, and the extent of their territorial
distribution. Anxious to render his representations of these lovely objects
as faithful as possible, the Author instituted a series of experiments upon
a new mode of colouring, which has been so far successful, that the birds
are as closely imitated as art can hope to see accomplished ; he has also
endeavoured, as far as possible, to associate them with the japon of its
own region, thereby adding an additional charm to’a work which he
trusts will be equally acceptable to the artist and the lover of nature,
and which has been so successful that it bids fair to be the most popular
of his productions.

This Monograph is now complete in 25 Parts, forming five volumes,
in which 360 species are figured: 24 of these parts contain Fifteen Plates
each, with descriptive letter-press, and the 25th Title-pages, Introduction,
&c. The price of each part is £3 3s. The copies remaining unsubseribed
for may be had complete, or for the convenience of -future subscribers at
the rate of 5 Parts a year, commencing with J anuary 1862, in which case

A SN eet Ea

ee

—.

216

they will be required to complete their copies, as an equal number of
all the Parts have been printed, and the drawings effaced from the stones ;
this work, therefore, like its predecessors, will shortly become scarce.

IX. ICONES AVIUM, or Figures and Descriptions of new and
interesting Species of Birds from various Parts of the World,
forming a Supplement to the Author’s other Works.

The object of this Work is explained in the Title: it will be issued as
novelties of interest occur, in Imperial Folio Parts containing ten species
with descriptive letter-press, price £1 15s. each. Two Parts have been
published, one in 1837,.the other in 1838.

X, THE MAMMALS OF AUSTRALIA.

The Author’s visit to Australia having enabled him to procure much
valuable information respecting the habits and economy, and many new
species, of the singular and interesting Mammalia of that country, he has
determined upon publishing a work on the subject. With respect to the
importance of such a work no doubt can exist; and as the Author is
deeply impressed with this idea, so will he endeavour to render it equal
to its associate publication on the Ornithology of that remarkable region.

In its execution this work will be precisely similar to the “ Birds,” and
will be completed in Thirteen or Fourteen Parts, each containing Fifteen
Plates, price £3 3s. each.

Twelve parts have been published, and have been so highly approved
of, that by many they are regarded as more interesting than the “ Birds.”
The Thirteenth Part is now in preparation, and the work is consequently
-approaching its close.

The Author begs to add that, when possible, he will be happy to
perfect any sets at present incomplete, upon the possessors commu-
nicating to him at the following address their wish on the subject.

LONDON: PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR AT 26 CHARLOTTE
STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE, WC.

September 1, 1861.