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A HISTORY 
of the 
UNITED STATES ART^Y MEDICAL MUSEUM 

1862 to 1917 
COI^ILED FROM THE OFFICIAL RECORDS 
BY 

DR. D. S. LAME 

Pathologist 
of the 

Museum. 



INDEX , TO HISTORY 0? APMY MEDICAL MUSEUM . 

AcKer, Drr G. N. , Washington, D. C. 147, 150. 

Adams, Dr, A. C. , Washington, D. c- 150 

Adams, Dr. B. B., Washington, D. C. 151 ■ , 

Adams, Dr. J. 0,, Washington, D. C. 150 

Adams, Dr. S- S. , Washington, D. C. 146, 150 

Agraaonte, Dr. Aristidss, Ha-sana, Cuba. 121 

Agriculture, Bureau and Department of, Washington, D. C. 54, 55, 58 

Alcohol for the Army Medical mseum. 9, 15, 25, 34, 36, 67, 71, 106. 

Allen, Dr. Harrison, u- S, Army, 147, 148. 

Ambulances, Museum. 153 

American Medical Association. 49, 87, 105, 121, 126. 

American Society of Orthodontists. 148 

Annex to Musaum. 67, 96. 

Anthropological collection, Musaum. 153. 

Appropriations of money for Museum. 145. 

Arasby, Dr. J. H., U, S. Bols. 147, 148 » 

Army Appropriation Bill, failure to pass. 77 . 

Army Madf^cal Masaum, Washington, D. p. 

Danger from fira and overcrowding 46, 69, 80 

Called also Military Medical ffesguxn 6, 8, 

National Medical Museum 20, 25A, 25B 

Pathological Musaum, 8, 

History and noticas of, 1, 2, 5, 8, 20, 25B, 57, 68, 66, 63, 67, 73, 

73, 88. 90, 93, 96, 104, 115, ISO, 125. 

Location of; in Surg3on Genaral's Office. 127 

at 180 Pennsylvania Avenua, U. W, 7, 16. 

at 1325 H St., F. W. is, 17, 19, 20. 21, 24, 25. 

at old Ford's Theater building, 10th St., N.77.41,44,46,93,95 

at 7th & B Sts., s. W. 93. 95, 

Object of the Museum 3, 67, 76, 

Opened to the Public 14. 

New building recommended 80, 82, 83, 84. 85. 

Army Madical SahQDi 1,4,18,23. 24, 56.107,108.115,119,121.138,140 
Arrow Wounds, Museum 152 

Arthur, C. A., President Ctaitdd States 82, 85 88. 

Arthur, Dr. W. H. , U. S. Aemy 147 

Arwine, Dr. J. T. Contract Surgeon, 118 

Ashford, Dr. F. A. Washington, D, p., 146, 148 

Assistant Curator, 10, U, 22, 27, 122. 

Atkinson, Dr. W. H. Washington, D. C. 151 

Backe, Dr. Dallas, U. S. Army, Maseu-n and Library. 114, 116. 117. 118. 

Baira, Prof. S. F. National Museum, 54, 71. 

Baker, Dr. Frank, Washington, D. C. , 151 

Baker, Dr. E. iir. , Washington, D. C. . 151 

Balioch, Dr. E. A., Washington, D. C. 510 

Baltimore Medical College, 137 

Barber, Dr. J. E. , U. S. Axxay 137" 

'Baltimore Public Schools 142 

Baretta preparations, Museum 152 

Barker, Dr. H, H., Washington, D. C. . 150 

Barnard 78 

Barnes, Dr. Joseph K, , Surgaon General, U. S, Aumy 19.21.23.24.26.29. 
30,32.33,43,52,67,82,83. 



Il 

Bartholf, Dr. J. H. , U. S. Arniy, 14(p .. 

Baxter, Dr. J. H, U. S. Army, 151 

Bartholow, Dr. Poberts, U. S. Army, 23, 25. 

Bayonets, TOisafum. 152. 

Beatty, Dr. H, vr. ^ Washington, D, C. 151. 

Behrond, Dr. Adayah, Washington, D. C, 151. 

Bell, ^n,, Photographer, Musaum. 33,36,48,78, 

Belt, Dr. E, 0., Washington, D. C., 151 

Bennett, Dr. H. M., Washington, D. C. 151. 

Bentley, Dr. Edwin, U. S. Vols ana U. S. Army. 148, 

Berangar-Faraud, Dr. L. J. B. , Paris, Franca. 57 

Bigelow, Dr. J. R. Washington, D. C. 151 

Billings, Dr. J. S., U, S. A^""^. Mas>3um * ^r^ibrary 3,32, 85, 88, 89, ^0, 

92,93, 95, 10., 102, 106, 1C8, 109, 14 5, 146, 

Billings, Publications by, 87, 89, 93, 101 . 

Bliss, Dr. D. w. , U, S. Vols., 24, 25, 82, 148, 151. 

Bliss, Dr. J. E. , Washington, D. c« 151. 

Bl\amenbach, Prof. J. F. , Goattingan, Germany. 77 

Beard for Study of Tropical Disoasos, Ifenila, P. I. 147 

Boarman, Dr« C. V., Washington, D. C. 150 

Bond, Dr. S. S, , Museum, 37, 38, 39, 45, 148, 149. 

Bones, Injoiries of, MuseTjm 152 

Bonas, Troubled by iraects, 59, 72. 

Bon^, Gsrmany, The Professor from 63, 81 

Bontecou, Dr. E. B. , U. S. Vols. 9. 78, 147, 148. 

Bonwill, Dr. W. G. A., Dentist, Philadelphia, Pa. 117, 118. 

Books from dismantled hospitals 27,34, 39. 

Booth, J. W, , assassin 68, 108, 153. 

Borden, Dr. W. C. , U. S, Army. 122 

Bovae, Dr. J, W., Washington, D. C, 147, 148, 151. 

Brackett, Dr. J, E,, Washington, D. C. 150 

Brady, M. B. , War Photographer. 79, 

Brailey, Dr. L. H. , V. S., U. S. Army 50, 146. 

Breastplate, 18 

Brocht, N. D. , Anatomist, lAiseum, 124. 

Bridgman, Laura, deaf-mute. 153 

Brinton, Dr. J, H. , U. S, Vols, Curator, Musevun 1,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,12,14,15, 

16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 25A, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 64, 65, 146, 148. 

Brinton as Saint Denis, 32 

Brinton "Memoirs". 5,6,8, 10, 14, 15, 1£, 19,21,22,24, 30 ,31 ,34 

Brooke, Lloyd. 51 

Brooks, Dr. P. H. , Washlnc ton, D. C. 151. 

Brown, Dr. C. W. Washington, D, C., 150 

Brown, G. 0., photographer. Museum 37. 

Brown, Dr. H. E. , U. S. Army, 7, 

Brown, Dr, E. W. , Washington, D. C. 151 

Brueckheimer, Dr. v[. , Washington, D. c« 151 

Bryan, Dr. J. H. , Washington, D. C. , 150 

Bryant, Dr, Henry, U. S. vols. 146, 148. 

Bucishola preparations, Musevun. 150 

Buxlats, fusion of 64 

Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C. 103, 146,151. 

Busey, Dr. S, C, Washington, D. C. 150 

Butler, Dr. W. K, , Washington, D. C. 151, 

Byrne, Dr, C, C, U, S, Aany 147, 148. 

Calculi, Muaeum, 146, 147, 153. 



Ill 

Caldwali^ Dr. C. T* , Washington, L; C. 151 

Calf hair goods 70 

Ce.mpbell,__Dr. H. F., Augusta, Ga. 84 

Cans for speoimans, 21 

Carpenter, Dr. J. F. , U. S. Vols., 14 

Carroll, Dr. Jamas, U. S, Army, Museum 109, 114,119, 122: 123. li;5. 126.133. 136. E 
151. . I ..... , 

Carroll, Dr. James, Publications by, 118, 120,121. 

Carvallo, Dr. Carlos, U.S.A. 146 

Case.3 for the Museum, 17,20,21,33,35,41,93 

Casts, Masevim. 33,36,153. 

Catalogi^es of the Museum 10,14,57,86,93,95,104,117 

HumEt.ii Anatomy Sectr.on 74,76,81 

Surgical Section (1366) 35,41,42,73 

Kedice..! Saction (IBS?) 44,73 

Microscopical ^Section (1867) 45,73 
Cathcartine 15S 
Cattle, Diseases of 51 

Chftdwick, Dr. D. W. , Washington, D. C, 151 
Chsppell, Dr. J. W. , Washington, D. C. 150 
Chemical laboratory, Surgan General's Office. 26,61,66 
Chests, military medical, Museum. 153. 
Children's Hospital, Washington, D. C. 150 
Childs, Dr. C. W. , Washington, D. C. 151 
Circu.lar letters 

Requesting information 101 

Requesting epecimenfe, 28, 125 
Circular orders 

Es=*questing books, No. 6 (1855) 34 

Requesting crania, (1868) 41 

Slush funds of hospitals. No. 15 (1865) 37 

Transportation of Specimans, No, 2 (1875) 69 
Circulars 

No. 2, 1862, Specimens 1, 2 

No. 2, 1.367, " 43 

No, 2, 1869, excisions 45, 56 

No. 3, 1871, Rufigical cases 61 

No, 5, 1062, History of the War 2 

No. 6, 1065, History of the War 39 * - 

No. 7, 1867, amputations 46 * 

No. 9, 1877, Traneportation 77 

No, 26, 1863, specimens 25A 

1868, photographs, casts, &c, 48, 50 

Requesting specli;en8. 96 
Classification of specimens 42,44,45,90,126,133 
College of Physicians^, Philadelphia, Pa 52,58,146 
Collins, Dr. C, R., Waahlngton, D. C. 151 
Columbia Hospital for Won»n, Washington, D, C. 124 
Columbian College Medical Ifeculty. See National Medical College 
Comfort, Dr. A. I., Contract Surgeon. 51,75,146 

Comparative Anatomy Section, Museum 38,75,76,82,83,85,86,88,2117, 149 
Congresses. 

American Physicians and Surgeons, Washington, D, C. 101 



IV 



Congresses, 

Tuberculosis, New Yorjc City. 122 
UniteT States. 51 
Conner, Dr. P. S. , U. S. Army, 146, 148 
Contributors of specimens 145 
Contour of sicull, instrument for meaauriiig 81 
Cook, Dr, G. T. , Washington, D. C. 151 
Cook, Dr. G. Wythe, Washington, D. C. 150 
Coojt^, Dr. S. L. , Washington, D. C, 150 
Coolidge, Dr. E. H. , U. S. Army. 24 
Cooper, David, Soldier, 16th Penna, Cav. 66 

Corcoran School House, Washington, D. C, 16,17,19,20,21,22,24 
Corcoran, W. W. , Washington, D. C. 17, 20 
Coroner, Washington, D. C. 150 
CouQs, Dr. Elliott, U. S. Army. 146 

Craig, Dr. B. F. , Chemist, Musaum laboratory. 26, 77 

Crane, Dr. C. H, , Asst. Surg. General. D. S. Army, 22,31,32,37,50,51,53,55, 
64,66,70, 84 

Crania and cranial coliaction, Museum 50, 52,53,54, 55, 56, 66A, 56B,60 ,85 »89, 
91,114,123,146,149 
Craniophore« 83,89 
Crosby, Dr. W. D. , U. S, Army. 146 
Culbertson, Dr. Howard, U. «5. Vols. 147 
Curator of Museum. 20,22,24,31,117 
Curtis, Dr, Edward, U. S. Army Museum 27,36,45,55,57. 

" Publications by 45,56,59,60 
Cushing, Prank H. Sea H,9n3nway Expedition, 92 

Daniel, Dr. 2. T, , Indian Agency 148 

Dante's "Inferno" 32 

Dean, Dr. H. M. , Contract Surgeon. 147,148 

Dedlow, George, Se Dr. 5. Weir, Mitchell, 39.40 

Dental Collection, Museum. 109,111,153. 

Devereux, Ur. J. R. , Washington, D. C. 151. 

DeWitt, Dr. Calvin, U. S. Army, Muaaum and (Bibrary, 120,121,133 

Dexter, Dr. J. E. , Washington, D. C. 151 

Dissections, Museum 153 

Division of Surgical records. 65, 80,85,144 

Donnally, Dr. Williams, Dentist, Waahington, D, p. 109, 148 

Jieaper, J. W. , New York City. 74 

Draper, Dr. L. J., Washington, D. C. 150 

DnJjs donated to Museum 15 

Duffey, Dr. H. C, Washington, D. C. 151 

Duties of ladical officers of Museum 3, 71 

Dwight, Dr. Thomas, Heirvard University 101 

Eclipse of sun 55 

Ectopic gestation, Museum 152 

Edwards, Dr. L. A. , U. S. Army 50 

Eisenberg, Dr. Arthur, ArAtomist, Museum 142, 143 

Eliot, Dr. J, L. , Washington, D. C. 150 

Eliot, Dr. Johnson, Washington, D; C. 147,148,150 

Enbryology 152 

Bnmons, Mrs. Waltha, Washington, D. C. 95 

Erbach, Dr. Amelia, Washington, D. C, 150 



^Tibryology 152 

Bumons, Mrs. Weltha, Washington, D. C. 95 
Erbach, Dr. Amolia, Washington, D. C. 150 
Erichsan, "U'. S. , Lonaon, England 67 
Evans, Dr, W. W. , Washington, D. C. 151 
^i, Dr. P. F., Nashvilli, T^nn. 147 
Exp^rinrantal shot frac&Uds, Museum 147 
Expositions; 

Buffalo, (1901) 121 

Chicago, (1893) lO? 

Madrid, (1892) 107 

Nw Orleans (1884-5) 3, 87, (1903) 107 

Omaha (1898) 114 

Panaja*Pacific„ San Francisco (1915) 142 

Paris (1367) 38, 44 

Philadalphia, (1676) 70, 72, 73 

Tuberculosis, Baltimore, (1904) 124 
Eye Bpecimons, !4iseum, 103 
I^bar, Hermann, Artist, ^4usJum, 32 
Fenwick, Ti-. G. P., Washington, D. C. 151 
Fernald, Dr. F. C.^ Washington, D. C. 151 
Finley, Dr. M, F., Dentist, Washington, D^ C. 148 
Fire at Mussiam 40, 69,' 80 
Flint, Dr. Austin, Buffalo, N, Y, 84, 85 
Floyd, D. 0., Principal Clerk, Museum, 135 
Forbes, Dr. 33 

Ford, Dr. C. M. , Washington, D. C. 146, 150 
Ford's Th^atar, Washington, D. C. 41, 46, 47, 108 
Fort Bayard, N. M. , Tuberculosis Hospital 147 
Forwood, Dr. W. H. , U.S. Army 51, 148 
Foster, Dr. H. A., Washington, D, C. 151 
Fractures, Museum, 152 
Franca, Government of, 54, 81 
Rrancis, Dr. J. P., Washington, D. p. 150 
Franzonj , Dr. C. W. , Washington, D. C. 150 
Freiddnan's Bur^u. 50 

Freadman's Hospital, Washington, D. C. 30, 38, 149, 150 
French, Dr. ff, F. , U. S. Vols. 146 
French, Dr. R. D. DeL. , Washington, D. C. 151 
Friedenwald, Dr, Ha,rry, Baltijoora, Md. 121 
Frozen sections, Museum. 153 
Fry, Dr. H. D. , Washington, D; C. 150 
Fryer, Dr. B. E, , U, S. Army 51, 147 
Puller, Dr. A. H. , Djntist, Stl Louis, Mo. 146 
Fungous Foot of India 152 
FurnesB, Rev. Dr. W. H. , Philadelphia, Pa. 40 

Gaillard, Dr. E. S, , Richmond, Va, 48 

Gamgee, Prof. John, London, England 51 

Garfield, J, A., President, TJhitod States 82, 83, 153 

Garnett, Dr. A. Y, P., Washington, D. C, 150 

Gawler, Alfred, Superintendent Museum. 69 

Georgia Board of H.ialth, l43 



VI 

George Washington University Hospital 151 
Garmer, t;. W. 90 

Germs «., 62, S2 

Gibbs, Gaorga 51 

Gibson, Dr. C. B. , Richinona, Va. 48 

Gioson, Dr. ivin. , Philaaslphia, Pa. 4, 48, 56 

Gibson cabinet. 4, 4S, 49, 56, 58, 75. 

Gilbert, Dr. C. B., Washington, D. C. 151 

Gilbert, Dr. E. H., U. s. Vols, 8 

Girard, Dr. A. C, U. c;. Anax 147 

Glaeson, Dr. J. K. P., Washington, D. C. 1501 

Goldsmth, Dr. M. , U. S. Vols., 14 

Goodall, Dr. D. V., Washin ton, D. C. 151 

Goodwillia, Dr. D. H. , Dentist, New Yoric City. 147 

Goulding, W, E., Hospital Steward, S. S. A., 33 36 

Gouley, Dr. J. w, s. , Contract Surgaon 147, 148 

Graham, Dr. N. v., Washington, " d. r- 161 

Grant, General U. S. , tJ. S. Army 64, ^5 

Gray, Dr. C. C, U, S. Army 51 

Gray, Dr. W. M. , Microscopist &c. , Musaum 88.95,96,107, 108.114.138 

Gray, Dr. W. M, , Publications by 103, l04, 109 

Graen, Dr. L. S., Wasnington, P. c., 151 

Graen, Dr. w. p. Washington, D. C. 151 

Greenville, Alq., Public Schools, 142 

Gross, Dr. S. D. , Philadelphia, Pa, 84, 85 

Guide Book to Musaum 93 

Guiteau, C. J., assassin, 83, 153 

Gunshot wounds. Museum 152 

Gurley, Rev. Dr. P D. , Washington, D. C. 17 

Eachanbarg, Dr. G- P., U. S, Army 146 

Hagnar, Dr. c- E. , Washington, p. C, 150 

Hale, Eev. E. E. , Boston, Mass., 40 

Hamilton, Dr. Pranic, Now York City 89 

Hamlin, Dr. A. C, U. S- Army 25 

Hammond, Dr. W, A., Sugaon Gan-.ral U.S.Army 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10,12,16,17,18. 

Eardie, J. «., Assistant Adjt. Gan. , U. S, Aemy. 21 

Hardin, Dr. -r. L. , Washington, D. C. 151 

Hart, Dr. M. E. , Washington, D. C. 150 

Hartigan,- Dr. J. F. , Washington, D. r- 83, 147, 150 

Hartehorne, Dr. Edward, ^Philadelphia, Pa. 14 

Hava^d, Dr. Valary, U S. .AA, Musjum & Library. 133. 137 

Hawlay, J. P., u. q. Sefiator 84 

Hayas, R. B. , Prasident United States. 77 

Ha^an, Dr. D. H. , Washington, D. q. 150 

Healy, Dr. D. J., Anatomist, Museum. 124, 125, 126, 133 136 

Heiberger. Dr. I. J,, Washington, D. C. 150 

Heizmann, Dr. C. L», U. S. Army, Musaum and Library 123. 133 

Helton, Dr. A. S., Washington, D. C. 151 

Hemanway Expedition. 92, 149 

Hanry, Prof. Josaph, Smithsonian Institution. 48. 53. 71 

Hanry, Patrick 151 ... 

Hewit, Dr. H. S. , U. S. Vols. 146, 148 

Hichling, Dr. D. B. , UasBin^tcSn, D. C, 14b 



VII 

Hillyer, Dr. Rrancas, Washington, D. q. 151 

Hindinan,~T)r. S. S., Anatomist, MuBeum, 139 

Hiatoriacl collaction of irEtrrnients, Musauna 66 

Histo'ty at tha War of tha Rebellion, Medical & Surgical 3.7.25B. 30.3^,39, 

59.68,71,75,79,86. 103 

Hitchcock, S. A., Major Ganaral, U. S. Army. 17 

Hocig.3, Dr. E. R,, Anatomist, Musevun, 103.105,115,110,123,147 148 

Hodgen, Dr. J. T. , U, S. Vols. 14,147,148 

Hoff, Dr. J. V. R. , U. S. Army 78 

Holden, Dr. R. T. , Washington, D. C. 151 

HoimeB, Dr. 0, W, , Boston, ffess. 85 

Hoist, Dr. L, , Russian Navy, 25B 

Holston, Dr. J. G, F. , Washington, D. C. 58, 150 

Hookworm Exhibit 143 

Hospital Gangrena 152 

Hospital Ship "Rdliaf" 115 

Howard Univ^^rsity Medical Dapartmant, Washington, D. C. 136 

Hrdlicka, Alas, Ui S. National Musstim .23 

Hudson, Dr. W. Li Luray, ia.i 151 

Hughas, Dr. W; D* , Washington, D. C. 151 

Human Anatomy eactibn bf Musaxim 74, 76, 81 

Hunt, Dr, Wm. , Philadjlphidi Pa. 5 

Huntington, Dr. D. L. , U. 3; Army, Musaum & Library 74, 82,84,6S, 109, 

110,111,114 

Huntington, Publications by 74,86,87,114 

Hyoid bona 102 

Hypodermic syrin^^as. Museum, 153 

Hyrtl, Prof. Joseph, Bianna, Austria. 23 

Indian Mounds, 148 

Infectipms diseases, Museum. 152 

Innominate artary, ligation 79 

Insects and spacimans, Mus3um 59, b72 

Instruments, historical collSctions, Museiun, 66, 153 

International Congress, Hygiene and Demography, Washington, D. C, 140 

International Congress of Tuberculosis, New York City 137 

International Health Commission. 143 

International Municipal Congress, Chicago, 111 139 

Irwin, Dr. B. J, D, , U. S. Army, 147 

"Items of Interest" 148 

tyaneway, Dr. J. H, , U. S. Arrao. 48, 49, 89 

Jannay, Dr. Edgar, Washington, D. C. 150 

Jars for Musaum, 8, 9, 23, 25A, 26, 27, 36, 44 

Johnson, Dr. J, Taber, Washington, ^D. C. 147,150 

Johrson, Dr. Lincoln, Washington, D, C, 151 

Johnston, Dr. Christopher, Baltimofa, Md. 146 

Johnston, Dr. W, W. , Washington, D. C. 146, 150 

Joint Conmittee on Vivisection, Washington, D. C. 113 

Jones, IJr, C. W. , U. S. JTols. 146, 148 

Judson, Dr. C. A., U.S. Vols. 147, 148, 

Zaan, Dr. W. W. , Contract Surgeon, 15,33,40,28,147,148 

Kannon, *Dr. J. C. W. , Mlcroscopist, Museum 37,45,67. 

Kaysar, Dr. C. S. , Washington, D. C, 151 

Kiaiball, Dr. E. S. , Washington, D'. C ^^0 



VIII 



King, Dr. S. F. , Washington, D. C. 150 
King, Dr_j_N, E. , Washington, D. C. 151 
Kyia, Mrs. J. R. N. , Wasnington, D. C. 115. 

Laboratory, Museum, 119,137,138 

laGarda, Dr. L. A., U. s- A,, Utaeemn, 137,135,147 

148.liafi49ft5?^°^"^' ■*^'''™' 25,58,45.48,63,82.83.95,107,1^3,133, 
?fn^J??*J?"' ^^ 25,63,75,83,86.87,88,90,95.103.104,105,107,105,109 

lamb, Dr. Isabel H. , Washington, D. C. 150 
Laab, Dr. J, M. , Library, S. G, 106 
Iamb, Dr. r, <,., Washington, D. c, 150 
Lantern slides 57 

larrey, Baron D. J,, Paris, Franca 19 
Larrey, F. H. 60 
Laub, Dr. C. H. , U. S, Army 15 
Lawson, Thoe, Surgeon General, u. s. A. 2 
LeConte, Dr. John 70 

LeComte, Dr. E. M. , Anatomist, Museum 139,140 
Le3, Dr. Wta. , Washington, D. C. 103 
Leech, Dr. D. 0., Washington, D. C. 151 
Leech, Dr, Frank, " " " 15Q 

Leidy, Dr. Joseph, Contract Surgeon. 5, 7, 101, 147 
Lewis, Dr. J. B., Surg. U. S. 5?ols. 146, 148 

Library, Surgeon General's Offics 80. 85.94,110,113,114.138 141 
Lidell, Dr. J. A., U. S, Pols. 24, 147,148 
Lincoln, President, U. S. , A sassination of 34. 41 68 
" Blood of 108 » . . 

" Overshoes of 57 
Lincoln, Dr. N. s-, Washington, D. C. 4.56,147,148.150 
Lincoln, E. T. , Secretary of War, 82, 85 
Lithographic Press, Museum, 52 
Litters, Masoum, 153 

Little, Dr. J, W. , Washington, D. C. 150 
Livingstone, Dr. Davia, African explorer* 153 
Lovejoy, Dfi, J. W. H. , Washington, D. c- 151 
Ludlow, Dr. C. S. , Museum, 140, 143 
McArdle, Dr. T» 15., Washington, D. c 150 
McCall, Dr. C. A., U, S. Army 146, 148 
McCaw, Dr. W. D. , U. S. Army, Museum 1 ^ibrary. 138.130 
McConnell, Dr. J» C, Anatomist, Museuia 83,89,110,112,113,116,122.124 
MaCulloch, Dr. c- C. U, s. Army, Mussujn and Library. 140.143 
McCulloch, S. L, 151 ^ 

McSldarry, Dr. nanry, U. S. Army 146 
McGill, Dr. g- M. , U. S- ^rmy 146 148 
Mc(jill University, Montreal, Canada. 135 
McKee, Dr. J. p., u. S. Army 51, 146, 148 
I/Iagruder, Dr. E. P., Washington, D. C. , 151 
r-lagrudar. Dr. G. L. , Washington, D. C. 150 
Mahone, U, S. Senator, Wm, , 67, 88 
MalforiBations, f^isaum. 152. 
Markoe, 'Dr. T. M. , N. Y, City, 9 



IX 



Marehall, Dr. C. H. , Washington, -n. C. , 151 
Martin, -Br, Thomas, Washington, D. C. 151 
Matila, Prof. G. A. , 54 

Matthews, Dr, Washington, U. S, Amy, Museim 51,86,87,90,91,92,93,103,105, f^'h 
j!<i 116, 123 

Matthews, Publications by, 88,89,104,108 

Mauss, Dr. p. G. , Washington, D. c. , 150 

Medals 103 

Medical Befpartment U. S. Army, History of, 7 

K^dical medals, Museum, 103 

Medical Section, Museum, 31, 36, 38, 76. 

Medical Society, District of Columbia. 113. 

Medical & Surgical History of the War 

Mensel, Dr. E, Ki , Gotha, Germany 73 

Mew, Dr. W. M. , Chemist, Museum. 66, 122, 125 

Microphotohraphy, Museum 153 

Microscopes and accessories, Museum. 31,36,41 

Microscopical Section of Museum. 4,27,28,31,38,50,76 

Microscopical Slides and apparatus. o3,25,25B,28,31,56 

Miles, Dr, B. B. , Contract Surgeon, 147, 148 

Miller, Dr. J. P., Washington, rt, C, 151 

Millasr, Dr. Itoomas, Washington, D. C 4, 56 

Minor, Dr. W. c., U. s. Army. 148 

Miscellaneous Section, Museum, 38,76,86,153 

Missiles, Museum, 153 

Mitchell, Dr. J, A., Philadelphia, Pa. 40 

Mitchell, *Dr. J. T. , 151 

Mitchell, Dr. S. Weir, Philadelphia, Pa 39, 40 

Mivart, St. George, London, England. 58 

Models, Museum, 152 

Honstrositiee, Museum , 152 

Moore, Clarence B., Philadelphia, Pa, 148 

Moore, Dr, John, Surgeon General U. s» Army. 101 

Moran, Dr. J. p., Washington, D. C. 150 

Morgan, Dr. ^.. C., Washington, D. C. 150 

Morgan, Dr. E. L. , Washington, D. C. ISO 

Morgan, Dr, J. D. , Washington, D. C. 139 

Morris, Dr. G, g- , Washington, D. C. 151 

Morrison, F. a., Indianapolis, Ind 101 

Morton, Dr. s, g. , Philadelphia, Pa. 78 

Moseley, Dr. N, R. , U. S- Vols. 1?2,147,148 

Moses, Dr. Israel, U. S. vole. 147, 148 

Moss, Dr, Win,, U. s, vols,. Museum. 9, 10, 11, 22,23, 25A, 26 

" Publications by, 8 
Muncaster, Dr. Magruder, Washington, D. c> # ISO 
Muncaster, Dr. 0. M. , Washington, D. C. 151 
Munn, Dr. c. «. , U, S. Army 146 
Murfree, Dr. J. B., Murfressboro, Tenn. 142 
Murphy, Dr. P. J., Washington, D.- C. 146, 150 
M^xrray, Dr. Sober t. Surgeon Gereral, U. S. Army, 15, 85 
M-it;eum <t Library Division. 85. 110, 126, 135, 144 
Mv.3©um. See Army Medical Museum 

Agricultural Deprtment 54, 55 



Blackmore, Englana 58 

Fort Pitt, England 19 

Nat ley, England 19 

Oxford, England 58 

Paabody, Cambridge, Mass. 58, 67, 84 

U. S. National. 52, 88, 92, 114, 123, 148, 149. 150 

Val-da-Grace, France. 19 
Mussay, Dr, E. D. , U.S. Army 8 

Myers, C, J., Ghief Clsr^, Museum 1,85, 119, 123,125 
Itotional Acadamy of Sciences 55,56,57,70 ?1 108 
National Board of Haalth 107 ' ' 

Sti^.! M^^Jf u ^°^^'^"' Washington. D. C- 4,41.56.146,148 
National Mouth Hygianj Association 140 • • • * 

Naala, Dr. R. A., Washington, D. C. 151 

Naat3. Dr. J. .S., Bacteriologist, Museum 116,119,136.138.139 

Njcroscopijs 38, 144, 149 ... ^o,x<3^ 

N^man, Dr. H. M. , Washington, ^D. C. 150 

Niw York Hospital 55 

Nichols, H. H., Engravat, Museim. 37 

"Nightwork" 25 

Ncrris, Dr. Basil, U Si Army. 150 

Norris, Dr. w. F. , U. S. Army 63, 74,147,148 

Norton, Dr. C. A., Museum 112, isl 

Notson, Dr. W. M. , U. s. Army 146jl48 

Noyes, Dr. H. D. , New York City 103 

Ober, Dr. G. C. , Washington, D. C. 151 

Office hours 43,114,116,124 

Oliver, Dr. G. H. , u. S. Army 51 

Ophthalmoscopas, Museum 121 153 

O'Railly, Dr. R. M. , U. S. Army 150 

Otis, Dr. G. A., n- S. Army 1,2,3,4,27,29.31.32.34 35 38 41 47 49 sn ^2 s*^ 

54,55,56,58.60.63,65.66, 67,75,77,78;81,110 •'^^.^8,41,47,49.50,52,53, 

Otis Publicatior.s by 1.2,39.46.55,59,61,71.74.75.77,78,81,86,87 

Oaolengui, R., Dentist. Editor, N, Y. City 148 ' ' • • 

O-.ven, Dr. W. 0., jj. S- Army, Museum & Library. 143 

Paga, Dr. Charles, ^. S, Army, 146 
Palmer, Dr. G. S. , Washington, p. C. 146,150 
Pancoast, Dr. G. L. , U. S. Vols. 146,148 
Papier macha, Moaels Museum 152 
Parasites, Museum 152 

Parsons, Dr. ^fe^y, Washington, D. C. 146,150 
Pathological Society, San Francisco, Cal, ,' 37 
Pa.tterson, Dr. D. C, Washington, D. C. 150 
Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Mass. 56A 57 84 
Periglyph 89 ' 

Perkins, Dr. J. W. , Kansas City, Mo. 101 
Perley, Dr. T. F. , U, S. Army 7, 8, 
Perry, Dr. G. N. , Washington, D. C, 151 
Persian Insect Powder, Museam, 72 
Peters, Dr. D. C, U. S, Army 51, 147.148 
Phillip ines 147,148 

Photographs of as assins of Presidant Lincoln 34 
composite 88 



XI 

PhotograpDs, distribution of 55,52,55,145 

" gaik-y, Muse-am 30,31,33,35,39,40 

_ negativje by Brady 78, 79 

" ridgativas mislaid 70 

Photograi^hic History of th^ V'ar 79 
Pohl^rs, A., artist, ?/hiS3um. 30 
Pompaii, inetrumsnts, 153 
Pool, Dr. B.«, Washington, D. C. 151 
Pope, Dr. B. F. , U. S. Army. 85, 110, 151 
Porter, Dr, J. H. , Museum, 27,30,36 
Post mortam axaminations, Saa nscroscopi ;s. 
Pouch.jB, hospital corps, Mus.jmi 153 
Prehistoric ana prjcolumbian spEira^ns, Musaun 153 
Prantiss, Dr. D. W. , Washington, D. C, 151 
Publications illustrataa by Musjum SfHJimana. 60 
Purman, Dr. ^. J., \^shington, D. C. 151 
Purvis, Dr. C. B. , Washington, D. C. 151 
Quick, Dr. L., U. s. Vols. 14 
Quintuplats, 143 

Baacliffa, Dr. S. J., Washington, D. C. 151 

Ramsay, Ganaral G. D. , U. S. Ariny, 11 

Hamsburgh, Dr. J. ^. , Washington, t.. C. 151 

Pautarbarg, Dr. L. E. , ^'asnington, D. C, 112 113 

Pardon, F. J., Mus juti 68 

Recaptions and Exhibitions at Musjuta 49. 51, 54, 55, 57,62,87 lOi 105 

Bscord and Pansion Division 72,80,85, 1C4 144 ' ' 

Rcicords 144 ' 

Saed, Dr. Waltar, U. S. Army 107,108,112,113,118,119.120,122 

Publications by 118,120,121,124 
Reily. Dr. J. f. . Washington. D. C. 151 
Repairs 145 

Reyburn. Dr. Robart, '■''ashirgton, D. C; 82 

Rice, Eamund, U. S, Vols. 64, 65 

Rica. Dr. Gaorg^j-. Division Surgical Pscords 151 

Richardson, Dr. T. G. , Now Orleans, La. 79 84 

Rickdts. Museum. 153 ' 

Riggs Bank Building. 7 

Robbins, Dr. H. A., V-'ashingtcn, D. C. 151 

Roberts, Dr. Graca, Washington, D. C. 151 

Robins, Dr. W. L. , Washington, D. C. 151 

Robinson, Dr. C. E. , V. S. , Washington, D. C. 147 

Rocky Mountain ^sver 78 

Rosacrana, General W, s., U. S. Army 84 

Ross, Dr. W. H. , Wasnington, D. c. 150 

Rossa, Dr. I. C. , Museum & jjibrarv. 58, 67 

Royal Collaga of "Sirgaons Iraiand 52 

" " n „ London 3? 

Rucicer, General D, H. , U. S. Army 43 
Russia, Spacimens donataa to 55 

" Float of 25B, 55 

Russall, Dr. F. F. , U. S. Army, r^isaum 120,136,138,140 

St. Denis 32 

Sands, -Q. F. , U- S. Navy 55 



XII 

Sanitary Co.TiniGsion, History of 8 

Schaolfar, Dr. Ea M. , Microscopist , ?^seum 33,45,60,67,151 
Sciiafhirt, A. J., Musami 7, 15, 36, 28, 38, 14c, 149 

Schafnirt, Fradarlch, Anatomist, Mussum. 4,5,7, ic, 16, 21, 22,25, ^8, 42, 77,80,147 
Schultze, 1%., draftsman, Mus-aroi. 37 

Scott, Dr. J, R. , Bacteriologist, Musorm. 139,140,143 
Scott, Captain R. M. , U. Q. Arrr.y. 79 
Soxton, Dr. Saniudl, Dantist, w. Y. City 148 
Shadd, Q". F. J., Washington, D. C. 150 
Shakespeara, Dr. 5. 0., U. s- Vols. 119,124 
Sballanbarg-ar, Hon. W. s. 83 
Sherborne, J. J., U. ?^. Army. 17 
Shrady, Dr. G. F. , Contract Siorgaon. 14,147,148 
Shafaldt, Dr, R. w. , u. c. Arniy. Museum. 82,83,85,86,87 
Shut 3, Dr. D, K. , Washington, D. C. 151 

Sickles' Idg; Viajor Gjnjral -p. 1=;. Sickte, u. S. Vols. 18, 153 
Sillers, Dr. R. F. , Washington, D. C. 151 
Simons, Dr. I., U. S. Army . 48 

Simpson, Sir. J. Y. , Edinboro, Scotland, daath of 57 
Skin disaasas. 152 

Slattary, Dr, J. J., Washington, D. C. 151 
Slush funds of ha?)itals. 37,45 
Smatt, Dr, Charlas, U. S. Army. 103,113,145 
Smith, Dr. D. P., U. S. Vols. 146,148 
Smith, Dr. Geo. X., Contract Sixrgdon. 146 
S..-,ith, Dr. J, R. , u. S. Army. 8,16,17 
Smith, Dr. T. C. , Washington, D. C. 120,147,150 

Smithsonian Institution, Wash! gton, D. C. 48,52,53,54,58,80,148,149. Sea 
also U. S. National Museum. 
Smyth, Dr. A. W. , Naw Orleans, La. 79 
Society for Medical Improvamont, Boston, ^'ass. 37 
Soldier's Home, Washington, D. C. 150 
Sothoron, Dr. J. T. , Washington, H C. 150 
Souchon, Dr. Earaond, New Orleans, La. 79 
Sowers, Dr. Z. T. , Washington, D. C. 83 
Spackman, Dr. M. D. , Washington, D. C. 151 
Spanish- American War 114 

SpecLT.3na, Directions for preying and sending to Museum, 2,5,8,9,12,25^,28, 
29,34,43,47,50,115,125 
" Doatad 52,55,67,84,114,123,155,136,137,142,143,145 

" Exchanges of 36,18,114,58,75 

" from Army of PctoMic, 16 

" " Itedaricksburg battle- fi aid. ICl 

" " - Gettysburg battlj-field 18 

" " Hemenveay acDddition 92 

" " HosT^itals 21, 

" " Louisville, Ky. 19 

" " NatioaL Meaica. Collage, Washington, D. C. 56 

" " Smithsonian Institution, Sid Smithsonian Institution. 

" " Vicksburg, Miss. e5B 

" to illustrate publications 60 

Loaned 12^122,124,136 ,137,139,140,142 

Number in MuseujJ. 10, IS, 31, 5o, 50, 60 ,71,75,86, 145 

Preservatives us.jd. 10,13,14,25B 

ftaqudsts for. See DirectioiB for. 

Sjsc3 for. 103,117,141 



XIII 

Specl-a.sns, ir. Surgeon Gonaral's Oificj. I 

" Transportation of 43,69,78 

SpdxiCdr.-Dr. T. C, U. S. Army, 34 
Springs of Wat^r in cuilar of ?4isjum building 44 
Sphygmomanom^torB 153 

Stanton, E. M, , Sacretary of War. 24,30,32 
Stanton, Dr. J. 0., Washington, D. C. 150 
Siauch, S. , artist, tlusdum, 15,30 

Staarns, Dr. John, Division of S\artical P3Cords, 27,67 
Storliiig, Dr. Hlisha, Cldv^land, Ohio. 147 
Starnal rib. 101, 102 

Starnberg, Dr. G. M. , Surgeon General U. S. Army 120 
Stethoscopes, r^s^iom 153 

Stille, Dr. c. J., Sanitary Commission. 8 
Stone, Dr. Brinton, U. S, Army, Misaum. 22, 25A, 26, 27, 28,36 
Stone, C. G., Washiggton, D. C. 151 
Stone, Dr, I. S. , Washington, D. C. 147,148,151 
Stone, Dr. R. K. , Washington, D. C. 4,56 
Street, Dr. D. B. , Washington, D. C. 151 
Strobel, Dr. M. L. , Washington, r.. r.- 151 
Subclavian artery, ansuryam 79 
Sucklay, Dr. George, 51 

Suddarth, Dr. ITi L. , Washington, D. C. 151 
Sully, Thonas, artist 49. 
Sumby, Dr. S. A., Washington, d. C. 151 
Summers, Dr. J. E. , U. S. *Army. 148 
Sumner, Dr. J. J. Washington, D. C. 151 
Sun, eclipse of 55. 

Surgical section of Museum 26,31,38,76 
Sw;et, Dr. 0, P., U. vS. Army 146 
Swift, Dr. Ebenazjr, U, S. Army. 75,147 
Sword & Saber wounds. Museum, 152 

Tancil, Dr, A. W. , Washington, D, C. 150 

Taylor, Dr. W. H. , Washington, D; C. 151 

Tooth. 148 

Texas Anti- tuberculosis Association. 137 

Thdrmometers, Museum. 153 

Thompson, Dr. J. F. , Washington, D. C. 151 

T.^onipson, Dr. J. H. , Washington, D. C. 150 

Thomson, Dr. Vm, , U. S. Arnjy. 24,32, 65,74,148 

Tilden, Dr. W. C. , Chemist, Musmm, 61 

Tilton, Dr. H, R. , U. S. Army 146 

Tollos, R. B., Lens, 19 
Tomahawk wounds, Museura, 152 
Toner, Dr. J. M,, Washington, D. C. 66, 150 
Torney, Dr. G. H. , U. S. Army. 115 
Town, Dr. F. L., U. S. Army. 14,51 
Towneend, E. D. , Adjutant Genoral, U. S. Armyi 71. 
Tracy, Porter, Muacfum. 103, 105 
Transparencijs, Mus3\m. 153 
Transportation a pliances, MuBjum. 152 
Trays for MuaevLn. 54 

Treuholtz, Dr. C. A., c ntract Surgeon. 147 
Tripler, Dr. C. S- , U. S. Army. 1,2, 



XIV 

Tropical ciis-jases, Boara for study of 147 
Tubsrcuiesis Congress, N3W Yoric City. 122 
Tulana University, N3W Orlaans, la.. 142 
lyier, Dr. ffrafton, Washington, D. C. 151 
Tynda.ll, Prof. John^ London, .^gland. 62 
Typhoid fdv.jT in Spanish- American ^Far. 119 

University of Alabama 142 
" " N9bra9ka. 135 

" P^annsylvania. 4,5,7, 
Upshaw, Dr. A. W. , Washington, D. C. 151 

Vaccination instrumants, Musju.ti 153 
Vacuum apparatus, MusauiB. 153 
Van Arnuffl, Dr. J. W. , t^ashington, D, C. 150 
Vanaaricidft, Dr. B. A-, U. S. Vol4. 15,146.148 
Vaughan, Dr. V. C. , U. S. Vols. 119,124 
Verdi, Dr, T. S. , Washington, D. C. 151 
Vetarinary Hospital, Washineton, D. C. 147 
Virchow, Dr, Rudolph, Berlin, G-2rmany, 27,28 
Viscera, disaasas and injuries of, Mussum. ' 153 
Visitors to Mus.,3um 37,43,44,66,69 
Vivisoction. 112,113 

Waggaman, Dr, s- J., ^'ashington, D. C. 151 

Wagnjr, Dr. n -Linton, U. S. Army. 146, 148 

Walsh, Dr. -p. S. L. , I^s^a 25,25A, 27 

Walter, Dr. John, Washington, D. C. 150 

Waltvjr Eged Hospital, Wasnington, D. C. 141 

Warron, Liout. G. K. , U. S. Army. 51 

Washington Barracks Hospital, Washington, D. C. 150 

Washington, Gjorgd, Prasidant Unitad States. 151 

Waters, Dr. W. E. , U. S. Army. 65, 146 

Watts, Dr. S, T?. , Wasnington, n. C 151 

Waapons, in fJuseugj. 153 

Webster, Danijl. 151 

Weeds, Dr, J. F. , US S. Army. 51 

Wdir, Dr. R. F. , U. S. Army. 30,147,148 

Welch, Dr. Wa. , Baltimore, Md. 95 

Wheeler,- Lieut. G, M. , U. S. Army. 147 

Whiskeyas presargative. 10,15,21,25A, 29,30,34 36 71 
Wnitmora, Dr. Eugana E. , U. S. A., »lus mm. 140*143 
Wilkes, Charles, U. S. Navy 52 ' 

Williams, Dr. H. J., Washington, n. C. 151 
Williston, Dr. E. W. , Washington, j^, C 151 
Wills, Photographar, Museum. 36 
Wlngata, Henry. 17,21,35 
Winslow, Dr. C. B., Washington, D. C, 151 
Winter, Dr. E. C. r.. , Wasnington, D. C. 150 
Wistar, Mrs. Caspar. 40 
WittKugal, Erich, Honauras. 105,105 
Wood, E. C, Asst. Surg. Gen. l'. S; Army. 31 

Woodhull, Dr. A. A., U, S. Ar.^nu, Mus jum. 34,36,35,48.64.11- 120 
" Publication , by 41 .... 



XV 

Woodwaiid., Dr. J. J.. U. S. Army. Museum 2, 3,4,5, 7, 31, 25, 24, 25, 25A, 26, 2u, 28, 

30, 31, 3o, 33, 35, 36, 37, 37, 44, 47, 50, 51, 54, 55, 57, 61, 62, 68,?!, 72,73, 76 
79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 87, 1x0, 151 

Publications by. 26,37,39,41,44,46,47,51,52,56,59,60,61,62,66,67, 

68, 69, 70, 71, 7a, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82,87 
" Dr, W. c., V'ashington, D. C. 123 

V-'ooetar, Dr. Mary, Washington, D, C. 151 
Work, variety of ^tusau.a 3, 71 
%rt.Ta,n, Dr. J. L. , Anatomist, l^soum. 86,92,105 

" Publication by 108 
l*'yoth and Brothsr, Chcaiists, Philadelphia, Pa, 15 
Wyman, Prof. Jaffrias, Cambridg-a, f.'&ss. 56A,67,84 
Wyman, Dr. Walter, U. S. f^arina Hospital Sjrvic^. 107 

Yandell, Dr. D. W, , Louisvillj, Ky. 84 

Yarraw, Dr. H. C. , Contract Surgion, Musjum. 72,88,146.150 

Publication by 75,76 
Yatsjs,. Richard, U. S. S^nctor. 49 
Young, Dr. J. T, , Washington, D. C. 151 

Zuni Indians. 92 



Corrections in the Index, 

Insert thx following: 
Burglary, 39 

^-actions in n^es ^--'■-'. S,9,30. 

Backe should be Bache 

°"' ^' J- should ba J p. 
Correction in figuxxs 

Bureau Edunfio>,. . ■'•^'^ 
f^Iic^;1?X;id^^: J^^' ^^^' ^^^: insert 136 

^een. 88 snould be 78 
Kennon; 67 should be 57 

McCaw- l^n' J ^^°'^"^ ^^ 135 



CORRECTIONS 



Page I; Dr. Moselay was Surgeon U. S. Vols. 

Page 19; lath line from bottom; the words "should be Sximmar" should be 

in Bracicets. 
Page 23; after the words "General Barnes", add the date Sept. 24, 1863, 
Page 24; the parenthesis in Brinton's quotation should be brackets. 
Page 32; footnote; 133 should be 113 
Page 40; J. K. Mitchell should be J. A. Mitchell. 
Page 56B; The word "FlAtheads" should fte capitalized. 
Page 57; 5th line from top; cavies should be caries . 
Page 88; 8th line from top; circinoma should carcinoma 
Page 90; 3d line from top; er should be of 
Page 91; 7th line from top; Bd4 should be Bb4 
Page 96; 2d line of ooircular;^ not should be now . 
Page 100; tinder no. 18, trichinia should be trichinae 
Page 110; 11th line from top; Peur should be Peru . The paragraph 
at the bottom of tha page should not be in quotation marks. 
Page 112; in Dr. Reed's letter, "1. E. Eauterberg?" should be in brackets. 
Page 129; under 97, tschium should ischium 

Page 130; under 32, iesquaaation should be desqtiamative; under 81, inciser 
should be incised . 

Page 131; under 83411, tiSBured shoSld be fissiu-ed 
Page 138; F. P. Russell should be F. F. Russell 
Page 140; 15th line from top, Ludlaw should be Ludlow . 
Page 143; xlli in bottom line should be clii 
Page 146; 20th line from top; Johnson should be John ston 
29th line from top; Kartholf should Bartholf 

Page 147; 26th line froti top; G. H. Acker should be G. N. Acker 
Page 148; Hewitt In bottom paragraph should be Hewit 
Page 151; 9th line from top; J. 'Z, Baxter should be J. H. Baxter ; 
3d line from bottom, C. S. Winslow should be C. B. wjnslow . 
Several mistakes in spelling nontechnical words will be obvious and ne&d 
not be pointed out. 



TTIE AEI1Y l^TEDTCAL ^lUSEIJUI WASHINGTON" D,C. (l) 

On April 25, 1862, Dr. V'illiam A. Hammond, then an 

Assistant S-argson, was appointsd SxTrgeon General, U.S. Army. 
At that title, tiierc vver^ in the private ol*fic!e of 

the Surgeon General a few preparations of htman anatomy, v/hich 

had long been there, or in the adjoining library room. The 

collection comprised several htimnn crania, a skeleton, two vjrx 

injection?, de^ronstrnting the vascular system and made by Dr. 

C. S- Tripler, Surgeon, U.S.A., a wax injection made by Dr. 

N. R. Moseley, U.S.V,, and a few plaster casts and drav/ings. (2) 



(1) Miich space relatively has be6h given to the early 
history of the Museum. IvJatters are mentioned for that time 
of a character that, for later years, are omitted. The early 
history of every institution, like the childhood of an eminent 
person, Is always peculiarly interesting, aJxL is often diffi- 
cult to obtain. 

(2) See a memorandum on page 3 of Dr. G. A. Otis' Check 
list of the Section of Human Anatomy of the Museum, 1876. 
There is also a memorandum made about 1885 by C. J. Myers, 
Chief Clerk of the Museum, saying that Dr. Otis ha<i, .told him 
that sven before the issuance of Circular No. 2 ( infra ), 
specimens were sent by Medical Officers in the field and hos- 
pitals and had accumulated on the shelves of the Surgeon 
General's Office, and that this acc\jmulation suggested the 
Issuance of the circular. This statement of Mr. Myers does 
not agree with that of Dr. Otis in the text, nor does it agree 
with that of Dr. Erinton, who was the first Curator, and was 
in a position to know the facts, while to Dr. Otis it was a 
matter of hearsay. 



Dr. John H, Brinton, Brigade Surgeon, U.S. Vols., the 
first Curator of the lAiseum, in his address to the Army Medical 
School March 13, 1896 (see Journal American Medical Association, 



-2- 
March 28, 1896), said that "The beginning of the Masetan in August, 
1862 was very modest, consisting of three dried' and varnished spec- 
imens placed on a little shelf above the inkstand on the desk of 
the recently appointed Curator. " 



(3) There was a collection of specimens known as the collec- 
tion of Thomas Lawson, Surgeon General, U.S.A. (1836-61), in which 
were three injected preparations. and a skull. Two of the farmer 
are credited to Dr. Tripler, the other two specimens to Lawson. 
They are numbered 4, 5, 21 and 25 in the Anatomical Section of 
the Museum. It is probable that these, or a part of them, were 
among those mentioned by Drs. Otis and Brinton, The Museum 
records do not state when they were received. The statement by 
Dr. Otis in regard to Dr. Moseley is probably incorrect^ the 
anatomical specimens contributed by him are recorded as having 
been received in 1865. 



On May 19, Dr. J. J. Woodward, Asst. Surg., U.S.A., was 
assigned to duty in the Surgeon General's Office. General 
Hammond in less than one month after his appointment issued the 
following circular: 

Surgeon General's Office, Washington, D.C. 
May 21, 1862. 

Circular No. 2. 

As it is proposed to eetabliah in Washington an 
ifflZ Medical Mueeumf Medical Officers are directed diligently to 
collect and to forward to the Office of the Surgeon General all 
specimens of morbid anatomy, surgical or medical, which may be 
regarded as valuable; together with projectiles and foreign bodies 
removed; and such other matter as may prove of interest in the 
study of military medicine and surgery. These objects should be 
accompanied by short explanatory notes. Each specimen in the col- 
lection will have app6«4«4*. the name of the medical officer by 
whom it was prepared. 



-3- 
— On June 4, Dr. iferinton was assigned to special duty in the 
Surgeon General's Office. The specimens so far collected were 
placed in his charge and he was appointed Curator. On June 9, 
the Surgeon General isBUed the following: 

Surgeon General's Office, Washington, D.C, 
Jtine 9, 1862. 

Circular No, 5. 

Mo/i^ 1 ^ cu ''■^ ^^ intended to prepare for publication the 
Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion. 

The Medical portion of this work has been committed 
to Assistant Surgeon J. J. Woodward, United States Amy, and the 
Surgical part to Brigade Surgeon John H. Brinton, United States 
voltmteers. 

Not only, however, were these officers charged with the 
preparation of the History, as stated, but they were given charge 
of the I4iseum collections, and were also required to attend to 
many other important matters. From that time till now, the Army 
Medical Officers on duty at the Museum, besides their Museum work, 
have had a great variety of other duties to perform. 

In 1878, Dr. Otis, in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 
Vol. 98, p. 163, stated that the Museum was primarily instituted 
to collect and preserve specimens illustrating injuries and diseases 
that canse death a^ disability during war. In the preparation 
for the exhibit at the New Orleans Exposition of 1884-5, the 
following memorandum, presumably by Dr. J. S. Billings, U.S.A., 
was made: 

dMr-i., l?^^P^f"°iP^ °^j®°* i" creating the Amy Medical Museum 
during the latter* part of the war was to preserve specimens 

(error - should be early ) 



-4- 



illuBtrative of the vjourAs and diseases which cause death and 
disability in iwar, and thereby facilitate the study of methods 
to diminish mortality and stiff ering among soldiers. Gradually 
the scope of the collection was extended to include all forme 
of injuries and diseases so as to form a general pathological 
wuseum. 

"Naturally, specimens of human and comparative anatomy 
were soon found not only useful but necessary additions to the 
original collection, and a cabinet of microscopical preparations 
01 original research was accumulated; and it is now desired to 
malce these sections as coinplete as possible. 

"An interesting pathological cabinet collected chiefly by 
the labor of Professors Miller, Stone and Lincoln of the National 
Medical College. Washington, D,C,. was obtained in exchange for 
a series of pictures and models for class demonstration that had 
Been prepared when the project for the establishment of an Army 
tJ ^^^^**°°^ ^^ ^®®^ cdntemplated. The cabinet of the late 

William Gibson of the University of Pennsylvania comprisihg 
over 800** specimens was purchased." 

On July 24, a contract was made between Surgeon General 

Haianond and -Frederick Schafhirt, for duty in the Army Medical 

Museum. Dr. Otis in a letter to the Surgeon General, July 23, 

1870, stated that Dr. Schafhirt (l) began to collect specimens 



(l) Schafhirt was not a graduate in medicine, but was called 
... ."Doctor.-" 



in August, 1861. but this should be 1862. Dr. Woodward, in a 
letter of October 28, 1880, said that Fred. Schaihirt was en- 
listed as a Hospital Steward, U.S.A., December 31, 1862} was 
assigned to duty at the Army Medical Museum where he served 
until his term of enlistment expired, December 31, 1865. Then 
he was made Acting Assistant Surgeon, U.S.A., and again assigned 
to the Museum, serving until July 1, 1874, when his contract was 
annulled and he was appointed Anatomist and held this position 
** The exact number was 529. 



-5- 
tilThe died, Octotar 18. 1880. During this time hia duty was 
to prepare bone specimens, and he did the work satisfactorily. 
Dr. Woodward, perhaps inadvertently, omitted to rasation Sch&f- 
hirt's service before DeoemW«r :51, 1863, 

Dr. Brinton, in his address to the graduates of the Army 
Medical School, March 13, 1896 ( surra ) says: 

'•The preparer of the bones, Frederich Schaftiirt, who 
under the unpretentious name of Hospital Steward, had been 
pro&ured from the University of Pennsylvania, where he had 
long labored as an assistant to the immortal Leidy, was over- 
worked. And here let me pay my tribute of respect to the 
memory of one who at this time did so touch for the Museufli 
and without whom, perhaps, the collection had not taken 
shape. " 

The following is from the address of Dr. William Hunt, 
November 17, 1891, on Dr. Joseph Leidy, published by Collins, 
Philadelphia, 1893, p. 16: 

"Two rooms on the second floor of the old University 
(of Pennsylvania) with a passageway leading to the Museum, 
the lecture and dissecting rooms, were the seat of Dr. Leidy' s 
labors, on Ninth street. In a corner of the passageway near 
the window were Fred. Schafhirt's tables, where he dissected 
and prepared reptiles, birds and mammals, and ate Schweitzer 
and drank schnapps, and sung German sentimental and patriotic 
songs. In a room adjoining was Leidy, maybe dissecting a 
subject.. ,". .(l). . . . 



(1) The great value of Schafhirt's work for the Museum justifies 
the. e;s,t!ensiyp. notice given him. 



On July 28, the Surgeon General sent a number of Medical 
Officers to various hospitals to obtain from the Surgeon in 
charge of each hospital such specimens of morbid anatcany (both 
medical and surgical) as had accumulated since the establishment 
of the hospital, or were in the possession of any of the medical 



-6- 

of fleers of the hospital, arid to have them packed and forwarded 

to the Surgeon General ♦a Office. 

Dr. Brinton in his "Personal Memoirs", New Torjc, 1914, 
p. 180, quotes the following :- 

"Surgeon General's Office, 

Washington, Jkiiguat 1, 1862. 
"Sir: 

You axe hereby directed to collect and properly arrange 
in the 'Military Medical l&iseum* all specimens of morbid anatcmy, 
both medical and surgical, which have accumulated since the 
comnencement of the Rebellion in the various U.S. Hospitals, 
or which may have been retained by any of the Medical Officers 
o;f the Airay. You will also take efficient measTjres for the 
procuring hereafter of all specimens of surgical ani medical 
interest that shall be afforded in the practice of the different 
hospitals. Should any Medical Officer of the Anny decline or 
neglect to furnish such preparations for the Ifiiseum yom. will 
report the name of «a.ch officer to this office." 

Very respty. Yr. Obdt. Servt. 

WILLIAM A. HA1AK)ND 

Surgeon General. 

"Br. Brinton, Sxirgeon, U. S. Vols." 

On page 181 of his "Memoirs", Dr. Brinton says further: 

"The first idea of an *Army Medical Museum • originated 
with Surgeon General Hannonl, and was by him communicated to 
the Officers of the Army in Circular No. 2, which I have given 
Cfi^pra). I told him when I first saw him that I had collected 
a good many bone specimens in the West, some of which I had lost, 
and some of which I brought home (now in my collection of gun- 
shot wo\inds of bone). The order of August 1 to me was the first 
step towards really putting this notion of an Anny Kaaeam into 
shape, and was a most welcome duty. % vAole heart was in the 
Museum, and I felt that if the medical officers in the field, 
and those in charge of hospitals, could only be fairly inter- 
ested, its growth would be rapid, and the future good of such 
a grand national cabinet, would be iamense. By it the results 
Qf the surgery of this war would be preserved for all time, and 
the education of futiire generations of military surgeons would 
be greatly assisted. 



-7- 



"Td help me in my work Hospital Steward Frederic Schafhirt 
and hie son, Molph, were assigned to duty with me. The elder 
Schafhirt was an admirable bone cleaner and working anatomist. 
L^^T,^°^ ^ '^°^^ *"^® worked at the University of Pennsylvania 
yis^er Dr. Leidy (Dr. Joseph Leidy. Professor of Anatomy) and 
was an adept in preparing and mounting specimens for a Musevm. 
ne at once went to work. I obtained for him amputated arms 
and legs from the Washington hospitals, and afterwards from 
• ^se in the nei^borhood; these he cleaned, prepared and mounted, 
and very soon the first specimens, the initial preparations of 
our new Musexmi, were ready, and made their official appearance 
on top of my desk, and on the shelves put up for the ptirpose in 
my rooms in the Surgeon General ♦s Office, at first down stairs, 
and afterwards in the second story room of the office on Penn- 
syivaiua Avenue, looking towards Eiggs' Bank. This room I 
afterwards relinquished to Medical Inspector General Perley, 
aad was moved with my Moseian possessions into one or two of 
the small rooms of a second story back building on Pennsylvania 
Avenue, below the War Department, where quarters were assigned 
to Hr. Woodward and myself, then actually pushing on our medical 
and surgical histories of the war, and compiling our reports of 
sick and wounded, a work deananding the services of many clerks." 

The first building named above was really a part of the 

former fiiggg • Bank building, being the part above and back of 

that occupied by the Bank itself. A new building has since 

been erected. The second building named above was then known 

aa 180 Pennsylvania Avenue, west of 17th Street, north side. 

The building is still standing, with a new number, 1719-21. 

Dr. H. E. Brown, Asst. Surgeon, U. S, A., in his "The 

Medical Department of the U. S. Army", 1873, page 225, says that: 

o=» *.v, "^^''y s°?" a-fter his appointment. Surgeon General Hammond 
IZilit ereat advantage that would accrue to the cause of sci- 
o? th« «, ff t^^ surgery by rendering the enormous experience 
tovllft^ available for future study. Hardly ever in thJ his- 
collecfi^^r''i .^^.^'^ ^ opportunity been offered for the 

sSierv 2ll L^^*^^*"''! ''^°'' ^^^ P°^^*^ ''^ military medicine, 
surgery and hypene, and of obtaining specimens illustrative 

t,.r ^P*^ anatomy. It was therefore detennined to commence 
auch a collection in Washington, and the initiatory steps were 



-8- 

takexTTiy the promulgation of the following Circular:" (namely, 
Circular No. 2, 1862, supra). 

Dr. Charles J. Stille, in his History of the Sanitary Com- 
mission, 1856, page 449, says: 

■ffHe (Surgeon General Hammond) instituted at Washington 
an Army Medical Museum in which was collected and arranged 
a vast number of specimens from the different hospitals, 
illustrating the nature of the peculiar disorders to which 
soldiers are liable, and the character of the wourds vriiich 
are inflicted by the new missiles of War. " 

On Aagust 28, Dr. Brinton sent to Muzzy & Munroe of Phila- 
delphia what appears to be the first order on record of the 
purchase of gla^s jars for mounting specimens for the Museum. 
They were to have round glass stoppers with glass hook, the 
neck of the jar and stopper to be ground; no flange at the 
base ; the mouth of the jar to be of the greatest possible 
width. Brinton used the expression "Military Medical Museum." 

From Brinton' s "Memoirs", page 203, is quoted the following: 

"Washington, B.C. 

September 18, 1862. 

"Sir: 

You will proceed without delay to Frederick, Md. , to 
superinterji the selection (collection?) of specimens for the 
Pathological iiiseum connected with this office. All Medical 
Officers axe hereby ordered to give you amy aid in their power 
to further this object. " 

Very respectfully, yr. obt. Servt. 

"By order of the Surgeon General 

(Signed) Jos. H. Smith 

Surgeon, U.S.A. 
Br. Brinton, Surgeon of Volunteers, etc. 

On October 15, in a Resort of Medical Inspector R. D. Mussey 

to Medical Inspector General Perley, Medical Director Gilbert 



-9- 
is said to have stated to Inspector Massey that Dr. E. B. Bontecou, 
•when the (seme hospiUl) was broken up, had retained from 200 to 
300 pathological specimens, instead of turning them over, and it 
was believed that they had been sent to his house, as they had 
never been received at the Army Medical Museum. It was learned 
later that the specimens were sent to Dr. T. M. Markoe, N.Y. City, 
for on June 20, 1863, Dr. Brinton, in regard to pathological spec- 
imens sent by Dr. Bontecou to Dr. Markoe, said that Jferkoe objected 
to turning over the specimens to the Museum, claiming that they 
were collected prior to the order of the Surgeon General which 
established the Museum, and directed medical officers to preserve 
such specimens for the Museum. Brinton however held that Bontecou' s 
sending the specimens to Markoe was a direct violation of the express 
and explicit orders of the Surgeon General. Eventually Dr. Bontecou 
contributed 101 specimens to the Museum, but none were ever received 
from Dr. lfe,rkoe. 

On October 27, Brinton ordered more jars, this .time from 
Kartell and Letchworth, Philadelphia. 

Somewhere about this time. Dr. William Moss, who had been 
appointed Asst. Surgeon, U.S. Vols., October 4, 1852, was ordered 
to duty at the I4iseum. His name appears in the record December 4. 

On Decmber 11, Dr. W. W. Keen of Philadelphia, Acting Asst. 
surgeon, U.S.A., who was on duty at the Military Hospital at Frederick, 
Md. , was directed to collect specimens and forward them in barrels 



_ -10- 

to the Surgeon General's Office. He vsas authorized to buy whiskey 

for use as preservative. 

Dr. Brinton went to Fredericksb\irg in December, 1862, 

after the battle. He says (Memoirs, page 214): "% duty at 
^edericksburg at this time was to help in every way those 
i^o were caring for the wounded and at the same time to look 
after the interests of the Miseum. Dr. Moss who was then 
Assistant Curator of the Museum had accon5>anied me, and was 
very busy gathering up specimens to be taken up to Washington 

for preparation and preservation On the afternoon 

of the 15th I encountered Dr. Moss, my assistant, bringing 
with him an immense number of surgical specimens, some of 
these in boxes w hich we sneaked over in the wagons; the re- 
mainder were carried in great bags on the backs of one or two 
very black negroes." (page 220). 

"I returned to Washington about the 19th of December, 
and was immediately at my old work. Specimens were now accum- 
mulating at the Museum. Very soon after my arrival I sent Dr. 
Moss down to the Army for more. By this time the Surgeons 
generally were becoming interested in the Museum project and 
were taking pains to get and preserve what they coTild for the 
collection." (page 222), 

On December 31, the contract of Dr. Schafhirt was 

annulled and he was enlisted as Hospital Steward, U.S.A. 

The following was published January, 1863: 

"Catalogue of the Army Medical Museum, Surgeon General's 

Office, January 1, 1863, 8 vo. pp.58, Washington, Government 

Printing Office. " 

It contained the following introductory letter by Dr. Brinton, 

the Curator, dated January 10, addressed to Surgeon General Hammond. 

The collection consisted of 985 surgical specimens, 106 medical, 

133 missiles, and 125 miscellaneous; total, 1349;. 

"ARMy MEDICAL MUSEUM. 

Surgeon General's Office, 

Washington, D.C., January 10, 1863.. 

General: In obedience to your order of December 15, 1862, I 
have the honor to submit the following report of the condition 



-11- 

of the -Army Medical Museum on January 1, 1863: 

^^^ MuBOfum was «at<0>liBbe4, in pursuiuioe of. your orders, 
in the month of A»igaa.t last. All of -the contaieed apetjlxn^ns have 
been collected «lnc« that time, and ti^lr mmher is being daily 
aaagmented. 

The collection at ^trecenC oon&ista of thijc^avn bualrDd ^ad 
forty-nine objects. Of these, nine hundred and eighty-five are 
surgical specimens, one l^iunired and six are medical, and one 
hundred and thirty- three are missiles, which, for the most part, 
have been extracted from the body. This latter class includes 
round and conical bullets, shot, grape, canister, fragnents of 
shell, arrows, arrow-heads, etc. Not the least interesting por- 
tion of the cabinet is a series of projectiles for small arms, 
field and heavy guns; and also a conplete set of the bayonets 
now in use in our own and foreign services. For this valuable 
collection, prepared at the Washington arsenal, under the et:^er- 
vision of Lieut. Col. Geo. D. Bamsay, U.S.A., the Museum is 
indebted to the Ordnance Department of the Anny. 

Every object in the Museum has been appropriately and 
permanently mounted - the dried preparations on stands, and the 
wet ones in glass anatomical jarff, of the most approved patterns, 
and constructed for the purpose, ^very specimen bears a label, 
on which is inscribed its Catalogue number and the name and rank 
of the medical officer from whom received. 

In the accompanying Catalogue - prepared by Assistant 
Surgeon William Moss, U.S.V., Assistant Curator of the coUection- 
the Museum number of every object is given, and its character is 
briefly described. The name of the medical officer contributing 
it will be foMnd on the same line in a separate column. 

As the value of all pathological preparations depends, to 
a great extent, t^on the completeness of their history, strenuous 
efforts have been made to procure an accurate surgical ani medical 
account of every case from which a specimen has been taken. I 
regret to state that, in many instances, the desired success has not 
been obtained. In order that this evil may, as far as possible, 
be remedied, the number of every specimen in the Catalogue for 
which a sufficient history has been received has been marked with 
an asterisk. For all others, neither history nor description have 
as yet been furnished. It is hoped that medical officers, recog- 
niiing the objects contributed by them, will exert themselves at 
once to remedy this deficiency. 

In presenting to you, General, this catalogue, you will 
please remember that it is offered simply as a numerical list of 
the objects in the Army Medical Hxseum. No attempt has as yet 
been made to classify the various injuries, nor has az^y descrip- 
tion of the preparations been entered \^on. Such a work must be 
deferred for the future. It will then he found to demani volumes. 



-12- ' ' '^ 

The labor of the present hour is simply to collect and to preeerve- 
the study must "be made hereafter. 
I have the hoxior to he, 

Very reapectfaLly* your obedient servant, 
„ JOHN H. BRINTONi 

Surgeon, U.S. V.J and Curator Airay Medical 

Musaip. 

^riijpdiar Getiaral WILLIAM A. HAMMOND, 

Surgeon General, U. S. A." 

SUGGESTIONS 
To The 
MEDICAL OFFICEES OF THE AEMlf, 
as to the 

PEEPARATiON AND FORWARDING OF SPECIMENS TO 

-. ..u.-.;^..^: «r. :v^».j:.;,„a«m::x rpHE'^ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, ^ SURGEON <2EN-- ---s-rrrsrst-.aE^sM^^ 

«SilL»S OFFICE, WASHINGTON, B.C. 



The ohjects vrtiich the Surgeon General desires to collect for 
the Museum may be thus enumerated! 

1. Specimens illustrative of surgical injuries and affections; 
such as- 

Fractures, coinpound and simple-fractures of the cranium. 

Excised portions of bone. 

Diseased bones and joints. 

Exfoliations, especially those occurring in stumj^s. 

Specimens illustrative of the structure of stumps, 
(obliterated arteries, bulbous nerves, rounded bones, etc.) 

Integumental wounds of entrance £md of exit, from both 
the round and conoidal ball. 

Wounds of vessels and nerves. 

Vessels obtained subsequent to ligation and to secondary 
hemorrhage. 

Wounded viscera. 

Photographic representations of extraordinary injuries, 
portraying the results of injuries, operations, or peculiar" ampu- 
tations. 

Models of novel surgical appliances, and photographic 
views of new plans of dressing, 

2. Specimens of Disease. 

Specimens Illustrating morbid processes of every kindj 
especial consideration being jaaid, however, to the degree In 
which the morbid condition will probably be demonstrable in 
the preparation when preserved. All unnecessary or extraneous 
appendages to be dissected away. In addition to specimens of 
diseased organs, malformations, parasites, concretions, and 



-13- 

calc-uli are desirable. Microscopical specimens shoiild, fbr uni- 
formity feake, be mounted en slips of glass 3 inches by 1 inch. 

It is not intended to impose on medical officers the labor of 
dissecting and preparing the specimens they may contribute to 
the Museuln. This will be done \ander the superintendence of the 

Curator. 

« 

In forwarding such pathological objects as conipound fractures, 
"bony specimens, and wet pre^iarations generally, obtained after 
anjputatioh, operation, or catjtJYeric examination, all unnecessary 
soft parts should first be i'oughly removed. Every speclmeii should 
then be wlrapped separately in a cloth, so as to preserve ail spicula 
and fragments* A small block of wood should be attached, with 
the number <>f the specimen atid the name of the medical bfficer 
sendiilg it insbtibed, in Ibacl |lfen<Siij or A strip of sheet-lead, 
pf6J)drly marked with the point bf an awl, tiiay be employed for this 
purpose. In either case, the inscription will be uninjurdd by the 
contact of fluids. The preparation should bfe then imnersAd in di- 
luted alcohol or whiskey, contained in a keg or small tsask. When 
a sufficient number of objects shall have accumulated, the cask 
should be forwarded directly to the Surgeon General's Office- The 
expenses of expressage will be defrayed in Washington. The receipt 
of the keg or package will be didy acknowledged by the Curator of 
the Museum. 

In every instance, a corresponding list or history of the cases 
shotild, at the same time, be forwarded to this office by mail. In 
this list the number and nature of every specimen should be clearly 
specified, and, when possible, its history should be given. The 
numbers attached to the specimens themselves, and the numbers in 
the list forwarded, should always correspond, and sho\ald be accom- 
panied by the name and rank of the medical officer by whom sent. 
Every specimen will be duly credited in the Catalogue to the medical 
officer contributing it. 

Much confusion has hitherto arisen from the fact that consider- 
able periods of time have often been allowed to elapse between the 
sending of the specimen and the forwarding of its history. In many 
cases no history whatever has been received. It is hoped that it is 
not yet too late to remedy this deficiency. 

If any errors exist in the present Catalogue, they will be 
corrected on due notification being sent to the Cprator. 



-14- 

^ The folibwing medical officers have been authorized by the 
Surgeon General to collect and forward specimens to the Miigeum 
ftom the cities and localities in which they are respectively 
stationed: 

Surgeon lavington Quick, U.S.V., Baltimore. 

Acting Assistant Surgeon Edward Hartshome, U.S. A,, Philadelphia. 

Acting Assistant Surgeon George Shrady, U.S.A., New York. 

Surgeon M. Goldsmith, U.S.V,, Louisville. 

Surgeon J. F. Carpenter, U.S.V,, Cincinnati. 

Assistant Surgeon F. L. Town, U.S.A., Nashville. 

Surgeon John S. Hodgen, U.S.V., St. Louis. 

Surgeon H, S. Hewit, U.S.V., Army of the Miesippippi. 

Dr. Bririton in his "Memoirs'S, page 188, sayq of the catalogue 
of 1863 that "its real object was to give credit to Medical Office® 
contributing to the Museum. In fact it did a great deal more; • 
large numbers of preparations had accumulated in the Museum, the 
donors of which were not known. Very many of the specimens I 
had brought there from the battle-fields, collected by myself. 
J^ese I put in the first catalogue, assigning them to such med- 
ical officers as 1 could, call to mind, and especially to those 
Whom I knew to be lukewarm in Museum interests. The effect of 
the procedure was good. » 

Again (page 187) he saya that the publication of the first 
catalogue in January, 1863, had a good effect as alsG did the 
opening of the Museum to the public, (l) He adds: "Many and 
many & putrid heap have I dug out of the trenches where they 



. . (l) The Museum was opened to the public about September, 1863. 

had been buried. « On page 185 he says that the bonee of the parts 
removed by amputation were usually partly cleaned and then with 
a wooden tag and carved number attached were packed in a keg con- 
taining alcohol, whiskey or sometimes salt and water. When a 
number of specimens were thus ready the keg was sent to the Museum 
where the preparation was completed and the specimens placed on 



-15- 
the shaves. In the meanti m e the histories were sent to the Sur*- 
geon General. 

On January 27, 1863, by order of Dr. Brinton, five barrels 
of ^iekey were furnished to Dr. Keen at Frederick, Iferylani, by 
J. B. i^ler, of Frederick, for preservation of specimens. 

On February 26, Dr. Brinton wrote to Surgeon C, H' lesib, 
U.S.A., Medical Director, Department of Tennessee, asking that 
in case of action he would detail some young "feawbones" or a 
Biedical cadet to collect aaiputated limbs, &c. for the Museum; 
thrown into a barrel with a little whiskey and forwarded to the 
Surgeon General's Office, they would form a valuable contribution 
to the Museum. 

On February 27 a lot of drugs were donated to the Museum 
by the chemists, Wyeth & Bro. , Philadelphia. 

On March 28, Dr. Bobert Murray, Surgeon, U»S.A,, and Medical 
Purveyor at Philadelphia, sent two barrels of alcohol to the Museum, 

On April 27, A. J. Schafhirt, Hospital Steward, U.S.A., then 
on duty at the Museum, as stated above, was ordered to report for 
special duty to B. A. Vanderkieft, Surgeon, U.S. Vols,, at the 
General Hospital, Smoketown, Maryland, and after performing the 
required duty to return to the Museum. The order was signed by 
Joseph Smith, Surgeon, U.S.A. for the Surgeon General, 

Brinton in his "Memoirs", page 231, says: 

"So on the 5th of May I left with my hospital stewards. 
Stauch was a German water-color painter. He had enlisted, 
ten^Jted by the bounty, or to avoid the draft, and had immed- 
iately been detailed on this special duty as water colorist 
at the Surgeon General *s Office. Schafhirt was the bone artist, 



-16- 



aJ^ wg? gld^§^|?^iS^^S«P5:®PS''f^ ^^? specimens at the Mosevm, 
BectinT r^r. l^if^ iy ^^ ^^ assistant or workman in the cfis- 
waat^J?^ °, ?! University of Pennsylvania. Stauch's duty 
i^i!^.^ ^.f^***^^ °^ °^=^ w°^^8 ^^ injuries as I might 
of L^!?; ""^'i^ Schafhirt was to assist «>aXthe collection 

^«m%^r "^f *^J ?y"?°* " °^""*'" projectiles, mostly obtained 
from the amputated limbs, which accumulated at the operating 
tables, in the various hospitals, division, oorps, cr field, 
which I might visit. " » ^ . . 

tv,« r.^Z^^ ^^"* ^.^^ experienced much difficulty in obtaining 
the necessary permission from surgeons, but by this time they 
had become interested, and were anxious to furnish all they could 
zo the national collection. As the preparations were finished, 
or rather the limbs, etc. , I had them roughly cleaned (most often 
1 was obliged to do this myself) and then I had them placed in 
barrels with liquor and so sent or took them with me to Washington. " 

On May 21, the following order was issxied: 



Surgeon General's Office, 
Washington. D.C., May 21, 1863. 



Sir: 



You will proceed immediately to the Army of the Potomac 
*^w''^f *^® different corps hospitals, on special duty connected 
with the collection of pathological specimens. Having accomplished 
this you will return to this city and restime your present duties. 

By order of the Surgeon General. 

(Signed) Joseph R, Smith, 

T^ e„ T t» T> . Sturgeon, U.S.A. 

To Surg. J. H. Brinton, U.S.V., 

Washington, D.C. 

The Museum collection having outgrown the space allotted to 
it at 180 Pennsylvania Avenue, it became necessary to secure more 
suitable auarters, and the Corcoran Schoolhouse was selected. This 
building was situated at what is now 1325 H St., N.W.; the old 
building was torn down some years since and the present one erected, 
which is used by the George Washington Medical School. The following 
orders were issued, respectively one by the Commandant of the 



-17- 

Military District, the other hy the Sm-geon General: 

Special Order 

^°' ^^^' Hdgrrs. Milt. Dist. of Washington. 

. , Washington, D.C, , May 22, 1863. 

vExtract) II. 

'^^e school house sitiaated on H Street North, between 
13th & 14th Streets, ovmed by Mr. Corcoran, is hereby taken poases- 
eion of by the Goverment of the United States, and turned over to 
the Medical Department for the use of the Army Medical Museum. 

By command of Major General Hitchcock, 



John J. Sherburne, 
Aset. Adjt. General. 



To Surgeon General Hammond. 



Surgeon General's Office, 

„, Washington City, June 1, 1863. 

oil* * 

The building knovm as Corcoran' s school house near (opposite) 
Dr, Gurley's Church, together with its outbuildings thereto, having 
been turned over to this Department by order of the Secretary of 
War, you will take charge thereof, and make such alterations and 
repairs as may be necessary to fit it for the piirpose of the Army 
Medical Museum. You will however avoid all useless alterations 
or expenses. 

Very respectfully, yr. obdt. Servt. 

JOSEPH R. SMITH 

_ „ Acting Surgeon General. 

To Surgeon J. H. Brinton 

Surgeon General's Office, 

Washington, D.C. 

On June 2, Dr. Brinton wrote to a Mr. Vollmer, Philadelphia, 
in regard to making upright cases for the Museum, suggesting that 
they be made of black walnut unvarnished. Apparently no order was 
given, because walnut cases were not sent. On June 9, however, 
Henry Wingate, of Washington, was contracted with to make sixteen 
cases. 



_ -18- 

cases. 

Dr. Brlnton went to Gottysbtirg after the battle, partly to 
secure specimens for the Museum. Be aays C'Memoirs, » page S46) 
that he was able to gather much for the MuBeTjn, and for the most 
part the medical officers were anxious to further him in his en- 
deavors to carry out his Washington instructions. 

Surgeon General Haamond at this time had been detailed for 
other duty> although still holding the rank of Surgeon General. 
On page 345 of his Memoirs Brinten says : 

"One of my men at Gettysburg took from the body of a 
Southern soldier a breastplate of soft steel in two halves 
intended to be worn under the coat or vest. One ball had ' 
struck it and indented or bent it without perforation. 
Another, if I renember rightly, had passed through In the 
region of the liver causing the death of the wearer. I 
think the breastplate bore the imprint 'Anes Ifenufacturing 
Compaiyr. ' ThiJs cuirass was placed in the Army Medical 
Museum and I suppose is there now. It was the only example 
of offensive armor I met with during the war. " (See spec- 
imen 4554. Path. Section; the right half, showing a hole 
that might correspond to the "region of the liver. " Also 
on the lower edge another smaller hole. The whereabouts 
of the other half is not knowp. ) 

Brinton, in his address to the Army Medical School graduates, 
says that in July, 1863, an amputated leg was received at the 
Museum, in an exteinporized coffin on which was tacked a visiting 
card "with the compliments of Major General :f. E. S. (Sickles) 
U. S. Volunteers." (The bones were prepare4^ show the shot frac- 
ture^ and are numbered 1335 Fath. Section.,) 

Genera^I Ifezzmond in his Report for 1862-3, to the Secretary 
of War, says I 



-19- 



^•r A i^f*^® progress haa b«en made in the establishment 
of an Amy Medical Museum. The advantages to the service and 
r!=^! .Sl'fi °" ^"^ ^ institution cannot be overestimated. I 
for it8^iefU°S™^"^ ^^^ ^ ^°^^ "^"^^ appropriation be made 

On J;ily 7, the Corcoran school house, which Brinton (Memoirs, 
page 182) says had been previously fitted up for a picture gallery, 
was turned over to the Medical Department by th6 military authef- 
ities. He wrote to the Trustees of the Public Sckool informing 
them that the building had bden turned over to the Medical D«part- 
ment of the Army and asked them to have the furniture belonging 
to the aohCfel removed as soon as possible. 

On August 4, Brinton bought a one tenth Tolles lens, for 
the Museum, 

On August 11, a half barrel of specimens was sent to the 
Museum from Louisville, Kentucky. 

The following letter was addressed by Dr. Brinton, August 
4, to Col. J. K, Barnes, Medical Inspector General, and Acting 
Surgeon General, U.S.A., 

Colonel : 

Mo^^^oi M. ^r f®^^^ *° ^^ inquiries relative to the Army 
Medical Museum I have the honor to state: That the foioation 
oi tne collection now known as the Axmy Medical Museum was 
commenced in the Fall (should be Summer) of 1862, when the cor- 
poration of the medical officers of the Anqy was invited to 
this end. The greatest Interest has since then been evinced 
by the medical staff in the undertaking, and pathological apec- 
xmens have been continuously forwarded to the Museum from every 

c^«flf ;»>.?" *?* ^^""^^ °^ January the cabinet had. already obtained 
considerable size, and at the present moment it is nearlj double 
what it then was. The number of specimens all told is now pro- 
Itll^ ? .i''%^ *^ ^^°°- ^® collection of gunshot injuries 
fvf? i^J^Vf'^®^* ^" *^® ^°^^'^' exceeding in number and value 
that of the British Government at Netley, (formerly at Fort Pitt, 
taiatham; and far surpassing the French Museum at Val-de-Grace. 
founded by Baron Larrey. 



-20- 



~"It is unnecessary for me, Colonel, to urge upon you the 
value of our National Medical Museum, Its claims to usefulness 
are recognized by the civil profession throughout the country 
and it is by them weekly and almost daily considered. The 
cabinet as it stands is not a mere Museum of curiosities. It 
is a collection which teaches. It is practical and has already 
powerfally influenced for the better the treatment of the wounied 
soldier. In confirmation of this assertion I would simply recall 
to your mind the lessons to be deduced from the study of the spec- 
imens on its shelves, of injuries of the joints from colloidal 
balls ; a class of injuries previously almost unknown anu the 
treatment of which, at the commencement of the war, was unsettled. 

'During the last session a small appropriation ($5000.00) 
was made for the support of the Museum. At that time the col- 
lection had exceeded the limits of the room appropriated for 
its accontnodation, and the specimens had conmenced to suffer 
from dust. I was therefore instructed to find and rent a proper 
building for their reception. After long search, I could find 
none suitable save the building in H Street owned by Mr. CorcorSn. 
i proposed to rent it from his agent, Mr. Hyde, who after com- 
municating with the owner informed me that lAr. Corcoran would be 
willing to rent the building to the Museum for $1000 per annum, 
he agreeing to put it in repair. This proposition was accepted 
on the part of the Museum, and on the 16th of May, last, permis- 
sion was requested by the Surgeon General from the Secretary of ' 
War, to rent the building, the rent to be paid out of the Museum 
appropriation. The renting of the premises vias however forbidden 
by the Secretary, who on the 21st of May ordered the building in 
question to be turned over by the Military Governor to the Medical 
ifepartment for the purposes specified, directing moreover that 
'no rent will be paid for the building. ' 

"The public school at the time occupying the hall was in 
nowise interfered with and the real possession of the house was 
not obtained until after the close of the school session. Since 
that time the building has been put in complete order and the 
cases erected at a cost to the Museum of nearly $2000. It is 
now ready for the reception of the collection. The proposed 
arrangements are such as will open the collection to the study 
of every Surgeon, both military and civil. Thus only can a true 
knowledge of the treatment of wounds produced by modern projec- 
tiles be diffused. In conclusion, Colonel, I v/ould draw your 
attention to the serious detriment which would accrue to the Museum 
and to the great pecuniary loss it would sustain should any change 
in the paoposed plan be ordered. I know of no other suitable 
building for the purposes of the Museum, and even should one be 
found, the fund at command would be utterly instifficient to make 
a second time the alterations and repairs which would be absolutely 
necessary, " 

- Signed by J. H. Brinton, as Surgeon of Vols., and Curator of 

the ftfciaoum. 



_ -31- 

On Augiiat 26 and again on September 1, Brinton bought some 

things for the Mase-um from Ernest Schafhirt, another son of Dr. 

Sciiafhirt. 'Whether at this time Ernest Schafhirt was connected 

with the Moseian does not appear. 

On August 25 also the sixteen cases made by Wingate were 
paid for, and the same date Brinton requested an ambulance to 
remove the Museum collection to its new quarters. 

On August 27, cans in boxes with padlock and key were fur- 
nished to hospitals for collection of specimens; whiskey being the 
preservative. 

The following is from Brinton' s "Memoirs", page 185: 

"War Deparfenent, Washington City 

September 1, 1863. 
Copy 

Col. J. K. Barnes 

Medical Inspector General 
Washington, D.C, 

"The Secretary of War authorizes the transfer of 
the specimens from the rocan of the Surgeon General's Office to the 
Museum newly selected. 

Very respectfully, yr. Obdt. Servt. 
(Signed) Jas. A. Hardie 

Asst. Adjt. Genl." 

"Frott* the above it will be seen that the Museum specimens 
remained at the office of the Surgeon General tinder my immediate 
care (except Medical specimens proper, under Asst. Surgeon Wood- 
ward's care) from the inception of the Museum. I removed them to 
the Corcoran building, and was responsible for them and for the 
growth of the Museum during my stay in Washington. 

"Schafhirt and hi^ son, who prepared the specimens, were 
borne on the Surgeon General's roster of employees as hospital 
stewards, while soldiers and men from the Invalid Corps were de- 
tached as servants and additional helpers ani orderlies. In tJhe 
meantime, with the funds appropriated, I was enabled, under ttie 
instructions of the Surgeon General, to fit up good cases fof the 



-22- 

rapidly growing collection. The doors locked with bronze hands 
which slid bblts at top and bottom, modaled after the hands in 

the cases of my home office These cases were gradually 

extended until, before I left Washington in October, 1864, gal*- 
leries had begn erected and the room or hall completely filledi 

"One of the first additions to the Museum was an Aseistaht 
Curator, I being then also officially Curator, who should supet- 
intend the work on the specimens, and the recording of their his- 
tories, which was diligently done by clerks appointed from the 
Surgeon General's Office. Dr, TOn. Moss who had entered the Corps 
of Surgeons of Volunteers, was the first Assistant Curator, and 
on his resignation from the Army, after his marriage, he was 
succeeded by my old student, Dr. Brinton Stone, who had become 
an Assistant Surgeon. " 

yor a full description of how specimens were obtained ani 
other matters connected with the Museum see Brinton' s Memoirs, 
pp. 185 to 194. 

On September 11, Brinton made requisition for articles for 
the Museum, including two iron bedsteads, two mattresses and four 
blankets. What these were for does not appear. There was no watch- 
man at that time. 

On September 15, in a letter to Asst. Surgeon General C. H. 
Crane, Brinton reports that the Museum was then located in a 
building known formerly as the Corcoran Schoolhouse and was under 
his immediate superintendence. The specimens, the largest col- 
lection of gunshot wounds in the world, admirably mounted. A 
thorough system had been established for collecting specimens from 
the different armies and hospitals. One Hospital Steward (Schafhlrt) 
had been detailed for duty in preparing the specimens. Brinton was 
daily expecting another one. One Hospital Steward acted as copying 
clerk for the histories of the specimens. Brinton asked for a 



-23- 
Medlcal Officer who ooidd undertake partial care of the Miieeun, 
aasuming the duties then discharged by Asst. Surgeon Moas, U.S.V., 
who intended to resign, but had deferred his resignation until 
the necessary arrangement of the collection in the new building. 

On September 15, a aeries of microscopical slides was 
bought from Prof. Hyrtl of Vienna. 

On September 19, Dr. Moss resigned from the Army, and 
his connection with the Museum ended. 

On September 24, it is stated that the Jars bought of Muzzy 
& Munroe of Philadelphia had been made in Boston and were shipped 
directly fron the factory to the Museum. 

The following letter was addressed to Acting Surgeon 

General Barnes: 

Sir: 

The undersigned medical officers now on duty in this city 
and some of them coimected with the Army Medical Musevim, wishing 
to make that institution at once practically useful, request per- 
mission to deliver a course of lectures on military medicine 
and surgery in the hall of the Museum. 

The large number of medical cadets and junior medical efficats 
on duty in the various hospitals of this district at once suggests 
the advantage of such a course. 

The lectTorea, if delivered in the evening, as proposed, would 
in no way interfere with the official duties of any one concerned. 
The subscribers have all formerly had more or less experience in 
lecturing on medical subjects and they therefore entertain the hope 
that their efforts would not be without beneficial effect for those 
especially who aspire to the position of medical officers in either 
the regular or voluntew service. 

These lectures of course will be delivered free, and with 
the facilities offered by the Muaexm would not be a source of any 
expense whatever to the Government. 

The names signed are J, H. Brinton, Surgeon, U.S.V., R. 
Bartholow, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A., J. J. Woodward, Asst. Surgeon, 



-24- 

U.S.A., and D. W. Bliss, Surgeon, U.S.V. 

Brinton (Memoirs, pages 258-259) says that he fitted up 

the room beneath tho main hall or the Museum in the Corcoran 

bui34iM/Tor teaching piorposes, that is, for an Army Medical School. 

"There was a charming lecture room with sloping seats, a 
coupl^ of convenient retiring rooms or laboratories, a good 
stage .'to speak from and a well constructed lecture and revolving 
table-- The illustrations in lavish profusion were in the main 
hall above and everything was ready for the first military- 
medical course of the United States Amy for the session 1863- 
64. It wanted but the authorization of the scheme by the Sec- 
retary of War and the appointment of the lecturers or pro/essors. 
These had in truth been selected. There was Coolidge of the 
regular army, an old officer, to teach the customs of the service 
and military-medical ethics. Surgeon Sidell (should be Lidejl) 
U.S.V,, as a teacher of chemical surgery (probably clinical surgery), 
Asst. Surgeon Tto. Thomson, since famous as an oculist; Asst. Surgeon 
J. J, Woodward, U.S.A., on military medicine; Robert Bartholow of 
world wide reputation, and several others whose names have escaped 

me. Gunshot injuries had been assigned to me, and even my intro- 
ductory renarks had been jotted down. " 

As Curator of the Museum, Brinton reported to Barnes the 
forward state of preparation. 

"The Secretary of War had to be informed. He was told 
by General Barnes and said he v/ould decide the matter and speak 
of it tomorrow. On the morrow about nine o'clock on his drive 
from his home to the War Office, he stopped at the Museum 
building, descei^ded from his carriage, ran hastily through the 
Musetm rooms, stamped his foot, growled 'Ugh», drove to his 
office, sent for Acting Surgeon General Barnes, and said sharply 
to him: 'Are these lectures to be given in the evenings?' To 
an affirmative reply he growled: 'They will go to the theatre 
and neglect their duties. It shan't be.' And this was the end 
of a favorite plan for doing soma good for the Medical Corps of 
the Amy and for disseminating a more correct and general know- 
ledge of Military Medicine and SiH*gery. " 

On the back of a duplicate letter appears the following 
program : 





-25- 




1863-64 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


Monday 
Tuesday 
Wednesday 
Thursday 
Friday. . . 


Brinton 
Woodward 

Brinton 

Woodward 

. , . Bliss 


Bartholow 
Hamlin (l) 
Bartholow 
H&rain 



(l) This must have been A i 6. Keuniin, S\irg. U.S. Vdls. ^^e also 
Brlntbn's address to the graduates of the Army Medical Schotti March 
13,. 1896... . Joiir* iimer, Med. Assn. , Mai-ch 28, 1896,,j5age 600* 



On October 1, Brinton paid Queen and Co. , Philadelphia, for 
articles bo'ught, including a cabinet for microscopical slides. 

On October 21, Brinton paid Joseph Whitney for ^night work." 
This work consisted in ranoving at night the contents of the"ceaB- 
pool" used by the attachees of the Musevai. 

On October SB, Dr. Balph S. L. Walsh, Acting Asst. Surgeon, 

was assigned to duty at the Museum. In a letter to Dr. Lamb, 

published in the History of the Medical Society of the District 

of Colximbia, 1909, page 270, Dr. Walsh said: 

"I may mention that during this period I was also placed 
in ioaedi&te charge of the Army Medical t&isevas, then located 
on H Street between 13th and 14th Streets. Said Museum, vAien 
I assumed charge, consisted of two large rooms filled with 
empty cases, a baek building in which was stored a number of 
dry and moist specimens in barrels and alcohol, to be mounted 
by Mr. Schafhirt, who was employed for that ptirpose. There 
was also a mass of written histories, numbered to correspond 
with the specimens. Under my supervision the specimens were 
mounted, numbered and placed in the cases, and the histories 

condensed and recorded I mention as a possibly interest- 

ixxg fact that most of the alcohol used for the preservation of 
the moist specimens was procured by distillation of contraband 
liq:uors seized on the Long Bridge. These liquors ran from 
blackberry wine to straight alcohol, and were packed in many 
peculiar vessels. Frequently women were arrested with belts 
tinder their skirta to which were fastezxed tin sectional eeuis 
holding from a quart to a gallon, and in a number of cases 
false breasts, each holdixig a q^iart or more. " 



-25 A- 
In view of the above statement of his services, by Dr. 
Walah, preaujning it to be correct, it is impossible to ronder- 
8tand why ha ia not mentioned by Dr. Brinton, who mentions by 
i^e even the Hospital Stewards who did duty at the Museian. 
It will be noted that Dr. Moss had resigned September 19, and 
apparently there was no Medical Officer connected with the Museum 
from that time until the appointment of Brinton Stone, in 1864, 
except Drs. Brinton, Woodward and Walsh; and Brinton and Woodward 
had their offices at 180 Pennsylvania Avenue. (See Brinton»B letter 
of September 16). 

On November 14, in an order for glass jars it was provided 
that the stoppers should be hollow and the hook fastened to the 
top of the arch so as to gain room. 

On November 20, Brinton wrote to T, W, Evans & Co., Pittsburg, 
asking if they could make the kind of jars wanted. 

On November 23 it was ordered that the liquor confiscated 
and turned over to the Medical Purveyor of the Army should be 
turned over by him to the "National" Medical Museum. 
The following circular was issued November 25: 

p. - „ , Surgeon General's Office, Washington, IT.C. 

Circular No. 26. November 25, 1863. 

The attention of Medical Officers in charge of U.S.A. 
treneral Hospitals is invited to the propriety of preparing and 
depositing in the Army Medical Museum illustrations of the re- 
sult of surgical operations. These illustrations can in many 
instances be conveniently obtained by means of plaster casts 
Which are readily made without subjecting the patient to the 
Slightest inconvenience. 



-25^- 

The casts most desired are those of stumps of anputations 
of every variety, and models of limbs upon vrtiich excisions may 
have been performed. 

In selecting proper subjects for representation it would 
be well to choose not only those oases in which the results have 
been favorable but al«o those in which they have been unfavorable. 
In a collection like the National Museum truthful representaiions 
of both good and bad results are alike instructive and valuable 
for future reference emd study. 

These casts when mcide should be forwarded to the Army Med- 
ical Museum by express. The expressage will be paid in Washington. 
All preparations should be accompanied by proper histories with 
tjje name, rank and station of the contributor, who will be diily 
credited in the Museun catalogue. 

On December 27 a box of pathological specimens sent from 
7icksb\irg, Mississippi to the Surgeon General for the Museum, 
was receivedi It was addressed to Surgeon General liamnonl. 

Sometime in the winter of 1863-64 a Bfa^sian fleet visited 
the Ifaited States, and for awhile was anchored at Alexandria, 
Virginia, which seemed to be as far up the river as it coxild 
come. Dr. L. Hoist, 4ne of the surgeons of ihe fleet, visited 
the Museum. He published an account of his Tisit in Med. probav. 
k. morak. sbornikk, St* Peterb* j 1866, V. page 49, abstracted 
and translated in the Wurzbtirg med^ schi*« 1869, VI, pages 285 
to 318. He was especially interested in the apecimens of shot 
fracture and their sequelae. He did not think that the wet spec- 
imens were of much value, because the swelling, injection and color 
had been lost by the inmersion in alcohol. Tl^e illustrations in 
preparation for the Medical and Surgical History of the War were, 
he thought, very natural looking. The microscopic slides were 
valuable. The Indian weapons were not the least interesting. 



-25- 
Besidos the catalog-ue above mentioxied, the following publl- 
cationa appeared in 1863, based more or less on the study of 
specimens in the Biiseum; all of them by Dr. Woodward: 

"Hospital gangrens" (letter to Prof. Detmold), Jimer, Med. 
Times, 1863, VI, 179. 

"The Hospital Steward's Manual." Philadelphia, J.B. Lippin- 
cott & Co., 1863. 

"Outlines of the chief camp diseases of the United States 
amies as observed during the present I7ar. " Philadelphia, J.B. 
Lippincott & Co. , 1863. 

In 1864, Dr. Brinton asked Acting Surgeon General Barnes 
to ^point Dr. Brinton Stone, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A., to duty in 
the Museum, in place of Dr. Moss resigned, stating that Hr. Stone's 
knowledge of anatomical manipulations and his experience in the 
preparation of morbid specimens peculiarly fitted him for the 
position. 

On January 18, jars were bought from T. A. Evans & Co. , 
Pittsburg. 

On January 24, Dr. B. F. Craig, Acting Asst, Surgeon, was 
assigned to duty in the chemical laboratory of the Surgeon Gen- 
eral^ s Office. 

On February 4, Dr. Woodward asked that Hospital Steward A. 
Schafhirt, then on duty at the Saninary General Hospital, George- 
town, be ordered to the Museum to take charge of the collection 
and preservation of medical specimens. (Apparently A. Schafhirt 
had been temporarily detailed from the Mueoan to the Hospital.) 

On February 9, a Department of Surgical Records had been 
fomed under charge of Dr. Brinton. 



-27- 
In February, an ordar was given to lAizzy & Muaroe tor Jars. 
The jars to "bo of the best jrure glass, with grotmd stoppers, (ground 
extra with emery), to have gXaes >nobe && in pattern- Each stopper 
with a hook, the hook attached to gain room for suspension of spec- 
ioea. Wide mouth. For Jars too large for stoppers, the top edge 
should be ground level for a plate of glass or lead. 

On February 10, Dr. Brinton Stone, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A., 
was appointed Issistant Curator at tbs Museum. Dr. J.H. Porter, 
Acting Asst. Surgeon, was also assigned to duty at the Museum. 
On March 7, Dr. John Stearns, Acting Asst. Surgeon, was 
assigned to duty in the Surgeon General's Office, and eventually 
as an assistant to Dr. Otis, at the Ii^seum. 

On tHesch 35, Dr. Ealph TITalrt was relieved from duty at the 
Museum. 

On April 13, Dr. Edward Curtis, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A., was 
assigned to duty at the Musetsn as assistant to Dr. Woodward. 

Dr. Woodward, in a letter to Budolf Virchow, May 14, says 
in regard to the Microscopical Section of the Museum, that, at 
first, except for what he himself did, which was but little 
because he had but little time, there was no one available who 
had enough experience in micro -pathological research. But at 
length he found a young man, Asst. Surgeon Edward Curtis, U.S.A., 
who had some little preliminary knowledge as a microscopist, and 
who, working under Woodward's supervision, had become capable of 
independent investigation. He was patient and dextrous. So far, 



-28- 
however, his work was Tsalnly in normal anatomy. Woodward wanted to 
"lyuy or have donated microscopical slides of noimal and patholog- 
ical anatomy, and wanted Yirchow to intere&t himself in Gennany 
to socure such slides. 

Woodward stated briefly the methods in use at the Museuo 
in making microscopical preparations. There was a limited group 
of cases in which boiled preparations, after soaking in turpen- 
tine, were mounted in balsam. He had xised a varnish for cells 
of Brunswick black mixed with caontaheuc dissolved in benzols ; 
the object of the caoutchouc was to prevent cracking. The stick- 
iness of such a preparation was overcome by applying two coats of 
black sealing-wax varnish as a finish. One trouble was to get a 
preservative fluid that did not attack the varnish; especially 
specimens rendered transparent with acetic acid or otherwise, 
where it was necessary that the tranaparency should not be affecte 
by the preservative fluid. 

On kfey 29 Dr. Brinton Stone was relieved from duty at the 
Museum. 

On June 18, Dr. Schafhirt and his two sons, Molph and Ernest 
were all on duty at the Museum. 

On JAUie 24, a Circular Letter from the Surgeon General's 
Office, provided that: 

"Medical Officers in charge of hospitals are directed to 
diligently collect and preserve for the Axmy Medical Museum, all 
pathological surgical specimens ?^ich may occur in the hospitals 
under their charge. 



-39- 

_]'The objects which it is desired to collect for the Musevan 
nay be thus enumerated: Fractures, coojnon and ain^jle, fractures 
of the cramitan. Excised portions of bone. Diseased bones and 
Joints. Exfoliations, especially those occurring in stumps. Spec- 
imens illustrative of the structure of stianps (obliterated arteries, 
bulbous nerves, rounded bones &c. ), Integumental wounds of entrance 
and of exit from both romvi and conoidal balls. Wounds of veeseJ* 
and nerves. Vessels obtained subsequent to ligation, and to secon- 
dary hemorrhage. Wovmded viscera. Photographic representations 
of ai-traordinary injuries portraying the results of wounds, opera- 
tions or peculiar amputations. Models of novel surgical appli- 
ances and photographic views of new plans of dressing. Plaster 
casts of stumps and amputations and models of limbs on which ex- 
cision may have been performed. 

"It is not intended to impose on medical officers the labor 
of dissecting and preparing the specimens they may contribute to 
the Museum, This will be done under the superintendence of the 
Curator. 

"In forwarding such pathological objects as compound frac- 
tures, bony specimens and wet preparations generally obtained after 
amputation operation or cadaveric examination, all unnecessary soft 
parts should first be roughly removed. Every specimen should then 
be wrapped separately in a cloth, so as to preserve all spicula 
and fragnents. A small block of wood should be attached, with 
the name of the patient, the number of the specimen and the name 
of the medical officer sending it, in pencil. The inscription 
will be uninjured by the contact of fluids. The preparation should 
be then inauersed in diluted alcohol or v^iskey contained in a keg 
or small cask- When a sufficient number of objects shall have accum- 
ulated, the cask should be forwarded directly to the Surgeon General's 
Office. The expenses of expressage will be defrayed in Washington. 
The receipt of the keg or package will be duly acknowledged by the 
Curator of the Museian. 

"In every instance a corresporaiing list or history of the 
cases shoidd at the same time be forwarded to this office. In this 
list the number and nature of every specimen should be clearly spec- 
ified and when possible its history should be given. The nunbers 
attached to the specimens themselves and the numbers on the list 
forwarded should always correspond, and should be accompanied by 
the name and rank of the medical officer by whom sent. Every spec- 
imen will be duly credited in the Catalogue to the medical officer 
contributing it. 

(Signed) J. K. Barnes, 

Acting Surgeon General." 

On July 22, Dr. George A. Otis, Asst. Surgeon, U.S. Vols. 
was ordered to duty in the Surgeon Genera l's Office, and assigned 



_ -30- 

as assistant to Dr. Brinton. 

On July 23, a barrel of whiskey was ordered to be sent to 
Dr. R. P. Weir, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A., at the General Hospital, 
Ftederick, Maryland, for specimens. 

On August 20, Surgeon General Hanxnond was dismissed from 
the Army, (l) 



(1) He was afterwards restored and retired. It is an interest- 
ing fact that Secretary of War Stanton and Drs. Hamond, Barnes. 
iJrinton and Woodward were all, Philadelphians. 

Brinton, "Memoirs", page 284, says that during July and 
August, 1864, he made one or two trips to New York and Philadelphia 
on business connected with the Art Department of the J4iseum. In 
the latter part of the summer, a Fnotographic Bureau was added to 
the Museum and he had to see to getting the outfit. 

Brinton says also, page 285, that he had secured two artists 
at an earlier date; A. Pohlers, who had been on topographical duty 
in the War Department and who made the maps used in the Medical and 
S^gical History of the War. Another man. E. Stauch. went on duty 
in the latter part of 1862 or early in 1863. He went with Brinton 
several times to the Army of the Potomac and also to local hospitals 
to make sketches and pictures of hospital gangrene and other cases; 
he worked in both water axA oil colors. 

On September 20. Dr. Porter was relieved from duty at the Mu- 



seum. 



-31- 

On September 29, Dr. Brinton was relieved from duty in the 
Surgeon General's Office, and transferred to Louisville, Ky. 
Brinton aaysj "Mwooirs", page 307, that Ass t. Surg. General Crane 
told him that at the Surgeon General's Office they were satisfied 
with him. 

On October 3, the Surgical and Photographic Sections of the 
Mosetm were placed unier Dr. Otis. The Medic&l and Microscopical 
Sections were renewedly placed unier charge of Dr. Woodward, October 
5. 

On October 8, Dr. Otis signed hi« first letter as Curator. 

On November 4, the Museum contaifted 3500 surgical specimetis, 
500 medical, 150 plaster casts and missiles, 100 dfdwings and paint- 
ings and 1100 microscopical slides. 

On November 11, Dr. Woodward ordered the necessary apparatus 
from Zentmayer, Philadelphia, for microphotographic work. 

On November 25, Dr. Otis asked that the building on the 
groui^s that had been used as a stable, be fitted up as a workshop. 

The order of October 3, 1864, to Brinton from the Surgeon 

General, signed by Asst. Surgeon General Crane, U.S.A., says: 

"Surgeon George A. Otis, U.S. Vols, will relieve you from 
the charge of the Department of this office which you now occupy 
and also from the duties of the Curator of the Army Medical Mu- 
aetm. Tou will transfer to Surgeon Otis all official books, 
papers, records, funds and property of any description under your 
charge and he will receipt to you for those articles for which you 
are responsible. After turning over your property &c. you will 
proceed without delay to Louisville, Kentucky, and report to Asst. 
Surgeon General Wood in con5>liance with Special Orders, No. 324, 
dated War Department September 29, 1864." 



-32- 
Brinton, page 314, says that at his request, Ifeber, one of 
the Muae\}m artists, made a pen and ink sketch of him (Brinton) 
fta St. Denis, leaving the Museian, head in hamd, for the region 
of the setting stm, with the bloody headman's sword, the un- 
finished work of the Surgical History of the War, etc. Dr. Otis 
afterwards wrote to Brinton that Ilaber, hy request of Woodward, 
made a copy from memory with a few additions, as for instance the 
motto by Faber "Si tacuisses philoaophus mansisses. " The new 
sketch was photographed, and was given to Secretary of War Stanton, . 
Copes were given to Dts. Barnes, Cretne, Thomson, Billings and Otis; 
two were sent to Brinton at Nashville. The negative was then de- 
strpyed... (i.) 

(1) From Dante's Inferno, Canto XXVIII, lines . 133 £i asa- 

"Without doubt 
I saw, and yet it seems to pass before me, 
A headless trunk that even as the rest 
Of the sad flock paced oirward. By the hair 
It bore the severed member, lantern-wise 
Pendent in h£Uid, which looked at us, and said: 
'Woe's me. ' The spirit lighted thus himself; 
And two there were in one, and one in two. 
How that may be, he knows who ordereth so. 
When at the bridge's foot direct he stood, 
His arm aloft he reared, thrusting the, head 
Pull in our view, that neared we might hear 
The words, which thus it uttered: 'Now behold 
This grievous torment, thou, who breathing goest 
To spy th^-dead: behold, if any else 
Be terrible as this, and that on earth 
Thou mayest bear tidings of me, know that I 
Am Bertrand, he of Bom, viho gave King John 
The counsel mischievous. Father ajui. son 
I set at mutual vmx. For Absalom 
And David more did not Ahitqphel, 
Spurring them on maliciously to strife. 



-33- 

For parting those so clbsely knit; my brain 
Parted, alas. I carry from its source, 
That in this trunk inhabits. Thus the law 
Of. retrilbution fiercely works in me."' 



As indicating the friendly feeling of Dr. Woodward and also 

Surgeon General Earnes towards Dr. Brinton, Dr. W. W. Keen of 

Philadelphia wrote a letter in 1873 to Dr. Woodward, to which the 

latter replied Jvlne 12, 1873 as follows: 

"If there was any \vay in which I could help you to secure 
the object of yout laudable ambition without acting in hostility 
to other friends it would certainly give me the greatest pleasiire. 
I learn however that my old acquaintance Dr. Forbes and my former 
colleague, Di^, , Brinton, are among the candidates. You will not 
therefore be surprised that I should desire to maintain neutrality 
and be unwilling to advocate any one candidate when I feel equally 
kindly tbwards others. I am under the impression that Dr. Barnes 
Vias already written a letter in favor of Dr. Brinton, and I doubt 
not that if you ask him he will forward a statement of your record 
yfhile connected with the Army, if you think that would be of use." 

In January, 1865, the lower room of the Museum building was 
floored and a large glazed case installed. A workshop for making 
plaster casts was fitted up in a back building and Hospital Steward 
Goulding was assigned to the duty of making them; afterwards thi-s 
work was done by Hospital Steward Ernest Schafliirt. 

On February 22, William Bell of Philadelphia was enlisted as 
Hospital Steward eind assigned to duty in charge of the photograph 
gallery. In March, Hospital Steward Ernest Schafhirt was assigned 
to duty, to assist Dr. Woodward. 

About March 1, E. M. Schaeffer, Hospital Steward, U.S.A., 
was assigned to duty at the Museiaa, under Dr. Woodv/ard. 



-34- 

On March 13, Dr. Otis asked that three hnge hw m is be s-unk 
in the grotuQcL for the offal from the workshops. 

B^intoI^ "Memoirs", page 348, says that in March, 1865, 
whan he resigned from the Army, he received from some of the 
medical officers at Nashville specimens of shot injury; that 
these s\3Xgeona had been notified from Washington tBat they need 
not send any more wet specimens to the Museum* 

In .April, the photographer made 1500 photographs of the 
assassins of President Lincoln to help the Department of Justioip 
in the arrest. 

About Ifey 21, Alfred A. Woodhull, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A., 
was assigned to duty at the Musetm to assist Dr. Otis. 

On June 17, Dr. Otis requested that the whiskey that bad 
been confiscated and was in the hands of the Commissary GemrsT 
be turned orer to the Musem to be redistilled to recover the al- 
cohol. 

The following circular order was issued June 26: 

Surgeon General's Office, Washington, DDC. 
June 26, 1865. 
Circular Orders, 

No. 6. , V 11 

The Surgeon General desires that when Hospitals shall 
be discontinued and their Libraries disposed of, the most valuable 
works. Scientific, Historical, etc., shall be carefully selected, 
packed and turned over to the Quartermaster's Department for trans- 
portation to Surgeon George A. Otis, U.S.V., Curator of the Army 
Medical Museum, In this city. 

By order of the Surgeon General: 

W. C. Spencer, 

Asst. Surgeon, U.S. Army. 

(*I do net finl any record of an order of that kind. D.S. Lamb,) 



-35- 

July 1, In a report of Dr. G. A. Otis to the Surgeon General, 

he says: 

"In accordance with your order of October 3, 1864 I asstuned charge 
of the pMperty jSod financial affairs of the Musevsn at that date 
and the dirocJUrtSn of the scientific operations of the surgical and 
phetographical departments: the exclusive control of the medical 
and microscopical departments "being assigned to Asst. Surgeon 
Woodward, U.S.A. by your order of October 6, 1864. 

"Early in November the large glazed cases in the iqiper hall 
v/ere completed and the osteological specimens were placed in them, 
being classified according to regions. About two fifths of the 
annual appropriation was paid to the contractor, H. Wingate, in 
accordance with the contract made by Surgeon Brinton. 

"About the same period a coomodlous photograph gallery was 
erected in the yard of the Moaeum by the Quartermaster's depart- 
ment, and supplied with water, baths, screens, shelving, etc. 
A few articles of furniture were procured from the Medical Pur- 
veyor. A sufficient amount of apparatus of high order of excel- 
lence, as is believed, was purchased from the Museum fund at a 
cost of about $1200.00, Hospital Steward Wills, U.S.A., formerly 
employed by the Topographical Bureau, was at first entrusted with 
the photographic work but subsequently a skilful photographer, Mr. 
Bell, was enlisted as a Hospital Steward and assigned to duty at 
the Musetm as the principal photographer with Mr. Wills as an as- 
sistant. It is believed that the photographic work do«e at the 
Museum is creditable to the office. Over 50 of the more interest- 
ing specimens in the Muse-on have been represented, of in^erial 
size, and about 40 complete gets of this series, that is about 
1000 large photographs, each accompanied with a history of the 
specimen have been issued to the Medical Directors of the Armies 
and of Departments, and to eminent military surgeons abroad. These 
photographs have been much admired and it is thought that the 
interest felt in the Museum has been augaented by their distribution. 
Small photographs to serve as a gtdde for the wood engravers have 
been executed to the nunber of 150, and an equal number of woodcuts 
have been prepared, illustrating gunshot injuries, means of trans- 
portation, etc., and. suitable for intercalation in the text of an 
illustrated catalogue or publication relating to the surgery of the 
war. Photographs have likewise been made of ambulances, surgical 
apparatus and of a very large number of cases of interesting in- 
juries, at the general hospitals- lastly during the month of April, 
1865, there were printed 1500 photographs of the assassins of the 
President, for the assistance of the officers of justice. 

"In January, 1855, the Quartermaster's Department fitted vc^ a 
workshop for a moulder in plaster in the building in rear of the 
Museum, and also floored the lower hall of the main building and 



/ 



-36- 

erected in it a largo glass case. Hospital Steward Goulding, 
U.S.A., assigned to the duty of malcing plaster casts of patho- 
logical specimens, fell sick and died before he had perfected 
any of his work, but hia place «as srapplied by Hospital Steward 
E. Schafhirt who has mounted over 100 of the casts and models 
contributed to the collection, and has made a number of new casts 
in a satisfactory manner. The casts, models, plana of hospitals, 
missiles and many miscellaneous subjects of interest are now 
arranged in the lower hall of the Museum. 

"Under the direction of Asst. Surgeon Woodward, U.S.A., the 
microscopical cabinet has received large accessories. Additional 
apparatus has been purchased and the mefiucxs of investigations in 
this department are unquestionably of unsurpassed excellence. Por 
several months Asst. Surgeon Curtis, U.S.A., has been engaged in 
experiments in microphotography and the results already attained 
have been favorably received by the scientific world. 

"In the surgical department 997 new specimens have been motmted 
ani catalogued since October 3, 1864, an^ a large nvanber of others 
which were simply duplicates of specimens already in the Muaetsn, 
have been mounted and l£Lid aside for extjhaxiQe. The specimens con- 
tributed during the past year have largely illustrated the repa- 
rative efforts of nature after gtmshot injuries and the resulta 
of surgical operations. The undersigned has devoted all his leisure 
time to the compilation of a suitable catalogue of the surgical 
cabinet. Asst. Surgeons Porter and Stone have likewise been em- 
ployed in this duty when not engaged in collating surgical sta- 
tistics. Asst. Surgeon Woodhull at present devotes hia whole time 
to the catalogue. About half the specimens are now described aixi 
it is hoped that the catalogue will be ready for the preas in about 
four months- 

"In the medical cabinet the illustrations of the principal 
cainp diseases of armies are very complete. Many valuable additions 
have been made during the past year in the shape of specimens of 
parasitic diseases, and anomalies and deformities, and of morbid 
processes in general. A large supply of confiscated whiskey having 
been turned over to the Masevm by the titp^jor General conroanding 
the Department of Washington, a sufficient quantity of alcohol 
has been distilled to mount the wet preparations suitably. A 
sufficient number of glass jars is now en hand to meet the re- 
quirements of the Muaevsn probably for a year to come. 



" Arrangement 8 have been made to Inaugurate a system of ex- 
changes with the Museum of the Royal College of S\argeons of 
London, the Society for Medical Improvement in Boston, and the 
Pathological Society of San Francisco. 

"The number of visitors to the collection constantly in- 
creases. There has been a cordial collaboration on the part of 
surgeons in charge of hospitals, and an entire harmony and con- 
cert of action between the Medical and Surgical Departments of 
the Mosevim. The appropriation for the coming year is ansple for 
the expenditures at present. The Musevim already occupies no mean 
place among scientific collections, and may be regarded as an object 
of Just pride to the Medical Staff of the Army", 

On J\jly 21, Herii'y H, Nichols was d6ihg engraving fdt ihe MuseXan. 

On August 24, Df. Jesse C. Vf. Itenncn, Actg, Asst^ 3tlr^eon, 
was assigned to duty at the Museum to assist Dr. Woodward. 

On September 13 j Tfa. Schultze, Hospital Steward, U.S.A., was 
draftsman and cdlorist. 

The following circular order was issued on September 27 J 

Surgeon General's Office, Washington, D.C. 
September 27, 1865. 
Circular Orders, 
Ko. 15. 

By authority of the War Department all Slush Punds of 
hospitals that have been discontinued, now in the possession of 
Medical Purveyors, or that may accr\ie from the sale of articles 
purchased at hospitals frcm that Pund, will be forwarded to Sur- 
geon George A. Otis, U.S. Vols., Curator Army Medical Musexan, 
Surgeon General's Office, Washington, D,C., who will receipt for 
the same. 

Medical Directors will also forward any funds of this char- 
acter in their possession to the same officer. 
By order of the Surgeon General. 

C, H. Crane 

Surgeon, U.S. Army. 

About October 1 Dr. S.S. Bond, Hospital Steward, U.S.A., was 
assigned to duty at the Museum; with Dr. Woodward. 

On November 2, an additional photographer was employed, G.O, 
Brown, Hospital Steward, U.S.A. 



-38- 
On November 3, D» S. Lamb, Hospital Steward, U.S.A. , was 
assigned to duty at the Muse-um, in the medical side, under Dr. 
Woodv/ard. 

On December 13, the following specimens were selected to 
be sent to the Paris Extsosition of 1867: Ambulance, medicine wagon, 
four litters and a modeil of a geneiral hospitsd. 

By the end of the year, the Mafedum collection had become so 
large that the Surgeon General directed a subdivision as follows J 
1. Surgical Section under charge of Dr. Otis; 2. Medical Section; 
and 3. Microscopical Section under charge of Dr. Woodward; 4. Human 
Aaatomy Section under Dr. Otis; 5. Comparative Anatomy Section under 
Dr. Woodward; and 6. Miscellaneous Section under Dr. Otis. 

It may be remarked here that a series of 100 post mortem exam- 
inations was made at the Freedmen's Hospital, Washington, from Aiiguit 
25, 1865 to May 18, 1866; the first 9 by Steward A. J. Schafhirt, 
the remainder by Steward S. S. Bond, both of them attaches of the 
Museum. Steward Lamb assisted Bond from the time of appointment, 
Nov. 3, 1865, until the close of the series. Still later, Steward 
Lamb made many other post mortem examinations at the same hospital. 

The following were published during the year, based more or 
less on work at the Museum: 

By Dr. Woodward: "On the use of aniline in histological re- 
searches with a method of investigating the histology of the human 
intestine and remarks on some of the points to be observed in the 
study of the diseased intestine in camp fever and diarrhoea." Am, 
Jour. Med. Sc. , Phi la. , 1865, XLIX, 106. 



-39- 

By Drs. Otis and Woodward, Circular No. 6, Surgeon General's 

Office, 

"Reports on the extent and nat-ure of the materials available 
for the preparation of a medical and surgical history of the re- 
bellion." Washington, Nov. 1, 1865. 

Surgeon General's Office, Airoy Medical Museum, Photographic 

Series, 109 photographs. 

On March 20, 1866, there was a burglary in the photographic 

gallery of the Museum. On March 22, an official inquiry was made 

as to precautions taken for the safety of the Museum at night. 

Dr, Woodhull reported that the burglai-s had entered through a 

window which had been left unfastened. On March 23, Dr. Otis 

reported to the Surgeon General that the value of the apparatus 

stolen was about $469.00, Wach more valuable apparatus was not 

disturbed. There was no watchmarr. Only an orderly was on the 

premises from 4 p.m. to 9 a.m. next day. A night watch had now 

been detailed. 

On K&y 25, a lot of non-medical books which had been sent 

to the Miseum from discontinued hospitals were ordered to be 

divided among four employees who were connected with Sunday Schools 

in Washington, to be given to the said Schools. 

On Jtme 11, Hospital Steward Bond was transferred from the 

Museum to clerical duty elsewhere. 

In the Atlantic Monthly of July, 1866, p. 1, was an article 

by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, of Philadelphia, entitled "The case of 

George Dedlow, " purporting to be an 6.ccount of an officer of an 

Indiana Regiment who was shot and suffered engsutation in both 



-40- 
arme aixTboth thighs, his amputated legs being deposited in the 
Mase-um, Nob. 3486 and 3487. The story ie fictitious, as no case 
of quadruple amputation was reported for the Army during the Civil 
War. 

Through the courtesy of Dr. W. W. Keen of Philadelphia, 
Dr. J. K. Mitchell of Philadelphia furnished the following extract 
from Dr. S. Weir Mitchell's private papers, which is quite similar 
to the statement on page 142 of the Memorial Addresses &c. of 
Mitchell, published in 1914: 

"I never again wrote anything for publication until the 
year after the war. One night I was conversing with my friend, 
Henry Wharton, on the subject of the lose of limbs, I mentioned 
the singular phenomena connected with this loss and spoke of a 
man who had lost both legs and both arms in the fight at Mobile 
Bay. Wharton, who was fond of such talk, laxighlingly suggested 
that possibly a man might thus lose a certain part of his con- 
sciousness of his own irdividviality. After he left I began to 
amuse myself by writing the history of such a person. I was at 
a loss for a name when, standing on a step in Price St. , I saw 
opposite me, on a jeweler's sign, "Dedlow. " I thou^t this a good 
name for a man vrtio had lost his legs and so called this 'The case 
of George Dedlow, ' •' 

"I loaned this to my friend, Mrs. Casper Wister, who gave 
it to her father, the late Rev. Dr. Purness, to read. Then I 
forgot all about it. I was a busy practising doctor. It had 
been the amusement of one or two evenings. Dr. Purness sent it 
to the Rev. Edward E. Hale, then editor of the Atlantic, and to 
my surprise and amusement, I received a check, I think about 
eighty dollars, and the proof of my story, 

"It was considered so important that it was made the leading 
article in the next hxiraber but one of the Atlantic. It attracted 
Immense attention. So real did it appear that subscriptions were 
made for the unfortunate man, inclosures directed to what was 
known as the Stvimp Hospital at Philadelphia, and for a long while 
no one knew who had written this marvellous history. " 

On September 24, there was a fire in the photograph gallery, 

apparently due to Hot ashes placed in a wooden box. She damage was 

Blight. 



-41- 
The-old Ford's theatre "building in which President Lincoln 
was assassinated had been closed after the tragedy. Congress had 
authorized its use for p\irpo8e8 of the Museum and the Pension Recoris. 
The "hfuildlng had been altered and repaired and was nearly ready for 
occT^pancy and preparations were made to occupy it. Its old number 
\ms 454 Tenth Street, N.W., afterwards No. 511. 

On October 20, Dr. Otis requested the Quartermaster to take 
down the cases in the Muaevm in order to give the use of the building 
to the Medical Department of Coltanbian Ckjllege (or National Medical 
College as it was then called) for lecture purposes. 

On November 12, Dr. Otis asked the Quartermaster for wagons 
to begin the removal of specimens from the H Street building to the 
old Ford's theatre building. The removal now proceeded somewhat 
irregularly until December 8, when it was completed. The part under 
charge of Dr. Woodward occupied in removal from November 19 to 24. 

On December 11, the removal of material and records from 180 
Pennsylvania Avenue to the Ifeseum building began and was completed, 
and No. 180 was vacated December 21. 

The following publications of 1866 by Dr. Woodward were based 
more or less on work at the Masetin; 

"Report on the causes and pathology of pyania (septicaemia)"; 
Trans. An. Med. Assoc, Phi la. , 1866, XVII, 171. 

"On photomicrography with the highest powers, as practiced in 
the Army Medical Museian" ; An. Jour. Sc. Sc Arts, New Haven, 1866, XLII, 
189. 

"On micrography with high powers"; Quart. Jour. Micros. Soo. 
Lend., 1866, VI, 165." 

By Dr. Woodhull: "Catalogue of the Surgical Section of the United 
States Army Medical Muse-um. Prepared under the direction of the 



— -42- 

Surgeon General, U.S. Army, by Alfred A. WoodhvQl, Asst. Surgeon 
and Brevet Major, U.S. Army." Washington, Government Printing 
Office, 1866, 4to. pp. 564 (4719 specimens). 

The claaaification comprised thirty chapters, each with more 
or less minute subdivisions. The chapters were as follows: 
Chapter 1. Injuries and diseases of the cranium. 

2. The face. 

3. Vertebrae and cord. 

4. Thoracic parietes. 

5. ShoTilder joint. 

6. Shaft of humerus. 

7. Elbow joint. 

8. Shafts of radius and vilna. 

9 . Carpus . 

10. Hand. 

11. Pelvis. 

12. Hip joint. 

13. Shaft of femur. 

14. Knee joint. 

15. Shafts of tibia and fibula. 

16. Tarsus. 

17. Foot. 

18. Organs of circxilation. 

19. Organs of respiration. 

20. Abdominal viscera, etc. 

21. Results of operations on soft tissues. 

22. Injuries to soft tissues, not viscera. 

23. Erysipelas, etc. 

24. Tumors. 

25. Oasts. 

26. Photographs and drawings. 

27. Weapons and projectiles. 

28. Materia chinargica. 

29. Miscellaneous articles. 

30. Lower animals. 

The specimens for the most part were prepared axid mounted by 
Dr. Fred. Schafhirt and his son, Ernest Schafhirt. 

In 1867, copies of the Surgical Catalogue as well as other pub- 
lications of the Surgeon General's Office were from time to time 
sent to institutions and persons abroad. The acknowledgements 
were usually perfunctory. (See Bgill, Acad. Imp. de Med., Paris, 
1870, XXXV, page 274, March 29, 1870). 



-43- 

ThS' slush funds from discontinued hospitals were still being 
turned over to the Museujr. 

On January 23, 1357, the office hours were extended from 3 
p.m. to 4 p.m. 

On March 25, a:i order v/as issued by the Quartermaster General 
(D.H. Rucker) authoiizing qioartsrni^.Rtsr's in charge of Government 
trains returning from the frontier or other remote points, upon the 
requisition of medical officers, to furnish transportation by such 
trains for collections for the Army Medical Museum, when such trans- 
portation cotild be furnished without injury to the public service- 

During the Civil War, the accessions to the Mosetsn consisted 
principally of specimens illustrating the injtiries and diseases that 
produce death or disability during war, thus affording material for 
precise methods of study of problems regarding the diminution of 
mortality and alleviation of suffering in armies; only a few acqui- 
sitions had been made of anatomical objects, or of specimens illus- 
trating subjects collateral to military medicine. 

To enlarge the scope of the Museum, Surgeon General J. K. 
Barnes thro\agh Circular No. 2, Surgeon General's Office, April 4, 1867 
invited medical officers of the Army to contribute, besides medical 
and surgical specimens, the following: 

1. Rare pathological specimens from animals, including mon- 
strosities. 

8... lypical crania of Indian tribes; specimens of their arms, 
dress, implements, rare articles of their diet, medicines, etc. 

3. Specimens of poisonous insects and reptiles, and their 
effects on animals. 

On April 13, the Museum collection had been arrsmged and 

on the loth was officially opened to visitors. 



-44- 
Th. September 16, the record was made of a a^jring of water 
in the cellar of the Museum building. Indeed there were aaid to 
be several springs. The water accumulated eapecially in the ash- 
pit and wag troublesome. 

On DecJembef lo, aii elniei' fbi- Jars waa giveil to the New 
fihgland Glaris Canp&hyi 

The total number of visitors wHo l-egietered their names from 
April 16 to December 31 was about 6000. 

Hospital tents as well as the other things previously mentioned 
had been sent to the Paris Exposition of 1867. 

Two Catalogues were issued during the year 1867 as follows: 

"Catalogue of the Medical Section of the United States Army 
Medical Museum. Prepared under the direction of the Surgeon Gen- 
eral, U.S.Army, by Brevet Lieut. Colonel J. J. Woodward, Assistant 
Surgeon, U.S. Aroiy, in charge of the Medical and Microscopical 
Sections of the Museum."' Washington, Government Printing Office, 
1867, 4to. pp.136 (described 877 specimens). 

The classification was in eight chapters as follows: 

1. Nervous system, under which were Brain, Membranes of 
brain. Pineal gland, Bloodvessels of Encephalon, and 
Spinal cord. 

2. Organs of circulation, under which were Heart, Arteries 
and Veins, Lymphatic glands and Thyroid gland. 

3. Eespiratory organs, under which were Air passages, and 
Lungs and Pleura. 

4. Digestive organs, under which were Mouth, Pharynx and 
Oesophagus, Stomach, Intestinal canal. Peritoneum and 
Omentum, Liver, Pancreas and Spleen. 

5. Urino-genital organs, under which were Kidneys, Supra- 
renal capsule, Urinary passages and Bladder, Male organs 
of generation, and Female organs of generation and Fetus. 

6. Organs of locomotion, under which were Muscles and Fasciae, 
and Bones and Joints. 



-45- 

7. Integument. 

8. AnQoalies and Monstroaitles. 

The epeclmens had been prepared by Hospital Stewards A. J. 
"Bchafhirt, S. S. Bond and S. D. Lamb. 

"Catalogue of the Microscopical Section of the United States 
Army Medical Museum. Prepared under the direction of the Surgeon 
General, U.S. Army, by Brevet Major Edward Curtis, Asst. Surgeon, 
U.S. Army," Washington, Government Printing Office, 1867, 4to. 
pp. 161 (described 2120 specimens). 

The classification was as follows : 
Part 1st. Mounted preparations for the mitroscopej 18 chapters. 

1. Connective tissue system. 

2. External tegumentary system. 

3. Muaci^ar system. 

4. Osseous system. 

5. Vascular system. 

6. Nervous system. 

7. Digestive organs. 

8. Respiratory organs. 

9. Urinary organs and suprarenal glands. 

10. Sexual organs, ova ana fetal appendages. 

11. Organs of vision. 

12. Organ of hearing. 

13. Organ of smell. 

.4. Pathological growths. 

,5. Parasites. 

.6. Articles of food and clothing, end materia medioa. 

,7. Siatomes and other test objects. 

.8. Miscellaneous. 

Pcyrt Sol. Photographic negatives of microscopio objects; 18 chap- 
ters with the seme titles as under Part let, omitting sec- 
tions 9 to 13. 



P^l 



rt 3rd. Photograi^s presented to the Museum. 

The specimens, except vrtiere otherwise stated, were prepared 
and mounted, the greater part, by Dr. J.C.W. Kennon, the remainder 
by Asst. Gurg. Curtis and Hospital Steward £. M. Schaeffer. 



-46- 
The other publications duriiig the year were: 

J-aly l: "Report on Amputations at the Hip Joint in Military 
Surgery," published as Circxxlar No, 7, Surgeon General's Office, by 
Dr. Otis, and also a publication by Dr. Otis: "Drawings, Photogi'aphs 
and Lithographs illustrating the histories of seven survivors of the 
operation of amputation at the hip joint, during the War of the Re- 
bellion, together with abstracts of the seven successful cases." 
Siirgeon General's Office, 1867. 

The following by Dr. Woodward was based on the work at the 
Mnse-um: "On monochromatic illumination"; Quart* Jour. Microsc. Soc. 
London, 1867, VII, 253. 

Ford's theatre building when taken for Museum purposes was al- 
tered as follows: three floors, consisting of brick arches resting 
on iron girders, were put in and a main stairway of iron. But the 
roof, which was covered with olate, consisted of ordinary wooden 
beams supporting pine sheathing boards, and the upper hall occupied 
by the Muse\zn was ceiled with ]Ath and plaster fastened to wooden 
studding. The North wing of the building, which was under the great 
roof, was of ordinary dwelling house construction with wooden floors 
and stairways; the same was true of the South wing which however had 
a separate roof. (Dr. Woodward's letter to the Surgeon General, Oct. 
15, 1877. ) 

Early in 1878, it was found necessary to tear down the back 
wall of the South building and build it up ajiew; it was badly cracked. 
In the fall of 1878, the owner of the property immediately north of 
the Muaevim building tore it down in order to erect a new building, 
intending to have a cellar excavated. This necessitated uMerpinnlng 
the north wall of the Museum building, which did not go down as far 
as the excavation for the intended cellar. 



-47- 

The following is the description of the biaildlne ty £t. 
Woodward in 1871) (l) 



(1) "The Army Medical Muae-um at Washington," Lippincott's 
Magazine, March, 1871, p. 233. 



The Army Medical Museum is situated on Tenth Street between 
£ and P where it ocagsies a pcrii.on of a building, the rest of 
which accommodates a branch office of the Sturgeon General. This 
building was formerly well known to the visitors of Washington as 
Ford » 6 Theater. It is a plain brick structure, three stories high, 
71 feet front and 109 feet deep. At the rear of the North aide of 
Xhe main building is a small wing which accommodates some of the 
Mueem woricahops, another wing at the front of the South side con- 
tains the chemical laboratory and the offices of the medical offi- 
cers on duty. The whole establishment is devoid of any pretention 
to architectural beauty, and the exterior being painted dark broWn 
has a rather gloomy aspect. 

•♦nie upper story of the main building is the principal hall 
of the Kiisem, It is well lighted by windows in front and in rear, 
and by a large central slqrlight which has beneath It in each floor 
an obloag opening through which the light falls Into the departments 
below. The numerous glass cases for the accommodation of specimens, 
which oover all available wall space, and stand out in long lines 
v^on the floor, are moat of them constructed In the plainest manner, 
with frames of ^Ine wood painted white, for use evidently rather 
wian for show. The floors are of brick en iron arehes ; that in the 
Musetia hall being covered with encaustic tiles; the principal stair* 
*ay is of iton, and the roof Is covered with slate. "' 

"This portion of the establishment may therefore be regarded 
as nearly fireproof. Tfafortunately this is not the ease with the 
wings, for the protection of which a plentiful supply of hose is kept 
^ f^*"'^®*®' *"^ * °*®^ force pump is connected with the boiler 
of the steam heating j^paratus for use in any emergency." 

On January 13, 1868, Dr. Otis wrote a, series of letters to 

Army Medical Officers in regard to proeu>i«g, for the Museum, crania 

and weapons «f American Indians. On January 14« he wrote another 

series of lettsrs stating that a subsection of the Museum had been 

formed to Include diseases and Injuries of the lower animals and 

asking for specimens. 



-48- 

In Fa"broary, a circular from the Surgeon General was issiied 
aaking among other thing* tor photographs and casts shovurlng the 
results of Injuries, and also for pathological specimens. 

On February 22, William Bell, the photographer, was dis- 
charged because of the expiration of his three year term of service. 

On February 27, Dr. Woodward recommended that Dr. D. S, Lamb, 
Hospital Steward, U.S.A., be appointed Acting Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A. 
He was appointed April 1st, 

In April, Dr. Woodhtdl was relieved from duty at the Museum, 
In May, Prof. Henry of the Smithsonian Institution donated 
to the Museum about 150 Indian crania. In this month also, the 
Museum ac<iuired the "Gibson? collection. The history of this ac- 
quisltlon Is as follows: 

In a letter of John H. Janeway, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A., Office 
Medical Purveyor, Richmond, Va. , January 6, 1866, to A. A. Woodhull, 
Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A., Surgeon General's Office, he said: 

"Doctor: In accordance with your note of Dec. 29, 1865, I 
visited In company with Dr. Gaillard of this city and Col. I Simons, 
U.S.A., Medical Director of this Department, the collection of the 
late Dr. C. B. Gibson, now offered for sale, and have the honor to 
transmit herewith a catalogue of the same. The great bulk of this 
collection was feiade by Prof. TTm. Gibson, Bneritus Professor of Sur- 
gery, University of Pennsylvania, *nd which for a long time was 
used by him in his lectures, and well known for Its completeness 
and great value. 

"The forty-two oil paintings, aside from their professional 
value are of great value as works of art. The osteological part 
of the collection I consider unique, embracing I think every known 
fracture and disease of bone, and showing the powers of nature In 
the repair of the same. A number of specimens are from Waterloo. 
I think that this part of the collection would be of great value 
in filling a gap In the Army Museian, which must necessarily exist, 
showing reunion af fer fractures, sabre cuts and repair from disease. 

"The wax preparations are elegant specimens and the leather 



-49- 

ones, though not much used now, are the finest that I have ever 
seen. The whole collection is in good state of preservation, spec- 
imens well mounted and enclosed in upright cases. The college at 
New Orleans and at this place and some parties in Philadelphia have 
been writing ahout the price &c. Mrs. Gibson proposes in regard to 
the price the following, which I consider very liberal: She will 
appoint one professional man, the other party to appoint one, and 
the two to appoint a third, £^ she agrees to be bound by the de- 
cision of the three." 

In 1868, the Museum bought the collection. Dr. Janeway was 

still on the spot. He wrote April 23 to the Surgeon General: 

"I have the honor to report that I purchased yesterday at 
public auction, for cash, the entire collection known as the "Gibson 
Cabinet," for the sum of $1015.00. I was induced to exceed by $15.00 
the limit prescribed in a comaiuni cation from your office, dated 
AprillSth, by the fact that a large collection of urinary calculi, 
all very valuable, and some exceedingly rare, was added to the cab- 
inet at the time of sale. These were not Included in the published 
catalogue, and will fill a vacancy now existing in the Army Medical 
Museizn, and had they been offered as a separate lot it would have 
brought considerably more than I gave for them, parties being present 
who were anxious to purchase them. " 

In a private note to Dr. Otis, Dr. Janeway said that [Dr. ] 
"Gross was prepared to go $750. himself and $250. for another party 

if the collection had been sold by lots or specimens Was it 

Bgixter, or who the Devil was it that sent me under the frank of 
Senator Yates that resolution concerning the appropriation, for- 
bidding the Surgeon General to use any more money?" 

The collection filled 15 boxes and 3 casks and craoprised 413 
dry preparations (bones), Z plaster casts, 52 wax preparations il- 
lustrating human anatomy, and 42 oil paintings by Sully, of tumors, 
calculi, bone diseases, hydrocephalus, hemorrhoids, diseases of eye, 
of geni to-urinary organs, cancer, goiter, spinal curvature, &c. ; 
altogether 529 specimens. They were received at the Musermi April 
30 emd May 1 and 2. 

On May 6, the Surgeon General held a reception at the Museum, 
for the American Medical Association, which was then meeting in 



_ -50- 

WaahingtoA, Dr. Woodward showed transparencies of microphotogra^^hs. 

On June 6, a Circular of Instructions was issued by L. A. 
Sa«arda, Surgeon, U.S.A.. Chief Medical Officer of the Rreedoiea'a 
BuJreau, t© medical officers of the Bureau, directing them to collect 
specimens for the Army Medical Muee^^m. (See letter of Dr. Otis of 
Nor. 3, 1877. ) A number of interesting specimens were receircd 
at the Museum as a result of this circular. 

On July 11, a letter from Dr. Crane, Aest. Surgeon General, 
stated that a Veterinary Muaevan, collected by Dr, L. A. Brailey, 
V.S., and arranged by him for the Sutgeon General, would be turned 
over to the Museum. (Dr, Brailey is credited with 29 specimens). 

Sometime during the auniner a paper was issued by the Surgeon 
General in regard to the microscopical wori of the Museum. 

On September 1, the following was issued: 

War Department, Surgeon General's Office, 

Washington, D.C, September 1, 1868. 

MEMDRANDUM FOR THE INTORMATION OF MEDICAL OFFICEBS. 

"The officers of the Medical Staff are informed that a cran- 
iological collection was commenced last year at the Army Medical' 
Museum, and that it already Includes 143 specimens of skulls. The 
chief purpose bad in view in forming this collection is to aid in 
the progress of anthropological science by obtaining measurements 
of a large number of skulls of the aboriginal races of North America. 
Medical Officers stationed in the Indian country or in the vicinity 
of ancient Indian mounds or cemeteries in the Mississippi valley 
or the Atlantic region have peculiar facilities for promoting this 
Mndertaklng. They have already enriched the Mbrtonlan and other 
noagnlflcent cranlologlcal cabinets by their contributions, and It 
le hoped they will evince even greater zeal In collecting for their 
own Museum. A list of the crania now In the possession of the Museum 
will soon be published In the Catalogue of the Osteologlcal Series 
of the Anatomical Section, is Is sufficient here to state that 47 
of the 143 specltoens are Indian crania fi-om the following tribes: 



-51- 

Tsuktehi, 1; FlAthead, Chenook, Selipsh, Nisqmlly, 13; Californiaan, 
5; ?iegan, Spokane, Mandaa, 3; Arickaree, Gros Ventre, 2; Sioiuc, 
Kaw, Mimtaree, Mexvaninee, 6; Cheyenne, Kiowa, Arrapahoe, Wichita, 
10; Navajo and i^che, 5; doubtful or mixed breeds, 5. These oraiiia 
were collected by Brevet Lieutenant Coloneas J. Cooper McEee, B.C. 
Petprs, C.C. Gray, F. L. Town, Sargeon B. F. Pryer, Brevet Ma^jors 
J. F. Weeds, W. H. Forwood, Acting Assistant Surgeons W. Ife,tthew8 
and G. H. Oliver, Dr. George Suckley, Mr. George Gibba, Lieutenant 
(now Brevet Major General) G. K. Warren, and Mr. Lloyd Brooke, 
latifomiation has been received of the shipment of an interesting 
series of crania exhumed from an ancient Indian mound near Fort 
Wadsworth, Dakota Territory, by Acting Assistant Surgeon A. I, 
Comfort, and of many crania procured at the instance *d the MedicAl 
Directors of the Department of Columbia and the District of Texas. 

"While exotic and normal and abnormal crania of all descrip- 
tions are valued at the Museum for purposes of comparison, it is 
chiefly desired to procure sufficiently large series of adult 
crania of the principal Indian tribes to furnish accurate average 
measurements. Medical Officers will enhance the value of their 
contributions by transmitting with the specimens the fullest attain- 
able memoranda, specifying the locality whence the skulls were de- 
rived, the presumed age and sex, and, in the case of "Mound" skulls, 
or of those from cemeteries, describing the mode of sepulture, and 
any traces of weapons, implements, utensils found with the specimens, 
or any other circumstance that may'th^fow light on their ethnic char- 
acter. 

••The subject is earnestly consnended to the attention of the 
Medical Officers of the Army. 

BY OBDER OF THE SURGEON GENERAL: 



C. H. Crane, 

Assistant Surgeon General, 

U. S. Army." 

During the month of November, Prof. John Oemgee of London 
was employed by the Comnissioner of Agriculture to investigate 
diseases of cattle in the United States. As the Bureau of Agri- 
culture did not possess a microscope, one was lent to Prof. Gamgee 
by the Miseum. 

On December 18, Dr. Woodward gave a lecture and lantern ex- 
hibition to members of Congress at the Museum. 



-52- 
S^ following publication hy Dr. Woodward during the year 
was based on work done at the Museum: 

"Hemarks on the new 19 band teet plate of Nobert. " Quart. 
Jour. Microsc. Soc. , London, 1868, VIII, 225. Same title in: 
Aner. Jour. So. and Arts, New Haven, 1868, XLVI, 352. 

On January 4, 1869, 200 photographs were sent to the Eoyal 
College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland. 

On January 13, specimens were sent to the College of Phy- 
sicians, Philadelphia; 26 specimens showing shot fracture of bone, 
7 plaster casts, and 4 volumes of surgical photographs. 

On January 14, Dr. Otis stated that the Museum had a lith- 
ographic press with stones, etc. that cost $290.84 and had not 
been used; none of the employees knew how to use it. On hie advice 
it was sold. 

On January 14, a letter was sent to the Surgeon General, as 
follows : 

"Smithsonian Institution, 
Washington, January 14, 1859. 

"Dr. J. K. Barnes, 

Surgeon General, U.S. Army. 

Dear Sir; 

^ *^e return of the exploring Ebcpedition under Admiral, 
then Capt. Wilkes, the Government established a National Museum 
consisting of specimens of Natural History and Ethnology, which 
it subsequently placed in charge of the Staithsonian Institution, 
with authority to increase the collection by exchange aixi other- 
wise. The Government having since established an Army Medical 
Museum to be composed of specimens to illustrate the various 
branches of science connected with anatomy, physiology, medicine 
and surgery, and also a Museum in charge of the Department of 
Agriculture to consist of articles intended principally to illus- 
trate the economical reao\ircex of the country, it is important that 
these establishments should be in harmonious cooperation in order 



-53- 

that the collections of the Government in the city of Washington 
niay "be complomentaxy to each other, or in other words, each as per- 
fect as possible in definite lines. 

"With this view I address you at present in regard to an ex- 
change of specimens which are now in possession of the Army Medical 
MuLsevaa, relative to Indian Archaeology and Anthropology, for spec- 
imens relative to humaji and comparative Aoatomy in the Saithsonian 
Institution. The specimens referred to as now in our possession 
consist of a series of skulls which I am informed will he required 
for the preparation of a monograph, under yotir direction, of the 
6rania of North America. Those for which we propose to make an ex- 
change and which are in the Medical Museian, consist of a collection 
of objects illustrative of the maimers, customs and arts of the 
Indians of this continent. 

"Hoping to receive a favorable response to this proposition, 
I have the honor to be with much respect, yours &c. 

(Signed) Joseph Henry 

Secretary, Smithsonian 

Institution. 



n 



The Assistant Surgeon General, Dr. C. H. Crane, endorsed on 
the letter, the following to Dr. Otis, Curator of the Maseum, January 
15: "As the Surgeon General will be most happy to make the exchange 
proposed by Prof. Henry, and as you are familiar with the entire 
negotiations, please write a suitable reply to this letter for the 
Surgeon General's signature." 

Already, however, in May, 1868, Prof. Henry had sent about 150 
Indian crania to the Army Medical Muse'um. 

The following is the letter from Dr. Otis to Prof. Henry, Janmry 

21: 

"Referring to your letter to the Surgeon General of Janumry 
14th, and to his reply of the 16th, I have the honor to inform you 
that I have been authorized by the Surgeon General to make the 
necessary arrai^gements with the conservator of thB Smithsonian 
Aiaatomical collection for the proposed exchange of the objects 
illustrative of the manners and customs of the Indians of North 
America and of Indian archaeology in the possession of the Army 
Medical Musevim for the specimens illustrative of human anatomy m 
the Smithsonian collection " 



_ -54- 

Ae the result of the negotiations, very many specimfena from 
thla time vrere exchanged "between the Smithdonian Institution and 
the Army Medical Museum, and also betweerl the Miseiim and the De- 
partment of Agriculture. For instande, in June, 1B70, a lot of 
insects were sent to the l)epartment of Agriculture; in July, 1876j 
an herharivan containing some 300 spefiimdnsi Most of these were 
received from Army officers who -setht them to the Museum. The number 
of specimens sent to the Smithsonian walo^'ery large; it is inqjoasible 
to learn the number without a very tedious rese&rch, but it went 
into the thousands. 

On January 22, Prof. S. F. Eaird, of the Smithsonian, offered 
to transfer to the Army Medical Museum the monatrosities and emhryoa 
in the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Woodward replied stating that 
he would be glad to have the monstrosities but did not care for the 
embryos. (Afterwards the Maseum sought to get embryos. ) 

On Febr\iary 1, Dr. Otis was authorized to buy bedside trays 
from the Medical Purveyor to use ;for carryit^ specimens, in the 
Museixa. 

On February 12, Dr. Otic stated that Prof. George A. Matile 
had been instructed by the French Minister to get permission to make 
plaster casts of Indian crania in the Maseum. 

On Febmary 18 and 20, each evening, Dr, Woodward gave an ex- 
hibition of transparencies, at the Museum, 

On March 8, the first instalment of crania from the Smithsonian 
under the agreement was received. 



_ -55- 

Qn April 16, there was a reception at the Muaeum to the 
National Acad.emy of Sciences. Dr. Woodwaird showed transparencies 
of photomicrographs. 

On i^ril 34, a series of photographs and plaster casts were 
presented to the Kew York Hospital. 

On May 17, a letter frc»n General Crane, Asst. Surgeon General, 
to Dr. Otis, approved the sending of "anything" that could he spared 
and deemed best to Russia. "It is desirable to foster the fraternal 
relations which now exist between the subjects of the Tsar and 
ourselves. " (This remark had reference 'to the Russian Government 
sending its fleet t© the tJnited States during the Civil War). 

On June 18, Dr. Curtis went to Des Moines, Iowa, to photo- 
grapjj the eclipse of the sun. (The results of the expedition were 
published in "Appendix II, Reports on Observations on the Total 
Eclipse of the Sun, August 7, 1869. Conducted under the direction 
of Commodore B. F. Sanis, U.S.N,, Superintendent of the U.S. Naval 
Observatory, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1869"). 

On July 3, the Acting Commissioner of Agriculture stated that 
thereafter all the curios received by that Department but which 
pertained to the Army Medical Museum would be promptly sent to 
the Museum with the view of carrying out an interchange of specimens. 

On August 12, Dr. Otis submitted to the Surgeon General a tab- 
ular statement of measurements of 697 crania in the lAiseum. He 
had had photographs made of the more remarkable crania according 
to the directions of the British Anthropologioal Society. 



-56- 
_Dn October 11, a pathological cabinet collected chiefly by 
the labors of Profesfeors Miller, Stone and. Lincoln, of the National 
Medical College, WasKington, B.C., was obtained in exchange for 
a series of pictiires and models evdtable for class demonstration, 
which had been prepared trtien the establishment of an Army Medical 
School was contemplated. 

The following publications by Dr. Woodward during the year 
were based on work done at the Musexan: 

"On the permanent preservation of histological preparations 
as practiced at the Army Medical Museum, Washington, D.C," Am. 
Jour. Med. Sc. Phi la. , 1869, LVII, 277. 

"Heliostat for photomicrography"; Month. Mioroc. Jour., 
London, 1869, I, 29. 

"Abstract of Lecture on photomicrography applied to class 
demonstrations"; Dental Cosmos, Phila. , 1869, XI, 397. 

"Further remarks on the new 19 test band plate of Nobert and 
on imrae#sion lenses"; Month. Microc. Jour., London, 1869, II, 289, 
and ill, 107, pp. 50 and 103. 

"Additional remarks on the 19 test band plate of Nobert"; 
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, New Haven, 1869, XLVIII. 

Report, January 2, by Dr. Otis on "Excisions of the head 
of the femur for gunshot injury." Published as Circular No. 2, 
Surgeon General's Office- 

By Dr. Curtis: "Report on the Diseases of Cattle in the 
United States." 8 vo. Washington. 

April 13 to 17, 1870, the National Acadany of Sciences met 

at the U.S. National Museum. During the session Dr. Otis read the 

two following papers based on his observations at the Maseum: 

CRANIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 

Although few of those members of the Academy whose studies 
are directed to anatomical science are present, I would ask permis- 
sion to occupy a few minutes in speaking of craniology, and par- 
ticularly of the measurement and modes of delineating human skulls. 

During the past two years over nine hundred human crania 
have been collected at the Army Medical Museum. Three hundred and 
seventy-six were acquired from the Smithsonian Institution, in ex- 
change for objects of ethnological interest contributed by medical 
officers to the Army Medical Musevni; others by the purchase of the 
surgical collection of the late Professor William Gibson and at 



-56*- 

auction sales in Europe; others by e:q?loration of tvniuli in the 
Mississippi valley and in Dakota by General Swift, Medical Di- 
rector of Vicksburg, and by Acting Assistant Surgeon Comfort at 
Port Wadaworth, and the remainder from medical officers of the 
army stationed at th^ West. 

Seven hxmdred and thirty-four of these crania have been 
measured. After considering the methods proposed by Tieoann, Sir 
William Hamilton, Pi^>fessor Treadwell, the late Samuel George Mor- 
ton, Doctor J. Barnard Davis, Mr. J. S. Phillips, Welcker, Doctor 
J. Altken Meigs* and Professor Jeffries Wyman, I determined to 
adopt the mode of measvirement proposed by the latter anatomist, 
in his coanuaication to the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 
IX, ^ril 15, 1868, giving the weight in granmes, the capacity in 
cubic centimeters, the length in millimeters, the indices of the 
length, breadth, and height, and of the foramen magnun in one- 
thousandths of the long diameter. The weight has been ascerteiined 
by a balance of Becker, of Antwei-p, the lower jaw being detached; 
ttie internal capacity by number eight shot; the diameter by Davis 
& Thompson's callipers, as made by Charriere. The facial angle, 
by a modification of Busk*s goniometer, made by an in^ralid at the 
Soldiers' Home; the circunference and other measurements by a steel 
tape measure, of Tiemann*B make. 

The general conclusions deduced xipon these measurements are 
that the position of the foramen magnum is a more iinportant race 
characteristic than the facial angle. That the variations in the 
dimensions of crania of individuals of the same race and sex were 
80 great that any generalizations of value coiild only be looked for 
in averages obtained by the examination of a large nomber of skulls, 
and that the examination of a large series of specimens is necessary 
to determine what osteological peculiarities have real anthropologtcal 
significance. That, judging from the capacity of the cranitan, the 
American Indians must be assigned a lower position in the human scale 
than has been believed heretofore. That the so-called prehistoric 
skulls from California and Illinois, by their pithecoid character, 
suggest views favorable to the doctrine of progressive advancement 
of the human race in brain development; that there is a marked dif- 
ference between the crania found in the Northwestern and New Englawl 
tumuli and those exhixned in Arkansas, Louisiana, and other Southern 
States and Territories. The former resemble the cfania of the Es- 
quimaux, of the Lapps, and other hyperborean races; the latter, those 
of the ancient inhabitants of Mexico and Peru in some instances, and 
in others of the Anerican Indians now existing. The distinctive pe- 
culiarities of the skulls exhumed fr«n the Northern mounds is corrob- 
orated by the appearances of the long bones- 1 have been able to 
reconstruct three skeletons of these Northern mouni builders and to 
meastire the femurs and shinbones of some forty-one others. The 
shortness of the lower extremities, the incurvation forward, atid 
lateral coiapression of the tibia, indicate that these r«aains belong 
to a people resembling the exietii^ Esqulmavuc. 

I may remark, in passing, that in almost all cages there 
were traces of periostitis of the tibia, and that the rude bone awls 
and stone ixaplements found in the crypts, together with their re- 



-56^- 

mains, indicated that they were clad in skins and that their Ibwer 
limbs -were expoaed to the inclemencies of the weather. 

For the delineation of skulls I have employed both photog- 
raphy ani the instrument invented by Doctor Lucae to carry out the 
method hinted at by Albinue and by D 'Alton. For purposes of measure- 
ment the former method is very faulty, since the image may be dis- 
torted either by the position of the objects or of the camera; but 
with Dr. Lucae 's instrianents, de8crit;ed in 1861 in his "Morpho- 
logie der Eassenschaedel, " and adopted by the Anthropological Con- 
gress held in Gottingen in that year, and by Von Baer, Vrolich, and 
the venerable Rudolph Wagner, outlines of the skull may be made, 
an orthographic projection from which two or three copies on bibu- 
lous paper can be taken, ani measurements secured almost as accurate 
as from the specimen itself, and far preferable to those made by 
perspective drawing. 

ON ARTIFICIAL DEFORMATIONS OF SKULLS. 

The principal forms of distorting the crani\an by artific- 
ially conqpressing the head during infancy, while the bones of the 
skull are still pliable - either by flattening the froptal region, 
as practiced by the IndiaJis of Oregon, or by making the occipital 
region a nearly vertical plane, after the fashion of the ancient 
Peruvians and Mexicans, or, by elongating the skull, a custom here- 
tofore supposed to be pecTiliar to the natives of the north part 
cf Vancouver's Island, are familiar to ethnologists, as well as. 
the methods by which these deformations were produced, and I will 
not trespass upon the time of the Academy by rehearsing facts 
already recorded. 

I desire only to state briefly, that since the acquisition 
of Alaska it has been discovered that the practice of elongating 
the skull by compressing it during infancy by a circular bandage 
is coOTDon on many of the Aleutian Islands, and that, as Curator 
of the Army Medical Museum, I have received from this source six 
specimens of this variety of cranial distortion. Purthermore, that 
I have been informed by a correspondent in the Sandwich Islands, 
that whale-skips returning from the Okhotsk Sea, have brought to 
Honolulu a number of such distorted crania. Specimens of this form 
of artificial distortion of the skull, are so rare that I present 
a few for the examination of members of the Academy. 

In his work on the cranium, Mr. Hilton of Guy's Hospital, 
London, has, from the examination of two crania in the collection 
of the Miseum of that hospital, expressed the opinion that the sup- 
pression of the frontal sinuses observed in the flat heads of Oregon 
must be attended by a diminution of the acuteness of the sense of ". 
smell. From an examination of thirty-six crania of Chinooks and 
other flatheads, I am convinced that this opinion is erroneous, 
since in every instance in which the development of the frontal 
sinuses has been prevented by artificial compression, the maxillary 
8ina8es,over which the Schnelderian membrane extends also, have a 
greater and compensating development. 

I am assured also, by many officers who have been stationed in 
Oregon, that the flatheads suffer no impairment of any of the special 
senses in consequence of the distortion of their skulls, and parti c- 
ularly that there are many evidences that their sense of smell le acute, 



-57- 



among others the custom of the yo\ing women of using aromatic herbs as 
a substitute for perftmes. The practice of flattening the frontal 
region fs sometimes fatal, as demonstrated by specimen No. 116, Section 
I, Army Medical Museum, a cranium of a female child of about three 
years,with periostitis and incipient cavies of the frontal airL right 
parietal. ° 

During the meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, a reception 
was held at the Army Medical Maseisa by the Surgeon General. 

On April 30, the contract of Dr. J.C.W. Kennon, Acting Asst. Sur- 
geon, Microscopist of the Museum, was annulled. 

On May 4, there was an exhibition of lantern slides at the Museum 
by Dr. Woodward. 

On May 7, a pair of overshoes that had been used by President Lincoln 
was sent to the Siirgeon General by the Chief Clerk of the War Depart- 
ment and the Surgeon General sent them to the Ifciseum. There is however 
no record of their receipt and they are not in the Maseum. 

Oh May 20, a meeting was held at the Museum in memory of Sir James 

y. Simpson of Edinburgh, eulogies were pronoTonced and appropriate 
resolutions adojpted. 

During the month of May, the Surgeon General authorized Dr. Wood- 
ward to make a series of lantern slides at his own expense, to be sold 
to persons who might desire them. 

On June 7, Dr. Curtis resigned from the Army and left the Museun. 
On June 28, in the "Gazette des hospitaux civile et militaires", 
Vol. XLIII, page 293, Dr. Berenger-Feraud of Paris, reviewing the cata- 
logues of the ihseum, p^id an eloquent tribute to the intelligence, 
energy, vigor and activity of the people of the United States. He said 
that the United States had done as much in the natter of an anatomico- 
pathological Museum in five years as had been done in Europe in a 
century. He analyzed the published catalogues. Surgical, Medical and 
Microeoopical. These catalogues contained more specimens than were in 
all the anatomico-pathological museums in Europe combined. He fpoke 
particularly of the 200 illustrations. 



-58- 

The Sui^eon General* s report for 1869-70 states that speci- 
mens had been exchanged with the Smithsonian Inatitntion, Agri- 
cult-ural Bureaaa, Miigeum of College of Physicians, Philadelphia J 
I&iseutn of New York Hospital, Feabody Masevon at Cambridge, lilass. , 
Blackmore MuLseisn, England, and Iifoseum at Oxford, England. Also 
that nearly all works on military medicine and surgery published 
in the previous five years had been partly illustrated from spec- 
imens in the Army Medical JAiseum; notably the works of Billroth 
and Pitha, Holmes* "System of Surgery", and Didiofs "Service de 
Sante dea Armee^i** 

In an article of August 11 entitled "Science schools and mus- 
eiaas in America, « by Saint George Mivart, published in Nature, London, 
page 290, is the following: 

"The Army Medical Museum contains a series of excellently 
nambered preparations of great professional interest, remarkable 
chiefly for its profuse exhibition of the effects of shot, shell 
and other in^jlements of waur on the human frame. The materials^ 
for this Museum were chiefly collected during the American civil 
war. It may well be said that the itoericans are a wonderful people. 
There are few other nations which would have been capable of uti- 
lizing the results of a protracted internecine war as to make th«n 
available in after years towards the advancement of medical science 
and alleviation of human pain. " 

On October 18, Dr. Otis was authorized to exchange with Dr. 
J.G.F. Holston of Washington, some anatomical models acquired with 
the Gibson collection, and not thought appropriate to the Museum 
collection, but useful only for class demonstration, for some valuable 
books. 

In November, Dr. Irving C, Bosse, Actg. Asst. Surgeon, was 
assigned to duty to assist Dr. Otis. 



-59- 

The preparation of bone apeoimens on a large scale, as 
had been necessary in the early years of the Masemi, lacked the 
thoroughness necessary to avoid attacks from insects, and much 
dust and debris appeared in the Jtiseum cases in spite of the free 
use of camphor. In time this annoyance ceased and the more thor- 
oTOgh and much less frequent preparation of bone specimens pre- 
cluded its recurrence. 

The following publications of this year were based more or 
less on work dose at the Museum: 

By Dr. Woodward, 1870, January 4. "Report on lifagnesium and 
Electric Lights as applied to photomicrography." With photographs. 
Published by the Surgeon General «s Office, 

Jtme 4. "Beport on oxy-calcium light as applied to photomi- 
crography. " With photographs. Published by the Surgeon General's 
Office. 

July 6. "Report on certain points connected with the histology 
of minute bloodvessels." With photographs. Published by the Sur- 
geon General* 8 Office, 

"The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion," 
Part I, Vol. 1. Medical History. Washington, Governnent Printing 
Office, 1870. 4to. 726 pp. 

"Letter to Mr. Jabez Hogg with regard to Dr. Pigott's papers 
on the markings of certain test objects particularly the Podura 
scale"; Month. Microsc. Jo"ur. , London, 1870, III, 324. 

"The definition of Nobert»s lines". Ib'd., 1870, IV, 113. 

"Report on the pathological anatomy and histology of the res- 
piratory organs in the pleuro-pneumonia of cattle .with six litho- 
graphs from photomicrographs. " 22 pp. 4to. Washington, 1870. Also 
published in "Report of Commissioner of Agriculture on Diseases of 
Cattle in the United States." Government Printing Office, Washington, 
1871. 

By Dr. Otis : "The Medical and Surgical History of the War of 
the Rebellion, 1861-65, Part I, Vol. 2, Surgical History." Washington, 
Government Printing Office, 1870. 

"Medical History of the War of the Rebellion." Pen drawings, 
Vol. I, 82 drawings, Washington, No date. Probably 1870. 

By Dr. Edward Curtis: "Medical History ©f the War of the Re- 
bellion. Water color drawii^s to illustrate fluxes and feVers." 
Washington. Ho date. Probably 1870. 



-60- 

Probably this year appeared (without date) the photographs 
of fun^, etc, made by Brevet Major Edward Qurtis, Asat. Surgeon, 
U.S.A. No letter and no report, 

32 Photogra,phs. 4to. Surgeon General's Office. 

Phctcmicrographs. 3 volimes, 4to, Surgeon General's Office. 

Photomicrographs, microscopical series. 4to. Surgeon General's 
Office. 

Ditto 74 Photos. 4to. Surgeon General's 
Office, 

By Drs. Curtis and Woodward: Photomicrographs, microscopical 
series, 54 photos. 4to. Surgeon General's Office. 

P. H. Larrey: Collection dee photographies de diirurgie du 
Musee medical de I'armee americaine, presentee a I'acadlmie imper- 
iale de medecine le 29 mars, 1870. Bull, Acad, de med. , Paris, 
1870, XXXV, 237. Also Reprint. 

On Jferch 1, 1871, Dr. Schaeffer was appointed Actg. Asat. 
Surgeon, and continaed on duty at the Museum. 

On March 14, Dr. Otis stated that up to that date 456 crania 
and 9 sJceletons had been received directly from Army Medical Officers, 
and 498 crania and 7 skeletons from other persons and institutions. 

On Iferch 27, Dr. Otis stated that in a treatise on surgery 
by von Pitha and Billroth, Vol. I, 29 illustrations were directly 
taken from specimens in the Army Medical Museum. 

The following publications for the year were based more or 
less on the work done in the Museum: 

By Dr. Woodward: February 1. "Memorandvim on the Jtaphipleura 
pellucida"; with photographs. Published by the Surgeon General's 
Office. 

February 1. "Memorandtan on the Surirella genana"'; with photo- 
graphs. Published by the Surgeon General's Office. 

February 22. "Memorandum on the test Podura"; with photo- 
graphs.^ Published by the Surgeon General's Office. 

"The Army Medical Miseum at Washington."^ Lippincott's Ifega- 
zine, March, 1871, page 233. 

June 9. "Manorandum on Pleurosigpia fonnosum"; with photo- 
graphs. Published by the Surgeon General's Office. 

June 9, "Report on an improved method of photographing his- 
tological preparations by sunlight"; with photographs. Published 
by the Surgeon General's Office. 

"On the structure of the Podura scale and certain other test 
Objects and of their representation by photo-micrography"; Month. 
Microsc. Jour., Load., 1871, V. 149. 

"Additional observations concerning the podura scale." Ibid., 



_ -61- 

"On the use of Nobert»s plate."' Ibid., 1871, VI, 26. 

"RemarkB on a case of supposed hermaphroditism"; Aner. Jour. 
Med. Sc, , Phila. , 1871, LXII, 123. 

"Note on the resolution of Jtophipleura pellucida by Telle*' 
ijanereion 1/5." Month. Microsc. Jour., Lond. , 1871, 71, 150. 

"The note accompanying three photographs of Degeeria dcmeatica 
as seen with Mr. Wenham's blackground ill\aminatlon and a power of 
1000 diameters, " Ibid. , 266. 

"Note on the angle of aperture of Tolles' inversion l/S". Ibid. 
290, 

By Dr. Otis: "Memorandum of a case of reamputation at the hip 
with remarks on the operation." Aner. Jour. Med. 3c. . Phila.. 1871. 
U2, page 141. 

Circular No. 3, Surgepn General* s Office. "Report of surgical 
cases treated in the army of the United States from 1865 to 1871." 
(Aug. 17, 1871), 

"Photographs of surgical cases and specimens taken at the Army 
Medical Museum." 6 volumes, 4to. Washington, 1866-71. And "Histories 
of 296 surgical photographs prepared at the Army Medical Maseum. 1866- 
71." ' 

On January 9, 1872, Dr. W. C. Tilden, Actg. Asst. Surgeon, was 
assigned to duty in the chemical laboratory attached to the Museum. 
On August 10, he was relieved from duty and his contract annulled. 

Dr. Woodward, in a letter of November 13, 1872, to the Editor 
of the Evening Star (Washington), said: 

"During the last few years it has been a favorite specula- 
tion in certain quarters, that epidemic diseases are produced by 
the presence in the atmosphere of vegetable germs, so mimte as to 
be visible only with the microscope. Considerable labor has been 
bestowed upon microscopical wortc in this direction, but the results 
Which have been confidently announced from time to time by enthut- 
iaste have been either contradicted or so materially modified by 
subsequent observations that the question still remains in the 
domain of mere speculation. When we consider the number and variety 
or the organic gems which can be detected in the atmosphere by thd 
nicroscope at all times, and when we remember that it is precisely 
those lower forms which have been best studied that are most abundant, 



-62- 

we shall not be surprised that pretenders have fotmd here a fit 
field for charlatanism, or that many well meaning but incautious 
persons have fallen into error. Nevertheless I certainly regard 
the microscopical forms which exist in the atmosphere and their 
possible influence on man as a proper matter for scientific ctudy, 
and by way of contributir^ my mite to the difficult subject I would 
state that within the last few days I have collected the organic 
forms from a quantity of the air of a stable in this city, in which 
were a number of sick horses, and submitted them to the highest 
power of the microscope, without finding any which are not usually 
encountered ^en no epidemic is prevailing, and have also subjected 
the mucous discharge from the nostrils of several of the horses to 
the same examination with like negative results." 

On December 11, there was a reception at the Museum to Pro- 
fessor Tyndall of England, by the Surgeon General. 

Publications in 1872 based more or less on work done in the 
Museum: 

By Dr. Woodward: "Microscopical manoranda for the use of 
practitioners of medicine." Lens, Chicago, 1872, I, 34, 93, 158, 223. 

"On the double markings of Triceratium." Ibid-, 100. 

"Note on Dr. Barnard's remarks on the examination of Nobert's 
19th band." Month. Microsc, Jour., Lend,, 1872, VII, 10. 

"Reply to Mr. Stodder, 'B', and Mr. Edwin Bicknell"; Letter 
to Editor. Ibid., 27, 

"Note on the resolution of Amphipleura pellucida by certain 
objectives made by R, and J. Beck and by Vftn. Wales." Ibid., 165. 

"On the use of monochromatic svinlight as an aid to high power 
definition". Aner. Naturalist, Salem, 1872, VI, 454. 

"Remarks on the desirability of reproducing photographs of 
scientific objects, and especially of magnified microscopical prep- 
arations in a permanent form, by some photo-mechanical method". Abstr. 
Bull. Phil. Soc. , Washington, 1871-4, I, 41. 

"The use of tophipleura pellucida as a test object for high 
powers". Mer. Naturalist, Salem, 1872, VI, 193. 

"RaDoarks on the Woodbury photo-relief process*?. Abstr. Bull. 
Phil. Soc, Washington, 1871-4, I, 57. 



— -53- 

"Hemarks on the nomenclature of achronaatic objectlVaa for 
the compoiind microscope". Amer. Jour. Sc. and Arts. New Jkven 
1873, III, 406. • 

"Reply to further remarks on Tolles" 5th and Powell & leland's 
iranersion 1/I6th", Month. Microsc. Jour., London, 1872, VlII, 158. 

"Eemarks on the resolution of the 19th band of Nobart's plate 
by certain objectives, especially by a new Tolles* l/l8". Ibid., 237. 

"In reply to Dr. Lionel S. Beale. " Lens, Chicago, 187e, 1< 208. 

"Note on the Fi*ustulia saxonica as a test of high power def- 
inition." Ibid., 2S3. 

"Report to the Surgeon General on the minute anatomy of two 
cases of cancer." 1872. 

"Letter to the Surgeon General of the Army accompanying seven 
photographs of some of the external appearances of the mosquito," 
Published by the Surgeon General^s Office. January 5, 1872. 

"Another letter in regard to parasites^; with photographs. 
Published by the Surgeon General's Office, January 10, 1872. 

"Letter to the Surgeon General of the Army accompanying seven 
photographs of the proboacides of certain flies." Published by the 
Surgeon General's Office. January 15, 1872. 

"Letter to the Surgeon General of the Army accompanying eleven 
mscellaneous photographs of insects and parts of insects. " Published 
by the Surgeon General »s Office. January 20, 1872. 

"Memorandum on the 19th band test plate of Nobert" ; with nine 
photographs. Published by the Surgeon General's Office. September 
29, 1872. 

By Dr. Lamb: "A fatal case of congenital tracheo-oesophageal 
fistula." Phila. Med. Times, 1872-3, III. 

On January 18, 1873, Dr. Otis stated that few recent works on 
military medicine, stirgery and hygiene, had omitted to refer largely 
to the rich and reliable stores of infoiroation gathered within the 
walls 6f the Museum. A professor of Bonn made the study of the ana- 
tomical collection the object of a trip across the Atlantic. 



_ -64- 

The following is the story of two bullets said to have met 
in mid air and fused together:- Dr. A, A. Woodhull, U.S.A., April 
19, 1871, wrote that he had just "stvanbled" on the true history 
of the "bullets. The fused missile was picked up by a sharpshooter 
of the Ist Mass. , attached to the 19th Mass. , and handed to a 
Captain of the 1st Minn. , at the tiae the troops were deployed 
^k bkiMishers in ffbnt of a redoubt of the Second Corps, before 
Pelterftinirg, Va. , (1864). The specimen was given by the Captain 
mentioned to Li. Col. TflMftJ lb.ce, 19th Mass., conmanding that part 
of the line. Rice in 1871, then 1st Lieut. 5th U,S« Infantry, 
stated that he had preserved the specimen, that it was never out 
of his possession, and was photographed once only, and by Black of 
Boston, and said that it was the same specimen represented by the 
photograph in the Army Medical Musevan. The bullet was never in 
possession of General Grant. 

January 21, 1873, in a letter to the Surgeon General, Eice 
stated that the fused missile was found at Petersburg in 1864 by a 
oan of his command who gave it to Bice. The specimen was shown to 
many army men and was photographed in Boston in 1864, a photograph 
identical with that at the Museum. 

January 25, 1873, General C. H. Crane made this inlorsement 
on Rice's letter: "Dr. Brinton had the bullets from which was 
taken the photograph in the Museum. They were said to have been 
picked vp on the battle-field of Belmont aai handed to General Grant 
who gave them to Brinton." Bice's letter with the indorsement was 



-65- 
sent to Dr. Otis who replied Pebrtiary 15. In the meantime Otis 
asked Brinton about the matter and Brinton (Feb. 8) replied that 
he had found the bullet and compared it with the woodcut that 
had been made at the Museum from the Museum photograph. The wood- 
cut did not represent Brinton^s specimen, Brinton did not think 
that he had ever had a photograph of his specimen made. He spoke 
of his leaving the Museum in partibus infidelium, Ife had forgotten 
the history of the bullet, but had the impression that it was not 
from Shiloh or Belmont, and was long befoi'e the Petersburg battle; 
was picked \tp on some Western field. On February 15, Brinton mailed 
the bullet to Otis, On second thought, he opined that perhaps Dr. 
William Thomson of Philadelphia had photographed the specimen. 
Brinton had no recollection of ever having shown it to Geiieral Grant. 

Dr. Otis' letter to Sice stated that he (Otis) had on his 
table at the time the bullet from which a drawing was made, and 
then a photograph in the Masetam had been made from the drawing. 
General Grant remembered the fact that he had seen the specimen. 
The Rice specimen is also mentioned by W. E. Waters, l.set. 
- Surg., U.S.A., in a letter November 22, 1872, Fort Leavenworth 

*® . f which was filed in the Division of Surgical 

Records, M*iich Division was then unddr the charge of Dr. Otis. 
In his letter Waters says that he had seen the fused bullet a pho- 
tograph of which had been shown him by General Crane "a few years 
ago," 

There is no "fused" bullet in the Museum but there is a 
^1 negative. No. 4335 of such a bullet, probably that mentioned above 



=y ITa. Crane a:^ otl». Ther, u aJso . 

"0^. i.886, from a Mr <!»,= -^ ^ ». 
•"■ere the ,hot„ . "*• Stap of »«Ungton, i^.. 

Photograph wa. nade by s. E. H,„rs It v 
-1- .f a .^.ed" huaxot ^a to h. " --= ^^"0 

"o-Per Of the isth P "" ''°^ "^ '^ ='"" 

me 15th Penna. Cav. at ff«„*. ^ . 

-i'.i"i.. 1.0 date u .W '^°'- '^'°"^^- 

■^te u given and no farther infection Th. 
»ontion of Petersburg natar^n 

«>e Ji^ buiZet. ' '""'^='^'"— »-ction«th 

on Pebr«^ 3,. ,3^_ ^^_^^^^^ ^_ 
S"Saon. ,a. assigned to duty in th r. 

^sed on"" !""" ""'°^"°"" " "'^^ '^ ^- "— . -e 
'"* on work done to the Ifaseum: 

^o-.. SdTw?3"'S, %%',*"= =^ Object-glasses.; .fcnth. morose. 

aicagof'^aSril. t^.°^ °'-- «"- --iting ,n gUss": I,ns. 

^Jacenpart «rt^ed°',. "oJi^^T'Tf ° ?f^ t'^ "*" '- »Moh 
CoUeotions. »«. ssg, 35 paios I!! !™'.^"'™»''- Smithsonian 

P=««8, 4to. 74 Bicrophotogr^hs. 
in January, 1874, the number =* ,. ,. 
--ered their r^. ^ ^.V. '" "' "'^ ■*' 

" '""" '° °'-^-'« ^« -e ».se», instr^nt, of 



-67- 
historical interest. Some were bought. This was an Initial move- 
ment In a direction that was followed vp later in regard to oph- 
thalmoscopes, stethoscopes, hypodemic syringes, microscopes, etc. 

On May 9, ethnological specimens were sent to Professor 
Jeffries Wyman, Director of the Peabody Misetan at Cambridge, Mass. 

On July 1, the contract of Dr. Edwin M. S<diaeffer, Actg. Asst. 
Surgeon, Microsoopist at Army Medical Museum, was annulled, and also, 
that of Dr. John Stearns. These officers were relieved from duty 
at the Museum. 

On August 31, Dr. Irving C. Rosse was relieved from duty at 
the liaseum. 

During July, a two story building in the alley running East 
from the ^4^seum was bought for lAiseum purposes. The first floor 
was fitted up for the use of the carpenter, and a distilling appa- 
ratus was placed in the second story for redistilling the waste 
alcohol. 

Dr. John Eric Erichsen, of London, in the auttmn of 1874 
visited the l^ited States and on his return to England gave a lec- 
ture at the University College Hospital,. London, November 9, 1874, 
in which he said (see Lancet, London, 1874, II, page 720): 

"There is one Museum which is so unique, so admirably arranged, 
and so interesting, that I imxst direct your attention to it for a 
few minutes. It is the Musetm of the Army Medical Department at 
Washington. This magnificent collection, illustrating not only 
every possible variety of gunshot and arrow injury, but also those 
diseases which are more fatal than the bullet to an jurmy in the 
field or in camp, has under the able stperintendence of Surgeon 
General Barnes, and of Drs. Otis and Woodward, been most admirably 



-68- 

arranged and catalogued. It occupies a building that has a melan- 
choly interest coimecied with it, as being the theater in which 
President Lincoln was assassinated by Sooth in 1865. The collec- 
tion itself is well known in Europe through the medium of those 
beautifully illustrated and ably collated medical histories of 
the great war of the Rebellion which have been published under the 
superintendence of the Medical Department of the United States Army- 
Many of the specimens in this Museum are quite unique. I would es- 
pecially refer to a series illustrating splintering of the inner 
table of the cranium without fracture of the external table, con- 
sequent on contusion of the skull; the splittix:g of conical biillets 
against sharp edges of bone; a collection of foreign bodies in- 
cluding arrow heads, forming the nuclei of calculi extracted from 
the bladder; and a remarkable series of specimens of injuries of 
the bones inflicted by arrow wounds in Indian warfare. To the 
physician the collection of diseases of the large eind small intes- 
tine resulting from dysentery, diarrhoea, cangj fevers, typho-malaria, 
etc. is most interesting. The preparations have been admirably put 
■up by Dr. Woodward. In this collection will be found some very in- 
teresting specimens of resection of joints and bones after gunshot 
injury. I saw one patient [John F. Reardon] in whom the head of 
the humerus and several inches of the shaft, in all seven inches 
of the bone, had been excised. He was now a porter [a messenger] 
in the Museum, had a most useful 2ind well developed forearm and hand, 
serviceable for every purpose. There was not only the preparation 
but the living example of this triumph of conservative surgery. The 
case illustrates the important fact that the Tapper end of the humerus 
may be resected below the insertion of the deltoid and yet a useful 
limb be left. I saw another case of an officer who had lost about 
four inches of the shaft of the humerus, and in whom the limb was 
equally useful. In fact American surgeons are very skilful in the 
management of resections." 

The following publications in 1874, by Dr. Woodward, were 

based on work done at the Museum: 

"On some photographs of microscopic writing. Letter to Mr." 
John E, Ingpen. " Jour. Quekett Microac. Club, Lond, , 1872-74, III, 
228. 

"Further remarks on immersion apertures". Month. Microsc. 
Jour., Lond., 1874, XI, 119. 

"Note on the microscopical slides of Dr. Otto Earth; illus- 
tration of pathological anatomy. " Letter. Med. fiecord, N.Y., 1874, 
IX, 381. 

"Pinal remarks on immersion apertures" ; accompanied by paper 
of R. Keith. Month. Microsc. Jour. , 1874. XII, 125. 



-69- 

"Note on the microscopical slides of Dr, Otto Barth; illus- 
tration of pathological anatomy, " Letter. Med. Record. N.Y,. 1874. 
IX, 381. 

"Final remarks on immersion apertures" ; accompanied by paper 
of R. Keith. Month. Microsc. Jour., 1874, XII, 125. 

"Spontaneous rupture of the aorta in individuals vrtiose aortic 
coats present but little evidence of disease." Abstract in Trans, 
Med. Soc. Dist. Colxmbia, WutfMngton, 1874, I, 54. 

On January 1, 1875, there was a fire in a frame outbuildijig 
on the South side of the Rb.seum. It extended to the Museum building. 
Dr. D, S. Iamb happened to be in the Museum building at the time, 
discovered the fire and gave the alarm. The fire was extinguished 
mainly by the Superintendent of the buildir^, Mr. Alfred Gawler, 
and the orderly on duty. There was some damage to the balcony of 
the photograph room. If the fire had gained headway, much damage 
might have been done because of the inflammable character of the 
contents of the building. 

In Februaryj there were 3738 visitors registered at the Museum. 

The following order was issued in regard to transportation of 
specimens to the Museum by Qoartermaeters: 

WAR DEPARTMEaiT, 
SURGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE, 

Washingtohi April 13, 1876» 

Circular Orders, ) 
No. 2. ) 

The following General Order from the Adjutant General's Office 
is published for the information of Medical Officers: 



_ . -70- 

General Orders) WAR DEPABTIvENT , 

) Adjutant General's Office, 

No. 49. ) Washington, April 8, 1875. 

The Quartermaster's Department is authorized to transport 
to the Medical Museiam at Washington such objects as may be turned 
over to its officars for that purpose at any military post or sta- 
tion by the officers of the Medical Department. 

By erder of the Secretary of War: 

E. D. TOWNSEND, 

Adjutant General. 

Medical Officers in turning over packages to the Qoarter- 
master's Department for transportation will take receipts in dupli- 
cate, and will forward ohe of the receipts to the Surgeon General. 
jftil packages for the Maseum should be plainly marked "Surgeon Gen- 
eral, U. S. A., Washington, D. C," with "Amy Medical Museum" in- 
scribed in the lower left hand corner. 

By Order of the Surgeon General: 

G. H. Crane, 

Assistant Surgeon General, 

U, S. Army. 

On September 9, a box of negatives that had been left at the 
Museum in 1862 was accidentally brought to light. 

Preparations were made this year for a Museum exhibit at the 
Exposition to be held at Philadelphia in 1876. 

The following publications in 1875, by Dr. Woodward, were 
based on work done at the Museum. 

September 17. "Report of the Coirmission of the National Academy 
of Sciences appointed at the request of the Honorable the Secretary 
of the Treasury to examine into the coniponent parts of certain fab- 
rics known in comnerce as calf-hair goods. " (The examination was 
made mainly by Dr. Woodward. Dr. John LeConte was also on the Com- 
mission.) Published in the Bulletin of the National Association of 
Wool Manufact\irer8» Washington, D.C, Sept, 17, 1875. The micro- 
scopic and photographic work was done at the Museum. 



-71- 

"On the similarity "between the red blood corpuscles of man 
and those of other mamroals, especially the dog, considered in con- 
nection with the diagnosis of blood stains in cr imi nal cases. " 
jtaer. Jour. Med. So. , Phila. , 1875, LXIX, 151. 

"Note on the markings of Frustulia saxonica. " Month. Microsc. 
Jour., Lond. , 1875, XIV, 274; also Bull. Phil. Soo. , Washington, 1874- 
8, II, 60. 

"Nobert's test plates." (In Khighfs Amerioan Mechanical 
Dictionary, 1875, II, 1531.) 

By Dr. Otis: "Report on a plan for transporting wounded sol- 
diers by railway in times of war." 1875, Surgeon General's Office. 

In January, 1876, at the suggestion of Prof. Baird, of the 
Smithsonian Institution, an order for je.t4 Vtes given to the Dor- 
flinger Co., White Mills, Pa. 

On March 10, Dr. Woodward stated that, vp t6 that date, the 
Musetim had not had occasion to buy aldbhol- It was still iising 
alcohol distilled from the whiskey received from the Medical Pur- 
veyor at the close of the Civil War* 

On 4pril 18, all showing the v&riety of work required of the 
medical officers on duty at the Museum, Pr. Woodward stated to 
Prof* Henry, President of the National Academy of Sciences, that 
foj? the year ending June 30, 1875, \inder Dr. Woodward*s direction, 
54 specimens had been added to the Medical Section, 537 to the 
Microscopical Section, and 118 to that of Conqjarative Anatonqr. He 
had also been engaged on the preparation of the second volxime of 
the Medical History of the War of 1851-65. He had also undertaken 
special studies in microscopy, an investigation into the distin- 
guishing characters of the fibers of wool and calf-hair, illustrated 
by a series of mi cropho to graphs; a series of investigations with 
regard to the diffraction phenomena observed in the field of the 



_ -72- 

ffllcroBcope which may give rise to erroneous views of minute 
structure; work had also been done in preparing a series of 
microphotographs of the blood of man and of those maimals whose 
corpuscles most closely approximate those of human blood in di- 
ameter. He had also to administer the Record and Pension Divi- 
sion. The amount of work in this division was shoYm by the 
fact that information in regard to claims for pensions had been 
furnished to the proper authorities during the year in 15542 
cases. It might be added that there was besides a multitude of 
questions from correspondents to be answered on a great variety 
of subjects. jDr. Woodward was also making preparations for the 
exhibit of the Medical Department of the Army at the Exposition 
of 18^6 at Philadelphia. He had charge of this exhibit, which 
Included, so far as the lAiseum was concerned, a number of micro- 
scopical and pathological specimens, models of hospitals, ambu- 
lances, litters, hospital ships, a hospital train and medicine 
wagons. Dr. H. C. Yarrow represented the Museum. 

On July 10, Dr. Woodward stated that the vegetable germ 
theory of disease was not in his opinion a theory, but only a 
hypothesis resting on most imperfect and unsatisfactory data. It 
did not satisfy his mind and the more he studied the subject the 
more he felt that consequences had been mistaken for causes. 

On August 31, Dr. Woodward stated that the Persian insect 
powder had been found to be the best thing to clear the bone spec- 
imens of the larvae of the Anthrenus muXeorum. 



-73- 
Dr* Meusel of Gotha, Germany, (Correapbl. d. allg. iirtzl. 
Vereins von Thuringen, 1876, V, 81-96), in an analysis of the 
catalogue of the Masevan, said: 

"The riches contained in the catalogue are truly imposing. 
The Museum, in view of its aim and origin, is very rich in those 
i^pters which are of specific interest to the military physician. 
The art and manner with which the material was collected gives us 
a high opinion of our colleagues, who in the midst of the bustle 
of war, have brought it together scientifically. It gives us also 
a high opinion of the organization of the care of the Anerican Army, 
if we recall how many conditions must be fulfilled, in order to 
give enough time and physicians, to prepare after a battle so many 
careful specimens, as, e.g., the big list of mortal wounds. They 
lost no time in preparing specimens of interest and instruction 
to the observer. The abstracts of case histories are brief and 
clear, the numerous illustrations excellent, and the aim to give 
con^lete information concerning the course of the disease and the 
result of an operation, deserves the greatest recognition. The 
value of many spjrgical procedures will become established after 
years. The classification is distinct and the description of 
individual specimens is the work of endless endeavor and of rich 
kxiiowledge and experience. 

"Bat besides the rich contents of the catalogue and its ex- 
cellent preparation, the circumstance concerning it that is most 
startling la namely, that we see"~for~the~ftnrt""tlm e, in e ffect, 
a printed catalogue of a Museum. Through the fact that everybody 
is able' to provide himself with a printed catalogue and that he 
may orient himself at home as to what he wishes to study, the 
Museum becomes a common possession of all physicians, and ceases 
to be the private treasure of some academician, difficult of access. ** 

"Philadelphia Exposition. Sichibit of Medical I>ep€U>tment of 
th« ilnay. AoMag the pamphlets Issued in oonneetion with this ex- 
hibit were the following that related to the medical side of the 
Maseum: 

No. 2. Description of models of hospital cars; No. 3. 
Seaerlptlon of models of hospitals; No. 4. Description of models 
of hospital ateam vessels; No. 9. List of selected microscopical 
preparations from the Musexsn; No. 10. Description of the selected 
specimens from the Medical Section of the Museum. Also the fol- 
lowing reproductions of photographs by Dr. Woodward: 

Photomicrographs of Frustula saxonloa, Navlcula rhomboldes, 
body soales of the mosquito and gnat. 



-74- 

Miscellaneous photomicrographs, diatoms, etc. 

Photomicrographs, Fibres of wool, calf hair, etc. 

Photomicrographs of Pleurosigma angulatim and formosian, Suri- 
rolla gemma, and Podura scales. 

Photomicrographs by Prof. J. W. Draper, New York, 1851-3. 

Photomicrographs; Blood corpuscles of man, dog, etc. 

Photomicrographs; Histology of minute bloodvessels and other 
histological photomicrographs. 

Photomicrographs; Mosquito, parasites, proboscides, etc. 

Photomicrographs of Nobert's 10th band plate, Webb^s test, 
Nobett's wave plate, Amphipleura pellucida, etc. 

Photomicrographs; Magnesiim, Electric, Calcium lights and 
Sunlight, 

Photomicrographs; Cancer. 

Photographs illustrating rare books in the National Medical 
Library; two volumes. 

The following publications in 1876 were based mora or less on 
work done at the Museum: 

By Dr. Woodward: "Histology" ; Article, 37 columns, 33 wood- 
cuts. Johnson's New Universal Cyclopedia, 1876, II, 931-949, 

"On the markings of the body aoale of the English gnat and 
the Jimerican mosquito-." Month. Microsc. Jour., Lend., 1876, XV,253. 

"Mr. Brown's paper en Nobert's lines." Ibid., XVI, 101. 

"The application of photography to micrometry with special 
reference to the micrometry of blood in criminal cases." Trans. 
Amer. Med. Assoc, 1876, XXVII, 303. iaso Phila. Med. Times, 1875-6, 
VI, 457. Also, Reprint. 

"Typho-malarial feVer. Is it a special type of fever." Trans. 
Intemat. Med. Cong. , Phila. , 1876, 305. 

"The Medical Staff of the United States Army and its scientific 
work." Ibid., 286. 

April 5. "Note on the markings of Navicula rhomboides. With 
photographs by Dr. Woodward. " Month. Microsc. Joxir. , Lend. , 1876, 
XV, 209. 

Photographs prepared at the Army Medical MuseTaa for the Inter- 
national Exhibition of 1876, 4to. Washington, 1876. 

By W. Thomson and W. P. Norris: Photomicrographs. Washington, 
1876. 

By Dr. Otis: "Description of the United States Army Medicine 
transport cart. Model of 1876." Prepared in conjunction with Brevet 
Lt. Col. D, L. Hontington, Asst. Surg., U.S.A. International Echi- 
bition of 1876. 

"Checklist of Preparations and Objects in the Section of Human 
Anatomy of the United States Army Medical Museum." By George A? Otis, 
Assistant Surgeon, U.S. Army, Curatof of the Army Medical Museum, 
Washington, D.C, 1876. 8 vo. pp. 135. 



— -75- 

Dr. Otla in the check list says: 



of the inmedlate i^r^emot;'^^!.? ^^*^^'^''^*" °^ illustrations 
the operations inSdentt^ t °f ^"J^^^^^ ^^ ^^r weapons and 

exeinplifyxi^ the Bathol Jv T '"'',^^««' ^^^^ the medical specimens 
durSg the^r bSt S f ^^ «ii«eages. accumulated rapidly 

or oJ^speci^n^ nLtrat.T' i^ ^'^^ ''""" '^''^ °^ amtomical objects 
cine l^r^lt ^-^-^^strating subjects collateral to military medi- 

in?r;JroppT:wrrf''*T-.^'''°^^^ ^' '^^'^ postrwhrhad 
ial oHhe Ss^^X e,rL:t°irsWeJ'i'%.''^ Pathological mater- 
members of th« rr.lr.l I ^^'"^^^l^y. snared in the general desire of 
of iMia^ cr^if^? *° ^''°''°*^ ^^^ ^^^*-'^^^' forwarded donations 

and the Kreatar naft «*■ *.v ^^J^ iniiseuiii. JJotanical specimens 

olvjdins fri\ert!Sl\,! , fv°°""'"""°"= ^" "^""^ history, in- 

catalogue is given in the ?ir«J ^/Lf^ """^ Anatomy, of which a 

ferr«H f-^ v addition to the anatomical objects above re- 

in [ts vI;iL"™^'" ""' f^^^^^te. preparations of the Wn Seleton 
iSsclLrb 'oSvestin "LrZfTJ^l tf °' <i-onstrations oT the 

special %enL were '|;rShIi:d'in'^rLfo; Ti'""^ ^^ °"S^"« °^ 
ining boards or «f XJl^J ^ ? ^ ^°' *^® convenience of exam- 

a nuSber^ sSilfr S«n?^'* ^"^ ^°'' °*^^' purposes of reference, and 
v^rds tJe fc^SeiUon'^o?1?e^Tr' ^''T''^ ** *^^ ^«^- Soon'afte^- 
arations, nSSal or artificial IL't^"^' f^^^ °^ anatomical prep- 
E. Swift Dr. A I C^Ji;i i' f? *^^ exploration of tumuli by Surg, 
of skeleton! aM crJ^ It^ ''*^"." ^'"^^'^^ augmented the collectif; 
in a disti^^t^ctlo^of the ZLZ\t^i'^f *° «^°^P ^^^ ^^^««« °^j«<=ts 
eluding two aeries 1!%.!? *• *° ^® designated section IV, in- 

topogr"fph1'Lr:^:;.rtJ:^:Ji2 r:t^Sot?i^ " deacnptive-aM 

Of the1:be Lol- "plr" i'^VoS^fll"^? '^^^°^^ «^^^°'^ °^ ^>^^ ^- 
Government Printing Office' lllT i^/"^^"^' History." Washington, 
BvDr „ ""«-^^"'=3' 1876. 1044 pp, , 35 plates, 747 figures. 

crania in tie seciionorc^^"'''??' 'f^'""'' "^"^ °^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ 
Muse^. Washing%\°n."S.?f«'°S?6^\^;: "S'^I '' ''' ""''' "^^ ^'°^ 
III, 59f ^''' ^''•' "^"""^^^ tuberculosis." Trans. Med. Soc. D.C., 1876, 



"Case of cancer of abdominal viscera." Ibid., 1877, 

IV, 'as. 



-76- 
_Dr. Woodward in his preface to the "List of skeletons and 
crania in the section of fiomparatire Anatomy of the U.S.A. Med- 
ical Mase^, for use during the International Echibition of 1876, 
in connection with the representation of the Medical Department. 
U.S. Army"-, says; 

Con^o."!?® ^i^\°^ *^® skeletons and crania in the section of 

fj .u^^ • °* ^^'^°^ and is intended for distribution dur- 
t2e«t\ r''""'^' Exhibition among naturalists ^d others Z 
terested in comparative anatomy, for the purpose of showiL^e 
deficiencies of our collection, and scliciti^ contribuU^s. 
Mi,--. uf ^°-^^ection constitutes one section of the Army Medical 
^seumwhich^at present is divided into six sections, iTfoUo::: 
a,r.-.. , c^f^ f ^^^^' S^geon G. A. Otis. U.S.A., Curator. 
SeSi^ii ^°"* ^^^ specimens; Anatomical section 1254 Sc 
ioena; Miscellaneous section, 240 specimens, 

8«rt4 J^^oSo""^^ °f ^"*' S^e^o" J- J- Woodward, U.S.A., Medical 
lom^r^U^^ specimens; Microscopical section, 7275 specimens; 
Comparative Anatomy section, 1522 specimens. i' ns, 

•«o=. r ^*®y,*^i<^l ^seum was created primarily for the pur- 
pose of preserving specimens illustrative of the wounds and dis- 
eases which produce death and disability during war. with the view 

Jflitn^ ii^r??"^ *^' ^*^^ °^ "^^^^^^^ ^' diminishing mor! 
stie VS-^^^^*^^^ suffering among soldiers. It is now the de- 
lllL ^ Uf'^^^'''' ^^'"^ *^^* s° =fa^ as t^e means placed at his 
ISl^ T^"i ^^™^i' *^" collection shall be extended so as to 
embrace all forms of injuries and diseases, so that eventutuy it 
trill ^2°^ f ^^""^'t^ pathological Museum, accessible for stJdy 
ILTT °*^\*^ «^®« *l^o are prosecuting original inquiries. Of the 
S^ 'Ir^o^'l'L?'' TJ; ^ «>J^««*i°« it i« ^ecessar; h;re to 
SueitJonV^M v?!.^**" '^^'^ ^^^ ^°P^« ^^« P''**^*! ^hat any large 
port of S^!5r^iJ ?^ °J? ^! *^5:^*^' ^°®P* '^t^ *^« aid^ svLp! 
mel^ for^JS c;iwf;Ji"^L'f ««^r"'« ^^^ ftu^ishes the 
PosM o? *^fh:i . , ^ studies, subordinate to the genaral pur- 
neoWon w?tr™ i^^i^ti °^^^' ^^"°« «^=^ cabinets are found in con- 
^ is S!\! ** °^ *^* f"** pathological collections of Europer 
one has been commenced at the Army Medical Museum. * 

hitherto i^/??'?ri''!^^ ^""^ ^^^ "^^""^ °^ *h« *^«eum have been 
w^ on Jh! Ln^\*f to pennit the e:q?enditure of any considerable 
^te? S tSH ^i""*? of comparative anatomy. The specimens enum- 

SSiSl^ !j!^^*^i?« ^^'* ^^" ^^"^ *^« ""^^t P^"* collected by 
Pm^ S ^ *" officers of the Army on duty at frontier posts. 
frL «n«h^''"!; ^ in«^ea«e of the collection can only be expe;ted 
from such donatione, which will thankfully be received from Arm^ 



-77- 



officers or others or from exchanges of duplicate specimens, 
which, however, as yet are only possible to a very limited ex- 
tent. 

"Specimens presented need not be thoroiighly cleaned and 
motmted. This laborious work is done in the Museum by Dr. F. 
Schafhirt, by whom the greater part of the specimens enumerated 
in the following list were prepared. It will be sufficient in 
the case of large skeletons or crania if the flesh is roughly 
dissected from bone, and the viscera, brain, etc. , removed. Tfee 
preparation thus prepared can be packed in a mixture of sawdust 
and salt or simply dried for transportation. Small animals are 
best preserved in alcohol, in which case an incision should be 
made along the middle line of the abdomen to give the alcohol 
access to the viscera. " 

On April 10, 1877, Dr, B. F. Craig, the chemist, died. 

In May, Dr. Otis had a stroke of paralysis. 

In June 30, Congress had failed to pass the Army Appropriation 
bill, that is to say, President Hayes had vetoed it and Congress 
failed to pass it over the veto. As a consequence, the medical 
officers at the lAiseum had to make some arrangements to tide them 
over until the next session of Congress. 

The following publications, 1877, were based more or lessen 
work done in the Museian: 

By Dr. Woodward: "Dysentery and bacteria." Address before 
Alvanni of University of Pennsylvania, March 10, 1877. Printed 
by Collins, Philadelphia, 1878. 

"A simple device for the illumination of balsam mounted 
objects for examination with certain immersion objectives whose 
balsam angle is 90 degrees or upwards," Abstr. Bull. Phil. Soc. 
Washington, 1874-8, II, 126. 

"Brief rejoiixier to some recent articles by Dr. Roberts 
Bartholow. " Cincin. Med. News, 1877, VI, 743. 

By Dr. Otis; ^'Report on the transport of sick and wounded 
by pack animals." Published as Circular No. 9, Surgeon General's 
Office, 1877. 

"Contributions fr6m the Army Medical Museum." Boston Med. & 
Surg. Jour., 1877, XCVI, 361. 

On May 15, 1878, Dr. Otis stated that Dr. Fred Schafhirt of 
the lAiseum had been in the service of Blumenbach in Europe and 



-78- 
Samviel George Ilorton in Philadelphia as a preparer of specimenn- 

On USay 25, a (Jeneral Order, No. 339, MJutant General •» 
Office, was issued, providing that all Army Officers could herfe 
Bpecimena for the Iilaseum transported by the Quartermaster's Do- 
par tment. 

On October 28, specimens of so-called Rocky Mountain fever 
received at the Museum from Dr. John V. R. Hoff, U.S.A., Fort 
Fetterman, Wyomii^g Territory, showed the lesions of typhoid fever. 

The following publications (l878) were based on Museum 
v/ork: 

By Dr. Woodward: "Further remarks on a simple device for 
the illumination of balsam-mounted objects for examination with 
Inmersion objectives, whose balsam ajigle is 90 degrees or upwards." 
Jour. Roy. Microsc, Soc. , Lordon, 1878, I, 246. 

"On the apertometer of Prof. E. Abbe of Jena." Abstr. Bull. 
Phil. Soc, Washington, 1878, III, 18. 

"On a standard for micrometry. " Abstract, Ibid. , 22. 

"On the oil iranersion objectives of Zeiss, and on convenient 
methods of oblique illumination for these and similar objectives J*" 
Ibid. , 25. 

"Sur la lumiere electrique et la lumi^re au magnesium appli- 
ques a la photo-miorographie. " Bull. Soc. beige, de mlcr. , 1878, 
LXI. 

By Dr. Otis^ "Notes on contributions to the Army Medical 
Museum by civil practitioners." Boston Med. & Surg, ffioup. , 1878, 
XCVIII, 163. 

On March 8, 1879, Dr. Otis, in a letter to Dr. W. W, Keen, 
Philadelphia, stated that the negatives of the photographs taken 
by Brady, of landscapes, battle scenes, portraits of notables, etc. , 
and bought by the U. S. Govenment^ were stored in the cellar of 
the Adjutant General's Office. William Bell, of the Jiaaeum pho- 
tograph gallery, went with Dr, E. E, Bontecou over many battle 
fields of Virginia in 1865, and took photographs. Bfr. Barnard, 



-79- 
who boToght the negatives of Brady for the War Department, said 
that they were catalogued for reference, euid were in charge of 
Capt. R. N. Scott who was supervising the compilation of tke 
Rebellion Records. (These Brady negatives were afterwards used 
in the publication of the "Photographic History of the War"< 
published by the Review of Reviews, New York City, in 10 voluinee). 

On April 16, the question of acquiring the Brady negatives 
for the liieeum was considered. Dr. Woodward did not think them 
desirable. 

On lifey 20, a specimen was received at the l^seum from the 
famous case of ligation of innominate artery, coianon carotid, 
vertebral and internal mammary, for aneurysm of the subclavian 
artery, by Dr. A. TJ. Smyth of New Orleans, in 1864, The man lived 
afterwards eleven years, dying in 1875. Dr. Edlmond Souchon, of 
New Orleans, made the post mortem examination. Prof. T. G. Richard- 
son of the University of Louisiana contributed the specimen. 

The following publications in 1879 were based more or less 
on Museum work: 

3y Dr. Voodward: "The oblique illuminator, an apparatus for 
obtaining oblique illumination at definite angles, " Am. Quart. 
Microso. Jour., 1879, N.Y,, I, 268. 

"Description of a new apertometer. " Ibid., 272. 

"Observations suggested by the study of Jimphipleura pellu- 
oida mounted in Canada balsam, by lamplight and sunlight, with 
various objectives." Jour. Roy. Microsc. Soc. , Lend., 1879, H, 
563. 

"Note on Abbe's experiment on Pleurosigma angulatum. " Ibid., 
675. 

"The Medical and Surgical Histor'y of the War of the Rebel- 
lion, Part II, Vol. 1. Medical History, being the second medical 
volume." Washington, Government Printing Office, 869 pp. 4to. 
1879. 41 plates, 4 photo-relief cuts, 2 facsimilea . 



__ -80- 

In IJay, 1880, Dr. Wocxiward was not in good health ajid oo 
lis^ 20 left for Europe. 

The following appeared in the Report of the Surgeon General 
for 1879-80: 

"I would respectfully invite attention to the overcrowding 
and unsafe coixiition of the building Nos, 509-11 Tenth Street, 
N.W., now occupied hy the Record and Pension Division, the Divi- 
sion of Surgical Records and the Library of this office, as well 
as by the Army Medical lAaseum. By the continued growth of these 
val^3able collections the space available for their preservation 
ias become quite inadequate, not merely for their proper display, 
but even for satisfactory storage. In the building now occvqpied 
these collections are continually exposed to the danger of de- 
struction by fire. This building is surrourkded by inflammable 
houses and sheds on private property, over which the officer in 
charge can of course exercise no control whatever, and which are 
in immediate contact with its North and South wings. These wings are 
not fireproof and although the main building is provided with three 
firerproof floors its roof is not fireproof. 

"The sad experience of the Smithsonian Institution in 1865 
and of the Patent Office in 1877 has danonstrated that the perils 
to which collections preserved in siich a building are exposed in 
case of fire, are not materially diminished by the fireproof floors 
beneath; but in both cases referred to, the extent of the damage 
was limited to the upper story by the substantial claracter of the 
walls and floors. The walls of the Tenth Street building are not 
only weak but much out of plumb, so that it is to be feared that 
des-truction by fire of the roof would not only involve the whole 
"Museum collection in the third story, but by 12i8 fall of at least 
a portion of the walls the destruction of the contents of the lower 
stories, including the library and the records, would result. The 
most probable source of danger is from accidental fire in the ad- 
joining private property. Such a fire actxaally occurred in January., 
1875, but was fortunately subdued by the exertions of t"he employees 
of our building before damage was done. 

"I therefore earnestly recomnend an appiropriation for a new 
fireproof building adequate to the present needs, and. reasonable 
futxure expansion of all the collections now stored in the unsafe 
building on Tenth Street. Such a building should be absolutely 
fireproof, but no expenditure for architectural display is requixed. 
I find on Inquiry that a suitable ^tructiare can be erected .at a cost 
not to exceed two hundred ani fifty iiiousarxi dollars-* 

On October 18, 1880, Dr. Ited Schafhlrt^ the anatomist, died. 



-81- 

The following publications in 1880 were more or less based 

on work dons at the Museum i 

2y Dr. Woodward: "Memorandum on the amplifiers of Zeiss." 
Amer. Ifonth. Microsc. Jour., N.Y., 1880, I, 5. 

•T^he size of the blood corpuscle," Med. Becord, N,Y», 1880, 
XVII, 131. 

"EOTarks on the pathological histology of yellow fever." 
Srgjplement No. 4 to National Board of Health Bull., Washington, 
1880, 

"Riddell's binocular microscopes," A historical notice. 
(Abstract) Jimer. Month. Microsc. Jour., N,Y., 1880, I, 221. 

By Dr. Otis: June 1. "List of the specimens in the Anatom- 
ical Section of the United States Army Medical Museum, by George 
A. Otis, Surgeon, U.S.A., Curator of the Army Medical Museijm. " 
Washington, D.C, 1880. 4to. pp. 194. (This was the second edi- 
tion; the first in 1876). 

This edition contained additional specimens and also a state- 
ment from the Surgeon General dated January 18, 1873, in which he 
said: 

"The medical officers in the army have collected a much larger 
series of American skulls than have ever before been available for 
study. The collection embraces many ancient crania from caves and 
tumuli, from Greenland and Alaska to Florida and Arizona, and spec- 
imens from the majority of the existing tribes of Indians, ar.d of 
the extinct tribes of the historic period. The skulls have been 
carefully measured and drawings made of them. The French Govern- 
ment through its legation here (Washington) after making repeated 
application for the tables of cranial measurements, employed an 
artist to make casts and take photographs of a series of typical 
skulls, and a professor from Bonn made the study of the collection 
the object of a trip eicross the Atlantic," 

On January 1, 1881, Dr. Woodward broke his leg; his horse 
slipped and fell on the Doctor, During convalescence an inter- 
current pleurisy set in. 

On February 23, Dr. Otis died. An obituary notice was written 
by Dr. Woodward aM published in Am. Jour. Med. Sc. , 1881, LXXXII, 
page 278; also in Trans. An. Med. Assoc, Phi la. , 1881, XXXII, 



. •B2- 

pp. 529-34; also an obituary, Surgeon General's Office, 1881. 

On March 21, Dr. D. L, Huntington, U.S.A., was acting as 

Curator in place of Otis. He was officially appointed Curator 

October 1, 1881. 

On June 3, Dr. R. W. Shufeldt, Asat, Surg., U.S.A., was 

assigned to duty at the iMuseum in connection with the section of 

Coiaparative Anatomy. 

On July 2, PresidentGarfield was shot and died September 19. 
I>ui'ing his illiiess, Surgeon General J. K. Barnes and also Dr. Wood- 
ward, were called, in attendance axid both, especially Woodward, gave 
much time to the attendance. After Garfield's death, examination 
was made by Dr. D. S. Lamb, practically under direction of Dr. 
Woodward, Surgeon General Barnes and others being present. Two 
specimens were obtained; the fract'ored vertebrae. No. 10800, and 
the aneurism of splenic artery, No. 10801. (See the "Official 
record of the post mortem examination of President James A. Gar- 
field, signed by Drs. D. IV. Bliss, J. K, Barnes, J. J. Wood-jward, 
Robert Eeybum and D. S. Lamb." Am. Jour. Med. Sc, 1881, LXXXII, 
583-590. Also Reprint. ) 

Publication by Dr. Woodward, based on Museum work: 
"Pseudo-polypi of the colon; an anomalous, result of folli- 
cular \ilceration. " Ibid., 1881, LXXXI, 142-155. 

On January 6, 1882, the Secretary of War, Robert T. Lincoln, 

recomnended to the President, and on January 19, President Arthur 

recommended to Congress a new building for the Husevan. The matter 

was referred to the House Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 



-83- 
Cm February 11, Dr. Woodward, being in ppor health, left 
New York for a v&cation abroad. Ho never rcturneci to the Museum. 

On March i^j Dr. Shufeldt made a report on te& condition 
of the Section of Comparative Anatomy. He criticized the prepa- 
ration work that had been done at the Muse-um and recommanded that 
many of the specimens be sold or exchanged as they were "little 
better than garbage. " 

On May 1, Dr. Shufeldt was relieved from duty at the Museum. 
On June 30, Charles J. Guiteau, the assassin of President 
Garfield, was executed. Dr. Lamb, assisted by Drs. J. F. Hartigan 
and 2. T. Sowers, and by Dr. J. C': McConnell and Xrnest Schafhirt 
of the Museum, made an autopsy and obtained a much hypertrophied 
spleen, No. 9076, Path. Series; and the skeleton, Nos. 3425 and 
3425A, Anat. Series. 

Publication by Dr. Lacib, based mainly on work done at the 
Museum: 

"Heport of the post mortem examination of the bodv of Chas. 
J. Guiteau. " Med. News, Phila, , 1883, XLJ, 13.; Also lep^int. 

On February 28, 1883, the Committee on Public Buildings and 
Grounds of the House of Representatives thro\3gh ^^^. Shallenberger 
made a favorable report on the proposed new Musetm building. (Report 
Ho. 1995) with an amended bill (H.R. 7681) which provided for three 
doorways on the South side and some minor differences in internal 
arrangements. 

April 5. Death of Surgeon General J. K. Barnes (Retired), 
An obituary notice was published by the Surgeon General's Office, 
April 28. 



-84- 
"^■une 5 to 8. A memorial was signed by Austin Flint, Presi- 
dent of the American Ifedical Association, and Drs. Samiiel D. Gross 
of Philadelphia, D. \!. Yandell of Loijisville, Kentuclqy. T. G» 
Richardson of New Orleans, and 11. F. Campbell of Augusta, Georgia, 
favoring a new building for the Museum. The memorial was adopted 
by the Aserican Medical Association. 

On August 15, a series of articles, foods, medicines, drum» 
rattle, wampum, pipes, tobacco pouch, arrows, etc. used by Jtaer- 
ican Indians, was sent from the Museum to Prof. Jeffries 'Wyman 

of the Peabody Museum at Cambridge, Mass, 

On September 12, the illness of Dr. Woodward was such that 
he was unable to reply to official correspondence. (So stated by 
Dr. Huntington in a letter, ) 

October 10, Death of Surgeon General C. H, Crane. An obit- 
uary notice was published by the Surgeon General's Office, October 
34. 

On December 5, Senator Hawley introduced a bill in the Senate 
(S 403) in regard to a new Museum building. Referred to Committee 
on Public Buildings and Grounds. In view of opposition that had 
developed to the new building, petitions and memorials were now 
being sent to congressmen by medical societies throughout the 
country. 

On December 10, a new bill (H,R,48) was introduced into the 
House by General Rosecrans; it was practically the saine as 7681 
of the previous session; referred as usual. It provided for an 
expenditure of $300,000., the plans and specifications to be 



-85- 
prap^ired by the Surgeon General, and to be approved by the Archl- 
tact vf th9 Capital Extension. 

On December 13, Secretary of War Lincoln, and on December 
17, President Arthiar renewed their recommendations for a new Museian 
building. Senate Document No. 12 contained a letter from Surgeon 
General fiobert I^Airray of December 3j and also a letter from Drs. 
S. D. Gross, Austin Flint, and 0. W. Holmes to the President of 
the American Medical Association; also a copy of resolutions. 

On December 15, Dr. Shufeldt resumed his work at the Museum 
in Comparative Anatomy. 

On December 28, the following order was issued: 

War Department, 
Surgeon General's Office, 

Washington, D.C., December 28, E883. 

Orders : 

Major D. L, Huntington, Surgeon, U.S. Army, is hereby re- 
lieved from duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum, and assigned 
as Assistant to the Surgeon General. 

The Army Medical Museum and the Library of the Surgeon Gen- 
eral's Office are consolidated into one division, to be known as the 
MUSEUM AND LIBRARY DIVISION of the Surgeon General's Office. Major 
John S, Billings, Surgeon, U.S. Army, is assigned to duty in charge 
of this division, as Curator of the Army Medical Museum and Librar- 
ian of the Surgeon General's Office. Mr. C. J. Myers, Clerk class 
four, will report to Surgeon Billings for duty in this division. 

The "Division of Surgical Records" is discontinued. The 
records, books and files pertaining thereto are transferred to the 
Record and Pension Division, of which they will hereafter, form a 
part. 

To the Museum and Library Division is assigned the use of 
the second and third floors of the building on Tenth Street, to 
which will be transferred, so far as may be possible, all of the 
books, etc. , belonging to the Library, together with the clerks 
and other employees engaged in Library work. 

Surgeon Billings and Assistant Surgeon Pope are charged with 
the supervision of the removal of records, books, files and other 
property, as well as the assignnent of rooms and other details nec- 
essary to carry this order into effect. 

(Signed) R. Murray, 

Surgeon General, U.S. Army. 



-36- 

_The following appeared in the Report of the Surgeon General, 
1883-3 : 

1, 4.u."^"^i?^^ ^ Catalogue of the Army Medical Museum was prepared 
by thia office and printed at the Government Printing Office. The 
^seum collection contained at that time 4719 specimens in the 
Surgical Section. 877 in the Medical and 2120 in the Microscopical, 
a total of 7716 specimens. Since then the number of surgical spec- 
imens has been increased to 7265, of medical specimens to 1705, 
and of microscopical specimens to 8881; and three new sections have 
been added to the collection, viz.. an Anatomical section containing 
<J14C5, a section of Comparative Anatomy containing 2481, and a Mis- 
°®i;^®°^ ^®°^^°^ containing 727 specimens ; making a total of 
23202 specimens now in the Museum collection, of which less than 
one third are described in the catalogue of 1866. 

"A manuscript catalogue is now in course of preparation whifii 
will include a description of all specimens in the Museum at the 

^««^ti"Jf ^^^'^ ^^ ^*^x.f catalogue is indispensable to the practical 
usefulness of so valTiabl6 a collection, it is hoped that authority 
nay be granted by Congress for the printing ar^ binding of this 
work at the Government Printing Office. " 

The following publications were based more or less on work 
done at the Museum: 

% Drs. Otis and D. L. Huntington: "Medical and Surgical 
History of the War of the Rebellion, Part III, Vol. 2. Surgical 
History." Washington, 1883. 1015 pp., 41 plates, 510 figures. 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of acute oedema of glottis." Jferyland 
Med. Jour., Bait., 1883-4, x, 870. 

"Case of fractured clavicle and ribs." Ibid. 

"Case of united fracture through great trochanter of woman 
age 85." Ibid. 

On January 5, 1884, Dr. Shufeldt made a report to the Surgeon 
General on the condition and requirements of the section of Com- 
parative Anatomy of the Museum. (Not published; manuscript of 62 
pages. ) 

On April 1, Jacob Lawson Wortman was appointed Anatomist to 
the Museim. 

On April It, Dr. Washington Matthews, Asst. Surgeon, U.S. 
Army, was assigned to duty at the I^iseum. 



_ -87- 

On May 3, Dr. Sbiifeldt was relieved from duty at the Muaexan. 

On May 9, there waa & >«»<»«rtl<»» ««■* *he Musexm "by the Surgeons 
General of the Army and Navy and other officers of the Army and 
Navy to the American Medical Association* 

On May 28, Senator Mahone reported a bill (Calendar No. 657), 
appropriating $200,000, for a new Muse"um building. It passed the 
Senate June 3 and was sent to the Ho\i6S. 

August 17. Death of Dr. Woodward, at a hospital at Wawa, 
Pa. 

In December. Dr. Matthews was at Fort Wingate, N. M. 

At the New Orleans Exposition, in 1884-85, the Maseum was rep- 
resented by models of hoepitale, hospital boats and cars, ambulances, 
litters, medical cheats and knapsacks, photographs and books, cata- 
logues and circulars, series of microscopes and slides, crania and 
pathological specimens. 

The following pamphlets were published in connection with th e 
Bicposition: 

"Exhibit class 5, No- 2. "Description of the models of hospital 
steam vessels," by Dr. Woodward. No. 3. "Description of the models 
of hospital cars." No. 4. "Description of the U.SV Army medical 
transport car. Model of 1876, " by Drs. Huntington and Otis. Exhibit 
class 4, No. 5. "Description of selected specimens from the Medical 
and Surgical Sections of the Army Medical Muse«n, at Washington, " 
by Dr. Billings. No. 6. "Description of the microscopes and micro- 
scopical preparations from the Army Medical Musevm, Washington,", 
by Dr. Billings, No. 7. "Description of the coniposite photographs 
of the crania, frwn the Army Medical Musevim, Washington, " by Dr. 
Billings. No. 8. "List of crania and skeletons in the Section of 
Coniparative Anatomy of the U*S. Army Medical Museum, Washington," 
revised by Dr. Billings. Exhibit class 5. "Photographs illu8tratii;g 
rare books in the Library of the Sutrgeon General » s Office. " 

"Publications in 1884 by Dr. Lamb, based on worts done at the 



-88- 

"Case of cicatricial stenosis of sraall intestine." Proc. Med. 
Soc. D.C., Washington, 1883-85, 16. 

"Case of p-uerperal peritonitis." Ibid., 89. (Also Maryland 
Med. Jour. , Bait. , 1884, XI, 6. ) 

"Tjqpical lesions of typhoid fever, " Ibid-, , 133. (Also Mary- 
land Med. Jour,, Bait., 1884-85, XII, 376.) 

"Case of adeno-circinoma of intestine with renal calculus." 
Ibid., 161. 

March 2, 1885. Passage of the bill for the new Musetan building 
by the House of Representatives; the same as Mahone*s bill. Approved 
this date by President Arthur. 

On April 20, a large number of specimens of Comparative Anatomy, 
several hundred, were transferred to the U, S. National Museum. 

On J-uly 8, Dr. William M, Gray was appointed to duty at the 
Museum for bacteriological aind microscopical work. 

The following publications in 1885 were based more or less 
on the work done in the Museum." 

By Dr. J. S. Billings: ""On composite photography as applied 
to craniology and on measuring the cubic capacity of skulls.'^ 
Read April 12, 1885. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sc, , Washington, 1885, ^11, 
105-116, 20 plates. 

By Dr. Matthews: "On measuring the cubic capacity of skulls." 
Ibid., pages 107-116. 

By Drs. Matthews and Billings J "On a new craniophore for use 
itt making compo*ite photographs of skulls," Ibid., page 117; also 
in Photogr. Times and American Photographer, Jan. 15, 1886, p. 38, 

Dr. H. C. Yarrow, Contract Surgeon, assisted Dr. Matthews in 
measuring crania and made two trips to the West to secure Indian 
crania. 

September 18, 1886. In the Medical Ndwa of this date. Volume 

XLIX, page 330| appfearsd an ar tittle from & special correspondent 

(probably Dt. Billings) oont6.ining a deecfiptioft of the new Museum 

building eind a View bf itd front bxA eadt sidefa. (A moire complete 

description prepared or appi^oved probably by Dr. Billings will be 



_ -89- 

found nnder the year 1837). The News ad^a that Dr. Billlnga' con- 
ception of the Museiaa was aa follows : 

1. To illustrate the effects, "both lirmediate and remote, 
of wounds and of the diseases that prevailed in the Artay. 

2. To illustrate the work of the Army Medical Department} 
models of tremsportation of sick and wovmded, and of ifioapitaid* 
medical supplies; instruments," etc. 

3. To illustrate human Anatomy and pathology fif both sexed 
emd of all ages. 

4. To illusti'ate the moi^jhological basis of ethnological clas- 
sification, more dspedialiy 6f the native races of Amerioaj including 
anthropometry and craniology. 

5. To illustrate the latest methods and appax'atus for bio- 
logical investigations and the various methods of iiireparing feind 
mounting specimens. 

In October, Dr, J. C, McConnell of the Museian devised aii in- 
strument called a periglyph for making orthogonal drawings of the 
skull. It was figured and described in detail by Dr. Matthews in 
the Jour. Anat. and Hiysiol. , London, XXI, page 43, plate II. 

On November 13, Dr. J. H. Janeway, U.S. Army, stationed in New 
Tork City, was reqiaested by Dr. Billings to examine the Museum left 
by Dr, Frank H. Hamilton, with the view of poseibly buying it for 
the Army Medical Museum. On November 27, the collection was bought. 
It contained 58 plaster casts, 96 dry preparations (bones), 14 mis- 
siles and foreign bodies removed from wounds, and 4 miscellaneous 
specimens. 

The following publications of 1886 v/ere based more or less on 
work done at the Museum: 

By Drs. Billings and Matthews: »'A new craniophore for use in 
making composite photographs of skulls." Photogr. Times and Amer. 
Photographer, Jany. 15, 1886. 

By Dr. Matthews: "An apparatus for determining the angle of 
torsion of the humerus." jour. Anat. and Physiol., Lond. , 1886, 
XXI, page 536. 



_ -90- 

1836. PinL.^Svhli'Ter'^SsJ^'rt^^r^^^^^ ^' N-^. 

"Case of tumors of liver or stillborn Infant; and other spec- 
imens. " Joiimal Am. Med. Assoc. , Chicago, 1885, VI, 25. 

"Case, of extra -uterine pregnancy. " Ibid.* 413. 

"Case of hypertrophy of heart; weight 38 oz. •• Ibid., 414. 

"Case of pyo-salpinx." Ibid., 1886, VII, 379. 

"Case of general tuberculosis. " Ibid. , 279. 

"Case of embolism of brain. " Ibid. , 582. 

"Case of acute general tuberculosis supervening on enlarged 
cheesy mesenteric glands; death from meningitis." Ibid., 668. 

See also E. W. Germer: "Das Museum der Geeuniheitspflege, 
(Army Medical Mugexm)." Cutting from Erie Tageblatt. Erie. 1885. 
Jan. 21. 6 1.. 

During the year 1886 the follcwing now classification of spec- 
imens was devised by Drs. Billings and Matthews: 

A, The whole organism or more than one region. Al. Babryology 
and development. A2, Anatomy and Physibiogy. A3, Abnormities and 
Deformities. A43, Atrophy, Degeneration and Mortification. A44, 
Inflammation and its sequelae. A45, Parasites and Parasitic and 
Infectious Diseases. A45, Tumors and concretions. AS, Injuries and 
foreign bodies. A6, Eeatoration and repair. 

Aa, Begion of Head and Neck. Aa2, Normal Anatomy and Phys- 
iology. Aa3, Abnormities and Deformities. Aa41, Disorders of Cir- 
culation. Aa42, Hypertrophy and Dilatation. Aa44, Inflammation 
and its sequelae. Aa45, Parasites and Parasiiic and Infectious 
Diseases. AaS, Injuries and foreign bodies. Aa7, Surgery. 

Ab, Region of Thorax, Ab2, Normal Anatomy and Physiology. 
Ab43, Atrophy, Degeneration and Mortification. Ab44, Inflammation 
and its sequelae. Ab45, Parc^ites, Parasitic and Infectious Dis- 
eases. Ab46, Tumors and Concretions. Ab5, Injuries and Foreign 
Bodies. 

Ac, Region of Abdomen. Ac2, Normal Aiaatomy awl Physiology. 
Ac3, Abnormities and Deformities. Ac4, Blseases. Ac45, Parasites, 
Parasitic and Infectious Diseaaee, Ac46, Tumors and Concretions. 

Ad, Region of Male Pelvis. Ad2, Normal Anatomy and Phys- 
iology. Ad3, Abnormities and Deformities. Ad4, Diseases. Ad5, 
Injuries and Foreign Bodies. Ad6, Tumors and Concretions. 

Ae, Upper Extremities. AeS, Injuries and Foreign Bodies. 
Ae6, Repairs exid Restoration. Ae7, Surgery. 

Af, Lower Extremities. Af2, Normal Anatomy and Physiology. 
Af3, Abnomities and Deformities. Af4, Diseasea. Af41, Disorders 
of CircTilation. Af42, Ifypertrophy and Dilatation. Af43, Atrophy, 
Degeneration and Mortification. Af44, Inflanmation and its sequelae. 
Af45, Parasites, Parasitic and Infectious Diseases. Af46, Repaiis 
and Restoration. Af7, Surgery. 



-91- 

ical. ^^ ^° ^^' *^ ^^' ^°' """^ ^''' ^^""^^ Skeletons, patholog- 

oln.i.f?' ^^f ^? ^"""f^- ^^ *° ^*' ^^2 to 46. Normal ard Path- 
ological Ba5 Injuries and Foreign Bodies. Ba6, Repair and 
Restoration. Ba7, Sairger:.y. 

ZlLi ^ B ' ^^«^^^®S' 2^5. Injuries and Foreign Bodies. Bb6. 
Repair and Restoration. Bb7, Surgery, 

^..i ^"^'^ Male pelvis, normal. Bc43 to 48. Diseases. Bc5, In> 
J-uries and Foreign Bodies. 

T^A Ti^' ^°^-^\°^ ^PPer extremities. Bd2, Normal. BdS, Abnormal. 
Bd4. Disease. Bd42. %pertrophy and Dilatation. Bd43. Atrophy 
Degeneration and Mortification. Bd44. Inflammation a:^ its seqielae. 
2d45 Parasites etc. ai46. Tumors and Concretions. BdS Iniuries 
and Foreign Bodies. Bd6. Repair and Restoration. ^1^5^X6^^ 
Be4 Di!L!!"'%!fo^T'' ^*^«°iti6s. Be2, Normal. Be3. Abnonml. 
^.Disease. Be42, Hypertrophy and Dilatation. Be43/ Atrophy. 
Degeneration and Mortification. Be44. Inflammation and its se^e- 
^i^r-if '/f ^^^*^^4 ^*°' ^^^^' ^°^« ^ Concretions, BeS, 
£rSy' ^^^' ^^''* ^ Restoration. Be?, 

C, Muscular, System. 
Ties, ■'^Dc ^VeSg**'°'"^ System. Da, Heart and Pericardium. Db, Arte- 

E, Lyn^hatic System and Ductless Glands, Ea, I^rophatics. 
iSb, Spleen Ec, Suprarenal capsule. Ed, Thyroid gland. 

Fc PerkhSlT^ ^rl"^' ?• ^''^^''' ^' Ol'longata ani Spinal Cprd. 
■ec, Peripheral and Sympathetic Nervep. 

G, Respiratory System. 

H, Digestive System. Ha, Dental Specimens. Hb, Mouth. He. 
Pharynx and Oesophagus. Hd. Stomach aM Duodenum. He. Intestines! 
12; ^erSn:!"^" %. Salivary Glands. Hh. Pancreas. Hi. Liver. 

I, Organs of Sense. la. Eye. lb. Nose. Ic, Tongue. Id, Ear. 

Urethi; L'?"Srf^r?^icuS: ^'"^^^ ^ "^^^^"^ ^' ^^^^^ ^^ 

L, Male Genitals. 

M, Female Genitals. 

N, Integtmientary system. 

0, Microscopes. 

P. Weapons and Missiles. 

R, Anthropometric apparatus. 

S, Surgical Instruments. 

March 21, 1887. Dr. Matthews described a new instrument for 
drawing contours of the interior of the skull without disturbing 
the bone. 



^ -92- 

In Aaguot, 1887, Dr. Matthews went to Ariaona to Investigate 
the ruins of the Zuni Indians. On October 5, he reported to Br. 
Billings that he had found that 14". F., H. Gushing, the Director of 
the Kemenway Expedidition, heid excavated many skeletons, which, 
however, for want of proper care had been wasted, trazqpled into 
dust. Dr. Matthews, using paraffin, saved many specimens az3d arranged 
with Gushing that as he, Matthews, was saving these bones, they 
should go to the An&y Medical Musetm, on condition that they should 
be labelled as contributed by the Hemenmay Southwestern Archaeolog- 
ical Expedition, and be studied and reported on to the Expedition. 
The Museum might return sudi specimens ae in its judgment might be 
necessary for the Expedition to illustrate its collection. 

In November, Dr. J. L. Wortman of the Museum went to Ariaona 
to help in the work of preserving and packing for traneportation 
the skeletons that were excavated. (On February 6, 1888, he re- 
ported that he was usixig shellac on the bones to hold them together 
and prevent disintegration. In May, 1888, the specimens began to 
arrive at the Masetm. Another lot of bones, filling five boxes, 
was sent to Salem, tbssachusette, then the headquarters of the Sc- 
pedition, and in October, 1889, was sent to the Museum. There was 
still left at Zuni other bones which, in June, 1891, Dr. Matthews 
had transported to the Military Post, Fort Wingate, where he was 
stationed, and these were forwarded to the Mueevtn; 25 boxes. All 
these and the previous lots from the Expedition were afterwards 
transferred to the National Museum, Washington). 



__ -93- 

On NovOTiber 1, Dr. I.fe.tthews retiimed to the Mtiseum. 

On December 14, a joint resolution v/as introdiaced in both 
Houses of Congress for preparing an illustrated catalogue of the 
Museum, but did not pass. 

During this month, the moving of the JJaseum specimens into 
the new building proceeded. It was found that the new Museum 
cases v/ere just a little too high to take them through the door- 
way of the Museum Hall and they had to be taken through a large 
window on the South side of the hall. 

Dr. Billings contemplated having a Guide Book printed for 
the Museum and Library; to wit: 

Guide Book for the Army Medical t^seum and Library, N.W. 
Cor. 7th and B Streets, S.W., Washington, D.C. 

Exterior view taken from the southwest, as frontispiece. 

Historical Introduction. 

Description of the building with floor plans of main and 
second floors and of third floor of center building. 

Objects of the Museum; general arrangement of the contents; 
description of special interesting specimens in the different cases. 

General description of the Library; of the Index Catalogue; 
notice of some of the important raro books, etc. 

To make about 60 pages, octavo, long primer. 

The book was not printed. The following is his description 
of the building: 

The Army Medical Museum and Library building is situated to 
the east of the National Museum and the Smithsonian Institution, 
at the intersection of Seventh Bjnd B Streets, Southwest, facing 
B Street on the South, with the east wing abutting on Seventh Street. 
It is easily accessible by the Pennsylvania Avenue and Seventh 
Street cars, and by the Belt line. The building was erected on 
a reservation of 270 x 150 feet, at a cost of $200,000, according 
to plans prepared by the architect, Mr. A. Cluss, under instruc- 
tions from Surgeon J. S. Billings, U. S. Army, acting for the Sur- 
geon General, and was finished in the fall of 1887. It is exceed- 
ingly plain, without ornamentation, and consists of a centre build-, 
ing, two wings and an annex to the centre building in the courtyard. 



-94- 

The walls are of brick, constructed with a bonded internal lining 
of hollow brick for all walls exposed to the weather. The moulded 
work and the cornices consist of pressed brick and terra cotta. 
The floors of the first story are constructed of brick arches be- 
tween rolled iron beams. The floors above are formed of flat arches, 
built of hollow bricks between rolled beams. The roofs of the 
centre building are constructed similarly to the floors but of 
lighter material. The columns used are of fireproof sectional 
wrought iron. The Library and Museum are constructed so as to 
form fireproof compartments separated from the other parts of 
th© building. The stairs are of wrought and cast iron. The cen- 
tre building, 112 feet in length and 55 feet in width, has a base- 
ment and four stories, respectively eleven, fifteen, fourteen, 
thirteen and twelve feet in height; the wings are sixty by one 
hundred and thirty-one feet and, with basements of eleven feet in 
height, and first stories of fifteen feet. The second story, de- 
voted one to the Museum, the other to the Library, are open to the 
roof and ventilated by continuous lantern skylights. These halls 
are thirty-one feet high to the eaves and forty-seven feet high to 
the ridge of the lantern. The east or Museum wing has a gallery 
fourteen feet wide and twelve feet six inches above the floor. The 
annex connected with the centre building by a covered passage is 
fifty-two feet in length and twenty-four in width, and has a basemertt 
in which are the steam-boilers, pumps and coal cellar, and two stories 
containirig rooms for the anatomical and biological laboratory. 

The First gloor . — Entering the building on the south side and 
turning to the left or west, the corridor with office rooms on each 
side leads to a large hall supported by iron columns, which extends 
the whole length of the west wing. The hall and the offices on the 
corridor leading thereto are assigned to clerks of the Record and 
Pension Division of the War Department. Here are kept the record 
of thei hospitals of the war of the rebellion, from which the Pension 
Office is furnished with data relating to the medical history of 
the applicants for pensions. On the corridor to the right of the 
main entrance, leading to the east wing, are two additional rooms 
for clerks of the Record and Pension Division amd two rooms occupied 
by the Chemist of the Surgeon General's Office. In the east wing 
on this floor is a room containing sin outfit of furniture, medicines, 
etc., for a post hospital, a room for specimens of geni to-urinary 
organs; also for reserve specimens; a dissecting room, an anatom- 
ist's rooip. and. a dark room. 

The Second Floor . — On the second floor of the centre building 
are found the offices of the Surgeon in charge and of the clerks 
connected with the Library, and a reading room for those who wish 
to avail themselves of books in the Library, In the east wing on 
this floor is the Museran and in the west wing the Library. 

The Third Floor . — Of the rooms on this floor five on the 
south side are occupied by officers and clerks connected with the 
Museum; on the north side the rocm next to the Library wing is the 
Microscopical room, and that next to the Museum the anthropometrical 



-95- 

room.~ In the latter are found apparatus for testing color sense, 
error in estimating squareness, judgment of eye, swiftness of blow, 
strength of ptill and squeeze, delicacy of muscular sense; scales 
for measuring height and span of arms; test-type apparatus, Holpert's 
air-tester; J. McK, Cattell's instrument for measuring reaction 
time, A. T. Keyt's sphygmograph, Snellen's phakometer, an aesthes- 
iometer, Hall and Donaldson's instrvment for testing motor sensa- 
tions on, skin., optometers, kymograph, aeroscope, aerobioscope, etc. 
The Fourth Flooy of the centre building contains the Photo- 
graph Gallery and a number of storerooms, two of which are filled 
with travois, litters, cacolets, and other appliances for transpor- 
tation of sick and wounded in the field, for which no space could 
be found in the Museum Hall. 

The followii^g publications of 1887 were based more or less 

on work done at the Museum: 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of syphilitic disease of bone. " Jour. 
An. Mod. Assoc, Chicago, 1887, 7III, 46. 

"Case of typhoid fever." Ibid., 188. 
Ibid. 304^^ °^ '^^'^^^ '^ suprarehal cdpsules and Addison's disease." 

"Case of osteomalacia* •* tbid. , 193. 

..n,.^ /^!® °f ^^°* ""^ °^ ^"^^^^ ^P^"®' ^^^1 ^^^^ in spinal cdrd; 
remoYed after death, 18-1/2 years after injury. " Ibid., IX. 53, 

"Case of bony formation in eye. •» Ibid.. 121. 

"Case of death fi-ftm illuminating gas." Ibid., 313. 

On Februafy 15, l68^; the removal of the Museum specimens to 
the new building was completed. 

In March] occurred the ihtetesting oada of lirsi Banons, said 
to be a paranoiac; the matjroecopio and microscopic exfimlnations were 
made by Drs. Lamb and Grayj etfterwards a number of pathologists and 
others assembled at the Museum, at which the lesions were demonstrated 
. by Dr. Welch of The Johns Hopkins University. 

«^|>«9; Statement by Dr. Billings that he was nearly ready 
to print a new catalogue of the Museum. The matter came under con- 
sideration of the appropriate Committee of Congress. It did not 
materialize. 



-95- 

On June 1, the annex to the Maseiin bviilding Tiaa completed. 

On August 10, Dr. Billings recommended Dr. Gray for promo- 
tion, saying: "Dr. Gray is a skilled microscopist, and ia upon 
the whole I think the best preparer of microscopic specimens in 
this country, and probably the best maker of photomicrographs any- 
where." On August 24, Dr. Gray was appointed Contract Surgeon. 

On September 15, the following circular was issued: 

WAR DEPARTMENT, 
SUEffiEX)N GENERAL'S OFFICE, 

Washington, D. C, September 15, 1888. 

The attention of physicians is respectfully invited to the 
fact that the Anny Medical Miiseum is not arranged in a convenient 
fire-proof building which affords means for the proper preserva- 
tion and display of specimens, and their aid is requested to make 
it a coniplete representative collection covering all branches of 
medicine. 

The following indicates the classes of specimens especially 
desired, with the best means of preserving them so as to make them 
most uselui: 

1. Etabryos of all animals and of all ages; human embryos of early 
ages in the membraines are especially desired. 

Perfectly fresh human embryos should have their membrames 
perforated by small slits in one or two places, and then be placed 
in Miiller's fluid, and kept in a cool place for 24 hours; the fluid 
should then be replaced by fresh. 

If it is only possible to place a specimen in the preserva- 
tive fluid five or six hours after delivery, conmercial alcohol, 
80 per cent., should be used in place of Miiller's fluid. 

Fresh embryos of animals, ranging fron 1 l/2 inches down to 
a few millimetres in length, may be preserved in either Miiller's 
fluid, Perenyi's fluid, or chromic acid, l/2 oer cent, solution. 
The uterus shotild be taken from the recently killed animal, and 
opened while immersed in one of the preservative media. If Perenyi's 
fluid is used, allow the specimen to remain in it for from three to 
six hours, then transfer to alcohol (commercial). 

S. Specimens of the pregnant uterus, human or fron lower animals, 
with the appendages, especially those where the contents have 
not been disturbed except to admit alcohol to the interior. 



-97- 

3. Cofliplete human skeletons of which the age, sex, and race are 
known. Skeletons of very old persons are especially desired. When 
cocjplete skeletons cannot be furnished, the skull, pelvis, and long 
bones are wanted* Skeletons of the following animals are desired, 
viz: 

SKELETONS. 

Monkeys of any species. 
Catnivora- 

Wild cat (Lynx rufus). 

Canada lynx (Lynx Canadensis). 

Eyra (Felis eyra)« 

Yaguarundi (Felis vaguarimdi ) . 

Jagiaar (Felis onca). 

Wolverine (Gulo lusdus). 

Fisher (Mustela pennanti). 

Little striped skunk (Spilogale zorilla). 

Otter (Lutra Canadensis)* 

Sea otter (liihydra marina)* 

Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos)« 

Black bear (Ursiis Anericanus). 
tfagulata- 

Antelope (Ahtilocapra Americana). 

Motintain g6at (Mazama Montana). 

Edentata- 
Armadillo (Tatusia peba). 

Birds- 
Water birds of any species, especially waders; likewise carnivo- 
rous species. 

In the collection of skeletons of any kind it is especially 
important that every bone should be preserved; care should be taken 
to obtain all the feet and hand bones, the hyoid bones or bone, and 
the sesamoid bones, shoTild they exist, together with every piece 
belonging to the skeleton, howevet small and insignificant it may 
appear to be. 

The loose teeth should in every instance be carefully gathered 
up, put in a separate package, and placed inside the skull. 

The labeling of every hutnan skeleton should be carefully attended 
to; the important points to be noted iq)on the label being the lo- 
cality, race, if known, age and sex, if ascei'tainable. 

In the case of a skeleton other than hianan, the locality and 
species are sufficient. 

If the skeleton is freeh and the soft parts adherent, it should 
be foughly cleaned and hung in the shade to dry. No attempt should 
be fiiade by the collector to finally prepare any osteological speci- 
men by boiling, macerating, etc* ; to do this properly reqtdres special 
appliances, which are to be found in a Well appointed laboratory only. 



-98- 

Skeletons of very old animals of any species are of value 
to the collection. 

4. Specimens of the eye, internal ear, olfactory organs, the tongue 
with its attachments (including the larynx and upper part of 
the trachea), the external and internal genitals, and the brain 
and spinal cord from infants, children, very old persons, and 
from wild animals, are desired if they can be obtained perfectly 
fresh. 

Specimens of eyes, either normal or pathological, if taken 
from the living animal, should be placed immediately in Mailer's 
fluid and set aside in a cool place for 24 hours, when the fluid 
should be replaced by fresh and again changed on fourth day. 

Internal ear, olfactory organs, tongue, etc., should be treated 
in the same manner, if removed one or two hours after death. 

If removed five or six hours after death, as is usual in the 
majority of post-mortems, all of the organs of special sense are 
best preserved in commercial alcohol. 

Brains and cords should be placed as soon as possible after 
death in Miiller's or Erlicki's fluid. If removed within 36 hours 
after death, the brain and cord may be preserved and hardened whole 
in either of these fluids, if kept in a cool place; if it is the 
intention to preserve the specimen whole, change the fluid every 
34 hours for five days, keeping at as lov/ a temperature as possible. 

Specimens of the central nervous system removed three days 
or more after death should be preserved in commercial alcohol. 

5. Hearts, with as much of the great vessels attached as possible; 
kidneys, with ureters; pancreas, with its ducts; spleenj supra- 
reiml bodies; stomach, with oesophagus and commencement of the 
intestine, from very old persons and from wild animals, pre- 
served in alcohol, are desired. 

Specimens of the smaller wild animals and parts of animals 
should be preserved in alcohol, as of the following: 

Swift fox (Vulpes velox). 

Prairie fox (Vulpes macroxurus). 

Island fox (Urocyon littoralis). 

California civet (Bassaris astuta), (much desired). 

Pine marten (Mustela martes). 

Fisher (Mustela pennanti). 

Wolverine (Gulo luscus). 

Badger (Taxidea Americana). 

Raccoon (Procyon lotor). 

Head of any species of bear. 

Head or limbs of any species of seal (much desired). 

Any species of bat. 



-99- 

kny species of mole or shrew. 

Jumping mouse (Zapua hiodsonius). 

Wood rat (Neotoma floridana). 

Musk rat (Fiber zibethicua). 

Pouched gopher (Geomys burearius). 

Gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). 

Ground squirrels (Speiroophilus), any species. 

Prairie dog (Cynomys ludoviciana). 

Woodchuck (Arctomys monax). 

Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatus). 

Eio Grande armadillo (Tatusia peba), (very much desired). 

Also limbs and heads of animals preserved in alcohol, the 
cervical vertebrae remaining attached to the heads, and 
the brain and spinal cord being left undisturbed. 

■i Materials designed to illustrate the macroscopic anatomy of 

the brain are best preserved in commercial alcohol, but is scarcely 
ever su^ices to plunge the specimen directly into this preservative. 

The best practice is to decapitate the subject, wash out the 
circulatory system with salt solution of moderate strength in tepid 
water, and inject strong solution of zinc chloride or corrosive 
sublimate. 

Care should be taken to llgate the vertebral and one of the 
carotid arteries before proceeding, the injection being done pref- 
erably through the opposite carotid. 

In the case of small animals not larger than a common cat, 
injection of the brain is not absolutely necessary, but the brain 
case should b§ freely opened (care being taken not to injure the 
brain) in order that the alcohol may penetrate well. 

After injection, the specimen should be placed in alcohol. 
In the case of a human brain, it is best to both Inject, as directed 
above, and open the brain case In addition. 

No attempt should be made to remove the brain unless the 
entire head caiuiot be obtained. In such Instance a thorough washing 
out of the circulatory system and subsequent Injection, as directed 
above, will be found of great assistance in handling. This of course 
must be done before any attempt at removal. 

The nerve trunks should be cut as long as possible, the dura 
mattfr-split up» and the whole placed In a saturated solution of zinc 
chloride for a peripd of 48 hours before transferring it to alcohol. 
Cotton or hair should then be carefully packed around it so as to 
prevent distortion as far as possible. 

Brains of Chinese, Indians, Negroes, and other races are spec- 
ially desired. Brains of any of the vertebrata, but more especially 
those of the mammalia, are wanted. 

The preservation of any of the hollow viscera is best accom- 
plished by first washing them out thoroughly and then placing in 
commercial alcohol. In the case of hearts or kidneys, the vessels 
should be cut long so as to show their principal bifurcations and 
branches. 



-100- 

6. Specimens illustrating results of wotmds and operations in 

ni£m and the lower animals, especially those showing the re- 
sults of old fractures and dislocations, of excisions of 
bones and joints, of old injuries of the head; also stiMips. 

7. Abnormities and deformities of all kinds in man of lower an- 

imals, monsters, contracted joints, spina bifida. These are 
especially desired J)resei-ved in alcohol. Specimens of de- 
formed pelves are particularly desired. 

8. Atrophies of orgajis or limbs from man or lower animals. 

9. Hypertrophies of all kinds; tumors of all kinds. 

10. Specimens illustrating diseases of the nervous system, sclerosis, 

or atrophy of brain or cord; neuritis. 

11. Specimens illustrating disease or results of injury of the eye, 

internal ear, amd nose, from man, or lower animals. Temporal 
bones, larynx, tongtia, and lower jaws from deaf-mutes are es- 
pecially desired. For modes of preservation see above; 

Tumors and pathological organs are best preserved in alocihol 
or alcohol and bichloride of mercviry solution. It is especially 
desirable to use one or other of the preservatives mentioned in 
notes 1, 2, 3, aiid 4, if the body has not been dead over 24 hours. 

12. Specimens illustrating abnormities or diseases of the jaws and 

teeth, incliiding casts showing irregularities of the teeth 
and the results of treatment. 

13. Hernias, especially irreducible hernias with the viscera in the 

sac. 

14. Diseases of the vascular system, especially aneurisms, arteritis, 

phlebitis, acute endocarditis, valvular lesions of the heart, 
rupture of the heart, vessels that have been ligated or obstructed. 

15. Diseases of the pancreas, contracted liver, acute yellow atrophy 

of liver, contracted kidney, acute nephritis, diseased supra- 
renal capsules, ulcer of stomach or duodenum. 

16. Diseases of the skin, tattoed skin, leprosy, ichthyosis, chronic 

eczana, lupus. 

17. Calculi and concretions, foreign bodies in situ. 

18. Parasites of muscles and skin, including trichinia, psorospermia, 

taenia, tricophytae, etc. , are desired. 

19. Specimens of enlarged or diseased lymphatics or masses of so- 

called scrofulous glands. 

20. Diseases of bones and joints, including rickets ai^ craniotabes 

in infants. Specimens of diseases of infants and young chil- 
dren, especially of intestines in cholera infantum, Ivmgs in 
pneumonia of infants, specimens of cardiac disease or malfor- 
mation from the infant, specimens of congenital deformity of 
any kind. 

21. Specimens showing the result of long continued pursuit of a 

particular trade or profession as affecting bones. Joints, or 
any viscus. Specimens showing infiltration of tissties with 
lead or silver salts are particularly desired. Specimens of 
pigmentary or lardaceous degeneration. 



-101- 

22. Syphilitic gtaumata, diseaaes of the genital organs showing 

cicatrices. 

23. Specimens of instruments and apparatus new and old, including 

those used in physiological investigation, in diagnosis and 
in therapeutics, whether surgical or medical. 
34. Models, casts and photographs; diagrams and apparatus used 
in demonstrations or medical and surgical teaching. 

Specimens forv/arded "by medical officers of the Array at posts 
may be sent through the Quartermaster's Department, unless speedy 
delivery is desirable, when they should be sent by Mams Express, 
Other contributors can forward specimens by Adams Express, in suit- 
able boxes or packages, marked "Surgeon J.S. Billings, U.S. Army, 
Curator of the Army Medical Musetim, Washington, D.C." The freight 
charges are defrayed here by the Wdsexsn. 

JOHN MOORE, 

Surgeon General, 

On September 20, a reception was given to the Congress of 
American Physicians and Surgeons at the Museum. Dr. Billings read 
an address on Museums treating more especially of the Army Medical 
Museum. The address was published in The Ivledical News, Philadelphia, 
1888, LIII, 509. 

On October 3, the following circular letter was issued and 

sent to 83 physicians. Many replies were received saying that the 

gentlemen would attend to the matter. Four persons only appear to 

have given any definite information, namely: Drs. Thomas Dwight, 

of Harvard, who reported 3 cases of 8th sternal rib, Joseph; Leidy, 

of Philadelphia, who reported 5, F. A. Morrison, of Indianapolis, 

who reported 2, and John W. Perkins, of Kansas City, Missouri, who 

reported 3: 

War Department, 
Surgeon General's Office, 
Army Medical Musetim, 
Washington, Oct. 3, 1888. 

Dear Doctor : 

I desire to obtain certain data with regard to the relations 



-102- 

of race to variations bf structure in man, and venture to ask your 
assistance both from your past experience and from observations 
which I hope you will make hereafter. 

1. Have you seen any cases in which there were eight (8) 
true or sternal ribs, the eighth rib being Joined directly by its 
own cartilage to the sternum and not through the cartilage of thd 
seventh rib? If so it is desirable to know fbr each case whether 
the person was white, negro, mulatto, Indian; half breed, Celt, 
etc., and the sex; also whether the anomaly was present on both 
sides or on one side only, and, if the latter, on which side. 

2. I wish to obtain data as to the age at which bbniy union 

of the greater and lesser cornua of the hyoid bone takes place with 
the body in the different races and in the sexes. For this purpose 
it is desirable to note carefully the condition of this bone as re* 
•gards the ossific union of its various elements in persons over 35 
years of age whom you may have the opportunity to examine, noting 
at the same time sex, probable age, race, etc., such as Nefero, mu- 
latto, Indian, half breed, Chinese, Irish, English, German^ Scandi" 
navian, etc. ■ ■ i 

Age being one of the most Important factors ih this ifaquiry 
it is of the utmost importance to note the condition of thfe sutures 
of the skull with reference to their synostosis in all subjects 
where the age is entirely unknown, as frequently happens among ca- 
davers of the dissecting room. This, it is claimed by anthropol- 
ogists, affords the most reliable guide to the determination of age 
in such cases. If the sagittal or coronal suture shows bony union 
the individual is said to be at or beyond middle life, or somewhere 
in the vicinity of 45 years; if sagittal and coronal are jointed it 
Indicates 45 to 55; if sagittal, coronal and lambdoid are synostosed 
the age irdicated is said to be from 55 to 65 i and if all the sutures 
are obliterated the age is from 65 to 80 years. The cases in which 
the greatest amount of interest centers are those ranging from middie 
age to very old. 

If the specimens, roughly dissected out, can be sent to this 
Museum for preparation aixL examination, each accompanied with the 
above mentioned data, they will be gladly received. It would be 
still better if the entire larynx Including the tongue could be sent 
in alcohol. 

The results of this inquiry will be published and fall credit 
given to all contributors. 

Very respectfully, 

Your obedient servant, 
John S. Billings, 

Surgeon, U.S. Army, 
Curator, Army Medical Musevm. 



-103- " ^ - '■'■'•' 

On October 22, Dr. 'William Lee, of Washing'toft; \x9gan to' 

make a collection of medical medale for the Madeum* 

On Itovember 1, Dr, Matthews rettimed to the- lfii8©um.^. 

The following publications in 1888 were based more or less 

on work done at the Museum: 

"By Dr. Charles Soaart, U.S. Army: "Medical and Surgical 
History of the War, Part III, Tol. 1. Medical Voliane." 

^ Dr. W. M. Gray: "Photomicrography." Microscope, Detroit, 
1888, VIII, 172. 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of bone syphilis." Jour. An, Mad. Assoc, 
Chicago, 1888, X, 400. 

"Case of senile hydrocephalus." Ibid., 489. 

"Case of tmors of glands." Ibid., 1888, XI, 137. 

"Case of death from strangtOated femoral hernia. " Ibid. , 315. 

On l&rch 14, 1889, Porter Tracy was appointed a clerk to assist 
Dr. Matthews in anthroponetrical wprk. 

On July 18, Dr. Edwin E. ^odge.was appointed to assist the 
anatomist. 

In the Eeport of the Surgeon General for the fiscal year 1888- 
89» page 8, is a statement that 73 specimens of eyes, showing dis- 
ease or injury, had been contributed >y,4Jr'.-H. D. Nojres;;3of New York 
City. These specimens are not in the Mus^tin;" emd J[>r.. SFeyes^' xa&e 
does not appear in the list 'Of- coutriVutors nor in the correspon- 
dence of that year. A sejripir' of 26 specimen^ of the same charac- 
ter was received in June, 1889 from Dr. S. M. Burnett of Washington, 
If Dr. Noyes' specimens were actually received> some disposition 
must have been made of them, of which no record is found. 
The Surgeon General In the same Report, page 13, said: 

"The question of space for the better accommodation of the 
present holding of the Museto and for the additions which experience 



-104- 



shows are to be expected, is already obtmAinir i^-er-i-p <? . , 
a^ valuable exhibits, sich .sl^Lll'^tl^i'nlt^'kedlll SISf 
Photographs and specimens of medical field equipments of cur om 
am foreign military services already suffer from insufficient or 
unsuitable presentation. The last is particularly worthy orcom! 
Pletion and satisfactory display, but It cannot be e^fecLd wSL 

the Lib"' "'' '^.'^'^^'"^ "r "^^'^ '^^^ °^^«^ P-^°^^« than those of 
the Library and Museum. In fact there is no avoiding the con- 

^aL r^t "^ now occupied by the Eecord and Pension Division should 
fcr\iTr.t ?? '^^J^^^l^^^, th« ^e of the growing Library and Museum. 
for which the whole building was originally constructed. No one 
Ihlit^ 1 informed as to the needs of the Library and Museum. 
llltl I'^-^i l^^ '"'^^'^^ profession and to the public, and the 
means by which this value may be increased, will hesitaU to state 
that the control of the whole building for the use of the Library 
^Museum is abuMantly justified. I therefore earnestly rec^f 
^ P.^ ^T'''°^ ""' °^" elsewhere for the work of the Record 
a^Pension division of the War Department and that justice may be 
done to the intent for which this building was constructed. 
«n,,^>,f As the facilities afforded by the Museum are frequently 
arSion ofT'%'T'°" "" Particular lines of research t^e prep- 
Snce Ifififi \.^ l^^ ^2^"^^ desirable, none having been printed 
rSi?flr^^; ? *5^ "^^^'' °^ ^ecimens was compafatively f Sw Ind 
tnvoSrrJ), 1 v'^^'^^^°'' ^^' followed. Such a catalogue would 
wS?d L?^1^>, °f ' ^^^ ^^ ^^ existence and properly distributed, 

coSesSSin ^^^"^.^It '^^^l^^ti^" of the Musem widely Imown ak 
correspondently available for students. " 

The following publications in 1889 were based more or less 
on work done at the Museum: 

the ^JL?""; "^"h^^s: "The inca bone and kiidred fonnations among 
the ^^J^^Ari^onians " ito. Anthrop. . Washington. 1889. II, 337?^ 
1889. X?I. lis ' "^^"^^«P^«- " Jc-r. Asn. Med! Assoc.. Chicago. 

"Case of typhoid fever." Ibid., 134. 

||Case of eighth sternal rib." Ibid.,' 135. 
Case of cemcer of kidney. " Ibid. , 423. 

"^cttLf ^"^^^ff^^l hemorrhage."' Ibid.. 1889, XIII, 516. 
Chronic osteitis, two cases. " Ibid. , 350. 

Case of tubercular peritonitis." Ibid. , 391. 
4itily ^l^'^^l ^ij in man." Nature, Lend.. 1889, XXIX. 17. 
Eighth sternal rib in man." An. Anthrop. . Wash.. 1889, II 

Jour mS 's; ''^I^'^'L:^^?'^^ --°- '^ foZ^'^'^er. 
oour. Med. So. . Phila., 1889, XOVII, 154. 

In hia Report for the year 1889-90, the Surgeon General said 



-105- 
thatJthe Museum building was origiiially erected by an appropriation 
which comprised only 50 per cent of that called for in the esti- 
matesi It was therefore materially curtailed, not only in its 
proportions but in its conveniences for the ends in view. The 
gtowik of the collections had now readied a point v^iere there was 
s6ine (Smbarrassment in properly caring for them. He therefore re- 
n^vei the request that the whole of the Museum and Library building 
be dfeVoted to its legitimate purpose* 

On April 28, 1890, Dr. Matthews left the Musem for Fot't 
Wingate. 

On June 4, Dr. Hodge was appointed Anatomist, in place of 
Dr. Wortman, resigned. 

The following publications for 1890 were based more or 
less on work done at the Museum: 

By Dr. Lamb: "The olecranon perforation. " Am. Anthrop. , 
Wash., 1890, III, 159-174. Also cutting. 

"Case of lyit5)hadenoma. " Jour. Jam. Med- Assoc-, Chicago, 
1890, XV, 115. 

"Case of cerebral embolism and hemorrhage. " Ibid. , 116. 

"Case of cancer of stomach, cyst of kidney and pleuritic 
plate." Ibid,, 190- 

On Pebruary 25, 1891, Porter Tracy resigned. 

On May 2, Dr. Hodge was ordered to go to Boston, to Harvard 
Medical School, to study new methods of preparing specimens. 

Sometime during this month, a reception was given at the 
Museum to the American Medical Association. 

On April 17, a Mr. Erich Uittkugel, who headed his paper 
"Natural ista", and stated that he was making a collection of mammals, 
etc. for the Columbian Exposition, wrote from San Pedro Sula, Honduras, 



•105- 
to Dr. Billinga that he vfoiild collect fetal monkeys, (as w&s re- 
quested in the circular cf SepteEber 15, 1888, issued by the Army 
Medical l^isevcn), if he had the necessary glass ^axs. Accordingly, 
on May 15 a lot of glass Jars and a copper tank were sent to him. 
Then cams the subjoined letter of Janxiary 28, 1892, which is re- 
produced because o-f its phraseology. The alcohol was shipped to 
him, and April £3 he acknowledged its i'aceipt. Apparently nothing 
more was heard from him, 

Erich Wittkagel, 

Naturalista, ■ ' ' 

Cartas' Via New Orleans, La., U.S.A. 

San Pedro Sula, January 28, 1892, 
Repibll ca de Hondruas, C» Ai 

Dr. F. G. Billiiigs, Esq., 

Washixigton, D. C. 
Dear Sir: 

You most accuse that I did not send anything till to this 
time, bit it. is not my fault. Captain G. P. Cotton, who wanted to 
get me the free introduction of the alcohol and chemicals from our 
goveimment, is gene agaii\ without to do so. I hare ten boxes of 
mentioned thir.gs since the 4th of November in Puerto-Cortes and am 
waiting fcr the answer of my petition, which I sent up to Teguci- 
calpa in June. It ia against the law to import alcohol, otherwise 
I would pay the duty. I bought some alcohol here in the drug store 
but $3.50 the q,uart. 

I cm very sorry that you have to wait such a long time, but 
you can be sure to get a good collection as soon as possible. 

Yours very respectfully, . 

(Signed) Frich Wittkogel. 

The following publication in 1891 was based more or less 

on work done at the lilaseum: 

By Dr. J. M, Lanb i "The microscope in the Governnent work 
in Washington. " Proc. itoer. Soc. Microsc, , 1891, XIV, pp. 13-40. 
(This is the only known publication by Pr. J. M. Lamb.) 



-107- 

On Jvtne 8, 1892, spocimens were assembled to be sent to 
the Colombian Exposition at Madrid, Spain, They consisted of 
Indian crania and photographs. 

On J^3ly 16, through a change in the law, Br. D* S. Laob 
was appointed Pathologist of the liiseum and Dr. Gray Microscopist. 
Dr. Mew was appointed Chemist. 

The following publications of 1892 was based on work done 
at the Mosexm: 

By Dr. Lamb : "Osteomalacia. «» Jour. An. Med, Assoc. , 1892, 
XVIII, 188, Also reprint. 

At the World's Coltanbian Eicposition at Chicago, in 1893-317, 

the Musetaa was represented very much as at previous expositions; 

a model of a post hospital, in which were exhibited beds, hospital 

fomiture and supplies, specimens from the l&iseum and books from 

the Library. Hvi. Gray was for sometime on duty at this Exposition. 

On July 7, Major Walter Beed, U.S. Army, who was also on 

duty at the Exposition, was ordered to report to the Surgeon General: 

During the sianner, preparations were made for installing an 

Army Medical School in the I^eum building. 

On August 22, Walter %man. Supervising Surgeon General, Marine 

Hospital Service, turned over to the Army Medical Museum the following 

articles formerly belonging to the National Board of Health, azxl at 

that time stored In the National t&iseum: 2 desk«, 4 tables, 3 ivasb- 

stands, 2 hatraoks, 2 wardrobes, 1 case, 1 large revolving booketaaai, 

1 desk revolving bookstand, 20 chairs, 2 towel racks, 3 screens, 1 

Btepladder. These articles are still in the Army Medical lAiseum 

building. 



_ t108- 

On September 8, Dr. Reed was assigned to duty as Curator 
,of the Jfcseum, while Dr. Billings conti^ed to he Director of the 
Maseuni and Library. 

On October 17, some scrapings from the chair used by Presi- 
dent Lincoln at Ford's Theater in April, 1865. when he was shot 
by Booth, were examined by Dr. Gray, who reported that he found 
blood cells. This was 28 years after the tragedy. 

In October, 1893, the Army Medical School, which had been 
established by order of the Secretary of War, began its first ses- 
sion, 1893-94, in the Museum building, occupying parts of the first 
and third floors. 

In the Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences,. Volime I, 
1893, pages 189-236, were published the following papers: "Human 
bones of the Hemenway Collection in the U.S. Army Medical Musem, " 
by Washington Matthews, Surgeon, U.S.A.; and "Observations on the 
hyoid bones of the collection, '• by Dr. J. L. Wortman. The papers - 
were reports presented to the Academy, with the approval of the 
Surgeon General, U.S.A., by Dr. John S. Billings, Surgeon, -U.S.A. 
During the year the following were also published, based on 
Work done at the Muse\un: 

tolo^"? "SfsM^^riS""^" "Photc»icrosraph. of no.^1 Ms- 

iflQ-z i?^t®^■!^ microbe and its destruction." Am. Anthrop. , Wash.. 
iay3, VI, 15. Also, reprint. 

On May 31, 1894, Dr. Matthews was again assigned to duty at 
the I^sevon, 



-109- 

-Becember 10; letter of Dr. Billings to Dr. Williams Donally, 

Dentist, Wachixigton, saying thati 

"I have attempted in past years to call the attention of 
the dental profession to this institution (that is, the Army Med- 
ical B4iseum) as ono which they should endeavor to malce complete 
in all matters relating to the pathology and treatment of diseases 
of the teeth and jav;s so that it might be considered by them as 
their national collection of literature, specimens, apparatus, 
etc. to illustrate the history aixi condition of dentistry, just as 
other sections of the J^iseura and Library ara considered to be their 
national collections by the physicians, surgeons, and specialists 
of the country; and it appears to me that more definite, useful and 
permanent results can thus be obtained than are likely to follow 
frcan an attempt to create a new Musein and Library devoted exclus- 
ively to matters of interest to the dental profession." (See Dental 
Cosmos, Phila. , 1895, XXXVII, page 519). 

In December, 1894, Dr. Carroll w*ile working on a corps.e 
of a rabid dog, cut himself and as a precaxitionary measure went to \ 
the Pasteur Institute, New York City, for treatment. 

The following publications of 1894 were based more or less 
on work done at the Museum: 

By Dr. Lamb : "Medicolegal consideration of death by mechan- 
ical suffocation," In Witthaus and Becker's Medical Jurisprudence, 
Vol. I, 1894, pp. 705-791. 

•The female external genital organs: a criticism on current 
anatomical descriptions." Am. Gynec. and Obstet. Jour., 1894, N.Y., 
V, 105. Also reprint. 

An anonymous writer in an article entitled "The Army Medical 
Masetan at Washington, D. C", in the Western Medical and Surgical 
Heporter, St. Joseph, Missouri, 1894, VI, 30-34, gives some account 
of the surgical instruments in the lAiseum. 

On October 1, 1895, Dr. Billings, having been appointed 
professor of hygiene in the University of Pennsylvania., was retired 
from active service in the Army, and was therefore relieved from 
duty at the Museum and Library. 

On August 19, Lieut. Col.David L. Huntington, U.S.A., was 
appointed in charge of the Museum and Library. 



-110- 

On September 16, Dr. Williams Doiaially, dentist of Wash- 
ington, vifas one of a Committee of the Jimerican Dental Association, 
the object of which v?as to add to the dental exhibit in the Maeetsn. 
As a result of the efforts of this comoiittee the dental collection 
was much enlarged. 

On September 26, Dr. Matthews was relieved from duty at the 
Museum. 

On December 6, Dr. J. C. McConnell resigned from the Museum. 

The following publications this year were based more or less 
on work done at the Museum: 

By Dr* Lamb: "Primitive trephixiing inPeur. " Ifet. Med. Rev, 
Wash,, 1895-96, IV, 88. . 

"Polyorchism. Tubercle in trochanteric fossa." Proo. Assoc, 
Am. Anat. , 1895, VIII, 46. Also, reprint. 

By Dr. B. F, Pope, U.S. Army, and Dr. Lamb: "Mycetcana, the 
fungous foot of India." New York Med. Jour., 1896, LXIV, 386, Also, 
reprint. 

By Dr. Williams Dowaally: "An opportunity for a great national 
dental uniseum and library. " Trans. Am, Dental Assn. , 1895, page 134. 

On May 8, 1896, Col, Huntington, then Deputy Surgeon General, 
U.S.A., and in charge of the Muse-an and Library, read a paper before 
a union meeting of the Marylajid State and Washington City Dental 
Societies; title "The Anay Medical Museum and Library." After saying 
a good deal about the Library he said in substajice as follows about 
the Museum: 

"The American Dental Association at its thirty-sixth 2innual 
meeting had adopted a resolution formally recognizing the Museum and 
Library as the National Library and Museum of the Dental Profession 
in the United States. Dr. Huntington stated that ho would be happy 
to cooperate in forming a collection illustrating matters pertaining 
to dentistry. He said that to Drs. John H. Brinton, J.J« Woodward, 
George A. Otis, J. S. Billings, and others, were due its scientific 



_ -Ill- 

value and importance; each of these gentlemen having given time, 
care and learning in 'bmlding it up. Connected with the Museum 
were extensive pathological and hacteriological laboratories which 
served as important feeders to the main collection. As a store 
house of the results of military medicine and stirgery of thirty 
years ago it was probably the moat unique axid. valuable collection 
in the world, affording a curious and interesting comparative study 
of methods and treatment of that period with the advanced views 
and practice of to-day. Departing from its original limitation to 
military medicine and surgery, the I^useum had greatly extended its 
scope and included departments of human anatomy, osteology, phys- 
iology, embryology, pathology emd anthropology, with illustrations 
of the methods of research connected with all the brfiuiches of prac- 
tical medicine. The largest use of photography and micro-photog- 
raphy had been made, in illustrating tissues and structures of the 
human body. There were also models for the stvidy of veterinary 
medicine and surgery and some space was devoted to prosthetic 
apparatus, and to instruments and appliances used in the several 
departments of medicine and STorgery. In fact it was intended that 
the Maseian should effect through object teaching that which is 
secxired in the Library by written works and treatises, viz. , a 
thorough illustration of the science of medicine as it is found at 
the ptesent day. 

"Look through your private collections and separate such 
specimens as in your opinion would be appreciated by your dental 
brethren if placed where they could be seen and studied. Through- 
out this country there must be thousands of such specimens which 
if collected in one place would form an unrivaled exhibit, to say 
nothing of their value as a means of instruction to the student 
and investigator. " 

Dr. Huntington suggested donations of casts, photographs 
and" specimens of normal, morbid and anomalous dentition, of diseases 
of the maxillae and oral cavity, photographs and casts of surgical 
operations, prosthetic apparatus of all kinds used in dental work, 
new instruments and specimens of mechanical work and any miscellan- 
eous material which would lend an interest to the subject of dentis- 
try. All specimens shovild be accanpanied by a description and history 
of the case. Duplicates were needed for coo^jarison and exchange. 
Specimens need not be mounted. 



-112- 

The follovdng is axi extract from a letter of Dr. L. E. Eauter- 

"berg, addressed to the Senate Coinnittee on Vivisection: 

"It was my lot for a number of years to be engaged in the 
Microscopical Division of the Army Medical rAiseum, and I saw prac- 
ticed the most inh-jman a.nd tarbarous mutilations of the dumb animal, 
■under the supervision and with tlie sauiction of the United States 
officers in charge. A desired part or section of the animal would 
be removed, not under anesthesia, and the poor beast would be then 
placed back in its cage or vessel until it suited the convenience 
of the operator to help himself to another portion, so long as the 
animal would survive these tortures. I have thus seen animals with 
eyes, section of brain and other parts removed, and kept in reserve 
for future experiments for a number of days, and all for the veri- 
fication and repetition of results obtained and published years 
ago." 

On June 5, Dr. Walter Read, Curator of the Museum, wrote to 

Dr. McConnall, who had resigned from the Museian in December, 1895, 

as follows: 

"% Dear Doctor: I understood you to say that you were willing 
to testify that the statements made by Dr. C. A. Norton (L.E.Rauter- 
berg?) vdth regard to the cruelty practiced upon animals in the Army 
Medical Museum some years ago were false in every particular. Will 
you not oblige me by addressing either Dr. Huntington or myself a 
letter, stating that his assertions are false, that you were con- 
nected with the work and have every means for knowing that there 
was no foundation for his statements before the Senate Conmittee. " 

To Dr. Reed's letter Dr. MoConnell replied as follows: 

609 Third St., 

Washington, D. C, 
June 8, 1896. 

Surgeon Walter Reed, U. S. A., 

Curator, Army Medical lAuseum, 
Washington, D. C. 

Dear Sir: 

In reply to your letter of June 5, 1896, enclosing an 
extract from the Report of the Senate Committee on the District 
of Columbia on the subject of vivisection, I would say that a very 
wonderfully distorted, inaccurate and false description has been 



_ -113- 

given of work conducted at the Army I'tedical Maseian some twenty 
years ago. Those who were practically engaged in the Microscop- 
ical Division should know better than any one else the character 
of the work that was performed, and that all animals experimented 
upon were under the influence of an anaesthetic. One who was not 
in any manner connected with the Microscopical Division of the 
lAisevim, as was the case with Dr. L. E. Rauterberg, could draw upon 
his imagination very satisfactorily, and write a vivid description 
of what might have been done with animals, the remains of which he 
saw lander alcohol in specimen jars. I, however, testify that at 
no timfe during my connection with the Army Medical Musetan, from 
about 1870 to the end of the year, 1895, have any experiments been 
performed upon animals in which an anaesthetic was not used, unless 
some of the ordinary inoculation experiments, which are practically 
painless, nor were animals kept in a mutilated condition. 

Very r&spectfully, 
(ggd. ) Dr. J. C. McConnell. 

In view of this Senate investigation of vivisection, the 
Medical Society of the District of Columbia, passed resolutions, 
one of which invited the societies, colleges and bureaus in the 
District that were interested in the matter, to appoint delegates 
to form a conmittee to be known as the "Joint Conmission on Vivi- 
section" which would inquire into the practice of vivisection in 
the District and also represent before Congress the interested 
organizations. On this Commission Dr. Walter Reed, Curator of 
the Masetm, was appointed October 18th. 

The following publications this year were based more or 
leas on work done at the Moseum: 

Dr. Charles Smart, Major and Surgeon, U.S.A., in an article 
entitled "The Army Medical Masevm emd Library of the Surgeon Gen- 
eral's Office", published in the Jour. Mil. Service Inst- U.S., 
Governor's Island, N.T. Harbor, 1896, XIX, 288-299, gave a brief 
history and description of the Museum and Library and the building 
in which they are housed. 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of atheroma of aorta." Trans. Med, Soc. 
D.S., Washington, 1896, I, 35. 

"Case of hypertrophy of spleen. " Ibid. , 179. 

"Case of mxiltiple abscesses of liver and raesenterj'. " Ibid., 227. 



-114- 
1897. The following publications this year were based ipore 
or less on work done at the Musexm: 

By Dr. D, L, Huntington: "The Army Medical Library and 
IvAiseTOT. " Nat. Mod. Rev., Washington, 1897-98, VII, 66, 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of bilateral anchylosis of jaws." Med. 
Soc. D.C., Trans., Washington, 1897, II, 33. (Also Nat. Med. Rev., 
Washington, 1897-98, VII, 57. ) 

"Case of spina bifida. " Ibid. , 57. (Also Nat. Med. Rev. , 
1897-98, VII, 89.) 

"Case of hemorrhage and softening of brain. " Ibid. , 59. 
(Also Nat. Med. Rev,, 1897-98, VII, 91.) 

"Case of hemorrhage into spinal cord." Ibid., 151. (Also 
Nat. Med. Rev., 1897-98, VII, 233.) 

"Case of cancer of pancreas followed by dilatation of bile 
passages." Ibid., 170, (Also Nat. Med. Rev., 1897-98, VII, 268.) 

.r.^ ^ "^^® °^ recTorring cancer." Ibid., 185. (Also Nat. Med. Rev., 
1897-98, VII, 313. ) 

"Case of parasites in heart of dog," Ibid., 187. (Also Nat. 
Med, Rev. , 1897-98, VII, 288. ) 

"Precolumbian syphilis." Proc. "Assoc. Am, »nat. , 1897, X, 
63. Also, Reprint. Also Nat. Med. Hev. , 1897-98, VII, 234. 

On January 31, 1898, Dr. Huntington was relieved from duty 
in the I4iseum and Library and Col. Dallas Bache, U.S.A., was ap- 
pointed in charge. 

On April 25, the hovirs of duty at the Ivhiseum were extended 
from 4 to 5 p.m. for such employees as were on duty in connection 
with the preparations for the war with Spain. 

In May, a number of specimens were aent from the Museum to 
the TraaB-MissisBippi and International Exposition at Omaha, Ne- 
braska. 

On May 8, Indian crania, 2206 in number, were transferred 
from the Army Medical Museum to the U.S. National Musem. 

On I^y 22, Dr. Carroll was discharged as Hospital Steward, 
U.S.A., to be appointed as Acting Assistant S;irgeon. 

On June 1, Dr. Gray was ordered to report at once to Major 



-115- 
George H. Torney, Surgeon, U.S. A,, for duty on board the hospital 
ship "Relief." His duty was X-ray work. 

Godey's Magazine for 1898, pages 408-418, contained an arti- 
cle on the Museum "by Joanna R« Nichols Kyle. 

The Army Medical School did not hold a session in 1898-99, 
because of the War. 

October 17. Letter to the Surgeon General: 

"The contributions to this MuseiJm from the active theater 
of the recent war with Spain and from the extei^sive field of sub- 
sidiary operations, have been eo few and unin^ortant that it seems 
desirable to renew the attention of the medical officers to this 
important subject. The hurry and pecTiliar military conditions 
of the Santiago campaign and the amount of work Imposed upon Med- 
ical Officers in our large camps of instruction, would naturally 
obscure the more remote interests of the Museum, but from our 
large general hospitals and hospital ships and the more deli%'erate 
methods of our forces of occupation may well be demanded a return 
to the systematic collection of specimens illustrating the bone 
and tissue injuries produced by modern firearms and explosives 
and a careful preservation of such illustrations of disease as 
may be obtained from cadaveric examination. 

"As it will be necessary to add a guide to the preservation 
of specimens the following suggestions have been prepared: 

"Soft tissues are preferably placed in a 20 per cent solution 
of commercial formaldehyde (or formalin), the specimen being ccaft- 
pletely covered by the solution. The fluid on very soft tissue, 
or large masses of tissue, such as the liver, spleen, etc. should 
be changed after two or three days. VSfhen formalin is not obtain*- 
able, commercial alcohol may be used. Bones and Joints, after 
having been roughly cleaned, may be siiaply wrapped in a cloth wet 
with the preservation solution, and then again wrapped in oiled 
paper or silk. 

"Since glass and earthenware vessels are liable to be broken 
in transit, with escape of their fluid contents, and damage to the 
specimens, the use of tin vessels is recommended, the covers to be 
tightly soldered on. Whatever vessel is used should be packed in 
sawdust, excelsior packing, stiff paper or equivalent substitute, 
in a wooden box. Small dry specimens may be sent by mail; and wet 
specimens also if inclosed in the boxes which have been approved 
by the Post Office Department. 

"Specimens should be carefully numbered and a letter of 
infonnation forwarded to the Museum when the specimen is shipped; 



-116- 

the letter to contain the nomber of the specimen, a description 
of its nature and if possible its history. 

"In addition to the contributions specified, those enum- 
erated in Par. 147, Manual for the Medical Department, are espec- 
ially worthy of consideration, in view of the opportunities offered 
in our new territory. 

"Although Par. 1130, Army Regulations, provides for the 
transportation of all such contributions through the Quartermaster s 
Department, it should be known that if the importance of the object, 
or security, demands a more prompt delivery, the package may be 
shipped to the Curator of the Museum by express, the charges to be 
paid here. The receipt of any package will be duly acknowledged 
and credit given for the contribution." , tt o a 

Signed by Dallas Bache, Col. & Asst. Surgeon General, U.S.A., 
in charge of Museum and Library Division. 

1898. The following publications this year were based more 
or less on work done at the 14iseum: 

By Dr. Matthews: "Use of rubber bags in gauging cranial 
capacity." Am. Anthrop. , Wash., 1898, XI, 171. 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of cancer of stomach." Trans. Med. Soc. 
D.C., Wash., 1898-99, III. 

"Case of leontiaais ossea. " Ibid., 9. ^ ,,, , ,, j.., 90 

"Case of ovary of cow; ruptured Graff ian foUicle," Ibid., 28. 

"Case of pneumonia and acute pericarditis.' Ibxd. , d'd. 

"Case of thoracopagus." Ibid., 29. 

"Case of fibroma molluscum." Ibid., 70. 

"Case of aortic insufficiency." Ibid., 131. 

"Case of apoplexy; hemorrhage in thalamus opticus. "i^-.^^^. 

"Case of fracture of sesamoid bones of horse." Ibid., 1^3. 

"Case of ulcerative endocarditis." Ibid., 151. 

"Case of fatal needle punctvire of heart." Ibid., 152. 

"Case of hydrocephalus in a calf. " Ibid. , 167, 

"Case of occipital meningocele." IbiA. , 167. 

"Case of anencephaluB." Ibid., 168. 

"Case of arrest of development in f etMs. " Ibia. , iba. 

On March 11, 1899, the working hours of the Museum were re- 
stored from 5 to 4 p.m. 

On March 13, Dr. McConnell had been appointed a temporary 
clerk aM was this day recommended for promotion. 

On April 19, John S. Neate, Hospital Steward, U.S.A., was 
assigned to duty at the Museum. 



-117- 

On July 21, Col. Dallas Bache, U.S.A., in charge of the 

Muse-um and Library Division, wrote as follows to the Siorgeon 

General : 

"I have the honor to submit a report of the statistics aixi 
administration of the Museisn and Library Division for the fiscal 
year ending June 30, 1899. 

"Tables A and B will show the stfinding of the Museum and 
Library at the last annual report, the various additions made, and 
such deductions from the JAaseum collection as are due to discard- 
ing in^jerfeot specimens, or the transfer to other institutions 
of such material as was thought no longer desirable for the one 
but useful to the other. The section of Coinparative Anatomy axxL 
the provisional Section of Anatomy have been thus depleted and 
further transfer or retironent may prove desirable. 

"The question of space for the better acconmodation of the 
present holding of the I4iseum, as well as for additions, is one that 
is intruding itself, ajad some adjustment should be anticipated. 
Hoom may temporarily be gained by the further transfer of suitable 
material but this is likely to be absorbed by the rearrangement of 
specimens now overcrowded, so that some special and valuable ex- 
hibits, the instruments, medical medals, photographs and medical 
field equipment of cur own and foreign military services, will be 
either uj^jrovided for, or sxiffer from insufficient and unsuitable 
presentation. Of these the section of medical field equipment is 
particularly worthy of completion, but it cannot be acconmodated 
in the main lAiseum Ball, and rooms now assigned to other than Mur- 
seum purposes would bo required. 

'*The photographs, medals and instruments also in my Judgment, 
should be removed from the main hall and exhibited upon inquiry in 
separate rooms. 

"As the Musetsn is frequently sought by investigators in par- 
ticular lines, the preparation of a catalogue seems desirable, none 
having printed since 1866, trtien the number of specimens was compar- 
atively few, and a different classification followed. Such a cata- 
logue, although involving much labor, would, if distributed, make 
the extensive collection of this A&isevin widely known and available 
for students' 

"TOiile vpon the subject of enlarging or enqphasizing the pur- 
pose of the Museum it is proper to add that such a maintained pur- 
pose would require the entire time and effort of the Curator, and 
necessitate a prolonged service. 

"I hope to coi^plete a revision and a certain rearrangement 
of the various Museum exhibits during this calendar year." 

On October 4, 1899, Dr. W. G. A. Bonwill, dentist, Philadelphia, 

having died, his administratrix notified the Curator of the Museum 



-118- 
that Beawill had bequeathed hie collection of dental material to 
the Museum, but on conditions. These conditionB the Museum could 
not adcept. 

• On November 20, Sr.« Hodge, AiiatcTnist, sail«d for Haoalla 
with orders to obtain more especially specimens of shot ln^uri««i 
djraanter^, typhoid fever, malarial fever, the diseases of ■ the 
eoiintryi native medicines, poisons, instruments, weapons, speci- 
mens of native dentistry and crania. 

Pobllcatione 'this year, based more or less on work done 
at the Musetnt 

"By J. T. Arwine and D. S. Lamb: "A fifth case of fungous 
foot In Anerica. " An. Jour. Med. Sc. , Phila. , 1899, CX7IH, 1898- 
99. Also reprint. 

iBy Dr. Carroll: "Microscopical report upon a fifth case 
of fungous foot of India. " Ibid. , 395. 

^ Srs. Seed and Carroll : "Bacillus icteroides and bacillus 
cholerae mils. A prelikinary note." Med. News, Iliila. , 1899» ZJSXIV, 
613. 

By Dr. Lamb: "Cases of typhoid fever." Trans. Med. See* D.C. 
Wash., 1899, IV, 3. 

^Casea of tuberculosis." Ibid., 10. 

"Ceisee of typhoid fever j Splenic leidcemia; Pneumonia and 
Cancer of Pleura. " Ibid. , 23. 

"Cases of hydronephrosis. Congenital displacement of kidney, 
Mftlarl»l kidney, Atrophy of kidney, and Contracted kidney." Ibid., 51. 

"Cases of Cerebral hemorrhage. Congenital cyst of kidney, 
Cox)genltca diverticula of Colon, and Cerebro- spinal meningitis." 
Zbid.« 59. 

"Cases of contracted granular kidneys, Puerperal uterus 
axxi appendages with fatal peritonitis." Ibid., 78. 

"Case of dlvertlcultm of Meckel. " Ibid. , 106. 

"Cases of Myxoma of peritoneum, Pneunonia, Sarcoma of pros- 
tate gland and Tuberculosis, " Ibid. , 107. 

"Oases of fungtus foot of India. " Ibid. , 194. 

(kx January 6, 1900, Dr. Hodge had arrived in Manila. 
On February 15, Dr. Beed went to Havana, Cuba. 
On April S3, Col. B^e wias relieved from charge of Musetsa 
and Library, and on IcpxXl 2ii Kvas succeeded by Col. A. A< Woodhull, 



-11$- 

U. S, Army. 

On May 30, Dr. Hodge t&pbHed ktam Hkxiila. that he had col- 
lected a tiiimb^r of apeoiinens for the Museum and also a number of 
tissues for the laboratory of the Arnjy Medical School. He had 
attended all the autopsies at the First Reserve HospiteuL and by 
arrangement, himself made autopsies at the Leper Hospital and 
Morgue, when possible, and those at the Pest Hospital. 

On June 15, Hospital Steward Neate was relieved from duty 
at the I4iseum, to obey the order of the Mjutant General's Office 
of June 4 to proceed to Havana. 

On June 21, Drs. Reed and Carroll both went to Havana, Dr. 
Reed was President of the Board on Infectious Diseases in Cuba. 
Augvist 1 to 9, Dr. Reed returned. 

On September 7, the Report of the Boajd of Medical Officers 
appointed August 16, 1898, to investigate "the cause and extensive 
prevalence of typhoid fever in the various military camps within 
the limits of the United States, "' was completed and sent to the 
Surgeon Oeneral, The Board consisted of Dr. Reed as President, 
and Drs.iV. C, Vaughan, of the tJhiversity of Michigan, and E. 0. 
Shakespeare, of Philadelphia, both of them volunteer stargeons for 
the war with Spain. Dr. Reed says of Mr. C, J. Myers, the Chief 
Clerk of the Ii&iseum, that he gave "invaluable assistance for two 
i^ears in the preparation of tables, «ihart8» etc. " 

On September 28, Dr. Reed again went to Havana. On October 
14, he returned to the liaseum and again went to Cuba. 



-120- 

ilLoMt November 1, Dr. Hodge ret-ujfned to Washington. 

Gfa November 30, Capt. Frederick F. Ruseell, Asst. Surgeon, 
U,S«A», vas assigned to duty at the Museum. 

There was no session of the Army Medical School in 1900-01. 

Dr. Thomas C. Scnith of Washington read a Presidential address 
before the Washington Obstetrical and Gynecological Society of Wash- 
ington. .October 6, 1899, on the obstetrical and gynecological treas- 
tires 0^ the Amy Medical Museum (published in Am. Jour. Obat. , N.Y., 
1900. XLI, 57-83), in vfliich he invited particular attention to the 
specimejas of that class in the Museum. 

Riblications this year, based more or less on work done at 
the MuBetci: 

By Drs. Reed and Carroll: "A comparative sttdy of the biolog- 
ical characters and pathogenesis of Bacillus X (Sternberg), Bacillus 
Icteroides (Sanarelli), and Bacillus of Hog Cholera (Salmon and Snith)." 
Jour, Exper. Med. , N.Y^ , 1900, V, 215-270, 

By Dr. Lamb: "Mythical Monsters, with discussion by Miss J.O. 
Hall and Mr. F. A. Lucas." Am, Anthrop. , N.Y., 1900, II, 277-291. 
Also cutting. 

"Case of vegetative endocarditis." Trans. Med. Soc. D.C, 
Wash., 1900, V, 9, 

"Case of femoral hernia. " Ibid. , 19. 

♦•Case of retroperitoneal myxoma. " Ibid. , 65. 

"Macroscopic pathology of tuberculosis." Ibid., 67. 

"Case of cancer of breast followed by aarooma of brain ai*i 
l\aags, and tuberculosis of lungs, and cases of tuberculosis." Ibid.ip 
95. 

"Case of tuberculosis. " Ibid. , 128. 

"Case of pregnancy after tying both Fallopian tubes." Ibid., 
131. 

On February 9, 1901, Dr. Eaed left Havana for Washington. 

On April 13, Col. Woodhull was retired from service by reason 
of age limit and was relieved from the charge of the lAiseua and 
Library. He was succeeded by Col. Calvin DeWitt, U.S.A. 



-121- 
Jane 4 to 7. Some specimens were sent to the meeting of 
the American Medical Association at St. Paul, Minn. 

On Jvme 23, Dr. H.\rry Friedenwald of Baltimore, Maryland, 
in a letter to the Curator stated that at the meeting of the ^er- 
Ican Medical Association at St. Paul, a resolution was adopted 
"by the Ophthalmic Section requesting the Surgeon General to arrange 
a permanent historical exhibit of ophthalmoscopes at the Musetan. 
Dr. DeWitt corresponded with those physicians who had loaned oph- 
thalaoecopes at the meeting for exhibition, and in return received 
some instnsnents; the other persons declined to give or loan their 
instrtanents to the Museum. 

Preparations were made to reopen the Athqt Medical School in 
October. 

There was an exhibit from the lAaseum at the Buffalo Scposition. 
Publications in 1901, based more or less on work done at the 
Museum: 

By Drs. Reed, Carroll and iig«amonte: "Experimental yellow 
fever." Amer. Medicine, Phi la. , 1901, II, 15. 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of amputation of leg for gangrene." Trans. 
Med. Soc, Wash. D.C., 1901, VI, 5. 

"Case of gunshot fracture of lower jaw of dog," Ibid., 16. 

"Case of congenital bilateral hydronephrosis." Ibid., 56. 

"Case of goiter and enlarged heart." Ibid., 69. 

"Case of hemorrhage into dura mater. " Ibid. , 69. 

"Case of hemorrhage into thalanrus; hemianesthesia." Ibid, ,95. 

"Case of bone removed from brain 43 years after injury. " Ibid. , 
126. 

"Case of typhoid fever." Ibid., 139. 

"Case of pyosalplnx and punilent pericarditis." Ibid., 139. 
"Case of double human monster." Ibid., 139. 
"Case of endocarditis." Ibid., 139. 
"Liver in yellow fever." Ibid., 147. 
"Case of laninitis in a horse." Ibid., 147. 
"Case of meningitis, a sequel to pneumonia and endocarditis." 
Ibid,, 148. 



— -122- 

'■Case of aneurysm of arch of aorta. " Ibid. , 168. 

"Case of primary cancer of psmcreas and secondary cancer 
of liver." Ibid., 199, 

"Case of cancrum oris. " Ibid. , 233. 

"Case of cystic tumor." Ibid., 273, 

"Case of fibrous pneumonia and pleurisy." Ibid., 273. 

"Case of hematosalpinx and calcareous pleuritic plates." 
Ibid., 326. 

"Munmification, especially of the brain. " Am. Anthrop. , 
Wash., 1901, III, 294-307. Also cutting. 

"Spiculum of bone from shot fracture of skull which rested 
against the brain." New York Med. Jour., 1901, LXXIV, 213. A^so, 
Reprint. 

On April 30, 1902, forty specimens showing tuberculosis were 
sent to the Tuberculosis Congress, N.Y. City Meeting, May 14-16. 

On September 19, Dr. Mew, Chemist to the Surgeon General's 
Office, died of tuberculosis. Dr. Hodge was afterwards appointed 
Chemist. 

On November 1, Dr. Reed was assigned to duty temporarily as 
Librarian in addition to his other duties. Dr. Carroll was made 
Assistant Ciirator. 

On November 23, Dr. Reed died. 

On December 3, Dr. McConnell was assigned to duty in the Musetsn 
as Anatomist. 

The following publications in 1902 were based more or less 
on work done at the Museum: 

By Dr. W. C. Eorden, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A. "The use of the 
Soentgen ray by the Medical Department, U.S. Army, in the war with 
Spain (1898). "■ Washington, Government Printing Office, 1902. 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of pneiamonia with right side endocarditis." 
Wash. Med. Aanals, 1902-03, I, 63. 

"The 'Buchhold' anatomical £ind pathological specimens." Ibid., 
66. 

"Case of chronic internal hydrocephalus." Ibid., 144. Also, 
Reprint. 



-123- 

"Tvvo cases of cerebral hemorrhage and one of cerebral memin- 
gitisj (Diplococc\is lanceolatus)." Ibid., 248. Also reprint. 

"Case of congenital stenosis of pvamonary valve." Ibid., 307. 

"Army Medical Museum ophthalmoscopes." Ibid., 185. 

"Two cases of typhoid fever. " Ibid. , 310. 

By Drs. Lamb and W. C. Woodward: "Two cases of subcapsulax 
hepatic Jiemorrhage in the newborn." Ibid., 113. 

"Qnphalopague. " Ibid., 487. 

"Case of hemorrhage in left lenticular nucleus with left 
palpebral ptosis; otherwise right hemiplegia. Origin probably 
embolic." Ibid., 432. 

In 1903, specimens from the Musexim were sent to the exposition 
at New Orleans. 

On July 3, Dr. Carroll was appointed Curator of the Museum. 

On July 20, Col. DeWitt was relieved from duty as Director 
of Museum and Library, and Col. C. L. Heizmann, U.S.A., succeeded 
him. 

Letter of Dr. Washington Itlatthews to Col. Heizmann, December 
21, 1903: 

"When the large collection of human crania and skeletons 
was removed to the U.S. National Museum from the Army Medical 
Museum, a number of normal slrolls and skeletons, two imperfect 
brains and the anthropometric apparatus devised by me as well 
as the Topinard set were, at my suggestion, kept back. I beg 
that all this material be sent now to the National Museum, since 
it fonas part of the series already there. I shall not be able 
to take Tap anthropometric work again, aJid the National Museum 
can use the material to a great advantage. This recommendation 
is made the more cheerfully, since Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, the distin- 
guished physical anthropologist, is now in cheo-ge of that division 
in the National ^Alseum, and can utilize as well as care for the 
material mentioned. I would also beg you to give or lend the 
notes that I prepared on these specimens to the National Museun, 
to enable the Curators to complete and preserve the records. 
I\irther information in regard to this matter can be given by Dr. 
Lamb, the pathologist of the Museum, Mr. Myers, the chief clerk, 
or by myself. " 

This letter was favorably endorsed by Col. Heizmann and forwarded 

to the Surgeon General, vAio returned it with approval; 621 speci- 

mons were sent in January, 1904. 



_ -124- 

The folloY/ing publications in 1903 were based more or less 
on work done at the Museim: 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of syphilitic ulceration and stricture 
of rect\an; gonorrheal tubo-ovarian cyst," Wash. Med. Annalsi 1903- 
04, II, 110. 

"Case of amyloid liver and spleen in ulcerated pulmonary 
tuberculosis. " Ibid. , 184. 

"Two cases of pachymeningitis hemorrhagica interna. " Ibid. , 
191. 

"Case of endothelial sarcoma of urinary bladder. " Ibid. , 203. 

"Ectopic pregnancy; analysis of 33 cases." Ibid., 328. Also 
Reprint. 

"Two cases of cerebral hemorrhage." Ibid., 333. Also Reprint. 

"Some reminiscences of post mortan work. " Ibid. , 383-398. 
Also Reprint. 

On January 11, 1904, the hours of work at the Muaeian were 

extended from 4 p.m. to 4.30 p.m. 

On JAiiuary 20, six boxes of specimens were loaned to the 

Tuberculosis Exposition of Marylai^. 

On July 25, Dr. McCoimell died. 

On August 11, Mr. N. D. Brecht was temporarily appointed 
Anatomist. 

On December 12, Dr. D. J. Healy was appointed Anatomist and 
assigned to duty in the Museum. 

The following publications in this year were based more or 
less on work done in the Museum: 

"Report on the Origin and Spread of Typhoid Fever in U.S. 
Military Can^js during the Spanish War of 1898. "• By Walter Reed, 
Victor C. Vavighan, smd Edward 0. Shakespeare. 2 Vols. Washington, 
Governnent Printing Office, 1904. 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of pachymeningitis hemorrhagica interna 
following injury." Wash. Med. Ann., 1904-05, III, 10. 

"Case of cerebral hemorrhage of ten weeks standing. " Ibid. , 52. 

"Case of hypertrophy of heart due to interstitial nephritis." 
Ibid., 81. 



-125- 

"Case of raaltipl^ subperl cardial hemorrhages." Ibid., 81. 

"Parasites in heart of dog. " Ihid. , 82. 

"Anny Medical lAisevim. " Ibid. , 150. 

"Three cases of endocarditis, in two of which there wSs also 
pericarditis. " Ihid. , 186, Also, Reprint. 

"Some brain weights in the negro race." Amer. Anthrop. , Wash,, 
1904, VI, 364. Also cutting. 

"Case of congenital syphilis." Wash. Med. Annals, 1904-65, 
III, 270. Also reprint. 

"Case of osteo-arthritis of knee Joint of long standing. " 
Ibid., 275. Also reptint. 

"Case of human ischiopagus." tbid. , 276. Also, Reprint. 

"Case of tvimors of liongs, probably cancerous." Ibid., 264. 

"Case of malignant adenoma of pancrfeas causing pressure on 
pancreatic and common bile ducts and their tributaries. " Ibid. , 284. 

"Case of malarial spleen, " Ibid. , 286. 

"Case of double ureter. " Ibid. , 286, 

"Capitatum secundari\jn. " Ibid., 3Bl. Also I'leprint. 

"Case of chronic nephritis." Ibid., 366. 

"William Mamel Mew. 1835-l9b2. Obituary." Proc. Wash. Ac^. 
Sci., 1903-04, V, 401-2. 

"Case of chronic inflairmation bf larynx." Wash. Med. AnnalSj 
1904-05, III, 446. 

On Iferch 22, 1905, C.J* Myers^ Chief Cletk of Museum, died. 

May 25, circular letter to sTirgeons of Washington, D.C: 

Dear Sir: 

It gives me pleasure to infonn you that the Army 
Medical Museian is now prepared to accept tumors and other i)atho- 
logical specimens of interest and preserve them after the method 
of Kaiserling, which is intended to retain the natural coloring. 
The necessary solutions are ready at all times smd if you will 
kindly favor us with any specimen that you may regard of sufficient 
interest it will be carried through and you will be free to use it 
for the purpose of exhibition at meetings, etc. To insure success 
the specimen shoxild be sent immediately after its removal and before 
it has become dried or has been inmersed in any fluid. 

In the absence of the Curator, any specimens turned over to 
Dr. Healy, the Anatomist, will be properly cared for." 

(Signed) James Carroll, 

Cvirator, 

[Remark^ The Pathologist of the Maseum had been using the 
Kaiserling process ever since it was brought to the attention of 
preparators of specimens (1899), so that there was nothing really 
new in the circular, except the asslgnnent of the Anatomist Instead 
of the Pathologist to receive pathological material.] 



_ -126- 

On September 7, Dr. Hodge was transferred to the Museran and 
Library Division. 

The following publications in 1905 were based more or less 
on work done at the Museum: 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of pseudohermaphroditism in a pig." Wash. 
Med. Annals, 1905-06, IV, 46. Also, Reprint. 

"Case of anomalies of urino-genitals and rectum in 7 months 
fetus, mainly hypertrophy of bladder. " Ibid., 48. Also, Reprint. 

"Case of cheesy tubercular mesenteric and retroperitoneal 
glands in adult." Ibid., 349. Also, Reprint. 

"Case of tubercvilar meningitis in an adult." Ibid., 351. 
Also, Reprint. 

"Case of acute yellow atrophy of liver." Ibid., 354, Also, 
Reprint. 

"Case of diphtheria of air passages; death by asphyxia." 
Ibid., 359. Also, Reprint. 

"Case of croupous penumonia and pericarditis." Ibid., 47. 
Also, Reprint. 

On February 8, 1906, the following classification of specimens 
(not however complete) was adopted. It was made by Dr. Carroll and 
Dr. Healy and was based largely if not entirely -aporx that used in 
the Pathological Laboratory of McGill University, Montreal, Canada; 
ARRANGEMENT AHD CLASSIFICATION OF MUSEUM. 

The arrangement shall be in four main systems, viz., 

1. General Pathology 3, Regional Pathology 

2. Special Pathology 4. Miscellaneous. 

The classification shall consist of a major or anatomical 
classification, represented by the uziits 1-0 placed on the left 
of the decimal point, and a minor or pathological classification 
represented by the units 1-0 placed on the right of the decimal 
point. The miscellaneous system being represented by the double 
- thus 00 - placed on the left of the decimal point, and its 
subdivisions by the units 1 to placed on the right of the decimal . 
point. The normal anatomical units will be represented by the 
simple units, each specimen being indicated by a email index figure 
placed at the upper and right side of the unit, thus a normal heart 



-127- 

would be xiumbered 12 . One staniing for the circulatory system, 
two for the heart , and the index figure^ for the individual spec- 
imen. The pathological lesions will be represented by the units 
1 to placed on the right of the decimal point. Thus a per- 
sistent fetal structure in the heart would be numbered 12.11^, 
the .1 standing for abnormalities and .11 for persistent fetal 
structures. The comparative anatomy specimens will be indicated 
by a small index figure placed to the left and below the anatom- 
ical tonits. Thus the heart of a cow would be numbered 1121, the 
small index number to the left indicating the order maxanalia. 
The contributed photographs will be indicated by placing the 
small index figure used for the individual photograph to the 
right and below the descriptive number. Thus a photograph of a 
specimen of persistent fetal structure in the heart would be num- 
bered thus., 12,.11]_., 

The ma.lor or anatoroi cal classification is as follows ' 

!• Circulatorv System : 

11. Pericardium 

12. Myocardium 

1 3 . Endo card ium 

14. Heart as a whole 

15. Arteries 

16. Veins 

17. Capillaries 

18. Blood 

19. LyTirphatic vessels 

2. Respiratory System : 

21. Nares 

22. Larynx and Trachea 

23. Bronchi 

24. Lungs 
35. Pleura, 

3. Digestive Svst^ : 

31. Teeth 

32. Mouth, tongue, salivary glands, &c. 

33. Pharynx and esophagus 

34. Stomach 

341. Stomach contents 

35. Intestine 

351. Small intestine 

352. Appendix and cecum 

353. Large intestine 

354. Rectum 

355. Intestinal contents. 
35, Peritoneum, Mesentery. 

37. Liver. 

38. Gallbladder, bileduets. 

39. Pancreas. 



_ -128- 

4. L.vnrphatic System and Ductless Glands '• 

41. Special lymphatic glands 

42. Thymus gland 

43. Thyroid gland 

44. Spleen 

. 45^ Suprarenale, 

5. Urogeni tal System ? 

51. Kidney 

52. Ureter . 

53. Bladder 

54. Urethra 

541. Contents of urinary system. 

55. Penis 

56. Prostate 

57. Seminal vesicles, vas deferens and cord, 

58. Testes, epididymis and tunica vaginalis. 
, 59, Scrotum 

6. Female Generativ<y System : 

61. Vulva 

62. Vagina 

63. UterUs 

64. Tubes 

65. Ovaries 

66. Broad ligament 

67. Mamma 

68. Gravid uterus 

69. Ovum 

691. Membranes 

692. Placenta 
. 693. Fetus 

7. Nervous System .' 

71. Dura Mater 

72. Pia mater 

73. Brain 

74. Medulla and pons 

75. Spinal cord 

76. Nerves 

77. Sympathetic system 

78. Eye 

. 79.. Ear 

8. Tegumentarv asi Mgscular Systerofl ; 

81. Skin 

82. Hair 

83. Nails 

84. It&iscles and fascia 

85. Cellular tissue.. 

9. Osseous and Articular Systems: 

91. Bones of the cranium 

92. Bones of the face 

93. Vertebrae 

94. Sternum 



-129- 

95? Ribs 

96. Bones of upper extremity 

961. Scapula 

962. Clavicle 

963. Shoulder Joint 

964. Htanerus 

965. Elbow joint 

966. Bones of forearm 

967. Wrist-Joint and Joints of hand 

968. Bones of hand 

97. Pelvis 

971. Os Innominatum 

9711. Ilitm 

9712. Ospubis 

9713. Tschium 

98. Bones of lower extremity 

981. Hip Joint 

982. Femur 

983. Knee-joint 

984. Bones of leg 

9841. Pajtella 

9842. Tibia 

9843. Eibula 

985. Joints of ankle and foot 

986. Bones of foot. 

99. Skeleton as a whole 

9D.. Fragments of bone 
0. Regional i 

01. Head 

02. Face 

03. Neck 

04. Trunk 

041. Thorax 

042. Abdomen 

043. Pelvis 

05. Upper extremity 

06. Lower extremity 
00. Miscellaneous 

001. Microscopes 
002. Weapons and missiles 
003. Transportation and care of sick 
004. Instrvments and Materia Medica 
005. Anthropology 
... 006, Unclassified. 
The minor or T&tholocical classification is as follows i 

I- Abnormal it is if ; 

12. Teratomas 

13. Miscellaneous. 



-130- 

.2 Circulatory Distur'bances ' 

(Abnormal distribution of 
blood and lymph. ) 

.21 Anemia 

.22 Hyperemia 

.23 Hemorrhage 

.24 Thrombosis 

.25 ESnbolism 

•26 Infarction 

.27 Edema 
.3 Inflananations ' 

.31 Parenchymatous degeneration or cloudy swelling 

.32 Cellular or catarrhal or desquamation 
.4 Infections and Parasites : 

.41 Pyogenic cocci 

.42 Bacilli 

.43 Spirilla 

.44 Yeasts and moulds 

.45 Protozoa 

.46 Vermes 

.47 Vermes 

.48 Arthropods 
.5 Granvilomas and General Diseases ? 
.6 Progressive changes : 

.61 Regeneration 

.62 Hypertrophy 

.63 Histioid tumors 

.64 Histioid tumors 

.65 Sarcoma 
.7 Retrogressive changes . 

. 71 Atrophy simplu 

. 72 Ulceration and abscess formation 

.73 Perforation and rupture due to disease. 

.74 Dilation due to disease 

.75 Stenosi% due to disease 

.76 Calculus formation. 
.8 Wotinds and In.1uries 

.81 Wounds, inciser 

.82 Ruptures and lacerations 

.83 Fractures 

.84 Gunshot fractures 

.85 Dislocations 

. 86 Foreign bodies 

.87 Abortion 
.9 Specific Artefacts : 

Mechanical Lesions. 
.0 General Su pplementary. 



-131- 



1. 


Mammalia 


2. 


Ave 8 


3. 


itophibia 


4. 


Pisces 


5. 


Insecta 


6. 


Vermes 




. 83 Gvmshot wotmda and fractiares 




.831 Contusions. 




. 832 Lacerations. 




. 833 Perforations. 




.834 Fractures, 




.8341 Partial Fracture. 




.83411 TisBured. 




.83412 Grooved. 




.83413 Pond. 




.83414 Gutter. 




.83415 Penetrating without fisatire. 




.83416 Penetrating with fissure. 




.8:<417 Perforating without fissure. 




.83418 Perforating with fissure. 




.8342 Complete Fracture. 




.83421 Transverse, 




.83422 Oblique. 




.83423 Longittdinal. 




.83424 Comminuted. 




.83425 Double. 




.8343 United Fracture. 




. 83431 Fair Union. 




. 83432 Faulty Union. 




.83433 Non-ttiion. 



Scheme of Arrangement of Inatruroents and Apparatus. 



1. Transportation; as ambulances, litters, stretchers, etc. 

2. Hospital equipment; beds, bedding, portable baths, Bcreens, 

_ stands, etc. 

3. Operating room equipment; (not including instninents); tables, 
\ stools, etc. 

4. Apparel equijment of surgeon, assistants and nurses; gowns, 
_ aprons, gloves, etc. 

5. diagnosis; instruments of precision; including Anthropometry. 

6. Sterilization of Instruments and appliances, mechanical, chem- 

- . ical, thermal. 

7. Anesthesia. 

8. Hypodermic medication. 



-132C 

9. Deep injection apparatus. 

10. TranafTision anl intravenous injection. 

11. Paracentesis. 

12. Cauterization. 

13. To increase or diminish heat. 

14. Bloodletting and cupping. 

15. Counter-irritation. 

16. General operative work; knives, forceps, retractors, etc., etc. 

17. General operating cases. 

18. Pocket cases. 

19. Military surgery; first aid jsackages, pouches, chests, bullet 

probes, etc. , etc. 

20. Surgery of respiratory apparatus; 
Artificial respiration. 

Nose and naso-pharynx. 
Larynx and trachea. 
Lung and pleura. 

21. S\irgery of Digestive apparatus. 
Mouth & Throat. 

Dentistry, with cases. 

Oesophagus. 

Stomach. 

Intestines including Becttun. 

Hernia, 

22. Laparotomy. 

23. Surgery of Kidneys. 

24. Surgery of Bladder and Urethra; with cases. 

25. Surgery of Male Generative; with cases. 

26. Gynecology; with cases. 

27. Surgery of Bones and Joints; with cases. 

28. Ophthalmological surgery; with cases. 

29. Otological surgery; with cases. 

30. Obstetrical surgery; with cases. 

31. Fractures and Dislocations. 

32. Plastic surgery, as skin grafting and harelip work. 

33. Orthopedic, 

34. Prosthetic. 

35. Electro- therapeutics. 

36. Photo-therapeutics. 

37. Post mortem work. 

Under the head "Diagnosis" the following: 



1. Microscopes and accessories. 

2. Examination of blood, and pulse; as hemometers, hemocytometers, 

hemoglobinometers, etc. 
.■3. Z^4^aexie^torgi■f , sphygmometers, Sphy^ogrB.-phB, 



__ -133- 

4. Respiration appliances, as tape measures, stethometers, cyrto- 
meters, spirometers, manometers, stethoscopes, phonendoscopes, 
percussion haianers, pleximeters, etc. 

5. Exploring needles ani trocars, 

6. Aesthesiometers. 

7. Urinary analysis. 

8. Bacteriology. 

9. Location of cerebral fissures ; etc. 

10, Anthropometry including dynamometers, calipers, measures of 
height, etc. 

I>r. Healy was instructed to rearrange the specimens in the 
Museum. On July 25, he Twas informed by the Curator, Dr. Carroll, 
that it was the desire of the Officer in charge of the Musetan and 
Library that the rearrangement and classification should be expe- 
dited. To this Dr. Healy replied explaining vrtiy the work did not 
proceed faster, and among other things mentioned that he was subject 
to interruptions, the moat serious of which was that he was required 
to receive, prepare, mount and record pathological tissues received 
at the Museum, and that this work was the duty of the Pathologist, 
who had done it for forty odd years and vrtiose ability to continue 
it was thorotaghly established. 

About April 23, Col. Haizmam was succeeded by Col. Valery 
Havard, U.S.A., in charge of the J&aseum and Library. 

September 6. Letter of Dr. Lamb to Col. V. Havard, Asst. Surg. 
General, U.S.A. J 

"In response to your request a short time ago that I make 
suggestions concerning the Wbseun classification, I have the honor 
to state: When I was assigned to duty in the Museum in 1865 Jjhe 
specimens were under the care respectively of Dre. Otis and Woodward, 
the surgical and anatomical under Dr. Otis, the medical and Sicro- 
Bcopical under Dr. Woodward. On the medical side the classification 
was quite simple, each specimen being classed under the organ which 
was mainly involved. On the surgical side the classification was a 
little more complex. 



_ -134- 

"About the year 1885 after Dr. Billings was appointed in 
charge of both Museum and Library a new classification was adopted, 
which was complex in this, that specimens were classed both by organs 
ani regions. The objection to this was that while under the former 
classification the disease or injury and organ involved indicated 
approximately where the specimen could be fcnxai without the neces- 
sity of examining the record; under the second classification there 
was always a possibility of the specimen being in one of two places. 
This objection was especially emphasized by Dr. Woodhull when he 
became the Director of the lAiseum and Library, because to him had 
been assigned the duty of preparation of the Surgical Catalogue of 
the Museum in 1866. 

"Dr. Reed, who was made Curator of the Museum in 1893, was 
given so many duties that he was able to give only limited atten- 
tion to Museum matters, and very much of the Museum work fell on 
me, as it had indeed many times before, especially during the ill- 
ness of Dr. Woodward. The development of bacteriology had brought 
me to the conclusion that the classification needed revision, and 
with Dr. Reed's approval I proceeded to make the following change. 
My conclusion was reinforced by the fact that physicians who wished 
to consult the Musevim specimens almost invariably asked to see 
specimens that showed some particular condition. For instance: 
What have you here that shows syphilis? The answer under the second 
classification would require looking for specimens in twenty or more 
different places, although the actual number of specimens of venereal 
diseases was not large. 

"My proposition was to collect together in one place all speci- 
mens illustrating any one disease of bacteriological or zoological 
origin, the subarrangement being according to the organ involved. 
Tuberculosis was well represented; all the specimens were collected 
ajid rearreinged as I have indicated. It happened that I had just 
finished the arrangement of the tuberculosis specimens when there 
was a sort of Tuberculosis Congress called to meet at Baltimore, 
and a request was made of the Stirgeon General that the subject be 
illustrated there by specimens loaned from the Army Medical Museum. 
The request was granted and a consnittee from the Congress came to 
the Jiaseum, looked over the specimens and made selection. It was 
a matter of but a few minutes to do this because the specimens were 
together. Previously it would have required looking tip specimens 
in twenty or more places. 

"I followed the same plem with typhoid fever, leprosy, plague, 
scarlet fever, and some other diseases, and then took embryology, 
collecting all the specimens, both human and comparative, that 
illustrated this subject. Following this came the malformations 
and monstrosities, human and con^jarative, all except a few minor 
conditions in individual organs, that it seemed better to retain 
under the organs themselves. The arrangement was according to 
Hirst and Piersol. To malformations was appended the specimens of 
ectopic gestation. 



-135- 

"Then came the animal parasites, arranged according to 
Railleti and the diseases caused by them; and next the higher 
r6rms of vegetable parasites and the diseases caused by them. 

"A dental collection was also made, including therein the 
anatomy of the jaws and teeth, hianan and comparative. This col- 
lection has been much approved by the dentists. 

"I also made a collection of prehistoric morbid anatomy, 
more especially of the mound builders. 

"About this time Dr. Carroll took charge and my work in 
this direction ceased. Of the classification adopted by him I 
know but little, and the only suggestion I can make would be 
simply a plea for simplicity and against complexity. 

"With regard to the specimens of comparative osteology 
which you mentioned in our conversation, I would suggest that 
a small representative series be preserved for reference and the 
remainder be disposed of. Most of the specimens are crudely pre- 
pared as compared with the similar collection in the National Mu- 
seum, and from what I have been told I doubt whether these speci- 
mens covild be used for exchange purposes as you suggested. They 
have however a teaching value ax^ would be acceptable doubtlsss 
to colleges. " 

October 12 aJid 29. A number of specimens were donated to 

the University of Nebraska. 

The following publications were based more or less on work 

done at the Muse\mt 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of alcoholic hypertrophic cirrhosis of 
liver and kidneys." Wash. Med. Annals, 1906-07, V, 14. 
"Three cases of tuberculosis." Ibid., 163. 
"Case of chronic valvular disease of the heart," Ibid., 300. 
"Case of invagination of bowel. " Ibid. , 407. 
"Case of strangulated inguinal hernia." Ibid., 408. 
"Case of dissecting aJieurism of arch of aorta." Ibid., 408, 

On February 6, 1907, Mr. David 0. Floyd was assigned as Prin- 
cipal Clerk of the Museum Section, Museum and Library Division, by 
order of the Surgeon General. 

In May, a series of 1638 specimens was donated to the McGill 
University, Montreal, Canada, the Museum of v*ich had been destroyed 
by fire April 16. 



-136- 

•''■neciraens of historical instruments and photomicrographs 
were loaned to the American Medical Association at the meeting 
at Atlantic City, N.J., June 4 to 7. 

Ahout August 1, Dr. Healy resigned. 

On August 18, 36 specimens of Comparative Anatomy were do- 
nated to the Medical Department, Howard. University, Washington, 
D. C. 

On September 16, Major Carroll died. Major F. P. Russell, 
U.S.A., became Curator. 

On December 13, a large number of transportation appliances 
were discarded. 

On December 23, Dr. J. S, Neate, Hospital Steward, U.S.A., 
was appointed Anatomist and assigned to duty at the Mus«'«m. 

The following publications in 1907 were based more or less 
on worB: done at the Museum: 

By Dr. Lamb: "Gases of ectopic pregnancy." Wash. Med. Annals, 
1907-08, VI, 50, 

"Case of gangrene of appendix with diphtheritic ileo-colitig. " 
Ibid. , 145. 

"Two cases of pnermonia. " Ibid. , 170, 

"Case of canoe* of stomach. " Ibid. , 170. 

"Case of aneurism of arch of aorta rupturing externally 
through an abscess. Persistent left superior vena cava." Ibid. ,207. 

"Case of acute thyroiditis." Ibid., 243. 

"Case of coal miner's liing with cancer nodules." Ibid., 244. 

"Noises of cities." Ibid., 251. 

"Case of hovir-glass contraction of stomach." Ibid,, 321. 

"Case of double ureter." Ibid., 321. 

"Case of amebic dysentery with abscess of liver." Ibid,, 354. 

"Case of Viavi treatment." Ibid., 372. 

"Case of cancer of stomach. " Ibid. , 531. 

fe May, 1908, the Bureau of Education, Washington, asked 
concerning facilities for advanced study and research in the 
Medical Musevun. Reply J- The Museum was open to the public; physicians 



__ -137- 

and others, within certain limits, were given access to Kiisetan 
specimens, workrooms and laboratories for making special re- 
searches. Specimens were also loaned for exhibition at Expo- 
sitions and Congresses. 

During the svmmer Dr. J. R. Barber, 1st Lieut., U.S.A., 
acted as Curator during the absence of Dr. Russell. 

A series of wet specimens was donated to the Baltimore Med- 
ical 6bllege. 

A series of specimens of tubei-culoeis and 12 photographs 
of tuberculous lungs were loaned to the Texas Anti tuberculous 
Association, and afterwards loaned to the International Congress 
of Tuberculosis in New York City, November, 1908 to January, 1909. 

The following publications in 1908 were based more or less 
on work done at the Museum: 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of solitary kidney; uretero-pyelo-nephritis, 
and syphilitic contraction and atrophy of liver," Wash. Med. Annals, 
1908-09, VII, 27, 

"Perkins metallic tractors." Ibid., 167-174. Also reprint. 

"Case of epithelioma of uterus." Ibid,, 370. Also reprint. 

"Adipocere 96 years aSter death." Ibid., 384. Also reprint. 

"Gallstones; analysis of 61 cases." Ibid., 429. 

In December, 1909, Col. Havard was succeeded by Col. Louis 
A, LaGarde, U,S,A. , in charge of the 8&iseum and Library. 

In the Report of the Surgeon General for the fiscal year 
1908-09, p, 154, is a statement of the examinations made in the 
laboratory of the I4iseum; 1436 examinations in typhoid cases, in 
some detail. Also the work done in the Clinical Laboratory, 

The following publications in 1909 were based more or less on 



_ -138- 

work done at the MaseumJ 

ly Dr. Neate : "The etiology and pathology of bilateral 

polycystic degeneration of 3d.dneyB if -Am. Jour. Obstet, . N.Y. 
1909, LX, 61. 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of ainhum. " Wash. Med. Annals. 1909-10. 
VIII, 79. ' 

"Case of pneumo cocci c leptomeningitis." Ibid., 208. 

"Case of cerebral apoplexy." Ibid., 213. 

"Case of typhoid fever." Ibid., 214. 

"Case of syphilis of liver and other organs." Ibid., 290. 

"Case of pneumonia. " Ibid., 318. 

"Case of melanotic cancer of heart and kidneys." Ibid., 320. 

On March 9, 1910, Dr. Gray died. Mareh 29 Dr. Neate was ap- 
pointed Microscopist and Bacteriologist, 

On Jraie 4, Col. LaGarde was succeeded by Lieut. Col. W. D. 
McCaw, U.S.A., in charge of the Museum and Library. Col. McCaw 
had been Librarian since October 3, 1903. 

On June 7, a letter of Major F, P. Russell to the Surgeon 
General, stated that the Army Medical School was being moved from 
the Museum building to new quarters, 721 13th Street, N.W., and 
that it would be necessary to move the laboratory (except the chem- 
ical laboratory of the Surgeon General's Office) because it was un- 
der the charge of Dr. Russell, in which he did much technical work, 
the routine examination of water supplies, specimens of blood for 
malaria, typhoid and Malta fevers, and in connection with vaccination 
against typhoid; also examinations of pathological material. It would 
also be necessary to set apart a place in the new building for spec- 
imens from the Museum to be used in the school instruction; it would 
not be practicable to keep moving the specimens backward and forward. 
The Microscopist of the Museiim was also asked for to have charge of 
these specimens. The changes would not interfere with the use of the 



-139- 

MiiaeTJin by the public and medical institutions. 

The following publications this year were based more or 

less on work done at the Museum: 

By Drs. J. D. Morgan and D.S. Lamb: "Laennec and the stetho- 
scope." Wash. Med. Annals, 1910-11, IX, 260. Also reprint. 
By Dr. Lamb: "Case of papyraceous fetus." Ibid., 305. 
"Case of angiosarcoma of neck." Ibid., 415. 
"Aneurysms in Army Medical Museum." (Abstract) Ibid., 438. 

On February 20, 1911, Dr. Sims S. Hindman was appointed 
Anatomist. On Iferch 6, he was assigned to duty at the Museum. On 
August 31, he resigned. 

September 18 to 30, International Municipal Congress and 
Exposition at Chicago. The Museum loaned a model showing the Balti- 
more sewerage plan. 

The following publications in 1911 were based more or less 
on work done at the Museum: 

By Dr. Lamb: "Intracranial tumors." Wash, Med. Annals, 1911- 
13, X, 12. 

"Case of perforating ulcer of duodenum. '• Ibid. , 36. 

"Case of strangulation of ileum by loop of appendix. " Ibid. , 36, 

"Aneurysms in Army Medical Muee^in, Washington, D.C." Mil, 
Surg., 1911, XVIII, 119. Also reprint. 

"Malformations and monstrosities in the Army Medical Museum. " 
(Abstract.) Wash. Med. Annals, 1911-12, X, 72. 

"Tumors of male breast. " Ibid. , 250, Also reprint. 

"Hypertrophied ova of birds." Ibid., 324. 

On March 19, 1912, Dr. Ralph M. LeComte was appointed Anatomist. 

On April 28, Dr. Neate died of cancer of liver. 

On June 20, Dr. LeComte waa appointed Microscopist and Bac- 
teriologist. 

On July 6, Dr. J. R. Scott was appointed AnatOToist. 

The following publications in 1912 were based more or less 
on work done at the I4iseum: 



-140- 

~By Dr. Lamb: "Leprosy." Wash. Med. Annals, 1912-13, XI, 19. 
Also reprint. 

"Ivlalforniations and monstrosities in the Army Medical Mase-um. " 
Ibid., 34-56. Also, Reprint. Also in Mil. Surgeon, 1911, XXIX, 374. 

"Epidemic cholera specimens in the Army Medical Museian. " 
Ibid., 104. Also reprint, 

"Specimens in Army Medical Museum from prehistoric peoples." 
Ibi(^. , 109-118. Also reprint. 

"Case of carcinoma of stomach." Ibid., 251. Also, Reprint. 

On August 8, 1913, Col, McCaw was relieved by Lieut. Col. 
C, C. McCulloch, U.S.A., as Librarian. 

On September 22, Dr. LeComte resigned to enter the Medical 
Reserve Corps, 

On October 7, Dr. Scott was appointed Microecopist and Bac- 
teriologist, and October 51, Dr. C. S. lAidlaw was appointed Anat- 
omist temporarily. 

« 

September-October. International Congress on Hygiene arai 
Demography. Wax models and wet specimens were loaned by the Mu- 
seum. Preliminary to tllis Cohgress was a meeting of the National 
Mouth Hygiene Association, to which the Museum loaned specimens; 
and also a meeting of the National Dental Association, September 
9 to 14. 

October 15, Major F. F. Russell was relieved from duty as 
Curator, and Ivlajor E. R- Whitmore, U.S.A., appointed. 

On November 21, Col. W. D. McCaw made the following memo- 
randum for the Surgeon General : 

"The Mueeum feature of the Maseum and Library Division of 
the Surgeon General U Office has for many years been almost at 
a standstill. While the Army Medical School occupied a large 
part of the present building, the energies of the Musetan staff 
in practically all the laboratory work were expended in teaching 
the class and in making original investigations, principally 



-141- 

bacteriologlcal, into questions of great importance for the Army 
at large and the Medical Corps in particular. The results have 
been so brilliant, including the self-instruction of Walter Reed 
and James Carroll, the development of anti-typhoid prophylaxis, 
and the education of a host of valuable young medical officers, 
that no excuse is needed for having temporarily ceased to develop 
the Muse-um feature proper, to wit: the collection, preparation and 
exhibition of specimens illustrating medicine in all its branches. 
This feature was necessarily neglected because of the preponde- 
rating importance of the brilliant work undertaken and carried out 
successfully. 

"Many new specimens have indeed been accumulated ; the Museim 
has been added to in some new directions and much obsolete material 
has been taken from exhibition to give place to more valtiable and 
up to date specimens. The only room in the building especially 
adapted to exhibition arii built for that purpose is now much over- 
crowded, and yet it contains only the pick of the collection. As 
space was gained by the removal of the School two large rooms were 
selected for exhibition purposes and promptly filled. These rooms 
however are not easily accessible to the public and the nature of 
the detached selections is not very interesting or educational to 
the average visitor. In the space gained from the School the Li- 
brary also overflowed just in time to save it from being so choked 
with its own material that it was becoming Impossible to keep track 
of or to find a paper wanted when it was a pamphlet or document or 
number of any unbound periodical. 

"The housing of the Library ia now, although not ideal, at 
least satisfactory and more room will not be urgently required for 
some years. 

"On the Museum side conditions are unsatisfactory. There 
is indeed room for office work, for laboratory preparation of new 
specimens, and for photography there is an excellent gallery, but 
for exhibition purposes no satisfactory room is now available. 
The Museum building contains board rooms for the examination of 
officers, rooms for the architect force of the Surgeon General's 
Office, the Chemist of the Surgeon General's Office, and the force 
einployed in distributing blank forms, publications of the office 
and medical journals. None of these rooms are well adapted for 
exhibition. The Adjutant General* s Department occ'cqpies several 
small office rooms and one very large room, the full length and 
breadth of the Library Hall. Although it is not high pitched and 
not lighted from above, this room would ftirnish space for the over- 
flow of the Museum and make a fairly good exhibition hall. The 
Surgeon General's Office is a growing institution and the Museum 
should not be cramped in its growth for want of ample and suitable 
space. If the rooms now occupied by the Adjutant General's Depart- 
ment were available for Muse\an purposes, and the entire building 
given over to the Medical Department, the problem would be solved 
for many years, until the time comes for the Army School, the Li- 
brary and the Museum to be fittingly established in buildings of 
their own on the beautiful reservation of the Walter Reed Hospital." 



-142^ 
The following publications in 1913 were based more or less 
oft work done at the Maseijin: 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of perforating ulcer of duodenum. " WaJih. 
Med. Annals, 1913, XII, 99. Also reprint. 

"Hermaphroditism specimens, " Ibid., 173. 
"Fractures of patella. " Ibid., 187. 
"Case of large fibroma of ovary." Ibid., 299. 
"Thoracopagus." Ibid,, 538. 

In 1914, a series of specimens of parasites was donated to 
the Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana. 

On February 26, Dr. A. A. Eisenberg was appointed Anatomist. 

On August 28, some specimens of anatomy were donated to the 
Superintendent of Public Schools, Greenville, Alabama. 

On September 5, some wet specimens were donated to the Public 
Schools, Baltimore, Mi. 

On November 38, specimens were loaned to the Panama-Pacific 
Exposition, namely; a painting of a soldier, an incinerator and 
photographs. 

On December 14, some specimens were donated to the University 
of Alabama. 

The following publications this year were based more or less 
on work done at the Museum: 

By Dr. Lamb: "Case of malformation; epignathus." Wash. Med. 
Annals, 1914, XIII, 135. Also reprint. 

"Case of supernumerary toe in Egyptian mummy," Ibid., 161. 

"■'^°*^®'^ "^^^ °^ P°^yPOsis gastrica; polyadenoroa. " Ibid.. 
180. Also, Eeprint. 

"Cysts of liver. " Ibid. , 242. Also, Reprint. 
"Monstrous twin duck. " Ibid., 213. 

^ "Dr. J. B. Murfree»s case of lithopaedion. " Ibid., 254. Also. 
Heprint. ' 

"Hairballs," Ibid., 300. Also, Eeprint. 
"Injury to bone." Ibid., 36^. 



-143- 

On June 11, 1915, specimens were donated to the Georgia 
State Board of Health; typhoid fevei:, tuberculosis and dysentery. 

August 4, Major Whitmore was relieved from duty as Curator 
and Col. McCulloch appointed Curator in addition to Librarian. 

The following publications in 1915 were based more or less 

on work done at the Musevtm: 

By Dr. Lamb: "Bilateral ankylosis of temporomandibular 
joint." Wash. Med. Annals, 1915, XIV, 43. 

"Case of leontiasis ossea. " Ibid., 44. 
"Diseases and injuries of pancreas." Ibid., 46. 
"Scarlet fever; desqtiamated casts. Ibid., 347. 

February 24, 1916, a specimen of human quintuplets was re- 
ceived; quintiiplets occur about once in a million births. 

In April the Hookworm Exhibit of the International Health 
Conniission of the Rockefeller Foundation arrived from San Francisco 
and was installed in the Museum. 

June 23, Col. McCulloch ^vas relieved from duty as Curator 
and Colonel William 0. Owen appointed. 

August 14, Dr. Eisenberg resigned as Anatomist and August 
29, Dr. C. S. Ludlow was appointed temporarily. 

The following publications in 1916 were based more or less 
on work done at the Jiiseum: 

By Dr. Lamb: The Army Medical Museum; a history. Washington 
Medical Annals, 1916. XV, 15. 

Actinomycosis and dentigerous cysts. Ibid. 61. 

Cases of ulceration and perforation of stomach. Ibid. 96. 

The Army Medical Museum in American Anthropology: Proceed- 
ings of the Nineteenth Coaagress of Americanists, Washington, (1915), 
1917, 625. 

By Dr. James R. Scott - "TubercTilosis of the tongue." Am. 
Jour. Med. Sci. , Phila. , 1916. XLII, 411. 



-144- 
This collation wotild have been miich easier to make if the 
records of the work done in the Masexaa building had been kept 
by thecselves. Ae a toatter of fact the onlj'- separation of recdrds 
in the early period was into what may be called surgical and med- 
ical, that is to aay, the Curator of the MuBeum, who also had 
charge of preparing the Surgical History of the Civil War, had 
his set of books, and the officer v/ho had more particular charge 
of the medical, microscopical and comparative anatomy portions 
of the Iifuseun and who also had charge of the preparation of the 
I/iedical Hiatory of the War, had his separate records. But each 
of these officers kept a chronological record that included not 
only the r<hiseum proper and the work of the War History, but a 
multitude of other matters which these officers were called upon 
from time to time to attend to. 

Subsequently the Museum and Library records were more or 
less intermixed and also with the records of the Record and Pen- 
sion Division as well as the Division of Surgical Records. Most 
of the records are in script and in many cases difficult to read; 
in many cases also only the official correspondence is available, 
the letters inspiring which are not on file. All these conditions 
have made the work of collation much more tedious and unsatisfactory 
than would otherwise have been the Case. 

Attention is invited to the fact that the post mortem work 
done by the lAiseura employees carried more or less risk with it. 
In a number of cases marked illness supervened upon such work; 
erysipelas, pneumonia and septicemia. 



-145- 
~Many photographs have been given away of which there is 
no rscord. 

The r*isevim appropriations were made by Congress for the 
preparation and' TPreservation of specimens . These terms are var- 
iously construed by different Auditors and Controllers. Thus in 
1391 the Second Auditor disallowed certain bills paid by Dr. Charles 
Smart, Ivfe.jor, and Surgeon, U.S.A. Dr. Smart was then Medical Store 
Keeper. The matter was referred to Dr. Billings, Curator of the 
Army Medical Museixj, who replied as follows: 

"In my opinion the expenditures for repairs, etc. at the 
Annv Medical K^seum made on the enclosed voucher were necess&ry 
to secure the preservation of specimens m the Museum, and are 
therefore chargeable to the Museum appropriation. The construc- 
tion of the blind drain charged for, was necessary to keep the 
walls and floor of the large half-basement room on the West siae 
of the building dry, so that the ambulances, medicine wagons, 
harness, nack-saddles. etc. kept for exhibition in that room should 
not becom; covered with mould and be thus rotted and destroyed. 
In like manner the repairs of the roof have been a necessity to 
prevent the dripping of water through upon the cases and specimens. 

The number of specimens in the Museum June 30, 1916, was 
47,513; comprising 13,089 pathological, 1251 anatomical, 601 com- 
parative Snatomy, 12,915 microscopical, 4,014 miscellaneous, 293 
provisional anatomy, and photographs (including about 11,000 nega- 
tives), 15,149. 

Since the beginning of the collection in 1862 about 12,000 
specimens have been donated to inptitutions, including colleges, 
hospitals, schools, boards of health, etc., or exchanged or dis- 
carded. 

The number of contributors is 218S. 



-146- 
The following is a list of persons and institutions, each 
of which has contributed to the Muse\am 25 or more specimenB: 

25 specimens: Drs. F. A. Ashford and S. M. B\amett, Wash- 
ington, D.C.; Col-umhian College Medical Faculty, Washington, D.C., 
Dr. Elliott Cones, Med. Cadet, afterwards Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A.; 
Dr. W. D, Crosby, Surgeon, U.S.A.; Dr. A. H. Fuller, Dentist, St. 
Louis, Mo. ; Dr. J. B. Lewis, Surgeon, U;S, Vols. ; Dr. G. S. Palmer, 
Freedmen^s Hospital, Washington. Those by Dr. Burnett were mostly 
extirpated" eyes. 

26 specimens; Dr. W. E. Waters, Asst. Surgeon, afterwards 
Surgeon, U.S.A. 

27 specimens; Dr. W.M. Notson, Asst. Surgeon, afterwards 

Surgeon, U.S.A. 

28 specimens: Drs. C. W. Jones, Surgeon, U.S. Vols, and 
C. E. Munn, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A. 

29 specimens: Drs. L. H. Brailey, Vet. Surgeon, U.S.A., J.E", 
Summers, Surgeon, U.S.A., and 0, P. Sweet, Actg. Asst. Svirgeon, U.S.A. 
BJid J.H. Ford, Asst, Surgeon, U.S.A. 

31 specimens: Dr. D. P. Hickling. Washington, D.C^ ; Christo- 
pher Johnson, Baltimore (mostly calculi); P. J. Murphy, Columbia 
Hospital, Washington, and D. P. Smith, Surgeon, U.S. Vols. 

32 specimens: Drs. Henry Bryant, Surgeon, U.S. Vols, and 
■Henry McElderry, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A., and Hospital Steward A.J. 

Schafhirt, from post mortem examinations at Freedmen's Hospital, 
Washington. 

33 specimens: Drs. A. I. Comfort, Actg. Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A.; 
W. U. Johnston, Washington, D.C.; C. A. McCall, Asst. Svirgeon, U.S.A.; 
and H. R. Tilton, Asst. Surgeon, afterwards Surgeon, U.S.A. 

34 specimens: Dr. J. H. Nartholf, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A. 

35 specimens: Dr. Charles Page, Surgeon, U.S.A. 

36 specimens: Drs. George K. Smith, Actg. Asst. Surgeon, 
U.S.A.; and E.A. Vanderkieft, Surgeon, U.S. Vols. 

37 specimens: Dr. H. C. Yarrow, Actg. Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A., 
Washington, D.C, ; mostly Indian crania. 

38 specimens: Drs. J. H. Brinton, Surgeon, U.S. Vols. ; Carlos 
Carvallo, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A.; H. S. Hewit, Surgeon, U.S. Vols. J 
and G. L. Pancoast, Surgeon, U.S. Vols. 

39 specimens: Dr. S. S. Adams, Washington, D.C, mainly from 
Children's Hospital, Washington. 

40 specimens: Dr. P. S. Conner, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A. 

41 specimens: Dr. G. P. Hachenberg, Actg. Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A. 

42 specimens: Drs. J. S. Billings, Burgeon, U.S.A.; and G.M. 
McGill, Asst. Surgeon^ U.S.A. 

43 specimens: Drs. J.C. McKee, Surgeon, U.S.A.; and Clinton 
Wagner, Surgeon, U.S.A. 

44 specimens: Dr. Mary Parsons, Washington, D.C. 

45 specimens: Dr. C. F. French, Surgeon, U.S. Vols. 

46 specimens: College Physicians and Surgeons, Philadelphia; 



-147- 



Drs, H. Culbertson, Svirgeon^ U.S. Vole.; and A. C. GiraxA, Asst. 
Surgeon, U^S.A. 

48 specimens: Drs. B.J.B. Irwin, Surgeon, U.S»A.; J. A. 
Ud,ell, Surg. U.S. Vols.; and CB. Robinson^ Vet. Surgeon, Wash- 
ington, B.C.; Dr. Robinson's from his Veterinary Hospitalj Wash- 
ington. 

49 specimens: Dr. J. Taber Johnson, Washington, D^. 

50 specimens: Dr. D. H. Goodwillie, Dentist, Yoxdcers, N.Y. , 
models; Drs. Johnson Eliot and T. C. Smith, Washington, D.C. 

51 specimens: Dr. B. E, Fryer, Surgeon, U.S.A. 

53 spsclmens: Drs. W. F., Norris, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A.; and 
C.A. Treuholtz, Actg. Asst. Sturgeon, U.S.A. Those from Treuholtz 
were frcm Fort Bayard Tuberculosis Hospital. 

53 specimens: Dr. C. G. Byrne, Surgeon, U.S.A., and I.S. Stone, 
Washington, D.C. 

56 specimens: Dr. Elisha Sterling, Cleveland, Ohio. 

58 specimens? Ebenezer Swift, Surgeon, U.SJl. ; mostly Iniian 
crania. 

59 specimens: Drs. J. T. Hodgen, Surgeon, U»S. Vols., and J.W. 
Bovee, Washington, D.C. 

60 specimens: Drs. ffei. C. Minor, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A.; £ind 
Israel Moses, Surgeon, U.S. Vols. 

62 specimens: Dr. Fred Schafhirt, Army Medical Museum. Mostly 
comparative anatcoy. 

66 specimens: Dr. TSm. H. Arthur, Surgeon, U.S.A. 

67 specimens: Dr. G. H. Acker, Washington, D.C. Mostly from 
Children's Hospital, Washington. 

70 specimens: Dr. J. F. Hartigan, Washington, D..C. Mostly 
from post mortem examinations made for the coroner. 

73 specimens: Drs. J.W, S. Gouley, Asst. Stirgeon, U.S.A.; and 
N. S. Lincoln, Washington, D.C. 

74 specimens: Dr. Harrison Allen, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A. 

76 specimens: Drs. W. W. Keen, Actg. Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A.; 
and B, B. Miles, Actg. Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A. 

77 specimens: Dr. D, C. Peters, Surgeon, U.S.A. 

79 specimens: Dr. O.A. Judson, Surgeon, U.S. Vols. 

80 specimens: Board for Study of Tropical Diseases, Manila, P.I, 

82 specimens: Dr. J. H. Armsby, Asst. Surgeon, U.S. Vols. 

83 specimens: Dr. Louis A. LaGarde, Surgeon, U.S.A. Mostly 
experimental shot fractures. 

86 specimens: Dr. P. F. Eve, Nashville, Tenn. Mostly calculi. 

87 specimens: Dr. N. R. Moseley, Surgeon, U.S. Vols, 

91 specimens: Dr^. G. F. Shrady, Actg. Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A. 
95 specimens: Dr. H. M. Dean, Actg. Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A. 
101 specimens: Dr. R. B. Bontecou, Surgeon, U.S. Vols. 
106 specimens: Dr. R. F. Weir, Asst, Surgeon, U.S.A. 
Ill specimens: Dr. E. R, Hodge, Army Medical Museum. From 
Manila, P.I. 

113 specimens: Lieut. G. M. Wheeler, U.S^^ Mostly crania. 
122 speciihens: Dr. Joseph Leidy, Actg. Asst. Surgeon^ U.S.A. 



-148- 

— 125 specimens: Dr. W. H. Forvrood, Surgeon, U.S.A. 

136 specimens: Dr. S. S. Bond, Hospital Steward, U.S.A. Post 
mortem examinations at Freedmen's Hospital, Washington, D.C. 

137 speciLiens: Dr. D, W. Bliss, Surgeon, U.S. Vols. 

144 specimens.* Dr. Z. T. Daniel, Indian Service, Teeth. 

160 specimens.' Americaoi Society of Orthodontists. Plaster 
casts of dentures. 

161 specimens: Dr. R. Ottolengui, Editor "Items of Interest." 
Dental. 

170 specimens: Clarence E. Moore, Philadelphia. Bones from 
Indian burial places. 

171 specimens: Dr. Samuel Sexton, Dentist, New York City. 
Plaster casts of dentures. 

205 specimens: Dr. Edwiri Bentley, Surgeon, U.S. Vols., and 
Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A. 

238 specimens: Dr. Wm. Thomson, Asst. Surgeon, U.S.A. 

313 specimens,' Unknown. 

527 specimens: Br. D. S. Lamb, Army Medical Museum. Largely 
specimens from Freedmen's Hospital, Washington. 

1582 specimens: From Smithsonian Institution and National Mu- 
seum. Mostly Indian crania, which were eventtially returned. 

The specimens from Dr. Hodge were from the Philippines and 

mostly from tropical diseases. Those from the Columbian College 

Medical Faculty were in exchange for models to be used in teaching. 

In the Dental Collection, Dr. Ottolengvd assisted in acquiring 

specimens for the collection by the publicity he gave to the effort 

in his "Items of Interest"; and Drs. Donnally, Finley, and others 

of Vifashington materially helped. 

In many cases the contributions were almost entirely surgical, 

especially those from Army Medical Officers during the civil war J 

those by Allen, Armsby, Ashford, Bliss, Bontecou, Bovee, Brinton, 

Bryant, Byrne, Conner, Dean, Eliot, Gouley, Hewitt, Hodgen, Jones, 

Judson, Keen, Lewis, Lidell, Lincoln, McCall, McGill, McKee, Miles, 

Moseley, Moses, Munn, Norris, Notson, Pancoast, Peters, Shrady, 

Smith, Stone, Summers, Thoraeon, Vanderkieft, Uagner and Weir. In 

some cases the contributions were credited to the officer in charge 



-149- 
of thB-hospital, whether he had anything actnaally to do with pro- 
curing the specimen or not; this was pariicularly true dxiring the 
time of the civil war and partly explains the large number of speci- 
metts credited to dome names. 

In 1865-66, a series 6f 100 podt mortem examinations was 
made at the Freedmen's Hospital, Washington, by attaches 6f the 
Museum, who then had the rank of Hospital Steward; A. J. Schafhirt 
niade 9 examinations, and S. S. Bond made the rest; D. S. Lamb as- 
sisting Bond after the 15th examination. About 160 specimens Werd 
obtained from these examinations. After 1878^ Dr. Lamb recommenced 
making examinations at Freedmen's Hospital. He has made in all 
about 1300 post mortem examinations, for Army medical officei*^^ 
civilian physicians, at hospitals, etc, ; quite a number on tile IbWer 
animals. Usually the specimens were credited to the person fbf 
whom the examination was made. From these examinations by Drj Lknb, 
the specimens obtained added over 1500 to the Museum collectiohi 

The specimens received from the Smithsonian and Natiorial 
Museums were mostly crania which were afterwards returned to tlie 
latter. A large number of specimens of comparative anatomy were 
also received from and most of them afterwards returned to the 
National l^eum. 

The Hemenway collection was received in 1887-91 from Arizona, 
and consisted of many boxes of bones all of which were eventually 
given to the National Museum. 

Post mortem examinations have been made by attaches of the 
Museum probably ever since the Museum was begun. But the available 



-ISO- 
records of auoh examinations incl-ude only those made at the 
Freedmen^B Hospital in 1855-66, and thoie afterwards by Dr. 
LaaA. Theee rioords are very nearly doiiipiete. Prom them it 
appears that 714 were made at the Preedmen's Hospital, of which 
Dr. Lamb made 614 and assisted at 85 othersi 

The next highest nwmber of post mortem examinations made 
by Dr. Lamb was 38 made for Dr. Mary Parsons. The next is 28 for 
Dr. D, C. Patteraon, when he was Coroner. Then 22 for Dr. T. C. 
Smith. Next, 20 respectively for the Childreti's Hospital and Dr. 
W, W. Johnston. Next, 16 at the Soldiers Home, eleven for Dr. 
I. H. Lamb, nine for Dr. G, Wythe Cook, eight for Drs. N. S. Lin- 
coln, G. L. Magrvder and E. C, C. Winter. Seven for Drs. R. G, 
Manas, G. S. Palmer, and F. J. Shadd. Six for Drs. S. S. Adatts, 
H, H. Barker, J« Taber Johnson and P. J, Murphy. Five for Drs. 

C. W. Brown, J. R. Francis, H, D. Fry, E. F, King, J. F. Moran 
and H, C. Yarrow. STour for Drs. J. 0. Adams, S. C. Busey, S. L. 
Cook, Johnson Eliot, Edgar Janney, R. S. Lamb, W. 0, Muncaster, 
U. S. National Museum, J. T. Sothoron, A. W. Tancil, J. Harry 
Thompson, J. M. Toner, J. W. Van Arnum and at the Washington Bar- 
racks Hospital. Three for Drs. 6. N. Acker, L. J. Draper, J. L. 
Eliot, C. W. Fraiizoni, J. K. P. Gleeson, T, E. McArdle, E. L. Morgaai, 
R. M. O'Reilly, of the Army, W» H. Ross, J. 0. Stanton and John 
Walter. Two for Drs. A. C. Adams, E. A. Balloch, C, V. Boannan, 

J, E. Brackett, J. H. Bryan, J. W. Chappell, Amelia Erbach, C, M. 
Ford, A. Y. P. Garnett, C. E. Hagner, Mary E, Hart, J. F. Hartigan, 

D. H. Hazen, I. J. Helberger, J, G. F. Holston, E. S. Kimball, Prank 
Leech, J. W. Little, E, C. Morgan, H. M, Newman, Basil Nor ris of 



i.' 



-151- 
the anajr, C. A. Norton, G. N. Perry, S. J. Eadcliffe. Grace Roberts, 
E. H, Scha«ff«r, I, S. Stone, M. L. Strobel, W. H. Taylor aad S.R. 
liUs. One each for Drs. B. B. Adams, W. H. Atkinson, Frank Baker, 
H. W. Baker, J. H. Baxter 6f the Army, H. W. Beatty, A. Befirend, 

E. 0. Belt, H. M. Bennett, J. R. Bigelow, D. W. Bliss, J. E. Blies, 
J. W. Bovee, P. H, Brooks, R. W. Brown, M, Bruckheimer, S. M. Bta-- 
nett, W. K. Butler, C. T. Caldwell, James Carroll of the Anny, 

D. W. Chadwick, C. W. Childs, C. R. Collins, G. T. Cook, J. R. 
Devereux, J. E. Baxter, H. C. Duffey, W. W. Evans, G, P. Penwlck, 

F. C. Pernald, R, A. Poster, H. D. DeL. French, C. B. Gilbert, 
C. P. Goodell, N. P. Graham, L^ S. Green, W. P. Green, George 
Washington University Hospital, B. L. Hardin, A. S. Helton, Prances 
Hillyer, R. T, Holden, W. L. Hudson, V. D. Hughes, Lincoln Johnson, 
C. S. Keyser, N, E. King, D. 0. Leech, J.W.H, Lovejoy, S.L. McCul- 
lough, E. P. Magruder, C. H. Marshall, Thos. Martin, J. P. Miller, 
J. T. Mitchell, G. G. Morris, 0. M. J4anca8ter, R. A. Neale, G. C. 
Ober, B- G. Pool, B. P. Pope of the Army, D. W. Prentiss, J. J. 
Purman, C. B. Purvis. J. H. Ramsburgh, J. R. Reily, George Rice, 

H. A. Bobbins, W. L, Robins. D. K. Shute, R. P. Sillers, J. J. Slat- 
tery, M. D. Spackman, C, G. Stone, D. B. Street, J. L. Suddarth, 
S. A. Sumby, J. J. Sumner, J. Pord Thompson, Grafton Tyler, A. W. 
Upshaw, T. S, Verdi, S. J. T7aggaman, H. J. Williams, E. W. Willlston, 
C. S, Winslow, J. J. Woodward of the Army, I&ry Wooster and J.T. Young. 

It might be add*d that am«ig the names of those operated on 
were George Washington, Patrick Henry airi Daniel Webster, 



-152- 
In one way the moat interesting collection in the Musetnn 
is that of gunshot wounds of bone. Nearly all of them are from 
engagements of the Civil War ; mostly what are c£J,led recent frac- 
tures, others showing sequelae, especially osteomyelitis. Of course 
they were due to missiles used at that time, the round hullet, rifled 
or minie bullet, buckshot, cannon balls and fragnents of shell. 
Besides the shot wounds there are fractures by swords and sabres, 
arrows and tomahawks; and a few by bayonets. Bayonet wounds, how- 
ever, during the Civil War were relatively few. 

Besides these fractiires there are many others, due to falls, 
blows, railroad accidents, and many in which the cause is unknown. 

Of the large number of what are called wet specimens, the 
most interesting are those from infectious diseases: typhoid fever, 
tuberculosis, yellow fever, pneumonia, smallpox, Asiatic cholera, 
leprosy, the plague, dysentery, diphtheria, pellagra, glanders, 
cerebro-spinal meningitis, syphilis, and hospital gangrene. 

Then there are specimens of embryology, human and comparative, 
wet specimens and models. Malformations and monstrosities, human 
cmd comparative, and this series also includes ectopic gestation. 
Animal and vegetable parasites! here may be mentioned the fungous 
foot of India. 

There are many models, some in papier mache, others in plaster 
of Paris, and still others in what is called cathcartine, and the 
Baretta preparations. These models show normal and morbid aimtomy. 
The Baretta preparations especially show the rarer forms of skin 
diseases. Some models like the full sized papier mache mannikins, 
are quite expensive. 



-153- 
There is a large collection of bones classed as prehistoric 
and pre-Columbian. Also a large collection of specimens illus- 
trating dental anatomy, both human and comparative, dental path- 
ology and therapeutics. 

A large series of transparencies showing especially the various 
forms of bacteria and protozoa and also photographs of the same. 
A large collection of instruments, a series of microscopes, 
historical, probably the most complete in this country. Also ac- 
cessories. Anthropometrical apparatus. Clinical thermometers, 
stethoscopes, ophthalmoscopes, sphygmomanometers, instruments for 
vaccination and hypodermic syringes, all historical. Biers' vacuum 
instruments, besides instruments generally. Also facsimiles of 
instruments found at Pompei. 

Medical military chests and pouches, ambulances and litters, 
missiles and weapons of different nations. 

A series of Buchhold preparations in capsules, showing para- 
sites and morbid anatomy. A series of rachitic pelves. 

Sections of bones showing internal structure. Caste of skulls, 
racial. A series of frozen sections and another of dissections. 
Diseases and injuries of viscera, eye, ear, nose, etc. 
Calculi, biliary, renal, vesical. 

A miscellaneous series comprising a cast of the fractured arm 
of the missionary explorer, Livingstone; cast of the brain of the 
deaf, mute and blind Laura Bridgeman; the injured parts in the 
case of John Wilkes Booth; the fractured leg of General Sickles; 
the skull and enlarged spleen of Guiteau, the assassin of Garfield, 

and many other specimens of general interest to the layman as well 
as the physician.