Making socialists out of college students; a story of professors and other collegians who hobnob with radicals.

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Making

S ocialists

out of

College Students

A Story of Professors and other Collegians
Who Hobnob With Radicals

By Woodworth Ctum

Western Reserve University, 1900

Published by the

BETTER AMERICA FEDERATION OF CALIFORNIA

724 S. Spring St., LOS ANGELES

246584

I

" W£NT no mere puttering reforms," writes Professor
Calhoun. "If the radicals will stick for ultimates and
confiscation, I'll stay with them. One of the things that

will hasten the revolution is to spread the notion that it can

come soon."

What do you think of that — you American mothers and
fathers who are sending your boys and girls to our American
colleges ?

How does it impress you business men who* own property ?

I know your first answer. You say that if Professor Cal-
houn really wrote such stuff — and really believes it — he should
be expelled from the college where he is teaching.

But if you were convinced that other professors, ex-pro-
fessors and college graduates, representative of leading educa-
tional institutions in America, are preaching much the same
doctrine, and are members of a society that has assumed lead-
ership in endeavoring to co-ordinate the campaign of the Rus-
sian Soviets, the I. W. W.'s, the Communists and practically
all the other extreme radicals in this country, — what would
you do about it?

Immediately following the general election in November,
1920, Associated Press news dispatches carried a story to the
effect, that in the faculty at Stanford University, four pro-
fessors had voted for Debs and three for the Farmer-Labor
ticket. A call issued for a meeting of the "Debs for Presi-
dent Club", on the campus at the University of California, is
reported to have brought out three hundred students. The
Socialist vote in California in 1916 was 43,259 and in 1920
approximately 70,000. In the nation the complete Socialist
vote in 1916 was 585,113 and in 1920 approximately
2,000,000. At least another million Socialist votes went to
the Farmer-Labor Party, the Non-Partisan League, and the
Socialist-Labor Party.

If such a program is actually being carried out, it is about
time for real, red-blooded Americans to wake up, — isn't it?

The bomb-throwing, bullet-shooting anarchist does not
worry me very much. It is the subtle, highly intellectual, pink

variety that is boring into the very heart of America. Such
tragedies as the explosion in Wall Street on last September
16th are horrible — monstrous, but they will never halt our
progress as a people. America will carry on, despite Czol-
golz, Tom Mooney, the McNamaras and their tribe. But
when I find a slow poison being secretly and successfully
injected into our body politic through the class rooms, I do
worry — and so should you.

I have kept rather close tab on the trend of radical thought
and action for the past few years, but when Professor A. W.
Calhoun's original letter to Professor Zeuch came into my pos-
'^- session, I was astounded. Calhoun, at the time was of the
faculty of Ohio State University, at Columbus. Zeuch was a
professor at the University of Minnesota. A photo-static copy
of the letter appears on the opposite page hereto. Bead it
carefully. Note the sinister emphasis, particularly where
Professor Calhoun says, "I wonder how many of his students
draw the 'necessary' conclusions?" He is referring to the
students of Professor N. S. B. Gras, also of the faculty of the
University of Minnesota.

The "Hayes" mentioned in Calhoun's letter is Professor
E. C. Hayes, of the University of Illinois, department of
sociology.

Calhoun says "Grose saw Ross at Madison," and "Ross

had some hand in the game." He is discussing Professor E.

A. Ross, head of the department of sociology, University of

*1 Wisconsin, and editor of the American Journal of Sociology

(which has an extensive circulation among the colleges of this

A*^ country).

Do not overlook the significance of that last paragraph in
ft Calhoun's letter. Beals was a Congregational minister prior

to becoming a circulation agent for the "Bolshevist maga-

• »»

zine.

And now that some of the names have been identified for
you, — read that Calhoun letter over again. Does it not stir
something in your very soul? Am I right when I say there is
a job ahead for all of us who love America?

However, that Calhoun letter is merely the introduction to
this tale of pink professors, and their fellow-workers in the
effort to undo America.

\

PROFESSOR CALHOUN'S REMARKABLE

LETTER

55 E, Norwich Ay. , Columbus, 0. , July 29

Dear Zeuch. -

I think I accept al4 you aa.y aboutthe condition of the pro-
letariat and the impossibility of the iasnediat revolution* But I am
less interested in the verbiage of the LeftWAng than in the idea of
keeping ultimates everlastingly in the center of attention to the ex-
clusion of mere puttering reforms. One of the things that will hasten
the revolution is to spread the notion that it can come soon. If the
Left Wing adopts impoeeibiliet methods of campaign, I shall stand a-
loof, but if they push for Confiscation, : Equality^,of _,^J°»p SP: c . Jtatys.
and the speedy elimination of class privilege ^1 sK&rgc^^dthxhem
rather than the yellows.

If Gras is doing what he says and I am doing what he says,
he is right in saying that he is doing the hetter job. I wonder, how-
ever, how many of hie students draw the "necessary" conclusions: and
il wonder whether I do all my students' -thinking for them.

Ellery is feeling at Columbus enofi alpo at Illinois, I had a
letter from Hayes about him.

I have accepted the professorship of Sociology at De Pauw
University. The job pays $2200 this year with assurance of $2400 if I
stay a second year. The president has been here three times and had
long interviews with me.. Besides we have written a lot. I told him I
belong to the radical Socialists, I expounded my general principles
on all important points. He knows also of the circumstances of my
leeving Clark and Kentucky, He says he is in substantial agreement
with most of what I have said and that he see3 no reason why I can
not get along at Da Pauw. He says he feels confident it will be a per-
manency. Ross had some hand in the game. Pres. Grose intervie\ved him
at MadiBon last week and Rose wrote encouraging me to take the place.
1 did not make any great effort. Grose knew that I did tist cere much
one way or the other. He took the initiative almost from the start
and I er.t back and waited. I'm afraid Greencastle is too small to do
much with the co-op. Population 4000. 30 miles north of Blooraington,
800 students, mostly in college, a few in School of Uusio , a few
graduate students. Hudson is prof, of Ec. there.

Beals was here last week. He is pushing the Nation. Says the
circulation hu& quadrupled since they became Bolshevist.

As ever.

CtU^

"A. W. C." is Prof. Arthur W. Calhoun (then of Ohio State University) ;
"Dear Zeuch" is Prof. W. E. Zeuch, then of the University of Minnesota, —
now teaching at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

> INTER-COLLEGIATE SOCIALISTS

On the ninth floor of the office building at No. 70 Fifth
Avenue, New York City, you will find the headquarters of the
Inter-collegiate Socialist Society, — organized more than ten
years ago by a group of socialist professors and college grad-
uates for the purpose of spreading radical propaganda in the
schools and colleges of America. Their quarters are not large,
so, when an important conference is desired, the socialist pro-
fessors and their co-workers foregather at the "Inn-in-the-
hills," a cozy and secluded resort hotel at Highland, N.- Y., — a
little ways up the Hudson. It was at one of these conferences
(June 24-30, 1919) that the first effort was made to combine
the various radical forces and political malcontents in America.
The idea was called "The Committee of 48."

Lenin's thumb-print was on the birth certificate of the
"Committee of 48"— an infant political cure-all which appealed
for converts — and cash — but which blew up at Chicago early
last summer.

The waif would have died at birth, had not Lajpat Rai of
India breathed into its lungs the unrest of Asia. America's
leading radicals served as wet nurses — and it was palmed off
as a child of political respectability.

There is so much economic wood alcohol being peddled
these days — so much political moonshine — that we have
acquired the habit of analyzing and investigating. These are
days when liberty loving men and women must read thoroly
and think clearly, for the world is in crisis.

So let us pull off the mask from this Committee of 48.
One word that bobs up every five minutes in a socialist
meeting was quite popular at that Highland, N. Y., conference
of the collegiate socialists, — the word "ultimates." You remem-
ber in that remarkable letter Professor Calhoun wrote to Pro-
fessor Zeuch, Calhoun said: "I am less interested in the
verbiage of the Left Wing (Communist Labor Party), than in
the idea of keeping ultimates everlastingly in the center of
attention, to the exclusion of mere puttering reforms.*' Well,
this group at Highland agreed that the radical organizations
would keep agitating for the "ultimates," but that the "new
party" would go out for "mere puttering reforms," as the

i <

opening wedge. Let us keep this clear in our minds while we
examine the personnel of the meeting.

LENIN'S REPRESENTATIVE

The real busy little talker was Albert Rhys Williams. He
dominated that Intercollegiate Socialist Society conference and
was made chairman of the special committee to draft the plan
of action. The other members of this committee were Lajpat
Rai, Albert DeSilva, Anna Strunsky Walling and Swinburn
Hale. Perhaps these names mean nothing to you ; but if you
have followed the development of radical thought for the past
four years, these names will mean much.

Albert Rhys Williams is the confidante of Lenin and Trot-
sky, and it is through Williams that the Russian soviet gov-
ernment got its hand in the game. Williams is a newspaper
writer and was in Russia when the autocracy of the proletariat
was established, under Lenin. Williams, with John Reed and
Boris Reinstein, constituted the Bolshevist Propaganda Bu-
reau — maintained headquarters in Petrograd, and, of course,
were in the pay of the Soviet government. Reed became a
fugitive from justice, having been indicted at Chicago for crim-
inal anarchy. He died last October in Moscow, of typhoid.
After the armistice, Williams returned to America to bring
about a combination of all radicals. The "Committee of 48"
was his "delivery of the goods."

Lajpat Rai, another member of the original committee that
planned the Committee of 48, is an East Indian and a radical
writer. His book, "England's Debt to India," was suppressed
in this country under our Espionage Act. He is the accepted
representative in the United States of the "proletariat" of
India.

When Albert Rhys Williams' special committee finished its
job and was ready to report, a second conference was called
to meet at the headquarters of the American Civil Liberties
Bureau, 41 Union Square, New York City, on August 29,
1919. It was this bureau that inserted a full page advertise-
ment in "The Liberator" for funds to help alien deportees.
Roger Baldwin — the first director of the bureau — served one
year in jail for failing to register in the draft.

Let us look around the room at 41 Union Square, and see
who were present at this conference to perfect plans for the
Committee of 48. The list includes Jos. Gilbert, of St. Paul,
general manager of the Non-Partisan League; Oswald Garri-
son Villard, editor of The Nation; Robert M. Buck, editor of
The New Majority — Chicago's radical weekly; Elizabeth Gur-
ley Flynn, a prolific writer of I. W. W. literature; Morris Hil-
quit, New York socialist, born in Riga, Russia, and an official
representative in America of the Soviet Bureau; Lincoln Col-
cord, associate editor of The Nation; Professor Scott Nearing,
radical agitator; Seymour Stedman, attorney, whose specialty
for years has been defending I. W. W.'s, communists and
radical socialists, and who was retained to defend the com-
munists recently convicted at Chicago; Allen McCurdy, asso-
ciate editor of The Nation; Crystal Eastman, editor of The
Liberator; Albert Rhys Williams ; Walter Nelles, representing
the American Civil Liberties Bureau ; James H. Maurer, presi-
dent of the Pennsylvania State Federation of Labor; Rev. A.
J. Muste, national organizer, Amalgamated Textile Workers'
Union; Rose Schneiderman, president Woman's Trade Union
League— and a dozen others.

ADVOCATES SABOTAGE

Elizabeth Gurley Flynn is the Joan d'Arc of the I. W. W.
She is closely associated with Big Bill Haywood and goes with
him whenever he speaks to foreigners who do not understand
our language. She translates Haywood's speeches — makes
I. W. W. speeches of her own, and writes books to prove that
the pleasant little habit of sabotage is something all workers
should acquire. She had authority to pledge Haywood's co-op-
eration in promoting the Committee of 48. I have some of
Miss Flynn's books on my desk. Let me quote from her
"Sabotage":

"I advocate sabotage. I am not going to attempt to justify
sabotage on any moral ground. If the workers consider sabot-
age is necessary — that in itself makes sabotage moral. Its
necessity is its excuse for existence."

Sitting next to Miss Flynn was Joe Gilbert, now of the
Nonpartisan League, but who, back in 1905, was one of the
delegates to the first convention of the I. W. W. at Chicago
and who helped place William D. Haywood in nomination.
A. C. Townley, who is president of the Nonpartisan League
in North Dakota and Minnesota, was state organizer for the
Socialist Party in North Dakota before taking hold of the
League There are many very close connections in the leader-
ship of the I. W. W., the Socialist Party, and the Nonpartisan ^
League.

CONDEMNED BY GOMPERS

Next to Gilbert was Oswald Garrison Villard, publisher of
The Nation— all of which makes an interesting trio. President
Gompers, of the American Federation of Labor, in the Febru-
ary (1920) number of The Federationist, condemns Bolshe-
vism quite severely and laments publicly the dangerous radical
influence "of those so-called journals of opinion, such as 1 he
Nation, The New Republic, and The Dial"

L. S. Gannett, graduate of Harvard, who was a member
of the Highland conference, now an associate editor of The
Nation, in the issue of The Nation for October 20, 1920 con-
tributes a verv interesting apology for the I. W. W. and en-
deavors to absolve them from all vicious intent and wrong
doing.

Remember that letter by Professor Calhoun, the last sen-
tence of which was: "Beals was here last week; he is pushing
The Nation and says the circulation has quadrupled since they
became Bolshevist." Naturally the publisher of The Nation
was not going to let the tag ends of radicalism of this country
get together without his own influence being felt.

Allen McCurdy sat next to Villard. A news writer in the
St. Louis Post Dispatch had this to say of Allen McCurdy:
"McCurdy was a Presbvterian minister, until as he says, he
began to take religion too seriously. Now he is on the edi-
torial staff of The Nation. He is much sought by movements
desiring snap in their public proceedings." Lincoln Colcord,
sitting next to McCurdy, was also a member of the editorial
staff of The Nation.

We find "Bob" Buck sitting next to Colcord Buck*
editor of "New Majority," official weekly paper of the Chicago
Federation of Labor. Fitzpatrick, of rfeel -g- "W^
r^ident of the Chicago Federation, and under his leadership
^organlatton protested against deporting alier i rad.ca£

Fitzpatrick, in 1908 was nominated as a member of the
National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party.

THE PROFESSORS "SIGNED"

This then was the group created at the "Inn-in-the-Hills,"
uJrZite'llectual glulale of the '^?^« *£*£
Society. National headquarters were ""mediately es ™*°
at No 15 East Fortieth Street, New York City and a cal
issued for a national conference, to be held at St. Louis last
December. There are some three hundred names .officially
published by the Committee of 48, as .«.<» o ft* Call
This list includes the following professors: (I qmte.MKU.f0
"Prof G. G. Benjamin, Iowa; Prof. Geo. A. Coe, in. i . ,
Prof, ctence M. Case, Iowa; Prof. Frank T Carlton, Mub.;
Prof. Durant Drake, N. Y.; Prof. Leonard *£ »£* Caro-
lina- Prof. Lawrence E. Griffin, Penn. ; ProL Bobert Hernck,
m Prof M H. Hedges, Wis.; Prof. David Starr Jor-
dan, Ca .• Prof Isidore°Kayfetz, N Y.; ***•*-»* f
latourette, Ohio; Prof. H. G. Monlta., 111. ; Prof . H L.
McCracken Iowa; Prof. William F. Ogburn, D. C., Brot.
George MCrcady' Price, Cal.; Prof. Boscoe Pound Ma»a,
Prof S George Bcbec, Ore.; Prof. Nathaniel ScWt, Cornell,
1ST Y • Prof A. M. Schlesinger, Ohio; Prof. J. W. btimson
Cal Prof Donald E. Taft, Ohio; Prof. N. B. Whitney, Iowa

"'I .frflLrZm Professor John Smertenka of Grin
nell College, Iowa, in which he declares that more than <*
alsand professor's in the United State* were active in tb
-ttempted organization of the Committee of 48.

One would think after the Chicago fiasco of the Com
ra ittee of48 that even the pink professors would give up the
lb tion to amalgamate the radicals of America for an n
leCive campaign against our form of government. But o
h? contrary I am assured by no less an authonty tha
Harry WLaidler, A. M, Pb. D., of Wesleyan Un.versit;

■■OTK^H

editor of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society's official monthly
publication, The Socialist Review, that "concrete plans for
(radical) cooperation must wait for future developments."

Just to show that the pink collegians have not lost heart,
another conference was called at that secluded "Inn-in-the-
Hills," at Highland, N. Y., June 22 to 28, 1920. In addi-
tion to the usual group of distinguished educators, and other
college men and women, there were present the following
"guests of honor":

"GUESTS OF HONOR"

Jack Beyer, for fifteen years a leader of and organizer
for the I. W. W., confidential lieutenant of Big Bill Haywood,
and recently released from Leavenworth penitentiary. Beyer
has been working with "Red" Doran in New York City, col-
lecting money for the defense of members of the I. W. W.
charged with various crimes against the United States, such
as the murder of our soldier boys at Centralia ;

Robert Minor, an American, a confessed Bolshevist, a
defender of Tom Mooney, — and who was arrested by the
American military authorities at Coblenz, Germany, for dis-
tributing Bolshevist literature amongst American troops, with
a view to inciting mutiny;

I. Hourwich and Gregory Zilboorg, — both Russians and
direct representatives of the Soviet Bureau;

Ben Legere, of Winnipeg, international organizer for the
One Big Union, and now secretary of the Textile Workers'
Union at Lawrence, Mass.

Gertrude Nafe, organizer for the United Communist
Party ;

W. W. Liggett, propagandist for the Nonpartisan League
of North Dakota;

Swinburne Hale, of the executive committee of the Com-
mittee of 48, and a lawyer who has been acting as attorney for
"deportees;"

Mary Gawthorpe, organizer for the Amalgamated Cloth-
ing Workers' Union;

A. J. Muste, formerly a clergyman in Massachusetts and
now secretary and director of the Amalgamated Textile
Workers' Union;

Anna Strunsky (Walling), sister of Rose Strunsky, and
leader of women radicals in New York City;

Griffin Barry, associate editor of the London Herald, — the
English radical daily newspaper which was tendered a gift
of $375,000 by the Soviet Propaganda Bureau for "services
rendered" — but which gift was refused by reason of an
aroused public sentiment;

Joseph D. Cannon, a leader of the radical wing of the
American Federation of Labor;

Vijaya Rao, an East Indian agitator and affiliated with
the British Labor Party;

Louis Boudin, leading disciple and proponent of the Karl
Marx school of extreme socialism;

W. W. Lefeaux, socialist leader in the Winnipeg "soviet"
strike ;

Roger Baldwin and Earl Humphries, both of whom have
served time in prison as conscientious objectors, — and,

Alex Trachtenberg and Algernon Lee, both directors of
the Rand Socialist School at New York City.

The remainder of the two hundred delegates who regis-
tered at that remarkable conference at the "Inn-in-the-Hills"
were mostly professors, ex-professors and collegians who are
now actively aiding the radicals. For instance, Evans Clark,
professor at Princeton University but more recently confi-
dential advisor to the Soviet Bureau and in its pay, presided
at one of the sessions.

CORNELL REPRESENTED

Professor Nathaniel Schmidt of Cornell University was
an active participant in the conferences, — as was Harriett
Stanton Blatch, of New York City, suffrage leader and a
member of the Socialist party. Mrs. Blatch, in addressing
the delegates, said: "I do not want to be considered a radical
of the right wing, for I belong to the radicals of the left"

The above pronouncement by Mrs. Blatch is particularly
interesting when taken in connection with current advertis-
ing of "Books for Women". The Weekly Review (New
York), October 27, 1920, page 389, carries a half-page adver-
tisement by "The Woman's Press", calling particular attention

to the latest book by Mrs. Blatch, entitled, "A Woman's Point
of View: Some Roads to Peace". The publishers further
announce that this book is "a record of facts with construc-
tive conclusion and a strong program for progress by one of
America's foremost thinking women".

Here, then, is another evidence of the subtlety of the work
that is going on.

I have in my possession the official report of that six-day
conference, written by Laidler. Here are some of its high-
lights :

"We demonstrated that liberals and radicals of every
stripe can meet together amicably and can discuss fully their
divergent programs for social progress. We came to no ex-
plicit agreement as to how these respective groups of radicals
could best cooperate. * * * A number of these movements
have not as yet found themselves. Concrete plans for co-
operation must wait for future developments. * * * This first
free forum of all the important liberal and radical groups was
a distinct success.

"Zilboorg declared that our choice now lay between the
dictatorship of the proletariat in Russia and the dictatorship
of reaction; and that it was the duty of socialists to support
the former."

Laidler quotes Hourwich of the Soviet Bureau as defend-
ing the Bolshevik program in toto and predicting for it a
permanent success. Says Hourwich: "There remains (in
Russia) only a very small group of dissatisfied capitalists and
professional people, — and these lack the economic strength
necessary to overthrow the (Soviet) government."

Prof. Evans' Clark, (who, by .the way, now registers as
of Amherst College) protested against America helping the
a nti -Bolsheviks, — especially the Poles. Arthur Gleason, presi-
dent of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society, declared that
"the workers are tired of producing for private profit."

REV. MUSTE SPEAKS

Rev. A. J. Muste is quoted as stating that all labor unions
have for their objective "the overthrow of the existing order
of society." And, now listen to this, — from Muste:

\

"The older unions have the advantage — they are not sub-
ject to such wide-spread attacks as are those which publish
their revolutionary aims. One of the problems before the
labor movement is that of stating, in American language, the
functions of revolutionary unionism. Radicals should not
needlessly sabotage. Radical unions should guard against the
setting up of rival organizations, but, on the other hand, they
should not go into the American Federation of Labor, except
on their own terms. The radical labor movement must beware
of going off half-cocked."

Of course Jack Beyer, of the I. W. W., boosted his or-
ganization and outlined its affiliation with the One Big Union.
He boasted of tying up the water-front at Philadelphia
through the membership of "7000 negroes and whites" and
declared the I. W. W. has 260,000 members in good stand-
ing, — and is growing fast.

Laidler quotes Cannon of the A. F. of L. as saying that
Gompers is through and that industry is well on the way to
complete socialization. He quotes Swinburne Hale as frankly
admitting the Committee of 48 was "a combination of dis-
contented radicals" and that the movement must succeed be-
cause America "is now run by a soviet of bankers and lawyers.
We demand a government that will protect the privilege of the
workers."

REPRESENTS "LEFT WING"

Trachtenberg was going good at that conference. He
represented the left wing and declared the "lefts" to be in
control of the party. Laidler thus quotes Trachtenberg:

"Capitalism is breaking up; social revolution has already
begun; we must prepare the mass of workers for the great
change. When the revolution comes there must be dictator-
ship of the proletariat during the transitional period — and
the workers alone must be in control. We must get into the
industrial struggle and ally ourselves with the labor move-
ment, urging workers to secure as much control as possible
in industry — and train themselves now for problems of
management.

"We should affiliate with the Third Internationale of
Moscow."

Algernon Lee, in his speech to the conference, blamed
William Randolph Hearst for almost destroying the Socialist
Party in 1905, saying that when Hearst organized his "Inde-
pendence Party," the socialists all flocked to it.

There is a lot more of this kind of stuff in Laidler's official
report of the conference, — but why quote it further? You
have the stage setting and the list of performers. Participants
all ran true to form. You know what they said.

But the last paragraph in Laidler's official report of this
week's conference T must quote for you verbatim. In reading
it you must remember that Zilboorg is the Soviet publicist and
that "wobblies" are members of the I. W. W.

"The final meeting adjourned for a marshmallow
roast and a 'sing' on the mountainside near 'the ruins,'
and listened until past midnight to the Russian folk
songs, led by Gregory Zilboorg, and to Jack Beyer's ab-
sorbing tales of the wobblies."

How romantic, — and how significant, when compared with
the first paragraph in Laidler's report of this conference,
which declared its purposes to be discussion of a
for social progress.

program

PAUSE— AND THINK

Now, — you who have children attending college, — pause a
moment, and think. Was the professor who teaches your girl
or boy sociology or political economy present at that con-
ference? I do not know, — but do you not think you should
find out? That is your job, — and no one else's.

I have been informed that the Intercollegiate Socialist
Society has a total membership .of some 11,000, more than
2000 of whom are active members of the teaching forces in
our leading schools, colleges and universities.

It would not matter much, however, if there were only 20
professors attending those conferences and subscribing to
those principles — if the particular professors who happen to
be teaching your boy or girl are among the twenty, — would it?

One thing for which we must give the socialist professors
credit, — they are playing the game in the open. I have men-

tioned the monthly publication of this Intercollegiate Socialist
Society, "The Socialist Review." Almost any issue of thii
magazine teems with this same sort of propaganda. I h.iv<
before me the issue for August, 1920. The back cover adver-
tisement is by Upton Sinclair, offering his book, "Brass
Checks," for sale.

On page 94 I find the names of the editors and their
respective colleges, as follows:

"Editor, Harry W. Laidler of Wesleyan; managing editor,
W. Harris Crook of Oxford.

"Editorial Board

"James W. Alexander of Princeton
"Evans Clark of Amherst
"H. W. L. Dana of Harvard
"Lewis S. Gannett of Harvard
"Felix Grendon of Columbia
"Jessie Wallace Hughan of Barnard
"Winthrop D. Lane of Michigan
"F. F. Rockwell of Wesleyan
"Alexander Trachtenberg of Trinity

"Contributing Editors
"Louis B. Boudin Stuart Chase

"Arthur Gleason
"Rev. John H. Holmes
"Jas. H. Maurer
"James Oneal

Freda Kirchwey
Florence Kelley
S. Nuorteva
Rev. N. M. Thomas'

Prof. Dana formerly was on the faculty at Columbia, but
with Prof. Cattell, was removed by Dr. Nicholas Murray
Butler because of anti-American activities. Under date of
September 2, 1917, Dr. Butler wrote to Prof. Dana, dis-
missing him, with the following statement:

"You have, throughout the summer, been in close, public
association with individuals and organizations that in one form
or another, are striving to weaken the national effort and
nullify the national will."

Please keep in mind that this was the first six months
during which we were actively engaged in war against

246584

USING THE PULPIT
I already have told you about Prof. Clark and Trachten-
berg Maurer is president of the Pennsylvania Federation of
Labor and a pronounced radical. Jimmie Oneal is general
manager for the Rand Socialist School at New York. Nuor-
teva was private secretary to Ludwig A. K. Martens, so-called
"soviet ambassador" to the United States; he is a Russian and
a recent deportee. The two members of the clergy, Holmes
and Thomas, have been identified with this sort of propa-
ganda for some time; Thomas was a witness for the five so-
cialist members of the New York legislature who were twice
suspended. Rev. Holmes is an agent for Upton Sinclair s
radical publications, and advises his congregation in New
York to read Sinclair's writings— most of which appear in
the extreme Socialist newspaper, The Appeal to Reason.

Among other sympathetic advertisers in the August num-
ber of the Socialist Review, we find the Rand School; Soviet
Russia, official magazine of the Russian Soviet Government;
and the Labor Film Service, which offers dramas, based on
the writings of iconoclasts."

The leading article is by Girolamo Valenti, general labor
organizer for the Italians in New York City, in which the
writer declares Lenin is more popular in Italy than he is in
Russia and that Italy is more completely sovietized than any
country except Russia. He describes how easily and effec-
tively Italian workers have taken possession of industry and
how they can make and un-make governments. He recom-
mends that the American Federation of Labor wake up and
describes the easy manner in which socialization of industry
can be accomplished through strikes.

Other articles are of the same general trend.

"STUDENT" MEMBERS

I also have before me an application blank for member-
ship in the Inter-collegiate Socialist Society. It mentions
"active" members and "student" members. Then there is a
blank line for the name of the applicant and another blank
line for "college or school."

And right here — mothers and fathers, and business men
generally — is another place to pause — and think. Is your boy
or girl being importuned to become a member of this society
and a subscriber for this magazine? I do not know, but do
you not see a very important job looming up before you?

It it not a job you can delegate to "George/Veither;
you cannot pass the buck. If you are too busy — all
right, forget it,— but unless you and your neighbors
who really believe in America and cherish the right of
private property, do give some of your time and thought
and money to courageously defending our principles of
government— your children may not have to worry
about too much business; they may get their "ration"
tickets from the local socialist commissar.

The evidence could be multiplied almost indefinitely, but
if the evidence you have does not warrant shaking off the
lethargy, additional evidence would simply be a waste of
everybody's time. The founder of the Rand School of Social
Science was Professor George Herron, formerly of the faculty
of Grinnell College, Iowa. The most brilliant propagandist
in the radical ranks today is Professor Scott Nearing, who
was relieved of his job at Toledo University, because of his
economic unsoundness. Professor Kirkpatrick, of Chicago, is
the author of some of the most destructive radical literature

of the day.

Helen Pratt Judd, for fifteen years a teacher in the
Wicker Park School at Chicago, was one of the group recently
tried at Chicago, as members of the Communist Labor Party
and charged with advocating the forceful overthrow of the
government. Mrs. Judd was secretary of one of the Com-
munist Labor branches.

O. J. Arness was a teacher in the South High School at
Minneapolis,— with decided radical tendencies. He was dis-
covered to be a member of the I. W. W., in good standing,
was ousted from the high school and is now chief clerk to the
Trades and Labor Defense Committee.

Frederic C. Howe, who was removed as Immigration Com-
missioner at the Port of New York, because of his very

friendly and very cordial relations with Emma Goldman and
other comrades", was formerly a lecturer at the Universities
of Wisconsin and California. He then became publicity man-
ager for the Plumb Plan League. He was one of the charter
members of the Committee of 48.

James H. Collins, of the staff of the Saturday Evening
Post, in that periodical, (issue November 20, 1920) pays his
respects to radicalism generally and has this to say, concern-
ing the efforts being made to bore into the class rooms :

"The spread of radicalism in our colleges is perhaps most
marked of all. The cartoon type of radical, with his whiskers
and bomb, has a very limited field of activity — any police-
man would arrest him on sight. The college radical, on the
contrary, can move in every circle. It is not easy to explain
him. Sometimes he is a self-seeker and loves notoriety.
Again, his hostility to society is based on envy. Ambitious,
but lacking energy, he hates people who succeed through
energy, and sours on life. Some of this intellectual radical-
ism is attributed to the materialism of the age, socialism and
similar philosophies being based on the material concept of
history. Other observers charge it up to slipshod teaching of
history and economics, students lacking the solid grounding
that would put superficial radical theories in proper perspec-
tive. * * *

"The teachings of a radical college professor may have
great influence. In one college recently some of the students
made a demonstration when a radical professor was dropped
from the faculty. * * *

"We regard the parlor Bolshevist, like the soap-box orator,
with amused tolerance. Yet he is dangerous in two ways:
First, as an out-and-out revolutionist who will take your prop-
erty if he gets a chance, enslave or kill you and demonstrate
his philosophy along Russian lines generally — though apart
from this he may be a very likable fellow. Second, if not an
out-and-out revolutionist, then he illustrates the strong intel-
lectual appeal of radical philosophies. These are penetrat-
ing many quiet places by means of radical books and periodi-
cals, and often crop up among teachers, clergymen and other
leaders of normal American communities. * * *

"Never having worked with his hands, nor mingled with
wage earners, nor been creative or constructive in any way
himself, the intellectual radical sees nothing difficult in the
revolutionary program of first tearing everything down and
then building from the ground up, entirely new."

The following paragraph is copied from "The Railsplit-
ter" — published weekly by the journalism class of the Lincoln
High School, Los Angeles — under date of November 12, 1920:
"Mr. Editor:

"Are we coming to school to learn Anarchy or Bolshevism?
That is not what I am coming for, but there is a certain
teacher here that spends most of her time trying to stir up
a hatred between the two great classes of our country, namely:
Labor and Capital. She says that America is behind the
times and then she named several countries, such as Italy,
Russia and Germany, that are strictly up to date and were
making progress. There is a revolution or civil war in each
one of these countries.

"L. B. R."

PLAN IS INTERNATIONAL

Do not think that this campaign among professors is con-
fined to America ; it is distinctly international, as are all of
the other active branches of the radical movement. At the
last meeting of the International Congress of Socialist Stu-
dents and Graduates, Professor Enrico Ferri, of the Univer-
sity of Palermo, in addressing the delegates, said:

"We should introduce socialism into the student's
mind as a part of science, as a logical and necessary
culmination of the biological and sociological science.
No need of making a direct propaganda which would
frighten many of the listeners. Without pronouncing
the word 'Socialism' once a year, I make two-thirds of
our students socialists."

Just to show that this "indirect" program is becoming quite
prevalent even in the United States, — there is an advertise-
ment on page 488 of the issue of "The Nation" of October
27, 1920, by Charles H. Kerr and Co., publishers of radical
propaganda in Chicago. Note that the word "socialism"

is not used at all. Here is the exact wording of the adver-

tisement :

"Correspondence courses in applied Marxian economics, in
fifteen lessons. We supply study booklets and aid union
locals in analyzing their own industries. Special offers to
clubs. The labor leaders who are beginning to stand out all
over the world are those who are applying Marx to industry."
Clever, isn't it? Bolshevism is simply Marxian social-
ism, plus force. It is the subtle campaign we must fight in
this country.

Federal Judge Martin J. Wade, of Iowa, in addressing the
South Dakota Bar Association at its annual meeting, said:

"Chief Justice White of the Supreme Court of the United
States, tells us of a distinguished public man who had just
been delivering, in one of our great American universities, a
series of lectures on 'Our Constitutional System of Govern-
ment.' He said to me, 'I was surprised to have one of my
listeners — a student far advanced in his university life — say
"It gave me so much pleasure to hear your lectures, for they
were the first kindly words I have heard said about our gov-
ernment since the commencement of my university career."
"Justice White further said: 'I recollect, myself, a few
' years ago, being in the atmosphere of a university, and, feel-
ing that there existed among the student body either a pro-
found apathy — or a great misapprehension as to our govern-
men t — the division of powers which it created, and the limita-
tions which it embraced, and in mentioning this impression to
one quite familiar with the environment, I was surprised to
hear him say, "Oh, yes, you are quite right— that is the im-
pression which here prevails; indeed, I th ink it comes from
the state of mind of the teaching body."

LET US RECAPITULATE

President Grose of DePauw was shown a copy of Pro-
fessor Calhoun's letter, and so were the trustees at Ohio State
University. Prof. Calhoun was relieved all the way round
and is now down at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, helping con-
duct a cooperative association that warehouses supplies in

times of industrial peace and doles them out to strikers in
times of industrial war.

Prof. W. E. Zeuch left the University of Minnesota but
was promptly employed by Cornell University, at Ithaca,
N. Y. He was incensed at me for having made public the
contents of Prof. Calhoun's letter, and I have on my desk a
letter from Prof. Zeuch, dated at Cornell University. I believe
this letter presents quite clearly the magnitude of the task that
some real Americans have got to tackle sooner or later. Here
are extracts from Prof. Zeuch's letter to me:

"First of all, allow me to thank you for making Socialism
an issue; it is the greatest political force in the world today.
If we look to Europe, we find Russia, a socialist soviet re-
public, triumphant over all enemies, internal or external.
Germany is under the control of Socialists; Italy, Belgium,
Holland, Denmark, Norway and Sweden are receiving dicta-
tion from powerful socialist groups. France increased her
socialist vote a half million in the last election and now has
a thirty per cent radical electorate. England will soon have
a labor government which accepts the principles of Socialism.
Other nations on the continent are in similar condition. In
Asia a new Chinese student movement accepts the socialist
view and hopes for the success of Bolshevism in Siberia. In
Japan radical doctrines have been given a tremendous impetus
within the last few years. In South America the Socialists
are organized, and are especially strong in Argentine.

"IDIOCY FOR AMERICA"

"So it goes, no matter what part of the world we survey.
In an era so permeated with this doctrine, it would be the
part of idiocy for America to attempt to remain isolated and
ignorant. The socialists thrive upon intelligent criticism, and
I am sure no group will be more pleased than they with your
attempt to expose their doctrine.

"I hold that Dr. Calhoun has the right, under our laws, to
advocate any idea that he feels just. If there is any place
in America where the free play of ideas should not only be
permitted but encouraged, it is in our universities. When you
drive a socialist out of the university you throw him into the

radical movement. Instead of having an audience of a few
students, he reaches htmdreds through the platform and thou-
sands through the press and pamphlets. This has happened
in this country time and time again: Professors Nearing, Kirk-
patrick, Clark, Calhoun and Sims are doing a thousand times
more to undermine capitalism, outside of the university than
they did in it. Schools for workers are springing up in our
cities and are being taught by these fired professors. They
are educating the labor leadership that will be in control of
this nation in the next decade. The more of them you get
fired, the better. Keep up the good work.

"I am in favor of a world for, of and by the workers.
Divisions among socialists are all over the method of accom-
plishment. Some would carry on a campaign of education and
persuasion among all the people and work through political
action ; others would organize the key industries of each coun-
try and by means of a general strike force the nation to accept
that policy; still others would combine both the political and
the economic weapons. As for myself, I am a guild socialist."

What are we going to do about it ? This is a free country,
you know, — freedom of thought and speech and all that sort
of thing. If all the professors in all the universities in
America would start teaching nothing but socialism tomorrow,
there would be no legal recourse. Furthermore, no thoughtful
American wants any legal recourse against propaganda or
teaching of this sort. The professors as individuals have a
perfect right in America to put their doctrines over, if they
can, but it is not in keeping with the American spirit to have
this sort of economics taught to our boys and girls, and I do
not believe that the fathers and mothers of the boys and girls
who are attending school in America are going to stand for it.

COULD YOU DEBATE IT?

The Socialist propaganda must be intelligently opposed.
If any one of these professors was to announce that he
would address a public meeting in your town and challenge
any citizen in your community to debate extreme socialism
with him, — you could not find any one within a hundred miles
who knows enough about socialism to take a chance.

We have been asleep,— not only at the switch, but at both
terminals.

I have in my files a letter defending the socialist professors
on the ground that their pay is so small that they naturally
cannot be expected to have any respect for the rights of pri-
vate property. There is a measure of truth in this, of course.
We are just awakening all over America to the fact that we
have not paid our teachers a wage commensurate with the
intelligence and patience and sound judgment expected of
them. However, I would never agree to the statement that a
man's patriotism depends upon his income, — neither his
patriotism nor his fealty to the principles of the American
government. Shall we say that a man whose income is only
fifteen hundred dollars a year is warranted in being an anar-
chist ; eighteen hundred dollars a year precludes his being an
anarchist but entitles him to be a bolshevist; two thousand
dollars a year limits him only to communism or socialism;
twenty-two hundred dollars a year excludes all of the other
isms except socialism; — and when he gets up to twenty-five
hundred dollars a year, he has reasonable grounds to become
an American at heart and in action ? This is all wrong. Most
of the best Americans we have in this country are receiving
lees than twenty-five hundred dollars a year compensation.

You must not get the impression that the teaching of social-
ism dominates in the sociological departments of our American
universities, — but its teaching is going on apace. The fact
that so many professors have been discharged from leading
universities for their unsound economic theories is evidence
itself that the presidents and boards of trustees of those uni-
versities are keenly alive to the developments. It is the duty
of all real Americans to strengthen the hands of those pro-
fessors who are valiantly fighting the socialist trend. Hunt
them up in your own community — and help them defend
America.

Among such thorough American professors who are doing
a heroic work at this time are Professor T. N. Carver of the
Department of Economics, Harvard University, and Professor
Laurence LaiTghlin, Emeritus Professor of Economics at the
University of Chicago. Professor Carver has written a very

clear preface to Brasol's "Socialism versus Civilization/' pub-
lished by Seribners and which should be included in every
American library. Professor Laughlin has recently published
ten pamphlets, exposing not only the fallacy of socialism but
also presenting some very excellent suggestions concerning
present industrial difficulties.

When we say that parents of boys and girls attending
school in America should ascertain what sort of economics
their children are being taught, it is in the hope that support
and encouragement will be given to those educators who are
endeavoring to develop sound American economics, — just as
much as to expose the teaching of economic fallacy.

THE REMEDY

We, who love America and believe in her institutions, must
do a little studying. We must learn over again the full mean-
ing of the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States.
We must brush up on the basic reasons for our economic sys-
tem and we must talk these things with our children, so that
they will understand.

Those of us who have children in the high schools and
colleges must talk with them concerning the doctrines that
are advocated by their teachers. We have demonstrated in
America throughout a hundred and thirty years that our
economic system is the greatest incentive to advancement in
civilization, but we must know some of the reasons and be able
to convey those reasons to others.

And we must perfect in each state and in each county
organizations of right-minded Americans who are willing to
devote a little of their thought and time and money to saving
America from those who would bring about a social revolution.

The bomb-throwing anarchist and bullet-shooting radical
will never retard America. The big job is with the pink
variety, — whose poison is injected quietly and where we least
suspect it.

What arc you going to do about it?
Or are you too busy?

Series D6— 15M — 12-20-20