Materia Medica of Ayurveda

MATERIA MEDICA

OF

AYURVEDA

BASED ON

AYURVEDA SAUKHYAM OF TODARANANDA

Vaidya Bhagwan Dash

D.A.M.S., H.P.A., M.A., Ph. D.

Deputy Adviser (Ayurveda)

Ministry of Health &

Family Welfare

New Delhi

Vaidya Lalitesh Kashyap

B.I.M.S.

Senior Physician (Ayurveda)

Central Govt- Health Scheme

Directorate General of Health Services,

New Delhi

If? CONCEPT PUBLISHING COMPANY

JLl NEW E>ELHI

First Published 1980

© Vaidya Bbagwan Dash 1979

Vaidya (Miss) Lalitesh Kashyap

Vaidya Bhagwan Dash (b. 1934- )

Vaidya (Miss) Lalitesh Kashyap (Jb. 1939- >

Published by

Naurang Rai

Concept Publishing Company

H-13, Bah Nagar

NEW DELHI-1 10015 (India)

Printed by

Hans Raj Gupta & Sons,
Anand Parbat,
New Delhi-1 10005

Dedicated to the memory
of

Late PANDIT RAM PRASAD SHARMA

(Ex-Rajavaidya of Patiala)

in

Grateful acknowledgement of his

erudite scholarship and unwearied

services for the revival and

development of Ayurveda

FOREWORD

Though several important works on Ayurveda have been
published till now, there is a large number of works which are
still in the manuscript stage in libraries and could riot see the
light. The name of some of these works we know by coming
across them in commentaries and compilations. The reason is
mostly economic because the texts which are included in the
prospectus are studied in institutions and get priority in publi-
cation while others lag behind. The result is that to-day
teachers and students are not acquainted with even the names
of such texts what of going through them.

Todarananda is a work named on Raja Todaramalla, a
minister of Mughal Emperor Akbar (16th .Cent. A.D.). This
is an encyclopaedic work having Ayurveda Saukhya as a com-
ponent. Ayurveda Saukhya too is a voluminous work dealing
with several aspects of Ayurveda. The present volume deals
with the portion of Materia Medica which is generally known
as Nighantu.

In 1972, when I was editing the Madhava Dravyaguna, I had
the opportunity to see a manuscript of the Ayurveda Saukhya,
I was surprised to find that it followed Madhava's Dravyaguna
faithfully in the context of Nighantu portion though the author
did not mention the name of Madhava or its work anywhere.
It is also to be noted that though m other portions, source
books are quoted explicitly, in Nighatnu portion it is conspi-
cuously absent. Hence, it cannot be said definitely what was
the source of this portion.

It is almost certain that Madhava's Dravyaguna was quite
earlier than the Ayurveda Saukh} a because of its having been
quoted by medieval authors and commentators like Sarvananda
(12th Cent. a.d.) and Vopadeva (13th Cent. a.d.). As regards
Bhava Misra, he happened to be in 16th Cent. A.D. and thus

viii Materia Medica

may be contemporary to the work Ayurveda Saukhya. The
verses of the Bhava Prakasa found in the Ayurveda Saukhya
lead us to think that either these verses are later interpolations
(particularly if they are not found in majority of the MSS.) or
Bhava Misra himself might be associated with this work. A
number of expert scholars of Banaras were engaged by Raja
Todaramalla for this encyclopaedic work, and it is not improb-
able if Bhava Miira, a resident of Magadha (Gaya) adjoining
Kashi and a renowned expert of Dravya guria himself participat-
ed in this great task. It is to be noted that Bhava Misra, apart
from the Bhava Prakasa Nighantu, also composed another
Nighantu entitled Guna ratna maid. Without close association,
it becomes difficult to explain such situations. The possibility
of a common source of both the authors, as proposed by the
editor, is also not improbable.

Vaidya Bhagwan Dash, the editor of this work, is well-
known for his devotion to enriching the literature of Ayurveda
and also to making it intelligible to the outer world. He has
done this job with great labour and deserves congratulations
not only of myself but of the entire circle of intellectuals
interested in the study of Ayurveda. I hope, he will be able to
bring out other remaining volumes so as to present a total
picture of the work.

Banaras Hindu University, P.V. Sharma

Varanasi Professor and

Head of the Department of

Dravyaguna,

20th September 1979 Institute of Medical Sciences

PREFACE

There has been an increasing interest in the utilisation of the
traditional systems of medicine for promotive, preventive and
■curative health services in many countries of the world. Ayurveda
is perhaps the oldest traditional system of medicine in India
catering at present to the medical needs of a, large section of
both the urban and rural population of this country. This system
of medicine has also caught the attention of medical practioners
in the West. The Materia Medica of ayurveda represents a rich
storehouse of knowledge of drugs based on centuries of experi-
ence. Scientists, research workers, physicians and students
interested in ayurveda, often experience great difficulty in
obtaining authentic works on the subject with a translation in a
language generally understood by them. To cater to this long
felt need, we are happy to present here the Materia Medica of
Ayurveda by Raja Todaramalla with its English translation
along with critical notes.

Todaramalla hailed from Oudh in Uttar Pradesh, India.
He was the dewan (Minister) under the great Moghul Emperor
Akbar who ruled during the sixteenth century a.d. The
emperor was well known for his secular outlook. Todaramalla,
in spite of his unquestioned loyalty to this Muslim emperor, was
si staunch follower of Hinduism. It was apparent to him that
Hindu culture in India was in a decadent state and at a low
ebb. Quite apart from religion, even sciences like astrology and
medicine had fallen into disrepute. Very little original work, if
any, was being done in these areas of knowledge and even
the extant texts on various subjects were falling into disuse.
Such of them as were available had been mutilated and subjec-
ted to unauthorised interpolations with the accretion of
superstitious ideas through the centuries.

In his mission to revive and revitalise Hindu culture both
in the religious and secular fields, he took the help of several
•eminent Sanskrit scholars of Varanasi and composed encyclo-

x Materia Medica

paedic works on 23 different subjects by collecting material
from authentic texts which were then available. To this, the
added knowledge and experiences of the experts in the subject
were incorporated. Most of the original texts which were then
utilised for the composition of these works are no more extant
and those which have survived the vicissitudes of time are now
in a mutilated form with several unauthorised and erratic-
interpolations. It is in this context, therefore, that today
Todarmalla's work has gained considerable importance, and it
is for the first time that the Materia Medica portion of his
encyclopaedic work on ayurveda is being brought under print.
The series of works on 23 topics of Hindu culture composed
under the auspices of Raja Todaramalla is called Todarananda
which means "the delight of Todaramalla". The term
saukhyam meaning "happiness" is suffixed to the name of each
text on a particular topic. Thus the text on ayurveda is called
Ayurveda Saukhyam. This Ayurveda Saukhyam comprises
several chapters each one of which is called harsa meaning
"pleasure".

In the beginning of each harsa, mangalacarana or the
auspicious invocation in the form of a prayer to God is furni-
shed. The colophons at the end of each chapter indicate the
contents and chapter number, among others. These invocations
and colophons are missing in some manuscripts.

Calligraphic errors have not left this monumental work
untouched. Six different manuscripts collected fiom various
libraries of India and Nepal were utilised for the collation and
editing of this work. Some of these manuscripts are incomplete.
But in others which -appeared at first to be complete, some
chapter numbers have been arranged and named differently.
Some chapters have also been omitted in some of these manus-
cripts. Therefore, while editing, it was felt desirable to serialise
and renumber all these chapters making up a total of 97. This
was a delicate job to perform because at the end of the chapters,
in some manuscripts, the colophons are missing. For the
preparation of this work on Materia Medica, ten chapters of
Ayurveda Saukhyam have been utilised. On the basis of the
remaining chapters, it is contemplated to prepare separate

Preface xi

volumes on different topics shortly and these texts will be in the
hands of scholars gradually and in stages.

Ayurveda Saukhyam deals with various topics of ayurveda
including fundamental principles, anatomy, physiology, hygiene
and public health, examination of patients, diagnosis, prognosis
and treatment of diseases, iatro-chemistry and materia medica.
Materia Medica and allied topics are found scattered in ten
different chapters of this work. The eighth chapter deals with
the properties of drugs. This chapter is available in five out
of the six manuscripts consulted. In one manuscript, however,
this chapter is left incomplete.

This eighth chapter inter alia deals with some extraneous
topics like vamana (emetic therapy) and virecana (purgation
therapy). These topics, along with other allied topics, like
snehana (oleation therapy), svedana (fomentation therapy),
niriiha and anuvasana (medicated enema), nasya (inhalation
therapy) and rakta moksana (blood letting) are described in
detail in the 85th to 88th chapters of the edited text. It is
proposed to bring out a separate volume on these topics,
which taken together, are called pancakarma therapy. These
extraneous topics, therefore, are excluded from this work. This
8th chapter of the original text is divided into 29 chapters in the
present work— one chapter dealing exclusively with one group
of items.

The 12th chapter of the original text deals with the des-
cription of various groups of drugs collected from classics like
Susruta Samhita. This chapter is, therefore, included in the 30th
chapter of the present work. This chapter is available in three
manuscripts.

The last eight chapters of the original text deal with
mostly the nigharitus or synonyms of drugs and the method of
preparation of some food items. Details of these chapters are
given overleaf :

xii

Materia Medic a

Chapter Nos.
given in the
manuscripts

Chapter Nos.
in the edited
text

Chapter Nos.
in the pre-
sent work

Tlie number of
manuscripts in
which these
chapters are
available

84

90

31

4

85

91

32

2

86

92

33

3

87

93

34

3

88

94

35

3

89

95

36

3

90

96

37

3

91

97

38

3

There are of course, separate texts on the synonyms of
drugs of ayurveda. But most of the extant ayurvedic works on
materia medica invariably provide synonyms of drugs along
with their properties. It is keeping in view this tradition of
ayurveda, and also in order to make the present work more
useful to research workers, physicians and students that these
•eight chapters have been included here-
All the manuscripts procured for the editing of this work
were full of grammatical and syntactical errors. Some of these
mistakes were common to all the manuscripts. Even the arrange-
ment of topics in these manuscripts varied considerably. Many
terms and suffixes used in this work do not stand correct accor-
ding to the tradition of Panini's grammar. The readers will
find some such terms even in the present publication. It is
likely that these mistakes were there in the original texts from
where references were collected and the scholars who did the job
did not think it proper to make any change. The other possibility
is that these errors were introduced by subsequent calhgraphers.

There are some orthographical peculiarities in all the
manuscripts of this work. In several places ria has been used in
the places of na, sa in the place of sa and sa, ba in place of va,
kha in the place of sa, ja in the place of va, ra in the place of la,

Preface

xui

gha in the place of dha and vice versa. In several places the
consonants after ra are duplicated.

While editing this work, the variant readings (which
include some grammatical errors also) are given at the end of
each chapter under Notes and References and the original
manuscripts are referred to as adarsa pustika. Some topics
given in this work are also available in other extant ayurvedic
works. The variant readings in these texts are given at the end
and these extant texts are referred to as akaia. Some portions
of the manuscripts were so corrupt and incomplete that we did
not think it proper to include them in the main text. In view of
their significance from the materia medica point of view, they
are given in the "Notes and References" at the end of the
chapters.

In the manuscripts some texts are originally referred to by
name from where the information was collected by the scholars-
The readings in these texts bear a striking resemblance to those
of Mddhava dravyaguna and Bhava prakasa. The former has been
edited by Prof. P.V. Sharma and published by Chawkhamba
Vidya Bhawan, Varanasi in 1973. References to these works are
conspicuous by their absence in the original manuscripts. How-
ever, to facilitate research and study on this subject, these refer-
ences are provided in the present work in square brackets [ ].
Since the names of these texts are not described in the original
manuscripts, it is very difficult to determine as to who borrowed
from whom. It is also very likely that both have borrowed
their texts from a third source which has since become extinct

While providing the English translation of the text, we
have been very conscious of avoiding mistranslation. Where
equivalent English words are not available, in the English text,
the Sanskrit words have been transliterated as such and printed
in italics. The glossary appended to this work provides a brief
explanation of such terms. The nearest English equivalents of
many such technical terms are given in parentheses in the
English text itself.

The botanical names of most of the medicinal plants are
given in parentheses against the Sanskrit names of drugs in the

xiv Materia Medica

side-headings. Similarly, the English equivalents of animals,
metals, minerals, etc., are provided. Wherever there is any
controversy regarding the correct indentification of a drug,
the botanical or English names have not been provided, lest the
reader should be misguided.

One manuscript of this work was procured from a private
individual of Varanasi. Some scholars had attempted a Hindi
translation of this work. From the language and the paper,
it appears that this attempt was not of recent origin. In some
places, this Hindi translation has been consulted to decide upon
the exact reading of the text.

Acknowledgements

Authors are exceedingly grateful to Pandit Shiv
Sharma, President of the Central Council of Indian Medicine
for supplying two manuscripts of this work from the collections
of his illustrious father Vaidya Rama Prasad Sharma, who was
the Raja Vaidya (Physician to the ruler) of Patiala. Greateful
thanks are also due to the curators of the Abhilekhalaya,
Kathmandu, the Royal Asiatic Society and Sanskrit College
both at Calcutta for providing calligraphic/photostat copies of
the manuscripts of this work available with them.

For the preparation of this work, Subhash Gupta, Kan-
chan Gupta and Sharada Gupta have provided considerable
assistance. The authors are extremely thankful to them.

A publication of this kind may not be a commercially
viable proposition. It must, therefore be said to the credit of
the publishers that they have brought it out in a spirit of
dedication solely with the aim of propagating this unique
science of medicine in the service of the suffering humanity.

Bhagwan Dash

Lalitesh Kashyap

CONTENTS

Foreword vii

Preface ix

Indo-Romanic equivalents of Devanagart xxx

Introduction xxxi

Chapter 1 : Fundamental principles 1-11

Introduction [1-6], rasa (taste) [7-26], guna (attributes)
[27-29], vlrya (potency) [31-32], vipaka (taste that emerges after
digestion) [33-34], prabhava (specific action) [35-36].

Chapter 2 : Properties of Drugs 12

Haritakl [1-18], bibhltaka [19-20], amalakl [21-25], triphala
[26-29], trivrt [30-3 1], raja vrksa [31-33], katuka [33], trayantl
[34], tikta valkali [34], yasa [35], bhu dhatri [35-36], khadira
[36], bhu nimba [37], nimba [37-39], mahanimba [39], parpata
[40], patha [40], kutaja [41-45], hrivera [46], musta [46], ativisa
[46], bilva [47-48], punarnava [49], citraka [50], danti [51] hasti
danti [51], jayapala [52], snuhi [52-53], hemahva [54], arka [55],
aruskara [56], tuvaraka [56-57], guggulu [58-73], srl vasa [73-74],
rasona [75-85], palandu [86-87], grnjanaka [88], ardraka
[89-94], nagara [95-96], pippall [97-100], marica [100-102],
tryusana [102-103], cavika [104], gaja pippall [104], paiica kola
[105], sadusana [105], jala pippalika [106], hingu [107-108],
jlraka [109-110], karavl[lll] upakuncika [111], vaspika [111],
rajika [112], yavanl [112], chichika [113], bhtistrna [113]

xvi Materia Mediccr

kharahva [114], dhanyaka [115-117], jamblra [117], bhariga
[118], surabhi [119], tumburu [120], varvarl [120-121], krsna
gandha [121], sigru [122], madhu sigru [122], varuna [123],
paribhadra [123], bilva [124], patala [124], kasmari [125], vahni
mantha [125], eranda [126], trikantaka [126], kantakarika. [127],
brhati [127], prs^i parni [128], sthira [128], jlnginl [129], bala.
[130], maha bala [130], naga bala [131]. asva gandha [131],
masa parni [132], mudga parni [132], rddhi [132], vrddhi [133],
kakoll [133-134], meda [134-135], jivaka [135-136], rsabhaka
[135-136], asta varga [136-137], visala [137], sariva [138],
gavadanl [138], ananta [139], gundra [139], lodhra [140], savara
lodhra [140], madhuka [141], prapaundanka [142], mafijistha
[142[, laksa [143], musall [143-144], gatavan [144-146], partha
[146], asthi sarhhara [147], markava [147], drona pusplka [148],
giri karnika [148], vrscikali [149], dugdhika [149-150] ahimsra
[150], sudarsana [150], bhargi [151], guftja. [151], jayantl [151],
sairiya [151], prasarinl [152], kokilaksa [152], kulahala [152],
dhuttura [153], halini [154], karavira [154], avartaki [154],.
kosatakl [155], jyotlsmatl [155], brahmi [156], vaca [156],
kukkurunda [157], sankha puspi [157], harhsa pad! [158], mundi
[158-159], malatl [159], mukula [160], naga damanl [160], sirlsa
[161], sikthaka [161], aphuka [162-163], durva, [163] ni£a [164],
darvl [165], avalguja [165-166], prapunnada [166], karafija
[167], kimsuka [167], arista [167], vidanga [168]., asphota
[168], tinisa [168], asana [169], slrniapa [169], dhatakt [169],
kadara [169], apamarga [170], sinduvara [170], lajjalu [170-
171], vamsa [171], rohitaka [172], vrhaddara [172], tagara
[173], kaunti [173], srlvasa [174-175], sarala [174-175], bola
[174-175], kunduru [174-175], granthi parna [174-175], turuska
[174-175], silhaka [174-175], spjkka [174-175], gundra [174-175],
sarja [174-175], mura. [174-175], nakha [174-175], rala [176],
candana [177-179], patanga [179], padmaka [180], sevya [180],
kumkuma [181], kasturi [181], agura [>82], sura daru [182],
kattrna [183], kustha [183], satl [184], kankola [184], jati phala
[185], jati kosa [185], karpura [186-189], rasna [189-190], ela
[190-191], lavanga [191], lata kasturika [192], katphala [192],
madana [193], satahva [194], phalinl [195], gandha priyangtt
[195], hapusa [196], rasna [197], pauskara [197], srngl [198],
varanga [198-199], naga kesara [199], patraka [200], talisa patra
[200-201], vam§a rocana [201], tugakslri [202], vasaka [202-203],

Contents xvii

kumarl [203-204], amrta [204-205], dasa mula [206-209], paftca
kslri vrksa [210-212], paftca valkala [210-212], dhatus [213-214],
svarna [215-222], tara [223-230], tamra [231-235], vanga
[235-23"], naga [238-240], rttika [241-244], karhsya [245], loha
[246-262], upa dhatu [26 3J, abhraka [264-279], maksika [279-
282], haritala [283-285], manah sila [286-287], nllanjana [288],
tutthaka [288-289], kharpara [289], rasaka [290], parada [290-
300], upa rasa [301-303], hingula [303-305], gandhaka [306-311],
silajatu [312-318], ratna and uparatna [319-323], visa [323-332],
kala kuta [332-333], vatsa nabha [333-336], upa visa [336],
gairika [337], svarna gairika [337], srotoftjana [338], sauvlra-
kaftjana [338], sveta marica [339], pita rohin-I [339], vandaka
[339], kaca [340], kasisa [340-341], samkha [341], udadhi mala
[341], Iaghu sankha [341], saurastri [342], panka [342], hasti
mada [343-344], gorocana [344], sindtira [345], kamala [346],
raktotpala [347], kumuda [347], jati [348], karuna [349], mallika
[350], madhavl [351], yuthika [351-352], kubjaka [353], sata-
patrl [354-355], ketaki [356], naipall [356], varsikl [357], cam-
paka [357], raja campaka [358], bakula [358], vaka [359], patala
[360], deva vallabha [361], nipa [361], kadamba [361], tulasi
[362-363], damana [363], phanijjhaka [364], kumuda [365],
utpala [365], sana [366], kovidara [366], karbudara [366],
salmati [366], madhflka [367], yuthika [367], dhatakl [367],
mucukunda [368], mliika [368], jaya [368], vrsa [369], agastya
[369], brahma [370], nimba [370], muskaka [370], asana [370],
kutaja [370], ketaka [371], saireya [371].

Chapter 3 : Different Types of Salt etc. 122

Salt in general [I], saindava [2], gaja [3], samudra [4-5], vida
[5], pakya [6], tankana ksara [7]. sudha ksara [?], svadarhstra
ksara [8], palasa ksara [8], other ksaras [9-11], rucaka [12-13],
krsna lavana [13], romaka lavana [14], audbhida lavana [14],
pamsuja [15], yavasukaja ksara [16], sarjika ksara [16], usah
ksara [17], pacita ksara [17].

Chapter 4 : Sugar cane Juice and its Products 128

Sugar cane juice [1], iksu [3-4], dirgha pora [5], vamsaka [5],
Satapora [5], kantara [6], tapasa [6], kandeksu [6], suclpatra

xviii Materia Medica

etc. [7], kosakara [8], taste of different parts of 'iksu [8], juice
extracted by chewing [9], juice extracted by machine [10], boiled
juice [10], phanita [10-11], guda [12-15], khanda [16], paund-
raka sarkara [16], madhu sarkara [17], samudrikodbhava sar-
kara [17-18]. sarkara in general [18-19].

Chapter 5 : Honey 135

Variety [1], property in general [2-4], paittika [4], bhramara
[5], ksaudra [5], maksika [6], chatra [7-8], arghya [8], auddalika
[9], dalodbhava [10], general description [11-16].

Chapter 6 : Milk & Milk Products 141

Variety [1-2], cow's milk [3], goat's milk [4-5], sheep's
milk [6], buffalo milk [7], camel milk [8], mare's milk [9],
elephant's milk [10], woman's milk [10], general description
[11-33], kslra phena [32-33], containers [34-35], ghana [35],
plyusa [35], morata [36], dadhi kuxcika [37]. takra ktircika [37],
kilata [37], ksiraslka [38], pinda [38-39], general description
[39-41].

Chapter 7 : Curd 154

Property in general [1-2], variety [3-9], curd of cow's milk
[10], curd of buffalo milk [11], curd of goat's milk [12], general
description [13-20], curd of camel's milk [21], curd of sheep
milk [22], curd of mare's milk [22-23], curd of woman's milk
[23-24], curd of elephant's milk [24-25], general description
[25-28], sara and mastu [28-31].

Chapter 8 : Butter Milk 164

Property in general [1-2], variety [2-7], property of different
types [8-9], general description [10-18].

Chapter 9 : Butter and Ghee 171

Butter of cow's milk [1-2], butter of buffalo milk [2-3], milk-
butter [3-4], freshly collected butter [4-5], preserved butter [5],

Contents xix

ghee of cow's milk [6-7] ghee of goat's milk [7-8], ghee of
buffalo milk [8-9], ghee of camel's milk [9-10], ghee of sheep's
milk [10-11], ghee of mare's milk [11-12], ghee of elephant's
milk [12-13], ghee of woman's milk [13-14], ghee prepared of
milk [14], preserved ghee [15-16], ghrta manda [17], Hayam
gavlna [18], preservation [19-23], contra-indication [22-23].

Chapter 10 : Different Types of Oil 179

Property of oil in general [1-2], gingili oil [2-4], linseed oil
[5-6], mustard oil [6-7], castor oil [7-9], kusumbha oil [10],
kosamra oil [11], oil from other plants [U-13], karaftja oil [14],
aristaja oil [14], tuvara oil [15], aruskara oil [15], jyotismat!
oil [16], aksa oil [16-17]. atimukta oil [16-17], aksota oil [16-17],
nalikelaoil [16-17], madhuka oil [16-17], trapusa oil [16-17],
oil [16-17], kusmanda oil [16-17], slesmataka oil [16-17], piyala
ervaru oil [16-17], srtparna oil [18], kimsuka oil [18], oi's for
inhalation [19-20], yavatikta oil [21], sahakara oil [22], general
description [22], sarja rasa oil [23], general description [24-25],
muscle fat and bone marrow [26-29], general description [30].

Chapter 11 : Alcoholic Drinks 188

Properties in general [1-3], asava arista [4-5], sura [6-7],
varum [7-8], different parts [9-10], prasanna [11], kadambarl
[11-12], jagala [12-13], medaka [13], vakkasa [14], kinvaka [14],
madhulaka [15], mardvika [15-17], kharjura [18], gauda [19-20],
madhuka [20-21], sidhu [21-23], sarkara [24], madhvasava [25],
aksika [25-26], jambava & tauvara [26], general description
[27-35]

Chapter 12 : Vinegars 199

Sukta [1-3], kanjika [4-5], tusodaka [5-6], sauvlra l 7-8 1»
aranala [9], dhanyamla [9-10], sandaki [10-12], special prepara-
tion of kafijika [13].

Chapter 13 : Different Types of Urine 204

Variety [1], general property [1-2], cow's urine [3-4], goat's

xx Mataria Medica

nrine [5], sheep's urine [6], buffalo's urine [6-7], elephant's
urine [7-8], urine of horse [8-9], camel's urine [9], urine of
donkey [10], stool of animals [11], human urine [12], general
description [13-14],

Chapter 14 : Different Types of Water 210

Properties in general [1-2], variety [3-13], poisonous water
[13-15], water from hail stone [15-17], water from dew & frost
[17-19], water from snow [20-23], water from earth [23-30],
river water [31-33], water coming out from earth [34-35], water
from spring [36-37], water from pond [38-39], water from
palvala or small pond [40-41], lake water [41-42], caunda water
[43-44], vapl water [45-46], well water [4^-48], vikira water
[49-50], water of the field [51], rain water [52], water in diffe-
rent seasons [53-56], arhsudaka [56-58], water in different
months [58-00], time of collection [61] mode of intake [62],
candia kanta water [63] sea water [63], river water [64-67]
polluted water [68-69], cold water [70-75], boiled water [76-79],
arogyarhbu [80-83], srta sita [83-87], coconut water [88], time of
taking water [89-91], water pollution [92-99], purification of
water [100-102], time taken for digestion [103].

Chapter 15 : Different Types of Rice 241

Rakta sali [1], gaura sastika [2], maha sali [3], kalama [3] r
vrihi [3], patala [4], sowing & transplantation [4], cultivation
[5], general description [6-9]

Chapter 16 : Different Types of Corn and Pulses 245

Syamaka, priyangu, nfvara & koradusa [1], yava [2-3], anu
yava and varhsaja yava [3], godhuma [4-% tila [6-7], mudga
[8-9], vanya mudga [10], masura [10], makusthaka f 1 1], canaka
[11], harenu & satma [12], adhaki [12-13], kulattha [13-14],
vanya kulattha [15], masa [15-16], atmagupta and kakanda [17],
aranya masa [17], raja masa [18], kakanda & atma gupta [19],
atasl and kusumbha [20], nispava [21], sirhbi [21-25], siddhartha
[25-?6], rajika and sarsapa [26], property in preservation [27-28],
germinated corns [29], general descriptian [29-30].

Contents xxi

Chapter 17 : Different Types of Meat 256

J&ngala and anupa [1-15], vilesaya [16-18], guhasaya [19-20],
parna mrga [20-21], viskira [22-24], pratuda [25-28], prasaha
[29-31], gramya [31-32], kulecara [33-35], plava [36-40], kosastha
[41-42], padin [43-46], matsya [46-47], harina [48], ena [49], prsat
[50] mundinl[51], nyanku[51], rsya [52], sasa [52], salyaka [53],
lava [54-57], vartika [57], cataka [58], vesma cataka [58], var-
taka [59], tittiri [60], kukkuta [61], paniya kukkuta [62], Mrita
[63], panduka [64], kapota [65], paravata [65-66], egg [66],
chaga [67-71], mesa [72-73], go [74], asva- [75], mahisa [76],
kadambaka & cakraiiga [77], kacchapa [78], gaja [78-79], varaha
[79], carma citrita sukara [80], khadga [8 1], barhl [82], kapota
[82-84], sarpa [85-86], sankha kurma [86-87], krsna karkata
[87], hamsa [8S], cakravaka etc., [88-89], godha [90], mf*e.aka
[90], description in general [91-96].

Chapter 18 : Different Types of Fish 286

Property in general [1-2], rohita [3], nandikavarta & sakula
[4], pathma [5], srngl etc., [6-7], madgura [8], krsna matsya [8],
ali [9], pryu [9], illisa [10], balanga [10], prostika [11], nandi-
varta [II], dirgha tundaka [12], bhaskara [12], sakula[13],
saillndhu [13] gargabha[14], nhvaka [14], imbika [15], small fish
[15], eggs [16], dry fish [17], pntrified fish [17], burnt fish [17],
river fish [! 8], pond fish [19], sea fish[19-20], well fish [23],
general description [22-32].

Chapter 19 : Fruits 298

Dadima [1-2], nipa etc., [3], karkandhu etc., [4-5J, amra [6-18]
amrataka [19-20], lakuca [21], kara mardaka [21], amla vetasa
[22], tmtidika [22-23], amlika and kosamra [23], airavata &
danta satha [24], naranga [24], nirhbtika [25], raja nimbu [25],
jarhbira [26], karuna [26], matulunga [27], tvak tikta [28]
kesara [29], madhu karkati [30-31], kapittha [31-33], jambu
[33], tinduka [34], priyala [34], parpatika [35], ksiri [36], phalgu
[37], bimbi[37], sami [38], mfdvika [38-42], kadali [43-44],
kasmarya [44], kharjura [45-52], madhuka J52-53], parusaka
F54-55], tala [55-59], narikela [59-60], panasa [61-64], moca[65],

xxii Materia Medica

slsmataka [66], pauskara [66], udumbara [66], valuka [67-68],
tinduka [68], priyala [69], vibhttaka [69], kola [70], amalaka
[70], bijapuraka, sampaka & kosamra [71], vadama [72-73],
pulp in general [74], bad fruits [75].

Chapter 20 : Vegetables 323-

General description [1-2], jivantl [3], tanduliyaka [3], vas-
tuka [4], cili & palankya [5], kasa rnardaka [6], kaka jangha [7],
methika [7], kakamaci [8], satlna [9], harimantha [9], kalaya
[10], raja ksavaka [10-11], manduka parni & gojihvaka [11-12],
sunisannaka [12], cangeri [13], karhcata [14], modaka [14],
varuna& prapunnata [15], vatsadanl etc., [16], kala saka [171,
varsabhti [17], clra bilva, ankura & asana [18], venu karlra [18-
19],^tarQsaka etc., [20], vartaka [21-23], vartaku [24], brhatl
[25], patolo [26], kara vellaka [27], karkotika & hasti karkotika
[27-28], vandhya karkoti & kevuka [28], kusmandaka etc., [29-
31], alabti [32], katu tumbi [32], trapusa, ervaru & kakaru [33-
36], kusmanda nadi [36-37], alabu nalika [37], patolika [38],
upodika [39], aruka [40], nirica [40-41], marusa [41-42], kalarh-
buka [42], hila mocika [43], grisma sundara [43], mula kapotika
[44], mtllaka [45-46], sarsapa [46], rajika & pancangula [47],
kausumbha [47], masa [48], abastini & pattQra [48], nyagrodha
etc., [49], sarhsvedaja [50-53], pinakl [54], vidarl [54], satavarl
[55-56], visa saluka etc., [57], pauskara [58], tala pralamba [58],
mufijataka [59], aluka [59-60], pindaruka [61], surendra kanda
[61], kadali kanda [62], manaka [62], surana & bhtikanda [63],
amlika. kanda [64], kumuda kanda etc., [65], musall [66],
varaha kanda [66-67], tala siras etc., [67-69], general description
[70-71].

Chapter 21 : Group of Best Articles 348-

Dhanya [1], marhsa [2], phala [3], saka [4], ksira, ghrta &
lavana [5], sour and pungent articles [5]. bitter and sweet
articles [6], astringent things [6], sugar cane products & drinks-
[7], miscellaneous [7-9].

Contents xxiii

Chapter 22 : Attributes of six Tastes 352

Sweet [1], sour [2-3], saline [3], pungent [4], bitter [5],
astringent [6],

Chapter 23 : Different Types of Manda 355

Manda [1]; laja manda [2-3], dhanya manda [3-4], vatya
manda [4-5], rakta sail manda [6], astaguna manda [7-8], miscel-
laneous [9-11].

Chapter 24 : Peyas and Allied Preparations 359

Peya [1], vilepl [2], yavagu [3-5], payasa [6], krsara [6], anna
[7-11], ghola bhakta [12], varyanna [13-14].

Chapter 25 : Supa and Allied Preparations 364

Supa [1] yava & canaka saktu [2], sali saktu [3-4], laja
saktu [5], yava saktu [6-8], avalehika [8], mantha [9-12], dha-
nolamba [12], laja [13], prthuka [14], dhana [15], nispava [15],
tandula pista [16],

Chapter 26 : Meat and Its Preparations 370

Marhsa [1-9], mamsa rasa [10-14], sorava [14-15].

Chapter 27 : Yusas and Allied Preparations 376

Mudga yusa [1], raga sadava [2-4], patola & nimbu yusa
[5], mQlaka yiisa [6], kulattha yusa [7] pancamustika yusa
[8-9], navanga yusa [10], other varieties [11-12], yava manda
[13], sarva dhanya manda [14], khada & kambalika [14], dadi-
mamla [15], dhanyamla [16], dadhyamla [16], takramla [17],
krta & akrta yusa [18-19], sandakl [19], raga sandava [20],
rasala [21], panaka [22-24], bhaksya [25], ghyta pura [26],
guda bhaksya [27], madhu sirsaka etc., [28], sattaka [29],
abhisyanda [30], phenaka [31-32], vesavara [33], palala & sas-
kull [33], parpata & kslra parpati [34], paistika bhaksya [34-35],
virudhaka bhaksya [35-37], pupaka [37], other varieties [38-42]
kulmasa [43], miscellaneous [43].

xxiv Materia Medica

Chapter 28 : Amipana 394

Anupana in general [1-2], water [2], hot water [3-4], cold
water [5-6], luke warm water [6], milk & meat soup [7]dhanya-
mla [7], alcohol [8], fruit juice [9], milk [9-10], honey water [10],
miscellaneous [11-19],

Chapter 29 : Substitutes 401

Permissible substitutes of various drugs [1-33], miscellane-
ous [34-38].

Chapter 30 : Groups of Drugs 410

General description [1-7], vidari gandhadi gana [8-9], arag-
vadhadi gana - [10-11], sala saradi gana [12-13], varunadi
gana [14-15], viratarvadi gana [16-17], rodhradi gana [18-19],
arkadi gana [2C-21], surasadi gana [22-23], muskakadi gana
[24-25], krsnadi gana [26-27], eladi gana [28-29], vacadi &
haridradi gana [30-31], kakolyadi gana [32-33], tisakadi gana
[34-35], sarivadi gana [36-37], anjanadi gana [38-39], parusa-
kadi gana [40-41], brhatyadi gana [42-43], guducyadi gana [44],
vatsakadi gana [45-46], mustadi gana [46-47], utpaladi gana
[48], triphala [49-53], tryusana [53-54], tnkarsita [55], amala-
kyadi gana [56], trapvadi gana [57-58], laksadi gana [59-60],
ksudra paftca miila [63], mahat pafica mula [62], dasa mula [63],
vallija pafica mula [64], panca kantaka [65-66], trna pafica
mula [67], kadambadi gana [68], karafljadi gana [69], pafica
kola [70], pacana gana [72], darana gana [73], prapldana gana
[74], sodhana kasaya [75], sarhsodhana varti [76-78], pafica
gavya, etc., [79-81], sarhsodhana ghrta [81-82], sodhana taila
[83], sodhana curna [84], sodhana rasa kriya [85], ropana
kasaya [86], ropana varti [87], ropana kalka [88], ropana ghrta
[89], ropana taila [90], ropana curna and rasaknya [91], utsa-
dana [92], avasadana [93-94], panca valkala [96], asta varga
[97-103], sarvausadhi [104-105], sugandhamalaka [106], tri
sugandhi &. catur jataka [107-109], pafica sugandhi [110],
varardha & adya puspaka [111], maha sugandhi [112], samtar-
pana [113], group of sweet drugs [114-117], group of sour drugs
[118-121], group of saline drugs [121-122], group of pungent

•Contents xxv

drugs [122-124], group of bitter drugs [125-130], group of
astringent drugs [131-134], pancagni [135], groups of drugs for
samsodhana [136], drugs for emesis [137], drugs for purgation
[138], drugs which are both emetic & purgative [139-140],
errhlines [141], group of drugs for alleviation of vayu [143],
group of drugs for alleviation of pitta [144], group of drugs
for alleviation of kapha [145], proper dosage [146], unwhole-
some food for a patient [147], wholesome food & regimens
[148-150], general description [151-154].

■Chapter 31 : Synonyms of Drags 450

(Abhayadi varga)

Upakrama [1], harltaki [2-3], amalaka [4], vibhltaka [4-5],
triphala [5], bhumyamalakl [6], pracinamalaka [6], vasa [7],
guducl [8-9], bilva [9-10], aranl [10], patala & kastha patala [11],
gambhari [12], syonaka [13], mahat parlca raula [14], goksura
[15], sali parni [16], prsni parni [17], brhat kantakarl [18], laghu
kantakarl [19], sveta kantakarl [20], laghu panca mula [20],
dasa mula [21], rdhi and vrddhi [21], kakoli [22], kslra kakoll
[23], meda [23], maha meda [24], jlvaka [24], rsabhaka [25],
asta varga [25], jtvanti [26], madhu yasti [27], masa parni [28],
mudga parni [29], jivanija gana [30], eranda [31], rakta eranda
[32], sariva [33], yavasa [34-35], maha mundi [36], apamarga
[37], rakta apamarga [38], kampillaka [38], danti [39-40], jaya-
pala [41], sveta nisotha [41], syama nisotha [42], indra varunl
[43-44], aragvadha [45], nllim [46], katuki [47], ahkola [48],
sehunda [49], nirhba [50], maha nimba [51], kirata tikta [52],
kutaja [53], indra yava [54], madana phala [55], kamkustha
[56], svarna kslrl [57], satala [58], asmanta [59], kaficanara [60],
nirgundl [61], sephalika [61], mesa s;ngi [62], sveta punarnava
[63], rakta punarnava [64], ksudra varsabhu [64], rasna. [65],
a§va gandha [66], prasaranl [67], satavari [68], maha satavari
[69], bala [70], maha bala [71], an bala [72], tejavati [73],
jyotismati [74], devadtiru [74], sarala [75], puskara mula [76],
kustha [77], karkata sragi [78], rohisa trna [79], katphala [80],
bhargi [81], pasana bheda [82], musta [83], dhatakl [84], vidarl
kanda [85-86], mayika [87], varahl kanda [88], patha [89],
murva [90], mafljistha. [91], hatidra [92], daru handra [93], cakra
-marda [94], vakucl [95], bhrnga raja [96], parpata [97], ^ana

xxvi Materia Medica

puspl [98], traya mana [99], maha jalini [100], ativisa [101],
kakamacl [102], kaka jangha [103], lodhra [104], vrddha dam
[105], devadali [106], hamsa pad! [107], soma valli [108], nakull
[108], vata patri [109], lajjalu [109], musali [110], kapi kacchu
[111], putrafljlva [111], vandhya karkotl [(12], visnu kranta.
[113], samkha puspl [11?], dugdhi [122], arka puspl [123], bhal-
lataka [123] cerapoti [124], drona puspl [125], brahml [126] r
suvarcala [127], matsyaksi [128], nagadamanl [129], gunja. [130],.
vellantara [131], vandaka [132], pindalii [133], chikkini [133],
robitaka [134], moca rasa [135], aja gandh! [136]. saireyaka
[136-137], girikarnika [138], kokilaksa [139], karpasa [140],
arama sitala [140], tamra cuda [141], vami [141], vala mota
[142], sara purhkha [142], mayura. sikha [143], Iaksmana [143],
mamsa rohini [144], asthi samhara [144], arka [145], karaviras
[146], dhastura [147], kalihari [148], kumari [149], bhanga [150],
kancani [150], dflrva [151], garida durva [152], kasa [152],.
darbha [153], mufija [153], nala [154], variisa [154], kburasani
yavani [155], khasa khasa [155], aphxi [156], patala garuda
[156],

Chapter 32 : Synonyms of Drugs 496

(Suntbyadi varga)

£unthi [1], ardraka [2], marica [2], pippall [3], tryusana and
caturuSana [4]. pippall mula [5], cavya [6], gaja pippall [6],
citraka [7], panca kola, sadiisana [8], sata puspa [9], misreya.
[10], raethi [10], aja moda [11], jira [12], upakuflcika [13] r
yavani [14-15], aja gandha [16], vaca [17], hapusa [18], vidanga
[19], dhanyaka [20], hingu patri [21], hingu [22], vamsa rocana
[23], saindhava [24], sauvarcala [24], vida [25], samudra lavana
[25], audbhida lavana [26], romaka lavana [26], pamsu lavana
[27], kaca lavana [27], yava ksara [28], svarji ksara [28], tankana
[29], sudha ksara [29], sarva ksara [30].

Chapter 33 : Synonyms of Drugs 507

(Karpuradi varga)

Karptira [1], kasturl [2], candana [3], rakta candana [4],.
pita candana [5], krsnaguru [6], kurhkuma [7], sila rasa [8],.
jatiphala [9], jati patri [9], lavanga [10], kamkola [11], suks-

Contents xxvii

maila [11], sthulaila [12], tvak [13], teja patra [14], naga kesara
[14-15], tri sugandhi & caturjataka [16], talL-a [17], sara'a T18] y
srivasa [18], bala [19], jatamamsl [20], uslra [21], renuka [21],
priyarigu [22], paripela [22], saileya [23], kunduru [23], guggulu
[24], rala [25], sthauneyaka [26], coraka [26], ekangi [27], kar-
cura [27], sati [28], sprkka [28], granthi parm [29], nail [29],
padmaka [30], pundarlka [30], tagara [31], gorocana [32],
nakha [33], patanga [34], laksa [35], parpatl [3f], padma
[36-37], padma carinl [37], sveta karaala [38-40], raktotpala
[40], nllotpala [41], kalhara [42], kamala kesara [42], padma
bija [43], mrnala [43], saluka [44], jatl [44-45], malatl [46],
yuthika [46-47], sevatl [47-48], ketakl [49], vasantl [50],
madhavl [50-51], punnaga [52], vakula [53], kunda [54], muca-
kunda [54], vela [55-56], bandhu jlva [56], japa [57], sindOrl
[57], tulasl [58], maruvaka [59], damana [59-60], kutheraka
[60-61].

Chapter 34 : Synonyms of Drugs 529*

(Suvarnadi varga)

Suvarna [1], rupyaka [2], tSmra [2], kamsya [3], pittala [4]„
vanga [5], naga [5], lauha [6], mandura [6], parada [7], abhra
[8], gandhaka [8], makslka [9], manahsila [9], hantala [10],
gainka [11], tuttha [12], kaslsa [13], hingula [14], sindura [14],
sauvira afijana [15], srotonjana [15], rasafijana [16], puspaiijana
[17], sila jatu [18], bola [19], sphatika [19], samudra phena [20],
pravala [21], mukta. [21], manikya [22], surya kanta [22],
candra kanta [23], gomeda [23], hlra [24], vaidurya [24], mara-
kata [25], Sukti [25], samkha [26], laghu samkha [26], kapar-
dika [27], khatika [27], gauda pasaria [28], panka and valuka
[28], cumbaka pasana [29], kaca [29].

Chapter 35 : Synonyms of Drugs 541

(Vatadi varga)

Vata [1], asvattha [2], udurhbara [3], kasthodumbara [4],
plaksa [4], nandl [5], kadarhba [5], arjuna [6], sirisa [7], arta-
gala [8], vetasa [8], jala vetasa [9], samudra phala [9], slesma.-
taka [10], pilu [11-12], saka [12], sala [13], tamala [13], khadira
[14], vit khadira [15], babbula [15], vijaya sara [16], unisa [16],

xxviii Materia Medico

bhurja [17], palasa [17], dhava \l%], dhanvana [19], aja karna
[19], varuna [20], jingini [20], sallakl [21], ingudl [22], karaharl
[22], muskaka [23], paribhadra [23], Salmall [24], tragi [25],
sapta parna [26], haridra [26], karanja [27], karafiji [28], saml
[29], sirlsika [30], aristaka [30], sirhsapa [31], agastya [31].

Chapter 36 : Synonyms of Drugs 554

(Draksadi varga)

Draksa [1-4], amra [5-8], jambu [8-10], narikela [11-13],
kharjurika [14-17], silemani kharjura [18], kadali [19-21], dadi-
ma [21-?3], badara [24-27], laghu badara [27-30], ksiri [31-32],
pri>ala [33-34], parusaka [35-36], tinduka [37-39], kirhkinl [40-
4i], aru [41-42], madhuka [42-45], panasa [46-47], lakuca [48-
49j, tala [49-5!], kharbuja [52-53], seva [53-55] amrta [56],
badama [57], mkocaka and pista [58-60], kela [60], aru [61],
afljlra [62], aksota [63], palevaka and malavaka [64-65], tiita
[66], gangeruka and todana [67-69], tuvaraka [70-71], bija
puraka [71-75], madhu karkatika [75-76], narangl [76-77], jam-
biraka [78-79], amla vetasa [79-80], saramlaka [81], nirhbuka
[81-85], karma ranga [86], amlika [87-88], tittidlka [89-90]
karamarda [90-91], kapittha [92-94], kapittha patri [94-95],
amrataka [95-96], rajamra [97], caturamla and pancamla [98-
99], kosamra [99-101], suparl [101-103], tambula [104-105],
lavall [106-107], general description [108-109],

Chapter 37 : Synonyms of Drugs 587

(Kusmandadi varga)

kusmanda [1], kalinga [2], tumbl [2], katu tumbl [3], karkatl
[3], trapusa [4], cirbhati [5], valuka [5-6], kosataki [6-7], raja
kosataki [7], maha kosataki [8], vrntaki [8-9], bimbl [10], kara-
vellaka [10-11], karkotaka [11], vandhya karkotaki [12], kola
simbi [13], dindisa [13], simbi [14], vastuka [14], jlvantaka [15],
cilll [15], kala saka [16], tandullyaka [16-17], phogo [17],
patola [18-19], ciccinda [19], palankya [20], upodika [20],
lonika [21], sunisannaka [22], sira vara [22], sarsapa saka [23],
canaka saka [23], kalaya saka [24], cangerl [24], kasamarda ann
grfljana [25], mulaka [25], kariraka [26], sigru [26-28], Iasuna
J28-29], palandu [29], ksira palandu [30], grrijana [30-32], sura-

Contents xxix.

na[32-33], asthi samhara [33], varahi [34], musall [34], keyu [35],
bhuchatra [35], mana kanda [36], kaseru [36], srrigataka [3 7 ],
pindalu [37-39].

Chapter 38 : Synonyms of Drugs 602

(Jaladi varga and food preparations)

Jala [1], dugdha [2], dadhi [2], takra [3-4], navanlta [5j,
ghrta [5], madya [6], iksu [7], iksu vikara [8-9], madhu [10-11]
madhucchista [12], group of dhanya [12-14], ksirl [15-16],
raga sadava [16-19], khandamra & khandamalaka [19-20],
sikharini [20-22], panaka [23-28], sattaka [28-30], mandaka [30-
33], poiika [34-35], salipista [35-36], godhuma bhaksya [36].
vaidala bhaksya [37], masa bhaksya [37], anya bhaksya [38],
guda yukta bhaksya [38], ghrta pakva bhaksya [39], taila pakva
bhaksya [39], dugdha bhaksya [40], ghrta pfira [41-44], sam-
yava [44-48], madhu slrsaka [48-50], madhu pupaka [50-51],
dadhi pupaka [51-53], visyandana [54-58], lapsika [58-60],
phenika [60-61], modaka [61-64], vataka [64-66], indarl [67],
somalika [67], kundalika [68-71], kulmasa [71-72], mantha [72-
75], saktu [76-79], laja [80-81], dhana [81], prthuka [82], holaka
[83], umvi [84].

Index : I 625

(Glossary of Technical Terms)

Index : II 645

(Drugs and Diet described in this Text)

Index : III 673*

(Synonyms of Drugs)

INDO-ROMANIC EQUIVALENTS
OF DEVNAGARl

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«r: h s: dha ^ i a

INTRODUCTION

The history of the materia medica of ayurveda is "as old
as the Vedas. The Rk Veda (prior to 4500 B.C.), which is the
oldest repository of human knowledge, has described about 67
plants. Other Vedas, namely, Soman, Yajus and Atharvan are
also replete with references to various aspects of ayurveda,
including the description of drugs and their therapeutic effects.
Medicinal plants are also described in the samhita, upanisat and
purana texts.

Ayurveda is an upaveda or subsidiary text of the Atharva
veda and it has the following specialised branches ;

(1) Kaya cikitsa or Internal medicine ;

(2) Salya tantra or Surgery ;

(3) Salakya tantra or the treatment of diseases of head
and neck ;

(4) Agada tantra or Toxicology ;

(5) Bftiita vidyd or the management of seizures by evil
spirits and other mental disorders ;

(6) Bala tantra or Paediatrics ;

(7) Rasayana tantra or Geriatrics including Rejuvenation
therapy ; and

(8) Vajikarana tantra or Science of Aphrodisiacs.

Classics were composed on each of these specialised
branches. In some classics, all these branches of ayurveda were
put together. Prior to the seventh century B.C., many ayurvedic
classics were composed. The important ones, among them, are
Caraka samhita, Siismta samhita, Bhela samhita, Kasyapa sam-
hita and Harita samhita. Most of these texts are not available
in their original form now. Caraka samhita, which was origi-
nally composed by Agnivesa and was called Agnivesa samhita,
was subsequently redacted by Caraka. Even this redacted ver-
sion is not available in its entirety now. Out of 120 chapters,

xxxii Materia Medica'

about 41 chapters were missing and were subsequently added
by a fourth century scholar named Drdhabala. Susruta
samhita. was also redacted by Nagarjuna. The remaining three
texts are not available in their complete form. Harita samhita,
which is available now, appears to be different from the original
one. Subsequently, two texts of Vagbhata, namely, Astanga
hrdaya and Astanga samgraha were added to this series of
classics and both these works are available m their complete-
form. In all these important ayurvedic classics, separate chap-
ters are provided for the description of drugs and their therapeu-
tic properties. The fundamental principles dealing with the
concept of drug composition and drug action are also described
in these texts. Dravya guna or materia medica, as a separate
text, came into existence much later.

The advent of Buddhism in India brought considerable
change in the practice of ayurveda. Surgery, the performance of
which is invaiiably associated with pain, was treated as a form
of hirixsa or violence, and therefore, its practice was banned. To
compensate this loss, and to alleviate the sufferings of ailing hu-
manity, more drugs were added during this period to ayurvedic
materia medica. Prior to this period, metals and minerals were
no doubt used for therapeutic purposes. But their use was in a
crude form and they were sparingly used. Buddhist scholars
added considerably to the metals and minerals in ayurvedic
materia medica, inasmuch as Rasa testra or Iatro-chemistry,
formed a specialised branch and many authentic texts were
composed on this subject. Thus, the loss by discarding the
practice of surgery was well compensated by the addition
of iatro-chemistry to the materia medica of ayurveda during
this period.

Some of the Buddhist rulers, like Asoka, established seve-
ral herb-gardens, so that people could get drugs conveniently
for the treatment of their diseases. Buddhist monks were
encouraged to learn ayurveda and practise it, which was consi-
dered to be the most convenient and popular method of sprea-
ding the teachings of their Preceptor. Thus, through Buddhism,
ayurveda spread -to Sri Lanka, Nepal, Tibet, Mongolia, the
Buriyat Republic of Soviet Russia, China, Korea, Japan and.

Introduction xxxiii

other South-East Asian countries. Ayurvedic texts, including
texts on materia medica, were translated into the languages of
these countries and these are still available in translated form
even though some of their originals have become extinct in the
country of their origin. Based upon the fundamental principles
of ayurveda, some local herbs, diet and drinks were included ia
the traditional medicine of the respective countries. The
materia medica of ayurveda was thus enriched.

India was severally invaded by outsiders like the Greeks,
the Saks and the Hoons. When these people came into contact
with the rich tradition of India, especially the medical
science, they carried back with them medicines and doctors.
Indian doctors who went with them, translated ayurvedic
texts into their languages. The new drugs which were specially
used in those places were incorporated into the ayurvedic phar-
macopoeia. Such repeated exchanges of scholars enriched
ayurveda and its materia medica. Through commercial channels
ayurvedic drugs and spices were exported to these countries
and they were held in high esteem there.

Several universities were established during this period for
imparting theoretical and practical training in different religious
and secular subjects. Taxila and Nalanda were the two such
universities which attracted not only intellectuals, from different
parts of this country but many from abroad. In Taxila, there
was a medical faculty with Atreya as its Chairman. In Bud-
dhist literature, there are many interesting stories and anecdotes
about the activities of these universities, their scholars and
faculty members. One such anecdote is related to Jlvaka who
was three times crowned as the King of Physicians because of
his proficiency in the art of healing. He was an expert in
paediatrics and brain surgery. It was the practice at that time
for candidates desirous of admission to the faculty in the uni-
versity to appear for a test before the Dvarapala or the
gate-keeper. Jlvaka and several other princes had to face
these tests before being considered for admission to the medi-
cal faculty. They were asked to go to the nearby forests
and collect as many plants as possible, which did not possess
any medicinal property. By the evening candidates returned

xxxi V Ma tei ia Medica

with several plants which they considered to be free from
medicinal properties. Jlvaka did not return for several days
and, when he did, he was empty handed. On a query from
the gate-keeper, Jlvaka replied, "I could not find any plant,
or for that matter anything which does not have medicinal
value." He alone was selected for admission to the medical
faculty. This was the status of knowledge of the candidates
for the medical faculty at that time. This was the time when
the knowledge of materia medica became highly developed.

As has been mentioned before, Buddhism was partially
responsible for the arrest of development in some branches of
ayurveda. Foreigners who ruled over India brought with them
medicines and medical men from their own countries and pat-
ronised them. The practice of ayurveda, thus, lost the support
and patronage of the rulers. Apart from foreign invasions,
during the medieval period, the ruling states in this sub-conti-
nent itself were engaged in fighting amongst themselves. The
spread of Buddhism was so rapid among the masses of India
and abroad that the intellectuals of the country were terribly
afraid for their own existence. While their rulers were engaged
in political battles, these intellectuals quarrelled among them-
selves in the name of religion. During this process, many
libraries were burnt. Quite apart from any original thinking,
the scholars could not preserve even the books which had already
been composed prior to this period. The practice of ayurveda
was despised. It was considered sinful to touch a dead body or
a woman giving birth to a child. Thus, the practice of obste-
trics, anatomical dissections and surgery went out of the hands
of the physicians. Examination of urine and stool was consi-
dered unclean. Pulse examination by touching the patient was
frowned upon. Thus, the practitioners of ayurveda became out-
castes. The profession did not attract intellectuals. Specialised
branches disappeared from the scene. What remained were
only a few medicines for a few diseases and these were practised
by people of low intellectual calibre.

Because of the arrest of the progress, many supersti-
tious interpolations and redactions crept into the medical
texts. Even these texts were not readily available Such was the

Inti oduction xxx v

state of affair during the sixteenth century A.D. which moved
Raja Todaramalla to salvage the remanants of these sciences
from the then available mutilated texts by incorporating the
knowledge and experience of the scholars of that time. In this
encyclopaedic work different topics of ayurveda are described in
91 chapters. Out of these, only ten selected chapters have been
utilised for preparation of the present work on materia medica.

Literature on Ayurvedic materia medica

The oldest text on the materia medica of ayurveda now
extant is the Rasa vaisesika of Nagarjuna (fifth century A.D.).
It deals, among others, with various concepts of drug composi-
tion and drug action. During the medieval period, the Astanga
nighantu was composed by one Vahatacarya. This work
describes the synonyms of drugs belonging to various groups or
ganas of Astanga sarhgraha. This Vahatacarya seems to be
different from Vagbhata, the author of Astanga hrdaya and
Astanga sarhgraha. This seems to be the work done during the
eighth century A.D..

The Paryaya ratnamala of Madhava (9th century A.D.)
describes the synonyms of different groups of drugs. Dhanvantari
nighantu is perhaps the most popular text where the properties
of different groups of drugs are described along with their
synonyms. This work was composed prior to the thirteenth
century A.D. Nighantu sesa was composed by a Jain scholar
namely Hemacandra in twelfth century A.D. It contains the
synonyms of different types of plants. Sodhala nigltantu is ano-
ther important work on the materia medica of ayurveda next
to Dhanvantari nighafu. It was composed during the twelfth
century A.D. Madanapala nighantu composed by Madana pala
in 1374 A.D. describes the properties of different types of drugs.
Kaiyadeva nighantu written by Kaiyadeva, describes the proper-
ties of 9 groups of drugs. It was composed during A.D. 1450.
Bhava misra composed an encyclopaedic work called Bhavapra-
kasa during the sixteenth century A.D. It has a separate section
on the description of drugs and their synonyms. Besides, several
texts on rasa §astra were composed djring this period. In these
texts the properties of metals and minerals and a few vegetable
as well as animal products are also described.

Xxxvi Materia Medico,

These texts on the materia medica of ayurveda were
composed prior to the composition of Ayurveda Saukhyam of
Todarananda. Many verses of Ayurveda Saukhyam are also
available in the Bhava-prakdsa, Ayurveda prakasa and Madhava
nighantu, even though these names are not quoted by the author.
A cursory glance through the text of Ay urveda Saukhyam of
Todaramalla indicates that the author has taken care to indicate
the name of the text or the author from where material has been
compiled. Madhava nighantu, Ayurveda prakasa and Bhava
prakasa were already composed when Jlyurveda Saukhyam was
under preparation. Either these works were not considered im-
portant enough to be cited as references or they were not avail-
able to the scholars who compiled the text of Ayurveda Saukh-
yam. The identity of the texts between these works namely,
Ayurveda Saukhyam on the one hand, and Madhava nighantu,
Ayurveda prakasa and Bhava prakasa on the other, indicates
that all of them might have collected their textual material
from another work which has since gone extinct.

The classification of drugs, food and drinks in these texts,
vary from each other. The system of classification followed
by Madhava nighantu is closer to the classification followed in.
Ayurveda Saukhyam.

Basic Concepts regarding the Creation of the universe

Ayurveda has drawn its basic concepts from the different
philosophical systems of ancient India. The Samkya-Patah-
jala system and the Nyaya-Vaisesika system have considerably
influenced the physical, physico-chemical, physiological and
pharmocological theories of ayurveda. Sdinkya-Pdtanjala"
system accounts for the creation of the universe and composi-
t'on of matter on the principles of cosmic evolution. The
Nyaya vaisesika system lays down the methodology of scienti-
fic studies and elaborates the concepts of mechanics, physics.
and chemistry.

The manifested world, according to the Samkya is an evo-
lution of the unmanifested Prakrti or primordial matter, stuff,
which is conceived as formless and undifferentiated, limitless
and ubiquitous, indestructible and undecaying, ungrounded and

Introduction xxxvii

uncontrolled as well as without beginning and without end.
This unity of Prakrti is a mere abstraction. It is in reality an
undifferentiated manifold and indeterminate infinite continuum
of three attributes called (1) the sattva (2) the rajas and
(3) the tamas. The sattva attribute is the medium of reflection
of intelligence. The rajas represents the energy which creates a
tendency for work by overcoming resistance. The tamas is the
mass or inertia where the effects of rajas and sattva in the form
•of energy and conscience respectively are manifested.

These three gunas or attributes are interdependant. The
rajas, in combination with the sattva, helps in the creation of
the sensory and motor faculties including the mental faculty.
The rajas, in combination with tamas, gives rise to theiive cate-
gories of tanmatids which are also known as subtle bhutas.
These tanmdti as are in the form of quanta of different types of
■energy, which, by different types of of permutation and combi-
nation, gives rise to different categories of material. All these
quanta of energy are present in all the types of matter. There-
fore, there is nothing like a pure substance consisting of only
one type of energy. It is at this stage that the energy is trans-
formed into matter with undifferentiable distinction.

These unmanifested tanmdtrds and the manifested mahabhu-
ias are of five types namely, prthvi, ap, tejas, vayu and dkdsa.
Since there is nothing like a pure substance, as has already
been explained, the substance of a drug is called pdrthiva,
opya, taijasa, vayaviya or akdsiya, depending upon the pre-
dominance of the tanmdtrds of prthvi, ap, tejas, vayu and
dkdsa respectively in its composition.

According to Nyaya-Vaisesika system, there are nine drav-
yas or categories of matter. They are the five mahd bhutas,
namely, prthvi, ap, tejas, vayu and dkdsa and dik (direction or
space), kala (time), dtman (soul) and manas (mind). It is signi-
ficant to note here that the time and space are considered in
Nyaya-Vvaisesika as two different categories of matter. Similarly,
dtman and manas are also considered as matter. Thus, accord-
ing to Nyaya-Vaisesika, the entire universe, including the -time,
.space, soul and mind is of nine categories. Depending upon

xxxviii Materia Medica

their attributes all the basic atoms of modern physics and
chemistry can be classified into these five categories of maha-
bhutas. If these items are to be explained according to the
Samkya-Patanjala system then each one of these atoms is a
conglomeration of five categories of energy or tanmatras, having
a mass in the form of prthvT, cohesion or gravitation in the
form of ap, heat or light in the form of tejas, 'motion in the
form of vayu and intermittant space in the form of akasa
tanmatra. Thus, the Nyaya-Vaisesika concept of matter begins,
from where the Samkhya-Pdtanjala concept of matter ends.
There is a subtle difference between these two concepts.

These mahabhutas are present both in drugs and in human
bodies, . in a particular proportion. The human body grows-
during young age, gains stability during adulthood and gets
decayed or reduced during the old age. During all these
stages of human life, these mahabhutas remain in a particular
proportion in a state of equilibrium in the human body.
During the different stages of life, because of the activities of
life force represented in the form of the action of agni or
enzymes, there is a natural consequence of these mahabhutas
being consumed for the manifestation of energy and heat.
This natural loss is replenished and the hormal growth and
maintenance of stability are achieved by the supplementation
of these mahabhutas through intrinsic and extrinsic sources
i.e., food, drinks, senses, air, light and mental activities.

If there is any change in this equilibrium of mahabhutas
in the human body, it results in disease and decay. To correct
this state of imbalancement, the patients are given different
types of drugs, food, drinks and regimens which help in the
maintenance of this state of equilibrium. This, m brief, is
the concept on the basis of which a drug is selected for the
treatment of a disease. But it is very difficult to ascertain the
nature of the mahabhutas which have undergone changes in the
body. It is also difficult to ascertain the quantum of rnahd-
bhuta present in a particular drug, diet or regimen. , That is-
why, for all practical purposes, this theoretical concept in
ayusveda has further been simplified with a view to enable the
physician to determine with ease and convenience the nature of

Introduction XXXIX

disturbance in the body and the type of drug, diet and regimen
required for a healthy person and a patient.

Composition of Human body

The five mahabhutas which enter into the composition of
the human body are classified into three categories, namely
(1) dosas, (2) the dhatus and (3) the malas. Dosas govern
the physiological and physico-chemical activities of the body
and these are three in number, namely (1) v&yu, (2) pitta and
(3) kapha. (These are often mistranslated as wind, bile and
phlegm respectively). Vayu is responsible for all the move-
ments and sensations, including motor actions inside the body.
Pitta is responsible for all physio-chemical activities of the
body in the form of metabolism, production of heat and
energy. Kapha is the substance which maintains compactness
or cohesiveness in the body by providing the fluid matrix to
it. These dosas are dominated by different mahabhutas as per
the table given below : —

Dosa Dominating mahabhuta

1. Vayu Vayu and akasa mahabhutas

2. Pitta Tejas mahabhuta

3. Kapha Prtkvi and ap mahabhutas.

These dosas, namely, vayu, pitta and kapha, are further
divided into five categories each. Their locations and func-
tions are described in detail in ayurvedic classics. Diseases
that are produced by the aggravation or diminution of dosas
are also described in ayurvedic texts. From these signs and
symptoms manifested in the human body, the physician can
judge the type of mahabhuta that has gone astray resulting in
the manifestation of the disease and this helps the physician
to select a particular drug.

The dhatus are the basic tissue elements of the body.
They are seven in number, namely, (1) rasa or chyle or
plasma, (2) rakta or the red-blood corpuscles, (3) mSrhsa or
muscle tissue, (4) medas or the fat tissue, (5) asthi or bone
tissue, (6) majja or the bone marrow and (7) sukra and rajas or
the sperm and ovum which are responsible for procreation.

XL Materia Medico.

These dhatus or basic tissue elements remain in a particular
proportion in the human body and any change in their equili-
brium leads to disease and decay. Their functions are descri-
hed in detail in ayurvedic classics. Diseases are produced
only -when the dosas interact with these dhatus and this
happens only when there is disturbance in their equilibrium.

These seven dhatus are also composed of live mahabhutas.
However, prthvi mahabhuta predominates in muscle and fat
tissues; Jala mahabhuta predominates in lymph, chyle and
other fluid tissue elements; the hemoglobin fraction of the
blood is primarily composed of tejas mahabhuta', bones are
composed of vdyu mahabhuta and the pores inside the body
are dominated by akasa mahabhuta.

If there is any change in the equilibrium of these dhatus
certain signs and symptoms are manifested in the body which
are described in detail in ayurvedic classics. From these signs
and symptoms, the physician can ascertain the mahabhautic
requirement of the body for the correction of the disease, and
drugs are selected accordingly.

The malas or the waste products are primarily of three
categories, namely, (l)the stool, (2) the urine and (3) the sweat.
These are required to be eliminated regularly. The catabolic
products of the body in the form of unwanted mahabhutas
are eliminated through them. If these are not eliminated in
the required quantity, then this results m disease and
decay, and various signs and symptoms are manifested in the
body. From these signs and symptoms, the physician can
ascertain the exact mahabhautic requirement of the body
and select a drug or recipe for correcting the disease.

Thus, the physician can ascertain the exact position of
the mahabhutas in the body from certain external signs and
symptoms.

Drug Composition

Depending upon the predominance of mahabhutas, drugs

.Introduction

XLI

are classified into five categories details of which are given
the table below :

in

Predominance
-of mahabhuta
in the drug.

(1)
Prthvi

Ap

Tejas

Attributes and actions of the
drug.

(2)

Substances that are heavy, tough,
hard, stable, non-slimy, dense,
gross and abounding in the
quality of smell are dominated
by prthvi; they promote plump-
ness and stability.

Substances that are liquid, unc-
tuous, cold, dull, soft, slimy and
abounding in the qualities of
taste are dominated by ap or
jala; they promote stickiness,
unctuousness, compactness, mois-
tness and happiness.

Substances that are hot, sharp,
subtle, light, ununctuous, non-
slimy and abounding in the qua-
lities of vision are dominated by
tejas; they promote combustion,
metabolism, lustre, radiance
and colour.

■Vayu

Substances that are light, cold,
ununctuous, rough, non-slimy,
subtle and abounding in the
qualities of touch are dominated
by vayu; they promote rough-
ness, aversion, movement, non-
sliminess and lightness.

XLii Materia Medica

(0 00

Akasa Substances that are soft, light,

subtle, smooth and dominated
by the qualities of sound are
dominated by akasa; they pro-
mote softness, porosity and
lightness.

From the above description alone, it becomes difficult at
times to select a particular drug, diet, drink or regimen for the
treatment of a particular disease. To facilitate the understand-
ing of the mahabhautic composition of a drug and to ascertain
its exact action on the human body, drugs are classified into
six categories on the basis of their tastes; into 20 categories on
the basis of their gunas or attributes; into eight or two cate-
gories on the basis of their vlrya or potency and into three cate-
gories on the basis of their vipaka or the taste that emerges
after digestion. In ayurvedic texts, the actions of different
groups of drugs on the above lines are described in detail-
From these tastes (rasas), attributes (gunas), potency (viryay
and the taste that emerges after digestion (vipaka), one can
determine the mahabhautic composition of the drug. The dom-
inating maha bhutas in drugs of different tastes are given in the
table below :

Taste Predominating maha bhutas:

1. Sweet Prthvia.n6.ap

2. Sour Ap and tejas

3. Saline Prthvi and tejas
,4. Pungent Vayu and tejas

5. Bitter Vayu and akasa

6. Astringent Vayu and prthvi.

Mahabhautic predominance for the manifestation of twenty
gunas or attributes is given in the table below :

Guna Predominating maha. bhutas:

1 . Guru (heavy) Prthvi and ap

2. Laghu (light) Tejas, vayu <fe akasa

Introduction

xlh*

3. Sita (cold)

4. Usna (hot)

5. Snigdha (unctuous)

6. Ruksa (ununctuous)
-7. Manda (dull)

8. Tiksna (sharp)

9. Sf/i/ra (stable)

10. Sera (fluid)

11. Mrdu (soft)

12. Kathina (hard)

13. Visada (non-slimy)

14. Picchila (slimy)

15. Slaksna (smooth)

16. Khar a (rough)

17. Suksma (subtle)

18. Sthula (gross)

1 9. Sandra (dense)

20. Drava (liquid)

Ap

Tejas

Ap

Prthvi, tejas and vayu

Prthvi and ap

Tejas

Prthvi.

Vayu and ap

Ap and akasa

Prthvi

Prthvi, tejai, vayu and akasa

Ap

Tejas

Vayu

Tejas, vayu and akasa

Prthvi

Prthvi

Ap

About virya or potency, there are two different views. One
group of scholars hold usna (hot) and sita (cold) to be the two-
types of viryas. Regarding their mahdbhautic composition usna
dravyas are dominated by tejas maha bhiita and sita dravyas are
dominated by ap and prthvi maha bhutas. Another group of
scholars hold eight attributes as viryas and their maha bhautic
composition is given below :

Virya

1. Sita

2. Usna

3. Snigdl.a

4. Ruksa

5. Guru

6. Laghu

7. Manda

8. Tiksna

Predominating maha bhutas-

Prthvi and ap

Tejas

Jala

Vayu

Prthvi and ap

Tejas,, vayu and akasa

Ap

Tejas

Vipaka or the taste of a drug after digestion, is of three-
types, namely, madhura (sweet), amla (sour) and katu (pungent).

xli*v Materia Medica

The mahabliautic composition of these vipakas is determined
according to those of the respective tastes.

The action of some drugs cannot be explained according to
their rasa (taste), guna (attribute), virya (potency) and vipaka
(taste that emerges after digestion). It is because the maha
bhutas which take part in the manifestation of rasa, guna etc.,
do not actually take part in producing the therapeutic action
of the drug. They manifest their action only when the drug is
administered to the patient and this is called prabhava or
specific action.

It will be seen from the above that a drug, diet or drink, for
a healthy person or a patient to prevent and cure a disease, is
not selected empirically but on the basis of a rational theory.
In the ayurvedic texts on materia medica, in respect of each
drug, such rational explanations are not provided because such
details were not found necessary. None the less, these rational
explanations are always kept in view before deciding upon the
therapeutic effect of a drug. On the basis of accumulated
experience and the repeated observations through centuries,
these actions are determined. A physician or a research worker
is supposed to have prior comprehension of the rationality of
these actions on the basis of paribhasd. that is described in the
fundamental concepts. '

Mechanism of Drug Action

Before closing this topic, it will be necessary to explain
some basic differences in the mechanism of drug action bet-
ween ayurveda and the modern allopathic system of medicine.
Ayurveda, like other systems of traditional medicine, has its
unique features. It lays more emphasis on the promotion of
positive health and prevention of diseases. The existence of
organisms and their role in the causation of several infective
diseases in the body have been recognised and elaborated.
But for the prevention and cure of such diseases, the drugs
and therapies prescribed in ayurvedic classics and administered
by ayurvedic physicians do not aim at only killing these organ-
isms. Some of these medicines might have bacteriostatic or bac-
tericidal effects. But most of them do not act in this way. In

Introduction xlv

ayurveda, more emphasis is laid upon the "field" than th?
"seed". If the field is barren then the seed, howsoever potent
it may be, will not germinate. Similarly, howsoever potent
the germ or the bacteria may be, they will not be able to pro-
duce disease in the human body unless the tissues of the body
are fertile (vitiated) enough to accept them and help in their
growth and multiplication. Killing these germs by adminis-
tering medicine would not solve the problem permanently. It
may give instant relief, and perhaps the body resistance during
this period will be developed enough as a reaction to the infec-
tion by these germs which may result m the prevention of
their further attacks. Man cannot live in an absolutely germ-
free atmosphere even though he can minimise it. The only
thing that can be done safely is to keep the tissues of the body
barren and unreceptive towards these germs. Once the body
is afflicted, the tissues should be so conditioned by drugs,
diet and other regimen that these germs or bacteria, by what-
soever name we may call them, will find the atmosphere hos-
tile towards their survival, multiplication and growth. All
medicines and therapies including preventive measures pres-
cribed in ayurveda aim at conditioning the tissues and not
killing the invading organisms.

Allopathic drugs which are employed specially for killing
organisms may produce the same or a similar effect on the
tissues of the body. When they are given in a dose sufficient
to kill the invading organisms, they may simultaneously kill
the friendly organisms in the body as well, and may impair the
normal functioning of the tissues. Thus, they produce side or
toxic effects while curing the disease. Ayurvedic medicines,
on the other hand, while conditioning the tissues of the body
against the organisms, nourish and rejuvenate them. Thus,
when the disease is cured, the individual gets many, side bene-
fits It is because of this that all ayurvedic medicines are
tonics.

Except for a few modern drugs, e.g. minerals and vitamins,
all others are meant exclusively for patients. All ayurvedic drugs,
on the other hand, can be given to both patients and healthy
individuals simultaneously — in patients they cure diseases and-

"XLvi Materia Medica

in kealthly individuals they prevent disease and promote posi-
tive health. To illustrate the point : vasa (Adhatoda vasica
Nees) is very often prescribed by ayurvedic physicians to a
patient suffering from bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis and
even tuberculosis. May be, some fractions of this drug have
properties to kill some of the organisms causing these ailments.
But that is not the primary consideration which motivates the
physician to prescribe this drug. These organisms thrive and
multiply to produce a disease in the respiratory tract and
throat only when the local tissue elements are afflicted with
excessive kapha dosa. Vasa counteracts this aggravated kapha
dosa, and helps in the maintenance of its state of equilibrium
in the body by which the organisms become incapable of pro-
ducing these ailments.

In ayurveda the treatment prescribed does not aim at cor-
recting the afflicted part alone. In the process of manifesta-
tion of the disease several organs are involved. The disease
takes its origin from a particular place. It moves through a
particular channel and then gets manifested in a particular
organ. Therefore, the treatment always aims at correcting the
site of origin, the channels of circulation along with the site
of manifestation of the disease — all together. Take for
example, the treatment of bronchial asthma which in ayur-
vedic parlance is known as tamaka svdsa. The breathing
difficulty in the disease is caused by the spasm of the bronchi,
and to relieve it, antispasmodic drugs are generally prescribed
in modern medicine. But the aim of the ayurvedic treatment
of this disease is different May be, some ayurvedic drugs
used against this disease have this antispasmodic effect which
can be demonstrated even in animals under experiment. But
most of the drugs which are used in this treatment will not
produce any anti-spasmodic effect and a pharmacologist will
be at a loss and reject them as useless in the treatment of
bronchial asthma. A clinician, on the other hand, will appre-
ciate its effects on his patients even though he may not be
able to explain their effects in terms of modern physiological
and pathological concepts. This disease takes its origin from
the stomach and small intestine. The primary aim of the
ayurvedic physician is to correct these two organs either by

Introduction xr.vii

giving emetic therapy, or by giving such medicines which will
keep the bowels clean. Hantaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.)
along with other medicines is useful in correcting these two
organs of the body, and therefore, all preparations indicated
for the treatment of bronchial asthma invariably contain hari-
taki and other drugs having identical properties.

These four topics on (1) the basic concepts regarding the
creation of the universe; (2) composition of the human body;
<3) drug composition and (4) the mechanism of drug action,
■described above are very important to the understanding
and appreciation of the materia medica of ayurveda. At
times, research workers, in their enthusiasm to develop the
new drug from the plant sources, chemically and pharma-
cologically screen the drugs prescribed in the ayurvedic
materia medica without paying any attention to these basic
•concepts and peculiar features of the system. They try to
isolate alkaloids, glycosides and other similar active principles
from these drugs. These so called active principles « are often
not found in some of these ayurvedic drugs and when they are
found they do not necessarily produce the results which are at-
tributed to the whole drug in the ayurvedic materia medica. No
wonder, therefore, that the scientists are disappointed at the
-end of their hard labour and after considerable expenditure
from the State exchequer. Sometimes they come to an erroneous
conclusion that all ayurvedic drugs or at least most of them are
therapeutically useless. This disappointment and wrong con-
clusion could be avoided if the research on ayurvedic drugs is
planned and designed in the beginning, keeping in view these
fundamental principles of ayurveda on drug composition
and drug action.

In the present text on ayurvedic materia medica, only the
single drugs — their synonyms and properties are described
along with a few compound recipes, food articles and drinks.
In actual ayurvedic practice, along with the single drugs, a
number of compound preparations are used. These single
drugs and compound preparations which are in use in ayur-
vedic therapeutics are not free from shortcomings.

XLviii Materia Medics*

Classification of Ayurvedic Drugs

In Ayurveda, more than 8000 medicines — single drugs and'
compound preparations — have been described. In general, these-
ayurvedic drugs can be classified into five categories as follows :

(a) Scientifically Studied Drugs : Some single drugs and
compound preparations, for example, sarpa gandha and yoga-
raja guggulu have been studied scientifically and their thera-
peutic claims verified. Sarpa gandha is useful for high blood
pressure and yoga raja guggulu for rheumatism. The gum
resin of a plant called guggulu is the important ingredient of"
the latter medicine.

(b) Popular Non-toxic Drugs : Some ayurvedic medicines
are popular for their therapeutic utility and of non-toxic cha-
racter- One such medicine is Cyavana prasa. Amalakl is the
important ingredient of this medicine which is useful in treat-
ing chronic diseases of the lungs like chronic bronchitis.

(c) Effective but Toxic Drugs : There are some drugs for
example, bhallataka avaleha, which have known therapeutic
value but which also produce severe toxicity, if used injudi-
ciously. Bhallataka is the important ingredient of this medi-
cine which is used in the treatment of chronic and obstinate
skin diseases, among others.

(d) Drugs of Rare Use : Some drugs, for example, SrT
visnu taila, though mentioned in ayurvedic classics, are not
in extensive use. Only physicians of certain regions of India
use them and claim their efficacy.

(e) Hereditary and Patent Drugs : Some physicians have spe-
cialised in curing certain diseases. The formulae and methods of"
preparation of the drugs they administer are known only to
them or to the trusted members of their family. While some
of the drugs are not as effective as the claims made for them,
some others are found to be very effective. In most cases,
physicians are not at all willing to disclose the formulae; and
even if they give consent, it is associated with a demandi
for heavy financial compensation.

Introduction XLiX

Need For Standardization

In olden days, the physician was rarely required to
be consulted for minor ailments because the senior members
of every family were well acquainted with the use of herbs
available in their vicinity for treating such ailments. The phy-
sician's role in such cases was only to guide the family members
to obtain the correct herb, to process it properly and to instruct
the patient about the dietetic and other regimen to be followed-
Only serious cases were brought to the physician for direct
supervision, and in such cases, he had to prepare his own med-
icines. Things have changed now. At present, the physician
is approached even for a minor ailment. People generally are
not interested in knowing common household remedies or they
do not believe in their efficacy. Thus, ayurvedic physicians,
like modern doctors, have become busy practitioners who are
also hard pressed for time to prepare their own medicines. Even
for dispensing, these physicians are dependant entirely upon
their compounders. As a result, many big commercial firms
supplying medicines to ayurvedic physicians have come into
existence. This, in turn, has led to a number of problems as
follows :

(a) Collection of Premature Herbs : For therapeutic purposes
different parts of medicinal plants are required to be used which,
are to be collected during specified periods. For example,
amalaki should be collected only when the fruits are fully ripe.
Annual plants should be collected before the ripening of seeds,
biennials during spring and perennials during autumn. Twigs
must be of the first year's growth and roots, leaves and bark
should be collected in the cold, hot and lainy seasons respecti-
vely. These instructions are seldom followed during the actual
collection of herbs by large manufacturers of ayurvedic med-
icines.

(b) Improper Processing and Preservation: Usually, raw drugs
are stored for some time before they are processed. Proper
care in processing and preservation is required so that the active
principles of the drugs may not get deteriorated. Dumping
them in bundles or in gunny bags, and keeping them exposed

L Materia Medica

to sun, rain and dust, adversely affect their therapeutic effec-
tiveness.

(c) Methods of Preparation : Various methods are indicated
in ayurvedic texts for 'the preparation of the same medicine.
While some of the methods involve much time and labour,
some others are less expensive. For reasons of economy, quite?
a few pharmacies follow the less expensive methods or develop
some methods which make their products less expensive with
no guarantee that the drugs so prepared are equally effective.
According to ayurvedic texts, raw oil has to be processed before
it is used for the preparation of medicated oil. This process-
ing is known as mw-chana. Pharmacies very rarely resort to
this processing and in the absence of standard methods for
testing these discrepancies in their drug preparation, the physi-'
cians cannot be sure about the effectiveness of the drugs they
prescribe.

(d) Use of Adulterated and Substandard Drugs : Therapeuti-
cally important drugs like vatsa nabha and yasti madhu are often
adulterated and sold in the market at a comparatively cheaper
price. In the absence of any effective control over the sale of
adulterated and spurious drugs, the dealers take full advantage
and sell to their customers anything that resembles, or is made
to resemble the genuine drug. The art of adulteration and pre j
pration of spurious drugs has advanced to such an extent that
even the most experienced among the vaidyasr finds it difficult
to distinguish between genuine and spurious samples. Ayurve-
dic physicians as well as commercial firms are often cheated
and supplied with adulterated stuff. This obviously results in
the circulation of sub-standard drugs in the market:

(e) Substitution of Costly Drugs :• In some ayurvedic texts,
of late, pratinidhi dravyas or official substitutes of many costly
drugs have been prescribed; for example, kustha can be used
in place of puskara mvh and gaja pippali in the place of cavya.
Instead of treating these usages as exceptional cases, the substi-
tutes are often unscrupulously used as a rule (under the shelter
of textual prescriptions) to make the medicinal preparations
cheaper.

Introduction Li

(f) Omission of Ingredients: Generally speaking, compound
preparations are used in ayurvedic medicines. It is often the
total effect of all the ingredients in the formula rather than the
action of individual drugs that plays a vital role in therapeutics.
Drug combinations are envisaged to serve the following
important purposes :

(i) Synergistic action : Trna-panca-mula-kvaiha presents a
case of synergistic action. Even though all the ingredients of
this group are known to be diuretics, still when given together,
they produce marked diuresis which effect is not observed in

individual drugs.

(ii) Combined action : The case of Rasna-saptaka-kvatha
used for the treatment of rheumatic afflictions is illustrative of
the combined action of an ayurvedic medicine. For curing
rheumatism, which is known in ayurveda as ama vata, the
medicine should have sedative, digestive, laxative and anti-
inflammatory action. Of all the ingredients of this drug, rasna
is anti-inflammatory and sedative, ginger promotes digestion,
and the root of eranda is a laxative.

(lii) Neutralizing toxicity : An example of this is the case
of Agni fundi vati. Kupilu is an irritant to the nerves. It cannot
be taken alone in a heavy dose as is required to make it thera-
peutically effective. But it is well tolerated when taken in com-
bination with other drugs, specially after undergoing sodhana.

(iv) Specific Action : An example of this is the case of
Cyavana prdsa. Pippall added to this preparation has heating
effect in addition to anti-tubercular property. The heating effect
of the preparation is neutralized by the addition of other cool-
ing drugs like amalakT. Thus, the medicine is left with a
marked anti-tubercular effect.

Keeping the above points in view, various formulae have
been described for medicinal preparations in ayurvedic classics.
Due to non-availability of drug ingredients or the expense
involved, if any ingredient is accidentally or intentionally
omitted from the preparation then not only is the efficacy
reduced but adverse effects may also be produced at times.

xJi Materia Medica

(g) Improper Storage : Different categories of ayurvedic
preparations which remain effective for a certain limited period
are described in the classics. If these drugs are kept for a
longer period, they lose their potency. Large manufacturing
concerns, however, cannot help neglect this rule; for, the drugs
prepared cannot be consumed immediately but will have to be
sent to their various branches. Hence, there is considerable
lapse of time before the medicine is actually used by the
patient.

Identification of Raw Drugs

It is difficult to correctly identify certain drugs described in
ayurvedic classics due to the following reasons :

(a) Non-availability : Some drugs like Soma and Jivaka are
not available now a days. It is probable that they have
become extinct.

(b) Multiplicity of Names : In ayurvedic classics, drugs are
often described with synonyms. Synonyms apart, the same
drug is known by different names in different parts of the
country. For example, Clitoria ternatea Linn, which is known
in North India as apard jita, is called sarhkha puspi in South
India. But these two have distinct and different therapeutic
attributes or characteristics.

(c) Many Drugs with Same Name : Under the name of
rasnd, thirteen different drugs are being made use of in different
parts of the country for medicinal preparations.

(d) Non-availability of Specific Varieties : The drug haritaki
is said to be of seven varieties. But presently, not more than
four varieties are available. So is the case with other drugs
like bhrngaraja and dilrva.

(e) Exotic Plants : Some plants, though introduced in
India very recently, have grown profusely. Due to lack of
proper knowledge, some of these plants have been given
ayurvedic names which have led to their wrong identification-

Introduction Liii

"For example, Argemone mexicana Linn, is often mistaken for
svarna-ksiri.

(f) Adulteration : Because of short supply, drugs, such as
yasti-madhu, are often adulterated.

(g) Synthetic Preparations : Taking advantage of the heavy
demand from consumers of certain drugs, such as varhsa locana
or bamboo salt, some firms have started manufacturing imita-
tions and synthetic preparations the therapeutic efficacy of which
is in no way comparable to that of the genuine drug.

Difficulties for Identification

Most of the ayurvedic drugs can be identified conveniently.
But there are some, which elude proper identification because
of the following reasons :

(a) Passage of Time : Ayurvedic classics were written about
3000 years ago. Some of the drugs described at that time may
have undergone modifications due to physical and genetic
factors and some others may have become extinct. Thus,
identification of a drug from the physical characteristics men-
tioned in the ayurvedic texts or commentaries thereon is not an
easy task. The plant soma, which is mentioned even in the
Vedas, is described by Susruta as having 15 leaves in total.
On new moon day, the plant, becomes leafless and every
day thereafter, one leaf is added to it till it has 15 leaves on full
moon day. Its root is said to contain a large quantity of an
exhilarating sweet juice. Plants of this description are not,
however, to be seen now.

(b) Inadequate Description : An important plant by name
svarna-ksiri is described as having golden latex and leaves like
those of sariva. This is said to grow in the Himalayas. This
information is, however, very inadequate for identifying the
plant correctly. Whether the contributors to the ayurvedic
classics had a knowledge of systematic botany or not is a
debatable point; but when these texts were compiled, there was
no printing facility, so much so that brevity was always
ihe rule in describing ayurvedic drugs.

ijv Maieria Medica-

re) Loss of Contact : In olden days, learning had to be
done through guru-sisya parampara, which meant that the
disciple had to seek and obtain first-hand knowledge from-
teachers. But with the advent of foreign influence, this tradi-
tional way of learning has been given up. Due to the inade-
quacy of written texts and the absence of direct links to gain;'
deeper knowledge of the ayurvedic classics, it became difficult
for later authors to appreciate what has been originally stated"
in the classics; and this has resulted in incoherent views.
Personal knowledge of drugs available in various surroundings-
has become so meagre that ayurvedic physicians are often
required to seek guidance from cow-herds and forest dwellers-
for the identification of such drugs.

(d) Lack of Facility : Even the available knowledge is not
properly codified. Descriptions of plants and animals are also*
available in texts allied to ayurveda, such as Smrti sastras and:
Dharma testras. They are required to be critically screened.

(e) Observance of Secrecy : In the medieval period, in order-
to prevent the acquisition of ayurvedic knowledge by foreign
invaders and unscrupulous natives, names having more than
one meaning and also with allegorical meanings have been.
used in the texts. Due to the rigidity observed in the selection.
of disciples, some authors died without training even a single-
disciple and the knowledge acquired by them had thus beea.
lost.

(f) Short Supply : Some important raw drugs, such as-
musk and bamboo salt, are m short supply. Hence, their
prices are not only very high but spurious substitutes for them,
are also largely sold in the market.

Procedure for Naming Formulae

The names of the drug formulations are usually based on the-
" following six factors :

(a) Important Ingredient : Some preparations are named':-
after the important ingredient, for example, Amalaki rasayana.

Jntrodu^. tion L\r

(b) Authorship : The name of the sage or rsi who first dis-
covered or patronized the formula is used in naming the drug,
for example, Agastya hantdkl.

(c) Therapeutic Property : The disease for which the for-
mula was indicated is at times used in naming the preparation,
for example, KustLaghna lepa.

(d) First Ingredient of the Formula : The drug that heads
the list in the formula is sometimes used in naming the prepara-
tion, for example, Pippalyasava.

(e) Quantity of Dtug : At times, the preparation is named
after the quantity of drug used, for example, Satpala ghrta.

(f) Part of the Plant : The drug is at times named after
the part of the plant used, for example, Dasa mula kasaya.

Multiplicity of Formulae

There are medicines having the same name but a number
•of different formulae, so much so that each differs from the
-other in composition, ratio' of ingredients, method of prepara-
tion, mode of administration, mode of action, dosage and
anupana. Take, for example, khadiradi vati. It has as many as
eight formulae. In this preparation, the number of ingredients
varies from 5 to 37, and the percentage of the main ingredient,
namely, khadira (catechu) varies from 15 to 92. In four out of
the eight formulae, costly drugs like kasturi or musk are added,
the percentage of musk varying from formula to formula. In
one formula, poisonous drugs like bhalldtaka and bdkuci are
added as they are considered to be effective in obstinate skin
diseases including leprosy. Thus, standardization of such medi-
cines, which must also take into account of these variations,
poses a very difficult problem.

Pharmaceutical Processes

In ayurveda, different pharmaceutical processes are followed
in the preparation of drugs. Besides helping isolation of the

Lvi Materia Medicar

active fraction of the drugs, these processes help make the
medicines:

(a) easily administrate,

(b) tasteful,

(c) digestible and assimilable,

(d) therapeutically more effective,

(e) less toxic and more tolerable, and

(f) more preservable.

Sodhana or Purification

Some raw drugs are required to be used after Sodhana. The?
literal meaning of the word sodhana is purification. But this
Is often misinterpreted to mean that the substance is rendered
physically and chemically pure. Sodhana, no doubt, brings-
about physical and chemical purity to some extent but at times-
more physical and chemical impurities are added to the sub-
stance during certain stages of this processing. By such addi-
tions, the drug becomes less toxic and therapeutically more effec-
tive. Pure aconite, for example, cannot be administered so-
freely as sodhita aconite. Aconite, which is a cardiac depressant^
becomes a cardiac stimulant after sodhana with cow's urine.
Thus, the actual implications of sodhana processes require
detailed study.

Some gum resins, such as guggulu and some drugs contain-
ing volatile oils, such as kustha are also described to undergo'
sodhana by boiling them with milk, go-mutra, etc. Boiling of,
these drugs however, definitely reduces the volatile oil content
which is supposed to be therapeutically very active. The
utility of such purificatory processes should, therefore, be-
studied before proceeding with the standardization of ayur-
vedic drugs.

Ayurveda should not be viewed from the point of his-
tory of medicine alone. Jt is both history and medicine. No-
doubt, there is a history of thousands of years behind it, but it is-
even now a living medical system catering to the health needs-
of millions of people living in India, §n lanka and Nepal

Introduction LVii

including some of the Central Asian and South East Asian
countries. There are several hundreds of trained and regis-
tered practitioners of .ayurveda m these countries and people
have implicit faith in the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs and
therapies of this system. Like other medical systems it has,
of course, its limitations. Advanced civilization and moderni-
sation have not left ayurveda untouched Accidental human
errors and intentional profit motives coupled with the vicissi-
tudes of time have created several problems for this system of
medicine. Therefore, the Ayurvedic drug that is found in the
market may not carry the same therapeutic effect as is claimed
for it in the ayurvedic texts. The reasons for this are elaborated
in the last eight topics of this 'Introduction' for the guidance
of research workers, practitioners and well wishers of this
system. The ayurvedic materia medica provides a rich store-
house of therapeutically effective drugs and these gems are
to be selected with due care for mitigating the miseries of the
suffering humanity."

"There is no letter which is not a mantra (incantation); there
is no root which is not a medicine and there is no human be-
ing who is not useful. Only their yojaka (co-ordinator) is a
rare commodity."

CHAPTER 1

1
srrarsift g^a - ; gfzpjfsf: qrffcrrfSrfVr: ti r ii

A physician who is not acquainted with the good and bad
effects of drugs, diet and regimens, does not correctly know the
things which are useful and harmful for healthy persons and
patients. Therefore, a good physician who desires the welfare
of others, should carefully ascertain the good and bad qualities
of all these things.

^ff^ftsqTTcT: ^rB: tiX^xfi fMTSRt II 3 II

Physicians generally do not like to go through details.
They like books in condensed form. Therefore, this work is
being composed in a condensed form by collecting useful
material (from different sources).

Materia Medica

2,3

3^firff% ff sr#TTft«risrr: sr^fcrRrsr: n v n

In brief, all dhatus, dosas etc., get increased in quantity by
the utilization of homologous material (having similar pro*
perties). They get decreased by the utilization of material having
opposite properties.

z& t& wft tfnf faqw: wfa^r t i

*f%^T5F*TT^TT: q-^^TW^T SR?tf%i3T: II X II

According to Dravyaguna Ratnamala

Rasa (taste), guna (property), vlrya (potency), vipdka (taste
that emerges after digestion) and sakti (specific action) — these
are the five consecutively manifested states of matter.

afsrfawr jvn: ^rPr sftzf faqisp r/=r =^r i

While being lodged inside the matter, sometimes the rasa,
sometimes the guna, sometimes the vuya, sometimes the
vipdka and sometimes the prabhava manifest their effects on the
individual's body.

? ^ q"f ^tt: ^TTcrr: TT5Tre3q?rmf«rgrr: u \s u

Six Tastes

Madhura (sweet), amla (sour), pafu or lavana (saline), kafu
(pungent), tikta (bitter) and kasaya (astringent)— these are the
six rasas (tastes) which are lodged in matter.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of TodarSnanda 3

4

srsreft Sfpr: *F<JS*r: *rs: ?psrT?r^?iT?r: us.li

flrwsfr fafsg^'^rTfa f^F^r: <ftc;qrrg;tfrf|cr; i

Attributes of Sweet taste

Sweet taste is cooling, promoter of the growth of tissue
elements (dhatus), lactation (stanya) and strength. It promotes
eyesight (caksusya), alleviates vdyu and pitta, and causes
obesity, excessive production of waste products (mala) and krmi
(parasites). It is useful for children, old men and persons suff-
ering from consumption and emaciation. It is also useful for
complexion, hair, sense organ and ojas. It is nourishing and
promoter of voice. It is heavy (guru) and it helps in uniting the
broken or torn tissues (sandhanakvt). It is anti-toxic, slimy
(picchila) and unctuous (snigdha). It is conducive to pleasant
feeling and longevity.

When used in excess, it causes jvara (fever) svdsa (asthma),
galaganda (goitre), arbuda (tumour), krmi (parasitic infestation),
sthaulya (obesity), agnimandya (suppression of digestive power),
meha (obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes)* and
diseases caused by the vitiation of medas (adipose tissue) as well
as kapha,

4 Materia Medica

5

IrtPftwfif *ff: sfatf "F^T: T^TTT^: II ?? II

Attributes of Sour Taste

Sour taste is carminative (pacana) and appetiser (rucya).
It produces /?/fta and slesman. It is light, lekhana (which
causes scraping), hot, ra/zz7z slta (cooh'ng from outside) and
kledana (promoter of stickiness). It alleviates vayu. It is
unctuous, sharp and sara (mobile). It reduces sukra (semen),
vibandha (constipation), anaha (tymphanitis) and eye sight. It
causes horripilation and tingling sensation in teeth. It also
causes twitchings in eyes and eyebrows.

^TH^f^^^^S^ II \\ n

When used in excess, it causes bhrama (giddiness), trf
(morbid thirst), daha (burning sensation), timira (cataract),
para (fever), kaiidu (itches), pandutva (anemia), visphota
(postules), sotha (oedema), visarpa (erysipelas) and ku§tha
(obstinate skin diseases including leprosy).

srsrsnrw :

WHS- «tft«pft i&sr. qrerq-: ^fw=[: i

sns^T sTirw?*?: ^flsnrasrrgspar I

Attributes of Saline taste .

Saline taste is sodhana (cleansing), rucya (appetiser) ?nA

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 5

pacana (carminative). It produces kapha and pitta. It reduces
viril'ty (pumstva) and vayu. It causes slothfulness (saithilya)
and softness (mrdutd) of the body. It reduces strength. It
causes salivation and burning sensation in the cheek and throat.

6

[TTWSpPFir: %$WtZ: ^SFWl $ : ?=?o-?*3]

When used in excess, it causes aksipaka (conjunctivitis),
asrapitta (bleeding from different parts of the body), ksata
(consumption), vali (premature wrinkling), palita (premature
graying of hair), khalitya (baldness), ku§fha (obstinate skin dis-
eases including leprosy), visarpa (erysipelas) and trf (morbid
thirst).

7

J^T^: "TT^TT W&ft ^Tfe^T^fm^T: TTTT II ?\s II

Attributes of Pungent taste

Pungent taste aggravates pitta and reduces kapha, krmi
(parasitic infection), kandu (itching) and toxicity. It has pro-
perties of fire (agni) and it aggravates vayu. It reduces stanya
(lactation), medas (fat) and sthaulya (adiposity). It is light. It
causes lacnmation and irritates nose, eyes, mouth and tip of
the tongue. It is dipana (stimulant of digestion), pacana (carmi-
native) and rucya (appetiser)- It causes dryness (sosand) of the

6 Materia Medica

nose. It depletes (sosarta) kleda (sticky substance in the body),
medas (fat), vasa (muscle fat), majja (bone marrow), sakrt
(feces) and mutra (urine). It opens up the channels of circula-
tion. It is ununctuous (ruksaj. It promotes intellect (rnedhyd).
It produces more of feces and constipation.

8
9

^STr^Tt^nT^^q-^t sr^sP [§¥] nun

When used in excess, it causes giddiness, dryness of
mouth, lips and palate and diarrhoea. It also causes pain in
throat etc., murcha (fainting), trf (morbid thirst) and kampa
(shivering). It reduces strength and semen.

3m f5T?E :

10

^rfrr^55f^tsft?SR^T5TlTTB [*T3T] «T^: II R° II

Attributes of Bitter taste

Bitter taste is cooling and it cures morbid thirst, fainting
and fever. It alleviates pitta and kapha. It cures krmi (parasi-
tic infection), kustha (obstinate skxn diseases including leprosy),
visa (poisoning), utklesa (nausea), daha (burning sensation) and
diseases caused by the vitia+ion of blood. Even though bitter
taste itself is not relishing it is an appetiser. It cleanses the
throat, lactation and mouth. It aggravates vayu and stimulates
agni (enzymes responsible for digestion and metabolism). It
dries up the nose. Tt is ununctuous and light.

sfrsfagrR: fisrc:sra*r«mcr«T3rTrrfr^ i

^qTfegfcrq-rsffrft' sr^^aTcrsr^: II ^ II

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Totfarananda *l

When used in excess, it causes iirab. sula (headache),
manyastambha (torticolis), srama (exhaustion), arti (pain), kampa
(tremor), murchd (fainting) and trsa (morbid thirst). It reduces
strength and semen.

Attributes of Astringent taste

Astringent taste is healing (ropana), constipative (grdhi)
and drying (gosana). It aggravates vdyu. It causes sluggishness
in the movement of the tongue and it obstructs the throat as
well as the channels of circulation. It causes constipation.

'tftsffT^Tfit Sr^n^f^ft^TnTTf^cf II R\ II

When used in excess it causes graha (obstruction), adh-
mdna (tymphanitis), hrtpida (pain in cardiac region), dksepana
(convulsions) etc.

'^T^W^SHf^rRT ^rr^rrfwa; II R* II

[^T^sr^Rr : <$W§: srifSRPOT %. ■ ?£*]

Exceptions

AU sweet things aggravate kapha except old sali rice,
mudga (Phaseolus mungo Linn.), wheat, honey, sugar and meat
of animals of jdngala type.

*r*5f farPFr smfr fa^rr srr^Y «r ^Tf^mcf i

cscpii mwt i«fr %^5T>: ^=«r# fair u rv. u

8 Materia Medica

srriRr^crF^rff sfftcr ¥*iw*ptf feTT 11 W n

All sour things aggravate pitta except dhatrl and dadima.
Generally saline things afflict eyesight; but rock salt (saindhava)
is an exception to it. Generally pungent and bitter things are
not aphrodisiac and they aggravate vayu. Sunthi, krsna,
rasona, patola and amrta are, however, exceptions. All astringent
things are generally stambhana (constipative); but abhaya is an
exception to this rule.

11

In the above, properties of drugs having six tastes are
described in general. Combination of various tastes, however,
produces new properties which were non-existent in the original
tastes.

sRtarfrof *TTfcr smi^ mftren i

At times the combination of certain drugs produces poiso-
nous effects; for example, ghee and honey in equal quantities.
Even a poison at times works like ambrosia; for example,
administration of poisonous drugs to a person afflicted by
snake bite.

<FIWir <ix sftecf "PW sftmrfa ^ I
^IcT^C jfe: 5§rB?T^g f%TTT% ^ II -R6. II

Actions of various gupas (attributes)

Things which are laghu (light) are wholesome. They

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda $

alleviate kapha and get digested immediately. Things that are
guru (heavy) alleviate vata. They cause nourishment and
aggravate kapha. They take a long time for digestion.

ferref *PW?: BTTcT^T *pf ^"^5RW I

cft^f fTcPPT STTzfT %^ ^^ToTf <T It ^o »!

Snigdha (unctuous) things aggravate kapha and alleviate
vata. They are aphrodisiac and they promote strength. Ruksa
(ununctuous) things alleviate kapha and aggravate vdyu. Things
that are tiksna (sharp) aggravate pitta and they are generally
lekhana (having scraping property). They alleviate kapha and
vata.

3T«T sfaN :

Virya (Potency)

Virya (potency) is of two categories viz., usna (hot) and
sita (cold). They are inherent in matter. They represent the
agni and soma principles of the three worlds.

Their attributes

Those having usna (hot) potency alleviate vata and kapha
and they aggravate pitta.

Those having sita (cooling) potency cause diseases of
vdyu and kapha', but they alleviate pitta.

10 Materia Medica

Vipaka (Taste that emerges after digestion)

The vipaka of sweet and saline things is madhura (sweet)
and sour things have amla (sour) vipaka. The vipaka of pungent,
bitter and astringent things is generally katu (pungent).

ST"* feTFfiTCf »TTT:

^z\ ^r-dfcr q-^^r *p<p fq^r ^ m^cr ii 3* ii

Attributes of Vipakas

Things having madhura (sweet) vipaka aggravate kapha
and alleviate vata and pitta. Those having afnla (sour) vipaka
aggravate pitta and alleviate diseases of vayu and kapha. Katu
(pungent) vipaka aggravates vayu but alleviates kapha and
pitta (?).

arc swrw :

^pftsfq- ^ 3taft<rcTO f^TSiR^ ii \w\

Prabhava or specific action

The examples of prabhava are dhdtrl and lakuca. They
have similar rasa (taste) etc. But the former alleviates all the
three dosas whereas the latter does not.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 11

13

At times the dravya (matter) itself produces action by its
prabhava. For example, the root of sahaden cures fever when
tied into the head (hair).

NOTES AND REFERENCES

This is the eighth chapter of Ayurveda Saukhyam in
Todarananda and the invocation reads as follows :

1. ifrf^TTT # ffcT W*3 5*cT% <TT3 :

4. TfTT ff T?r: ^fcT vn^k vrs: I

5. sriwrsufr %fa m^. <us: i

6. fTcr^ts^rgTf^cT ^f?r stpf^: its: i

7. scesq-JT ^rr^rsr^Tsn": 5#«w^: ^sr^nr %. : ?=;vi

8. , STf?cr5T§5'sr?rF^t'ss^ft^cT *f?r ?n^% <rra. i

10. feWTT^: ^f?r f§:?fcrj*cr% VT5: I

11. ^3^5 ffcT 5TT^ <TT5: I

12. Iw: ff^r srnf^: ire:

13. -pfepTFRT: ifa «r*5$?5fr TT5; !

CHAPTER 2

i

%T&* ?TcT?r 5TT3T ffTcTT =^ *sprPT5T: I

HaritakT (Terminalia chebula Retz.)

It is called harltaki because of the following :

(1) it grows in the abode of Hara (Lord Siva) i.e. in the
Himalayas ;

(2) it is green (Jiaritd) by nature ;

(3) it cures (harate) all diseases ;

2

sft^^cft 3ffa?ft ^ftTTST qre*TT?J?FTT TRTT I

spn^rFrar ^m ftrsnn favrprsrer n ^ n

The names of different varieties of haritaki have £b,e
following significance ;

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 13

(a) Jivanti because it promotes life (jTvana ) ;

(b) Putana because it purifies (pdvana) ;

(c) Amrtd because it is like ambrosia (amrtd) ;

(d) Vijayd because it endows the user with victory
(yijayd) ;

(e) Abhayd because it takes away fear (bliaya) ;

(f) Rohini because it promotes (what) the attributes
(gunas) ;

(g) Cetakf because it promotes consciousness
(cetand).

*r^rr ft^rT sftrsr fwrr ^prePr>fY n * n
<T^Fft ^prsT ?rt *fm ^ttt 5 -df^ft i

3 .

Different varieties of haritaki have the following charac-
teristics :

(a) Jivanti is golden in colour ;

(b) Putana has a bigger stone ;

(c) Amrtd has three dalas (pieces or fruits in a
bunch)

(d) Vijayd is like a tumbl ;

(e) Abhaya has five a/jgas (pieces) ;

(f ) Rohini is round in shape ,

(g) Cetakf has three angas (pieces),

14 Materia Medica

4

%^?t ^jft?r Piiw^srrs^r sraftfcrar u \s u

Properties of different varieties of haritaki are as below :

(a) JTvantl is useful in all diseases p

(b) Putana is useful in external application ;

(c) Amrta is useful in cleansing the body ;

(d) Vijaya cures all diseases ;

(e) Abhaya is useful in the diseases of bones ;

(f ) Rohini helps in the healing of ulcers ;

(g) Cetaki is useful in potions used in the form of
powder.

These are the seven varieties of haritaki.

^WfaojT ^T?ff %s*TT S*P|<TFFT ^HFFft Hull

5

Attributes

Haritaki has five tastes. It does not possess saline taste.
It is extremely astringent. It is ununctuous, hot, dipana
(digestive stimulant), medhya (promoter of memory), svadu paka
(sweet in vipakd), rasayana (rejuvenating), sara (laxative),
buddhi prada (promoter of intellect), ayusya (promoter of
longevity), caksusya (promoter of eye sight), tymhana (nouri-
shing) and laghu (light),

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Totfarananda 1 5

i^T¥-^rra"-sT^Tw: §^-5fr«fte^*fta; mil

6
7

8

It cures svasa (asthma), kasa (coughing), prameha (obsti-
nate urinary disorders including diabetes), arms (piles), kustha
(obstinate skin diseases including leprosy), sotha (oedema),
udara (obstinate abdominal diseases including ascitis), krrni
(parasitic infections), vaisvarya (hoarseness of voice), graham
dosa (sprue syndrome), vibandha (constipation), visamajvara
(malarial fever), gulma (phantom tumour), adhmdna (tympha-
nitis), vrana (ulcer), chardi (vomiting), hikkd (hiccup), kandu
(itching), hrdamaya (heart disease), kamala (jaundice), sula
(colic pain), anaha (wind formation in stomach) and plihd
(splenic disorder).

*r*55c^TSTcT3m-;ft fa^rr sanjfsreRr. i

txzt: ^qT*TT?*FBS|cj; f^sp^ft ITT?r# II

Because of sour taste it alleviates vdyu ; because of sweet
and bitter tastes it alleviates pitta and because of pungent and
astringent tastes it alleviates kapha. Thus, hantaki alleviates all
the three dosas.

c^lfsra <J *£&$ fcTxR ^5fTf«ra- TFX\ It n H

Tastes predominant m different parts of hantaki are as

follows :

(1) Sweet taste in majjd or pulp ;

(2) Sour taste in fibres and stone ,

16 Materia Medica

(3) Pungent taste in skin ;

(4) Bitter taste in stalk ;

(5) Astringent taste in stone.

9

Characteristics of good quality

Haritaki which is fresh, unctuous, compact, round and
heavy is the best. When put in water it should sink. This
type of haritaki is extremely useful and therapeutically very
effective.

10

ft^-^T *rarf^ft wim ^st q-^r Pretwga; n ?vi i

Different ways of Using

Used in different ways it produces the following effects :

(H when taken by chewing it promotes digestive power ;

(2) when used in paste form it cleanses the bowels ;

(3) when used by steam boiling it is constipative ;

(4) when used after frying it alleviates all the three dosas.

fq-cq^qr f%ftr3: sn=RW*r^ sfhf <r spfrfcra-pr i
tr^tr* ^ftrRftfa-^sft qwg- cr sprer: i i ? ^i i

Use in different seasons

In different seasons haritaki should be used as follows :

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 17

(1) In summer it should be used with equal quantity of
guda;

(2) In rainy season it is to be used with adequate quantity
of saindhava ;

(3) In autumn season it is to be used with 'equal quantity
of purified sugar ;

(4) In the beginning of winter it is to be used with
sunfhi.

(5) In the later part of winter it is to be used with
pippali.

(6) In the spring season it should be mixed with honey
and then used.

O ! King, let your enemies be destroyed as diseases get
destroyed by the use of Jiarltaki in the above mentioned
manner.

^3^ «Ff> ^f% flrf ^f% SHOW I

srefa srRrsTFT ThTF*r#Tt»n«r¥ifN"?n' n ?« it

Usage for different dosas

It alleviates kapha when taken with salt. Pitta is alleviated
when it is taken with sugar. When taken with ghee it cures all
diseases caused by vayn. Taken with guda, haritaki cures all
types of diseases.

Contra-indications

Haritaki should not be used by persons who are extremely
exhausted by travelling, who have lost the lustre of then-
body, who have ununctuous skin, who are emaciated, whose
body is dried up by fasting, whose pitta is aggravated, ladies
who are pregnant and those who have lost their will power.

18 Materia Medica

11

Bibhltaki (Terminalia belerica Roxb.)

Bibhftakf is sweet in vipaka. It is astringent in taste. It
alleviates kapha and pitta. It is hot in potency. It is cooling
in touch. It is bhedana (purgative), kdsa naSana (cures
coughing), ruksa (ununctuous), netrahita (useful for eyesight)
and kesya (useful for hair). It cures parasitic infections and
impaired voice.

f^^s^S^^FncTfft WV. II Ro II

The seed pulp of bibhltaka cures trt (morbid thirst),
chardi (vomiting) and diseases caused by kapha and vata. It
is light.

12

Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)

The seed pulp of amalaki has the same property as that of
bibhltaki. It is intoxicating and sweet.

CfonffcOT STTSftacf fipfg faSPTcT. II R? II

The fruit of dhatn is similar to harftaki in its properties.
It has, however, some specific properties. It cures raktapitta
(a disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body) and prameha (obstinate urinary disorders including
diabetes). It is exceedingly aphrodisiac and rejuvenating.

fffcr WTcf <res*rc3Tfcq - Tf *TsnMc3rcr: i

13

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 19

It alleviates rata because of its sour taste. Because of its
sweet taste and cooling effect it alleviates pitta. Kapha is
alleviated by its ununctuousness and astringent taste. The
fruit of dhatrl alleviate all the three dosas.

STTcf ^ST^IAk^lW f% 5T f%"*fcr: II R3 II

It should aggravate pitta by its sour taste. By its sweet
taste and cooling effect kapha should get aggravated. Its
ununctuousness and astringent taste should aggravate vayu.
Why does it not happen ?

^znf^retsr^pr *x*mw gftrfa: **rcnr i

SPdTSHTspirTgTBT T^T^^fq- l^cTT II ^V U

According to sages this property of dhdtri to alleviate all
the three dosas is because of its prabhdva (specific action). This
property has been explained on the basis of its rasa etc., because
of the existence of such a possibility.

zw 3W3 - sftw *T33rr?PTfq- fafirw 11 ^ w

The potency (ylrya) of the pulp of the seed will be the
same as that of its fruit. This rule is applicable to all plants.

14

Triphald

One fruit of abhayd, two fruits of bibhitaki and four fruits
of dmalaki — taken together these are called triphald.

20 Materia Medica

Siva has five tastes. It is ayusya (promoter of longevity),
caksusya (promoter of eyesight), alavana (free from saline
taste), sara (laxative), medhya (promoter of intellect), usna (hoi)
and dipana (stimulant of digestion). It alleviates dosas, sotha
(oedema), kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy) and
vrana (ulcer).

^ZgFft fsnfN'uT 3[sqT sift^ sfl%: I

Dhdtri has similar properties. It has, however, some
specific properties inasmuch as it is aphrodisiac and it is sita
(cooling) in patency.

15

[W : ^ V^ : ^oo]

Aksa is purgative, purgent, ununctuous and hot. It
cures hoarseness of voice and parasitic infection. It promotes
eyesight. It is sweet in vipaka and astringent in taste. It alleviates
kapha and pitta.

16

17
^STEZIT ^tqift ^TT fwJT^TJTTfenft' II ^5. II

Triphala alleviates kapha and pitta. It cures meha
(obstinate urinary disorders) and kustha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy). It is caksusya (promoter of eyesight),
dipana (digestive stimulant) and rucya (appetiser). It cures
visama jvara (malarial fever).

is

TOf^f |w tt% terror f^nsfacn u 3° u

Trivft (Operculum turpetbara Silva Manso)

The b&9k variety of trivrt alleviates kapha and pitta.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 21

ruksa (ununctuous), madhura (sweet), mifdu recana (laxative),
vatakrt (aggravator of vata), katu pdka (pungent in vipdka) and
astringent in taste.

The reddish (aruna) variety of trivft is slightly inferior in
quality.

^Tf^witfi^r<rexiff? — ftftrq u 3? \\

Rdjavrksa (Cassia fistula Linn.)

For patients suffering from para (fever), hrdroga (heart
disease), vdtdsrk (gout) and uddvarta (upward movement of
wind in abdomen), rdjavrksa is extremely wholesome. It is mrdu
(soft), sweet and cooling.

cTc^ST *TfT W&* ^T?Tfar!TJTfcSR t! 3^ It
ft€ cft^T fa-T s RP?'TSrcff STSHSFR-fq- I

Its fruit is sweet and strength promoting. It reduces
vata, pitta and dma. It is laxative. When taken with water it
cures even the severe type of grdhrasi (sciatica).

Katukd (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.)

Katukd is laxative and ununctuous. It alleviates kapha,
pitta and fever.

Trayantl (Gentiana kurroo Royle)

Trdyanti cures vitiated kapha, pitta and blood gtiffia
(phantom tumour) and fever. It is laxative.

19 20

22 Materia Medica

Tikta valkali

Tikta valkali alleviates vitiated kapha, pitta and blood,
pain, chardi (vomiting) and visa (poisoning).

Yasa (AlhagI pseudalhagi Desv.)

Yasa is laxative. It cures fever, vomiting, aggravated
kapha and pitta and visarpa (erysipelas).

fTTRrr ^ra-fq-TTTW-^-^TDf-sTTrTinr 1

Bhudhatri (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.)

Bhudhatri aggravates vayu. It is bitter, astringent and
sweet in taste. It is cooling. It cures pipasa (morbid thirst),
kasa (coughing), pittasra (a disease characterised by bleeding
from different parts of the body), vitiated kapha, pandu
(anemia) and ksaya (consumption).

ntfkxt f^sq%ff<raf3Pmi u ^ ii

Khadira (Acacia catechu Willd.)

Khadira cures kustha (obstinate skin diseases including
leprosy), visarpa (erysipelas), meha (obstinate urinary disorders
including diabetes), aggravated pitta and visa (poisoning).

Bhunimba (Swertia chirata Buch. — Ham.)

Bhunimba aggravates vayu. It is ununctuous and it
alleviates aggravated kapha and pitta as well as fever.

21

Nimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.)

Nimba cures aggravated pitta and kapha, chardi (vomi-
ting), vrana (ulcer), hrllasa (nausea) and kustha (obstinate skin
djseases including leprosy). It is cooling, constipative and.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 23

digestive stimulant. It cures kdsa (coughing), jvara (fever),
trt (morbid thirst), krmi (parasitic infection) and meha
(obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes).

22

Leaf of nimba promotes eye sight. It cures krmi (para-
sitic infection), aggravated pitta and visa (poisoning).

23

Fruit of nimba is purgative, unctuous and hot. It cures
kusfha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy). It is light.

Maha nimba (Melia azedarach linn.)

Maha nimba is exceedingly constipative, astringent,
ununctuous and cooling.

<rts: fq-Trqs5TfsJncfcT ^^stt^cttt: 1

Parpata (Fumaria parviflora Lam.)

Parpata cures aggravated pitta, trf (morbid thirst), ddha
(burning syndrome) and jvara (fever). It dries up kapha.

24
«TT5KftaT^pP5rft ^Bfq-rf^^FTWJ II Vo ||

Pdfhd (Cissampelos pareira Linn.)

Patha cures atisara (diarrhoea), sula (colic pain), aggrava-
ted kapha and pitta and jvara (fever).

25

ffcw. 5%^3^. ftrRsft <£r#5®s: 3^th; 11 v? \\

Kutaja (Holarrhena antidysenteriea Wall.)

According to scholars, kufaja is of two types viz., male

24 Materia Medica

and female. The male variety has bigger fruits, white flowers
and unctuous as well as long leaves. Its bark is exceedingly
red and thick.

aroj^TT Wtfg^l 3^: SJTTCTWg'aT II v^ n

If the fruits are small, flowers are round in shape and
grayish red in colour and bark is white, then this is undoub-
tedly the female variety of kutaja.

jot jwr sift T?#rmftRTR3cT ii v^ h

arrwsfV srs^: aftszft cicft ft^FrwTS'Rr i

The male variety of kutaja is constipative and it allevia-
tes raktapitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from different
parts of the body) and atisara (diarrhoea). It alleviates vayu
and is useful in pradara (menorrhagia and other allied gynae-
cological disorders).

The female variety is inferior in quality.

According to the sage Parasara; these varieties of kutaja
should be determined from the characteristics of their fruits
and flowers.

26

Kutaja alleviates vitiated kapha, pitta and rakta. It cures
tvagdosa (skin diseases), ar§as (piles) and atisara (diarrhoea).

cTsN TcBpTrTT%?nT3^RfT ff*PT II W. II

Its seed cures raktapitta (a disease characterised by bleed-
ing from different parts of the body), atisara (diarrhoea) and
para (fever). It is cooling.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 25

Hrivera (Coleus vettiveroides K. C. Jacob.)

Hrivera cures chardi (vomiting), hrllasa (nausea), rsnS
(morbid thirst) and atisara (diarrhoea).

Mustd (Cyperus rotundas Linn.)

Musta alleviates kapha. It is pungent and bitter in taste,
sarhgrdhi (constipative) and pdcana (carminative).

27

Ativisd (Aconitum heterophyllom Wall.)

Ativisd alleviates dosas. It is carminative, constipative
and bitter.

Wlvt, T& f^WTq - f^^fcWrecf II VUJ II

ifr/va (Aegle marmelos Corr.)

Unripe and immature fruit of bilva is constipative. It
alleviates kapha and vata. It is a digestive stimulant and
carminative.

Ripe and matured fruit of bilva aggravates all the three
dosas. It is difficult of digestion and produces foul smelling
wind.

^^rerr^^ffT ?rrf^wr fsr^qfspPT i

The pesi (pulp or flesh) of bilva. cures vitiated kapha and
vdyu, dma and sula (colic pain). It is constipative.

Generally, among fruits, matured ones are considered to
be of good quality. Bilva is an exception to this rule inas~
much as its immature fruits are bettei in quality.

26 Materia Medico.

Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.)

Two varieties of punarnava alleviate kapha and vayu,
reduce ama and cure durnaman (piles), vradhna (inguinal
lymphadenitis), sopha (oedema) and udara (obstinate abdo-
minal diseases including ascitis.) They are laxative and hot in
potency. They are rasayana (rejuvenating).

Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.)

Citraka acts like fire during digestion i.e. it is a strong
digestive stimulant. It cures sopha (oedema), arsas (piles),
krmi (parasitic infection) and kustha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy).

sfrfp": %Sirr"T5W fjfa^FseTCHf : 1 1 Roll

The red variety of citraka imparts colour to the hair and
it cures krmi (parasitic infection), kustha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy) and para (fever).

?r§^ft snrrere far^raf?r m ^^ i

Danti (Baliospermum montanum Muell. — Arg.)

Danti has properties similar to those of citraka. However,
because of prabhava (specific action) it causes purgation.

*pq5frf*rf^> sfaFTT ?rftcTSf?ft fw&ft u R? u

Hasti danti (Trichosanthes foracteata Voigt)

Hasti danti alleviates kapha and krmi (parasitic infection). It

is sharp and purgative.

Jayapala (Croton tiglium Linn.)

Jayapala is heavy, unctuous and purgative. It alleviates
pitta and kapha.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 11

**# wnsst^n^iR^f^^ STCT II ^ It

Snuhl (Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.)

Snuhl cures asthilikd (stony tumour in abdomen), adhmana
(tymphanitis), gulma (phantom tumour) and udara (obstinate
abdominal diseases including ascitis). It is sard (purgative).

28

srpt% SPfr^/^f^FT ^errqir: II a.^ II

The latex of snuhl which is like fire should be used when
the dosas in a patient are aggravated very much in excess and
also for patients suffering from dlisT visa (artificial poison), udara
(obstinate abdominal diseases including ascitis), plfhd roga
(splenic disorder), gulma (phantom tumour), kustha (obstinate
skin diseases including leprosy) and prameha (obstinate urinary
disorders including diabetes).

|*TrfT ^nft Rttrt *rega; =£w+iruyY i

11 kv ii

Hemahva (Argemone mexicana Linn.)

Hemahva is purgative, bitter and madanut (cures intoxi-
cation.). It produces kleda (stickiness) in body. It cures krmi
(parasitic infection), kandu (itching), vitiated kapha, dndha
(constipation), visa (poisoning), and kusfha (obstinate skin dis-
eases including leprosy).

29 30

Arka (Calotropis gigantea R. Br. ex Ait.)

Arka cures krmi (parasitic infection). It is sharp and
purgative. It also cures arsas (piles) and kustha (obstinate
skin diseases including leprosy).

The latex of arka cures kj-midosa (parasitic infection) and
if js useful for patients suffering from kustha (obstinate skin.

28 Materia Medica

diseases including leprosy), udara (obstinate abdominal
diseases including ascitis).

31 32

nmswri effort wwi *&rrfk; *r I

33

Aruskara & Tuvaraka (Semecarpus anacardram Linn. f. &
Hydnocarpus wightiana Blnme)

Aruskara and tauvaraka — both are astringent in taste and
pungent in vipaka. They are hot and they cure krmi (parasitic
infection), udara (obstinate abdominal diseases including
ascitis), anaha (constipation), sopha (oedema) dumaman (piles),
graham (sprue syndrome), vitiated kapha and vata, agnimandya
(suppression of the power of digestion), ama, jvara (fever) and
guJma (phantom tumour).

3'M^i t§^: "TT% apsresiwT^c: qr: uvsu

The pulp of these drugs is sweet in vipaka and aphro-
disiac. It also cures arsas (piles).

gxnf: ^f: apj. qi% ^~ ^^ofrfapftcpT. |

Guggulu (Commiphora mukul Engl.)

Guggulu is slimy in touch. But it has a non-slimy
(visada) effect on the body when used. It is sweet, pungent,
bitter and astringent in taste. It is rasayana (rejuvenating), vamya
(promoter of complexion), svarya (promoter of good voice),
katuvaka (pungent in vipaka), ruksa (ununctuous), slaksna.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 29

(smooth) and agnidfpana (promoter of digestive power). It
alleviates kleda (sticky material in the body), medas (fat),
vitiated vdyu and kapha, ganda (goitre), tneha (obstinate urinary
disorders including diabetes), apacl (cervical adenitis), kfmi
(parasitic infection), pidaka (pimples), granthi (adenitis), sotha
(oedema) and arsas (piles). It is hot, sramsana (laxative)
and light.

Fresh guggulu is brmhana (nourishing) and vrsya (aphro-
disiac). Old guggulu is extremely depleting (karsana).

34 35

36

tr^pftarg; few*: *sRr*Tsr*n?rerar: u ^ ii

37

" 38

There are five varieties of guggulu. They are mahisakga,
mahanlla, kumuda, padma and hiranya. Mahisaksa variety has
the colour of either bhrnga or ahjana. Mahanlla is extremely
blue in colour. Kumuda variety has the colour of a kumuda
flower i.e. white. Padma variety of guggulu looks red like
flesh. Hiranaksa looks like gold. Thus all the five varieties
of guggulu are illustrated.

39

iTfl^rat ^pfr^fr irSFsmi ffrn^ i

40

j%%^jt *r<prT<nf ^p^pf; qfi^rfrlcr: I

30 Materia Medica

41

Mahisakga and mahariila- — these two varieties of guggulu
are useful in the treatment of elephants. Kumuda and padma
varieties are useful in the treatment of horses. Kanaka variety
is specifically indicated for human beings. According to some
scholars mahisaksa is also useful for the treatment of human
beings.

42

Guggulu is visada (non-slimy), tikta (bitter) and uma virya
(hot in potency). It aggravates pitta. It is laxative and astringent
in taste. It is pungent in vipaka as also in taste. It is ununctuous
and extremely light. It heals fracture of bones. It is vrsya
(aphrodisiac), suksma (subtle), svarya (promoter of voice), rasa-
yana (rejuvenator), dip'ana (digestive stimulant), picchila (slimy)
and balya (promoter of strength). It alleviates aggravated
kapha and vata. It cures vrana (ulcer), apaci (cervical adenitis),
meda (adiposity), meha (obstinate urinary disorders including
diabetes), vatdsra (gout), kleda (appearance of sticky material in
excess in the body), kusfha (obstinate skin diseases including
leprosy), ama maruta (rheumatism), pidika (pimples), granthi
(adenitis), sopha (oedema), arsas (piles), gandamala (enlarged
cervical glands) and krmi (parasitic infection).

«TT§ irr^r^STtf 5frq7JTc3T^T fa^T I

[ttftspfpst: ysfems: defter ^'TTfoenf ^ — v?]

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 31

Because of its sweet taste it alleviates vata. Pitta is

alleviated by its astringent taste. It alleviates kapha because

of its bitter taste. Thus, all the three dosas are alleviated by
guggulu.

W*ft T*l% : ^> : fri^r ^3 fq-f^sw: i

3TFT: tf- 5 fwff ^T^T^fe I

Fresh guggulu is bfmhana (nourishing) and vrsya (aphro-
disiac). Old guggulu is extremely depleting Qekhdna).

Fresh guggulu is unctuous. It is golden in colour and it
looks like a ripe fruit of jambu. It has fragrance and it is
slimy. Old guggulu on the other hand emits a foul smell and
it is devoid of its natural colour. Old guggulu does not pos-
sess the required potency.

*rsr fr*f ^%<:sf*pf *T*rr«ff 3^r^: i

The patient who is using guggulu should refrain from
sour things, sharp things, things that are indigestible, sexual
act, exhaustion, exposure to sun, alcoholic drinks and anger
if he desires to have the prescribed therapeutic effects of this
drug.

44

32 Materia Medica

Snv&sa (Pinus roxburghii Sargent)

Srlvasa is sweet and bitter in taste, unctuous, hot, saline and
laxative. It aggravates pitta. It cures aggravated vata, diseases
of head, eyes and voice, aggravated kapha, pinasa (chronic
sinusitis), attacks by evil spirits (raksas), unauspiciousness,
excessive sweating, foul smell of the body, lice (yuka), itching
and ulcer.

CRT 3Rfrs?3P? fa?f : ST T*rfa> STT^^Tfe II V9K It

45

5TT^T spqTO sf^ft *TFTTt ST^T: *^: II U>£ II

^r 3 t*|t. sfrwr Ts^^rfefa: i

Rasona (Allium sativum Linn.)

When Garuda took amfta from /ndhz, then a drop of it
fell down on the earth and rasona came out of it. According to
scholars who are experts in the determination of various aspects
of drugs, it is called 'rasona' because it has five rasas (tastes)
and it is devoid (una) of one rasa (taste) i.e. amla (sour).
Pungent taste resides in its root (bulb); bitter taste in the leaf,
astringent taste in the stem, saline taste at the top of the stem
and sweet taste in the seed.

Trfnfr sf^qft to f^N^r: q-rrre: sre: u «<? n

V^^^Wt&zft tr: ftrara*ffc*: II vss. I

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 33

Rasona is brmhana (nourishing), vrsya (aphrodisiac),
unctuous, hot, carminative and laxative. In taste and vfpdka
it is pungent. It is sharp in property and sweet. It helps
in the healing of fracture. It is good for throat and heavy.
It aggravates pitta and blood. It promotes strength, comp-
lexion, intellect and eyesight. It is rejuvenating. • It cures
hrdroga (heart disease), jirna jvara (chronic fever), kuksi sula
(colic pain in the pelvic region), vibandha (constipation), gulma
(phantom tumour), aruci (anorexia), kasa (coughing), sopha
(oedema), durndman (piles), kustha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy), anala sada (suppression of the power of
digestion), jantu (parasitic infection), samlrana (aggravated
vayu), svdsa (asthma) and aggravated kapha.

46

WWW ^ fsjcf ST3pI%i%*r: II *? II

Diet

Alcoholic drink, meat and sour things are useful for a
person using rasona.

47

TfftaTreq-^ ^w?;^^^^^^'' ii ^ ii

Prohibitions

A person using rasona should avoid exercise, exposure
to sun, anger, water in excess, milk and guda (jaggery).

34 Materia Medica

48

Its leaf is alkaline and sweet; its stem is sweet and slimy
and its bulb is sharp, hot, pungent both in taste and vipaka
and laxative. Lasuna is hrdya (cardiac tonic), kesya (promoter
of hair), heavy, vrsya (aphrodisiac), unctuous, dipana (digestive
stimulant), rocana (appetiser), bhagna sandhana krt (healer of
fracture) and balya (strength promoting). It vitiates blood and
pitta. It cures kildsa (leucoderma), kus{ha (obstinate skin
diseases including leprosy), gulma (phantom tumour), arsas
(piles), meha (obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes),
krmi (parasitic infection), aggravated kapha and vayu, hidhmd
(hiccup), pinasa (chronic sinusitis), svdsa (asthma) and kdsa
(coughing). It is rasdyana (rejuvenating).

49 50

Spjsur: 3rep& [IT] ?f ^TfTFF-^fr 3T%' \\^\\\

Palandu (Allium cepa Linn.)

Paldndu has properties similar to those of rasona. It
alleviates kapha but does not aggravate pitta in excess. It is
not very hot. It alleviates vata (which is not combined with
other aggravated dosas). It is sweet in vipaka and taste.

'wiTjfsrTT fssr: wz ftfFSTTsfjferFrs: I

51 52

[irrsRSSiFIir: fgrfa^fsrcpt *°]

Paldndu is sweet, aphrodisiac, pungent and unctuous. It
alleviates vayu. It promotes strength and does not aggravate
pitta. It alleviates kapha. It is an appetiser and heavy.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 35

53

Grnjanaka (Daucus carota Linn.)

Grnjanaka is sharp and constipative. It cures graham
(sprue syndrome) and arsas (piles). Its flowers and fruits
alleviate kapha and vdta.

^SCTf ft^ ^ far ^rts'^ ^tr' ii «£ ii

Ardraka (Zingiber officinale Rose.)

Ardrdka alleviates kapha and vayu. It promotes good
voice. It cures vibandha (constipation), anaha (obstruction to
the movement of wind in the stomach) and sula (colic pain).
It is pungent, hot, appetiser, aphrodisiac and cardiac tonic.

54

The juice of ardraka is indicated in constipation caused
by vayu and kapha.

mfem fcrgpr^rr **wt Tcfifqrrfq; u 5.0 n

Ardrikd (small variety of ardraka) is bitter and sweet in
taste. It is mutrala (diuretic) and it cures raktapitta (a disease
characterised by bleeding from different parts of the body).

Guda (jaggery) and ardraka, taken together, alleviate
vayu. It promotes eye sight and alleviates pitta. It is ksata-
ghna (cures consumption), v?sya (aphrodisiac), purgative and
kaphdpaha (alleviator of kapha).

=cf§Tar fr^f FHT' faTT% T^T *TC^ »

38 Materia Medica

The root of pippall is purgative, and digestive stimulant.
It cures krmi (parasitic infection).

60
61

Marica (Piper nigrum Linn.)

Marica aggravates pitta. It is sharp, hot, ununctuous,
digestive stimulant and carminative. It is pungent both in
taste and vipaka. It alleviates kapha and vayu and is light.

*?T% TFPrrsfTf^f %^ #PSTT5T^rf% ^ II ? o ? ||

Green marica is sweet in vipaka and heavy. It eliminates

62
'sTRgrof TTfirefaf ^ ^T5T> *ft* few?' I

White variety of marica is neither hot nor cold in
potency.

63

ft^TlffaR ^^'f^RTrraETe'TcTnTf'T II ?°3 II

Tryusana

Sunthi, pippall and marica taken together are called
tryusarta. It is pungent, hot and light. It promotes eye sight.
It is not an aphrodisiac. It alleviates kapha and vata. It cures
kasa (coughing), medas (adiposity), meha (obstinate urinary
disorders including diabetes), kustha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy) and tvagdmaya (skin diseases). It is diges-
tive stimulant. It also cures gulma (phantom tumour), pipasd
(morbid thirst) and agvyalpata (suppression of the power of
digestion.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Tofarananda $$

Cavika & Gajapippall (Piper chaba Hunter & Scindapsus
officinalis Schott.)

Cavika. and £q/a pippall are like the root of pippall in
their properties. Cro/a pippall is more expectorant than cavika.

*rir^r f^r ?r^ wsq^ftfenr 11 \°% it

Pancakola and §adusana

Pippall, pippall inula, cavika, citraka and nagara — these
five drugs taken together are called pancakola. It cures aggra-
vated kapha, anaha (obstruction to the movement of wind
in the stomach), gulma (phantom tumour), sula (colic pain)
and arucl (anorexia).

These above mentioned five drugs along with marica are
called sadu§ana.

64

65

Jala pippall (Lippia nodiflora Mich.)

Jala pippall is hrdya (cardiac tonic), caksusya (promoter
of eyesight), hikrala (spermatopoetic), laghu (light) samgrahini
(constipative), hima (cooling) and ruksa (ununctuous). It cures
raktapitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from different
parts of the body) and para (fever).

66

67

f^rnr eftw ^ T # ^r^tffw^C u?°««i

[qsr/T: ^ *S : RR*]

68

40 Materia Medica

69 70

Hingu (Ferula foetida Regel.)

Hingu is light, hot, carminative and digestive stimulant.
It alleviates kapha and vdta. It is unctuous, sharp and pun-
gent in taste. It cures colic pain, indigestion, constipation,
kftni (parasitic infection), gulma (phantom tumour), udara
(obstinate abdominal diseases including ascitis) and anaha (obs-
truction to the movement of wind in abdomen). It is pungent
in vipdka and appetiser. It aggravates pitta.

"mfk i&st if^T g-czf =5T£TC3T ^f^TTeT^r I

71

Jiraka (Cuminnm cyminum Linn.)

Both the types of jird are pungent. They alleviate kapha
and vayu. They are full of aroma. They are constipative,
ununctuous, promoter of memory, aphrodisiac and promoter of
eyesight. They cure chardi (vomiting), gulma (phantom tumour)
and ddhmdna (tymphanitis). They are carminative and they
help in the cleansing of the uterus.

Karavi and Upakuncikd (Carum carvi Linn, and Nigella
sativum Linn.)

KdravT alleviates kapha and vdta. Upakuncikd has similar
properties.

Vdspikd (Carum bulbocastanum Koch)

Vdspikd is pungent, sharp and hot. It cures krmi para-
sitic infection) and aggravated kapha. It is laxative.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 41

Rajika (Brassica nigra Koch).

Similarly rajika is appetiser and digestive stimulant. It
cures colic pain in the abdomen.

72

Yavani (Trachyspermum ammi Sprague)

Yavani aggravates pitta. It cures kusfha (obstinate skin
diseases including leprosy), krmi (parasitic infection) and
aggravated vayu as well as kapha.

73

Chichika

Chichika is cooling. It cures kusfha (obstinate skin
diseases including leprosy), krmi (parasitic infection) and
aggravated vata as well as kapha.

74

Bhustrna (Cymbopogon martini Wats.)

Bhustrna causes impotency. It is pungent, sharp and hot.
It cleanses the mouth.

75

Kharahva (Apium graveolens Linn.)

Kharahva alleviates kapha and vayu. It alleviates diseases
of the bladder and pain.

Vm fcTTfiT^C flf ^q-^t^TTT II \\V II

Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.)

Dhanyaka is astringent, bitter and sweet in taste, cardiac
tonic, digestive stimulant and carminative. It cures kasa
(coughing), tit (morbid thirst) and chardi (vomiting). It is
useful for eyes.

42 Materia Medica

76

Green kustumbari (dhanyaka), when used in different
ways, imparts good taste, fragrance and cardiac tonic property
to various excellent types of eatables.

77

The dried kustumbari is sweet in vipdka and unctuous. It
cures trt (morbid thirst), daha (burning syndrome) and aggra-
vated dosas. It is slightly pungent and bitter. It cleanses the
channels of circulation.

WwftT: TT^T5FrfhFir: fif^ncTSFBTTf: II ? ?S II

Jambira (Citrus limon Burm.f)

Jambira is carminative and sharp. It cures krmi (parasitic
infection) and aggravated vata and kapha.

78
79

^uftOTrT fq-=cr^r tftf m%&fte<?faift' 1 1 ? \ «? 1 1

[^«FcTftf?!W: If 'TTfe 5r*PT*nr ? 3 ?]

Bhanga (Cannabis sativa Linn.)

Bhanga alleviates kapha. It is bitter, constipative, digestive
stimulant, light, sharp and hot. It aggravates pitta. It causes
unconsciousness, intoxication and talkativeness.

80

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Totfarananda 43

Surabhi

Surabhi is digestive stimulant and appetiser. It causes
non-sliminess (freshness) in mouth. It cures parsva sula (pain
in the sides of chest), aruci (anorexia), svasa (asthma), kasa
(coughing) and aggravated vdyu.

Tumburu (Zanthoxylum alarum Roxb )

Tumburu aggravates pitta. It alleviates aggravated vdyu.
It cures krmi (parasitic infection) and daurgandhya (foul smell
coming out of the body).

81

fq-fr# *Fj>^T?rra^^fTTfe<m^ i'

Varvarl

Three varieties of varvari are ununctuous, laxative, pun-
gent, vidahi (causing burning sensation). They aggravate pitta
and alleviate kapha, vdta as well as vitiated blood. They cure
dadru (ring worm), krmi (parasitic infection) and visa
(poisoning).

^Tf^fspT¥E?fV fnaFTJErr .FfirqfT II \^\ II
Krsriagandha (a variety of Sigru)

Krsnagandiia cures sotha, (oedema), vidradhi (abscess) and
ganda (goitre). It alleviates kapha.

82

Sigru (Moringa pterigosperma Gaertn.)

Sigru is sharp, light, constipative and digestive stimulant.
It alleviates kapha and vdta.

TTsrfer: SRfWrE: 5ft*rsfr ^TfT: WkT: II ?^^ \\

Madhu sigru (a variety of Sigru)

Madhu sigru is laxative and bitter (?). It alleviates sotha
(oedema) and stimulates digestion. It is pungent.

44 Materia Medica

Varuna (Crataeva nurvula Buch. Ham.)

Varuna is hot. It cures asmari (stone in urinary tract),
It is purgative. It alleviates aggravated vayu and sula (colic
pain).

Paribhadra (Erythrina variegata Linn.)

Paribhadra cures aggravated vayu and kapha, sotha
(oedema), meha (obstinate urinary diseases including diabetes)
and krmi (parasitic infection).

Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.)

The root of bilva alleviates vayu and kapha. It cures
chardi (vomiting)- and it does not aggravate pitta.

83

Patala (Stereospermum suaveolens DC.)

Patala alleviates kapha and vata. It is slightly pungent.
It is constipative and digestive stimulant.

WRIT TSRT f^frFr *trre*TCt ^ ^WTfT I

Kasmari (Gmelina arborea Linn.)

Kasmarl is astringent, sweet and bitter. It alleviates
kapha.

Vahnimantha (Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn, f.)

Vahnimantha alleviates sotha (oedema) and it is useful for
patients suffering from diseases caused by vayu.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 45

Eranda (Ricinns communis Linn.)

The root of eranda cures sula (colic pain). It is aphrodisiac
and is an excellent alleviator of vayu.

Trikanfaka (Tribulus terrestris Linn.)

Trikanfaka is aphrodisiac, strength promoter and
alleviator of vayu. It cures mutrakrcchra (dysuria).

Kanfakdrikd (Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad & Wendle.)

Kanfakdrikd is hot. It alleviates vayu and kapha. It cures
svdsa (asthma) and kdsa (bronchitis).

«nf*Fft xrtfjp^t tfrm *m&ft sr^tfr cnqr n?^\sii

Brhati (Solanum indicum Linn,)

Brhati is carminative, constipative, hot, and alleviator of
vayu.

TnT¥ft5Ff^^T% 5T*if^ ^^WTPT II {R*z II

Prsniparnl and Sthira (Uraria picta Desv. & Desmodium
gangeticum DC.)

Prsniparnl and sthira are very useful for patients suffering
from diarrhoea caused by pitta and kapha and for patients
dominated by vitiated vdta. Their food and drinks should be
boiled along with these two drugs.

84

JiAgim (Lannea grandis Engl.)

Jingini cures vrana (ulcer), hrdroga (heart disease), aggra-
vated vayu and atisdra (diarrhoea). It is pungent.

^wRiRTRg firnWr Temrnparans: itH5.n
The gum resin extracted from this plant is hot. If this is

46 Materia Medica

given for inhalation (nasyd), then it cures pain in the arm.
3TcrfqYrTT^ Trf? ^ srezj srstrsrw 1

Bald. (Sida cordifolia Linn.)

There are three varieties of bald. They alleviate vdyu
and pitta. They are constipative and aphrodisiac.

85

Mahabala (Sida rhombifolia Linn.)

Mahabala is unctuous, sweet and promoter of longevity.
It cures mutrakrcchra (dysuria).

Nagabala (Grewia populifolia Vahl.)

Ndgabald is specially useful for patients suffering from
ksata ksina (consumption). It promotes longevity and is
aphrodisiac.

Asvagan.dha (Withania somnifera Dunal.)

Asvagandhd promotes strength, and alleviates vdyu. It is
useful in kdsa (bronchitis), ivdsa (asthma) and ksaya (phthisis).

TTTtraoff *TfPT**TT ^srwjT TT5TTfw^T I

Mdsaparni & Mudga parni (Teramnus labialis Spreng. & Phaseo-
lus trilobus Ait.)

Mdsa parni "is exceedingly aphrodisiac. Mudga parni
promotes eye sight.

Rddhi

Rddhi promotes strength. It alleviates all the three dosas.
It is spermatopoetic (iukrala), sweet and heavy.

'rf^'f'fsreT #3T TOT <flTO«SPrPTCT I

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 47

Vrddhi

Vrddhi helps in conception (garbhaprada). It is cooling
and aphrodisiac. It cures kdsa ^bronchitis), and ksaya
(consumption).

86

Kakoli has two varieties. Both of them are cooling,
spermatopoetic (sukrala), sweet and heavy. They cure aggra-
vated vapu, daha (burning syndrome), asrapitta (a disease chara-
cterised by bleeding from different parts of the body), sosa
(consumption), visa (poisoning) and jvara (fever).

Medd

There are two varieties of medd. They are heavy, sweet,
aphrodisiac and stanya (galactogogue). They alleviate kapha.
They are brmhana (nourishing) and cooling. They alleviate pitta,
blood, ksaya (consumption) and vayu.

^m: Frerei n m * ivftitaran^V i

Jfvaka & Rsabhaka

Jivaka and rsabhaka are strength promoting, cooling and
spermatopoetic. They aggravate kapha. They cure aggra-
vated pitta, daha (burning syndrome), vitiated blood, kdrsya
(emaciation), Sosa (consumption) and ksaya (phthisis).

87

f "f°T: f"TtKTfT5T — 5ft<spsr ScRT*nf^T I

Asfavarga

Rddhi, brddhi, kakoli, ksfra kakoli, medd, mahdmeda,

48 Materia Medica

jivaka and rsabhaka — these eight drugs, taken together, are
known as asfavarga. It is cooling, exceedingly spermatopoetic
and nourishing. It alleviates aggravated pitta, daha (burning
syndrome), asra (vitiated blood) and iosa (consumption). It
promotes lactation and conception.

fsrsrmT ^B^ra^ft" tffsSf^ *RT II \\M II

Visala (Trichosanthes bracteata Voigt)

Visala alleviates kapha and vata. It cures meha (obstinate
urinary disorders including diabetes) and kustha (obstinate
skin diseases including leprosy). It is laxative.

Sdriva (Hemidesmus indicus R. Br.)

Sdriva alleviates vata, pitta and blood. It cures visama
para (malarial fever).

88
*TWT3?ft c^F5ft*n*fr Sffai -J<s5?pir TT5T 1 1 ? 3 «? 1 1

Gavadam

Gavadani cures tvak Sosa (emaciation or dryness of skin),
sopha (oedema), kustha (obstinate skin diseases including
leprosy) and vrana (ulcer).

*Rm sTf^fr ^Rfq-TrsrspT^f)" ffR7 i

Ananta. (Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. and Scholt.)

Ananta is constipative. It cures raktapitta (a disease characte-
rised by bleeding from different parts of the body). It is

cooling.

Gundrd (Typha elephantina Roxb.)

Gundra promotes eyesight. It cures mutrakfcchra
(dysuria), aggravated pitta and blood and daha (burning
syndrome).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 49

Lodhra (Symplocos crataegoides Buch. — Ham.)

Lodhra alleviates vitiated blood, kapha and pitta. It
promotes eyesight and cures sotha (oedema). It is laxative.

Savara Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.)

Savara lodhra shares the properties of lodhra. Besides,
it promotes eyesight and is a mild purgative.

89

Madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.)

Madhuka cures rakta pitta (a disease characterised by
bleeding from different parts of the body). It cleanses and
heals the ulcer (yrana). It is heavy, sweet, cooling, aphro-
disiac and promoter of eyesight, voice and complexion.

Prapauridarika

Prapaundrika promotes eye sight. It is cooling and it
heals ulcer.

**faps5T f^s^rf^ft^r^ft snfeT tt*t i i \ *r 1 1

Mafijisfha (Rubia cordifolia Linn.)

Manjistha cures kustha (obstinate skin diseases including
leprosy), visarpa (erysipelas) and sotha (oedema). It is an exce-
llent drug for the promotion of complexion.

SCTSTT ?T^far?rT5fV sr<nrf ^T^tRTfJSpflr 1

Laksa (Lac)

Laksa helps in the healing of fracture. It cures visarpa
(erysipelas). It promotes complexion and cures skin diseases.

90

50 Materia Medica

Musall (Chlorophytum tuberosum Baker)

Musali is sweet, aphrodisiac, hot in potency, brmhani
(nourishing), heavy, bitter and rejuvenating. It cures gudaja
(piles) and aggravated vayu.

fgsrr srcusrcV #zrr ^^4xwCtxrt. ii*vyii

91

ficrrq-frf^^sr^ft ^faffasp-rf^ft i

Satavari (Asparagus racemosus WilJd.)

Satdvarl is of two varieties. One variety has thorns below
and the other has thorns above. Both of them are therapeutically
useful and there should be no doubt about it. It is cooling,
astringent, sweet, wholesome (pathya), aphrodisiac and reju-
venating. It cures aggravated vayu and pitta as well as consti-
pation. It promotes complexion, ojas (vital fluid?) and strength.

92

«qrr«f: w: sr£ ?f# T^cn^^TpJt: ii ?vs u

Partha (Terminalia arjuna W. & A.)

Partha is useful in ksata (phthisis), bhagna (fracture) and
raktastambhana (coagulation of blood).

srf^^rsftsrri^rrt fipft ^ftsfsrssTq^: i

Asthi sarhhara (Cissus quadrangularis Linn.)

Asthi sarhhara is useful in asthi bhagna (fracture of bone).
It promotes strength and alleviates vayu.

Mnrkava (Eclipta alba Hassk.)

Markava promotes eye sight and hair growth. It cures
vitiation of kapha and pantfu (anemia).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 51

Dronapuspika (Leucas cephalotes Spreng.)

Dronapuspika cures aggravated kapha, ama, kcimala
(jaundice), sotha (oedema) and kj-mi (parasitic infection).

^ftcr^rft fcnsrsrr ?ns*n fecpsft ftrf^pfwr 1 1 % v=; n

Girikarnika (Clitoria ternatea linn.)

Girikarnika cures sosa (consumption). It is visada (non-
slimy). It is useful for throat and it cures visa (poisoning).

Vrscikall (Pergularia extensa N. E. Br.)

Vrscikall cures kasa (bronchitis), aggravated vayu and
visa (poisoning).

§f?srspfairT ^^Ezrr crr<r<?rT Tr^rfrifV lt?V£ll

93

Dugdhika (Euphorbia thymifolia Linn.)

Dugdhika is hot, heavy and aphrodisiac. It aggravates
vayu and promotes conception. It is sweet and constipative.
It cures aggravated kapha, kustha (obstinate skin diseases in-
cluding leprosy) and krmi (parasitic infection).

srf^rT f^wrq^ft <re*p>fa gssfrrr u?Koii

Ahimsra & Sudarsana (Copparis sepiarin Linn. & Crinum)
asiaticum Linn.)

Ahimsra cures visa (poisoning) and sotha (oedema).
Sudarsana has similar properties.

94

Bhargi & Gujna (Clerodendrnm serrapim Moon &- K Abfns
precatorius Linn.)

Bhargi cures kasa (bronchitis) and |v<^fejfei£hifti&.

Qunja cures kustha (obstinate sIi'!flr»c^!ei8fes'W^S«fefl

52 Materia Medica

leprosy) and vrana (ulcer).

Jayantl & Sairlya (Sesbania sesban Merr. & Barleria cristata
Linn.)

Jayanti cures visadosa (poisoning). Sairiya alleviates kapha
and vata.

Prasarini (Paederia foetida Linn.)

Prasarini cures vata rakta (gout). It is hot, aphrodisiac
and strength promoting.

Kokilaksa & Kulahata (Astercantha longifolia Nees & Blumea
balsamifera DC.)

Kokilaksa and Kuldhala cure dmavata (rheumatism) and
anilasra (gout).

95

Dhuttura (Datura stramonium Linn.)

Dhuttura produces mada (intoxication), rarna (complexion),
agni (digestive power) and vanti (vomiting). It cures para (fever)
and knsfha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy). It is
hot and heavy, It also cures vrana (ulcer), aggravated kapha,
kandu (itching), krmi (parasitic infection) and visa (poisoning).

96

?[fHJft-^:^ft 1 §p5?T3;;=prrpiffi- i

HalinT and Karaivlra (Gloriosa superba Linn. & Nerium indicum
Linn.)

HalinT and karavira cure kustha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy) and dusfa vrana (obstinate type of ulcer).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Totfarananda 53

Kvartaki (Helicteres isora Linn.)

Avartdkl cures aggrevated kapha and pitta both from
upper and lower parts of the body. It also cures kusfha
(obstinate skin diseases including leprosy).

Kosdtaki (Luffa acutangula Roxb.)

Koiataki cures aggravated kapha and arsas (piles). It
cleanses both the pakvasaya (colon) and amasaya (stomach
including small intestine).

tparr 3iftf?r<arcft <fteurr w^%FEte?rrf?iRt 1 1 \ % % \ i

Jyotismati (Celastrus paniculatus Willd.)

Jyotismati promotes intellect. It is sharp and it cures vrana
(ulcer) and visphota (pustular eruptions).

Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri Pennell)

Brahmi prevents aging. It promotes intellect, longevity
and memory.

97 98

Vaca (Acorus calamus Linn.)

Vacd cures aggravated kapha, vata as well as blood and
attacks by evil spirits {bhuta). It promotes longevity, memory
and intellect.

99

Kukkurunda

Kukkunmda is pungent and bitter. It cures fever and
vitiated blood and kapha.

Saiikhapuspl (Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois)

Sankha puspl is laxative and bitter. It promotes medhS

54 Materia Medica

(intellect) and cures kpni (parasitic infection) and visa
(poisoning).

'SrHfUfrfPr. ^cTT ff'rr Xr&n> ( ? )WWT?r 1

Hamsa pad! (Adian turn lunulatum Burm.)

Hamsa padi is heavy and cooling. It alleviates vitiated
blood and cures serious type (guru) of vrana.

100

%'cjrr Tr"¥Fp€tfi^^fTT3Tt5 : JTf%q"TTg , ?r?r i'

Mundi (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.)

Mundi is bitter in taste and pungent in vipdka. It is hot
in potency, sweet and laghu. It promotes intellect (medha) and
cures ganda (goitre), apart (cervical adenitis), krcchra (dysuria),
krmi (parasitic infection), yonyarti (pain in female genital tract)
as well as pandu (anemia).

Malati (Aganosma dichotoma K. Schnm.)

Malati cures aggravated kapha, pitta and blood, ruk (pain),
vrana (ulcer), krmi (parasitic infection) and kustha (obstinate
skin diseases including leprosy).

Its bud (mukuld) promotes eyesight. Its flowers alleviate
kapha and pitta.

Nagadamani (Artemisia vulgaris Linn.)

Nagadamani promotes complexion and cures poisoning
by luta (venomous spider) and sarpa (snake).

Sirisa (Albizzia lebbeck Benth.)

$irisa cures visa (poisoning), visarpa (erysipelas), sveda

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 55

(profuse sweating), daurgandhya (foul smell of body), tvagdosa
(skin diseases) and sotha (oedema).

Sikthaka

Sikthaka is an excellent cure for vrana (ulcer), visarpa
(erysipelas), kusfha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy)
and vatasra (gout).

arrow sfcmf ^Tfr s%*:in*f ^rafT^r^r i

Aphuka (Papaver somniferam Linn.)

Aphuka (opium) is iosana (drying) and grahi (constipa-
tive). It alleviates kapha and aggravates vata as well as pitta,

craft «f*t: "GRTf^T: -^cspfr sr ?&&&&■ II ?v>n

Khasa tila (seeds inside the poppy pod) is aphrodisiac and
strength promoting. Tt aggravates kapha and alleviates vayu.
It is heavy.

cT^sr^wt^flxft wt mit fwsfteor: i

The valkala (outer layer) of the poppy pod is ununctuous,
grahi (constipative) and visosana (excessively drying).

Diirva (Cynodon dactylon Pers.)

Diirva cures rakta pitta (a disease characterised by bleed-
ing from different parts of the body), kandu (itching) and
tvagdosa (skin disease).

101

q-Tf%fT"7 : ^ypT?^c^3it'q"i>f : tTf^f?Rn i

sFfJpTrTfd 5ft«r^¥fq55roT>T^T II? V*U

Niia (Curcuma longa Linn.)

Nisa cures pandu (anemia), meha (obstinate urinary dis-
orders including diabetes), apart (cervical adenitis), pilla

$6 Materia Medica

type of eye disease), tvagdosa (skin disease) and kpni (parasitic
infection). It alleviates kapha and pitta and cures sotha
(oedema), karidu (itching), kusfha (obstinate skin diseases inclu-
ding leprosy) and vrana (ulcer).

Darvf (Berberis aristata DC.)

Darvi shares the properties of nisa. It is specially useful
for curing abhisyanda (conjunctivitis) caused by kapha.

Avalguja (Psoralea corylifolia Linn.)

The fi uit of avalguja cures tvagdosa (skin disease), aggra-
vated vayu and kapha and vfca (poisoning).

Prapunnada (Cassia tora Linn.)

Prapunnada shares the properties of avalguja. Moreover,
it cures kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy),
gulma (phantom tumour), udara (obstinate abdominal diseases
including ascitis) and arsas (piles). It is pungent in vipaka.

• P- r~ . 102

Karanja, kirhiuka & Arista (Pongamia pinnata Merr., Butea
monosperma Kuntze and Sapindus trifoliatus Linn.)

The fruits of karanja, kirhsuka and arista cure jantu
(parasitic infection) and prameha (obstinate urinary disorders
including diabetes). They are ununctuous, hot, pungent in
vipaka and light. They alleviate vata and kapha,

Vidanga (Embelia ribes Burm. f.)

Vidanga is slightly bitter. It is useful in the treatment

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 51

of poisoning and it cures krmi (parasitic infection).

103 104

Asphota & Tinisa (Vallaris solanacea O. Ktze. & Ougeinia
dalbergioides Benth.)

Asphota cures visa (poisoning) and kustha (obstinate skin
diseases including leprosy).

Tinisa cures daha (burning syndrome) and aggravated
pitta.

105

Asana and Simsapd (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. & Dalbergia
sissoo Roxb.)

Asana alleviates kapha and pitta. Simsapa cures daha
(burning syndrome) and sotha (oedema).

STrawl TrEfTrTsfr sp<*ft ??^T53TfKr II ?^S.II

Dhdtaki & Kadara (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. & Acacia suma
Bach. — Ham.)

Dhdtaki cures raktapitta (a disease characterised by bleed-
ing from different parts of the body).

Kadara makes teeth strongly embedded in the gums (danta
ddrdhya krt).

Apamdrga and Sinduvara (Achyranthes aspera linn. & Vitex
trifolia Linn.)

Apamdrga stimulates digestion and it is sharp.

Sindtfvdra alleviates vdyu.

106
107

58 Materia Medica

Lajjalu (Mimosa pudica Linn.)

Lajjalu is cooling, bitter and astringent. It alleviates
kapha and pitta. It cures raktapitta (a disease characterised by
bleeding from different parts of the body), atisara (diarrhoea)
and yonidosa (diseases of the female genital tract).

108 109

«faft WPSRffprr $r^: ^t^nor: II ?\s? II

Varhsa (Bambusa bambos Druce)

Vamsa cures vrana (ulcer) and vitiated blood. It is
purgative and it cures sotha (oedema).

Rohitaka (Tecomella undulata Seem.)

Rohitaka cures diseases of yak rt and plihan, gulma (phan-
tom tumour) and udara (obstinate diseases of the abdomen
including ascitis). It is laxative.

110

Vrhaddara (Argyreia speciosa Sweet)

Vrhaddara cures sotha (oedema), ama and aggravated
kapha as well as vdta. It is lejuvenating.

in

Tagara (Valeriana wallichii DC.)

Tagara shares the properties of kustha. It is specifically
useful in curing vrana (ulcer) and vitiated kapha as well as
blood.

KauntT (Vitex agnus-costus Linn.)

Kawiti alleviates kapha and vata. It stimulates digestive
power. It does not aggravate pitta.

112 113

gw' fafFF *4«t*i *i*&[ srsffaTT 5n!m u ?^vu

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 59

Srivasa (Pinus roxburghii Sargent) etc.

Srivasa, sarala, bola, kunduru, granthiparna, turuska,
silhaka, sprkkd, gundrd, sarja, murd and nakha — all these drugs
cure aggravated vdyu, alaksml (inauspiciousness), raksa (afflic-
tions by raksas) and jvara (fever). They are sweet and bitter
in taste. They promote longevity. They cure svedadaurgandhya
(foul smell because of excessive sweating).

114
*T5*ft%^*T<frTOr^<nft*iT:' II \^\ II

Raid

Raid is cooling, heavy, bitter, and astringent. It cures
graham (sprue syndrome), graha (affliction by unfavourably
situated planets), samsveda (excessive sweating), vlsarpa (erysi-
pelas), jvara (fever), vrana (ulcer) and vipadika (cracking of the
sole of the feet).

ft *N ^- •* S

115

Candana (Sveta and Rakta) (Santalum album Linn. & Pterocarpus
santalinus Linn, f.)

Both the varieties of candana cure vitiated pitta and
blood, visa (poisoning), trt (morbid thirst), ddha (burning
syndrome) and krmi (parasitic infection). They are heavy,
ununctuous, bitter, sweet and exceedingly cooling.

*pftef ^^ 5%?T TrBpRTf^TW^ I

Sveta candana is manojna (pleasing to the mind) and it
cures rakta pitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from
different parts of the body) and visa (poisoning). It is hrdya

60 Materia Medica

(cardiac tonic), prahladamya (which gives comfort), bitter and
exceedingly cooling.

Lohita candana promotes eyesight. It cures rakta pitta
(a disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body). It is useful in the treatment of ulcers (yranyd).

116 117 118

Patanga (CaesaJpinia sappan Linn.)

Patanga is bitter and sweet. It is vranya (useful in the
treatment of ulcer). It alleviates pitta, kapha and blood.

119

Padmaka (Prunus cerasoides D. Don.)

Padmaka cures kustha (obstinate skin diseases including
leprosy), visphofa (pustular eruption), jvara (fever), daha (burn-
ing syndrome) and vrana (ulcer).

%&* f^l^P^^Tf^re^T^HT ll?t;on

Sevya (Vetiveria zizanioides Nash)

Sevya alleviates pitta and blood. It cures sveda (excessive
sweating), daha (burning syndrome) and daurgandhya (foul
smell of body).,

120

Kumkuma (Crocus sativus Linn.)

KiXmkuma alleviates vayu. It is hot. It promotes strength
and cures tvagdosa (skin disease).

Kasturi (musk)

Kasturl cures chardi (vomiting), daurgandhya (foul smell
of the body), aggravated vayu, alaksml (inauspiciousness) and
rnala (excessive excretion of waste products).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 61

Aguru (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.)

Aguru is pungent, bitter, hot and unctuous. It alleviates
vdyu and kapha.

Suradaru (Cedrus deodara Loud.)

Suradaru is unctuous, hot and pungent in vipdka. It
alleviates vdyu.

Kattrna (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.)

Kattrna is bitter and sweet. It alleviates vdyu and kapha,
and cures viga (poisoning).

Kustha (Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke.)

Kustha is bitter and sweet. It alleviates vdyu and kapha,
and cures visa (poisoning).

121

SatT (Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex. Smith.)

SatT alleviates vdyu and kapha. It cures svdsa (asthma),
kdsa (bronchitis) and para (fever).

q*rf;sr. sp«£spT f "sr: ^"ta - : spBwrafsRT 1 1 ? «;vi i

Kankola (Piper cubeba Linn, f.)

Kankola is fragrant, pungent and cardiac tonic. It alleviates
kapha and vafa.

122

Jdtiphala (Myrstica fragrans Houtt.)

Jdtiphala shares the properties of kankola. In addition it
causes bhranta (giddiness) and aggravates pitta.

62 Materia Medica

123

Jatikosa

Jdtikosa is light and bitter. It cures kleda and daurgandhya
(foul smell of the body).

gfcTrF). WZ%^.^ ^-mm f^RT^R: I

Karpura (Cinnamomum camphora Nees. & Eberm)

Karpura is bitter and pungent. It alleviates kapha. It is
cooling in vipaka (?). It promotes eyesight and is an
expectorant.

CN « O >

zmfa ?to^s ^fe^w g'lTT^'T ii?=^ii

Apakva karpura is better than pa/cva karpura, There, also,
karpura which is not in small pieces and which is like crystal is
the best.

^f*R-nrfq-?r %f?r<Tcrffcr ^TrnFcRr: u?=;j;ii

Pakva karpura which is in pieces (sadala), which is
unctuous and which has greenish tinge is the best provided
granules (even in small quantity) do not fall out of it when
broken into pieces.

124

It cures daha (burning syndrome), asya vairasya (distaste
in mouth), medas (adiposity), Sotha (oedema) and visa
(poisoning).

125
126

W^^^^TW*rfeqrf<?w: l'

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 63

Rasna (Plachea lanceolata Oliver & Hiern.)

Rasna is cooling, heavy, bitter, astringent and constipative.
It cures graha (afflictions by evil spirits), vitiated blood, sveda
(excessive sweating), visarpa (erysipelas), jvara (fever), vraria
(ulcer) and vipadikd (cracking of the soul of the feet.)

127

Ela (Amomum subulatum Roxb.)

Ela cures trt (morbid thirst), ckardi (vomiting), hrllasa
(nausea), kandu (itches) and aggravatejlptfta as well as kapha.

Suksmaila (Elettaria cardamom um Maton.)

Suksmaila is useful in mutrakrcchra (dysuria), arsas (piles),
svasa (asthma), kasa (bronchitis) and aggravation of kapha,

Lavanga (Syzyginm aromaticnm Merr. & L.M.)

Lavanga cures vibandha (constipation), anaha (flatulence)
and sula (colic pain). It helps in the digestion of food.

won **r^rsffr ?r?TT^Tf^T finrr I

Lata kasturika (Hibiscus abelmoschus Linn.)

Lata kasturika promotes eye sight and cures diseases of
mouth. Tt is cooling.

128

Katphala (Myrica nagi Thunb.)

Katphala cures diseases of mouth, kdsa (bronchitis), svasa
(asthma) and ksaya (consumption).

*T3T5ft mm: f?rfR sfrzfWT sra?ft ^w: i

64 Materia Medico

Madana (Randia dumetornm Lam.)

Madana is emetic, bitter, hot in potency, lekhana
(scraping), light and ununctuous. It cures kustha (obstinate
skin diseases including leprosy,) aggravated kapha, anaha
(flatulence), sopha (oedema), gulma (phantom tumour) and
vrana (ulcer).

VFgrj Tt-STfft 5TEqT 3Tf rf^fq-TTHTf%?ft 1 1 ? 5. V 1 1

Satahva (Foeniculum voUwre Mill.)

Satahva cures aggravated vayu, daha (burning syndrome),
vitiated blood, Sula (colic pain), trt (morbid thirst) and chardi
(vomiting). It is sweet, rocana (appetiser) and aphrodisiac. It

alleviates pitta.

PhalinT (Prunus mahaleb Linn.)

Phalinf removes gdtra daurgandhya (foul smell of the
body) and cures rdkta pitta (a disease characterised by bleeding
from different parts of the body) and para (fever).

129

stcctt ^ftfircrfTTrTfg-ift^ ir?«rfw[*fT 11 ?ex n

Gandha priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl)

Gandha priyangu is useful in the acute form of sonita
pitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from different parts
of the body).

^j>srT jftTift faw ^rprr ^xt *p: i

130

Hapusa (Juniper communis Linn.)

Hapusa is digestive stimulant, bitter, pungent, hot, saline
and heavy. It cures aggravated pitta, iidara (obstinate abdomi-
nal diseases including ascitis), aggravated vayu, arias (piles),
graham (sprue syndrome), gulma (phantom tumour) and Ma
(colic pain).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 65

131 132

'TTOTftGWT wra^JT'rg'TcrwraTiTirr^ sr^r i

Rasna (Alpinia gulanga Willd.)

Rasna is hot. It cures aggravated vdyu, sotha (oedema),
dmavata (rheumatism) and vdtdmaya (diseases caused by the
vitiation of vdyu).

Pauskara (Inula racemosa Hook, f.)

Pauskara cures parsvaruk (pain in the sides of chest),
svasa (asthma), kasa (bronchitis), hikka (hiccup) and jvara
(fever).

133

Srngl (Pistacia integerrmia Stew, ex Brandis)

Sirngi cures aggravated kapha as well as vdyu, svasa
(asthma), kasa (bronchitis), hikka (hiccup) and fever ( jvard).

134

Vardnga (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume.)

Vardnga alleviates kapha and reduces semen. It cures
dmavata (rheumatism). It is sweet and pungent. It cures visa
(poisoning), trf (morbid thirst), chardi (vomiting), hjlldsa
(nausea), aggravated kapha as well as pitta and visarpa
(erysipelas).

135

c^^t^^Fsqmspft H T PT %<ere ; || ?$.§. ||

Ndgakesara (Mesua ferrea Linn.)

Ndgakesara cures tvagdosa (skin diseases), sveda (excessive
sweating) and daurgandhya (foul smell of the body).

TTSP ^ «B3!'Ta"l Sfff ?o\ W I O^T T^T

66 Materia Medica

Patraka (Cinnamomum tamala Nees and Eberm.)

Patraka alleviates kapha and vata and cures arsas (piles),
hrllasa (nausea) and arocaka (anoxeria).

137

Talisa patra (Abies webbiana Lindl.)

Talisa patra is sharp and hot. It alleviates kapha and
vata. It cures ksaya (consumption). It aggravates pitta. It is
laxative (sramsana). It promotes good voice and digestive
power. It also cleanses mouth.

138

sp[T9T SrsTTT WW m^^t W5ITNRT \\Ro% II

Vamsa rocand (Bamboo manna.)

Vamsa rocand is astringent, sweet and ununctuous. It
cures kdsa (bronchitis),

Tugaksm

TugaksirT cures ksaya (consumption), svdsa (asthma) and
kdsa (bronchitis). It is sweet and cooling.

1 39 1 40

Vdsaka (Adhatoda vasica Nees)

Vdsaka cures kdsa (bronchitis), vaisvarya (impairment of
voice), raktapitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from
different parts of the body), aggravated kapha, trsd (morbid
thirst), svdsa (asthma), jvara (fever), chardi (vomiting), meha
(obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes), kustha (obsti-
nate skin diseases including leprosy) and ksaya (consumption).

*j>m^ %*fft stftar im^ft^n^TT^ IR°3ll

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 67

KumarT (Aloe barbadensis Mill.)

Kumdri is bhedana (purgative) and cooling. It cures yakrt
(diseases of liver), plihan (diseases of spleen), aggravated kapha,
para (fever), vahni visphota (carbuncle), aggravated pitta as well
as rakta and tvagdmaya (diseases of skin).

141

Atnrta (Tinospora cordifolia Miers)

Amrta promotes strength. It alleviates all the three
dosas. It is grain (constipative), hot, rejuvenating and digestive
stimulant. It cures trt (morbid thtrst), jvara (fever), chardi
(vomiting), kdmala (jaundice) and rata rakta (gout). It is
pungent, bitter, sweet in vipaka and light. It also cures daha
(burning syndrome), dma and kustha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy).

^ra'fqrfff"?: w*v f??fto: it^^tctsft ir°sii

Dasamula

SdliparnT, prsni parni, bfhatl, kan^akdri and goksura — these
five drugs taken together, are called kanlyas paficamula. It
alleviates vdyu and pitta and it is aphrodisiac.

142

SsfrfTT^: T3=?ffT5#T: <P*W?T *T^TtnT |Ro\s||]

Sriphala, sarvato bhadra, pdfald, ganikdrikd and syondka —
these five drugs taken together are called mahat pancamiila.

rrFTTTirr q^^i^n" issnT^nrerf^nr I

68 Materia Medica

All these ten drugs included both in kaniyas pancamula
and mahat pancamula taken together are called daiamula. It
cures dosa traya (aggravated vayu, pitta and kapha), svasa
(asthma), k asa (bronchitis), sirah pida (headache), apatantraka
(convulsion), tandrT (drowsiness), §otha (oedema), para (fever).
anaha (tymphanitis), aruci (anorexia) and parsva ruk (pain in
the sides of the chest).

Decoction of these ten drugs belonging to the group of
daiamula or the decoction of harltaki, bibhitaka and amalaki
(triphala) along with these ten drugs belonging to dafamula
group cures diseases of manya (sternomastoid region), hanu
(mandibles), sravana (ears), locana (eyes), nasika (nose), asya
(mouth), bhrii (eye brows), sankha (temporal region), danta
(teeth), gala (throat), talu (palate) and siras (head). It also cures
kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy).

143
e *s k *

Panca ksTri vrksa and Panca valkala

Nyagrodha, udumbara, asvattha, parisa and plaksa — these
five are called ksiri vrksas (trees having milky latex). Barks of
all these five trees taken together are called panca valkala.

144

Some physicians use sirlsa and some others use vetasa in
the place of parisa included m this group of drugs.

§ftfTS[5TT: f^TT: ^prarf: jfrfHsfagTPTI T: I R \ ? 1 1

wm: ^mm: iftft^n #ter<riwrreRT: i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Totfarananda 69

KsTri vrksas are cooling. They promote complexion
(varnya) and cure yoni dosa (ailments of the female genital tract)
and vrana (ulcer). They are ununctuous, and astringent. They
cure medas (adiposity), visarpa (erysipelas), sotha (oedema) and
vitiated pitta, kapha as well as blood. They promote lactation
and help in the union of fractured bones.

Panca valkala is cooling and constipative. It cures vrana
(ulcer), sotha (oedema) and visarpa (erysipelas).

145

Properties of Dhdtu, Upadhatu, Rasa, Uparasa, Ratna, Uparatna,
Visa and Upavisa.

Description of Dhatus
Svarna (gold), tara (silver), tamra (copper) vaitga (tin),
naga (lead), ritika (bell metal), kamsya (brass), loha (iron)
— these eight are called dhatus.

146

They are called dhatus because they sustain (dadhati) the
body of human beings by curing vail (premature wrinkles),
palita (premature graying of hair), khalitya (baldness), karsya
(emaciation), abalya (weakness), jara (old age) and amaya
(diseases).

70 Materia Medica

qfcTcT if^^T'TCs

^f^rrs^rfq- refer

Origin and description of Gold

Mythology

In the days of yore, Jdtavedas (Agni or Fire god) became
passionately excited when he saw the extremely beautiful,
auspicious and youthful wives of the self controlled seven
sages (Saptarsis) in their hermitages. The semen he, thus,
ejaculated fell upon the earth which became gold. Gold is
also prepared artificially by the vedhana (a specific method of
processing) of mercury.

148

stI ~m firer %fc ft^r f^rsnnj; n ^?vs n

149 " ~150

Good quality

The gold which becomes red when burnt, white when cut
and like saffron when rubbed over nikasa (a specific type of
stone used for testing the genuineness of gold), which is prepared
out of silver or copper and which is unctuous, soft and heavy is
the best.

151 152

5%cff*T ^foff ^§T fespjf" ?TR?f 5*PT II ^\^ II

153

snt %i^sr%cf 3%cf m^z srsr czt%cT i

Bad quality

The gold which is partially white, hard, ununctuous and
discoloured, which is associated with impurities, which has
pieces like leaves, which becomes black in burning or cutting,
which does not produce clear colour when rubbed over nikasa
and which is light should not be uspd in medicine.

Ayurveda Saukhyarii of Todarananda 71

154

155

f^^JT^^rr^f^TT^^T^fecT II '=-? II

Property

Gold is cooling, aphrodisiac, strength promoting, heavy,
rejuvenating, sweet in vipdka and taste, bitter, cardiac tonic
exceedingly depleting {vara lekhana), pavitra (remover of sins),
nourishing and promoter of eye sight. It purifies intellect and
memory, and promotes longevity. It also purifies complexion
and voice. It causes steadiness. It cures both the types of
visa (poisoning), ksaya (consumption), unmada (insanity),
vitiation of all the three dosas, jvara (fever) and sosa (phthisis).

156

sprfasRJTq - ' ^ srtsr trrr^ *rafT«r w?*r ^ftfir ii \w ii

Adverse effects

When gold is used without proper processing, it takes away
strength and energy, helps manifestation of several diseases,
causes discomfort and because of its toxicity even causes death.

ffTTj-srqTJnsr ftnr. m^m <rf"jfrrr n "3 u

157
158

rrc^TSjf: fnrvr^^RT %^ s^pt^ ii ?^vn

% Materia Medica

158

Silver

Mythology

When lord &wz, full of anger, looked without twinkling
of eyes for killing the demon Tripura, then from one of his eyes
a meteor (ulka) fell down which gave birth to Rudra who was
dazzling like fire. From the left eye drops of tears fell down
which gave birth to silver and this is used for all different
purposes.

160

It is also prepared artificially by adding vanga (tin) etc.,
to processed mercury.

161

Good quality

Heaviness, ununctuousness, softness, white colour, power
to stand burning, cutting and pressure (ghana), good colour,
pure appearance like moon — these are the nine qualities of good
silver.

Bad quality

Hardness, artificial preparation, ununctuousness, redness,
yellowness, fragility (dala), lightness and getting destroyed by
burning, cutting or pressure (ghana) — these are the ten defects
in silver.

162

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 73

163

Properties

Silver is cooling, astringent and sour in taste, sweet both in
vipaka and taste, and laxative. It prevents aging. It is unctuous
and lekhana (depleting). It alleviates vata and pitta. It certainly
cures diseases like prameha (obstinate urinary disorders includ-
ing diabetes).

164
165

SqT£5=f ^"JT^f f%f% ?iF^T?f t M q dl ^ ^4-W IR3°II

Adverse effects

Asuddha (not propeily processed) silver produces excessive
heat (tdpd) in the body and causes its destruction. It destroys
semen, efficiency, energy and strength. It gives rise to many
serious diseases (mahdgada).

166

3T^" qWTftj%*rcq ifclcf SRufldSl I

^TT^cTce-^^cf arsmrf: s^Tfe:?: iR3?n

Tamra (Copper)

Mythology

According to scholars well versed in the purdtias, the
semen of Kdrtikeya which fell on the earth gave rise to tamra
(copper).

167

168

Bad quality

Black colour, ununctuousness, excessive compactness,
white colour, inability to tolerate pressure (ghana), mixture of

74 Materia MeaHca

iron and lead — these are the seven defects in copper of bad
quality.

?rrsT* *&m ^%i srf%TR" ^Tsrwif % 'iw*r?<r%sr i r ^ 1 1

Properties

Copper is astringent, sweet and hitter. It is ropana (healer
of ulcers) and slightly brmhapa (nourishing). It cures aggra-
vated pitta, udara (obstinate abdominal diseases including
ascitis), arsas (piles), krmi (parasitic infection), kustha (obsti-
nate skm diseases including leprosy), pinasa (chronic rhinitis),
aggravated kapha, ksaya (consumption), para (fever) and sula
(colic pain). It is cooling.

q^t ^*r> M a«rar am ^spix spflffirerr i

Adverse effects

Poison is not the real poison. It is copper (not processed
properly) which is the real poison. Poisons have only one
adverse effect whereas copper (which is not processed properly)
has eight types of adverse effects. These are bhrama (giddiness),
murccha (fainting), vidaha (burning sensation), sveda (excessive
sweating), utkledana (production of stickiness in the body),
vanti (vomiting), aruci (anorexia), citta santapa (excessive
discomfort in mind)— these are the eight types of adverse
effects which are like poisoning effects.

169

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 75

Vanga (Tin)

Variety

Vanga is of two types. They are called khuraka and
misraka. Of these two, khuraka type of vanga is very useful in
therapeutics whereas the misraka type is harmful.

170

171

Property

Vanga is light, laxative, ununctuous and hot. It cures
meha (obstinate urinary diseases including diabetes), kapha,'
kfrni (parasitic infection), pdndu (anemia) and svdsa (asthma).
It is good for eye sight and it slightly aggravates pitta.

172

173

[?rpm<?5prrer v?K?]

As a lion kills a horde of elephants, similarly, vanga cures
all types of meha (obstinate urinary disorders including
diabetes). It causes happiness of the body and promotes the
strength of sense organs. It nourishes an emaciated person,

^T3f sfTrT^rfr HT*T: SRTtnTq-ft JTTPT I

[srrw<iy4>i^i 3:?=;v]
iVaga (Lead)

Mythology

The semen ejaculated by Vdsuki after seeing the beautiful
daughter of Bhogi gave rise to ndga (lead). It cures all diseases
of human beings.

76 Materia Medica

Property

Naga shares all the properties of vanga. However, the
former specifically cures meha (obstinate urinary disorders
including diabetes).

JTTsg; 5TT»T5irar§iFTsp5f confer

Naga (Lead) endows a person with the strength of one
hundred nagas (cobras), cures diseases, promotes longevity,
stimulates digestion, increases the strength for sexual act and
prevents death if used constantly.

§>K5rf?r tow crsrTsfcif^5T?r irhii

Adverse effects

Use of ra5g<z (lead) and vanga (tin) without proper process-
ing causes kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy),
gulma (phantom tumour), atikusfha (?), pandit (anemia), prameha
(obstinate "urinary disorders including diabetes), sopha
(oedema) caused by vdyu, bhagandara (flstula-in-ano), svitra
(leucoderma), kilasa (a type of leucoderma) and sula (colic
pain). They are like poisons and cause rdkta vikara (diseases
9aused by the vitiation of blood), ksaya (consumption), kjrcchra

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 77

(dysuria), aggravation of kapha, jvara (fever), asmari (stone in
urinary tract), vidradhi (abscess), mukharoga (diseases of mouth),
arti (pain) and nitya abalatva (progressive weakness).

#?f?tt *if*i3> feRrr mwmr <tf5P?>T wr iRV*n

t^r ^ m*fc w**n =hi+^1fcr ft t?tt i

.RJf /&a (Bell metal)

Variety

This is of two types viz., ritika and kakatundi. If the
metal is heated and dipped into kahji (vinegar) and it becomes
copper-coloured then it should be known as ritika. If it
becomes black in colour, then it is kakatundi.

Good quality

Ritika which is heavy, soft, yellowish in colour, dazzling
(spharangi), trotanaksama (difficult to break), unctuous and
smooth is of good quality.

^SfT Wm mXl ^WT TTfiTtfte spTTCTfT U^ll

174

Bad quality

Ritika. which is stabdha (compact), ununctuous, rough,
white, excessively red, ghanasaha (intolerant of pressure), putaga
(having layers) and associated with impurity (mala) is not
useful.

175

[^TRsr^T^" 'jwis - : ^TOTpFT «;:«*(]

78 Materia Medica

Property

Both the types of ritika are suksma (subtle), bitter and
saline in taste and cleansing. They cure pandu (anemia) and
krmi (parasitic infection). It is not a depletive (lekhana) in
excess.

Kamsya (Brass)

Kamsya is astringent, bitter, hot, lekhana (depletive),
visada (non-slimy), laxative, ununctuous and heavy. It promotes
eye sight and alleviates kapha and pitta.

176

177

Loha (Iron)

Mythology

In the days of yore, different types of lohas came out from
the bodies of the lomila daityas (a group of demons) when they
were killed during their war with the gods.

¥«ff STOW TSfHf %^pf *CTW?f 5T^T lRV\9lt

Property

Loha is bitter, laxative, cooling, astringent, sweet, heavy,
ununctuous, vayasya (promoter of longevity) and caksu$ya (pro-
moter of eye sight). It aggravates vayu and alleviates kapha and
pitta. It cures gam (poisoning), sula (colic pain), sopha

Ayurveda Sdukhyam of Todarananda ?9

(oedema), arsas (piles), plihan (splenic disorder), panduta (ane-
mia), tnedas (adiposity), meha (obstinate urinary disorders
including diabetes), krmi (parasitic infection) and kusfha
(obstinate skin diseases including leprosy).

Its kitta which is called mandura (rust of iron) shares all
the properties of iron.

mtviW: 5g^«ft 5>fT: ^rtptctft *r wry in

Bad quality

Guruta (heaviness), drdhata (sturdiness), utkleda (stickiness),
kasmala (impurity), dahakarita (producing burning sensation),
asmadosa (adulteration with stone ?) sudurgandha (foul smell) —
these are the seven defects of iron.

Adverse effects

Loha, which is not properly processed, causes sandatva
(impotency), kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy),
mrtyu (death), hrdroga (heart disease), sula (colic pain), asmari
(stone in urinary tract), aggravation of different types of pain
and hrllasa (nausea).

178
179

[3rr^sr?FP5r v^-w]

If loha which xs not properly processed is taken then it
takes away the life, produces intoxication, does not produce
energy in the body and causes acute pain in the heart.

80 Materia Medica

180

Prohibition

Persons using /o/w should give up- kusmanda, til oil,
/««£«*, rajika, madya (alcoholic drinks) and amla rasa (things
having sour taste).

181

smr^f^^FPRiw?^ [?in%r^f^r] ir«.3ii

Sara /o/jo

.S^ra loha is the best among irons. It is ksamabhrt (stands
to pressure) and sikharakata (tapering in shape). When tri-
turated with sour juice it leaves small dust-like particles.

ssTwrfasf ^rt ^ ^ "TRumr^ i

Property

Sara lauha immediately cures grahani (sprue syndrome),
atisara (diarrhoea), aggravation of vayu in half of the body or
all over the body, parindmaja sula (colic pain which appears
during the process of digestion of food), chardi (vomiting),
pinasa (chronic rhinitis), aggravated pitta and svdsa (asthma).

■wi* * kit* i* *rf*$ *i* i

182 183

f^iphvf cirgr% ^ fsraf ftrcRrt forces n w ii

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 81

Kanta loha

In a pot of kanta loha containing hot water if a drop of
oil is put then the oil does not spread. Hingu (asafoetida) loses
its foul smell and the paste of nimba loses its bitterness when
put in such a pot. If milk is boiled in this pot, then it goes up
in the form of a sikhara (pyramid) but does not fall down. It
becomes black when canakamla (sajala canaka) is kept in this
pot.

184

SPTfa TTTTTfHsriFr ?RT^i ^ wstm I

Property

Kanta loha cures gulma (phantom tumour), udara (obsti-
nate abdominal diseases including ascitis), artas (piles), sula,
(colic pain), ama, amavata (rheumatism), bhagandara (fistula-in-
ano), kamala (jaundice), sopha (oedema), kusfha (obstinate skin
diseases including leprosy), ksaya (consumption) and ruk (pain).
It gives nourishment to the body and promotes strength and
stability. It helps in the procreation of children. It alleviates
vitiation of blood, pllhan (diseases of spleen), amla pitta (hyper
acidity of stomach) and siroruk (headache). Kanta loha cures
all these diseases undoubtedly.

185

186

3HPT qfe^nlfq- cRTT Wfa fecffaim II R\° "ll

Loha kitta (Rust of Iron)

Loha kitta which is one hundred years old is the best,
eighty years old is mediocre and sixty years old is inferior.
Rust of iron which is less than sixty years old is like poison.

82 Materia Medica

In the place of fo/ja, its mala (rust) can be used in all
diseases because the latter shares all the properties of the
former. Moreover, its mala (rust) is specifically indicated in
the treatment of pandu (anemia).

From kitta (mandura or rust of iron) mutjda loha is ten
times effective, from munda loha, tlksna loha is hundred times
effective and from tlksna loha, kanta is one lakh times effective
in producing strength.

stspp *nf«w hth fsrsn fffcrfsH ^wr >

Abhraka, maksika, tala, Mia, nllanjana, tutthaka and
rasafcc — these seven are known as upadhatus.

187

188

Abhraka (Mica)

Mythology

In the days of yore, when Vajri (Indra) took out the vajra
to kill the demon Vrtra, then visphulihgas (fire particles) from

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 83

that vajra spread over the sky and because of the thundering
sound of the clouds fell on the tops of mountains. Thus,
abhraka took birth in those mountains.

^ifHq^artsiH rPSsrpf spm^RviT II ?.£* II

Once upon a time, the goddess Girijd saw the extremely
handsome Hara. The genital fluid (ovum) she then ejaculated
gave rise to pure abhraka.

Quality

Abhraka which is available in the southern mountains is
inferior in quality because it gets dried by the strong heat of
the sun. It produces less of sattva. However, this sattva is
therapeutically useful.

Abhraka which is available in northern mountains con-
tains more of sattva and is therefore superior in quality.

189 190

*FFTT?q-facf ^^T^^T^T ^ <TcfT TcTTT I

Derivation

It is called vajra because of its origin from thunder (yajra).
It is called abhra because it is produced with the help of the
cloud {abhra). Since it has fallen from the sky (gagana), it is
called gagana.

^wn^ %cf t^b* <fW w^ ^ ^iw i

84 Materia Medica

191

'ffrcf |tPt f^if cj 5T^tr srer^sfq ^ i

Variety

It is of four types viz., vipra, ksatriya, vit and sudra and
they are white, red, yellow and black respectively. The white
variety is useful in the preparation of silver, red variety for
rejuvenation therapy, yellow variety in the preparation of gold
and the blackf variety for the treatment of diseases as well as
for druti kriya,

fqrTFP^T tut *rw %fer ^fwr \\\\s\\\
srarjn^ vsm ?n& *r? v% *ss&w*&{ i r^r 1 1

[mwsRn-^r: ^q-Brtg^f ^HK-?^]
a^vrfsTcPT^ref 5 feresnfcr w=sncT ir^vh

192

It is also classified in four, different ways viz., pinaka,
dardura, naga and vajra. When placed on fire, the pinaka variety
of abhraka gives up leaves, and if because of ignorance, it is
used, then it causes serious types of kustha (obstinate skm
diseases including leprosy). The dardura variety of abhraka
when placed on fire produces sound like a frog. It produces
many gelakas (abscesses?) and thus leads to death. The naga
variety of abhraka produces hissing (phutkdra) sound like that
of a cobra, when placed on fire. This, when used, certainly
produces bhagandara (fistula-in-ano). The vajra variety of
abhraka stands on the fire like a vajra (thunder) without under?

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 85

going any change. Amongst all these varieties, the vajra type
of abhraka is the best and it overcomes diseases, old age and
even death.

Property

Abhraka is astringent, sweet, exceedingly cooling and
promoter of longevity and dhatus (tissue elements of the body).
It alleviates all the three dosas and cures vrana (ulcer), tneha
(obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes), ku§fha
obstinate skin diseases including leprosy), plihan (splenic dis-
orders), udara (obstinate abdominal diseases including ascitis),
granthi (adenitis), visa (poisoning) and' krmi (parasitic
infection).

ctisoifis^ x*mfh: ^t<t zftfafrt f?r?ir^ n^vdisii

193

Abhraka, when used in bhasma form, cures diseases,
produces sturdiness of the body and increases semen. It
produces youthfulness because of winch a person can enjoy
sex with one hundred ladies daily. It helps in the procreation
of children endowed with longevity and strength like a lion. It
takes away the fear of untimely death for ever.

"fr§t f^srw faf%«rr ^-vm 3*5 ?w tt"*|»r ^ sft^nr i

[m^rsr^T^r: ^rr^m^'t =;-!'o-^5 i ^v-?^]

195

Ipq-mqtst =sr ^fn^sp-jm ^^s *reTrrc Finer i

Adverse eifect

Abhraka, which is not properly processed, produces

86 Materia Medica

different types of pain, kustha (obstinate skin diseases including
leprosy), Ksaya (consumption), pandu (anemia), sopha (oedema),
hrt pida (pain in cardiac region), pdrsva pida (pain in the sides
of the chest) and serious type of burning sensation in the body
of human beings.

Maksika (Copper pyrite)

Variety

Maksika is of two types viz., yellow and white. The
golden colour (yellow) maksika is considered to be the better.

196
'TTfSFPF W< faffi FPf ^W TflTiRfr IRS ° II

197

198 '1 99

fRT : Sfte SPT ^ f?Khsf ^ f^r^^fcT I R S ? 1 1

[srr^sr^RT «:.§.-? o]

Property

Maksika is sweet, bitter, promoter of good voice,
aphrodisiac and rejuvenating. It promotes eye sight and cures
vastiruk (pain in bladder), kustha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy), pandu (anemia), mcha (obstinate urinary
disorders including diabetes), visa (poisoning^), udara (obstinate
abdominal diseases including ascitis), arsas (piles), sopha
(oedema), ksaya (consumption), kandu (itching) and all the
three aggravated dosas.

200

spfrfer *nrat ^^^ *% ^prrfefto w% TifspF ^ ir=ru

Adverse effect

If maksika is used without proper processing then it

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todardnanda $1

causes indigestion, extreme loss of strength, constipation,
diseases of the eye, kustfia (obstinate skm diseases including
leprosy), mala (cervical adenitis) and vratia (ulcer).

201

Haritala (Yellow arsenic)

Property

Haritala is pungent, unctuous, astringent and hot. It
cures visa (poisoning), kandu (itching) kustha (obstinate skin
diseases including leprosy), asyaroga (diseases of the mouth),
vitiated blood, kapha and pitta, kaca (diseases of hair) and
vratja (ulcer).

202

203

faarcftr ^B^Tcrnr FTrpfm wrf\fo i

^^flTf^^T^Sn'TT^ %*1T5T u '=;«. it

Adverse effect

Haritala (which normally works as a nectar), when used
without proper processing, takes away the beauty of the body
and produces excessive heat, meha (obstinate urinary diseases
including diabetes), krcchra (dysuria), asma (stone in the urinary
tract) and pidd (pain). It aggravates kapha and vdta, dries up
snayu (tendons and ligaments), and produces kustharoga (obsti-
nate skin diseases including leprosy).

204

tr^w i"?^" firsr ^Tt«r sm4r fp^? ^ gpfcr ir^ii

88 Materia Medica

ManahMa (Realgar)

Adverse effect

Manahsila used without sodhana (processing) certainly
causes weakness, constipation, obstruction to micturation,
sarkara (gravels in the urinary tract) and krcchra (dysuria).

TtfTZFF pW ^TTf^^TT^T n «s\s II

Property

It cures serious types of adhmana (flatulence) and visama
jvara (malarial fever). It is rejuvenating. It is suvarnaghna (which
reduces gold into bhasma form) and lohamurdava karaka (which
causes softness in iron).

mwzrzx. ^ sfiwr ^rs^ *rrr*r i
Nilanjana (Lead sulphide)
Nilanjana cures eye diseases. It is cardiac tonic and hot.

205 206

f^rnrfcs^erf cr^pr >sr<fc: ^cnr ir=;§.ii

Tutthaka and Kharpara (Copper sulphate and Zinc ore)

Tutthaka is pungent, alkaline, astringent, emetic, laghu,
lekhana (depleting), purgative and cooling. It promotes eye
sight and cures kapha as well as pitta. Is cures visa (poisoning),
ama, kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy) and
kanau (itching).

Kharpara shares the properties of tuttha.

% TTiTmjc*l% 5fttF;T*cr TriTT: <*3% TTcTT: I
Rasaka
Rasaka has the same properties as those of tuttha.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 89

Parada (Mercury)

Derivation

It is called rasa because persons desirous of rejuvenation
commonly use (rasyate) it. It is also called 'dhdtu\

207
fW^rffTTcf tt: Tfarf SRift g% IRS.? II

208

Mythology

It was pioduced from the tejas (semen) of Lord Siva
which fell on the earth because of which it is white in colour.

?pr$r^r f^RT^f ftrsNW ^5f%«nr ir$.^u

209

5*%?f tcr" pprr *flrar ^wf *? >prffT SFn<r i

^TTfrw: ^rf^r^ft f^T: ?T5^" ^ srrfcTcr: IR&3II

Variety

Depending upon the nature of the earth on which it was
produced it is of four types viz., white, red, yellow and black.
They are called biahmana, ksatriya, vaifya and sudra
respectively.

?m m€ wt Trer -^ f*p*r t^ft^i

[^NM+iy: W r rsjTcpr'f =;:=^-t;§,]

The white variety is useful in curing diseases. Red variety
is used in rejuvenation. For dhatuvada (preparing gold out of
ordinary metals) yellow variety is used. Black variety is used
for khe gati (moving in the sky).

90 Materia Medica

210

*spf ^Eft *r%^^T *r5?cZ3 SRT^r: I
211

Property

Parada itself is Brahma and after baddha (a special process
by which mercury is made to stand strong heat without vapori-
sation), it is Jandrdana, After lanjana and kramana samskaras
(processes), the mercury becomes Mahesvara himself.

212

[^rresr^rer: srTrjq-srTg^'f =; : ^VT*]

After murchana samskara, parada cures diseases. After
bandhana samskara it enables a person to move in sky. After
marana (lit. death) samskara it prevents death. In view of the
above, who else (other than parada) is more blissful ?

213

Parada has six rasas (tastes). It is unctuous. It alleviates
all the three dosas. It is rejuvenating, yogavahin (which enhances
the efficacy of other drugs when mixed) and exceedingly aphro-
disiac. It always promotes eye sight and stiength. It cures all
diseases. It has special curative property for all types of
kusfha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy).

214

*W fa^f srffffirfcRTTSf ,

215

ifcrffar stq^srffcr ?r£ i

216

217 218

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 91

Dosas and adverse effects

Mala, visa, vahni, giri and capata-these are the naisargika
(natural) dosas (defects) in parada. It has two other dosas called
trapu and ndga which are artificial (upadhijd).

219
*T%qr W&3T JTTuf W^

220

221
222
223

Mala dosa causes murcchu (fainting), visa dosa causes
death, vahni dosa causes burning sensation of serious type.
Numbness and rigidity (jadyd) appear in the body because of
giridosa. Chapala dosa destroys semen in the man. Vanga dosa
produces kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy) and
ndga dosa produces ganda (goitre). Theiefore, it is necessary
to make parada free from all these dosas through the process of
sodhana before use.

224

pTTsnPfnW STT^T'-Trf^ =: £?-£?, 5.VS.W, ?°°]

If parada is used without sodhana, than the person suffers
from man} seiious maladies like kustha resulting in death.

t=nfr ftrfe f=*r *r form ^ronftre*., ii?o?ii

225 '

92 Materia Medica

226

Uparasa

Gandhaka, vajra, vaikrdnta, vajrabhra, talaka, Mid,
kharpara, sikhituttha, vimald. hema maksika, kdsisa, kanta
pdsdna, vardta, anjana, hingula, kamkusfa, samkha, bhitnaga,
tankana and sitajatu — these are known as uparasas by persons
well versed in the identification of drugs.

Hingula (Cinnabar)

Variety

Darada or hingula is of three types viz., carmara, suka
tundaka and hamsa pdda. The latter ones are therapeutically
better than the former ones.

=*PT?T: spsnrof: S^T^'fta: ^g^: I

[ WR^W- -cTT^TSITgW'f s:?°^-?oV]

Carmara is white, sakatundaka is yellow and hamsa pdda
is red like a flower of jap a. The last one is the best.

Property

Hingula is bitter, astringent and pungent. It cures eye
diseases, aggravated kapha as well as pitta, hrllasa (nausea),
kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy), jvara (fever),
kdmala (jaundice) plihan (splenic disorders), dmavdta (rheu-
matism) and gara (poisoning).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 93

227

228
229

Gandhaka (Sulphur)

Mythology

In the days of yore, in the Sveta dvipa, goddess Parvati
was playing aquatic games in the ksira sdgara during her
menstrual period. From her garments, the menstrual fluid
got into the water from which gandhaka took its origin.

230

=tr?jsrf ir?*^. sfNt ?rfi: <ftfT: ftpfrsfsri?: i
xtR ^&fwnrm: «fr?re#3r TFrrznr uBoqn

WTTf^rT^ #?r: «Tc5 freer: *g|5r*T: I

Variety

Gandhaka is of four types viz , red, yellow, white and
black. The red variety is used in processing (preparing) gold
(liema kriya). The yellow variety is used in rejuvenation
therapy. The white variety is useful in ointments for ulcers.
The black variety which is the best is extremely rare.

231

[wwr?! ^r^TSTT^wf ^:?o\s-???]

Property

Gandhaka is pungent, bitter, hot in potency, saline,

94 Materia Medica

laxative, aggravator of pitta and pungent in vipaka. It cures
kutfha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy), ksaya
(consumption) and pliJian (splenic disorders). It alleviates
kapha and vata, and is rejuvenating.

232

Adverse effect

Use of gandhaka which is not properly processed
(asuddha) causes kustha (obstinate skin diseases including
leprosy) and tdpa (burning sensation). It undoubtedly takes
away happiness, complexion, strength, semen and ojas.

233

Silajatu (Mineral pitch)

The essence of stones which exudates from the mountains
by the heat of the sun in summer is- called silajatu.

Variety

The silajatu which comes out of stones of gold is sweet
and bitter in taste, like the flower of japd in colour, pungent in
vipaka and cooling.

234

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 95

[*IW4<!4'*'RI': Y : 5.5.-? oo]

The silver type of silajatu is gray in colour, cooling,
pungent in taste and sweet in vipaka. The silajatu derived
from tumra is like the peacock throat in colour, sharp and
hot. The silajatu derived from iron stone is like the feather of
jatdyu in colour and bitter and saline in taste. It pungent in
vipaka and cooling. This is the best of all varieties.

The first variety is useful in alleviating vdyu and pitta,
the second and third varieties alleviate kapha and the fourth
one alleviates all the three dosav.

235

236

[TfTFTSrspTsr ETTriq-^nj^it =;:=;o-=;V]

Property

It is pungent and bitter in taste, hot, pungent in vipaka
and rejuvenating. It is chedi (depleting) and yogavaha (which en-
hances the properties of other drugs). It cures aggravated kapha,
meha (obstinate urinary diseases including diabetes), asma
sarkard (stones and gravel in the urinary tract) mutra krcchra
(dysuria), ksaya (consumption), svdsa (asthma), aggravated
vdyu, arias (piles), pdndu (anemia), apasmdra (epilepsy), unmdda
(insanity), sopha (oedema), kustha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy), udara (obstinate abdominal diseases including
ascitis) and krmi (parasitic infection).

96 Materia Medica

rotvpTOT —

^f^raqr^f ?qT^qrf^Rr?«r ^«q%ii^?5.u

Ratna and Uparatna (Jewels & costly stones:)

Derivation

Stones like garutman and indranila are called ratnas.
Mukta etc., are called uparatnas. Now the derivation of this
term is being described.

Since people desirous of wealth indulge (ramante) in
excess in these stones, therefore scholars of linguistics call
them ratna.

Type

India, paksfndra, siiryendu, niani, puspa raga, vajra,
vaidurya, gomeda and padma raga — these are the nine ratnas.

Mukta, vidruma, sankha etc., are called uparatnas.

Property

These ratnas and uparatnas are caksusya (promoter of eye
sight), lekhana (depleting), cooling, astringent, sweet and laxa-

Ayurveda Saukhyaih of To darananda 91

tive. Wearing them bestows auspiciousness and destroys the evil
effects ofgraha (planets), dusti (evil sight) and visa (poisoning).

237

?rcr: ftczt srarr §r*rc cr^r n *>r*0wT: ii3R**»»

Fwa (Poisons)

Mythology

A powerful demon, who was created by Brahma, created
disturbance in the performance of rituals by the latter. Then
Brahma, the abode of all the powers (tejas) became very
angry and from his mouth the terrifying anger came out in a
corporeal form (yigrahavan) and fell on the roaring powerful
demon and burnt him. After his death, that flame surpri-
singly expanded. Looking at this, the gods became exceedingly
sad. Because of its property to cause sorrow (yisada), it is
called visa. Then being requested by the remaining subjects,
Isvara withdrew that flame of anger and placed it in sthavaras
(those who do not move like vegetable kingdom, stone etc.,)
and cara (those who move like animal kingdom).

98 Materia Medica

trer^cT ft-Bf w&f g^ srparpsrfg^ II^S.11

As the rain water which has no manifested taste while
in the sky, carries different types of tastes when it falls
on the earth and comes in contact with different types of soil, ■
similarly the visa acquires the taste of the substance in which it
resides.

Property

All the properties of visa are super imposed by sharpness
(tiksna). Therefore, all types of poisons aggravate all the three
dosas.

238

^w^tw?^7T*T: ^rearers'* sretaT: u \%\ \\

Variety

Kalakuta, vatsandbha, srngaka, pradipana, haldhala,
brahmaputra, hdridra, saktuka and saurdsfraka — these are the
nine varieties of visa.

239

Kalakuta is studded with innumerable black spots. It
was originally produced from the blood of a demon called
Mali during the war between the gods and the demons. It is
the exudate of a tree haying leaves like those of pippala. It is

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Totfarananda 99

available in the mountains like Ahichhatra, Malaya, Konkana
and Srngavera.

t ?w$( u 333 II

Vatsanabha has leaves like those of sinduvara and in shape
it is like the umbilicus of a calf. No other tree grows near
this plant.

240

''wnpt Prof fesf srfair Sfys^' u 33*- h

Among them, the brdhmana variety is gray (pSndurd) in
colour, ksatriya is red, vaisya is yellow and iudra is black. The
last variety is not useful therapeutically. The brahmana (yiprd)
type of visa is useful in rejuvenation therapy ; ksatriya type
is for nourishment of the body ; vaisya type is for curing
kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy) and £idra is
for processing dhatus.

Property

Visa kills a person ; but when used judiciously it gives
life and works as a rejuvenating agent. It is an excellent yoga-
vdhin (which enhances the properties of other drugs). It alle-
viates kapha and vdyu, and cures sannipata (a condition created
by the aggravation of all the three dosas).

100 Materia Medica

wMK ctfifK KM* *^: .

IVrspftst ^q^rg^>^^f^>rf^rw'r =; : 'Roy.]
Upavisa (Subsidiary poisons)

Variety

Arka ksira, snuhikslra, langali, karaviraka, gunja, ahiphena
and dhuttura — these are the seven upavisas (subsidiary poisons).

f^T^t »Tfcp: ftT^r: mtW( *Tf tlf^W. I

Gairika (Red Ochre)

Gairika is v/iadb (non slimy), unctuous, astringent, sweet
and cooling.

'F^inTf^R^ crs^spr cTfe^cT: II ^« II

A variety of it is known as svarna gairika. It shares all
the properties of gairika. It is specially useful as a promoter
of eyesight.

shHteaR <(x <jnr ?r<fr: tfM^rs^q; |

Srotonjana & SauvTrakanjana

As a promoter of eyesight, srotonjana is better than
svarna gairika and sauvirdkanjana is better than srotonjana.

w^ sfissji f%xB ^fe *r>«f T*mFnr 1133ml

Sveta marica & Pitarohini

Sveta marica alleviates kapha. It is pungent, bitter, dep-
leting, hot and rejuvenating. Sveta marica and pltarohini —
both are also promoters of eyesight {caksusya).

Ayurveda Saukhyafn of Todarattanda 101

Vandaka

Vandaka alleviates kapha, vata and blood. It cures raksas
(afflictions by evil spirits), vrana (ulcer) and visa (poison).

241

Kaca

Kaca is alkaline and hot in potency. It promotes eye
sight when used as a collyrium.

KdsTsa (Iron sulphate)

Both the types of kasisa are sour, hot, bitter and kesyu
(promoter of good hair). They also promote eyesight. They
cure kand'u (itching), visa (poison), ivitra (leucoderma), sula
(colic pain), agitata (injury) and aggravated kaplia as well as
vdyu.

Sankha and Udadhimala (Conch-shell and Cuttle fish hone)

Sankha and samudraphcm — both are cooling, astringent
and atilekhana (exceedingly depleting).

242

Laghn sankha

Laghu sankha etc., are cooling. They cure netraruk (pain
in eyes) and sphota (pustular eruptions).

102 Materia Medica

Saurasfri (Alum)

Saurasfri cures aggravated kapha as well as pitta and visa
(poisoning). It is vranasodhana (cleansing of ulcers).

Panka (Mud)

Panka alleviates pitta, vitiated blood and daha (burning
syndrome). It is useful in bhagna (fracture)and ksaya (consump-
tion). It is cooling.

243

Hasti mada

Hastimada is kesya (promoter of good hair). It gives
colour to svitra (leucoderma) and cures visa (poison), aggra-
vated pitta, apasmara (epilepsy), kustha (obstinate skin dis-
eases including leprosy) and dusta vrana (serious type of ulcer).
It promotes eyesight. It is pungent, sharp and hot. It also
cures unmada (insanity) and krmi (parasitic infection).

Gorocana (Ox bile)

Gorocana is exceedingly propitious and it cures visa
(poison), alaksmi (inauspiciousness) and graha (afflictions by
evil planets).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 103

244

Sindura (Red oxide of lead)

Sindura is hot and it cures visarpa (erysipelas), kusfha
(obstinate skin diseases including leprosy) kandu (itching) and
visa (poisoning). It helps in the healing of fracture. It
cleanses and heals ulcers.

245

"qCTJTT^TIT«rfg' : ^Hf^ , TF^?T't'TT5R-" II 2 4% II

Kamala (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)

Kamala is cooling, varnya (promoter of complexion) and
sweet. It alleviates kapha and pitta. It cures trsna (morbid
thirst), daha (burning syndrome), asra (vitiated blood), visphota
(pustular eruptions), visa (poisoning) and visarpa (erysipelas).

Rol totpala (Nymphaea rubra Roxb.)

Raktotpala shares all the properties of kamala ; but it is
slightly inferior.

3|*r? PrPs^r fr?Fsr tt^t -wtffe m?m iisv^n

Kumuda (Nymphaea alba Linn.)

Kumuda is slimy, unctuous, sweet, hladi (pleasing) and
cooling.

104 Materia Medica

246
feTfts%f§^Tl%faM'$'^l «JHH fad It ^Vc; U

Jali (Jasminum grandiflorum Linn.)

Both the varieties of jdti are light, hot and bitter. They
alleviate all the three dosas. They cure diseases of head, eyes,
mouth, teeth, visa (poisoning), kusfha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy), vrana (ulcer) and vitiated blood.

Karuna

The flower of karuna is slightly hot. It alleviates vayu
and kapha. It is very fragrant and it stimulates passion.

247

Mallika (Jasminum sambac Ait.)

Mallika is hot, light, aphrodisiac, bitter and pungent.
It alleviates vayu and pitta and cures diseases of mouth and
heart, kusfha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy), aruci
(anorexia), visa (poisoning) and vrana (ulcer).

248

Madhavi (Hiptage benghalensis Kurz)

Madhavi is sweet, cooling and light. It alleviates all the
three dosas.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 105

YUthikd (Jasminum anriculatum Vahl.)

Both the types of yuthika are cooling, bitter, pungent,
light, astringent, sweet and cardiac tonic. It alleviates
pitta and aggravates kapha as well as vdyu. It cures vrana
(ulcer), asra (vitiated blood), diseases of mouth, teeth, eyes and
head, and visa (poisoning).

'spra?: *p;f*r: *wrg: spTraTf^: *n:: I

249

f*r<fl«ttw*ft T=?r: Bffar fxrf ^ srs^r: n 3X3 n

[^TTWsrarRr: gwspf 4 : 37]

Kubjaka (Rosa Moschata Herrm.)

Kubjaka is fragment, sweet, astringent (as subsidiary taste
or anurasa) and laxative. It alleviates all the three dosas. It is
aphrodisiac and alleviator of cold.

Satapatri

Satapatri is cooling, cardiac tonic, constipative, promoter
of semen and light. It alleviates all the three dosas and vitiated
blood and promotes complexion. It is pungent, bitter and
carminative.

The water (after distillation? ) of satapatri alleviates
exhaustion, vdyu and pz'rta. It is pleasing to the mind, promoter

106 Materia Medica

of eye sight and remover of foul smell of the body as well as
inauspiciousness. It cures visa (poisoning).

%cwt 5T?f fhrf>" »RrprT$faqt«TfPr i

Ketaki (Pandanus tectorius Soland ex Parkinson)

Both the varieties of ketaki are bitter, pungent and sweet.
It cures visa (poisoning).

250

251

*F°r?% Trarclwt ars^piT mfinpV Terr i

Naipali & Varsiki

Naipdli is cooling, bitter and light. It alleviates all the
three dosas. It cures the diseases of ear, eyes and mouth.
Varsiki has similar properties.

Campaka (Michelia champaca Linn.)

Campaka is pungent bitter, astringent, sweet and cooling.
It cures visa (poisoning), krmi (parasitic infection), krcchra
(dysuria), aggravated kapha, pitta, blood and vayu.

Raja campaka
Raja campaka is specifically useful for eye diseases.

252

Ayurveda Saukhyam of TodarSnanda 107

Bakula (Mimusops elengi Linn.)

Bakula is astringent and ununctuous. It is pungent both
in vipSka and rasa. It is heavy. It cures aggravated kapha as
well as pitta, visa (poisoning), svitra (leucodermaX kjrmi (parasi-
tic infection) and danta gada (diseases of teeth).

253

254

Vaka

Vaka is ununctuous, pungent and bitter. It cures aggra-
vated kapha as well as pitta, visa (poisoning), yoni sula (pain in
female genital tract), trsa (morbid thirst), daha (burning
syndrome), kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy),
sopha (oedema) and asra (vitiated blood).

Patala (Stereospennum suaveolens Dc.)

Patala is exceedingly cooling. It aggravates kapha and
vdta. It cures indigestion, diseases caused by pitta as well
kapha (?).

Deva vallabha

Deva vallabha alleviates vata and pitta. It is pleasing to
the mind.

Tf^n? *ft«T*>f»T* cT?IWP95«W U3^?tl

Nipa & Kadamba (Adina cordifolia Benth and Hook, f and
Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.)

The flowers of both nipa and kadamba are sacred-

108 Materia Medica

'S^Eft ^?^t fow fsffarT st^Ftto^ i

ru/asf (Ocimum sanctum Linn.)

Tulasi is pungent, bitter, cardiac tonic and hot. It causes
daha (burning syndrome) and aggravation of pitta. It stimulates
digestion, and cures kustfia (obstinate skin diseases including
leprosy), krcchra (dysuria), asra (vitiation of blood) and
pdrsvaruk (pain in the sides of chest). It alleviates kapha and
vdta. It also cures visa (poisoning), krmi (parasitic infection),
vami (vomiting), svasa (asthma), durnama (piles) and aksiruk
(pain in eyes).

255

256

Damana

Damana is astringent, bitter, cooling, aphrodisiac and
fragrant. It cures graham (sprue syndrome), visa (poisoning),
kustha (obstinate skm diseases including leprosy), asra (vitiation
of blood), kleda (stickiness), kandu (itching) and aggravation of
all the three dosas.

257* "*

Phanijjhaka (Ocimum basilicum Linn.)

fhanijjhdka stimulates digestion, It is cardiac tonic,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda i09

bitter and hot. It aggravates pitta. It is light. It cures the
poisoning by scorpion stings, aggravation of kapha and vdyu,
ku§fha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy) and kpni
(parasitic infection.) In vipdka and taste it is pungent. It is
appetiser, bitter, ununctuous and fragrant.

<jPg4tcqr«tHT$m«r WWH: H^TT: ^pT: 1
sfrr^Tf^qror^r ^sn^renq^T: 11 ^x w

Kwnuda & Utpala (Nymphaea alba Linn. & Nymphaea
steUata Willd.)

The stalk, flower and fruit of kumuda and utpala are
cooling, sweet and astringent. They aggravate kapha and vdyu.

Sana, Koviddra, Karbuddra & Salmali (Crotalaria juncea Linn.,

Baubinia variegata Linn., Bauhinia purpurea Linn., &

Salmalia malabarica Schott and Endl.)

The flowers of sana, koviddra, k arbudara and salmali are
constipative and they are useful in rakta pitta (a disease
characterised by bleeding from different parts of the body),
visa (poisoning) and ksaya (consumption).

*nwi ^rcir5f srTgt as^r ** *rfw i

C\ > "> «%

Madhuka & Yuthika (Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel. &
Jasminum auriculatum Yahl.)

Madhuka and Yuthika aggravate kapha and they are
constipative.

HO Materia Medica

Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.)

Dhataki flower cures rakta pitta (a disease characterised
by bleeding from different parts of the body) and atisara
(diarrhoea). It is cooling.

I^f* f^RtfgrsT fq-TTT^T^TT T^Tf 1

Mucukunda (Pterospermum acerifolium Wild.)

Mucukunda is exceedingly useful in curing headache,
aggravation of pitta and vitiation of blood.

fTcpsft *rf??T^T faw, TsnfV *crfa?ft wn 1 1 3 %.* 1 1

MaUikd & Jaya (J'asminum sambac Ait &
Sesbania sesban Merr.)

Mallika alleviates vayu and is bitter. Japd imparts colour
and is constipative.

^«TfCrft?Wsft: "TOT farfi fTfT^^TT^ I

^rq-sFT-ErTq-^ TT% *P£*P ^TcT^tq-?T¥ II ^5. II

Visa & Agastya (Adbatoda vasica Nees & Sesbania
grandiflora Pers)

The flowers of vrsa and agastya are bitter and they
alleviate pitta as well as kapha. They cure ksaya (consumption)
and kasa (bronchitis). In vipdka, they are pungent and they
aggravate vayu.

Agastya is not exceedingly bitter and is useful for patients
suffering from naktandhya (night blindness).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of TofarSnanda 111

Brahma, Nimba, Muskaka Asana ds Kufaja (Batea monosperma
Euntze, Azadirachta indica A. Joss., Schrebera swietenioides
Roxb., Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., & Holarrhena
antidysenterica Wall.)

The flowers of brahma, nimba, muskaka asana and
kufaja alleviate kapha and pitta. They cure kustha (obstinate
skin diseases including leprosy).

258 259

Ketaka & Saireya (Pandanus tectorius Soland ex Parkinson &
Barleria cristata Lina.)

Ketaka alleviates kapha and is bitter. Saireya cures visa
(poisoning).

Thus ends the group of miscellaneous drugs.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. ^"ppr ^fcr fgrftei?^ TT3: i

2. q^jft tJoRT st% ^csc[rrr% qrs: I

3. ?q*sr ?Rr q'G6ip:a% tts: i

4. ^TTT^rarr %fo fefta3?3% tts: i

6. o^jft^tiro ^ srrcr*: to: i

7. o^qr^o ^fa 3TT^ TIS: I

8. csftfRS^ 3T^Tr«rT iffT 3TT^ 7T5.

9. =t ^rarsftppnrer f fir *rn"r <ns. i
10. ¥TBffT «rftr feft*r3*s% to: i

112 Materia Medica

11. ftf*r ?f% m*p\ tts: i

12. T^'s^Tq- ^ftT33ITsfq- ^fcT ?TT^ TO: I

13. ^narrftrcta^ *& fe?ft^3^r% its: i

14. a«ppir^r»TFSTJn^ f^pr sr^VRrar Tistsif feft^-r^^-

15. %^T ^^fT^^T <TTS>ST fs^tP^SJ^T^fr: 7tW# I

16. $^<IUTT ^ftr SfTRJ^ ITS: I

17. =#W ffir fs^ET5?tI% TTS: I

18. : 2|^rfft ^ftr feftJij^^ qre: i

19. ^fTxnww ^fcr fsdfaj^r tts: i

20. ^^e?TT f fir feftJT5^cT% <TT3: I

21. sftfft ^■firfq'Tff^'snT^ra; Tistsq- ^^^^p^ifl:

?ftT55¥Er^ i

22. fffafTTTfefTreR ifcT ^55^^% ^ts: I

23. f ^ %fk 5T«TT5^a% TT5: I

24. sp^TT^T "PT 5f?( crs33^ci% TTS: 1

25. ftftrer TRrardapfar 7T5ter sr*w3?<T% ?f1rT5T«^r i

26. f£3T: cW^>WT^ff%?mf3ra[ <TT5tef fs^ffatrssj^cPPift:

27. 'snfcrfw^rainj %fa sr^fgrifag?5Rrcft: tts: i

28. 3f>T ?fcf "T^T^c^ TT5: I

29. *mr ff?r srapr^^ qrs: t

30. IHtR* ff% fScftag??r% tts: I

31 . sffcnstf ifa fcfte 5?sr% tts: i

32. *rgt 1% feftsppcr% qrc: I

33. tfffV *P"^ "TTSfcsT 5TWT ^nrj^T^t: TtTWV^ 1

34. *rff ctmt ^f% rg^JT<snss5^5nRft: qrc: i

35. ^ t *% foftinp3% TTS: I

36. trf^^TW ¥fcr «r^53'ra% qra: i

37. fgs: f fSPT: pnVT^nl 5TTfasFTtff«ra: ^fcf «TT^ <rre: 1

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 113

38. q ~^Hi f*Hf*ftfV<fn if% m^k <tts: i

39. Tlf «rTS*ft f ftr q*5$R!% TTS: I

40. q"W ^% feffar<|'=3% TT5- I

41. ^f^ffq-renrsr i% sjt^ <tts: i

42. sp£ ^«ft *PT: T*: f f?T aTT^ TTS. 1

43. f^r: wf% q-^*^ Tre i

44. TTTsft sfcr srre^ tr- i

45. Soinu|j *Tur%fef*T: st% 3TT^: qTS: I

46. sr^rtrfeim wf% sn+^ tts: i

47. *rff«n"^ft fTT?crTif qrstar sr^trqf^frj^iinft: ^>raTir% i

48. qr^- t*tfft: ttstset fgcfrw^sg^spsfr: sfrrsyvqfr i

49. TTcf ?% fe^zPTCSI?^^: TT5: I

50. qw? j^TfTFPTHt sr^fT qrstsT snwf^rq^+iii:

51. ^**sfHu|> ?fcT qfWT5RI% 7TS: I

52. T55TC <T5 TTStej fefrsr^csj^T^ft: ^"tWWT^ I

53. SpFTTW f% Sr«TJT^FcT% 7T3: I

54. wi^sqfcr^snsft ffa srsrw^ ^tts: i
55 fa^TWT^tfsr ^f^cTTTt^'T wt% arr^t ms: I

56. *rer£3r *r*rfercPT <nstsf 5r«nrr?w^s5?cT%i * R » h*i3 i

57. ^r?^T ?fcr ^53?^% irs: 1

58. f^Rrsr ^Mt wqT?r% ttstsit s^fefr^Tf^rerifr:

^"tq-^'wrfr 1

59- ftflpsr wr^tt ureter sre^qfa'rjsa^ft: sftq*nRj% 1

60. 5t<PT^t^nr f fir fefr*rj?<r% tts: i

61. =*T ^^J ^n^q- ^j% 5rq?T5^l% TT5: 1

62. wm^i f%?m qrstsf sr^^^^cr^: fftT^n^ t

63. *&>$ ffcT T*55*cl% TTS. I

"4 Materia Medica

64. f^TT %fk "^555^1% qT3: 1

65. srsrfwf^RiT "^Pft'TF^TrTfl TTStsqf WR^ ^pcP f nf t:

«ftT*PRtt \

66. 4M>«wfa^r 1% arn>t tts: I

67. ^*f farrfa4<M*j; ^far fscfteg^r «tts: I

68. ^f*r fasrw^pr Tretsf f^ft^tf^ ^qfspfnjw*^ 1

69. al^flwf ^r ^sm^wj^Rft: stt^: ^ tts: \

70. fa^frTWT*? ifcT 3TT^ TTS: I

71. *Tf? Tflfawft^fimR TTStsf sraTRtj^j^ppft: sfh^PBl^ I

72. ^raFft 5% 5r*r*r3*cr% qrc. 1

73. fefe^T prRr^^fTfr TTstef ^^wr^^refr: jftq^pRT^ 1

74. 350ft f fcr f5cft3T$*a% errs. 1

75. <£^req- wft^ffrn^T'TIT Tistsjf <P33*3% ?T>T5nsT5lr I

76. «W«PHl"nnft^5 f % 3TT^ TO: I

77. spar #stfwrsnfV TOtef srwTsnrjRppJit: iftaspRiSn

78. W^t «CT»^9[ %rCT *Tff oft <TPpft 5*W: ?fcT STT^ to: I

79. *ft3*F**F*fSpfa«ft *% m^\ TO: 1

80. fifr fftt Jgcfr*r3*a% TO: I

81. *nNlt ftrorc^ Trstsr JTswTfTj^cr^Tt: fftqsrwrcri

82. ftnr: ^TcrfsicT TTstsif ^^T^g^pft: ?ftq*rpqcr i

83. ^f»ft 5% "^33^?r% TO: I

84. famt %fa «T*53*5P$ TO: I

85. ^w^fsra; i% sr*w2*cT% TO. I

86. ^n ^fir WT3*3% to: i

87. #*% ^fa STWpcI% TO: I

88. iRTfoft 1% q t A^d^ to: i

89. T^fF 5% ffcft^S3% to: 1

90. srsrat ffcT f5^?T5^T% TO: I

91. flpnprr -sfo ^553*9% <n3: 1

92. iTfrw-'*Ha<i*Tqr: ^ffr feci k4* d3> to: 1

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 1 15

93. fan- *far 5r*prg«r% Trs: i

94. °f§5ft f fa 5T«r*T35Fcr% q-T5: I

95. W^^3>2^f*rfai*Frf: %fa fg#JT5^T% <TT5: I

96. qrfkfft ifa ^S3^?f% ITS: I

97. »^lcll*H TcR)- ifa fscftirjRr^ <TTS: I

98. sp?rFr: if?r feft^cr^ <rre: i

99. J^f^f: ffa sr«nT3*icT% TT5: I

100. f^rqr^ "rn^TcT qrsts* ir^qr^;^^: jAw^r* i

101 faxr wfa s^*TT*C'T3?<r*pit. <rre: i

102. fp5 5?$|$fad TrstSJf fe^W^^cPPzft: ^fl M ^uj d I

103. siTFsteT ffa fir#qwr% <TT3 I

104. fcTJfteTT ^fa ST^nT 1 ?^ TT5: I

105. apjpir: f fa !W*m«% <TT5: I

106. S^Tfa^fsRT ffa sr«r*T<£FS% TO- I

107. zfrfa^faFT ffa 5nq"*PT^r% TT5: I

108. §PJr 1% fScfhT"T!FcT% TT5: I

109. a"H<*«?rre3reT: ^fa feftawr% to: i
l io. saW^n^Tcr^ft ifa feforrer% <ttc: i

111. W-fr'W Hfc' Hd ' K : ^fa feftqfFcT% TT5: I

112. f*tr^P sfa ar«PT , T^f% <rre: i

113. ^psrrawf^TT^^r ?fa 5r*nrcrci% mz: \

114. TTWT faTTfiFFr: q-RJtSJf 5r^Wi"4«rd«t>JTt: ^T5T«l% I

1 15. %%T5R»T SfiT ^55^^% TT3: 1

116. TTFT ^fa q-ES3^!% TTS: I

117. *tfsFcrsr«nT3*c!%<n5: i

*18. pTTTf^TSRvFTi f fa 9r*PT3??r% 7T3: I

119. fq-wfa^^^^r^r^fwqTq-f sfa 5r«wg<R!% tts: i

120. SpKf ?fa 5r^T3^!% <TT5: I

121. sr€t ^PRfi TT^tssf 5rwr*PT3S?rer*ft: ^«r^fa i

116 Materia Medica

122. TOftagf ^fcr sr^5^r% <tts: i

123. tfN^WJII ?f% 5T2nT5?cT% <TT5: 1

124. "t^^tc^ttct: ^sr-f^^nrf: qrstszf wRWirg^Ffr:

125. =5rrf^ft sf?r i*q-*T3fcr% tts: \

126. ttwt grwfeqrf^r qrstsir fs^tp^g^pft: fftMvwd i

127. dds*R^<H W ^fTrl^^TT^T S% f%^f1-5T55FcI% TT3: I
qe®f%fwrra-^fTTTfWTr<TfT ffcT <spS5g^T% TT5: I

128. ^Wi(=IW^u||4I^ ffcf SapTg*?i% TT3: »

129. T^sr^rFPFT wfa" 5r2wrcci% tts: i

130. ^Rd ficr jtwt*^ qrs: i

131. TF£><TT f% fg?fi-5T7!FcI% TT3' I

132. ^TOTTTq-ra^sTFrr[^]^TrTWTdN>41H 3T^T ffcT 5T*T*PT?5i% <TT5: I

133. ^WT^^wra^rqff ^^t^t T <t^t ^f^- $r2r*rrccr% t^ 5 ' '

134. cr^ wfa srspr'T^cr^' tts: i

135. sTHl3^K: ffcT "TOf^ "TTS: I

136. °bd< m digff ?f?r *Fsq^?r% q-TS: I

137. ^*reTSP)T<TsHT wf% SRTTg/E^ TT5: I

138. ^g^ft^TT ifcr q-csg^ mz. 1

139. f^J^TTTi: ff% T<S35?cl% TT3: I

140. q^T ^rqrTf: qrsfaif wrq^^^Eft: ?ffa<?n3i^ i

141. qpofTrBftrcT ^fcT %cfta3?d% ITS: I

142. «JH?y: T^TcPT <TT5tsf srr^^fr^r^rT^ Fftq-^pq-^ feftq--

143. f^^'=^i^^qTfi^rc 5 rerq[T^irT: % f% feffag*<f% ire: i

144. qrPww} sfo f§Rftas*?r% ire: i

145. iT^sq^— ^pjfespprer: 3:?

Ayurveda Sankhyam of Todarananda 117

146. srsTfT \i ?rirt zfH m^^J^m tts: i

147. fow W% <?G55?gr^ TTS: I

148. faq% sfcT 5TT^ qis: I

149. ^esffrfrgpf ifcf m^ TT3: I

150. |fPT^§TJTJT sftr fkcfrspj*^? TTS: I

151. cT^lcf ?f?r 5TFPT "TT5: I

152. Sf^T -ffcT foftaqjFT^ TTS: I

153. 3><tcq75!T f^w ^JH"^ ^% 3TFP^ ITS. I

154. ffefT ^fa feffTOTP^ "TO: I

155. ?4»»]*IW:^T ?fcT fftfcTCTcT^ qT3: 1

156. ft*r?RT?r T>t*Rft|> i% ^ftr 3tp?>^ qro: i

157. ^TRTT^Tr^^^^Trrfg-^ft^Tra; ?f?r fg-?f)w;T% vrs: i

158. cT?¥T^w5' ifcr srresrrftcrspnj ire: i

159. ^Tn^srfrgrTwi^^^g t>3i%t ?f?r sjr^ qrs- i

160. ^ TT%rrfe TfflfeWT>FT: ff?T 3TT^% ITS: I

161. ^irfT wffT ^JT^sfTf^^m ?T5: !

162. ^¥T ?f?T WKSTTf^rTfrrg qTC. I

163. ^mnr^rf%Tr? i% s?w? <rrc. t

164. ^tf?r f^^?sFr iPt fsffl^cr^- qrs: i

165. ^f 5P?T ytf?^ ^TS^TTfe ^fPT^Ffrq^fcT

166. ST? 5 ? fftr ^OTPrr^ qrc- i

167. ^n ff?r ^rFrsr^T^r tts i

168. %*? |tj sr^rfTT^JT ?f?r srnp% its i

169. 5TT*r%cPR[ sfT fkfftW?T% qTS i

170. Tf ff?T 3TT^T qT5: !

171. =W3T PTtTW TTT^ ffFT 3TT^r <TF5: I

172. "fiar^ isfhr 5 jot" f% 3n*tfrfcsrc»n$ «rra: 1

173. "Tfe f^S«n% 5T3W tf?T 5TT^ qT5- I

118 Materia Medica

174. *r f% «r*OT*<T% qre: i

175. fVfcFFrow #^r Treter f5-cfftnrer% jftTsnKrct I

176. ^ftfTnr^cir^ ft^cTFr ffcram^: tts: i

177. 3r ^f?r acn^: Tre: I

178. ^pTf^^fKf wj*H wfcr arr^ tts: I

179- cP^ffcT STT^ TT5: 1

180. SRTTR5T TrSjm f fcT aTFP^ 7T3: I

181. -zpTF^rTf*^: *rfa ^fa f?<ftw?r% qrre: i

182. fe^*r% 1% fcftsT£:?f% tTT3: I
^srfcf ffcT T^Sfraf% TT5: I

183. clef ?Tt f fcT f?cffa«T?cT% ITS" I

184. TrEfati a sro tt'^ttt* 1% «srMqrci% <rra: i
l«5.«A« 7 i< r tflrm*<nsi "

186. *rfs33r<ffa ?% srm-3; ttc: i

187. f^wrs3T5=rrf%^:sr ffcr srra^ <rre: i

188. 3tt ^tsrfit qT3ts^'jrsnTq3=g^gsF«ri: sfm^ct ,

189. *FHTcWfacT ^fa arT^T qT3: |

190. im«TWf?T ^TTcTcWT^ WT ^ aprr: STT: ^fcT fgcflT W- AH tcl'fr zfr:
<TTC: 1

191. =5% ^cPrrsfq- ^ ffer fg-cfte<T?cT% tts: i

192- <; TT*T 3f|ffc*TcT ^53T fr^rrc: ^fafp^fcT I

193. %3T% fa^: %fcT?JTR; ^fcT srreS: qrs: i

194. g^JT ^% fScftiPT^ TT5: I
f^HTT f fcT WOTfcT% TT3: I

195. sFd^ra-grT^ftr^T^r ?fcT f^cfVqT^T^cT^^: qrs: i

196. 3^ifiTT%^ *WT<? ffcT 3TT^ TT5: i

"ft "©

197. wftcTfcT^SqTJf^fW<Tt3TT^ ?% 3TT^% RT5: I

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 119

198. fw*r ffar mwk tts: i

199. srfr ?tt^t ?% arn^ tts: i

200. tmt fwsrxfsfT ^ T^r^f ^ ng^rTf^r *snsrTT%Tr<r s%

sc&rk. TTS: I

201. 3TCffESTfe ^fa STT^: TTS: I

^¥f <s5T5fT>Jn¥^^tBf c rtTT^^WFr ^fcT fScftq^F?T% TTS: I

202. =3T$cTf ifcT 3TT^: TTS: I

203. gf ^TR^r^rTTST: i% am3: qrs: i

204. jtwfjsfst 'irf'Tsrfrsf f t% fecftaqTa% tts: i

205. 5 sflS/F 1% 3TT^: TTS: I

206. f%3Tc? 1% fsdfaFR^ TTS: I

207. ftRr^Tcsps^f %: f% 3iwt TTS: I

208. ^wr^mir^ f f% sn^ TTS: t

209. 5RT. ^r^ *f?r srr^: TTS: t

210. ?w*sft ^f?r srr^ tts i

211. TnfT^FTTfr ^f% sttt^; tts. i

arrfT?TT f % *TGST?5ir% TTS: 1

212. STSPftlTcfr wf?T "SFOT?^T% TTS: I

213. ^fe«P?nre: ffcT arr^ TTS: I

214. wf^frfrcw^Tsr wfcT str^; tts: '

215. TTT^^fcT ff^TT*cr% "TTS: t

216. ^t^tttttstt fftrsrr^ tts: i

217. t^? ^ftr srr^ tts: I

218. ttttift: ffar *testp?t% tts: i w^f: ffcr 5Tr^: tts: i

219. fa^T wfH" stt^ TTS: I

220. wrT^rrs^?jmt ffa m^ tts: i

221. T¥TT ffcT ?TT^: TTS: I
> 222. T^"t ^frT STT^ TTS: I

223. TTwMt*T: f % ?TT^ TTS" !

224. ^SFr* ^fcT T^ST^cT^ stt^: =W TTS: "I

120 Materia Medica

225. ^Tp;ToT?r?|Tr<?m ifa fbftwa% tts: i

226. T?«ft ^pTTrvr^rTw^f^iwr: ^ftcftss^r^ ^spuf,

shptSt tts. i

227. ^rr % fir srr^ «rre- i

228. «fk?fV^ft ?f?r *rr^ its: i

229. *r*nm?r: wfa stt^: tts: i

230. %cfT%cT: ff?T arre^ TTS: I

231. TSTTZFT: ^% 3TT^ 7T5: I

232. ^jsqsprrcsr^rer: sn^cmw^'f =;:?n i

233. srrercr^cnr ?fcr str^: qrc: t

234. q^srew sraWrer ¥%tf" sn^r^crcm % % fs^frirp:^ «rre: i

235. ^5#<fo*RpfoT: ^% ff <flWcT% TTS: I

236. ^pqfsst^f^HVqr 5% ^^ qlR >: '

237. *nr«fs-: ^fcT W«5^?Rj <TT5 I

238. vrftiFT % fcr «rsOT^i% TTS: I

239. frtuT^^tfe'SfrsfcT. lf?T ^5^3% 7T5. I

240. sftf^asw: Wfa VTW^ <TT5: I

241. ^fefKTsRra; f % srn^ tts:: !

242. ^sftqTT^T: ^2?TT: f% ?TFP^: TT3: I

243. fft^pr^ft^rfr^apft ffa &v%\ tts: i

244. ^ f <ssq-T0sf^q-Tq-|IT ^fcT WWt TTS" I

245. ^W1^Tfr^faFE>sfaW^q%T5R*r ffcT 3TT^ q75: I

246. cJCTTT WirrafsfcT TTStsq- tf^fe^Tq^qfs^rrej

247. ^rcrfq^TTTire'Tsmfa fftr an^: 7T5: i

248. ^T^V ^tepnrR'f T ffcT mw$; qrs; \

249. sncT^T fere: *r<m ^fa srr^qf^rer ire: i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 121

250. smFcft sfa m«rsnPPT tts: i (*n***r*r wvri x ■ ?3) i

251. cT^fw a^ ^i *fa ^T^sr^Tfr tts: (TOswrcr:

252. srarenF3*f*sj*nn ^ f?T ^^ ,TTS: l

253. ar^ts^rwr: ffcr srr^ tts: i

254. o^H^FTRR: I fir sfT^: TTS: I

255. ^iR^TTfel^t f sft ifcT STT^ <TTS: I

256. ?TfrT^ ffcT m^ TT5: »

257. g?rfNr% ?% srresfafeTgn'g; tts: i

258. ^a^rw-^TR'sr^T^r: <r«re*r x : ^ i

259. vrFTWPST: TEq^^f R. : X3 t

CHAPTER 3

Lavana (Salt)

All types of lavana are abhisyandi (which obstruct
channels of circulation), suksma (subtle), srsfamala (which
eliminates waste products) and alleviator of vdta. They cause
suppuration. They are sharp, hot and appetisers. They
aggravate kapha and pitta.

xTSTKif "TT^T ftqrTsf wrat

Saindhava (Rock salt)

Saindhava is sweet, cardiac tonic, digestive stimulant,
cooling, light, promoter of eye sight, carminative, unctuous,
and aphrodisiac. It alleviates all the three dosas.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 123

Go/a

The gaja type of salt is laghu, alleviator of vata, extremely
hot, purgative, aggravator of pitta, sharp, vyavayi (a substance
whose digestion and metabolism take place after it has pervaded
all over the body), suksma (subtle), abhisyandi (which obstructs
the channels of circulation) and pungent in vipaka.

rTTcqW ^TJT %fe *reTTT*rf*reTff f It V II
1

Samudra (Sea salt)

Samudra is sweet in vipaka and unctuous. It does not
possess strong laxative effect. It is heavy. It is not very hot.
It is digestive stimulant, purgative (?), alkaline, aviddhi (which
does not cause burning sensation). It aggravates kapha and
alleviates vayu. It is bitter and aruksa (not un-unctuous).

2

fas [wrrj'jssrW - ^wt^t^ttpitt mil

Vida

Vida is alkaline. It helps in the elimination of kapha as
well as vayu both through upward and downward tracts.

Pdkya

Pakya is digestive stimulant, light, sharp, hot,
appetiser and vyavayi (which gets digested and metabolised
after it has pervaded all over the body). It cures vibandha
(constipation), dndha (flatulence), vistambha (impairment of the
peristaltic movement of the colon), hrdruk (heart disease),

124 Materia Medica

gaurava (heaviness) and sula (colic pain).

Tankaria ksara (Borax)
Tankana ksara is a digestive stimulant and it is sharp.

*gsn«rnc>sfT?reT <g?w. 5#n?V q-^ciT f^rrir. nvsii

Sudhaksara

Sudhaksara is like fire. It is kledi (produces stickiness),
paktd (stimulant of digestion and metabolism) and viddrana
(which causes perforation).

3

Svadamstra ksara

The ksara of svadamsfrd is sweet, cooling and light. It
cleanses the channels of circulation.

spTT^raFT: «f«5: TTOTSf: ^^#5 11=; 1 1

Paldsa ksara

The Arscra of paldsa prevents conception and is the most
useful.

i& « ^

5

*rer.%»rifasf %S3TT^fT^fn;T: <R*T II ?? Il'
II ^fasTTCT: II

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 125

Other ksaras

Ksaras prepared of putfka, naktamdla, arka, dhava,
muskaka, pdfald, sarsapa, trapusa, ervdru, kadall, tila, stgru,
koidtaki, indra, tarkari, Mkhari, varuna, agni and such other
drugs cure guJma (phantom tumour), arsas (piles) and grahani
(sprue syndrome). They are laxative and carminative. They
cure kxmi (parasitic infection). They cause impotency. They
cure sarkard (gravel) and aimari (stone in the urinary tract).
They are harmful for the eyesight, hair and ojas. They cause
rakta pitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from different
parts of the body).

6

sff^ ^T^?rrfdw5r fesn? «r% u w u

Rucaka

Rucaka is an excellent appetiser, cardiac tonic, digestive
stimulant and carminative. It is unctuous. It alleviates vdyu
but does not aggravate pitta in excess. It is visada (non-slimy)
and light. It cleanses udgdra (eructation). It is subtle. It
cures vibandha (constipation), anaha (flatulence) and sula (colic
pain).

Krsna lavana

Krsna lavana shares all the properties of sauvarcala except
the smell.

T>R ifWq- ^m% Ttm; TT^cITT^T 1

Romaka

Romaka is an appetiser, digestive stimulant, sweet and
alleviator of vdyu.

1^6 Materia Medica

Udbhida

Udbhida is bitter, pungent, alkaline and sharp. It produces
kleda (sticky material) in the body.

Pamsuja

Pamsuja is bitter and hot. It cures sopha (oedema) and
aggravation of pitta and kapha.

1** * 4 ^ ^"H t i <^fi £ i *i T|»raTWi; ii u ii

Yavasukaja ksara

The Zrsara of yavasuka cures gulma (phantom tumour),
hrdroga (heart disease), graham (sprue syndrome), pandu
(anemia), plihan (splenic disorder), anaha (flatulence), gala-
maya (diseases of throat), svasa (asthma), arsas (piles) and
aggravation of kapha as well as vayu.

^TT^TFcnTTir: srfsrensnr 53=5^11^11'

Sarjika ksara

Sarjika ksara is slightly inferior in property in compari-
son with yavasWcaja ksara.

XJsah ksara

Usah ksara is hot, alleviator of vayu and prakledi (which
produces sticky matter). It destroys the power of digestion.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 12?

Pdcita ksdra

Pdcita ksdra cures medas (adiposity). It cleanses the
mouth and vasti (urinary bladder). It is un-unctuous. It
aggravates vdyu, alleviates kapha and vitiates pitta.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. =rmfTfrrTR*iw sfcr <spOT??r% qrs: i

2. flTSTT ffir 3rR#jft?R>T5 TT3: I

3. Fn§PKyft ^fcT 3TT^ TT3: I

6. *f*w ^r «r*s«rca% its: i

CHAPTER 4

[sTFres-sjjTrnr %&?$ ?:?»]

Iksurasa (Sugarcane juice)

The juice of iksu alleviates vayu, blood and pitta. It is
sweet, unctuous, pleasing, nourishing, life giver, refreshing,
aphrodisiac, cooling and laxative.

SW^ft TSPCT ST^ST f%<Tl% T«TTT ^FTTT: I

/fc«/ (Sugarcane)

Different types of ik§u are sweet, strength promoting,
sweet in vipaka, laxative, and unctuous. They cause kfirii
(parasitic infection).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 129

1

2

Iksu is of different types viz., paundraka, bhiruka, vamsaka,
sataporaka, kantareksu, tapaseksu, kdstheksu, suci patraka,
naipala, dirgha patra, nilapora, and kosakrt. These are the
varieties in general and now their properties will be described.

3

4

sN^T: f^fesr: ST3TRV sfSTCJt ¥cT: I

[srrewrer: ?^r"t '.-:^]

Dirghapjra & Vamsaka

Dlrghapora is exceedingly cooling, -sweet, unctuous,
nourishing, aggravator of kapha and laxative.

Vamsaka is hard and alkaline.

5

Satapora

Satapora is Lke vamsa. It is slightly hot and it alleviates
vayu.

Kdntdra & Tapasa
Kdntdra and tapasa types are like vamsaka.

6

130 Materia Mediea

Kandeksu

Kandeksu has similar properties but it aggravates vayu
and pitta.

7

Sucipatra etc.

Sucipatra, mlapora, nepala and dirgha patraka aggravate
vayu. They alleviate kapha and pitta. They are astringent and
they cause burning sensation.

sptenfrnft 5^ tftat TcfffarrsTziTTf: t

Kosakara

Kosakara is heavy and cooling. It cures raktapitta (a
disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body) and ksaya (consumption).

SRffa V?[?t rjjk W% Tf* t& ^ I

8

[iTTsr^S^JTJT: fjp-if 3 : ^-5.]

Taste of the different parts of Iksu

The root (lower part of the stem) of iksu is extremely
sweet. The middle portion of the stem of this plant is (moder-
ately) sweet. The upper part of the stem bears saline taste.

wfesT^" ^^^fr sn-crfq-xTf^tor: 1

Juice extracted by chewing

The juice of iksu that comes out by chewing does not
cause any burning sensation. It aggravates kapha but alleviates
vayu and pitta. It is nourishing to the eyes and aphrodisiac.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 131

'3^3*%^ fwi?ft *nfepF*3 ar^RRr: i

Juice extracted by a machine

The juice of iksu that is extracted by a machine is heavy
and it causes burning sensation. It is constipative.

Boiled juice

The boiled juice of iksu is heavy, laxative, unctuous and
sharp. It alleviates kapha and vata.

10

Phanita (Penidium)

Phanita is heavy, abhisyandi (which obstructs the channels
of circulation) and brmhana (nourishing). It produces more
of kapha and semen. It alleviates vata and pitta. It relieves
exhaustion and cleanses urine and urinary bladder.

Phanita prepared of the flower of madhuka is un-
unctuous. It alleviates vata and pitta.

Guda (Molasses)

Guda is aphrodisiac, heavy and unctuous. It alleviates
vdyu and cleanses urine. It does not alleviate pitta in excess.
It produces medas (adiposity), kapha, k?mi (parasitic infection)
and strength.

132 Materia Medico.

[irr^s^FpJr: ^spnt 3 . ? x\

fen JTTift crqijft ?pr: ST-TfrTSTTCfr^ |

Guda which is preserved for a long time (purdna)
alleviates pitta. It is sweet and unctuous. It alleviates vayu
and promotes blood. It is superior in therapeutic property and
is wholesome par excellence. It is a cardiac tonic.

Freshly collected (navd) guda reduces kapha and the power
of digestion.

11

12 13

"^%1'fksPTTfzq- XW^ ^ cT«TT <5m" II I'i II

Guda, matsyandika, kharida, sarkara and vimald — they are
progressively free from impurity, cooling, unctuous, heavy,
sweet and delicious.

14

Khanda (Candied sugar)

Khanda alleviates vayu and pitta. It is cooling, unctuous,
cardiac tonic, delicious, promoter of eyesight, nourishing
and strength promoting. It is an aphrodisiac par excellence.

15

sftirsr?rf|s7 fair fwsrr TVpisnikT' n 1%. u

Paundraka sarkara
Paundraka sarkara is useful in kslna (emaciation) and

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 133

ksata (phthisis). It is aphrodisiac and unctuous.

Madhu sarkara

The sarkara prepared of madhu (honey) cures chardi
(vomiting), atisara (diarrhoea) and trsna (morbid thirst). It is
exceedingly un-unctuous.

16

Samudrikodbhava sarkara

The samudrikodbhava sarkara is useful in the treatment of
mutrakrcchra (dysuria), asmari (stone in the urinary tract),
pllhan (splenic disorder), jvara (fever), asrkpitta (a disease
characterised by bleeding from different parts of the body), trt
(morbid thirst), chardi (vomiting), moha (unconsciousness),
murcha (fainting) and visa (poisoning).

Sarkara in general
All types of sarkara are like ambrosia.

17 18

II Sffcrersr'f: II

Depending upon these three factors viz., (1) extraction
from the most useful part, (2) freedom. from impurity and (3)
freedom from alkalinity, the sarkara becomes progressively
more potent and more cooling in potency.

134 Materia Medic a

Thus ends the group dealing with sugarcane and its
derivatives.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. %<TT5fT ffcT STPP^ TT3: I

3. gsfTcfV *nr: lister fscftinmT^" jfrT^n^ i

5. srer^ wfr^r^g; ^f?r stfft tts: i

6. ^t%^t: sr *r ^■Rrsr^frqtrr: ^% m^ qrs- t

7. #qwr ifa irreiPFrar qrc- i

8. srt *f?«ic5p5fW*fr sreifr xsr tjcr =^ ^f?r sj-r^ <rre i
9- ^q^Ttrfsrg; %fa stt^t ms: i

10. infoi^f ^T^rfqxifsra" qrstsq 1 *nssqr^% 5fto«pp*i^ i

11. TTTT ffa" 3TFFT 7T5: I

12. *p5=SR^r ffa" 3TH?T ITS. I

13. ^f ?pqT crsrr qrstsf fg?ftinTci% ?frq-?r¥3T^ i

14. fepsf ^flcf ^t j.fb: stppt tts: i

15. fWSFT ^i^^JT ^r^TT ffa" STPFT TT5: I

16. ^gfffiTT 1% HTT^r TTS: i

1 7. ; ?TTTrf?«rcrT ^fcr stT3k tts: i

18. csra5s?ftTr ^% featem^ rrs: i

CHAPTER 5

1
"<ftf;=HP wmi site' srifsrar «N*>q «r i

Madhu (Honey)

Variety

Paittika, bhramara, ksaudra, maksika, chatra, drghya,
auddalaka and dala — these are the eight varieties of madhu.

2

Property

Madhu is astringent in anurasa (after-taste), un-unctuous,
cooling, sweet, a digestive stimulant, lekhana (depleting) and
strength promoting. It cleans and heals ulcers and helps in the
joining of fractured bones. It is light, promoter of eyesight and
good voice, cardiac tonic and alleviator of all the three dosas.

136 Materia Medica

4

It cures chardi (vomiting), hikka (hiccup), visa (poisoning),
svasa (asthma), kasa (bronchitis), sotha (oedema), atisara
(diarrhoea) and raktapitta (a disease characterised by bleeding
from different parts of the body)- It is constipative. It cures
krmi (parasitic infection). It is an excellent drug for curing
moha (unconsciousness).

Paittika

Paittika type of madhu is slimy and sweet in excess. There-
fore it is known to be heavy.

5

■O 5\ %0 -V

Bhrdmara

Bhramara type of madhu produces jadya (numbness and
rigidity). It is excessively sweet.

Ksaudra

Kscudra type of madhu is specifically cooling, light and
lekhana (depleting).

vrarrfe* ^ ^Vr^ si^gr ?rfs%»sr?r: u %. it"

Maksika
Maksika type of madhu is lighter than the former. It is

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 137

exceedingly un-unctuous. It is specifically, useful in diseases
like svasa (asthma).

6

[m^^^: wr*T v : ?^]

Treshly Collected Madhu

Freshly collected (nava) madhu is nourishing. It does not
alleviate kapha in excess. It is very useful.

"^TfTPP *T* f|*T Prf^T TrPfTTTfcFT Hall

7

Chatra

Chatra type of madhu is sweet in vipaka, heavy, cooling
and slimy. It cures raktapitta (a diseases characterised by
bleeding from different parts of the body), svitra (leucoderma),
meha (obstin ite urinary disorders including diabetes) and krmi
{parasitic infection). It is of superior quality.

3 9

^WFT *fi&P <T1% forE ^JTTT^Tcr^T II s ll'

Arghya

Arghya type of madhu is an excellent promoter of eye-
sight. It is also an excellent alleviator of kapha and pitta. It is
astringent in taste and pungent m vipaka. It is bitter and does
not aggravate vayu.

^^Tirjreunrpsr ^ fqrr^R:qTf% ^ u £ n

138 Materia Medica

Auddattka

Auddalika type of madhu is appetiser and promoter of
good voice. It cures kusfha (obstinate skin diseases including
leprosy) and visa (poisoning). It is astringent, hot and sour. It
aggravates pitta. It is pungent in vipdka.

Dalodbhava

Dalodbhava type of madhu cures chardi (vomiting) and
meha (obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes). It is
un-unctuous.

Special attribute of Paittika

Paittika type of madhu is specially raksoghna (which cures
afflictions by evil spirits including germs) when used mixed
with ghee.

10

Madhu in general

Madhu m general cures medas (fat) and sthaulya (obesity).
It is constipative and when preserved for a long time (purana),
it is exceedingly depleting. It is a mixture of many drugs; there-
fore, it cures many diseases. In view of its association with
many drugs it is known to be yogavahin (which enhances the
property of other drugs). It alleviates all the three dosas when
properly digested. If ama is produced by its improper digestion
it vitiates all the three dosas.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 139

11

Adverse effect

In a person who is afflicted with heat and during the
summer season, madhu works like a poison.

Madhu is tender (sukumdra) and cooling. It is produced
by the mixture of the juices (rasa) of many drugs. Therefore,
it is specifically opposed to heat. It also produces adverse
effects when used by mixing with rain water (?).

12

In emetic therapy, madhu is mixed with hot water and
administered. It does not produce any adverse effect because
it does not stay in the stomach (comes out along with vomiting),
and therefore, does not get digested to produce such an effect.

sfn5rrfsF#2r zmm g?2r ^ v^ srfqrsft n ?«. u

Combination

Salt should not be used in combination with either honey
or milk. Honey and ghee should never be used together
m equal quantities.

II ^fcT *n^r*f: II

When honey and ghee are used in equal quantities but
mixed with other drugs, then such a combination, according to
scholars, does not produce any adverse effect.

140 Materia Medica

Thus ends the group of different types of madhu.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

2. fsr^Kfara; ?% stpp^ <tts: i

5. ^Tnr ^far arr^^ tts: i

6. ^T?r^rE5rf t ?f?r fs5Tm<T?rr% qrs- i

7. ^CTrrq-l^rfcraT^'T W% STT^^f "TfFcr^T^ TT5: l

10. ?^t^t ^f?r srr^rTsa^q" tts: i

12. f^itrr^qnfara; %fa f^frsrr??^ its: \

CHAPTER 6

2

^T^prr^^ m**?^ mh^I-jit *%w:<m: n ?u

3

Payor (Milk)

Variety

The milk of go (the cow), aja (the goat), urabhra (the
sheep), mahisa (buffalo), ustra (the camel), osva (the horse),
naga (the elephant) and manusya (woman) is used in medicine.
The milk of these animals contains the essence {rasa) of many
drugs, and therefore, it is life giver, heavy, sweet, slimy,
unctuous, cooling, subtle and laxative.

stftset <T^£> SI tf <T^fqrTTf%^R'Tq > \\ \\\

Go payas (Cow's milk)
Cow's milk is wholesome, rejuvenating, strength promo-

142 Materia Medica

ting and cardiac tonic. It promotes intellect, longevity and
virility. It cures aggravation of vayu and raktapitta (a
disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body).

•st*t ^*rrc »m sftef mfk vwt w% \

Chaga payas (Goat's milk) '

Goat's milk is astringent, sweet, cooling, constipative and
light. It cures raktapitta (a disease characterised by bleeding
from different parts of the body), atisdra (diarrhoea), ksaya
(consumption), kasa (bronchitis) and jvara (fever).

9T3rnTT*T?7^r*r<:«fT^¥.ef5TTBf5T^WRr I

4

^rfqNR 5q-i3rrq"RH#^Tf^fT 7^: UK It"

[m^snprar: 5"9rpt WV?^>]

Goats have a small physique. They eat mostly pungent
and bitter things and drink very little water. They perform
a lot of physical exercise. (They are agile). Therefore, goat's
milk cures all diseases.

5

«ik?l" *mi fcprsr ir^fcftrsptfn-iTM- |
6

[tTT^R-^SEnFr: M^PT *:?-^]

Vrabhra payas (Sheep's milk)

The milk of the sheep is sweet, unctuous and heavy. It
alleviates pitta and kapha. It is hot and is wholesome for
patients having an aggravation of vayu alone. It cures kasa
(bronchitis) and anilasonita (gout).

7

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarartanda 143

Mahisa payas (Buffalo milk)

The milk of the buffalo is exceedingly abhisyandi (which
obstructs channels of circulation) and sweet. It suppresses the
power of digestion. It induces sleep and produces a cooling
effect. It is more unctuous and heavy than cow's milk.

8

9

Ustra payas (Camel milk)

The milk of the camel is un-unctuous, hot, saline, sweet
and light. It is useful in the aggravation of vdta and kapha,
dnaha (flatulence), krmi (parasitic infection), sopha (oedema),
udara (obstinate abdominal diseases including ascitis) and
arias (piles).

10

fcfnsr ^wfc iM ^wv snresbnT us.ii

Ekasapha payas (Mares milk)

The milk of the mare is hot. It promotes strength. It
cures affliction of the limbs by vayu. It is sweet and sour
in taste, un-unctuous, saline in anurasa (subsidiary taste) and
pungent.

Hasti payas (Elephant's milk)
The milk of the elephant is unctuous, sthairyakara (pro-

144 Materia Medica

ducing steadiness) and cooling. It promotes eyesight and
strength. It is sweet, aphrodisiac and astringent m anurasa
(subsidiary taste) and heavey.

11

sftaT 3"pr m&% ?%pr *ttt<^ q^r: i

12 13

Manusi payas (Woman's milk)

The woman's mile promotes longevity and nourishment.
It is wholesome and unctuous. Its inhalation cures raktapitta
(a disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body). When used in aksatarpana therapy (application of cotton
swab soaked in the milk over the eyes) it cures pain in the
eyes.

sfpq- =prp^ ^-urr : —

•o

Property of the milk of cows of different colours

The milk of a black cow alleviates v&yu and it is superior
in quality. The milk of a yellow cow alleviates pitta and vayu.
The milk of a white cow aggravates kapha. The milk of a
red cow aggravates vayu.

14

^TW^fesRSFTT f*TCt 5,fiT f^PffKT II 12 II
g^fansrTf^sfttrsf ?pfoT SfTrfrcqjr I

Other Varieties

The milk of the cow having a very young calf or without
a calf aggravates all the three dosas. The milk of a cow long
after her delivery (baskayini) alleviates all the three dosas. It is
refreshing and strength promoting.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Toglarananda 145

The heaviness and unctuousness of the milk progressively
increases depending upon the arid, marshy and hilly areas in
which the cow grazes.

The milk of the cow which takes less food is heavy and
it alleviates kapha. For healthy persons it is very -useful inas-
much as it promotes strength and virility. The milk of the
cow which eats straw, grass and cotton seed is useful for
patients.

15

f^H^TfTTT cr^TWRT fsnftWfKT II %% II

The warm milk of the cow immediately after milking
(dharosnd) promotes strength. It is light and cooling. It is
like ambrosia. It alleviates all the three dosas and it stimu-
lates the digestion. When it becomes cold after milking
(dhara slta) it aggravates all the three dosas.

The Woman's milk is an exception to this rule inasmuch
as it is useful only when it is cold.

srFTTra^ ^m snTttupT^cf vw. u ?va it ~

Cold milk causes amavata (rheumatism) and dharosna
(when it is warm immediately after milking) milk is like
ambrosia.

146 Materia Medica

"pftwnn'fasF #r ^^^^t^^ttjt: II ?=; II

Cow's milk is useful when it is dharosna and buffalo's
milk is useful when it becomes cold after milking idhara sltd).
Sheep's milk is useful when it is warm after boiling. Goat's
milk should be used when it is cold after boiling.

Boiled and hot milk alleviates kapha and vdta. The milk
which is cooled after boiling alleviates pitta.

The milk which is boiled with half of water till the origi-
nal quantity of milk remains is lighter and useful.

5T%?r T%T f^q-fcrq-^^* jp£rr q-qr I

The milk which is excessively boiled by which it becomes
free from its water content, depending upon the time of boil-
ing, becomes progressively more and more heavy, unuctuous,
aphrodisiac and promoter of strength.

The santanika (the layer of cream which is formed on the
surface when the milk is boiled on low heat) of milk promotes
strength and virility. It alleviates pitta and vayu.

16

Tpft sftT *T %%cT %%cf q-fe T F^cT II "R? II

Time of taking milk

Milk should not be taken at night. If one happens to

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 147

to take milk at night, then he should not sleep. If he sleeps
after taking milk, then it reduces longevity. Therefore, milk
is wholesome if taken during day time.

snrTfa^ to srnfr fe^f*^ tts cfpspFnr 1

17

During night the attributes of the moon become predo-
minant and there is no exercise. Therefore early morning
(prabhata) milk is generally constipative, heavy and aggravator
of dosas. On the other hand, there is exposure to sun shine,
exercise and wind, for which the evening (pradosd) milk
alleviates fatigue. It promotes strength and eye sight. It
alleviates vayu and pitta.

Time of intake

Milk taken in the forenoon produces aphrodisiac and
nourishing effects. It stimulates the power of digestion.

iTEirr|f ^nrswr *sn%i: fq-TTTif ^Vq-^nr it T* u

Milk taken during noon-time promotes strength. It
alleviates kapha and pitta. It is a digestive stimulant.

18 19

20

Milk taken during the night promotes strength in child-
ren, cures consumption, increasingly produces semen in old-

148 Materia Medica

men. It is wholesome and it cures many diseases. It invariably
promotes eye sight.

Combination

When used in combination with sarkara, milk produces
kapha and alleviates vayu.

In combination with sitd and sitopala, milk produces
semen and alleviates dosas.

g-TTsT ^W 5 !^ fwS%5R^: ■*!% II ^ II

[jrprsrenrer: gwnnf ?y : $\]

If taken in combination with guda, milk cures mutra
kfcchra (dysuria) and it aggravates pitta and kapha.

21

Intake of milk at night

Some scholars hold the view that milk alone can be taken
at night. But along with milk no other food like rice should
be taken. If there is indigestion, then one should not sleep at
night. One should not leave a part of the milk after drinking.

22

23
dsKI£MSrR*T«f TPft sfbC ST^TF^ II R^ II

[TTFTSPfrM: f^Rif ?Y:Yo-Y? ]

Generally, human beings take food and drinks during,
the day time which cause burning sensation (yiddhin). To
alleviate this burning sensation, milk is useful at night.

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 149

*f^rof faxtf ^F^r fT?sf ^rf^Tcr w. i

24

Bad quality

Milk whose colour and taste are changed, which has
become sour, which produces a putrid smell and which is of
knotted appearance should not be used. It should not be used
when mixed with sour things and salt because this type of milk
produces diseases like kustha (obstinate skin diseases including
leprosy).

25

'?>cTFf?r w§ "jftr sn% *rg xz$& i

26

Indication

For persons whose digestive power is very strong, who
are- emaciated, for infants and old persons and for those who
indulge in sex, milk is exceedingly useful. It produces semen
instantaneously.

27

Special Processing

When the luke-warm (kosna) milk of either a cow or a
goat is stirred with a wooden rod (dandahata), it becomes light
and aphrodisiac. It cures fever and alleviates vayu, pitta and
kapha.

28

3"%wfe^ crsir *rfrcc[ft?nFrt WW 1

150 Materia Medico

Ksira phena (foam of the milk)

The foam that comes out of the milk (ksira phena)
alleviates all the three dosas. It is an appetiser and promoter
of strength as well as the power of digestion. It is whole-
some, instantaneously refreshing and light. It is beneficial in
atisara (diarrhoea), agnimandya (suppression of the power of
digestion) and jirnajvara (chronic fever). It cures sula (colic
pain), sopha (oedema), ama, kasa (bronchitis) and visama j\ara
(irregular fever). It heals -the wound in the chest (urah sandhana)
and cures hikka (hie cup), and svasa (asthma).

^TvrfTT srerspar ^l\ cT^ faqreff: I

Precaution

Milk and butter milk (takra) should not be given without
food (anna) by a physician.

smsf ^rrafTsfhc tfMF fT5Fnrcr?pr 11 v* 11

Container

Milk in a copper container alleviates vayu. In a gold
container it alleviates pitta, in silver it alleviates kapha and in a
brass container it promotes blood.

29

Ghana & PTyusa

The milk of the cow immediately after delivery is called
ghana and piyusa.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 151

30

Aforato

After seven days of the delivery, the milk is called morata.
According to Jayyata, the asava or mastu prepared of the
curdled (nasta) milk is called morata.

Dadhi kurcika, Takra kurcika, Kildta etc.,

The preparation made out of boiling curd and milk (in
equal quantity) is called dadhi kurcika. When this is done with
buttermilk and milk it is called takra kurcika. If the preparation
is made out in a solid form (pinda) then it is called kilataka.
If the preparation is done without boiling but by adding sugar,
then it is called ksTrasika.

31

crater sr ct^ irc<|Tsr [ qr^mTfsrcnj; ] 1 1 \ * 1 1

Pinda

When the curdled (nasta) milk (?) or butter milk is
filtered through a cloth and the residue is completely free from
water, it is called pinda.

<ffajT Jft^rfrfa eplwr ^fsTcTsFJft: U 35. II
VT3: ivFZjm ^zrr f[ m ^raTfaRRFTT: II Vo ||

152 Materia Medica

Property of Piyusa etc.

Ptyusa, morata, dadhikurcika, takra kurcika, kilafa, ksfra-
sika and takra pinda axe nourishing and heavy. They aggravate
kapha. They are aphrodisiacs and cardiac tonjcs. They alleviate
vayu and suppress the power of digestion. They are exceedingly
useful for those having a strong power of digestion, those
suffering from sleeplessness and those indulging in sex.

Milk in different Seasons

Buffalo's milk should be us d in the summer season. The
milk of goat and sheep is useful in hemanta (beginning of
winter). Cow's milk is like ambrosia for human beings during
the rainy season.

II ifcT sftwf: II
Thus ends the group dealing with various types of milk.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. ^TT^f cTTT ?% 3Tm TT5: I

2. sn^TiTT^^nrfq- qrsrfe^ *rc°Rt ^fa stt^t its. i

4. Tr?*r«fTFnx %fa m^x qrs: i

5. for^ra^ ^Tg^HTT^T ^i% m^x qrs. i

6. TS ffcT 3TPPT VT5: I

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 153

9. 5ft*ft ifcT sn^t qrs: I
10. ^wnr^qi %f& qTq^ q-Ts: i
11- TFTST f% stt^ qrs: 1

12. TcEfqrf % ffcT STF*^ qT3: I

13. ^rfsrersr^rq- sfa - stfp^: its- i

14. ^fspsftag^ f f?r q^sqj?r% qT3: i

15- ^rsn^T %fa T^T??T% TI3: 1

16 xrfk ffcr fg:d^3rT?cr% qre: i
1 7. spfto f% «pssq-?ar% TT5: r

18 ^TcT ^f?r ffcfV^T??r% TT5: i

19. "spre^ 1% fg:?ftinT?cf% qrs: i

20 snar g-f onrfTq-^tqfT^T q^t^ra - qrjfr i

i-jwt vm^wrftn^vri; «0r f|cr wow i
ff?r TTW^'S^ir'Tw qrc i

21. •^T^cZT^if ?T Wtfo ^T#€V ffrT 5TT^ VTZ I

22. JFRTT: Wfcr STFf^: TT3 i

23 ?T^T f«H%W ?fn 5TT^" 713: I

24 <f<=5Tf3;fn? ^RT: ffcT STFf^; <TTC 1
25. Tq". fi# ^fcT STT^ 7TS: I

26 *t?t: wf?r srnfrt qre l
27. fq%^r sfa ?TT^; qTS: 1

28 ^% qW f fa 3TT^ qTS 1

29 q^rrcPTq^cr sftr tc3T??t% qrs: i

30 ^^^rrrsspflcr wfcr q^sq??f% qra- i

31- =rrwr i ^f?r fg-efrzrqs<r% qre- i

wr TTf^"5!t f fcr *pssqr?cr% qT5: i

CHAPTER 7

1

Dadhi (curd)

Dadhi is hot, a digestive stimulant, unctuous, astringent
in anurasa (subsidiary tas+e), heavy, sour in vipdka and consti-
pative. It vitiates pitta and blood and aggravates sotha (oedema),
medas (adiposity) and kapha. It is useful in mutra krcchra
(dysuria), pratisyaya (cold), sitaga visamajvara (irregular fever
which is associated with a feeling of cold), atisara (diarrhoea),
aruci (anorexia) and kursya (emaciation). It promotes strength
and semen.

strt ^^c^t^t q^nf ^f«r <ts^sjt 113 it

Variety

The first stage of dadhi is called manda (in which there is

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 155

no manifested taste). The second stage of it is called svadu
(sweet) and the third stage is svadvamla (both sweet and sour in
taste). During the fourth stage it is called amla (sour) and the
fifth stage is called atyamla (excessively sour). These are the
five varieties of dadhi.

Manda

Like milk, manda has no manifested taste and there is
less of ghee in it.

It helps in the elimination of stool and urine. It vitiates
all the three dosas and causes burning sensation.

2

^^RFP^~M ffrT ^TfFFst^CTfTarr II X II

Svadu

When it gets properly condensed and there is the mani-
festation of a sweet taste it is called svadu. The sour taste in it
is not manifested.

3Tcr^T *r«n: it% T^fq-xTsrErnrHT' u s ii

3

srrsnf?^ cr vwz ^FrfqTrnr^|'n' q T i

Svadu is slightly abhisyandi (which obstructs the channels
of circulation). It is aphrodisiac and it reduces medas (fat),
kapha and vata. It is sweet in vipaka. It produces more of
blood and pitta. If this is taken during the early morning then
it alleviates both vayu and pitta.

156 Materia Medica

Svadvamla

The svadvamla variety of dadhi is both sweet and sour in
taste. It is astringent in anurasa (subsidiary taste).

4

In properties, it is like dadhi in general.

5

Amlaka

When dadhi is deprived of its sweet taste, and its sour
taste is well manifested, then it is called amlaka.

It stimulates digestion and aggravates blood, pitta aiid
kapha.

6

Atyamla

When dadhi becomes exceedingly sour it is called atyamla.
It causes a tingling sensation {harsa) in the teeth and horripila-
tion (roma harsa). It produces burning sensation in the throat
etc.

7

It stimulates digestion and exceedingly vitiates blood
and pitta.

8

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 157

Gavya dadhi (Curd of cow's milk)

Dadhi prepared from Cow's milk is an excellent promoter
of strength. In vipaka, it is sweet. It is an appetiser, sacred,
a digestive stimulant, unctuous and nourishing. It alleviates
vayu.

Among the several varieties of dadhi, the one prepared
from cow's milk is known to be the best.

Mahisa dadhi (Curd of buffalo's milk)

Dadhi prepared from buffalo milk is exceedingly unctuous.
It aggravates kapha and alleviates vayu as well as pitta. It is
sweet in vipaka, abhisyandi (which obstructs the channels of
circulation), an aphrodisiac and heavy. It vitiates blood.

5*TC*Rt ^re^T^:«Twrwr ^mir ll \R II

Aja dadhi (Curd of goat's milk)

Dadhi prepared from goat's milk is very useful. It is
constipative and light. It alleviates all the three dosas. It is
useful in svdsa (asthma), kasa (bronchitis), arsas (piles), ksaya
(consumption) and karsya (emaciation). It stimulates the
digestive power.

10
q=F^sr*r# ^ 3fa ftWT 'FJftrWT I

158 Materia Medica

Dadhi of boiled milk

Dadhi prepared from boiled milk is an appetiser, unctuous
and exceedingly useful. It alleviates pitta and vayu, and pro-
motes all the tissue elements (dhatus), digestive power and
strength.

vmi sfa mnfg ^mvr ^nrcref ^rsr i
11

Dadhi which is free from fat is constipative, astringent,
aggravator of vayu and light. It produces flatulence (vistambhi).
It is a digestive stimulant and appetiser. It cures grahani (sprue
syndrome).

Trf^TcT ?fa SffFffST WTcT^f ^W *T^ I

If the watery portion of dadhi is removed by Alteration,
then it becomes exceedingly unctuous. It alleviates vayu and
aggravates kapha. It is heavy. It promotes strength and nouri-
shment. It is an appetiser and sweet. It does not aggravate
pitta in excess.

Combination

Combined with sugar, dadhi in very useful in curing
tfsna (morbid thirst), vitiated pitta as well as blood and daha
(burning syndrome).

Along with guda, dadhi alleviates vayu. It is aphrodisiac,
nourishing, refreshing and heavy.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 159

[?rP¥ipf;T5r. 5-ftrar^ ?k : ?--?'3]

Contra-indications

Dadhi should not be taken at night, nor should it be
taken without ghee, sugar, mudga supa or honey. It should not
be taken when it is hot nor without amalaki.

12

At night, dadhi should not be taken. It is useful when
mixed with water and ghee. It is not useful in diseases caused
by blood, pitta and kapha.

13

v. ^

In hemanta (first part of winter), sisira (later part of
winter) and in the rainy season intake of dadhi is beneficial.
Generally, it is not useful in autumn, summer and spring ,
season.

^F^qr^rwf "wmi fefsr %3T sfafsnr: ir°ii

[ Trrcsrerer. s-fwf ? k: ?=;- ? 5. ]

Adverse effect

A person who takes dadhi without following the prescribed
procedure succumbs to acute form of jvara (fever), asrk pitta
(a disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body), visarpa (erysipelas), kustha (obstinate skin diseases inclu-
ding leprosy), pandvamaya (anemia), bhrama (giddiness) and
kamala (jaundice).

160 Materia Medica

14

Austrika dadhi (Curd of camel's milk)

Dadhi prepared from camel's milk is pungent in vipdka,
alkaline and sour. It cures aggravated vayu, arias (piles),
kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy), krmi (parasitic
infection) and udara (obstinate abdominal diseases including
ascitis).

Avika dadhi (Curd of sheep milk)

Dadhi prepared from the milk of the sheep aggravates
kapha, rata and durnaman (piles).

15

Vadava dadhi (Curd of mare's milk)

Dadhi prepared from mare's milk is a digestive stimulant
and harmful for the eye. It aggravates vayu. It is un-unctuous,
hot and astringent. It reduces kapha and urine.

Nan dadhi (Curd of woman's milk)

Dadhi prepared from woman's milk is unctuous, sweet it*
vipaka, promoter of strength, refreshing and heavy. ^ It is an
excellent promoter of eye sight. It alleviates dosas. It is ex-
tremely useful.

<?rW% 3MIUH sftjffOTf qfttHKH^ II V II

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 161

Naga dadhi (Curd of elephant's milk)

Dadhi prepared from elephant's milk is light in vipdka.
It alleviates kapha. It *s hot in potency and it reduces the
power of digestion. It is astringent in anurasa (subsidiary
taste). It increases the quantity of stool.

?«fr=frErf?r irp%# TsqF?Y% \*f% fSTf- ll 25 II

General

Properties of different types of dadhi are described above.
Among them, the dadhi prepared from cow's milk is the best.

16

*fT'£f^sronT#3'? Tfsrra^ ?$& ^ i'

If the inside wall of the bhanda (jar in which curd is pre-
pared) is smeared with the paste of the pulp of kapittha, juice
of dmalaka, paste of the root of citraka or the juice of ripe
mango, then the curd becomes hard (increased density) and
sweet.

Salt, silver and vida — these are very essential (lit. life) for
dadhi.

Brwre^rf?: tft ■mm wt: ^*rrrf^r?r: it R* it

Sara & Mastu

The upper layer of the milk which is dense and unctuous
is called sara (cream) and the watery portion of the curd is
called mastu.

162 Materia Medica

3TC: *STT§»f'pf<aft ^T^f%5p>TT5Pr: II ^5. II

^#f%-^TH^l^t: fTcP^jrfcrcrsfa: 1

Sara is sweet, heavy and aphrodisiac. It reduces vdyu
and the power of digestion. It stimulates (yidhamand) the
bladder. When it becomes sour, it aggravates pitta and kapha.

17

5TfGif sftiR sftsr' ffFTfrT TpSTSBTflT II 3? I!

Mastu cures mental fatigue (klama). It is a strength
promoter and light. It promotes appetite for food. It
cleanses the channels of circulation and produces kleda (sticky
material). It alleviates k apha, trsna (morbid thirst) and vdyu.
It is not aphrodisiac. It is refreshing and works as an instant
laxative.

H f% sfsR^f; ii
Thus ends the group dealing with various types of dadhi.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

2. &T% fa#55Tf ?PT % far 3TRi3: q73: I

4. ^WlVJJ4ri| ^fa <snss^?r% TT5: I

5. 3T?BIW f fcT fScft^^T TTH: I

6. cT€iT3R?f «[fcT <TO*THI% qTZ>: I

7. ^FrrjrfTcr^rc' sfa *n^ its: «

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todlarananda 163

8. *\&i 3fsr feSpfir *WT3*<?f =*r ^fsrsreir sTer m^K its: i

11. *^t srsrqrfesfiT" qrsrssf qT3T^% ?rtT?TTSFr i

12. ^ #^" rRT ffa STF^ TT3: I

13. =*nfr i% snrc^; qrre: i

14. 3t?PT2nffsr ^f«r <ttc>s*t «t^<t^t% *fr<??PRT% i

15. =F<fiTWTg f far fg-^fteq"*^ tts: i

16. fk*£ ft TT5tS7 fg-^-q-'T??r% iftq^'WJ'd I

17. sp^irrfawTq-f *r ^f?r <spssqT3% qrs: i

CHAPTER 8

1

2
5jft*fteWf — tff^>TO^fTWto II ? II

*T?*T^f^ri^PTcfT* Tt^prq-R; ^r^jr i

Takra (Butter milk)

Takra is light, astringent, hot and digestive stimulant.
It alleviates kapha and vdta. It cures sotha (oedema), udara
(obstinate abdominal diseases including ascitis), arias (piles),
grahani (sprue syndrome), mutra graha (anuria) , aruci (ano-
rexia), gulma (phantom tumour), pllhan (splenic disorder),
ghrta vydpat (complications because of wrong administration of
ghee) and pangvdmaya (anemia).

3

SWSra^RT q»'H^T4dtid' ^ TO II R II

■« a C C C *s

4

Variety

Takra is of three types depending upon the content of fat

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Totfarananda 165

which is either completely removed, half removed or not re-
moved at all.

5

FTrT: <tt" ^cq-encf T^rraFnr^T^nT i

The first variety from which fat is completely removed is
light and wholesome. The second variety from which half of the
fat is removed is exceedingly heavy and aphrodisiac. The
third variety from which fat is not removed is exceedingly
aphrodisiac.

jrp^rRTfir ^sffaircet ^m ^*rrfe?Rr II V n

The properties of the different types of dadhi prepared
from the milk of different animals are also shared by the takra
prepared out of them.

5«T,^T^¥f%«f *£^f% wfrfT?m

6

7

By the great sages like Susruta, takra is described to be of
four types viz., ghola, mathita, udasvit and takra. The butter-
milk which contains cream and to which water is not added is
called ghola. When the cream is removed but no water is added
then it is called mathita. When one fourth quantity of water
is added then it is called takra. In udasvit half the quantity of
wafer is added.

166 Materia Medica

^f^R*FB5 SF^ ssFHSf TT't TcPT II ^ II

Takra alleviates all the three dosas. Udasvit aggravates
kapha, promotes strength and alleviates fatigue par excellence.

8

Property of different types

Butter milk prepared of the manda variety of dadhi is un-
unctuous, abhisyandi (which obstructs the channels of circu-
lation), and difficult of digestion.

9
cRS 5 *n*T* fWsf ^^TW ^IcrfarHcT II s II

Buttermilk prepared of the sweet variety of dadhi is
unctuous. It aggravates kapha and alleviates vayu and pitta.

Buttermilk prepared of the sour variety of dadhi alleviates
vayu- Buttermilk prepared of dadhi which is extremely sour,
aggravates rakta (blood) and pitta.

?m o ^n=3* ^tfsct?" ^f^TersfiTPsr iis.ii

The heaviness of takra progressively inci cases depending
upon the increase in density.

■N

Combination

When there is aggravation of vayu, sour variety of takra
should be taken by adding rock salt. In pitta, sweet variety of

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 167

takra should be taken mixed with sugar. In kapha the un-
unctuous variety of takra should be used by adding alkalies,
sunthi, pippali and marica. In mutrakrcchra (dysuria), guda
should be added and in pdndu citrdka should be added to the
takra.

10

11

If hingu and jfrd are added and the powder of rock salt is
sprinkled over takra, then it becomes an excellent alleviator of
vdyu. It also becomes an excellent curative for arsas (piles)
and atisara (diarrhoea). It is an appetiser, nourishing and
strength promoting. It also cures colic pain in the region of
vasti (urinary bladder).

12

Process of preparation

Unboiled (ama) takra alleviates kapha in the kostha
(colon) but produces kapha in the throat. The boiled (pakva)
takra is specifically useful in pinasa (chronic cold), svasa (asthma)
and kasa (bronchitis).

13

^% 1^" ^B^^f^r^^f^^T 3 ^^ n ?* ii
cnro^cfr — *^«T*tff — ^*in?*r*RrcPT i

1 68 Materia Medica

14

Properties in general

Takra works like ambrosia in winter season, when there
is suppression of the power of digestion, in the diseases caused
by kapha and vdyii, in aruci (anorexia) and srotorodha (obstruc-
tion to the channels of circulation). It cures diseases caused
by kapha, chardi (vomiting), praseka (salivation), visama jvara
(irregular fever), pandu (anemia), medas (adiposity), graham
(sprue syndrome), arsas (piles), mutragraha (suppression of
urination), hhagandara (fistula-in-ano), meha (obstinate urinary
disorders including diabetes), gulma (phantom tumour), atisara
(diarrhoea), sula (colic pain), plihan (splenic disorder), udara
(obstinate abdominal disorders including ascitis), aruci (ano-
rexia), svitra (leucoderma), kotha (urticaria), ghrta vyapat (com-
plications arising out of improper use of ghee), kusfha
(obstinate skin diseases including leprosy), sopha (oedema),
tfsa (morbid thirst) and krmt (parasitic infection),

#3- W* SRT ^STRiftsq-sFTH ff §#%" I

15 16

^ ^^NnTcTT|<T H fNr ^ptfrT% II U II "

[ TrresRnrsr. trmff ? i: ? v- ? «? ]

Contra-indication

Takra should not be used in ksata (phthisis), during hot
season, when a person is weak and in murcha (fainting), bhrarna
(giddiness), ddha (burning syndrome) and raktapitta (a disease
characterised by bleeding from different parts of the body).

^ cTsfr%<fr sir^ j^tiVst ^s^t: srsrefer frnr i
T«rr ^lurr^^cf mzm mi ?mirT irfk epRTf . i

Excellence

A person who habitually takes takra never suffers and
being impregnated with takra, diseases do not attack him. As

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 169

ambrosia gives happiness to the gods, so also takra produces
happiness in human beings on this earth.

?r fnp^srr- 5nT«rf% ffrr: ii ?* u

It cures vayu because of its sour taste, pitta because of its
sweet taste and kapha because of its astringent taste. There-
fore (?) takra should not be given to a patient suffering from
fever and being impregnated with takra, diseases do not attack
him.

II ¥f?r cT^PT: II

Thus ends the group dealing with various types of takra.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

l. ?nr ^m^wi -%fo m*t$. qrs: i

2 ^T/t^T^T^^^^T^: ?f% 5TPPT TT5: I
3. ?T?T lf?T %rtW'X qre: I

-4. Tcfr 1% stf^ wrs: i
6. ^t %fa qc5<T*3% its. t

9. Spf %fa ff cft^T^^fr tjTS :

170 Materia Medica

1 1. cPnT% ^fcT fkcffrpT*cr% «TT5: I

13. ens if?r ^^cr^5r% qrs: i

14. «s?it«ro fflr "snss^cr^ tts: i

15. ^W*iW»IH£ ^fcT «TO5*cl% <TT3: I

16. -*TKfqTl% ^fcT STT^ "TTS: I

CHAPTER 9

*T*rfft?f ff?f TTSq- cfz4 WW^cTTf^Tffg; I

1

Navanlta (Butter)

Butter (navanlta) prepared from cow's milk is very useful.
It is aphrodisiac, promoter of complexion, strength and the
power of digestion and constipative. It cures aggravated vdyu,
pitta and blood, ksaya (consumption), arsas (piles), ardita
(facial paralysis) and kdsa (bronchitis).

It is useful both for young and old and it is like ambrosia
for infants.

2

^jfYcf irffprntj ^TJFreTsPT" *T3 II R II

anifTTrsrTfT" irsisr^fasriqw i

Mahisa NavanTta
The butter collected from buffalo milk aggravates yayu

172 Materia Medica

and kapha. It is heavy. It cures daha (burning syndrome),
vitiated pitta and srama (physical fatigue). It promotes medas
(adiposity) and semen.

3
4

Milk butter

The butter collected from milk is extremely unctuous. It
promotes eye sight and cures rakta pitta (a disease characterised
by bleeding from different parts of the body). It is aphrodisiac,
promoter of strength, constipative, sweet and extremely
cooling.

fpf5fH % SfSTFP **n% flTff ff*f ^ II V ll

Freshly collected butter

Freshly collected butter is sweet, constipative, cooling,
light and promoter of intellect. It is slightly astringent and
sour because of its association with a small quantity of butter
milk.

5

[TTTsnrsppn-: srapftanpT ?V9 • ?-$]

Preserved butter

Buttei preserved for a long time is alkaline, pungent and
sour because of which it aggravates chardi (vomiting), arias
(piles) and kuspia (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy). It
aggravates kapha. It is heavy and it produces more of fat.

II ?% fTaRVcHPT : 11
Thus ends the group dealing with various types of butter.

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Tojarananda \ *l%

6
7

Ghee
Cow's milk ghee

Ghee prepared from cow's milk increases memory,
intellect, power of digestion, semen, ojas, kapha and medas
(fat). It cures unmada (insanity) caused by vayu, pitta and
kapha, sosa (consumption), alaksml (inauspiciousness) and visa
(poisoning). It promotes eyesight, digestive power and strength.
Cow's ghee is the best among the ghees.

•a

Goafs milk ghee

Ghee prepared from goat's milk stimulates the digestive
power and promotes eyesight and strength. It is useful in kasa
(bronchitis), svasa (asthma) and ksaya (consumption). It is light
for digestion.

q^i TxSft^^ *T3 Tl% WK<Vm*l li * It

8

^TFifi'rTsrsm^ wxm *nf|«r sjcw; 1

Buffalo milk ghee

The ghee prepared from buffalo-milk is sweet. It cures
raktapitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from different
parts of the body). It is heavy for digestion. It aggravates
kapha and alleviates vayu and pitta. It is cooling.

'Sfrea:* ^S *fT <TT% STTSTfrfat^rifffT II §.11

174 Materia Medico

Camel's milk ghee

Ghee prepared from camel's milk is pungent in vipaka.
It cures sotha (oedema), krmi (parasitic infection) and visa
(poisoning). It stimulates digestion and alleviates kapha and
vayu. It cures kusfha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy),
gulma (phantom tumour) and visa (poisoning).

<tt% <=psntiw srfcpf ^ fq-g-spffrroir n ?° n'

9

Sheep's milk ghee

Ghee prepared from sheep's milk is light for digestion and
it does not aggravate pitta. It is useful in aggravated kapha and
vayu, yoni dosa (diseases of the female genital tract), sotha
(oedema) and kampa (trembling).

10

% 11

Mare's milk ghee

Ghee prepared from mare's milk is light for digestion, hot
in potency, astringent, alleviator of kapha and stimulant of the
digestive power. It obstructs proper elimination of stool and
urine.

Elephant's milk ghee

The ghee prepared from elephant's milk is astringent. It
obstructs proper elimination of stool and urine. It is bitter,
stimulant of digestion and light. It cures aggravated kapha,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 1 75

kusfha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy), visa (poison-
ing) and krmi (parasitic infection).

12

13

Ghee of woman's milk

The ghee prepared from woman's milk is an excellent
promoter of eyesight. It is like ambrosia. It promotes the
physique and the power of digestion. It is light for digestion
and it cures visa (poisoning).

Ghee prepared of milk

The ghee prepared of milk is refreshing. It cures eye
diseases and daha (burning syndrome).

«*= ,* m< JU*™** ■

*T5dT$ SSWt^ K3 WT?WTT*115F&{_ II ?K II
15

Preserved ghee

The ghee which is kept preserved for a long time (puraoa)
cures timira (cataract), ptnasa (chronic cold), svdsa (asthma),
kasa (bronchitis), murcha (fainting), kustha (obstinate skin
diseases including leprosy), visa (poisoning), unmada (insanity),
daha (burning syndrome), apasmdra (epilepsy), colic pain in
yoni (female genital tract), ear, eye and head, sotha (oedema),
gara (a type of poisoning) and fever. It alleviates all the three
dosas. It is purgative. It cleanses and heals ulcers.

176 Materia Medic'a

G^fto manda

- The upper portion of the ghee is called g/yta marttfa
according to Susruta. It is un-unctuous, sharp and thin .

16

|q^f^T *(%*** 5faT TNR- TT^T II ?=: II '

The ghee that is taken out from the cream produced at the
time of milking the cow is called hayarhgavina. It promotes
eyesight and the power of digestion. It is digestive stimulant
and appetiser par excellence.

*rfa: "pcm" f^refar 5*TSPrft«Rf 3 qcT ll ?5. II

Presentation

The ghee which is preserved for ten years is strength
promoting and aphrodisiac. It specifically cures fever.

The ghee which is preserved for more than ten years is
called ajya. It is rejuvenating.

^r Ti^mjs m: gwrsfa TrirrfsR?*r n r? 11

^ ft C\ o "\ *

The ghee which is preserved for one hundred years is

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 1 77

called kumbha sarpi. It cures the afflictions by rak?as (evil
spirits). The ghee which is preserved for more than one
hundred years is called mahaghrta. It is the best among all the
ghees.

Depending upon the duration of preservation, the ghee
becomes progressively more and more useful.

tft *rr*r f^rsJTT ^ few?'? ^ t^t?^ i

Contra-indication

Ghee is not very useful in raja yaksma (tuberculosis),
young age, old age, in diseases caused by kapha, in the ama
stage of diseases, visucika (cholera), constipation, maddtyaya
(alcoholism), fever and in the suppression of the power of
digestion.

II ffcT SH3MT: II

c

Thus ends the group dealing with various type of ghee;

NOTES AND REFERENCES

l. ^mffsfesFTtffcr ff<r nwK <rra: i

^q^flfc cprrerfcrrj; ^f?r arre^cr^i tts: i

2. WmfcwgT ¥f^T T^?^ TT3: |

3. freftcq ^T^-?f|rf 5 =srspf T^TtT^ fffT srnr*: TTS*. I

5. ?TftI I , <+d^f^^l'^ilh!:|i6A+K 5 P'T ffe *ii+^ qrs: i

178 Materia Medica

6. 5r**fi«wTrofT lf?r m^rk tts: i

7. **ff ^fcT ?TFF^ TT5: I

9. 5ft<t sfcT SRT^: ITS' I

10. 5 lf%" WPP^ <TTS: I

11. *T% lf5T etc35?^% TT3: |

12. ^^T^iTTnra^" ffgr 3Hn^T5fW3TO TTS: I

1 3. %fr**T ^ TTf% ^% ^33^3% <TTC: I

14. fcrPTTsrfdssi-M (^w^RPra; ^fcr *rrc3: ttc: i

15. ^raw ^ft^f^rcT qr*r ^ftr sit^: qrs: 1

16. ^*ft ^fer "s^g^r^ tts: 1

CHAPTER 10

1
'for ^nfrref**-! vi«WTt»r? ^ ?n:sr i

Oil

Oil is astringent in anurasa (subsidiary taste), sweet,
subtle, hot and vyavayi (which pervades all over the body be-
fore digestion). It aggravates pitta. It obstructs the proper
elimination of stool and urine. It does not aggravate kapha.
By combination and processing it cures all diseases. It is
laxative.

2

^T^^fsarf^SSTf^^^rf^rtfff^r^rpc^ i

3

180 Materia Medica

4

7Yfo ta'/a (GingiU oil)

Til oil is useful in excised, incised, dislocated, macerated,
lacerated, ulcerated, pressed, fractured, Droken, perforated,
burnt, separated and scraped wounds and injury and eating
away by wild animals. It is used in the form of seka (sprinkling),
abhyanga (massage), avagaha (bath), vasti (enema), pana (drink-
ing through mouth), nasya (inhalation), karnapurana (ear drop)
and aksipurana (pouring over eyes). It is used in food and
drinks for the alleviation of vayu.

Ksauma taila (Linseed oil)

The oil of k?auma alleviates vayu. It is sweet and a pro-
moter of strength. It is pungent in vipaka. It is not useful for
eyes. It is unctuous, hot and pungent. - It aggravates pitta.

frfrrsjf *n*H #5T spffcsTTf WW II ^ II

Sdrsapa taila (Mustard oil)

The oil of sarsapa cures kfmi (parasitic infection), karidu
(itching) and kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy).
It is light and reduces kapha, medas (fat) and vayu. It is
lekhana (depleting), pungent and a digestive stimulant.

5
6 ' 7~"

8

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 181

Eranda taila (Castor oil)

The oil of eranda is useful in the pain of the heart,
bladder, sides of the chest, knee joint, thigh, waist, back and
bone. It is also useful in anaha (flatulence), asthild (hard
tumour in the abdomen), vatasrk (gout), plihan (splenic disorder)
uddvarta (tymphanitis), sula (colic pain), diseases caused by
vdyu, svasa (asthma), granthi (adenitis) and hidhma (hie cup). It
is strength promoting, heavy, hot, sweet and laxative.

9

cftewt^r fqtrw f%sr' T#c*¥t«r3T«r ^pt ii £ h

The oil of the red variety of eranda is exceedingly sharp
and hot. It strongly aggravates pitta and is extremely putrid.

10 11

Kusumbha taila

The oil of kusumbha is hot, pungent in ripaka, heavy and
vidahf (producing burning sensation). It specifically aggra-
vates all the dosas.

Kosdmra taila

The oil of ko'sdmra is laxative. It cures krmi (parasitic
infection), kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy) and
vrana (ulcer).

12

tf^ra^r^fsrenmrrcsFir ^ n xr ii

13

182 Materia Medica

Taila of Danti etc.,

The oils of danti, mulaka, raksoghna, karahja, arista,
sigru, suvarcala, ingudi, pllu, samkhini, mpa, heart wood of
sarala, aguru, devahva and simsapa, tuvara and aruskara are
sharp, pungent and sour. They alleviate pitta and cure arsas
(piles), kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy) and
krmi (parasitic infection). They reduce kapha, semen, fat and
vayu.

14

15

Of these, the oils of karahja and arista are bitter and they
are not very hot. The oil of sarala is astringent, bitter and
pungent and it cleanses ulcer.

16

faiwnsfayss^ atfsrftffaW nun

[«mw5»ny»r: ^pt ?« : \-\\]

Oils of tuvara and aruskara are exceedingly hot, sharp and
pungent. They specifically cure krmi (parasitic infection) and
kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy). They are
emetic and purgative.

SR <5*ftfrTG»Tcft#5T" WT<R*r«r%;?jfgrq<T I

Jyotismati taila

The oil of jyotismati is laxative. It alleviates vata t kapha
and headache.

17

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Toaardnanda 183

18

l

Ta/Za of .d&jtf etc.

The oil of aksa, atimukta, aksofa, nalikela, madhuka,
trapusa, ervdru, kusmanda, tlesmataka and piyala alleviates vayu
and pitta. It promotes good hair and aggravates kapha. It is
heavy and cooling.

19

[m^^srsEnnir :#5roRf ? : ?v?*J

Tflf/o of Snparna & Kimsuka

The oil of sriparria and kimsuka alleviates /wtfa and
fcap/nz. It is dosaghna (correcting morbid factors) and digestive
stimulant. It promotes intellect. It is slightly bitter and
rejuvenating.

iw f^f-ff q-f^iTr^q^jtr qr% i
Tteft^^rfrrTrr^ ?rt=r <r*r. n ^ „

Ttf/Za of Slesmdtaka etc.

The oil of slesmataka, aksa, picwnandaka, kdkini,
kgsmaryaka and haritakl cures premature graying of hair when
used for inhalation. For this purpose, patients should cons-
tantly use cow's milk as their food.

20

184 Materia Medico

w^m%T ^m w&m mfafaxt^z it ^ u

Taila of Yavatikta

The oil of yavatikta is sweet in vipdka and depleting. It
alleviates kapha and vata. It K i*-Utti«nctuous and astringent.
It does not aggravate pitta in excess,

21

7fci7a of Sahakara
The oil of sahakara is bitter, fragrant and an appetiser.

22

23

[ iq t«t wss^tt: ftwwt ? ° : ? £- ^ ? ]

To/fo of other fruits

The oil extracted from other fruits which are described
elsewhere in this text shares the properties of fruits from which
it is extracted.

Taila prepared of Sarjarasa

The oil prepared of sarjarasa cures visphota (pustular
eruptions), vrana (ulcer), kustha (obstinate skin diseases includ-
ing leprosy), pcimd (itching), krmi (parasitic infection) and
diseases caused by vdyu and kapha.

3RT: 5t^5T sftS^T ift^ *Twr 5R: II T*" II

Ayurveda Saukhyath of Todardnanda 185

24
W* <fo*TOT 5f^T SW«rft*MT*HT: »l RX II

Miscellaneous

Vagbhata has stated that the oil shares the properties of
the source plant from which it is extracted. Following this
principle, the properties of the remaining types of oil should be
determined.

^raw-3¥<ft =sr f^irFTr^tsfq- cnfew u *% u

Muscle fat and Bone marrow

Vasa (muscle fat) and majja (bone marrow) alleviate vata
and increase strength, pitta as well as kapha. They share the
properties of the meat of the respective animals. Medas (fat)
has also similar properties.

The vasa (muscle fat) of ulluka, sukara, hamsa, kukkufa,
kumbhira, mahisa, kaka and mrga is the best among their res-
pective groups. The vasa (muscle fat) ofkaranda is not useful.

w«rrg *?5sm 5 grfta* 5 ^3^ 11 *«; 11

The medas (fat) of goat is delicious and that of the ele-
phant is exceedingly useful.

jr*rr w?3 5 sfc^^iTT^Grr f%f?rf?5lcT 11 rs.ii

Property

Both vasa (muscle fat) and majja (bone marrow) are

186 Materia Medica

sweet, nourishing, aphrodisiac and strength promoting. The
potency, viz., hot and cold of vasd and majja should be deter-
mined on the basis of the nature of the animal from which they
are collected.

25

[TTIsra-^oJTirtrr: ^crrf ^\]

Miscellaneous

Boiled ghee loses its potency after one year. But oil
whether boiled or not maintains its potency for ever and there-
fore it is better.

II ^ftr 5Npt»t: 11

Thus ends the group dealing with various types of oils '
etc.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

l. ^f^?^Krer#Tt*rrq^ srcnr ^f?r snwt qrs: i

5. f^^^R#3rFT^fw^"T'Ssrftgr^Tf5r^TiT 5 fa STrsf^ <TT3: I

6. sTFTT^sst^rfq-^^ %fa ^T^\ its: I

7. «*ftftenr^rf%*n^ ^f?r *rra3: qrs: i

8. 3T^^^3RT?rf?«r3c'Tt>^TlX'iITiT f% 3TFf^ TTS: |
9- fqrf^^f #<T «TR»t TT5: I

jo. *r ifir stfj^: tts: i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 187

12* ^ft^^d-T^tq^ sfH 3TFP^ ITS: 1

13. ^^rfqwcr wfar str^tts: i

14. cTFfW ?% fsH^qr cT% TVS: I
15 STK5T ?Pt SIT^t TT^: I

16. fsfr^ sparrfrsw ^ ^-fa q-re: i

18. fq^spyTTT %?& fefffag^cr^' TT5: I

19. «ft"Tifff°Fn5T^t^T^Tr ^fcT STT^ qT3: 1

20. ^T% ^T% f^^sf^ f% ITFF^ <TT3: I

21. sfarK' g-pm^q' i*r %xfk ^>*nT*r i% mwk tts: i

22. rTTf^T ^ ^fcT STT^ 173: I

23. ^Ffte fefafesicr ?f% srra^: qnrs: i

24. *Nf ^TpTW^nFrn fftr 3Jr*^. 7T3: I

CHAPTER 11

1

^TcP^TfT 5^?TT <ffa f%cr^5[?ir«TT II 3 II

[ TTTsr^5S2r>TW: T^TWT ? R : ? - 3 ]

Madya (Alcoholic drinks)

Alcoholic drink {madya) is a digestive stimulant,
appetiser, sharp, usna, refreshing, nourishing, sweet, tikta,
pungent, sour in vipaka and taste, laxative and astringent. It
promotes good voice, health, intuition (pratibha) and comp-
lexion. It is light. It is useful for persons who do not get
sleep and also for persons who get sleep in excess. It vitiates
pitta and blood. It is useful for both emaciated' and corpulent
persons. It is un-unctuous and subtle. It cleanes the channels

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 189

of circulation. It alleviates vayu and kapha. AH the above
mentioned properties are manifested when alcohol is taken only
in appropriate dose. Otherwise it works like a poison.

ssrftre: w*n*mr&i: sTrenftafaf H^P+td-H, uvu

Asava & Arisfa

The alcoholic drink prepared of unboiled drugs and
water is called asava. Arista is prepared of decoctions and the
dose of both the asava and arisfa is one pala (48 ml approx.)-

Arisfa is better than as-ava because the former is light
because of boiling. Their properties are determined on the
basis of the property of drugs used in their preparation.

2

'^rrf^rfe^ft'^Tfefrcf vm grr jt^t i

Surd

The alcoholic drink prepared of the paste of sdli and
sasfika types of rice is called surd.

3

4

S'z/A-a m heavy. It promotes strength, power of retention
(stambha), plumpness, medas (fat) and kapha. It is constipative.
It cures sopha (oedema), gulma (phantom tumour), arsas (piles),
graham (sprue syndrome) and mutrakfcchra (dysuria).

5

3^WT5rrfNfrc£faff?TT «rwft *im n vs i»

8

190 Materia Medico

Varurii

The alcoholic drink prepared of the paste of punarnavd
and Soli is called varuni. It is also prepared of the juice of
tola and kharjura.

[ifTR5r«PW: tffsnwf ?? : RVV*]

Vdruni shares the properties of sura. However, it is light
and it cures pinasa (chronic cold), ddhmdna (flatulence) and
sula (colic pain).

srrr^r^cr^sr: sft^Fit Sv&tit srwresr: iis.ii

Different parts

The upper portion of surd (which is very thin) is called
prasannd. The portion below that which is more dense is called
kddambari. The portion below that is called jagala. The surd
which is at the bottom of the container is called medaka.

wfjfter srrd w. ^wt spar. *r snwsr: i

The fermenting material from where alcohol has been
taken out is called vakkasa. The material that is used for
initiating fermentation of alcoholic drinks is called kinvd. If
kinva is not matured then it is called madhulaka.

Prasannd

Prasannd cures dndha (flatulence), gulma (phantom
tumour), arSas (piles), chardi (vomiting), arocaka (anorexia)
and aggravated vdyu.

<ft^T^Rf?ffa^^nPTr%?fV II \\ II

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 191

Kadambari

Kadambari type of alcoholic drink is a digestive stimulant.
It cures anaha (flatulence), pain in the heart and pelvic region
and colic pain. It is heavy, aphrodisiac, alleviator of vayu and
laxative.

Jagala

Jagala alleviates kapha. It is constipative. It cures dopha
(oedema), arsas (piles) and graharii (sprue syndrome). It is un-
unctuous, hot, carminative and strength promoting. It cures
ksut (morbid hunger), tr§na (morbid thirst) and aruci
(anorexia).

Medaka

Medaka is sweet, strength promoting, stambhana (which
increases the power of retention), cooling and heavy.

8 , 9

Vakkasa

Vakkasa from which alcohol is taken out is constipative
and it aggravates vayu.

Kinvaka

Kinvaka alleviates vayu. It is not good for heart. It
is difficult of digestion and heavy.

192 Materia Medica

10
WV&&; zpW.apr' fFPsf f%CH:fc?T|#?TT I

Madhulaka

Madhulaka aggravates kapha. It is unctuous, constipative
and difficult of digestion.

TTlteTfa: f?f TSf msfar ^PTfaff ^ cT^T II U II
Tt^q- wsr fsr w'lw sw^jt; II \% II

qT^rrrenr^frsff f^wrnT^TTT^TT n ?\3 u

Mardvika

1 he alcoholic drink prepared of grapes is called mardvika
or kapisa. ■ It is the best among the alcoholic drinks It is
unctuous, sweet, laxative, light, appetiser, carminative,
cardiac tonic and nourishing. It promotes strength and semen.
It causes amlapitta (acidity in stomach) and aggravation of
vdyu. It does not cause burning sensation and it alleviates
kapha. It cures pandu (anemia), ksaya (consumption), meha
(obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes), arsas (piles)
and vi§ama jvara (iyegular fever).

[TTsprsKrjpr: Ttm&v ?^ ; \\]

Khar jura madya

"The alcoholic drihk prepared of kharjura is slightly
inferior in quality in comparison to the mardvika type of
alcohic drink. It aggravates vayu and is heavy. It is a cardiac
tonic, astringent, sweet and fragrant. It activates the senses
(indriya bodhana).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todaranancla 19$

11

12

Gauda madya

The alcoholic drink prepared of dhataki, water and guda
is called by physicians "gauda"'. It promotes the power of
digestion, complexion and strength. It is refreshing, pungent,
bitter, nourishing and sweet. It promotes the elimination of
stool, urine and flatus.

Mddhuka madya

1 he alcoholic drink prepared of the flower of madhuka is
called mddhuka. It aggravates vdyu and pitta. It is un-
unctuous.

13 14

15 ° 16

The alcoholic drink prepared of boiled sugar cane juice
is called pakvarasa sidhu. If unboiled sugarcane juice is used
in the preparation, then it is called slta rasa.

17 18

18 80

flfsrrsrirefr — JjfKref: — ^T^WtvTO-^IFr I

Pakvarasa type of ffcftt/ is the better of the two. It
promotes good voice, digestive power, strength and complex-

194 Materia Medica

ion. It aggravates vayu and pitta. It is a cardiac tonic, unctuous
and an appetiser. It cures vibandha (constipation), medas
(adiposity), sopha (oedema), arsas (piles), svasa (asthma), udara
(obstinate abdominal diseases including ascitis) and diseases
caused by kapha.

3XH\< ^% W. #cTW: #%TsPT: ^RT: II ^3' II

iitarasa type of sidku is slightly inferior in quality. It is
known for its depleting action.

WTcT^ft^^: <TT% W*V ff^Errr^R-: II ^RY ||'

[*TT£Rsf5Wir: *!Wr H : ?3]

Ssrkara type of alcoholic drink is sweet, cardiac tonic
and digestive stimulant. It cleanses the urinary bladder and
alleviates vayu. It is sweet in vipaka, appetiser and stimulant
of senses (indriya bodhana).

'^t *rscrmw*cfteifr ^fi'to^ra-feT \'

Madhvasava

Madhvasava in c/ie<# (which takes away tissues by cutting)
and sharp. It cures meha (obstinate urinary disorders including
diabetes), pxnasa (chronic rhinitis) and kasa (bronchitis).

21
«nftW: ^TFf^TEJfr «r?q-; *raTf|^> ^ || ^ ||

22

Akfika
Akfika type of alcoholic drink cures />««<& (anemia). It

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Toaardnanda 195

is a promoter of strength, constipative, light, astringent, sweet
and cooling. It alleviates pitta and promotes blood formation.

23

oHw: afraid Tartar ^farsFfFrewr 11 ?i it'

Jdmbava & Tauvara

Jdmbava type of alcoholic drink helps in the prevention of
excretion (baddha nisyanda).

Tauvara aggravates vayu. It is sharp, astringent and
intoxicating. It -cures durnama (piles), aggravated kapha and
gulma (phantom tumour).

'fHf^r? yoircf^rFirFr ^wq^rrcrsrR i'
'^f^rsprcftsRt triTFr a^rifa -=tir<3lri i

24

Miscellaneous

Many other types of alcoholic drinks viz., asavas, ari^fas
and sidhus are prepared from rhizomes, roots and fruits of
different plants. Their properties should be determined by an
expert physician on the basis of the properties of their
ingredients and the pharmaceutical processes followed in their
preparation.

O ^- *\

The alcoholic drink prepared from pippali etc., cures
gulma (phantom tumour) and diseases caused by kapha.

In a separate section on the "treatment of diseases"

196 Materia Medica

aritfas which cure different ailments will be described.

25

sq^f f%"f ^T^V j^sf PPfTC «J5 II R5. II

Fresh and Preserved wines

Freshly prepared alcoholic drinks are abhisyandi (which
obstructs channels of circulation). It alleviates all the three
do§as and is a laxative. It is not a cardiac tonic and is not
tasteful (yirasa). It causes burning sensation and produces
putrid smell. It is visada (non-slimy) and heavy.

The same alcoholic drink, when preserved for a long time
and used, is relishing. It cures krmi (parasitic infection) and
aggravation of kapha as well as vayu. It is cardiac tonic,
fragrant, endowed with good qualities and light. It cleanses
the channels of circulation.

Good and bad quality

The alcoholic drink in which five tastes are manifested,
which is pure and which is endowed with good smell is of a
good quality.

sn^tf firerf| ftffrer fro faftpsf sfpr; \\\\w

The alcoholic drink which causes burning sensation,
which is putrid in smell, which is of bad taste, which contains
krmis (maggots) and which is thick should be rejected.

26

<rw% f^^r^rffur fast ^ gr^t **<*: n ^ u

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 197

Action on different types of individuals

Alcoholic drink makes a person of sattvika type to sing
and laugh. In a rajasika type of person it promotes strength.
In tamasika type of persons it produces despisable acts and they
get sleep after taking alcoholic drinks.

f=rfsFTT »rmT ^ fffiy^rcra^ i

27

sr^sst m fq%ro mv w\*tfmH*r n 33 11

Proper method of drinking

An alcoholic drink, taken according to the prescribed
procedure, in proper doses, at the proper time, along with
wholesome food, according to the capacity of the individual
and in an exhilerating mood produces effects like ambrosia.

fip§ to Fron%*r znfar^f ?m s^ft i

[ycmxwvc *r«rFnPT R%: 3^-3=;]

By nature, an alcoholic drink is like a food. When used
inappropriately, it causes diseases and in appropriate circumst-
ances it works like ambrosia.

5TTWT: STsr*raTRT*f ^^517 fas?c3T3R i

Food, when taken appropriately, gives life and it takes
away life when used inappropriately. A poison normally kills
a person but when taken appropriately it works as a rejuvena-
ting drug.

11 sf?r TO^nt. II
Thus ends the group dealing with alcoholic drinks.

198 Materia Medica

J . T*V sf<T STRSFjf^spTf TO: 1

2. *yu ifir m^ - to: i

4. sft^inwkgwt^f ^5cr i% sn^: to: i

5. 3^T5nMqfefa%rT «n^ift *^rr 5% aiwt to: i

6. Wff ^^rTR^T^^qi- STSfa 3T5*jft f% 5TT^ TO: I

7. iftw ?T*f SfFT ifa ^^ TO: I

8. ^^?ft WfFT fScfte"J^% TO: 1
9- ^T?TW^T: sf?T fecftWi=T% TO: I

10- fe^frH^TfpFij; iffT ^^3^9% TO: I
11. ^^^^^frfte> sfcT <TCS3?cr% TO: I
32. *W*rfacft S% q^3??r% TO: i

13. 7*ft sftr regai* m: 1

14. to: ifr arwffsfewi^ TO: I

15. *r: ?ft^: ^fcT 3TRr^ tts: i

16. sfttPtfff: ^cf: Sfaf WT^t TO: 1

17. arTfrfirrFFT: *rs: F^ft ^Rt ^?T 5% arret TO: I

18. HjffT ^PT ^r? lf?T q - cS3??T% TO: 1

19. fasF^Si ^f?r mwk to: I

20. siWte?^T*mH f f?T «TR$ TO: I
21- SHSTsp: ffcT STT<*T TO: I

22. fa?P^S*psraT*T: % % *TPP^ TO: I

23. srefHsT^SgS^ ff?T mt to: I

24. srrar *nF*rc*i%OT 1% vmek to: i

25. ?Tf^ ?fcT ^53^% qrs; ,

26. TfelTSS^ lf?T 3TT^ TO: I

27. *R*T ?TT3[^cf ^*TT ^% 3TRJ^ TO: 1

CHAPTER 12

Sukta (Vinegar)

The potion prepared by adding rhizomes, roots and
fruits along with fat and salt in water (lit. liquid) is called sukta.

1 2

SfcT ^m^ "TFi"!T>rfrf*Tj?T *rsr n ? n

-» w v* ^

3

It produces raktapitta (a disease characterised by bleeding
from different parts of the bod>). It causes chedana (which
takes away tissues by cutting). It helps in the digestion of
food. It is purgative and depleting. It cures' pandu (anemia)
and ki.mi (parasitic infection). It is light, sharp, hot, diuretic,
cardiac tonic, alleviator of kapha and pungent m vipdka.

4

200 Materia Medica

When prepared by the process of fermentation (asuta),
it also produces the same effect. It, however, becomes a good
appetiser.

5

Kdnjika

The potion prepared by fermenting dhanya manda etc., is
called kafijika.

[ iTT^sr^T^r: ?r?snT^r't ^ \ ■ \ - r ]

It is purgative, sharp, hot, appetiser, carminative and
light. When applied externally, it cures daha (burning
syndrome) and fever. When taken internally, it alleviates vdyu
and kapha.

6

'gtft<5*B Jpr^f: *rqq- sjwr?^ I! K ll '

Tusodaka is prepared by the coarse powder of yava along
with its husk and some other drugs.

7

KYsiift'sof TRvf f^R^if^^f^ u =; n

It is a digestive stimulant and a cardiac tonic. It cures
pandu (anemia) and kjmi (parasitic infection). It is sharp, hot
and carminative. It vitiates pitta and blood and cures pain in
the urinary bladder,

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 201

*fafk" 5 TfTPT: cppNf fa^Jjfc fTrTJT I

8 9

Sauvira

Sauvira is prepared of dehusked yava — either unboiled or
boiled. In some places sauvira is also prepared of godhuma.

10

s'Hfa^ g^<iW:sFl7sf 5rf% ^Vq^riT I

[ ^ ] ^r^^Tt^TT^? f**T5fct H «^ *T«I% II c II

Sauviraka cures graham (sprue syndrome), arias (piles)
and aggravation of kapha. It is purgative and digestive. It is
useful in udavarta (flatulence), a/z#a marda (malaise), asthi sula
(pain in bones) and Snaha (tymphanitis).

11

Aranala

Aranala is prepared of godhuma and it shares all the pro-
perties of sauviraka.

12 13

Dhanyamla is prepared of the powder of salt, kodrava etc.
It is useful in anorexia and diseases caused by vdyu. It is use-
ful in asthapana type of enema for all patients. It is satmya
(wholesome) for persons residing on the sea coast.

14

202 Materia Medica

?rr 5 ?m%xt areefjr xrwfr tffR qx*r i

SdnddkT

The potion prepared by the fermentation of the leaves of
mulaka is called sdnddki. It is purgative. The sdnddki pre-
pared of the vataka of mudga etc., is superior in quality. It
alleviates vdyu. It is light, appetiser and carminative par
excellence. It cures sula (colic pain), ajiriia (indigestion),
vibandha (constipation) and ama. It cleanses the urinary
bladder.

15

16

stm^^t' ^ faSHwtTiwra^ u \\ ii'

['mr^?piw: ^rfs^r^cnf ? 3 : ? ? ]

Special preparation of Kanjika

The potion prepared of kanjika mixed with drdraka and
salt is carminative, digestive stimulant and light. It alleviates
vdyu and A-op/ra. It is an appetiser. It specifically alleviates
amavdta (rheumatism).

Thus ends the group dealing with various types of
vinegar.

NOTES AND BEFERENCES

l. ^tw ^fcr sn^r «rrs: i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 203

4. gf^rerecT: ^h fs?fVT5?cf% <tts: i

5. spTf^spfJ T'*q% ifar ?rr^: qrc: i

9. %f%f f^Pf ^ffT 5RTT^T <TT3: I

10. fft^fVT" wf?r stfp^: tts: t

13. ■*t%cr ^% «n+1 TT5: i

14. *TW^*s©«!'sNl% ^f?T ^^S5^?T% TTS: 1

15. ^nfs^^Tsf* ^f?T f^cfV^^ TTS: 1

16. ^fa^fr ^ «TC53*<t% ra:

CHAPTER 13

Mutra (Urine)

Variety

The urine of cow, goat, sheep, buffalo, elephant, horse,
camel and donkey is commonly used in medicine.

Tr?iTT5f%fW^^WfC5TOf% ; 3I% :: ^W II ^ II

General Property

Urine aggravates pitta. It is sharp, un-unctuous, hot,
saline in anurasa (subsidiary taste) and pungent. It cures krmi
(parasitic infection), sopha (oedema), udara (obstinate abdo-
minal diseases including ascitis), anaha (flatulence), sula (colic
pain), aggravation of kapha as well as vayu, gulma (phantom
tumour), aruci (anorexia), visa (poisoning), svitra (leucoderma)
and kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy). It is
light.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 205

2

Cow's urine

Cow's urine is light, sharp, hot and alkaline. Therefore,
it does not aggravate vayu. It is light, digestive stimulant,
promoter of intellect, aggravator of pitta and alleviator of
kapha as well as vayu.

3

4

«\ « C\ "V

In diseases which are amenable to urine like Mia (colic
pain), gutma (phantom tumour), udara (obstinate abdominal
diseases including ascitis) and anaha (flatulence) and for the
purpose of purgation therapy and asthdpana therapy cow's
urine should be used.

5
6

bht ^sfrraraesp fnsitapnf^rns^ u * it

Goat's urine

The urine of goat cures kasa (bronchitis), Svasa (asthma),
sopha (oedema), kamala (jaundice) and pdndu (anemia). It is
ununctuous, hot and pungent. It also cures nddivrana (sinus)
and visa (poisoning).

7

Sheep's urine

The urine of sheep cures plihan (splenic disorder), udara
(obstinate abdominal disorders including ascitis), Svasa

206 Materia Medica

(asthma), kasa (bronchitis), sopha (oedema) and varcograha
(retention of stool). It is alkaline, bitter, pungent and hot. It
alleviates vayu.

8

9

Buffalo's urine

The urine of buffalo is useful in durnama (piles), udara
(obstinate abdominal diseases including ascitis), sula (colic
pain), kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy), meha
(obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes), viiuddhi (eli-
mination therapy), aiidha (tymphanitis), sotha (oedema), gulma
(phantom tumour) and pdpdu (anemia).

Elephant's urine

The urine of elephant is bitter, saline and purgative. It
alleviates vayu and aggravates pitta. It is sharp and alkaline.
It is useful in kilasa (a type of leucoderma).

10

ifcft ^e ^tetrftruf ^TfR-^frf^ ^RgcT II 5 II
11 12 13

Urine of Horse

The urine of horse is a digestive stimulant, pungent,
sharp and hot. It cures diseases caused by aggravation of vayu
and of the mind. It alleviates kapha and cures kr mi (parasitic -
infection) and dadru (ring worm).

Camel's urine

The urine of camel cures kustha obstinate skin

Ayurveda Saukhyarit of Todarananda 20?

diseases including leprosy), udara (obstinate abdominal diseases
including ascitis), immada (insanity), arsas (piles) and krmi
(parasitic infection). It alleviates vayu.

Urine of donkey

The urine of donkey cures gara (poisoning) and
cetovikara (mental disease). It is sharp. It cures jafhara (obsti-
nate abdominal diseases including ascitis). It is a digestive
stimulant. It also cures krmi (parasitic infection). It alleviates
vayu and kapha.

15 16

Stool

The stool of these animals is astringent and bitter. It
alleviates hikka (hiccup), svasa (asthma), vitiation of pitta and
blood and krmi (parasitic infection). It is appetiser and it
alleviates kapha and vayu.

Human urine

The urine of human beings cures gara (poisoning). It is
rejuvenating. It alleviates vitiation of blood and pama (itching).
It is sharp, alkaline and saline.

17

18

208 Materia Medica

Male and Female urine

The urine of females of cattle, goat,* sheep and buffalo is
more useful On the other hand, the urine of the males of
donkey, camel, elephant, human being and horse is known to
be useful.

?^!*sr*ftTfc*TO^w^ *r?ft T5r: i

In classics like Caraka, this distinction between male and
female urine has not been made. Therefore, in actual practice
urine of either the male or female animal can be used. How-
ever, the urine of female animal is more useful.

Thus ends the group dealing with various types of urine.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

i. 'ftsrrf^rafatfi inn i'^^«pRt^nr^ sftr vmK its: i

2. WS f% mwt TT5: I

7. C5ft^5<jwm + i^n«r^hi| f% irr^: to: i

8 fj*5%f fwfej ff% ?TT^ TT3: I

10. ^mfr^rfw^K^r fftr mwk tts: i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 209

12. -m ^fcT m*k TTS: l

13. frfTT^f^rrsFnr; ffa- tcs<i^% qrs: i

14. ^T^TfTf^TqrfiT ff?T mwk TT5: J

15. f^«nWW5T" ¥fcT 3TT^" 1*5: i

16. ?rfrcr ^% fecfta'i*^ tts: i

17- T>s^rsf%^r^«!i ^% *rr^ <TT5: i
18. **r?r*r ?f% w^ qrs. r

CHAPTER 14

'<trW sr^rspf ?*w%x.' ^asfflrmn? ^?t i

1

3ftcf ^ ^^cflM ? T^riTFrt ^frr^if wf%f ^r n ^ u
Water

General properties

Water removes physical and mental fatigue, murcha
(fainting), thirst, tandra (drowsiness) and svapna (sleep). It
promotes strength. It is life giving, refreshing and caradiac
tonic. It has unmanifested tastes. It cures indigestion. It is
wholesome par excellence. It is cooling, light and like ambrosia.
It helps in the manifestation of all tastes. It cures chardi
(vomiting).

"TFfte jr*pr sffai f*«i *frfrfir% fesrr i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 21 1

Varieties

Water is first classified into two categories viz., divya
(which falls from the sky) and bhauma (which is available on
the earth).

f^an* f^rOr^^r sftspf ?t<ft ^ u 3 11

The former type of water has no manifested taste. It is
life-giving, refreshing, light and rejuvenating. It cures tffd
(morbid thirst), murchd (fainting), tandra (drowsiness), daha
(burning syndrome) and klama (mental fatigue). It is saumya
(cooling) and carminative. It promotes strength and cures mada
(intoxication), nidrd (excessive sleep) and vitiation of all the
three do§as. It gives consolation and happiness. It removes
physical fatigue and promotes intellect.

*rcrm wrwTanw afar* 1**%* w 11 x 11

2

Classification of divya type of water

Divya type of water is of four types viz., dhdraja,
karakdjdta, tausdra and haima. Of them, dhdrdja is the best.

q-facf *m ^m^rcrercfaffT ^rfacPT 11 ^ 11

ImfSTTT'f ^f fR'T f%^f TR^T II V3 II

s 4

*r*t ?n^i%ffsf TH?r[5r]f5r [*r]gf% 1

212 Materia Medica

Dharaja water

The water that falls from the sky is called dharaja. It
should be collected on a clean roof made of stones or through
a piece of cloth and collected in vessels of gold and stone. It
should be used before it gets spoiled. The rain water which is
collected before it falls on the earth is called divya. Dhara type
of divya water alleviates vayu, pitta and kapha and it is light.

srrc' ^Tft fssrr sfjf *ri*rcrwsrt^: i

Variety

The dhara type of water is of two type viz., ganga (which
is derived from the river (?) Ganges and samudra (which is
derived from the sea).

5

'mwrvmm w^ ztvmvzm fe**m: iis.ii

According to the saints, diggajas (elephant guiding differ-
ent directions as described in the epic) collect water from
akdsa ganga (the ganga river in the sky as described in the
epic) and release it on the earth in the form of rain through the
cloud.

6
7 8

The ganga water which rains from the clouds in the
month of alvina (September-October) is always useful for
drinking. This is described in Caraka sarhhitd.

9

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 213

If this ganga type of water is collected in a vessel of gold,
silver or stone and salt rice is kept in it soaked then this rice
does not deteriorate (aklcdi) and it retains its colour for a long
time. This is the characteristic feature of ganga type of water.
In sdmudra type of water this Mi rice deteriorates.

10

The samudra type of water which rains in the month of
asvina (September-October) shares all the properties of the
ganga type of water.

'^r^Rf^TWT^T ^TPTFTf szft^T^JTW II ^ II

11

5nTT## JT^p^cT flf* ^rPrsp-rffj JT=T II ?V II

frfNretrnr wstqt %fe?TT 7f^f%?r*r i
Poisonous Water

The nagas (snakes as described in the epic) moving in the
sky emit (phutkara) poisonous air which impregnates the rain
water and such rain falls take place from clouds unseasonally
i.e. during months other than asvina (Se ptember and October).
This type of water aggravates all the three dosas in living
creatures.

12

13

Karakajata (Water from hail stone)

The divya type of water gets condensed because of the
impact of wind and heat (agtii) and falls from the sky in the
form of pieces of stone. This is called karakajata water which
i? like ambrosia-

214 Materia Medica

14
T5

This type of water is un-unctuous, non slimy (yisada),
heavy and sthira (stable). It is penetrating (darana), cooling and
dense. It alleviates pitta and aggravates kapha as well as vdta.

16 17 18

19 20

spr^n srrfiRt srrzft w^iirr 3 ?tt f^crr: u\*\\

Tausara (Water from dew & frost)

The water on the sea coast gets impregnated with heat
(vahni). It is free from portions of smoke and is called tusdra.
It is generally unwholesome for living creatures but it is useful
for plants.

21

22

Tausara types of water aggravates voyu. It is cooling,
un-unctuous and dense. It does not aggravate pitta. It cures "
ailments like aggravation of kapha, urustambha ,(a disease
characterised by immobility of thigh), kusfha (obstinate skin
diseases including leprosy), agni (digestive power), medas
(adiposity) and garida (goitre).

Haima (Water from snow)

When the snow (himd) collected on the top of hills melts
and this water comes through rain fall, it is called haima water,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 215

23

This water is heavier and cooling. It alleviates pitta and
aggravates vdyu.

24

c\ « v r "n

25
4«MT'ftrm^HHri' ^fesrfiTfrT 3?tef?f ^frfa: 1 1 ? ? 1 1

Another view

The sea water being impelled by heat (aaala) and smoke
gets condensed (solidified). It is carried by the wind to the
north which is called hima (snow) by sages.

26

This snow (hima) water is cooling, ununctuous, darana
(which causes excission) and subtle. It does not vitiate either
kapha or pitta or vdyu.

27

Thus, there are two types of haima water.

28
3TST ?lW 3FT srsq 1 JT«IT ^TTirT^fTW II R3 II

Bhauma (Water on earth)

Depending upon the attributes of the land, the bhauma

216 Materia Medica

type of water is first classified into three types viz., anupa,
jangala and sadharana.

srf^Tcr^^fsrcm ffcr ¥tf%<r: it R* n

sr5q*tef?: **c«PJ«r: STPr: ft r) 1^1 ITT: I

fat*ft ^rrs^reft ^mn^f sn-errrT: <tt: i i ^ \ 1 1

The area which contains a lot of water, which is surroun-
ded by many trees and where many diseases caused by vayu
and kapha are manifested is called anupa (marshy land). The
land which has less of water and fewer trees and where diseases
of pitta and blood occur is called jangala (arid land). The land
which is in between these two categories is called sadharana
(moderate land).

Cv *v C\ > A »\

The water found in marshy areas is called anupa, that of
arid areas is called jangala and that of the moderate type of
land is called sadharana.

'3TFTT Wpffrsiff;^ *WTffcTTsf rT^T *T^ I
30

'*rmrcw g t^t" str? srtavf spt i

31 *

mw sftf%5R«fT <rOTrrsf ^Tf^tq-^ II R£. ||'

Attributes

The anupa type of wafer reduces the power of digestion

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 217

and aggravates kapha. It is despisable. It causes many dis-
eases. The jangala ty^ of water has properties which are just
opposite to anupa type. The sadharana type of water is sweet,
digestive stimulant, cooling, light and refreshing. It producess
the feeling of comfort and cures trsfid (morbid thirst) and daha
(burning syndrome).

Another Classification

The bhauma type of water is also classified in a different
way like nadeya (which is derived from nadi or river) etc.
Their characteristics and properties will now be described.

River Water

The water of a nadi (small river) or nada (big river) is
called nadeya.

32°

This is ununctuous, aggravator of. vdyu, light, digestive
stimulant, anabhisyandi (which does not obstruct the channels of
circulation), visada (non-slimy) and pungent. It alleviates
kapha and pitta.

All rivers which have a strong flow carry pure water. The
water of the river which flows very slowly, is heavy. It is cove-
red with moss etc. and its water is not pure.

218 Materia Medica

35% IJiTO^r *WT* ^m^ai OT^cf || 33 ||

Other Varieties

The good and bad qualities of the water of rivers, lakes,
ponds, wells and springs should be determined on the basis of
the attributes of the land in which they are situated.

33

Audbhida (Water coming out from earth)

The water which comes out in a strong current by penet-
rating the low lying land is called audbhida by ancient
physicians.

The audbhida type of water alleviates pitta. It does not
produce burning sensation. It is exceedingly cold, refreshing,
sweet and strength promoting. It is a mild aggravator of vayu
and is light.

34
35

?TFT srcrctT =5(Tfq" cT35TW #?frr T#cT II \\ II

Nirjhara (Water from Spring)

The water that flows from the peak of the mountain is
called nirjhara. The water of the spring that is found in the
peak is also called nirjhara.

36

The water of nirjhara is appetiser, alleviator of kapha,
digestive stimulant, light, sweet in taste and pungent in vipaka.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda ,219

It aggravates vayu and excessively aggravates pitta.

Sdrasa (Water of pond)

The water that flows down from the big mountain and
gets accumulated in the valley is called sdrasa. It is covered with
kumuda and padma.

37

The sdrasa type of water is strength promoting, alleviator
of trsnd (morbid thirst), sweet, light, astringent, appetiser and
un-unctuous. It causes retention of urine and stool. It is
pure.

areq wz: 15W*!" Pim 5rfeFT*t' vwt i

Pdlvala (Water of small pond)

A small pond is called pahala. During the southern
solstice when the sun moves towards a southernly direction,
these small ponds get dried. The water of these small ponds is
called pdlvala.

This water is abhisyandi (which obstructs the chennels of
circulation), heavy and sweet. It aggravates all the three dosas.

srer?cnrf*rffrosr #frsrecsmfq-?nT i

TfHffT: few cTrfrsf frrmfafrr ^rfffcfT II V% 11

220 Materia Medica

Tadaga (Water from lake)

The water that gets accumulated for many years in a plain
land is called tadaga by the sages.

39

The water of tadaga is sweet and astringent in taste and
pungent in vipdka. It aggravates vayu. It causes retention of
stool and urine. It alleviates vitiation of blood, pitta and kapha.

forenfcfrrcsrafr w. *nfr«r? ^nfT^i^fir i

S» S3

Caunda water

The receptacle of water dug in the earth of the size of a
vapi (big well) which has no boundary wall of stone and which
has a staircase to go down is called cunda. Its water is
called caunda.

40

TSR: fa^sT^ Tr*pf fWf TcTT II ~*V II

This water stimulates digestion. It is ununctuous,
alleviator of kapha, light, sweet, alleviator of pitta, appetiser,
carminative and visada (non slimy).

F<zpF water

The water reservoir which is like a well, which has a
boundary wall of stone or brick and which has a staircase to
go down, is called vapi.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 221

?r^r qfe fa-s^ pjtttt^t PiTrrf^TFr^r n vs n

The water of the vapl is alkaline. It aggravates pitta and
alleviates vayu as well as kapha. If this water is sweet in taste
then it alleviates pitta and vayu.

^fft ^tcfrs?qrf^5Rrrft nr«Jk "it 1^*1^1 i

m Kupa water

The water reservoir prepared by digging earth which has
no wide opening but which is very deep and which has a
boundary wall of bricks is called kupa (well).

If the water of this, well is sweet m taste, then it alleviates
all the three dosas. It is wholesome and light. If the taste of
this water is alkaline, then it alleviates kapha and vayu. It is a
digestive stimulant and it aggravates pitta.

Vikira water

The water that is taken out by digging small hole in
the sandy river bed is called vikira.

ftfrpc mtm ^=515 fasfa ^ ^r ^aw i

This water is cooling, pure, free from defects and light.

222 Materia Medica

If it is either astringent or sweet then it alleviates pitta. If it is
alkaline then it slightly aggravates pitta.

42 43

Kedara water

Keddra means a field. The water of the field is called
kaidara.

This water is abhisyandi (which obstructs the channels of
circulation), sweet and heavy. It aggravates dosas.

44

Rain water

The rain water which is collected from the ground on the
same day is unwholesome. If it remains on the ground for
three nights then it becomes clear and acts like ambrosia.

45 46

47

4<S

ht^q ^xfx ^fkq ar?r-ar?ft'^rsrW*4':' ti xy n

49
50

Ayurveda Saukhyarhof Todardnanda 223

Water in different seasons

In the hematite (early winter) and sisira (later part of
winter) seasons the water of saras (big pond) and tad&ga (small
pond) is useful. In spring and summer the water of a well,
vdpi (big well) and mrjhara (spring) is useful. In the spring and
summer seasons, river water should not be used because it gets
polluted by poisonous leaves, flowers etc., and also by the
polluted springs. During the rainy season, audbhida type of
water (that comes out by piercing the earth) and the water that
is collected directly from the sky (antariksd) is useful. During
autumn, river water and amsudaka (described below) are useful.

51

w^f TsnraFf %^r sffa &\ gerTsnrsr it kw u

Amiudaka

The water which is exposed to the sun's rays during the
day time and the moon's rays during the night time is called
amiudaka.

It is unctuous. It alleviates all the dosas. It is
anabhisyandi (which does not obstruct the channels of circu-
lation) and free from defects. It is like dntariksa jala (water
collected directly from the sky). It is strength promoting,
rejuvenating, intellect promoting, cold and light. It is like
ambrosia.

spiresr

52

Another view

The clean water of autumn which is impregnated with the
rays of agastya (star canopus) is always useful.

224 Materia Medica

<ffa wife ffffarsf *rrt ?rer swronspr i

•a -\

53 54

55

56

iflfnf =pfa to: «jre?RTft^ ^Vs^w ^ i

57

^Tf%% ttw*<? =? TsftTT^' spsn=q% ii ^o n

Water in different months according to Vrddha Susruta

In the month of pausa (December- January) the water of
saras (big pond) is useful. In the month of magha (January-
February) the water of taddga (small pond) is useful. In
phalguna (February — March) well water is useful. In caitra
(March —April) the water of caundya (a big well without a
boundary wall) is useful. In vaisakha (April — May) spring
water is useful. In jyestha (May — June) audbhida (the water
that comes out penetrating the earth) is useful. Well-water is
useful in asadha (June — July) and the water collected directly
from the sky (divya) is useful in sravaria (July — August). In
bhadrapada (August — September) well-water is useful and in
asvina (September — October) the water of cunda (big well with-
out any border wall) is useful. In kartika (October — November)
and mdrgasir$a (November — December) all types of water are
useful.

58 59

3ft?n?f ftpf*rc# "* *M-kM TTt Tirr: II ^? II

Time of Collection

All types of water available on the ground should be
collected in the early morning because during this time they are
extremely cold and clean.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 225

60
61

Mode of intake

Taking water in excess or not taking any water — both
affect the process of digestion of food. Therefore, with a view
to promoting the power of digestion, a person should take
water in small quantities very frequently.

[irrsrcfSoZFiTur: sftacrq- i% : ^?]
Candrakdnta water

The water collected by moon stone (candrakanta) is un-
unctuous. It cures visa (poisoning), aggravation of pitta and
jvara (fever).

Sea-water

The water of the sea is visra (foul smelling) and saline. It
aggravates all the dosas.

62

5T?r: qTqTOfaf^^frr^^>S33T: I

63

irsrsrmsRf *rppr diHIHWfts^TPT*? II ^v II
River water

The rivers which pass in a strong current through stones
and those whose source is in the Malaya mountain — their water
is like ambrosia.

trnK'HiPTffirT ^n^r q«rre3T fM*fte*r: i

64

smft ^r^T <rrs*ff vm q^nprr. n \%. w

226 Materia Medica

65

qrfw^sreT Tffwz f^r«jRrir*RT^ tt: i

The rivers which flow towards the west generally carry
clean water. Those flowing towards the sea of the east are
generally of slow current and their water is heavy. Rivers
originating from Parijatra, Vindhya and Sahya mountains carry
water which causes §iraroga (diseases of head), hrdroga (diseases
of heart), kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy)
and sllpada (filariasis).

66 67

q^cftofr srgTfT *r*r fhre^r ^ ii *& n

[ msressiFTw. eft^M' ? K ? g-r 3 ]

The water at the top of a mountain which is exposed to
the rays of the sun and the moon, and strong currents of wind
is like ambrosia (lit. suitable for Indra).

^rqiffcSR^ts' zpvjF fsrqTfacfjr u ^ ii
jfrs^TT|^ ^erfg fqrtsifT ?ra- ^rs^r i

Polluted water

The water which is mixed with the urine, stool, egg or
embryo of insects, grass, leaves and poisons, and which is
freshly collected on the ground should not be used either for
a bath or for drinking. By doing so, the person falls a victim
to a number of diseases — both external and internal. There is
no doubt about it.

68

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Tofarananda 111

^ snt fef<^s:% ?m% twzlX: cr«rr i

Cold water

Cold water is useful in mureha (fainting), vitiation of pitta,
usmd (excessive hot feeling), daha (burning syndrome), vi?a
(poisoning), vitiation of blood, madatyaya (alcoholism), bhrama
(giddiness), srama (physical fatigue), after digestion of food, in
tamaka (asthma), vami (vomiting) and in urdhvaga rakta pitta
(bleeding through various orifices in the head).

ww* srfireq'TJr ?T^xft irrtI i

70
71

Prohibition

Cold water should not be used in pdriva Mia (pain in the
sides of the chest), pratisyaya (cold), disea^ses of vayu, gala graha
(obstruction in the throat), adhmdna (flatulence), stimita kotfha
(absence of peristaltic movement in the intestine), sadya duddhi
(immediately after the purification therapy), nam para
(beginning stage of fever), aruei (anorexia), grahatfi (sprue
syndrome), gulma (phantom tumour), svdsa (asthma), kasa
(bronchitis), vidradhi (abscess), hikka (hiccup) and snehapana
(immediately after oleation therapy).

72
73

74

In arocaka (anorexia), pratiSyaya (cold), praseka (saliva-

228 Materia Medica

tion), svayathu (oedema), ksaya (consumption), agnimandya
(indigestion), udara (obstinate abdominal diseases including
ascitis), kusfha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy), para
(fever), netramaya (eye disease), vrana (ulcer) and madhumeha
(diabetes mellitus) one should take less quantity of water.

75 76

[*H'4M+l*r: 3rfr3PT ?3 : vao-^Y]

77 78

3TcT: *prf?«PnFTR| T wPreTfr IT^ II U* ll'

Water is the life of all living creatures and the entire
world is pervaded by water. Therefore, when a person is extre-
mely thirsty then giving water is not prohibited. If water is
not given, then the thirsty person becomes unconscious and
succumbs to death. Therefore in all circumstances water is
never prohibited.

78 80

'q&ffVBFWT f#T f%:>Wf fr*fvf 1%cT l'

Boiled water

The water which is boiled and when the boiling is over
and the foam subsides, it is cleaned, then it alleviates all the
do§as. It is digestive stimulant, carminative and light.

81

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 229

When it is reduced to three-fourth after boiling, it
alleviates vdyu. When it is reduced to half by boiling, it
alleviates pitta. When it is reduced to one-fourth after boiling,
it alleviates kapha and it becomes constipative, digestive
stimulant and light.

82

[WTsrarsnRT'T'ir: <fftr<pt U : v?]

S3

Hot water

The water which is reduced to half after boiling and
which is hot is called usnodaka. This hot water is always whole-
some and it cures svdsa (asthma), kasa (bronchitis), para (fever),
aggravation of kapha and vdyu, dma and aggravation of pitta.
It cleanses the urinary bladder and gets detached the adhered
kapha. It helps in the elimination of vdyu. When hot water
is taken at night, it removes indigestion.

"TR^Ttf 5 cTrftef SN<VUIM ^^ I
84

y Oft V* % *

Arogydrhbu

When the water is boiled and reduced to one-fourth, it is
called drogydriibu (healthy water). It is always wholesome. It
cures svdsa (asthma), kasa (bronchitis) and aggravation of
kapha. It instantaneously reduces fever. It is purgative, digestive

230 Materia Medico

stimulant, carminative and light. It cures anaha (flatulence),
paniu (anemia), sula (colic pain), arsas (piles), gulma (phantom
tumour), sotha (oedema) and udara (obstinate abdominal
diseases including ascitis).

85

•4, "~ ^ **

t

When the arogyambu is hot, it stimulates digestive power.
It is extremely light. It cleanses the urinary bladder. It cures
parsvaruk (pain in the sides of the chest), adhmana (flatulence),
hikka (hiccup) and aggravation of vayu and kapha. It is useful
in tr§a (morbid thirst), ama, Mia (colic pain), asuddhi (when
the purificatory therapy has not acted properly) and nova jvara
(beginning stage of fever).

^ra^RfTTTT^F — ^^TSrfeq'Tfa'J U ^ II

c. •&

86
87

[«nsr?rcwr»rwr: *?&m% ?k : 33-3^ J

When the arogyambu becomes cold, it is called srta sita.
This cold water is useful in daha (burning syndrome), atisara
(diarrhoea), vitiation of pitta and blood, murccha (fainting),
madya (alcoholism), visa (poisoning), diseases caused by kapha
and vayu, tr?na (morbid thirst), chardi (vomiting), bhrama
(giddiness), diseases caused by excessive intake of alcohol,
excessive vitiation of pitta and sannipata (when all the three
dosas are vitiated simultaneously).

88

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 231

The boiled water which is cooled along with its steam
alleviates all the three dosas. It is not un-unctuous and it
does not obstruct the channels of circulation. It cures krmi
(parasitic infection), trf (morbid thirst) and jvara (fever). It is

light.

When the boiled water is cooled by pouring over another
container, it becomes constipative and difficult of digestion
because during this process the water conies in contact with a
lot of air.

'fe3T*pf 5 irerW Tprt ere *iw ?nr<r i

89

[m^^srsT'TW: ?frirw# ?* : yy]

If the water is boiled during the day time and kept over-
night, it becomes heavy. Similarly, if water is boiled at night
and kept till the day time, then it becomes heavy.

TFfnf T n ^Fffa TFTV^JTST^rsr I

srsfW ^facf ^n% t^ ^ft^ ^ ^"fFfT ii <5\s u

Water of another place should not be taken when there
is indigestion and formation of ama. It should be taken only
when it is properly boiled and not otherwise.

90

T-tRfT^fTq-FrTW ?rTfe%^-^ tk i

Coconut water

The water of tender coconuts is unctuous, delicious, cool-
ing, cardiac tonic and digestive stimulant. It cleanses the
urinary bladder and cures raktapitta (a disease characterised
by bleeding from different parts of the body) and pipasd

232 Materia Medica

(morbid thirst). It is heavy.

The water of the matured coconut causes wind formation
in stomach. It is heavy and it aggravates pitta.

Time of taking water

Water taken before eating food causes kasa (bronchitis)
and agnimandya (suppression of the power of digestion). When
it is taken during the process of eating, it stimulates the power
of digestion. If, however, it is taken after the completion of
the process of eating, then it causes sthaulya (adiposity).

snjcf ^frsprr^f 5 tft^Rfafr <rf5*nr u 5.0 11

If there is indigestion water works as a medicine. When
there is proper digestion, intake of water promotes strength.
When taken in the middle of a meal it works like ambrosia and
when taken after a meal, water works like a poison.

91

cJFnrTfr ^flff^WTTq- *rjf tffsrffT ftt^fc ll€.?ll"

If water is taken in excess or if water is not taken at all,
then it hampers the process of digestion. Therefore with a
view to promoting the power of digestion, a person should take
small quantities of water very frequently.

3TW 5qr<T~f [ctcT] ff Sl^PT II ^ U

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 233

Water pollution

Polluted water should not be used.

92

The signs and symptoms of polluted water are as below :

The water which is mixed with mud, moss, grass, lotus
leaf etc., which is not exposed to the rays of the sun and the
moon and wind and which has manifested smell, colour and
taste, is called polluted.

sFTfcfcr ^TfSrsprrfq 5r«r*f ?r^ wfjrrir t

The water collected of unseasonal rain or the water col-
lected from the ground immediately after rain is also polluted.
It aggravates all the dosas.

93
94

Polluted water has defects of touch, colour, taste, smell,
virya (potency) and vipaka (taste after digestion).

Roughness, sliminess, heat and sticking to teeth — these are
the defects in touch. The appearance of mud, sand and moss,
and variegated colour are the defects in colour.

95

234 Materia Medica

Manifestation of taste is the defect in taste.

The presence of a foul smell is the defect in smell.

When water is taken, if it gets digested after a long time
and if it produces thirst, heaviness, colic pain and slivation, then,
these are the defects in potency.

If water gets digested very late and causes fermen-
tation of the food, then it should be determined that the water
has the defect of vipdka.

A person who takes defective water succumbs to many
diseases.

ffc?r sp^ir 5r€KTTfa?rcf%— ^^Jrefaw-

f?2r#3T^T<ra*WTfw HrfimftT^fcT II

96

f^r^r^rT^f %f% it £^ u

[qxjr. x*r v* : ??, ?», U]

Water pollution can be corrected by seven items, viz.,
(1) kataka, (2) gomeda, (3) visa granthi, (4) saivala mula, (5)
vastra (cloth), (6) mukta (pearl) and (7) mani (jewel).

For cooling the water, the container should be kept in
an airy place, water should be cooled over the container, the
water should be stirred with the help of a stick, it should be
fanned, the container should be covered with a piece of cloth,
sand should be poured over water and the container should be
kept hanging on a Hkya.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 235

"TTCTg-iTtf tffsfsf jftzif sp-fe sp^ |'

Boiling in different seasons

During summer and autumn seasons, water which is
boiled and reduced to one-fourth is useful. During the remain-
ing seasons, viz., hemanta (early winter), MMra (later part of
winter), rainy season and spring season, water boiled and
reduced to half is useful.

^■ergr :

■a

»ri?r*TFrp#sr *tffi?*f ^^f3W *Fm II £*; t!

Another view

During the rainy season, autumn, hemanta (early winter),
sisira (later part of winter), spring and summer, water to be
used should be boiled and reduced to 6/8 (yasu), 5/8 (vdrta\
4/8 (veda), 3/8 (tri), 2/8 (paksa) and 1/8 (ekabhaga) respectively.

argr *rqT $Wim ff^m rWt ?T*rr sq-cr^T 3F?q#qr II S.S. II

In this context, however; the exact nature of processing
should be determined on the basis of the diminution and aggra-
vation of the dosas.

am fa«rf «ftawrfa :

arnsPTfa tt?Ti3t wzfati ?panrfq<PT i

^aruf T5PT *ftf[ imm fw%.m sp?*? II ?°o II

♦ 97

98 99

236 Materia Medica

Removal of pollution

For the removal of pollution, the boiled water should be
exposed to the sun's rays and in this water hot pieces of gold,
silver, iron, stone, sand or clod of earth should be immersed
seven times. To this water fragrant things like karpura, jdtf,
punnaga, patald etc. should be added. This should then be
filtered with the help of a clean and compact piece of cloth.
It should be protected from small insects. In the vessel con-
taining this clean water, kataka, pearl etc. should be added.
This process corrects pollution.

arnf sref sftzrfo q-prinsr crs^rpf * j,d*tiW ^ i

Time taken for digestion

Unboiled water gets digested in one yama (three hours).
The water which is boiled and cooled takes one and a half
hours for digestion. The water which is boiled and warm gets
digested in forty five minutes. These are the three different
times for digestion of water.

II *f?r sfTfeff : II

Thus end the groups dealing with different types of
water.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. 55£3iR[ qT^5R>T¥: mfvtft 13:21

2. ^RJ«rf X% fsTcffa3*cT% «ns: I
3- JTFTcTfFT 5% fStft5T35Fcl% TT5: I

Ayurveda Saukhyaih of TodarSnanda 237

7. ^«rr sPr stfp^" ire. i

8. ?T^W iPr STPF^ "ITS: I

9. S«TTfo% f % STT^ <TT5: i

10. SGH-s^nr m^srspw: ^nrf^nt 13 : 14 i

11. feoZRTOTTf^f f^TT ffrT mwk <TT5: I

12. f<o<4 4 1 ac< frr ?f 3ftTTc*f £?TT: ^f?r stfk* 7T5: t

13. qrmw^'j^^FFFTT: ff?r arre^; tts: i

14. ^^^FT^f 1% ^T^: <TT3: I

15. crrcif ^f?r srre3: <tts: i

16. srt> JTeiT: f f?r srr^ ^rrs: »

17. ^%TT7f?T§5^^T: 1% STC^ <TT5: t

18. TFT^TiT^^T: 3f?T ffyfta" |?RT% TT5: !

19. STT: fffT STT^: TTS: I
20 JTJTT: ^frf STT^r tjra: (

21. ^qiTT*! fesf ^sft ?irT^Tfr^f7TT5f5Fr ^ mwt <rrs: t

22. ^^^^^^srf^r^ir'i^TfcTT^f!; ^fcr stff^; tts: i

23. ff *n*i #?f pTfj^f <js ^Tsf^N-sr ^f?r ?tt^ <tts: i

24. 3ffa?^*T^fr?nT*=g i% ithj^: <rrs: i

25. *«3r^ ?p?fcr: ?% wt^ to: i

26. sT^Tf srRSPFrer: ^nrfr^t 13 : 24 I

27. 5 fwe*r*mmnr ^fg- fs<jrjrfRr% <rre: i

28. ^l^iuiir^cTR - ^fgr srftd; <tts: I

29. *Ff 5% 3TT^: <TT3: I

30. wf^f e^rf ^fg- ^ftr vwk to: 1

31. -d^f cr^iKi^MWTsr^ci; ?% str^: smrr^ to: i

32. ^fiftr!^ f % STR^: TO: I

33. sp^fo JT^rtT: ?fe «n^ ITS: I

34. 35^: f% HR>^ TO: I

238 Materia Medica

35. tf 3 STCRraTOft cTWc^f #WC ^^fT % f% *TT^ 7IS: I

36. ^qr^fTTraw ifcr *?r?3: qre: i

37. g^TW^f % f% T*5|£Fcr% qT3: I

38. ?jrra^sr«PtT3 s l' if?r fg#*T3*ci% qre: i

39. ^rrf qr% ^fir <?c5q/a% qrs: i

40. ^B^T ffcT ^<S55?cf% TT3- I

41. s*2»r*r ttftsfftst WTfTW'T n : vv** i

42. %^R: ^T WTC^ qT5: I

43. ^cnr sfir src*^ TT5: I

44. ffi remflta' sfir «n^ tts: i

44. cfW ? fcT 5TT^ "TTS: i

46. ^fffcT S^PT ffcT STFPt qT5: I

47. |*f% fa%f cftsr ftrP^sfr snsrc^ %fa srr^ qra: i

48. qfar sf?r srre^: qrc: i

49. fa^^^TTOf TOTsfc?T«ra ^ sftr mwt TT5: i

50. srtf^re ^rcsssrctef wr qftq srr srFrfq- *^pt <?f% sn^: qre: i

51. Tfarc^sro %fk( 5rr^% its: i

52. *2rs^g^TrsT*c*TFnfw s% ?rr^ qre.- i

53. q^ipr ^fir feftenpti% tis: i

54. =^3^jf ^fo an 5 ^ TT3: I

55. ?r«ftrf*r?'T sf% an - ^ qre: i

56. =??W<m2m iftr am^: qTS: 1

57. sr^rm ^ftr 3tpb^ qre: i

58. <il\d^' ^fir 3TFf3: qTS: I

59. frsr>rir: 5% arrq^: qre: i

60. 3iciF|qT^T^fwT5qfrsT?f ft-Tsgqpn^ %fa 3tt^: qrs: i

61. ^f^ffsr^TTq- 5f% f|[cft»T5^r qra: I

62. qTerrwfaf^n «|f«nTTf^t^^r: ?% 3n-q3: qrs: i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 239

63. frow si^ ^fcr snwt; TT5: I

64. ; £f r ^T ^f?T <TS57^a% "TT5: I

65. Trfw^nflRT SfcT 3TTaF% ^ tp^a^ft: 'TIS: I

66. 'sps'p&trTsfFTej sf?r 3tfp% qra j

67. 5f : ^fcT 3TT^r5- qT5' 1

68 g^sffinffaipsT^g %fa m^k tts: i

69 *n| ?r| f fir ^iT^sf^ftfT^rg tts: i

70 srefav? •fopimTsnsra' *r f fa- tfcsg^ <ns: i

71. ^fTT^- ^r ^f?r anr^ qre: J

72. tp% s r?f\ 3T5^ ff?r srFf^: to: i

73. prir%% ws^: f»s§ ^'i»rSt ^ ffir arr^: tts: i

74. fq3 cmh^^cWt ffa 3tt^: tfs. i

75. Trcftsczr??rfa«rsr t ^=rrf%fTfV wmf^ 5% 3n^>% qre: i

76. gsng; ^fa arrest 3*^%^ tts: i ^m ifir fiR frq%w3» tts: i

77. TTfacft 3T#% mZTSZf ^TOf/FRi ^>Fr«# |

78. WH^ ^T 3TR^ 7T5: I

79. a^P^IFf f fcT STRsfjfer^Tg <TT5: I

80. ^ qcr ifcr anr^: <rrc: i

81. ^RTKT'T^sf ?% f3HY«T5??I% 715: I

82. T^fcT ^fcf 3TFP% <T15: I

83. sT^ip? Trrsr^S-sq^TW: ?fopnf ?H : 3^-33 I

84 srnrTiqr^s^sRff f fa <4^Htd^> qrs: i

85. Wtt ^flr <TO"J^T% TT5: I

86. fTfftf?2T% ffo sp^U?^ 7T3" I

87. f^f IT: ^fr an^; T .5: I

89. 5 fe3% ipR^rPw^fir ^fcr srn^: <tts: i

90. ^rf fqrrfVwsf ^f?r %?frT7/F<ri% tts: 1
apf fT^rPTTRrsff sfa ?m^: 775: 1

240 Materia Medica

92. %s 5% 3tr3: 3rf?RJ qrs: i

93. TO <?% 3TT^ STfsRJ TT5: I

94. FI^Hta: ^fgr 3TFP^ <TT3: I

95. qrstsif gsrjt rW?t«t^ i

96. «s«i<ffq[ sFer fsrcft-^^T% tts: i

97- sre^Rnfatf ?% «ps53?cr% tts: i

98- ^r^gcrnrer: ^fgr q«gqff3 % <rre: i

99- ^twr ?f?r fe?ftq3??r%r vxs: \

CHAPTER 15

fpift-^sii^raT fg^cKH mix\ ii ? if

Rakta Mli (Oriza saliva Linn.)

The red variety of salt rice alleviates all fthe three dosas.
It promotes eyesight and semen. It is diuretic. It causes thirst
and promotes ojas, strength and voice. It is a cardiac tonic.

sffcft w*rj%q-<?taEjfr jrgrrt «fte«rfapp: t

Gaura sasjlka (a variety of Oriza sativa Linn.)

The white variety of sasfika rice is cooling and light. It
alleviates all the three dosas and it is sweet.;

i

There is another variety of it which is slightly inferior in
taste and vipaka and which is heavier than the former.

2

242 Materia Medica

Mahd salt and Kalama

Maha iali type of rice is exceedingly aphrodisiac. Kalama
variety of rice alleviates kapha and pitta.

wegZ&XGWR^g; ?ft% fTrWd *J5: II 3 II

Vrihi (a variety of Oryza sativa Linn.)

The vrihi type of rice is sweet. It produces acidity during
digestion. It aggravates pitta and is heavy.

sreg^ft suffer*? ircsreg; fastafcr i

Patala

The patala type of rice is very hot and is exceedingly
abhisyandi (which obstructs the channels of circulation). It
aggravates all the three dosas.

ftfaref % ^ ^ <gxm ^ *r% ?*r<m n v ii

Sowing and transplantation

The rice which is cultivated by sowing is heavy; otherwise
it is slightly inferior in quality. The rice which is cultivated by
transplantation is aphrodisiac when freshly harvested. When
preserved for a long time, it becomes light.

3

4 S

Cultivation

The idli rice which is cultivated in a forest land after sett-
ing fire to the vegetation is light for digestion. It is astringent.
It causes retention of stool and urine. It is un-unctuous and
alleviator of kapha.

6

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 243

7

foP^4<*ifrreK»*tJ*T "T^TFTSra^Tl: II ^ It

The sdli rice which is cultivated on plain ground alleviates
kapha and pitta. It is astringent, pungent, slightly bitter and
sweet. It aggravates vayu and stimulates the power of digestion.

8

f'srr^rTin^Tir^r tt«t: w:wmw:^\: ii o ii

The rice which is cultivated in the rice field is sweet,
aphrodisiac, strength promoting and alleviator of pitta. It is
slightly astringent and it produces less excreta. It is heavy. It
produces more of kapha and semen.

■^qTftrfrcin- eref: =ftsr<rpPT 'pftrm: t

9

The rice which is cultivated by repeated transplantation is
light. It gets digested easily and is superior in quality. It does
not cause burning sensation. It alleviates dosas. It promotes
strength. It is diuretic.

f?TW: *Pmm: fTa^TT: arsrqT^r: sptprq^r: I IS. 1 1

The rice which is grown after cutting the plant, is un-
unctuous. It causes retention of stool. It is bitter and astringent.
It alleviates pitta. It is light for digestion. It also alleviates
kapha.

li iftr ssrFSre: U

Thus ends the group dealing with various types of rice.

244 Materia Medica

NOTES AND REFERENCES

4. «t4fa«»^r ^Rf 3TT^ tts: l

5. ^^ftt: ^far m^< TOJ: f

6. ^^FTSPTT: ?far STFFT "TT5: I

7. q^TT^W^TT ff?T fef)R5??T% ITS: I

9. farenrffsft *% arra^ tts: i

CHAPTER 16

Syamaka (Echinochloa fruraentacea Linn.)

Syamaka is sosana (drying) and un-unctuous. It aggra-
vates vdta and alleviates kapha and pitta.

^ f^W***: MM. I. % I.

Priyangu (Setaria italica Beauv.), Nhdra (a type of paddy)
& Koradiisa (Paspalum scorbiculatum Linn.)

Priyangu, nivara and koradiisa share the properties of
syamaka.

=ror: *qf*ferft TrSrafafPFETT ^^=r it ^ n

2

Favar (Hordeum vulgare Lino.)

Yava is un-unctuous, cooling, heavy, sweet, laxative,
producer of more of stool and flatus and aphrodisiac. It

246 Materia Medica

produces sthairya (steadiness) and reduces urine, fat, pitta and
kapha. It cures pltia&a (chronic rhinitis), svdsa (asthma), kdsa
(bronchitis), urustambha (which produces immobility of thigh)
and diseases of the throat and blood.

3 4

HTTt irr^ ^afTtifT sfsmt rm: \\ 3 il
Amiyava & Vamsaja yava

The anuyava is slightly inferior in quality in comparison to
yava. The yava (fruit) of vamia (bamboo) is un-unctuous and
hot.

5
6

[TrT6rw?3qrrnr: granszTspf ?va : ^-y N ]

Godhuma (Triticum aestrvum Linn.)

Godhuma (wheat) is aphrodisiac, cooling, heavy, unctuous
and life giver. It alleviates vata and pitta, and helps in the
union of broken tissues. It is sweet. It produces steadiness.
It is also a laxative.

«fi^5 ^m *t%Tt *r^ src*r: ft«jr: ^sPsfarre^ i
ftffefr [^ct^tJ fT^fqrr^Tfr ?migi^ [?] ^h^t. stcstiikii

Another view

Godhuma is sweet, heavy, promoter of strength, steadiness
and seir.en, appetiser, unctuous and cold. It alleviates vayu and
vitta and produces flatus {vata ? ) and kapha. It is laxative.

7 8

fsTcft ftrcT% rr^Ct srfats forTsfr W5frn%q?r q*rar 3tr: u ^ u

9

5f? qtsfT?r^qT3R-^t5?q-^^?c5fsifr5«r %3*ft3fa<T^T T^f (

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 247

Tila (Sesamum indicum Linn.)

Tila is slightly astringent, sweet, bitter, constipative,
aggravator of pitta, hot, sweet in vipaka, promoter of strength
and unctuous. It is useful for application over ulcers and for
teeth. It is a promoter of digestive power and intellect. It
reduces the quantity of urine. It is useful for the skin and the
hair. It alleviates vayu and is heavy.

10

Among the different types of tila, the black variety is the
best, the white variety is middling and other varieties are
inferior in quality.

#?fT V?dWS( fafesHT SHPr: < T^#?T: It ^ II
Mudga (Phaseolus radiatus Linn.)

Variety

Krsna mudga, maha mudga, white, green, }ellow, white and
red — these are the different varieties of mudga. The former ones
are lighter than the latter ones.

11

gjSTFR- jrr: stttbt sp*rt ^fVrrr nw. i

According to Susruta, the green variety is the best among
the mudgas.

Property

Mudga alleviates kapha, pitta and blood. It is astringent,
sweet, light, constipative, cooling and pungent in vipaka. It
promotes eye sight and does not aggravate xdyu in excess.

248 Materia Mcdica

12
^>TRrr : ^f T: =rT?! : T5^spf*5rT: inn: ?*jrtt: i

Vanya mudga

Different varieties of vanya (wild variety) mudga share all
the properties of cultivated varieties of mudga.

13 14

*TflTt Trsprf ^=s*r: WXVgt sp'pf t TTT?T II ?° II

Afasiira (Lens culinaris Medic.)

Mas'ura is sweet, appetiser and constipative. It
alleviates kapha and /»7to.

1S

Makustha (Phaseolus aconitifolius Jstcq.)

Mahn$thaka alleviates rakta pitta (a disease characterised
by bleeding from different parts of the body) and jvara (fever).
It is constipative.

sfT^TW^ f<TTT"T?csr^ T^wrvT msraT fe*rr: 1 1 ? ? 1 1

[ mTsrs'sipTor: ftrfiir-tqrT^xr^'T ?5.-?-vJ

Carjaka (Ciccr arietinum Linn )

Canaka alleviates kapha, blood and pitta. It causes
impotency and aggravates vayu. It is cooling.

Haretiu & Satin a
(Pisum arrens Linn. & Pisum sativum Linn.)

Haretiu and satina cause constipation.

16 17

^r rrsr ^?Rrpm r<rsr<?tEra*r;rr: t?tt j

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnaiida 249

Adhakl (Cajanus cajan Millsp.)

Adhaki alleviates kapha and pitta. It is astringent. It
aggravates vayu in excess. When added with ghee, it alleviates
all the three doisas.

Kulattha (Dolichos biflorus Linn.)

Kulattha is hot, astringent in taste, pungent in vipaka and
alleviator of kapha as well as vayu.

18

It cures Sukra&mari (stone in the seminal tract) and gulma
(phantom tumour). It is constipative. It also cures pfnasa
(chronic rhinitis), k asa (bronchitis), anaha (flatulence), medas
(adiposity), guda kila (piles), hikkd (hiccup) and svasa (asthma).
It vitiates blood and pitta.

20

Vanya Kulattha

The wild variety of k ulattha specifically alleviates kapha
and cures diseases caused by vayu.

WTcnj^- stem a?*ft *nrnt sr^rrarT *n?. n' ?sui

[jnsR?3*P]rnr: fsrfrsrsrFsra't ?=: : ?-£]

il<f«A'a (Phaseolus mungo Linn.)

TV/aia is unctuous, hot, sweet and aphrodisiac. It produces
more of fat, flesh and kapha. It alleviates vayu, promotes
nourishment and strength and produces more of stool. It is
heavy.

250 Materia Medica

21

22
SPfW* PcPWft fa?TOTS5rsre: f<TTR>ljrer|[ira- II $\ II

Another view

Mdsa is heavy, laxative, diuretic, unctuous, aphrodisiac,
sweet, alleviator of vdyu, refreshing and promoter of lactation.
It has the specific property of promoting strength and aggravat-
ing pitta as well as kapha.

o o

The fruits of atmaguptd and kakanda have properties
similar to those of mdsa.

23

Aranya mdsa

The wild variety of mdsa is un-unctuous and astringent.
It causes burning sensation.

jR<3/a ma^a (Vigna cylindrica Skeels)

Raja mdsa is laxative and appetiser. It reduces kapha and
semen, and cures amla pitta (hyper acidity in stomach). It is
delicious, aggravator of vdyu, un-unctuous, astringent, visada
(non-slimy) and heavy.

q5?f *«f ^ 5T?jf ^ ffuf elld'fWcTT'T li H II
Kakanda (?) & Atmaguptd (Mucuna pruriens DC.)
The fruits of kakanda and dtma gupta are heavy, hot,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnartda 251

unctuous, sweet, aphrodisiac, strength promoting and
nourishing. They are excellent alleviators of vayu.

24 25

fcTOTWft ?2TT!|f?P??TT spqifaTTSfRT *&■ 1

A tasl & Kusumbha
(Linnm usitatissimum Linn. & Carthamus tinctorins Lion.)

Atasl is unctuous, sweet, bitter, aggravator of kapha as
well as p/tta and heavy. It reduces eye sight and semen. It is
pungent in vipaka.

Seed of kusumbha shares properties of atasl.

srrcrfTTr^TT wsa fawrrcrn #ewwwt: »

Nfspava (Dolichos lablab Linn.)

Different types of nispdva are aggravaters of vayu and pitta
and un-unctuous. They dry up kapha.

26

fe^f^f^sf'^^rfafe^r SsrfsrarEW: ir?u

&6i (a. type of Dolichos lablab Linn.)

Different types of iimbi reduce strength and alleviate
kapha. They ate exceedingly un-unctuous, sweet, cooling and
constipative. Ihey reduce the power of digestion.

27
28

Simba (a type of Dolichos lablab Linn.)

$imba is un-unctuous, astringent and promoter of

252 Materia Medica

strength. It causes burning sensation and reduces kapha and
eye sight. It is pungent in vipaka and sweet. It eliminates
stool as well as vayu and aggravates pitta.

29 30

fkarfaraT: qt^rsFTt^wif : ^ref^ HJ|*<wu«r* rem: i

31 32

[%^: g^r?«rpr v^ : yy-y^]

It has several varieties viz., white, black, yellow and red.
They have different tastes but all of them share the properties
described above. They are predominantly pungent in taste as
well as vipaka and hot.

33 34

35

^f^TT^wsfsnrer^ m **rcrr tsf^R^ ^t: u ^yu

36

Vaidalikas & Simbas

Pulses having dicotyledons and different type of simba —
all produce burning sensation. They are exceedingly un-
unctuous and constipative. They aggravate vayu and are
extremely difficult of digestion and are appetisers.

They reduce the power of digestion, alleviate kapha as
well as pitta and cause retention of stool, urine and flatus.

'3^UcT^cfoFJT: ftr^Tsff ^fifarrfrcr II RU. ||

ftq-TsfrOT]-; ffrr^ssT: ;pE^t ^sm^RT: |

Siddhdrtha

Siddfiartha alleviates kapha and vata. It is sharp. It causes
raktapitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from different
parts of the body). It is unctuous and hot. It cures k r mi

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 253

(parasitic infection) and kusfha (obstinate skin diseases includ-
ing leprosy). It is pungent both in taste and vipaka.

RSjika 9c Sar$apa (Brassica campestris linn.)

Rdjikd and sarsapa share the properties of siddhdrtha. In
addition rdjika is an appetiser.

37

*wreproftr fesf ?rrri?5r^rc sg?ra[ n R» u

Property In preservation

Saka dhdnya and sirhbi dhdnya which are preserved for
one year before use, are the lightest and most wholesome.
Freshly harvested ones are heavy and extremely unwholesome.
The earlier they ripen, the lighter they are.

38

3TTTT fsp-tfT V«frr ^ cPTT *W*nft«n ll' \* II

Yava, godhuma, mdsa and tila are useful when they are
freshly harvested. When preserved for a long time, they become
tasteless and un-unctuous. They do not promote strength to
the same extent as the fresh ones do.

[in n«lri«l^M| : f ^ffrTOFTO t«; : u]

Other defects

The germinated corns cause burning sensation. They
are heavy and constipative. They cause impairment of eye
tight.

254 Materia Medica

4HItH ^TfWWTJrfqrT^ ^ II ^ II

[wm^fs^mw. %F*3rsrRnnt ?«; : ?=;-U]

Unseasonal and immature corns cause many diseases.
Those which are not grown on the ground and which are
freshly harvested do not possess the prescribed properties.
Freshly harvested corns are abhisyandi (which obstruct the
channels of circulation) and they become light after preservation
for one year.

II ^fcT STTfq^5f: II

Thus ends the group dealing with different type of corns.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

l. ers^ ^iptarc^Y*:^: ff?r m^x wrs: i

2 Tt*TSSf rST^r^^F^S^TI ^ 4 M, ff>T STTW^ TT5: I

3. zmvwtrft sfr arrenc tts: i

5. ^q - : 5ftcft ff?T STT^ TT5: I

6. *fsrrrr ateoft 5r?*ft »frsr*F: *#%c<tt*t ff% ari^ tts:

8. q«r 7**r: f fa 3tr>T TT3: I

9. 5^zfrsfrri%srr ^far fsHtoj*^ qrs: i
^rrsf^Jmro ^ srre^ to: i

10. ftaeRTCcnTTSwr sftr sn^: ^re: I

11. K«ewr«T— g^?r: ^pr v^ : ^$. i

Ayurveda Sauk hy am of Todarananda 255

13. *np: ^frT 3TT:f>T TTS: X

14. ^sffcT: ^ 3TFPT TTS : I

15. •^t5fq\t>M - '->*TTer sftffr ^f?r srresrjrw+t^, tis: i

16. 3TTS^V sptRfq-TT^fV ^TPTT^^fcr^TcRTT: ?fcT STT^T TTS. I

17. spqrar?nsriT: ?f?r feft<rT^?r% tts: i

18. %<*\*m O-iTcwfH 'Jcft^ ?f?r arT^TT tts: i

19- ^ftf^TftrT^rrf ^frf sn^ TT3: t

20. 3rqv?q- ??grT t^ptsp^t f^5Tq"!fr 3rpT°pT?«r zw. ?f>r arra^ tts: t

21. ft^^twr^sift ^f?r STT^PT TTS: I

22. ^sP*>+>Kf^r lf?T 4»l=h< TTS: |

23. ^nrrqT srfsrarTf^fp?^ sfar anr^ tts: i

24. fiFFsft*rr wPt sthpt tts: i

25. ^"TffclTRtOTn f fff ST^R TTS: 1

26. ^ra^TT: 4>4>ffit»*«i r: ffcf sn^: tts: I

27. ^sr: ^nrnft fa n ^ft ^ ^gmret^PTffegrT^T ^ an^ tts: i

28. *np?g ft% 3tt^: tts. i

29. TTd+ <T*4"ur? ^f?r anrR: tts: i

30. ^"^rf^^T?5 %fa 3TT^^ TTS: I

31. zT*rTferc5T 'pRT: %foi aTTT^: TTS: t

32. WTP^jft^ ^fcf STT^t 713: I

33. fk^err ?f% ampr tts: i

34. f%ssm ^r^qf^srep?^ ?% stttr tts: i

35. terftpPRg %fct 3TFPT TTS: I

36. sftq-^r: ^*rfTTT*sft ?% fgrf>i3??r% tts: i

37. ^TRWcT 5RRq% %fa 3TFPT TTS: I

38. craTTSW^T: ipgRTT: ^f?T 3TTT^ TTS: I

CHAPTER 17

Meat

All types of meat alleviate vayu. They are aphrodisiac,
exceedingly strength promoting and heavy. Meat soup is
refreshing, strength promoting, unctuous, life giver (propa
prada) and light.

There are two groups of mdriisa (meat) viz., meat of
jangala animals and the meat of anupa animals.

1 2

arrqrsf m*r*pfsw [fw]*r*srre^ ^jgrcroT: i
a-*rr <m*wr #*n fafatsTK wsj^t *rfa u ^ n

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 25?

Jangala (Meat of animals dwelling in dry land forests)

Jangala is of eight categories viz., (1) janghala, (2) vilastha,
(3) guhdsaya, (4) parna ntfga, (5) viskira, (6) pratuda, (7) prasaha
and (8) gramya.

arfrmT *Ffn ^«n*3^rTr ?reeFcr«iT \\ \u
«[^rr f*rf^r?r?2r % T^c^nfe^ ?r«rr u v u

T«rT*¥ a^sftqref *r ^n^t^srw'T it k it

Meat of this variety is sweet, un-unctuous, astringent,
light, strength promoting, aphrodisiac, nourishing and
digestive stimulant. It alleviates dosas and cures mukata (dumb-
ness), minminatva (stammering), gadgadatva (lulling speech),
ardita (facial paralysis), vadhirya (deafness), ahici (sense of
impurity), chardi (vomiting), prameha (obstinate urinary
disorders including diabetes), mukharoga (diseases of the oral
cavity), gala ganga (goitre), slipada (filariasis) and diseases
caused by vdyu.

4 5

*m*n «^m fallen: q^wmsrrcre: u % n

Anupa (Meat of animals inhabiting marshy land)

Antipa is of five categories viz., (1) kulecara, (2) plava, (3)
koSastha, (4) padin and (5) matsya.

irpjtn: W^TT: fr^W. iptft iT^msm: I
Hrets fiiuif^H^ f| srFft[5]«r«qcnn: *rat: iivjh

258 Materia Medico

Meat of this variety is sweet, unctuous, heavy, suppresser
of the power of digestion, alleviator of kapha and slimy. It inc-
reases muscle tissue considerably. It is generally abhisyandin
(which obstructs the channels of circulation) and unwholesome.

6

<u*ftcu wa^rfqr #**«?: sR^rrem n <; n
ilfajPFcrrsr sffsar: q^r: fwra^w: u 5. n

7

*^"T: <f«nrft ^m wnft T*WT?T«P: II ?? II

GO. « C * *

*\ {■■• * *% » p*

<l«ft<l*3 spft ?Pft TFsfVf^r: qfcft fcT: 1 1 H II

5^«s?: «FR?ft JTfg Wf*fl^ ^ferftnT: II ?3 II

^fSW i «i: SW^lfcm'PT: *RTKft <?nre*r: ¥ T^T*prFSq-:| I ?Yl |

Different types of Jangala meat

Hariya, eria, kwanga, rk?a, vatayu,mrga matrkd, rajiva,
pr?at, hadaihspa, iarabha— these animals are called janghala.
Their characteristic features are given below :

Harina is of coppery colour. Eva has a black body.

Ayurveda Saukhyath of Todarananda 15$

Kuranga is of coppery colour. It looks like harina but it is
bigger in size. R$ya (rksa) is commonly called nllapduka or
saroru. Vatayu is like a deer calf and it is small in size. Mrga
matrka is like a rabbit. It is small in size and it has a bulging
abdomen. Some people, however, take musk deer as mrga
matrka. Rajiva has a spotted body. Prsat is dotted like the
moon in its body and it looks like a hariiia of small size.
§vadarhs{ra is called karka\a in Kashmir. Sarabha is found in
Kashmir. It has eight legs, four of which are upwards. It is like
a camel in size and it has big horns. This animal, which is also
known as maha mrga is locally called navastha (?).

8

'sa*m* Tsrarr: firsrjft farrow r

e 10 n

'srTT?TT: STTW: m f*HV&**t%tT *tm. II ?R II
12

fofs^STcnFTT sfar ztwsft 3r?5*pf?Tr: i

Krtamala, vapracura, visruta and vindu citraka — these
animals also come under the janghala category.

The meat of all these animals generally alleviates pitta
and kapha. It slightly aggravates vayu. It is light and pro-
moter of strength,

13

»ft*rT5T5W4 i Ti<!5 > %i?irf ( W€n' farftiiir: it \\ u

Vilesaya (Meat of animals which live in barrows in the earth)

Godha, sasa, bhujanga, akhu, iallaki etc., are called
vileiaya animals.

14

#^TT ^?f%<ffT: ^ltJTM>||!^r SppyfcfcTT: II ?va II

The meat of these animals alleviates vayu. It is sweet both
in taste and vipaka. It is nourishing and it causes retention of
stool and urine. It is hot in potency.

260 Materia Medica

15 16

Guhasaya (Meat of animals that dwell in caves)

Sithha, vyaghra, vrka, aksa, rksa, taraksu, dvipin, babhru,
jambuka, mdrjara etc., are called guhasaya animals.

Taraksu is commonly known as hadahd. Dvipin is the tiger
with a spotted body. A variety of babhru which has a thick tail
and red eyes is called nakula.

'Wiimi 3"TcTircT igGWf T«|?TfSr ^ I

fFT^n ^^rr %tt ftw %^^Fwrfw*j i

The meat of these animals alleviates vayu. It is heavy,
hot, sweet, unctuous and promoter of strength. It is always
wholesome for patients suffering from the diseases of the eye
and the anus.

17

TOTCTflitauiWHi: ^a^5r3<t«r^T: I R ? 1 1 '

Panta mrga

Vanaukd, vrksa marjdra, vfksa markatika etc., are called
parrja mrga animals.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 261

The meat of these animals is aphrodisiac, promoter of
eye sight and useful in the correction of the vitiation of blood.
It cures svasa (asthma), arsas (piles) and kasa (bronchitis). It
helps in the elimination of urine and stool.

18

19

Viskira (Meat of galHnacious birds)

Vartikd, lava, vikira, kapinjalaka tittira, cakora, krakara,
etc., are called viskira animals.

They eat by tearing (viklrya) the food because of which
they are called viskira.

20

[•nmw^m *rrarw*t ?? : ^«-^?]

The gray coloured tittira {kapisa tittira) is called kapinjala.
Cakora is a well known bird. Krakara is locally called kathara.

21

The meat of these animals is sweet, cooling, astringent in
taste, pungent in vipaka, strength promoting, and.
It alleviates all the three dosas. It is whole$>mf*an<$?igh£:

22

262 Materia Medica

Pratuda (Meat of packer birds)

Kdlakanfhaka, harita, kapota, satapatra, sarika, khanjarifa,
pika etc., are called pratuda animals.

23

They eat by picking (pratudya) the food because of which
they are called pratuda.

In the country of gauda, kalakanfhaka is popularly called
gaurai and adagake.

fTftcTT %fT&T ?f?r 5ft% II -R\3 II

Harita is called /zan/a in the local vernacular.

Kapota is white and yellowish (pandu). Satapatra is the
bigger variety of iuka.

'srpT T^T: ftrrs^TT^TT f^T" I

24
rpspTt ^S^m f^f3^5TcT5r^tT?IT: II ^t; ||

The meat of these animals is sweet. It alleviates pitta
and kapha. It is astringent, cooling and light. It causes
retention of stool and it slightly aggravates vayu.

v 25 26

*TOt 5TW 3H«n* fo?<T5rj 5T5r?rTf^: |

srosft x *ir**«^ *r*t ^rrerr: srcrfrr: **r?TT: |R€.I|'

Prasaha (Meat of animals & birds who eat by snatching)

Kaka, grdhra, uluka, cillu, sasaghatin, cdsa, bhdsa, kurara

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todaratmnda 263

etc., are called prasafia animals.

27

These animals eat by snatching (prasahya) their food be-
cause of which they are called prasaha.

28

29

The meat of all these animals is hot in potency. Persons
who eat their. meat suffer from fosa (consumption), bhasmaka
(gluttonous appetite), unmdda (insanity) and reduction in
semen.

30

S!»ii)wiwmi *r«rr: sfTrRr *T|fafar: 11^ ? II

Gramya (Meat of domesticated animals)

Chdga, mesa, vpsa, asva etc., are called gramya animals by
the great sages.

31

The meat of all these animals alleviates vdyu, stimulates
digestion and aggravates kapha and pitta. It is sweet both in
taste and vipaka, nourishing and strength promoting.

32
rr^ SJvFSPCT: sftffiT ^TTcT 3% ^T^WTFT \\\\\\

Kiilecara (Meat of animals who live near water)

Lulaya, ganaa, varaha, camarl, vdrana, etc., are called
kulecara animals.

264 Materia Medica

These animals graze (reside) by the side of water (kala)
because of which they are called kulecara.

fliTIRft Tfftn I *P3¥:^: I ^nrft f JTTjawV *ft: I RYU

Lulaya is mahisa (buffalo), ganda is Khadga (rhinoceros)
and camari is a type 0/ cow having a chowric tail.

*rspr: sffam: r^Tsrr: *jw«rr: ^i^srt: n^n

The meat of kulecara animals like Maya, mahisa, ganda,
khadga, camari, camara puccha and go alleviate vayu and pitta.
It is aphrodisiac, proiroter of strength, sweet, cooling, unctuous
and diuretic. It aggravates kapha.
33

34
j?3fcrat *wT3«r 5rawraT: *siwt *r?rr: t

35

Plava (Meat of animals who swim in water)

Hamsa, sdrasa, kacaksa, baka, kraunca, sasarikd, nandi
mukhi, kddamba, balaka etc., are called plava animals.

36 37 38 39

40 41

5f?r <=ft% 1 *rcrfo*FT faf ^fgr cfi% 11 \q 11

Kacaksa is also known as karditdksa or bfhadbaka.
Kraunca is also called icrtffif vihanga and in folk language it is
called tenka. Sasarikd is called sindhu in folk language.

42 '43

44 45

sfrrcsr *r*r=rr 5% $rr% I TOPPT wwsnfr: ^T?ftl%cT>% Il3£ll

Nandi mukhi has, above its bill, a projection which is big
in size, hard to touch and round in shape. Kadqmbg is called

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 265

Kayathba in folk lore. Baldkd is the small variety of raka,
which in folk lore is called bagulf.

"^T: flxT^r: fFPm: TfTT *[X*i\ f^TT: l

4«

The meat of these animals alleviates pitta. It is unctuous,
sweet, heavy and cooling. It aggravates vdyu and kapha and
promotes strength as well as semen. It is laxative.

47
48

3ftalW<4f«PfT: Wt iftwnr- Mft+lfadi: 11*? 1 1

Koiasiha (Meat of animals that dweB in shells)

Sasaka, vinaka, sukti, sambuka, bhattuka etc., are called
kosastha animals.

49

The meat of these animals is sweet, unctuous, alleviator
of pitta as well as vayu, cooling, nourishing and aphrodisiac. It
increases the quantity of stool and kapha.

50

S1

Padin

Kumbhira, kurma, nakra, karkafa, kfsna karkafa, ghanfikd,
sisumara etc., are called padin animals.

52 53

54

jtjp: TT^ ^fir "ft% 3TC*nfe T«rf ^|W: 11 VV It

266 Materia Medica

55

56
^f^TTST ^fcf vfl% I f^pTTT: $1% ifcT ?ft% II VK II

Kumbhira is a type of aquatic animal. Kurma is known as
kacchapa in folk lore. Nakra is called «afca in folk lore; they
are found in large numbers in rivers like Sarangha. Karkata is
known as kemkadd in the folk language. Krsna karkata is a
variety of karkata. Siiumara is called susi in the folk lore.

q-rfoftsfcr =*r * ct 3 qstarernit *pjr: swt: i'

The meat of these animals shares the properties of the
meat of kosastha animals.

Matsya (fish)
Living creatures like rohita etc., are called matsya (fish).

o^qwsqrccTFTt ^ ^toarrcftot w "jfsRTT: iiyvsii

Fish is unctuous, hot, sweet and heavy. It aggravates
kapha and pitta and promotes strength. It is abhisyandi (which
obstructs the channels of circulation), aphrodisiac, nourishing
and alleviator of vdyu. It is useful for those indulging in sex
and walking and for those who have a strong power of
digestion.

ar«T sfHrsrretai itfsramTf fqftrasMi 1 itt :

57

Ayurveda Saukhyath of Todarartanda 267

Property of the meat of individual animals

Harifta (Red deer)

The meat of harina is cooling. It causes retention of the
stool and urine. It is digestive stimulant and light. In taste
and vipaka it is sweet. It has a good smell and it alleviates all
the three dosas.

58

59

Em (Black back)

The meat of eija is astringent, sweet and a cardiac tonic.
It alleviates pitta, blood, kapha and vata. It is constipative and
appetiser. It cures fever.

60

61

[■JTT^JT^ra-: *lItM4 U : VK]

Pr?at (Spotted deer)

The meat of prsat is sweet both in taste and vipaka. It
alleviates dosas and is digestive stimulant. It is delicious,
constipative, cooling and light. It is an appetiser. It cures
svasa (asthma) and jvara (fever). It alleviates all the three
dosas as well as the vitiated blood.

Mundini

The meat of nvindinf cures jvara (fever), kasa (bronchitis),
vitiation of blood, ksaya (consumption) and svdsa (asthma).
It is cooling.

268 Materia Medica

[ifrFra^Rr: vm?*! ? ? : vv|

Nyanku (Antelope)

The meat of nyanku is sweet, light, strength promoting
and aphrodisiac. It alleviates all three dosas.

R?ya

The meat of /-sya is sweet, aphrodisiac, unctuous and hot.
It aggravates kapha and pitta.

62
63

&tfa (Hare)

The meat of §aia is light, constipative, un-unctuous,
sweet and always wholesome. It stimulates digestion and
alleviates kapha as well as pitta. It is neutral for vayu. It
cures jvara (fever), atisara (diarrhoea), sosa (consumption),
vitiation of blood, svasarta (asthma) and arsas (piles).

[srFrsr^rpn - : *rm*pf ?? : *°-sc?]

ii 'T^ra-zrr: n

iSalyaka

The meat of salyaka cures svdsa (asthma), kasa (bron-
chitis), vitiation of blood and Sosa (consumption). It alleviates
all the three dosas.

64

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 26£

Lava (Common quail)

Lava, which is included in the viskira group, is of four
types viz., (1) pamsula, (2) gauraka, (3) paundraka and (4)
darbhara.

67

The meat of lava in general is a cardiac tonic, cooling,
unctuous, constipative and digestive stimulant.

68

» - r si.i T , m ._x u - U t rs, "*, „c — — — . .

"TRW: S^T^^T wM'S'TTFT?5^Psr J T: II HH. II

The meat of the pathMa type of /awz aggravates kapha. It
is hot in potency. It alleviates vara.

The meat of the gaura type of lava is lighter, un-unctuous
and stimulant of digestion. It alleviates all the three dosas.

<fa^p: farTfrrc+PiH <r5T^rTd4>4>m^: II %.%. II

The meat of paundraka type of lava aggravates pitta. It is
slightly light. It alleviates vdyu and kapha.

The meat of darbhara type of lava cures rakta pitta (a
disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body) and hrddmaya (heart disease). It is cooling.

60 70

[w^sr^RT: maw t ? : v. %-*.*, K*]

270 Materia Medica

Vartika (Gray partridge)

The meat of vartika is sweet, cooling and un-unctuous.
It alleviates kapha and pitta.

71 .
'*&(;: #cPT: fcTTsft ^Tf: ^**4>iR: I

Cafaka (Tree sparrow)

The meat of cataka is cooling, unctuous and sweet. It
increases semen and kapha.

Vesma cajaka (House sparrow)

The meat of vesma cataka alleviates sannipdta (a condition
caused by the vitiation of all the three dosas). It increases
semen in excess.

^raqpteftrspr: [?] cffftft 5T*5taWTS: I

72

g^r. p*?t w?jfr ■<sfdwm<JiT ?rcr: n K£ n

Vartaka and Vartika
(Male bustard and female bastard)

The meat of vartaka is cooling. It cures jvara and allevi-
ates all three dosas. It is delicious and promoter of semen as
well as strength.

The meat of vartika is slightly inferior in quality.

73

74

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todardnanda Til

Tittiri (Partridge) & Gaura

The meat of tittiri promotes complexion. It is constipative.
It cures hikka (hiccup). It alleviates all the three do§as. It
cures Svasa (asthma) and kasa (bronchitis). It is wholesome.

The meat of gaura is better in quality.

78
76

Kukkufa (Cock)

The meat of kukkufa is nourishing, unctuous, hot in
potency, alleviator of vdyu and heavy. It promotes eyesight It
increases semen and kapha. It is strength promoting, aphrodisiac
and astringent.

77

78

Paniya Kukkufa (Water cock)

The meat of paniya kukkufa is unctuous, nourishing,
aggravator of kapha, heavy and alleviator of vdyu and pitta. It
cures k?aya (consumption), kpni (parasitic infection) and
vipoma para (irregular fever).

*T«r M<J4T:

79

%xtmt ^*x$t 'ssfpfst <TbPMfi<+>"*mf: i

so

Hdrita
The meat of hdrita is hot and un-unctuous. It alleviates

21% Materia Medica

vitiation of blood, pitta and kapha. It promotes sweating and
good voice. It slightly aggravates vayu.

TtUfq'TrfT: Sfcft *r§Tt TSPTPiWt: II \V II
Pdntfuka

The meat of pdnduka alleviates kapha and vayu. It cures
graham do fa (sprue syndrome), rakta pitta (a disease characteri-
sed by bleeding from different parts of the body). It is cooling
and sweet both in taste and vipaka.

mi%\ arr<arer*nT: >cqt?r: qf^ftfrRr: 1

Kapota (Dove)

The meat of kapota is constipative and alleviator of vdyu.
This bird is white and yellowish in colour.

f H KHtft *p3 ftTTsft TfRrq-TTTfq-5fTT^: ll' ^* II

Pdravata (Pigeon)

The meat of pdravata is heavy and unctuous. It cures
rakta pitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from different
parts of the body) and vitiation of vayu. It is constipative,
promoter of semen and cooling. It shares the properties of
kapota.

'TTfirfpr»«rrf5T fSTTftiT ^gqw^TTfa T l'

81

«ricr*iTFTf?npwrTf<jr ir^nrorfa Tfsmro' u^ii

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 273

Egg

Eggs of birds are not very unctuous. They are aphrodisiac,
sweet in vipaka and taste, alleviator of vayu, promoter of semen
in excess and heavy.

82
83

84

Chaga (Goat)

The meat of the goat is light, unctuous, sweet in vipaka
and alleviator of all the three dosas. It is not very cold and it
does not cause burning sensation. It is sweet. It cures pfnasa
(chronic rhinitis). It is an excellent promoter of strength. It
is appetiser and nourishing. It promotes tissue elements.

85

86

The meat of a recently delivered she-goat cures pinasa
(chronic rhinitis). It is useful in suska kasa (dry cough), aruci
(anorexia) and Hotha (oedema). It stimulates the power of
digestion.

87
88 89

The meat of a male calf of the goat is lighter. It is
cardiac tonic. It is an excellent curative of para (fever). It is
exceedingly delicious and promoter of strength.

90

274 Materia Medica

The meat of the castrated goat aggravates kapha. It is
heavy. It cleanses the channels of circulation. It promotes
strength and muscle tissue. It alleviates vayu and pitta.

91

zngsv 37?^ w zmfmw gores - =«r i

The meat of an old-goat aggravates vayu. It is un-
unctuous. The meat of diseased and dead goat shares these
properties also.

|_*rnnnprer: Tra^nf ? ? : isv-vse.]

The meat from the head of the goat cures diseases of
head and neck and is delicious.

92

Mesa (Sheep)

The meat of the sheep is nourishing. It aggravates pitta
and kapha. It is heavy.

93
cTrft ^sprrlta'RT *IW frf^R^ ^^ II ^ II

The meat of a castrated sheep is slightly lighter.

^ : U ] T 5 ^^ *ttf f «f W<sf sr^f* I
ftM^^+< fiF%grd^Tfcr^F?riT'r ii \$^. u'

The fat and the meat of the tail of the sheep are cardiac
tonic, aphrodisiac and alleviator of fatigue. They aggravate
pitta and kapha and alleviate to some extent diseases caused by
vayu.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 275

Go (Cow)

Beef is heavy and unwholesome. It aggravates pitta and
kapha. It is unctuous, alleviator of vayu, strength promoting
and nourishing. It cures pinasa (chronic rhinitis).

95

'•wrote mrwi wf^fcstrofarr^ i

3Torf3rfw ^sf *rspi *rgr snj ti vs*. ii'

Aiva (Horse)

The meat of the horse is saline and stimulant of the
power of digestion. It aggravates kapha and pitta. It alleviates
vayu. It is nourishing, promoter of strength as well as eye
sight, sweet and light.

fTar^eftJ^TfcFJT^^^ *pj (?) U U^ II

Mahi$a (Buffalo)

The meat of the buffalo is sweet, unctuous, hot and
alleviator of vayu. It increases sleep, semen, strength, lactation
and size of the body. It is light (?).

«BW <*PfT:

9i

276 Materia Medica

Kadambaka and Cakrahga

The meat of kadambaka and cakrahga is unctuous,
cooling, heavy and aphrodisiac. It helps in the elimination of
stool and urine. It alleviates vayu, pitta and vitiation of blood.

3?«r qptenprr:

97

[■5TT^5T^T?5r: WFSm ?? : S.^]

Kacchapa (Tortise)

The meat of kacchapa is promoter of strength. It
alleviates vayu and pitta and promotes potency.

fcr^?pjft ^FT?*? ^#3r:fatTf'Erir: || w ||

^^TST^y^rwF^srr nsresrsTrrfasrnTfji: i

Gaja (Elephant)

The meat of gaja is un-unctuous and depleting. It
vitiates semen, ojas and pitta. It is sweet, sour and saline. It
alleviates kapha and vayu.

98

• 99

Varaha (Hog)

The meat of vardha is unctuous, nourishing, aphrodisiac,
alleviator of fatigue and vayu, promoter of strength, appetiser,
delicious and heavy.

ftr«tf ;8mrf* *pf" *|#f*r«rfK? ^fcrenr i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 111

Carmacitrita sukara

The meat of sukara who has a spotted skin is unctuous,
sweet, aphrodisiac, heavy, abhisyandi (which obstructs the
channels of circulation), cooling, alleviator of vayu as well as
pitta and cardiac tonic.

'^B^ff frferfafcra 1 ^<rr5?JTi%srrcr^ i

[TrrsRsS^Tfor: nmiA H : H-?3]

Khadga (Rhinoceros)

The meat of khadga alleviates kapha. It is astringent and
alleviator of vayu. It is pitrya (liked by pitrs or dead ancestors),
sacred and promoter of longevity. It causes retention of urine
and is un-unctuous.

100

[jTrw^s^FTDr* JtrreMr H • ?^]

5<7r/» (Peacock)

The meat of barhi is most wholesome. It promotes
strength, alleviates vayu and increases muscle tissue as well as
semen.

101

102

Kapota (Dove ?)

The meat of various types of kapota residing in houses is
astringent and sweet in taste and cooling. It cures rakta pitta
(a disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body). It is sweet in vipdka.

ft«ft WttXV. f%f3or ap*ftm: >=H<mftH : II <;^ H

278 Materia Medica

The meat of those residing in forests is slightly lighter. It
is cooling and constipative. It produces less of urine.

ff<m% m*% fsnrprr srctaT spmTftnr: innai'

The meat of kapotas which are yellowish, spotted or
green in colour and which reside in the forests, is slightly ligh-
ter, un-unctuous and constipative. It aggravates kapha and
pitta, and it is wholesome.

103

Sarpa (Snake)

The meat of sarpa is promoter of eye sight, sweet in
vipaka and promoter of intellect.

Of them, darvikara and dipyaka are pungent in vipaka.
They are sweet in taste and excellent promoter of eye sight.
They help in the elimination of stool, urine and flatus.

104

1 05 1 06

Saiikha, Kurma etc., (Conch shell, tortoise etc..)

The meat of sankha, kurma etc., is sweet both in taste and
in vipaka. It is strength promoting, cooling, unctuous, useful for
pitta and promoter of eye sight as well as semen.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 279

107

[Tm^sTSTW TITf'T J>£ : 35.30]

Krsna Karkafa (Block crab)

The meat of the black variety of karkafa is strength
promoting and slightly hot. It alleviates vayu. It promotes
semen and healing. It helps in the elimination of stool and
urine. It alleviates vayu and pitta.

Hamsa (Swan)

The meat of hamsa alleviates vayu. It is aphrodisiac. It
is promoter of good voice, muscle tissue and strength.

108

Cakravaka, Thenka and Ca(aka

The meat of cakravaka, fheiika and cajaka alleviates vayu.

109
WrfTapT5r^PT?Tgr?}raR>T. qsRTTWT. I

fa*F«rr: 3F-5JTTT Y- m "^faWT feTT- I It; 5. 1 1

Sarika, Baka, Kadamba and Lavaka (Shama thrush, Common
crane, Whistling teal & Common quail)

The meat of sarika, haka, k adamba and lava alleviates
vayu. It is unctuous. It helps in the elimination of stool. It
is aphrodisiac. It cures rakta pitta (a disease characterised by
bleeding from different parts of the body). It is cooling.

Godha (Inguana)

The meat of godha cures kdsa (bronchitis), hdsa (asthma)
and ksaya (consumption). It is sweet and cooling.

280 Materia Medica

110

gTfaTfSrastoeir: f>fa^ftfa<5rT7^: II 5.o II '

[TmsrsinT'jr: *riwt ?«. : ^v-^*]

Musaka (Mouse)

The meat of musaka is sweet and unctuous. It increases
kapha and semen. It cures durndman (piles), aggravation of vayu,
kpni (parasitic infection) and dust visa (artificial poisoning).

Tt^r fsw *nwert: a? sriw* i

TcfdwPreFT *% f^s ^r| few %?HT II S_? II

Combinations

Along with caru karira, the meat of jdngala type of ani-
mals is appetiser and nourishing. It cures raktapitta (a
disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body), visarpa (erysipelas), kusfha (obstinate skin diseases inclu-
ding leprosy), meha (obstinate urinary disorders including
diabetes) and visa (poisoning).

fK?f sftqrcf fsr *rct<f: si grfTWJT i

Along with ghantola, the meat of jdngala type of animals
works as appetiser, digestive stimulant and cardiac tonic.

hi
'WT^TGirfw^RHrT cffaff Tfrg^rt^ II S.R II

frppfkr f^rq-or sft<rp%: ^ 3TPTW l'

Along with vltdgni, the meat of jdngala type of animals
cures diseases caused by vdyu and kapha. It is digestive
stimulant and laxative. It is very delicious.

The meat prepared with dry radish cures yaksntd (tuber-
culosis),

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Tofarananda 281

The meat prepared with curd is unctuous, digestive
stimulant and cardiac tonic.

STST ^3? T ^Sp-J cTTgtJt: 11 OTf^cnr 1I£VH

The meat prepared with tddoga promotes strength, good
voice and eyesight.

112

113

^ *pnw*r fa^m-f ^sFrTfa^feFfV wan n«.mi

114

^ fTT^r fa^m^T WfTf^rfcpft *im: It €.^11

Habitat

The meat of animals and birds residing and grazing far
away from water is less abhisyandi (which obstructs the channels
of circulation). The meat of animals which graze near water
is an excellent promoter of strength. Such animals and birds
are extremely abhisyandi (which obstructs the channels of
circulation).

i! #t *riwr: II

Thus ends the group dealing with various types of
meat.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1 . WMT f f?T ^35*?!% "TT5: I

282 Materia Medica

3. STTfT ^crq- 5% BpS5pg% TO: i

flf r sr«r ^ ^f<r f§xffa3*5r% qrs: i

4. srsrFrqT: ?fer q^3^i% srfwr qre: i

5. q-^T^^r ff?r q^jscr^ tts: i

7. sronrt wPr feftog*^ tts: i

8. ''f^T fWP:" TTStST %cfhl^?r% fftcFPSlfr I

10. warfar^^^T f % qrcs3^% qrs: i

11. S^cTH 3<% 3TT^T TTS: I

12. fofs^T^TspEnfr ff?j arr^T 7T3: I

13. ^mM^TP?rcri?'?nf'iraT ffer stt^ <?re: i

14. STSfa^T f% 3TFRT TTS: I

15. f$%°mmj$T ^^IfRWitfq-fT^TT 1% SRTPft^ TTS: I

16. fsftRF^T^lT wfcT ^33^% errs: \

17. "spfrpt *rer*TT5rffr zfjam^f&PT wlr f% *r>%" ^fcrsrrew-

5??T% <TTC: I

18. ^tT^T ^R^Tff^^fqs^T^fcrfTRT: ^% 3n*fiT <TT5: 1

19. f ftr^f ^fpnnrre^ fftr stt^t qrs: i

20. 5TT#: ^facft jffrfgrfTTfT: ?f% STnUT <TT5: I
21 T«TT*% f=T?ar. ?^T: ?% 3TT^ qTS: I

22. "Tn^ar: w^^e: fq-^rar: srgsrr: ?qm: ?fcr stfr tts: i

23. SRjar ?% stfet Trs: I

24. f^f^r^TcT^TT: ^qjcTL ?% 3TFFT qi5: I

25. fa?*PF*r ffcT stfr: <TT5: I

26. srptrr;: s% 3Tr^T <rre: I

27. srangrrf^sr *r§TWicr fcr fir sttot qrs: i

28. srarf t: ^g ajWWresRTW ^srarfor ^ tfg- strr qrrs: i

29. ^^^carre ?ftr srresh^pptsr ^t^: i

30. wrif^rarTCWT: % % fcfhi<p<R? to: i

31. ^rrFqrg ^tct^tt ^fcr ^"pg^ to: i

Ayurveda Sauk hyam of Todarananda 283

32. JTcf: lf?T 3TT^T 7T3: I

33. fftfm^r^™g^^Y^ 5 p" T fV<*rr: SRTfrr qtS: j

34. ^J?TT- 1% STTfR qT5: I

35. c^far 5f?T 3TFPT TF5 I

36. +K«J«5 ff% 3TT^T 7T5: |

37. SFTfewsfT ^% stt^tt tf^: (

38. f$S3?fc- %U 3TT^- <TT5: I

39. srncfar 5#r w&g*& tts: i

40. Jfmfw wfar 3tf?>3- its; i

41 . f^sr ?far arifTT tts- i

42. ^3^r?r<2?ft f far 3r re>fMM% y mz: \

43. sftrB ^ftr 3Tr^ TTCJ: I

44. sjr«rr ^fa" sffft to: i

45. TT^t^f 3TTCR T>T1'*q% I

46. *Fre%wrspjre*nflT sftr ?rm <rrc: i

47. Jtrs^rfrenr^rfT ^f^nrpf ^^sr: ?far stfir tis: i

48. ^t«rr s^ fcrsn^Fir tWut: ^f^ffraT ffir ari^; q- T s: i

49. ^s^tt srg^iRn- srajrsR sfhtsNtt: sfo srr^ qrs: i

c - W c

50. rr>JFT E F Ti ?re E PW: iffT 5fT3>t qra- t

51. STfe^: ffar 3TT^ TT5: I

52. TR^Pt 5p=r3Fg: wffT STFfn? <TT5: !

53. ?PTf sfk srr^rj^cT^nr ^rs: i

54. TTs^if^fT^I sfar stt^t: "7T3: »

55. "^pfe "W^T?:" qrefcq" STR^r ffttpfwifr I

56 *T*T sfrT m^* TT3: I

57 $nf«r: ?f*r ^tt^t <rre- t

58. ttht sptrraT TfT: fnrr^WBWFTfrJ 5fa m**T TO: I

59 «p:*fr sw-srspR-: *xpt: f fa STTCR TO: I

60. ?T%c^Tpf^: ?far srrerr to: I

61. "*r?*T t^^:" TO^Sq- ^55*3% jftTSPKR* I

62. ^Trr^TSTR'T: ^f<T 5U^ TO: I

284 Materia Medico

63. srarcrefterresfN w<w wiw^m sn %fa w&?£ tts: i

64. faf^^'f'J 3r % f?T aiT^f "TT5: I

65. qt^Jt ^fcT STFFT cjr ^sjScRJzfr: ITS: I

66. 'ft^s?^^ ^% iTFfR TTS: t

67. wnrr srf^-^r: fwsrFR^T srf^r f^rr: sfe ^rr^K tts: i

68. ^Tfrefa ^"fajftsfa^TSR: ^r srr^f tts: i

S3

69. STT^spT ^% qnS3<p?# <n3: I

70. ^firai>rr ff% srr^: tts: i

71. f fwf: ffcr sn^ to: i

72. *T<r: ff% ^53?cT% TO: I

73. fafartf <>hft iRr ^3*cr% to: i
f"cr%M?r;fr iRr vf*X to: i

74. ^w^^r^Ti^'RrFrR'ft^sfHn^ *nb %fa m^ex to: i

75. ^#sJrsf;r*if ^w. ^% qr^f to: i

76. w: fRr str^ct^i to: i

77. sjn^qfq^: ffa-srpjrf TO: I

Tr^fV^f ^fs 1 : farn-ft ^-zifOTffsfTr^f^ ^ftr <^s3p?i% to: i

78. wrafq^^^fafwr^TfrnFT: ^fa stfrT to: i

79. fi^Vcft ^«r SOTpFsr ff% stt^rT to: i

80. *%?: ?^C^T: sfg srcssfg^Jsr TO: I

81. fiFTfir wftr srref to: i

82. fas>W<pT Sfa WFf TO: I

83. ?RT%qT^^rr| ^% 5TFPT TO: I

*r?Tf^Tr wzt% *% feft»ig??r% to: i

84. *ft*fsraNnr iftr stffjT to: i

85. SFSTTqi^ST^TFIT ^% 3TT^T TT3: I

86. srfft ^f% STT^f TO: I

87. **rcT*T ^fcT 3TT^f TO: I

88. SPjRTC fftr ?TT?iif5^g%«j TO: I

89. pT<? 5n?R f% iTT^f TO: |

90. Prc^TftrgT'^q- ^% i) K%*d 3>q TO: !

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Totfarananda 285

91. errr sqrrf^d*i» =5r sfa %hwk to: i

92. msf 3^> *qrf^^%wr?nr *ni iPt siwf «rre: I

93. cTW^Tisfq-ftT^ ^f?T m*G? "TTS: I

94. *TTT*f f% "STES3?cl% "71^: I

95. sppRt?r?5 5^T ?f?r flT^rf tts: i

96. ^*pf ^nnPTfT *rrar wftr ?tt^t tts: i

97. wi d Ph r» ^j^t^tt^: ?ftr src^ tfs: i

98. «nrE^Tf:rsrni*r »«* 7Tstef fNtoj*?^ ^>T<FPRn-f i

99. s%^ fNrcf *£5 l% amr^ qrs: i

100. ^: ^r «TKsq;iF<T% qrs: i
g-^V ?f?r f§r?fai3*;=r% «tts: i

101. spqw Ttpj: #?TT: wfcT STPFT 7TS: I

102. ^"frar if?r stfp^: tts: i

103. *PT?: ^RTP^r^TT: ff<r ijtot TTS: |

104. SHsfT: ^Tf?«T: f f%f ?TT^^ "TTS: I

105. ff?IT ffiT WTPFC TTS: 1

106. 5p>sNNT ff>T STT^t ^ fe?ftJI<3*a% TTS: t

107. ^PT: *fsiT«Tf«T ^T WW^ TTS: I

108. *'==r^ jtrftwt:" qrstsjf stfpt ^ftTsnaRF t

109. *ur <4>t'frt'fr-w r qw'ren": ?fa srpfrf <tts; i

1 10. sqramft qpp^pfr: ?% snPFT trs: i

in. "ci H^M T fa'frioi «i^fm" "roter fecftar g pggr^

112. sPTFcTftFRT^ ff ^Rr STFFf <TT5: I

113. ^wrfrofiFft ^fa m^t TTS: I

114. * i vn«i i <f*T firgraT: ?fo stpft tis: i

CHAPTER 18

1

2

^frfwftc^Tt ^T: STelT ^TcT^T: VX* II \ II

Matsya (Fish)

Fish is unctuous, hot, sweet and heavy. It helps in the
elimination of stool, urine and flatus. It is aphrodisiac. It
promotes strength and alleviates vdyu.

sirmmT^TgT^t ^r stccrF'ftaf *% ^fkm: irii

It aggravates kapha and ^/ffa and promotes strength as
well as plumpness. It is exceedingly useful for persons who
indulge in exercise and walk in excess and also for those who
have a strong power of digestion.

sFq-rarjrw: *«n«pfapsft TTfcrfa?rf>g; i

6
TtF^rT: ^T^iTRt <SR> ^"ftpRltfef^ Tl ^ II

Ayurveda Saukhyam of To^ardnanda 287

Rohita

Rohita fish is. astringent in anurasa (subsidiary taste) and
sweet. It alleviates vayu and does not aggravate pitta in
excess. It is the best among all the types of fiah. It is aphro-
disiac and it cures ardita (facial paralysis).

Nandikavarta and Sakula

Nandik&varta fish is astringent, sweet, un-unctuous,
visada (non-slimy), appetiser, light and constipative.

The Sakula type of fish is slightly inferior.

9

Pafhina

The pafhina fish aggravates kapha and is aphrodisiac.
It resorts to sleep in excess and eats the meat of other animals.
It causes raktapitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from
different parts of the body) and kugfha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy).

10

'»J**ft WJfTC: 5HP <ft» l cmifctkl» ttgyT: I

^£#: sriw mm T^TTorrfg; f^Tmi u % u

i^rwgf etc.

■5/TigF, madgura, sanku, gomattya, ali and trikanfaka — all
these type of fish have spikes. These spikes are poisonous.
But the fish when eaten is non-poisonous.

288 Materia MeaHca

^<TFTT: fatt fli MTwr^wrt cfjcKR^ m: II vs 1 1

.£/7J£f fish alleviates vayu. It is unctuous, aggravator of
kapha, astringent and bitter. Therefore, it is lighter than others
in this group.

fife$ wgft w&ft WF&zft WglTt ITS: I

Madgura

The madgura fish is sweet in vipdka. It is aphrodisiac,
alleviator of vayu and heavy.

A/?pa matsya

Kfsna matsya is heavy and un-unctuous. It alkviates
vcyw and aggravates kapha.

12
*aarftm?^rt »J?: faprsft *F2?Ft ¥ST [?] qw *T I

The a// fish is heavy, unctuous and pungent.

13

lyfe'Tt 'T^ftTT^ns^ft ^TcRrST*: II £ It

Pryu

The pryu type of fish is heavy and unctuous. It aggra-
vates kapha and alleviates vayu.

14

15*

Ayurveda Sauk hyam of Todardnanda 2H9

Illisa

The illisa type of hbh is sweet and unctuous. It aggra-
vates pitta as well as kapha. It is useful for persons who
indulge in sex in excess It excessively stimulates the power of
digestion.

16

Balanga

The balanga type of fish is unctuous, sweet, wind forming,
light and cooling.

sfrtcs^T *pjn ^^rr ^s^ft stFTfrrfepfV i

Prosfika

The proifikd type of fish is sweet and aphrodisiac. It is
an excellent alleviator of vdyu.

17

Nandivarta and DIrgha tundaka

The nandivarta type of fish is heavy and unctuous. It
alleviates voyw and aggravates kapha. It is astringent and
sweet.

The ditgha tundaka type of lish shares the properties of
nandivarta.

The bhdskara type of fish is sweet and un-unctuous. It
aggravates vdyu.

290 Materia Medica

5lf?ft *H3 WOT iTR^q- 5PSt<T?T: \

Sakula

The sakula type of fish is heavy and un-unctuous. It
aggravates vdyu.

The sailmdhu type of fish is aggravator of kapha,
aphrodisiac, sweet in xipdka and heavy.

The gargabha type of fish is sweet and unctuous. It
alleviates vayu and aggravates kapha.

Imvdka

The imvdka type of fis>h does not obstruct the channels of
circulation and it cures pinasa (chronic rhinitis).

Imbikd

The imbikd type of iis>h does not obstruct the channels of
circulation. It is sweet and it increases plasma.

W%3: »tdMr^l^ ffTfgqfr *t*ftfScrT. II U II

Small fish

Different types of small fish are light and constipative.
They are useful m grahcap. (sprue syndrome).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 29 1

F.ggs

The eggs of fish, tortoise and birds are sweet and
aphrodisiac.

If the egg of birds is prepared along with egg of fish, then
it becomes unctuous, promoter of corpulence and heavy. It
increases kapha and fat, promotes strength, produces fatigue
and cures meha (obstinate urinary disorders including
diabetes).

Dry fish

The dry fish produces wind in the colon. It does not
promote strength and it is difficult of digestion.

Putrified fish

The fish which is putrified should not be eaten. It
aggravates all the dosas.

Burnt fish

The burnt fish is excellent in property. It is nourishing
and strength promoting.

19
*dm *TfTT Tc**TT *p«ft 4Hidl4*i; I

292 Materia Medica

River fish

The fish collected from river is sweet and heavy. It allevi-
ates vayu and cures rakta pitta (a disease characterised by bleed-
ing from different parts of the body). It is hot, aphrodisiac and
unctuous. It produces less of stool. It is astringent in anurasa
(subsidiary taste). The river fish feed on grass and moss.

Pond fish

The fish collected from big and small ponds is unctuous
and sweet in taste.

20

■QWff^T fW$mm TT^Tf^^T^rgS^T. II R° II

Sea fish

The fish collected from sea is heavy, unctuous and sweet.
It does not aggravate pitta in excess It is hot, alleviator of vayu
and aphrodisiac. It increases stool and semen. Tt is an excellent
promoter of strength because the sea fish feed on the meat of
other animals.

srgsSrwft m%m ^wrecr^nfrrni: i

In comparison to sea fish, the river fish is more nourishing
and better in quality.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 293

Well fish

The fish of cunda (a big well without boundary wall) and
well is better than the sea fish and river fish because the former
is a strong alleviator of vdyu. The fish of vdpi (a big well with
a boundary wail and a stair case) i?, b.tter than the fish of
cunda and kupa because the former is unctuous and sweet in
vipdka.

•fpiwr ^RT W*m f$\W% *TP-*TT: ff?n: l'

ttptstrt wrfg T**rr spf? ^tjett ii « n

Fish in different seasons

In hemanta (early winter), fish from a well is useful and in
sisira (later part of winter) fi h from big ponds is useful. In the
spring season, river fish is most useful and in summer season,
fish collected from lake is useful. In rainy season, fish collected
from small ponds is wholesome and in autumn, fish from
springs is useful.

Different parts of fish

The rivei fish i- heavy in the middle of its body because
it moves with the help of the tail and the mouth. In the case
of fish from the big and small ponds, the Head is heavy.

21

The fish which does not travel long distances inside the

294 Materia Medica

water is harmful. Leaving a small portion behind the head,
this fish is very heavy.

22

srarrrre'R^T w^t *tc?jtt. srcfer *nrerr. i

23

[g«r,?r: $*re«rff v^ : ?^-^v]

The lower part of the pond fish is heavy. Because it
moves through the help of its chest, its front portion is light.

24

25 26

gEFTZT: ?«H%TT *T ?f : *Th«m 5WP?=ET ^ I R^l I
27 28

29

Heaviness

The fish of a big size is generally heavy. In comparison
to the fish which is very active, the one with a sluggish move-
ment is heavy. In comparison to the young ones, the old fish
is heavier. The male fish is heavier than the female. In com-
parison to the fish having a soft body, the one having a
compact body is heavier. In comparison to the birds which
move in the sky, the animals which move on the ground are
heavier. Those which feed on heavy and on un-unctuous
articles in large quantities and those having accumulated fat
are heavier.

STffTvq- TpJ Wtw. mm snf«T?rt *rw I

30
Tefrc£<TTf?fT'Rr k$& WT^sq^ II ^£ ||

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 295

Male and female animals

Among birds the males are the best. Among quadrupeds
the females are the h st, The hind poriiun of the body of
the males is light- The front portion of the body of female
animals is light. The middle portion of the body of animak
is generally heavy. In the case of birds, their middle portion
is better because the feathers attached to it help in its
movement.

'wit ^ fnr-*^^r?wi^^PT i

31
32

Different parts

In all animais the he«d, neck, spleen, skin, liver, anus,
feet, brain, tail, colon, testicles, pelvic region (kroda), airy
portion {samirami) and tissue element-, like blood are progres-
sively heavier.

13

tr^MTf-Rr i'i' _ i^ ^rrsri/ T'rf^ir si 2? n

;ppir n* 7H c f : -TT[ir? r . -frfiprnT n 3=> 11

Habitat

The meat of birds inhabiting desert i-> light and alle-
viator of vayu. r ihc meat of birds which feed on fish aggra-
vates pitta and alleviates vayu. It is heavy. The meat of birds
which live on water is alleviator of A .?/>/«/, light and un-
unctuoas The meat of birds vvhuT, eat the meat of other
animals is nourishing, heavy and alleviator of vayu.

tl ^fa" ipssra*? 11

296 Materia Medica

Thus ends the group dealing with various types of meat
and fish.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

2. ^tt i f?T srr^^T qrs: i

6. ^;nsf%crrf^T ^f?r srrqR qrc: i

7. TFfte: ffar <src5<pr% 7T3: I

9. ^rjfar fq-rf' gro^ti ^T>f?r =? sf?r mw>^ q"T5. i

10 JT^q-Tryf^ tit sffT STPW" TT5: I

• - o

12. srfenc^fr it- fr?r*sr. ^mm w& rrsr =w %fa *rppf tfs. i

1 3. iprspsqT T* fcT«f: ^JT'TT ^Ta"5TT5?T?r: ffcT 5TFP"f ITS:

14. Tf^^T T^f fw?«*. fTTfi; ^TCtr^T^ 3% ^j^-T qrj. I

1 5. ^rf^f^W'T" Sf>T iTT'7'"" ITS' I

16. t^t f^^crfn ^fsr^iWi^. sfa vnw^ qvs. i

1 7. 5=f^FT ?fW <T r 3'I?='!% TT3 I

18. qfefrriwr. sfa fem^rR? tts: i

19. tritt *strrr *re?ir T^^ftsf^Fr^rr^r^TT: i

TrBfqrf«F r T 3[t?n: fTfT'sftOTTT: ^T^NNr: ¥ffT ^rFFSPSTSr TT5: I

20. S>s*P?sfaT. ff?T WITT qps: 1

21. sr^fton ^jn^^TrfPFfRTFr^T: if?r ww? tts: i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 297

22. ??W^Wi: %fa vrmr? TT5: \

23. S^t f^^TojTfT ¥TT ^fa" mT.T <TO: I

24. wzmmvn: *T7m fwzriW'HT2c , T%fecTT: ^fn sffpt qrs: i

25. f^Fir: ?fi=r «rnp^ qrs: i

26. f^rspf^r iffT *TT^ TT5: I

27. fifsfp^T if*'* 5 ** f"T"nf Ts^r ^prr ^% ws q?^% qrs: i

28. *r*fT vnij sfa wrav- t^. t

29. ^p^TT: sfa STT^^"" TTS: 1

30. ^Wgzvti 3% STFPT qnrs: t

31. ?nftfw: iftr zrrvf its: i

32. ir^^T^fra": ^ft *ffi>t qrs: i

33. ^r5nf"jrm ffT ep^. <$*;=!% qrs: i

CHAPTER 19

1
'w*4 T^m wsp m?rz4 mfz ^Vtw i

fr^srFW ^tfwd ^ mfTmfsRlfsr ^ 'I ? II

Dddima (Pomegranate)

Dadima is sour, astringent, sweet, alleviator of vayu,
eonstipative, stimulant of digestion, unctuous, hot and cardiac
tonic. It does not aggravate kapha and pitta.

It is of two types viz., sweet and sour. The sweet variety
alleviates all the three tfoyas and the sour variety alleviates vayu
as well as kapha.

2

3

srrxfrnrr^ ^Nr ?mt?| srnmfT ^ II 3 II

Ayurveda Saukhyarit of Todarananda 299

NTpa etc.,

Nlpa, valtika, pilu, trtiasunya, vikankata and prdcmdmalaka
alleviate dosas and cure visa (poisoning).

Karkandhu, Kola & Badara (Jojoba fruit)

Karkandhu, kola and hadara are sour and they alleviate
vayu as well as kapha.

Ripe fruits alleviate pitta and voyw. They are unctuous,
sweet and laxative.

Dry fruits (puraria) alleviate tft (morbid thirst) and Srama
(physical fatigue). They are light and digestive stimulant.

ft "*

Tender fruits cau>e rc/A/a /»///« (a disease characterised by
bleeding from different parts of the bod\K TIie v vit'ate pitta.
The matured fruits are laxatKe

5

fTw.fanfa ^rT c 5T t-tswst ^*\j it "5. n'

.fwra (Mango)

J/wra is cardiac tonic. It promotes complexion, appe-
tite, semen and strength. It does not aggravate pitta and
alleviates vayu.

The ripe antra is laxative and heavy. It is astringent in

300 Materia Medica

auurasa (subsidiary taste). Tt increases digestive power, kapha
and semen.

6

?r^r ^sr% «rw w* wtctst tt^ n « u

/i/wra which has become ripe in the tree itself is heavy
and it is an excellent alleviator of vayu. It is sweet, sour and
slightly laxative. It slightly aggravates pitta.

7 8

/fmra which is ripened by artificial means alleviates pitta.
'sippra'' ^frnrmf -fan ?w^ i'

Dry mango is astringent, sour and purgative. It aggra-
vates kapha and vayu.

9

If ripe amra is taken by sucking (cosana), then it is
appetiser, promoter of strength and energy, light and cooling.
It gets digested early. It alleviates vayu and pitta. It is
laxative.

10

sTf^T-TTrtsifr^ fgw: ^t^^ ii \° n

The juice extracted out of it is a promoter of strength,
heavy, alleviator of vayu, laxative, ahrdya (which is not
cardiac tonic), exceedingly tarpana (refreshing), nourishing and
aggravator of kapha.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 301

TfT fww *Fq- srft^r ^FFrrsR*r u n n

Along with sugar, the mango juice becomes very heavy.
It is an appetiser. It gets* digested very late. It is sweet,
nourishing, strength promoting, cooling and alleviator of
vayu.

Along with milk, the mango juice alleviates vayu and
pitta. It is appetiser, nourishing, strength promoting,
aphrodisiac, promotor of complexion delicious, heavy and
cooling.

11
JTJcrFrsypf farmer ^ 'tt-ttr ^s^raft^ ^ i

wT"5rrf?T5T>»fr ^iFnwi m ^rnfa *r* JTRfa rnfr Tremr 1 1 ? 3 1 1

12
13

Mango used in large quantities causes manddnala (sup-
pression <if the power of digestion), visama para (irregular
fever>, raUJmaya (diseases of biood) haddhagudodara (obstinate
type of abdominal disease caused by obstruction in the rectum)
and eye diseases Therefore, one should not consume mango
in excess. This description relates to sour variety of mango
and does not apply to sweet variety of mango because the
latter is exceedingly useful for eyes and in similar other
conditions.

14

, 5r?ftj r 3T5 c FT?r Frrsrsnwwfffw*! i

302 Materia Medica

If mango is to be used in excess then milk should be
used after it as anupdna. It can also be taken with jiraka or
sauvarcala type of salt.

15

WT^^t ^p^ WTOM^ ?f?T«r?T: II ?^ II

Ammvarta

If the juice of ripe n ango is spread over a thick piece of
cloth and made to dry in sun by repeatedly adding additional
quantity of juice, then this is called dmravarta.

16

T.vq: Sfqf^fa. qrT=Ft Bf^ Tft^Rp. II ^ ||

It alleviates /ft?« (morbid thirst), chardi (vomiting), vayu
and pitta. It is laxative and appetiser. If it is dried in the
sun's rays, then it becomes light.

s«i««iW wr s^^^rnTrraprrr i

[^r^EpprsT: srrarrf^^R-if vs : ?v-? a ]

The seed of mango is astringent, it cures chardi (vomi-
ting) and rfbdnz (diarrhoea). It is slightly sour and sweet
It cures hfdaya daha (burning sensation in the chest).

Amrataka (Hog plum)

Amrata is sour, alleviator of vayu, heavy, hot, appetiser
and laxative.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todararumda 303

19 26

21

srqur [sRTirpr] frjfrtj ^ir href*.? ipom I
*p> fr.^ JT«i-q-fT*;H?[rrlfciqraN?f II to li'

The ripe fruit is astringent, sweet in taste and vipaka,
cooling, refreshing, aggravator of i apha, unctuous, aphrodisiac,
constipative. nourishing. heav> and strength promoting. It
alleviates veiyu and pitta. It ture> ksata (phthisis', daha
(burning .syndrome), ksaya (consumption) and vitiation of
blood.

22

Lakuca (Monkey fruit)

Lakuca is heavy, wind forming in the stomach and aggra-
vator of dosas. It vitiates st men.

23

Karamardaka (Carisss car&ndus Linn.)

Karamardaka is sour and it cures /r?a (morbid thirst). It
is appetiser and it aggravates pitta.

\^^^zTFm q-^rspT * t : srfta^crrs:]

Amlavetasa (Garcmia pedurtculata Roxfo.)

Amlavetasa is exceedingly sour. It is sharp, unctuous
and digestive stimulant.

304 Materia Medica

Tintidika (Rhus parviflora Roxb.)

Tintidika alleviates vayu and produces ama, pitta as well
as kapha.

24

mm™* ^t^ fir' "j?^ ^^Tfrfr i

Fully matured fruit of it is, constipative, hot, digestive
stimulant, cardiac tonic and alleviator of kiipha as well as vayu.

Amlika and Kosdmra (Tamarindus indica Linn. & Schleichera

oleossa Merr.)

The ripe fruit of amlika has all the properties of tintidika.
In addition, it is a purgative.

Kofamra is slightly inferior in quality.

%m<j 3E?rer5*rK5f sfrftRrftrTfFq; i

Airavata and Dantasatha

Airavata and dantasatha are sour and they cause ionita
pitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from different parts
of the body).

5|JTf;sr rrgV =fiT7T fasrc ^TfTJ^nT I

Naranga (Orange)

The fruit of naranga is fragrant, sweet, sour, viiada (non-
slimy), appetiser, difficult of digestion, alleviator of vayu and
heavy.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 305

•fawwwar arnrwr twjt im^ w\ i

Nimbuka (Lime fruit)

Nimbuka is sour, alleviator of voyu, carminative, digestive
stimulant and light.

25

^^^W?^%^^^FTf^P"*ri? II R\ II

Raja nirhhu

The fi mt of rajanimbu is sweet and heavy. It alleviates
pitta and vayu. It cures //■,$/?« (morbid thirst), suki (colic pain),
kaphotklesa (salivation), chardi (vomiting) and hasa (asthma).

Jumbira (Citrus limon Linn. Buna, f.)

Jarhbira alleviates vayu and kapha and relieves consti-
pation. It is heavy and it aggravates pitta.

*F€W tfiT.znm^VTKT fTrpPTTJT^ II *% II

Karuna

Karuna alleviates kapha, vayu and amadosa. It aggravates
pitta.

5T^tst^cT^ g'sr 'Trg^TjJ^^T'T II R^ II
Mahdunga (Citron)

Mdtulunga cures kdsa (bronchitis), ivasa (asthma), aruci
(anorexia) and tr$na (morbid thirst). It cleanses the throat. It is
light, sour, digestive stimulant and cardiac tonic.

306 Materia Medica

Tvaktikta

rvaktikii is difficult to digest. It alleviates vdyu and cures
Lrmi (parasitic infection) as well as visa (poisoning). It is sweet,
cooling and heavy.

The unripe fru.t of it is cooling and it alleviates vdyu and
pitta.

Sfcpf **% ¥WrfK "pTTsffar % %5TC*J II *S. II

Kesara

Kesara promotes intellect. It cures siila (colic pain),
vitiation of vdyu, chardi /vomiting) vitiation of kapha and
arocaka (anorexia). It is digestive stimulant, light and consti-
pative. It cures gulma (phantom tumour) and arias (piles).

^STF3fT<jffe^'q l <T HFOsft MTO*m£r II 3° II

Madhu karkafi (Sweet lime)

Madhu karkafi shares the properties of kesara. In addition,
it is aphrodisiac. It cures siila (colic pain), ajirna (indigestion)
and vibandlia (constipation). It is useful in suppression of the
power of digestion and in vitiation of kapha as well as vdyu.

Its juice is indicated in aruci (anorexia), svdsa (asthma)
and kdsa (bronchitis).

'wm *np <n% #s*rsr *p sficFr^ 113? n

28

Ayuneda Saukhyam of Todarananda 307

27

Kapittha (Wood apple)

The unripe fruit of kapittha is astringent, sweet in vipdka,
aggravator of kapha, heavy and cooling. It causes impairment
of the throat. It is visa ?a (non-slimy), constipative and aggra-
vator of vayu. In view of its sweet, sour and astringent tastes
and fragrance, it is an appetiser.

=T?=r Tf^r st^tm fas?? ?fTfs? *pffqr r

The ripe fruit of kapittha alleviates dosas. It is viSada
(non-slimy), constipative and heavy.

Jariibu { Jaraun fruit)

Jambu aggravates vayu It is un-unctuous and consti-
pative. It alleviates pitta and kapha.

28

Tinduka (EHospyros tomentosa Roxb.)

Tinduka is astringent, sweet and heavy. It aggravates
pitta and kapha.

STPTfTTT?^ W^ fsTETTH *TS stf^^ II 3* II

Pnyala (Buchanania lanzan Spreng.)

Priyala alleviates vayu and pitta. It is aphrodisiac,
heavy and cooling.

29

308 Materia Medica

Parpatika (Physalis minima Linn.)

The fruit of parpatika is astringent, sweet and sour. It
aggravates vayu but not in excess. It also aggravates kapha
and piita.

30

'fsTrfasresr %rr *r* factor 5fr?wT i

[garjcT: ^T Y^ : ?^]

Aw/

The fruit of k sin tree is heuvv, wind forming in stomach
and cooling. It is astringent, sweet and sour. It does not
aggravate vayu in excess.

31

Phalgu (Ficus hispida Linn, f.)

Phalgu is wind forming, sweet, unctuous, refreshing and
heavy.

Bimbi (Coccinia indica W. & A.)

The fruit of 6//n6f alleviates pitta as well us blood and
cures kasa (bronchitis), svdsa (asthma) and ksaya (consump-
tion).

Sami (Prosopis spicigera Linn.)

The fruit of saml is heavy, delicious, un-unctuous and
hot. It causes the hair to fall.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Tadararmnda 309

Mnhikd ( Vitts vinifvra Linn.)

Mrdvikd is ?-weet, unctuou% cooling, aphrodisiac and laxa-
tive. It cures rakta pitta t a disease characterised by bleeding
from different parts if the bod}), jv, ra (fn\er)„ s>u$a (asthma),
trsnii (moibid thnM). ddha iburnmc vvndrome) and ksaya
(consumption).

32

The gostani type of drdksd shares all the above mentioned
properties. In addition, it is heavy, aphrodisiac and alleviator
of kapha.

It has another varietj which is without seed.s. This is
smaller in si/e. It shares all the properties of gostani type of
drdksd.

33

Drdksd which grows on hills is, light and sour. It produces
kapha and < auses amia pitta (hyperacidity in stomach).

4 35

'mm 1 ?! Tit 3TOT *q f i^^Tn^-MWi: I
All green drill wv aggravate pitta and kapha.

J6

s to wi ' <H' wtf wpnrcr» ^ i^tP* w u e\ 11

"i7

trKfrptf^ THfiif^r FTf'TT'r^Tfirr *t i

310 Materia Medica

Drak$a, Karira etc.,

The sour variety of drak§a, karira, karkandhu, badara,
aruka and parusaka aggravate kapha and pitta. The sweet
variety among them alleviates pitta.

f«=prer f^xfi^^w.^^^n^^trfwi ii v^ ii

Kadali (Musa paradisiaca Linn.)

Kadali js sweet, cooling and wind forming. It aggravates
kapha. It is unctuous. It alleviates pitta and blood. It cures
ddha (burning syndrome), k?ata (phthisis) and ksaya (consump-
tion). It alleviates vayu.

The unripe kadali is un-unctuous, heavy and cooling.
The ripe kadali is sweet and it alleviates pitta and vayu.

38

Kasmarya (Gmelina arborea Linn )

The fruit of ka&nwiya is cardiac tonic. It relieves
retention of urine. It alleviates pitta, blood and vayu. It is
promoter of good hair, rejuvenating and promoter of intellect.

39

•era-SRTFr^ fsr* f^of grow 3^ 1"

40 41

Ayurveda Sauk hyam of Toaarananda 31 1

Kharjftiti ( Phoenix SjlYestrts Roxb.)

Kharffu't; cures '</ u (phthMs) and Ixava (consumption).
It is cardiac tonic, nourishing, refreshing heavy, unctuous,
aphrodisiac and sw jet. Tt cure rah h< pitta (a disease charact-
erised by bleeding from different parts of "he body).

42

*F1?"V Ul-W^rm "JKHT-'lfejJFFTT 1

43

'TPT^r^f^farwfTiTT %5t vr^rf^r TJT^*? tl *S II

Kharjuri ( Phoenix dactylifcr linn.)

Kharjurt is like the udder of a. cow. It has come to this
country from other islands. In the we-tern part of this country
it is called sakharika.

44 45

Another v;.net\ of it is called pinda khurjurikd and it
grows in that country alo. 1 he third \ariet> is very small in
size and it grows even where.

•*nf^fafT 5fi<=r jt*t» 'srw-n i

fairer >.f^ff;x g-?j ypc^jj^y ips ]| Yt; »|

Hrr -T.':m^ if' ■?! F-i^spyysr i

46 4 "

^"ifTHT'Ti^- t ji^gH'vm?* ii '«. ii

4.1 4J "

jWTf*r r T|fT s ,TTfrcn r fT J T?5rTTfq^T"TI'T I

J 50
TT^ : s??fTtJ--f-T^TT?T^T^?I'sTf-5r^ II V,o |1

All these thiei \:unlies of A lutrjuti are cooling and sweet
both in taste and upaku. "I "lies are unctuous, appetiser and
cardiac tonic. lhe> cure rtata (phthbis) and ksaya (consum-
ption) The> aie hca\\ and nnnrishir« They cure rak ta pitta

312 Materia Medica

(a disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body). They cause corpulence and wind formation in the
stomach. They produce more of semen, wind in the colon and
strength. They alleviate external vayu and kapha. They cure
para (fever), abhighdta (injury), ksut (morbid hunger), tfsnd
(morbid thirst), kasa (bronchitis), svdsa (asthma) mada (intoxi-
cation), murcha (fainting), vitiation of vayu as well as pitta,
madatyaya (alcoholism) and vitiation of blood.

51

The fruit of kharjurikd which is smaller in size is inferior
in quality in comparison with others.

52 53

The juice of the tree of kharjurikd causes mada (intoxi-
cation) and aggravation of pitta. It alleviates vayu and kapha.
It is appetiser, digestive stimulant and promoter of strength
and semen.

The pith (majjd) of this tree from the top of the trunk is
cooling, aphrodisiac and alleviator of pitta as well as blood. It
cures ddha (burning syndrome).

54

5T<S^FT sftrB PrTWRcT'mR'Rr II KR II

Madhuka (Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel.)

The flower of madhuka is sweet, cooling, heavy and
nourishing. It promotes strength and semen and alleviates pitta
as well as vayu.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 313

55

56
STf^' ?f??T ^qp^Tg^T^rer^SFTSTR II '<? It'

[>rnrsr:?rrer: sn^rrf^^^r^'f a : £V€a»]

Its fruit is cooling, heavy and sweet. It increases semen
and alleviates vayu as well as pitta. It is not good for the
heart. It cures trsd (morbid thirst), vitiation of blood, ddha
(burning syndrome), svasa (asthma), ksata (phthisis) and ksaya
(consumption).

*3TcZF f T'ftsr?srfT ^qT5TT57¥ ZW I

Pariisaka (Grewia asiatica Linn.)

The unripe pariisaka is extremely sour, slightly sweet,
astringent in anurasa (subsidiary taste) and light. It alleviates
vayu and aggravates pitta.

The ripe pariisaka is sweet and it alleviates vayu as well
as pitta.

Tdla (Borassus flabellifer Linn.)

Tola alleviates vayu and pitta. It is aphrodisiac. It cures
krmi (parasitic infection), kustha (obstinate skin diseases inclu-
ding leprosy) and rakta pitta (a disease characterised by bleeding
from different parts of the body). It is sweet. These are its
seven attributes.

314 Materia Medica

The seed of tala is sweet in vipdka. It is diuretic and it
alleviates vdyu and pitta.

53

59
ipfr ^1^ ^ ^FSTf^wi^*^} II V,^ II

The ripe tala fruit aggravates pitta, blood and kapha. It
is difficult o f digestion and is exceedingly diuretic. It causes
tandra (drowsiness) and abhisyanda (obstruction to the channels
of circulation). It produces more of semen.

60

5%BTT5ft srrafTrpar: W&fl *S^: WH: II Vs II

The pulp of tender tala is slightly intoxicating and light.
It aggravates kapha and alleviates vdyu and pitta. It is unctuous,
sweet and laxative.

61

?r^^ *rer ^mf^^frsr^sppr u k^ ii'

The water of the tender tala is exceedingly intoxicating.
When it becomes sour, then it aggravates pitta and alleviates
vdyu.

m*rw t^ct^ ?3Tg: ^fer^fesR qr*r i

The head of the trunk of this tree is sweet and it cleanses
the urinary bladder.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 315

62

Ndrikela (Coconut)

The fruit of narikela is cooling and difficult of digestion.
It cleanses the urinary bladder and causes wind formation in the
stomach. It is nourishing and strength promoting. It alleviates
vayu, pitta and blood. It cures daha (burning syndrome).

The water of the tender coconut is generally purgative.
It cures trsna (morbid thirst) and alleviates pitta.

cpfw w^n ^rr§ TTT^r^f w^ ^r^m; i

63

Panasa (Jack fruit)

The ripe fruit of panasa is cooling and unctuous. It alle-
viates pitta and vayu. It is refreshing, nourishing, delicious
and promoter of muscle tissue. It aggravates kapha in excess.
It promotes strength and semen and cures rak ta pitta (a disease
characterised by bleeding from different parts of the body),
ksta (phthisis) and Isaya (consumption)

64 65

<JTff^T^: 3**t ^SrcftfsrasFrJT ti %~r n

The unripe fruit of panasa is wind forming, aggravator
of vayu, astringent and heavy. It causes burning sensation. It
is sweet and strength promoting. It increases kapha and fat.

316 Materia Medica

66

67

*T^f<T ^^Tf*T «*E*P*Tf*T*nfH ^11 ^3 II '

The seeds of panasa are aphrodisiac, sweet and heavy.
It causes retention of stool and helps in the elimination of
urine and flatus.

'*T55TT 3TqTfa fTrPSTf 1«T: S^s^nfT^TTf : I

68

Its pulp alleviates pitta. It is aphrodisiac. It also alleviates
kapha and vayu. Persons who are suffering from gulma (phantom
tumour) and those having poor power of digestion should
specifically avoid panasa.

ikfoca (Musa paradisiaca Linn. Var. sapientum Kuntze)

Moca is sweet in taste and astringent. It is not cooling
in excess. It cures rakta pitta (a disease characterised by bleed-
ing from different parts of the body). It is aphrodisiac, appe-
tiser, aggravator of kapha and heavy.

69

Slesmdtaka (Cordia myxa Roxb.)

The fruit of slesmataka is aggravator of kapha, sweet,
cooling and heavy.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 317

70

Puskara (Lotas fruit)

The fruit of puskara is sweet, wind forming, strength pro-
moting, aggravator of kapha and heavy.

71

Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.)

The fruit of udumbara is constipative and it alleviates vdyu
as well as pitta.

"jpr?; ^ zpqjq set ft^Tsf *nrrii WFJ^*T I

'f**n6"^T ^ ^^TTT fw? ^5T^5q% II ^ ll"

Valuka is sweet, astringent, unctuous and constipative.
It produces sturdiness of teeth and it is visada (non-slimy). It
is sweet in vipdka and aphrodisiac. It cures rakta pitta (a disease
characterised by bleeding from different parts of the body).

spqnrar fafff ^u% *£5 fw^^&PTfj; iivn

Tinduka (Diospyras tomentosa Roxb.)

Tinduka is astringent, delicious and heavy. It alleviates
pitta and kapha.

72

318 Materia Medica

Priyala (Buchanania lanzan Spreng.)

The pulp of priyala is sweet and aphrodisiac. It alleviates
pitta and vayu.

73

Vibhitaka (Terminalia belerica Roxb.)

The pulp of the seed of vibhitaka produces intoxicating
effect and it alleviates kapha as well as vayu.

Kola (Zizyphus jujuba Lam.)

The pulp of the seed of different types of kola is astringent
and sweet. It alleviates pitta.

74

Amalaka (Kmblica officinalis Gaertn.)

The pulp of the seed of amalaka cures trsna (morbid
thirst), chardi (vomiting) and vitiation of vayu.

SWFg- V&isfaftvK: ftfRST. farnf'TSITT^: IIV9?ll'

Bijapuraka, Sampaka and Kosamra

The pulp of the seed of bijapuraka, sampaka and kos~amra
is sweet in vipaka. It produces digestive power and strength.
It is unctuous and it alleviates pitta and vayu.

75

Vadama (Almond)
Vadama is hot, exceedingly unctuous, alleviator of vdyu

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 319

and heavy. It promotes semen formation.

76

f^ift ^^sar. §fkror sfanfa" ii '^ ii

The pulp of the seed of vadama is sweet, aphrodisiac,
alleviator of pitta and vdyu, unctuous, hot and aggravator of
kapha It should not be given to patients suffering from
rakta pitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from different
parts of the body). It is nourishing, heavy and appetiser.

77

Pulp in general

The pulp of the seeds generally follow the properties of
their respective fruits.

78 73

so
5T#?fN" <W ^^TJTfiRf^^ ^ II V3K ll'

Bad fruits

Fruits afflicted with diseases and kftni (parasitic infection),
fruits which are over ripened and which are unseasonal and
fruits which are not fully matured should be rejected.

ii ffar w^ ii

Thus ends the group dealing with different types of
fruits.

320 Materia Medica

NOTES 'AND REFERENCES

2. *zm^ sftr WW*, tts: i

3. TKBTTftr *% stfkt tts: I

5. ^af qtsn^sn?nre 1 T ?Rr «rr^r tts: i

6- ^rTCfRW ^fcT WfFcr^ TT5: I

7. (5) trfwm 4»^r ^frr m^x tts: i

8. ^^fcTfTHTSr^ ff?T 3TT^f TT5: 1

10. apqi^tfrr: ffcf fS5ftT3?5l% Tra: I

11. q-^Tfa^ %fa m^<£Z^ Trs: I

12. iTSpTCSPT*: I^T TT 3 !^ <TIS: I

13. ^arfpf c^T?rr ff?r WFFf <TTS: I

14. ^^^StsgRTT wRf 5TPPT TT3: I

15. TS ifcl 5TWT TR). I

16. ?rr r ErT^rf^'sn'®f%^T?rf t r : rr§x:: ^fcr srwf <rra: i

17. Tresieer^r ^far srr^f 7re; i

18. ?r ff #f^r?r: ffcr *m»f tts: i

19. T% «TT% ffa" STTfrf TTS: I

20. **rcPT f fa STT^f TTS : I

2i. *5T*5r fffT %?fnrg?gr% qrre: i

22. facffa' ffcT W^T TT5: I

23. qwrrr^ ?f<r siw? tts: i

24. ¥§f ff% ?rr^T qrs: i

25. q^^r^^f ^arB«ri^rErf'TWKor»j; ifcr siwf tts: i

26. f%<sr^ sfcr fs?fo?s?5i% tts: i

27. *Tf^rRT^isiTirs^ ^TfsqT^r^fcTWT^f TT5: 1

28. fr^rswr^n ffg- ^5*3% tts: i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 321

29. '*&m *F>R*t' TOfsi f5tftJT$*5Pfr T>TW«Rt I

30. #T^<W 1% fs^J?^% 7T3: I

31. <R?*rsf 1% wnFT* TT5: I

32. ^wrcrTT *r?rr *fir stff? qrs: i

33. ^rrF^rPrfr^q; ffer "^33?^% m: i

34. *r?: ffir stt^t tts: i

35. fq-g-^TsreftTwr: sfa m^x tts: i

36. STsaT^fk^p^r^^TRirrewTTfir ifir srpfrf tts : 1

37. T^T^lfrr ^f?T sn^Ff TT3: I

38. irqfw^^^f ^f?r Tnsrqrs^tit mz: 1

39. ^fti^f 1% 5TFFT TT5: 1

40. ^q^T 1% ?TT^^ TTS: I

41. ^rsfi ^% srm^ TTS: I

42. T^^rrf^FRrT wf% srrerf tts:i

43. gwft%fcT ?% qr<553*?l% qrs: 1

44. FTWST^f^T f% ffcftq"5^T% 7TS: I

45. ^jsqir — 3rresr*FT5r: anrmfawsnf \s : ??s 1

46. ^>STRFrfS^ ^fcT STFSf TT5: I

47. ^T^^Trr^^TT^T f fcT WRF? TTC: I

48. ^TTfcr^ajTTson sfa tw^T tts: i

49. 'srcr^wfasrrc'PT 3% srnpf tts: 1

51. Tf?ft"«it W^tt ^T'srsff^r *^rr ^r stfft tts: i

52. ^fr^^ ^ t^ crT5: '

53. w%?r ^ftr STprf "tts- i

54. srRrfTTrf^TRFriT ^fa ?rrerf tts: i

55. ^T dP MTl ^ 5% amrf TT5: I

56. q<^s5rcrf^¥srasrqT5T ffa srrerf tts: 1

57. 5 Sfa SH^Pf 35: i

58. fq-TT^r^^fcr^^^friT ffa wnn^5i% tts: i

59. «RTTSfiTKF?^i^ ^fcT ?TT*FT "TO: !

322 Materia Medica

60. f+d^HSfTt ^fcT VfTW>\ TT3: 1

61. wf| **nft«rasfST5Rtor$^ ^Rr stct" its: i

62. fassfi^sn: fftr srrcsn^er^-q; <rre: i

63. TTRpTrr^TWirR ff?T STRrf <TT5: I

64. 5THp*njr ff?r srresrg;^ qrs: i

65. f^-^T'T fi% fgcftsrgscr^ ttc: i

66. T^^TjcRterrfr ff?r srr^f qrs: i

67. sr^rfsr^Tfa- ifcr stp?>t tts: i

68. s^sir*? — TTresr^Rr: sTrsTrfe^sTspf vs : ^s. i

69. faf 1% STTSFf TT5: I

70. *&*§X ^SPFr f% STFFT <TT5: I

71. 5ftfF^T tfi^T =!TTf^ f% STTSFT <U3: I

72. f*TZTT?rir«rr wf?r stfft q<ss<pcr% ^ qrre: i

73. twVgRTl" ffrT STFFT "TT5: I

74. ^irr^sf fT^r^T^r %fa m^f to: i

75. 'WRW^if f^crrfWPT^:' qTStsq- ^5 3*3% Ttq*mi% 1

76. '^^^r ^facrsfo:' TTsYsif ^^s3=rt% ?rt<m«Tcr i

77. sfof *Rf?T tfsr STFFT TO: 1

78. f^ft^r ^j%- m^x to: I

79. JTf^^*FT5T5r*T ff?r sn?5r3sg% qrs- i

80. swnrfrr?!^ ^f>r stt^t qra: i

CHAPTER 20

f qsi gsq «B*f tth if« w^rssi ?t«tt i

2

Saka (Vegetables)

Saka is of seven types, viz., leaf, flower, fruit, stalk,
rhizome and samsvedaja (those produced by moist heat). These
are progressively heavy.

^STTpT ^|^^!% g^f^'HTT^crrf'T *r II ^ II

Generally all types of saka are wind forming, heavy and
un-unctuous. They produce more of stool and help in the
elimination of stool and flatus.

^steitt *r#5fr«nsft aiNreft tt^t ffirr i

Jivantf (Leptadenia reticulata W. & A.)

Jvvanti promotes eyesight and alleviates all dosas. It is
sweet in taste and cooling.

324 Materia Medica

3

TantfulTyaka (Amaranthus spinosus Linn.)

Tandullyaka is sweet in vipaka and abhisyandi (which
obstructs the channels of circulation). It cures visa (poisoning).

4

'5r^r^Tr% f>f*r§T trsrrfT?r:g*r5r;§f;T. i

tfSTTT: m^tq&ft WTSgqft fhPT: STT: II V ||

Vastuka (Chenopodiam murale Linn.)

Vastuka is light for digestion. It cures krmi (parasitic
infection). It promotes intellect, power of digestion and
strength. It is alkaline. It alleviates all dosas and it is
appetiser and laxative.

5

6

Cili and Palankya (Chenopodium album Linn, and Spinacea

oleracea Linn.)

Cili shares the properties of Vastuka. Palankya shares
the properties of tandullyaka. In addition it aggravates vdyu
and causes retention of slool and urine. It is un-unctuous
and is useful in the aggravation of pitta and kapha.

7

'«H|*: *FPrr?rs?r: crr^n spwT«R: i
f^W?T: farT^T: 3%rfi: »PTSFnfo: II \ |l'

[^erws^nrw: mw%*s rr : ?-^]

Kasamardaka (Cassia occidentalis Linn.)
K&samardaka is sweet, alleviator of kapha and vdta and

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 325

carminative. It cleanses the throat. It specially alleviates pitta
and it is bitter in taste.

Kakajangha (Peristrophe bicalyculata Nees.)

Kakajangha cures visa (poisoning), rakta pitta (a disease
characterised by bleeding from different parts of the body),
bhrama (giddiness) and para (fever).

Methikd (Trigonella foecum-graecum Lino.)

Methika is wholesome, laxative and alleviator of all the
three dosas. It specifically alleviates vdyu.

'f%retaJEFPft chtt "Bwmr^ft ^t^ftY i'

[TFprsrsinrur: ssrppent R? : vs]

[fl^ssw, sn^wt '^ : =; 1
Kakamdcl (Solanum nigrum Linn.)

Kdkamacl alleviates all the three dosas. It is aphrodisiac
and rejuvenating. It is not very hot and is cold in potency.
It is purgative and it cures knstha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy).

Satina (Pisum sativum Linn.)

The saka of satina is slightly bitter. It alleviates all the
three dosas and it is pungent.

326 Materia Medica

ssnyrRTCi m^> g^t ^^ww* u 5. 11

Harimantha

The saka of harimantha is sweet in vipdka as well as in
taste. It is difficult of digestion.

Kalaya (Lathyrus sativus Linn.)

Kalaya is purgative, un-unctuous and sweet. It aggravates
vayu in excess.

*i*rawpwi> 5 fsrctaspnf w% 11 ?© u
v(Tf% ?r^r ft-^ir 5[|iiT?jfffq-^TfTirFfr 1

Rajaksavaka

The 5<2fca of rajaksavaka , alleviates all the three dosas. It
is light and constipative. It is specifically useful for patients
suffering from graham (sprue syndrome) and arsas (piles).

10
jpqTSTTWf^crT fa^ ?^T|f?RBT^T f^TT II ?? II

Mandukaparni and Gojihvakd (Centella asiatica Urban
and Launaea asplenifolia Hook, f.)

Mandukaparni is astringent and useful in pitta. It is
delicious, bitter in taste, cooling and light.

Gojihvakd has similar properties.

Sunisannaka (Marsilia minuta Linn.)

Sunisannaka does not produce burning sensation and it
alleviates all the three dosas. It is con§tipatjve,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 327

11

^WTT WTqTTSRT ^rfiRt ! 5|Tf*5T5ta?ft II ?3 II

Cahgeri (Oxalis corniculata Linn.)

Conger! cures grahani (sprue syndrome) and arias (piles).
It is sour and useful in the aggravation of vayu as well as kapha.
It is hot, astringent, sweet and digestive stimulant.

Kamcata

Kamcata alleviates vitiation of blood, pitta and vayu. It is
bitter.

12 13

Modaka
Modaka alleviates kapha and vayu and it is constipative.

Fiar««a and Prapunnata (Crataeva nurvala Buch. — Ham.
and Cassia tora Linn.)

The saka of varuna and prapunnata alleviates kapha. It is
un-unctuous, light, cooling and aggravator of vayu as well as
pitta.

Vatsadani etc.
The .safcff of vatsadani, leaf of ftz/ra, sreyasT, tilaparni,

328 Materia Medica

gandira and cifraka is useful m the aggravation of kapha and
vdyu.

Kdlasdka (Corchorus capsularis Linn.)

Kdlasdka cures gara (a type of poisoning), aggravation of
kapha and sotha (oedema). It is digestive stimulant and
pungent.

14 15

Varsabhu (Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.)

Both the type of varsabhu alleviate kapha and vdyu and
they are useful in sotha (oedema), udara (obstinate abdominal
diseases including ascitis) and arsas (piles).

16

Cirabilva, Ankura and Asana

The sdka of cirabilva, ankura and asana is digestive stimu-
lant and it alleviates kapha as well as vdyu.

17
18 19

%ift: srKt #CTrs?rT: cpqrirf^ f^?Tf|5=r: I

J'e/w Karira (Bambusa arundinacea Willd.)

The karira of venu aggravates voyw and pitta. It is un-
unctuous and pungent both in taste and vipdka. It alleviates
kapha. It is astringent and it produces burning sensation.

so
ctstt ifwrtfTrwTfT ^n»rfq?rfTr: *ym: nun

Freshly sprouted karira is known to alleviate kapha and
pitta.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 329

21 22

Ataru§aka etc.

Atarusaka, vetrdgra, guduci, nimba, parpafa and kirdtatikta
alleviate the vitiation of blood, pitta and kapha.

Vdrtaka (Solanum mclongena linn.)

Vdrtaka is pungent, sharp, hot, sweet, alleviator of kapha
as well as vdyu, alkaline, digestive stimulant, cardiac tonic and
appetiser. It does not aggravate pitta.

23 24

cr^ Tins %%&$ spqj^raT»raTq-^r n ^ it

The tender vdrtaka alleviates kapha and pitta. The matured
vdrtaka is alkaline and aggravator of pitta. When over matured
(brddha) it is heavy. The dried vdrtaka cures the diseases caused
by kapha and vdyu.

25

26

Vdrtaka burnt over charcoal reduces kapha, fat and vaju.
It is very slightly light and digestive stimulant. It aggravates
pitta. When mixed with oil and salt it becomes heavy and
unctuous.

330 Materia Medica

27

28 29

Vdrtaku

Vartaku stimulates digestion, alleviates vdyu, promotes
semen and blood and cures aggravation of kapha, kdsa
(bronchitis) and ksaya (consumption).

30

Brhati (Solanum indicum Linn.)

The fruit of brhati cures kandu (itching), ku§tha (obstinate
skin diseases including leprosy) and krmi (parasitic infection).
It alleviates kapha and pitta. It is pungent, bitter and light.

31

"55T <sw facets ^ cTFT fa^R^T || ^ ||

Patola (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.)

The leaf of patola alleviates pit ta. Its stem alleviates kapha.
Its fruit alleviates all the three dosas and its root is purgative.

Karavellaka (Momordica charantia Linn.)

Karavellaka is an appetiser. It alleviates kapha and pitta.
It reduces virility.

32

33

Karkopka and Hastikarkofika
The fruit of karkopka shares the properties of karavellaka.

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 331

Hasti karkotika has similar properties but its fruits are bigger in
size.

34

fatr^r ^s*w*ffe ton? Wrofirer 11^11'

Vandhya karkoti and Kevuka

Vandhyakarkoti and kevuka cure vwo (poisoning) and
alleviate kapha as well as pitta.

35
36

Srfe f^G2T¥qffr«sirf?5 ?3T§qT?^3f ^ r
Kusmdndaka etc.

Kusmdndaka, kalinga, karkofi, ervaru t dindisa, trapusa and
cfndka are wind forming, alleviator of kapha and vayu, purga-
tive, abhisyandi (which obstructs the channels" of circulation),
sweet in vipaka and taste and heavy.

Kusmanda (Cucurbita pepo F.I.)

The tender kusmanda alleviates pitta. The mature kusmanda
alleviates kapha. The ripe kusmanda is light, hot, alkaline and
digestive stimulant. It cleanses the urinary bladder and alleviates
all dosas. It is cardiac tonic and wholesome for patients

suffering from mental diseases.

332 Materia Medica

37

Alabu (Lagenaria siceraria Standi.)

Different 'types of alabu are purgative, un-unctuous,
coolmg and heavy.

*P&i*ft ftm f«T frfr^mfwsrTT^T n 3^ n

Kafu tumbl

Katu tumbi is cooling and cardiac tonic. It alleviates pitta
and cures kasa (bronchitis) and visa (poisoning).

38
39
40

Trapusa, En am & Kakaru

Trapusa, ervaru and kakaru are heavy, wind forming,
cooling, delicious and un-unctuous.

Trapusa (Cucumis sativus Linn.)

Trapusa is diuretic and it exceedingly aggravates vayu.
Trapusa when it is green alleviates kapha and pitta. When it
becomes yellowish in colour, it aggravates kapha. When over
matured, it becomes sour and it alleviates vata as well as kapha.

41

srsrrcfqTn?r %«r sfttif^f ^pett^t it 3*. u

42

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 333

Ervaruka (Cucnmis ntilissimus Roxb.)

The ripe ervaruka cures daha (burning syndrome), trsna
(morbid thirst) and srama (physical fatigue). It is alkaline and
aggravator of pitta.

Ervaruka whose stalk is dried up alleviates kapha. It is
purgative, digestive stimulant and cardiac tonic. It cures anaha
(flatulence) and plihan (splenic disorder). It is light.

43

44

Kusmanda nddi

The stalk of knsmanda is alkaline, sweet, appetiser and
un-unctuous. It alleviates vdta as well as kapha and removes
aimari (stone in the urinary tract). It is heavy.

Alabu naiika

The stalk of Alabu is heavy and sweet. It alleviates pitta
and aggravates vayu as well as kapha. It is un-unctuous, cool-
ing and purgative.

45

Pafolikd (Trichosanthes cucumerina Roxb.)

Paiolika is purgative, sweet, unctuous and mostly wind
forming. It aggravates vayu and alleviates kapha. It is cooler
and it cures aruci (anorexia).

334 Materia Medica

46
^eftfoffT ^TT f^TTSTT ST^rr *%«* qnft ffWT 1 1 3 S. 1 1 '

Upodika (Basella rubra Linn.)

Upodika is sweet in vipaka and taste and aphrodisiac. It
cures rakta pitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from diffe-
rent parts of the body). It is laxative, strength promoting,
aggravator of kapha and cooling.

47

Aruka (Primus domestica Linn.)

Aruka is alkaline, aggravator of kapha and heavy.

48

49

Nirica

Nirica is slimy by nature, cooling, wind forming and
aggravator of vayu. It cures rak ta pitta (a disease characterised
by bleeding from different parts of the body) and is delicious.

50 51

52

Marusa

Marusa is sweet, cooling, wind forming, heavy and aggra-
vator of pitta. It has many varieties, viz., red, blue etc. and
all of them have the same properties.

53 54

Ayurveda Saukhyaih of Todarananda 335

Kalambuka (Ipomoea reptans Poir.)

Kalambuka promotes lactation. It is cooling, heavy and
astringent.

Hilamocikd (Enhydra fluctuans Lour.)

Halamocika is purgative. Tt alleviates kapha and pitta
and cures kustha (obstinate skm diseases including leprosy).

Grisma sundara

Grisma sundara alleviates kapha and pitta. It is bitter and
appetiser.

55

56
Spf^Cfa^TT W^V ^5TT ^^ftfw^T II VV ||

Mula kapotikd

Mula kapotikd is pungent and bitter in taste, cardiac
tonic, appetiser, digestive stimulant, alleviator of all dosas,
light and promoter of good voice.

57
"58

Mulaka (Raphanus sativus Linn.)

Mulaka is heavy, wind forming and sharp. It produces
dma and aggravates all the three dosas. When prepared along
with fat, it alleviates all the three dosas. Its fruit alleviates
Icanha and nitta and its flower alleviates kanha and vdta.

336 Materia Medica

AH types of saka, when dried cause wind formation and
aggravate vdyu. Mulaka, however, is an exception.

59

f^^>rs?rTf^Jrf^ 5IWT 3W<f3T ȣ5 II Y^ ||

Sarsapa (Brassica compestris Boiss)

The saka of sarsapa alleviates all the three dosas (?). It
is abhisyandi (which obstructs the channels of circulation) and
heavy.

60

cr#3r TTfswr fcTfRT wtsm q^fnsr: *r:: i

Rdjika and Pancdngula (Brassica nigra Koch, aud Ricinus
communis Linn.)

Rdjika shares the properties of sarsapa saka. In addition
it is bitter and sharp.

The Saka of pancdngula is laxative.

Kusumbha (Carthamus tinctorius Linn.)

Kusurhbha is un-unctuous and hot. It aggravates pitta
and alleviates kapha as well as vdta.

61

Masa (Phaseolus mungo Linn.)

The leaves of masa are slightly bitter, sweet and promoter
of semen.

62 63

Ahastini and Pati&ra
Ahastinl and pattdrd are diuretics. They cure aSmari (stone

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 337

in the urinary tract).

64

Nyagrodha etc.

The leaf of nyagrodha, udumbara, asvattha, plaksa, padma
etc. is astringent, constipative and cooling. It is useful for
patients suffering from paittika type of atisara (diarrhoea).

65

66

Sarhsvedaja (Mashroom)

Mushrooms which grow on palala (straw), iksu (sugar-
cane), karlsa (cow dung), ksiti (ground) and venu (bamboo) are
called sarhsvedaja. All of them are cooling, astringent, deli-
cious and slimy.

67

Mushrooms which grow on straw are heavy. They pro-
duce chardi (vomiting), atisara (diarrhoea), jvara (fever) and
diseases caused by kapha. They are sweet in vipaka as well as
taste and un-unctuous. They aggravate dosas.

68 69

70

'[^TfcTStT^TTsNr:] $reTFcT«ft fe*rft?TT: WV>\\

Mushrooms which are white in colour, which grow in
clean places or on wood, bamboo and cattle shed are not very
injurious. Remaining types of mushrooms should not be
used.

338 Materia Medica

71 72

Another variety of mushroom is called khukhundaka. It is
less injurious and it grows on the ground and in a cattle shed.
It is aphrodisiac, strength promoting and nourishing,

73

[TTsrsrssipj'Tr: srrspPT RR : J^-V*]

All the mushrooms are known to be wind forming and
they aggravate vayu.

74 75

Pinaki

Pinaki aggravates vayu. When it is green it is an appe-
tiser and stimulant of digestion.

Vidari (Ipomoea panicalata R. Br.)

Vidari alleviates vayu and pitta. It is aphrodisiac, strength
promoting and rejuvenating.

76

Satavari (Asparagus racemosus Willd.)

Satavarf is an excellent promoter of strength and eyesight.
It alleviates vayu and pitta.

77

i^eft ^ for ^ »r«rrf^wwfsr5fV u *A n
The bigger variety is a cardiac tonic and promoter of

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 332

intellect, power of digestion and strength. It cures grahatfi
(sprue syndrome) and arias (piles). It is aphrodisiac, strength
promoting and rejuvenating.

78 79

Its sprouts cure kasa (bronchitis) and alleviate pitta.
They are bitter.

80
3W faflSTTaw 5Rts=rrT^f «S%WB[ I

Visasaluka etc.

Visasaluka, krauitcadana, kaseruka, spigataka and galo-
<fkya are un-unctuous, heavy, wind forming and cooling.

Pauskara (Lotus seed)

The seed of puskara cures rakta pitta (a disease characteri-
sed by bleeding from different parts of the body) and para
(fever).

cr«rr <rmsi*nf ^ ^sFrcresn-qf*? u «.=; u
Tula pralamba (Borassus flabellifer Linn.)

The inflorescence of tola cures urahksata (phthisis).

81 82 83

Munjdtaka (Orchis latifolia Linn.)

Munjataka alleviates pitta and vayu. It is a cardiac tonic
and delicious.

340 Materia Medica

85

Tf^fq- ^Tf#fTTf?r ^cFsngsFFCTfar ^ II ^o n
Aluka (Dioscorea Sp.)

Sankha, hastika, raktdnga, madhupindaka and sungaka —
these are the different types of aluka. They cure rakta pitta (a
disease characterised by bleeding from_ different parts of the
body). They are heavy, delicious and cooling. They promote
lactation and semen.

86

Pinddruka (Coiocasia esculenta Schott)

Pinddruka aggravates kapha. It is heavy. It also aggra-
vates vdyu.

87

Surendra kanda (Amorphophalus sylvaticus Kimth)

Surendra kanda alleviates kapha. It is pungent in vipdka
and it aggravates pitta.

88 89

'*5*r: gjgrctn: ^*^§ srr?rftra?T: srer i'

Kadali kanda (Musa paradisica Linn.)

The rhizome of kadali promotes strength and it alleviates
vdyu and pitta.

90

Trow ^i% sjfof ^r «pj =srrfa sr^tRr^nr u^u

Mdnaka (Alocasia indica Schott.)

Manaka is sweet, cooling and heavy.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 341

cfWq-: sreift ?™*r: 3>q^ft fwff <?m: i

Surana and Bhukanda

Surana is digestive stimulant, appetiser, alleviator of
kapha, visada (non slimy) and light. It is specifically useful for
artos (piles).

Bhu kanda is exceedingly harmful.

91 92

Amlikd kanda

The rhizome of amlikd is useful in graham (sprue
syndrome) and arsas (piles). It is light and not very hot. It
alleviates kapha and vayu. It is constipative and is useful in
maddtyaya (alcoholism).

93
94

sfTErpTT: f<reraT*PTT fer<n% *t*gn f^m-. u ^ n

Kumuda kanda etc.

The rhizome of kumuda, utpala and padma aggravates
vayu. It is astringent, alleviator of pitta, sweet in vipdka and
cooling.

95 96 97

iro^V f^ofr ifarr ^srfCTmffsftr?TTq-fT i

Musali (Chlorophytum tuberosum Baker)

MusalT is nourishing, aphrodisiac and hot in potency. It
cures arsas (piles) and vitiation of vayu.

342 Materia Medico

98
99 100

Vardha kanda (Tacca aspera Roxb.)

Varaha kanda alleviates kapha. It is pungent in taste and
vipdka. It cures kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy)
and krmi (parasitic infection). It is aphrodisiac and it promotes
strength as well as complexion.

101

102 "

spsstttPt ^BirTfq- sftwsforsrsrfrr ^ II %* II

C C\ G

103

104 105

S^I^fa STCT \m ^ftcTTfT ^fspofw ^ 1 1 %, S. 1 1

Tola siras etc.

The top portion of the trunk of tala, narikela and kharjura
is astringent, unctuous, sweet, nourishing and heavy. It helps
in the elimination of urine. It is aphrodisiac and vitalising. It
is always useful for persons who have lost their strength and
potency. It cures kdsa (bronchitis), rakta pitta (a disease
characterised by bleeding from different parts of the body),
vitiation of vayu and visa (poisoning). It is cooling and
delicious.

106

Bad quality

All rhizomes which are immature, unseasonal, old,
diseased, eaten away by parasites and which are not properly
grown should not be used,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 343

107
108

Miscellaneous

The description of the properties of different type of
dhanyas (corns and cereals), mamsa (meat), phala (fruits)
and saka (vegetables) which is omitted here by mistake should
be determind by the Wise by examining the taste and attributes
of mahabhutas in them.

n f% ■mm^m: n

Thus ends the group dealing with different types of
vegetables.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

I. '3ft »r«NTq" T*T:' <TT5>OT ^^^% gq-JTRRT I

4. Trmf^sr^sFT" ? fe srr^: fs^srp?r% ^ q-rs: i

6. fTxTSFfiTTf T f fcT 5TFP^ <TT5: I

7. *raxT 5% fSf*ftaS?5T% TO: I

8. Tffifa^feq^TFr ^ftr arr^5??i%<5 to: i
9- ^TcftT^MT ^f?r «rr«pt to: t

10. qvwiig ff m i% srpFt to: i

II. ^TF5TT ^% STFfT% TO: I

12. *f?TTf *F ^T^T sftr 5?T^ TO: I

13. ^OT ?% ^5^5?^ TO: !

14. *qff*»sft *f?r sn^tf^^f to: i

344 Materia Medica

15. f%€\ sft*fterrafcn*t ?fcr m^\ qrs: i

16. ^^^T^JTTf^^Tf^^tf TT: ¥TT: f% 5TT^ TT5: I

17. *P$n": ^fcT STT^ RTS: -

18. ^TT: ?fcT STRj^ TT3 I

19. ST^TPTT ^f% 5TT^ TT3: I

20. ?rratf tfp^t^ ffcf sir^ tts: i

21. faTRTf?reKrf|;3T ^far sm^ tts: i
22 srf fqrFPwqi r. %T^ mwt qrc: i

23. cr^r ^% srr?^ qrc: i

24. 5 ?fcf STFF^ TT5: I

25. ^^faW^oSIsf ?ffT SfT^ ^^cT^ -ST qT5: I

26. ct^f w% wr^5??t% qrs: i

27. TrT^cFTT^Rlr f% 3TT^ TT5: I

28. sr^r^re^'TTspft ?fa m^ qrs: i

29. ^T^ffa^lt ^% STFfrt qT5: 1

30. qwftfr ^f?r ^g#3?^% qrs: i

31 q-nstsr stt^ *frq"^q?r i

32 ^TT%"?T5fr^^i-JT %fa stt^ qra I

33. rrs<r 'j^cftT 1% m^. qrs- i

34. efeq-sFpfe %?PP sf?T STT^ qT5. i

^f'^r^T^fe: %=r ^rfcr fsdrTq^^ qrs i
36 mm srwsfhr 5 *f%s qrq^Tg-fcra *rfa wt^ tts- i
37. ^iffSr^TSTT^fa Sfa" ^gsfqr?^ qre I

39. ^refsnt ^ ^r ■* ^r w |?r c^rfcr tfsr *tt^ ^gq-g^rl. *r qre: i

40. ^r*r ?Rhf ^f ^wt Pttt^t *5jcw iftr arre^: qis. i

41. sT^^w^iffrfjr f1% an"^ qrs. i

42. f ^T^TC5^3<?<?PT ^% STT^ TTS: I

43. #<wcr ere s^Tf ^q?r ^fq^g^ i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 345

*raTW£tr ^wn ^Tgrfqg^Tq^r n ^% stf^ qrs: i

44. f^TCTf^^rflpft ?fcT fartftar$RI% TT5: I

45. 'f^^r^cT^TSTT'-'-q^tflT^r' "TTstsq- =^#3?gf% srfwfrq'rprci^ i
46- sqtWr Ar fs5fhT3?g% tts: I

47. fsprasq- ir-sttc srfovrwreT *pj [?] f% fgrcforqjcr^ qre: i

48. S^vrreflTf^y: ifa src^ qT5: I

49. ^Tg^rfsfar: ^fcr ^g^5?cr% zwfK =*r qre: i

50. qvgwt fftr ^3^5^^% qre; i

51. fqtr^ *pj: ?f?r stf^: qrs: I

52. TrFrr5TR^f^r5% % ftr ?rr^; tts: i

53. s^raw ^r ipff ^ ^#3?Fcr% qre: i

c ^

54. gj^f ?>t ^f?r ^5#3^cr% qre: i

55 ^?%^5T *RT f % 5TT^ qT3.' I

^I^tF^t f err fftr fgcfteqj*<=r% qrs: i

56. ^sfmf-^V %fa srT^ qrs. I

57. f^^srfg-f^ ^ fcf ffcft5T3^ri% qrs: 1

58 'vrf*^ ^^•prfcrcf' qTstsq- fecfrq-qj^ ffrqsn^ )

59 fepfw ^fifc^f^ ^fn 3TTSFT qT3: I

60. ^^TT fcfffi: f fa STRr^ qrs: 1

61. imw^ ^f% srnpt qTs i

62. *ft§ ftcpflr ?ffr m^\ ^%mftt ^ qre: i

63. w^T^-^hfcifr ^fa srr^ ^sfq^^ ^ qre: i

64 5ftc!T- ¥fa 3TPF* qT3. )

65. q?T15T^TtQ'%F?T%^T: ^fcf ^3^3^% qT5: I

66. '^Fr^reg ^^Tgfqfss^T' qretszf f5cft^"3^ci% TiqcT^rg" i

67. q^MsrT: f % srr^: tts: i

68. *pRWf ^% str^ qre: I

69. sfn^swtsrsrar^r: sfa" an?5?f^cr%i qre. i

70. qrstsq - ^^gj^cr^ Trqw^Tcr i

71. Tfs^q^q^q-re^ ^fa srr^ qis: i

346 Materia Medica

72. '^Tf^>^^-"s^^^nre:' Trstsif fgtftag*a% sftw«i3r i

73. ©wr iftr srrer* tts: i

74. Prwrrifr ^rTcr^?r ffgr stt^ tts: i

75. *TT?5T 1% m^rt TTS: I

76. *wrr sRTprft i^rr 5% shrtS: <ra: i

77. t^r sfir 3tt^I qrc: i

78. ^FBf^fr^TftdTb I ^cT^^TT ^fcT 5TT^ T1S: I

79. s^err. if?r m^ tts: i

80. ?T¥5fsr^iT^#^T^R^^r ?f?r sn^t tts: i

81. fT^raraft ^fa fswtspp?r% qra: i

82. *pr. ffcT *Wt ^5«fS?cr^ ^ TO: I

83. CTl^«rRW. ft% «TPP^ 7T5: l

84. #^ft^^^^fa*§^'RnT i% srppt tts: I

85. W^nncTF^RT^ ^f% *nW3?3ft><J TT3: I

86. fWT5£ff 1% 31 T^: TT5: |

87. ^s: *far srr^ its: i

88. STSTflre^JFT W% *TFPt TTS: I

89. 'sre*rr*"'Ercrr' <nstsf ^3^3*3% sftTsrHRj" 1

90. fW ^fcr sn^g^n* qrs: 1

91. ^r: ^f% srr^ qrs: 1

92. ^%^re^r , ' , ?p=r I qrsTsr ^g^g^r jftq^pKr^ 1

93. JnWPttFrr: f% 3TFF% qT3: l

94. tt^-CT: 1% %n^\ TO: I

95. ^T3ft 5% *rpf>% ^«T3??t% *T TO: I

96. ^WfwiT55?ffsfq-^nT^T 1% qT^ TO: I

97. ?T^q- 55ffavpn«F ! cn3[ '^ff^R^T^r: farTf TiT: l' TTStsif fefor-

98. ^rTT^?: %fa 3{mrk. TO: 1

99. f^M^Tt«|<sftwr: f<nra*T: *% «n^ "f^^r* *r TO:|

100. mv wihi^TRfgr^ '^> ^htt: *%wr«r: f<TrTWt tw^t;'

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 347

101. zrmm ff% fefta3*5r% tts: i

102. sffaR sftir^TTpT ^ 1% %(T^ <TT<5: I

103. SFPR %fa ^5«f3^cr% q-TS: !

104. isf^CTfa- f% stffS: qrs: I

105. fs^r^^crwr: 3p?=r '-^fcr sttspwt:" ?% Tfof I

106. ^T^f srTTxfa ?f% =^5^^% ITS: I

107. 5T*TT<?T<r ^% 3TT^ TTS: I

108. *T*rrf3rirc S3ipT?T?<Tff5: 1% 3TT^ qTS I

CHAPTER 21

'crfesfn- T^tfTT sftf^ar % *r 5*it?pi: i

Dhanya (Corns and Cereals)

Among the corns and cereals, sastika, yava, godhuma. red
variety of sdli, mudga, adhaki and masura are the best.

1
ttit: fpc*fr £f^q#erf¥rft<?r ! hr q^ ^r i

2 3

iTzr^ffanrferr ^cst *TT*TT'Jt<sr ^ h ^ u

Mamsa (Meat)

Among different types of meat, the meat of ena, kuraftga,
harina, tittiri, lava, mayura, vargi (?) and kurma are the best.

4

TTSTTCT *ng#rreH3"'T STflT^ II \ II
Phala (Fruits)
Among different types of fruits dadima, amalaka, draksa,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 349

kharjura, parusaka, rdjadana and matulunga are the best.

5
6

*ro3Wff sffa^rft 5TW?*f WS9% II V II

Saka (Vegetables)

Among vegetables, caiicu, satina, vastuka, cilia, mula-
kapotika, mandukaparnl and jivanti are the best.

7

Tpsr SrffafcT sf<S5 #=srHf ^gmij ^ I

J&fra, Ghfta and Lavana

Among milk and ghee, those derived from the cow are
the best.

Among salts, rock salt is the best.

Sour and Pungent articles

Among sour things, dhatri and dadima are the best.
Among pungent things pippall and ndgara are the best.

9

Bitter and Sweet articles

Among bitter things patola is the best.
Among sweet things ghee is the best.

JSt Vr* ^ w* s^ ,, , u

Astringent things

Among astringent things, honey, pugaphala and parusaka
are the best.

3^0 Materia Medico.

11

Sugarcane products and Drinks

Among sugar cane products, sarkara is the best.

Among different types of drinks, sura and asava are
the best.

12

sr^ftRPT^ 5 prefer Tresr <pw i

qrSf "TTk^f STTW^Kp cr^f jtwt u' s II

Miscellaneous

Among different types of dhanya (corns and cereals), those
preserved for one year are the best. The meat of animals in
their middle age is the best. Food which is not stale, which is
properly prepared and which is taken in proper quantity is the
best. Fruit which is matured is the best. The vegetable which
is not dried, which is tender and fresh is the best.

*T%*[ *%*:: «f«5: «P331T%<J ^TT: I

13

Among different types of tastes, the sweet taste is the best.
Among the rhizomes surar^a is the best. Among the different
types of water, divya (which is directly collected from the sky)
is the best. Among different types of fish, rohita is the best.
Among the different typos of oil, til oil is the best.

Thus ends the section dealing with different types of best
articles-

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 351

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. ^fw. fa%TPJ5?W 1% m^ TT5: I

2. T5I»srfiR>*rfJH- iftr ?TT^ 7T5: I

3. *mr»r<Jr<* ^fa- srr^ <tt3: i

4. *ngg^* t B553-»f i% ?tt^: tts: i

5. ^w^^T^F-f^^yt^y^Trfcr^T: ^ fa srr^ qrs:i

6. STFFsr'fi sr?q% ^ftr f§rcft2T3^cT% ITS: i

7. SiH ^t f f% 5TR^ <tts: t

8. ^TTT ^% 511^: 'TIS: I

9. "reta*rrcrf% %fo srrc^: tts: t

10. sn(5 ^% fe^Vq-g^ tts: i
li. qT^r^% ^#3*3% m: i

12. 3rq^fq^TTTF# ?f% qTC#p3%<| TTS: 1

13. T%T"'^f<rf?r: TTStS5T fsdWj^J sft<ra«I% I

CHAPTER 22

Sweet Taste

Sweet taste is a promoter of eyesight, pleasing, aphro-
disiac and nourishing. It cures rakta pitta (a disease character-
ised by bleeding from different parts of the body). It is reju-
venating, heavy, cooling and unctuous.

1 2

3

fr?Fsftis<jfy [ 5 ] **ft erqr [srffa'] «rrafr vxmm^: i r i i

4

Sour taste

Sour taste is unctuous, hot, light and alleviator of vayu
and vitiation of blood. It produces stickiness. It is sharp
and laxative. It reduces semen, constipation and eye sight.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 353

5

Saline taste

Saline taste is purgative, promoter of digestive power,
appetiser, unctuous, hot and heavy.

6
^'stftsfrfffcrxi'f^r^ rfafW: *nfasre: sps: l|Y||

Pungent taste

, Pungent taste is karsana (which eliminates by force), light,
un-unctuous and hot. It cures krmi (parasitic infection) and
reduces semen as well as kapha. It is an appetiser, stimulant
of digestion, aggravator of pitta, chedi (which has the power to
penetrate by incision), sharp and producer of dryness (iosa).

8

t&$. ^ftcft SPjfcTtE: SfTTW Ff^T5fr?r^cT 1 15(11

Bitter taste

Bitter taste alleviates kapha as well as pitta. It cures visa
(poisoning), stickiness (kleda), kandu (itching), kustha (obstinate
skin diseases including leprosy) and para (fever). It is un-
unctuous, cooling, light and drying (sosarid). It cures krmi
(parasitic infection) and stimulates the power of digestion.

9 10

sp^TEf: sffaor: **T*ufr tfT^t TtTOT'fterr: I

[TTTer^g-sinTur: ?$&$ ^Y : %-%]

Astringent taste

Astringent taste is drying, stambhana (which causes reten-
tion), constipative, healing and pidana (which causes pain). It

354 Materia Medica

alleviates vitiation of kapha, blood and pitta. It is un-unctu-
ous, cooling and heavy.

II wfa srfSTT: It

Thus ends the section dealing with the attributes of the
six tastes.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. T3k3T ^fa" feftag*^ <TT5: I

2. TS ?fa f^ffag^r TT5: I

3. snpq?<ft ff?r fe^t^cr^ wrs: i

4. %*fW. fasfsTRT^fe^T f% r5^3^T% TT5: I

5. t%: if?r sn^: qrs: i

6. ^jfrs^rfq^r^ : 5%?Tr cfrspr: sfrqt ^?: «par: if%- srr^ tts: t

8. s^ft STWfe^rT;: ^fa 3TT^ TT5. I

10. TtTirsfWnT: ff?r ^q^^ <tts. i

CHAPTER 23

1

Manda

Manda is prepared by filtering once, twice or three time*.
Thus, it is of three types.

2
3

io/a manda

Ldja manda is prepared either after frying or without
frying the ldja (fried paddy). Before preparing lajd, the rice
should be made clean. Thereafter, for its preparation water is
added four, three or two times. The former varieties are lighter
than the latter ones.

t-rrewr^t fsr^FTt q-sir: qr^prfrqR: II ^ II

Ldja manda is wholesome for a person whose body is
cleaned by the administration of elimination therapy. It is

356 Materia Medica

carminative and a digestive stimulant.

4

When added with pippalf and nagara it helps in the eli-
mination of vayu through the downward tract. It is a cardiac
tonic.

qr^TT sftcRspiNr fq-rR^^riwr'Tf: n 3 u

5

Dhanya manda

Dhdnya manda is carminative, digestive stimulant and
alleviator of pitta, kapha and vayu. It cures §ida (colic pam),
anaha (flatulence) and vibandha (constipation).

6

q-TcT ^rr sranfc f<ref *rr*r 3T crw*^ 11 v 11

7

Vafya maiyda

Vafya manda mixed with pafola and magadha is useful in
the aggravation of vayu, kapha and pitta, in ama and in the
beginning stage of jvar a (fever).

Vafya manda is prepared by fried barley and laja mapda is
prepared by fried iali.

, 8

9 10

*f*St ^^f 11 ^ W^jft TrBfTrTSr^T^T: II ^ II

Raktasali manda

The manda prepared of red variety of Mi etc., is sweet and
cooling. It is the most wholesome, refreshing and strength

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 357

promoting. It alleviates rakta pitta (a disease characterised by
bleeding from different parts of the body).

f^5^ft#?«T^f|-i|d<H Jl ft?W *rf: f%q% ^T^: mall

S^RTTfrft ^^ftfxTf ^TT 3W 5T%?«S2»F»r> ^ IPS: ll^ll

Asfaguna manda

The manda prepared of two prasrti of good quality rice
and half in quantity of mudga mixed with kafutraya (sunfhi,
pippali and marica), kustumbari, saindhava, hingu and oil is
called astaguna manda.

It promotes appetite and cleanses the urinary bladder. It
promotes vitality and blood formation. It cures jvara (fever)
and aggravation of kapha, pitta as well as vayu.

12

TTfjfTrTft ?rrfV SSTCTcfarr-WM^H: II 5. II

Miscellaneous

The manda prepared with the help of the hands and a
piece of cloth and sprinkled with the powder of saindhava cures
rakta pitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from different
parts of the body). It is constipative and cures jvara (fever) and
atisara (diarrhoea).

*Ffsf>frfcr #crtftr ?ki w^FRTfa u ?o u

Manda stimulates the power of digestion and helps in the
elimination of vayu through the downward tract. It softens the
channels of circulation and pfbduces sweating.

358 Materia Medica

13
[msR-SS^T'T'Jr- q-os^sf ^U. : ?-??]

After fasting, purgation, and digestion of the potion given
for oleation therapy, if the patient feels thirsty, then manda
helps m the sustenance of his life because it is a digestive
stimulant as well as light.

u ?fcr w^n- II

Thus ends the group dealing with different types of
manda.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. ^fef¥rf?^r ?1% srrer^ ^5^3?^% ^ qrs: 1

2. "Tftsf*?^- ifa 5TT^ TT5- I

3. ^WT ?fa STF!^ TTS: I

4. Pr^^TTiRTf^5r- 5% WPP* <TTS: I

5. TT^Ffs: 5% STP^ ITS' 1

6. 3T?t°to ifcr ?rr^ qrs: i

8. TrR5rT?irTf^ftTsrW^TgT %fw 3TT^ TTS: I

9. ^ST: *f?pfm ST?*TT TxfiF<TTr5rerF?T: ¥fa ^q^cT^ <TT5. I

10. TrRfaxi" srg-T^r: f fcT 317^ TT5: I

11. ff ?fa m^ tts: 1

sr ^fcr ^«rg/Fa% tts: i

12. ^wtarrerTw: f% ?tt^: ^3^3*3% =sr tts- i

13 ^TSiTcfr ^fcT ^TT^^rT^^ TT5: J*

CHAPTER 24

1

^I^Tf^TSr^TsfV ^ETT ^Tcr^^fsg^ftJPTffV II ? II

Peya

Peya cures ksut (morbid hunger), trsa (morbid thirst),
vitiation of vdyu, weakness and diseases of the pelvic region. It
causes sweating, stimulates the power- of degestion and helps
in the elimination of vdyu and stool through the downward
tract.

VttepT

Vilepl is refreshing, a cardiac tonic, constipative, strength
promoting, wholesome, sweet in taste, light and a digestive
stimulant. It cures ksut (morbid hunger) and trsa (morbid
thirst).

360 Materia Medico.

c

Yavagu

Yavagu cures trsna (morbid thirst). It is light and a
digestive stimulant. It cleanses the urinary bladder. In para
(fever) and atisara (diarrhoea), yavagu is always useful.

2

JTCFFTFrfq- 3m: [qTsrcrl^srereir: i

Variety

Pdyasa, krsara etc., are the different varieties of yavagu.
Payasa is also called ksaireya, ksira and paramanna.

"w^TsrcofcfaPT: wrer =arf^r?rT i

crT^^i^wsT'TirFs^TRr fafspftfrr^ iiv.ii

Yiavagw is prepared by adding different drugs and when
properly prepared yavagu enhances the properties of these
drugs.

Payasa

Payasa is wind forming and strength promoting. It in-
creases fat and kapha. It is heavy.

^farRTn - *T?qT f^Tfa^T%?fr II ^ II

Krsara

Krsara aggravates kapha and pitta. It promotes strength
and alleviates vayu.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 361

3

.4w»a

Delicious variety of anna promotes pleasure, strength,
corpulence, enthusiasm, refreshment and happiness.

The anna which is not delicious acts other wise.

4 5

gsftaw^r: f^??r: srerijfr fa5jrs> «nj: i

If the rice is washed well, boiled and after boiling the
residual water is removed then it becomes visada (non-slimy)
and light.

The odana, which is hot, is wholesome; otherwise it is
harmful.

6

7 8

zpsftrn: cf^#f^prr^5ft cffazTc^fT II 5. M

If the fried rice is washed once twice or thrice, then the
odana becomes progressively lighter and more stimulant of
digestion.

irT-cfr g-'fwr q-cirr *r ^ sfrvr<Tsn-feraT. u ?o u

If the anna is prepared with fat, meat, fruit, rhizome,
pulse, sour thing or milk, then it becomes heavy, nourishing
and aphrodisiac.

9 10

362 Materia Medico

Anna, which is exceedingly hot, reduces strength. If it is
cold or dry then it becomes difficult of digestion. If it is
exceedingly sticky, then it produces glani (tiredness). If it con-
tains unboiled rice then it is difficult of digestion.

Ghola bhakta

Ghola bhakta (curd mixed rice) is cooling, sweet and sour.
It cures arsas (piles). It is an excellent stimulant of digestion.
It cures srama (physical fatigue). It is refreshing, -a cardiac
tonic and appetiser.

sftersf *mii ^sr stt'st <rfof q^ |
11

Varyanna

Freshly prepared rice soaked in water is cooling, sweet,
un-unctuous, alleviator of fatigue, refreshing par excellence,
light and easily digestible.

fa5>PFtq-T ^r T?r^;3r*f q^q i

12
?%^%^:^q?t^^rf^ ^m^nf MST *rft«qcnT ll?V||"

[*TT«FrSwpjTir: ST^SRr R\ : V-?3]

If this prepared rice is soaked in water and kept over
night, then it aggravates all the three dosas. It is un-unctuous.
It produces more of stool. It is a diuretic par excellence. It
increases sweating, fat and kapha.

13

II ff% qrrf^if: II

Thus, ends the group dealing with various types of peyd
and allied preparations.

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 363

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. s^rsurT^TfH^^qf f^rdirf^fnrftpft ^ftr stpp^: tts: i

2. qr«t>*tf<T33T: ^f% fefftrp^ <TT5: i

3. ^^pr^w'T^Tf if?r wk#3^ci% tts. i

4. fa^d^r. ^t% fscfN"3^ci% tts: i

6. *£S£5nj^r5T#er fsrf%rerffq- ^fcr sttc^s^ <rra: i

7. q-sft^nC^T^^ift^ - ifg STRSfg^cT^ ire: i

8. sratf^pftefft f fcT ^gsfg^rr^ tts: i

9. srcg^TT'f ^fa =^3^cT% *rre3: ^ rrs: i

10. ^f% ^t% ^afs*^ 5TT^ ^ TTS: I

ll. srwts^r ff?r stt^: *rre: i

12. *%Sf3r<?: ffg- STT^JfcT^I ITS: I

13 tp*sttV. if?r fefTT3*?r% q-^; ,

W% SFTWT : %fa Wftft TT5: 1

CHAPTER 25

1

2

The ,s5/>a prepared of corn which is well steamed, dehus-
ked and fried, is light and useful. If it is mixed with the juice
extracted from steamed vegetables and with fat then also it is
useful.

If the supa is prepared of corn which is not steamed and
which is not mixed with fat, salt and juice of vegetables, then
it is not useful.

f%?5^f^- WW% m WZPHW;: fr?TT: I

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 365

Yava saktu & Canaka saktu

Saktu prepared of fried yava or cariaka along with their
husk is very useful in summer if taken along with sugar and
ghee.

sfsssc: srcferavrm ^f^r snret ff^r: \

3 4

T^[^T:] inffift fSTT: ^mm *?fct ^ K T: 1131 1'

&z/i saktu

Saktu prepared of s&li is digestive stimulant, light, cool-
ing, sweet, constipative, cardiac tonic, astringent, appetiser and
promoter of semen,

5

zmxr. *repr sffar: srarer: ^rrf^Rf^r^T: i

6

Another view

Saktu prepared of s&li is sweet, light, cooling and consti-
pative. It cures rakta pitta (a disease characterised by bleeding
from different parts of the body) trsna (morbid thirst), chardi
(vomiting) and para (fever).

^re fon i <<S£^ i% fwtr^Mrerqr^r i

Laja saktu

The saktu of laja cures chardi (vomiting), atisara (diarr-
hoea), trt (morbid thirst), dsha (burning syndrome), visa
(poisoning), murcha (fainting) and jvara (fever). It becomes
more effective in these conditions when this saktu is mixed
with honey and sugar.

^q^Rrq^PTirr: ^r^^^ra^r ti %. it

366 Materia Medica

Yava saktu

The saktu of yava is depleting, digestive stimulant and
un-unctuous. It aggravates vayu and cures diseases caused by
kapha. It helps in the elimination of vayu and stool through
the downward tract.

7

<ftcrr: srcnftfrr fsrn sreft f| wsrcsfrr: i

^rcrrfrq'T^'sirTJrm^fti^TqrT sPTTTfT u vs n

When used as a drink, j>av<2 saA^M is refreshing and a
cardiac tonic. It promotes strength instantaneously. It alle-
viates the fatigue of persons who are emaciated by exposure to
wind, sun, walking and exercise in excess.

iff Frit ^TRJr«f srseft w*r faqr^qrcr i

If it is used in the form of a bolus (pindf) then it is very
heavy and un-unctuous (khara); otherwise it is light.

Avalehika

Avalehika prepared of saktu gets digested early because of
its softness.

8 9

JTTfasCsft ?TTftrcrFsff *«T ^Tf?pftT?r II 5. II
Mantha

Saktu kneaded with ghee and mixed with water is called
mantha. It is neither very thick nor very thin.

10

^^R^rerrg^. fq-gfw*FR«pr i

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Toaarananda 367

Mantha promotes strength instantaneously and cures
pipasa (morbid thirst) and daha (burning syndrome). Along
with, sour things, fat and guda, it cures mutra krcchra (dysuria)
and ndavarta (flatulence). Along with sugar, sugarcane juice,
honey and draksa, it cures diseases caused by pitta. Along with,
draksa and honey, it cures diseases caused by kapha. Along
with the three groups of drugs, it helps in the elimination of
stool and dosas through the downward tract.

STRtHSTT: prere: *^^Rftft«r: I! \R II
Dhanolamba

Dhanolamba is very light and it reduces kapha as well as
fat.

11

«PI¥pTrT5n?PflRT ^^ ^^ fl.TT: II ?3 II

Laja

Laja cures trt (morbid thirst), chardi (vomiting), atisdra
(diarrhoea), adiposity, meha (obstinate urinary disorders inclu-
ding diabetes) and aggravation of kapha. It cures kasa (bronchi-
tis) and alleviates pitta. It is a digestive stimulant, light and
cooling.

12

Prthukd

Prthuka is heavy, unctuous and nourishing. It aggravates
kapha and promotes strength. When impregnated with milk, it
alleviates vayu and works as a laxative.

$6g Materia Medica

«HTT fwfWi - ^«TT ?FT<jft tpjnft 1^: I

Dhana is wind forming, un-unctuous, refreshing, deplet-
ing and heavy.

t Cg & fc& t "$? "%*£ faWTTSTSf tB5T«T II ?*. II

Ni§pava

The fried fruit of nispava is wind forming, difficult of
digestion, un-unctuous, cooling, aggravator of vayu and consti-
pative.

13

Tayxdula pisfa

All types of pastries prepared of tandula cause sandhdna
(union of tissue elements), krmi (parasitic infection) and meha
(obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes).

14

If freshly harvested tandula is used for this purpose, then
it is extremely difficult of digestion, it is sweet in taste and
nourishing.

[*ftr IJTTfont:]

Thus ends the group dealing with different types of supa
and allied preparations.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

l. ^3- 5;% srrsf^: errs.- 1

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda %69

3. *r% 3f?T ^TJRT* TT5: I

5. mpj *TTC Wfcr *TR^5«I% 7T5: I

7. srsfr^fasrsfTr: fftr src^ tts: i

8. TTfcTS^rr ^f?T 3TT^ ITS: \

9. TTferarrer f fa arre^: tts: i

io. srFs^gst ^f% fcfta3*cr% <rrc: i

11. Twflnaftwrr sfa sr&X <tts: i

12. gcinr: w#7;^RTTf ^ra^rr fflr srpf3: qrs: i

13. ^m^fcT^TrTT ?% *r§«T3??T% 7T3: I

*fsTFT^f? c r5£'TI*f %fb STT^ TT3- I

14. SWTf^s^t ffa SfPPt TT3: 1

CHAPTER 26

1

fW TTO ffjf 3?*f f'ftrf Tt^^f ST^T II ? II

Meat boiled with fat, milk, dhanyamla, phalamla and
kafuka (spices having pungent taste) is useful, strength promo-
ting, nourishing, appetiser and light.

2

?F%^r *fr*srreT^ gTf*rsT3irsrefi'cr*r i

If meat is prepared with milk and added with fragrant
spices.< then it reduces (?) pitta as well as kapha and increases
strength, muscle tissue and the power of digestion.

3

ifTSTWP fwt f^T«f 5T<fw sffrnf T^ I
Dried meat is sthira (which produces stability), unctuous,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 371

refreshing, pleasing, heavy and appetiser. It promotes strength,
intellect, digestive power, muscle tissue, ojas and semen.

4

If the meat is burnt on the fire and then fried, then it is
called ulapta. It shares all the properties of dried meat. In
addition, it is the most wholesome as a promoter of digestion.

5

m *R3T %f3=^csrf^ q^q-rw: n h. ii

If the meat is burnt over charcoal then it is called Sulika.
It is heavier because it gets excessively burnt.

6

'^■cciT^^f ^ q-«?r mfo^ 5 qr *ti i

Different preparations of meat viz., utplusfa (burnt),
bharjita (fried), pis{a (made to a paste), pratapta (heated), kapu-
pacita (boiled with pungent spices), parisuska (dried), pradigdha
(excessively burnt), sulya (burnt over charcoal) and similar other
preparations are always wholesome for persons having strong
digestive power. Khaniska type of meat preparation is
exceedingly heavy.

7

Meat prepared in oil is hot in potency, aggravator of pitta
and heavy.

8

372 Materia Medico

Meat prepared in ghee is light, digestive stimulant, car-
diac tonic, appetiser and promoter of eyesight. It is not hot in
potency. It alleviates pitta and is pleasing to the mind.

9 10 11

Saur&va type of meat nourishes all the tissue elements. It
is specially useful for patients having mukha&osa (dryness of
mouth). It is an excellent curative for ksut (morbid hunger)
and trsna (morbid thirst). It is delicious and cooling.

12

Mamsa rasa

Meat soup is refreshing and vitalizing. It cures §vdsa
(asthma), kasa (bronchitis) and ksaya (consumption). It alle-
viates vayu, pitta and fatigue. It is cardiac tonic.

It is useful for persons having less of memory and ojas,
imperfect voice, para (fever), ksfya (emaciation), k§ata (phthi-
sis) and broken and dislocated joints. It is also useful for thin
persons and those having less of semen. It causes nourishment,
samhanana (joining of tissues) and promotes semen as well as
strength.

mrfrnprt *pr: tf*$cft 3Jta*rp?rJT: n \\ w

The meat soup prepared along with dadima is aphrodisiac
and alleviator of do$as.

Ayurveda Saukhyath of Todarananda 373

13

The meat, from which juice is extracted, does not produce
nourishment and strength. It is wind forming, difficult of
digestion, ununctuous and aggravater of vdyu.

14 15

Meat is always useful for persons having a strong power
of digestion. It is very heavy.

16 17

TtVi faTftT ffFTKf g^jfafe ^fW^ II *V II

18
19 20

^e*f m^^rsF^ erg; wtrrafarfa"^?!; u? K.n

Sorava

The meat which is free from bones, which is triturated in
a pastle and mortar after proper boiling and which is prepared
by boiling together with pippali, marica, sunfhf,' hingu and ghee
is called sorava.

ii i% irraTf^PK: n

Thus ends the group dealing with various types of meat
and their different preparations.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. fFRsf ^fcT STFP^ ITS: I

f*raj ^% fscftag^r ms: i

374 Materia Medico

5. t%f^cT Sfferef 1% 5TT^ TT5: I

8. %f& ^^r^t^fcR '?r«r TresRnrr : —
STfatf «Tf%W ft*WT srir|w%cf tst: I
[frftnj] ^ citt ^ ^ gerowf i

afsnf *TT*f ff sr?*r s^ g^of ftrrTf?r^Tq-f |

^rref farr qnp ^% arefrRfar ^rst i
s^wrfW *&t ^nr ^t^t 2* i

srcfts*re f eft t: Pp¥t TmssrHFPnrfw 5«r *r?n<r sFHT^jMprjr 1

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 375

<re<n%T VW$ 5F*mf <TT^5f> TT I
rtimftM *<**;«« TO.

ft <\ *»

w "S Cs Cv

9. ^r^wrq-^: *fa «TT^ <TT5: I

10. 5TT??r: 5% fefta 1 ?^ TT3: I

11. sfttTT: ffcr 3TT5r#re<r% TT5: I

14. ^gr^Tfarg'ifa" f55fta<Tsa% »ns: i

15. ^taTFftaT *TC: TTStsq- =erg«f<T*cl% ^ftT^TRt I

16. ^Tft*T T ffcT fafol^5T% TO: I

17. ifomf ^fgr fi?ftq^?i% tts: i

18. ^fofffsfhsrofcm*r sfa farefta^?^ <tts: i

19. tT^^T ifcT fafa»$R[% TTS: I
t^sf lf% *RJ<f^Fcl% TO: I

20. *ffal«rmfcr f % fs<fcFPRl% TO: I

CHAPTER 27

1

2

Mudga yusa

Mudga yusa alleviates kapha, stimulates digestion and tones
up the heart. It helps in the elimination of dosas even for
persons whose bodies are free from dosas by the administration
of elimination therapies (?). It is wholesome par excellence. It
is of two types viz., kj-ta (which is fried with ghee etc.,) and
akrta (which is not fried with ghee etc.,).

3 4

g- spszft ^q-qpF!i=sr ^WrqT*rfsrctw?r II R ll'

[Tr^ms-s^T. qrfprensnf ^\s : ^£.-3 ?]

Raga sadava

If mudga yusa is added with d&dima and mrdvikd then it
is called raga sadava. It is aphrodisiac and light for digestion,
It does not aggravate dosas.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 377

s

The rdga s&dava prepared of masura, mudga, godhuma,
kulattha and salt does not aggravate kapha and pitta. It is
extremely useful in diseases caused by vdyu.

t

The rdga sddava prepared of mrdvtkd and dddima also
alleviates vdyu. It is appetiser, digestive stimulant, cardiac tonic
and laghu pdki (which is easy for digestion).

Papla yusa and Niinbu yusa

The yusa prepared of patola and niinbu cleanses kapha and
medas (fat). It alleviates pitta. It is digestive stimulant and
cardiac tonic. It cures krimi (parasitic infection), kustha (obsti-
nate skin diseases including leprosy) and jvara (fever).

gf% SflRT^WRT SF^^tT^^fFr II % II

Mulaka yusa

The yusa of mulaka cures iva-rat (asthma), kasa (bronchitis),
pratisydya (chronic rhinitis), praseka (excessive salivation),
arocaka (anorexia) and jvara (fever). It reduces kapha and
medas (fat). It also cures gala graha (obstruction m throat).

t^PEFTf: II V9 ||

378 Materia Medica

Kulattha yusa

The yusa of kulattha alleviates vdyu. It cures sarkara
(gravels in the urine), asmari (stone in urinary tract), tuni (a
disease characterised by acute pain in intestine, anus and
phallus), pratuni (a variety of tuni in which pain starts from
anus and moves to the intestine), kdsa (bronchitis), arias (piles),
gulma (phantom tumour), meha (obstinate urinary disorders
including diabetes) and aggravation of kapha.

7
tT^^FgfeTTT^TT "T^GSW 31% || t; It

8

q^^wfep ^m 5rTcrf¥cRT<ETT^: I

9

5iwr ^rew* m ^t% 5*n% ^ qft ii 5. n

Panca musfika yusa

Panca musfika yusa is prepared by taking one musfi (hand-
ful) of each of yava, kola, kulattha, mudga, mulaka and sunthi
(instead of five, six items are included in the text) and boiling
them in eight times of water. It alleviates vdyu, pitta and kapha
and is useful in gulma (phantom tumour), sula (colic pain), kdsa
(bronchitis), svasa (asthma), jvara (fever) and ksaya
consumption).

10

^pfnirrwrt ^ g^c*^ *Tq> Tsrfift ^qjflr^^rr II ? o it

Navdnga yusa

Navdnga yusa is prepared of mudga, dmalaka, yava,
dadima, karkandhu, mulaka, sunthi, kand and kulattha. This cures
diseases caused by kapha.

11

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 379

Other varieties

The yusa prepared of dadima and amalaka is cardiac
tonic, alleviator of dosas, light, vitalising and digestive stimu-
lant. It cures murccha (fainting) and medas (adiposity). It
specifically alleviates pitta and vata.

12

The yusa prepared of mudga and amalaka is purgative and
it alleviates pitta as well as kapha.

The yusa prepared of paitcakola (pippall, pippali mula,
cavya, citraka and nagard) and kulattha is a promoter of
good voice and alleviator of vSyu.

13
ir*^\ St^^ WFTTffasFSppT II ?3 II

Fora manda

Yava manda alleviates vayu, pitta and kapha. It is car-
minative and digestive stimulant. It cures sula (colic pain),
anaha (flatulence) and vibandha (constipation).

Sarva dhanya marida

The marida prepared of all the types of dhanya is nourish-
ing and vitalising.

14

Khada and Kambalika

Khada and kambalika are cardiac tonic. They are useful
in chardi (vomiting) and aggravation of vsyw as well as kapha.

380 Materia Medica

The yusa which is prepared by adding dadhi, matsya and
articles having sour taste is called kambalika.

15

Dadimamla

Dadimamla promotes strength, alleviates kapha and vdyu
and stimulates digestion.

Dhanydmla

Dhanydmla is digestive stimulant, cardiac tonic, aggravator
of pitta and alleviator of vdyu.

Dadhyamla

Dadhyamla aggravates kapha and promotes strength. It
is unctuous, alleviator of vdyu and heavy.

Takrdmla

Takramla aggravates pitta and visa (poisoning). It
vitiates blood.

16

17

iff to and .<4&f to yusa

The ywsa which is not mixed with fat, salt and pungent
spices is called akrta. Kfta yusa, on the other hand, is prepared
of pungent spices, fat and salt.

18

Ayurveda Saukhyath of Todarananda 381

Other varieties

The yusas prepared of milk, dhanyamla and the yusa of
sour fruits are progressively lighter. Whether fried or not they
are useful.

19

fianddki

Sandaki is prepared of oil cake, dry vegetables and ger-
minated corns and cereals. They are heavy and they aggravate
pitta as well as kapha.

?r^> !£^>tt ^qr fsrr Tt*FPfrT*rr. i

*prs«S<i«irt*ft8r*rwrT ww wi n \° ii

Raga sdndava

Raga sdndava is light, nourishing, aphrodisiac, cardiac
tonic, appetiser and digestive stimulant. It cures bhrama
(giddiness), mrtyu (apprehension of death ?), trsa (morbid thirst),
chardi (vomiting) and srama (physical fatigue).

20

Rasala

Rasdld is an appetiser, strength promoting, unctuous,
aphrodisiac and extremely nourishing. It causes oleation of the
body.

*%^?f *[*«i£cb* tpf stsufqwrf*? ii ^? ii

If prepared by adding guda and curd, then it is cardiac
tonic and alleviator of vayu.

382 Materia Medica

22

Panaka

Panaka of gutfa (whether added with sour things or not)
is heavy and diuretic.

23

Panaka prepared of khanda, mrdvlka, iarkara and sour
things is extremely sharp and cooling. It is not harmful.

TTffa 5 «PT?T JTS^feT^TCTT^T II R3 II

Panaka prepared of mrdvika alleviates srama (physical
fatigue) and cures murcha (fainting), daha (burning syndrome)
and jvara (fever).

cpscrsFTUTt ^Ffarq-f f ST fassfr^T TFreW I

The panaka prepared of parusaka and kola is cardiac tonic
and wind forming.

24

S3iRR>Fgr^n:Fr frr^r *rm ^ *sp^n\ i

25

Depending upon the ingredients and the method of
preparation, the heaviness and lightness of a panaka should be
ascertained and their dose should be determined accordingly.

26
TWPTT: SftTfrcTT 3T?qT ^qT [ f SIT: ] ^rf^R: I
27 28 29

*T5Tf?T: sfe^T ?ft«FTT ^T^Rm: II ^X. II

Bhakgya

Different types of bhdk?ya prepared of milk is strength
promoting, aphrodisiac, cardiac tonic, fragrant, adahin (which

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 383

does not produce burning sensation), digestive stimulant and
alleviator of vayu.

30

31

Gkrta pura

Ghrtapura is instantaneously vitalising and a cardiac tonic.
It aggravates kapha and alleviates vayu as well as pitta. It is
aphrodisiac, heavy and promoter of blood as well as muscle
tissue.

32

33

foSTf^T: PTtPPTT ffiTT: wnfrr. II ^ II

Gu4a bhaksya

The bhaksya prepared of guda is aphrodisiac, heavy and
alleviator of vayu. It causes burning sensation and aggravates
pitta. It is nourishing and aggravator of kapha.

34

35 36

*T^> f ^TT^T »Tt?^T^TfT f#TT: II ^ \\

Madhu sirsaka etc.

Madhu Sirsaka, samyava and pupa are specially heavy and
nourishing.

Modaka is difficult for digestion.

37

384 Materia MeAica

Saffaka

Saffaka is appetiser, digestive stimulant, promoter of good
voice, alleviator of pitta as well as vdyu, heavy, extremely deli-
cious and vitalising.

38

Abhisyanda

Abhisyanda is cardiac tonic, fragrant, sweet, unctuous,
aggravator of kapha, heavy, alleviator of pitta, trptikara (which
causes satisfaction) and promoter of strength.

39 40 41

^TT: Twr^rmT^Tt WTO <B»WTTO II \\ ll'

Phenaka

Phenka etc. prepared of §ali rice are nourishing, alleviator
of vdyu as well as pitta, strength promoting, aphrodisiac, cardiac
tonic, extremely wholesome and light.

42

Phenaka prepared by filling with vesavara of mudga etc. is
wind forming. If it is filled with the vesavara of meat, then it
is heavy and nourishing,

41 44

•#nwrd *j* ftfrnsft ww>r*r*prTO i
Vesat&ra
Vesavdra is heavy, unctuous and promoter of strength as

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 385

well as plumpness.

45

Palala and Saskulf

Palala aggravates kapha. SaskuII aggravates kapha as
well as pitta.

46

<?qsT wsprr ^irr ^rf^sr: sfte«r<fcft i

Parpafa and Kslra parpati

Parpafa is light and appetiser. Ksira parpati is light par
excellence.

47

'fawfanr. PrfRra- s^s^t fjpsnr^a- i

Paisfika bhaksya

The bhaksya prepared of pastes is hot in potency and
astringent. \i produces more of wind and causes flatulence. It
aggravates pitta and alleviates kapha. It is laxative.

48 49

fo$S*F$5TT ?TSm »[^>sfa5yf<TTRT: 113*11'

50

Virudhaka bhaksya

The bhaksya prepared of germinated grains is heavy. It
aggravates vayu as well as pitta and produces a burning sensation
as well as stickiness in the body. It is ununctuous and it
vitiates eyesight.

51

386 Materia Medica

52 53

Another variety

The bhaksya prepared of fruit, meat, vasa (muscle fat),
vegetables, oil cake and honey is a cardiac tonic, strength pro-
moting, heavy and nourishing.

54 55

Pupaka

Pupaka prepared of milk and sugar cane juice is heavy,
refreshing and cardiac tonic.

56 57

58

wrr w?5TR=f i^rra^ wt % *r^r: wmi ii^ii

Other varieties of bhaksya

The bhaksya prepared of gug*a, tila, milk, honey and sugar
is strength promoting, aphrodisiac and extremely heavy.

59

f^T: g^TftsRt HPSTT srsraft ^rqTf^TT: I

STTcrfq-TT^T ^m ^^ffesTgrp^T: II 3£ II

The bhaksya prepared by frying with ghee is cardiac
tonic, fragrant, aphrodisiac, light, alleviator of vdyu as well as
pitta and promoter of strength, complexion as well as eyesight.

60 61

3^TT 5RT^cr^f^H?TT: fa^^JFPJTT: II Vo u

The bhaksya prepared by frying with oil produces burning
sensation. It is heavy, pungent in vipaka and hot. It reduces
vdyu and eyesight and vitiates pitta as well as rakta.

62

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Totfarancmda 38?

The bhaksya prepared by adding fruit, meat, sugarcane
products, tila and masa is strength promoting, heavy, nourishing
and pleasing to the heart.

63

The bhaksya prepared by frying on a piece of earthen pot
over charcoal is light and aggravator of vayu.

64 65

The bhaksya prepared of kilata (a milk product) is heavy
and aggravator of kapha.

66 67

Kulmasa

Kulmasa aggravates vayu. It is ununctuous, heavy and
laxative.

66 69

5^07 ir^piftg ^s^rwf *rTf«rerr: \

70

Miscellaneous

A physician should know that the attributes and the
potency of a type of bhaksya is based on the attributes and
potency of the ingredients by which it is prepared.

71

II ffcT wfeff: II

Thus ends the group dealing with various types of yusa
and allied food preparations.

388 Materia Medico

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. ^PRTTTfa ?% fS#=PJ??r% TT5: I
gSRT ?rfbRmPr 5% OTP* <TT5: i

5 - ^t^^^^^W. ^fcT 3TR5^ TO: I

6. ^cgtRtsfrsrTf^t ?fa stfjtI to. i

7. q#f>t ffcT Wr^\ TO: I

8. ^rafTrr^R f^cr: sl% w^: to: I

9. 1^Ktl?W ff% STR^ TO: t

10. TWTT: ^T STT^ TO: |

11. ^qj^nrafsrq; ff% srr^ to: i

12. ^^to*rf£*f<j f% ?rr^ to: i

13. ^TSTFrf%^«r5q; ?% s an^g??i% to. i

14. ^w^f^ amrt ^#5*?!% ^ to:,

15. ^FfiFr^ft fftr wr^ tts: i

16. ST^^"! 1% aTT?#5?cT%^r TO: I

17. *ppr ^far «tr^ to: i

18. Tfa?f 1% 3TT^ TO: I

19. *f*foft f% ^3*<3T% TO: I

20. ^ f "s"fr sftr ot*^ ^<p3^% ^ to: i

21. ^ 3% 3TPf3: to: 1

22. ^t sftr wrcft: TO: I

23. 5gff # ?fcT srr^ TO: »

24. s«rcN ! frnrc*TTRr5ftr m^: to: i

25. arenfrt ffcr wr** to: i

26. spqr^iTT: 1% fftftag^ TO: I

27. gf^nrr: 1% sTTwr*: to: i

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Tofarananda 389

28. <frpTT: ?fcT STHit TTS: \

29. fTrRT^T sfir STf^" ITS: I

30. ^ftit f fir 5TT^5^r%^ <rrc. i

31. •CTbMI-H^T lf?T ?IW^ =^5^c!% ^ TT5' I

32. f ^*rr Tftfe^r: vreqr: ^qft^rV^RW^r: <^fir srr^t Tre: i

33. Pm^T ft% 5TT^: <TTS: I

34. Tf srH^rarr 1 fir ?tr^ tts i

35. ift^TCg; f fir stff^: <rre: i

36. gf^TT: f fir 3TT^ TTS: I

37. ^q;^T: sfir ftRffarjRpfr tfs: i

38. Frcntftfl^faRTst ?fir ff?foi$Ri% <TT5: i

39. *mTB& ^fir 5TT^ <TT5: 1

40. *rTf*rar: ^fir 3tt^: ^5^5?^% ^ 7T5. I

41. fi^T ^raPmwTT writ strt*?j snftRrr ifir mw$ tts: i

42. '^^TTf^W^rwnsg ^f'l^r:' ttstsjt T^rr^E^ ?flM<au<a i

43. srvfTT^Tf *^W: f fir ?!T^t5^r%g TT5: I

44. sreq- jt^ftpt^t't 'frrat%^i%sraf^^ 7^ *rf^rf&Rf 1

* w *—■ ft CV

45. S^PSJFSFPTT: f fir ffRF^ q"T5 1

46 ^sin firtnrr srTfirchrsrr: 5% srr^Fr tts: i

47. qffiSH^ffT TTSST: ^^f t TTTSr^tT' J TT. sfir STHf^ Tre I
48 fir^S^^cO": ifir Wfft 7TS I

49. faMfNnr. »r^"tsfiRfTrT$rT qrorsq- =^g;q-g^% ^<r?nrcrcr 1

50. ^stt: ^fir srnjrt qrs- 1

51. wm^tfT^^q-^^k^cm ^fir srT^T$F?r%'j to: 1

52. "STSF2TT: wfir m^C VT5: I

53. f "^JiT^qT ^fir STFf^ <TT5: I

f'^rR*RTT sfir ^#3^% its- i

390 Materia Medica

54. i^CTtatfrrr- ifa stt^ <tt5: i

55. #%SFiwrwr %fa ^gq-3^% m: !
56- ^fo^nwr % fir ts?ft*rpa% qrra: i

57. tfSTT^?W?;r: f% mwk TIS: )

58. ^r^fr Tern ^fir stt^ tts: i
59- *r«n: ifir arret tts:i

60. 3T*rr: ifir arret trj: i

61. fTcFrT^sr^ir: % % TTw^s^Fpir tts: i

fafrfir%^mwf<T*Fff^T: ^fir arret ire: i

63. ^TTffrcTepreg; sfir fwte3?<re qrs: i

64. ^remsrcift ^ fir srret qrs: l

65. *rerr: ^fir m^: tts- i
66 ^«?rr: ifir srret tfs: i

67. *rcjre5frP?*rr*F?n:'T 'srrfsr^g sra^infad "R *3cf ?tt. i
t*tt: ^%fert<rrt tfrspTFiftfirer T^cr j
TtfsreT ^q^rg^jrrfq-xr^T ^rcrgc^re: i

fffararr f^=rt%^r: istrtt *rs-qfr f^qcrscrg: i
^RT5rT5i5Tirr%s: ^part ^^ffprr i

^s^t^r^jr^r **rar ^rfefafrrar i
tTcns; ^jttt% t^t fa^qNrrcsFrejT i
smre^^^r w?itt f *^fr ^st?tt *iw. i

tfstrt fq-fe^r *ts;>tt <frf>reT ^scrjfr wm i
^fireT fwn-^arrg- ftsrwrr [f«raTjT%*rrq?- i
'^shtt ^qift ^c=qT ssrwr f fit t^^t i
P>r??T^JT5TFF?r ; ^^:fqrxr^^sr?r: i
^qfr^rfep^T^rw^^^TftrH^ i'

[msrsrerer: ¥crF s T^'T ^ : v^-v^]

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 391

%fsn? storwr sftm %*znt Tirefr wf : i
sFwfos ffcnrewft f^f^rfcTTrwrfTift" 1

392 Matena Medica

%f^FT cffccr snrfV 1 5f^rf r rrrTf^?TTq"^T i

fwffc*T?ft f^TT Tffd^raTf^iTl^iTR I
<$f%3fr ?T^T #cTT ^TT *Tjff *Fft*pCT I

^nrror: gg^rR^RrPr^rfwr^rT f err: i
q^^wf^ yftfk qfesrefrerr t

^rfw^r vr^T srsm nTTf *r<f TfftTT: i

53- %-^pirw1%^t fatrwRTpft ^r: I
g-ftra-T ^fsrerr Rsrit sfef ^rrsFrTcr^: i
qfTWJTqfx^nrq- q f^ T ^crg-fqftr i
%^r: ^?q-T fsTTcRirr faff ftt ^pwrr ffgr: \

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 393

ncrRWsrm %fe %? T^r f arrfNcr I

srfiraT srfqm ^rer spnaw^ gaT 1
33T «fft<r srwfT ?rfc?r^T TfT^Tf^crr 1

^T^pTvRv?: fofqR^^q- ^f^ftspT l

^sfq.^% 5rfsnpirq5r**r?r 1

68. ^5^1 ufcT m^\ <TT5. I

69. JTS^ror =er ?fcT 5TT^ qTS. I

70. -ff^Tft^f^?^ -^fcf STP^ TT5: I

71. 1% q-FTW?^*?: ^ffT m^k TT5 I

CHAPTER 28

12 3

4 5 6

Anupana

Cold water, hot water, asava, alcohols, yusa, phalamla,
dhdnyamla, milk and juice — these are generally used as anupana
and these should be used in proper quantity after ascertaining
their utility, the nature of the disease and its stage of manifest-
ation.

?T^f5TT%1 5TT JreffcT Srsrf jt^tw ^f^^rmT?^ II ^ II '

Among all the anupanas the water which is kept in a clean
pot is the best. It promotes intellect.

^s^q-T-r ^sft*T sr3r Jfm^: q~?:*r u 3 n

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 395

If there is aggravation of vdyu, anupanas which are
unctuous and hot are useful; in pitta sweet and cooling anupanas
are useful and in kapha ununctuous and hot anupanas are useful.
If there is ksaya (consumption) meat soup is the best anupana.

After taking oil, ghee etc. hot water should be used as
anupana. The oil of bhallataka is an exception to this rule and
cold water should be used after this oil.

sfhrte* srrfsmq- fq-seT^sr *r snfsr: iik.ii

10

" Er«hr «? i

After honey and pastries (pistdnna) the anupana should
invariably be oil, yusa, amla kanjika or cold water. Similar types
of anupana are useful after the intake of dadhi, pdyasa and
alcohol and in visa (poisoning).

11

%f%fcps£*T^ 5TTgig«TH g#<?«Pf II ^ II

According to some scholars ordinary water should be used
as anupana after taking pastries (pistd).

12 _ 13

Milk and meat soup should be used as anupana for persons
taking idli, mudga etc.

DLanyumla or dadhi maslu is useful as anupana for persons
taking masa etc.

14

T^nrnEftf^FrnTf =* t^^t^sft^ ii «; ii

396 Materia Medica

Alcohol is useful as anupana for persons suifering from
weak digestive power, sleeplessness, drowsiness, iosa (consum-
ption), bhrama (giddiness) and klama (physical fatigue) and also
for persons who are habituated to alcohol and meat.

Persons who are not accustomed to drinking should use
water or phaldmla as anupana.

15

^qm^T^^qr^T^^q^ft: mil

16

Milk is extremely wholesome for persons who are fatigued
because of fast, excessive walking, talking or sexual intercourse
and exposure to wind, sun ray or excessive exercise.

Madhudaka should be used as anupana by persons who are
emaciated because of excessive drinking and also for persons
who are obese.

17 18

For healthy persons anupana should be used in the middle
'the food.

%f s&tfwcrfTfbptr: sflrftreTTar^rr n ?? u

Patients suffering from sonita pitta (a disease characterised
I j bleeding from different parts of the body) should use milk
l sugar cane juice as anupana.

19

Patients suffering from poisoning should use the dsava of
aksa, selu and sirisa as anupana.

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 397

20

21

When anupana is used in excess quantity, then it is
injurious and heavy. If anupana is used according to the pres-
cription, then it helps in easy digestion of food.

22

23

24

Anupana is invariably appetiser, nourishing and aphro-
disiac. It helps in the detachment of all the dosas from the
tissue elements. It is refreshing. It produces softness and cures
physical as well as mental fatigue. It produces happiness,
stimulates digestion, alleviates dosas, reduces thirst and promotes
strength as well as complexion.

If anupana is used before food, then it causes emaciation.
If it is used in the middle of the food, then it keeps the dosas in
their proper positions. If it is used after food, then it produces
a nourishing effect. Keeping these facts in view one should
administer anupana.

26

27

^•^■^iTRTsrrsR'Tfr'Tq'R'Tcr: fq%r u ?^ n

28
29 30

398 Materia Medica

If food is taken without any drink, then it remains there
without undergoing the process of softening. Therefore one
should use anupdna. It should not be used by patients
suffering from svasa (asthma), kasa (bronchitis), diseases of the
head and neck, urafy ksata (phthisis), praseka (excessive sliva-
tion) and impairment of voice.

31

32
33

One should not indulge in drinking, walking, talking,
reading and sleeping in excess. By doing so the stomach gets
vitiated and the dosas situated in the throat and chest prodtlce
indigestion, vomiting and many such diseases.

34 35

[jmnrssipTir: spj^Rfafsr r* : v-^ \ \

In diseases caused by kapha the anupdna should be
administered in a dose of one pala (48 ml.). In diseases caused
by vdyu its dose is two palas (96 ml.). In diseases caused by
pitta the dose of anupdna is three palas (144 ml.).

II 5?3r<J<TT?Tfaf«r: II

Thus end the section dealing with the method of
administration of different types of anupdna.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

l. *r%fesf *rfre*f sr^r fm% m^m crt sfcr «rr^ qrre: i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 399

3. W % % ^5^5^r% TT3: I

4. STSJTTfw % % %cftT3*cT% TTS: I

5. fe^tr i% srr^: <tts: i

6. q^qrfa- ffa fefte3sa% its: i

7. iffatf ff?T f5<ftq"3*cl% TT5: i

8. STgTFf ^^5^1% ifa 3TT^ qT3: I

9. 3%i%snra3: qrs: i

10. 5f^T^^Tf%f5pspj;# s«hr =s %$s mwK tts: t

11. %f%f?^?rTT ^% %?fV3T3?cr% qrs: i

12. 3T<sft *rf*R3fr ^f?r srr^: ^ci;sT3?i3% ^ tts: i

13. ^f^^fezfrfcrcr^ % fcr srreRfg^j <rra: i

14. 5f*ra£i*ro^: ffir wra* to: i

15. sq^Ttfi^^Piwsft sfa fk^T3?^% to: i

16. ^qTs^cPT ^r qr^ <TT5: I

17. fenr ffcr srra^ qTS: I

18. sreresr^r ?fa sm^: =^3*3% ^ tts: i

19. «T=P$Tf %T>TTWf *mr*TC<J faqrri%<j ifcT iTK^cT% <TTS: I

20 ?fta ^ wfa qr^3^% tts: i

21. STsfHfcT ffcT STT^: TTS: I

22. 'XV^H ^^RT^^' TTStsq- ^5^3^% ^"tq?n:q% I

23. Sf£w*T^ S% fefta$E3% TT5: I

24. c^gTTff ffcT STT^t TTS: I

25. cPT^fta wftr fk^Tj^r <tts: 1

26. ^r^^rsft^rfRT^TRTcr: f % srrc^^ <rre: i

27. ?T fft g«^5T^" ?% 5»T^: TTC: I

28. SRftTSSp: $% 3TT^: TI3: I

29. T: ^^rs^t^^^T: 5% STFf^: TT5: |

400

Materia Medic a

30. <fi^i^m^r^^to^«TF=T % f% srr*^ ^5^3% =*r <tts: 1

31. sn^srnriw ?f?r snwgs^ qro: 1

32. *reTfrT*rre®3rM^T ^frr stt^: tts: i

33. 5P3<TTq ^fcr arr^ <rre: I

34. t fJ55-'T ffe fScft^^cT^ 7TC: I

35. ^TTTTf«nnT: ?i% =^g#jfgr% tts: i

CHAPTER 29

If citraka is not available, then in its place danti or the
ksara of sikhari should be used.

In the case of non-availability of prsra parni, one should
use siriiha pucchi.

If bhdrngi is not available, then talfsa or the root of
kanfakarT should be used in its place.

5r*n% sTfcTTTOSur ^^n =f f^ra^ n R 11

If dhanvayasa is not available, then duralabha should be
added in its place.

In the place of the drug which is known in the western

402 Materia Medica

regions as pumjata, one should use talavit.

If nata or tagara padi is not available, then in its place
veiju should be added.

sttt% criR^rrfa f*s g; srfe^c?r?T 1

If tagara is not available, then kusfha should always be
added in its place.

If karikana is not available, then one should use in its
place kukkufa mastaka.

If the sattva (essence) of abhraka is not available, then in
its place kanta lauha should be used.

*!>FcmfrT% cfapiTsftf *fta$ter #srarT*r: 11 «, u

If kanfa lauha is not available, then an expert physician
should used tik§na lauha in its place.

If murvd is not available, then in its place the bark of
jingini should be used.

^q^iffcrwr ^nn% ?nwt vz: 11 % 11

If the latex of arka parnl etc. is not available, then in its
place the yu$a of these plants is recommended.

An expert should use vahni patra in the place of langali if
the latter is not available.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 403

If ahimsra is not available, then in its place mana kanda is
to be used,

srernwr 3tw% % H^w^rer Terr i

If lak$mand is not available, then the root of mil kanda
should be used.

*rer t ^Hn: *j*r f*s wt^j .prr ^#: u =; u

If puskara niula is not available, then in its place kugfha
should be used by the Wise.

^f^m^rfq-cq-eq 5 !- fcrcq-sftsrsfcr^r ?*Rfr i

Cavikd and gaja pippall have effects like pippali mula.

■*re<?rTcPFr*r^ 5 T^^frrrcRT 11 £ 11

If a person is not able to tolerate bhallataka, then he
should be given rakta candana.

5PT1% sftTTFJJTPFg ST3?;TT3'qvyf TOT I

If somaraji is not available, then in its place the fruit of
prapunnada is recommended.

q-<*T T STrar ^fa^TT ?HST ^TT faW ?§: 1 1 ? ° 1 1

When daru ntia is not available, then the Wise should use
ni§a.

If rasdhjana is not available, then in its place darvi is used.

SfkF^STRift ^JTT *f>fe?fr eHS'TiIT 5T#: II \\ I 1

If saurdspi is not available, then in its place kafibhi which
has similar properties should be used.

If amla vetasa is not available, then in its place cukra

404 Materia Medica

should be used.

^^mrwr ^r^rr^r ^srt tH^^ ii \r ii

If rucaka is not available, then m its place pamsu lavana
should be added.

cr=r sfr!^ ^.Ttftr fVpsr^ §j sr? % fe^sm:* 1 1 ? 3 1 1

If the bhasma of suvarna or rupya is not available, then in
its place an expert physician should give tow/ia.

If suvarna is not available, then in its place the physician
should add maksika. If, however, maksika is not available, in
its place svarna gairika should be used.

The sattva (essence) of hema maksika is similar to svarna
bhasma in properties.

The white variety of maksika is certainly like rajata in
property.

WTO* § *!FF5f 3w. sfsrrfa *r - 1

If va/ra is not available, then the sages use vaikranta in its
place.

If karpura is not available, then granthi parna is used in its
place.

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todardnanda 405

3r<sT?r c§rcTzft#%: srf^srfvsp^nr; n ?V9 n

If srikhanda candana is not available, then in its place
karpura should be added. If both of them are not available,
then the Wise should use rakta candana in their place. If xakta
candana is not available, then the freshly collected usira is used
in its place.

If tdlisa patra is not available, then in its place svarna tali
is useful.

If ridga puspa is not available, then padma kesara is to be
used.

If kasturi is not available, then the Wise should add
kakkola in its place. If kakkola is not available, then the flower
of jati is useful in its place.

5ft5ft5T5lT'TPTT%' 5 gpT5f %5TT*T5q% II 3.0 ||

If nilotpala is not available, then in its place kumuda
should be used.

If the flower of jati is not available, then in its place
lavanga is added.

If vandhuka is not available, then in its place the flower
called punndga should be added,

406 Materia Medica

If bakula is not available, then in its place kalhara, utpala
and pankaja can be used.

If draksa is not available, then in its place the fruit of
kasmari should be added. If both of them are not available,
then the flower of madhuku should be used.

If both the types of each of meda, jivaka, kakott and rddhi
are not available, then in their places yasfi, viddri, aha-
gandha and vdrdhi should be added respectively.

srrerfrr^ ^wt^ ^q-^RT^t *r?r: 11 V* n

If varahl is not available, then in its place carmakaraluka
should be used.

If dadima is not available, then in its place vrksamla
should be used.

sft^nrrt 73ft *ftsr*r. *ng**T ^t snfmfr u v-t u

If milk is not available, then the juice of mudga or masura
should be used.

If the oil of rucaka is not available, then in its place the
oil of aruskara should be used.

^tCT^TT% fiaftfaTctf *TrfiFgf%; ?r ^V: II ^ l|

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 407

If mukta is not available, one can undoubtedly use mukta-
sukti in its place.

SPT^TWHR^I ^^T: WIcT %$: II Rs II

If honey is not available, then in its place old guda is
recommended. If honey is either not available or not suitable
for the patient, then in its place the Wise should use the juice of
rambha puspa or water mixed with khanda.

TR^TF'^nErre'^fr sirra; fore-fHr ftra-^^r irrii

If matsyandi is not available, then in its place a physician
can give white variety of sarkard.

A person proficient in medical science should use siddhar-
tha in the place of sarsapa.

3T*pt% %crr3TT^r 5^: wi sgsircr 11 ^s. 11

If sitd is not available, then the Wise should use khanda.

i^nfhrsr *r*n%sfqr |*fcn*?f ?FTTf%$ra; n 3° \\

If vetasdmla is not available, then in its place catxakamla
may be used. If both of them are not available, then in their
place, the use of hemantamla is advised.

T^crr , *rr%fwqTs'*n% %3Ts?rm- fcre ^r<r 113? 11

If ativisa is not available, then in its place musta should be
used. If siva (haritaki) is not available, then in its place siva
(amalaka) should be used.

408 Materia Medica

If it is prescribed in the text to give bhavana (impregnation)
by the juice of the leaf visamusti, and if it is not available, then
in its place the decoction of this drag six times in quantity can
be used.

If sali dhdnya is not available, then in its place sasfika etc.
should be added.

*P5tnrr«ra"t **nq; srar^n^mft" n 33 n

If mas urn is not available, then in its place the juice of the
meat of sasa, harhsa and dkhu can be used.

jft^JTrr^cRmi^ cR fsfa 3rT5TcTT II 3"* 1 1

The substitute drugs described in this chapter can be used
by a wise physician when the original drugs are not available.

^qT^f^^JT'T^Ssq^lT^f^^TUT II 3*. II

A physician well versed in materia medica should decide
substitutes of similar other drugs by taking into consideration
their rasa (taste), virya (potency), vipdka (taste after digestion)
etc.

In the- place of modd, yavanika should be used if the for-
mula is meant for internal cleansing and ajamodd should be
used if the formula is meant for external cleansing.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 409

3rf^ *F*rT3f?r #s* sr^fl^TRT [? ] *rcf*Tfaftr: [? ] m ^o u

In the place of vaca, kulinjana is used if the formula is
meant for internal cleansing. For external cleansing, however,
vaca as such can be used in the formula.

sift s^ f**re[»ft <sftoF: w^ [&*%] ii S^ 11

If any food preparation or medicine is described to be
prepared by adding krsna jlraka, then in its place white variety
of jiraka should be used by an expert physician.

liff?r 5Fpr?*re'f:u

Thus ends the chapter dealing with various types of substi-
tutes and allied topics.

CHAPTER 30

^t^^tt — 'aczrir^pffr crfrgrT i

TSmTTTfr A*ft ^ "TaTT^fefr^rTWT: 11 X II

Charity, good conduct, compassion, truthfulness, celibacy,
gratefulness, rejuvenation therapy and friendship — these cons-
titute the group which promotes virtue and longevity.

^rsirtTTrsrqr arar^cr: f%ir?r 3>rcf%ftiw**3r irii

Description of groups of drugs according to Susruta

What has been described in brief before clearly shows the
way for the treatment of patients suffering from diseases caused
by vayu etc. even to a less intelligent person who is not
acquainted with Caraka etc. It js not necessary to describe the

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 411

usage to which these drugs can be put by an intelligent physi-
cian who is specialised in the treatment of internal diseases.

crff!pR'T t M*T ftrcrf**nfa*h5<rair. ^"fta: u \ w

2

3

4

It has been stated by the sages that the human body which

suffers from diseases is a conglomeration of dosas, dhatus (tissue
elements) and malas (waste products). If there is morbidity in
this body, the physician should alleviate these ailments by the
administration of drugs. This has already been stated before
in brief. Now some of these drugs are being described by
putting them into different groups for the convenience of treat-
ment. These groups are thirty-seven in number. After ascertain-
ing the predominance of either vdyu, pitta or kapha and the
nature of the compound, disease and the patient, the physician
should administer these drugs after proper selection.

These drugs can be used in the form of medicated ghee,
medicated oil, powder, paste, unguent, spray, bath, drink,
asthdpana type of enema, amivasana type of enema, inhalation,
collyrium and suppository.

*£> so

5

<Ts!rfejTsrT'?rT£?rFcrT Trorr^T^reg sf??rTT nun

^12 Materia Medica

Susruta

Depending upon the nature of the do§as involved in the
manifestation of the disease, the physician should prescribe
drugs described in these groups either separately or jointly.
Even drugs of all the groups can be used together.

'cra«n —

\. f*rerfriraT firerft ftrar^rr sn^rr szipsp <r«r^qoff syjnarfcrjfrr

(1) Vidarigandhadi gana

This group includes vwfan gandha, vidan, visvadevs, saha-
deva, hadarhstra, prthakparni, srgala vinna, satavari, sariva, jivaka,
rsabhaka, mahd saha, ksudra saha, brhati, kanfakdrf, punarnava,
eranda, harhsa pad!, vrscikall and rsabha.

5ft^q-FTT?M^r?T^ra-f<?rM?r: iis.ii

Drugs of this group alleviate pitta and vayu, and cure sosa
(consumption), gulma (phantom tumour), anga marda (malaise),
urdhva svasa (dyspnoea) and kasa (bronclutis).

tE^TfsT g,cpft %fcT 1 1 ? o ||

(2) Aragvadhadi gana

This group includes aragvadha, madana, gopa ghonta,
kantaki, kutaja, paths, patala, murvd, indrayava, saptaparna,
nirhba, kuranfaka, guducT, citraka, sdrngistha, parusaka, both the
types of karanja, patola, kirata tikta and susavl.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 413

Drugs of this group alleviate kapha and poisoning, and
cure meha (obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes),
kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy), para (fever),
vami (vomiting) and kandu (itching). They also help in the
cleansing of ulcers.

^%f?r it \\ ii

(3) Salasaraadi gana

This group includes salasara, ajakarna, khadira, kadara,
kala skandha, kramuka, bhurja, mesa s.rngf, tinisa, candana,
kucandana, simsipa, s~irisa, asana, dhava, arjuna, naktamala,
asvakarna, saka, guduci and kaMyaka.

srr^TTrfsrPTr^ *m: ^femwt: i

^q-Ti^nr^T: spq&tft fa$ft«nT' II ?3 II

Drugs of this group cure kustha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy), meha (obstinate urinary disorders including
diabetes) and pandu (anemia). They also cleanse kapha and
medas (fat).

7

%fa u V* u

(4) Varunadi gana

This group includes varuna, artagala, Mgru, madku sigru,
tarkari, mesasrngf, putika, naktamala, morata, agnimantha, both
the types of saireyaka, bimbi, vasuka, vasira, citraka, satavari,
bilva, ajasrngi, darbha and both the types of brhati.

414 Materia Medica

Drugs of this group alleviate kapha and reduce medas
(fat). They cure Hirahijula (headache), gulma (phantom tumour)
and abhyantara vidradhi (internal abscess).

8

(5) Viratarvadi gana

This group includes vlrataru, both the types of sahacara,
darbha, vrksadanT, gundra, nala, kuia, kasa asmabhedaka, agnim-
antha, morafd, vasuka, vasira, bhalluka, kuranpka, indivara,
kapota vankd and svadamsfra.

^Rprffefato" »mfr 'TTarfaronrc'Tft i

9

Drugs of this group cure diseases caused by vayu, asmarl
(stone in urinary tract), sarkara (gravels in the urinary tract),
mutra krcchra (dysuria) and mutraghata (anuria).

10

*F5*3reraT: ^^ft %fo II \* II

(6) Rodhradi gana

This group includes rodhra, savararodhra, palasa, ku^an- ■
nafa, asoka, phahji, kafphala, ela valuka, sallaki, jinginf, kadamba,
sola and kadali.

T>^T«fWfT: f^tft spraff fa«srfa?mR- II H n

Drugs of this group reduce medas (fat) and kapha. They
cure yoni dosa (ailments of female genital tract). They promote
the power of retention (stambhana) and complexion. They
cure visa (poisoning).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 415

(7) Arkddigaiia

This group includes arka, alraka, both the types of
karafija, ndgadanti, mayuraka, bhdrgi, rasana, indrapuspl, ksudra-
svetd, maha svetd, vricikdli, alavand and tdpasa vrksa.

srctff^t Tift f> ^B^tf^rrqr^: i

frpTfSSWJT'jft f^%qrcr ww^: n "R? II

Drugs of this group reduce kapha and medas (fat). They
cure visa (poisoning), krmi (parasitic infection) and kusfha
(obstinate skin diseases including leprosy). They specially help
in the cleansing of ulcers.

^T^TTSTt f^mfe^%fcT II ^ II

(8) Surasddi gana

This group includes surasd, sveta, surasd, phanijjhaka,
arjaka, bhustrna, sugandhaka, silmukha, kalmdla, kdsamarda,
ksavaka, kharapuspa, vidanga, kafphala, surabhi, nirguridi,
kuldhala, unduru karnikd, phanjT, prdclbala, kakamdci and
visamusti-

srftiwr«rre^rwT?Riwsft ^orator: u R3 u

Drugs of this group alleviate kapha and cure krmi (parasi-
tic infection), pratiiydya (rhinitis), aruci (anorexia), ivdsa
(asthma) and kdsa. They help in the cleansing of ulcers.

S.. ^^q^WT^^^f%^^^^^^^T¥f^r ( TR^STTfl : ^qi5IT %% URY»I

416 Materia Medica

(9) Muikakddi gana

The group includes muskaka, palasa, dhava, citraka,
madama, vfksaka, iimsapa, vajra vrksa and triphala.

*TfFSh TTOf^Hpsr: SFfaTOT. T*:' II ?* II

Drugs of this group reduce medas (adiposity) and correct
the vitiation of sukra (semen). They cure meha (obstinate
urinary disorders including diabetes), ar§as (piles), pdndu
(anemia), and sarkard (gravels in the urinary tract).

q-TSTTTT^W^TT^T^TfeS'Tq-fcrf^t^W. II R^ II

(10) Krsnadi gana

This group consists of krsna, granthika, cavya, citraka,
vi$d, vi§vausadha, ajdji, pdtha, rdmatha, renuka, madhurasa,
siddhdrtha, tikta, usana, dtekka, §akra yava, ajamoda, trti, bhdrgl
and vidanga.

11
jj$ps*TEifr ^fsRnT3?r 3=r?:^T: spEurrfc ^tBT TOT:' IR<3II

Drugs of this group stimulate the power of digestion.
They cure gulma (phantom tumour) and §ula (colic pain). They
help in the pdcana (metabolic transformation) of dma. They
alleviate kapha, produce appetite and cure jvara (fever).

\ ? . ' tTWr^TTTf E5TT?fr«3TTir^c^^q-W?rFI qsqrftre^gforergrrm d ® % -
^7^#T^Sre^fprTfr S^TT^R %% II R* II

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 417

(11) Eladi gana

This group consists of eld, tagara, kusfha, mamsi, dhya-
maka, tvak, patra, naga puspa, priyahgu, harenukd, vyaghra
nakha, hikti, canda, sthauneyaka, srlvestaka, coca, coraka,
valuka, guggulu, sarja rasa, turuska, kunduruka, aguru, sppkkd,
usira, bhadra ddru, kumkuma and punndga kesara.

Drugs of this group alleviate vayu and kapha, cure visa
(poisoning) and promote complexion. They also cure kandu
(itching), pidaka (pimples) and kotha (urticarial rashes).

(12) (13) Vacddi and Haridrddi gana

Vacadi gana consists of vaca. ativisa, jimuta, japd, ddru and
sunfhi.

Haridrddi gana consists of haridrd, ddru haridrd, kalasi,
yasti and the seed of kutaja.

Drugs belonging of both these groups help in the purifi-
cation of the milk and alleviate ama as well as atisdra (diarr-
hoea). They specially help in the pacana (metabolic transfor-
mation) of dosas.

418 Materia Medica

(14) Kakolyadi garia

The group consists of kakolT, ksira kakoli, jivaka,
rsabhaka, mudgaparni, ma$apami, meda, maha meda, chinnaruha,
karkafa srngi, tugsksfrf, padmaka, prapaundarika, rddhi, vrddhi,
mrdvikd, jlvanti and madhuka.

Drugs belonging to this group alleviate pitta, blood and
vdyu. They are vitalizing, nourishing and aphrodisiac. They
produce more of milk and kapha.

(15) Dsakadi gana

This group consists of usaka, saindhava, Mlajatu, guggulu,
both the types of kasisa, hiftgu and tutthaka.

OTsjrrfe spq?* ff% *rqt irsftfe^ftq-or: 1

Drugs belonging to this group alleviate kapha and help in
the depletion of fat. They cure asmari (stone in urinary tract),
iarkara (gravels in the urinary tract), mutra krcchra (dysuria),
sula (colic pain) and gulma (phantom tumour).

%fa II %S 11

(16) Sarivddi gaita

This group consists of sdrivd, madhuka, candana, kucan-
dana, padmaka, kaSmari phala, madhuka puspa and usfra.

s-rfT^nrfe; PTTrarTsrt TrRfT^ft *m: 1

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todardnanda 4l9

Drugs belonging to this group cure pipasa (morbid thirst),
rakta pitta (a disease characterised by bleedmg from different
parts of the body) and pitta jvara (fever caused by pitta). They
specifically cure daha (burning syndrome).

Va. 3T^3T^T?TT3^^^r^Tsq-f5rq^H^ft?q tf ^^fcR%5ir?;Tffrr Tf^>
%% II ^ II

(17) Anjanadi gana

This group consists of anjana, rasanjana, ndga puspa,
priyangu, nilotpala, nalada, nalina, kesara and madhuka.

fesfrT^nn- ^ fa-f^rw^^n: *p*pt ii 3 s. n

Drugs belonging to this group cure rakta pitta (a disease
characterised by bleeding from different parts of the body) They
cure visa (poisoning), and acute form of abhyantara daha (burn-
ing sensation inside the body).

%fcT II Vo u

(18) Parusakadi gana

This group consists of parusaka, drdksd, katphala dadima,
rajadana, kataka phala, saka phala and triphala.

12

[ger^; ^ ^ : 3.5(.-vv]

Drugs belonging to this group alleviate vayu and cure
mutra dosa (urinary disorders). They are cardiac tonic. They
cure pipasa (morbid thirst) and produce appetite.

420 Materia Medica

(19) Brhatyadi gana

This group consists of brhati, kanfakarika, kufaja phala,
pafhd and madhuka.

<TT^«ft*fr srfcqrfe'ftfr: PrenfSTsrnf^: i

Drugs belonging to this group are carminative. They
alleviate pitta, vayu and kapha. They cure arocaka (anorexia),
hrdroga (heart disease) and mutra krcchra (dysuria).

(20) Guducyadi gana

According to Arogya cintamani

This group consists of guduci, nimba, dhanyaka, padmaka
and rakta candana.

13

According to SuSruta drugs belonging to this group cure
trsna (morbid thirst), daha (burning syndrome), aruci (anorexia),
chardi (vomiting) and jvara (fever). They also stimulate the
power of digestion.

(21) Vatsakadi gana

This group includes vatsaka, ativisa, murva, bhargi, eld,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 421

katuka, usana, vacd, syonaka, ugra, panca kola, ajamodd, vella,
ajagandha, siddhdrtha, both the types jiraka and hingu.

Drugs belonging to this group alleviate vayu and kapha,
and cure gulma (phantom tumour), arsas (piles), para (fever)
and siila (colic pain).

(22) Mustadi gana

The group consists of mustd, pafha, both the types of ntea,
tiktd, vacd, eld, ruk, visa, cara, dp, eld and sdrngisfha.

14
5?^: THTT' ??F*r: ^^Vt^RT^: II V\9 It

Drugs belonging to this group help in cleansing (sodhand).
They are carminative and galactogogue. They cure stana roga
(diseases of the breast) and jvara (fever),

15

ipj«F %fcT fa^T^fatrafcfft^: II Vt; ||'

(23) Utpalddi gana

This group consists of utpala, kumuda, padma. kalhdra
red variety of utpala and madhuka.

Drugs belonging to this group alleviate pitta and blood
and cure visa (poisoning) and chardi (vomiting).

r*. 'fteft ^nrerar ftpfarc? <?,*pspt*t i

16

^renf «tt =srra«PFt fw^T^ra" sr^Rrar u k° ii'

422 Materia Mediea

(24) Triphala

Fruits of three drugs viz., harftaki, amalaki and vibhitaki
taken together are called triphala or phala trika. For this
purpose, one part of harftaki, two parts of vibhltaka and four
parts of amalaki should be taken.

[gsrjr : <§pn* : *»]

Triphala alleviates kapha as well as />itta and cures meAa
(obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes) as well as
kusfha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy). It is laxative,
promoter of eye sight and digestive stimulant. It cures vi?ama
para (irregular fever).

^r ytm fecftar ^ fw?rr *r?csRTfsf*r: nx.^11

According to some, the fruits of draksa, kharjura and
kasmarya taken together are also called phala trika. This second
variety of triphala is described by Caraka etc ,. Th ,- s type of •
triphala is useful in the treatment of diseases like rakta pitta (a
disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body).

17

(25) Tryusana

Pippali, marica and sttrithf— these three drugs mixed to-

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todardnanda 423

gether are called tryusana. It reduces kapha and medas and
cuies meha (obstinate urinary diseases including diabetes),
kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy) and tvagdmaya
(skin diseases). It is digestive stimulant. It also cures gulma
(phantom tumour), pinasa (chronic rhinitis) and mandagni
(suppression of the power of digestion).

(26) Tri karsita

Ndgara, ativisd and musta— these three drugs taken together
are called tri karsita. It alleviates kapha, pitta and vayu and
cures jvara (fever). It is constipative and digestive stimulant.

(27) Amalakyadi gana
This group consists of dmalaki, abhayd, krsna and citraka.

18

Drugs belonging to this group cure jvara (fever). They
are promoter of eye sight, aphrodisiac, purgative and digestive
stimulant.

(28) Trapvddi gana

This group consists of fr-opw, sxra, tdmra, rajata, krsna loha,
svarna and loha mala.

Drugs belonging to this group cure vitiation of blood,
krmi (parasitic infection), pipasd (morbid thirst), visa (poison-

424 Materia Medica

mg), hrdroga (heart disease), pandu (anemia) and meha (obsti-
nate urinary disorders including diabetes).

^Tmc^TFnmrr %fcr u «.$. u

(29) Laksudi gana

This group consists of laksa, arevata, kufaja, asvamara,
kafphala, both the types of haridrd, nimba, saptacchada, malatl
and trayamdna.

^WTirfcrTF^WT: ^jdwrf^nn^FT: 1

Drugs belonging to this group are astringent, bitter and
sweet. They alleviate vitiation of kapha and pitta. They cure
kustha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy) and krmi
(parasitic infection) They help in the cleansing of dusta vrarta
(suppurated ulcer).

(30) Ksudra pahcamTda

Groups having five ingredients

Prsni parni, sala parnl, both the varieties of brhatl and
goksura— all these drugs taken together are called kaniyas
panca mula. It is nourishing, alleviator of vdyu and pitta and
astringent, bitter as well as sweet in taste. It cures diseases
caused by the simultaneous vitiation of all the three dosas
(sannipata) and sirorti (headache).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 425

3?. f^^sfwr*F«r. sqfapp: 3>T$*rfr mzm t^ct i

(31) Mahat panca mula

Bilva, agnimantha, syonaka, kasmari and pdtala— these five
drugs taken together, constitute mahat panca mula. It stimulates
digestion and alleviates kapha as well as vdyu,

19

wi%f f^%s %f ssr^Srcra; n ^3 n'

Dasa mula

Drugs of both ksudra panca mula and mahat panca mula
groups, taken together, constitute dasa mula. It generally allevi-
ates all the three dosas and is effective specially when vdyu and
kapha are aggravated in excess. It is also useful in kasa (bron-
chitis) caused by the simultaneous aggravation of all the three
dosas, siroruk (headache), svdsa (asthma) and kikka (hiccup).

3^. 'fasrft wrfrwT wnistf" ^rarefr f^^rr i
^pnf fa^rfa^f ffirrgfeHsr qs^ipranr u^yi!

(32) Valhja panca mula

Viddri, sarivd, chaga srngf, vatsadanl and msa — these five
drugs taken together are called valhja panca mula.

It is aphrodisiac and it alleviates pitta as well as vdyu.

33. ^XT5^#Ttq-f^?^icTTWfr I

426 Materia Medica

(33) Panca kantaka

Kara mardaka, sairlya, tri kantaka, satavarl and grdhra
nakhl — these five drugs taken together are called panca kantaka.
It cures rakta pitta (a diseases characterised by bleeding from
different parts of the body), sopha (oedema), sukra meha
(spermaturia) and sukra dosa (vitiation of semen).

3<iT<T3*OT?f 5TJT ^T^SrepT?* f|cPT II

i 20

(34) ly-na panca mula

Kusa, kaSa, nala, darbha and kandeksu — the roots of these
five drugs taken together are called trna panca mula. It is useful
in the treatment of daha (burning syndrome), vitiation of pitta
as well as. urine and visa (poisoning). It cleanses the urinary
bladder.

SRfOT ^<n°Sc^f^fa«mf: II ^ II

(3 5) Kadambadi gana

The group consists of kadarhba, vdji karna, karanja, ksa-
vaka and guda. They cure vitiated kapha, pandu (anemia), tvak
roga (ordinary skin diseases), kus\ha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy), meha (obstinate urinary disorders including
diabetes) and visa (poisoning).

3V qJTsft ^gsNNfcrcpr^ffac d m « i °t» i : i

^^iss^T'SfefWd^ns^fftqw: II ^5. II

(36) Karahjadi gana
This group consists of karanja, vatsa, sairlya, susayi and

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 427

sapta parna. They cure meha (obstinate urinary disorders inclu-
ding diabetes), kusfha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy),
para (fever), chardi (vomiting), visa (poisoning) and vitiation
of kapha.

stafor. ?^cfr wt: 5Rwfa3r*T3rr<Tf: n \s° n

(37) Panca kola

This group consists of pippali, pippali mula, cavya, citraka
and nagara. They • stimulate the power of digestion and cure
diseases caused by kapha and vayu.

In brief these are the various groups of drugs. Keeping
in view the strength and otherwise of the dosas, their details
will be described in the section dealing with the treatment of
diseases.

Thus ends the 37 groups of drugs as described in Susruta.

Pdcana gana

The fruits of sana, mulaka and sigru, tila, sarsapa, saktu,
kinva and atasi — these drugs help in suppuration (pdcana).

428 Materia Medica

Ddrana gana

Cirabilva, agnika, danti, citraka, haya mdraka and the stool
of kapota, kanka and grdhra — these drugs help in the incission
of the abscess.

ffsqrqt PrfSsSSTHT "* c^R"^ S'fatf '

qr^ift^WTFTnirt ^TJTffa ^ SFRTffcr: II ^sV II

Prapidana gana

The bark and root of drugs which are slimy and the
powder of yava, godhunta and masa help in prapidana (which
takes out pus by exerting pressure).

5CTt«T5TTf5T ^qTUTfir ^NfaTlTr 5r«rrftft» : II OV. II

Sodhana kasaya

Sankhmi, koda, sumanas, katavira suvarcala and drugs
belonging to dragvadhddi group-— their decoctions help in the
cleansing of wounds.

sr3r»r?£rr ^ *&ft ^ 'ra'refir srnrenprT i
<mNr^^qiSTf^sr|f i 5rr|^rsr: u ^ 11

^S^IT 5ER"8frrd 5RTTf?T *R:f%HT I

21
spT*ftsf fVfivTT 5???ft ffXcTTST 5TT"Sf5TT II ^ II

Sam&odhana varti

Ajagandha, srfigJ, gavaksT, langala, putika, citraka, patha,
vidanga, eld, harenu, trikafu, yava ksara, various types of salt,
mar.ahsila, kdsisa, triphald, danti, haritdla and surastrajd — these
are the ingredients of the jpotion of suppository for cleansing of
wounds.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 429

These drugs can also be used through different other
pharmaceutical processes for the cleansing of wounds.

Pahca gavya

The urine, dung, milk, curd and ghee of cow taken to-
gether (in equal quantity ?) is called pahca gavya.

If these are collected from goat (a/5) then the collective
term used for them is pancaja and if collected from buffalo
(mahisa) then they are called pahca mahisa.

^T#g"^Ttflwr: ^Rft^SffTS^t: II ^o II

Medicated oil & Ghee

Medicated oil and ghee should be prepared of either
pahca gavya or pancaja or pahca mahisa by adding kasisa,
katu rohini, root of jati and haridra.

^f^r*3ftefft fqnsrq-r ^rdrPTFirfT u=;?ti

Samsodhana ghrta

The best variety of arka should be made to a paste by
adding the latex of snuhi. To this, the best of alkalies and the
root of jati, both the varieties of haridra, kasisa, kafu rohini and

430 Materia Medica

panca gavya or paHcdja or panca mdhisa should be added. With
these drugs the medicated ghee which is useful in cleansing of
ulcers should be prepared.

Sodhana taila

The medicated oil which is prepared of mayuraka, rdja-
vfksa, nimba, kotetaki, tila, both the types of brhati, sila and
a/fl is useful for cleansing of ulcers.

#§r ssqrffrr *r>qrft- wfor ^ cr*rr sjw i

Sodhana ciirna

The potion prepared by adding powders of kdsfsa, sain-
dhava, kinva, vacd and both the varieties of rajani is useful for
cleansing ulcers.

Sodhana rasakriyd

The rasakriyd prepared of the drugs belonging to sdla-
sdradi group, pafolf and triphala is useful for cleansing ulcers.

22 23

Ropana kasdya
The boiled and cooled decoction of astringent barks

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 431

which are not very hot in potency and which are exceedingly
ununctuous is useful for healing ulcers.

JsflrfrsrfllpTfT ^ *r&ft ^ucn: sertt: u =;*s u

Roparia varti

The suppository prepared of soma, amrta, asva gandha,
drugs belonging to kakolyadi group, praroha (adventitious root)
of ksiri vrksas helps in the healing of ulcers.

spttt ^ftJrarsTT *fr*ra?*mr ^f?^T i

Roparia kalka

The paste prepared of samanga, soma, sarala, soma valkd,
candana and the drugs belonging to the kakolyadi group is use-
ful in the healing of ulcers.

Ropana ghrta

The medicated ghee for healing of ulcers is prepared of
prthak parm, atma gupta, both the varieties of haridra, mdlatf,
sita and drugs belonging to kakolyadi group.

Ropana taila

The medicated oil for healing of ulcers is prepared of
kalanusafi, aguru, both the types of haridra, bhadra ddru,
priyangu and lodhra.

432 Materia Medtca

fwpr fTqj^rr syfter' sFT^ftg *smw^n 1

TsrfiFiT ■dq-iTTsf ftresfta' q-«n^>*PT u u u

Ropana curna da Rasa kriya

The powder of kimSukd, triphala, lodhra, kasisa, Sravana
and the bark of dhava as well as aha karna is useful in the
healing of ulcers. Rasa kriya of these drugs also helps in the
healing of ulcers.

3rq"T*n*rf$5r'Fsn" *r errerT'ft g^wr i

Utsadana

Apamarga, asva gandha, tala patrl, suvarcala and drugs of
kakolyddi gana help in the filling up of ulcers by granulation
tissue.

5TWc«IH^t^ ST5!r?aT«Wr«TOT II S.V II

Avas&dana

When there is granulation tissue m excess, then to bring
it to proper level, drugs like kdsfsa, samdhava, kiska, kuruvinda,
manafisila., kukJcufanda kapala, buds of sumana, fruits of sirisa
and karanja and powder of metals are useful.

*FRWPf*rsf ^t q«n*rnpr'*nfq- ^t i

Ayurveda Saukhyath of Todardnanda 433

Selection of drags

The physician should select either the whole group or
half of it or whatever is readily available out of these drugs
and use them in therapy.

24

II 5% *F&F&^*{ II

According to* CikitsS kalika

Barks of five trees viz., vatf, vata, udumbara, vetasa and
asvattha cure ulcers and inflammation. These are called pdnea
valkala.

'it ^r^ift -5ft3w: srr-sh": "fir —

?*r-f T5"f mfe [ ? ] ^cfe^ -f "pit j

ll ar^^nf: H

Asfa varga

Two varieties of kakoli, jivaka, rsabhaka, both the varie-
ties of meda, rddhi and vrddhi — these eight drugs taken together
are called asta varga. It alleviates pitta, promotes conception
and nourishment.

II ■frT'SS-fW^WH; II

Description

Jivaka and rsabhaka grow in the peaks of the Himalayas.

434 Materia Medica

Its kanda (underground stem) is like that of the garlic. Its
leaves are thin and fine.

According to another text

Jivaka has the shape of a kurcaka (brush). Rsabhaka is
like the horn of a bull in shape.

FLddhi and vrddhi which are well known in ko$ayamala are
the roots of creepers. These roots are covered with white
hairs. They are certainly laxative.

'ffe*3 ^fTm^WFT^f^frcf II ?°o ||

Rddhi is like a knot in the root and its fruit takes an anti-
clock wise turn. On the other hand, vrddhi has fruits which
take a clock-wise turn.

25

Maha medd, which is a root, looks like a piece of dried
ginger. It is unctuous, sweet and cooling. It has a foul smell of
fat.

Medd is white. It can be cut with the help of finger nail,
hlooks like fat tissue.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda. 435

Kakoli and ksira kakoli have roots like those of pivari.
They contains milky latex and they are fragrant. The lower
part of it is known as kakoli where as the upper part is called
ksira kakoli.

26

Kakoli is slightly white in colour where as ksira kakoli is
yellowish white like milk.

Thus ends the description of drugs belonging the group of
asfavarga.

?F*rRTTT?T

11 ffcsreffasft 11

Sarvausadhi

From another Text

Kusfha, mdmsi, haridrd, murd, saileya, campaka, vacd,
karpura and mustd — these drugs taken together are called
sarvausadhi. It alleviates the afflictions of bhuta (evil spirits),
pretas and graha. It cures /vara (fever). It endows the person
with auspiciousness. It also cures pdma (eczema) and prasveda
(excessive sweating).

436 Materia Medica

Sugandhamalaka

If the fruit pulp of dmalaki is added to the group of
drugs called sarvausadhi then it is called sugandhamalaka. It
cures diseases caused by the vitiation of pitta.

Tri sugandhi & Cdtur jdtaka

According to Dhurjafi

Sdluka, tuttha and sri puspa — these three drugs taken to-
gether are called tri sugandhi If sdluka patri is added to it then
it is called cdtur jdtaka. It alleviates kapha as well as pitta and
removes foul smell of mouth. It is highly praised by persons
who are well versed in the science of cooking.

f55rwf^r^f«?^Tcre§r^ft *Tcr ii ?°s. ii

u i% fTgTf^r^T5'3rfci% ii

Another view

Tvak, eld and patra— these three drugs taken in equal
quantity are called tri sugandhi or tri jdtaka. If ndga keiara is
added to it, then it is called cdtur jdtaka. Both of them cure
hrlldsa (nausea), visa (poisoning), durgandhi (foul smell) and
vitiation of vdyu and kapha.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 437

[jt>r^ttsr:: <t*3 5.5.]

Panca sugandhi

Kankola, puga phala, lavanga, jati phala and karcura — these
five drugs taken together are called panca sugandhika.

Varardha & vlifya puspak a

Candana and kumkuma taken together in equal quantity
are called varardha. If three parts of kumkuma is added then it
is called adya puspaka.

W^Tgirf^fiTc^tfi" STHTcft TSTWIW 11 ??^ 1 1

[jfT^RcfTT^T: TOU]

Maha sugandhi

Kumkuma, aguru, karpura, kastun and candana — these
drugs taken together are called maha sugandhi and named as
yaksa kardama.

27

srnsrR?! fprssnssf *raq*ir*nnf cr*r n \\\ w

The potion prepared of drdksd, dadima and kharjura
mixed with sugar and powder of laja along with honey and
ghee is called samtarpana or refreshing drink,

438 Materia Medica

sfstwt t^i^ f^^ft^^^^r: ii ??v ii
^Ft^Tf^f^s^Tf^m 1 ^ ^^Twfl" i

*rsr%$rfa3rrcTfar tt^^^^t^^ttt i

apnrra *revfr*rt*f tftfo^ «ftr*rfaz: i
fsreT^rs^rer^Msif *«rd *rar: ii \ ?is n
^tt ^fr^^^i i
Classification of drugs according to their taste

Group of Sweet Drugs

Ghee, milk, muscle fat, marrow, salt, godhuma, sastika,
kaseruka, srngata, gilodya, ervaru, mutrala drugs, drugs belonging
to kakolyadi group, alabu, kalaka, kataka, kasmctn, bhaksa,
kharjuraka, draksa, padma, karkatika, madhuka, sugar cane
products, rajadana, three varieties of bald, payasvini, tola, jaya,
payasya, goksura, kusmanda, kadali, meat, mukta, ksira morata,
priyala majja and vatama— these belong to the group of sweet
drugs.

Jaya is popularly called kapi kacchu.

^fwf«rm^ f^-^r ?rt«T5[Jt?TT-5rfir|cpq; u i^ M

wrrsrenp ^^ ^crpfrrtsr ^r^tf^r^q- i

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todardnanda 439

Group of sour drugs

Dadima, matulunga, pr.aclnamalaka, dadhittha, amalaka,
dried, nipa, kosdmra, nimbuka, bhavya, palevata^ kola, Iakuca,
fruit of vetra, badara, jambira, karuna, amla vetasa, rajata, amra-
taka, canakamla, kanjika, cdngeri. takra, dadhyamla, sura,
sauvlra. suktdka, tusodaka, dhanyamla etc., belong to the group
of sour drugs.

Tsrarrr} iirsrecf esrfspfrr *Fmn?sr. i

Group of saline drugs

Saindhava, aksa, vida, poky a, romaka, sdmudra, yava ksdra,
kha prasuta, svarjika and navasdraka— these belong to the group
of saline drugs.

sfr^spfrwr *jw ll HR II

^ 28

Group of pungent drugs

&#«/, drugs of surasadi and pippalyadi groups, vyosa,
amaya, rasona, canda, sumukha, mulaka, surdhva, fruit of
abalguja, extract of kola, langalT, piluka, suka nasdhva, lavanga
etc.,— these belong to the group of pungent drugs.

Vyosa is popularly called sata puspi.

440 Materia Medica

gfyg raw i * i ^ ^h^rftpft' ii ?rx. ii

cT«TT ^PFffaTpT f^T SRcftT^ II ?^ II
TPHTTOT *fTOT5ft fWRt TTfePT ^1

wjs<ft *m*r^ cr«rr Tr^fq-cq^f)- n n=? ii
&n%$&ft f^sfrsfrg-^: i s^%?fV ^fa^r ii?3°ii

Group of bitter drugs

Drugs of vyddhighnddi and guducyddi groups, mdndukT,
vaijayantika, both the varieties of haridra, sakrahva, varuna,
iksura, sarhkhini, dantl, dravantl, bjhati, syamd, saptacchada,
vyaghri, kosaphala, tiktu, karkofi, karavellikd, vdrtdku, kdravi,
gopd, kafabhi, sasf, vdtikd, vetra, karira, sumana, karavira,
trdyatndna, vrscikdlT, kumdrl, patikd, vrsd, samkha puspi, mcm-
srngT, markata, pippali, svddu kantaka, kastuii, bimba, nirgundi —
these and such other drugs belong to the group of bitter drugs.

Svddu kanfaka, is called vikankata vrksa. Sankhinl is
known as yava tiktd.

*wrsrTf?r. faiNTfe ^nwrsrTfc^crsrr i

^^TTnw^T^^^"Tf^f-55Tfq- ^ II ?3? II

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 441

^r^^5Tf^¥: ^frsnf5[^: 11 fr'3?ft °hhHi<: 11

Group of astringent drugs

Drugs of nyagrodhddi, priyahgvddi, kdkakoladi, and
ambasfhadi groups, fruits of triphala, jambu, amra, vakula,
sphurja, ndga vadhu, saka and vanaspati, drugs of sdlasdrddi
group, fruits of kataka, jhinta, sukuridali, cilli, jivanti, stmisa-
nnaka, kalambusa, nipdlankl etc., mudga, nivara etc., — these
belong to the group of astringent drugs.

Kdkakoladi group is the same as lodhradi group. Kundali
is called kancanara. Sphurja is called tinduka. Ndga vadhu is
known as sallakl.

ii ^fer wf^rrfT s^m w

Thus ends,the description of drugs classified according to
their tastes.

v&\ fr ?| °b K^^W^greref ^T ?T%?Tgqqp H S Rl < W : I

<|Rfrr^3Tf^?T^'!Tfrfra ^^T^TT^^^S**^^: 1 1 \ \ %\ I

[qcPETTfbr:]

Pc hcdgni

Murva, amhkd, daltana, suratia and saindhava — these drugs
taken together are called pahca hutdsana. It cures durndman
(piles), manddgni (loss of the power of digestion), yakrdroga
(diseases of liver) and grahdmaya (diseases caused by the
affliction of grahas). When taken in the form of a linctus, it
cures ddhya vdta (gout) successfully.

442 Materia Medica

ansr ^f^ft«T5TT^ % q- Tfr^ *r=5®f% wrfaq; \\%\\\\

Groups of drugs for samsodhana etc.,

Now groups of drugs used for elimination of dosas are
being described so that no mistake is committed in the
administration of therapies.

Drugs for Emesis

Madana, kutaja, jitnutaka, iksvdku, dhdmdrgava, lodhra,
krtavedhana, sarsapa, vidanga, pippali, karanja, prapunndta,
koviddra, karbuddra, arista, asva gandhd, madhuka sdra, vidula,
bandlm fivaka, svetd, sana puspi, bimbi, vaca and both the varie-
ties of indra vdruni — these drugs help in the elimination of
dosas through the upward tract.

30

11 l$* II

Drugs for purgation

Trivrt, danti, dravantf, saptald, samkhini, visdriikd, gavdksi,
chdgaldntri, nilini, phala, snuk, suvama ksiri, citraka, kiriihi,
tilvaka, kampillaka, campaka, ramyaka, pdfald, puga, hantaki,
dmala, vibhitaka, lingi, kanaka phala, guda, eranda, putika,
mahd vrksa, sapta cchada, arka, dragvadha, patra, jyotismati —
these drugs help in the elimination of dosas through the down-
ward tract.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 443

31

32

^nfk ii ^^RT^-srzft: <rmfw n sftfwf
MHroftfa ii ?3§. ii

Of drugs from tilvaka upto pdfald, roots are to be used,
from puga upto eranda, fruits are to be used, of putika and
dragvadha, leaves are to be used and of other milky plants the
latex is to be used.

SFH^?fYcg r^ eft SH m%TT% II l?Tt S3T53T f^r II ?Yo||

Drugs which are both Emetic & Purgative

Kosdtaki, saptald, samkhini, devaddll, hemdhvd and kdra-
velli — these drugs help in the elimination of dosas through both
the upward and downward tracts.

The juice of these plants is to be used.

f^7^JTf^fe^^f^%5Tn^f*n*^

f^fq-f^^^^fTiTfi^^rT^>fe^fft^^T^?^^-

snFf Tr?R0TJT€r3r??H^T*frfcT ftrdfa^Rvftfer 1 1 \ v ? 1 1

Errhlnes

PippalT, marica, vidanga, madhu sigiu, siddliurthaka,
sirlsa, karavira, bimbl, girikarni, kinilii, vacd, jyotismati, karanja,
arka, alarka, lasuna, ativisa, srngavera, tdlisa, tamdla, surasd,
arjaka, ihgudi, mesa srngl, matulungi, pllu, tinisa, sdla, tdJa,
madhuka, laksd, hingu, lavana, madya, sakrt rasa and urine —
these help in the elimination of dosas from the head.

IsrratoT ^cq-ifw I! i^ II

Of the drugs from karavira upto arka, roots are to be used
and the flowers of matulungi, murahgi, pilu and jdti are to be used,

444 Materia Medica

Group of drugs for alleviation of vayu

Bhadra dam, kustha, nisa, mesa srngt, bald, atibald, arta-
gala, kalaka, kacchura, sallaki, kuberaksl, vlrataru, sahacara, agni
mantha, vatsddanT, svadamstra, erarida, asma bhedaka, arka,
alarka, satavan, punarnavd, vasuka, vasira, karcura, bhargf,
kdrpdsi, vrscikali, dhattura, badara, yava, kola, kulattha etc.,
drugs belonging to the viddrigandhddi group and both the
varieties of panca mula —these, in brief, are the alleviators of
vayu.

Group of drugs for alleviation of pitta.

Candana, kucandana, hrlbera, usira. manjisthd, payasya,
viddrikd, iatdvari, gundrd, saivdlaka, kalhdra, kokanda, utpala,
kadali, murvd etc. and drugs of kdkolyddi, sdrivddi, nyagrodhddi,
utpalddi and trina panca mula groups these, in brief, are the
alleviators of pitta.

^T%JT^rT^fcr5yqq%cs|f^g;r^Vcr^l =1 kM ^trtt-

SPT:.!I ?v* II

Group of drugs for alleviation of kapha

Kdleyaka, agaru, tila parnl, kustha, haridra, sfta, siva, sata-

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 445

puspd, sarala, rdsnd, prakiryd, udaktryd, ingudi, sumanas,
kalcadani, langalaki, hasti karna, munjdtaka, lamajjaka etc. and
drugs belonging to valli panca mida, kantoka pafica mulct, pippa-
lyadi, muskakddi, vacadi, surasadi, aragvadhadi groups — these,
in brief, are the alleviators of kapha.

^RRffcf i cn=*ji<*w^ fk^^sm II ?V^ ||'

Proper dosage

If all these drugs are used in excess of the strength of the
disease, then after curing the disease, they produce other
ailments. If these are used in excess of the digestive power
then they, being undigested, cause flatulence. If they are used
in excess of the strength of the individual then they cause
mental fatigue, fainting and intoxication. Therefore, these
should be administered in appropriate dosage.

^?«Ffff€WI^>5¥fi^TTqi^^

snffifH% <Tft^i ii ?vu ii

Unwholesome food for a patient

Freshly harvested corns, mdsa, tila, kulmdsa, kulattha,
ni?pdva, green vegetables, ingredients having sour, saline and
pungent tastes, pastries, dried fish, dry vegetables, meat as well
as musale fat of goat, sheep and animals inhabiting marshy
land and water, cold water, kr§ard, pdyasa, curd, milk, butter
milk, alcoholic drinks etc., should be avoided by a patient.

asPFcfr q-^^FTTf^W "SfTf ^TH2T: T7I

El

446 Materia Medica

^rfi* ^ fflFF %fa WT* ?fTcW faf: II ?Vg. ||

Ingredients enumerated above from freshly harvested
corns upto butter milk aggravate dosas and they cause pus for-
mation. Kujheraka, Mgru, surasa, sumukha, suci, bhustrna, sukta
and cukrika — these are called haritaka.

war: H^JTifiRwrr^RT'l' m 3r«rf55irct i

-^zrr^<3T^T?5|f)r^rcf^T*rTerT?^, f^-fterFpT-
#?srt ?Tf¥m*r5s*Rf^pf: [?], srfreq - -

ft ¥#5TTfiT^T m»TT?5Tcr: q*q<W: II U» II

Wholesome food & regimens

(a) Rakta Sah, sastika, kanguka, kumudaka, panduka,
karamardaka, sugandhaka, kalama, sattapuffi, kumodaka, mvdra,
kodrava, udddlaka, syamaka, nandfmukhT venuyava, (b) ena,
harina, mrga, kuranga, mdtrka, svadamstra, karala, viskira, harita,
tittira, lavaka, kapinjala, vartimka, (c) mudga, makusfha, vartula
kalaya, masura, mangalya, canaka, ajdhaki, satina, masa

(d) citli, vostuka, nisannaka, jivctfiti, tanduliyaka, manduka parni,

(e) cow's milk, ghee, rock salt, dadima, amalaka, (e) celibacy,
sleep in a non-airy place, hot water, sleep and exercise — these
are, in general, most wholesome for all living creatures.

grsansNr

s?r*ft srr^i ^rcrn^FPrrsq^ sr*rpr^ it u? it

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 447

Among the samf dhdnyas (grains), masa is considered to
be the most unwholesome. This view is not correct because
masa cures diseases caused by the vitiation of vdyu, sula (colic
pain) and adhmana (flatulence). It promotes strength as well
as virility. Why should it be treated as unwholesome ?

33

Disease have different varieties and stages. Therefore,
physicians who aim at preservation of health do not fix a
particular drug for a particular ailment. There are however
things which are extremely good or extremely bad. For example,
milk is always useful whereas poison is always harmful both
for healthy persons as well as patients.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1 . This is the 12th Chapter of Ayurveda Saukhyam in
Todarananda and the opening invocation reads below : —

c

2. Twrq-f^^r>^T^^|«Hf'T^^'' ffcr tf*r*rgscT% TT5: I

3. ^^Tc^^^^?^tf^f'#^ir^Tcrf : qrTr^^Ta[' ff?r *«r*pjfcr% <rrs: i

4. 'fvpsrsr:' %fa fs^ftzpjScT^ TT3: I

448 Materia Medico

8. 'WT' ^fcT 5T«rW'T^^3 ; Fcr^'ft: TT5: I

10. <«ftsr' ?f% 5r«rTT^*r5?cr^jft: qrs: i

11. ffsssTH; ^srjen $T: 3* : RVR3 I

12. 'f^t^t ^fasn?:' TTstsif sr^nrrwr^cRnit: sfMrwi^ i

13. sre:5ir*r g^gr: ^ ^ : *°-m i

14. ff^sqir %%(Ji: ^ 3«? : X.Y-SU I

15. 3rs£»nr g«r,?r: ^Ms : !<3 i

16. sT^sqir ^«T o rr: g^T ^c; : s^^, zfto^Rrc: *{*$ l\3 I

17. sraszFfj; tfSTcT: f^ 3* : H* I

18 SCRIPT SrsTcT: ^T ^c : \o-\$ |
19. S 1 «sS3q-*r 5ET«r cl": STT 3* : ^-^° |

*N S3 S> Cs

20 &■&&* *r«r?r sm ?«; : vs^-o^ I
21- '^cTT' ffcT snTT^TJ^cRTEft. <TT5: I

22. '*«Tn>rt ff?r f%cfto3*a% tts: i

23. 'srfr' ^ftr fsdfajs^ <TT5: i

24. jf^s^ T>TT?Tr?FT: <T*5 £>5 I

25- "^fe^cf TSR^cra" Sfa JT^Tq^fr^cf^ift: "TT3: I

26. sP^EpiT WT^sr^T^r: ^fTrpTTTfe^'f. ?R? I

27. 'g-TSqTTSiT ' %fk STR^: TT5: I

28. era^r sfcr fe^q^^srg^cr qrre: i

30. 'flTiqWTOT^ft' Wfa ST«nrPr»rgs5PFift: VT5: I

'fir^aTOTPrcrdt' s far stt 5 ^ to: i

31. 'fwSRTT^f' sftr %^5^cT% q-rs: l

32. '%«rmr' ^f<r wt^: irs: i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Toa\irananda 449

33. This is the end of the 12th chapter in Ayurveda

Saukhyam of Todarananda and the colophon reads as
below :

CHAPTER 31

1

cr?frKT^TmTfT m&r*% ^4fo&% u ? u

Physicians resort to therapeutic measures only after
obtaining the knowledge of the names and properties of medi-
cinal substances. Therefore, for successful accomplishment of
the treatment of diseases names (synonyms) of therapeutically
useful substances are being described

f^TT fXfasFt <T*TT %cT3?r fasT^T 5TCr I
2 3

jttstt sR-arrrfrm ^t^^tt 5rpireT*r<rr 'n r h
srzpF«TT Tf*r fMhn £*rcft frfi«ft <=r*rr n 3 n

Harltaki

Siva, harltaki, pathya, cetakl, vijayd, jaya, prapathyd,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Totfardnanda 451

pramathd, amogha, kdyasihd, prdnadd, amrta, jivaniyd, haimavati,
putand, amrtala, abhayd, vayastha, nandi, sreyasi and rohini —
these are synonymous.

Amalaka

Dhatri phala, amrta phala, amalaka, sri phala and siva —
these are synonymous.

f^nfto^: *m*m\ ^rra": ^rsrr: u v n

Vibhitaka

Vibhitaka, karsa phala, bhuta vdsa, kali druma, vasanta,
aksa, vindhya jdta, samvarta and tila puspaka — these are syno-
nymous.

fWTT

fw«wr crq^^r ^ttstt #cst ^wt^rTT iiu.ii

Triphald

Haritaki, amalaka and vibhitaka are called triphald, when
taken together. Vara, sresfhd and phalottamd — these are the
synonyms of triphald.

s

Bhumyamalaki

Bhu dhatri, vahu patrd, jatd, tdmalaki and siva — these are
the synonyms of bhumyamalaki.

452 Materia Medica

Pracindmalaka

Pracindmalaka, pracT ndgara and raktaka — these are
synonymous.

srwT

Vasa, vrsa, simha mukhu bhisanmdta, dtarusaka, tiukla,
haimavati, sirhhdsya and vdj'i dantaka — these are synonymous.

*r<NY z&s?ft f^rr ^^srm^esrfr i

fttwft^raT fe'^^fTfgTT ^TflfTTftRt II c II

Guduci

Guduci, kundali, chinna, vayasthd, amfta vallari, chinnod-
bhava, chinna ruha amrta, para vindsim, vatsddani, candra hdsd,
jivanti, cakra laksand — these are synonymous.

f^r: srcTTff *Npt TT<?n:^r senw: n £ u

WSFfHwt *Tsr*nr: 5ltfe?ir: ^2-# jt?T: I

Bi/va

Btfva, Mafu, sattusa, malum, sadd phala, laksmi phala,
gandha garbha, sandilya, kantaki— these are synonymous.

Arani

Agni mantha, jaya, keii, arani and vaijayantikd— these are
synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 453

Patala & Kdslhapdtdld

Patala, kdma diltl, kumbhikd, kdlavintika, sthdlyd, amoghd,
madhorduti, t&mra puspd and ambu vdsini — these are the syno-
nyms of patala. Another variety of it which is called kasthapd-
tald has two synonyms viz., phale ruhd and sveta kumbhikd.

sfnnft *Frwd |tTrenwft TTsrTf^fJT 11 ir 11

Gambhari

KdsmasT, sarvatobhadrd, sri parm, krsna vrntikd, kambhdrf,
kdsmarf, hird kdsmari and bhadra parnikd — these are
synonymous.

6

^zffaFF: qsrfjjrer: &uk g;^ra: ^z^z: 1

7
^cr^SPfsr mz3T*r. z'zwr. ^??Rrr^j: 1

TT^TT^wt m*r%: fsrchsffcr: ^z^x. 11 ?3 11

Syondka

Syondka, prthu simba, suka ndsa, kutamnafa, bhuta vrksa,
khapdnga, tuntuka, sallaka, aralu, mayura jangha, sdluka
priyamjiva and katambhaka — these are synonymous.

454 Materia Medlca

Mahat panca mula

Bilva, arani, patala, gambhari and syonaka — these five
drugs, taken together, are known as mahat panca mula. They
are the promoters of digestion and metabolism.

*mi*z: WWvimz: <sr§T: sn^f^HP: II U II

Goksura

Goksura, trikata, kanta phala, svadu kantaka, go kantaka,
bhadra kanta, brikanfa, vyala damstraka, svadamstra, sthala
stngafa, sadanga, ksuraka and trika — these are synonymous.

srrrsrpjff tar wt €fa*rT fsrqnff qfajfY frsqrr i

•o

fa5TlT'fsrTfcr*reT ^wsiw*rcqfq- n \\ u

Sali parni

Sali parni, dhruvd, saumya, tri parni, pi tarn, sthira, vidari-
gandha, ati guha, dirgha mula and amsumati — these are
synonymous.

Print parni

Prsni parni, krostu puccha, dhdvani, kalasi, guha, srgala vit,
vrtta lata, pfthak parni and parnika— these are synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 455

^'?n^t =Rr^ft ftr^t qfe^t Trs^TTfsft u ?=;u

Brhat kantakari

Brhati, sthula bhantaki, visadd, mahotika vrntdki, mahati,
sithhi, kantaki and rdstra nakuli — these are the synonyms of
brhat kantakari.

^anf^FT spaf^RV ^re^rd fa-fefTsr^rr I

§ :^<rerf srrcr?ft srsT ^K-^isft % isnrftpift 1 1 hi i

Laghu kantakari

Kantdrikd, kanfakim, kantakari, nidigdhikd, duhsparsd,
dhdvani, ksudra, vydghri and duhpradharsini — these are the
synonyms of laghu kantakari.

8

%cTSTST ^"sf^NrTr WSHm SffWff^pin' 1

Sveta kantakari

Sita ksudrd, candra hasya, laksmana and ksetra duiika —
these are the synonyms of sveta kantakari.

Laghu panca mula

Goksura, sali parni, prsni parni, brhat kantakari and laghu
kantakari — these five drugs, taken together, are known as laghu
panca mula.

Dasamula

The ten drugs, included in these two groups viz., mahat

456 Materia Medica

panca mula and laghu pancamula, taken together are called
da&a mula.

9

J[fc£//z j ant/ vrddhi

Both #dy/z£ and vrddhi (jsukhd) are called laksmi, siddhi
and .yarva jam* priyd.

10

^fsr^sft TlWteft ^Tf^TRfV ^ifcepft WRRU

Kakoli

Kakoli, madhurd, vira, kayastha, vira suklika, dhvdnk?a koli,
vaya&oli, svadu mamsl and payasvini— these are synonymous.

/fafra kakoli

The second variety of kakoli, which is known as kslra
kakoli has two synonyms viz., satdhvd and ksirinl.

%?T ¥1T STTWPJff TpTfecrrsvrqTerTT II R3 II

Meda

Meda, sdlya parni, mani chidra, abhaya and adhara — these
are synonymous.

*5TiteT

11

Mahdmeda

Maha meda, vasu chidra, tri danta, deyaM and maqi— these

Ayurveda Saukkyam of Todarananda 457

are synonymous.

/z'va&a

Jivaka, madhura, srngi, hrasvdnga and kurca sirsaka — these
are synonymous,

Rsdbha, dhira, indrdksa, visani, durdhara and v?§a — these
are synonymous.

Asia varga

JFlddhi, vrddhi, kakolT, ksira kakoli, meda, maha meda,
jivaka and rsabhaka— these eight drugs taken together are called
asfa varga. They are cooling and exceedingly spermatopoetic.

^rT^«f<ssT affair *ti?jtt sfrsra^ft n ^ i»

Jivanti

JhantT, jivanl, jlvd, jlvaniyd, yasaskarf, sdka sresthd,
jlva bhadrd, mangalya and jiva vardhini— these are synonymous.

SB

n-gipsfV w^ftcnr^ *T«st*rw T^f^FT i

■^ ^S* s» sj *o

458 Materia Medica

Madhu yasti

Madhu yasti, klitanaka, yasti madhu, madhvlika, yasfyahva,
madhuka, yasti madhuka, jalaja and madhu — these are
synonymous.

m < wf f ^p^ctt ^>t¥>^fr fspjfs^T i

12

imrRm %^*reft ^t^rt^t ^t^t ii r* ii

Masa parni

Masa parni, krsna vrnta, kdmboji, haya pucchika, marhsa-
masa, sirhha mukhi, svadu masa and maha saha. — these are
synonymous.

g^TfqTiff ^g-^T ^Toff IJXfrpfV I
13

^m ifmt f%5ft %^V ^Ml^ifim ii ^s. n

Mudga parni

Mudga parni, ksudra saha, surya parni, kurangini, vanajd,
rangini, simbi, simhi and marjara gandhika— these are synony-
mous.

?T% W^fcT T£TT> sfV^JT^'fr *nj: II 3° tl

Jivaniya gana

Jivanti, masa parni, mudga parni, kakoli, ksira kakoli, jivaka,
rsabhaka, meda, maha medd and yasfi madhu — taken together,
they are called madhura gana (group of drugs having sweet
taste) or jivaniya gana (group of drugs promoting vitality).
They are heavy {guru).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 459

Eanda

Eran-da, dirgha danda, varuna, vardhamdnaka, citra,
pancdngula, vydghra puccha and gandharva hastaka — these arc
synonymous.

14 15

WPTT'ft ^s^fcT: STFF^ 5f^f«T: II 3R II

Rakta eran-da

Rakta danda, hasti karna, vyaghra% vydghratara, rubu,
uttdna patra, durvdta, dma vain and vacamcula- — these are the
synonyms of the red variety of eranda.

?rrfw?in" fTOTriT5TT vra^rq-mf^r n 33 u

Two varieties of Sdriva

Sdriva, suradd, dsphota, gopa kanyd, pratdnikd, gopdrigand,
gopa vallT, latahvd and kdstha sdriva — these are the synonyms
of sdriva.

There is another variety of sdriva whose synonyms are
krsna muld, bhadra candana and sdriva.

460 Materia Medica

Yavdsd

Ydsa, marudbhavd, anantd, dirgha mula, yavasaka, vdla
patra, samudranta, dura mula, ati kantaka, dhanva ydsa, tdmra-
rriuli, duhsparM, durdlabhd, durdlambhd, yasaka, kacchurd and
dhanva yasaka — these are synonymous.

JT^m'^t sfhfnrtaT f^rcrfafa-sFT ptctt \

16 17

^srj'sft t'^ =5T 'Tor: srfipf^spp: 11 3^ II

Malta mundl

Mahd mundl, lobhanlyd, chinna granthinikd, bhuta vrksa,
kulahala, lambu, sdluka kantaka, kaddmba puspi, mundl and
bhumi kadambaka — these are synonymous.

vvumw

Apamarga

Apamarga, sikhari, kinihi, khara mahjan, adhafi salya,
saikharika, pratyak puspi and mayuraka — these are synonymous.

18

Rakta apamarga

Rakta phala, vasira and kapi pippali—thess are the
synonyms of red variety of apamarga,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Totfarananda 461

19

KampUlaka

KampUa, recana, rakta curnaka, vrana sodhana, rohita,
rakta samana, reel and rahjanaka — these are the synonyms of
kampillaka.

grftrrr f?rf'^ surfer?^ Vtost n 3£ u

20

'T^HF g?T«flfV SRlRiWqY ^TJf^FT UV°il

Danti

Danti, ghuna priya, ndga danti, iighra mukulaka, upacitra,
nikumbha, visalya, udumbara cchada, akhu karni, vrsa, eranda,
dravanti, samvan, musikahya, suta Sreni, pratyak sreni and
kaphanjika — these are synonymous.

SRTtnH

Jayapala

Jayapala, danti ~bija and cincini phala — these are
synonymous.

21
22

$veta niSotha

Trivft, kumbha, arund, tryasra, bhandl* kufara vdhini.

462 Materia Medica

sarvanubhuti, trivrtd, tripufd, sarald and sita — these are the
synonyms of the white variety of trivrt.

ggfon ^F^Mf^^T T^CT f^^TT TcTT II VR II

Sydma nisotha

Trivrt, kald, kdla mesi, kdla parni, ardha candrikd, susend,
mdlavikd, masurd and vidald — these are the synonyms of black
variety of trivrt.

23 24

^sfWT^iT^ 3T1|T fSTOTSfr *RT3?ft I

25

i$*fa' sprasn - fwra^ft - fwrfeffV n *3 u

Indra vdru&i — two varieties

Indra varum, indrdhvd, vrsabhdksu gavddani, indrairvdru,
ksudra phala, visald, aindri and visddani— these are the
synonyms of indra varum.

There is another variety of indra varum whose synonyms
are citra phala, citrd, maha phala, dtma raksd, ndga danti, trapusi
and gaja cirbhifd.

WWW

sqrJWcT: ^fw^R: w^tfT: I

26

snrVq-fwr swra: : ^™ff *fKwft *r?r: ii y* u

Aragvadha, rdjavrksa, sampdka, krta malaka, vyddhi ghdta,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 463

karriikdra, pragraha, caturangula, drogya Mthbi, svamadru, karni
and dirgha phaJa — these are synonymous.

iftfspft ?ftf5*spT smart sftwT wn=rTf|ift i

^spf? "MfVl'+T ^TT p> p*TT fasftsRt IIV^U

M/fnf

NilinT, nillkd, grdmyd, sri phald, bhdra vdhini, rahjani,
kalika, meld, turn, tutthd and visodham — these are synonymous.

*r?*ifafrr =ft^t srwnraT fg^rifwr 1 1 vu 1 1

Katuki

Katukd, rohini, tiktd, cakrdngi, kafurohinf, matsya pitta,
kdnda ruhd, vrsna bhadra and dvijdngika — these are synonymous.

Ahkola

Ankolaka, tdmra phala, pita sdra, nikocaka, gupta sneha,
virecf, bhusitd, dirgha kilaka— these are synonymous.

Sehupda

Sehupda, vajra tunda, gandira, vajra tundaka, snuhi, sdmanta
dugdha, asipatrd, vajri and maha taru — these are synonymous.

464 Materia Medico

27

$f?ra>: snfcftasr: fT^rf: srw?^: n *° 11

Nimba, niyamana, neta, arista, pdribhadraka, sutikta,
sarvatobhadra, picu marda and prabhadraka — these are
synonymous.

28

Tftf?T«ft f%SR3f>: *PF*r» fesnrf^: I

Maha nimba .^a-p ■,,

Maha nimba, nimbaraka, karmuka, visa musfika, ramyaka,
girika, udreka, ksira and keia musfika — these are synonymous.

29
f^RlfcTcR: 4?V3t *|f%«r. vm^fW>: I

^farfitsffclW: ^rrff5T?Tf\: ^ftrTTcTfT 11X^11

Kirata tikta

Kirata tikta, kairdta, bhummba and ramasenaka — these are
the synonyms of kirata tikta.

There is another variety of kirata tikta whose synonyms
are naipala, nan tikta, parantaka, kanda tikta, urdhva tikta,
nidrari and sannipataha.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 465

Kutaja

Kutaja, mallika puspa, kalinga, giri mattikS, vatsaka,
kofl vrksaka and sakra bhuruhci' — these are synonymous.

^^W S^W sf^EBt TTsrqrEIWTT u k* II

Indra yava

The fruit of kutaja is called frufcz yava. Its synonyms are
kalinga, kaufaja, sakrahva, puruhuta and bhadra yava.

h^t: ®f>: fast xrs: fqgtenF: <k<jr; i

sparer* mv. ^T^ft f^-cryq-^T: II X.X. II

Madana phala

Madana, chardana, pindi, raffia, pinditaka phala, karahdfa,
tagara, salyaka and visa puspaka — these are synonymous,

30 31

5?ft-*r# igxi; jm wwr T^^ww^ u x^ ii

Kathkustha

Kamkusfhaka, kaka kusfha, recana, rahga nayaka, sobhana,
culaka, rasa, varanga and kimnubalaka — these are synonymous.

sftfTTt ^F^T^ftTt ^<Tiff =3" *tf*Wt II U.U II

Svarnaksiri

Hemahva, kanaka ksfri, hema dugdha, himavati, ksirini,
kdncana kslrl, kafu parnj and karstni — these are synonymous.

466 Materia Medica

32

33

Satala

Satala, vimala, sari, saptala, vahu phenika, carmasahva,
carma kasa, phena, dipta and nalika — these are synonymous.

ASmanta, mdluka patra, yugma patra, amla patraka,
slaksna tvak, asrna yoni, kusali and papa naiana — these are
synonymous.

34

srreqnteftersRr: *3?<t: %?r^ sffanfr %n 1 1 ^ ° 1 1

Kancanara, kdncanaka, pakari and rakta puspaka — these
are the synonyms of kancanara. A variety of this plant is called
kovidara. Its synonyms are kuddala, kundali, kuli, asphota,
udyalaka, svalpa, keiarl, srimari and hita.

35

Nirgwrfi, sveta kusuma, sinduka and rfmft* varaka — these
are synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of fodarananda 467

36

^cr^^Tfr ?rV^r%|^r ?ft?r3^r=p: (

Sephalika

The blue variety of nirgundl is called bhuta kesi, nfla
sinduka, nfla puspaka, sephalika, slta bhiru, dhanaka and nfla
manjarf.

Afasa .s/Tigf

Afera srngi, mesa valli, sarpa damspa and aja srngika

these are the synonyms of mesa srngi. There is another variety
of it whose synonyms are daksindvarti, vrscikali and visdnikd.

3?R3T 5%cT*rar "TSTtSFt ?fr#T^F: I

Sveta punarnava

Punarnavd, sveta inula, prthvika, dirgha patraka, visakha,
dirgha varsdbhu, punarbku and mandala chada — these are
synonymous.

Rakta punarnava'

Synonyms of the red variety of punarnava are rakta puspa
and kafhillaka.

4^8 Materia Medica

Cv -O Cv — *

Ksudra varsabhu

Kruraka, ksudra varsa bhu, varsa ketu and sivdtikd — these
are the synonyms of the small variety oZpunarnavd.

TTFTT

f^^mfcRSTT sfircft §31T ^ST II ^st II

Rdsnd, rasya, yukta rasa, rasand, gandha ndkulT, sugandha
mala, atirasa, Sreyasi, suvahd and rasa — these are synonymous.

^TT^iff ^VH ^ZTT ^T3ft«FTr ^«TT II ^ II

Aiva gandha

Asva gandha, turangdhvd, gokarnd, asvavarohaka, varaha
karni, varada, balyd, vdjikari and vrsd — these are synonymous.

wak»\\ ttsrstt ^T^Toff srcnfr^rr I

XVtft 5TRifV vrsqiiff grrSKT SRT II ^V9 ||

Prasarani, raja bald, cdru pat ni, pratdnikd; sarani, sdrani,
bhadraparni, suprasard and sore —these are synonymous.

stirrer*

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 469

SatavarT

m Satdvari, bhiru patri, dvipikd, adhara kantaki, ndrdyarti,
sata padi, satdhvd and vahu putrikd— these are synonymous.

Mahd satdvari

Pivari, divari, vari, abhiru, vahu putrd, mahd purusa dantikd,
sahasra viryd, kesi, tungini and suksma patrikd — these are the
synonyms of mahd satdvari (bigger variety of satdvari).

Bald

Bald, vdfyalaka, slta pdki, pddyodana, bhadraudani,
sabhangd, samdmsd and khara yasfikd — these are synonymous.

^tspst grtrgsqr sr^nr sprs^nr i

^TeETTJT'ft %W$fT ^T^T^Rfh^q^: II \9 ? II

Mahd bald

Mahd bald, vira puspd, sahadevd, brhadbald, vdtydyani,
devasahd, vatyd and pita puspaka — these are synonymous.

npf^t tptst^t fa^enr q%«r^T u \»^ n

470 Materia Medico

Ati bald

Vdlika, ati bald, bhdradvdji, vfksa gandhini, gdngeruki,
ndga bald, visva deva and gavedhukd — these are synonymous.

38

Tejavati

Tejasvini, tejavati, tejanya, kavalkald, mahaujasi, pdrijdtd,
sitd, teja and ati tejini— these are synonymous.

Jyotismati, vahni ruci, kanguni and kafubhf — these are
synonymous.

•JT5=FT>S3 ^^5T: %%*[ 5PP?T^ ^ It ^ II

Deva tf*ar«

Dewz ddru, surdhvd, bhadta ddru, sura druma, bhadra kdstha,
sneha vrksa, kilfma and sakra ddru— these are synonymous.

39
40

qfcnjrc: qfcresft JTSTcfhr: ^fosspr ii \s^ ii

Sarala

Sarala, nandana, citrd, nameru, dipa vrksaka, puti ddru,
puti vrksa, mahd dirgha and kila druma — these are synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda All

Puskara mulct

Pauskardhva, padma patra, pauskara, pauskaranghrikd,
kdsmira, puskara jafd, mTda, vira and sugandhika— these are
synonymous.

■ft

Kustha

Kustha, rogdhvaya, vapya, kauvera, pdribhadraka, pdrihdrya,
pdribhdvya, utpala and hari bhadraka — these are synonymous.

41
^spfe^qT J^TsfrjJ ^^T^ft ^TcTFqfq- UVSeill

Karkata srngi

Srngi. kulira srngi, vakrd, karkata srngikd, karkafdkhyd,
mahd ghord, srnginamrii and natdngi — these are synonymous.

ev v. cv c\ c. *»

Rohisa trna

Bhuta, rohisaka, bhutf, bhutika, sarala, trna, sydmaka,
yugala, paura, vydmaka and deva gandhaka — these are
synonymous.

42
43

472 Materia Medico

Katphala

Katphala, kumudd, kumbhi, sriparni, soma pddapa, soma-
valka, inaha kumbhi, bhadrd, bhadravatT and siva— these are
synonymous.

wrff

44

45

Bhdrgi

Bhdrgi, bhrgu bhavd, vdsd, kdsaghni, bhdrga parvani, khara
saka, sukra mdtd, phanji and brdhmana yastikd — these are
synonymous.

trrmrire

Pasana bheda

Pasana bheda, pasana, asmari bheda, asma bhedaka, sild
bheda, drsad bheda, naga bhid and naga bhedana— these are
synonymous.

46

fqi^?f f^q'^yfr ?rFTf[?ir srsfftf%Tcr- ii =;3 n

Mustd

Musia, vdri dhara, mustd, meghdkhya, kiuuvindaka, vardha,
avya, ghana, bhadra musta, raja kaseruka, pinda musta, visa
dhvamsi. — these are the synonyms of mustd. Another variety of
it is called ndgara.

«TT?T«pV

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 473

Dhataki

Dhdtaki, kunjari, sindhu puspd, pramodini, pdrvatiyd,
tdmra puspT, surakhya and madya vdsini — these are synonymous.

47

c c

5PHT 5Taf5TT MfaSPfSTT sft^rFsft q-5Tf%w=fV I

Vidarl kanda

Vidarika, vfksa valli, Vfksaka, ddviddlikd, srgdlikd, kanda
valli, svdduka, papa nasaka- — these are the synonyms of viddri-
kanda. It has another variety whose synonyms are sukld, ksira
sukld, ksira valli, payasvini, iksu valli, mahd svetd, ksiia gandha
and iksu gandhikd.

mfinnr

48 49 50 51

Maytka

Mdyikd, rail La, dusta, sad danta, sathamvikd, amvasthaki,
siici mukhi, kasdyd and idkafa mukha — these are synonymous.

cTCST: sp^: «Pf3a7te?rm' sr^^r^: 11 ■<=,- II

V drain kanda

Vdrdhi, mddhavi, grsti, saukari and vana mdlikd — these are
the synonyms of the plant vdrdhi kanda.

474 Materia Medica

Its root (tuber) is called kafi kroda and samvara.
TT5T

*ref?RBT q-FT%??V «f*reft f^s^for^i n =;€. n

Patha

Patha, arhvastha, vrhattikta, praanambasthaki, rasa,,
vara tikta, papa cell, sreyasi and viddha karnika — these are
synonymous.

*p3r? ^ft *nmnr ^r^ift jtwwti

Murva

Murva, devi, madhu rasa, deva srenT, madhu srava, snigdha
parni, prthak parrii, morata and pflu parnikd. — these are
synonymous.

*TfaTOT

Manjistha

Manjistha, vijaya rakta, raktahgi, kala mesika, rakta yasfi,
tamra valli, samanga, vastra bhusana, manjula, vikasa, bhandl,
chadmika and jvara nasini — these are synonymous.

52 53

fret "ftcTT ^TW^rfV fw ^fw^TTftir^fV u ^ I)

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 475

Haridrd

Haridrd, ranjanl, gauri, rajani, vara varnini, piy,di, pitS,
varna vatf, nisa and varna vinasini— these are synonymous.

Ddruharidrd

Another variety of haridrd is called daru haridrd and its
synonyms are ddrvf, pita daru, pacampaca, kafankaferi, pitadru,
svarna varna and kafankafi.

g^Erfr Titt JW$^r: jsSfr'cTT: II 5.V ii

Cakra marda

Prapunnada, edagaja, cakra marda, prapunnafa, dadrughna,
mardaka, mesa kusuma and kustha kfntana — these are
synonymous.

tftWtFft ffOTrqjijrrspr'nsr: ^TST^fopr II £* II

Vdkttci

Vdkuci, candrikd, soma valli, putiphald, ambara, somardji,
kfsna phald, avalguja and kdla mesikd — these are synonymous.

^HrTnsfr Sra^Tsft *tr#t. %srwr: i

54

?prp:^ ^'»R73ft ^f*»TT^: swaw II *^ l|

476 Materia Medica

Bhrnga raja

Bhrnga raja, bheka raja, mdrkava, kesa renjana, angdraka,
bhrngahva and surya vallabha — these are synonymous.

55
56

Parpata

Parpata, kavaca, rerju, pitrahd, yava kantaka, vara tikta,
parpataka, sprstika and carina kantaka— these are synonymous.

,3j* TO^ft ^) writer .

^?3^ ^T^TST ^fST^^jf^T^T II 5.=; II

Sana puspi, mdlya puspi, dhavarii, sana ghanfikd, vrhaf puspi,
svalpa ghanfd, ghanfa sabda and uru puspikd — these are
synonymous.

tUPTPTT ^S^mT WUTcfr f*rforFJ3JT I

srsnrar ffispmrr snfw wrtft^ ii 5.5. 11

Traya ma«<5

Tray a mdnd, suhrt trdnd, trdyanti, girl sdnuja, bala bhadrd,
krta trdnd, vdrsika and trdya mdnaka — these are synonymous.

53

Mahd jalini

Mahd jaUnikd, carma rangd, pita kalikd, avarttakf, tindu-

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todardnanda 411

kini, yibhaij.da and rikta puspika — these are synonymous.

Ati visa

Ati visa, Sukla kanda, visd and prati visa — these are
synonyms of ativisd.

There is another variety of it whose synonyms are syama
kanda, sitd. srngi, bhangurd and upa visanika.

♦ HHWl

sptsftN^ sfT^Tfn^t sfrnrsffar «t%^5Tt i

T^^JTTT ^fgrBT ?qT5WpP?ft WZ: II ? o R 1 1

Kakamaci

Kakamdci, dhvanksa macl, kuma blja, ghane phald,

rasayana vara, sarva tiktd, kakini and A-a/M — these are
synonymous.

sister ^Rfarfgr ^T^f^r^r §5ft*reiT i

59 60

"TRTSRT'K'V ^T=FT TTT^T^F'T WV CT2TT II ?o3 u

Kaka jaiighd

Kaka jangha, nadf kdntS, kakatiktd, suloma§a, pdrdvata
padi, kakd and madadhmd-karmani — these are synonymous.

61

478 Materia Ueiica

Lodhra

Lodhra, tirifa, kanma, tUvaka and santarodbhava — these are
the synonyms of lodhra.

It has another variety whose synonyms are ghana tvaksdra
and aksi bhesaja.

82

Vrddha d&ru

Vrddha d&ru, maha syama, jangala, jirna valuka, antah
kofara puspT, avegi and chagala — these are synonymous.

63

fcrotft ^>ra?teft %*rcrWt ttrtT i

64

Devaddli

Deva dali, vfnta kosa, devatdnga, garagarl, jlmuta, taraki,
venl, jdlini and dkhu visapaha — these are synonymous:

f'ETq-T^t ^r<rel ^<rr?ft fTq-Tfe^r i

65

sr^rfefft #£*nrr ^t^frnrT w^xwx u \o\s ii

Hamsa padf

Harhsa padi, hamsa padf, rakta padi, tri padika, prahladini,
klfa mart, ki(a ndmd and madhu srava— these are synonymous.

66

Somavaltt

Soma vatti, yajfia netd, soma ksiri and dvija priyd — these

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 479

are synonymous.

67

Nakuli

Ndkuli, suvaha, sarpa gandhini, gandha nakuli, nakule&a,
sarpa netra and clrita patrika — these are synonymous.

68

src<nft ift^ft *Jrra; sfhnft Twdt irtt i

Fa/a patrl

Vafa patrl, moham, dipani and raivati — these are
synonymous.

09
5T*^l«i«ffff?ft FT^T *$fejJ ifs^nfT'jft I

*TTFf>pft StlwW^T SW^TT TrCTTfe^T I ! ? o £ 1 1

Lajjdlu

Lajjalu, mohini, sprkkd, khadira, gandha karini, namaskari,
samipatra, samangd and rakta padika — these are synonymous.

70

Afu&ali

Musall, khalini, tola patrika, cana puspika, maha vrsa,
vr?ya kandd, kharjuri and tola muliks. — these are synonymous.

71

480 Materia Medica

72 73

-cfc'MTrerT mm&t ir^fr wr** s"Mt i

Kapi kacchu

Kapi kacchu, svayam gupta, kandala, duravagrahd, canda,

atma gupta, languli, markafi and harsani — these are
synonymous.

j^nsftcft TfaRt 5Tfe3<s>ft^TSFr: II \%\ II

Putranjfva, garbha kara, yasti puspa and artha sddhana —
these are synonymous.

Vandhyd Karkotj

Vandhya karkotakT, devT, human, visa ndsini, manojna,
ndga damani and vandyd yogesvan — these are synonymous.

Visnu krdntd

Visnu krdntd, nlla puspT, jay a, vasya and apardjitd — these
are synonymous.

3n5T3*ft sf^rcfV fktft€l ^rrftrffV i

^5^tV ^rfcrff ?rr *t«rr ^nrf^^Tf^fV 1 1 ?? 3 1 1

Samkha puspf

Samkha puspi, samkha ndmni, kiritj, kambu mdlim, karhbu

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 481

pu§pT, smrti hitd, medhya and vana vildsinT — these are
synonymous.

Dugdhi

Dugdhikd, madhu parnl, ksmriT and svadu puspikd — these
are synonymous.

WTS'ft spTWfncrf sr^r^wT Mrfew i

Arka puspT

Arka puspl, krura karma, jala kama and bhiriridikd- — these
are synonymous.

75

5T5^^cr«TT5^: ^TTTsfrrg^ snj: ll ^ II

Bhallataka

Bhalldtaka, anala, bhalli, vira vrksa, agni vaktraka, arus-
kara, aruska, tapana, agni mukhi and dhanu — these are
synonymous.

•%wfcfr

76 77

Cerapofi

CerapotT, dlrgha patri, kuntali and tiktakd — these are
synonymous.

sftoTTGtft S^^F: TTfecft efrcpftfaspr I
^^■Tftr^f^r^T sfTuTT ^%=3fT ^STIT^: 1 1 ? ^ V, 1 1

4g2 Materia Mcdica

Drona puspT

Drona puspi, svasanaka, palindi, kumbha yomka, chatra,
atichatrika, drona, kaundinya and vrksa saraka— these are
synonymous.

78

JTiSSFqqjf Vfrgzft c^st f^TT TT^ksft 1
sp<ffa^T *jf?H?T STTWTT tftT^Spft II ?R^ II

Brdhmf

Brahmi, sarasvati, soma, satyahvd, brahma carim, manduka
parni, mandukl, tvasti, divyd, mahausadhi, kapoia va/ikd, munika,
lavanya and soma vallari — these are synonymous.

gcr=s^<vrTWsptcnr stft g^f^raiT % *=fte*p=rT i

Swvaraz/d

Suvarcala, arka kantd, surya bhakta, skuhodbhava, surya-
varta and rati pnyd — these are the synonyms of suvarcala
Another variety of this plant is called brahma suvarcala.

JT^Sffsft

79

80

Matsyaksi, vahlika, matsya gandhi, matsyadani, toy a pippalf,
ambu valll, paMra, kacata, gojihva, gojikd, gobhi, dirghikd and
khara parnim— these are synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 483

'Naga damanT

Nagahva, damanT, naga gandha and bhujaga parnini — these
are synonymous.

81

TJ3TT ftPjff^FT cTTWr TfrF^T ^T^rf^r I

Gunja

Gunja, sikhandika, tdmrd, raktika and kakanantikd — these
are the synonyms, of red variety of gunja. Synonyms of the
white variety of gunja are cakrikd, ciida, durmasd and
kaka pTlukd.

82 83

Vellantara

Vellantara, dirgha patra, viradru and vahu patraka — these
are synonymous.

84

STWrpft ^TTSre: ^Tf^qr^ftf^nfr II l\R II

Vandaka

Vanddka, vrksa ruhd % sekhari, kdma vrksaka, vrksddanT
kdma taru, kdmim and apada rohini— these are synonymous.

85 86

484 Materia Medica

Pindalu

Piriddra, karahdta, tiksna kila and kurarigaka — these are
synonymous.

Chikkini

Chikkikd, ksavaka, krura, nasa samvedana and pap* — these
are synonymous.

87

Rohitaka

Rohita, dadimlpuspa, ruhita, kuta salmali, plihari, rohina,
rohf, raktaghna and parijdtaka — these are synonymous.

88

Moca rasa

Mocaka, moca rasa, salmali vestaka, moca niryasaka,
piccha, mocasran and picchaka — these are synonymous.

Aja gandhi

Aja gandhi, vatsa gandha, kavari and puti vwra/a—these
are synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Toclardnanda 485

Saireyaka

Saireyaka, scthacara, saireya, kimkirdtaka, dasi, pindi,
sairy'aka and w</« kantaka — these are the synonyms of
saireyaka. This plant with red flowers is called kuravaka, with
yollow flowers is called kurantaka and with blue flowers is
called arta galaka as well as vana undana vdki.

89

Giri karnikd

Sveta syanda, sveta puspa, katabhi, giri karnikd, sita apara-
jitd, sveta, visaghni and moha nasini — these are the' synonyms of
the white variety of giri karnikd. Its blue variety is called nila
syanda, avyakta gandha, nila puspa and gavddini.

?src: src3?r vww: sjftfarerrer. sit: ?t?t: i

90

Kokilaksa

Ik sura, ksuraka, dhvanda, kokildksa, ksura, taila kanfa x
ati ksuraksa, valika and sugandhikd — these are synonymous.

qpTwrfcr

91

486 Materia Medica

Karpasa

Karpasa, pafada, tula, chadana, vadara and picu — these are
synonymous.

STRICT 5ft?RT

92

Arama iftala

Arama sitala, deva gandha and kukkufa mardaka — these are
synonymous.

wrarara:

93

iO <o <o c\ o* c sa

Tdmra cuda

Kukkura dm, tdmra cuda, suksma patra, and mrdu chada —
these are synonymous.

*n*ft

94

Vamf

VamT, sarhkha dhara, vdri, brahmi and hima mocikfr — these
are synonymous.

Vala mofd

Vald mo fa, jayd, suksma patra and apardjitd — these are
synonymous.

^r<t'^t *w*nv "^ft^rfr sfnfspT.T *rar n wu

&rra pumkha, kdla sdka, pliharl and A a//A'5 — these are
synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 487

Mayura sikha

Mayurahva sikha and sahasra madhuka chadd — these are
synonymous.

Laksmand, putradd, rak ta, vindu patrd and ndgini — these
are synonymous.

9 97

Mdrhsa whim

Marhsa rohini, atiruhd, vrntd, carma kasd and kasd — these
are synonymous.

98

Asthi samhdra

Asthi samhdraka, vajra vallarl and krosfu ghanfikd — these
are synonymous.

99
100

^4rA'£7, surydhvaya, I siri, sadd puspd, vikirana, manddra and
vasuka — these are the synonyms of arka. It has another variety
which is called rdjarha and dirgha puspaka.

488 Materia Medica

Karaxira

Karavlra, asvaha, sveta pu§pa and sata kumbhaka — these are
the synonyms of kamvira having white flower. The other
variety having red flower has synonyms like canda, laguda and

karaviraka.

* 101

STxR: ft*ptf sfxTf ^T?TT n%^: 3T5: t

Dhattura, kitava, dhurta, devata, madana, satha, unmatta,
matula, turf, tarala and kanaka — these are synonymous.

102
103

Kalihari

Kalihari, vahni mukhi, langall, garbha pdtanT, visalya,
halini, smkrama and sukra puspika — these are synonymous.

fTRt

Kumar!

Kumari, mandate, mats, grha kanya and sapicchala — these
are synonymous.

wit

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todardnanda 489

Bhangd

Bhangd, ganjd, matulani, mohim, vijaya and jayd — these
are synonymous.

104

K&ficani

Kdncani, sona phalini, kakayu, and Arafca vallari — these are
synonymous.

105

Durva, iistd, sita kari, golomi and sata parvikd — these are
the synonyms of one variety of durva. Synonyms of the
other variety are sveta, £veta danda, bhdrgavi, durmana and ruhd.

Tr^s^rf tt^tw iTc^Tsfr ^sn^rt i

Ganda durva

Ganda durva, matsya gandhd, matsydksl and sakuladani —
these are synonymous.

106

3>rcn vgfts: ^T%s|fT'SR>: S^Rr^TRT: II W II

Kdsa

Kdsa, sukdnda, kdseksu, isaka and sveta cdmara — these
are synonymous.

107

490 Materia Medica

Darbha

Darbha, barhi, kusa, tiksna, siicyagra and yajna bhusana—
these are synonymous.

108 109

JTsr sjt ? «£5T*ro~f qTFrr^t sr^rir^ ii \i\ n

Munja

Munja, ksura, sthula garbha, vanahva, and brahma
mekhah — these are synonymous.

110 111 112

JVa/a, randhri, puspa mrtyu, dhamana, nartiaka and wa.ta —
these are synonymous.

118 114

Kcmsa

Vamsa, venu, kicaka, karmara and tvaa saraka — these
are synonymous.

SJTTOT'ft 'Wft

115

Khurasani yavdni

Yavani, yavanl, tlvra, turuska and mada karim — these are
synonymous.

sra^rcr

116

firertfa: wfw: qp5T<sfr 'rRrcW: II ?V.«. U

Khasa Khasa

Tila bheda, khasa tila, mkra puspa and latatphala — these
are the synonyms of khasa khasa.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardiianda 491

STUB

A~pM

Aphuka, ahiphena and aphenaka — these are the synonyms
of the drug prepared out of the juice of khasa khasa.

117 118 119

f^Tfrr *T?TW TTcTraT^I^^: II \\%. II

Pat&La garuda

Cilahafa, maha mulct and patala garuda — these are
synonymous.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

This is the 90ch chapter of Ayurveda Saukhyam in
Todarananda and the opening invocation reads as below :

1 . 'cr^TTcr srszr^r' ^fa Vvs^sfc TT5: I

2. 'snTSJTT' ffcf CTG3^cT% qrs. 1

3. 'STTW^T^cTr' ^% T^^ qrs.

4. 'STTf^r' ?fa <TO3*i3% TTS: I

5. '^r^sf ^fo sp^s^r tts: i

6. 'S^rRT^:' ?fa <9r<s33*cr% <TT3: I

7. 'ST^^^t' f% TE55^rf% qT5: !

8. 'sEfw' Wfcf TO5£^!% <TT5: I

492 Materia Medica

11. $«raT*nfr' ffcr 5rsT3T5^gr% ttst i
12 '^t% %iM\ =5r' wftr 'sp^5?fT% TTS. I

13. '*n=rcrT' 1% srssg*a% qrc: i

14. f ^fWrrI#d% TOT.' ?% qs^sprg^f «TT5: I

15 'fegN*r' ffa ^3*3% qrs: i

16. ^JyPffjft' 1% ^"pcT^T TTS: i

17. 'cT^rr' sfcT q-3=arJTC<Prr% tts: I

18.. 'srf^K.' ff?r *rssqjg% q-TS i

19. 'tf¥ ff?r «ns53?g% TT5- t

20. %cT' f% 5T«TlT5?cl% TT3: I

21. 'st^t' ?f% stsrj^ qrs: i

22. 'Pt3tt' ffa «r*35?cr% tts: i

23. '?pwtwt' ff?r ^sg?^ q-rs: i

24. 'TWTfeift' ^fcr ^jqj^cRi qrre: t

25. 'faqT^Y ?% ETSTT^rT^ TTS I

26. 'spiff' wf% srq-irg/cT^ qrs i

27. 'TTT^.' 5% "T^TqTSSg^cFPJfr: TTS: t

28. f^^FC' 1% ^3<j?f[% qrs: l

29. 'sprfcr^.' f% srswg;^ <tts. t

30. '"pT^' ?f<r 7^-^533^;$ ifr qi5: I

31. 'FTC - ' 3% T^^ITcrssJ^FT^lft: TT5 I

32. •tfKt' ifar 5T<WJ*cI% TT5. 1

33. 'TTfe^T' ^fa qT5=^iT3^% TT5- I
'jffrf^pf *f5T TOJRPfr TT5: I

34. '^ftefmV ffa 5r«ra^Ri% «rre- i

35. 'f%$qr?:fr:' ^f% T^nr3??r% tts: i

36. 'f%wr' ^fcr qrs^q-q;^^ <rre. i

37. 'srcrqr?' *fsr 5^*3^% tts. i

38. '%rBTfcT^r?f)-' ?% 5r«Prg*i!I% q-TS: l

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 493

40. '*r^r*rer:' ?% wss3*?r% qrs: i

41. '*T^mW ?fcf ^^3?cT% <T13: I

42. 'f fwr' ^fir <?^3^rr% qrs: i

43. 'TfT' 5% T^3^cT% TTS: I

44. '?nre?reT' ffg- «sps 3 q;^% i^; |

45. '5TpF' ffa <f^S3^g% TT3: I

46. '5F$T^:' 1% q^ePR-3^% <TT5*. I

47. '^rf^^Tfe^T' ^% 5pS33*cr% qTV I

48. 'ini%^T' ■?% T3=^Tr5^r% qrs: i

49. '^TfWT' f % ^S3^?T% TT5: I

50. '^f f% SPT^^ TT5: I

51. 'srefecf i% ^53^% qrs: i

52. 'Tfcr*fr' ff^r ^33^% tts: j

53. '*tW 1% ^33^% TT5: 1

54. '^r'^TT^r' ^fa ^ss3^ci% qrs: 1

55. 'W^2^:' *ftr **5pa% <TTS: I

56. '^^t' ffcT W^55^cT% TT3: 1

57. '^3^' f% ^33*3% TTS: I

58. 'STRfrRnr' ?f?T ^53^% qTS: 1
59- '*T5s:qrT' 1% ^533^% TT5: I

60. '^"TW %fa ^sp^T% TT5: I

61. '^rsftewcr:' ^f?r ^^3^% q-re 1

62 '^T»mT' ffcT STSTiTJ*^ qTS: I

63. '^TFr^' ffcr ^3"T^fr% qre: 1

64. -STTf^mTTf^ims' ?fa 51^^^^% qTS: 1

65. '^>s*rrfr' f% 5r«r5T^^% qrs. 1

66. 'sffirMtfV ^fcf qtsq;*3% qrs.

67. '37;sft' ^fcT ^^^^3% q"T5: I

68. '*frf|' ^fcr ^3^% tts- 1
69 '*irreft' f% spssqr^ qre. t
70. 'spre^f f fcr ^sq-J^ qrs: 1

494 Materia Medica

71. 'qtojft' sfsr t^st^t tts: i

72. 'srnrefr' if?r «**s<TS5i% tts: i

73. '?q - TW3«WV ffcT 5TaFP£Fcl% TTS. I

74. *?rTT' ^% «9T«3T??r% TT5: I

75. 'fa^SrftfaT^T'F:' 1% "sr^S"T?cT% TTS: 1

76. 'f^RqW %fo <TWT?3% TT5: I

77. 'f erSTT' 1% *SOTRI% TT5: I

78. 'spssf f% ^ot^t% <rra: i

79- 'T^T'ffa'f e^TfofY' ?fcr «r«s<£Ri% q-Rj: I

80. '^qftrsfrr' ^% cr^OT?cr% tts: i

81. 'ferfwf^rV ^fcr «n:sTOr% tts: i

82. '^hfT^T' %fk trc3<T*cI% qT3* I

83. 'sftas; #?"^renr: *fir q*sq??5I% <TTS: I

85. 'f«nrr«ir.' sftr gt^st^ tts: i

86. 'sFefiT^: f% «sps5<T??I% TT3: I

87. '^snrswr' ifcr q^nrT??^ qrs: i

89. c ^e#' ^fcr srsprr??^ <tts: i

90. 'tspFcrtfa-srfVgr.' ^fgr q-5s^?i% qre- i

91. '^?r: J ?f% wtsqr^ crns. i

92. <5FF=f^V ^% ^S>T?c(% TTS: I

93. '^f^s scrra^.' ?fa ^57*^% qis i

O S3 *» C\ ^ O

94. l ?mt' ?f<r ^sqr?r% ire: i

95. «7^T' ?fa 5T«r*m?r% ITS: I

96. '=sr«fsRn' ffir srarw^% its: i

97. 'spst' iffT sr«r*rq^Rr% qrs: i

98. 'sFt^f^n-' ^fcr q-WFF3% tts: i

99. 'wlr^.' i% sr«r*i^F5!% tts: i

100. 'JT^PPift^pf' ^fcT ST«T*IW% qj^: |

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 495

101. 'ens:' w% sr«rTq-^c!% tts: i

102. '^nNlcPfV' ffcT "sps5qT5T% VT5: I
103 •'wffPTftq'sPT' ^% T3^qrT?5T% qT5: I

104. '^reMY' %fa 5rsq-q-qrcr% qrs: i

105. 'W^sFT' ffcf T^TT 1 !?^ TT5: I

106. '^cT^TTTT.' ffcT ^37^3% qi3: I

107. 'SFWT 1 ^T ^5^3% "TTS: I

108. ^PTCsff ^% q"3=^-Trq-^cf^r qrs: 1

109. 'WTgr^Y %fa ^ZTZ-ffc "TT5: I
310. 'rTFfY ifcT ST^^c^ TT5: I
111 '*rsft' f fcT STWjT^ TT5: I

112. 'fa?.' ?fcT SFT'T'T'FcR? 173: t

113. 'fV^nF:' ff>T T^iTCR^ <TT5 I

1 14. '*srTc^T ! R' : ^c^fwrc^:' ff% ^S7^^% <n3: I

115. 'tra'Fft' Wfir 5T^TFr^a% TTS: 1

116. 'srsrq^r.' %fa q3SEr*rqT<T% qrs: i

1 17. 'fe^Tf ST' ?% q-3=*pTq?cT% TTS: I

118. 'ir^^r wf?r "^C5q??r% qrs- 1

^- C\ sD

This is the end of the 90th chapter of Ayurveda Sau-
khyam in Todarananda and colophon reads as below :

CHAPTER 32

5T"5t

Sunfhi

Sunthi, visausadha, visva, katu bhadra, katutkata, mahau-
sadha, srngavera, nagara and visva bhesaja— these are
synonymous.

STTsW

Ardraka, srngavera and kandausadha — these are synony-
mous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 513

27

Usira

Usira, abhaya, sevya, vira and vzrarta m&laka — these are
synonymous.

'tw^T *pfq?rr spTrcfr Tffyft ^w*pt u r? ii

Renukd

Renuka, kapila, kauntl, pcindu putri and hareriuka.

fsRTT: ^fw^fV 5TTTT ^tcTT^T ?ffeft ^rTT I

Priyangu

Priyangu, phalim, syamd, kantahva, nandini and laid. — these
are synonymous.

28 29 30

TTft^T <J£ ^T^T ^Tf ' qrfT^PT II ^ II

Paripela

Paripela, puta, vdnya, sukahva and paripelava — these are
synonymous.

31

Saileya

Saileya, sthavira, vrddha, sila puspa and silodbhava — these
are synonymous.

32

514 Materia Medica

Kunduru

Kunduru, mecaka, kandU, kha/jara, bhisana and ball — these
are synonymous.

Guggulu

Guggulu, sola niryasa, mahisaksa, palankasd, jafayu,
kausika, durga, deva dhupa, siva and pura — these are
synonymous.

33 34 35

Rata

Rata, sarja rasa, yaksa dhupa, sarja, agni vallabha, ksanaka,
sala niryasa, lakhya, asya talana and vara — these are
synonymous.

^srVrq-sp ;#5re spptw' sh^s: i

Sthauneyaka

Sauneyak a, barha cuda, suka parna and suka chada — these
are synonymous.

Coraka

Coraka, kitava, canda, dufrputra, samkana and ripu— these
are synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyath of Todarananda 515

q*Pf»ft

Mura, gandhavatl, daitya, gandhadhya, surabhi and fc«/F —
these are synonymous.

36

Karcura, dravida, gandha mulaka, durlabha and safi — these
are synonymous.

37

5T5t

Sathi, palasi, sadgrantha, suvratd and gandha mulini — these
are synonymous.

38

FfRrr sre? ^m^r %wt fanr? <?3T spiral ^w. \\ ^ u

Sprkka, srk, brahmani, devl, nirmdlyd, kulild and vadhu —
these are synonymous.

39 40

^fsrcwf ^"jsq- 5T^3^ f%^w^^r i

Granthi parni

Granthi pama, nila puspa, suka misDa and vivarnaka — these
are synonymous.

JTf^FT q-xfspV 5R1T 1%W"IT SFFft" 5TZt II R5. I|

516 Materia Medica

Nail

Nalika, nartaki, sunyd, nirmedhyd, dhamani and nap— these
are synonymous.

Padmaka

Padmaka, malaya, cam, pita rakta and suprabha — these
are synonymous.

Pundarika

Prapaundarika, paundrahva, satapuspa and supu§paka- —
these are synonymous.

zmi ^f|w f^r^r" -^*i^" *rf*f Tcr*r i

41

ST?-?: fqfsamr 4H ^z^xw^u 3? n

Tagara, varhina,jihma, cakrahva, nahusa, and nata — these
are the synonyms of tagara.

There is another variety of it which is known as
pindi tagara and its synonyms are dlna, katn and mahoraga.

Gorocana

Gorocana, ruci, gauri, rocand, pingald, mangalyd, gautami,
medhya, vandhyd and go pitta sambhava — these are synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 517

qr^t^t tot: firetfr llprW:?3: ^T: I

Nakhanka, nakhara, silpT, hanurnaga, harm, khura, sukti,
sankha and vyaghra nakha — these are the synonyms of nakha.

There is another variety (of it) which is known as
hyahya fala and pada.

<remr tstpt wrsRfRF® *&f*rm i

43

Patanga

Patanga, pata raga, rak ta kastha, L ucandana, surangaka,
jagatyakva, pattura 2ca&pata ranjana — these are synonymous.

44 45

mm fT^nft ttrs^jt ®nf«r. T^trT i

46 47

frm^TT sprJ^TCTTIfT TT^^t Trfispt *FT: I! 3K II

Ldksa, nirbharsana, rakta druma, vyadhi, palamkasd, kftnijS,
jantuda, asydhvd., ydvaka, raktaka and mala — three are
synonymous.

48

TTCt ^ft WW mjfl ^T?T?ft 3r?ft I

Par/>a?f

Parpafi, raRjani, kfsnd, yatukd, janani and jam— these are
synonymous.

$18 Materia Medico

Padma

Padmini, vtiini, nalinf, surya vallabha, kumudvati kairavirfi
kumudi and udupati priyd—these are synonymous.

T^T^Trorfcnrcr T^m^T *tnzt Terr 11 3^ n

Padma "cartyi

Padma cdrini, aticara, padmdhva and caratl — these are
synonymous.

^TST Jf^ifsfN 1 SITS" srcsffajfrq; I

<T%^ cTPTW TpsfW <T<«R^ ^fJT I

Sveta kamala

Kamala, svetamambhoja, sarasa, sarasi mha, sahasra patra,
srfgeha, sata patra, kusesaya, pankeruha, tamarasa, rajiva
puskareruha, accha, ambhoruha, padma, pundarlka, pankaja
saroja, nalini, nila, aravinda and mahotpala- these are
synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 519

Raktotpala

Raktotpala, kokanada, hallaka and rakta gandhika — these
are synonymous.

Nihtpala

Nflotpala, kuvalaya, bhadra and indivara — these are the
synonyms of nilotgala.

It has another variety which is slightly wh te and its
synonyms are kumuda, kairava and kumut.

Kalhara

Kalhara, hrasva pathoja, sanmya and saugandhika— these
aie synonymous.

49

Kamala keiara

Kinjalka, kesara, gaura, apita and kdhcanahvaya — these
are synonymous.

Padma bija

Padma bija, gdlodha, padmdhva and padma karkafi — these
are synonymous.

520 Materia Medica

50

Mjrn&la

Mrnala, visa, ambhoja, nala and nalini ruha — these are
synonymous.

51

Saluka

Saliika, salina and karahataka — these are synonymous of
the rhizome (muld) of padma etc.

srTcft fsnnrer xvft TFRft %*f?n jrgrr it w n

^HSTRft ^WSTTcfV 3"SRT*TT SRfcPFT II V* ||

Jatl

Jatl, priyambada, raff, malati and sumana — these are the
synonyms of jdti.

There is another variety of it which is yellow in colour
and it is called pirn pttspa and kahcana puspikd.

The white variety of it is called sveta jatl, svanzajdti,
vandha namd. and jayantika.

iwreft

52 53

Malati

MaUikQ, medini, mukta, bandhini and madayantika— these
sare ynonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyaih of Toaarananda $21

54 55

56

Yuthika

Yuthika, harini, bald, puspa gattdha, sikhartd^h svari^a

yuthi, para pita, ganikd and svarqa puspika — thess are
synonymous.

gpspifr ■tscttPt ^3"sqr w^ts^t n v« n

57

2srar3<s<TT ^ogrfir *pftnFT "grs%*reT i

TrfnT*T ■^fi^'sq'T SnOT3*TTftPFj|3 T II Vc; ||

■Sevotff

Kubjaka, bhadra tarani, brhat puspa, maha sah5, sata puspa,
taruni, karnikd and c&ru kesara — these are the synonyms of
sevati.

It has another variety having red flower and its synonyms
are rakta puspa, ld.ksd. puspa and atimanjula.

58

59

Ketakf

Ketakf, sucika puspa, jambuka and karkasa chada — these
are the synonyms of ketaki.

It has another variety which is known as suvarna ketakf,
laghu puspa and sugandhini.

522 Materia Medico

Vasanti

Vasanti, sarala, kunda, prahasanti and vasantaja — these are
synonymous.

Nepali, grismaka, Iut5, mlayirii, vana malika, varsiki,
tripufd, dhanya, srimatl, sadpada priya, madhavi, mandapa kami,
puspendra and abhisfa gandhaka — these are synonymous.

«J«Tf»T

60
61

qr^nr: tu^tst: %5rc: Terras: n w u

«S vO »v

Punnaga

Campaka, kahcana, ramya, campeya, surabhi, cala,

punnaga, patali puspa, kesara and satpadalaya — these are
synonymous.

62

erjer: %srft vsm^ 1%fr fesrRst: i

63

Vakula

Vakula, kesara, madyagandha, sirhha and visarada,
vukovaka, sthula puspa, vasuka and Siva sekhara — these are
synonymous.

I*

Ayurveda Saukhyam of To$arananda 523

Kunda

Kunda, sukla, sada pu§pa, bhrnga bandhu and manorama —
these are synonymous.

Muca kunda

Mucu kunda, ksatra vrk?a, civuka and prati visnuka — these
are synonymous.

%*pft spr:^: sftTFT fafe^rr *p§r^t. iixv.ii

Veld

Bhu mandali, bimba kila, dvipada, asfapadl, tilakd, ksuraka,
sriman, vicitra, mukha mandana, ganerukd, karnikdra, karni and
ganikarika — these are synonymous.

65

srsnsfte: 5TT?<T««ft sppHPEf ?W%: 1 1 K\ it

«o o c\

Bandhu jiva

Bandhu jiva, sarat puspa, bandha bandhuka and raktaka —
these are synonymous.

WW

srtTrT^T snrrT^F* fw>*rr ^irrsfsrar i

Japa

Japa pu§pa,japd rakta, tri sandhyd, varund and asitd — these
are synonymous.

524 Materia Medica

Sfndurf

Sinduri, rakta bijd, rakta puspd and sukomala — these are
synonymous.

gsreft

66

3«reft ipm *ft?r ^Tcpsft wf wsrft i

67

Tula&l

Tidasf, surasd, gauri, bhutaghni, vahu manjari, apeta raksasi,
grdmyd, sulala, deva dundubhi — these are synonymous.

68

Marwaka

Maruvan, mantka, tiksna, khara patra, phanijjaka- — these
are synonymous.

5*pft *rer?ft 3W: ?*ft *rfa%cft wf?r: n *.£ n

Damana

Damana, madana, danta, dama, muni suta, muni, gandhot-
kafa, damanaka, viniia and kula putraka — Ulese are
synonymous.

*uf<r?«n^> iwft areqr*: qrfbsn;: i
69

Kufheraka

Varvart, arjaka, kunfha, vaikunfha, kufheraka and

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 525

kapittharjaka — there are the synonyms of kufheraka.

There is another variety of it which is known as vaja
patra, katijara, kfsnarjaka, kala mdtd, karala and kxstja mallikS.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1 . This is the 92nd chapter of Ayurveda saukhyam in To4arU~
nanda and the opening invocation reads as below ;

2. 'vrrgwTxB' ^f% **s5?a% ^re: i

3. <%eq-' %fa <^psST??l% 'TIS: I

4. 'TfcT^T' ^fa T^PTO^r TTS: I

5. 'T^W*' ffcT ^3"?^% TTS: I

'sfrf^pF^r:' 1% sr^raw^ its: i
'jtWspft' ?f?r q-=3w<r??i% its. i

7. '^RTq^T^q-' ?fcT sr*rtPT?cl% TO: I

8. 'qV?PT' STTfT ^fo JT*PT<TS?r% TT5: I

10. *5^HP' ?% ST«PT5*5[% TTS: I

12. 'sjf' ft% q=^T3?g% <ns: i

13. 'srrpr' ^fe T^3"T5F?r% qrs: i

14. 'sn-fa'reY f% sr«TirT??r% <tts: i
15- 'wr' ^fsr srsT*rcw% tts: i

526 Materia Medica

16. *mfT#' ^fcT ^«CT'RJ% TTS: 1

17. 'msnftfcRf' s% <N^t??t% its: i

19. 'gr^id'qu^' ?f?T spptt??^ its: i

20. 'ft*rcr' *fir spnrrRrt? tts: i

22. 'srre' 5% spttt*?^* qre: i

23. 'gsreftes:' fftr TWJS5!% TT5: I

24. '*T^T' ^fcT TTT^F5I% TTS: I

25. 'qW *fer «r«sq*?r^ tts: \

26. 'fqi^r' ifor q*^w^?a% qrs: i

27. 'Jpf f % qwn=a% qrs: i

28. '^ftT'nw' f% 5ppft*?i% qrs: I

29. ■flftW' iRr spot|?5i% qrs: i

30. '^PHf' ^r sr«r*nre?T% qra i

31. 'qf^q^pf' *fir ^5q?cr% qra: i

32. *fti§Rf' ifgr T^qjF?r% qTs: i

33. '^z' sfo *r*5q*cr% qrs: i

34. 'wrerftzzrWr' ^f?r sr*nrq*a% qis: i

35. 'srersrcV ifa 5r*nrr??r% qra: i

36. '^tv.' ^f% 5r*PTq*a% qrs: i

37. 'HaV i% srwr^ qrc: i

38. 'srcY ?f% qwre^ qrs: i
•*reY f% 5r«T»rq^Rr% qre: i

39. '^fssn - ' fftr q%Tq^F?r% qrs: i

40. 'TrafT' sfcr qwr*cr% qre; i

41. 'fsnfnjfar' sfcf q , 'S3qfcr% qra: I

42. 'fq^prc' ffcr q-'^w^qj^jft: vw. i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 527

43. 'wf f% sr«PTT??flr ttc: I

44. 'isr^TTf '' 5% GpssT*^ qre: i

45. 'fw^TT' f fa <T'wr*?r% TO: i
'ffr^STCT' ?% T^STS^ TO: I

46. 'WR;' 1% **FTTf?T% TO: I

47. 'JTT^r=Ft' 1% V3WcT% TO: I

48. 'fra - :' ?ftr <srss<mr% TO: l

49. 'srgspT' sf?r t^j^ to: i

50 %5TC' ^fcT T'^TTT^^r ^T5: I

51. 'feqTnftsr'T' *fa sr«nr^r% to: i

52. 's^f-NV 5% «rssg*ia% to: i

53. 'tftpfl-' ffa q"^T3^?T% to: i
'jf^jfV ?f?r «r^^cr% TO: I

54. 'afsR' S% STT^*^ TO: I

55. 'f TWV f% 5T«T*T'TiFg-% TO: I

56. 'f%r^rf^5fV* ^% srsr*Tqr*a% <rre: i

57. '?cr!PTf*PFT' f% srsnrqr?^ TO: I

58- %?(KT' ff% ^57?cT% TO: I

59- 'srfcm' ^% qr^-Tr3^r% to: i
60 '^q-f^r^T' ?% q-"^T3?<T% to:

61. '^T^far^:' ^% ^^53?^% TO: I

62. '%^T.' ?fcT srsr*^^ qT5: I

63. %5PCt' S% ^'^3*3% TO: I
64 '^spi^V fftr q-GS3?ci% TO: I

65. 'fa^fwt' ^% q' : qiT3^% to: I

66. '^snr^' 5fa <^S3?3"% TO: l

67. '^eref ^i% q-*s3^% to: i

528 Materia Medica

,68. '%x&V ff?r spsstj^ qrs: \

69. '*m*( f% «TKsq^a% qTs: i

70. '5Fmm5n J s% q^q-j^ qre: i

71. This is the end of 92nd chapter of Ayurveda Sauk hyarh
in Todarananda and the Colophon reads as below ;

CHAPTER 34

1

2

=3"nft*FT Wf'?T crT^ftq - =3T ^TPFIT I

3

Suvarna

Suvarna, kanaka, hetna, hataka, brahma kancana, camikara,
sata Kumbha, tapaniya, tukmaka, jambu nada, hiranya, suratna
and jata rupaka- — these are synonymous.

■*&$*

4

Rupyaka

Rupyaka, rajaia, kustha. tara, sveta and vasuttama — these
are synonymous.

530 Materia Medica

Tamra

Tamra, mlecha mukha, sulva, naipala and ravi namaka —
these are synonymous.

*Fn=*f ?ftf ffpsrEpt^r i^^\^ st^wr* 11 3 n

Katbsya

Kamsya, loha, nija ghosa, panca loha and prakasana — these
are synonymous.

5

P/tfa/a

Pita loha, kapi loha, kapila, saukhya maraka, varta loha,
nrloha. rajarii and mrmahesvari — these are synonymous.

6

Vanga

Rahga, khtiraka, vanga, trapu, karati and ghana — these are
synonymous.

STTT

*ft*f STTipRf ^TT^T'T Tfdw«P*i; II X II

ST-aar, afoa/w bhava, naga, araga and /ran pistaka- — these are
synonymous.

7

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Togardnanda 531

Lauha

Loha, sastra,' ayah, kusfha, khanda, paravata and ghana —
these are synonymous.

Mandura

Krsnayah mala, kitta, mandura, lohaja and rajas — these
are synonymous.

<rrr*

T^wf fr*rw ^wufr wk^w xw. 5nr: ii oii

Pdrada

Parada, capala, hema nidh, suta, rasottama, trinetra, rosana,
svamin, hara bija, rasa and prabhu — these are synonymous.

Abhra

Abhraka, svaccha, acasa, patala and vara pitaka — these

are synonymous.

*r«r. *r>rfsRft %-sft tt^t^ttt ^srqfa^ \\ * \\

Gandhaka

Gandha, saugandhika, Ml, gandhasma and gandha pitaka —
these are synonymous.

532 Materia Medica

Maksika

Maksika, dhatu maksika, tapya and tapija — these are
synonymous.

*R:f5THT

8

fes^fsp^'f'PTTOT ^"t^cIT Tfftffp^T II 5. II

Manahsild

Manab iila, kid, gold, naipali, kunatl. kula, divyausadhi,
ndga matd, mono gupta and manohvikd — these are synonymous.

^fTcTTW T^f ?TF?f 'ftecf T^Epn-ir II \° II

Haritala

Haritdla, malla, tola, godanta and nata bhusana — these are
synonymous.

9

^nf cpif T^"f srirvT ^W'tfT^ 1 1 u II

Gairika

Gairika, rakta pdsana, giri mrt, gaveruka, svarna varna,
pararh varna, mandana and svarna gairika — these are
synonymous.

WZXWt^' ^FZTcT f%f%R7S =3" Z^WQ tl ?^ II

Tuttha

Tuttha, kharparikd tuttha and amrta sahga — these are
synonyms of tuttha,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 533

Another variety of it is called mayura grivaka and its
synonyms are sikhi kantha and tutthaka.

Kasisa

Kasisa, dhatu kasisa, khecara and tapta lomasa.

g«s«T crater

10

Puspa kasisa

Another variety of kasisa is called puspa kasisa and its
synonyms are tuvara and vastra rdga hrt.

11

Hingula

Hingula, darada, ml echo, saukata and curna parada — these
are synonymous.

12

Sindura, nagaja, rakta, srimat, srhgdra bhusana, vasanta
mandana, naga garbha and rakta raja — these are synonymous.

*fcfte#spf frctrf ^TH *ft*f g^T^ST'T I

Sauvira aHjana

Sauvira, anjana, krsna, k&la, nila and suvlraja — these are
synonymous.

534 Materia Medica

13

sfttffcpf cr tffcffof ^^sf qw?r m& n ?K u

Srotonjana

Srotanjana, srotoja, nadija, jamuna and vara — these are
synonymous.

wfsht T^rr^^f cTTsreNf ^ Wlffer^TT I
w*J frfaTf grr^zf foaf sf*ti T^ft^rafT 1 1 \ %\ i

Rasanjana, rasodbhuta, tarksa saila, vdrsika and rasagrya —
these are the synonyms of rasanjana.

It is also prepared artificially which is known as tarksya,
divya and darvl rasodbhava.

14

3"s<Tt5r?f 3"sq%g flfcnsr fgmsRir u ?vs u

Puspanjana

Puspanjana, puspa ketu, ritija and kusumanjana — these are
synonymous.

Silajatu

Silajatu, asmaja, saila niryasa, girisahvaya, silahva, girija,
saila, gaireya and gin jatu — these are synonymous.

15

Ayurveda Sauk hy am of Todarananda 535

Sola

Bola, gandha rasa, paura, nirloha, varvara and bala — these
are synonymous.

16
17

Sphafika

Sphatika, amjrtd, vandhya, karhksi, saurastra sambhavd,
adhaki and tuvari — these are the synonyms of sphapkd.

It has another variety whose synonyms are ntfttikd and

suta myttik a.

SPT^TT f%rfV «BT> WTfTSFBtTcsrgr: || ^o ||

Samudra phena

Samudra phena, dindari, phena, vari kapha and abdhija —
these are synonymous.

Prav«/a

Pravala, vidruma, sindhu latagra and ra&ta varndka.' — these
are synonymous.

18 19

t(\Tw^' *ft%sp iTTTrrw *ra>T ^ ^fwnT i r ? 1 1

Mauktika, motika, muktd phala, mukts. and suktija — these
are synonymous.

536 Materia Medica

Mfiitikya

Mdnikya. padma rSga, vasu ratna and suratnaka— these are
synonymous.

g^Nrfcr: ^farfor ^pfaafr ^^ftT5T: n ^3 n

Surya kanta

Surya kanta, sjurya'mani, suryakhya and dahanopala — these
are synonymous.

20

Candra kanta

Candra kanta, candra mani, sphapka and sphapkomala —
these are synonymous.

*ft5p5: ^STC <ftcf TxH War^T fT«TT II R 3 II

Gomeda

Gomeda, sundara, pita, rakta and trna cara — these are
synonymous.

^tor

21

jfiffra

Hiraka, vidura, vaj'ra, svdricakra and taraka — these are
synonymous.

22 23

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 537

VaiMrya

Nila ratna, nlla mani, vaidurya and vala varjana — these are
synonymous.

24

Marakata

Garut mat, marakata, drsadgarbha and harin mani — these
are synonymous.

Sukti

Mukiu sphota, abdhi manduki, iuktr and mauktika mandira-
these are synonymous.

Samkha

Samkha, kambu, jala cara, varija and dirglta nisvana — these
are synonymous.

Laghu samkha

Laghu samkha, samkhanaka, sambuka and vari sukti — these
are synonymous.

Kapardika

Kaparda, ksuraka, khara and khara vat tk a— these are
synonymous.

538 Materia Medica

25 26

Khafika

Khatl, makola, khatini, svetd nadi and tarangaka — these
are synonymous.

Gauda pasana

A variety of khatl is called gauda pasana and its synonym
is ksira paka.

qr^ ^T^t ttfr srprT. %3Kriw«rT n R* n

Panka and Valuka

Pahka is called kardqmaka and valuka is called sikata.

27

Curhbaka pasana

Cumbaka, kanta pasana, ayaskdnta and /o/za karsaka —
these are synonymous.

ins*

srtt: frf^jR-T?^ i&m f q-»T<Jr. wsnnaFnjr 1 1 ^ £ 1 1

itaca, kftrima ratna, pingana and Aaca bhajana — these are
synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 539

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. This is the 93rd chapter of Ayurveda Saukhyam in
Todarananda and the opening invocation reads as below :

2. ¥Fwf=fltsR f% q^^cT^ TTS: i
3 %V^[ 1% SJWJFF^ t TTS: I

4. *JHT ifcT q^53^?f% TT3: I

5 ?rffs[n^ %fa srq - ^?^ qrs i

7. frsr i% srq-Tf^r^ qis- i

8. ttt^V fftr 5r*pr$?a% qis. i

9 if^f ^% W5s^g% qrs- i

10 'WTtPT^ %fkt srsprj^r tts- I

1 1 tft^z irfgr 5Rr*r|??r$ tts: i

12 ^*rcFr§*f ¥f?r ^55?^% qrs 1

13. =3^ f% TBsg*?l% TT5: I

14. ^fVpsr fftr sr*nr$??i% qre: 1

15. ^twt?^: ffa ^53*3% qrs: 1

16. 3"<s<ft fftr srsriT3^?r% qrs: 1

17. snra^ -5% ^5^3% TTS: I

18. *ftf*RT tfsr T'^nrj??* TT5. I <n1fVh+ S% qn55g?a% qTK I

19. gfrftsf 5% sr«riT5??i% qrs. 1 sftfe^r <srcsq^r% qre 1

20. =^f>f?nTsr*Tftr: 1% ^5T^?i% its: i

21 . ^fT f% sJMq^r qrs: I

22. #$£ iffT 6r<ss7^ci% TT5: I

540 Materia Medica

23. STTW^ff \ fcT ?TS5TRi% <jr5 i

24. strew ^fa smTSflfc <tt5: i

55. «fcT*FT*5: \ fa «T«5^?f% ITS: I

26. 5TTW: 1% W*3qr?cl% 7TS: I

27. ^^: ?% q*5<T??r% qns: |

This is the end of the 93rd chapter in Ayurveda Saukhyam
in Totlarananda and the colophon reads as below :

fasT£T S*«rffVpf i WGtftfepfttf: ( ? ) I

CHAPTER 35

1

2

3 4

TO*TO T*erffe wnft*: ^m W/C: M ? U

„*4r wAi, nj^ifc*, ***»*!* ^nd ^mva-these are

synonymous.

sresrcsr

va.a, c*£ ito. ««W»0* ^d v«JW p«*y«-these are

synonymous.

542 Materia Medica

"S%^t: sN^efft" zfigfjtf: WSl^: I

Udumbara

Udumbara, ksira vrksa, jantu vrksa, sadd phala, hema
dugdha, krmi phala, yajnahga and sita valkala — these are
synonymous.

5 6

Kdsthodumbara

Kakodumbarika, phalgu, malayu and svitra bhesaja — these
are synonymous.

7
8

Wit sfl*nsf^: I

Plaksa

Plaksa, prya, cam vrksa, svaparsva, gardhabhandaka, vciti
and kamandalu — these are synonymous.

Nandi

A variety of asvattha is called nandi vrhsa. Its synonyms
are prarohi and go/a pddapa.

isswft Tim?i*T. srT^tiirr *r^>?rftr: i
*T?*ft sffsr^sr: ^qpfftqt ^T^^PF: II H u

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 543

Kadamba

Kadamba, gandhamat puspa, prdvj-senya, and maho inati —
these are the synonyms of kadmaba.

A variety of it is called dhuli kadamba. Its synonyms are
nlpa and raja kadamba.

Arjuna

Kakubha, arjuna, nandT, sarja and safha druma — these are
synonymous.

fsn?V<T

^IjKq-: wrfra""ff ^^^ffawPram - it o u

£irisa

Sirisa, plavaga, vipra, suka vfksa, kapitana, mfdu puspa,
sydma varna and bhandiram phala — these are synonymous.

3

Artagala

Argata, arta gala, vahu kanta and pratarsana — these are
synonymous.

10
11

Vetasa, vanjida, namra, vamra, dirgha patraka, nddeya and
megha puspa— these are the synonyms of vetasa.

544 Materia Medica

There is another variety of it which is called toya kama
and nikuhjaka.

Jala vetasa

Jalauka sarhvxta, ambhoja, nicula and Jala vetasa — these
are synonymous.

12
w^srwt f^srsrr 3©tw: ^n^uqTf^nFT 11e.11

Samudra phala

Ijjala, hijjala, gucchd phata and kaccha paliha — these are
synonymous.

13

5fij: sfcprsr Jff^F: $fc|«f>"t fgsrf^T^: II ?o u

Slesmataka

Slesmataka, karvudara, picchila, bhuta padapa, sclu, iaila,
sailuka, sailuka and dvija Lutsaka — these are synonymous

q% sfta sr§srr$ft €®W£^. wks&w: ii ? ? n

14

Pilu

Pilu, sfta, sahasraksi, tiksnadru, karabha priya, sahasrangi
and guda phala, — these are the synonyms of pilu tree.

Its fruits are called pilu and pfluja.

15

Wf>'< ^®€r Tfflrcngt sH^<rr *r?r: n n u

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 545

Saka

SSka, kara chada, bhumi saha and dhgha chada — these are
synonymous.

^ *** ** ^W,W ,

oa/a, sarja rasa, sarja, srlkrt and mdrica patraka — these
are synonymous.

Tamala, tapincha, kala skandha and as/fa druma — these
are synonymous.

17

Khadira

Khadira, rakta sara, gayatri and vala patrika — these are
the synonyms of khadira.

It has another variety which is known as sveta sara,
karmuka and kubja kanfaka.

Vit khadira

Irirneda, vit khadira, godha skandha and arimedaka — these
are synonymous,

546 Materia Medica

Babbula

Babbula, kim kirSta, sitaka and pita puspaka — these are
synonymous.

Vijaya sara

Vijaka, sanaka, sauri priya and kampolaka priya — these
are synonymous.

fkf?m

18

Tinisa

Tinisa, syandana, nemi. sarva sara and aima garbhaka —
these are synonymous.

19 20

Bhurja

Bhurja, bhuyas, valm puta, mrdu tvak and suksma patraka—
these are synonymous.

tT5TT5T

v^m fsp^p: fawff ^^r^rt ^fiTT^qr: )

21

Palasa

Pal&sa, kimsuka, kirmi, yajnaka, brahma padapa, ksara
srestha, rakta puspa, trvfta and samiduttama — these are
synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 547

22

Dhava, nandi taru, gaura, sakatakhya and dhurandhara —
these are synonymous.

23

Dhanvana

Dhanvana, gotra vifapf, dharmana and gotra puspaka — these
are synonymous.

^sffsspFiff ?%^sft WclT^ST: f^f^'T II ?£ II

Aja karna

Sarja, ajakarna, svedaghna, lata vrksa and kudehaka — these
are synonymous.

^rwr wtw. ?ra\ m*&m: % mv$: i

Varuna

Varuna, varuna, setu, Mka vrksa and kumaraka — these are
synonymous.

24 25 26 27

Jingini

Jingini, fanginT, jinga, sunirjasa, and modtkl — these are
synonymous.

28

548 Materia Mcdica

29

Tsnfrtf iJfwV %W!*n ^T^fontn- II ^? II

SallakT, vattakl, moca, gaja bhaksyd, mahernna, gandha
vira, kundurukl, susrava and ra«a karmka' — these are
synonymous.

Ingudl, bhillaka vrksa, kantaka and tapasa druma — these
are synonymous.

30 31

o c

Karahari

Karamvara, sundika, katabhf and trna Saundika — these are
synonymous.

-a

32

Muskaka

Muskaka, mosaka, ghanta sikhari and ksudra pdtdli — these
are synonymous.

ITftTSt frsppft Tr^T: smSFF' I

Paribhadra

Paribhadra, nimba vrksa, rakta puspa, prabhadraka,

ka^takl, parijata, mandara and kanta kimsuka — these are.
synonymous,

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 549

33

Salmali

Salmali, tulim, moca, kukkutt, rakta puspika, kantakadhya,
sthiila phald pichild and cirajivini — these are synonymous.

TFT^ sffaftPRT T^T Tf^TRT: II ^K II

Tuni

Ganemka, sripati, nakona and nandi padapa — these are
synonymous.

34

Sapta parna

Sapta parna, gucha puspa, chatri and salmali patrika —
these are synonymous.

fTTfTS^: tfT^W: sftTFT *fiTS*ftaT: tl ^ II

Haridra

Haridraka, pita varna, srlman, gaura drtana and vara —
these are synonymous.

Karanja

Karanja, nakta mala, naktdhva and #A/"ta varnaka — thes«
are the synonyms of karanja.

550 Materia Medica

Another variety of it is called putika, puti parna, prakirria
and cira bilvaka.

35
36 37

Karanjl

Karanjl, kaka tiktd, vayasyd, angara vallarl, tiriniksi, gaja
kanta, karanjl, cirini and dvipa — these are synonymous.

5T*ft

sr*ft %m wgm\ <rfw ^rfcwr i

Sami

Sami, tuhga, sanku phala, pavitrd, kesa hrt phala, laksmT,
sivd, vyddhi sami, bhusami and sahkarahvaya — these are
synonymous.

38

Sirisikd

Sirisikd, dindinikd, durbdla and ambu sirisikd — these are
synonymous.

TSTRhfT TcfNfar: ^cPE5TT*f*rTSR: II 3° II

Aristdka

Aristaka, garbJia pdtl* kumbha virya, phenila, raksd blja,
pita phena and artha sddhana — these are synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 551

fsrfaqrT q>fq<?rr frorr wa fr^qf^r i
«r*rr jfefirn *rc»rfwr WTfircftfa*fr i

Simsapa

Simsipa, kapila, krsna, sard and mandala patrikd — these
are the synonyms of simsapa.

It has another variety whose synonyms are kusimsipa,
bhasma pingald and visodhinl.

39

Agastya

Agastyahva, vanga sena, madhu sigru and muni druma —
these are synonymous

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1 This is the 94th chapter of Ayurveda Saukhyam in Todarananda
and the opening invocation reads as below :

g^T^re: *pjf ^rjw «ft€t*i src *pr srj Tf?r i

2. '"re:' sfa 5r«rR"«T?5r% <TT5: i

3. 'TsTfrff ' sfer 5r«nrr?cr% tts. i

4. 's^iftsr en' f f?r sr«firqiFcr% TT5: i

5. '«F*«T' ^fcT T*3»TS?r% "Trs: I

552 Materia Medica

7. '^^TTWSr.' ^fcT TOsq^[% qTS: I

8. 'fcrsnft' ?fcT «^S^cI% «TTS: I

10. Tsft «% sr«mq^cr% qre: i

1 1. 'q^gsq>^^qnTfV sfa *r«8^??j% qre: I

12. '?5TTc^sqrf5«nFrr* ^fa qspTq?5T% qrs: i

13. 'fs^fihRr:' sfcr q=qqq/cr% qrc: i

14. '^q-^f ?fiT sr2nrqjF?r% qra- i

15. 'srrer:' ^fcr T=5nrq'^rf% qre: i

16. 'Mif^-KVPerq^qr:' f% srq-qq?cr% ire: i

17. 'arcrsTT^T-' ^% *rsOT*cT% TTS I

18. '^*nrl*iRTqq?:' ffa q^sq?g% qTs: i

19. '^f^:' *f?r sr«nrjeer% qre: i

20. '^qqw^:' ^fgr sr«PTq^% qis: i

21. '<arfa§*nr: ?fcr q*mq*cr% qre i

22. '^l*iM)|' sf?r ^SfSRrtr qrs: I

23. 'q-wFrfsfr ffg- trc&fKrtr qre: i

24. 'WW *f% trr.S5?cT% qT3: l

25. 'sfftrcY f% <rss^Ri% qra: i

26. 'w' ?f?r cps5^^% q- T5; ,

27. 'JTtf^qfT' tfg- q^q<r^% TO: ,

28. '^r^' 5% q^flrq^r% q^: i

29. '%%?<&' %T^ **&$&&; q-^. ,

30. 'q^rvn:' ^ftr «tks3^^% qre- i

31. 'wrcrfsft-' f ftr ^sq^ qre. i

32. •jfanrt' ^f% sravr^tcfr qys: i

33. '§5r%» 5% qs&g^ft qrs: I

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 553

34. '^T^^f^TTTW^T' ?% ^1^^% TTS: i

35. '^q^TprnX^^fr' ^fcT 'T^TT'T?^ 7T5: I

36. 'fg-frfw®' ff?r sr*r*P^a% tts: i

37. 'n-^r^t^r' 1% t^tt^rt^ <rre: i

38. 'f%fef*T' %f& TG3q?^% qTS: I

39. This is the end of 94th chapter of Ayurveda Saukhyam in
Todarananda and the colophon reads as below :

CHAPTER 36

JTISTT

2

STPTT *3?q-*T<JTT 1«ff sg-cTPRSTT TTfifTrrfcrgr 1 1 3 1 1

Draksa, madhu phala, svadvi, hara hura, phalottama,
mrdvTkQ, madhu yoni, rasala, gostanl and gudd— these are
synonymous.

Ripe draksa is sara (laxative), sila (cooling), cakftifya

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Toaarananda 555

(promoter of eye sight), brmhana (nourishing) and guru (heavy).
It cures trsna (morbid thirst), jvara (fever), svasa (asthma), vata
(diseases of nervous system), vatasra (gout), karriala (jaundice),
krcchra (dysuria), asm pitta (a condition characterised by bleed-
ing from different parts of the body), sammoha (unconscious-
ness), ddha (burning syndrome), sopha (oedema) and madatyaya
(alcoholism).

Unripe drdksa is inferior in quality and heavy.

The sour variety of drdksa cures rakta pitta (a condition
characterised by bleeding from different parts of the body).

A variety of drdksa is without seed and is similar to
gostani variety in its properties.

The variety of drdksa which grows in the mountains is
light and sour. It cures asra pitta.

arnsr

sirf?: fTspsfg; ?qT3*rra': ^rtrewra n * u
srrat srnft y^i^Mifqriauii*-!; ^r^ i

3
4

■^sparer wz: fw^ft TT^nft 5r<?R%<3r i

Antra

Antra, vanotsava, cuta, sahakara, ati saurabha, makanda,
pika baudhu, rasdla and kdma vallabha — these are synonymous.

Amra is grdhf (constipative) and it cures prameha (obsti-
nate urinary disorders including diabetes) as well as diseases
caused by vitiated blood, kapha and pitta and ulcers.

$56 Materia Medica

Unripe fruits of antra is exceedingly hot and ununctuous
it vitiates all the three dosas as well blood.

Ripe fruits of amra is sweet, rrsyo (aphrodisiac), unctuous,
hrdya (cardiac tonic), bala prada (promoter of strength), heavy
vata hara (alleviator of vata), rucya (relishing), vamya (promoter
of complexion), sita (cooling) and apittala (which doe& not
vitiate pitta).

Juice of amra is sara (laxative), unctuous, pacana (carmin-
ative) and promoter of strength as well as complexion .

**% tfinffift ?fm ^fa^wrerf^ra; iis.ii

5

Janibu

Mahd jambu, raja jarhbu, malm skandha and bfhat phala —
these are the synonyms of bigger variety of jarhbu.

The smaller variety of jarhbu is called ksudra jarhbu, cira
patra, meghabha and kaka ballabha.

Jarhbu is samgrahini (constipative) and ununctuous. It
cures vitiated kapha, pitta, ulcer and blood.

Raja jarhbu fruit is sweet, vistambhi (causing wind
formation in abdomen), heavy and rocana (appetiser).

The fruit of ksudra jarhbu is like raja jarhbu in property
but its special action is to cure ddha (burning syndrome).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 557

fassrftr ^if sreT srTcrfTrfm^Twf^g; II H ii
cr<F*mr ^ftciw far cftiT ?rg^r ?re i

Nalikera, tunga vrksct, lata vrksa, mafia phala, trna raja,
aksa phala, langoll and drdha bijala — these are synonymous.

The fruit of narikera is sita (cooling), durjara (difficult of
digestion), basti todhana (purifier of urinary bladder), vistambhi
(causing wind formation in abdomen), brmhana (nourishing) and
balya (promoter of strength), It cures vitiated vara, pitta and
blood. It also cures daha (burning syndrome).

Water of narikela is cooling, hrdya (cardiac tonic), dipana
(stimulant of digestion), siikrala (promoter of semen) and laghu
(light).

Its siro majja (pith at the top of the tree) of narikela is
promoter of semen and it cures both vdta and pitta.

6

7

^fiT^jf ft^T spR>> ^zfzt rj^fm^€f 1 1 ? Kl I

8

^^Tt^t <w ^iYcr ?%i% for^r ^rriT^rfsirj i

q&i § fa 3T^f?qtr M^^^TfJfqTTr II ?£ ||

558 Materia Medica

Kharjurika

Brhat kharjurika, sreni, saphals and cAtjekz sambhava — these
are the synonyms of bigger variety of kharjura.

Another variety of it is called pinda kharjurika, kharju,
duh praharsa and kantaki.

The third variety of it is called skandha phala, svadvf,
durarohd and mjdu chada.

The fourth variety of it is called bhiimi kharjurika, kdka,
karkati and raja karkati.

The fruit of kharjurika is cooling, sweet and unctuous. It
cures consumption and diseases caused by the vitiation of
blood. It is promoter of strength. It cures vitiation of vayu and
pitta, mada (intoxication), murcha (fainting) and madatyaya
(alcoholism).

Fruits of other varieties of kharjurika are inferior in
quality.

Its murdhaja majja (pith at the top of the tree is cooling
and vrsya (aphrodisiac). It cures vitiated pitta as well as blood
and daha (burning syndrome).

fH^TOT?ft ^5T>

9

Silemani kharjura

Another variety of kharjura is called silemani and its
synonyms are mrdula and nirball phala.

Silemani cures srama (exhaustion), bhranti (giddiness),
daha (burning syndrome), murcha (fainting) and asra pitta

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 559

(a condition characterised by bleeding from different parts of
the body).

10

^*ft qffircl N I <H <xh Pq-xTf TT f^TT II ?fc II

pR^ffT5n«d a d«4T| — wRreprcprftfarcj I

Kadali

Kadali, granthim, mocd, rambha, vira and yata chada- these
are synonymous.

Kaladi cures yoni dosa (ailments of female genital tract),
asra (vitiated blood) and rakta pitta (a disease characterised by
bleeding from various parts of the body). It is cooling.

Tbi kanda (rhizome) of this plant is sltala (cooling), balya
(strength promoting), and kesya (good for hair growth). It
cures vitiated pitta, kapha and blood.

The fruit of kadali is sweet, cooling and vistambhi (which
produces gas in the abdomen). It produces kapha. It is heavy
and unctuous. It alleviates vitiated pitta and blood. It cures
daha (burning syndrome), ksata (consumption), ksaya
(emaciation) and vitiated vdyu.

<?Tfe*ft Trfifg^TT sTcTsftaT 3T3>fsrcT II R\ II

<?Tf¥*f star f sf fm ^rrcrFTricTiir i

560 Materia Medica

5T^TRTt SfTf^^TT. ff|cft ^TcTfTTTffT II ^3 II

Dadimi, rakta kusuma, danta bija and suka priya — these
are synonymous.

Dadima is dipana (digestive stimulant), hrdya (cardiac
tonic) and rocana (appetiser), It does not vitiate pitta in excess.
Its subsidiary taste (anurasa) is astringent and it is constipative

It is of two types viz., sweet and sour. The sweet variety
alleviates all the three dosas where as the sour variety alleviates
only vdta and kapha.

The dried and pounded extract of the sour variety of
dadima alleviates vdta and pitta.

JRT

ST?ft sp^Tst *ffeT ?$t£[ apT^'f^m"

11

wm ft^srasT 3?rera«rr ^ftlwqna u rv u

12

cp-zzrf 5ftcrWTf^?frBT *CTT fTeRTOTTfT 1 1 ^C H

13 14

SPJT ?^3T ^faf %fa*T ^T«f ffJT I

Badara

Badarl, karkati, ghortta, karati and yugma kan\ika— these
are synonymous. Another variety of it is called snigdha chada
and kosa phala. The thirst variety is called sauvlrika. The
fourth variety of it is called hasti koli, parasvadvi, laghvi and
karkandhu bandhavq.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 56 1

All these types' of vjdari are cooling, bitter and unun-
ctuous. They alleviate pitta and kapha.

The fifth variety of it is called badara, avara kola, phenila,
kuvala and kuca. Synonyms of the sixth variety are karkandhu,
hrasva badara, samkata, Kandliu and kandhuka.

Both the ripe and unripe types of sauvwaka (bigger
variety) are sweet in taste.

■a

15

ztzi *T% *n?Tff ^^Eof SFftrfsRT II ^ II
16 17

18

«o "O "\

I'^r fqrT5r|T^=rira[cuTTf^wT>TfiT i

*l"Sf?W£'?: cTCI T^T H[5q> 5p?rsrc: II 3° II

Laghu bcdara

Badara is light, constipative, appetiser and hot. It
alleviates vayu. Kola aggravates kapha and piatt. It is.heavy
and laxative.

Sauvlra type of badata is cooling, bhedana (purgative),
guru (heavy), sukrala (promoter of semen) and brmhana (nouri-
shing). It alleviates vitiated pitta, ddha (burning syndrome),
vitiated blood, ksaya (emaciation), trsnd (morbid thirst) and
vitiated vayu.

Karkandhu is sweet, unctuous and heavy. It alleviates
pitta and vayu.

Dry fruits of all these varieties promote medas (fat) and
agni (digestive power). These are light and they cure trsna
(morbid thirst), Mama (mental fatigue) and vitiation of blood.

562 Materia Medica

The pulp of this fruit alleviates vayu and pitta. It is
vrsya (aphrodisiac) and promoter of strength.

Sft<T

19

jSTifn, ksatriyd, rdjdhvd, rajadana, phaldsim and rajanya —
these are synonymous.

It has another variety which is called civuka and
muci tin dak a.

The fruit of kslri vrksa is cooling, unctuous, heavy and
promoter of strength. It cures trsnd (morbid thirst), murchd
(fainting), mada (intoxication), bhranti (giddiness), ksaya
(emaciation) and all the three vitiated dosas as well as blood.

fwsr

20 21

22

<^wmi *npt «|<sr: sprer: xT^Tcrf^ tiv*" u

Friya/a

Cara, dhana, pata, sala, pnyala and man/ vallabha— these
are synonymous.

Cara cures vitiated ptfta, fozp/ia and blood.

Its fruit is sweet, heavy, unctuous and laxative. It cures
vitiated vata and pitta, daha (burning syndrome), trsnd (morbid
thirst) and ksata (consumption).

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 563

The pulp of the fruit of priyala is sweet, vrsya (aphro-
disiac) and sul rala (spermatopoetic ) It cures vitiated pitta and
vata.

23

<r^ cr *jgr <tt% wt?f fesarfcr sThtipt i
ipf qzfqxT^crereT^w^fsra; 11 3^ n

Parusaka

Parusaka, mfdu phala, paiusa and sosana — these are
synonymous.

Unripe Parusaka is astringent and sour in taste. It vitiates
pitta and is light.

Ripe variety of parusaka is sweet m vipaka (taste that
emerges after digestion), cooling, vistambhi (produces gas in
abdomen), brmhana (nourishing) and hrdya (cardiac tonic). It
cures //■/ (morbid thirst), vitiated pitta, daha (burning syndrome),
vitiated blood, ksata (consumption), ksaya (emaciation) and
vitiated vayu.

farj

<T>

24
STHTT^r T,fT <nf? STTcRT sflW 5HT I! ^c II

25

564 Materia Medica

Tinduka

Tmduka, syandana, sphaurya, kdla sara, ravana and kdka
pilu — these are the synonyms of tinduka.

There is another variety (which is different) which is
called visa tinduka.

Tinduka cures ulcers and vitiated vata. Its pulp (sara)
cures diseases caused by pitta.

The unripe fruit of it is constipative, vatala (vitiater of
vata), cooling and light.

The ripe fruit alleviates vitiated pitta, prameha (obstinate
urinary disorders including diabetes), vitiated blood & kapha,
visada (non slimy) and heavy.

Visa tinduka is specially constipative (grdhi) and cooling.
fof¥<jft -ifsreiT ssrrsft Tret ^rcn?^: i

fofoift cPSRT faxET fqrl^Tr^T ffTT ||Yo||

m^ 3TcM ^t*t i^i mi% f^cfTTfsrar i

Kimkini

Kimkini, granthika, vydghrf, pada, deva taru and vara —
these are synonymous.

Kimkini is pungent and bitter. It alleviates pitta and
slesman. It is cooling.

Unripe fruit of kimkini aggravates vayu. The ripe fruit is
sweet and it cures all the three vitiated dosas.

struma sfksrff *r srrf^rr^focfsnr u v? n

26

Ayurveda Saukhyath of Todarananda 565

Aru

Aruska and vira sena — these are synonymous. It is of
four types.

Aruska promotes digestion (Jarana) and it cures vitiated
rata, meha (obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes),
arias (piles) and vitiated kapha.

%*nwt *n|ssfaft *r§*pt*5t *rfrc o *r: t
srf?r ff?r ^wT^T^HTT^^rercnr n *«. u

Madhuka

Madhuka, madhuka, tiksna sara, gudha puspaka, jeld phala,
madhusfila, madhu kostha and "maha druma — these are
synonymous.

Another variety of madhuka is called hrasva phala, madh-
vaga and dlrgha patraka.

Madhuka alleviates kapha and vata. It is astringent and
it helps in the healing of ulcers.

The flower of madhuka is sweet, balya (promoter of
strength), cooling, heavy and brmhana (nourishing).

Its fruit is cooling, heavy, sweet and Sukrala (spermato-
poetic). It alleviates vata and pitta. It is ahrdya (not good
for heart). It cures trsna (morbid thirst), vitiated blood, daha
(burning syndrome), svasa (asthma), ksata (consumption) and
ksaya (emaciation).

566 Materia Medica

27 28

SPrRnpsp? KfcT T^fTTT^TcraFnTTfr 1

arm <3^r fspssfa ^"Tci^r ?t^t *re u v\s u

Panasa

Panasa, kantaki phala, ariisapa and garbha kantaka —
these a~e synonymous-
Ripe panasa is cooling and unctuous. It alleviates pitta
and vayu. It promotes strength and semen. It cures rakta
pitta (a condition characterised by bleeding from different parts
of the body), ksata (consumption) and ksaya (emaciation).

Unripe panasa is vistarhbhi (wind forming). It aggravates
vayu and it is astringent a well as heav>

. 29

Lakuca

Lakuca, ksudra panasa and granthimat phala— these are
synonymous.

Lakuca is heavy, vistambhi (wind forming) and sweet and
sour in taste. It cures rakta pitta (a disease characterised by
bleeding from different parts of the body). It aggravates kapha
and alleviates vata. It is hot. It reduces the semen as well as
the power of digestion.

cTT?T

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 567

sffcf 15«PT fw ^TcTf^tT?^ f^T II K? II

T«/a, dhvaja, duraroha, trna raja and ma/*5 druma — these
are synonymous.

Tola cures vitiated vata, pitta and ulcer. It produces
mada (intoxication) and Hukra (semen).

Its fruit is cooling, strength promoting, unctuous, sweet,
heavy and vistambhi (wind forming). It cures vitiated vata,
pitta and blood. It also cures ksata (consumption), ddha
(burning syndrome) and ksaya (emaciation).

Its seed is diuretic and wind forming. It alleviates vata
and pitta. It is cooling.

30

Kharbuja

Kharbuja, phala icija, amrtahva and dasangula — these are
synonymous.

Kharbuja is diuretic, strength promoting, laxatixe, heavy,
unctuous, sweet, cooling and vrsya (aphrodisiac). It alleviates
pitta and vata.

31
*TfeEWFT qui %W fJErfafd+l4>?l*r II K.3 II

568 Materia Medico

sn^^re^ ^ttT ^rf%fkfwT <m% i

Musti pramdna, varuda, seva and simbitika phala — these
are synonymous.

The fruit of simbitika alleviates vdyu and pitta. It is
heavy, brmhana (nourishing), kaphakrt (aggravater of kapha),
vrsya (aphrodisiac), svddupaka (sweet in taste after digestion),
laxative and cooling.

Another variety of it is called ambha phala, apa and maha
simbitika. phala. Its properties are similar to those of seva.
It is specially cooling.

a^arf ' ^faqvFf 5Tsrf«rc3-c&<FrTfrfcr: i

Amrta

Amrtahva, luci phala and laghu biha phalakrti — these are
synonymous.

Amrta is heavy, alleviator of vdta, sweet, sour and appeti-
ser. It is spermatopoetic.

snssm

^KITT'T^ tfiwsr ^m«t sw^i^r ii x^ 1 1

Bdddma

Bdddma, suphala, vdta vaii i and netropama phala — these
are synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Toiarananda 569

Badtima is hot and exceedingly unctuous. It alleviates
vayu. It promotes strength and semen.

2

33

fo^^RT JT^r^T^- ^EiftEur *=rp| fl'^'T I

Nikocaka, Pistd

Nikocaka, ddru phala, makostha and jala gojaka— these
are the synonyms of nikocaka.

Pista, mukulaka and dantl phala samakrti — these are the
synonyms of pistd.

Nikocaka is heavy, unctuous, vrsya (aphrodisiac), hot,
sweet and brmhana (nourishing). It is hemopoetic and strength
promoting It alleviates vata and aggravates kapha as well as
pitta.

Mukulaka has similar properties It is especially heavy
and difficult for digestion.

T^T *3Tg ffff ^JT ^T5TpTTrfMrRFT*r II \o 11

Unripe kela alleviates vayu. It is sour, hot, purgative and
heavy.

570 Materia Medica

Ripe kela is sweet, cooling and strength promoting. It
alleviates vayu and pitta.

35

Am

Aluka, bhallu, bhalluka and bhallu rakta phala — these are

synonymous.

Aluka is juicy (rasana), cooling, sweet and sour. It
alleviates vdta and pitta.

ARjird

Anjlra, mahjula and kakodumbarika phala — these are
synonymous.

Anjira is cooling, sweet and heavy. It alleviates pitta,
rakta and vata.

arefte:

sreats^rt qfercssft ^'^tt^t: q*mz: i

36

Aksodaka, vrnta phala, kandarala and pr'/m c/t«<&r — these
are synonymous.

Ak?ofa is sweet, strength promoting, heavy, hot, alleviater
of vata and laxative.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 571

TTrRcf f^ff ^R ^STif ^f^^Tg-f^cT I

^TM^? f?T qsqT^r^ST^cr^'T II \*i. II

Palevaka <fe Mdlavaka

Palevata, sita puspa and tindukabha phala — these are
synonymous.

Another variety of it is called malavaka and mahd palevata

phala.

Palevata is cooling, sweet, heavy and hot. It suppresses
digestive power and alleviates vayu.

Malavaka is hrdya (cardiac tonic). It cures trsna (morbid
thirst). It is useful for brain (mastaka).

cTrT

37

^ "%% sr^r«FTcs w^nm stfnrrs ^ i

39

rata

Twrfa, bhuda, brahma kastha, brahmaryya and brkma da.ru — ■
these are synonymous.

Ripe tuda is heavy, cooling and sweet. It alleviates pitta
and anila.

tfN^ wm4&$ «p^p£ ^t^^tit i
efte^T ^??f «tt^ ^fa^r ?r*n" u ^ n

ill Materia Medica

mm s^r Tf^f T5 ^rr^rr^rfqrcrr^Tcr u ^ u

?fifW Wff *TfT ^farTfC ^ I

Gangeruka & Todana'

Gangeruka, karkataka, karkafa and mrga lendaka — these
are the synonyms of gangeruka.

Todana, krandana, dhanya and mrga picha drsa — these are
synonymous.

Ripe gangeru is purgative and heavy. It alleviates vdta,
blood and pitta.

Todana is constipative and sweet. It alleviates vata and
pitta. It is light.

Unripe tiita, gangeruka and todana are sour and heavy.
They aggravate pitta.

40 41

Tuvaraka tree has properties like those of bhallataka. Its
fruit is astringent in taste. Its leaves are like kesara and it
grows near sea.

The fruit of tuvara alleviates kapha. In vipaka (taste after
digestion) it is pungent.

It is hot and it cures ulcer and meha (obstinate urinary
disorders including diabetes).

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 573

42
#3r<JTr *TTcPg**T: %3TCt <E*P£*sp II V9? II

TTEfirerf: ^'sfar^i^ftspf «rc*r ii \s^ u

43

^nrwr sfMSparwraftre'pfc t* ii »v ii

Bija puraka

Bija pura, matulunga, kesari and phala puraka — these are
synonymous.

The fruit of bija pura is appetiser. It is sour in taste. It
stimulates digestion and is light. It causes wkta pitta (a disease
characterised by bleeding from different parts of the body) It
cleanses throat and tip of the tongue.

The skin of the fruit of bija puraka is bitter, heavy and
sour. It cures krmi (intestinal parasites). It alleviates vdta and
kapha.

The pulp (mamsa) of bija puraka is brmhana (nourishing),
cooling and heavy. It alleviates pitta and vdyu.

Its kesara (pistil) is light and constipative. It cures £ula
(colic pain), gulma (phantom tumour) and udara (obstinate
diseases of abdomen including ascitis).

Its flower is cooling and constipative. It cures rakta pitta
(a disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body) and it is light.

574 Materia Medica

q-^FEfEfffbST S^rrg^ft sfsTfcRJ VZT II \s'< II

Madhu karkatika

Madhu karkafika, svadu, lungi, ghantalika and gfaz/£ — these
are synonymous.

Madhu karkatika is cooling. It cures /-cfcta j?z'*ta (a
disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body). It is heavy.

44

5TR*rT*?f t^t ^ ^TcTfT sn?r 1

^rg^TTTT'?: f# <f3W< qrTcRT5(PT*r II vs^3 II

Narangi

Nararigaka, hagaranga, gorak§a and yoga sadhaka — these
are synonymous.

Naranga is sour and sweet in taste. It is appetiser. It
alleviates vata. It is laxative.

Another variety of it which is also sweet and sour, is hrdya
(cardiac tonic) and durjara (difficult for digestion). It alleviates
vata.

*$*ftxi?( Screrst sfrtoft snreft *r?r. \

Ayurveda Sauk hy am of Todardnanda 575

Jambiraka

Jambiraka, danta safha, jambhila and jambhala — these are
synonymous.

Jambtra is hot and it cures sula (colic pain). It is heavy
and hot. Tt alleviates kapha and vata. It cures asya vairasya
(distaste in the mouth), hrt pfda (pain in cardiac region),
agni mdndya (suppression of the power of digestion) and krmi
(intestinal parasites).

45 46 47

48

Amla vetasa

Amla, amla vetasa, cukra, vetasa and svara bhedaka —
these are synonymous.

Amta vetasa is exceedingly hot, purgative, light and diges-
tive stimulant. It cures hrd roga (heart disease), sula (colic
pain) and gulma (phantom tumour). It vitiates pitta, blood and
kapha.

STTTFrTSR

Scramlaka

Saramlaka, sdra phala, rasala and sdra pddapa— these are
synonymous.

Sardinia is sour. It alleviates vayu. It is heavy and it
aggravates pitta and kapha.

fa I s *?

576 Materia Medica

fa<pvFpFW 3T^f TT^T ^V<FT WJ I
TT^rfJTf^^f ^TfiT^fq-Tl^Tft^^T II ^ II

49

50

WST^ 5T5^% f^Sf H f^Wf^sFPTt *PT=ft ^^cT II *%. 1 1

Nimbuka and nibuka— these are the synonyms of nithbu.

It has another variety which is called ra/a nimbuka.

Nibuka is pacana (carminative), hrdya (cardiac tonic),
sharp and hot. It alleviates kapha and vata.

Nimbuka is sour, vataghna (alleviater of vata), pacana
(carminative), dipana (digestive stimulant) and light.

The fruit of raja nimbu is sweet and heavy. It alleviates
pitta and vayu.

Nimbuka destroys all types of krmi (parasites). It is sharp
in action. It cures dma (product of improper digestion and
metabolism), udara (obstinate abdominal disorders including
ascitis) and gratia (planetary afflictions). Tt cures the ^atika,
paittika and slaismika types of sula (colic pain). It replenishes
and cleanses the vitiated dbatus. It is useful for patients
suffering from acute (sadyd) fever caused by the vitiation of all
the three dosas and visamajvara (irregular fever) caused by the
accumulation of vitiated dosas. It is also useful when there is
diminution of waste products (mala) and when there is obstruc-
tion in the anus. It cures vjsiicikd (choleric diarrhoea).

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Toclarananda 511

wxAi*! f?*? 3 iff <RT£*?f ^ftrafcra; n ^ n

Karma ranga

Karma ranga, rama phala, bhavya, and picchila bijaka-—
these are synonymous.

Karma ranga, is cooling, constipative, sweet and sour. It
cures kapha and pitta.

Amlika

Amlika, cukrika, cinca, tittidi, sukti and candika — these
are synonymous.

Unripe amhkd is heavy. It alleviates vdta and vitiates
pitta, kapha and blood.

Ripe amlika is laxative and appetiser. It is a digestive
stimulant and it cleanses the urinary bladder.

Dried amlika is hrdya (cardiac tonic). It cures srama
(exhaustion), bhrdnti (giddiness), trsna (morbid thirst) and klama
(mental fatigue). It is light.

fcffrNW tf*ft^Tm^ipf qT Tre II «;§. II

^?r wet mif% ir^ft^'B^T^r^ i

578 Materia Medica

TUtidika

Titn'dika, vfkfdmla, amla saka and amla padapa~-the&e are
synonymous.

Unripe tittidika alleviates vayu- It is usrta (hot) and
exceedingly heavy,

Its fruit is light- and constipative, It cures graharii (sprue
syndrome), kapha and vata.

*W$l ^iPFCTflraT^WTTTn II 5.° 1 1

cRT^f *T^ ^^fTcre^f^RT II $.? II

Karamarda

Karamarda, suseria, vanyd and krsna phala — these are
synonymous.

Karamarda is heavy, hot and sour. It produces rakta pitta
(a disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of the
body) and kapha.

Ripe karamarda is sweet, appetiser and light. It alleviates
pitta and vayu.

Dried karamarda is like ripe karamarda in its properties.

Unripe but dried karamarda is like green unripe karamarda
in property.

^facWt ?[fVw: *Pf<T?q-: Srcfrr^: tl 5.R II

^fq?*mT*r' #ffTf|[ *nj cfrtr^RrPTf^ i

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 579"

Kapittha

Kapitthaka, dadhi phala, kapittha and surabhi chada^- these
are synonymous.

Unripe variety of kapittha is constipative and light. It
alleviates all the three dosas.

Ripe kapittha is heavy. It cures fy?« (morbid thirst), hikkd
(hiccup) and vitiated vata as well as pitta. It is sweet and sour.
It cleanses the throat. It is constipative and it is difficult of
digestion.

^frc^^V ^f^rsn' fvF3TT fasrqfwr n s.* n

Kapittha patri

Kapittha patri, phanija, kulaja and nimba patrika — these
are synonymous.

Kapittha patri is sharp and hot. It alleviates kapha, meha
(obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes) and poisoning.

STTOTrPP

51

Amrataka, dmra tata, pallisa, druphala and kapi— these are
synonymous.

Unripe amrata alleviates vata. It is heavy, hot, appetiser
and laxative.

Ripe amrataka is sweet, cooling and vf sya (aphrodisiac).

580 Materia Mcdica

It alleviates vayu, pitta, kapha and blood.

52

^rarsp^ 5n r 5n<r: wrr^ t^s^: i

Rajamra ?taka, dmrdta, kamahva, and ra/a putraka — these
are synonymous.

Rajamra is sweet, cooling and constipative. It alleviates
both pitta and kapha.

Caturamla, Pancamla

Vrk$dmla* susena, dried and kapittha — these four taken
together are known as caturamla.

According to some, amla vetasa, vr-ksfimla, da$imi and
bedara— these four taken together are called caturamlaka.

Added with bijapura or cuta, they are called pancamla.

♦Una: fg5^gn^rfi[Ti9i " i'b4>mf: i

3c<W ^rf| ^T^^TT^W *pi farFPT \ I ? ° o 1 1

Ayurveda Haukhyarii of Todarananda 581

Ko&amra

Kosamra, ghana skandha, jantu vrksa and sukosaka— these
are synonymous.

Kosamra cures kusfha (obstinate skin diseases including
leprosy), sotha (oedema), rakta pitta (a disease characterised by
bleeding from different parts of the body), vrana (ulcer) and
vitiated kapha.

Its fruit is constipative, alleviater of vdta, sour, hot and
heavy. It aggravates pitta

Its fruit pulp alleviates pitta and vdyu. It is sweet and
strength promoting. It stimulates the power of digestion.

^fi ffW grf ^^W^Tf^*? II \°\ II

53

f%^ f^refrcr^ws^ cr^w^T^r ^gsrrfMf g;i i \ ° 3 1 1

Supari

Kramuka, krmika, puga and /n/gf phala- — these are
synonymous.

Puga is heavy, coohng, ununctuous and astringent. It
alleviates kapha and pitta. It is mohana (intoxicating), dipana
(digestive stimulant), and rucya (appetiser) It cures asya
vairasya (distaste in mouth)

Wet puga is heavy and abhisyandi (which obstructs the
channels of circulation). It suppresses the power of digestion
iyahni) and reduces eye sight (dfsti) in excess.

The boiled puga alleviates all the three dosas.

582 Materia Medica

It has many varieties and all of them have similar
properties.

cTf5FT

54

cTtfST ar^ft sffFJft ?TTf>pfr ^TT^^T^ I
55

Tdmbula

Tdmbula, valli, tdmbuli ndgini and ndga vallarl — these are
synonymous.

Tdmbula is visada (non slimy), appetiser, sharp, hot, pung-
ent, laxative, bitter, ksdra (alkaline) and usana (saline and
alkaline). It is kdmya (stimulant of passion). It alleviates rakta
pitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from different parts of
the body). It is light. It promotes strength. It cures vitiated
kapha, dsya daurgandhya (foul smell from mouth), meha
(obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes), vitiated vata
and srama (exhaustion).

^^^ sr^csrhr srg^rz: *m^: i

Lavali

Ghana skandha, mahat prdrhsu, prapunnata, samarh chada,
sugandha mula, lavali, pandu komala valkald— -these are
synonymous.

The fruit of lavali is like that of jyotsna in property.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 583

The fruit of lavali cures vitiated blood, arias (piles),
vitiated vdta and pitta. It is light.

w f^TTfr?T|s^ ! f^irTW^VcrTf%9[ftrcr'r 1 1 ? o * n

56

x *

General description of fruits

The pulp of the fruit has the property of the fruit itself.

Fruits which are afflicted by snow, fire, storm, wild
animals, and insects and which are unseasonal should not be
eaten. Similarly, excessively ripe fruits should not be eaten

AH fruits in general produce ama dosa (a product of
improper digestion and metabolism). The fruit of brfva is an
exception to this general rule.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. This is the 95th chapter of Ayurveda Saukhyam in Todara-
nanda, and the opening invocation reads as below :

2. '^rrpr' ffcr q^inTcr^ tts: i

3. c ^^iTTf?r' ^% nsrR""reci% qrs: i

584 Materia Medica

6. '*6&P? *f5T T5r*TCTcl% TT3: I
7 '^SF^fr' ffa ^S<T?cT% TT5: I

8. '^Tt^rr' ^ftr ^sq-^cr^r <its. i

10 'tf ?T^' ffa "f*PT[??l% <TT5 I
'q-c^T^TT' ?Rr <STS3"T??r% TT3: I

ll. '^Rr«riwT' *ftr 7«s<tcsi% qrs: i
'^r^r^T' ?f?r 5rsprq??r% its: i

12. 'ffePFte: W% ^3^5T% TT5: I

13. '*TgSf' ^T *«5<$R!% "TVS: I

14. 'g*f' %fk <snss<T|FcI% TO: I

1 5. 'tfffT^' ?fa "f^qw^ "TTS: I

16. 'fTOfarTft' ffa ^5<T^ci% <TT3: I

17. 'erf ^% *r*sq;^r% to: i

18. '^^m' if?r sr'WT??^ to: i

19. 'ffafcrf^:' ^Rr TOfFcPfr <TT5: I

20. '^TMt' f fa" crssq;*a% TT5: I

21. 'faq-nst' ^fcT «T«S57??1% ITS: I

22. 'sjerrqrC ?% ^5^cf% <tts: i

23. 'T^teftsFr:' ?f% «pssqw?r% mz: i

24. , ? l ^f:' 5fa <TWPF3% TTS: I

25. 'f^fo^*^' 1% <<*S5<T^% ITS: 1

26. '^TPCT' 3% qiss^cr^ <TT5: I

27. %ztft' ^fa ^JT7??r% ire: i

28. 'q^cwrcrrY ?fo sr*nr<T*3% <tts: i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 585

29. '5Tf sfWfa'TWWTT:' iftr TsPFJ??rfc TO: I

30. 's^ar:' i% ^wp^ to: i

31. '^f ffcT st^^cT^ TO: I

32. 'fa^hR?' % i% sp<pr3*a% to: i

33. 'fo*e' ffe ^«s55?r% to i

34. '^I^TT^r?^-^' 1% sr*HT3*<rl% "TT5: I

35. '^sra:' ^fa srsFT5^cT% TO: I

36. '?refte' ^fcf 5T«PTg?g% TT5: I

37. 'gcf' f% T^rq-j^j- TTS: I

38. \i' ?% <rsrT5?ci% to: i

39. 'TT<f 1% WZ5%*^ TO: I

'get' f fa v3"*tjri% qrs: i

40. '%?aTT«r:' ifcT T^r^^ TO: I

41. '*PTspr.' ifcT ^53??T% TO: I

42. '%5or3"' ^ftr t*wt*ci% to: i

43. '%^r^' 1% «PPT^a% TO: 1

44. 'if^wftift^rnar:' ^fa ^35?^% TO: 1

45. 'spJV 1% T^W^ TF3: I

46. '%5PT:' ffa sww^SSPfe' "TTS: I

47. 'sra^WF:' ifa STsqTT^cT^ TO: I

48. It^^^t^r' ^fa sr*prT??i% tts: 1

49. •f^f^^^^MtsR'T' ^fa 5r*pfn£*s% to: i

50. 'ft^rcrRf' f% sr«rT"T?cr% to: i

51. 'wracT^^TSR^:' %fo T&rgzft to: 1

'sTmra^rra-^:' sfa qrara?s% to: i

52. 'Trwq^r^:' ^TcT !TsqWcr% to: 1

586 Materia Medica

53 '%&' ffa «P*5^?r% ITS: I

54. 'JTTiRr?T#' ifa «T«5T??r% TT5: I

55. 'T^T^smTTf *f f% sr*TT<T?3% <TTS: I

56. This is the end of 95th chapter of Ayurveda Saukhyam in
Todarananda and the colophon reads as below :

CHAPTER 37

1

2

3

Kusmanda

Kusmaridaki, puspa phala, somaka and maha phala — these
are the synonyms of kusmdndaka

It has a smaller variety which is called karkaru. The sweet
variety of kusmandaki is called bhuraja karkafi.

4

Kalinga

Kdlinga, krsria bija, kalinda and phala varttula — these are
synonymous.

5

588 Materia Medica

Tumbi

TumbT, mista, maha tumbi, rajalabu, alavuni — these are
synonymous.

,^ (W ^* , *N* ,

Kafu tumbi

Kafu tumbi, pintfa phald, raja putri and dugdhinv — these are
synonymous.

7 8

7 8

Karkati, lomasi, vyala, patrahya.ru and £r/;af p/ia/a — these
are synonymous

9 10

*3*fr *F*d%sraT ^mrrnt life' i

11 12

^Srfa?fY *T5T«B5IT *qTfrTTRT ^frqfoT^ II V ||

Trapusa

Trapusi, kantaki lata, sudhavasa, parankita, chardydyani,
mula phald, tikta and hash parnim- — these are synonymous.

Cirbhati

Cirbhifa, dhenu dugdha and goraksa karkafi — these are
synonymous.

TTSHF

3T*j*f qrr^ wt^ <^r idler *njT *rs it *. n
*IW«l*i fwssf faf^nr <fhmw i

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 589

Valuka

Valuka, kdnduka, vdlu, sJrna vpita, citra phala, victfra and
pita varnaka^-ihese are synonymous.

Valuka is cooling, sweet and heavy.

sffancPFV sfjrfesT snfspft fJcrtsrTT u % u

Kosdtaki

Kosdtaki, kfta chidra, jalini, krta vedhand, mrdanga phattni,
ksodd, ghonfali and karkasa chada — these are synonymous.

Raja kosdtaki

Raja kosdtaki, misfd, mahajdli and prapitaka — these are
synonymous.

Maha kosdtaki

Another variety of kosdtaki is called maha kosdtaki. Its
synonyms are hasti ghosd and maha phala.

C

cnF*rre>rjw 1%f^?^hrt ^ f^cr: s*[cr: n 5. u

Vrntdkf, varttikd, vrnta, bhanfdki and bhantikd — these are
the synonyms of vrntdkf.

590 Materia Meetica

A variety of it is called sveta vartaka and it looks like an
egg of the hen. It is slightly inferior in quality and it is useful
for arias (piles).

BimbI

BimbT, rakta phala, golha, tunalmd dantachadopama — these
are synonymous.

W^Ksft fTf^c^ft ffS^JTTTT ^cTT I

Karavellaka

Kdravella, kafhilla, ugra kanda, and sukandaka — these are
the synonyms of karavellaka.

It has a variety which is called kara velli, van vatti and
tyhat valli.

14
35?*Rrfe*P* |jS5f+<?l l« I ^M IWT II ?? II

Karkofaka

Karkofaka cures kustha (obstinate skin disease including
leprosy), kilasa (leucoderma) and aruci (anorexia).

15

Vandhya karkofaki, Dendika

Vandhya karkofaki, devT, nagari and visa kantaka^— these
are the synonyms of vandhya karkofaki.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 591

Dendika, visamusfi and sumustikd'-- these are the synonyms
of dendika,

16 IT

Kola simbl

Kola simbT, kfsna phald, safkd and silkara pdlika — these
are synonymous.

fefwr

18 19

Dindisd

Dindisa, romasa phala, tindisa and ww«i nirmita — these are
synonymous.

20

Simbi

Simbi, kusimbi, kutsasra simbl and pustaka simbika — these
are synonymous.

Vdstuka

Vastuka, ksdra patra, saka vira and prasddaka — these are
synonymous.

afters

21

<5fNw: ^rr^tT: TtB^ra - : JPfFTf: l

Jivantaka

Jivantaka, saka vira, raka ndla and pranalaka — these are
synonymous.

592 Materia Medica

22

farsft T^TT ^rBT ftfttHCT *fte3TC5*F: HUH

am

Cilli, mahaddala, rakta, cillika and gautfa vastuka — these
are synonymous.

iSTa/a §aka

Kala Sdka, kalika, cucuka and cahcuka — these are
synonymous.

23 24

Tandullyaka

Tanduliya, megha nada, kandlra, tandullyaka, visaghna and
kandara — these are the synonyms of tandullyaka.

It has another variety which is known as marisa and
marsaka.

25

Phogo

Phogo, mariidbhava, sungl, suksma puspa and sasadana —
these are synonymous.

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 593

Pafola

Patola, pdnduka, jail, kulaka, karkasa chada, raji phala,
pandu phala, rajamdn, amrta phala, tiktottama and bija garbhd-—
these are the synonyms of patola.

It has another variety which is called raja paplikd.

26 27

Ciccinda

Ciccinda and smira kula — these are the synonyms of
ciccinda.

Another variety of it is known as sveta raji and
brhat phala.

Palankyd

Palankyd, vdstukdkdra, ksdrika and Virata chada — these
are synonymous.

28

Upodikd

PotakT, upodikd, malsya kali and sutungika — these are
synonymous.

^fWIS£T sr?c*f?r?t ffe^F^ ffs^TT: 1

29 30 31

Lonika

Lonika, ustrd, brhat koti, ku(ira, kutinjara, gandaruki,
gandaru, phanji and phanjitaka—thes$ are synonymous.

594 Materia Medica

sfa'T'T: *«rfiE^r. ^qrgTT ^fereito: i

Sunisannaka

Sunisana, svastika, vara, vastika parrtika — these are
synonymous.

32
ftlTWT. J^raFTI'rfl^'ITftWT WT II RR II

Sir a vara

Sira vara, kurandi, naditun and nalika — these are
synonymous.

Sarsapa saka

Sarsapa, sarsapodbhuta, kausumbha and kusumbhaja — these
are synonymous.

33

Canaka saka

Canaka saka is difficult of digestion. It alleviates kapha
and vdta.

■ft ^ «s

Kalaya saka

Kalaya saka is purgative. It is light and it alleviates pitta
and kapha.

*rnRt

3 *

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 595

Cdngerl

Cdngerl, amlika, cukra, chatrdmllkd and catuh ohadd-™
these are synonymous.

r 35

Kdsa marda & Grnjana

Kdsa marda and karkasa — these are synonymous.
Grnjana and gajara — these are synonymous.

*T3Rr ^fw^: crsm^T^fffcnFT n rk ii

Mulaka

Mulaka and hasti kanda— these are the synonyms of
mulaka.

The tender variety of mulaka is called bdla mulaka and
potika.

36

KarTraka

Karuaka, gudha patra, krakaca and granthila — these are
synonymous.

for*

fa% sflnTTsPT: fprarifsr ^rrSf5r^^: II ^ II
TrBtezfT T^%ff?5 ?%cfrs?jft ff^cTsS^: I

596 Materia Medica

Sigru

Sigru, saubhdnjana, krsna gqndha and bahula chada — these
are the synonvms of sigru.

It has a red variety which is called madhu sigru and the
white variety of it is called harita chada.

Its seed is called sveta marica which is sharp, hot and
useful for eye.

The flower of sigru is sweet and constipative. It aggravates
vayu and cures vitiated kapha and oedema.

37 38

Lasuna

Lasuna, ugra gandha, yavanesfa and rasonaka — these are
synonymous.

Another variety of it is called grnjana, maha kanda,
jarjjara and dirgha patraka.

Palandu

Palandu, yavanesfa, durgandha and mukha dusaka— these
are synonymous.

S3

tot* m: whq^T»?tB: ^tfhwT ster^Y irfe s^ i

Ksira palandu ,

Palanduka having a milky juice which tastes like honey
is called ksira palandu.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 59 7

c

39
40

Grnjana

Grnjana aggravates pitta. It is constipative, sharp and hot.
It cures diseases (?). In smell, shape and taste, it is like
suksma nala palandu.

Some scholars hold a plant like small radish as grnjana.
Some others, however, call another plant having leaves like
those of granthi parna as grnjana.

Surana

Surana, kandala, kanda, gudamaya hara, vajra kanda and
surenara — these are the synonyms of surana.

Another wild variety of it is called citra ddnda.

41 42

qfysrsj^fwr snsft tff*T'TFrf*«ren[?rT II 33 II

Asthi samhara

Asthi srnkhalika, vajri, granthiman and asthi samhrta —
these are synonymous.

59$ Materia Medica

Vdrahi

Varahi, madhavi and grsfi— these are the synonyms of
varahi.

Its rhizome (root ?) is called saukara and H/a.

43

Musali

Musali, talapatri, balini and tala mulika — these are
synonymous

Keyu

Keyukd, phaluka, pilu keyukd and data salini — these are
synonymous.

cs C

Bhuchatra

Bhuchatra, prthivi kanda, sdmdhra and kandaka — these are
synonymous.

S«T3rsp"<fr STPT^t TR^ts?^ *TfSg^.

Mana kanda

Sthula kanda, grama kanda and manaka- these are the
synonyms of mana kanda.

It has another variety having bigger leaves.

44

Ayurveda Saukhyaih of Todardnanda 599

Kaseru

Kaseruka and svalpa kanda — these are the synonyms of
kaseru.

It has a bigger variety which is called idja kase.uka.

Srngdtaka

Srngafa, jala kanda, trikona, trikafa and trika — these are
synonymous.

fairer

45

fogr^F wmv *n*ng ^tw fUTsrcr n ^ n
^Fct^T-'opt^mW ^fnafapr?rf*pirR' i

46

Pinddlu

Pinddlu, kacha gandha, madhvdlu, romasafsankhalu, sankha
samkasa, kas\halu, svalpa kosthaka, hastaluka, maha kastha,
raktalu and rakta kandaka — these are synonymous.

All leafy vegetables which are atijirna (very old), akdlottha
(unseasonal), ruksa (ununctuous), sita (cold), abhumija (not
grown on ground), jathara (preserved since long), komala (soft),
atisita (excessively cold), vyaladi dusita (eaten by animals insects
etc ) and suska (dry) should not be used. Mulaka is an exception
to this rule.

600 Materia MeaHca

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. This is the 96th chapter in Ayurveda Saukhyam in Todara-
nanda and the opening invocation reads as below :

3. '^TT^W^)"' %\^ sr«TT'TTcr% TT5: I

4. '^rfe^f' i% t rsnrg?cr% tts: i

5. 'sRSTTRRY ff?T T^SR??^ TT5. I

7. 'wfTfraT' ^fcT "f^TT?^ TTS: I

8. 'gTWJT' ^ftr q^qr^ tts- i

•a o

10. 'TcTf^CT' ^fcT cpssqT51% qTS: I

11. '^trff^ft' iRr ^sq-^% qrre- i

12. 'Tr^q^iT' ?ftr srWr??^ qrs: i

13. '^%^5r' ^f% ^S"T^^% qTs: i

14. ^gcfprfe^ f% ^s^^T% qis. |

15. 'f^^fe^T' ^f%r st^tt't^^ q-T3: i

16. '^r^r^t' %fa qraqw* qre. i

17. '^nrcqrftsR' 5% q-=sr*roa% qro: i

18. 'fcrfert' ^r q^*rq-j£<r% qrs: i

19. *rfaf?rfw' ffa q^TOT^% tts: i

20. ftnfr.' f% q%Trr?cT% ITS: I

21. 'STarRT^:' WfcT <TGSq^5l% qTS: 1

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 601

22. 'ifh' ^r <r : 3w?r% tts: i

23. 'STfRF?:' f % «ns57??I% TT5: I

24. '^Vq-^^iT^:' ifa ^<ss^cT% <TTS: I

25. '^q-T^r:' fftr T**nrca% <tts: i

26. 'S*renWt' *% ^S^cr% TT5: 1

27. 'iTfrBSTT' f% 8r«5T?5l% <TTS: 1

28. '§TfT^l' 1% T*PT|?a% TTS: I

29-31. 5.' f^: **rref pf:' 1% sw»T$?5fl> ITS: l

32. 'f ^ifcqT^T^i^Tf^' ^% sp^cT^ 7T5: I

33. **ftpf' ifcr T<ssq^i% qrs: i

34. •WsTT' ^fsr q"^T^?T% TTS: I

35. '^RTf'T:' f Rr <T^*TC;*S% <TTS: I

36. '^rfTsr^>' ?% ^57«r% <rre. i

37. '<5TCPT.' f fa SPTTR?r% TT5: I

38. 'srsp^Y ^f% 5rq-TT t T?cr% qrre. i

39. 'sNTRPfl' ffa TOTO?a% TO. I

40. 'STtf:' *% 5T*rq^g% 713: I

41. •srf^sn'i^crfT^T' fftr T<s3 | r^r% <rra: i

42. '^fqTTFTf^ff"T.' ffcT T^T?cT% TT3: I

43. 'S^fa' ?% ^57^% <TT5: I

44. '^m*^^' if?r T^nT"?*^ its: i

45. '^c^^sr' %fb ^3^3% qrs: i

This is the end of 96th chapter of Ayurveda Saukhyam. not
in Todardnanda and the colophon reads as below :

CHAPTER 38

Jala

PanTya, jivana, nira, kildla, amrta, jala, apa, ambha, toya,
udaka, patha, ambu, salila and payas — these are synonymous.

Dugdha, prasravana, ksira, saumya, sanjTvana and payas —
these are synonymous.

Dadhi and stydnam payas — these are the synonyms of well

Ayurveda Sdukhyam of Todarananda 603

fermented dadhi. If it is slightly fermented then it is called
mandaka.

Takra

Danddhata, kdlaseya, gorasa, vilodita, sarasa, nirjala, ghola,
mathita and sara varjita — these are synonymous

Dadhi mixed with equal quantity of water is known as sveta.

Dadhi mixed with half of water is called udas\it.

Dadhi mixed with one fourth of water is called takra.

Navanita

Hayarhgavina, saraja, navanita and anumanthaja — these
are synonymous.

srcFTFHT ffa: ^fqTT^STKlT'T^T'^'qTT II X II

Ghrta

Ghrta, ajya, havis, sarpis, ajydra and amrtahvaya — these
are synonymous.

*raf

2 3

qsf fRT ^TT TTST ^fe^T sf^iTTc^T I

gsrr TfsfTTpTT *F?<TT %^ET ^ ^TSN\ II ^ II

604 Materia Medtca

Madya

Madya, hard, surd, mandd, madira, varunatmaja, sudhd,
gandhottamd, kalpa, devasfsta and varum — these are synonymous.

Iksu

Iksu, mahdrasa, venu nihsfta, guda patraka, tjrna raja, madhu
trna, gandfri and mrtyu puspaka — these are synonymous.

4

SEFJTT ffTcftT^T ^f ^R^TT Sffw^TT^T II =; II
^^TT«T ^ftraT W[V[*ft W^\^f>\l I

Iksu vikdra

Sitd, matsyandika, palli, mindndi and ghallaka — these are
the synonyms of matsyandika.

Another variety of it is called sitopala, Suddha, sikatd,
chatrikd and amala.

Khanda and sitd,'— these are the synonyms of khanda.

Mddhavi is called madhu sarkard. Phdnita, ksudra gudaka
and guda — these are prepared from sugar cane juice.

**%

Ayurveda SaukhyaM of Todardnanda 605

Madhu

Madhu, puspasava, puspa rasa, and maksika — these are the
synonyms of madhu.

Maksika, paittika, ksaudra and bhramara — these are in
brief the different varieties of madhu.

M&ksika is like oil. Paittika has the colour of ghee.
Ksaudra is reddish brown in colour and bhramara is like a
crystal.

*hpt w^ %w toGto *nrf*?PT i

Madana, madhuja, siktha, madhucchisfa and madhusita —
these are synonymous.

l^f^f^f ^fhPF^TPsr ^ip*fwj; i
^^fwff|?r: ^t^t^s: sifter: i

Group of dhdnya

Rak ta sali etc., belong to is// group, sastika etc., belong
to 6/-//7Z group. Mudga etc., belong to dvidala (dicotyleden)
group, Sauca kangu etc., belong to frna dhdnya group. Ksudra
dhanya is called kudhanya. Yava etc., are called sthula dhanya.
Rakta salt is called lohita, garuda is called sakundhrta, sugan-
dhika is called tm<7/?<2 ia// and kalama is called kalamafca.

606 Materia Medica

Pn^f^ft stftref ^BPrerrfMrrear*!; i

Ksireya, paramanna and payasa— these are synonyms of
fairf which is prepared of milk and rice.

Ksfrfkd is difficult of digestion and strength promoting. It
provides nourishment to tissue elements. It is heavy and consti-
pative. It alleviates pitta, rakta pitta (a disease characterised by
bleeding from different parts of the body), agni (digestive power)
and vdyu.

Raga sadava

A preparation of green fruits of amra fermented after
boiling with guda etc.. and added with sneha (oil), eld, and
ndgara is called raga sadava,

A preparation of the juice of the fruit ofjambu mixed
with sitd, rucaka, sindhuttha, vrksamla, paruwka and rajika is
called raga.

Various types of sadavas, prepared by the juxes which are

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todarananda 607

sweet & hot, are stimulant of digestion, nourishing and ap-
petiser It is a cardiac tonic. It alleviates thirst & fatigue.

Khandamra and Khandamalaka

Lehyas prepared of antra and amalaka are cardiac tonic,
promoter of plumpness and strength, nourishing, appetiser,
unctuous, sweet and heavy.

srfsrcf ^f«nr^T3 : JTJTft: ! #QTTf5?f^cncr n ^o n

5

Sikharini

Sugar and dadhi mixed with madhu, aj'ya and marica,
churned by a beautiful lady and mixed with karpura is called
rasald, sikharini, marjita and mdrjikd.

Rasala. is spermatopoetic, strength promoting and appetiser.
It alleviates aggravated vata and pitta. It is unctuous and heavy.
It specially cures pratisydya (cold).

^if^Ts'^"f^Tg^?WTfe¥^^ it R3 n

608 Materia Medica

qhrsrmftrsf fiRr^reT^sOTrTf^ u r\ n
TWFFri «PrtrrTt(?)^a"* fassfir "rr^nr n ^ u

Panaka

The potion prepared of draksa, srika, parusa etc., mixed
with water and khanda (a type of sugar) and impregnated with
marica, ardraka, karpura, caturjataka (tvak, eld, patra and naga
kesard) etc., is called panaka.

Panaka is of two types — one is sour and the other is not
sour.

The panaka prepared of draksa, kharjura, kdsmarya,
madhuka and. parusaka and mixed with karpura is called
panca sara.

Panaka is diuretic, cardiac tonic and nourishing. It cures
morbid thirst and exhaustion.

The heaviness and lightness of panaka should be deter-
mined according to the property of its ingerdients.

Paiica sara type of panaka cures aggravated pitta, morbid
thirst, burning syndrome and exhaustion.

Mddhvika type of panaka cures exhaustion, burning
syndrome, asra pitta (a disease characterised by bleeding from
different parts of the body), klama (mental fatigue) and morbid
thirst.

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 609

The panaka prepared of parnsaka and loka (?) is cardiac-
tonic, constipative and carminative.

The panaka prepared of amlika is laxative and it cures
morbid thirst, intestinal warm infestation, burning syndrome
and exhaustion

Saftaka

On a piece of cloth, dadhi with lot of fat and sugar should 1
be triturated well. To this vyosa {sunthi, pippalT and maricd) r
dadima and ajaji should be added. This is called satfaka.

Saftaka is appetiser and promoter of good voice. It
alleviates pitta and vayu. It is heavy, digestive stimulant, nour-
shing and strength promoting. It cures exhaustion, mental
fatigue and morbid thirst.

6
7

SR^fl" *f^F: TWT: tfta: ST ^Wsqfl I

^10 Materia Medica

Mandaka

Mandaka is prepared over kukula (iron frying pan) or
kharpara (earthen pan) in low charcoal heat. The former type
(prepared over iron pan) is heavier and more nourishing than
the latter (prepared over earthen pan).

Mandaka which is fried over an earthen pan should be
thin. The thicker one is called pupalika.

The mandaka prepared over charcoal is called angara
karkart

Mandaka is very wholesome when it is very hot. The cold
mandaka is heavy.

Angara mandaka is constipative and light. It alleviates all
the three dosas.

8

ST"«nT^*HP<t sr?1T sfeoft W*m 5P*: II 3* II

9

Polika

Polika aggravates kapha. It promotes strength. It
aggravates pitta and alleviates vayu.

Angara karkarl promotes strength, corpulence and semen.
It is light and stimulant of digestion. It alleviates kapfia, heart
disease, pinasa (chronic cold), asthma and cough.

mfrrfWfrm-: HOT: TTftp^r: fouf^: 1I3V.II

10 11

Sdli pista

Eatables prepared of the paste of salt do not promote
strength adequately and they produce burning sensation. They

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 611

are not aphrodisiac. They are heavy and hot. They aggravate
kapha and pitta.

Godhuma bhaksya

Eatables prepared of wheat promote strength and they
alleviate pitta as well as vayu.

Vaidala bhaksya

Eatables prepared of vaidala (pulses) aggravate vayui-
They are heavy, laxative and cooling.

12

TF^wfcTT *j«Rrr: w^rr: fTcRroreT: it \^ w

Masa bhaksya

Eatables prepared of the paste of masa promote strength.
They aggravate pitta and kapha.

fe'ETRfafnrirpT WrFTSTRfT feftrfeJRT I

Other bhaksyas in general

Properties of other eatables should be determined by the
properties of their ingredients.

•Guda yukta bhaksya

Eatables prepared by mixing gvc/a .alleviates vayu. They
produce more of kapha and semen.

612 Materia Medico 1

12

Gkrta pakva bhaksya

Eatables fried with ghee promote strength. They alleviate
pitta and vdyu.

Taila pakva bhaksya

Eatables fried with oil reduce eye sight and vdyu. They?
are hot. They vitiate pitta and rakta.

^Tgrfqr^Tnreqr: fen - : ^«n?ra=n": n vo u

Dugdha bhakysa

Eatables prepared by boiling the paste of godhuma, sdlr
etc., in milk alleviate vdyu and pitta. They are cardiac tonics-
and they promote semen as well as strength,

sfT^r ?rf^ wn "hmvrt g;TTfog-*T i

f%??Tpf ?rfWT T^T cRT: fa^fefirfsrg-iT I IV? 1 1!

^njst 3^f«i> fsr: fTcTTfawnT^T ii v^ ir

Ayurveda Saukhyarti of Todarananda 613

Ghrta piira

The well filtered flour of wheat should be kneaded with
milk and boiled with ghee. Thereafter, sugar should be added
to it. Then karpura and marica should be mixed. This is called
ghrta pura.

Refined wheat flour should be mixed with milk and juice
of narikera. The dough should then be boiled in ghee. This
is also called ghrta pura.

Ghrta piira is heavy, aphrodisiac and cardiac tonic. It
alleviates pitta and vdyu. It is instantaneously life-giving.

It promotes strength and alleviates ksata (consumption).
It is extremely nourishing.

sf ftrgrr srfwpsrr ^i %arwf^firfw>T 1 1 vv 1 1

13

14

Samyava

Refined wheat flour should be fried with ghee and mixed
with sugar and marica. It should then be impregnated with the
powder of eld, lavanga and karpura. This should be pressed with
the help of some unprocessed wheat flour over a wooden plate
(alamba put a) and then fried in ghee. Thereafter, it should
be boiled in sugar syrup. This preparation is called sathyava.

(514 Materia Medica

Refined wheat flour should be kneaded with honey and
milk. It should then be fried in ghee and sugar syrup conse-
cutively. This should be kept in a new jar and sprinkled with
the powder of marica, sugar and camphor. This is called
samyava which is like ambrosia.

15

Madhu sirsdka

Thin apiipas should be prepared by kneading the refined 1
wheat flour. These should be filled up with a mixture of boiled
pieces of the skin of the fruit of matulunga and ardraka. In
these rounded apiipas, fragrant things like kesara should be
added and these should be boiled in ghee and sugar (syrup)-
consecutively. This preparation is called madhu sirsaka.

^rfaRrt 5^?fr^T +)<nfik«ir 5^%^ 11 k° 11

Madhu pupaka

Refined wheat flour should be mixed with gutfa toya and
filtered. This should he kneaded with ghee and then boiled in.
good quantity of ghee. This is called madhu pupaka.

^rer^iWprr: <m?ft: sfspTi^rr: \\ xr 11

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 615

JT^ft f I*TT: fSTT: ^qr: fqrTTf?F?TT<r|T: I

Dadhi pupaka

Paste of Soli should be kneaded with dadhi and fried in
ghee. Rounded pieces of this dough should be smeared with
sugar syrup. These are called dadhi pupaka.

Sarhyava, madhu sirsa etc., pupaka and dadhi pupaka are
heavy, nourishing, cardiac tonic and aphrodisiac. They alleviate
pitta and vayu.

There are different types of these preparations and their
properties vary depending upon their method of processing.

OT3PkT**ri<rftot cf^ft^ra-snpiw it vy n

trq- fasq^t ^m ^refl%sfq- ^yr. u *^ u
T^TRT^rsPr ^r ««%• ^s^pt I
cTCTT^fesrRt: fasT^T 1% S^cT: II K.V9 II

fspnret f^wt f^r: fTTrrfsr^r^t *rc: i

Curd and milk should be taken in equal quantity and
boiled till half remains. To this, the rice of red variety of salt
and tila should be added. One musti of the seeds of each of
piyala, panasa and abja should then be mixed with it. Ghee
should then l be taken in the same quantity as that of milk and

j616 Materia Medica

added to it with sugar and marica. After boiling, trikatu isunpii,
pippali and marica) should be added along with fragrant things
like karpura. This preparation is called visyandana and it is
rare even in the heaven.

When boiled in ghee, it gets condensed {skandana) from
all sides for which it is called visyandana by the experts in the
science of cooking.

Visyandana is brmhana (nourishing) and cardiac tonic. It
alleviates pitta and vdyu, and it is heavy.

srtwf *rss^xr% wet f%<rf 5Rft ? *rc*w n x* n

16
17

Lapsika

In the hot ghee refined wheat flour should be added. To
this sugar should be added thereafter. Milk boiled with the
fruit pulp of cam should then be added. It should then be
mixed with eld. This is known as lapsika or lalita.

Lapsika is nourishing and aphrodisiac. It alleviates vdyu
and pitta. It is heavy.

«£fN7T

Phenika etc.

Phenika, pufinT and subhra — these preparations alleviate
vdta and j?j*ta. They are light.

Their methods of preparation may be ascertained from
expert cooks.

Ayurveda Sauk hy am of Todardnanda 617

ifr^^T: ST^S-aFT: 5ftrfiTC% ^FPfifesTT: *Rrmi^ll

«\ C\ C\

ssaf f^rnaf Trfcr^R^wnrfq- faf|?ifcni ^311
Tfr^^r: fs^rr: ^^tt: sfett: fq^rrf?raTq-fT: i

Modaka is called ladduka. It is of various types. Dadhi,
milk, chease, refined wheat flour, paste of mdsa, surana, ardraka,
kusmdnda, saluka, meat, fish, various types of fruits — these,
among others, are the ingredients of modaka. Their details may
he obtained from supa sdstra. Their properties will be the same
as those of their ingredients.

Modakas are difficult of digestion, aphrodisiac and strength
promoting. They alleviate pitta and vdyu.

*n*TF^ra?Pt fsft f^rff q-^irfr: n %k i

c «

^qr^: war^rr ^qr: fqi^r: ^^rsf^ra; n \% i

Vafaka

Preparations of the paste of mdsa and mudga are called
vafaka and vatikd. Their properties should be determined on the
basis of the properties of their ingredients.

618 Materia Medicar

Vataka prepared of masa is cardiac tonic. It cures burning
sensation and it alleviates vdyu.

Vataka prepared of sdn^dki is harmful for eye sight. It
aggravates dosas and it is heavy.

Vataka prepared to tusdmbu is appetiser. It aggravates pitta-
and it alleviates kapha and vdta.

Ii}4ari

Indan promotes the quantity of semen. It is ununctuous -
and constipative. It aggravates kapha and vdta.

Somalika

Somalika is heavy, aphrodisiac and appetiser. If alleviates
(all) dosas.

feared jfr^tfrfTcrt sr^sf ifr^qfirf^Rm i
f%T# ttht **nw ^rir>2TT ^r q-^n^rcrm 11^11

ifrsrro ^romr ^r <r% fa<rr^ u ^s. ir
(^^iMfi:) Prfhrt i^?5niT i
gq-^rr v^nwTr ftrartitfaf'Tftn^ h \9° u
ot 3 f *«^pt ?rnr stesJTfNrsra-snrr i

Rundalika

Two prasthas of refined wheat flour and one prastha of~

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todardnanda 619

godhuma, should be mixed with milk and kneaded. This dough
should be kept till it becomes sour. Through a clean cup of
coconut shell having a hole at the bottom, this dough should be
pcured in a whirling manner over hot ghee. When fully boiled
it takes the shape of an armlet. It should then be dropped in
sugar syrup. This preparation is called kundahkd

Rundalika promotes plumpness, complexion and strength.

Werner

SB

Kulmdsa

According to some scholars half soaked godhuma etc.,
are called kulmdsa.

Kulmdsa is heavy and ununctuous. It aggravates vdytt
and causes purgation.

*f«ft ^^x: srar: ifT.m% sTrUTf: i

Mantha

Freshly harvested barley should be fried with husk and
then made to a powder. • This is called saktu.

620 Materia Medica

Saktu should be kneaded with ghee and then mixed with
cold water. It should be neither very thick nor very thm. This
preparation is called mantha.

Mantha immediately promotes strength, but in the long
run. it reduces strength. It cures meha (obstinate urinary dis-
orders including diabetes), tr§nd (morbid thirst), bhaya (fear
complex), chardi (vomiting), kusfha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy) and deha srama (physical fatigue). Mixed
with draksa and honey it promotes strength and alleviates
aggravated kapha, fatigue and intoxicating conditions.

When mixed with three groups of medicines, it brings
dosas and feces downwards.

Hxfisft v^mi qftcTT: tfrTTT: *ra*r: *TCT. I

f'T^TOf^ra": fq's^^Tqf: ^rffcIT: II W II
SPEW: WFfcsttgm ^'^■sfcrqfq-crr: l

fqrt sftw »r^^rt s , ^^r?%ff^r *m u vs=; \i
T 5T5n?gir?fr srcfar: stb^tstft %3*pt iivse.ii

Saktu

Saktu prepared of yava is cooling, stimulant of digestion,

light and laxative. It alleviates kapha and pitta. It is

ununctuous, lekhana (having scraping effect) and patana (?) It

promotes strength instantaneously & is wholesome for persons

-fatigued by the heat of the sun.

Saktu is also prepared by frying and pounding dehusked
pulses like canaka.

Ayurveda Saukhyarh of Todardnanda 62V

Mixed with sugar and ghee saktu is exceedingly useful in
summer season.

It is heavy when prepared in the form of a bolus (pindi}
and when prepared in the form of a thin linctus (lehika) it is
light.

Saktu should not be taken in empty stomach. It should
not be chewed. It should not be taken at night. It should not
be consumed in excess quantity. Eating of saktu should not be
interrupted by drinking of water. Saktu should not be taken-
alone.

^£^T?*nf?srr <F!TsrT STFTT ^^"tsfW 1
STPSfT sreraTT 5lt3T ^TT fq"rRH55p?T II =:o ||

s^br - ^T^r^Prr^ i

Lajd

Fried salt etc., are called lajd and fried yava etc., are
called dhdna.

Lajd is lighter, cooling and strength promoting. It aggra-
vates pitta and kapha. It cures chardi (vomiting), atisdra
(diarrhoea), daha (burning syndrome), asra (vitiation of blood),
meha (obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes) and trsa
(morbid thirst).

18
STFTT fassfcrft WT «P<*)Nt<TfT W%\ \\ d ? II

Dhdna

Dhdna is constipative and ununctuous. It reduces kapha
and medas. It is light.

622 Materia Medica

q-spFT »R«ft ^3TT 5%SR?TT: ^TcFTFfFTT: II ^ II

CO «

Prthukd

Boiled and wet brihi etc., are pounded (pressed). These
are called prthukd.

Prthukd is heavy and strength promoting. It aggravates
kapha and alleviates vayu.

fof^srr^WTfsr: gw> ffe^t T5T: I

Holaka is prepared by frying halt boiled simbi dhanya
By nature, holaka produces vayu, medas and kapha in small
quantity.

UrhvT

Immature wheat when fried is called ulumva, lumva and
urhvikd.

UthvT aggravates kapha. It is strength promoting and
light. It alleviates pitta and vayu.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1 This is the 97th chapter of Ayurveda saukhyarh in Todard-
ireupv vnd the opening invocation reads as below. ,

Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda 623

wsr^rr trwrfctcr: *pvr*rT5pr zi^^^m i

2. '^T' ^f?T q'WT^ its: I

3. 'ffsr' f fir TTtrq^g% qrs: i

-4. '^^r^g-srr' ffir q^q-^ qra: i
5. '^Tftrqr' ^fir srsnrqw^ qT5: i

7. 'snnrwFef f fir T*r*rrc3% qrs: i
•8. 'f^sr' ifir <iwr^% its: i

9. '^wt ^fa^srsFtqFn--.' ^fir T^q^^r qrs: i

10. In mss I & V, at the end of this verse it is written

11. 'wra^T ^6 smm' ifcr qwr?a% qrs: i

12. 'Prarwrq^r.' ^fir <rwr*<r% tts: i

13. 'srfadH^qtf' ff?r T^r*rr??r% qrs: i

14. '^re^p^m-Jr' %fa 5pq-*rq;??r% qrs: t

15. 'rafa^^^cr^:' ?fir sr^m*^ qrc. i

17. '^f%grr' ifir q-'^q-^ qrs: i

18. 'w§:' wfir 5nr*r<TScr% Tre: i

19. This is the end of 97th chapter of Ayurveda Saukhyam
in Todarananda and the colophon reads as below :

*nf tftarfr* ftr# fasnrcrf sftetra" stct i

an^^wr^af ^T^rd stf factor <tt*t i
\TH$fef !?zftTnj^ #^sq-^ir: wt ii e;^ n

624 Materia Medical

\i^qvfevmr% f^Tf%?r: ^rnp^rTftT tpsttstct h^ip
' t%5%<rt TT*rT^ts(%5T3irrt fnrfrf«R>T^: xfe: i

ipg-sf ^rsr^ ^TT?r^r ^ptt?*^ ?n*f<?T 115.011

=Mi5<f<*n^ q^rg-%cnfr ^"f : (?)n ^nrRTgu mie^r *rara;n «ft «fV 11

11 ^TtTVsr^^wwRr q - ^: 11

INDEX

{Glossary of Technical Words)

Abalya (weakness), 69

Abhighata (injury), 312

Abhisyanda (conjunctivitis), 56

Abhisyandin (which obstructs
channels of circulation),
122, 123, 131, 143, 155, 157,
166, 196, 219, 222, 242,
254, 258, 266, 277, 281,
314, 324, 331, 336

Abhra (cloud), 83

Abhyanga (massage), 180

Abhyantara daha (burning sen-
sation inside the body), 419

Abhyantara vidradhi (internal
abscess), 414

Adahin (which docs not pro-
duce burning sensation),
382

Adlmana (tymphanitis), 7, 15,
27, 40

(flatulence), 88, 190, 227,
230

Agastya (star Canopus), 223

Aghata (injury), 101

Agni, 9, 125
(fire), 5

(digestive power), 52, 214
(enzymes responsible for
digestion and metabolism),
6
(heat), 213

Agni dipana (promoter of
digestive power), 29

Agni mdndya (suppression of

digestive power), 3, 28, 150,

232

(indigestion), 228
Agnyalpatd (suppression of the

power of digestion), 38
Ahichhatra (name of a moun-
tain), 99
Ahrdya (which is not cardiac

tonic), 300
Ajirna (indigestion), 202, 306
Akasa ganga (the Ganga river

in the sky as described in

the epic), 212
Akledi (deteriorate), 213
Akrta (which is not fried with

ghee etc.). 376
Akrta yusa (the yusa which is

not mixed with fat, salt

and pungent spices), 380
Aksa tarpana (application of

cotton swab soaked in the

milk over the eyes), 144
Aksepana (convulsion), 7
Aksi paka (conjunctivitis), 5
Aksi purana (pouring over eyes),

180
Aksi ruk (pain in eyes), 108
AlaksmT (inauspiciousness), 59,

60, 102, 173
AJavana (free from saline taste),

20
Ama (a product of improper

626

Materia Medica

digestion and metabolism),
21, 25,26,28, 51, 58, 67,
81, 88, 138, 150, 177,202,
229, 230, 231, 304, 335,
356, 416, 417
Ama dosa, 305

Ama maruta (rheumatism), 30
Amasaya (stomach including

small intestine), 53
Ama vata (rheumatism), 37, 52,

65, 81, 92, 145
Kmaya (disease), 69
Amla (sour), 2, 10, 32, 155
Amla pitta (hyper-acidity in
stomach), 81, 192, 250, 309

Amla rasa (having sour taste),
80

Amsvdaka (the water which is
exposed to the sun's rays
during the day time and the
moon's rays during the
night time), 223

Anabhisyandt (which does not
obstruct the channels of
circulation), 217, 223

Andha (constipation), 27, 28
(tymphanitis), 4, 68, 201
(flatulence), 63, 64, 123, 125,
126,143,181, 190, 191,204,
205, 206, 230, 249, 333, 379
(wind formatation in
stomach), 15

(obstruction to the move-
ment of wind in the
stomach), 35, 39, 40

Anala (heat), 215

Artala sada (suppression of the
power of - digestion), 33

Anga marda (malaise), 201, 412

Angas (pieces), 13T

Anila sonita {gout), 142

Anilasra (gout), 52

Ahjarta (collyrium), 29

Anna (food), 150

Antaiiksa jala (water collected
directly from the sky), 223

Anupa (meat of animals in-
habiting marshy land), 257
(marshy land), 216, 256
(water which is found in
marshy areas), 216, 217

Anupana (post prandial drink),
302, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398

Arm rasa (subsidiary taste),
105, 143, 144, 154, 156,
161, 179, 204, 287, 292,
300, 313, (after-taste), 135

Anuvasana, 411

Apaci (cervical adenitis), 29,
30, 54, 55

Apasmara (epilepsy), 95, 175

Apatantraka (convulsion), 68

Arbuda (tumour), 3

Ardita (facial paralysis), 171,
257, 287

Arocaka (anoxeria), 66, 190,
227, 306, 377, 420

Arogyambu (healthy water),
229-30

Arsas (piles)* 24, 26-30, 34-5,
37, 53, 56, 63, 64, 66, 74,
79, 81,86,95, 125-26, 143,
157,160, 168, 171-72, 182,
189, 190-92, 194, 201, 207,
230, 261, 268, 306, 326-28,
339, 341 362, 378, 416,
421
Arti (pain), 7, 77

Index

627

Aruci (anorexia), 33, 39, 43,
68, 74, 104, 154, 164, 168,
191, 204, 227, 273, 305,
306, 333, 415, 420

Aruksa (not un-unctouous),
123

Aruna (reddish), 21

Asadha (June- July), 224

Asma (stone in urinary tract),
87

Asma dosa (adulteration with
stones), 79

Asman (stone in urinary tract),
44, 77, 79, 125, 133,333,
^36, 378, 414, 418

Asma sarkara (stones and
gravels in the urinary
tract), 95

^™(bIood), 48, 103, 105, 107,
108

Asra pitta (a disease charact-
ised by bleeding from
different parts of the bodv),
5,47

Asrk pitta (a disease charac-
terised by bleeding from
different parts of the body)
133, 159

Asthapana (a type of medicat-
ed enema), 201, 205, 411

Asthi Magna (fracture of
bone), 50

Asthila (hard tumour in the
abdomen), 181

Asthilika (stony tumour in
abdomen), 27

Asthi sula (pain in bones), 201

Asuci(seme of impurity), 257

Asuddha (not properly pro-

cessed), 73, 94

Asuddhi (when the purification
therapy has not acted pro-
perly), 230

Aiuta (process of fermenta-
tion), 200

Asvina (September-October),
212, 213, 224

Asya (mouth), 68

Asya roga (diseases in mouth),
87

Asya vairasya (distaste in
mouth), 62

Atikusfha, 76

Atllekhana (exceedingly deplet-
ing), 101

Atisara (diarrhoea), 23, 24,
25, 45, 58, 80, 110, 133,
136, 142, 150, 154, 164,
168, 230, 268, 302, 337
357, 360, 365, 367, 417

Atopa (gurgling sound in the
stomach), 36

Atyamla (excessively sour),
155, 156

Avagaha (bath), 180

Avalehika (linctus), 366

Avidahin (which does not cause
burning sensation), 123

Ayusya (promoter of longe-
vity), 14, 20

Baddha (a special process by
which mercury is made to
stand strong heat without
vapourisation), 90

Baddha gudodara (obstinate
type of abdominal disease
caused by obstruction in

62$

Materia Medica

the rectum), 301
Baddha nisyanda (prevention of

excretion), 195
Balya (promoter of strength),

30, 34
Bandhar.a sariiskara (a type of

processing of mercury), 90
Baslayim (the milk of a cow

long after her delivery), 144
Bhadrapada (August-Septem-
ber), 224
Bhagandara (fistula-in-ano), 76

81, 84, 168
Bhagna (fracture), 50, 102
Bhagna-sandhana kft (healer

of fracture), 34
Bhak?ya (eatable), 382, 383,

385, 386, 387
Bhdnda (jar m which curd is

prepared), 161
Bharjita (fried), 371
Bhasma (calcined powder of

metals, minerals etc.), 85,

404
Bhasmaka (gluttonous appe-
tite), 263
Bhauma (which is available on

the earth), 211, 215, 217
Bhavana (impregnation), 408
Bhaya (fear), 13
Bhedana (purgative), 18, 67
Bhrama (giddiness), 4, 61,74,

159, 168, 227, 230, 325,

381, 396
Bhril (eye brows), 68
Bhuta (evil spirits), 53
Brahma, SO, 97
Brdhmaiia, 89, 99
Brddlia (over matured), 329

Brmhana (nourishing), 14, 29,

31, 33, 47, 74, 131
Brmhani (nourishing), 50
Buddhi prada (promoter of

intellect), 14

Caitra (name of a month
according to Hindu calen-
der, March-April), 224

Caksusya (promoter of eye-
sight), 3, 14, 20 39, 78, 96,
100

Capala dosa (a type of defect
in mercury), 91

Car a (those who move viz.,
animal kingdom), 97

Caraka, 208,' 410

Caraka samhitd, 212

Caundya (a big well without a
boundary wall), 224

Cetana (consciousness), 13

Cetovikara (mental disease),
207

Chardi (vomiting), 15, 18, 22,
25, 40, 41, 44, 60, 63, 64,
65, 66, 67, 80, 133 136,
138,168, 172, 190,210,230,
257, 302, 305, 306, 318,
337, 365, 367, 379, 381,
420,421,427

Chedcma (which takes away
tissue by cutting), 199

Chedi (depleting), 95

(which takes away tissues
by cutting), 194
(which has the power to
penetrate by incision), 353

Citta santapa (excessive dis-
comfort m mind), 74

Index

629

Cosana (sucking), 300

Cunda (big well without any

boundary wall), 220, 224,

293

Dadru (ring worm), 43, 206

Doha (burning sensation), 4, 6
(burning syndrome), 23, 36,
42, 47, 48, 57, 59, 60,62,
64, 67, 102, 103, 158, 168,
172, 175 200,211, 217,227,
230, 303, 309, 310, 312,
313, 315, 333, 365, 367,
382, 419, 420, 426

Ddha karita (producing burn-
ing sensation), 79

Dala (fragility), 72

Dalas (pieces or fruit in a
bunch), 13

Dandahata (stirred with a
wooden rod), 149

Danta (teeth), 68

Danta dardhya krt (which
makes teeth strongly em-
bedded in the gums), 57

Danta gada (diseases of teeth),
107

Darana (penetrating), 214

(which causes excission), 215

Daurgandhya (foul smell com-
ing out of the body), 43,
55, 60, 62, 65

Dhanya (corns and cereals),
343, 348, 350, 379

Dhara sita (when milk be-
comes cold after milking),
145, 146

Dharosna (warm milk of the
cow immediately after

milking), 145, 146

Dhatus (tissue elements of the
body), 2, 3, 85, 99, 158,411

Dhatu vada (preparing gold
out of ordinary metals), 89

Diggaja (elephant guiding
different directions as des-
cribed in the epic), 212

Dipana (digestive stimulant),
5, 14, 20, 30, 34

Dojsaghna (correcting morbid
factors), 183

Dosa (Three factors in the
body viz., vayu, pitta and
kapha. They control the
physiological activities of
the body. When vitiated or
aggravated they afflict the
tissues and channels of
circulation to produce
different types of disease),
2, 10, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20,
25,27, 31, 42,46, 67, 68,
71, 85, 86, 90, 9J, 95,98,
104, 105, 106, 108, 122, 135,
138, 144, 145, 148, 155,
157, 160, 166, 175, 181,
196, 211, 213, 219, 221,
222, 223, 225, 228, 230,
233, 235, 241, 242, 243,
249,257,261,267,268,269,
270, 271, 273, 291, 298,
299, 303, 307, 323, 324,
325, 326, 330, 331, 335
336, 337, 362, 367, 372,
376, 379, 397 398, 410,
412, 417, 425, 427

Dravya (matter), 1 1

Drdhata (sturdiness), 79

636

Materia Medica

Druti kriya (a special method
for processing mercury), 84

Dumaman (piles), 26, 28, 33,
108, 160, 195, 206, 280

Duslvisa (artificial poison), 27,
280

Du$ta vrana (obstinate type of
ulcer), 52

(serious type of ulcer), 102
(suppurated ulcer), 424

Dusti (evil sight), 97

Gadgadatva (lulling speech),
257

Gagana (sky), 83

Gila (throat), 68

Gala ganda (goitre), 3, 257

Gala graha (obstruction in the
throat), 227, 377

Galamaya (diseases of throat),
126

Ganda (goitre), 29, 43, 54, 91,
214, 263, 264

Ganda mala (enlarged cervical-
glands), 30

Gara (a type of poisoning),
78, 92, 175, 207, 328

Garbha prada (promoter of con-
ception), 47

Gatra daurgandhya (foul smell
of the body), 64

Gaurava (heaviness), 124

Ghana (pressure), 72, 73

Ghanasaha (intolerant of pres-
sure), 77

Ghrta vy&pat (complications be-
cause of wrong administra-
tion of ghee), 164, 168

Glani (tiredness), 362

Galaka (abscess), 84

Graha (obstruction), 7
(planets), 97

(affliction by unfavourably
situated planets), 59
(afflictions by evil planets
or spirits), 63, 102

Graham (sprue syndrome), 28,
35, 59, 64, 80, 89, 108,
125, 126, 158, 164, 168,
191, 201, 227, 290, 326,
327, 339, 341

Graham dosa (sprue synd-
rome), 15, 272

Grahl (constipative), 7, 55, 67

Granthi (adenitis), 29, 30, 85,
181

Grdhrasi (sciatica), 2 1

Gudaja (piles), 50

Guda Idla (piles), 249

Gulma (phantom tumour), 15,
21, 27, 28, 33, 34, 37, 38,
39, 40 56, 58, 64 76,
81, 125, 126, 164, 168, 174,
189, 190, 195, 204, 205,
206, 227, 230, 249, 306,
316, 378, 412, 414, 416,
418,421,423

Guna (property), 2
(attributes), 8, 13

Guru (heavy), 3, 9

Gurufa (heaviness), 79

Haima (water from snow)

211,214,215
Hanu (mandibles), 68
Hdridra, 98
Harita (green), 12

Index

631

Harsa (tingling sensation), 156

Hayamganna (the ghee that
is taken out from the
cream produced at the time
of milking the cow), 176

Hema kriyd (preparing gold),
93

Hemanta (beginning of win-
ter), 152, 159, 223, 235
293

Hidhma (hiccup), 34, 181

Hikka (hiccup), 15, 65, 136,
150, 207, 227, 230, 249,
271

Hima (cooling), 39
(snow), 214, 215

Hlddi (pleasing), 103

Hrdamaya (heart disease), 15,
269

Hrdaya daha (burning sensa-
tion in the chest), 302

Hrd roga (heart disease), 21,
33, 45, 79, 1 26, 226, 420,
424

Hrdruk ( heart disease), 123,

Hrdya (cardiac tonic), 34, 39,
59

Hrllasa (nausea), 22, 25, 63,
65, 66, 79, 92

Hrtpidd (pain in cardiac re-
gion), 7, 86

Indriya bodhana (which activa-
tes the senses), 192, 194
Isvara (God), 97

Jadya (numbness & rigidity),
91, 136

Jagala (lower portion of surd),
190, 191

Jandrdana (God), 90

Jangala (arid land), 7, 216,
256

(the water found in arid
areas), 216, 217
(meat of animals dwelling
in dry land forests), 257

Jantu (parasitic infection), 33,
56

Jard (old age), 69

Jdta vedas (Agni or Fire god),
70

Jathara (obstinate abdominal
diseases including ascitis),
207

Jayyafa, (name of a physician),
151

Jirrta jvara (chronic fever), 33,
150

Jivana (life), 13

Jvara (fever), 3, 4, 21, 23 24,
26, 28, 34, 37, 39, 47, 52,
59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66,
67,68,71,74, 77, 92, 133,
142, 159, 225, 228, 229,
231, 248, 267, 268, 270,
273, 309, 312, 325, 337,
339, 353, 356, 357, 360,
365, 372, 377, 378, 382,
413,416, 420,421,423,427

Jyestha (May- June), 224

Kaca (hair), 87

Kddambari (the lower portion

of sura, which is more

dense), 190, 191

632

Materia Medica

Kaidara (the water of the field),

222
Kamala (jaundice), 15, 51, 67,

81, 92, 159, 205
Kampa (shivering), 6

(tremor), 7
Kandu (itching), 4, 5, 15, 27,

52, 55, 56, 63, 86, 87, 88,

101, 103, 108, 180, 330,
353, 413, 417

Kanjika (the potion prepared
by fermenting dhanya man-
da etc.), 200, 202

Kapha (one of the three dosas;
it is responsible for cohe-
sion of bodily organs), 3,
5, 6,7,9, 10, 15, 17, 18,
19,20, 21, 22, 23, 24,25
26, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52,

53, 54, 55, 56 57, 58, 60,
61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,
69, 74, 75, 77, 78, 87, 88,
92, 94, 95, 99, 100, 101,

102, 109, 111, 122, 123,
126, 127, 129, 130, 131,
132, 137, 342, 150, 152,
154, 155, 156, 158, 159,
160, 161, 162, 164, 166,
167, 168, 169, 172, 173,
174, 177, 179, 180, 182,
183, 184, 185, 189, 191,
192,194,195,196,199,199-
206 207,212,214,215,216,
217, 218, 220, 221, 229,
230, 242, 243, 245, 246,
247, 248, 249, 250, 251,
252 ? 258, 259, 262, 263,

264, 265, 266-68, 269, 270,

271, 272, 274, 275, 276,

277, 278, 280, 286, 287,

288, 289, 290, 291, 295,

298, 299, 300, 303, 304,

305, 306, 307, 308, 309,

310, 312, 314, 315, 316,

317, 318, 319, 324, 327,

328, 329, 330, 331, 332,

333, 334, 335, 336, 337,

340, 341, 342, 353, 354,

356, 357, 360, 362, 366,

367, 370, 376, 377, 378,

379, 380, 381, 383, 384,

385, 387, 395, 398, 411,

413, 414, 415, 416, 417,

418, 420, 421, 422, 423,

424, 425, 426, 427

Kaphapaha (alleviator of

kapha), 35

Kaphotklesa (salivation), 305

Kama pur ana (ear drop), 180

Karsana (depleting), 29, 36

(which eliminates by force),
353

Kansya (emaciation), 47, 69,
154, 157

Kartika (October- November),
224

Kartikeya, (Lord Siva's son) 73

Kasa (coughing), 15, 22, 23,
33, 34, 37, 38, 41, 43
(bronchitis), 45-7, 51, 61,
63, 65, 66, 68, 110, 136,
142, 150, 157, 167, 171,
173, 175, 194, 205, 206,
227, 229, 232, 246, 249,
261, 267, 268, 271, 279,
305, 306, 308, 312, 330 T

Index

633

332, 339, 342, 367, 372,
377, 378, 398,412,415,425

Kasaya (astringent), 2

Kasmala (impurity), 79

Katu (pungent), 2, 10

Katuka (spices having pungent
taste), 370

Katu p&cita (boiled with pun-
gent spices), 371

Katu paka (pungent in vipaka),
21,28

Kesya (useful for hair or pro-
moter of hair), 18, 34, 101,
102

Khalitya (baldness), 5, 69

Khanda (candied sugar), 132
382, 407

Khara (un-unctuous), 366

Khe gati (moving in the sky),
89

Kildsa (a type of leucoderma)
34, 76, 206

Klama (mental fatigue), 162,
211,396

Kleda (appearance of sticky
material in excess in the
body), 6, 29, 30, 126, 162

Kledana (promoter of sticki-
ness), 4

Kledi (producer of stickiness),
124

Konkana (name of a mountain
or a region), 99

Kosna (luke-warm), 149
Kostha (colon), 167
Kotha (urticaria), 168

(urticarial rashes), 417
Kramana samskara (a type of
processing of mercury), 90

Krcchra (dysuria), 36, 54, 77,
87, 88, 106, 108

Kriml (parasitic infection), 377
(maggot), 196
(parasitic infestation), 3
(parasitic infection), 5, 6,
15, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
34, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 59, 74,
75, 78, 79, 85, 95, 102,
106, 107. 108, 109, 125,
128, 131, 136, 137, 143,
160, 168, 174, 175, 180,
181, 182, 184, 196, 199,
200, 204, 206, 207, 231,
262, 271, 280, 306, 313,
319, 324, 330, 342, 353,
368, 415, 423, 424

Krmi dosa (parasitic infection),
27

Kroda (pelvic region), 295

Krta (which is fried with ghee
etc ), 376

Krta yusa (yusa, which is pre-
pared of pungent spices,
fat and salt.), 380

Ksama bhrt (stands to pressure),
80

Ksata (consumption), 5

(phthisis), 50, 133, 168,

303, 310, 311, 313, 315,

372

Ksataghna (cures consumption),

' 35
Ksata kslna (consumption), 46

Ksatriya (name of a caste), 84,

' 85, 99

Ksaya (consumption), 22, 47

Mala (cervical-adenitis), 87

634

Materia Medica

63, 66, 71, 74, 76, 81, 86,
94, 95, 102, 109, 110,
130, 142, 157, 168, 173,
192, 228, 267, 271, 279,
303, 308-310, 311, 313,
315, 330, 372, 378, 395
(phthisis), 46, 47

Ksina (emaciation), 132, 372

Ksira sagara (mythical ocean
of milk), 93

Ksiti (ground), 337

Ksut (morbid hunger), 191,
312, 359, 372

Kuksi sida (colic pain in the
pelvic region), 33

Kula (side of water), 264

Kustha (obstinate skin diseases
including leprosy), 4, 5, 6,
20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 30, 33,
34, 36-38, 41, 48, 49, 51,
52, 53-5, 56, 57, 58, 64,
66-68, 74,76,79,81, 84-6,
87,88, 90, 91, 92,94, 95,
99, 102, 103, 104, 107, 108,
109, 111, 138, 149, 159,
160, 168, 172, 174, 175
180, 181, 182, 184, 204,
206, 214, 226, 228, 253,
280, 287, 313, 325, 330,
335, 342, 353, 377, 402,
403, 413, 415, 422, 423,
424, 426, 427

Kustha roga (obstinate skm
diseases including leprosy),
87

Laghu (light), 8, 14, 39, 54, 88,

123
Laghu paki (which is easy for

digestion), 377

Lekhana (which causes scrap-
ing or having scraping pro-
perty), 4, 9, 64
(depleting), 31, 73, 78, 88,
96, 135, 136, 180

Locana (eyes), 68

Loha mardava karaka (which
causes softness in iron), 88

Lomila daitya (a group of
demons), 78

Mada (intoxication), 52, 211,

312
Madanut (cures intoxication),

27
Madatyaya (alcoholism), 177,

227, 312, 341
Madhu meha (diabetes mellitus),

228
Madhura (sweet), 2, 10, 21
Magha (January-February), 224
Maha bhiitas (basic elements),

343
Maha gada (serious disease),

73
Maha ghrta (the ghee which

is preserved for more than

one hundred years), 177
Mahesvara (God) , 90
Majja (bone marrow), 6, 185,

186

(pulp), 15

(pith), 312
Mala (waste products), 3

(excessive excretion of

waste products), 60

(impurity), 77
(rust), 82

Index

635

Mala dosa (a type impurity in

mercury), 91
Malas (waste products), 41 1
Malaya (name of a mountain),

99
Mali (name of a demon), 98
Mandagni (suppression of the

powei of digestion), 423
Mandanala (suppression of the

power of digestion), 301
Manojna (pleasing to the

mmd), 59
Manya (sterno-mastoid region),

68

Manya stambha (torticolis), 7

Marana samskara (lit. death, a
t> pe of processing of mer-
cury), 90

Margasirsa (November-
December), 224

Medaka (the sura which is at
the bottom of the contai-
ner), 190, 191

Medas (fat), 3, 5, 6, 29,38,
185, 189, 377, 413, 414,
415

(adiposity), 30, 62, 69,
79, 127, 131, 138, 154, 155,
168, 172, 173, 180, 194,
214, 249, 379, 416, 423

Medha (intellect), 53, 54

Medhya (promoter of intellect),
6,20
(promoter of memory), 14

Meha (obstinate urinary disor-
ders including diabetes), 3,
20, 22, 23, 29, 30, 34, 38,
44, 48, 55, 66, 75, 76, 79,
85-7, 95, 137, 138, 168,

192, 194, 206, 280, 291,
367, 368, 378, 413, 416,

422-24, 426, 427
Minminatva (stammering), 257
Moha (unconsciousness), 133,

136
Mrdu (soft), 21
Mrdu recana (laxative), 21
Mrduta (softness), 5
Mrtyu (death), 79

(apprehension of death),

381
Mukata (dumbness), 257
Mukha roga (diseases of

mouth), 77

(diseases of the oral cavity),

257
Mukha sosa (dryness of

mouth), 372
Mukula (bud), 54
Murccha (fainting), 6, 7, 74,

91, 133, 168, 175,210,211,

221, 230, 312, 365, 379,

382
Miircchana samskara (a type

of processing of mercury),

90
Musti (handful), 378
Mutra dosa (urinary disorders),

419
Mutraghata (anuria), 414
MUtra graha (anuria), 164

(suppression of urination),

168
Mutra krcchra (dysuria), 45, 46,

48, 63, 95, 133, 148, 154,

167, 189, 367, 414, 418, 420
Mutrala (diuretic), 35

636

Materia Medico-

Nada (big river), 217
NadT (small river), 217
Nddeye (the water which is

derived from river), 217
Nddi vrana (sinus), 205
Naga (lead), 76
Naga dadhi (curd of elephant's

milk), 161
Naga dosa (a type of impurity

in mercury), 91
Nagas (snakes as described in

the epic), 213
Naisargika (natural), 91,
Naktandhya (night blindness),

110
Nasika (nose), 68
Nasta (curdled), 151
Nasya (inhalation), 46, 180
Nava (freshly collected), 132,

137
Nava para (beginning stage of

fever), 227, 230
Netra hita (useful for eye sight),

18
Netrdmaya (eye disease), 228
Netraruk (pain in eyes), 101
Nidra (excessive sleep), 21 1
Nikasa (a specific type of stone

used for testing the

genuineness of gold), 70
Nirjhara (spring), 223
Nitya abalatva (progressive

weakness),. 77

Ojas (vital fluid, the essence of
the seven categories of tissue
elements), 3, 50, 94, 125,
173, 241, 371, 372

Pacana (carminative), 4, 5, 25
(metabolic transformation),
416,417

Pakta (stimulant of digestion
and metabolism), 124

Pakva (boiled), 167

Pakvasaya (colon), 53

Pala (48 ml. approx.), 189, 398

Palita (premature graying of
hair), 5, 69

Pahali (water of small pond),
219

Palvala (small pond), 219

Pama (itching), 184, 207

Pana (drinking), 180

Pandu (anemia), 22, 36, 50, 54 T
55, 75, 76, 78, 82, 86, 95 r
126, 168, 192, 194, 200,
205, 206, 230, 413, 416„
424, 426
(yellowish), 262

Pandura (gray), 99

Panduta (anemia), 79

Pdndutva (anemia), 4

Pandvamaya (anemia), 159,164^

Parasaia (name of a sage), 24

Parijdtra (name of a moun-
tain), 226

Parindmaja siila (colic pain
which appears during the
process of digestion of
food), 80

Parisuska (dried), 371

Pdrsva pida (pain in the sides

of the chest), 86
ParSva ruk (pain in the sides of
the chest), 65, 68, 108, 230
Pdrsva sula (pain in the sides
of chest), 43, 227

Judex

€T7

.Parvati (consort of lord &va),

93
Pathya (wholesome), 50
JPatu (saline), 2

Pausa (December- January), 224
Pavana (purifier), 13
JPavitra (remover of sins), 71
J'halguna (February - March),

224
Phutkam (hissing sound), 84

(emitting sound), 213
Picchila (slimy), 3, 30
PTda (pain), 87
Pidaka (pimples), 29, 417
Pidai a (which causes pam),

353
Pilla (a type of eye disease),

55-56
J'inasa (chronic sinusitis), 32,

34

(chronic rhinitis), 74, 80,

246, 249, 273, 275, 290,

423

(chronic cold), 167, 190, 194

Pinda (solid form), 151

Pindi (bolus). 366

Pipdsa (morbid thirst), 22, 38,
231, 367, 419, 423

Pista (made to a paste), 371
(pastries), 395

Pistdnna (pastries), 395

Pitta (one of the three dosas.
This is responsible for all
the metabolic including
digestive functions of the
body and production of
heat & energy), 3-6, 8, 9
10, 15, 17-19, 20, 21, 22,
23, 24, 26, 30-4, 35, 38,

40-8 49, 50, 53, 54, 55-58,
59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65-7,
69, 73-75, 78, 80, 87, 88,
92, 94, 95, 102, 103, 104,
105, 106, 107, 108, 109,
110, 111, 122, 123, 125-28,
130, 131, 132, 137, 138,
142, 144, 146, 147, 148-50,
154, 155, 156, 157, 158,
159, 166, 169, 171, 172,
173, 174, 179, 181, 182,
183, 184, 185, 188, 193,
194, 195, 200, 204, 207 212,
214, 215, 216-220, 221 222,
225, 227, 229, 230, 232,
242, 243, 245, 246, 247,
248, 249, 250, 251, 252,
259, 262-65, 266-68, 269-
74, 275, 276, 277, 278,.
79, 286, 287, 289, 292,
295, 298, 299, 300, 301,
302, 303, 304, 305, 306,.
307, 308, 309, 310, 311,
313, 314, 315, 316, 317,
318, 319, 324, 326, 327,
328, 329, 330, 331, 332,
333, 334, 335, 336, 338,
339, 340, 341, 353, 354,
356, 357, 360, 367, 370-72,
377, 378, 379, 380, 381,
383, 384, 385, 386, 395,
398,411, 412, 418,420-24
425-26

Pitta jvara (fever caused by
pitta), 419

Pittdsra (a disease characteri-
sed by bleeding from
different parts of the body),
22

638

Materia Medicar

Pitrya (liked by Pitrs or dead

ancestors), 277
Piyusa (the milk of the cow

immediatly after delivery),

150, 152
Plihan (splenic disorder), 15, 58,

67, 79, 81, 85, 92, 94, 126,

133, 164, 168, 181, 205, 333
Plihd roga (splenic disorder),

27, 37
Prabhata (early morning), 147
Prdbhava (specific action), 2,

10, 11, 19, 26, 37
Pradara (menorrhagia and

other allied gynaecological

disorders), 24
Pradigdha (excessively burnt),

371
Pradosa (evening), 147
Prahladaniya (which gives com-
fort), 60
Prakledi (which produces

sticky matter), 126
Prameha (obstinate urinary

disorders including diabe-
tes), 15, 18, 27, 37, 56, 73,

76, 257
Praseka (salivation), 168, 227

(excessive salivation), 377,

398
Pratapta (heated), 371
Pratibha (intuition), 188
Pratisyaya (cold), 154, 227

(chronic rhinitis), 377

(rhinitis), 415
Pratiim(a variety of tuni in

which pain starts from

anus and moves to the

intestine), 378

Pumstva (virility), 5

Purana (which is preserved for

a long time), 132, 138, 299
Puranas (name of a group of

scriptures), 73
Putaga (having layers), 77

Rajayaksma (tuberculosis), 177"
Raksa (affliction by 'raksas')^

59
Raksas (evil spirits), 32, 101 r

in

Raksoghna (which cures afflic-
tions by evil spirits inclu-
ding germs), 138, 182

Rakta (blood), 24, 67, 166,
386

Raktamaya (diseases blood),
301

Rakta pitta (a disease charac-
terised by bleeding from-
different parts of the body),
18, 24, 35, 36, 39, 48, 49,.
55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 64, 66,
109, 110, 125, 130, 136,
137, 142 144, 168, 172,
173, 199, 231, 248, 252,
269, 272, 277, 279, 280,
287, 292, 299, 309, 311,.
313, 315, 316, 317, 319,
325, 334, 339, 340, 342,
352, 357, 365, 419, 422,
426

Stambhana (coagulation of"
blood), 50

Vikara (diseases caused by
the vitiation of blood), 76

Ranjana samskara (a type of "
processing of mercury), 9Q>

Index

639

Rasa (taste), 2 10, 19, 32, 69,

89, 90, 107, 408

(juice), 139

(essence), 141
Rasdyana (rejuvenation), 14, 26,

28, 30, 34
Rocana (appetiser), 34, 64
Roma harsa (horripilation),

156
Ropana (healing), 7, 74
Rucya (appetiser), 4, 5, 20
Rudra (Lord §iva), 72
Ruk (pain), 54, 81
Ruksa (unuctuous), 6, 18, 21,

28, 39

Sadala (which, in in pieces), 62
Sadya suddhi (immediately
after the purification thera-
py), 227
Sahya (name of a mountain),

226
Saithilya (slothfulness), 5
Sakti (specification), 2
Samgrdhi (constipative), 2 5
Samhanana (joining of tissues),

372
SamTrana (aggravated vayu), 33

(airy portion), 295
Samskdra (process), 90
Samsveda (excessive sweating),

59
Sandatva (impotency), 79
Sandhana (union of tissue ele-
ments), 368
Sandhanakrt (which helps in
uniting the broken or torn
tissues), 3
Sankha (temporal region), 68

Sannipdta (diseases caused by

the simultaneous vitiation

of all the three dosas), 99,

230, 270, 424
Santamka (the layer of cream

which is formed on the

surface when the milk is

boiled on low heat), 146
Saptarsis (seven sages), 70
Sara (cream), 161

(laxative), 14, 20

(mobile), 4

(purgative), 27
Saras (big pond), 223, 224
Sarkara (gravels in the urinary

tract), 88, 125, 378
Satmya (wholesome), 201
Sattva (essence), 83, 267, 268,

402, 404
Sdttvika (dominated by sattva

or pure qualities), 197
Saumya (cooling), 211
Seka (sprinkling), 1 80
Sikhara (pyramid), 8 1
Sikharakara (tapering in

shape), 80
Sirah pTdd (headache), 68
S~irah iiila (headache), 7, 414
Siras (head), 68
Siroroga (diseases of head),

226
Siroruk (headache), 81, 425
Sisira (later part of winter),

159, 223,235, 293
Sita (cold), 9

(cooling), 9, 20
STtaga visama jvai a (irregular
fever which is associated
with a feeling of cold), 1 54

640

Materia Madica

Sitaiasa 193, 194

Siva (Lord Siva), 72, 89

Slaksna (smooth) 28, 29

Slesman {kapha dosa), 4

£lipada (filanasis), 37, 226,
257

Snayu (tendons and liga-
ments), 87

Snehapana (oleation therapy),
227

Snigdha (unctuous), 3, 9

Sodhana (cleansing), 4, 91
(processing), 88
(which helps in cleansing),
421,

J§oma (one of the two princi-
ples responsible for cold), 9

Sonita pitta (a disease
characterised by bleeding
from different parts of the
body), 64, 304, 396

Sopha (oedema), 26 28, 30,
33, 37, 48, 64, 76, 79, 81,
86, 95, 107, 126, 143,
150, 168, 189, 191, 194,
204, 205, 206, 426

Sosa (consumption), 47, 48, 51,
173, 263, 268, 396, 412
(phthisis), 71
(dryness^, 353

£asana (depletion), 6
(dryness), 5
(drying), 7, 55, 245, 353

Sotha (oedema), 4, 15, 20, 29,
43,44, 49, 51, 55, 56, 57,
58, 62, 65, 68, 69, 136,
164, 174, 175, 206, 250,
273, 328

Spharangi (dazzling), 77

Sphota , (pustular eruptions),

101
Srama (physical fatigue), 1 72,

227, 299, 333, 362, 381-82

(exhaustion), 7
Sramsana (laxative) 29, 66
Sravana (ears), 68
Sravaria (July-August), 224
Srotorodha (obstruction to the

channels of circulation), 168
Srsta mala (which eliminates

waste products), 122
Srta sila (cooled after boiling),

230
Stabdha (compact), 77
Stambha (rigidity), 36

(power of retention), 189,

191

(constipative), 8

(which causes retention),

353, 414
Stana roga (diseases of the

breast), 421
Stanya (lactation), 3,5

(galactogogue), 47
Sthairya (steadiness), 246
Sthairya kara (producing

steadiness), 143
Sthaulya (adiposity), 5, 232

(obesity), 3, 138
Sthavara (those who do not

move, like vegetable king-
dom, stone etc.), 97
Sthira (stable), 214

(which produces stability),

370
Stimita kosfha (absence of

peristaltic movement in the

intestine), 227

Jndex\

641

Sudra (one of the four castes),

"84, 89, 99
Sudurgandha (foul smell), 79
Sukra (semen), 4, 416
iukra dosa (vitiation of

semen), 426
Sukrala (spermatopoetic), 39,

46,47
Sukra meha (spermaturia), 426
Sukrasmari (stone in the semi-
nal tract), 249

Suksma (subtle), 30, 78, 122,

123
.Sukumara (fender), 139
£ula (colic pain), 15, 23, 25, 35,
37, 39, 44, 45, 63, 64, 74,
76, 78, 79, 81, 101, 124,
125, 150, 168, 181, 190,
202, 204, 205, 206, 230,
305, 306, 356, 378, 379,
416, 418, 421
Suska kasa (dry cough), 273
Susruta (the author of an
ayurvedic classic— Sus'ruta
samhita), 165, 176, 247,
410, 420

Suvarnaghna (which reduces
gold into bhasma form), 88

Svadu (sweet), 1 55

paka (sweet in vipakd), 14

Svadvamla (both sweet & sour
in taste), 155, 156

Svapna (sleep), 210

JSvarya (promoter of good
voice), 28, 30

£vasa (asthma), 3, 15, 33, 34,
37, 43, 45, 46, 51, 61, 63
65, 66, 68, 75, 80, 95, 108,

126, 136, 150, 157, 167,
173, 175, 181, 194,205,207,
227, 229, 246, 249, 261, 267,
268,271,279,305,306,308,
309, 312, 313, 372,~ 377,
378, 398,' 415; 425

Svasand (asthma), 268 ,

Svayathu (oedema), 228

Sveda (excessive sweating), 55,
60, 63, 65, 74

Sveda daurgandhya (foul smell
because of excessive sweat-
ing), 59

Sveta dvfpa (name of a mytho-
logical island), 93

Svitra (leucoderma), 76, 101,
102, 107, 137, 168, 204

Talu (palate), 68
Tamaka (asthma), 227
Tamasika (caused by one of

the three attributes of mind

i.e. tamas), 197

Tandra (drowsiness), 210, 211,
314

Tandri (drowsiness), 68
Tdpa (excessive heat), 73

(burning sensation), 94
Tarpana (refreshing), 300
Tejas (semen), 89

(power), 97
TTksna (sharp), 9

(sharpness), 98
Tikta (bitter), 2, 30, 188
Timira (cataract), 4, 1 75
Trotanaksama (difficult to

break), 77
Tripura (name of a demon), 72
Trptikara (which causes satis-
faction), 384

642

Materia Medico-

Tr?d (morbid thirst), 7, 66,
107, 168, 211, 230, 302,
303, 313, 359, 381

Trsna (morbid thirst), 25, 103,
133, 158, 162, 191, 217,
219,230,305,309,312,315,
318, 333, 360, 365, 372,
420

Trt (morbid thirst), 4, 5, 6, 18,
23, 41, 42, 59, 63, 64, 65,
67,133,231,299, 365,367

Turn (a diseases characterised
by acute pain in intestine,
amis and phallus), 378

Tvagamaya (diseases of skin),
38, 67, 423

Tvagdosa (skin diseases), 24,
55, 56, 60, 65

Tvak roga (ordinary skin
diseases), 426

Tvak sosa (emaciation or dry-
ness of skin), 48

XJdara (obstinate abdominal
diseases including ascitis),
15, 26, 27, 28, 37, 40, 56,
58, 64, 74, 81, 85, 86, 95,
160, 168, 194, 204, 205,
206, 207, 228, 230, 328

Udavarta (upward movement
of wind in abdomen), 21
(tymphanitis), 181
(flatulence), 201, 367

Udgdra (eructation), 125

Ulka (meteor), 72

Una (devoid), 32

Unmada (insanity), 71 , 95, 102,
173, 175,207, 263

Upadhija (artificial), 91

Urah ksata (phthisis), 339, 398
Ural?, sandhana (which heals

the wound in the chest), 150
Urdhvaga rdkta pitta (bleeding

through various orifices in

the head), 227
Urdhva svasa (dyspnoea), 412
Urustambha (which produces-

immobility of thigh), 246
Usmd (excessive hot feeling),.

227
Usna (hot), 9 20, 188
Usna virya (hot in potency 30
Utkledana (stickiness), 79

(production of stickiness in*.

the body), 74
Utklesa (nausea), 6
Utplusta (burnt), 371

Vddhirya (deafness), 257
Vagbhata (name of the author

of one of the ayurvedic

classics), 185
VahiJy. sita (cooling from

outside), 4
Vahni (heat), 214
Vahni dosa (one type of im-
purity in mercury), 91
Vaisakha (April-May), 224
Vaisvarya (hoarseness of voice),.

15

(impairment of voice), 66
Vaisya (one of the four castes),

89, 99
Vajra (thunder), 82, 83, 84
Vajrl (Indra), 82
Vail (premature wrinkling),.

5, 69
Valkala (outer layer), 55

Index

64?

Fowi (vomiting), 37, 108, 227,
413

Vanga dosa (a type of impu-
rity in mercury), 91

Vanti (vomiting), 52, 74

Vara lekhana (exceedingly de-
pleting), 71

Varcograha (retention of
stool), 206

Varna (complexion), 52

Varnya (promoter of comple-
xion), 28, 69, 103

Vasa (muscle fat), 6, 185, 186,
386

Vasti (urinary bladder), 127
(enema), 180

Vasti ruk (pain in bladder), 86

Vastra (cloth), 234

Vasuki (name of the serpent
god), 75

Vata (one of the three dosas.
It is responsible for all
movements & sensations in
the body), 9, 10, 18, 19,
21, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34,
35, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43
44, 45, 48, 52, 53, 55, 56,
58, 61, 66, 73, 87, 94, 101,
107, 122, 123, 131, 143, 146,
155, 160, 164, 182, 184,
185, 214, 245, 246, 252,
267, 269, 324, 332, 333,
335, 336, 379

Vata (flatus), 246

Vatakrt (aggravator of vata),
21

Vdtdmaya (disease caused by
the vitiation of vdyu), 65

Vata rakta (gout), 52, 67

Vdtdsra (gout), 30, 55

Vdtdsrk (gout), 21, 181

Vayasya (promoter of longe-
vity), 78

Vdyu (one of the three dosas v
It is responsible for all
movements & sensations in
the body), 3-10, 15, 17,19,
22, 24-6, 29, 34, 35,
36-38, 40, 41, 43, 44,
45, 46, 47, 50, 51, 55-7,
59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 67, 76,
78, 80, 95, 99, 101, 104
105, 106, 109, 110,
123, 125, 126, 127-29,

130,

132, 137,

142,

143,

144,

146-50,. 152, 155,

157,

158,

160, 162,

166,

169,

171,

173, 174, 180, 181-84,

189,

190, 191,

192,

193,

194,

195, 196,

200,

201,

202,

204, 205,

206,

207,

212,

214, 215, 216-20,

221,

227,

229, 230,

242,

246,

247,

248, 249,

250,

251,

252,

259, 260, 262-64,

265,

266,

268, 269,

271,

272,

273,

274, 275,

276,

277,

279,

280, 286,

287,

288,

289,

290, 292,

293,

295,

298,

299, 300,

301,

302,

303,

304, 305,

306,

307,

308,

310, 312,

313,

314,

315,

316, 317,

318,

319,

324-

26, 327, 328

,329,

330,

331,

332, 333,

334,

336,

338,

339, 340,

341,

342,

352,

356, 357,

359,

360,

366,

267, 368,

372,

373,

■-644

Materia Medica

377, 378, 379, 380, 381,
383, 384, 385, 386, 387,
395, 398, 410-12, 414, 417-
24, 425, 427

Vedhana (a specific method of
• processing of gold), 70

Vibandha (constipation), 4, 15,
33, 35, 37, 63, 123, 125,
194, 202, 306, 356, 379

Vidaha (burning sensation), 74

~Viddhin (burning sensation),
43,148, 181

Vidaraija (which causes per-
foration), 124

Vidhamana (stimulation), 162

Vidradhi (abscess), 43, 77, 227

Vigrahavdn (in a corporeal
form), 97

Vijaya (victory), 13

yindhya (name of a mountain),
226

.Vipadikd (cracking of the sole
ofthefeet) 3 59, 63

JVipaka (taste that emerges after
digestion), 2, 10, 18, 20, 28,
30, 33, 34. 35, 36, 38, 40,
42, 56,61,62,67, 107, 109,
110 123, 128, 137, 138,
154, 157, 160, 161, 174,
180, 181, 184, 188, 194,
199, 218, 220, 241, 247,
249, 251, 252, 253, 259,
261, 263, 267, 272, 273,
277, 278, 288, 290, 293,
303,307,311,314,317,318,
324,326,328,331,334,337,
340, 341, 342, 386, 408

Vipra (brahmin caste), 84, 99

iVirasa (not tasteful), 196

Vlrya (potency), 2, 9, 19, 233,
408

Visa (poisoning), 6, 22, 23, 27,
43, 47, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57,
59, 61, 62, 65, 71, 85, 86,
87, 88, 104. 105, 106, 107,
108, 109, 111, 133, 136,
138, 174, 175, 204, 205,
225, 227, 230, 280, 299,
306, 324, 325, 331, 332,
342, 353, 365, 380, 395,
414, 415

(poison), 69, 91, 97, 98,
99, 101, 102, 103, 417,
419, 421, 423, 426, 427

Visada (sorrow), 97

Visada (non-slimy), 28, 30, 51,
78, 100, 125, 196, 214, 217,
220, 250, 287, 304, 307,
317,341, 361

Visa dosa (poisoning), 52, 91

Visamajvara (malarial fever),
15,20, 48,88

(irregular fever), 150, 168,
192,271,301,422

Visarpa (erysipelas), 4, 5, 22
49, 54, 55. 59, 63, 65, 69,
103, 159, 280

Viskira (meat of gallina-
cious birds), 257, 261, 269

Visosana (excessively drying), 55

Visphota (postules), 9, 67

(pustular eruptions), 53, 60,
103, 184

Visphulinga (fire particles), 82

Visra (foul smelling), 225

Vistambha (impairment of the
peristaltic movement of the
colon), 123

Index

645"

Vistambhi (flatulence), 158

Visucika (cholera), 177

Visuddhi (elimination therapy),
206

Vit (one of tV e four castes), 84

Vradhna (inguinal lymphadeni-
tis), 26

Vrana (ulcer), 15, 20, 22, 30,
36, 45, 48, 52, 53, 54, 55,
56, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 69,
85, 87, 101, 104, 105, 181,
184, 228

Vrana sodhana (cleansing of
ulcers), 102

Vranya (useful in the treatment
of ulcers), 60

Vfddha Susruta (name of a
sage), 224

Vrsya (aphrodisiac), 29-31, 33-5

Vrtra (name of a demon), 82

Vyavayi (a substance whose
digestion and metabolism

take place after it has per-
vaded all over the body),
123, 179

Yakrt (diseases of liver), 58, 67"
Yaksma (tuberculosis), 280
Yogavahin (which enhances the
efficacy of other drugs
when mixed), 90, 95, 99,
138
Yoni (female genital tract), 175
Yoni dosa (diseases of the-
female genital tract), 58,.
69, 174, 444
Yoni siila (pain in female geni-
tal tract), 107
Yonyarti (pain in female geni-
tal tract), 54
Yuka (lice), 32

Yusa (soup), 377, 379, 380^
381, 387, 394, 395, 402

INDEX II

(Drugs & Diet described in this Text)

Abalguja, 439

Abhaya, 423

Abhisyanda, 384

AbhraQca) (mica), 82-6, 531

sattva of, 402
Adagake, 262.
Adhaki (Cajanus cajan

Millsp.), 249
Adya puspaka, 437
Agaru, 444
Agastya (Sesbania grandiflora

Pers.), 110, 551
Agnika, 428

Agnimantha, 413-14, 425, 444
Aguru (Aquilaria agallocha

Roxb.), 61, 182, 417, 431,

437
Ahastim, 336
Ahirhsra (Capparis sepiaria

Linn.), 51,403
Airavata, 304
Aja gandha, 421, 428, 500
Aja gandhz, 484
AjajT, 416

Aja karna, 413, 547
Ajamoda (a), 416, 421, 499
Aja srngi, 413
Jkhu, 408
Aksa, 260, 439
Aksika, 194-95
Aksota, 570
JT/a, 430

,4/<5£w, 438

nalika, 333
.4/a/-&a, 443-44, 415
Alavana, 415

Aluka (dioscorea sp.), 340
Amala, 442

Amalaka(i), (Emblica offi-
cinalis Gaertn.), 18-19, 159,

161, 318, 422, 423, 439,

451
Amaya, 439
Amlaka, 1 56
Amla vetasa (Garcinia pedun-

culata Roxb.), 303, 403,

439, 575
Amlika (Tamarindus indica

Linn.), 304, 441, 577

kanda, 341
Antra (mango), 299-302, 441,

555

bija, 302
Amrataka (hog plum), 302-3,

439, 579
Amravarta, 302
Amrta (Tinospora cordifolia

Miers.), 67, 431, 568
Ananta {Cryptolepis buchanani

Schult.), 48
Anjana, 419
Anjira, 570
Aiikola, 463
Ankura, 328

.Index

647

Anna, 361

Anupdna, 394-98

Anu yava, 246

Ap, 421

Apamdrga (Achyranthes aspera

Linn ), 57, 432, 460
Aphuikd) (Papaver somniferum

Linn.), 55, 491
Aragvadha, 412, 442, 462
Ardma sitald, 486
Aranala, 201
Arani, 452
Ardraka {Zingiber officinale

Rose), 35-6, 496
.yfrevato, 424
Arghya, 137
Arista (Sapindus trifoliatus

Linn.), 56,189, 195, 442
Aristaka, 550
yir/afoz, 415, 443
Arjuna, 413, 543
../ir/ca (Calotropis gigantea

R. Br. ex Ait.), 27-8, 415,

429, 442-44, 487
Arka par ni, 402
Arka puspT, 481
Artagala, 413, 444, 543
Zra, 565, 570
Aruka, (Prunus domestica

Linn ), 310, 334
Aruskara (Semecarpus anacar-

dium Linn, f.), 28, 406
Asana (Pterocarpus marsupium

Roxb.), 57,111, 328, 413
Asava, 189, 195
Asma bhedaka 414, 444
Asmanta, 466
Asoka, 414
Asphota, (Vallaris solanacea

O. Ktze.), 57

^Jto vtfr^fl, 47-48, 433-35, 457
Asthi samhdra (Cissus quadra-

ngulans Linn.), 50, 487, 597
Asva (horse), 275, 431
Asva gandhd (Withania somni-

fera Dunal), 46, 406, 432,

442, 468
Aha karna, 413, 432
Asva mdra, 424
Ajvattha, 68, 337, 541
Atarusaka, 329
Atasi (Linum usitatissimum

Linn.), 251,427
Aiibala, 444,. 470
Ativisa (Aconitum heterophyl-

lum Wall.), 25, 407, 420,

423, 443, 477
Atmaguptd {Mucuna pruriens

DC), 250-51, 431
Atyamla, 156
Audbhida lavana, 503
Auddalika, 138
Avalehikd, 366
Avalguja (Psoralea corylifolia

Linn.), 56
AvartakT (Helicteres isora

Linn.), 53

Babbula, 546

Babhru, 260

Badama, 568

Badara, 299, 310, 439, 444,

560,
Bagull 265
Bakula (Mimusops elengi

Linn.), 107, 406
Bald (Sida cordifolia Linn ),

46, 438, 444, 469
Bald, 512
Bandhu jivaka, 442

648

Materia Medica •

Barhf (peacock), 277

Baskayim, 144

Bhadra daru, 417, 431, 444

Bhaksa, 438

Bhaksya, 382

paistika, 385

varieties of, 386-87

virudhaka, 385
Bhalldtaka, 403, 481
Bhalluka, 414
Bhangd {Cannabis sativa Linn.),

42, 489
Bhdrgi (Clerodendrum serratum

Moon), 51, 415-16, 420,

444, 472
Bhamgi, 401
Bhavya, 439
Bhiruka, 129
Bhramara, 137
Bhrnga raja, 476
Bhu chatra 598
Bhu dhatrl (Phyllanthus niruri

Linn.), 22
5A« kanda, 341
Bhumyamalaki, 451
B/im nimba (Swertia chirata

Buch.-Ham.), 22
Bhurja, 413, 5^6
5/zu sfrna (Cymbopogon martini

Wats.), 41,415
BibhitakT (Terminalia belerica
Roxb.), 18
Bijapuraka, 318, 573
Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.),

25,44, 327, 413, 425,452
Bimba, 440
Bimbl {Coccinia indica

W. & A.), 308, 413, 442-43,

590

Bola, 535

Bandhu jiva, 523

Brahma (Butea monosperma

Kuntze), 111
Brdhmi (Bacopa monnieri Pen-

nell), 53, 482
Brhad bdka, 264
Brhati {Solarium indicurrv

Linn), 45, 330, 412-13,.

420, 424, 430, 440
Brhat kantqjcdri, 455

Cakora, 261

Cakra marda, 475

Cakranga, 276

Cakra vaka, 279

Campaka {Michelia champacw

Linn), 106, 435, 442
Canaka (Cicer arietinurm

Linn.), 248
Canakamla, 407, 439
Canaka teka, 594
Cap^a, 417, 439
Candana, 59-60, 413, 418, 431 s .

437, 444, 508

ra&ta (Pterocarpus santali-

nns Linn, f.), 59

sveta (Santalum album

Linn ), 59
Candra kdnta, 536
Cangeri (Oxahs corniculata-

Linn.), 327, 439, 595
Car a, All

Carmakaraluka, 406
Caru karira, 280
Oz/a&a (tree sparow), 270, 273'
Caturjata, 511
Caturjdtaka, d-36
Caturusana, 497
Cauhdri yavani, 50O»

Index

649

Cavika {Piper chaba Hunter),

39, 403
Cavya, 416, 427, 497
Cerapoti, 481
Chagalantri, 442
Chaga payas (goat's milk), 142
Chaga srngi, 425
Chatra, 137
Chichikd, 41
ChikkinT, 484
Chinna ruhd, 418
Ciccinda, 593
Cili {Chenopodium album

Linn.), 324
CiJIf, 592
Cinaka, 331
Ci«tt7,439

0/\2 Mva, 328, 428
Cirbhatt, 588
Citraka {Plumbago zeylanica

Linn.), 26, 161, 328, 401,

412-13, 416, 423, 427-28,

442, 498
Coca, All
Coraka, 417, 514
Cukra, 403
Cumbaka pdsdna, 538

Dadhi, 154, 159, 165-66,602
A/a (curd of goat's milk),
157

asara, 158

austrika (curd of camel's
milk), 160

avika (curd of sheep milk),
160

kwcika, 152
galita* 158

gavya (curd of cow's milk)
157

mdhisa (curd of buffalo's
milk), 157

naga (curd of elephant's

milk), 161

nari (curd of woman's
milk, 160

pupaka, 615

vadava (curd of mare's

milk), 160
Dadhittha, 439
Dadhyamla, 380, 439
Daditna (pomegranate), 298.

406, 419, 437, 439, 560
Dadimamla, 380
Dahana, 441
Dahdbhava, 138
Darnana, 108, 524
.Aante iaf/ja, 504
Danti {Baliospermum monta-

num Muell.— Arg.),26, 401,

428, 440, 442, 461
Darbha, 413, 426, 490
Daru haridra, 417, 475

Darvi {Berberis aristata DC).

56
Daia mula, 67-68, 425, 455
Deva dali, 443, 478
Deva daru, 470
Deva vallabha, 107
Dhamdrgava, 442
Dhana, 368, 621
Dhdnolamba, 367
Dhanvana, 547
Dhanvayasa. 401
Dhanya (corns and cereals),

348, 350
Dhanyaka {Coriandrum sativum

Linn.), 41-42, 420, 501

650

Materia Medica

Dhanyamla, 201-202, 380, 439

Dhara sit a, 145

Dharosna, 145

Dhataki {Woodfordia fruticosa

Kurz), 57, 110,473
Dhattura, 444, 488
Dhatu, 69-82
Dhava, 413, 416, 547
Dhuttura (Datura stramonium

Linn.), 52
Dhydmaka, 417
Dindisa, 331
Dindisa, 591
Dirgha patrd, 129
Dirgha pora, 129
Dzvya, 350
Drafoc, 309-10, 406, 419, 437-

38, 554-55
Dravanti, 440, 442
Drekkd, 416
Drona puspi, 482
Drona puspika {Leucas cephalo-

tes Spreng.), 51
Dugdha, 602

bhaksya, 612
DMgtf/u, 48 1
Dugdhika {Euphorbia ihymi-

folia Linn.), 51
Duraldbha, 401
Durvd (Cynodon dactylon Pers.)

55, 489

Ekdngi, 515

Ekasapha payas (mares milk),

143
i?/a (Amomum subulatum

Roxb.), 63, 417, 420-21,

428, 436
£/o va/w&a, 414, 509

Ena (black buck), 267
Eranda (Ricinus communis

Linn.), 45, 412, 442, 444,

459
Ervaru, 331-32, 438
Ervaruka (Cucumis utihssimus

Roxb.), 333

Gairika (red ochre). 100, 532
Gaja (elephant), 276
Gajapippali {Scindapsus offici-
nalis Schott), 39, 403, 498
Gambhari, 453

Gana, Amalakyadi, 423
Anjanadi, 419
Arkadi, 415
Brhatyadi, 420
Darana, 428
Eladi, 417
Guducyddi, 420
Handrddi, 417
JivanTya, 459
Kadambadi, 426
Kakolyadi, 432
Karanjddi, 426
Krsnadi, 416
Ldksadi, 424
Muskakadi, 416
Mustadi, 421
Pacana, 427
Pariisakadi, 419
Prapidana, 428
Rodhradi, 414
Sdlasdradi, 413
Sdrivddi, 418
Surasddi, 415
Trapvadi, 423
Usakadi, 418
Utpaladi, 421

Index

651

Vacadi, 417

Varunadi, 413-14

Vatsakadi, 421

Vidarigandhadi, 412
Ganda, 263
Ganda durva, 489
Gandha, 431

Gandhaka (sulphur), 93, 531
Gandha priyangu (Callicarpa

macrophylla Vahl), 64
Gandira, 328
Gdngeruka, 572
Garutman, 96
Gauda, 262
Gauda pdsana, 538
Gaurai, 262
Gaura sastika (a variety of

Oryza sativa Linn.), 241
Gavddani, 48
Gavaksi, 428, 442
Ghana, 150
Ghantola, 280
Ghee, 173-77

of buffalo milk, 173

of camel milk, 174

of cow milk, 173

of elephant's milk, 174

of goat's milk, 1 73

of mare's milk, 174

of sheep milk, 174

of woman's milk, 175
Ghola, 165

bhakta, 362
Ghrta, 349, 603

manda, 176

pakva bhaksya, 612

pura, 383, 613
Gilodya, 438
Giri karni(kd), (CHtoria terna-

tea Linn.), 51, 443, 485

Go (cow), 275

Godhd, (inguand), 279

Godhuma, (Triticum aestivum

Linn.), 201, 246, 253, 428,
438

bhaksya, 611
Gojihvakd (Launaea aspleni-

folia Hook f.), 326
Goksura, 424, 438, 454
Gomeda, 96, 536
Gopa, 440
Ghonta, 412
Gorocana (ox bile), 102-3,

516
Granihika, 416
Granthiparna(i), 404, 515
(Mra, 428

nakhi, 426
Grisma sundara, 335
Grnjana, 595, 597
Grnjanaka (Daucus carota

Linn.), 35
Guda (molasses), 131-32, 158,

167, 407, 427, 442

bhaksya, 383

yukta, 611
Guduci, 329, 412-13, 420, 452
Guggulu {Commiphora mukul

Engl.), 28-31, 417-18, 515
Gundrd (Typha elephantina

Roxb.), 48, 414, 444
Gunja, (Abrus precatorious

Linn.), 51, 52, 483

Hadahd, 260

Halini (Gloriosa superba Linn.),

52
Hamsa, 279, 408
Harhsa pddl (Adiantum lunu-

latum Burm.), 54, 412, 478

652

Materia Medica

Hapusa (Juniperus communis

Linn.), 64, 501
Harenu (Pisum arvene Linn.),

248, 428

Harenukd, 417

Haridra 417, 424, 429, 431,

435, 440 444, 475, 549
Harina (red deer), 267
Harita, 262, 271-72
Harila, 262
Harimantha, 326
Harita, 262
Haritaki, (Terminalia chebula

Retz.), 12-18, 422, 442,450-

51
Haritala (yellow arsenic), 87,

428, 532
Hasti danti (Trichosanthes brac-

teata Voigt.), 26
Hasti karkotika, 330-31
Hasti karna, 445
Hasti mada, 102
Hasti payas, (elephant's milk),

143
Haya maraka, 428
Hayamgavma, 176
Hemakva (Argemone mexicana

Linn.), 27, 443
Hema maksika, 404
Hemantamla, 407
Hilamocika (Enhydra fluctuans

Lour.), 335
Hingu {Ferula foetida Regel.),

40, 418, 421, 443, 502
Hingula (cinnabar), 92-93, 533
Hingu patri,, 502
Hira, 536
Holaka, 622
Hribera (Coleus vettiveroides

K.C Jacob.), 25, 444

Iksu (sugar cane), 128-29, 604

Iksura, 440

Iksu rasa (sugar cane juice),

128
Iksvaku, 442
Indari, 618
Jndivara, 414
Indra nila, 69
Indra puspf, 415
Indra varum, 442-43
Indra yava, 412, 465
Ihgudi, 443, 445, 548

Jagala, 190-91

Jala, 602

Jala pippali (Lippia nodiflora

Mich.), 39
Jala vetasa, 544
Jambava, 195
Jambira (Citrus limon

Burm. f.), 42, 305, 439
Jambiraka, 575
Jambu (jamun fruit), 307, 441,

556
Jap a, 417, 523
Jata mdmsT, 512
Jati (Jasminium grandiflorum

Linn.), 104, 405, 429, 520
Jati kosa, 62

patri, 509

phala (Myrstica fragrans

Houtt), 61, 437, 509
Jaya (Sesbania sesban Merr.),

110,438
Jayanti (Sesbania sesban

Merr.), 52
Jaya pala (Croton tiglium

Linn.), 26, 461
Jhinfa, 441
Jimuta, 417

Index

653

Jimiitaka, 442

Jingini (Lannea grandis Engl.),

45-46
Jingini, 402, 414, 547
Jira (krsna), 499
Jiraka {Cuminum cyminum

Linn.), 40, 421
Jiraka (svetd), 499
Jivaka, 47, 406, 412, 418, 433,

457
Jivantaka, 591
Jivanti (Leptadenia reticulata

W. & A.), 323, 418, 441,

457
Jyotismati (Celastrus panicula-

tus Willd.), 53, 442-43, 470

Kaca, 101, 538

Kaca lavana, 504

Kacchapa (tortoise), 276

Kacchura, 444

Kadali {Mitsa paradisiaca

Linn.), 310,414, 438, 444,

559

kanda t 340
Kadamba (whistling teal), 279
Kadamba {Anthocephalus cada-

mba Miq.), 107-8, 414,

426, 543
Kadambaka, 276
Kadambari, 190-91
Kadara {Acacia suma Buch.

Ham.), 57, 413
Kakadani, 445
•Kaka jangha {Peristrophe bica-

lyculata Nees.), 325, 477
Kaka mdci {Solatium nigrum

Linn.), 325, 415, 477
Kakdnda, 250-51

Kakaru, 332

Kakkola, 405

Kakoli, 47, 406, 418, 433, 456

Kala, 413

Kalaka, 438, 444

Kalama, 242

Kalambuka {Ipomoea reptans
Poir.), 335

Kalambusd, 441

Kaldnusari, 431

i&z/a iafoj {Corchorus capsula-
rs Linn ), 328, 592

Kalasi, 417 '

Kalaya {Lathyrus sativus Linn.),
326
teka, 594

Kdleyaka, 444

Kalhara, 406, 421, 444. 519

KaliharT, 488

Kdlinga, 331, 587

Kdliyaka, 413

jO/<z ma/a, 415

Kamala {Nelumbo nucifera

Gaertn.), 103

kesara, 519
Kdmbalika, 379
Kamcata, 327
Kamkola, 510
Kamkustha, 465
Kampilldka, 442, 461
Kdmsya (brass), 78, 530
Kanaka phala, 442
Kdncanara, 446
Kdncani, 489
Kdndeksu, 130, 426
Kdnjika, 200, 202, 439
Kanka, 428
Kankola {Piper cubeba Linn.

f.), 61,437

654

Materia Medica

Kantakdri(ka) (Solarium xan-
thocarpum Schrad. & Wen-
die.), 45, 401, 412. 420

Kanfaki, 412

Kanta lauha, 402

Kantara, 129

Kantareksu, 129

Kapala, 432

Kapardikd, 537

Kapi kacchu, 438, 480

Kapinjala, 261

Kapittha (wood apple), 161,
307, 579

Kapittha patri, 579

Kapota (dove), 272, 277-78,
428

Kapota yanks, , 414

KaraharT, 548

Kara marda, 578

Kara mardaka(Carissa carandus
Liim.), 303

Karanja (Pongamia pinna ta
Merr.), 56, 412, 415, 426,
442-43, 549-50

Karavellaka (Momordica

charantia Linn.), 330, 590

KaravelliQca), 440, 443

Karavi (Carum carvi Linn.),

40, 440
Karavira, 52, 428, 440, 443,

488
Karbudara (Bauhinia purpurea

Linn.), 109, 442
Karciira, A31, 444, 515
Kardit&ksa, 264
Karikana, 402
KariraQca), 310, 440, 595
Karkandhu, 299, 310
Karkata fyngf, 418, 471

Karkati(ka), 438, 588

Karkotaka, 590

Karkoti(ka), 330, 331, 440

Karma ranga, 577

Karpasa, 486

Karpasi, 444

Karpura (Cinnamomum cam-

phora Nees & Eberm.), 62,

404, 405, 435, 437, 507
Karuna, 104, 305, 439
Kasa, 414, 426, 489
Kasa mardafjcd) (Cassia occi-

dentalis Linn ), 324-25, 415,

595

Kaseru(ka), 438, 599
Kasis(s)a (iron sulphate), 101,

418, 428-30, 432, 533,
Kasman(yd) (Gmelina arborea

Linn), 44, 310, 406, 425,
438,

phala, 418
Kas}ha patala, 453
Kastheksu, 129
Kasthodumbara, 542
Kasturl (musk), 60, 405, 437,

440, 507
Kafabhi, 440
Kataka, 438, 441

p/ia/a, 419
Kathara, 261
XatfWzf, 403
Katphala (Myrica nagi Thunb.),

63, 414-15, 419, 424, 472

Kattrna (Cymbopogon citratus
Stapf.), 61

Katukd (i) (Picrorhiza kurroa

Royle ex Benth.), 21, 421,
463

Kafu rohini, 429

Katu tumbl, 332. 588

Index

655

KauntJ (Vitex agnus-castus

Linn.), 58
Kara maidaka, 426
Kayamba, 265
Keld, 569
Kesara, 306, 419
Ketaka{i) {Pandanus tectorius

Soknd. ex Parkinson), 106,

111,521
Kevuka, 331
Keyu, 598
Khada, 379

Khadira {Acacia catechu
Willd.), 22, 413, 545
Khanda (sugar candy), 132,

204, 407

Khanddmalaka, 607

Khandamra, 607

Kha prasuta, 439

Khar&hvd {Apium graveolens

Linn.)., 41
Khar a puspa, 415
Kharbuja, 567
Kharjura (Phoenix sylvestris

Roxb.), 311, 342,437
Kharjuraka, 438
Kharjuri {Phoenix dactylifer

Linn.), 311
Kharjurikd, 558
Khar par a (zinc ore), 88
Khasa khasa, 490
Khasa tila, 55
Khatiks, 538
Khukhundaka, 338
Khurasani yavani, 490
jKi/^a, 152
Kimkini, 564
Kimsuka (Butea monosperma

Kuntze), 56, 432

Kinihi, 442-43
Xwva, 427, 430
Kinmka, 190-91
Kirata, 412
-Kimta rtfcta, 329, 464
Kiska, 432

isWa, 428

Kodrava, 201

Kokanda, 444

Kokildksa {Astercantha longi-

folia Nees), 52, 485
Kola (Zizyphus jujuba Lam ),

299,318,439,444
Kola simbi, 591
■Rjona dusa {Paspalum scorbi-

culatum Linn.), 245
Kosa kara, 103
Kosa krt, 129
Kos&mra (Schleichera oleosa

Men.), 304, 318, 439, 581
Kosa phala, 440
Kosataki (Luffa acutangula

Roxb.), 53, 430, 443, 589
Kovidara (Bauhinia variegata

Linn ), 109, 442
Krakara, 261
Kramuka, 413
Krsna, 416, 423
Krsna gandhd (a variety of

«grw) 3 43
Krsnaguru, 508
Krsna karkata (black crab),

27;>
•Kwrta loha, 423
-Krta vedhana, 442
Ksara, 401, 505
Ksaudra, 136
Ksavaka, 415, 426
jdfra, 349
.Ksihz kdkoli, 418, 456

656

Materia Medlca

Ksira morata, 438
KsTra palandu, 596
KsTra par pat j, 385
Ksira phena, 150
KsTra slka, 152
Ksi{i)ri, 308, 562, 606
Ksirl vfksas, 431
Ksudra sahd, 412
Ksudra varsabhu, 468
Ksudra sveta, 415
KuberaksT, 444

Kubjaka {Rosa moschata
Herrm), 105

Kucandana, 413, 418, 444
Kukkurunda, 53
' Kukkuta (cock), 271
Kukkuta mastaka, 402
Kukkutanda, 432
Kulahala {Blumea balsamifeia

DC), 52,415
Kulattha {Dolichos biflorus

Linn.), 249, 444

vfl/rya, 249
Kulmdsa, 387, 619
Kumari {Aloe barbadensis

Mill.), 67, 440, 488
Kumbha sarpi, 177
Kumkuma {Crocus sativus

Linn.), 60, 417, 437, 509
Kumuda {Nymphaea alba

Linn.), 103, 109, 421

fa»t<&, 341
Kunda, 523
Kundalika, 618-19
Kunduru{ka), 417, 515
Kurantaka, All
Kurantika, 414
Kuruvinda, 432
-RTwia, 414, 426

Kusmanda {Cururbita pepo

Linn), 331-32, 438, 587
Kusmandaka, 331
Kusmanda nadi, 333
Kustha {Saussurea lappa C.B.

Clarke), 61, 402, 403, 417,

435, 444, 471
Kusumbha {Carthamus inctorius

Linn.), 251, 336
Ku\aja {Holarrhena antidysen-

tetica Wall.), 23-24, 412,

417, 424, 442, 465

p/za/a, 420
Kufannafa, 414
Kutheraka, 524-25

Laghu badara, 561

Laghu kantakari, 455

Laghu samkha, 101, 537

La/a, 367, 621

Lajjalu {Mimosa pudica Linn.),

58, 479
LaArra (Lac), 49, 424, 443, 517
Laksmana, 403, 487
Lakuca (monkey fruit), 303,

439, 566
Lamajjaka, 445
Langala, 428
Langalaki, 445
Langalf, 402, 439
Lapsika, 616
Lasuna, 443, 596
Z.<2/<2 kastHrikd {Hibiscus abel-

moschus Linn.), 63
Lau/za, 404, 513
Lava (common quail), 269
Lavaka (common quail), 279
Lavall, 582
Lavana, 349, 443

Index

657

Lavanga (Syzygium aromaticum

Merr. & L.M.), 63, 405,

437, 439, 510
Lingi, 442
Lodhra (Symplocos cratae-

goides Buch -Ham.). 49,

431-32, 442, 478

savara {Symplocos race-

mosa Roxb ), 49
Loha (iron), 78-82

mala, 423
Lomka, 593

Madana (Randia dumetorum

Lam.), 64, 412, 416, 442

phala, 465
Madhavl {Eiptage benghalensis

Kurz) 104, 522
Madhu (honey), 135, 443, 605
Madhiicchista, 605
Madhuka (jGlycyrrhiza glabra

Linn ), 49

Madhuka {Madhuca indica J F.

Gmel.), 109, 312-13, 406,

418-21, 438, 443, 565

puspa, 418
Madhu karkati(ka) (sweet

lime), 306, 574
Madhuka sara, 442
Madhulaka, 190, 192
Madhu pupaka, 614
Madhu rasa, 416
Madhu sarkara, 133
Madhu sigru (a variety of

sigru), 43, 413
Madhu sirsaka, 383, 614
Madhu yasti, 458
Madhvdsava, 194

Madya (alcoholic drinks), 188,

443, 604

gauda, 193

khdrjura, 192
Mahd bald {Sida rhombifolia

Linn.), 46, 469
Mahd ghrta, 111
Mahd jallni, 476
Mahd kosataki, 589
Mah&medd, 418, 457
Mahd nimba (Melia azedarach

Linn.), 23, 464
Mahd saha, All
Mahd sugandhi, 437
Mahd sveta, 415
Mahd vrksa, 442
Mahisa payas (buffalo milk),

143
Majjd (bone marrow), 185-86
Mdksika, 136-37, 404, 532
Makustha (Phaseolus aconiti-

folius Jacq ), 248
Mdlati (Aganosma dichotoma

K. Schum), 54, 424, 431,

520
Mdlavaka, 571
Mallikd (Jasmlnum sambac

Ait), 104, 110
Mdmsa (meat) 256-66, 348,

370-73

Aniipa (marshy land ani-
mals), 257-58

Gramya (domesticated

animals), 263

asva, 263

chdga, 263

mesa, 263

vrsa, 263

Guhdsaya (animals dwelling

in caves). 260

658

Materia Medica

aksa, 260

babhru, 260

dvipin, 260

jambuka, 260

marjara, 260

rksa, 260

simha, 260

taraksu, 260

vrfca, 260

vydghra, 260

JangaJa (animals of dry

land forests), 257-63

Janghala, 258-59

e?ja, 258

harina, 258

krtamala, 259

kuranga, 258

mr^a matrka, 258

Pfsatf, 258

rajiva, 258

/■&#*, 258

sarabha, 258

svadamspa, 258

vapracura, 258

vatdyu, 259

vfnJw citraka, 259

viiruta, 259

Kosastha (animals dwelling

in shells), 265

bhalluka, 265

sambuka, 265

sasaka, 265

sukti, 265

vinaka, 265

Kulecara (animals who live

near water), 263-64

camari, 263-64

£0«<fo, 263-64

/u%a, 263-64

varaha, 263

varana, 263

Matsya (fish), 266

rohita, 266

Padin (265-66)

ghantikd, 265-66

karkata, 265-66

Arsna karkata, 265-66

kumbhira, 265-66

kurma, 265-66

nakra, 265-66

sisumara, 265-66

Parna tnrga, 260-61

vanaukd, 260

vr&fa marjara, 260

vrfcsa markafika., 260

P/tfvct (animals who swim

in water), 64-65

6a£a, 264

balakd, 264-65

harhsa, 264

kacaksa, 264

kadamba, 264

krauhca, 264

«c«iif mukhi, 264

sarasa, 264

sasdrikd, 265

Prasaha (animals & birds

who eat by snatching), 262-63

Marcr. 262

casfl, 262

a*//w, 262

grdhra, 262

/ca/co, 262

kurara, 262

s'tfia ghdtin, 262

uluka, 262

Pratuda (packer birds), 262

/writa, 262

Index

659

kdla kanthaka, 262

kapota, 262

khanjarifa, 262

pika, 262

sarika, 262

sata patra, 262

Vilesaya (animals who live

in burrows in earth), 259-60

akhu, 259

bhujanga, 259

godhd, 259

sasa, 259

Viskira (gallinacious birds),

261

cakora, 261

kapinjalaka, 261

krakara, 261

lava, 261

tittira, 261

vartikd, 261

vikira, 261
Mdmsa rasa, 372
Mdmsa rohinl, 487
Mamsi, 417, 435
Manah sila(d) (realgar), 88,

428, 432, 532
Manaka (Alocasia indica

Schott), 340
Mana kanda, 403, 598
Manda, 154-55, 166
Manda, 355

asta guna, 357

dhanya, 356

laja, 355-56

rakta sali, 356-57

sarva dhanya, 379

vatya, 356

jova, 379
Mandaka, 610

Manduka parnl (Centella asialica

Urban), 326
Manduki, 440
Mandura, 531
M<7«/, 96
Manikya, 536
Manjistha, {Rubia cordifolia

Linn.), 49, 444, 474
Mantha, 366, 619-20
ManusT payas (woman's milk),

144

Marakata, 537
Mardvika, 192
Marica {Piper nigrum Linn.),

38, 167, 422, 443, 497
Markata, 440
Markava (Eclipta alba Hassk.),

50

Mdrusa, 334

Maruvaka, 524

Atoa (Phaseolus mungo Linn ),

249-50, 253, 336, 428

aranya, 250

bhaksya, 611
M<&a parni {Teramnus labialis

Spreng,), 46, 418, 458
Masfu, 161-62
Masiira (Lens culinaris Medic),

248, 406, 408
Mathita, 165
Matsya (fish), 286-93

ali, 288

balanga, 289

bhdskara, 289

burnt, 291

dirgha tundaka, 289

dry, 291 '

eggs of, 291

gargabha, 290

660

Materia Medica

illisa, 289

irhbika, 290

irhvaka, 290

krsna matsya, 288

madgura, 288

nandikd varta, 287

nandl varta, 289

pathina, 287

pond, 292

prostika, 289

pri>«, 288

putnfied, 291

river, 292

rohita, 287

ia&w/tf, 287, 290

sailindhu, 290

sea, 292

small, 290

srngi, 287-88

well, 293
Matsyandi (ka), 132, 407
Matuluhga (citron), 305, 439
Matulungi, 443
Mayika, 473
Mayuraka, 415, 430
Mayura sikha, 487
Meia, 47, 406, 418, 433, 456
Medaka, 190-91
Jlf«fos, 185
Mesa (sheep), 274-75
Mesa srngi, 413, 440, 443-44,

467
Methi, 499
Meihika (Trigonella foenum-

graecum Linn.), 325
Milk, 406
Misreyd, 499
Moca (Musa paradisiaca Linn.

var. sapientum Kuntze),

316

Moca rasa, 484
Modaka, 327, 617
Morata, 151-52, 413-14
Mrdvika (Vitis vinifera Linn.),

309, 418
Mrnala, 520
Muca (u)kunda (Pterospermwn

acerifolium Willd ), 110, 523
Mudga (Phaseolus radiatus

Linn.), 247-48, 406, 441

krsna, 247

maha, 247

supa, 159

vanya, 248

jhso, 376
Mudga parni (Phaseolus trilobus

Ait), 46, 418,458
Muktd, 96, 407, 438, 535
Muktd sukti, 407
Mulaka (Raphanus sativus

Linn.), 335-36, 427, 439, 595
Mula kapotikd, 335
Mundi (Sphaeranthus indicus

Linn.), 54
Mundinl, 267-68
Muhja, 490
Munjdtaka, (Orchis latifolia

Linn.), 339, 445
Afwra, 435

Murvd, 402, 412, 420, 441, 444
474

Musaka (mouse), 280
Musali (Chlorophytum tubero-
sum Baker), 50, 341, 479,

598
Muskaka, 416, 548
Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.)

25, 407, 421, 423, 435,

472

Index

Mutra (urine), 204-208

buffalo's, 206

camel's, 206-207

cow's, 205

donkey, 207

elephant, 206

female, 208

goat's, 205

horse, 206

human, 207

male, 208

sheep's, 205
Mutra krcchra (dysuria), 167
Miitrala drugs, 438

Naga (lead), 75-77, 530

Naga bala (Grewia popuWolia
Vahl), 46

Naga damani (Artemisia vulga-
ris Linn.), 54, 483

Naga danti, 415

Naga kes(s)ara (Mesua ferrea
Linn.), 65, 436 511

Naga puspa, 417, 419

Ndgara (Zingiber officinale
Rose), 36-37, 423, 427

Naga vadhu, 441

Naipdla, 129

Naipali, 106

Nakha, 517

Nakta mala, 413

Nakula, 260

Ndkuli, 479

Nala, 414, 426, 490

Nalada, 419

Nali, 516

Nalina, 419

Nandi, 542

Naranga(i) (orange), 304-5, 574
574

661

Narikela (coconut), 315, 342,

557

Nata, 402

NavanTta (butter), 171, 603

mahisa, 171-72
Nava sdraka, 439
Nikocaka, 569

Nilanjana (lead sulphide), 88
Nila pora, 129
NilT kanda, 403
Nilinf, 442, 463
Nilotpala, 419, 519
Nimba (Azadirachta indica A.

Juss.), 22, 111, 329,420,

424, 430

Nimba, 412, 464

Nimbuka (lime fruit), 305,

439, 576
Nipa (Adina cordifolia Benth. &

Hook, f.), 107, 299, 439
NipdlankT, 441
Nirgundi, 415, 440, 466
NTrica, 334
Nisa (Curcuma hnga Linn.),

55-56, 403, 421, 425, 444
Nispdva (Dolichos lablab Linn.),

251,368

simba (type of Dolichos

lablab Linn.), 251

simbi (type of Dolichos

lablab Linn.), 251
Nivara (type of paddy), 245,

441
Nyagrodha, 68, 337
Nyanku (antelope), 268

Padma, 337 341, 421, 438, 518
bija, 519
cdrini, 518
kesara, 405
raga, 96

662

Materia Medica

Padmaka (Primus cerasoides D.

Don.), 60, 418, 420, 516
Paittika, 136
PaksTndra, 96
Pakva tasa sidhu, 193
Pdkya, 439
Palala, 385
Paldndu {Allium cepa Linn.),

34, 596
Palankyd (Spinacia oleracea

Linn.), 324, 593
Patesa, 414, 416, 546
Pdlevaka, 571
Palevata, 439, 571
Pamsu lavana, 404, 503
Panaka, 382, 608
Panasa (jack fruit), 315-16,

566
jParaco #«vya, 429
Pancdgni, 441
Pahca hutasana, 441
Panca kantaka, 426
-PoKca Jfco/fl, 39, 421, 427, 498
Panca ksiri vrksa, 68-69
Pahca mahisa, 428
Pancamla, 580
Pahca mula, 444

kaniyas, 67-68, 424

kantaka, 445

ksudra, 425

laghu, 455

mahat, 67-68, 425, 454

z/tzg, 444

va//f, 445

vallija, 425
Pahcangula (Ricinus communis

Linn.), 336
Panca sugandhi, 437

valkala, 433

Pdnduka, 272

Pdniya kukkuta (water cock),

271
Pawfctf (m«i), 102, 538
Pahkaja, 406

i^racfcz (mercury), 89-92, 531
Pdrdvata (pigeon), 272
Panbhadra {Erythrina variegata

Linn.), 44, 548
Paripela, 513
Parisa, 68
Parpata (Fumaria parviflora

Lam.), 23, 329, 385, 476
Parpati, 517
Parpatika (Physalis minima

Linn.), 308
Partha {Terminalia aijuna W.

&A.), 50
Paru(u)saka (Grewia asiatica

Linn.), 310, 313, 412, 419,

563
Pasana bheda, 472
Patala {Stereospermum sua-

veolensT>C),44,, 107, 242,

412, 425, 442, 453
Patala garuda, 491
Patanga (Caesalpinia sappan
Linn.), 60, 517
Patha (Cissampelos pareira

Linn.), 23, 412, 416, 420-

21,428, 474
Patika, 440
Patola. (Trichosanthes dioica

"Roxb.), 330, 412, 593
PatolT, 430
Patolikd (Trichosanthes cucu-

merina Linn.) 333-34
Patra, 417, 436, 442
Patraka (Cinnamomum tamala

Nees & Eberm), 66

Index

663

Patturd, 336
Paundraka, 129

sarkara, 132
Pauskara {Inula racemosa

Hook, f.), 65
Pauskara (lotus seed), 339
Payas (milk), 141
Payasvini, 438
Payasya, 438, 444
Peya, 359

P/zafo (fruit), 349, 442
Phala trika, All
Phalgu {Ficus hispida Linn, f.),

308
Phalini {Prunus mahaleb Linn.),

64
Phanijjhaka (Ocimum basilicum

Linn.), 108, 415
Phanita (penidium), 131
Phanjl, 414-15
Phenaka, 384
Phenika, 616
Phogo, 592
Pilu, 299, 443, 544
Piluka, 439
Pindki, 338

Pinda kharjurikd, 311-12
Pindalu, 484, 599
Pinddruka (Colocasia esculenta

Schott), 340
Pippali {Piper longum Linn.),

37-38, 167, 195, 422, 427,

440, 442-43, 497

mala, 403, 427, 497
Pista, 569
Pita candana, 508
Pita rohini, 100
Pittala, 530
Plyusa, 150, 152
Plaksa, 68, 337, 542

jPofl&J, 610
Prdci bala, 415

Pracinamalaka, 299, 439, 452
Prakiryd, 445
Prapaundarikd, 49, 418
Prapidana, 428
Prapunnad{t)a {Cassia tora

Linn.), 56, 327, 403, 442
Praroha (adventitous rootj,
Prasannd, 190
Prasara{i)ni {Paederia foetida

Linn.), 52, 468
Pravdla, 535
Priyala {Buchanania lanzan

Spreng.), 307, 318, 562

majja, 438
Priyangu {Setaria italica

Beau v.), 245, 417, 419,

431, 513
P«af (spotted deer), 267
PrsniparnI QJraria picta

Desv.), 45, 401, 424, 454
Prthak parni, All, 431
Prthuka, 367, 622
Pwgtf, 442

phala, 431
Pumjata, A01
Punarnavd {Boerhaavia diffusa

Linn.), 26, 190, 412. 444
Pundarika, 516
Punnaga, 405, 522

kesara, All

Pupa, 383

Pupaka, 386

Puskara (lotus fruit), 317

mw/a, 403, 471
Puspa kdsfsa, 533
Puspdnjana, 534
Pt/gw rogtt, 96

664

Materia Medica

Putika, 413, 428, 442
Putranjiva, 480

Raga sa(rf)dava, 116-11, 381,

606
Rajadana, 419, 438
Raja kosdcaki, 589
Raja ksavaka, 326
Raja masa {Vigna cylindrica

Skeels), 250
Rajamra, 580
Raja nirhbu, 305
Rajata, 404, 423, 439
Raja vrksa (Cassia fistula Linn.),

21 ,' 430
Rajika (Brassica nigra Koch),

41, 253, 336
Rakta apamaiga, 460
Rakta candana, 403 420, 508
Rakta eranda, 459
Rak ta punarnava, 461
Raktotpala (Nymphaea rubra

Roxb.), 103, 519
Raid, 59, 514
Ramatha, 416
Rambhd puspa, 407
Ramyaka, 442
Rasa, 69
Rasaka, 88-89
Rasa knya, 432
Rasala, 381
Rasand, 415

Rasanjana, 403, 419, 534
Rasna (Pluchea tanceolata Olivr

& Hiern.), 63

(Alpinia galarrga Willd.),
65
RUsna, 445, 468

Rasona (Allium sativum Linn.),

32-3, 439
Ratna (jewels), 69, 96
Rddhi, 46, 406, 418, 433, 456
Renukd, 416, 513
Ritikd (bell metal), 77-8
Rodhra, 414
Rohisa trna, 471
Rohita, 350
Rohitaka (Tecomella undulata

Seem.), 58, 484
Romaka, 439

lavana, 503
Ropana curna, 432
gArta, 431
kalka, 431
kasdya, 430
taz/a, 431
v<zrtf, 431
Rsabha, 412

Rsabhaka, 47 412, 418,457
.ftsja, 268
Rucaka, 404-6
i?«Ar, 421
Rupya,(ka) 404, 529

Sadusana, 39, 498
Sahacara, 414, 444
Sahadeva, 412
Saileya, 513. 435
Saindhava, 418, 430, 432, 439,

441, 502
Saire(i)ya (Barleria cristata

Linn.), 52, 111, 426
Saireyaka, 413, 485
Saivalaka, 444
Saka (vegetables), 323, 349,

413, 441, 545

j>/ja/«, 419

Index

665

Sakharika, 311,
Sakrdhva, 440
Sakra yava, 416
Saktu, 427, 620-21

canaka, 365

/07a, 365

sali, 365

j<zva, 365-66
S(S~)a!a, 414, 443, 545
Sala{i) parni, 424, 454
Sa/a 5<3ra, 413
Salt, 190, 201, 438

dhanya, 408

ma/za, 242

jp/5#*, 610

rakta (Orlza sativa Linn.),

241

rice, 242-43
Sallaki, 414, 444, 548
Salmali (Salmalia malabarica

Schott. & Endl.), 109, 549

Saluka, 436, 520
Salyaka, 268-69
Samangd, 431

•&wm (Prosopis spicigera Linn.),
308, 550

Samkhim, 440, 442-43
Sampaka, 318
Samsodhana, 442

gArta, 429

vartf, 428
Samsvedaja (mushroom), 337
Samtarpana, 437
Samudra, 439

lavana, 503
Samudra phala, 544
Samudra phena, 535
Samudrikodbhava sarkara, 133
Sarhyava, 383, 613

5Vj«<z (Crotalaria juncea Linn.),

109, 427
.ftzna puspi, 442, 476
Sandaki, 202, 381
San{m)kha (conch shell), 96,

101, 278, 537

£an(m)kha puspT {Convolvulus

pluricaulis Chois), 53-54,

440, 480-81
Sankhini, 428, 440
Sapta cchada, 424, 440, 442
Saptala, 442-43
Saptaparna, 412, 427, 549
Sara, 161-62
Sarad vihanga, 264
Sarala, 431, 445, 470, 512
Sd.ramla.ka, 575
Sara purhkha, 486
Sarika (shama thrush), 279
Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus

R. Br.), 48, 412, 418, 425,

459

Sar/a rasa, 417
Sarkara, 132
Sarkara, 194, 407
Sarngesfha, 412, 421
£arpa (snake), 278

Sarsapa (Brassica campestris
Linn.), 253, 336, 407, 427,
442
saka, 594

Sarvausadhi, 435-36

Sasa (hare), 268, 408

■&#, 441
Saskuli, 385
Sastika, 408, 438
Satahva, (Foeniculum vulgare
Mill), 64

666

Materia Medica

Satala, 466

Sata pain, 105-106

Sata poraka, 129

Sata pupsa, 445, 498

Sata puspi, 439

Satdvarl {Asparagus racemosus

Wild.), 50, 338, 412-13, 426,

444,469
Safi (Hedychium spicatum Ham

ex. Smith), 61, 515
Satina (Pimm sativum Linn.),

248, 325
Sattaka, 384, 609
Saurastri (alum), 102
Sauvarcala, 503
Sauvira, 201, 439
Sauvira anjana, 533
Sauvirakdnjana, 100
Savara rodhra, 414
Sehunda, 463
§(s)ephalik(a)a, 467
Sew, 568
Sevan", 521
Sevya (Vetiveria zizanioides

Nash), 60
Shunhi, 429
Siddhdrtha, 252-53, 407, 416

421
Siddhdrthaka, 443
SJa&u, 193, 195
S/grw (Moringa pterygosperma

Gaertn.), 43, 413, 427, 439,

443, 596
Sikhari, 401
SikharinT, 607
Sikthaka, 55
&7<?, 430
Sild jatu (mineral pitch), 94-

96, 418, 534

Site rasa, 509

Silemanf kharjura, 558

Simba, 252

SimM, 591

Simbi dhanya, 253

Simha pucchi, 401

Simsapd (Dalbergia sissoo

Roxb.), 57, 416, 551
Simsipd, 413
Sindhu, 264
Sindura (red oxide of lead),

103, 533
Sinduri, 524
Sinduvara (yitex trifolia Linn.),

57
Sira vara, 594
SVrJsa (Albizzia lebbeck Benth.)

54-55, 68, 413, 443, 543
Sirisika, 550
Sisa, 423
Sitd, 407, 431
Sffa, 444
Sita rasa, 193-94

£fva, 407, 444
Skandha, 413

Slesmdtaka (Cordia myxa
Roxb.), 316, 544

Snuhi (Euphorbia nerifoha
Linn.), 27

Snuk, 442
Sodhana curna, 430
kasaya, 428

rasa kriyd, 430

tatfa, 430
Soma, 431
Somalika, 618
Soma ra/7, 403

Index

667

Soma valka, 431

Soma valli, 478

Sorava, 373

Sphatika, 535

Sphurja, 441

Sprkkd, 417, 515

Sravana, 432

Sreyasi, 327

Srgdla vinnd, 412

iSVz khanda candana, 405

Sri puspa, 436

Sri vasa (Pinus roxburghii

Sargent), 59, 512
Srivestaka, 417
Srngata, 438
Srngdtaka, 599
Srngavera, 443
$"«£* (Pistacia integerrima

Stew, ex Brandis), 65, .428
Srotonjana, 100, 534
Sthauneyaka, 417, 514
Sthird (Desmodium gangeticum

DC), 45
Sthulaild, 510
S5cz(f) patra(Jcd), 129, 130
Sudarsand (Crinum asiaticum

Linn.), 51
Sudha ksara, 504
Sugandhaka, 415
Sugadhdmalaka, 436
Sugar cane product, 350
£w£r<z dhdnya, 253
Sufca ndsahva, 439
Suksmaild (Elettaria cardamo-

mum Maton), 63, 510
&/fcta (vinegar), 199
Suktaka, 439
&fctf, 417, 537
Sukundali, 441 '

Siilika, 371
Sumana, 440
Sumanas, 428, 445
Sumukha, 415, 439
Sunisannaka (Marsilia minuta

Linn.), 326-27, 441, 594
Sunthiii), 167, 417, 422, 496
Supdrl, 581
Sara, 189, 191, 439
Surabhi, 43
»S«ra darM (Cedrus deodara

Loud.), 61
Surdhva, 439
Surana, 341, 350, 441
Surasa, 415, 443
Surdsfrajd, 428
Surya kdnta, 536
Siiryendu, 96
Susavi, 412, 426
Suvarcala, 428, 433, 482
Suvarna, 404, 529
Suvarana ksfri, 442
Svadamstrd, 412 414, 444.
SvSdu, 155
Svadu kanfaka, 440
Svddvamla, 156
Svarjika, 439
SVar/i" ksara, 504
SVar«a (gold), 70-72, 423

bhasma, 404
Svarna gairika, 404
Svarna ksfri, 465
Svarna tali, 405
£ve*a, 415, 442
j!?veta kamala, 518
£Wa kantakdrl, 455
,!>Veta marica, 100
£veta nisotha, 461-62
■Svefa punarnavd, 467

668

Materia Medica

Syamd, 440

Sydmdka {Echinochloa frumen-

tacea Link.), 245
Syama nisotha., 462
Syonaka, 421, 425, 453

Tadoga, 281

Tagara {Valeriana wallichii

DC), 58, 402, 417, 516
Tagara padi,, 402
Taila (oil); 179

aksa, 183

danti, 182

eranda (castor oil), 181

jyotismati, 82-83

kimsuka, 183

kosSmra, 181

ksauma (linseed oil), 180

kusumbha, 181

pakva bhaksya

sahakara, 184

sarja rasa, 184

sdrsapa, (mustard oil), 180

slesmataka, 183

sri parna, 183

tila (gingili oil), 180

>wa tf&fa, 184
Tafcra (butter milk), 164-69,

439, 603
Tdkra kurcika, 152
Takramla, 380
Takra pinda, 152
7a/a (Borassus flabellifer

Linn.), 313-15, 438, 443,

567

pa frf 432,

pralamba, 339

iwvw, 342
7a/a vit, 432

Talisa patra {Abies webbiana

Lindle.), 66
Tdlisa, 401, 443, 511

/?<3fra, 405, 5*45
Tambula, 582
T5»ira (copper), 73-74, 423,

530

Tdmra cuda, 486
Tandula pisfa, 368
Tanduliyaka {Amaranthus spi-

nosus Linn.), 324, 592
Tankana, 504
Tapasa, 129

v/-ftsa, 415
TdpaseksUy 129
Tarar (silver), 72-3
Taraksu, 260
Tarkari, 413
Taste, astringent, 353-54

bitter, 353

pungent, 353

saline, 353

sour, 352

sweet, 352
Tauvara, 195
Teja patra, 511
Tejavati, 470
Tiksna lauha, 402
TY/cta, 412

mra, 416, 421, 440
Tila, (Sesamum indicum Linn.),

247, 253, 427, 430.
Tila parnT, 327, 444
Tilvaka, 442
Tinduka (Diospyros tomentosa

Roxb.), 307, 317, 564
Tinisd (Ougeinia dalbergioides

Bentb..), 57
Tinisa, 413, 443
Ttnisa, 546

Index

669

Tintidika, (Rhus parviflora

Roxb.), 304
Tittidlkz., 578
Tittira, 26]

Tittiri (partridge), 271,
Todana, 572
Trapu, 423
Trapusa (Cucumis sativus

Linn.), 331-32, 588
Trayamana, 424, 440, 476
Trayanti (Gentiana kuroo

Royle), 21
Tri kantdka (Tribulus terrestris

Linn.), 45, 426
Tri karsita, 423
Tri kafu, 428
Triphala, 19-20, 416, 419, 422,

428, 430, 433, 441, 451
Tri sugandhi, 437, 511
Trivrt (Operculina turpethum

Silva Manso), 20-21, 442
Trna danya, 299
Txti, 416

Tryusana, 38, 422, 497
TugaksTri, 66, 418
Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum

Linn.), 108, 524
TumbI, 558
Tumbvru (Zanthoxylum datum

Roxb.), 43
Tuni, 549

Tusodaka, 200, 439
Tuta, 571
Tuttha, 436, 532
Tutthaka (copper sulphate),

88, 418

Tuvaraka (Hydnocarpus wigh-

tiana Blume), 28, 272
Tvak, 417, 436, 510
Tvak tikta, 306

Udadhi mala (cuttle fish bone),

101
Udakirya, 445
Udasvit, 165-66
Udumbara (Ficus racemosa

Linn.), 68, 317, 337, 542
Ugra, 421
Ulapta, 371
Uthvl, 622

Unduru karnika, 415
Upa dhatu, 69, 82-92
Upa kuncikd {Nigella sativa

Linn.), 40, 550
Upa rasa, 69, 92
Upa ratna, (costly stones), 69,

96
Upa visa, (subsidiary poisons),

69, 100
Upodikd (Basella rubra Linn.),

334, 593
Urabhra payas (sheep's milk),

142
Usaka, 418
Usana, 416, 421
Uslra, 405, 417-18, 444, 513
Usfra payas (camel milk), 143
Utpala (Nymphaea stellata

Willd.), 109, 341, 406, 421,

*T*T*T

Utsadana,, 432

Vaca (Acorns calamus Linn.),
53, 417, 421, 430, 435,
442-43, 501

Vadama (almond), 318-19

Vahni mantha (Clerodendrum
phlomidis Linn, f.), 44

Vah.nl patra, 402

Vaidala bhaksya, 611

Vaidalika; 252

670

Materia Medica

Vaidurya, 96, 537

Vaijayantika, 440

Vaikranta, 404

Vaji karna, 426

Vajra, 96, 404

Vajra vrk$a, 416

Vaka, 107, 265

Vakkasa, 190-91

Vakuci, 475

Fdtw/a, 441, 522

Fa/5 wo/a, 486

Valuka, 299, 317, 417, 538,

589
Vami, 486
Vamsa (Bambusa bambos

Druce), 58, 490
Vamsaka, 129

Vamsa rocctna (bamboo man-
na), 66, 502
Vanaspati, 441
Vanga (tin), 73
Vandaka ,101, 483
Vandhuka, 405
Vandhya karkofakf 590

karkoti, 331 480
VaAga, 530
Varaha (hog), 276
Varaha kanda (Tacca aspera

Roxb.), 342
FaraAi, 406, 598

kanda, 473
Varahga (Cinnamomum zey-

lanicum Blume), 65
Varardha, 437
Vars&bhu (Trianthema portula-

castrum Linn.), 328
Varsiki, 106

Vartaka (male bustard), 270
Vartaka (Solarium melongena

Linn.), 329-30

Vartaku, 440

Vartika (gray partridge), 270
Vartika (female bustard), 270
Varuna (Crataeva nurvula

Buch. Ham.), 44, 327, 413,

440, 547
Varum, 190
Farrarf, 43
Vdryanna, 362
Vasa (muscle fat), 185-86

harhsa, 185

kaka, 185

kukkuta, 185

kumbhira, 185

mahisa, 185

Twrga, 185

sukara, 185

w/iMca, 7S5

F<wa, 452

Vdsaka (Adhatoda vasica

Nees), 66
Vasanti, 522
Vasira, 413-14
Vasira, 444
Vdspikd, (Carum bulbocasta-

num Koch), 40
Vdstuka (Chenopodium murale

Linn.), 324
Vdstuka, 591
Vasuka, 413-14, 444
Vata, 541
Vataka, 617
Vdtdma, 438
Vafapatri, 479
Fata*, 426

Vatsadanl, 327, 425, 444
Vatsaka, 420
Fe«, 523
Fe//a, 421

Index

671'

Vettantara, 483

Venu, 402

Verm karira {Barribusa arundin-
acea Willd ), 328

Vesa vara, 384

Vesma cataka (house spar-
row), 270

Vetasa, 68

Vetavamla, 407

Vetra, 439, 441

Vetragra, 329

Vibhitaka (Terminalia belerica

Roxb.), 318, 442,451
Vibhitaki, 422
FzVfa, 439, 503

Vidanga (Embelia ribes Burin.
'f), 56-57, 415-16, 428, 442-

43, 501
ViddrT (Tpomoea paniculata

R. Br.), 338, 406, 412, 425
Viddrikd, AAA
Vidari kanda, 473
Vidruma, 96
Vidula, AA2
Vijaya sara, 546
Vikankata, 299

vfksa, 440
KZ/eyf, 359
Vimala, 132
Ffra tare, 414, 444
Visa, (poison), 69, 97-100
Visa, 416, 421
Visala (Trichosanthes bracteata

Voigt), 48
Visa musti, 415, 408
Visanika, 442
Fwa saluka, 339
Fzctiu kranta, 480
Visyandana, 615

P7ivtf cfeva, 412

Vi&vausadha, 416

Vitagni, 280

P7/ khadira, 545

Vrddha dam, 478

FW&K 47, 418, 433, 456

Vrhad dara (Argyreia speciosa

Sweet), 58
PTffcf (variety of Orjzor sa«*va

Linn ), 242
Vrksddam, 414
Vfksaka, 416
Vrksamla, 406
Vfntaki, 589
F/-50 (Adhatoda vasica Nees).

110,440
Vrscikali {Pergularia externa

N. E. Br.), 51, 412, 415,

440, 444
Vyaghra nakha, All
Vyaghri, 440
Vyosa, 439

Water, 210-11

arhsudaka, 223

antariksa jala, 223

arogyathbu, 229-31

audbhida (water coming

from earth.), 218, 224

bhauma (water on earth)

215-17

anupa, 216-17
jangala, 216-11
sadharana, 216-17

&oi7«f, 228

candra kanta, 225

caunga, 220

caundya, 224

coconut, 231-32

cold, 227-28

672

Materia Medica

divya type of, 211-15

dharaja, 212-13

ganga, 212-13

haima (water from snow),

214-15
hot, 229
karaka jata (water from hail

stone), 213-14
kedara, 222
kiipa, 221
nadeya, 217
mrjhara (water from spring),

218-19
palvala (water of small pond),

219
poisonous, 213
polluted, 226
pollution, 233-36
rain, 222

river, 217, 225-26
samudra, 213
sarasa (water of pond),

219
sea, 225
spring, 224

tadaga (small pond), 224
tadaga (water from lake),

' 220
tausara (water from dew &

forst), 214

vapi, 220-21
vikira, 221-22
well, 224

Yasa (Alhagi pseudalhagi

Desv.), 22
Yasfi, 406, 417
Yava (Hordeum vulgare

Linn.), 201, 245-46, 253,

428, 444
Yav&gu, 360

krsard, 360

payasa, 360
Yam Lsara, 429, 439, 504
YavdnT (Trachyspermum ammi

Sprague), 41, 500
Yavasd, 460
Yava tikta, 440
Yava, vamsaja, 246
Yitaz, 402

akrta, 380

fcrta, 380

kulattha, 378

mulaka, 377

navdnga, 378

nimbu, 2>11

panca mustika, 378

patola, 377
Yuthika (JasmTnum auriculatum

Vahl), 105, 109, 521

INDEX III

(Synonyms of Drugs)

Abdhija, 535
Abdhi mandukf, 537
Abhaya, 451, 456
Abhaya, 513
Abhiru, 469
Abhista-gandhaka, 522
AbhraQcd), 531
Accha, 518
Adhah salya, 460
Adhakl, 535
Adhard, 456
Adhara kanfaki, 469
Agastya, 551
Agastydhva, 551
Agni mantha, 452
Agni mukhi, 481
^4gm" /*f/z, 498
Agni sikha, 509
Agni vaktraka, 481
Agni vallabha, 514
Ahiphena, 491
Ahittha, 499
AindrT, 462
^4/a gandhd, 500
^Ijfa gandhi, 484
-4A3/F, 499
yl/a karna, 547
-4/a moda, 499
.4/a srngikd, 461
Ajya, 603
Ajydra, 603

Akasa, 53 1
Akhu karni, 461
Akhu visdpaha, 478
Aksa, 451

phala, 557
Aksi bhesaja, 478
-<4 Arsfra, 503
Aksodaka, 570
Aksota, 570
Alavuni, 588
Aluka, 570
Amald, 604
Amalaka, 451
Amalaryaka, 508
Ama vairi, 459
Ambara, 475
Ambha, 602
Anibha phala, 568
Ambhoja, 520, 544
Arhbhoruha, 518
Ambu, 602
Ambu sirisika, 550
Ambu valll, 482
Ambu vasini, 453
Ambu pddapa, 578
Amla patraka, 466
Amlct sdka, 578
Amla vetasa, 575, 580
Amilkd, 571 , 595
Amogha, 451, 453
Antra, 555
Amrdta(kd), 579-80

674

Materia Madica

Antra tafa, 579
Amrta, 451, 504, 535
Anifta, 568, 602
Amrt&hva, 567-68
Amrtakvaya, 603
Amrtala, 451
Amrta phala, 451
Amrta sanga, 5 32
Amrta vallan, 452
Amsapa, 566
AmSumati, 454
Amvasfha, 474
AmvastkakT, 473
Anala, 48 1
Ananta, 460
Angaraka, 416
Angara karkari, 610
Angara vallan, 550
Ahjana, 533
Anjira, 570
Ankola. 463
Ankolaka, 463
Antah kotara puspi, 478
^«« manthaja, 603
i>a, 568, 602
Apada rohini, 483
Apamarga, 460
Aparajita, 480, 486
4peta raksasi, 524
Aphenaka, 491
4pAw, 491
Aphuka, 491
^?fto, 519
Aragvadha, 462
Aralu, 453
Arama sltala, 486
^4ra«z", 452, 454
Aravinda, 518
^rd/ia candrika, 462
Ardraka, 496

Argata, 543
Arimedaka, 545
Arista, 464
Aristaka, 550
Arjaka, 524
Arjuna, 543
^r£a, 487
;4r&a kanta, 482
^4r^<2 puspi, 48 1
Arogya simbi, 463
^rto g-a/a, 543
Jr/a galaka, 485
yfrt/w sadhana, 480, 550
J>z/, 565, 570
Aruna, 461
Aruna, 498
Aruska, 481, 565
Aruskara, 481
JVwta gandha, 502
Asi patra, 463
.<4sz£a, 523
/4jz'fa druma, 545
,4i/Ma bhedaka, 472
^ima garbhaka, 546
Asmaja, 534
Asmanta, 466
Asmari bheda, 472
y4izna jow', 466
Asphota, 459, 466
Asfa padi, 523
y4sfa varga, 457
ylstAz samhdra, 487, 597
samharaka, 487
samhrta, 597
srnkhalika, 597
Asura, 503
yliva gandha, 468
^sWza, 488
Asvattha, 541
Asvavarchaka, 468

Index

675

Asyahva, 517
Asya lalana, 514
Atarusaka, 452
Ati bald, 470
Ati card., 518
Ati chatrikd, 482
.4**' g«/j<5, 454
Ati kantaka, 460
Ati ksuraksa, 485
Ati manjula, 521
-4rt" rasa, 468
/lr7 ™/za, 487
/I ft' saurabha, 555
^/z" te/mf, 470
^z 1 ? vi?a, 411
Atma gupta, 480
Atma raksa, 462
Atyugra, 502
Atyugra gandha, 499
Audbhida, 503
Audbhida lavana, 503
/4i/j<a, 503
ylva& puspi, 498
Avalguja, 475
J vara Arc/a, 561
Avarttaki, 416
Avegi, 478
^[vja, 472

,4vja&ta gandha, 485
^jva/z, 531
Ayaskdnta, 538

Babbula, 546
Badama, 568
Badara, 560-61
Badari, 560
Bahula chada, 596
£a/a, 469
5a7<2, 512, 521
J9a/a, 535

5a/a bhadra, 416

Balaka, 512

.Ba/a mulaka, 595

Bali, 514
^afrnz - , 598

jBa(ya, 468

Bandha bhandhuka, 523
Bandhinf, 520
Bandhu jiva, 523
Barha cuda, 514
j&zMz, 490
Bhadraia), 472, 519
Bhadra candana, 459
Bhadra dam, 470
Bhadra kanta, 454
Bhadra kastha, 470
Bhadra musta, 412
Bhadra parni, 468
Bhadra parnika, 453
Bhadra sriya, 508
Bhadra yava, 465
Bhadralla, 510
Bhadra tarani, 521
Bhadraudani, 469
Bhadravati, 412
Bhallataka, 481, 572
£Aa£7, 481
BhalluQca), 570
Bhallu rakta phala, 570
flftawff, 461, 474
Bhandirani phala, 543
Bhanga, 489
Bhangura, 477
Bhantaki, 589
Bharadvdji 470
Bhara v&hirii, 463
Bharga parvani, 472
Bhargavi, 489
£fc&2f, 472
Bhastna pihgala, 551

676

Materia Medica

Bhauma, 503
Bhavy a, 577
Bheka raja, 476
Bhillaka vfksa, 548
Bhirindika, 481
Bhiru patrT, 469

Bhisana, 514
Bhisan-mata, 452
JWrgu Mava, 472
Bhrnga, 510
Bhrnga bandhu, 523
Bhrnga malika, 501
Bhrnga raja, 476
Bhfiigdhva, 476
.BAw e/rafra, 598
.BM dftdfrf, 451
Bhujaga parnim, 483
£/iu kadambaka, 500
J5Aw mandali, 523
Bhumija, 503
Bhumi kadambaka, 460
Bhumi kharjurika, 558
Bhumi saha, 545
Bhumydmalaki, 451
Bhunimba, 464
Bhurja, 546
jPAm iamf, 550
Bhusana, 497, 504
Bhiisita, 463
£Mta, 471
£/zSta Jfceif, 467, 512
J?^«fa nasana, 502
i?/?«fa padapa, 544
.BAwta vasa, 451
J?/mta vrfc^a, 453, 460
Bhutaghni, 501, 524
j9/zK*f, 471
Bhutika, 471
Bhutika, 507,
Bhuyas, 546

Bija piira(ka), 573
AV/a, 452, 454
Bilvikd, 502
Bimba kila, 523
J?wn£f, 590
5o/a, 535

Brahma carini, 482
Brahma kancana, 529
Brahma kSsfha, 571
Brahma mekhala, 490
Brahma padapa, 546
Brahma suvarcala, 482
Brahmana y astikd, 472
Brdhmani, 515
Brahmf, 482, 486
J9/7;aa* Z?a/<5, 469
jBr/zotf kantakari, 455
UrAaf kharjurika, 558
J?r^3f fco?f, 593
Brhat phala, 556
Brhat puspd, 521
£r/zaf va//f, 590
Brhati, 455
Brahma dam, 571

Cakrahva, 516
Cakra laksaria, 452
Cakra marda, 475
Cakrangi, 463
Cakrika, 483
Caksusya, 554
Ca/a, 522
Ca/a da/a, 541
Camikara, 529
Campaka, 522
Campeya, 511, 522
Ca«a puspikd, 479
Canaka saka, 594
Capaa, 480, 488, 514
Candana, 508

Index

677

Candana puspaka, 510
Candikd, 511
Candra hasa, 452
Candra hasyd, 455
Candra kanta, 536
Candra mani, 536
Candra vald, 510
Candrikd, 475
Cdngeri, 595
Capala, 497
Capala, 531
Cora, 562
Ccrc/f, 518
Carma kanfaka, 476
Carma kas (i)a, 466, 487
Carma ranga, 476
Carmasahva, 466
Cam, 516
Can/ kesara, 521
Carw parni, 468
Caru patrika, 502
Caru vahlika, 509
C<?rw vrfcra, 542
Catuh chada, 595
Caturamlaka 580
Caturangula, 463
Caturannaka, 501
Caturjata, 511
Caturusana, 491
Cauhari, 500

yavdnt, 500
Cavika, 497
CavyaQia), 497-98
Cerapoti, 481
Cetafcf, 450
Chadana, 486
Chadmika, 474
Chagala, 478
Chardana, 465
Chatra, 482

Chatramlikd, 595

C/z<zz7f, 549

Chikkika, 484

Chikkini, 484

Chinna, 452

Chinna granihinikd, 460

Chinna ruha, 452

Chinnodbhava, 452

Ciccinda, 593

Cff//, 592

Ctf/tfrf, 592

Cmra, 577

Cincini phala, 461

C/ra bilvaka, 550

Cirajlvini, 549

Cira patrd, 556

Cirbhafi, 588

Cirbhita, 588

Cirim, 550

Cirita patrika, 479

Cft/YZ, 459, 498

Ci>5, 462

Cz7ra, 470

Citraka, 498

Cfrra /?Aa/a, 462, 589

Civuka, 523, 562

Cordka, 514

Cucuka, 592

G&fa, 483

Cukra, 575

Cukra, 595

Cukrikd, 577

Culaka 465

Cumbaka, 538

Curna pdrada, 533

Cwta, 555

DadW, 602
Dodhi phala, 579

678

Materia Medica

Dadhi pupaka, 615
Dadima, 560,
Dadimi, 560
Dadimi puspa, 484
Dadrughna, 475
Dahana, 498
Daitya, 515
Dak$indvarti, 467
Dalahva, 511
Da/a ia7/nz 598
Dama, 524
Damana, 524
Damanaka, 524
Damani, 483
Dandahata, 603
Dante, 524
Danta bijd, 560
Danta satha, 575
Dazzf z, 46 1

&z/a, 461
DantT phala samdkrti, 569
Darada, 533
Darbha, 490
Daruna, 498
Da>u haridrd, 475
Daru phala, 569
Darpf, 475

rasodbhava, 534
Daia wiw/a, 455
Dasangula, 567
Dast, 485, 512
Davidalika, 473
Dendika, 591
Deva a'a/f, 478
Deva Jan/, 470
Deva dhupa, 514
Deva dundubhi, 524
Deva gandhd, 486
Deva gandhaka, All
Deva kusuma, 510

Deva ,ya/za, 469
Deva irem', 474
Deva i'.w/a, 604
Devata, 456, 488
Devatdhga, 478
Deva tarw, 564
Devi", 474, 480, 515, 590
Dhamana, 490
DhamanT, 516
Dhana, 562
Dhanaka, 467
D/za/ze, 501
Dhaneya 501
Dhanu, 481
Dhanvana, 547
Dhanva ydsa(ka), 460
Dhanya, 501, 572
Dhanya, 522
Dhanyaka, 501
Dhanyaka, 501
Dharmdna, 547
Dhataki, 473
Dhatri parni, 511
~Dha.tr i phala, 451
Dhattura, 488
D/zata 6/zava, 530
Dhatu kasisa, 533
Dhatu maksika, 532
Dhava, 547
Dhavam, 454-55, 476
D/rfra, 457
Dhruva, 541
Dhruva, 454
Dhumra, 509
Dhurandhara, 547
Dhkrta, 488
Dhurtta, 503
Dhvaja, 567
Dhvdmksa ndsini, 501
Dhvanda, 485

Index

619

Dhvdnksa koli, 456
Dhvanksa mdci, All
Dina, 516
Dindari, 535
Dindinikd, 550
Dipani, 479
Dipaniya, 500
Dipa vrksaka, 470
DTptd, 466
Dz>ja, 500
Dipyaka, 500
Dirgha chada, 545
Dirgha danda, 459
Dirghaka, 499
Dirgha kilaka, 463
Dirgha muld, 454
Dirgha-mula, 460
Dirgha nisvana, 537
Dirgha patra, 483
Dirgha patraka, 461, 543, 565 ,
596

Dirgha patri, 481
Dirgha phala, 463
Dirgha pu§paka, 487
Dirgha varsdbhu, 461
Dirghika, 482, 502
Dithya, 510
Divari, 469
Z>/vya, 482
i^fvj'a, 534
Divyausadhi, 532
Draksa, 554, 608
Dravanti, 461
Drdvida, 503
Dravida, 515
Drdvidi, 510
Dravi ZoAa, 504
Drdha bijaka, 557
Drond, 482

Drona puspi, 482
Drsad bheda, 472
Drsad garbha, 537
ZVm phala, 519
Dagdha, 602

bhaksya, 612
Dugdhi,4%\
Dugdhikd, 481
Duhpradharsini, 455
Duhpraharsd, 558
Duhputra, 514
Duhsparsa, 455, 460
Durdlabha, 460
i>wr<2 mzZ/a, 460
Z>«r<? ro/za, 558
Durdroha, 567
Duravagraha, 480
Durbdld, 550
Durdhara, 451
Durga, 514
Durjara, 574
Durlabha, 515
Durmand, 489
Durmdsd, 483
Dfinrf, 489
Durvata, 459
Z)m#<5, 473
Dv(/«, 510
Dvy'<z kutsaka, 544
Dvija pnya, 478
Dvipa, 550
Dvipadd, 523
Dvipa sambhavd, 558
Dvipikd, 469
Dvijdngikd, 463

Edagaja, 475
Ekdngi, 515
E/a, 510-11

680

Materia Medica

Ela valu, 509
Ela valuka, 509
Eranda, 459,
Eranda, 461
Evaluka, 509

Gaireya, 534
Gairika, 532
Go/a bhaksya, 548
(So/a cirbhifa, 462
Gaja kanta, 550
Gaja pddapa, 542
Ga/a pippalT, 498
Gajara, 595
Gajdsana, 541
Galodha, 519
Gamhhari, 453, 454
Ganda durva, 489
Gandaru, 593
Garidha, 531
Gandha garbha, 452
Gandha karira, 479
Garidha mamsi, 512
Gandha mulaka, 512, 515
Gandha millini, 515
Gandha nakuli, 468, 479
Gandha pitaka, 531
Gandha rasa, 535
Gadha s&raka, 508
Gandha vira, 548
Gandhadhya, 515
Gandhaka, 531
Gandhamat puspa, 543
Gandharva hastaka, 459
GandhSsma, 531
Gandhavati, 515
Gandhi velika, 507
Gandhotkata, 524
Gandhottamd, 604

Gandiri, 604
Ganeruka, 523, 549
Gdngeruka, 572
Gangeruki, 470
Ganikd, 521
Ganikarika, 523
Gtf/z/a, 489
Garagari, 478
Garbha kantaka, 566
Garbha kara, 480
Garbha patani, 488
Garbha patT, 550
Gardhabhandaka, 542
Garw* ma/, 537
Gauda pdsSna, 538
Gauda vastuka, 592
Gawra, 519, 547
Gaura druma, 549
Gown, 475, 516, 524
Gautami, 516
Gavadani, 462, 485
Gavedhuka, 470, 532
Gayatri, 545
Ghallaka, 604
Gtena, 472, 510, 530, 531
Ghana skandha, 582
Ghana tvaksara, 478
G/z<7«e /7/ra/a, 477
Ghanta, 548
Ghanta sabda, 476
Ghantalika, 574
Gfotfl, 574
G/zo/a, 603
Ghonta, 560
Ghontali, 589
G/icwa, 498, 501
Gfy-ta, 603

jw&va bhaksya, 612
Ghrtapura, 613

Index

681

Ghr ta varnaka, 549
Ghana priyd. 461
Girija, 534
Girijatu, 534
Girika, 464
G/n karnikd, 485
Girt mallika, 465
Gfn mrf, 532
Girt Sdnujd, 476
Gifisdhvaya, 534
GoMf, 482
Godanta, 532
Godhuma bhaksya, 611
Godhd skandha, 545
Gojihvd, 482
Go/Y&a, 482
Gokanfaka, 454
Gokarnd, 468
Goksura, 454, 455
Go/5, 532
Go//*5, 590
Go/omf, 489, 501
Gomeda, 536
Gopa kanya, 459
Go^a va//F, 459
Gopdngana, 459
Gopitta sambhava. 516
Goraksa, 574
Gorasa, 603
Gorocand, 516
Gosirsa, 508
Gostani, 554
Gofra puspaka, 547
Go/ra vitapl, 547
Grahi, 555
Grama kanda, 598
Grdmya, 463, 524
Granthi parna{t), 515
Granthika, 564

Granthika mula, 497
Granthika. patra, 512
Granthila, 595
Granthimdn, 597
Granthimat phala, 566
Granthini, 559
Grha kanya, 488
Grismakd, 522
Grnjana, 596, 597
Gw/i, 473, 598
" Gucchd phala, 544
Gucha puspa, 549
G«</J, 554
Gw(fa patraka, 604
Guda phala, 544
Gwtfa fva/fc, 510
Guda yukta bhaksya, 611
Guddmayahara, 597
Gudha patra, 595
Gudha puspaka, 565
Guduci, 452
Guggulu, 514
Gu/ia, 454
Gw/ya, 483
Gupta sneha, 463

Haimavati, 451, 452, 501
ila/inz, 488
Hallaka, 519
Hamsa padi, 478
Hanu, 517
Hanurndga, 517
Hapusd, 501
Zfara, 604
f/ara 6f/a, 531
Hara Aura, 554
Harenuka, 513
.Han bhadraka, All
Harita chada, 596

682

Haridra, 475, 549
Haridraka, 549
Hariri mani, 537
Harinf, 521
Haritala, 532
Harltaki, 450-51
Hari valuka, 509
Han vasa, 541
Harsani, 480
Hastaluka, 599
Hasfi g/iosa, 589
Hasti'kanda, 595
Hasfz /«?r«<z, 459
Hasfi fco/i, 560
Hasti magadha, 498
itoft mayuraka, 499
jiataka, 511, 529
Havfe, 498, 603
Haya pucchika, 458
HayamgavTna, 603
Jf«iia, 511,529
ffema dugha, 465, 542
Hemanidhi, 531
Hemahvd, 465
Hijjala, 544
Hima mocika, 486
jffmwt valuka, 507
Himavatl, 465
Himopala, 507
JET/rfci*. 502
jJ/ngM /rartrf, 502
Eingula, 533
i?z><5, 536
Jffra kasmarl, 453
Hiraka, 536
Hiraiiya, 529

if/to, 467
Holaka, 622
Hrasva badara, 561

Materia Medica

Hrasva pathoja, 519
Hrasva phala, 565
Hrsvanga, 457
JffrflSVfl, 574, 577
Hrdya gandhaka, 503
Hrfvera, 512 -
Hutabhuk, 498-
Hyahya tala, 517

///a/a, 544
JTesu, 604

vikara, 604
/Arsu gandhika, A17>
Jksu vallT, 473
J k sura, 485
Indari, 618
Indivara, 519
J«^fra varum, 462
/radra jaw, 465
Indrahva, 462
Indrairvaru, 462
Indraksa, 457
Ihgudi, 548
Irimeda, 545
Tsafca, 489

Jagatyahva, 517
Ja/a, 602
/a/a cara, 537
7a/a gojaka, 569
Ja/a kama, 481
Ja/a kanda, 599
Ja/a vetasa, 544
Jalauka sarhvrta, 544
Ja/f, 59J
Ja/mf, 478, 589
Jambhala, 575
JambhTla, 575
Jambiraka, 575

Index

683

Jambu, 556
Jamba nada, 511, 529
Jambuka, 521
Jamuna, 534
Janarii, 517
Jangala, 478, 508
Jangini, 547
Ja«f, 517
Jantuda, 517
Jian/u banana, 50 1
Jantuka, 502
Jantu ndSana, 500
«7a«/M vrksa, 542, 581
Ja/xz, 523

pvspa, 523

rakta, 523
Jarana, 499, 502
Jarjjara, 596
Jiz/<2, 451, 512
J<2?a mdmsi, 512
•Tata rupdka, 529
Jatayu, 514
Jetf, 520

&0ja, 509

j?afrv, 509

/j/za/a, 509

suta, 509
Jtf///«, 501
JavahvS, 500
Javani, 500
Javdhlya, 500
Javasdhvd, 500

Jaja, 450, 452, 480, 486, 489
Jayantika, 520
Jayapala, 461
/e/a phala, 565
Jihma, 516
Jihmuta, 478
//«£«, 547

Jingini, 547
Jlraka, 499

iveta, 499
7fra (krsnd), 499
/fraa vdluka, 478
7zV<2, 457
/fva bhadrd, 457
Jivaka, 457, 458
Jivana, 602
JTvanf, 457
Jivamya, 451, 457
Jlvaniya gana, 458
Jivantaka, 591
JTvanti, 452, 457, 458
Jzva vardhinT, 457
Jvara ndsim, 414
Jvardntaka, 464
./Vara vinasim, 452
Jyotismati, 470
J>>0# ,«>»j<2, 508

i^ca, 504, 512, 538
bhajana, 538
lavana, 504
sambhava, 504
Kacata, 482
Kacchapdlikd, 544
Kacchura, 460
Kacha gandha, 599
2&Mfoff, 559
Kadamba, 543
Kadamba puspT, 460
i&2£5, 477, 558
JKa&a ballabhd, 556
.Kafca janghd, 477
.Kafca kustha, 465
Kaka pilu, 564
&zfca pilukd, 483
JKto tffo<5, 550

684

Materia Medica

Kaka vallan, 489
KairavinI, 518
Kakamaci, 477
Kakanantika, 483
Kakatikta, All
Kakayu, 489
Kakini, All
Kakodumbarika, 570
Kakoll, 456, 457, 458
Kakubha, 543
Kala, 462, 533
Za/a mala, 525
Xa/a me«, 462
Kala mesikd, 474, 475
jO/a parni, 462
JK/a i<5foz, 486, 592, 594
Kala sara, 564
Kala skandha, 545
Kalaseya, 603
Za/aif, 454
Kalavrntika, 453
Kalhdra, 519
Kalidruma, 451
Kalihari, 488

.Kaflfca, 463, 486, 500, 501, 592
Kalinda, 587
Kalinga, 465, 587
Kaliyaka, 508
■Kiz/pa, 604
Kama bija, All
Kama diiti, 453
Kamahva, 580
Kamala, 518
kesara, 519

Kamandalu, 542
iTcwa torw, 483
jO/na vallabha, 555
.Kama vrksaka, 483
Kambhari, 453

Karhbojl, 458
Kambu, 536
Kambu mdlini, 480
Kambu puspi, 480, 481
Kdmini, 483
Kafnkola, 510
Kamksi, 535
Kamkusfha, 465
Kamkusthaka, 465
Kampila (led), 461
Kampolaka priya, 5A6
Kamsya, 530
fizp£, 497

mw/flf, 497
Kana jiraka, 499
JGwiafcar, 488,511, 529
Kanaka k§irl, 465
Kancana, 511, 522, 529
Kahcanaka, 466
Kancana ksirl, 465
Kancana puspikd 520
KdHcandhvaya, 519
Kdncanara, A66
Kancani, 489

Zantfa, 597
JKandbt vtf//f, 473
Kandaka, 598
Kandala, 480, 597
Kandara, 592
Kandardla, 570
Kandaruha, 463
Kandatikta, 464
Kandausadha, 496
Kandhu, 561
Kandhuka, 561
Kandira, 592
Kandu, 514
Kanduka, 589
Kanguni, 470

Index

685

Kanxna, 478
Kanta, 548
Kdnta pd$ana, 538
Kanfa phala, 454
Kantdhvd, 513
Kanfakddhyd, 549
Kantakdri, 455
Kantaki, 452, 548, 558
Kantaki lata, 588.
Kantaki phala, 566
Kantakini, 455
Kantdrikdy 455
Kanyd, 510
Kapardikd, 537
Kaphanjikd, 461
JBar/rf, 509, 579
Kapi druma, 512
£zpz kacchu, 480
J&z/H /oAa, 530
jKffpi pippali, 460
Xarpz/a, 509, 530, 551
Kapila, 513
Kapitana, 543
Kapittha, 579, 580

parn, 579
Kapittharjaka, 525
Kapota vankd, 482
Kapota varna, 510
.Kara c/ttttfa, 545
Karabha priya, 544
Karahari, 548
Karahdta, 465, 484
Kardhataka, 520
Kardla, 501, 525
Karamarda, 578
Kararh vara, 548
Karanja, 549
Karanji, 550
Xflra/F, 530, 560

Kdravellaka, 590

Karavelli, 590

IsTaravf, 498, 499, 500, 502

Karavira(ka), 488

Karcura, 515

Kariraka, 595

Karkandhu, 561

Karkandhu bdndhavd, 560

Karkaru, 587

Karkasa, 595

Karkasa chada, 521, 589, 593

Karkata, 572

Karkata Srngi (ka), 471

Karkafaka, 572

Karkatdkhyd, 471

Karkati, 558, 560, 588

Karkotaka, 590

Karma rahga, 511

Karmdra, 490

Karmuka, 545

Xar«f, 463, 523

Karnikd, 521

Kdrpasa, 486

Karpura, 507, 608

Karsa phala, 451,

Karsini, 465

Karvuddra, 544

Zaia, 487, 489

Kdsaghni, 472

Kasamarda, 595

Kasdyd, 473

Kdseksu, 489

Xoyeru, 599

Kaseruka, 699

Kdsfsa, 533

KdsmarT, 453

Kasmorya, 608

Kdsmari, 453

Kd§mlra, 471, 509

686

Materia Medica

Kastha sariva, 459
Kasfhalu, 599
Kastha pdtald, 453
KasturiQca), 507
Ksirini, 481
Katabhf, 548
Katarhbhaka, 453
Katankateri, 475
Katankati, 475
Kathilla, 590
Kathillaka, 467
Katijara, 525
ifozTz, 516
Katphala, 472
Katu, 477, 497
ifcfu bhadra, 496
ifofu granthi, 497
jKa/M kamkola, 510
Katuparni, 465
.Ka^M sarkard, 504
7T(3?m tumbl, 588
Katubhi, 470
Katuka, 491
Katukata, 496
KatukT, 463
KafurohinT, 463
Katutraya, 491
Kaundinya, 482
Kaunti, 513
Kausika, 514
Kausumbha, 594
Kautaja, 465
■Kauvera, 471
Kavalkola, 470
Kavari, 484
Kdyasthd, 451, 456
-STeia A/-? phala, 550
Xeia musfika, 464
Kesa ranjana, 476, 511

JsTeiara, 519, 522
Kesari, 466, 573
■Kaff, 469, 512
J&/5, 569
Ketaki, 521
i&jw, 598
Keyukd, 598
Khadird, 479, 545
Khalinx, 479
Khanda, 531
Khariddmalaka, 607
Khandamra, 607
XAara, 537
Khara manjari, 460
Khara parnini, 482
Khara patra, 524
Khara puspa, 500
isf/jara itf/fcor, 472
Khara vdtikd, 53 7
Khara yastika, 469
Khardhva, 499
Kharbuja, 567
Khar jar a, 514
Kharju, 558
Kharjura, 608
Kharjun, 479
Kharjurikd, 558
Kharparikd tuttha, 532
Khasakhasa, 490-91
r/7a, 490

.Kfazft 538
Khatikd, 538
Khafini, 538
Khatvahga, 453
Khecara, 533
JT/tedb, 512
XAwra, 517
Khuraka, 530
Khurdsdni yavdni, 490

Index

687

Kicaka, 490
Kila druma, 470
KTldla, 602
Kilasa, 590
Kilfma, 470
Kimkini, 564
Kim kirata, 546
Kimkirataka, 485
Kithnubdlaka, 465
Kimsuka, 546
Kinihi, 460
Kinjalka, 519
Kirata, 464

tikta, 464
Kirfti,, 480
Kirmi, 546
KT{a marl, 478
J&7a noma, 478
JGtavo, 488, 514
Xz/z, 500
jKftfa, 531
Klitanaka, 458
Kokanada, 519
Kokildksa, 485
JCo/a, 561
Xofa simbi, 591
isTo/a vallika, 497
Komala valkald, 582
Zoia phala, 560
Kosdmra, 581
KosatakT, 589
i£?/J vrksaka, 465
Koviddra, 466
Krakaca, 595
Kramuka, 581
Krandana, 572
Kravyadi, 512
Krmi phala, 542
Krmighna, 501, 508

Krmijd, 517

Krmika, 581

Krostu ghanfika, 487

Krostu pucchd, 454

Af«ii, 497, 499, 517, 533,

551, 578
Krsna gandha, 596
jKhsna malhkd, 525
Krsna mula, 459
Krsna phala, 475, 591
Krsna vrntika, 453,458
Krsndbija, 587
Krsndguru, 508
Krsndrjaka, 525
Krsnayah mala, 531
jKjrta chidra, 589
X/-/a malaka, 462
.K>fa trana, 416
Krta vedhand, 589
Krtrimaka, 503
Krtrima ratna, 538
Krura, 484

karma, 48 1
Kruraka, 468
Ksanaka, 514
J&sw, 503
Ksdra patra, 591
Ksdra Srestha, 546
Ksdrika, 593
Ksatra vrksa, 523
Ksatriyd, 562
Ksaudra, 605
Ksavaka, 484
Ksetra dutikd, 455
2S£fra, 464, 602
Ksira gandha, 473
Kjfra fcJ&o/f, 456, 457, 458
Kslra pdka, 538
l&fra sukla, 473

688

Materia Medica

Ksira valli, 473

Ksira vrksa, 541, 542

Ksira paldriau, 596

Ksireya, 606

Ksirl, 487, 541, 562, 606

Ksiri vrksa, 562

Ksirini, 456, 465

Ksoda, 589

Ksudra, 455

Ksudra candana, 508

Ksudra Jamba, 556

Ksudra panasa, 566

Ksudra patah, 548

Ksudra phald, 462

Ksudra saha, 458

Ksudra tandula, 501

Ksudra varsdbku, 468

Jfrwra, 485, 490

Ksuraka, 454, 485, 523, 537

■Kwi/a kantaka, 545

Kubjaka, 521

ifwca, 561

Kucandana, 517

Kuddala, 466

Kukkura dru, 486

Kukkuta mardaka, 486

Kukkuti, 549

Kula, 532

Kulahala, 460

Kulaja, 579

Kulaka, 593

Kulaputraka, 524

■ATw/F, 466

JTw/tfa, 515

Kulira sriigi, 471

Kulmdsa, 619

Kumaraka, 547

Kumdrl, 480, 488

Kumbha, 461
Kumbha virya, 550
Kumbha yonika, 482
Kumbhi, 472
Kumbhika, 453
Kumkuma, 509
Kumudd, 472
Kumuda, 519
Kumudi, 518
Kumudvati, 518

Kumut, 519

Kunafi, 532

-STunc/", 500

jKTun<&, 522, 523

Kundali, 452, 466

Kundalikd, 618-19

Kunduru, 514

Kunduruki, 548

Kunjan, 473

Kuntati, 481

Kuntha, 524

Kurandi, 594

Kurangaka, 484

Kurangini, 458
Kurantaka, 485
Kuravaka, 485

£wrca sirsaka, 457
.Kt/ra vindaka, 472
iSTwicr, 490
ifttfaff, 466
Kusesaya, 518
Kusimbi, 591
Kusimsipd, 551
Kusmdnda, 587
Kusmdndaki, 587
Kusfha, 471, 529, 531, 59u
Kusfha krntana, 475
Kustumburu, 501
Kusumdnjana, 534

.Index

689

Kusumbhaja, 594
Kufaja, 465 '
Kutamnata, 453
Kutara vahini, 461
Rata sdlmali, 484
Kutheraka, 524
iSTu.ff, 515
Kupnjara, 593
iTwtfra, 593
Kutsdsra, 591
Kuvala, 561
Kuvalaya, 519

jLtfg/iu Mva phalakrti, 568

Laghu kanfakari, 455

Laghu pancamula, 455, 456

Laghu puspa, 521

■LtfgAw samkha, 537

Laghvi, 560

Laguda, 488

Lajjalu, 479

Laksa, 517

Laksa puspa, 521

Laksmand, 455

Laksmi, 456, 550

Laksmi phala, 452

Lakuca, 566

Lambu, 460

Langali, 480, 488, 557

Laghu badara, 561

Lapsika, 616

Lasuna, 596

Laf<5, 513

Lctfa kasturika mada, 507

Lata p amy a, 510

Lata* pfta/a, 490

jLatfa vrksa, 557

Latahva, 459

Lauha, 531

Z-avc, 510
Lavali, 582
Lavana, 504
Lavanga, 510
Lav any a, 482
ie/f, 531
Lobhaniya, 460
Lodhra, 478
LoAa, 530-31
£o/za karsaka, 538
Lohaja, 531
Lohita, 508
Lomasd, 501
Lomasi, 588
Lonika, 593
LitfigJ, 574
Lwfa, 522

Madadhma karmani, All
Mada kdrini, 490
Madana, 465, 488, 524, 605

phala, 465
Madayantikd, 520
Madhavl, 522, 698
Madhavocita, 510
Madhorduti, 453
Madhu, 458
Madhu cchista, 605
Madhu karkatika, 574
Madhu kostha, 565
Madhu partii, 48 1
Madhu phala, 554
Madhu pupaka, 614
Madhu rasa, 474
Madhu sigru, 551 , 596
Madhu sirsaka, 614
Madhusita, 605
Madhu sravd, 474, 478
Madhu stila, 565

690

Materia Medica

Madhu trna, 604

Madhu yoni, -554

Madhuja, 605

Madhuka, 458, 565, 608

Madhulika, 458

Madhura, 456-57

Madhura gana (group of drugs

having sweet taste), 458
Madhuyasti, 458
Madhvaga, 565
Madhvalu, 599
Madira, 604
Madya, 604
Mc<fy<3 gandha, 522
Madya vasinl, 473
Magadha, 497

m«/o, 498
Magadhi, 497-98
Ma/za Z>fl/a, 469
JWaAa dirgha, 470
Mafia druma, 565, 567
Afa/ja ghord, 471
Mahajali, 589
Maha jalini, 476
Maha jalinikd, 476
Maha.jambu, 556
MaAa kanda, 596
Maha koSataki, 589
JWaM kumbhi, 412
Maha meda, 456-58
Maha mundT, 460
Maha nirhba, 464
Mahaphala, 462, 557, 587, 589
Maha purusa dantika, 469
Maha rasa, 604
Ma/75 jaAa, 458, 521
Maha satavarT, 469
Maha simbitika phala, 568
Mafta skandha, 556

Maha svetd, 473
Maha syama, 478*
Maha taru, 463
Maha tumbi, 588
Maha vrsd, 419
Mahaddala, 592
Maharha, 508
Mahati, 455

Mahat panca inula, 454-56
Mahat prdthsu, 582
Mahaujasi, 470
Mahausadha, 496
Mahausadhl, 482
Maheruna, 548
Mahisaksa, 514
Mahonnati, 543
Mahoraga, 516
Mahotika, 455
Mahotpala, 518
Makanda, 555
Makola, 538
Makostha, 569
Maksika, 532, 605
Afa/a, 517
Mo/aft' 520
Malati jata, 504
Malati patrika, 509
Malati suta, 509
Malavaka, 571
Mdlavikd, 462
Malaya, 516
Malayaja, 508
Mahna, 497
Mo//a, 532
Mallika, 520
Mallikd puspa, 465
Mdlukd patra, 466
Matulanl, 489
Malum, 452

Index

691

Malya puspi, 476
Mamo gupta, 532
Mdrhsa masa, 458
Mdrhsa rohinf, 487
Mamsi, 512
Mcma, 512
Mana kanda, 598
Manahsila, 532
Mdnaka, 598
Manda, 604
Mandaka, 603, 610
Mandala, 488
Mandala chada, 467
Mandala patrika, 551
Mandana, 532
Mandapa kami, 522
Mandara, 487, 548
Manduka parm, 483
Manduki, 482
Mandura, 531
Mangalya, 457, 516, 541
Mani, 456
Mani chidra, 456
Mani mantha, 502
Manikya, 535
Manjistha, 474
Manjula, 414, 570
Manohvlka, 532
Manojndy 480
Manorama, 523
Mantha, 619
Marakata, 537
Mardaka. 475
Marica, 497-98
M&rica, 510
Marica patraka, 545
Mdrjara gandhika, 458
Marjan, 507
Marjika, 607

Marjita, 607
Markafi, 480, 499
Markava, 476
Marudbhava, 460, 592
Mdruhya, 511
Maruka, 524
Maruvaka, 524
Maruvan, 524
Masa bhaksya, 611
Masa parni, 458
Masura, 462
Mara, 488
Mathita, 603
Matsyddani, 482
Matsya gandha, 489
Matsya gandhi, 482
Matsya gandhika, 501
Matsya kali, 593
Malsydndikd, 604
Matsya pitta, 463
Matsydksi, 482, 489
Mdtula, 488
Mdtulunga, 573
Mauktika, 535
Mauktika mandira, 537
Mdyika, 473
Mayura jahgha, 453
Mayura iikhd, 487
Mayurahva sikha, 487
Mayuraka, 460
Mecaka, 514
■A/etfJ, 456-58
Medhyd, 481, 516
Medmi, 520
Megha ndda, 592
Megha puspa, 544
Meghdbha, 556
Meghdkhya, 472
jkfe/a, 463

692

Materia Medica

Mesa kusuma, 475
Mesa sfrigT, 467
Mesa valli, 467
MethiQca), 499
Minandi, 604
MisT, 498
Misra, 499
Misreya, 499
Jl/w/<7, 588-89
Mldyini, 522
Mlecha, 533
Mlecha mukha, 530
Moca, 548-49, 559

nirydsaka, 484

rasa, 484

•sr<M, 484
Mocaka, 484
AfoJa, 499
Modaka, 617
Modaki, 547
Moha nasini, 485
Moham, 479
Morata, 474
Motika, 535
Mrdahga phalini, 589
il/riw c/za<fa, 486, 558
A//y/« kanfaka, 485
Mrdu phala, 563
Mrdu puspa, 543
Af/vfu frafc, 546
Mrdula, 558
MfdvTka, 554
-Mfga lendaka, 572
A//-ga mada, 507
Af/-ga ndfifc/, 507
Afrg'a jwc/za #,&*, 572
Mj-gdndaja, 507
Mfnala, 520
Mftyu puspaka, 604

Muca £««<&, 523
Mucilindaka, 562
Mudga parni, 458
Mukha, dusaka, 596
Mukha mandana, 523
AfufcAf, 452
AfMfc*<J, 520, 535

/>Aa/a, 535

sphota, 537
Mukulaka, 569
ikfiJ/a, 471
Mulaka, 595
Mundi, 460
Muni, 524
Muni druma, 551
Af«wf nirmita, 59 1
Mm/ii suta, 524
Mum' vallabha, 562
Munika, 482
Munja, 490
Mura, 515
Murvd, 474
Aftt&ff, 479, 598
Musikahva, 461
Muskaka, 548
Mwsfa, 472
Musti pramdna, 568

Nddeya, 543
Nadija, 534
JVarfz fezn/5, 477
Ndditun, 594
JVcga, 511, 530
iVaga 6a/a, 470
Naga bhedana, All
Ndga bhid, All
Naga damani, 480, 483
JVcga danf?, 462
JViaga gandhd, .483

Index

693

Naga garbha, 533
Nagdhvd, 483
Ndgaja, 533
Naga kesaraka, 511
Naga kinjalka, 511
JVaga mata, 532
Ndga puspa, 511
Ndgara, 496, 498
Nagaranga, 574
JVagarf, 590
Naga vallari, 582
JVagmf, 487, 582
Nahusa, 516
Naipala, 464, 530
Naipali, 532
JVafcfei, 517
Nakhdnka, 517
Nakhara, 517
Nakona, 549
Nakta mala, 549
Nakule$ta, 479
Nakuli, 479
JVafo, 490

iVafa, 516
JVa/a, 520
Nalada, 512
iVfl//, 516

Ndlika{a), 467, 516, 594
JVa/z«F, 518
Nalini ruha, 520
Namaskari, 479
Nameru, 470, 512
Namra, 543
Nandana, 470, 512
iVamtf, 542-43
JVamS, 443
Nandint, 513
Nandi padapa, 549
Nandi taru, 547

Narangaka, 574
Narangi, 574
Narayarii, 469
Narikela, 557
Naritikta, 464
Nartaki, 516
Narttaka, 490
JVaja samvedarta, 485
JVa/tf, 490
iSfata bhusana, 532
Natangi, 471
iVa?i, 516
Navanita, 603
Afaw, 546
Nepali, 522
JNfe/a, 464

Netropama phala, 568
Nibuka, 576
Nidigdhikd, 455
Nidrdri, 464
Nija ghosa, 530
Nikocaka, 463, 569
Nikumbha, 461
Nikunjaka, 544
JVzZa, 518, 533
JVT/a wan/, 537
JVF/a maiijari, 467
Nila puspa(a) y 515, 485
Nila puspaka, 467
iVF/a puspT, 580
iSTf/a ratfza, 537
JVf/a sinduka, 467
JVf/a syanda, 485
JVf/f&a, 463
NilinT, 463
Nilotpala, 519
Nirhba, 464
Nimba patrikd, 579
Nimbaraka, 464

694

Materia Medica

Nimba v?ksa, 548

Niaxbuka, 576

Nipa, 543

Nlpa, 602

Nirball phala, 558

Nirbhartsana, 517

Nirgundi, 466-67
Nirjala, 603
Nirloha, 535
Nirmahesvari, 530
Nirmalyd, 515
NTrmedhya, 516
/Visa, 475
Niskuti, 510
Niyarnana, 464
TVr/o/za, 530
Nyagrodha, 541

Osa, 503

Pacarhpaca, 475
Pa&, 517, 564
Pacfa ro/ii, 541
Padapa, 578
iWJ, 477
Padama, 518
£ya, 519
karkati, 519
jjctfra, 471
Padma cdrini, 518
Padma rdga, 536
Padmahva, 518-19
Padmaka, 516
Padmini, 518
Pddyodana, 469
Paittika, 605
Pdkdn, 466
P<j£j>a, 503, 504
Pdkydhva, 504

Palarh(n)kasa y 514, 517
Paldndu, 596
Palanduka, 596
Palahkya, 593
Palasa, 546
Palasi, 515
Pdlevaka, 571
Palindi, 482
Pa///, 604
Pa///.&z, 579
Pam$u bhava, 503

lavana, 503
Panaka, 608
Panasa, 566
Pahcakola, 498
Panca loha, 530
Pancangula, 459
Pandu, 582
Pandu phala, 593
Pandu putri, 513
Pdnduka, 593
Paniya, 602
Pa«£a, 538
Pankaja, 518.
Pankeruha, 518
Papa ce//„ 474
Papa nasdka, 473
Papa nasana, 466
Pdrada, 531
Paramanna, 606
Parankita, 588
Para pita, 521
Parasvadi, 560
Param vqrna, 532
Pdrdvata, All, 531
Pdribhadra, 548
Pdribhadraka, 464, 471
Pdribhdvya, 471
Pdriharya, All

Index

695

Parijata, 470, 548
Pdripela(va), 513
Pari pistaka, 530
Parnika, 454
Parpata(ka), 4 "6
Parpafi, 517
Parxjataka, 484
Pdrthiva, 503
Parusa, 563
Parusaka, 563, 608
PdrvatTyd, 473
Parana, All
Pasana bheda, 472
Pdsavana, 503
Pa/a, 562
Pa/a ra#a, 517
ranjana, 517
Patada, 486
Patala, 531
Patala, 453, 454
PatSla garuda, 491
Pafali puspa, 522
Patanga, 517
PflfM, 474
Paf/ia, 602
Pa//tf, 498
Paihyd, 450
Pato/a, 593
Pafra, 511
Patradhya, 512
Patrairvdru, 588
Pattura, 482, 517
Pa?«, 484
Patuttama, 502
Paundrdhva, 516
Pawra, 471, 535
Pauskara, 471
Pauskarahva, 471

Paufkardnghrikd, 471
Pavitra, 550
Payas, 602
Payasa, 606
Payasvim, 456, 473
P/w/o, 578
P/wr/a, 577
Phala puraka, 573
Phala raja, 567
P/zo/a varttula, 587
P/za/e ra/ia, 453
Phalini, 513
Phalottamd, 451, 554
Phaluka, 598
Phanija, 579
Phanijjaka, 524
ittaft/r, 472, 593
Phanjitaka, 593
Phena, 535
Phend, 466
Phenika, 616
Phenila, 550, 561
P/zog-o, 592
Picchd, 484
Picchaka, 484
Plcchila, 544
P/c/zf/a, 549
Pichila bijaka, 577
Pzcm, 486

marda, 464
PzVca bandhu, 555
Pf/«, 544
Pf/w keyukd, 598
PF/w Parnika, 474
P/K(fcz kharjurikd, 558
P/#da musta, 472
Pinda phala, 588
Pinddlii, 484, 599
Pinddra, 484

696

Materia Medica

Pindl, 465, 475, 485
Piridi tagara, 516
Pindita, 509
Pinditaka phala, 465
Pingald, 516
Pingamana, 512
Pingana, 538
Pippala, 541
J»(p,pafi; 497-98

inula, 497
Pisacika, 512
Pitta, 569
Pwimfl, 509
Pi*a, 475
Pita, 508, 536
PFta candana, 508
Pzta rfarw, 475
PFta kalika, 476
Pita loha, 530
Pita phena, 550
Pitapuspa, 520
Pita puspaka, 469, 546
Pita rafcta, 516
Pifa wa, 463, 508
Pita varna, 549
Pfta varnafca, 589
Pita vastrdhva, 509
Pita vrksaka, 512
Pitadru, 475
Pltaka, 531
Pitani, 454
Pitraha, 476
Pttta, 597
Pittala, 530
Pfvarl, 469
Plaksa, 542
Plavaga, 543
Plihari{i), 484, 486
Po/i&a, 610

Potaki, 593
Potikd, 595
Prabhadraka, 464, 548
Prabhu, 531
Praci nagara, 452
PracTnamalaka, 452
PrdcindmbasthakI, 474
Pragraha, 463
Prahasanti, 522
Prahlddini, 478
Prakdsana, 530
Prakirna, 550
Pramathd, 451
Pramodini, 473
Prdnada, 451
Pranalaka, 591
Pr apathy a, 451
Prapaundarika, 516
Prapitaka, 589
Prapunnada, 475
Prapunnata, 475
Prapunndta, 582
PrarohT, 542
Prasddaka, 591
Prasdranf, 468
Prasravana, 602
Pratdnikd, 459, 468
Pratarsana, 543
Prart visa, 477
Prafz visnuka, 523
Pratyak pu$pf, 460
Pratyak srera, 461
Prav&la, 535
Pravrsenya, 543
PrTtikd, 507
Priydla ; 562
Priyam badd, 520
Priyam jiva, 453
Priyangu, 513.

Index

697

Prsni parni, 454-55
Prthak parni, 454, 474
Prthivi bhava, 503
Prthivi kanda, 598
Prthu chada, 570
Prthu simba, 453
Prthustanvi, 502
Prthuka, 622
Prthvi, 500

Prthvikaia), 467, 500, 502
Prja, 542
Puga, 581
Pugi phala, 581
Punarbhu, 467
Punarnavd, 467-68
Pundarika, 516, 518
Punndga, 522
Pura, 514
Puruhuta, 465
Puskara jafa, 471

mw/a, 471
Puskare ruha, 518
jPwjpa, 592
Puspa gandhd, 52 1
Puspa kasisa, 533
P«5/>a &e*«, 534
Puspa mrtyu, 490
Puspa phala, 587
Puspa rasa, 605
Puspdnjana, 534
Puspdsava, 605
Puspendra, 522
Pustaka simbikd, 591
P«/a, 513
Pa tana, 451, 512
Pflri, 500
Pftfz rfarw, 470
P3/z mayiiraka. 5.00
Puti parna, 550

Pwfr vardhana, 500
P«tf varvara, 484
Pf/fi* vara, 507
Pita' vrfcsa, 470
Puti phala, 475
Putika, 550
Putrada, 487
Putrahjiva, 480

Raivati, 479

jRo/fl £a/a, 468

Raja jambu, 556

Pa/a kadamba, 543

Pa/a karkap', 558

Pq/a kaseruka, 472, 599, 699

Raja kosataki, 589

Pc/a man, 593

Pa/a nirhbuka, 576

Raja putraka, 580

Piz/a /wfrf, 588

Pa/a vrksa, 462

Rajdhvd, 562

Rdjaldbu, 588

Rajdmra, 580

Rajamrastaka, 580

Rajani, 475, 530

Rdjdrha, 487, 508

Rajas, 531

Rajata, 529

Pa/7, 520

phala, 593
Rdjlva, 518
Raksd bija, 550
Pa&ffi, 487, 592
Pa&ta, 533, 536
Rdkta apamarga, 460
Rakta blja, 524
Rakta candana, 508
Rakta cumaka, 461

698

Materia Medica

Rakta danda, 459
Rakta druma, 517
Rakta eranda, 459
Rakta gandhika, 519
Rakta ghna, 484
Rakta kandaka, 599
Rakta kastha, 517

Rakta kusuma, 560
Rakta nala, 591
Rakta padT, 478
Rakta pddikd, 479
Rakta pasdna, 532
Rakta phala, 460, 541
Rakta phala, 590
Rakta punarnavd, 467

itafcta puspa, 467, 546, 548
Rakta puspd, 521, 524
Rakta puspaka, 466
Rakta puspika, 549
Rakta raja, 533
Rakta samana, 461
-Ra&te jara, 508, 545
Rakta varnaka, 535
Hafcta yasti, 474
Raktaka, 454, 517, 523
Raktalu, 599
Raktahgi, 474
Raktika, 483
Raktotpala, 519
Ha/a, 514
JRa/na, 577
Ramasenaka, 464
Ramatha, 502
Rambha, 559
Ramya, 522
Ramyaka, 464
Randhri, 490
Rariga, 530
Ranga nayaka, 465

Rangint, 458
Ran/ana, 508
Rahjanaka, 461
Ranjani, 463, 475, 517
Hasa, 531
/Jasa, 465
i?aM, 468, 474
Rsabhaka, 457
Rasagrya, 534
ifcwa'a, 555, 575
Rasala, 554, 607
Rasana, 468
Rasahjana, 534
Rasayana vara, 411
Rdsnd, 468
Rasodbhuta, 534
Rasonaka, 596
Rasottama, 531
Rdstra ndkuli, 455
Rasyd, 468
JRa/Aa, 465
jRata" priyd, 482
Ravana, 564
JRavi" ndmaka, 530
&ftft/, 456-57
Recana, 461, 465
itecf, 461
itenw, 476
Renuka, 513
Rikta puspika, 477

i?//>w, 514
Ritija, 534
Rocana, 516
Rogdhvaya, 471
JRoAf, 484
Rohina, 484
jRo/rtpj, 451, 463
Rohisaka, 471
Rohisa trna, 471

Index

699

Rohita,46i, 484

Rohuaka, 484

Roma, 511

RomaQcd) lavana, 503

Romasa, 511, 599

Roma sakumbhari bhava, 503

Rosana, 531

Rsabhaka, 457, 458

i? W 6z/, 459

Rucaka, 503

i^wcz', 516

Ruci phala, 568

i?«/za, 489

Ruhita, 484

Rukmaka, 529

Rupyaka, 529

Sabhangd, 469

Sacidanta, 473

Sadanga, 454

Sa^c /?/za/a, 452, 542

<SWa />w,g?a, 487, 523

§adava, 606

Sadgrantha, 501, 515

Sadgranthi, 497

Sadpada priyd, 522

Sadusana, 498

Sahdcara, 485

Sahadeva, 469

Sahakara, 555

SahasraksT, 544

Sahasrangi, 544

Sahasra madhuka c/iadd, 487

Sahasra patra, 5 1 8

Sahasra vlryd, 469

Saikhanka, 460

&rf/a, 534, 545

niryasa, 534
Saileya, 513

Sailuka, 544
Sailuka, 544
Sailusa, 452
Saindhava, 502
Saireya, 485
Saireyaka, 485
S'afrfiE, 545
Sakala, 510
Sakatakhya, 547
-Sa&ra Srestha, 457
Safca vfra, 59 1
Sa&a vrksa, 547
Sakata mukha, 473
Sizfc/K, 510
Sakra bhuruha, 465
Sakra ddru, 470
Sakrahva, 465
&!&*«, 620
Sakulddani, 489
55/a, 545, 562

niryasa, 514
Saldfu, 452
Sail, 499
&ztf/a, 602
&z/ma, 499, 520
&J/z Paraf, 454, 455
Sali pista, 610
Sallaka, 453
Sallakiy 548
SalmalT, 549
Salmall patrikd, 549
Sdlmali vestaka, 484
&?«*«. 453, 509, 520
Salilka kantaka, 460
Salyaka, 465
Salya parni, 456
Samam chada, 582
Samdmsa, 469
Samangd, 474, 479

702

Materia Medica

Sirikrama, 488
Sirisa, 543
Sirisika, 550
Sirna vrnta, 589
Sisa, 530
Sista, 489
Sita, 554
Sz7a, 470

Sita{a), 462, 502, 604
5zY5 aparajita, 485
,£jfa 6/tfra, 467
Sitabhra, 507
Sitahvaya, 507
Sitaka, 546
S7/a foz«, 489
SzYa ksudra, 455
Sffa nalina, 508
Sfifa jpafef, 469
Szta puspa, 571
^ffa rc/a, 507
Sitasiva, 499
Sft<? ifngf, 477
Sitopald, 604

&va(a), 450-51, 472, 514, 550

Szva sekhara, 522

Sivatika, 468

Skandapa, 541

Skandha phala, 558

Slaksna tvak, 466

Slesmataka, 544

Swift* fc«/a, 593

Swrtf /wra, 481

5ne^a v/-/f J«, 470

Snigdha chads, 560

Snigdha parpi, 474

Snuhi, 463

Sobhana, 465

Soma, 482

Somalika, 618

Soma fcszn, 478

Soma padapa, 472

S^/Ma ra/7, 475

Soma valka, 472

Soma vallari, 482

Soma va//f, 475, 478

Somaka, 587

.&>#a phalini, 4%9

Sosana, 563

Sphatika(a), 507, 535, 536

Sphatikomala, 536

Sphaurya, 564

Sprkka(a), 471, 515

Sprstlka, 476

Sreni, 558

Sresfha, 451

S>eja.sf, 451, 468, 474, 498

Sfgala vit, 454

Srgalika, 473

SVz gtf/ta, 518

Srf fc/-', 545

Sri man, 523, 549

^/■j mar?, 466

Srz maf, 533

Srf marl, 522

&•? nivasa, 512

Sriparw, 453,472

Srfpati, 549

Sri phala(a), 451, 463

Sri puspa, 510

Sri vasa, 512

Srfc, 515

Smgara, 510

Srng&ra bhUsana, 533

SrngataQcd), 599

Srngavera, 496

tf/Tjgf, 457, 471

SVngf namni, 471

Srotoja, 533

Index

703

Sthala srngdfa, 454
Sthalya, 453
Sthauneyaka, 514
Sthavira, 513
Sthira, 454
Sthula bhantaki, 455
SfM/a garbha, 490
Sthula kanda, 598
Sthula phala, 549
Sthula puspa, 522
Sthulaild, 510
Sthulajdji, 500
Styanam payas, 602
S'l/Ma, 502
Sucikd puspa, 521
5wcJ mukhl, 473
Sucyagra, 490
Suddha(a), 502, 604
Stft&a, 504, 604

ksara, 504
Sudhdvdsa, 588
Sugandha mula, 461, 582
Sugandfidksa, 503
Sugandhika (a), 471, 485, 499
SugandhinT, 521
Suhrttrdnd, 476
^wAra chada, 514
£w£a M<zya, 453
Suka parna, 514
Swfoz ^M7>fl 560
Suka puspa, 515
^wAra vrksa, 543
Sukahva, 513
Sukdnda, 489
Sukandaka, 590
Sukha varca. 504
Sukhodbhavd, 482
Sukla(d), 452, 473, 499, 523
>Wc/# kanda, 411

Sukodara, 511

Sukomala, 525

Sukosaka, 581

Sukra mdtd, 412

Sukra puspa, 490

Sukra puspikd, 488

Suksma, 592

Suksma nala paldndu, 597

Suksma patrd, 486

Suksma pat raka, 546

Suksma patrikd, 469

Suksmaild, 510

Suksmanaka, 504

&ifcff, 517, 537, 577

Suktija, 535

SWa/tf , 524

Sulomasd, 477

Sw/va, 530

Sumand, 520

Sumusfika, 591

Sundara, 536

Sundika, 548

SwTigf, 592

Sunirjasd, 547

Sunisana, 594

Sunisannaka, 594

Sunthi, 496

Sunyd, 516

Swpa dhupana, 502

Supan, 581

Suphala, 568

Suprabha, 516

Supuspaka, 516

Swra, 604

Swra druma, 470

Surabhi, 522

Surabhi chada, 579

Surana, 591

Surdhva, 470

704

Materia Medica

Surakhyd, 473

Surahgaka, 517

Surasa, 524

Suratna, 529

Suratnaka, 535

Surendra, 597

Surya bhakta, 482

Surya kanta, 536

Surya mani, 536

Surya parni, 458

Stirya vallabha(d), 476, 5 1 8

Siiryahvaya, 417

Suryakhya, 536

Suryavarta, 482

Susena(a), 462, 578

SusavT, 500

Susrdva, 548

iSwta, 531

Skta .wenf, 461

Sutikta, 464

Sutungika, 593

SWaAfi, 468, 479

St-tofcald, 482

Suvarcikd, 504

Suvarna, 529

Suvarna ketaki, 521

Suviraja, 533

Suvratd, 515

Svaccha, 531

Svaccha phala, 501

Svadamstra, 454

Svddu, 574

Svddu kantaka, 454

Svddu mamsi, 456

Svadu masd, 458

Svddu puspikd, 481

Svaduka, 473

Svddvaguru, 508

jSV&frf, 554, 558

Svalpa, 466
Svalpa ghanta, 416
Svalpa kanda, 599
Svalpa kosthaka. 599
Svdmin, 531
Svapdisva, 542
Svara bhedaka, 575
Svarji ksdrd, 504
Svarjika,{a) 504
Svarna bhumika, 510
Svarna gairika, 532
Svarna jati, 520
Svarna ksiri, 465
Svarna puspikd, 521
Svarna varnd, 475, 532
Svarna yuthi, 52 1
Svarna dru 463
Svasanaka, 482
Svastika, 594
Svayarh gupta, 480
&><?fcz, 485
S>eta, 489, 529
SVeta camara, 489
iSVetar candana, 508
,SWa dandd, 4S9
Sveta jati, 520
y^veto kamala, 518
Sveta kantakdri, 455
^e« kumbhikd, 453
iSVeta kusuma, 466
Svetamarhbhoja, 518
^vera marica, 596
Sveta nddi, 538
Sveta nisotha, 461
Sveta puspa, 485, 488
S*veta sara, 545
£Veta syandd, 485
SWta mw/fl, 467
SWta punarnavd, 467

Index

705

Svitra bhesaja, 542
Sydmd, 513
Syama, 411
Syama bhusana, 497
Syama nisotha, 462
Syama vama, 543
Syamaka, 41 1
Syamala, 541
Syandana, 546, 564
Syondka, 453-54

Tagata, 465, 516
raz'/fl kanta, 485
Tk&ra, 603
Ta7a, 532, 567
7a/a mulika, 419, 598
Talapatri, 598
Za/fl pairika, 419
TalTsa, 511

patra, 511
Tamala, 511, 545
Tamalaki, 451
lama rasa, 518
Tdmbula, 582
Tamra, 483
Tamra, 530
Tamra cuda, 486
Tamra mull, 460
Tamra phala, 463
Tamra puspd, 453
Tamra puspi, 473
Tamra sdra, 508
Tamra vatff, 474
Tandri, 502
Tanduld, 501
TanduliyaQca), 592
Tankana, 504
Tanuka, 510
Tapana, 481

TapanTya, 529
Tapasa, 511
Tapasa druma, 548
Tapya, 532
Tapincha, 545
Tapta Iomasa, 533
Tapya, 532
Jara, 529
Taraka, 536
Taraki, 478
Tara/a, 488
Tarangaka, 538
Tarksya, 534
Tdrksa saila, 534
Tarupi. 521
re/a, 470
Tejanya, 470
Tejapatra, 511
Tejasvim, 470
Tejavati, 470
Tffc^a, 490, 497, 524
Tiksna dm, 544
7Tfc^a fcr/a, 584
Tiksna sdra, 565
Tiksna tandtda, 497
TYfcfa, 463
Tiktaka, 481
Tiktottama, 593
17/a taeaa, 490
rz'/aAra, 523
Tilaparna, 508
Tila puspaka, 451
Tilvaka, 478
Tindisa, 591
Tinduka, 564
Tindukdbha phala, 511
Tindukini, 416-11
Tinisa, 546
Tiriniksi, 550

706

Materia Medica

Tirita, 478
Tittidi, 577
Tittidika, 578
Tivra, 490
Todana, 572
Toya, 602
Toya kama, 544
Toya pippali, 482
Trapu, 530
Trapusa, 588
Trapusl, 462, 588
Trayamana, 476
Trayamanaka, 476
Trayanti, 476
Tridanta, 456
Tridivodbhava, 510
Trijatct, 511
TVtfrtf, 454, 599
7W £a«.te, 454
Ttikata, 454, 599
7W &«?*, 504
Trinetra, 531
Tripadikd, 478
7Vz* parm, 454
Tri phala, 451
Triputa, 462, 510, 522
Tn sandhya, 523
7>i sugandhi, 511
TVivrr, 461-62
Trivrta, 462
TVtw, 471
7Wzd! rara, 536
Trna ra/a, 557, 567, 604
7>«a saundika, 547
TVwfz, 510
rrvraf, 546
Tryasra, 461
Tryusana, 497
Tuda, 571

Tugak?m, 502

ra/reif, 502
7W<2, 486
TulasT, 524
Tulasl chada, 512
7Wwz, 549
HawAz", 588
r«/?Jf, 590
Titfiga, 550
r««ga vrfoa, 557
7w«gf, 500
Tungini, 469
7wt«, 549
Tt/nf, 463 -
Tuntuka, 453
Turangakvd, 468
Tan, 488
Turuska, 509
Turu§ka, 490
iKta, 571

Tutthaifi), 463, 532
Tuvara, 533
Tuvaraka, 572
Ji/varf, 535
Tvaci c/wfra, 498
TVacz" saraka, 490
Tvajfc, 510-11
JVafc fcf&f, 502
Tvakoca, 510
rwwrz, 482

XJdaka, 602
Udicya, 512
Udreka, 464
Udumbara, 542
Udumbara cchada, 461
Udupati priya; 5 1 8
Udyalaka, 466
£/gra kanda, 590

Index

707

Ugra gandha, 596
Ugra gandha, 501
Ugra gandhi, 500
Ugra kanda, 590
Urhvi, 622
Unmatta, 488
Upa citrd, 461
Upa kdlikd, 500
Dpa kulya, 497
{7/wz kuncika, 500
£//we visdnikd, 477
Upodikd, 593
Uraga, 530
Urdhva tikta, 464
£/ru puspikd, 416
Usira, 513
[/#ra, 593
£/f/wr/a, 471
Uttana patra, 459

Faca, 501
Vacamcula, 459
Vddara, 486
FaoTiu, 515
Vahlika, 482
rjAfii/, 461
Vahlika, 502
Fata/ m«MF, 488
Fa/2«z ndma, 498
Fatef rucz, 470
FaAw kanta, 543
Fa/w manjan, 524
Vahu patra, 451
Vahupdda, 541
Vahu patraka, 483
Vahu phenika, 466
FaAw /wta, 546
Vahu putrd, 469
Vahu putrikd, 469
Vahula, 510

Vaidala bhaksya, 611
Vaidehi, 497
Vaidurya, 537
Vaijayantika, 452
Vaikuntha, 524
Fizwavf fcs/n, 502
Fa/7 dantaka, 452
Vajikari, 468
Fa/w, 536
Fa/ra kanda, 597
Vajra manthahva, 512
Fo/ra tundailca), 463
Ffl/m va/Zarf, 487
Fayn, 463, 597
Fa/era, 471
Vdkuci, 475
Vakula, 522
Fa/a patra, 460
Fa/a patrikd, 545
Fa/a varjana, 537
JVSZifcS. 470, 473, 485
Fa//aJfcf, 548
FaCT, 499, 582
Fa////a, 497
Fa/w, 589

Valukaifl), 209, 53,
Farm, 486
VarhSa, 490

fcjfrz, 502

rocand, 502
Vamsajd, 502
Vandhva, 490
Fana karnika, 548
Fawa mdlika, ATS, 522
Fa«a methikd, 499
Fana vildsinT, 481
Vanajd, 458
Vanaspati, 541
Vdna-unddna-vdki, 485

708

Materia Medica

Vandaka, 483

Vandha noma, 520

Vandhya, 516, 535

Vandhya karkotaki, 480, 590

Vandhya karkotf, 480

Vandhya yogesvari, 480

Vanga, 530

Vanga sena, 551

Vanira, 543

Vanjula, 543

Vanotsava, 555

Fan sambhuta, 503

Vanya, 513

i^Ma, 500

Vapusa, 501

Vapya, 471

Ftfra(c), 451, 509-10, 514, 534,

549, 564, 594
Fare tikta{a), 414, 476
Fara varnini, 475
Varada, 468
Varaha, 472
Varaha karm, 468
Fara/if, 473, 598

Aandtf, 473
Varanga, 465, 510
Fara/f, 510
Vardhamanaka, 459
Varhina, 516
Fori, 460
Fan, 486, 512
For; cakra, 536
Vari dhara, 472
Van sambhava, 510
Farz" iu&ft", 537
Fan ra//J, 590
Fan/a, 537
Vari kapha, 535
Van's tha, 512

Varna vati, 415
Varna vindsini, 475
Varnya, 509
Varsa kala, 499
Forotf &e/«, 568
Varsika, 476, 534
Vdrsikl, 522
Far/a Ma, 530
Varttikd, 589
Varuda, 567
Far«pa(5), 459, 523
Varunatmajd, 604
Varuna, 547
'Varum, 604
Varvara, 535
Farva«(f), 500, 524
Fa^a, 452
Fara, 472
Vasanta, 451
Vdsanta mandana, 533
VasantajUt 522
Vasanti, 522
Vasira, 460
Fai/ro, 503
Vaspika, 502
Fasfi moifl", 499
Vastika, 499
Vastika parnika, 594
Vastra bhusand, 414
Vastra tagahrt, 533
Vastuka, 591
Vastukdkdrd, 593
Fajw, 503
Fffjy chidra, 456
Vasuratna* 535
Vasuka, 487, 522
Vasuttama, 529
Faiya, 480
Fa.ta, 541

Index

709-

Vataka, 617
Vata patra, 525
Vata patrl, A19
Vata Vairi, 568
Vafi, 542
Vatika sira, 497
Vatsadani, 452
Vatsa gandha, 484
Vatsaka, 465
F<5£y<5, 469
Vatyalaka, 469
Vdtyayani, 469
Vayasoli, 456
Vayastha, 451-52
Vayasyd, 550
Vedhye mukhya, 507

F<?/«, 523

Vellantara, 483
F«ii, 478
Fe««, 490

nihsrta, 604

Vestaka, 512

Fefcwa, 543, 575

Vibhanda, All

Vibhitaka, 451

Fifrf/m, 523, 589

Ftfa, 503

Ffcfa/J, 462

Vidanga, 501

Vidarigandha, 454

Viddrl kanda, 473

Vidarika, 473

Viddha karnika, 474

Vidruma, 535

Vidura, 536

Vigandhd, 501

Fi/flya, 450, 489

Vijaya raktd, 474

V i jay a sdra, 546

KzfauA, 474
Viklrana, 487
Vilodita, 603
Vimala, 466
Vindhya jdta 451
FiWk Ptfrra, 487
V/mta, 524
Fzpra, 543
Fwfi, 456
Ffrfi, 559
Fzra, 471, 513
Virapuspd, 469
Ffrvz sena, 565
Ffra suklika, 456
Ffra vrksa, 481
Viradru, 483
Virana miilaka, 513
Ffrata chad a, 593
Virecl, 463
Fzsa, 477
FtfaZz, 455
VisadanT, 462
Ff,?<zm, 457
Ffaa dhvamsi, 472
F/,svz kantaka, 590
F/ya mustf, 591
Fisa musfika, 464
Ffaa ndsini, 480
Visanika, A61
Visaghna, 592
Visaghni, 485
Ffca puspaka, 465
Ffsa tinduka, 564
Visarada, 522
Visakha, 467
Pwa/tf, 462
Fz'io/ja, 461,488
Fz#nz, 518

710

Materia Medica

Visnu krdnta, 480
Vi&dhani, 463, 551
Visra, 501
Viiva, 496-97, 520
Viivausadha, 496
Visva bhesaja, 496
Visxa deva, 470
Visva gandhika, 501
Visva riipaka, 508
Visyandana, 615
Vit khadira, 545
Vivarnaka, 515
Vodhi padapa, 541
F<?/<? mo/5, 486
P><ot<2 sodhana, 461
KttW/ra, 513
tfarw, 478
FrrfdVrz, 457

sukha, 456
FrAaf j?«spf 476
Krto tikta, 474
Vrksadam, 483
Ffte gandhini, 470
Vrksaka, 473
FrA-Jfl rw/ia 5 483
Frte sarsaka, 482
Frfaa vatff, 473
Frnf5, 417
Vrntaki, 455, 589
F/vzta fcafo, 478
Frata pfta/a, 470
Frs-a, 452, 457
Vrsabhaksi, 462
F/?a, 461,468
Vrscikali, 467
Fra/za bhadra, 463
Frsyc kanda, 419
Vrtta lata, 454
Vukovaka, 522

Fyarf/zz, 517

ghata, 462
Vyaghra, 459
Vyaghra nakha, 517
Vyaghra puccha, 459
Vydghratara, 459
Vyaghn, 455, 564
Fjafo, 498, 588
Fj-o/tf damstrtaka, 454
Vydmaka, 471
Vyadhi samT, 550
F><wfl, 497

rc/rtfl bMsana, 490
Yajhaka, 546
F?/«<z raefa, 478
Yajhanga, 542
Yaksa dhupa, 514
raft,ya vasa, 541
F&a, 460
Fasa/fca, 460
Yasaskari 457
y<3#/ madhu, 458
y"flfj/F madhuka, 458
Fa#/ puspa, 480
Yasfydhva, 458
Fata chada, 559
Yatuka, 517
Yavagraja, 504
Ydvaka, 517
Fava kantaka, 416
Yava ksara, 504
Yavanesta, 598
F5wwif, 490
Favam, 490, 500
Yavanika, 500
F#v&.y<J, 460
Yavasaka, 460
Fcra iw&a, 504

Index 711

Yoga sadhdka, 51 A Yugma patra, 466

Yugala, 471 Yukta rasa, 468

Yugma kantika, 560 .YuthpoS, ggl