CLASSIFICATION OF POISONS 435
(b) Euphorics : Promoting a positive sense of well-
being, e.g. codeine, morphine and derivatives,
opium, pethedine, etc.
(c) Narcotics : Promoting deep sleep and coma, e.g.
barbiturates, bromethal, chloral hydrate, paralde-
hyde, sulphonals, etc.
(ii) Medullary :
Chiefly involving respiratory centre, e.g. codeine,
morphine, their derivatives, opium, ether and most
other general anaesthetics. Terminal stages of
cerebral depressants also.
(iii) Ganglionic, e.g. gelsimium, lobelia, nicotine, etc-
2. Myotropic Poisons: Substances affecting jnuscle cells, directly
or indirectly.
Excitors:
of Cardiac muscles, e.g. adrenaline, digitalis, strophan-
thus, etc.
of Smooth muscles, e.g. barium salts, calabar beans,,
ergot (uterus), physostigmine, prostigmine, etc.
Depressants:
of Cardiac muscles, e.g. aconite, emetine, quinine,
veratrum alkalids, etc.
of Smooth muscles, e.g. nitrites, papavarine.
of Voluntary muscles, e.g. curare.
3. Hepatotropic Poisons, e.g. halogen derivatives like carbon tetra-
chloride, chloroform, etc. Metals and metalloids like anti-
monials, arsenicals, thallium salts, etc. Other (reticulo-endo-
thelial poisons) like cincophen, guanidines, etc.
4. NepTirotropic Poisons: Metallic irritants, e.g. mercury and
thallium salts, etc.
5. Blood Poisons:
Marrow poisons, e.g. antimonials, amidopyrine, arsenicals,
hydantoin derivatives, nitrogen mustard, para-amino-
benzoic acid, sulphonamides, thiouracils, urethane, etc.
Haemolysants, e.g. saponins, viper venoms, etc.
Other (Reticulo^endothelial poisons), e.g. diamino-
diphenyl-sulphone, nitrobenzenes, phenylene diamines.
IE. MISCELLANEOUS :
A. Snake Poisoning.
B. Scorpion Poisoning.
C. Food Poisoning.
The Methods of Administering Pofeoras.—-The following are the methods
by which poisons may be administered into the system: —
1* By the mouth.
2. By inhalation, througt* the air-passages.
3. By afesc^f^<^x ^^migjt tii© sim amd serous
By by&td&gl&'"1^^
ms& t^ & ^©-Itet4: fess than that
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