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CLASSIFICATION OF POISONS                                          435

(b)  Euphorics :    Promoting a positive sense of well-
being,  e.g.   codeine,  morphine  and  derivatives,
opium, pethedine, etc.

(c)  Narcotics :    Promoting deep sleep and coma, e.g.
barbiturates, bromethal, chloral hydrate, paralde-
hyde, sulphonals, etc.

(ii) Medullary :

Chiefly involving respiratory centre, e.g. codeine,
morphine, their derivatives, opium, ether and most
other general anaesthetics. Terminal stages of
cerebral depressants also.

(iii)  Ganglionic, e.g. gelsimium, lobelia, nicotine, etc-

2.   Myotropic Poisons:    Substances affecting jnuscle cells, directly
or indirectly.

Excitors:

of Cardiac muscles, e.g. adrenaline, digitalis, strophan-
thus, etc.

of Smooth muscles, e.g. barium salts, calabar beans,,
ergot (uterus), physostigmine, prostigmine, etc.

Depressants:

of Cardiac muscles,   e.g.  aconite,   emetine,  quinine,
veratrum alkalids, etc.

of Smooth muscles, e.g. nitrites, papavarine.
of Voluntary muscles, e.g. curare.

3.   Hepatotropic Poisons, e.g. halogen derivatives like carbon tetra-
chloride,   chloroform,  etc.   Metals  and  metalloids  like  anti-
monials, arsenicals, thallium salts, etc.   Other  (reticulo-endo-
thelial poisons) like cincophen, guanidines, etc.

4.    NepTirotropic Poisons:    Metallic irritants,  e.g.  mercury and
thallium salts, etc.

5.    Blood Poisons:

Marrow poisons, e.g. antimonials, amidopyrine, arsenicals,
hydantoin derivatives, nitrogen mustard, para-amino-
benzoic acid, sulphonamides, thiouracils, urethane, etc.

Haemolysants, e.g. saponins, viper venoms, etc.

Other (Reticulo^endothelial poisons), e.g. diamino-
diphenyl-sulphone, nitrobenzenes, phenylene diamines.

IE.   MISCELLANEOUS :

A.    Snake Poisoning.

B.    Scorpion Poisoning.

C.    Food Poisoning.

The Methods of Administering Pofeoras.—-The following are the methods
by which poisons may be administered into the system: —
1*   By the mouth.

2.   By inhalation, througt* the air-passages.

3.   By afesc^f^<^x ^^migjt tii© sim amd serous
By by&td&gl&'"1^^

ms& t^          & ^©-Itet4: fess than that

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