Memoirs of the Queensland Museum

Memoirs of the
Queensland Museum.

VOL. IX, PART I.

Issued April 28th, 1927.
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Published by the Authority of the Chief Secretary for Queensland, the Hon. Wm. McCormack.

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EDITED BY THE DIRECTOR, HEBER A. LONGMAN, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S.
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MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou, IX., Parr I.

THE GIANT DINOSAUR: Rhoetosaurus brownei.

By HEBER A. LONGMAN, DIRECTOR, QUEENSLAND MUSEuM.

With Plates I.—V. and Text-figures.

THE genus Rhetosaurus was established by the writer in March, 1926,
for a giant Dinosaur from Jurassic deposits at Durham Downs, Queensland,
‘then only known from a series of caudal vertebre and a few associated
fragments!. Through the courtesy of Mr. Arthur J. Browne, whose name was
associated specifically with this remarkable fossil, I was able to pay a short
visit to the actual site of the discovery in May, 1926. With Mr. Browne’s
assistance very important additional material was found, which adds greatly
to our knowledge of this huge Sauropod. The remains were partly exposed
but mostly buried under soil on a slope near the bank of a small gully,
which runs into Eurombah Creek. At the time of our visit the much abraded
lateral surfaces of about a dozen vertebre could be distinguished on the
surface. Some of these were practically in juxtaposition. These vertebre and
the associated matrix have apparently been weathered out of the original
formation. As the result of spade and mattock work many additional frag-
ments were unearthed, these being irregularly scattered in the soil over an
area of several yards. Fully a ton of material, apart from fragments of
sandstone, was recovered in this way within two days. Should. other fragments
of the same skeleton be present, it seems probable that these may be
uncovered in favourable circumstances after heavy storms.

The specimens were then set on one side for subsequent transit. As the
site was about four miles from the homestead, the fossils had to be conveyed
for some distance over very rough country and across several gullies to
Durham Downs. They were then sent by motor truck some forty miles to
Roma, and subsequently railed to Brisbane. Mr. Browne’s valuable assistance
in arranging for the conveyance of this heavy material is greatly appreciated.

Horizon.—In my previous paper this was designated as ‘“ Walloon
Series, Jurassic, Freshwater’; in this connection references were given to
papers by H. I. Jensen, B. Dunstan, and A. B. Walkom, and the details
need not be repeated here.

Material—The additional specimens comprise about twenty vertebre,
ranging from small sections of centra or arches to fairly complete units. Some

1 Longman, Mem. Queensland Museum, VIII., part 3, 1926, pp. 183-194, Plates
XXIX.-XXXITI.

2 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

of the more complete specimens had sustained transverse fractures, but the
component parts were lying in close association. When uncovered and _ lifted
from the soil, one of the larger vertebre, which appeared to be fairly solid,
fell into scores of pieces. The vertebre discovered include six additional
caudals, the coalesced but very incomplete remains of four sacrals, representa-,
tives of at least seven dorsals, and one cervical. Short sections of a massive
femur were found involved in thick matrix. Scores of fragments, many of
which belonged to the pelvic girdle, were also collected. Some of the specimens
have not yet been sufficiently freed from matrix to be available for descrip-
tion. Many of the smaller fragments, however, consist of abraded bone with
but little matrix adhering.

Matrix.—As in the previously described specimens, the matrix is of two
kinds. The major portion consists of masses of oxidised concretionary clay
ironstone, which can be readily chipped away from the more massive elements.
Underlying this on many of the specimens is a closely-investing, very fine-
grained, calcareous sandstone. This proves most difficult to remove, and, up
to the present, it has been found almost impossible to clear sections of this
natural cement from the more friable contours of the actual fossil, even when
these have been reinforced by shellac solution.

Dorsal Vertebre.—Although the specimens representing the dorsal series
are in a tantalising condition, there is definite evidence that the rib-bearing
vertebre of Rhetosaurus, whilst possessing special features, exhibit the remark-
able characters typical of several other giant Sauropoda. There are lateral
cavities or pleuroceelia in the massive centra, which are opisthoccelous. The
neural arches are very complex, with bracing lamine, small, horizontal,
elevated zygapophysial articulations, and extensive intra-mural cavities. The
main articulating medium is composed of the extensive hyposphene-hypantrum
elements. 7

For purposes of convenience, the five more complete specimens of dorsal
vertebree have been lettered A to E. As will be seen from further descriptions,
vertebra A appears to be one of the anterior units, whilst B, C, D, and E
are from a more posterior region. These massive vertebre attain a vertical
height of 65 cm. in the portion preserved. The average length of the centra
is 18 cm., and the maximum breadth across the expanded articulating surface
is approximately 24 cm.

Although incomplete, the vertical extent of the neural arches above the
floor of the neural canal, even apart from the spine elevations, exceeds the
maximum vertical extent of the centrum.

It is obvious that the vertebre preserved exhibit the great variability
recorded by several authorities for the Sauropoda. There is also evidence of
marked asymmetry in the same specimen, even when all the exigencies of
distortion during fossilization are taken into consideration.

/

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX., Puate I,

Fig. 1. Fig. 2.

Fig. 1.—Anterior Dorsal Vertebra of Rhwtosaurus browne, posterior view.
Fig. 2—Anterior Dorsal Vertebra of Rhatosaurus brownei, lateral view.

(Two-ninths natural size.)
Face page 2.

THE GIANT DINOSAUR—LONGMAN. 3

Specimen A represents a fairly-complete dorsal (Plate I., figs. 1 and 2).
The centrum is much distorted and is obliquely compressed laterally. As both
intervertebral surfaces are preserved the opisthoccelous character of this dorsal
is well shown. This unit is of special interest because it illustrates the
position of the parapophysis for the head of the rib. The parapophysis 1.
situated in the centre of the lateral aspect of the neural arch. It arises from
the infradiapophysial lamina, and forms a prominent buttress, projecting about:
50 mm. from the plane of the arch. This corresponds somewhat with the
position of the parapophyses in Camarasaurus supremus (Osborn and Mook,
-Plate LXXII., No. 3)?, but in our specimen the process is more centrally
situated. Incidentally, it may be noted that this marked variation in the

position of capitular rib facets on the anterior vertebrae may be seen in a
skeleton of a modern crocodile.

The total height of vertebra A, as preserved, is 57 cm. The length of
the centrum is 22 cm., and it has been compressed laterally to about 11 cm.
Had this vertebra not been collected in the same place and at the same
time as the other remains, it might well have been considered as representing

a distinct species. The pleuroccele, which has not been fully outlined from the
matrix, is indistinct on the Plate.

Specimen B consists of a complete although fractured centrum and the
associated half of a second. The neural arches are almost entirely missing.
Specimens C, D, and E represent contiguous vertebrae, the last two being
fairly complete (Plate I1.). The following descriptions of the chief features are
mainly based on the characteristics of these two vertebre.

The Centra.—The opisthocelous character of the massive centra is
distinctly marked, both “balls” and sockets being fairly well shown. There
is a median constriction accompanied by expanded articular surfaces. The
intervertebral articulations appear to have been vertical and the specimens

_ preserved do not suggest any very marked curve in the column in the dorsal
region. Each vertebra has a large oval pleuroccele extending for about two-
thirds the antero-posterior diameter of the centrum, but these are not clearly
shown on the Plates. The lower margin of this pleuroccele is situated some-
what above the middle line of the centrum in D and E. The opening is not
so elongated as that in the dorsals of Ornithopsis.

On the ventral surface of Vertebra B there is a strong blunt keel

running between the expanded articulating surfaces. There is no evidence of a
similar keel on the other specimens.

Neural Canal.—There are extensive intra-mural cavities, now infilled
chiefly with clay-ironstone, near the region of the neural canal, which is

2Osborn & Mook, Mem. Amer. Mus, Nat. Hist., Vol. III., pt. 3, 1921.

4 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

elongate-oval or sub-triangular in section. Owing to distortion there is much
variability, but the canal averages about 55 mm. in height, whilst the base
is about 45 mm. in breadth.

Neural Arch.—In the region of the neural spines all of the specimens
are very distorted, fractured and abraded, and the difficulties of development
and description seemed at first almost insuperable. In specimens C and D the
extensive diapophysial elements have been crushed back towards the median
line. When exposing the laminar structures from the over-lying and under-
lying material, it was found that some of the contours of the actual bones,
had been abraded before being covered with the present matrix. The original
contours are thus in places very obscure. To add to the difficulties, some of
the laminz are extremely thin, and could only be developed after repeated
soakings in adhesive solutions. |

Although no specimen illustrates the complete contours of the spine, it
does not appear to have had great vertical extension. On specimens D and E
there are undoubtedly paired metapophyses, but these are not greatly elevated
and are distinct from the true spine, being part of the diapophysial architec-
ture. There is no evidence for a bifurcated spine in the dorsal region.

The lateral surfaces of the neural arches are mainly composed of a
complex of laminew, which brace the zygapophyses and rib facets, strengthening
the thin walls, behind which are extensive cavities. Of these lamine the
infradiapophysial is more prominent than the pre- and _ post-zygapophysial
structures. There may be an oblique branch from the infradiapophysial lamina,
and in one specimen there is a supplementary branch uniting it to the
horizontal lamina. The associated cavities are relatively shallow, much more
so than in Camarasaurus.

It is impossible accurately to describe the characteristics of the diapophyses
of the posterior dorsals.. Evidently they were situated above or on a level with
the zygapophysial articulations, and, judging from the position of fractured
surfaces, they extended outwards and upwards.

The ZLygapophyses.—These are small articular surfaces occupying an
elevated position. When viewed from both the lateral and intervertebral
planes these surfaces are fairly horizontal. At the lateral borders of the
zygapophyses the breadth of the neural arch is actually greater than the
maximum breadth of the centrum. Each facet is thus widely separated from
the corresponding structure on the other side.

Hyposphene-hypantrum.—The actual hyposphenal elements are extensive
when viewed in transverse section; the breadth may be equal to about two-
thirds of the entire neural arch. Judging from the condition of these elements
as seen in exposed fractures, the contiguous vertebrae of parts of the dorsal
series were almost rigidly articulated. The articular complex, when expozed in
this way, shows the shorn elements of the hyposphene still rigidly adhering

OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX., Puate I. ;

MEMOIRS

Conjoined Dorsal Vertebra of Rhatosaurus brownei. (Two-ninths natural size.)
Face page 4.

THE GIANT DINOSAUR.—LONGMAN. 5

to the hypantral or lateral surfaces. The wedge could not be withdrawn
from the antrum, but sustained transverse fracture when separation was.
enforced during fossilization.

The area is obscure, but the median portion of the upper part of the
hyposphene is broad and much curved on its superior border, when viewed
from the intervertebral plane. This structure is concave, when viewed from
the lateral plane as it is produced downwards between the postzygapophyses.
(specimen D). 7

Incomplete sections of the neural arch, which have been partly cleared
from matrix, bring to mind the difficulties that confronted Hulke when he
first described a fragment from the Wealden as Hucamerotus, which he
subsequently associated with Ornithopsis®, but the upper median portion of the
hyposphene is very different from that of Ornithopsis*, as figured by Hulke
(1880).

From close examination of the five dorsal elements, it is very clear that.
the hyposphene with its associated plates forms an articular complex which
projects greatly over the centrum of the contiguous vertebra. This projection,
however, is confined to the upper portion of the neural arches.

This overlapping of the hyposphenal complex appears to have been far
more marked in the posterior vertebre than in the anterior one denoted as A~
From this evidence it seems certain that the posterior dorsal region of
Rhetosaurus was much more rigidly articulated than the anterior portion. In
other Dinosaurs there is evidence for a flexibility in the fore part of the
body, combined with relative rigidity in the hind part and tail. This has:
been graphically demonstrated by the fine material so fully described by
Osborn and Mook in the monograph on Camarasaurus, where there “‘ were two
distinct presacral regions, one mobile and the other fixed. The mobile region
included the head, the cervicals and the first two dorsals, whilst the fixed
region included the remainder of the dorsals.”’

E. D. Cope, following H.G. Seeley and J. W. Hulke, considered that.
the hollow vertebre were ‘‘ probably penetrated in life by branches from the
lungs’ and that these served as “ floats’? and the solid limb bones and _ tail.
vertebre as “anchors” as they walked in the water’.

As the number of dorsal vertebre varies from 10 in Diplodocus and.
Apatosaurus to 12 in Camarasaurus and 14 in Haplocanthosaurus, the five units.
noted above probably represent about half of the full dorsal series for
Rheetosausus.

3J. W. Hulke, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1870, XXVI., Plate XXIT.
4J. W. Hulke, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1880, XXXVI., Pl. IV.
5E. D. Cope, Syll. Lect. Geol. and Pal., Philadelphia, 1891, p. 43.

6 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Ribs.—No significant remains of ribs are present, but a fragment, taken
from the lateral matrix of the dorsal vertebra A, illustrated a characteristic
enlargement of the rib for capitular and tubercular facets; the latter is verv
incomplete.

Sacral Vertebre—There are remains of four sacral vertebre found
ankylosed in one piece, which was heavily involved in matrix (Plate IIL,
fig. 1). The first and fourth elements in this piece consist of very incomplete
centra, and the anterior may represent a dorso-sacral, or, alternatively, the
posterior may be a caudo-sacral. The centra of the two middle vertebre are
well preserved, but the neural arches are far from complete. A striking feature
of these vertebre is the transverse breadth, which is greater than the length.
In the best-preserved centrum the breadth at the confluence of the ankylosed
vertebre is 23 cm. The length of the two is surprisingly irregular, the anterior
being 16 cm. and the contiguous one 21 cm.

On the lower surface these vertebre are slightly concave, when viewed
laterally, but somewhat less so than in the characteristic dorsals. This lower
surface is very massive; the body is much flattened transversely in this area
and the breadth is a well-marked feature. The infero-lateral areas are, however,
much constricted below the diapophyses.

Although the diapophyses connecting these vertebre with the sacricostal
yoke are not preserved, valuable information regarding their shape and extent
is yielded by exposed areas of fracture, which are angular or | shaped. In
the larger vertebra this area of fracture occupies the greater part of the
lateral area of the centrum. The lower part is a broad band 150 mm. long
and 50 mm. deep; superiorly this band is produced into a median buttress,
which gradually becomes thinner until it merges into the region of the neural
spines. Here it becomes quite laminar. In the more anterior vertebra the
area of fracture denotes a far less massive architecture for the union with the
ilium. On either side of these areas of fracture, the centra are very concave,
and the periphery of the ankylosed intervertebral surfaces stands well out.

The contours of the neural arches are very confused, owing to the
incompleteness of the portions preserved and fractures and compressions. The
area of the neural caral, which was evidently extensive, has been much
distorted. .

At their origin near the centra the neural arches appear to have been
ankylosed with their fellows, but the distal elements of the two central
vertebree appear to have been distinct. The neural arches are partly composed
of oblique laminar buttresses, which appear to overlie portions of corresponding
buttresses of contiguous vertebre. Although the region is decidedly complex,
the ossification is evidently more solid than in the dorsal series. This solidity
was obviously required to strengthen the architecture of the massive pelvic
girdles. The elongated laminar processes resemble in some respects those
figured by Osborn and Mook in Camarasaurus.

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX., Puare III,

Fig. 2.—Cervieal vertebra of Rhetosaurus brownei, superior view.

(Five-eighteenths natural size.)
Face page 6,

THE GIANT DINOSAUR.—LONGMAN, 7

The portion of these sacral vertebra preserved has a total height of
40 cm. Owing to their increase in breadth the centra in this region are almost
circular in section, but they are relatively smaller than the posterior dorsals
and the anterior caudals. There is nc evidence of pleuroceelia.

Caudal Vertebre.—Several additional fragmentary caudal vertebre are
now added to the twenty-two in the original description. The most significant
of these are four which can be placed in serial alignment on the pelvic side
of the consecutive series illustratea last year. Although ‘‘at least one
additional caudal” was anticipated in my first paper, the presence of four
still larger caudals is surprising. These specimens are very much abraded and
do not present special characteristics apart from those previously dealt with
in detail. The fourth attains a maximum height of 53 cm., but the spine is
incomplete.

Pelvic Girdle—Ilium: There are several massive fragments that represent
disrupted and much abraded ilia, but they are not in a condition to admit of
any satisfactory reconstruction. Fragments of the anterior crest and what is
probably the pubic peduncle illustrate the immense size of the ilia, but do not
lend themselves to descriptions that would be of value. An abraded portion
of the iliac periphery of the acetabulum is largely embedded in matrix. It is
evident that this fossil was subjected to intense strains to bring about such
disruption.

Ischia.—No significant additions have been made to the fragments noted
in*my first paper, but it is obvious that the shaft of the ischium was
relatively long and slender. The transverse sections grade from oval to
sub-triangular.

Fubis—Remains of both left and right pubes have been put together
from over a dozen detached fragments and are illustrated in Plate IV., figs. 1
and 2. These pubes are of the massive elongated type of the Camarasaurian
Dinosaurs, sensu latiore, but they do not very closely correspond with the
figures of either Camarasaurus, Brontosaurus, Ornithopsis, Haplocanthosaurus, or
with Diplodocus.

Since the right pubis was photographed, the greater part of the distal
end has been located and freed from matrix. It corresponds in size and
contours with the distal end of the left pubis. It is estimated that these
pubes attained a length of about -1,200 cm., being thus more elongated than
those recorded by Osborn and Mook for Camarasaurus. On the rounded
anterior border each pubis attains a thickness of about 70 mm. The ischial or
posterior border is very incomplete in both specimens, and there is no evidence
of the acetabular surface.

There is no median thickening on the shaft, as in scapule, and the
ischial border is much thinner than the anterior edge. When viewed length-
ways the incomplete ischial border is slightly curved, and in the upper moiety

8 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

of the right pubis, as preserved, there is evidence of an extension which
probably denotes a median symphysis, supplementing the distal. When
viewed anteriorly there is no marked curvature on the shaft as a whole. A
proximal fragment of the right pubis (?) is shown in Plate IV., fig. 2, but it cannot
be placed into actual juxtaposition with the remainder.

The distal expansion is evenly convex. It attains an antero-posterior
diameter of 300 mm. Here the lateral borders are somewhat less thick than
the median region, which attains about 70 mm. in both specimens. There is
evidence on the inner side of a rugose facet for the symphysis. In its distal
contours the pubis of Rhatosaurus is more evenly expanded than that of
Ormthopsis eucamerotus as figured by Hulke*®. In this region it more closely
resembles the pubis of Ornithopsis leedsi (Cetiosaurus), as figured by Seeley,
but our bone is more elongated’.

In comparison with the massive fragments of the ilia the pubic and
ischial remains seem slight.

Femur.—(Text figures 1-4). In my previous paper only two fragments
from the shaft of the large femur were available, and these were described
and illustrated. Most fortunately, Mr. A. J. Browne and I were able to find
five additional sections from the same bone. These were not found in juxta-
position, but were scattered over the site of the fossil and were only discovered
when yards of the superficial soil had been removed. These sections were
heavily involved in matrix, and, in addition, a much abraded fragment of
rib was crushed obliquely into the head of the bone. When freed from
matrix it was obvious that these five sections formed with the two received
in 1925 an almost complete right femur. As will be seen, the dimensions of
this huge bone fully justify the forecast made from the sections of the femoral
shaft in the first paper, when a length of over five feet was suggested.

The femur is a massive bone, the main contours of which are somewhat
similar to that of Camarasaurus as described and figured by Osborn and Mook
(loc. cit). The shaft is solid throughout, as is demonstrated by examination
of the transverse sections exposed. The more central portions of the bone,
however, are coarsely cancellous and in places almost spongy. The platey
structure of the periphery of the shaft, when freed from matrix, showed a
tendency to fracture into small elongated pieces until reinforced by adhesive
solutions. —

Unfortunately the distal end is still incomplete. There is a deep
intercondylar groove, which gives evidence of large external and_ internal
condyles. Judging from the broken curves these do not appear, however, to
have been as massive and overhanging as in “ Atlantosaurus”’ as figured by

6 J. W. Hulke, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. XXXVIIT, 1882, Plate XIV.
7H. G. Seeley, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., XLV., 1889, p. 392.

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX., Puate IV,

Fig. 2.

Fig. 1.—Left Pubis of Rhetosaurus brownei, (ixternal view.)
Fig. 2.—Right Pubis of Rhetosaurus brownet,
(Two-ninths natural size.) é Face page 8.

THE GIANT DINOSAUR—LONGMAN.

gu

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Text-fig. 1—Femur of Rhetosaurus brownei,

10 . MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Marsh, Plate XVI8, but more closely resemble the distal ends of Camarasaurus
and Cetiosaurus.

The actual length of the preserved portions, as placed in juxtaposition,
is 137-6 cm., or just over four feet six inches. The distal portion has been
tentatively reconstructed, as shown in the accompanying text-figures, making a
total length of just over five feet.

The fourth trochanter is an elongated oval eminence about 150 mm. in
length. The proximal and distal margins rise gradually from the shaft, but
in transverse section (text-fig.3) the eminence is much more abrupt. In this
region the femur attains a maximum circumference of 79 cm., and the bone
is surprisingly thick on its posterior border. The centre of the fourth
trochanter is situated 76 cm. from the head of the bone, and in the recon-
struction the eminence is central.

Text-fig. 2. Text-fig. 3. Text-fig. 4.

Femur of Rhetosaurus brownei.
Text-figure 2,—Section through head,
Text-figure 3.—Section showing maximum contours in region of 4th trochanter.

Text-figure 4.—Section through distal end of preserved portion. (One-eighth natural size.)

In the fourth trochanter of Cetiosaurus leedsi as figured by A. Smith
Woodward® the eminence is situated distinctly nearer to the head, but in
Camarasaurus the position is almost identical with that in Rhetosaurus.

With the exception of the actual summit, the contours of the eminence
in Rhetosaurus are very smooth.

s Marsh, The Dinosaurs of North America, 16th Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Survey, 1896.
®* Smith Woodward, P.Z.8., 1905, p. 242.

THE GIANT DINOSAUR.—LONGMAN. 11

The head of the femur is still somewhat involved in matrix, and there
is evidence that it was somewhat abraded before being fossilized. There does
not appear to have been a marked constriction between the head and the
greater trochanter, for there is a fairly even curve on the proximal end of the
bone. A small prominence may denote the position of the third trochanter.
Below the head, in the region of the first fracture (text-fig. 1) the shaft is
surprisingly thin, although still broad, the minimum constriction here being
only 55 mm.

Dimensions of Femur.—

Total length of preserved portion .. at es 137-6 cm.
Estimated length of complete bone .. re Ran epee eek,
Maximum breadth between parallels of head ss 49 cm.
Maximum breadth of incomplete distal end “2 36 cm.
Maximum circumference at 4th trochanter sa 79 cm.
Average antero-posterior diameter of shaft .. i 29-5 cm.
Average circumference of shaft i ap - 71-5 cm.

The transverse and external contours of the femur may be seen in the
accompanying text figures.

A striking distinction between the femur of Rhetosaurus and that of
‘Cetiosaurus leedsi is the greater robustness of the shaft. In our specimen the
average antero-posterior diameter goes a little over five times into the maximum
length, whereas in Cetiosaurus it goes over six times. The femur of the
English Dinosaur is relatively more slender. The femora of Cetiosaurus figured
and described by Phillips (Diagram CVIII.)!° are also more slender than that
of Rhetosaurus, but not so markedly as in C. leedsi.

The femur of Haplocanthosaurus, as illustrated by Hatcher™, is also
of the elongated type, the transverse diameter of the middle of the shaft
going more than six times into the length, and this American genus obviously
has no close relationship with Rhetosaurw;.

According to W. K. Gregory and C. L. Camp the fourth trochanter is
derived from the distal part of the primitive trochanteric crest and is associated
especially with the following muscles :—Ischio-femoralis, pubi-ischio-femoralis,
posterior and caudi-femoralis!.

Cervical Vertebra.—(Plate III., fig. 2). Owing to its incomplete and
abraded condition and its unusual characteristics, the element considered to

10 Phillips, Geology of Oxford, 1871, p. 280.
11 J, B. Hatcher, Mem. Carn. Mus., II., 1903, p. 27.

12W. K. Gregory and C. L. Camp, Studies in Comparative. Myology and Osteology,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXXVIII., 1918, p. 535.

12 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

be a cervical vertebra has been described last, instead of in its proper
sequence. In several respects this is the most remarkable bone ever studied
by the writer. It brings to mind the records of “the seventies’? when
fragmentary Sauropodous vertebre were first interpreted as basioccipital or
tympanic bones, and of discussions in the Geological Society of London in
which Hulke, Seeley, and Owen took part.

This specimen is of the elongated type of the Sauropodous cervicals,.
being approximately 18 inches (actually 446 mm.) in maximum length. The
maximum height, as preserved, is 230 mm. The anterior hemispherical articular
surface has special and apparently unique features. The spine is posterior in.
position and was probably not bifurcated (incomplete). The centrum has an
extensive pleuroccele, and the supero-lateral borders are produced into horizontal
laminar expansions. There is no hyposphene-hypantrum articulation.

The transverse diameter of the ball (95 mm.) is slightly more than the
vertical. The surface is, broadly, convex, but there is a pronounced wide
median groove, which in its turn bears a central vertical rounded keel. On
either side of the superior termination of this keel, but just within the
articular surface, are two oval studs, each about 15 mm. by 10 mm., which
project about seven mm. beyond the smooth surface of the articular region.
Firmly embedded around but chiefly above these remarkable studs are remains.
of bone crust, which apparently represent material from either the anterior
zygapophyses or from a contiguous vertebral element which has become welded.
into the surface during fossilization. The surface of the studs is rough and
possibly incomplete.

It may be here noted that a median groove on the ball has been
recorded for a cervical and the anterior dorsals of Diplodocus by Hatcher.

The horizontal laminze are continued almost to the articular surface,
but they are here very incomplete. In the anterior region the centrum is.
almost cylindrical and when viewed laterally its superior border is somewhat
convex. In this region there is now no evidence of the neural canal.

An extensive pleurocceele occupies over one-third of the lateral surface of
the centrum, and this is best shown on the left side. Its total length is.
180 mm. and the height averages 50 mm. Advantage was taken of natural
fractures to separate the centrum near the middle, and it was found that the
intra-mural portion consists mainly of clay-ironstone matrix. The lateral and.
ventral walls are very thin, mostly less than 10 mm., but the superior and
supero-lateral walls are considerably thicker. The pleuro-central cavity is much
more extensive than its lateral opening, but there was no positive evidence at
the fracture of an inner wall or a median bar.

In one of the cervical vertebre from Madagascar described by Lydekker

13 J, B. Hatcher, Mem. Carnegie Mus., I., 1901, p. 25.

THE GIANT DINOSAUR.—LONGMAN. 13

as Bothriospondylus madagascariensis the median septum was so thin that it
was broken through!*. Possibly a septum existed between the lateral cavities
of Rhetosaurus, but it has disappeared during fossilization.

The ventral surface of the centrum is abraded in places and _ slightly
distorted, but it is very flat and even somewhat concave in its anterior moiety.
In this respect Rhetosaurus somewhat resembles the vertebra of Ornithopsis as
described by Hulke+, There appears to have been a small infracentral cavity,
but owing to fractures and the bad state of preservation this is not clear.

The walls of the posterior part of the centrum appear to be much
thicker than those of Diplodocus or Camarasaurus.

The lateral surface of the centrum is distinctly concave between the
superior horizontal lamina and the infero-lateral border, which, as in Ornithop-
sis, forms a projecting ledge. The horizontal lamina is fairly straight and is
situated approximately on the supero-lateral line of the centrum. In the
anterior fourth the lamina, although incomplete, is too thin to suggest the
presence of a strong diapophysis. Behind the centre of the bone, the horizontal
lamina is thickened, and is supported by an oblique convex buttress arising
from the posterior region of the centrum. The fractured surface probably
denotes the area of the rib-tubercle attachment, and the buttress would then
be the “‘infradiapophysial lamina” of Osborn. ‘There jis an enlarged area
fractured on the inferior ledge, situated slightly posterior to that noted on the
horizontal lamina, and this probably represents the parapophysis. This is
braced by an oblique convex buttress, coming down from the posterior region
of the centrum. The inferior ledge is_ sub-parallel throughout with the
horizontal lamina,

If the above structures are correctly interpreted, it is obvious that the
cervical ribs of Rhetosaurus are placed more posteriorly than in Diplodocus

or Barosaurus. Lull points out that the position of the diapophysis “ is
neither constant nor progressive ’’ in these Sauropods?®.

The neural arch, which is posterior and not median in position, is
massive and low, but no spinous processes are preserved. The spine was
apparently single, as in the anterior cervicals of Camarasaurus, as recorded by
C. W. Gilmore!’. There are supracentral ridges, or prespinal laminez, at first
parallel and subsequently slightly diverging, which extend forward from the
spine region. For about one-third of the length of the vertebra these enclose
a median longitudinal cavity, which is evidently more extensive than the
neural canal itself. In transverse section these ridges are acutely triangular,

14.R, Lydekker, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., LI., 1895, p. 331.

J, W. Hulke, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., XXXVI., 1880, pp. 31-34.
16 R. §. Lull, Mem. Conn. Acad., VI., 1919, p. 13.

17C, W. Gilmore, Mem. Carn. Mus., X., 1925, p. 369.

14 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

the superior border being thin. Anteriorly they gradually decrease in height:
until they are merged into the body of the centrum. Probably they supported,.
when complete, an extensive arch with a complex floor, as in several other
Sauropods.

There are remains of lateral buttresses or postzygapophysial and_post-
spinal lamine which support the posterior articular region behind the spine..
Part of the posterior region of the vertebra is greatly abraded and the
contours are obscured. The area was so crumbly in places that several tiny
rootlets of plants growing in the soil had found their way into the coarsely
cancellous tissue, which is now fixed by adhesive solution. The actual posterior
surface is flattened and the thick bone here exhibits a well-marked vertical
arrangement of cellular tissue. This is obviously not the articular cup and it
is thought to be adventitious matter from another bone. On the lower surface
of the posterior third the vertebra is thickened laterally by a projection,
which is only preserved on the left-hand side. Owing to the crumbly nature
of the specimen the region of the neural canal is obscured and cannot
be positively traced. The canal was apparently infilled with disrupted tissue
from part of the neural arch.

It is suggested that this bone represents the axis or epistropheus, and
that the curious keeled ball with the projecting studs is the articular surface
for the odontoid, which was only partially ossified to the centrum of the
axis. The remarkable thing, however, is that the studs appear to be within
the smooth—one might say, synovial—surface of the ball. In the axis the
prezygapophyses are, of course, much reduced, but in this specimen the
lamin which supported them are produced almost to the articular surface,
which suggests that the atlas itself would articulate upon a more anterior
process.

C. W. Gilmore has given interesting descriptions and illustrations of the
elements of the axis, atlas and pro-atlas as preserved in Morosaurus agilis.
He considers that an intercentrum is present on the axis, as well as on the
atlas, and that the odontoid has no coalescence with the axis. The posterior
articular surface of the odontoid is described as “slightly cupped,” and _ this
may shed light on our specimen!s, »

A limited or ginglymoid articulation between the odontoid and the axis,
or possibly with an intercentrum, is not improbable, although there is no
parallel for the studs in Rhetosaurus in the extensive series of anterior cervical
structures described in the valuable posthumous work by S. W. Williston
(edited by W. K. Gregory)’.

Although the odontoid is free in the immature specimen of Camara-
saurus described by Gilmore (1925, loc. cit.), Osborn and Mook (1921, p. 294)

18©, W. Gilmore, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 32, 1907, pp. 151-165, Plates XII-XIII.
19§, W. Williston, Osteology of the Reptiles, 1925, pp. 99-105. -

MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX., PLATE V.

Cast of Femur of Rhwtosaurus brownet, with reconstruction of distal end.

(Mr. Marshall, who is standing by the cast made by him, is 5 feet 114 inches.)
Photo., H. W. Mobsby. Face page 14,

THE GIANT DINOSAUR—LONGMAN,. 15

state that the “odontoid process . . . is firmly fixed with the body of
the centrum” in Camarasaurus supremus. According to Holland the odontoid
is partially co-ossified with the centrum in Dziplodocus. There is evidently
variation in Dinosaurs in these conditions?°. ,

An alternative explanation offered for the studs is that they represent
the ossified bases of strong ligaments, possibly connected with the atlas, pro-
atlas, or the skull. In human anatomy we find the superior limb of the
cruciate, the alar and apical ligaments in this area, and Kingsley illustrates
the “transverse ligament ’’ between the dens and the atlas in the common
fowl?!4, Further comparisons need not be made here, but the anterior position

of the studs in Rhetosaurus may suggest strong apical ligaments connected
with the occipital region of the skull.

There is, of course, no positive evidence that this isolated unit comes
from the anterior cervical region and additional material may reveal later
that the entire series of the neck has unique features. At present the articular
surface with its studs can only be conceived as allowing a slight vertical
movement. This specimen has been marked X in the type series.
Unfortunately it does not afford satisfactory material for photographie
illustration or useful reconstruction.

Habits—In the Jurassic period there was a favourable environment in
Australia for the development of a rich Dinosaurian fauna. When summarising
the paleogeography of Triassic and Jurassic times, Sir Edgeworth David
stated that “‘a vast lake stretched from at least as far east as Brisbane more
or less continuously to Lake Eyre, a distance of nearly 1,000 miles’.
Amongst the many references to these extensive fresh-water deposits mention

may be made of the papers of A. B. Walkom (1918)3 and Bryan and White-
house (1926)”4.

It seems evident that the gigantic herbivorous Dinosaurs’ were
amphibious and that they roamed slowly, with unwieldy gait, through the
vast swamps of the Jurassic period, utilising the lengthy and mobile neck
when feeding on the luxuriant vegetation. It is most improbable that they
were expert swimmers or that their habitat was in deep water. Probably
their natural enemies, the carnivorous Dinosaurs, were more terrestrial in
habit, and one may visualise mighty conflicts on the margins of swamps.
The extinction of these giant reptiles may have been brought about by
extreme specialization, perhaps accompanied by an unfavourable change of
environment. In addition to their reptilian enemies, it has been suggested that

20 Holland, Mem. Carn. Mus., II., 1906, p. 248.

"1 J. S. Kingsley, Comp. Anat. Vert., 2nd edit., p. 56.

2T,. W. E. David, Fed. Hdbk. Aus. Brit. Ass. A. A. Sci. Mtg., 1914, p. 251.
23 A. B. Walkom, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., XLIITI., 1918, p. 108.

*4 Bryan and Whitshouse, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld., XXXVIITI., 1926, p. 105.

16 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

some of the primitive mammals, pioneers of the dominant vertebrate group
of the future, played some part in the extinction of these huge Dinosaurs by
preying on their eggs.

Paleogeography.—\It is generally agreed that Australia was connected
with extensive continental masses to the north, probably including Gondwana-
land, in early Mesozoic times. Some authorities recognize the possibility of a
Jurassic land connection with South America, but, on the whole, palzo-
geographic evidence suggests that the affinities of Rhewtosaurus are more likely
to be with Asiatic and European fossils. Schuchert states: ‘‘ Australia became
an island-continent definitely early in the Upper Cretaceous, and probably as
early as Permian time 5. The problem cannot be more than touched on here,
but extensive references will be found in the papers by Walkom (loc. cit.),
Bryan and Whitehouse (loc. cit.) and W. N. Benson?®,

Affinities—There is no evidence for bifurcation in the spines of the
dorsal series of Rhetosaurus as preserved, but these may represent only
posterior units. In the magnificently preserved specimen of Camarasaurus
lentus, described by C. W. Gilmore in 1925, the six posterior dorsals have
uncleft spines as in Ornithopsis and Cetiosaurus. Four of the anterior cervicals
are also single in Gilmore’s specimen. The significance of bifurcated spines
as a diagnostic character was first pointed out by Cope and Hulke in 1879’.

Comparison with European forms is complicated by the number of
genera which were founded in early days on diverse fragments, a system
which, as pointed out by Lydekker in 188875, had “evil results.” Even the
name Cetiosaurus (1842) according to Lydekker?® is antedated by Cardiodon,
which Owen established in his ‘‘ Odontography’’ in 1841, but the _better-
known name has been used here. When describing Ornithopsis leedsit in
1887°° Hulke including in the synonymy of the genus material described by
Owen as Cetiosaurus, Chondrosteosaurus, and Bothriospondylus. Subsequently
O. leedsii itself was placed in Cetiosaurus. As suggested by Seeley and Lydekker,
the genus Ornithopsis may be identical with Mantell’s Pelorosaurus, which was
primarily founded on a large humerus from Sussex in 1850.

There is at present no unanimity as to the allocation of Sauropodous
genera within Families. Marsh, in his studies of the Dinosaurs of North
America, considered that the American Sauropoda were more highly specialized
than those of Europe, and he doubted whether there was any generic identity

*5 Charles Schuchert, Proc. Pan. Pacific Cong., 1923, II., p. 1090.
*6'W. N. Benson, Tr. New Zeal. Inst., Vol. 54, 1923, pp. 1-64.
27J. W. Hulke, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., XXXV., 1879, p. 760.
28 R. Lydekker, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., XLIV., for 1888, p. 60.
29 R. Lydekker, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., XLV., 1889, p. 245.

39 J. W. Hulke, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., XLITI, 1887, p. 695.

THE GIANT DINOSAUR.—LONGMAN. 17

between the two assemblages. In earlier days Owen took exception to Cope’s
use of the new genus Camarasaurus for what he considered to be his
Chondrosteosaurus*!, Zittel included in the Camarasauride*? many European
and American forms, but future revisionary work will probably lead to the
establishment of several clearly-defined families. Although I have _ placed
Rhetosaurus in the Family Camarasauride, this word has been used in the
wide sense, and I have difficulty in differentiating between Cetiosaurian and
Camarasaurian forms. It may be that Rhetosaurus will ultimately need to
be placed in a distinctive Australian Family of the Sauropoda.*

As a result of his extensive and valuable phylogenetic studies, Professor
von Huene considers that the Jurassic and Cretaceous Sauropoda are derived
from Triassic Plateosauridz®? *4,

Conclusions —In my previous paper the affinities of Rhetosaurus were
placed with the Camarasaurus-Cetiosaurus group of the Sauropoda on the
evidence of ‘the caudal vertebre, the Jguanodontide (Ornithischia) being
eliminated. Stress was laid on the special type of hyposphenal articulation
in the caudals, and it was suggested that there was a significant, although not
close, relationship with Camarasaurus, and it was placed in the Family
Camarasauride. It is very pleasing to find that the additional material
entirely confirms this forecast. This is not only borne out by the peculiar,
chambered centra and complex articulations of the dorsal vertebra, but also
by the contours and size of the femur.

Until more satisfactory specimens are found, our knowledge of
Rhetosaurus brownei will be very incomplete. The length of the neck (a
variable feature in this group of Dinosaurs) is conjectural, but the evidence
of the fragmentary but elongated centrum, described in detail, indicates that
the cervical region of the Australian Sauropod was very extensive. In my
first paper, Rhetosaurus was summarised as ‘‘a bulky, herbivorous quadruped,
with dominant hind limbs, a somewhat rigid tail and probably attained over
40 feet in length.” It is now probable that this suggested length will
ultimately prove to be a conservative estimate.

At present our material represents less than one half of a single specimen,
and many of the bones are incomplete and much abraded. One may forecast,

* Since the above was set in type, I have received from Professor Baron Huene the
valuable paper on the classification of the Sauropoda, which appears at the end of this
publication. Following Article 5 of the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, I
have used the family term Camarasauride in preference to Morosauride, the typo bein g
Camarasaurus supremus Cope, published August, 1877.

31 R, Owen, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), II, 1878, p. 211.

82 Zittel’s Text-book of Paleontology, Eng. edit., II., 1902, p. 233.

33 F. von. Huene, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), XVII., 1926, p. 474.

84, von Huene, Geol. u. Pal., Abh., 1926, Bd. 15, Heft 2.

18 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

however, that specimens will eventually be discovered in Australia comparable
to the almost-complete skeletons found in America and Europe. Probably it
will also be found that the bulky, herbivorous Rhetosaurus had to contend with
carnivorous Dinosaurs of the Tyrannosaurus type, and many new forms will be

made known from Australian deposits.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Prate I.

Fig. 1.—Anterior Dorsal Vertebra of Rhewtosaurus brownei, posterior view.

Fig. 2.—Anterior Dorsal Vertebra of Rawtosaurus brownet, lateral view. (Two-ninths natural size.)
Prate II.

Conjoined Dorsal Vertebra of Rhetosaurus brownei. (Two-ninths natural size.)

Puate III.
Fig. 1—Incomplete Sacrum of Rhetosaurus brownei. .
Fig. 2.—Cervical Vertebra of Rhelosaurus brownei, superior view, (Five-eighteenths natural size. /
Prare TY,
Pubes of Rhetosaurus browne, (Two-ninths natural size.)
PLATE V.

Cast of Femur of Rhetosaurus brownei, with reconstruction of distal end.
(Mr. Marshall, who is standing by the cast made by him, is 5 feet 114 inches.)

NEW TINGITOIDEA (HEMIPTERA).—HACKER, 19:

NEW TINGITOIDEA (HEMIPTERA) IN THE
QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

By Henry Hacker, F.E.S.
(PLATES VI-X.)

THIRTEEN species and two genera are here presented as new, bringing
the total number of described Australian species to forty-two. The distribution
of several of the older genera has also been extended. Phatnoma and Stephanitis,
previously known from the Oriental, Ethiopian, and Neotropical regions,
Compseuta and Paracopium, previously known from the Oriental region, and
Gelchossa, known from the Neotropical region, are now all recorded from the
Australian region.

Famity TINGITIDZ.
Division CANTACADERARIA.
Phatnoma cordata n.sp.
(Figure 9.)

Head long, narrowed in front, armed above with four porrect spines,
which are arranged in two pairs, one before the other; buccule long and narrow,
extending in front of the head, reticulated; rostrum long, reaching to the apex
of the third abdominal segment; antenniferous tubercles exteriorly convexly
prolonged into a spine; eyes coarsely facetted, prominent; antenne long and
slender; first segment thin at the extreme base, then suddenly incrassate and
cylindrical; second segment shorter and less stout than the first; third segment
filiform, long and very slender; fourth segment fusiform, as long as the first
and seeond together. Pronotum somewhat depressed on the disc, narrowed and
truneated in front; the lateral margins are strongly carinated and uniseriate ;
from the acute anterior angles the sides are shallowly convex for half their
length, then more strongly convexly widened towards the base. Elytra very
broad, cordate; somewhat convex along the suture, declivous to the outer margin
of the discoidal area, then rising to the margin of the elytra, more steeply
anteriorly; the margin is strongly arcuate at base, convexly curved at sides,
and rather narrowly rounded apically; costal margin uniseriate, areolz
sub-quadrate; costal area broad, of uniform width, containing eight rows of

20 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

areole; discoidal area large, with a central longitudinal carina, from which
branch two transverse carine on each side, the posterior pair sub-oblique; elytra
entirely reticulated ; the areolw rather small, of even size. Legs long and slender.

Colour brownish ochraceous, with dark brown markings as follows :—
A transverse fascia on the costal area before middle; an obscure transverse
fascia at the anteapical fove; a spot at the base of the elytral suture; dark
reticulations in irregular spots, chiefly in the discoidal area; antenne brownish
ochraceous, the fourth segment dark brown; legs, and body beneath, brown.
Length 5 mm., breadth 3 mm.

Habitat —National .Park, Q., October (H. Hacker). Two specimens.
He. 3164.

The second specimen is uniformly pale ochraceous brown, the median
transverse fascia being represented by a slightly darker stain on costa, and the
irregular dark spots on the discoidal area are absent.

Division SERENTHIARIA,
Serenthia vulturna Kirk.
(Figure 17.)

Habitat-—National Park, Q., December; Kobble Creek, Q., December

This species has not been previously figured.

Epimixia aliiophrosyne Kirk.
(Figure 16.)
Habitat —National Park, Q., December; Kobble Creek, Q., December
(H. Hacker).

This species has not been previously figured.

Division TINGITARIA.
Paracopium australicus (Stil).
Catoplatus australicus (Stal).
(Plate VI., Figure 1.)

The colour variation in a series of specimens is considerable, ranging from
pale buff to dark brown, and in three examples to almost black. They generally
present a mottled appearance, due to irregular darker reticulations on the
discoidal and apical areas of the elytra, the alternate light and dark colour of
the carinz, and the costal membrane which is white, while the cross nervlets
and small sections of the costa joing them in twos and threes are dark brown;
the acute point of the posterior process is pale. The entire insect is clothed with
microscopic golden pubescence.

NEW TINGITOIDEA (HEMIPTERA)—HACKER, 21

Habitat—National Park, Q., November; Bunya Mountains, December ;
Southport, November (H. Hacker) Twenty-eight specimens.

This species was doubtfully identified as Catoplatus australicus Stal, and
a photograph of it was forwarded to W. E. China, of the British Museum, who
replied that it was undoubtedly a Paracopium Dist. The photograph was sent
on to the Stockholm Museum, and on being compared with al’s type material
(consisting of three specimens) by Dr. A. Roman, was found to be identical.
It is therefore necessary to transfer Catoplatus australicus Stal, to Paracopium
Dist. .

Paracopium albofasciata n. sp.
(Plate VI., Figure 2.)

Oblong-ovate. Head armed with two spines basally at sides, adpressed ;
vertex transversely ridged, somewhat prominent in the centre; antennx short
and stout, the first segment incrassate, the second segment thinner basally,
shorter than the first, the third segment slightly narrower at base, gradually
becoming thicker apically, one and a-half times longer than the fourth segment,
which is stout, sub-clavate, and microscopically sparsely pilose; the buceule
not prominent; from side view anteriorly rounded. Pronotum closely punctured,
slightly swollen on disc, tricarinate, carine paralleled, the central one percurrent ;
the anterior margin is slightly sinuate, the lateral margins straight, acutely
' earinate; posterior process acute, cellular, areole moderate. LElytra flat,
reticulated; sides very slightly outwardly curved to middle, and then evenly
eurved in towards the rounded apex; costal membrane rather wide, irregularly
biseriate, areole sub-triangular; costal area narrow, triseriate, areole small;
discoidal area with larger areole than costal membrane, borders well defined,
outer border almost straight.

Colour luteo-ochraceous; a pure white tomentose transverse band at the
base of pronotal collar; irregular rows of nervlets brown, chiefly on discoidal
and apical areas; legs and three basal antennal segments, pale ferruginous,
fourth segment black; lateral carina, collar, buccule, pale luteous, carine slightly
darker on the dise. Length 5 mm., breadth 1-5 mm.

Habitat.—Prairie, Q., January (J. Chisholm). Two specimens. He. 3165.

This species differs from P. australicus in possessing two rows of areole
in the costal membrane. The number of rows is not stated by Distant in his
generic diagnosis, nor is it mentioned in the description of his genotype
P. (Dictyonota) cingalensis Walk. In other respects it conforms well with
Paracopium.

Malandiola similis n. sp.

(Plate IX., Figure 11.)

Elongate-ovate, glabrous. Head as long as wide; two small concolorous
spines anteriorly on vertex, close together, adpressed ; antenne moderately long,

22 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

first segment a little longer than the second, both cylindrical; third segment
filiform, about three and a-half times as long as the fourth; fourth segment
slightly shorter than the first and second together, clavate, and finely pubescent ;
buceulew somewhat elevated, closed and rounded in front, rostral groove narrow,
sub-parallel. Pronotum rather long and narrow, closely punctured, lateral
margins carinate anteriorly, and smoothly rounded behind, dise slightly swollen ;
posterior angle acute. Elytra at middle, a little wider than the pronotum, and
extending beyond the abdomen, closely and finely punctured.

General colour pale yellowish brown; head and the two basal antennal
segments, extreme apices of the tibiw, the cox, and mesosternum reddish brown
tarsi brownish black; eyes, and the fourth antennal segment, black. Length
3 mm., breadth 1 mm.

The male is smaller; length 2-5 mm., breadth -75 mm.; the pronotum
and the apical area of the elytra are pale brown, a little darker than in the
female; the second antennal segment is also darker, being reddish brown.

Habitat —Sunnybank, near Brisbane, Q., October (H. Hacker). Fourteen
specimens. fe. 3166.

Close to M. simplex Horv., but differmg from his description in the
absence of a black border at the base of the meso and metasternum; and from
his illustration by a deeper collar, longer pronotum, longer and narrower apical
area.

Teleonemia vulturna Kirk.

Habitat National Park, Q., November; Birkdale, Q., September
(H. Hacker).

Teleonemia summervillei n. sp.

(Plate VI., Figure 4.)

Moderately elongate, subquadrate, thinly clothed with minute golden
appressed pubescence. | |

Head armed with two slender, slightly curved spines, basally at sides,
adpressed ; antenne long, rather stout, and finely pilose; first segment slightly
longer than the second; third segment stoutest apically, a little more than
twice as long as the fourth; fourth segment longer than the first and second
together. Pronotum closely and deeply punctured, dise convex, sides straight ;
lateral edges narrow, rib-like, uniseriate; carine strong, uniserlate, the median
one pereurrent. Elytra longer than the abdomen, sides slightly sinuate; costal
membrane uniseriate, the areolw rather large, sub-quadrate; costal area narrow,
biseriate, the areole small; discoidal area sharply defined, the outer border
slightly sinuate.

General colour dark brown; head and the fourth antennal segment, black ;
the three basal segments dark reddish black; pronotum and ecarine, reddish

NEW TINGITOIDEA (HEMIPTERA).—HACKER. 23

brown; lateral keels of pronotum, and costal membrane of elytra white; the
cross nervlets, and the outer edge at middle and apex, blackish; reticulations
on posterior process and elytra blackish, brown at base of elytra and sides cf
membrane; legs and ventral surface, reddish brown; head spines and buccule,
sordid brown. Length 3-75 mm., breadth 1-25 mm.

Habitat—Palm Island, N.Q., May (W. A. T. Summerville). Four
specimens on Scevola Kenigui Vahl. He. 3167.

The cellular margins on the sides of the pronotum, and the cellular carine,
distinguish this species. It has a general resemblance to the figure of
T. lantane Dist.,* but the antenne are longer and the sides of the elytra are
- slightly less ampliate in the middle.

Ischnotingis setosus n. sp.
(Plate VI., Figure 3.)

Elongate; with fine sparse white pubescence, most distinct on the sides
of the carine, and the inner margins of the discoidal areas. Head armed with
four slightly curved spines; two basally at sides, adpressed, and two smaller
ones close together in front; first antennal segment slightly longer than the
second, both cylindrical and rather stout, third segment filiform, two and a-half
times as long as the fourth segment, which is clavate and about as long as the
first and second segments together. Pronotum closely punctured, the dise
moderately convex, tricarinate, the carine depressed on the disc; lateral margins
straight, constricted in front to the collar, which is the same width as the head
across eyes; posterior process areolated, apically acute. Elytra longer than
the abdomen, the sides slightly sinuate, lateral area narrow, biseriately areolated ;
legs rather short and stout; the femora are provided with four or five erect,
setose bristles, most distinct on the anterior pair.

General colour reddish brown; the two basal antennal segments, femora,
tarsi, and the body beneath, dark ferruginous; the third antennal segment, and
the tibiw, yellowish brown; head including eyes, and the fourth antennal
segment except basally, a transverse band at the base of collar, tarsi, and
claws, black; pronotum and elytra reddish brown, darker about centre of the
elytra, on costal area; a broad transverse fascia embracing the posterior process,
and the base of the elytra; a narrow fascia interrupted in the middle, on the
costal area and the apex of the discoidal cell, whitish. Length 275 mm., breadth
-83 mm.

Habitat—Mount Coot-tha, Q., July, at flowers of Acacia; North Pine
River, October ; Sandgate, Q., August ; National Park, Q., November (H. Hacker).
Highteen specimens. He. 3168.

The erect setose bristles on the femora will distinguish this species from
the two Western Australian species deseribed by Horvath.

118.P.A. Bull, No. 16, p. 75, 1924.

24 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Tingis (Tropidochila) trivirgata Horv.

| Habitat—North Pine River, October, November; Sunnybank, October ;
Bunya Mountains, @., December (H. Hacker).

Cysteochila (Parada) tzeniophora Horv.

Habitat —Upper Brookfield, November; National Park, Q., November;
Tooloom, N.S.W., January (H. Hacker).

Cysteochila (Parada) camelinus n. sp.]

(Plate VIII., Figure 10.)

Robust, rather elongate Species, with a cone-shaped elevation on the
pronotum.

Head transverse, armed with five spines; two basally at sides, adpressed ;
a small semi-erect darker spine in the centre, and two in front converging and
touching; buceule not prominent: first antennal segment cylindrical, one and.
a-half times longer than the second; third segment slender, filiform,.three times
as long as the fourth; fourth segment widest towards the apex, slightly longer
than the first and second together. Pronotum finely pilose; dise convex; from
the truneated anterior margin rises a reticulated cone-shaped vesicle, highest
about the middle of the disc, and bounded at the sides by the lateral carine;
paranota reflexed, adpressed, reticulate, three to four rows areolate; interior
border slightly sinuate, posteriorly rounded; medium earina very distinct from
the top of pronotal vesicle to the apex of posterior process; lateral carine
convergent behind the diseal elevation. Elytra much longer than the abdomen.
sides gently swollen to middle, somewhat constricted beyond, and then paralleled
to the apex; costal membrane anteriorly recurved, areole small; the posterior
half wider, horizontal, biseriate, with larger irregular sub-quadrate areole ; costal
- area triserlate, areole small.

Head including eyes, pronotum, fourth antennal segment, and the
underside of body, black; carinew, reticulations on pronotal vesicle, paranota,,.
and greater part of the elytra, ochraceous brown; head spines, buccule, and.
costal membrane, whitish; posterior process basally, inner and posterior parts.
of discoidal cell, centre of membrane, a spot on each side of elytra apically,
and the cross nervlets on costal membrane, fuscous; legs, and third antennal
segment, flavo-testaceous; wings smoky. Length 5 mm., breadth 1-5 mm.

Habitat —Tooloom, N.S.W., January (H. Hacker). Five specimens.
He. 3169.

This species conforms to the paranotal characters given by Horvath
for his subgenus Parada. When viewed laterally it will be easily recognised by
the cone-shaped vesicle on the pronotum.

NEW TINGITOIDEA (HEMIPTERA).—HACKER, 25

Oncophysa vesiculata Stil.
Habitat —Tooloom, N.S.W., January (H. Hacker). On Pimelia sp.

Froggattia olivyina Horv.
Habitat —Roma, Q., December (A. A. Girault). On olive trees.

Hypsipyrgias telamonides Kirk.

Habitat—North Pine River, October, Ashgrove, near Brisbane, Q.
(H. Hacker).

Monanthia amitina Horv.
(Figure 18.)

Habitat —Bunya Mountains, Q., December ; National Park, Q., November,
December (H. Hacker). This species has not been previously figured.

INOMA n. gen.

Broadly ovate, with the pronotal carinw, the carinate borders of the
discoidal areas, and the entire outer border except a small part at the apex
of the elytra, armed with straight equidistant spines. Head sub-triangular,
armed with two slightly divergent spines inserted behind the base of antenne ;
a spine on each side on the vertex, and a divergent double spine in the middle,
between these two; the rostrum extends to the intermediate coxe; buccule
prominent, extending slightly beyond the head, closed in front; in side view,
broadly rounded anteriorly. Pronotum broad, convex on disc, closely punctured,
tricarinate; the lateral carinew sligthly convergent on the base of pronotum,
the median carina percurrent; all three strongly elevated, uniseriate, the areole
sub-quadrate ; hood strongly keeled and sharply elevated in the middle, covering
about half of the head, truneated anteriorly; armed with two spines on the
dorsal keel, and three on each side of the anterior margin; lateral borders |
uniseriate, with rather large quadrate areole; the posterior process is short,
pointed, and reticulated. Legs and antennz slender.

Type.—tI. multispinosa n.sp.

This genus is allied to the Indian genus Urentius Dist., but differs in
possessing non-setose antennx, and a regularly tricarinate pronotum without any
foveate areas.

Inoma multispinosa n. sp.
(Plate IX., Figure 12.)
Brachypterous form.

Antenne moderately short, glabrous; the two basal segments short and
stout; the third segment very long and filiform; the fourth segment clavate.
_Elytra broad, the sides convexly curved and somewhat sharply rounded

26 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

posteriorly ; the membrane very short, and declivous to posterior margin; costal
area nearly as wide as the discoidal area, with four rows of areole; costal
membrane uniseriate, with moderately large quadrate areole.

Head, pronotum, elytra, and underside excepting the abdomen, bright
chestnut brown; hood; sides of pronotum, and the ecarine, whitish; a broad
transverse fascia at the base of the elytra, and another at the apex of the
discoidal cells, white; legs, antenns, buceule, and the membrane apically
yellowish brown; abdomen, fourth antennal segment, eyes, and tarsi, black.

Macropterous form.

Elongate-ovate. Elytra as much longer than the wings, as the wings are
longer than the abdomen; sides of the elytra about the same width to the
apex of the discoidal cell, then gradually narrowed, and broadly rounded behind ;
costal membrane wider than in the brachypterous form, widest beyond the
middle, and furnished with two irregular rows of areole; the membrane is longer
and more flattened, reticulated, the areole becoming slightly larger apically.
The colour dorsally is somewhat darker, ferruginous brown. In all their other
characters the two forms are similar. Length 2 mm., breadth -80 mm.
(Brachypt) ; length 2-125 mm., breadth -80 mm. (Macropt).

Habitat—Sunnybank, Q., August, September (H. Hacker). Four
specimens. He. 3170.

Compseuta ampliatus n. sp.
(Plate VII., Figure 5.)

Head transverse, armed with five minute spines, two close together
between the antennz, one central, and two basally at sides; antennex finely
pilose, the two basal segments moderately stout, the second shorter than the
first; third segment very long, nearly two and a-half times as long as the fourth,
fourth segment slightly stouter than the third, and longer than the first and
second together. Pronotum narrow anteriorly, broadening out basally to twice
the width; hood small, elevated, sharply keeled, slightly projecting in the
middle over the base of head, reticulated; central carina pereurrent, more
elevated than the lateral ones, one row areolate; lateral margins of the pronotum
uniseriate, thinly fringed with fine pubescence; posterior process short, rounded
apically. Elytra twice as long as the abdomen, somewhat separated posteriorly,
each elytron is widest at the middle; the areole on the costal membrane are
rather small basally, much larger from the ampliated central portion to the
apex of the elyton; costal area strongly sinuate, narrow, biseriate; the discoidal
cell is widest towards the apex, with five rows of small areole.

Head spines, carine, posterior process, and buecule, whitish; elytra
iridescent, the reticulations pale flavous, a narrow transverse brown fascia about
one-quarter from the base; legs, and antenne yellowish-brown; head, and

NEW TINGITOIDEA (HEMIPTERA).—HACKER. 27

pronotuin blackish, in fresh specimens covered with a white mealy substance;
apical half of the fourth antennal segment, and the entire ventral surface, black.
Length 3-25 mm., breadth 2-125 mm.

Habitat—Southport, Q., Oetober (H. Hacker). Fourteen specimens.
Ste. 3471:

Compseuta secundus n. sp.
(Plate VII., Figure 6.)

Fine seattered pubescence, and a thin fringe on the sides of the pronotum,
also the elytra, except apically.

Head transverse, armed with five minute unicolorous spines; antenne
finely pilose, the segments about the same length as in C. ampliatus; the shape
‘of the hood, pronotum, and the carine are also very similar. The elytra are
narrower and not so widely separated posteriorly, the sides being sub-parallel ;
each elytron is widest behind the middle.

Colour entirely composed of brown and black shades; hood, buccule,
pronotal ecarine, and elytral reticulations, pale yellowish brown; pronotum
ineluding the posterior process, discoidal cells, legs, and three basal antennal
segments, brown; eyes, fourth antennal segment except basally, a transverse
fascia across the costal membrane opposite the middle of the discoidal cells,
and the ventral surface, black. Length 3-125 mm., breadth 1-62 mm.

Habitat—Bunya Mountains, Q., December: Tooloom, N.S.W., January
(H. Hacker). Six specimens. He. 3172.

The narrower sub-parallel elytra, and the brown colour with an absence
of white markings, are the chief characters which separate this species from
C. ampliatus.

Gelchossa elegans n. sp.
(Plate VII., Figure 7.)

Head transverse, armed with five slender blunt-tipped spines; two
diverging basally at sides; one placed centrally, and two anteriorly near the
base of antenne; the two latter converge between antennx, reaching to nearly
the length of the first segment; antenne long, slender ; first segment cylindrical,
twice the length of the second; third segment filiform, twice the length of the
fourth, which is elongate and searcely thicker than the third; buccule rather
prominent and narrowly opened in front, biseriately areolated. Pronotum with
three strongly raised carine, the lateral ones composed of one row of subquadrate
areole; the median carina more strongly raised than the other two, highest
above disc, where there are two rows of areolw; posteriorly there is one row of
large oblong areole; hood narrow, considerably raised, strongly keeled above,
and angularly produced in front, reticulated; paranota moderately wide,
recurved, with three rows of areolew; dise finely and densely punctate. Elytra
rather long, extending far beyond the apex of the abdomen, moderately wide;

28 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM,

sides broadly rounded from base, almost parallel laterally, very slightly
constricted about the middle; costal membrane wide, unevenly reticulated, with
five rows of rather small areole on the basal third, four rows of larger areole at.
about middle, decreasing to one row posteriorly; costal area declivous, with
four rows of small areole ; discoidal area narrow, not reaching the middle of the
elytra, slightly concave, sides, especially the outer one, sharply raised, areole
small; membrane unevenly reticulated, areole small at the base, becoming larger
towards the apex of the elytra.

Head spines, bucculxw, reticulations on hood, carine, paranota, posterior
process apically, and costal membrane basally, white; second and third antennal
segments, legs, reticulations on elytra apically, flavous; dise of pronotum,
discoidal cells, first and fourth antennal segments, yellowish brown; a narrow
transverse fascia on elytra before middle; a diffused spot near base of membrane ;.
reticulations in centre of the median carina, and the tarsi, fuscous; head,
pronotum anteriorly, and body beneath, black. Length 3-25 mm., breadth
1-66 mm.

Habitat—Upper Brookfield, Q., November (H. Hacker). Four specimens.
BOP als &.

This is the first species of Gelchossa to be recorded from Australia. In
general shape it resembles G. (Leptostyla) costofasciata Drake, but differs in the
more slender fourth antennal segment, narrower transverse elytral fascia, more
rows of areolw in the paranota and costal membrane.

Stephanitis queenslandensis n. sp.
(Plate VII., Figure 8.)

White, hyaline, iridescent, with a pronotal and two elytral transverse
dark fasciee.

Head small, subtriangular in front, unarmed; antenne apically thinly
pilose; the first segment twice as long as the second; third segment two aad
a-half times as long as the fourth, which is hardly stouter than the third, and
distinetly longer than the first and second together; the buecule are moderately
elevated, closed in front; the rostrum reaches to the posterior coxa. Pronotum
closely punctured; pronotal vesicle large, ovoid, anteriorly compressed,
posteriorly rounded, reticulated, covering the head, and extending slightly
beyond; the median carina is arcuately elevated, as high in the middle as the
vesicle, with two rows of large areole; paranota large, the outer sides strongly
raised ; the lateral borders straight, curving inward behind, to the lateral carine,
extending anteriorly level with the eyes, and furnished with three rows of
areole.

Legs, antenne, and reticulations pale flavous; head, rostrum, and the
fourth antennal segment testaceous; pronotum, and the body beneath, castaneous:
brown; eyes dark ruby; posterior process basally, and a suffusion through the
centre of the median carina blackish; a transverse dark fascia about one-third

NEW TINGITOIDEA (HEMIPTERA) —HACKER. 29

from the base of elytra, passing through the swollen discoidal areas; another
sub-oblique dark fascia, from near the outer marginal apex to inner angles,
just beyond the apex of abdomen; tips of the reticulations on the outer edges
of paranota and elytra, fuscous. Length 3-125 mm., breath 1-68 mm.

Habitat —Mount Tambourine; Brisbane, Q., on Stephana hernandicefolia
Walp., March (H. Hacker). Many specimens. He. 3174.

This is the first Stephanitis to be recorded in Australia. It differs from
the deseription of S. typicus Dist., S. suffusus Dist., and S. sordidus Dist., in the
black base of the posterior process, and black suffusion through the centre of
the elevated median carina; from S. gallarum Horv., it differs in possessing
two rows of areole on the median carina. The elytra in figure 8 are greyer
than they should be, owing to the gum photographing opaque; the base of the
elytra are hyaline.

AUSTRALOTINGIS n. gen.

Glabrous. Head small, transverse, armed with five slender. spines;
antenne and legs moderately long and slender; the rostrum does not quite
reach the intermediate coxe. Pronotum tricarinate, the median carina strongly
arcuately elevated, nearly as high as the hood medially, with two rows of large
areole ; hood large, subglobose, covering and extending slightly beyond the head ;
paranota foliaceously dilated and inflated, sub-reniform, extending from the
front of eyes to the base of elytra; elevated as high as the hood, and enclosed
on three outer sides; leaving a semicircular dorsal opening on each side of the
hood; the inflated part touches the hood anteriorly, posteriorly it curves inwards,
eovering part of the lateral carine, and nearly reaches the hood; paranota, hood,
and the median carina reticulated, the areole of about the same size. Elytra
broad, twice as long as the abdomen, basally angularly rounded, sides slightly
convexly curved, sub-parallel; discoidal area wide, the outer side strongly raised,
forming with the costal area a tumid elevation, which extends to a tumid spot
in the centre of the discoidal area; costal membrane very wide, reticulated,
areole moderately large anteriorly, larger on the posterior half of the elytra.

Type—A. Franzeni usp.
This genus, in general shape, has a slight resemblance to Dicysta Champ,

but the paranota are much more developed; it also differs in possessing three
pronotal carine, the median one foliaceous, not inflated.

Australotingis franzeni n. sp.
(Plate X., Figure 15.)

Head with two slender spines basally at the sides, one central, and two
submedial in front, the three latter apically converging between the antenne;
the two basal antennal segments cylindrical, the second thinner and shorter
than the first; third segment about two and a-half times as long as the fourth ;
fourth segment subclavate, and sparsely pubescent; buceule not prominent,

30 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

rounded anteriorly. Elytra much longer than wings; costal membrane basally
with four rows of moderate-sized areolew, increasing to six rows in the widest
part; the costal area has three rows of moderate size; the discoidal cell has.
five to six rows, smaller than those on the costal membrane.

Reticulations on the hood, paranota, posterior process, and elytra, the
legs, and antenne excepting the fourth segment, pale ochraceous; an oblique
fascia on the discoidal area, about the middle, and some irregular markings.
behind it, form a dark ring which surrounds the tumid central spot, and extends
through the middle of the costal area, the apical half of fourth antennal segment,
tarsi and pronotum anteriorly, dark brown; head jncluding eyes, and the body
beneath, black. Length 3-75 mm., breadth 2-36 mm.

Habitat —Nanango, Q., September (L. Franzen). One female. He. 3175,.

2Ramiry PIESMATIDAE.

3 Mcateella splendida Drake.
(Figure 14.)

This species was described* from four specimens which were deposited in:
the National Museum, Washington, labelled Australia (Koebele). It ocevurs.
rather plentifully in the Brisbane district at the flowers of Acacia cunninghami.
These minute insects have probably been hitherto overlooked, owing to their
colouration, which exactly matches that of the flowers; also owing to their
appearance in July, a time when but few insects are about. The reddish brown
markings on the pronotum and elytra vary considerably in depth of colour,
hardly two individuals being exactly alike. A. cunninghamu is probably their:
host tree, as nymphs were obtained at the same time as the adult bugs.

Mcateella elongata n. sp.
(Plate IX., Figure 13.)

Body depressed, elongate-ovate, antenne and legs finely and sparsely
pilose. Head large, transverse; ocelli minute, unicolorous, on each side close
to the pronotal border; base of antenne inserted in a rounded depression between.
the jug and the prominent antenniferous tubercles; first segment of antennze
narrow at base, suddenly becoming greatly incrassate, half as long again as.
wide; the second segment about equal length, but only slightly swollen; third
segment slender, slightly longer than the second; fourth segment longest,
fusiform; rostrum short, not reaching to the intermediate coxe. Pronotum
closely punctured, depressed from the truneated anterior border for one-third

: * Greck piesma, a pinching or squeezing, gen. piesmatos, stem piesmat. Vide Dr, R. J.
Tillyard.
* Incorrectly spelt Macateella in the Zoological Record, 1925,

* Proce. Ent. Soe. Wash., Vol. 26, p. 86, 1924,

NEW TINGITOIDEA (HEMIPTERA).—HACKER, 31

its length, where there is a reniform callose spot on each side, behind which
the pronotum is moderately transversely convex, widest at the broadly rounded
posterior angles; paranota keel-like, uniseriate, rounded and widest anteriorly,
becoming narrower and disappearing before reaching the base. Elytra narrow,
slightly longer than the abdomen, widest near base, and evenly punctured ;
costal membrane narrow, uniseriate; costal area broad and declivous, with five
rows of punctures; the discoidal area has about seven rows at its widest part,
which is behind the middle, boundaries well defined, the outer border almost
straight.

Body entirely pale olive buff, unicolorous; antennx and legs, yellowish

brown ; abdomen beneath, green; rostrum and tarsi fuscous. Eyes reddish black.
Length 2-25 mm., breadth 1-87 mm.

Habitat —National Park Q., October; Kobble Creek, Q., December. On
flowers of Acacia decurrens (H. Hacker). Five specimens. He. 3176.

This species is easily distinguished from M. splendida Drake by the more
depressed pronotum, the more elongate shape, and uniform greenish colour.

32 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

To facilitate comparison, all the figures have been enlarged to a uniform
magnification of sixteen diameters.
PLATE VI.
Fig. 1.—Paracopium australicus (Stal).
Fig. 2.—Paracopium albofasciata n.sp.
Fig. 3.—Ischnotingis setosus n.sp.
Fig. 4.—Teieonemia summervillei n.sp.

PLATE VII.
Fig. 5.—Compseuta ampliatus n.sp.
Fig. 6—Compseuta secundus n.sp.
Fig. 7.—Gelchossa elegans n.sp. (Fourth antennal segments “niszing.)
Fig. 8.—Stephanitis queenslandensis n.sp.

PLATE VIII.

Fig. 9.—Phatnoma cordata n.sp.
Fig. 10.—Cysteochila (Parada) camelinus n.sp.

PLATE. IX.
Fig. 11.—Ma/’andiola similis n.sp.
Fig. 12.—Inoma multispinosa n.g. et sp.
Fig. 13.—Mcateella elongata n.sp.
Fig. 14.—Mecatee‘la splendida Drake.

PLATE X.
Fig. 15.—Australotingis franzeni n.g. et sp.
Fig. 16.—Epimixia alitophrosyne Kirk. P
Fig. 17.—Serenthia vulturaa Wirk.
Fig, 18.—Monanthia amitina Horv.

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX, PLATE VI.

QUEENSLAND TINGITIDA.
Photos., H. Hacker. Face page 32.

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou, IX, Puate VII,

QUEENSLAND TINGITIDA,

Photos., H. Hacker, Face page 32.

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX, PuAte VIII.

QUEENSLAND TINGITIDA.
Photos., H. Hacker. Face page 32.

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX, PLATE IX.

—
es

13

QUEENSLAND TINGITIDA,

Photos., H. Hacker. Face page 32.

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX, PLATE X.

—
an

16

17 18

QUEENSLAND TINGITIDA,
Photos., H. Hacker, Face page 32.

NEW COLEOPTERA.CARTER,. 33

NEW COLEOPTERA.
Fam. TENEBRIONIDAE. Sub. Fam. CYPHALEINAE.

Bra. j. Carren; BA; FES.

Amonest Coleoptera recently sent for determination by Mr. A. P. Dodd
oceur two fine new members of the Cyphaleinw. This group contains some of
our handsomest beetles, of striking metalle lustre, and is geographically almost
confined to the Austro-Malayan region, India, Japan, and Chili being credited
each with a single species. The great majority of the genera and species being
endemic in Australia suggests this continent as the original home of the
sub-family.

As the new species in question are from tropical Queensland and,
unfortunately, unique specimens, Mr. Dodd has generously suggested their
presentation to the Queensland Museum, and it is further appropriate that
their deseription should appear in its Memoirs.

OREMASIS FORMOSUS 0. sp.

Oblong ovate, moderately convex, acutely attenuate behind, above and
epipleure brilliant metallic green, with purple gleams at sides; underside darker
green; tibiw, base of femora and front tarsi yellow, the rest of legs blue or
purplish, antenne and palpi blue.

Head labrum prominent, antennal orbits squarely angulate in front,
eyes large, round and prominent, front strongly punectate—densely and finely
on epistoma, more sparsely and coarsely between the eyes; antenne long and
slender, 3 as long as 4-5 combined, four apical joints enlarged—less so than in
O. cupreus Gray—8-10 piriform, 11 elliptic longer and wider than 10.

Prothorax apex arcuate emarginate, base bisinuate, all angles acutely
produced, sides widening from’apex to base in a very slight curve, extreme
border reflexed, a coneave depression, coarsely punctate, between border and
the rather flat dise, the last without medial line and with fine, sparse, punctures
and strioles.

Scutellum large, triangular with rounded sides, finely punctate.

Elytra as wide as prothorax at base, parallel for the greater part, rather
abruptly narrowed behind, apices produced into two acute, adjacent, teeth;

surface irregularly, finely anid sparsely punctate, the punctures more dqxtiont
near base, obsolete at apex.

Episterna and epipleure coarsely punctate, abdomen smooth, rest of
under surface with fine shallow punctures, basal segments of front tarsi enlarged,
basal segment of hind tarsi shorter than rest combined.

Dimensions.—19 * 6-5 mm.
Cc

b4 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Habitat—North Queensland, Ravenshoe (A. P. Dodd). A single ¢ example
of this beautiful insect has been handed to me for description. It is easily
distinguished from its congeners O. haagi Bates and O. cupreus Gray by colour,
less convexity, more elongate apical spines, and the differently formed antenne
(longer third and less transverse penultimate segments). Holotype presented
to the Queensland Museum. Reg. No. C. 3177.

TRISILUS INSIGNIS n. sp

Elongate, oblong, convex, nitid; head and pronotum green, the latter
slightly purplish at base, elytra purple—with some irregular green patches,
posterior half of suture and sternal regions cyaneous, epipleure green, abdomen
black, antennz greenish black, legs blue black.

Head coarsely and densely punctate on clypeus, sparsely so at base; eyes
large, reniform, widely separated, antennal sockets short and rather sharply
raised (as in 7’. femoralis Haag), antennw extending slightly beyond base of
prothorax, five apical segments moderately enlarged, 3 shorter than 4-5
combined, 9-11 shorter and rounder than preceding.

Prothorax apex arcuate-emarginate, base strongly bisinuate, all angles
moderately produced and subacute, sides widest at middle thence arcuate in
front and (less strongly) behind; extreme border narrowly reflexed, without
sublateral sulcus, disc irregularly and sparsely punctate a cluster of large round
punctures near basal depression towards each side, and a cluster of smaller
punetures towards the front angles, medial region almost laevigate.

Scutellum large, triangular with rounded sides, a row of punctures round
margin.

Elytra rather wider than prothorax at base, very convex, shoulders well
rounded, sides parallel for the greater part, apices with short unevenly produced
points—the left rather longer than the right—a very narrow horizontal border,
not seen from above, anterior half of surface closely covered with large, round,
unevenly spaced punctures, the punctures becoming smaller on posterior half
and subobsolete on apical declivity, a faint indication of longitudinal impressions
occurring in this region; with fine rime. Underside smooth save for a few
scattered minute punctures, the short prosternum as in 7. femoralis Haag, the
medial carina less defined.

Dimensions —19 9-5 mm.
Habitat—North Queensland, Cairns (A. P. Dodd).

A fine species, structurally very like 7. femoralis Haag, but easily
distinguishable by larger size, colour, the much grosser and closer elytral
sculpture and the small but distinet apical teeth. The holotype is probably
female, and has been presented to the Queensland Museum. Reg. No. C. 3178.

STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDA.—LEA. 3D

ON STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER
CURCULIONIDAE, MOSTLY FROM QUEENSLAND.

By ArtHuR M. Lea, F.E.S.

(Contribution from South Australian Museum.)

Storeus and Hmplesis are genera represented by many small Australian.
weevils ; to distinguish the genera, with certainty, the claws must be closely
examined, in most cases a hand lens being insufficient. This not having been
done on many occasions some confusion has resulted. Fortunately types,
cotypes, or authentic specimens of most of the previously named species are
before me, in addition to many new ones.

Storeus (type variegatus Fab.).
Enplesis (typ2 scolopax Pasc.).
Artematocis (type longirostris Lea).

The typical species of Storeus is variegatus, a common and well-known
weevil from Sydney, but which occurs also in Victoria and Tasmania; of
Emplesis it is scolopax, a rare South Australian weevil.

Pascoe referred these genera to two sections of the Erirhinides: HEmplesis
to the Cryptoplides, and Storeus to the Storeoides; on the same page! he
associated Lybeba and Enide with Storeus, and placed Diethusa in the
Erirhinides vrais, noting of Storeus “‘ Pectus not canaliculate.” In this he was
in error, but no doubt he examined a specimen without removing its head.

Blackburn in dealing with the two genera. considered they might be
separated by the abdominal segments, or by the femora: dentate in Storeus
(although S. signatus was described as having edentate femora) and edentate in
Emplesis.

In 18992 I referred all the species of Hmplesis to Storeus, and named.
many new ones. I had examined the claws of many species and presumed
them all to be simple. Storeuws was regarded by Lacordaire, Pascoe, and
Blackburn as belonging to the Erirhinides; and Hmplesis by the two latter
entomologists as a closely allied genus, differing only in the femora and
abdomen, and as all their species have a well-defined pectoral canal, and agree
in so many other features, it seemed desirable to unite them.

1 Pascoe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1873, p. 182.
*Lea, Trans. Roy. Soc., 5. Aust., p. 159.

36 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Having occasion recently to examine many species of the Erirhinides and
Tychiides, and in particular some large species of Storeus belonging to the
Queensland Museum, the claws of several species of that genus were seen to be
appendiculate, I could not see that the claws of S. variegatus were appendiculate
under a hand lens (x 12), but under a microscope they were distinctly so, as
the outlines (figs. A and B) drawn under the camera lucida render certain ;
the genus must, therefore, be transferred to the Tychiides. The claw joint is
seldom extended much beyond the lobes of the third, the claws are strongly
divergent, and are drawn strongly backwards, so that it is difficult to see them
clearly, on account of the large size and clothing of the third joint; on many
of the tessellated species of Hmplesis they regularly and slightly increase in
width to the base as on other Erirhinides, but on some of them the increase is
more decided. I found it impossible to be sure of some of the claws by
examination with a hand lens, especially as a speck of dirt or grease may make
a considerable difference in the appearance of a claw. For the outline drawings

Text-fig. 1—Claws of species of Storeus.—A, B.—variegatus Fab. ; C.—albosignatus
Blackb.; D, E.—-setosus Lea; -F.—variabilis Lea; G.—maximus Lea; H, I.—beodontus
Lea; J, K.—scutellaris Lea; L.—acutidens Lea; M.—carinirostris Lea; N.—specularis Lea;
O.—armipennis Lea; P.—aurifer Lea; Q.—minimus Lea. Of Hmplesis.—R.—storeoides Pasc.

(made by Mr. N. B. Tindale under a fairly high power of the microscope) claw
joints were detached, and the claws themselves separated under pressure, after-
wards being mounted in Canada balsam on slides. A tactile seta is present on
each claw but this was usually omitted from the drawings.

The most striking feature of species of both genera is the possession of a

STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDA.—LEA. Bye

pectoral canal, fairly deep in front and bordered by sharply defined walls,
but narrowed between the front coxz, much as in many species of Diethusa and
Melanterius; it is often difficult to see the canal until the head has been
removed. On this being done, however, it may be seen clearly on all the
species, and to start from an incurvature of the apex of the prosternum.
Blackburn’s line for scolopax in his table of Hmplesis: ‘‘ Prosternum not (or
scarcely at all) concave in front of the anterior coxe’’; is not reliable, as the
canal, after removal of the head, is as well defined on that species as on most
of the genus. In fact many species with the head resting on the breast (the
usual position of unset specimens) have quite the normal appearance of members.
of the Cryptorhynchides. In commenting on Lmplesis he said?: ‘‘Some of
them having a most unmistakable channel running down the front part of the
prosternum, which, according to M. Lacordaire, would take them out of the
Erirhinides altogether.” In Bagous there is a somewhat similar channel, and
there is an approach to it in some species of Cydmea, on species of which the
front coxe may or may not be in contact, but that they belong to the
Erirhinides appears to be certain. Subsequently Blackburn! considered that.
Pascoe was wrong in transferring Diethusa, Lybeba, and Enide from the
Erirhinides to the Cryptorhynchides, on account of the short pectoral canal
and slightly separated front coxe. The three latter genera have since been
amalgamated, that they are closely allied to Melanterius is certain, and that the
latter is close to Huthebus is also certain; the latter genus has a deep pectoral
- canal and can only be referred to the Cryptorhynchides. Blackburn further
considered that if Diethusa, &c., were transferred to the Cryptorhynchides,,
Storeus, Emplesis and Bagous should follow it. Storeus, in fact, seemed to be a
connecting link between the Erirhinides and Cryptorhynchides, and several
genera that appeared to be close to it are placed with the latter subfamily.

Blackburn referred no species to Storeus, but his albosignata and majuscula
referred to Hmplesis, have appendiculate claws, and must stand under Storeus.

S. captiosus, contortus, falsus, setosus and variabilis Lea also have.
appendiculate claws and must remain in Storeus.

Boheman referred signatus to Storeus, although noting its femora as.
edentate. It must remain in that genus until the type or an authentic
specimen can be examined. It is evidently a prettily marked species and
appears to be close to several Hmpleses before me, but the length and exact
locality were not noted, and quite possibly it does not belong to either Storeus
or Emplesis.

In the Munich Catalogue Erirhinus australis Montr., from Lifu, is referred
to Storeus. I do not know that species, but am able to name three Fijian
ones.

§ Blackburn, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S. Wales, 1890, p. 330.
4Blackburn, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 1893, p. 301.

38 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. ~

Paying special attention to the claws on a re-examination of S. pulchri-
collis these were seen to be truly simple; its pectoral canal is deep, and the
intercoxal process of the mesosternum has a small process on each side, the
femora are strongly dentate, and it appears now desirable to transfer it to the
Cryptorhynchides, and to associate it with a species of Hphrycellus from Lord
Howe Island.

All the other species referred to Emplesis by Pascoe, Blackburn, and
Faust (several of which, however, are unknown to me) must now be referred
back to that genus, together with the species referred by myself to Storeus
(with the above-noted exceptions). I did not specially examine the claws of
S. metasternalis (the type is now in the British Museum) but probably it is an
Emplesis.

Artematocis was proposed for two species having distinctly appendiculate
claws, and was correctly referred to the Tychiides, although its resemblance to
Storeus (then presumed to have simple claws) was pointed out. The genus may
well be retained, and probably several others will be proposed at the expense of
Storeus.

All the genera have the rostrum long, and usually considerably longer on
the female than on the male; eyes with coarse facets, pectoral canal distinct,
and third and fourth segments of abdomen usually distinctly curved. In
Emplesis the femora are usually edentate, in the other genera they are usually .
dentate.

On each side of the prosternum of all the species of Storeus there is
a fovea that as usually fairly deep, and has at its bottom a very thin mem-
brane, through which an eye can look when the insect has its rostrum resting
in the pectoral canal; on some of the species the de ression appears as a
fairly large round fovea, on some it is semi-double, on others it appears as a
thin curved furrow; it undoubtedly serves as a “ peep-hole”’; for further
comments see under S. specularis. An apparent remnant of it may be seen on
many species of Emplesis.

The previously described species of the genera, as I now understand
them, are :—

STOREUS.
albosignatus Blackb. setosus Lea.
captiosus Lea. signatus Boh.
contortus Lea. variegatus Fab.
falsus Lea. variabilis Lea.

majusculus Blackb.

STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDA.—LEA,

enigmatica Blackb.

amena Lea.
assimilis Blackb.
bellula Lea.
brachyderes Lea.
canaliculata Lea.
consueta Lea.
cryptorhyncha Lea.
cyphirhina Lea.
dispar Lea.
dorsalis Lea.
elliptica Lea.
ephippigera Lea.
femoralis Lea.
jilvrostris Pasc.
gravis Blackb.
ignobilis Lea,
impotens Lea.
inamena Lea.
indistincta Lea.
interioris Blackb.
invidiosa Led.

longirostris Lea.

EMPLESIS.

juvenca Lea.
lineigera Pasc.
lithostrota Lea.
macrostyla Lea.
mediocris Lea.
metasternalis Lea.
monticola Blackb.
multiarticulata Lea.
munda Blackb.
nigrofasciata Lea.
niveiceps Lea.
notata Blackb.
occidentalis Lea.
ocellata Blackb.
parvula Lea.
paupercula Lea.
remissa Faust.
scolopax Pasc.
storeoides Pasc.
tessellata Lea.
tuberculifrons Lea.
umbrosa Blackb.

ARTEMATOCIS.

squamibundus Lea.

_EPHRYCELLUS.
pulchricollis Lea.

Storeus variegatus Fab.

(Text-figure 1, A, B.)
As already noted the claws of this species are appendiculate, the bristle
shown in the figures is similar to that on most species of the genus, and

similar bristles may be seen on many species of Hmplesis.

Storeus albosignatus Blackb. (Emplesis).

(Text-figure 1, C.)

Although each claw of this species has quite a large appendix, it is

difficult to see it clearly in any light with a hand lens.

The species is a

common one in New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia.

40 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND ._MUSEUM.

Storeus majusculus Blackb. (Hmplesis).

Blackburn has already commented upon the clothing of the front tibia
of the male of this species ; each of its claws has a basal appendix, more
distinct on the front ones of the male than on the others.

Storeus falsus Lea.

The front tibiae of the male (the only sex known) of this species, are
clothed much as on the preceding species, and the appeaex to each claw may
be seen fairly clearly in certain lights.

Storeus setosus Lea.
(Text-figure 1, D, E.)

A small variable species. Under a hand lens I cannot see that the claws
are appendiculate, but under the microscope they are distinctly so; two figures
are given to show the appearance of the appendix and tactile seta from inner .
and outer positions.

Storeus variahbilis Lea.
(Text-figure 1, F.)

Another small variable species, in which the appendix can scarcely be
seen without a compound power.

Storeus maximus n. sp.

(Text-figure 1, G.)

3. Reddish-brown. Densely clothed with stramineous brown scales and
sete.

Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax, slightly curved, almost parallel-
sided, sculpture concealed by clothing except quite close to apex. Antenne
inserted one-third from apex of rostrum. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides
gently rounded but apex suddenly narrowed; punctures normally concealed.
Elytra very little wider at base (which is trisinuate) than base of prothorax,
sides gently rounded ; with rows of rather large, partially concealed punctures ;
interstices multinodose, the nodes small but quite distinct on the odd _ inter-
stices, very feeble on the even ones. Third and fourth segments of abdomen
combined slightly longer than fifth, and distinctly longer than second. Legs
rather long, femora acutely dentate, front tibiz with a dense fringe of long
hairs from near base to apex; claws with a large basal appendix. Length,
8-8-5 mm,

Q. Differs in having the rostrum slightly more curved, abdomen more
convex, and front tibie not fringed, although with a small apical fascicle.

Queensland (C. French), Malanda (Dr. E. Mjoberg), Cairns district (A. M.
Lea). .

STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDZ.—LEA. 41

Very distinct by its large size, nodose elytra and fringed tibia. There
are evidently ridges on the rostrum of the male, but the clothing is so dense as
to conceal them, even on the female it is clothed almost to the tip. Some of
the prothoracic scales have a golden gloss in certain lights. The wall on each
side of the pectoral canal in front of the coxa is produced downwards in the
form of an equilateral triangle, and the “ peep holes”? are partly obscured by
clothing.

Storeus fimbripes r. sp.

3S. Dark reddish-brown, antennze and legs somewhat paler. Densely
clothed with stramineous-brown scales and sete, on sides and apical half of
elytra variegated with feeble dark spots.

Rostrum about once and one-fourth the length of the prothorax, slightly
curved, not quite parallel-sided; with acute ridges alternated with rows of
squamiferous punctures to apical fourth (where the antenne are inserted), in_
front of which the punctures are crowded and naked. Prothorax and elytra
as in preceding species, except that the elytra are not nodose. Abdomen
slightly flattened along middle, third and fourth segments each very little
shorter than second, fifth as long as first. Legs moderately long, femora
acutely dentate, front tibize with a conspicuous fringe of long hairs on lower
surface, commencing near base. Length, 3-5-4-5 mm.

Queensland. Cairns (E. Allen).

In general appearance like the preceding species on a much smaller
scale, but third and fourth segments of abdomen somewhat larger, the elytra
not nodose, their clothing somewhat variegated posteriorly, and the ridges on
the rostrum more conspicuous through the clothing. There is a distinct
compound depression, “peep hole,’ on each side in front of the prosternum.

Storeus inustus n. sp.

g. Dark brown, some parts almost black, antenne and tarsi paler.
Densely clothed with stramineous scales and setz, varying to black.

Rostrum distinctly longer than prothorax, almost straight to near apex,
parallel-sided ; with sharply defined ridges alternated with rows of squamiferous
punctures to apical fourth (where the antenne are inserted), in front of which
the punctures are crowded. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides gently rounded,
becoming strongly depressed in front; punctures dense but normally concealed.
Elytra at extreme base (which is feebly trisinuate) no wider than prothorax ;
with rows of large punctures, appearing small through clothing, but each
containing a seta; interstices in parts uneven or slightly nodulose. Abdomen
slightly flattened along middle, fifth segment slightly longer than second, and
with two apical bristles. Legs rather long; femora dentate, the front ones very
feebly so; front tibie with a conspicuous fringe of long hairs, commencing near
base of under surface, and partly continued on to tarsi. Length 5 mm.

42 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

New South Wales. Tooloom in January. Type in Queensland Museum,
C/3180.

On the under parts the clothing is entirely stramineous or buff, on the
upper surface more than half of the clothing is stramineous, but in parts
becoming slightly infuscated; on the elytra there are numerous small black,
velvety looking spots; just before the summit of the apical slope there is a
conspicuous V of pale scales and setz, extending from the suture across three
interstices on each elytron, behind which the scales are entirely pale; the
setze on the V are almost white, and are slightly fasciculate in appearance. On
the pronotum the clothing is in ill-defined vittz, but many of the sete differ
in colour from the adjacent scales. The V is suggestive of affinity with S.
variegatus, but on that species the front tibize are not fringed. The “ peep
hole ” on each side of the prosternum is represented by a small fovea connected
with the wall of the pectoral canal by a narrow slit. A second specimen differs
from the type in having the front tibie shorter, with the fringe much less
conspicuous but still distinct, and the abdomen slightly more convex; but as
its rostrum and antenne are as on the type, presumably it is also a male.
A third specimen, taken by Mr. Hacker on Bunya Mountain, agrees well with
the type in structure, but is abraded and stained; the V of its elytra is less
distinct, but its middle appears as a rather distinct fascicle on the suture ;
many of its prothoracic scales have a golden gloss.

Storeus humeralis n. sp.

3. Black, some parts obscurely diluted with red, antennz and legs (wholly
or in, part) paler. Clothed with scales varying from almost white to sooty-
brown, and with a few sete.

Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax, slightly curved, almost parallel
sided ; sculpture concealed by clothing up to apical fourth (where the antennz
are inserted) beyond which the punctures are crowded. Prothorax strongly
transverse, parallel-sided to near apex, and then strongly narrowed ; with small
dense punctures, interspersed with many larger ones, all partly obscured by
clothing. Elytra distinctly wider than prothorax, widest at about basal fourth,
base trisinuate, but only the scutellar notch distinct; with rows of large
punctures in feeble striz, the outer row concealed from above. Abdomen
somewhat flattened along middle, the fifth segment slightly longer than second
and third combined, sutures of second to fourth almost straight at sides. Legs
moderately long; femora acutely and almost equally dentate; front tibize with
a conspicuous fringe of long hairs from near base; claws each with a large
appendix. Length, 5-7 mm.

2. Differs in having the rostrum longer, thinner, slightly more curved,
clothed only near base, elsewhere with rather small punctures, antennz inserted
two-fifths from apex, abdomen more convex, the fifth segment slightly smaller
and front tibiz not fringed,

STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDZE —LEA., 43

Queensland. National Park in November and Bunya Mountains in
December (H. Hacker). Type in Queensland Museum; cotype J. 16334, in
South Australian Museum. .

A large dingy species. The scales on the head, rostrum, and prothorax
are mostly of a rusty-brown colour; somewhat similar scales form a large
patch on each shoulder, the inner hind end of which is connected with a distinct
V of pale scales, the junction of which is on the suture at the summit of the
apical slope; before, beyond, and at the sides of which the scales are small
and of a sooty-brown colour, but on the tips the scales are again pale. On
each of the National Park specimens there is a large, obscurely reddish, patch
at the base of the abdomen, the patch on the male continued on to the
metasternum. The abdominal sutures are much less curved than is usual. The
elytral epipleure are rather wide, but become narrow posteriorly, and terminate
slightly before the apex of abdomen. ‘The “ peep holes’ on the prosternum are
fairly large.

Storeus ventralis n. sp.

§. Black, parts of under surface obscurely reddish, rostrum, antennze
and legs (wholly or in part) paler. Moderately clothed with scales of various
colours, becoming almost uniformly whitish on under parts.

Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax, gently curved; with acute
ridges, alternated with rows of squamiferous punctures to apical third (where
the antenne are inserted), in front with crowded punctures. Prothorax strongly
transverse, apex suddenly narrowed ; with dense, normally concealed punctures.
Elytra ‘wider than prothorax at base, widest slightly before middle, base faintly
trisinuate; with rows of large punctures, appearing much smaller through
clothing, in parts slightly nodulose. Two basal segments of abdomen with a
shallow depression, third and fourth very short, fifth slightly longer than
second to fourth combined, with a large depression. Femora edentate ; front
tibia with a thin fringe of long hairs commencing almost at base. Length,
3-5-4 mm.

Q. Differs in having the rostrum much longer, thinner, more strongly
curved, paler, glabrous and almost im;unctate, antenne inserted at apical
two-fifths ; abdomen evenly convex, fifth segment not as long as second and
third combined, and front tibize not fringed. 7

Queensland. Stradbroke Island in. March (H. Hacker and A. M. Lea),
and in December (Hacker). Type, J. 16305, in South Australian Museum ;
‘cotype in Queensland Museum, C/3182.

Distinguished from the other species with fringed tibiz, except S. majus-
culus, by the edentate femora and very short third and fourth segments of
abdomen; from that species it differs in being somewhat smaller, rostrum
smaller, apical patch of elytra less defined or missing, and tibial fringe more

44 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

conspicuous. No two specimens, of the nine taken, are exactly alike in their
clothing; the males have about half of it black or blackish, with slaty-grey
spots or single scales scattered about, and with small stramineous patches, on.
which there are usually a few pale sete; on the females the clothing is mostly
of a rusty brown, with small dark spots and numerous whitish sete (to a
certain extent their clothing is as on S. albosignatus). The ‘peep holes” of
the prosternum are masked by paler scales than on the adjacent surface.

Storeus tenuirostris n. sp.

2. Blackish, rostrum antenne and parts of legs reddish. Densely clothed
with stramineous-brown scales and setz, with numerous small black spots on
elytra, and three obscure ones on pronotum, underparts with almost white:
clothing.

Rostrum distinctly longer than prothorax, thin, cylindrical, slightly
curved, glabrous, and sparsely and minutely punctate. Antenne inserted in
exact middle of rostrum. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides evenly rounded.
to near apex, and then suddenly narrowed; with crowded, more or less
concealed punctures. Elytra subcordate, sides almost evenly rounded, base:
distinctly trisinuate, with rows of large, partially concealed, setiferous punctures ;.
alternate interstices very feebly elevated, and some of them slightly nodulose..
Abdomen moderately convex, fifth segment slightly longer than second. Femora
acutely dentate, claws appendiculate. Length, 5 mm.

New South Wales.—Sydney (A. M. Lea), unique.

In general appearance fairly close to S. fimbripes, but the base of the
elytra is conspicuously trisinuate, their epipleure are less defined (the curvature:
being continuous with the rest of the elytra) and the abdominal segments are
more strongly curved. In appearance it also approaches S. variegatus, but the
apex of the tibie has a much less acute -projection, the elytra are without
a black basal patch, the rostrum is distinctly thinner than on its female, and the:
appendix to each claw is smaller. Probably its male belongs to the group.
with fringed front tibiz. |

Storeus beeodontus nr. sp.
(Text-figure 1, H, I.)

Reddish-brown, rostrum antenne and tarsi somewhat paler. Moderately
clothed with greyish-white scales, slightly variegated on elytra, and frequently
with a. golden gloss, especially between the eyes, on underparts almost uniformly
white.
Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax, moderately curved, feebly
dilated at base; with fine ridges alternated with rows (squamiferous near base).
to between antenne (at apical two-fifths), in front of which the punctures are
sparse and minute. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides strongly rounded, apex
about two-thirds the width of base; punctures mostly concealed. Elytra
elongate-subcordate, base bilobed, with rows of large, partially concealed.
punctures. Fifth segment of abdomen slightly longer than second. Femora.
minutely dentate. Length, 2-75-3 mm.

STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDA.—LEA. 45

New South Wales.—Sydney (Dr. E. W. Ferguson), Jenolan (J. C. Wiburd).

Not very close to any previously described species, and in general
resembling some species of Hlleschodes, but with the pectoral canal well defined.
Each “peep hole” is small, and from it there is a narrow groove extending
obliquely upwards. It is difficult to see the appendix to each claw, until this
has been mounted on a slide for examination. The six specimens examined
have the rostrum with well-defined ridges, but clothed only at the basal third
or fourth, and the abdomen evenly convex, so they are probably all females. On
‘several of them the suture is feebly infuscated, and on two of them the metasternum
is darker than the abdomen. A specimen from Hobart (A. M. Lea) apparently
belonging to the species, is slightly larger and more densely clothed than the others,
and but few of its scales have a golden gloss.

Storeus scutellaris n. sp.
(Text-figure 1, J, K.)
Reddish-brown, suture and most of under surface black, rostrum, antenne

(the club infuscated) and tarsi reddish. Moderately clothed with white,
stramineous, and sooty scales, becoming uniformly white on underparts.

Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax, moderately curved, parallel-
‘sided; with acute ridges alternated with rows of squamiferous punctures to
apical third (where the antenne are inserted), in front with sharply defined
punctures, except on a median line. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides
strongly rounded, apex about two-thirds the width of base ; punctures crowded
-but mostly concealed. Elytra elongate-cordate, base bilobed; with regular
rows of large, partially concealed punctures. Abdomen with first and second
segments slightly depressed in middle, fifth slightly shorter than second and
third combined. Femora slightly but acutely dentate. Length, 3 mm.

South Australia.—Melrose in October (A. M. Lea). Type (unique),
I. 16299. 3
| A mottled species, somewhat like the following in miniature, but with a
thinner and more curved rostrum, blackish club, and scutellum with snowy
scales. The mottling is partly due to the derm being sparsely clothed in places.
On the upper surface most of the scales are whitish, and these form two
connected vittz on each side of the prothorax; six short vitte at their base,
and many small spots on the rest of the elytra.; the sooty spots are few and
inconspicuous, and the stramineous scales are sparse. The ‘‘ peep holes” of the
prosternum are feeble. On this species the claws are certainly appendiculate,
but they are nearest in approach to ones that may definitely be regarded as
simple.

Storeus acutidens n. sp.
(Text-figure 1, L.) ;

§. Black, rostrum, parts of. elytra and of legs obscurely brownish,

antenne and tarsi paler. Moderately and irregularly clothed with whitish,

46 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

stramineous and sooty scales, becoming almost uniformly whitish on under-
parts.

Rostrum comparatively stout, slightly longer than prothorax, straight to
near apex; with acute ridges alternated with rows of squamiferous punctures to
apical fourth (where the antenne are inserted), in front of which the punctures
are crowded and naked. Prothorax moderately transverse, sides rounded, at
apex suddenly narrowed. LElytra elongate-subcordate, sides nowhere parallel ;
with rows of large, partially concealed punctures. Abdomen somewhat flattened
along middle, fifth segment slightly longer than second and third combined.
Legs rather long, femora acutely dentate, tibiz thin. Length, 3-75-4 mm.

Q. Differs in having the rostrum longer, thinner, feebly and evenly
curved throughout, glabrous, ridges and punctures less pronounced, antennz
inserted at apical two-fifths, abdomen evenly convex, fifth segment shorter, and
legs slightly shorter.

Australia.

A large acutely dentate species, with rostrum somewhat as on S.
variegatus, but shorter, elytra with irregularly distributed blackish spots, and
without a pale V. On the male a large portion of the elytra is obscurely
reddish, on the female they are almost entirely black. On the head and
rostrum most of the scales are dark, on the pronotum they are mostly pale,
with three obscure dark vittz; on the elytra about half of the scales are of a
slaty-white, many of the spots bordered or mixed with stramineous; with
numerous small black spots. Allowing for the notches at their junction the
outlines of the prothorax and elytra are elongate-elliptic ; the base of the latter
from directly above is seen to be evenly incurved, from behind it appears to be
feebly bilobed. The “ peep holes’ are semi-double, but obscured by clothing.

Storeus insularis n. sp.

3. Dull reddish-brown, antennz and legs paler, most of under surface
black. Densely clothed with slaty-grey or whitish scales and sete, with some
small and ill-defined dark patches on prothorax and elytra, but the latter
also with a large dark median spot, behind which the scales are paler than
elsewhere.

Rostrum thin, parallel-sided, slightly curved, slightly longer than pro-
thorax ; with fine ridges alternated with rows of squamiferous punctures almost
to between antennz (these inserted at apical third), in front with crowded and
small punctures. Prothorax strongly transverse, apex about two-thirds the
width of base, punctures normally concealed. Elytra elongate-cubcordate, sides
nowhere parallel, base feebly trisinuate (from behind appearing bilobed) ; with
rows of large, partially concealed punctures. Two basal segments of abdomen
slightly depressed in middle, fifth very little longer than second. Femora
acutely dentate, tibie rather long and thin, the apical hook acute. Length,
2-5 mm.

STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDA.—LEA. 47

Queensland.—Magnetic Island in September (A. M. Lea). Type (unique),
I. 16247.

At first glance almost appearing to belong to Hmplesis macrosticta, but
the elytral setee are much more conspicuous, the femora are dentate, and the
claws are strongly appendiculate. The dark spots on the elytra (except the
large median one, beneath which the derm is also dark) are narrow, and,
although ill-defined, suggest the tessellation of many of the species of Hmplesis.
The ‘“‘ peep holes” of the prosternum are small and partly obscured by scales.

Storeus hoplocnemis n. sp.

3S. Reddish-brown, tip of rostrum and parts of legs blackish. Densely
clothed with brown scales and seta of two shades of colour, becoming paler on
under parts, and snowy on scutellum.

Rostrum thin, about one-fourth longer than prothorax, almost straight to
insertion of antenne at apical fourth, and then suddenly curved; with acute
ridges, alternated with rows of squamiferous punctures to apical fourth, and
then shining, with numerous sharply defined punctures. Prothorax moderately
transverse, sides slightly dilated to near apex, and then suddenly narrowed to
apex; punctures normally concealed. Elytra distinctly wider than prothorax,
widest at about apical third, base bilobed; with rows of large, partially
concealed, setiferous punctures, some of the iaterstices feebly nodulose. Abdomen
with a feeble depression on first segment, fifth about as long as second and
third combined. Legs rather long; femora unarmed; front tibie with a
distinct projection on lower surface one-third from apex; claws appendiculate.
Length, 3-3-5 mm.

2. Differs in having the rostrum longer, thinner, gently curved throughout,
glabrous, only the median ridge fairly distinct, the punctures smaller, antennze
inserted at apical third, elytra wider, abdomen evenly convex, the fifth segment
smaller, and front tibiz only slightly angular at the position of the projection.

New South Wales.—Dorrigo (W. Heron); Queensland.—Bunya Mountains
in December (H. Hacker). Type, /. 16308, in South Australian Museum ; |
cotype in Queensland Museum, C/3183.

Very distinct by the front tibie of the male. On the pronotum the
scales are of an almost uniform brown, but the sete are mostly blackish. On
the elytra the scales are of two shades, of which the slightly paler one occupies
most of the apex, and is triangularly advanced on the suture, the two shades
separated by small blackish spots and lines obliquely placed. There are some
sparse interocular setz. The specimen from Queensland is larger than the
type, many of its body parts are black and most of the rostrum; its scales
are also darker, but the two shades on the elytra are separated in the same
way.

48 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Storeus amplipennis n. sp.

§. Blackish-brown, antennze and tarsi paler. Densely clothed with brown
scales and somewhat paler sete, somewhat variegated on underparts.

Rostrum distinctly longer than prothorax, moderately curved, with acute
ridges alternated with rows of squamiferous punctures to apical fourth (where
the antennz are inserted), in front with numerous naked punctures. Prothorax
almost as long as the greatest width, apex about two-thirds the width of base ;
punctures normally concealed. Elytra cordate, base bilobed, beyond middle
more than twice the width of prothorax; with many minute nodules posteriorly;
with rows of large setiferous punctures, appearing small through clothing ; each
side at basal third with a lobe projecting downwards, but invisible from above.
Abdomen with a shallow depression along middle of two basal segments, fifth
almost as long as second and third combined. Legs rather long, femora -
edentate ; front tibize with a distinct projection one-third from apex on lower
surface, middle pair with a smaller projection. Length, 4 mm.

Queensland.—Mount Tambourine, in November (H. MHacker). Type
(unique) in Queensland Museum, C/3184. |

A very distinct. species, allied to the preceding one, but larger, elytra
much wider in proportion, each with a large lateral sub-basal lobe, with many
small.nodules posteriorly, and middle as well as front tibize with a projection.
‘The femora are not dentate, but the hind pair have a distinct swelling at the
position of a tooth. The scales on the upper surface are almost uniformly
coloured, but the setz are somewhat paler; on the abdomen the scales are
mostly pale, becoming darker posteriorly, on the front legs the clothing is
darker than on the others. There are numerous suberect interocular sete.

Storeus carinirostris n. sp.
(Text-figure 1, M.)

$. Reddish-brown, metasternum sometimes infuscated. Densely clothed
with stramineous scales, the elytra with several dark spots, and numerous

pale and dark sete.

Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax, gently curved; . with acute
ridges, alternated with rows of squamiferous punctures to apical third (where
the antenne are inserted); in front with crowded but not always naked
punctures. Prothorax distinctly transverse, sides strongly rounded, apex about
half the width of base; punctures normally concealed. Elytra elongate
subcordate, base slightly and evenly incurved, sides nowhere parallel; rows of
setiferous punctures obscured by clothing. Abdomen gently convex, fifth
segment very little longer than second. Femora slightly but acutely dentate ;
front tibia with a rather acute projection on lower surface two-fifths from

apex. Length, 3-5-4 mm.

STOLREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDZA.—LEA., 49

®. Differs in having the rostrum distinctly longer, thinner, and more
curved, its ridges, except the median one, and squamiferous punctures not
passing the antenne (which are inserted two-fifths from apex), in front with
smaller punctures, all naked; abdomen more convex, and front tibie without
- projection. |

New South Wales.—Dorrigo (W. Heron). Type, J. 16281.

The front tibie have a projection on the lower surface, approaching those
of the two preceding species, but the general outlines differ, the femora are
dentate, and the clothing is more variegated. On several specimens many of
the scales are shining, or have a faint golden gloss. On the apical third of
each elytron, on the third and fourth interstices, there is a rather small but
distinct blackish spot, occasionally broken up into two or three very small ones,
towards the sides there are several smaller ones, usually not quite as dark.
From the sides the elytra are seen to have numerous suberect setzw of two
colours, but from above only the pale (almost white) ones are distinct, and they
are fairly numerous on the apical slope; from behind the setz are seen to
form a quite regular row on each interstice. The claws, although appendiculate,
appear to be simple from most directions. The “ peep holes” of the prosternum
are sometimes quite sharply defined, but they are usually obscured by clothing.
The sexes may be readily distinguished by the rostrum and front tibiz, although
the basal half of the former is sculptured and clothed much the same in the
female as in the male; the abdomen scarcely differs sexually.

Storeus inconstans n. sp.

3. Blackish, some parts obscurely diluted with red, part of rostrum,
antenne, and tarsi reddish. Densely clothed with scales varying. from
stramineous to whitish and black, becoming uniformly pale on underparts ; with
numerous setz on upper surface, and a few between eyes.

Rostrum distinctly longer than prothorax, moderately curved; with acute
ridges, alternated with rows of squamiferous punctures to apical fourth (where
the antenne are inserted); in front with crowded, naked punctures. Prothorax
distinctly transverse, sides gently dilated to near apex, and then suddenly
narrowed ; ~ punctures crowded but normally concealed. LElytra much wider
than pestherax: sides gently rounded to beyond the middle, base distinctly
trisinuate ; with seriate rows of setiferous punctures, much obscured by
clothing. Abdomen with first and second segments slightly depressed along
middle, the fifth almcst as long as second and third combined. Femora stout,
neither grooved nor dentate; tibie rather thin. Length, 4-4-5 mm.

°. Differs in having the rostrum longer, thinner, more strongly and
evenly curved, ridges and seriate rows of squamiferous punctures confined to
base, elsewhere with small punctures, and ube coat evenly convex, week Rar
fifth segment shorter. |

D

50 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Queensland.—Tambourine, in November (H. Hacker) ; New South Wales.—
Tooloom, in January (Hacker). Type, in Queensland Museum (7/3185; cotype,
I. 16309, in South Australian Museum.

In general appearance somewhat like S. albosignatus on n_ enlirged
scale. Considerably wider than S. majusculus, the dark markings more
scattered, and front tibise of male not fringed. The dark scales on the elytra
form small spots not alike on any two of the four specimens taken; they are
numerous and irregularly distributed on two of them, but hardly more than
stains on the others; there are also many pale spots, so that the elytral colours
appear to be irregularly intermingled; on the pronotum the clothing is also
variable. The blackish and whitish sete of the elytra are about equally
numerous, but from above the whitish ones appear to be in the majority, from
behind they are seen to form a regular row on each interstice. On one of the
females there are two small spots of black scales on the head. Each claw
has a large appendix, although it is usually difficult to see it. The “peep
holes ’’ of the prosternum are usually obscured by scales.

Storeus inconspicuus n. sp.

3g. Dark reddish-brown, abdomen, antennz, and legs paler. Densely
clothed with stramineous-brown scales, with a few paler and darker spots ; becoming
almost white on under surface. With fairly numerous setz, subdepressed on
pronotum, suberect on elytra, on the latter forming a row on each interstice.

Rostrum distinctly longer than prothorax, slightly curved; with fine
ridges alternated with rows of squamiferous punctures to apical fourth (where
the antennz are inserted); in front with numerous naked punctures. Pro-
thorax about as long as the basal width, sides strongly rounded, apex about
two-thirds the width of base. Elytra subcordate, base distinctly wider than
prothorax, sides nowhere parallel, base feebly trisinuate ; rows of setiferous
punctures obscured by clothing. Two basal segments of abdomen somewhat
flattened along middle, fifth very little longer than second. Middle and hind
femora moderately dentate, the others edentate. Length, 2-5 mm.

Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).—Type (unique), J. 16315.

An unusually small species, somewhat like S. albosignatus in miniature,
but with less numerous spots and some of the femora dentate. On the elytra
there are some minute blackish spots on the odd interstices, and a fairly large
one on the suture at the basal third, behind it there is a small V formed by
minute white spots. On the elytra many of the setz are of a snowy whiteness ;
on the pronotum they are nearly all dark.

Storeus fasciculatus n. sp.

$. Blackish, antennz and tarsi obscurely reddish. Densely clothed with
variegated scales and sete, and with numerous fascicles.

STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDA.—LEA, 51

Rostrum considerably longer than prothorax, almost straight to near
apex, parallel-sided, with acute ridges alternated with rows of squamiferous
punctures to apical fourth (where the antenne are inserted); in front with
numerous naked punctures. Prothorax about as long as the basal width, sides
dilated to apical third and then suddenly narrowed, punctures normally
concealed. Elytra much wider than prothorax, sides strongly trisinuate before
middle, and with a distinct lobe near metasternum, base bilobed; seriate rows
of setiferous punctures appearing rather small through clothing. Abdomen
flattened along middle, fifth segment slightly longer than second. Legs rather
long, femora dentate. Length, 4 mm.

Queensland.—Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type, J. 16313.

A beautiful and well-marked species, which may be considered as worthy
of generic rank, but the pectoral canal, ‘‘ peep holes,” and appendiculate claws.
are aS on many species of the genus. Much of the clothing on the upper
surface is of a chocolate-brown colour, changing to rusty-brown and stramineous
in places; on the pronotum there is a small whitish spot on each side of the
base. On each elytron there is a narrow white line, commencing immediately
behind the spot on the pronotum, and running obliquely inwards to beyond °
the middle, the line connected with its fellow by another narrow line, which
traverses the suture at the basal fifth, and much of the intervening space
having velvety black scales; there is a large pale patch partly before and
partly on the apical slope, bordered by velvety black scales. Many of the
setze on the upper surface and all in the rows of punctures are white, giving it
a speckled appearance. On the under . surface the scales are mostly
stramineous or rusty-brown, the abdomen with a dark vitta on each side,
commencing at the tip of the second segment, and a less distinct but longer
median one; there is also a large snowy spot on each side of the base of the
prosternum. Each tibia appears to have a projection at its outer base, but
this is due to the sete there being longer than elsewhere. Of the fascicles
there are two conspicuous interocular ones, two semi-double ones at the apex
of the pronotum, and four traversing its apical third ; on each elytron there are
two large and several small ones, the largest one is apparently supported on an
elongated tubercle near the middle of the third interstice, the sete composing
it are mostly rusty-brown, becoming velvety-black in front, and whitish behind,
the next largest is on the preapical callus, and is less variegated. i

Two females, from Southern Queensland, probably belong to the species ;
they differ in markings, but the fascicles are the same in position, although
somewhat reduced in size; the rostrum is slightly longer, much thinner, gently
curved throughout, clothed only on the basal third, the ridges much shorter,
antenne inserted only slightly in front of the middle, abdomen more convex,
with the third and fourth segments larger and the fifth smaller; the abdominal
markings of the type are indicated, but the snowy spots of the prosternum are
completely absent. One is from Stradbroke Island (H. J. Carter); on its

D2 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

pronotum the two small pale basal spots are narrowly connected, and each is
produced obliquely forwards so as almost to touch one of the outer fascicles ;
on the elytra the narrow white lines are present but less distinct, as the whole
of the space between them is clothed with pale scales as a wide sutural vitta,
which is suddenly dilated into a large angular patch just beyond the largest
fascicles, its femora are more strongly dentate than on the type. The other
female, from the National Park (H. Hacker), is in the Queensland Museum, and
is smaller (3-5 mm.), most’ of the clothing on its upper surface is of a rusty-
red, there are no white scales on its pronotum; the pale sutural patch is
hardly more than indicated, and the patch beyond the largest fascicles is
greatly reduced in size and almost divided in two; the femora are less strongly
dentate than on the type, but the basal projections of the tibize are larger.

Storeus seticollis n. sp.

9. Reddish-brown, club infuscated. Densely clothed with pale brown or
rusty scales, interspersed with numerous sete, with many small whitish spots on
elytra; underparts mostly with pale clothing.

Rostrum thin, about once and one-half the length of prothorax, gently
curved, very sparsely clothed on basal third; with feeble rows of punctures. to
apical two-fifths (where the antenne are inserted), in front with sparse and
minute punctures. Prothorax moderately transverse, sides slightly dilated from
base to near apex, and then suddenly narrowed ; punctures normally concealed.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, base feebly bisinuate, from behind appearing
bilobed, sides lobed near metasternum; with seriate rows of punctures reduced
in apparent size by clothing. Abdomen evenly convex, fifth segment slightly
longer than second. Femora acutely dentate, claws strongly appendiculate.
Length, 3-5 mm.

Queensland.—Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type (unique), J. 16310.

Evidently allied to the preceding species, but markings on a different
plan, fascicles. reduced in numbers and size, and tibize no wider near base
than elsewhere. On the pronotum the scales are almost uniformly brown, but
there are many blackish sete; on the elytra there are many small whitish
spots, nearly all of which are crowded on a subtriangular space on each side
at the basal third; the dark setz are much less numerous than on the pro-
notum, and there are some whitish ones as well, from behind they are seen to
form a regular row on each interstice. Some whitish sete form a small fascicle
on, the third interstice about its middle, and there are two very feeble dark
fascicles between the eyes. Many of the seriate punctures on the elytra are
without seta, and even when present they are below the general level. The
“peep holes” of the prosternum ‘are rather large.

Storeus. bystricosus n. sp.

3. Blackish, rostrum antennze and legs more or less reddish. Densely
clothed with dingy brown scales, interspersed with numerous long erect setz

STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDA—LEA., 53:

the latter also form two feeble fascicles at the apex of prothorax, several feeble:
ones on elytra, and a long and very distinct one (supported on a tubercle) on.
the third interstice about the middle.

Rostrum about the length of prothorax, slightly curved, parallel-sided ;
with fine ridges alternated with rows of setiferous punctures to apical third
(where the antennz are inserted), in front with numerous naked punctures.
Prothorax moderately transverse, basal half parallel-sided, rapidly narrowed in
front ; punctures concealed. Elytra elongate-subcordate, sides nowhere parallel,
base feebly trisinuate, from behind appearing bilobed; with rows of unusually
large punctures, but almost concealed by clothing. Fifth segment of abdomen
slightly longer than second. Femora slightly dentate, tibie angular near outer
base, claws strongly appendiculate. Length, 2-5-3 mm.

Queensland.—Cairns. Type in Macleay Museum.

On the type there are two small fascicles at the apex of the elytra, and
one on each preapical callus, the sete so closely compacted that the fascicles.
resemble spines (from a second specimen the apical ones have been abraded) ;
the long fascicle on each elytron is more than half the length of the prothorax,,
and readily distinguishes the species from all previously named ones. A new
genus may eventually be proposed for it, but the deep pectoral canal, distinctly
separated front cox, “peep holes’ of prosternum (concealed by clothing on
one specimen) and strongly appendiculate claws, are as on many species of the
genus.

Storeus eurypterus n. sp.

3. Reddish-brown, metasternum somewhat infuscated. Densely clothed.
with variegated scales and setz, some of-the latter forming fascicles.

Rostrum about the length of prothorax, slightly curved ; with fine ridges.
alternated with rows of setiferous punctures to apical fourth (where the antenne
are inserted), in front with numerous naked punctures. Prothorax moderately
transverse, basal two-thirds almost parallel, then strongly narrowed to apex ;
punctures normally concealed. Elytra at base much wider than prothorax,
oblong subcordate, base trisinuate; with rows of large punctures, almost
concealed by clothing. Abdomen gently convex, fifth segment slightly longer
than third. Femora strongly and acutely dentate, the front ones less strongly
than the others ; claws each with a large basal appendix. Length, 3-3-5 mm.

Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection). Type, J. 16314.

A conspicuously marked species with unusually: wide elytra, the long
fascicle on each of which is more loosely compacted than on the preceding
species, and not supported on a tubercle; the clothing generally is more
variegated, and the femora are much more acutely dentate. There are a few
setze between the eyes, but they could scarcely be regarded as forming fascicles ;

D4 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

on the pronotum the scales are stramineous and more or less sooty brown,
unevenly mingled, but mostly pale on the sides; there are numerous setz, of
which some black ones form two feeble apical fascicles. On the elytra a fairly
wide dark sutural patch dilates hindwads, till it passes two large fascicles, it
is then marked by a narrow white M, beyond which it is again dilated (but
not quite as dark), till it covers the whole apex, leaving a large patch (curved
on its inner edge) fromthe shoulder to beyond the middle on each elytron ; of
a rather pale colour, almost stramineous, but in some lights with a golden
gloss; the numerous erect setz are mostly black, and some of these form a
conspicuous fascicle on the middle of the third interstice. Close beside the
scutellum the clothing is paler than elsewhere, slightly accentuating the
trisinuation of the base. Another male has a white M quite as Gistinct as on
the type, but beyond it the derm is reddish, except that there is a blackish
spot towards each side. A specimen, apparently a female, differs from the
others in having the rostrum slightly thinner, longer and more curved, glabrous
on the apical half, antenne inserted about the apical third, and abdomen more
convex.
Storeus cognatus n. sp.

3. Pale reddish-brown, metasternum somewhat darker. Densely clothed
with pale, almost stramineous; scales, in parts with a slight golden gloss, and
in places with faint brown mottlings; under swface with sparser and almost
white scales. Upper surface and legs, in additicn, with numerous stiff sete,
mostly pale, but about middle of elytra some distinct blackish ones.

Rostrum moderately stout, the length of prothorax, slightly curved;
with fine ridges, alternated with rows of setiferous punctures to apical fourth
(where the antennz are inserted), in front with crowded, naked punctures.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides slightly dilated, becoming strongly
depressed towards apex. Elytra subcordate, base gently incurved and very
little wider than prothorax, sides rather strongly rounded; with rows of large
punctures, but normally almost concealed. Abdomen shining, fifth segment
slightly longer than second, and with a small median fovea. Femora strongly
and acutely dentate, tibie thin, claws appendiculate. Length, 2-5 mm.

Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection). Type (unique), J. 16335.

The type of this species was mounted with specimens of the preceding
one, and it certainly appears to be allied to it, but it differs from the male
in the clothing being more uniform and paler, without fascicles, the elytra
narrower and not trisinuate at the base, the abdomen more sparingly clothed,
and with a small subapical fovea.

, Storeus apicalis n. sp.

3. Reddish-brown, antenne and legs paler, suture and parts of under

surface blackish. Densely clothed with stramineous or buff, slightly variegated

STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDZ.—LEA, 55

scales, but a conspicuous dark patch on apex of elytra. With numerous
suberect sete, nowhere forming fascicles, and on the elytra forming a distinct
row on each interstice.

Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax, gently curved, parallel-sided ;.
ridges and seriate punctures concealed throughout by scales and setz. Antenne
inserted at apical fourth of rostrum. Prothorax strongly transverse, parallel-
sided to near apex and then strongly narrowed; with crowded, normally
concealed punctures. Elytra elongate-cordate, base bilobed, sides nowhere
parallel; with regular rows of large punctures, appearing much smaller through
clothing. Abdomen somewhat flattened along middle, fifth segment. slightly
longer than second. Femora strengly and acutely dentate, claws semibifid.
Length, 44-25 mm. ;

Queensland.—Cairns district (F. P. Dodd and Dr. E. W. Ferguson).
Type, I. 16329.

An elongate-elliptic species, with the general appearance of Artematocis,
but the femora are strongly dentate. The rostrum is clothed to the mandibles,
and the claw joints are more exserted than usual, with the appendix to each
claw so large that from some directions it appears bifid. From above the setz
appear to be almost or entirely white, and just before the apical patch
unusually numerous, but from the sides many of them are seen to be more or
less dark brown. Theelytra are evenly curved posteriorly, but at the first
glance the apical patch causes them to appear abruptly vertical, as on many
Bostrychide.

Storeus specularis n. sp.

(Text-figure 1, N.)

Text figure 2. Storeus specularis Lea.

56 ’ MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

g. Black, antenne and legs and sometimes the tip of rostrum reddish.
Densely clothed with scales and sete, varying from stramineous to pone
brown; a few minute sooty spots on éivtes.

Rostrum almost as long as prothorax, moderately curved, feebly diminish-
ing in width to apex, each side of base notched; with fine ridges, alternated
with rows of setiferous punctures to apical third (where the antenne are
inserted), in front with naked punctures. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides
gently rounded, in front strongly depressed on each side; punctures only partially
concealed. Elytra subcordate, base trisinuate and slightly wider than elytra,
widest near base, where there is a distinct lobe on each side (hardly indicated
from above); with rows of large, setiferous punctures, appearing smaller
through clothing; with many small nodules. Prosternum with a semi-double
fovea on each side in front, pectoral canal deep and wide, narrowed between
front coxe, but these well separated. Fifth segment of abdomen slightly longer
than second. Middle and hind femora grooved and moderately dentate, the
front ones feebly grooved and slightly dentate; claws appendiculate. Length,
5-3-5 mm.

New South Wales.—Tooloom, in January (H. Hacker); Queensland.—
Mount Tambourine, in November (Hacker). Type in Queensland Museum,
C/3186; cotype, I. 16330, in South Australian Museum.

On examining a specimen of this species with the rostrum at rest in the
pectoral canal an eye was seen apparently looking out of a hole in the
prosternum, even the facets were visible; on looking closer a fovea was seen
on each side obliquely in front of the coxa, the fovea is semi-double and does
not go completely through, as there is a very thin membrane between it and
the canal. It appears to serve as a “peep hole” for the beetle, when all its
appendages are contracted together. Somewhat similar “‘ peep holes” are to
be seen on most species of the genus, although they are occasionally obscured
by clothing or dirt. The specimens from Mount Tambourine are all more or
less muddy, so that the scales are obscured; on the Tooloom specimens the
clothing is in perfect condition, but varies somewhat; on the more strongly
marked specimens a patch of stramineous scales commences on each shoulder,
its inner margin runs obliquely inwards to the third interstice at the
basal fourth, along which it is continued till it becomes oblique to the suture,
at the summit of the apical slope; the pale scales (except for some minute
sooty spots) covering about three-fourths of the surface; on other specimens
the disposition is much the same, but the shades are less contrasted; the
small nodules are often rather densely setose, and some of them have a
fasciculate appearance. On the pronotum the clothing consists of setz only,
stramineous and brown, the former colour mostly in vitte, but the surface is
not very densely clothed, so that many of the punctures are normally visible ;
on the rostrum and under surface the clothing also consists solely of sete,
but on the legs of sete and scales. Of the specimens taken by Mr. Hacker
six have the rostrum with distinct ridges to the insertion of antennz, and with

STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDZ.—LEA. 57

numerous sharply defined punctures in front, on five others the ridges do not
extend so far, and the front part has smaller and sparser punctures; the
insertion of antenne and the abdomen, however, do not differ, and the
differences are probably not sexual.

Photo., H. Hacker.

Text figure 3.—Claws of Storeus specularis Lea.

A female, from the Bloomfield River (C. French, junr.) probably belongs
to this species, or to an allied one. Its clothing is less variegated, the setz
are stouter and more scale-like in character, the rostrum is slightly longer,
more curved, much thinner, less distinctly notched at base, and elsewhere
almost impunctate ; antenne inserted not quite so close to apex, and abdomen

more convex, but the femora, especially the front ones. are’ more strongly
dentate.

Storeus armipennis, n. sp.
(Text-figure 1, O.)

§. Black, antenne reddish, parts of rostrum and of tarsi somewhat
darker. Densely clothed with scales varying from stramineous, through rusty-
brown almost to black, the shades irregularly distributed.

Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax, moderately curved, almost. parallel-
sided except for a triangular notch on each side of base; with acute ridges,
alternated with rows of squamiferous punctures to apical fourth (where the
antenne are inserted), in front with naked punctures. Prothorax strongly
transverse, hind angles rounded off, sides rounded, strongly depressed in front,
the middle acutely produced; punctures normally concealed. Elytra strongly
trisinuate at base, each side strongly lobed near base, the lobe not distinct

58 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM,

from above, sides thence strongly narrowed to apex; with rows of setiferous
punctures, alternate interstices slightly elevated and in places nodulose, but the
third strongly elevated in middle; a pair of large, acutely conical tubercles,
on suture at summit of apical slope. Prosternum with a large deep fovea on
each side, with a triangular projection between it and pectoral canal. Fifth
segment of abdomen almost as long as second and third combined. Femora
strongly dentate, claws appendiculate. Length, 5-6-5 mm.

©. Differs in having the rostrum slightly longer and thinner, ridges and.
seriate punctures terminated before antennz (these inserted not quite so close to
apex), punctures in front smaller and sparser. and abdomen. slightly more
convex.

Queensland.—Endeavour River (Macleay Museum).

A very distinct species, in general appearance very different from all
others referred to the genus, but in some respects allied to the preceding
species. The intercoxal process of the metasternum is strongly transverse and
gently concave, much as on several species of Melanterius, but the appendicu-
late claws forbid its being placed in the Cryptorhynchides. The ‘ peep holes ”’
of the prosternum are unusually large, and the triangular processes near them
are much as on S. maximus. Seen from the sides the base of the rostrum
appears slightly elevated above the head, and the front part of the latter to
be flattened. From the side each elytron is seen to have a large lobe, extending
almost the length of the prothorax, abruptly terminated, the lobe bounded by
the ninth row of punctures ; each side has a strong row of epipleural punctures,
concealed from above, The second segment of the abdomen is not much longer
than the third or fourth. A specimen from the South Johnstone River (H. W.
Brown), in the South Australian Museum, is entirely pale (except that a few
of the setz are blackish), but it is evidently immature.

Storeus lsetus n. sp.

§. Reddish, a large blackish elliptic blotch on elytra on the basal two-
fifths, occupying rather more than the sutural third, metasternum’ deeply
infusecated. Densely clothed with stramineous scales, mostly with a golden

gloss, becoming white on under parts; a row of sete on each odd_ interstice
of elytra.

Rostrum the length of prothorax, slightly curved, not quite parallel-
sided; with fine ridges, alternated with rows of setiferous punctures to apical
third (where the antenne are inserted), in front with numerous naked punctures.
Prothorax strongly transverse, sides subparallel to near apex; punctures
normally concealed. Elytra elongate-subcordate, base feebly trisinuate, from
behind appearing bilobed; rows of setiferous punctures almost concealed by

STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDZ.—LEA. 59

clothing. Abdomen slightly flattened along middle, the fifth segment slightly
longer than second. Femora edentate,.the middle and hind ones moderately
grooved; claws appendiculate. Length, 2-5-3 mm.

©. Differs in having the rostrum thinner and slightly longer, ridges and
setiferous punctures scarcely extending to middle, punctures elsewhere smaller
and sparser, antennz inserted two-fifths from apex of rostrum, abdomen evenly
convex, with the third and fourth segments somewhat larger.

Queensland.—Bunya Mountains, in December (H. Hacker}. Types in
‘Queensland Museum, C/3187; cotype, I. 16336, in Scuth Australian Museum.

An elongate-elliptic species, with somewhat golden clothing. On the only
male taken the abdomen is entirely pale, on three females part of the basal
segment is as dark as the metasternum. The pronotum has a slightly speckled
appearance, owing to the seta, but not the scales, being opaque. The sete
forming the rows on the alternate interstices of elytra from above appear to be
entirely white, but from the sides they are seen to be mixed with dark brown
ones. Two females from the Clarence River (G. Compere) differ in being
without the large dark patch on the elytra, and the metasternum only faintly
infuscated. ‘

Storeus aurifer n. sp.
(Text-figure 1, P.)

g. Dark reddish brown, rostrum antennze and legs paler, metasternum
and sometimes the abdomen black. Densely clothed with golden scales, becoming
white on under parts.

Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax, moderately curved; with fine
ridges alternated with rows of setiferous punctures to apical third (where the
antenne are inserted), infront with many naked punctures. Prothorax moder-
ately transverse, sides feebly diminishing in width to near apex, and then
‘strongly to apex itself; with dense, normally concealed punctures. Elytra wide,
subcordate, base almost truncate, sides strongly rounded; with rows of large
punctures, appearing small through clothing. Basal segment of abdomen with
a shallow median depression, fifth almost as long as second and_ third
combined. Femora stout, grooved, and edentate, the front pair with a fringe
on basal two-thirds of lower surface; tibie thin, the front pair with a fringe
on most of the lower surface; claws appendiculate. Length, 3-3-5 mm.

2. Differs in having the rostrum longer, thinner, more curved, clothed
only near base, elsewhere almost impunctate, antenne inserted two-fifths from
apex of rostrum, abdomen more convex, third and fourth segments larger, and.
front legs not fringed.

Fiji—Taveuni, in May (A. M. Lea). Type, J. 16300.

| A small rather wide species, with beautiful golden scales, quite an
ordinary member of the genus so far as the pectoral canal and separation of
front coxe are concerned; the “‘ peep hole” on each side of the prosternum

60 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

looks much like a spiracle, but it is anterior to the coxa. The species is.
considerably smaller than any of the pthers with front tibie fringed in the:
male, and appears to be allied to the preceding one, on which, however, the
tibie are not fringed. On many specimens the scales on the upper surface are
entirely golden, but on many others there are numerous small ill-defined spots.
on which the scales are white and opaque. There are no rows of setze on the
interstices. To see the derm clearly-it is usually necessary to remove the scales.
On many specimens the rostrum and antenne are almost flavous.

Storeus minimus n. sp.
(Text-figure 1, Q.)

g- Pale reddish-castaneous, metasternum usually somewhat darker than
abdomen. Densely clothed with pale scales, mostly with a golden gloss, but.
becoming somewhat variegated on elytra, and sparser and whitish on under
parts.

Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax, slightly curved; with fine
ridges alternated with rows of squamiferous punctures to apical fourth (where.
the antenne are inserted), in front with numerous naked punctures. Prothorax
- moderately transverse, sides rounded, base almost twice the width of apex;
with dense, normally concealed punctures. Elytra subcordate, base feebly
trisinuate, from behind appearing bilobed, sides nowhere parallel; with rows of
large punctures, appearing small through clothing. Abdomen with two basal
segments somewhat flattened in middle, fifth slightly longer than second..
Femora grooved and edentate, claws appendiculate. Length, 2-2-5 mm.

. Differs in. having the rostrum slightly longer and thinner, ridged and
clothed for a shorter distance, antennz inserted two-fifths from apex of rostrum,,
and abdomen more convex. ;

Fiji—Taveuni, in May; Mokongai, in June, Viti Levu. (A. M. Lea).
Type, £. 16301. .

The smallest known species of the genus, but with normal pectoral canal
and separation of front coxz; the “peep hole ”’ on each side of the prosternum.
is fairly large, and is connected with an obliquely impressed line. It differs.
from the preceding species in being smaller and narrower, with different.
clothing and front legs not fringed in the male; like that species it has no
rows of setz on the elytral interstices. There are usually three series of
brownish scales on the elytra; a small wide V on the suture about the middle
(this is seldom absent), and two longer but much less distinct ones between it.
and the apex; the V’sare usually fairly distinct, owing to the scales in their
vicinity being paler than elsewhere, but the postmedian ones are often indicated
by a few small spots or are occasionally absent. On some specimens on which
the golden gloss is faint or absent, the elytral clothing appears as if slightly
tessellated. |

33

STOREUS, EMPLESIS, AND OTHER CURCULIONIDA.—LEA. 61

Storeus inermis n. sp.

©. Reddish-brown. Densely clothed with variegated scales, becoming
uniformly pale on under parts.

Rostrum thin, considerably longer than prothorax, moderately curved
‘glabrous, with sparse and minute punctures, becoming seriate towards base.
Antennz inserted in middle of rostrum. Prothorax moderately transverse, basal
three-fifths sub-parallel, apical two fifths much narrower; punctures normally
concealed. Elytra subcordate, base almost truncate, sides rounded; with rows
of large punctures, appearing smaller through clothing. Abdomen evenly convex,
fifth segment slightly longer than second. Femora edentate, claws appendicu-
late. Length, 2-5 mm.

Fiji—vViti Levu (A. M. Lea). Type (unique), J. 16312.

A small species, like S. albosignatus on a reduced scale. It has the
‘general appearance of S. inconspicuus, but there are no sete on the pronotum,
and very few, and those short, on the elytra. On the elytra the scales are
mostly fawn-coloured, but variegated with numerous small whitish spots, and
about the same number of brownish ones; on the pronotum most of the
clothing is pale stramineous or almost white, but with numerous brownish spots.
Many of the scales have a slight golden lustre in certain lights. The “ peep
holes ” of the prosternum are fairly large. :

EMPLESIS.

As will be seen under the preceding notes on Sforeus, it is proposed to
reinstate this genus, as its species have simple claws, although on many of
them there is a basal swelling. The species unknown to me are :—

lineigera Pase. Evidently allied to scolopax, having “ Capite inter oculos
abrupte calloso.”’

simplex Pasc. The brief description of this insect fits so many species,
that it is undesirable to attach the name to any before me, without additional
‘particulars to those given.

ocellata Blackb. A fairly large:species, with a large dark spot outlined by
‘white scales, and common to the elytra and pronotum.

: remissa Faust. A small species from Western Australia, the prothorax
with four white lines of clothing. ©

On most species of the genus the clothing of the elytra is more or less
tessellated, the spots are narrow and do not pass the boundaries of an inter-
stice ; on some species, in addition to the tessellation, there are large black
blotches, or white patches. On the tessellated species there are normally two
subtriangular dark spots at the base of the pronotum and often a dark median
line, occasionally there are four spots at the base, and usually on such

‘specimens there is another series of four spots across the middle, the outer ones
of which are usually faint.

62 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Emplesis interioris Blackb.

The type of this species is in the British Museum. Three small specimens
from Oodnadatta, in the Blackburn collection (but not even placed under the
genus) evidently belong to two species, either of which may be interioris; two
are females, distinguished, inter se, only by the rostrum: rather strongly curved
on one, almost straight on the other; the third is a male with much shorter
rostrum, which is slightly longer than the prothorax, and its curvature inter-
mediate between those of the females (in most species of the genus the rostrum
of the female is considerably longer than that of the male, but it may be
more or less strongly curved). The male is distinct from all others before me
by its abdomen, the third and fourth segments of which are quite unusually
short, their combined length being only about one-third of that of the fifth
(on each female their combined length is equal to that of the fifth). Although
described as a male Blackburn gave no masculine features in the description,
the abdomen not even being mentioned.

Emplesis storeoides Pasc.
(Text-figure I, R.)

In Masters’ Catalogue this species is recorded as from Champion Bay, but
from Gayndah in the description. There are before me many specimens from
New South Wales (one from Armidale is the nearest in that State to Gayndah),
Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia that possibly belong to the species,
one of which bears Blackburn’s label as EH. storeoides. A specimen of the same
species from Mount Lofty was also identified by Blackburn as HL. wmbrosus, but.
it is a very different species from one, in my collection, also bearing his label
as umbrosus. ‘They vary in length 2-5-4 mm., and somewhat in markings, but:
they all have a conspicuous pale short postmedian V on the elytra, the V
often connected with other pale markings, so as to appear like a very short M,
extending to both sides; often the letter is outlined in front with dark scales,
and these may form a large patch extending almost to the base, on the apical
slope there are usually also a few dark spots; not infrequently the whole of
the apical third is clothed with pale scales. The V is somewhat similar to that.
on Storeus variegatus, but that species has dentate femora, and is considerably
wider. The general colour of the scales varies from almost ashen-grey to bright.
reddish-brown. Some of the darker specimens agree fairly well with the
original description ; but I am doubtful if the identification is correct.

PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA FROM AUSTRALIA,—DODD. 63

NOTES ON PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA FROM
AUSTRALIA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW SPECIES.

By Aan P. Dopp.
(Text-figures 1-4.)

. Tats paper treats of the genus Proamotura Girault in the Chalcidoidea,
one new species and two new varieties being described. In the same super-
family, a description of the first Australian species of the peculiar genus
Leptofenus Smith is given. In the family Scelionide of the Proctotrypoidea,
one new genus is proposed, and a genus new to Australia is recorded.

The illustrations have been prepared by Mr. I. W. Helmsing, of the
Queensland Department of Agriculture.

CHALCIDOIDEA.

Family CLEONYMID i. Subfamily LEPTOFCININ At.

Leptofoenus Smith.

Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 1, 1862, p. 43.
Pelecinella Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1868, p. 35.

C. T. Brues has recently (Psyche, Vol. XXVI., No. 6, 1924, p. 302-304)
pointed out that the genus long known as Pelecinella Westwood is antedated
by Leptofenus Smith. The genus is a very peculiar one, forming a distinct
subfamily, characterised, inter alia, by the very long pronotum. Five species
have hitherto been recognised, all occurring in tropical America. Hence, it is
with much pleasure that I am able to record the presence of these curious
Chalcids in Australia. i

Leptofoenus australiensis new species.

Female.—Length, excluding the ovipositor, 14 mm.; including the
ovipositor, 24 mm.

Brilliant metallic blue-green, the median, lobe of the mesoscutum posteriorly,
adjacent areas of the parapsides largely, and posterior two-thirds of the
scutellum, seneous-black; abdomen marked with pure white as follows :—An
oval spot on either side of segment 3, an oval spot on either side of apical third
of segment 5 the spots almost meeting above at the median line, base of
segment 8 above, apex of stylus, and a long narrow area on either side of
the median line of the venter of segments 6 and 7; exserted oviposital valves
dark, with a pale yellow band a little before the apex; coxe metallic green,
also posterior femora, the rest of the legs yellow-brown, the anterior femora
“washed with metallic inwardly, the posterior tibize dusky for central third

64 MEMOIRS OF THE. QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA FROM AUSTRALIA—DODD. 65

their base with a pale whitish band; antennal scape pallid at base, dark for
apical half, pedicel yellowish, the next four joints piceous, the following three
joints testaceous, the apical funicle joint and the club black.

Vertex of head moderately long, with a deep broad median immargined
groove or impression from the anterior ocellus to the posterior margin, this
depression much wider than the raised area between it and the eye margin ;
anterior ocellus within the groove, the lateral ocelli situated rather far forward
outside the groove against the eyes; on the frons the depression is continued
almost to the mouth as a deep margined antennal groove; eyes large, reaching
to the line of the mouth; just in front of the lateral ocelli the areas outside
the groove have their inner borders margined and convexly produced toward
and above the anterior ocellus; the sculpture on these swollen portions is
coarser with three or four transverse strise or carine, the fourth and anterior
carina is on a line with the anterior ocellus and is somewhat raised; below
this area there is a longitudinal line on either side of three short strongly
raised carinse, which are precipitous dorsally, sloping ventrally, so that from
the lateral aspect the upper frons is armed with a longitudinal row of four
erect teeth on either side; inside the teeth the surface slopes to the margined
antennal impression, the lower three teeth being connected by short carine to
the margin; sculpture generally finely transversely striate or wrinkled, more or
less reticulate between the strie; on the lower half of the frons there is a line
of short yellow hairs against the eye margins, a line of similar pubescence
against the mouth border, and scattered hairs on the surface. Antenne
inserted a little above the mouth and slightly above the line of the ventral
eye margins; scape long and slender; pedicel over twice as long as its greatest
width ; funicle 1 very short, somewhat wider than long; 2-8 cylindrical; 2
very long, two-thirds as long as the scape, fully twice as long as the pedicel ;
3-8 decreasing in length, 8 about twice as long as wide; club slender, twice as
long as funicle 8. Thorax long and slender; pronotum long, slender, not or
hardly longer than the scutum, narrowed anteriorly, from lateral aspect con-
stricted at its posterior margin and well-separated from the scutum, transversely
wrinkled, with an elongate smooth area laterally on its posterior half on either
side; scutum convex, strongly transversely wrinkled, the parapsidal furrows
deep, the median lobe produced anteriorly ; scutellum large, densely reticulate
for the most part with a longitudinal tendency, produced in front into a point
between the axille; axille long, almost meeting at base, separated from the

EXPLANATION OF TEXT-FIGURES 1-3.

Fig. 1.—Leptofenus australiensis Dodd. Female; side view.

Fig. 1a.—Leptofenus australiensis Dodd. Female; antenna.

Fig. 2.—Proamotura insularis var. grandis Dodd. Female.

Fig. 24.—Proamotura insularis var. grandis Dodd. Female; head and basal antennal joints.
Fig. 28.—Proamotura insularis var. grandis Dodd. Female; forewing.

Fig. 3.—Proamotura insularis var. grandis Dodd. Male ; propodeum and abdomen.

Fig. 34.—Proamotura insularis var: grandis Dodd. Male; forewing. .

66 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

scutellum by a deep groove, transversely wrinkled but reticulate anteriorly ;
propodeum as long as the scutellum, subquadrate, strongly transversely wrinkled,
without median or lateral carine, the spiracular sulci deep and parallel, the
spiracles large. Forewings subhyaline, reaching to the middle of segment 5 of
the abdomen; postmarginal vein very long, fully as long as the submarginal
and extending to the wing apex, the marginal less than one-half as long, the
stigmal vein short; discal cilia scattered and pointlike. Legs slender; anterior
and posterior coxe long and slender; all femora long and slender; tibize
lengthened, armed with fine slender hairs; tarsi armed beneath with about
three rows of stiff spinous setz, the second joint plainly longer than the first
or third. Petiole of abdomen very long, cylindrical, somewhat longer than the
posterior cox, margined behind, its dorsal surface strongly transversely striate
but shortly smooth at base; body of abdomen very long, from dorsal aspect
strongly compressed and with a median ridge extending from the base of
segment 4 almost to the apex; segment 2 somewhat shorter than the petiole,
3 a little shorter than 2, 4 twice as long as 3, 5 somewhat longer than 4,
6 two-thirds longer than 5, 7 short one-fourth as long as 6, 8 twice as long
as 7, 9 forming a slender stylus and almost three times as long as 8; segments
finely transversely wrinkled, but 2 is almost smooth with faint reticulation ;
oviposital valves exserted beyond the stylus for a length equal to that of the
abdomen including the stylus.

Male.—Unknown.

Habitat—North Queensland ; Cairns district, one female taken on a dead
tree trunk in the jungle in November, A. P. Dodd.

Type.—In the Queensland Museum.

Famity PTEROMALIDA.
Subfamily SPALANGIIN AL.
Proamotura Girault.

Insecutor Inscitize Menstruus, Washington, U.S.A., vol. viil., 1920, p. 143.
Cratomus Dodd (not Dalman), Trans. Royal Soc. of 8. Australia, vol. xlviii., 1924, p. 170.

In the paper mentioned above, the writer described two insects from
Lord Howe Island in the genus Cratomus Dalman, pointing cut, however,
that Dalman’s genus was unknown to him except from descriptions; at the
same time their close resemblance to species of the Spalangiid genera Spalangia
Latreille and Cerocephala Westwood was mentioned. Mr. A. B. Gahan of the
U. 8. Bureau of Entomology has very kindly compared the description in my
paper with the genus Cratomus as understood by Ashmead ; he writes: “ Cratomus
as represented by Ashmead’s determination of the genotype species is evidently
quite a different genus from the one you discuss. It bears little resemblance

PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA FROM AUSTRALIA.—DODD. 67

to a Spalangia and is quite like Sphegigaster except for the head which is
unlike anything else in the Chalcidoidea, so far as I know. The head of
Cratomus, viewed from in front, is very broad, concave down the middle with
a very broad groove on each side extending obliquely from the interior eye
margin towards the clypeus, the edges of this groove forming two prominent.
protuberances or horns on either side near the eye margins. Cratomus is
sculptured like any other Sphegigasterine, the pronotum is short, propodeum
short without distinct median or lateral carine, the parapsidal grooves absent,
and the abdomen shortly petiolate.” Thus there is little doubt that the two
species described by me are wrongly placed.

However, the genus has been described by A. A. Girault, the type being
Proamatura aquila Girault. I have seen the type species, and beside the two
species from Lord Howe Island, have taken a fourth species which is described
herewith.

Girault placed the genus in the Cleonymide, to which family, in my
mind, it cannot possibly belong. Despite the presence of two apical spurs on
the posterior tibiz, it is clearly a Spalangiid. In this determination Mr. Gahan
has concurred, as follows :—‘‘ 1 am of the opinion that your insect must be a.
Spalangiine more or less closely related to Cerocephala. The long pronotum
and propodeum, complete foveolate parapsidal grooves, longly petiolated
abdomen, maculated wings, and smooth head and thorax certainly suggest
Cerocephala, and do not fit anywhere else in the Chalcidoidea that I can think
of.”’

Under the name Cratomus, I have fully described the generic characters ;
these characters are diagnosed in this paper in the description of the form
named P. insularis, variety grandis. The genus may be distinguished from
other Spalangiid genera by the deep antennal grooves, the head thus appearing
tricornute, and the insertion of the antenne in the middle of the face. The
male is known in insularis only; in that species the petiole is very short in
the female, long in the male. The tuft of hairs near the apex of the sub-
marginal vem, in aquila is absent in the other species.

Key to the Species of Proamotura Girault.
1. Forewings with two cross-bands ae ae a ee ee . 2.
Forewings with one cross-band a : ae viridinotum Dodd.

2. Pronotum sub-concentrically striate; a strong tuft of hairs at end of

sub-marginal vein... ; aquula Girault.

Pronotum smooth ; no tuft of hairs on submarginal vein .. ae ae 3.
3. Petiole of abdomen short, transverse .. a =A dia Ae .. tnsularis Dodd.
Petiole of abdomen plainly longer than wide .. ok fs .. perpulchra new species.

Proamotura aquila Girault.
Insecutor Inscitize Menstruus, Washington, U.S.A., 1920, p. 143.
Female.—Length, 1:75-2:25 mm.
Head and thorax clear yellow-brown, the mesoscutum, scutellum and base
of propodeum somewhat darker; abdomen metallic-purple, reddish at base ;

68 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

legs fulvous, the coxze brownish, the posterior coxe washed with metallic
above; antennal scape yellow, the pedicel and flagellum yellow-brown, the

club somewhat darker.

Frons plainly convex, antennal scrobes deep and continued to the
mouth, the three ridges distinct ; upper frons and vertex smooth, with scattered
pin-punctures; scrobes very faintly sculptured, the frons on either side
pubescent with numerous punctures and longitudinal striz; cheeks with
numerous punctures. Antennal scape somewhat curved, produced at apex to
enclose base of pedicel; pedicel one-third longer than its greatest width ;
funicle 1 distinctly longer than the pedicel, almost twice as long as its greatest
width, 3 as wide as long, 6 plainly wider than long; club longer than the two
preceding joints united, the divisions indicated. Pronotum densely finely
sub-concentrically striate; scutum and axille smooth; scutellum no longer
than its greatest width, smooth medially, longitudinally striate laterally, faintly
reticulate posteriorly ; propodeum rather strongly reticulate-rugose, the median
carina hardly marked, the lateral carine delicate and irregular. Forewings
hyaline, with two pale brown cross-bands, the first band very narrow, the
second broad; discal cilia point-like, scattered in the distal three-fifths of the
wing; marginal cilia along the distal margin moderately long; a strong tuft
of hairs is present at the apex of the submarginal vein. Abdominal petiole
a little longer than wide ; body of abdomen from lateral aspect almost straight
above, convex beneath, the oviposital valves exserted for a. short distance ;
posterior margin of segment 2 sharply incised at ‘meson.

Male.—Unknown. —

Habitat.— Queensland; Brisbane, in March, H. Hacker; Ayr, three
females in June, A. P. Dodd; Cairns, one female in November, A. P. Dodd.
The Brisbane examples were bred from beetle-infested wood of Mallotus

philippinensis.
Type.—In the Queensland Museum.

Proamotura insularis Dodd.
Cratomus insularis Dodd, Trans. Royal Soc. of S. Australia, vol. xlviii., 1924, p. 171.

Lord Howe Island.

Proamotura insularis grandis new variety.

Female.—Length, excluding the ovipositor, 44-75 mm.

Black, the prothorax red anteriorly; head red, with a dark spot around
the ocelli; abdomen deep red, dusky at base and apex, with a broad black
cross-band at one-half its length; oviposital valves pale yellowish for basal
half, fuscous for apical half; antennz wholly red; anterior and intermediate
cox blackish, the posterior coxz yellowish-white ; all femora -black, the tibiz
dusky-brown, the tarsi testaceous, the trochanters red.

PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA FROM AUSTRALIA—DODD. 69

Frons convex and somewhat produced between the eyes, the ridges
between and on either side of the deep antennal grooves very sharply defined,
the central ridge appearing as a thin carina above and reaching almost to the
frontal ocellus; below the antennal insertion the central ridge broadens and
flattens, extends to the clypeus, and is separated on either side from the face
by a thin groove; vertex smooth except for scattered small punctures bearing
fine sete, in front of the frontal ocellus with larger more numerous punctures ;
scrobes finely sub-concentrically striate ; between the scrobes and the eyes, the
frons is longitudinally striate and with shallow scattered punctures ; face below
the line of the antennal insertion obliquely striate, indefinitely punctate, and
with fine rather dense pubescence; cheeks rather densely punctate. Antenne
inserted in the middle of the frons; 9-jointed, scape, pedicel, six funicle
joints, the club solid but showing indications of two divisions ; flagellum slightly
clavate ; scape moderately long and stout, somewhat curved, produced on
either side at apex around the base of the pedicel; pedicel one-third longer
than, its greatest width; funicle 1 narrowed at base, longer than the pedicel,
almost twice as long as its greatest width; 2-6 decreasing in length, 3 as
wide as long, 6 plainly wider than long; club joint fully twice as long as its
greatest width. Thorax, from dorsal aspect, twice as long as its greatest
width ; from lateral aspect somewhat convex above; pronotum large, as long
as wide, sub-quadrate, smooth except for a few small punctures, its neck
transversely striate; scutum somewhat shorter than the pronotum, the parap-
sidal furrows very deep and strongly foveate, the lobes convex, the surface
smooth, the lateral lobes and the median lobe posteriorly with a few small
setigerous punctures; scutellum as long as its greatest width, smooth, with a
few small punctures near its lateral margins, faintly reticulate against the
posterior margin, and just before the posterior margin on either side there is
a transverse row of fovee extending for one-third its width; axille meeting
inwardly, separated from the scutellum by a coarsely foveate groove ; propodeum
rather long, narrowed posteriorly and with a short neck, the median and lateral
carine distinct but not continued on the neck; within the lateral carine the
surface is strongly irregularly transversely striate, outside the lateral carine
and on the posterior neck the sculpture is coarsely rugose-reticulate. Anterior
and posterior femora somewhat swollen; tibize slender, the posterior pair at
apex with two slender unequal spines; posterior coxe rather long. Forewings
well-developed ; lightly yellowish with two dark cross-bands; the first band is
twice as deep as broad and is appended from the upward bend of the sub-
marginal vein; the second band is the larger, almost as broad as deep, its
distal margin convex, and is appended from the apex of the marginal and all
of the stigmal vein; marginal cilia absent proximally, the distal margin with
a dense rather short fringe of hairs; discal cilia absent for basal two-fifths of
the wing, fine and scattered in the distal three-fifths, but coarse and dense
against the distal margin; venation fuscous, very distinct; marginal vein
two-thirds as long as the submarginal, the stigmal vein long and curved and
about as long as the postmarginal; submarginal vein bearing a few bristles,

70 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

the marginal and postmarginal bearing dense long hairs; no tuft of bristles
at the end of the submarginal vein, but beneath the distal end of the marginal
and the base of the stigmal veins there is a patch of scattered coarse hairs.
Abdomen convex beneath, a little convex above, rounded on its sides, no
longer than the thorax; petiole short, transverse, rugose; body of abdomen
smooth, finely transversely wrinkled on basal half of segments 5-7; segment 2
(first body segment) as long as 4, its posterior margin deeply concave at meson. ;
oviposital valves stout, exserted for a length equal to one-half that of the
abdomen.

Male.—Length, 2-5-3 mm.

Body wholly black, the dorsal surface with metallic green reflections ;
legs coloured as in the female but the posterior cox are broadly dark at
base; antennal scape black, the pedicel deep red, the flagellum deep red
basally verging to blackish apically.

Head as in the female, the sculpture similar, the frontal ridges less
pronounced. Antenne 11-jointed ; scape rather short and stout ; pedicel distinctly
shorter than funicle 2; funicle 1 small, wider than long, like a ring-joint ;
2-8 longitudinally striate, 2 somewhat the longest, 8 a little longer than wide ;
apical joint almost twice as long as the penultimate. Structure and sculpture of
thorax as in the female. Forewings sub-hyaline, with one cross-band or blotch
appended from the stigmal and apex of marginal veins. Petiole of abdomen
very long, slender, longer than the posterior coxe, more than one-half as long
as the body of the abdomen, several times as long as wide, finely rugose ;
body of abdomen short, strongly convex above, straight beneath ; segment 2
longest, a little longer than 3, its posterior margin straight; 3 very plainly
longer than 4; 4-8 transverse.

Habitat—North Queensland ; Cairns district, three females, eight males,
on tree trunks in November, A. P. Dodd.

Type and Allotype in the Queensland Museum.
Paratypes in the author’s collection.

The differences in colour and abdominal characters DoE the sexes
is very pronounced.

After comparing this form with insularis, no specific differences could be
detected. On account of the larger size (insularis 2-75 mm., grandis female
44:75 mm.) and the darker wings, it was thought advisable i oi eto this
mainland form from the Lord Howe Island insect.

Proamotura perpulchra new species.
Female.—Length, excluding ovipositor, 2-25 mm.

Head chestnut-red ; prothorax , mesoscutum, axille, and anterior half of
mesopleure and mesosternum, red; scutellum dull metallic-green; rest of the

PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA FROM AUSTRALIA.—DODD. 71

thorax black; abdomen dull red, broadly purplish at one-half its length and
narrowly so at apex; petiole black, white for basal third; oviposital valves
reddish, the apical third dusky; antennal scape pale yellow, the pedicel and
flagellum fulvous, the first flagellar joint dull brown; anterior and _ posterior
cox white, the latter dusky at base above, the intermediate cox piceous ;
trochanters dusky; femora reddish-brown, darker at base and apex; tibize
reddish-brown, the posterior tibiz darker, the anterior and intermediate tibize
pale yellow at apex; tarsi pale yellow.

Head from dorsal aspect transverse; from lateral aspect the frons is
gently convex; the frontal ridges not strongly pronounced, shorter and not
nearly reaching to the anterior ocellus; vertex and upper frons smooth, with
scattered pin-punctures bearing fine setz; cheeks with scattered punctures,
finely scaly centrally ; antennal scrobes and lower frons striate as in insularis.
Antennal scape moderately slender, its apex scarcely produced ; pedicel almost
twice as long as its greatest width; funicle 1 slightly longer than the pedicel,
fully twice as long as its greatest width; 2-6 gently clavate, 6 as long as
wide ; club apparently 3-jomted, longer than the two preceding joints united.
Pronotum somewhat wider than long, no longer than the scutum; scutellum
with a row of four black hairs against either lateral margin, without the
incomplete posterior row of fovee; prcnotum, scutum, scutellum, and axilla,
smooth and polished; propodeum strongly irregularly reticulate, the median
carina faintly marked, the lateral carine weak and irregular. Anterior and
posterior femora somewhat swollen. Forewings sub-hyaline, with the two
brown, cross-bands as in insularis; discal cilia scattered and point-like in the
distal half of the wing, not becoming coarse and dense against the distal
margin; distal margin with a long fringe of marginal cilia; postmarginal vein
somewhat shorter than the stigmal. Petiole.of abdomen twice as long as wide,
irregularly longitudinally striate and finely rugose; segment 2 as long as 4, its
posterior margin straight or faintly concave, not incised; oviposital valves
exserted for a length equal to one-half that of the body of the abdomen.

Male —Unknown.

Habitat.—South Queensland; Mt. Tambourine, 2,000 ft., one female in
January, A. P. Dodd.

Type.—tIn, the Queensland Museum.

Proamotura perpulchra metallica new variety.
Female.—Length, 1-°75-2.20 mm.

Head deep reddish-brown suffused with metallic, also prothorax, meso-
scutum, and mesopleure ; scutellum and axille metallic green, the propodeum
and metapleurze black; abdomen wholly metallic purplish; antennal scape
testaceous, joints 5-8 deep red, 2—4 brownish, the club dusky; the colour
otherwise as in perpulchra. Second band of forewing much larger than in

72 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

perpulchra, its distal margin strongly convex (almost straight in perpulchra).
Oviposital valves exserted for a length equal to two-thirds that of body of
abdomen.

Male.—Unknown.

Habitat.—North Queensland; Cairns district, two females in April,
A. P. Dodd.

Type.—tn the Queensland Museum.
Paratype.—In the author’s collection.

At first glance, this form appears very distinct from perpulchra ; however,
the difference lies mainly in the more extensive metallic colouration. Possibly
a series of specimens would show that the colour is not constant.

Proamotura viridinotum Dodd.

Cratomus viridinotum Dodd, Trans. Royal Soc. of 8. Australia, vol. xlviii., 1924,-p. 171.
Lord Howe Island.

PROCTOTRYPOIDEA.

Family SCELIONID Ai.
Oxyteleia Kieffer.

Ann. Soc. Scient., Brussels, vol. xxxii., 1908, p. 118. —

In Das Tierreich, 1926, Kieffer states of this genus “ Distinguished from
Ceratoteleia by the 2-toothed metanotum,” and lists six species from New
Guinea, Brazil, and the West Indies, the type being O. bidentata Kieffer from
New Guinea. In the Genera Insectorum, 1910, he further states that the
metanotum is armed with a tooth or spine at each extremity of the posterior
border.

The species described below is very similar to the many Australian
species of the Baryconus-Ceratotelera relationship, being distinguished from them
by the teeth at the posterior angles of the metanotum.

Oxyteleia bifurcata new species.
Female.—Length, 2-50 mm.

Black ; legs, including the coxe, and first two antennal joints clear
golden-yellow ; mandibles red.

Head, from dorsal aspect, twice as wide as long, the vertex sloping to
the occipital border which is foveate, margined, and semi-circularly concave ;
eyes moderately large, with scattered long fine hairs; ocelli rather wide apart,
moderately large, the lateral pair separated from the eye margins by less than
their own diameter; cheeks and temples rather broad; frons broad, without a
frontal impression; upper frons and vertex with numerous scattered punctures

PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA FROM AUSTRALIA.—DODD. 73

of moderate size bearing long fine set, and with indications of short blunt
longitudinal strie; frons for the most part smooth and shining, against the
eyes with a few blunt obscure striz; lower face against the mouth strongly
striate ; cheeks with numerous punctures and more or less obscure striae, strongly
striate against the mouth; mandibles tridentate, the teeth acute. Antennal
scape long and slender; pedicel two-thirds longer than its greatest width ;
funicle 1 as wide and slightly longer than the pedicel, 2 plainly shorter than 1
~ and not much longer than wide, 3 quadrate, 4 wider than long; club 6-jointed,
joint 1 rather small, 2-5 each about twice as wide as long, 3 slightly the
widest. Thorax, from dorsal aspect, one-third longer than its greatest width ;
pronotum very narrowly visible from above, densely punctate and with long
fine hairs; scutum stout, convex anteriorly ,its anterior margin broadly rounded ;
parapsidal furrows wide apart, complete, foveate, widening posteriorly ; parap-
sides and anterior half of median lobe with dense punctures of moderate size
bearing fine sete, the posterior half of the median lobe smooth with a very
few punctures ; scutellum with its posterior margin almost straight, the anterior
and posterior margins with very strong rows of fovex, the disc smooth with
scattered very fine punctures bearing fine sete; metanotal plate strongly foveate,
wide, almost as wide as the posterior margin of the scutellum, transverse, its
posterior angles each with a stout tooth which are widely separated ; propodeum
sloping, moderately short, strongly excavated at meson, the excavated area
bounded by carinze which are wide apart at base and diverge slightly to join
the true lateral carine, the lateral margins with a stout blunt tooth anteriorly
and a small blunt tooth at the posterior angles; pro- and meso-pleure densely
punctate, the former with a smooth area above, the depression on the meso-
pleure smooth and very deep; a distinct narrow sclerite is present between
the propleurz and the mesopleure. Forewings broad, extending almost to apex
of abdomen; uniformly lightly brownish; venation distinct, dusky-yellow ;
submarginal vein joining the costa at one-half the wing length; marginal vein
short, not more than one-third as long as the stigmal, which is long, very
oblique, knobbed at apex, the postmarginal a little shorter than the stigmal ;
basal vein not marked. Abdomen one-third longer than the head and thorax
united ; 24 times as long as its greatest width; gradually narrowed toward
the base and coming to a point at the apex; segments 1-3 with a dorso-
lateral carina on either side; segment 1 not one-half as wide at base as
posteriorly, somewhat shorter than its posterior width, av base with a short
horn or protuberance; 2 gradually widening, one-third longer than 1; 3 one-
fourth longer than 2, three-fourths as long as wide; 4 less than one-half as
long as 3; 5 somewhat shorter than 4; 6 somewhat longer than 5, as long
as its greatest width, its lateral margins angled at one-half their length ;
segment 1 with five strong carine medially, rugulose laterally, and with one
abbreviated stria on either side, the basal horn smooth; 2 shining, with strong
sparse striae which curve away somewhat from the straight median stria, the
surface between the strie coriaceous; 3 rather densely finely punctate, but
posteriorly there is a median area smooth except for a few punctures, laterally

74 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

the surface is finely striate and finely punctate between the strie; 4 and 5
smooth, with scattered punctures bearing fine hairs; 6 densely granulate and
with some pubescence.

Male.—Very similar to the female except in sexual characters. Punctures
of segment 3 of abdomen denser and sub-confluent, the smooth posterior area
small; abdomen showing eight segments, 7 and 8 very short, 6 short and
punctate like 5. Antenne black, the first two joints clear golden-yellow ; pedicel
not much longer than its greatest width ; flagellar joints moniliform and shortly
pubescent ; 1 plainly longer than the pedicel, almost twice as long as its
greatest width; 2-9 subequal, each a little longer than wide, the apical joint
two-thirds longer.

Habitat—North Queensland; Cairns district, one female, seven males
in November, A. P. Dodd.

Type and Allotype-—In the Queensland Museum.

Paratypes.—In the author’s collection.

Aratala new genus.

Female-—Head_ subglobose ; occipital margin deeply convex and not
margined ; from lateral aspect the outline of the frons is convex; eyes small,
situated rather low down on the frons, not as long as their distance from the
posterior margin, bare; ocelli small, rather close together, situated behind the
posterior line of the eyes; cheeks broad; face lightly depressed above the
antennal insertion; mandibles bidentate, the teeth small, the outer tooth
acute, the inner tooth truncate; maxillary palpi 4-jointed, the labial palpi
2-jointed. Antenne 12-jointed, the scape slender, the funicle joints short, the
club 5-jointed. Thorax slender, the dorsal surface rather flattened ; pronotum
long, narrowed anteriorly in the form of a neck; scutum narrowed anteriorly,
as long as its greatest width, the parapsidal furrows absent; scutellum as long
as wide, rounded behind, without anterior or posterior foveate lines, its margins
not differentiated ; metanotum short, prolonged medially into a conical flat
area fitting close into the propodeum and reaching its posterior margin ;
propodeum long laterally and sloping, its posterior margin faintly concave, its
posterior angles with a minute tooth; propleure large, faintly depressed
anteriorly ; mesopleurz large, entire, without the usual dorso-ventral depression,
faintly depressed against the coxe; metapleure moderately large, entire.
Femora somewhat thickened ; posterior coxe slender; posterior tibie slender
for their basal half, thickened for their apical half; proximal joint of posterior
tarsi very long, as long as the following united. Forewings well-developed ;
marginal cilia moderately short ; discal cilia very dense but absent at the wing
base ; venation absent, except for a trace of a submarginal vein and a
thickened mark in lieu of a marginal vein. Hindwings long. Abdomen one-
half longer than the head and thorax united; slender, narrowly spatulate ;

PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA FROM AUSTRALIA.—DODD. 75

‘segment 1 narrowed, petioliform, depressed at its anterior and posterior margins,
somewhat longer than wide; 2 no longer than 1, plainly shorter than its
greatest width; 3 as long as 1 and 2 or 4-6 united, one-half longer than its
greatest width; 4-6 each much wider than long.

Male.—Unknown.
Type.—aA. globiceps, described herewith.

A peculiar genus with obsolete venation, related to Doddiella Kieffer,
Aneuroscelio Kieffer, and Mallateleia Dodd, from which genera it may be
distinguished by the form of the head, small eyes, elongate pronotum, and the
conical projection of the metanotum fitting into the propodeum. The absence:
of the dorso-ventral impression of the mesopleurze appears unusual for the

family.

Text-figure 4.—Aratala globiceps Dodd. Head, thorax, and abdomen of female.

Aratala globiceps new species.
Female.—Length, 1:75 mm.

Dull black; legs, including the coxe, brownish-yellow, the posterior
cox at base with dense silvery pubescence ; antennz piceous, the scape yellow
at base.

Head with dense fine scaly impressed reticulation and numerous scattered
fine whitish hairs. Antennal scape rather short; pedicel twice as long as its
greatest width ; funicle joints smaller and narrower than the pedicel, 1 a little
longer than wide, 2-5 each somewhat wider than long, 5 slightly widened ;
club compact, joints 1-4 transverse. Pronotum rather coarsely scaly, with a
dense pubescence of coarse silvery hairs; scutum and scutellum with fine scaly
reticulation and numerous fine silvery hairs; projection of metanotum finely
longitudinally striate; propodeum smooth; propleura finely reticulate above,
finely longitudinally striate below, with a few fine hairs; mesopleuree smooth
with a few fine hairs and fine strie against the tegule; metapleurze smcoth.
Forewings distinctly clouded, the basal third hyaiine; hindwings hyaline.
Abdominal segments 1-3 smooth and without sculpture; lateral margins of 1
and 2 with dense silvery pubescerce; 4 smooth, but in some lights showing
finely reticulate; 5 and 6 with fine reticulation and very fine pubescence.

Habitat—New South Wales, Moonie River, three females in October.
A. °? Doda.

Type.—titn the Queensland Museum.

Paratypes.—In the author’s collection.

76 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES.

An annotated list of fishes collected from the waters of the Northern Territory
of Australia during the cruises of H.M.A.S. ‘‘Geranium,’’ 1923-1925.

By W E. J. Parapice, M.B., Ch.M., Surc. LIEUT.-COMMANDER R.A.N., AND
G. P. WHITLEY, ICHTHYOLOGIST, AUSTRALIAN MuSEuUM, SYDNEY.*

Plates XI.-XV., and Text-figures 1-3,

INTRODUCTION.

THE fishes comprising this collection were obtained by one of us
{(W.E.J.P.) during the winter months of 1923 and 1924, and by the succeeding
Medical Officer (Surgeon Lieutenant K. E. F. D. Hudson, R.A.N.) in 1925.

The generic and specific identification of the ‘‘ Geranium’’ collection
was the work of our esteemed friend, the late Mr. A. R. McCulloch, and his
assistant (the junior author), who has now succeeded him.

The notes were made at the time of capture of the specimens by the
senior author, who has also figured and described the new species appearing:
in the collection. ea

In preparing this list, we have made great use of ‘‘A List of the
Fishes Recorded from Queensland Waters,’ by A. R. McCulloch and G. P..
Whitley, published in Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, Vol. VIII., Part IL.,
to which the reader is referred for references to literature, hoping that our
list will to some degree serve as supplement to the former publication.

The majority of the fish mentioned in our list appear in the former
publication, and we feel sure that those fish mentioned by us, which were
collected at Sir Edward Pellew Group (our main collecting ground), and have
not so far been recorded from Queensland waters, will in time be collected.
from there, as these islands are situated in the Gulf of Carpentaria only
a few miles from the Queensland border.

The other localities from which fish were collected were Cape Wessel
and Port Darwin, and fish from these localities might reasonably be expected
to occur at least occasionally in Queensland waters.

* By permission of the Director of Naval Medical Services, and of the Trustees of the
Australian Museum, Sydney.

tI desire here to record my thanks to Commander H. T. Bennett, D.S.0., R.N.,
who commanded H.M.A.S. ‘“‘ Geranium’? during these years, for enabling me to avail
myself of every possible opportunity to collect biological specimens and for securing no:
mean number himself. The officers and men of the ship interested themselves in
collecting, and further enhanced my personal collection. To Sick Berth Petty Officers.
Beatty and Kirkwood, who helped Dr. Hudson and myself with the preservation of
specimens, my thanks are also tendered.—W.E.J.P.

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES--PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 77

The ‘“‘ Geranium”’ collection has been presented to the Australian Museum,
where it is now housed. A series of duplicates is being prepared for the
Queensland Museum.

Attention is drawn to the fact that the word Pellew in this report
invariably refers to Sir Edward Pellew Group of Islands in the Gulf of
Carpentaria, Australia, and not to any other locality of somewhat similar name.

LIST OF FAMILIES REPRESENTED IN THE COLLECTION.

(In the order in which they are dealt with. The name of a _ well-known
species is given after the Family.)

1. GaLErDa.—Sharks. 29. LeTHRINIDa.—Grey Snapper.
2. Dasyatip#.—Sting Rays. 30. SpARIDa.—Bream.
2a, RHINOBATIDa.—Shovel-nosed 31. GERRID#.—Nilverbelly.
Rays. 32. MuLiipa.—Red Mullet.
3. CHIROCENTRID&.—Wolf Herring. 33. SILLAGINIDA.—Whiting.
4. CLUPEID#.—Herrings. 34. MonopacTyLip#.—Silver Bat Fish.
5. Dorosomip#.—Hair- Backed 35. PLatacipa.—Bat Fish.
Herring. 36. DREPANID&.—Spotted Bat Fish.
6. ENGRAULID&.—Anchovy. 37. SCATOPHAGID&.—Butter Fish.
7. Prorostp#.—Kel-tailed Cat Fish. 38. CnHatopontrip#.—Ornate Coral Fish.
8. Aritp#.—Salmon Cat Fish. 39. SigANip#.—Black Trevally.
9. Mur@NneEsocip#.—Eels. 40. PaRaLicHTHy1pD#.—Flounders.
10. Muranrpa.—Reef-eels. 41. Synaprurip#.—Soles.
11. Betontpa.—Long-toms. 42. CynoGLossip2.—Tongue Sole.
12. Hemrrnampuip#.—Garfish. 43. ScorP2NID#.—Red Rock Cod.
13. Exoca@7T1pa.—Flying Fish. 44, PLaTycEPHALID#.—Flathead.
14. Gaptipa.—Cod-like Fish. 45. PomaceNTRIDa.—Demoiselle.
15. ATHERINID#.—Hardyhead. 46. Lapripa#.—Parrot Fish (with sep-
16. MeLaANoTaNiiDa.—Freshwater arate teeth).
Sunfish. 47. Scarip#.—Parrot Fish (with fused
17. Mueitipa.—Mullet. teeth).
18. SpPHYRa/NIDm.—Sea Pike. 48. PeRIopTHALMID™.—Mangrove Fish.
18a. Potynemipa&.—Cooktown Salmon. 49. EcHENEIDA.—Sucker Fish. |
188. ScomBripa.—Mackerel. 50. BLuennuipa.—Blenny.
19. Canancipa.—Trevally. 51. Concrogapipm.—Dagger Fish.
20. LerognaTHIps.—Pony Fish. 52. BaTRACHOIDID#.—Frog Fish.
21. Apoconrpm™.—Soldier Fish. 53. ANTENNARIID2.—Angler Fish.
22. AmMBAssID#.—Perch-like Fish. 54. TrracantHipa.—Three Spined Leather
23. Latripa.—Giant Perch. Jacket.
24, EpINEPHELID™.—Rock Cod. - 55. Monacanruip.—Leather Jacket.
25. PszupocHRoMID#.—Coral Fish. 56. PstLocePpHALID&™.—Long Leather
26. Luttanipa.—Red Snapper, Hussar. Jacket.
27. Pomapasipa.—Sweet Lips. 57. OsTRACIIDA.—Box Fish.

28. TERAPONTID.—Grunter. 58. TETRAODONTIDA.—Toado.

78 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

eThuraday L
Leet) Duman
fmsranet :
NORTHERN
TERRITORY
a
: e
QUE E NSLAND.
LOCALITY SKETCH,
Class ELASMOBRANCHII. Subclass SELACHII.
Order EUSELACHII. Family GALEID. [1.]
Galeocerdo arcticus Faber. Pellew.

The tiger shark frequents these waters in considerable numbers.
It affords great sport to the sailors who capture it by hook and _ line.
On one afternoon five of these sharks ranging from seven feet to thirteen
feet in length were captured. They were found to contain refuse from
the ship, a partly digested green turtle, carapace intact, and some
small birds of the sandpiper type.

Aprionodon acutidens Riippell. Pellew.
Small sharks of this species from eighteen inches to three feet
in length were at times caught in considerable numbers by line. They
obviously move about in shoals.

Hypoprion macloti Miiller and Henle. Pellew.
Appears to be similar in habit to the preceding species.

Order BATOIDEI. Family DASYATID [2].
Himantura arnak Forskal. Pellew.
Teeniura lymma Forskal. Pellew.
‘ Both these rays were captured from time to time on the sand
ats.

There are many Elasmobranchs in Pellew waters, although the
number of species appears limited. The commonest species of all is

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES—PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 79

not represented in the collection, as all our specimens were between
six and seven feet long and therefore could not be preserved in our
receptacles. This species, which appears from a photograph to be
Rhinobatus armatus Gray [2a|*, is found basking in the shallow water
of the sand flats, often where it is barely deep enough for it to
submerge completely.

Class PISCES. ' Subclass ACTINOPTERI.
Order ISOSPONDYLI. Family CHIROCENTRIDA [3].
Chirocentrus dorab Forskal. Pellew.
This fish was met with in schools of four or six at various times.
As a table fish it is extremely bony.

Family CLUPEIDA® [4].
Harengula kanagurta Bleeker. Pellew.
A new record for Australia. Figured herewith (Plate XII., Fig. 1).
Harengula bulan Bleeker. Darwin.
A new record for Australia.
Neosteus ditchela Cuvier and Valenciennes. Pellew.
Our specimen of this species agrees very well with Bleeker’s figure
(Atl. Ichth. vi. 1870-2, p. 117, plate 269, fig. 2) as Tisha heevennii.
Herrings are met with in small numbers in the winter months,
I am informed that large shoals of these fish make their way up to.
Pellew waters from February to April, but not having witnessed this
myself I am unable to say which species take part in this migration.
(W.E.J.P.)
Family DOROSOMIDA® [5].

Nematalosa come Richardson. Darwin.

Family ENGRAULIDA® [6].

Anchoviella carpentarize De Vis. Pellew.
Very small fish of this species were met with moving in small
shoals over the shallow sand flats during the winter months.

Thrissocles hamiltoni Gray. Darwin.
Order NEMATOGNATHI. Family PLOTOSIDA‘ [7].
Tandanus (Neosilurus) hyrtlii Steindachner. Howard River, Darwin.

This freshwater catfish was found dead among the weeds. It had
only recently died, as there were no obvious signs of decomposition.

* Two small specimens of Rhinobatus armatus Gray have since come to hand from the
Northern Territory, collected by Surg. Lieut. G. Courtney, of H.M.A.S. “ Geranium” (1926).

80 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Family ARIIDA® [8].

Arius (Tachysurus) greeffei Kner and Steindachner. Pellew.
This was the only marine species of catfish met with, two or three
being caught by line on several occasions. A new record for Australia.

Order APODES. Family MURCENESOCIDA: [9].
Murcenesox arabicus Bloch & Schneider. Pellew.

Family MURAINIDA: [10].
Gymnothorax undulatus Lacépéde. Pellew.

Order SYNENTOGNATHI. Family BELONIDA® [11]}.
Tylosurus strongylurus Van Hasselt. Pellew.

Tylosurus giganteus Temminck and Schlegel. Pellew.
The commonest species.

Tylosurus ferox Giinther. Pellew.

Tylosurus caudimacula Cuvier. Pellew.
The various species of Tylostrus above mentioned are caught in
company with garfish in the shallow water cf the sand flats. They
are all good table fish.

Family HEMIRHAMPHIDA® [12].
Hemirhamphus far Forskal. Pellew and Darwin.

This is the commonest and largest species. It was commoner at Pellew
during July than later in the year. Caught by net on the sand flats.

Hemirhamphus welsbyi Ogilby. Pellew.

This species is distinguished by one black spot on the side below
the dorsal fin. A few specimens were caught at night alongside the
ship and others were taken by net. Also taken at Thursday Island.
Previously known only from the two cotypes. Figured herewith (Plate
XI., Fig. 3).

Hemirhamphus quoyi Cuvier and Valenciennes. Pellew.
A fairly common species. Figured herewith (Plate XI., Fig. 2).

Arrhamphus sclerolepis Giinther. Pellew and Darwin.

Next to the Carangide, the Hemirhamphide are the commonest
fish in Pellew waters. They move in large schools in the shallow water
of the sand flats accompanied by longtoms, and are usually taken by
net. As in the Mugilide the northern species are commonly of a larger
size than the southern species. All the garfish are excellent table fish.

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES—PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 81

Family EXOCQTIDA: [13].

Parexoccetus brachypterus Richardson. At sea between Cape Wessel and
Cape York.

A single specimen of this species flew on board.

Flying fish are common in the Gulf of Carpentaria, but all seen by
us were of small size.

Order ANACANTHINI. Family GADIDA® [14].

Bregmaceros mcclellandi Thompson. Darwin.

Our only specimen of this rare species was of juvenile form and
was obtained in a pool in a coral reef. See McCulloch, Rec. Austr.
Mus. XV., 1, 1926, p. 30. ;

Order PERCOMORPHI. Suborder PERCESOCES.

Family ATHERINID [15].
Hepsetia pinguis Lacépéde. Pellew.

Family MELANOTANIID [16].
Melanoteenia nigrans Richardson. Howard River, Darwin.

This species was present in large numbers.

Family MUGILIDAS [17].

Mugil (Liza) waigiensis Quoy and Gaimard. Pellew.
Fish of this species of all sizes are common. The adults frequent
the sand flats whilst the young are often found in sandy bottomed
pools among rocks. Commoner in July than later in the year.

Mugil longimanus Giinther. Pellew.
This is the commonest species. Maximum number present in
November.

The Mugilide are all good table fish. The flesh is oilier than that
of most fish and large specimens are coarse. In northern waters they
grow to a larger size than further south.

Family SPHYRANIDZ [18].
Sphyreena altipinnis Ogilby. Pellew.

A common species, the majority of specimens being 24 to 30 inches
in length. A new record for Australia.

F

82 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Suborder RHEGNOPTERI. Family POLYNEMID [18a].

Polynemus (Eleutheronema) tetradactylus Shaw. Pellew.

Two specimens of this species between twenty and thirty inches
in length were captured on the sand flats. They do not appear in the
collection, having been used for table purposes, their flesh being of
good quality. |

Series SCOMBRIFORMES. Family SCOMBRIDA‘ [18s].

, No representative of this family appears in the collection, but small
schools of fish about two feet long were seen in Pellew waters, and one
specimen was captured but not preserved.

They certainly belonged to this family, and from superficial observation
I believe them to be young of Scomberomorus commerson Lacépéde. (W.E.J.P.)

Series CARANGIFORMES. Family CARANGIDA( [19].

Caranx speciosus Forskal. Pellew.
This is the commonest species of Caranx. The fish move in shoals
over the sandy bottom, their average size being a little over a foot

in length.

When caught this fish is a silvery blue, with several transverse
bands of a slightly darker tint above the lateral line, and a pale yellow
below; almost immediately the pale yellow becomes much depeer and
a yellow tinge is seen above the lateral line. The yellow tint then
fades and returns several times before the fish dies; after death the
colour is invariably deep yellow, somewhat darker above the lateral
line than below it. The smaller the fish, the less the intensity of the
yellow. Only occasionally did these fish take a_ bait.

Caranx bucculentus Alleyne and Macleay. Pellew.

This fish is grey dorsally, fading to white over a smaller ventral
area. A very dark mottling can be discerned through the grey. As
the fish dies the head and nape become a very dark grey indeed.

Caranx parasitus Garman ? Pellew.
This small fish, a beautiful silver with a black post-opercular spot,
was obtained among the tentacles of a large rhizostome medusa.

Caranx forsteri Cuvier and Valenciennes. Pellew.
A fish which takes a bait with avidity. The young of this species
move in small shoals over the sandy bottoms.

Caranx radiatus Macleay. Pellew.
Our specimens, which were all about eight or nine inches long,
showed great variation in prolongation of fin rays, as follows :—
(1) A slight prolongation of the rays of both dorsal and anal fins.

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES—-PARADICEK AND WHITLEY. 83

(2) Marked prolongation of the rays of both these fins.

(3) Marked prolongation of dorsal rays and only slight prolongation
of anal rays.

Caranx armatus Forskal. Pellew.

A fish of the common bluish-grey colour, in which darker bands
can be distinguished.

After death the bands are indistinguishable.

Alectis indica Riippell. Pellew.

This fish, conspicuous on account of its extreme silverness and
elongated fin rays, was caught in small numbers on the sand _ flats
during July but was not met with later in the year.

Ulua mandibularis Macleay. Pellew.

This little-known fish was caught by net on several occasions—.
a pair being captured each time.

Trachinotus baillonii Lacépéde. Pellew.

Caught in small numbers on sandy beaches. This fish can at times.
be seen darting about in extremely shallow water.

Trachinotus ovatus Linnzeus. Pellew.

Caught less frequently than the preceding species. Our largest:
specimen was twenty-three inches long.

”

Scomberoides sancti-petri Cuvier and Valenciennes. Pellew.
Young specimens of this species were caught in almost every haul.

It is an extremely voracious fish and was at times noticed to attack
fish of a relatively large size. Fish of about three feet long were taken
by net on several occasions.

The family Carangide is well represented in the Pellew waters,
both in number of species and in the number of fish present. Of all the
fish caught by us almost half belonged to this family. These fish are
all good for eating purposes, their only defect being that the flesh
becomes soft and deteriorates in flavour in a comparatively short time
after capture. The Carangide as a whole were more plentiful in July
than in later months.

There is one large species of Caranx (our largest specimen was:
three feet five inches in length), which is met with from time to time
and which unfortunately is not represented in the collection.

$4

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Family LEIOGNATHID [20].

Gazza equuliformis Riippell. Pellew.
Leiognathus splendens C. & VY. Pellew and Darwin.

Leiognathus mortoniensis Ogilby. Pellew.
Leiognathus sp. Darwin. Austr. Museum Regd. No. JA. 1540.

Too young for specific identification.

The Leiognathide or pony fish are small fish resembling the silver
bellies (Gerridee) in form and habit, but they have not the compara-
tively large deciduous scales which are such a noticeable characteristic

of the latter.

Series PERCIFORMES. Family APOGONIDA® [21].

Apogon ruppellii Giinther. Darwin.
Archamia lineolata C. & V. Pellew.

Family AMBASSIDAD [22].

Ambassis (Priopis) gymnocephalus Lacépéde. Darwin.
Ambassis (Ambassis) nalua Hamilton-Buchanan. Darwin.

Family LATID [23].

Lates calearifer Bloch. Pellew and Darwin.

At both localities this fish was caught by net on mud flats.

Psammoperca waigiensis Cuvier and Valenciennes. Pellew.

Family EPINEPHELIDA: [24].

Centrogenys waigiensis Cuvier and Valenciennes. Darwin.

Caught in a pool in coral reef.

Plectropomus maculatus Bloch. Pellew.

A small specimen caught among coral.

Cephalopholis pachycentron Cuvier and Valenciennes. Pellew.
Epinephelus fasciatus Forskal. Pellew.

The majority of specimens of this species are a dusky brown with
vertical bands of a slightly darker tint, having a white edge to their
fins. One specimen caught well away from the mainland was of a
reddish colour with conspicuous brownish-grey vertical bands and. with
the edges of the fins a much cleaner white than the other specimens.

The species is common among the rocks.

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES—PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 85.

Epinephelus tauvina Forskal. Pellew.
A fairly common species caught by line usually at night.

Epinephelus megachir Richardson. Pellew and Darwin.
Similar in habit to the preceding species.
The various species of rock cod, as their name suggests, frequent
the rocky portions of the coast and coral reefs. They are therefore
seldom taken by net but they take a bait freely. With the exception

of large specimens, which are tough-skinned and coarse, they are
excellent eating fish.

Although the number of specimens captured was considerable it
was seldom that one exceeded seven inches in length in the waters of
Sir Edward Pellew group.

Family PSEUDOCHROMID [25].

Pseudochromis punctatus Richardson. Pellew and Darwin.
Caught in a pool on a coral reef.

Family LUTIANID [26].
Lutianus russelli Bleeker. Pellew.

Lutianus fulviflamma Forskal. Pellew.

Lutianus erythropterus Bloch. Pellew.

The changes of colour which occur in this fish as it grows are
particularly striking; it is at all stages a beautiful fish. The young
fish of 70 cms. in length is a rose-pink with a tinge of blue and brown
here and there on the body.

The dorsal, ventral and anal fins are black, and from the spinous
dorsal an oblique black line runs forward through the eye to the mouth.
Immediately anterior to the tail is a large black spot surrounded by a
lighter zone. The pectoral fins and tail are almost colourless.

In a specimen of 100 cms. most of the black has disappeared.
The fish is pink except for the oblique line which passed through the
eye and for a slight tinge of colour where the precaudal spot was. The
oblique line has now become a brown colour.

The adult colouring is assumed by the time the fish has reached
a length of 250 cms. It is then pink all over, the dorsal scales showing
a tinge of yellowish-brown, the ventral scales fading to a very pale pink,
whilst between the eyes there is a zone of deep pink (almost scarlet).

There is now no trace of the earlier black ‘markings.

36 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Lutianus sebze Cuvier and Valenciennes. Pellew.

The ‘‘ Government Bream” is another gorgeously marked fish which
shows considerable alteration with growth and variation among fish
of the same size.

Small fish show a considerable amount of white between the bright
red oblique lines which form the broad arrow.

Medium sized fish (400 ems. in length) are red all over except
ventrally where they fade to white, and have the lines of the arrow
a much darker red.

In really large fish the lines of the arrow are barely distinguishable,
the whole of the dorsal half of the fish having become a dark red.
Fish of this species from 300 ems. to 500 cms. in length we consider
among the best in Australian waters for eating purposes.

Lutianus waigiensis Quoy and Gaimard. Pellew.

This species is conspicuously marked with longitudinal bands of
brown and yellow.

It is one of the commoner fish caught by line amo4g rocks close
to the shore. (Text-figure 1.) _

Text-figure 1—Lutianus waigiensis Quoy & Gaimard.
s HM. Jd. Paradice, dei.

The Lutianide are a family of brilliantly-coloured fish which live
among rocks and coral and take a bait freely. Many of the species
rank very high as table fish. .

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES—PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 87

Family POMADASID [27].
Plectorhynchus pictus Thunberg. Pellew.
Plectorhynchus reticulatus Giinther. Pellew.

Pomadasys nageb Riippell. Darwin.
A young specimen, constituting a new record for Australia.

Scolopsis temporalis Cuvier & Valenciennes. Pellew.

A rather rare species caught by line in the region of coral reefs.
It is a brilliantly marked fish, the predominating colour of the dorsal
half being a bluish-green. This fades to white ventrally. The scales
are fairly large and each scale stands out prominently on account of
colour arrangement. Both our species were rendered conspicuous by a
caudal filament greater in length than the longest rays of the upper
lobe from which it springs. (Text-figure 2.)

Text-figure 2.—Scolopsis temporalis Cuvier and Valenciennes,

W. BE. J. Paradice, del, (modified after McCulloch),

Family TERAPONTIDA [28].

Helotes sexlineatus Quoy & Gaimard. Pellew.
In our specimens of this species the longitudinal lines are inter-
rupted by six vertical bands of almost white.

Terapon theraps Cuvier & Valenciennes. Pellew.

No adults of this species were obtained, but large numbers of
juvenile specimens up to one inch in length were regularly found
sheltering in clumps of floating weed during the months of June and
July.

Terapon puta Cuvier and Valenciennes. Pellew.

This species was caught in large numbers by fish-trap on a sandy
bottom a considerable distance from shore. It makes a peculiar grunting
or humming noise when out of water. At times this species was caught
by line.

88 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Terapon servus Bloch. Pellew.
Often caught by fish-trap in company with the preceding species,
which it resembles in regard to grunting.

It was caught by line much more frequently than the preceding
species.
Terapon caudavittatus Richardson. Pellew and Darwin.
A species fairly common on sand flats, comes close to the shore
and takes a bait freely.
Terapon unicolor Giinther. Howard River.
This freshwater species was captured in the Howard River, 35
miles from Darwin.

The various species of this family have a flesh which is of good
eating quality, but most of them are of small size and very bony.

Family LETHRINIDAS [29].

Lethrinus glyphodon Giinther. Pellew.
The common species.

Lethrinus heematopterus Temminck and Schlegel. Pellew.

Pentapus setosus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Pellew.
Fairly common at times on sandy bottom.

Pentapus cyaneotzeniatus Richardson. Pellew.

This family contains many ornate species. Those of the genus
Lethrinus remain mainly in the vicinity of coral reefs or rocks, whilst
the various species of Pentapus (all small fishes) move in shoals over
areas of sandy bottom. Some of the species of Lethrinus grow to a
large size, and are particularly fine eating fish, known by the names
of ‘‘Island Snapper,” ‘‘ Grey Snapper,” or ‘‘ Yellow-mouthed Snapper,”’

in various localities. No very large specimens were obtained in Pellew
waters.

Family SPARIDA® [30].
Sparus berda Forskal. Pellew and Darwin.

At Darwin this species is common in the vicinity of the piles of the
jetty, where it is» caught by line. When taken from the water these
fish are a dark silvery grey dorsally, fading to white ventrally. There
is a conspicuous black spot which extends from the ventral fins half
way to the anal fins. As the fish dies this spot fades, being entirely

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES-—-PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 89

absent after death. This spot was not present at any time in specimens
captured at Pellew, where the fish is fairly common close to the shore
during October. It was not met with earlier in the year. It is an
excellent eating fish.

Family GERRID [31].
Xystzeema punctatum Cuvier & Valenciennes. Pellew.

A common species.

Xystzeema abbreviatum Bleecker. Pellew.
The commonest species.
Xysteema carinatum Alleyne & Macleay. Pellew.

The various species of Xysteema are small silvery fish with scales
which come off with the slightest rubbing. They move about in shoals
on the sand flats. In spite of their small size they are excellent for
eating purposes, being relatively free from bones.

Family MULLIDZ [32].
Pseudupeneus jefii Ogilby. Pellew.

This was the only species of red mullet obtained. This fish, like
Xysteema, is of a small size, but has a flesh of excellent quality and free from
small bones. After the fish has been scaled it often becomes a much
darker red than it was with the scales on; this is not a sign of
deterioration.

Family SILLAGINIDA [33].
Sillago maculata Quoy and Gaimard. Pellew. ;
Sillago sihama Forskal. Darwin.

Sillago ciliata Cuvier and Valenciennes. Pellew.

Although considerable numbers of whiting were met with on the
sand flats they were all immature, the largest being about 170 cms.

Suborder CIRRHITOIDEIT. Series EPHIPPIFORMES.

Family MONODACTYLID® [34].

Monodactylus argenteus Linnzeus. Pellew.
This fish moves about in small shoals.

Family PLATACIDAL. [35].
Platax teira Forskal. Pellew.
This species was captured on several occasions on beaches in the

proximity of rocky headlands or coral reefs. The dark vertical bands

90 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

are conspicuous in the smaller fish but inconspicuous in the larger
specimens, which are of a darker brown all over.

Platax novemaculeatus McCulloch. Pellew.

Large schools of this species were caught at times on the sand
flats. The average size of these fish is ten inches, and the majority of
them are of a silver colour, with a brown tinge over the nape and
head, and with oblique bands of darker brown transversing this area.
The species however, shows great variation of colouring. In the one
school, fish which are silver all over, showing no dark bands, will be
seen, and also fish which have a brown tinge all over with almost
black oblique lines. These colour variations with all intermediate forms,
occur in small fish as well as those of average size; but it was noted
that the few extremely large specimens were all of the dark type.
This is an excellent fish for eating purposes. It was often caught in
company with Carangids and, like them, was more plentiful in July
than later in the year.

(Dr. Hudson informs us that in 1925 he did not meet with this
fish.)

Family DREPANID [36].

Drepane punctata Gmelin. _—_Pellew.
This species is identical in habit with Platax novemaculeatus, and
further has similar qualities as a food fish.

Suborder SQUAMIPENNES.
Series TOXOTIFORMES. Family SCATOPHAGIDA! [37].

Scatophagus eetate-varians De Vis. _ Pellew.

This species is universally present in small numbers within a
reasonable distance of the shore throughout the waters of the Gulf
of Carpentaria.

Family CHAUSTODONTIDA® [38].
Cheetodon aureofasciatus Macleay. Pellew.

Paracheetodon ocellatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Pellew.
Caught by net whilst hauling in the vicinity of rocks and coral.

Suborder AMPHACANTHI. Family SIGANIDA [39].

Siganus concavocephalus Paradice. Pellew.
A new species, figured herewith (Plate XII., fig. 2).

Siganus lineatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Wessel and Pellew.

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES—PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 91

‘Siganus nebulosus Quoy & Gaimard. Pellew.

The Siganide are fish which tend to remain in the vicinity of
rocks ; they are capable of inflicting injury by the spines of their fins.
Our Pellew specimens were caught by net near rocks, whilst the Cape
Wessel specimens were speared from the rocks by an aborigine and
given to a party from the ‘‘ Geranium” as a peace offering.

Order HETEROSOMATA. Family PARALICHTHYIDA® [40].
‘Pseudorhombus multimaculatus Giinther. Pellew and Darwin.

Flounders are met with on most of the flats of Sir Edward Pellew
group, our largest specimens coming from the rather muddy flats at
the southern end of the group near the mainland. They are one of
the best eating fish in Australian waters.

Family SYNAPTURID& [41].
‘Synaptura setifer Paradice. Darwin.

Caught by net on shallow mud flats. It is peculiar in having
tufts of set scattered about its body (Text-figure 3 on p. 102).

Family CYNOGLOSSIDAL [42].
‘Rhinoplagusia guttata Macleay. Pellew.

Fairly common on mud flats in company with flounders.
Rhinoplagusia guttata Macleay was recently described and figured by
McCulloch & Whitley (Rec. Austr. Mus. xiv., pt. 4, 1925, p. 350, fig. 3)
as Rhinoplagusia japonica Schlegel. According to Mr. J. R. Norman of
the British Museum (Biol. Res. Endeavour, v. 5, 1926, p. 300), however,
Macleay’s species differ from the typical japonica ‘‘chiefly in having a
longer head, somewhat smaller mouth, longer nasal papilla on the blind
side, in the form of the scales, and in the colouration.” .

Order CATAPHRACTI.

Series SCORPAUINIFORMES. Family SCORPANIDA [43].
Scorpeena bynoensis Richardson. Cape Wessel.
Caught in a pool under dead coral.

Series PLATYCEPHALIFORMES. Family PLATYCEPHALIDA® [44].

Platycephalus arenarius Ramsay and Ogilby. Pellew.

A few specimens were caught by line in clear water at the northern
end of the group during October; not met with earlier.

92 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Insidiator nematophthalmus Giinther. Pellew.

Occasional specimens met with both on sand and mud flats at all
_ times.

Both the above are good for table purposes.

Order CHROMIDES. Family POMACENTRIDA‘ [45].

Amphriprion tricolor Giinther. Darwin.
Four of this species were caught in a coral pool. These are a
valuable series and are figured herewith. (Plate XIII.)
Pomacentrus wardi Whitley. Cape Wessel.

A single specimen of this species was obtained in a pool among
dead coral. Another specimen was later obtained by Mr. Melbourne
Ward at Heron Island, Capricorn Group, Queensland. This latter
specimen has been described by the junior author (in press), being.
designated as the type of the species.

Glyphisodon palmeri Ogilby. Pellew.

Order PHARYNGOGNATHI. Family LABRIDA [46].
Cheerodon cyanostolus Richardson. Pellew.
Choerodon olivaceus De Vis. Pellew.

Choerodon cyanodus Richardson. Pellew.

These parrot fishes are common among rocks where they are caught
by line. They are perfectly safe to eat but the flesh deteriorates rapidly
and is comparatively poor in flavour.

Family SCARIDA® [47].
Secarus pyrrostethus Richardson. Pellew.

Scarus pyrrostethus australianus Paradice. (Plate XIV.) Cape Wessel.

This family is not as well represented as the Labride. The flesh is:
similar.

Our Cape Wessel specimen was caught under a ledge of submerged
rock by the blacks. They work their hands about under the ledges in
shallow water until they feel a fish and then approximate their hands.
from opposite sides of the fish until they have it safely secured.

Order GOBIOIDEI. Family PERIOPHTHALMIDA [48].
Periophthalmus keelreuteri Pallas var. argentilineatus Cuvier and Valenciennes.
Pellew.

This most interesting little fish is very common on the mud flats:
and among the mangroves both in Sir Edward Pellew group and at Darwin.

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES—PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 93

When the tide is high it is frequently seen resting on sloping mangrove
roots the anterior half of its body out of the water and the tail portion
in the water. At low tide it rests in holes excavated in the mud by
crabs, with its tail down the hole, its modified pectoral fins on the
edge of the hole and its head projecting, or else it hops about in the
mud, using its flattened pectoral fins to help it make its leaps of
about eighteen inches or two feet, which carry it quickly across the
mud into comparative safety in the maze of mangrove roots. It is
noticeable that the positions adopted by this fish are such that the
tail, which is an accessory organ of respiration, is either in the water
or at least kept shaded and moist in order to carry out this function.
It is interesting to note that on various occasions on which one of us
has endeavoured to convey these fish back to the ship, they have
died in a comparatively short time if carried in a can of water where
they have to remain entirely submerged, but have arrived in good
condition when transported in a can with sufficient weed in it to allow
the fish to rest with the greater part of its body out of the water. The
late Mr. H. E. Finckh of Mosman, Sydney, a most skilful and
experienced aquarium worker, arranged the transport of these fish to
his aquarium and kept them in good health there for a long period
in surroundings made to simulate their natural conditions. At Darwin
this fish is known as Kangaroo Fish.

Order DISCOCEPHALI. Family ECHENEID [49].

Echeneis naucrates Linnzus. Pellew and Darwin.

This fish was captured by line, in fish-traps, and at times drawn
on board adhering to tiger sharks.

Order JUGULARES.
Series BLENNITFORMES. Family BLENNIIDA [50].

Petroscirtes obliquus Garman. Pellew.

Salarias meleagris C. & V. Cape Wessel and Pellew.

These fish are found in shallow pools among rocks or dead coral.
They are particularly agile out of water and often do not hesitate to
leave a small pool in which they are being pursued, in order to make
their way to an adjoining pool by jumping over small broken wet
stones.

Series ZOARCIFORMES. Family CONGROGADIDE [51].

Congrogadus subducens Richardson. Darwin.

Caught in a pool among coral.

94 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. |

Suborder HAPLODOCI. Family BATRACHOIDIDA: [52}.

Coryzichthys diemensis Le Sueur. = Darwin.
Caught in a pool among coral.

Family ANTENNARIID [53].

Antennarius urophthalmus Bleeker. Darwin.

Order PLECTOGNATHI.

Suborder SCLERODERMI. Family TRIACANTHIDA® [54].

Triacanthus biaculeatus Bloch. Pellew and Darwin. -

A common species caught by net on sandy beaches. In the living:
fish the dorsal spine is produced as a fine filament almost the length
of the fish. This filament is very brittle and specimens seldom reach an
institution with it intact.

Family MONACANTHIDA® [55].
Monacanthus chinensis Bloch. Pellew.

A considerable number of specimens of this fish was collected in
1925 but on previous occasions the species was not met with.

Family PSILOCEPHALIDA® [56].

Psilocephalus barbatus Gray. Pellew.

A single specimen of this species was caught by net. It was noted
that whilst lying on the beach this fish was able to throw itself a foot
into the air.

Suborder OSTRACODERMI. Family OSTRACIIDA® [57].
Ostracion rhinorhynchus Bleeker. Darwin.
This fish was speared from the ship whilst lying alongside the:
jetty.
Suborder GYMNODONTES. Family TETRAODONTIDA® [58].
Leiodon patoca Hamilton-Buchanan. Darwin.
Spheroides lunaris Bloch and Schneider. Pellew.

Spheroides whitleyi Paradice. Pellew.
A new species figured and described herewith (Plate XV.).

Tetracdon immaculatus Bloch and Schneider var. manillensis Procé. Pellew.

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES—PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 95

Tetraodon nigropunctatus Bloch and Schneider. Pellew.

The fishes of this family are definitely poisonous, having caused
the deaths of men and lower animals on various occasions. (Paradice,
W. E. J., Med. Journ. Aust. 1924 (2), p. 25.)

GENERAL REMARKS ON FISH OF SIR EDWARD PELLEW GROUP.*

This group of islands extends some twenty-five miles out into the Gulf
of Carpentaria from the western part of the southern shore, in the region of
the mouth of McArthur River. The beaches of the northern third of the
group consist of sand or broken coral, and are washed by clear water in
which there is a comparatively prolific growth of coral, e.g., Paradice Bay
and Base Beach. The beaches of the southern portion of the group are mud
flats running back in many places to mangrove swamps. The water here is
muddy, probably from the McArthur River, and in it the only corals found
are a few scattered astrean genera.

In the clear water to the north, Hemirhamphide (garfish) and Belonidez
(longtoms), are met with in large numbers at all times, whilst Carangidz
(trevally), etc. are seen in great numbers during June and in smaller numbers
during later months. As the Carangide diminish in numbers in the clear
water, they are replaced by small numbers of Sparidze (bream) and Platy-
cephalide (flathead). In the zone between the clean beaches and the definitely
muddy beaches the predominating fish are Platax novemaculeatus and Drepane
punctata (e.g., Geranium Bay). On the mud flats the Cynoglosside (tongue
soles) are present and the Paralichthyide (flounders) reach their largest size.
Carangide in small numbers and various Elasobranchii (sharks and rays) are
present. Among the rocks and coral in clear water the Epinephelide (rock
cods) and Lutiande (red snapper and hussars) are found (e.g., Pearce, Urquhart,
and Observation Islands). None of the species of the two families just
mentioned were caught in any way approaching the size to which the same
fish grow in Torres Strait or along the Great Barrier Reef. The sandy beaches
of this group appear to be the ideal environment for Sillaginide (whiting). and
we are unable to offer any explanation for failure to obtain large fish of this
family. ‘Trolling and fishing with a live bait are not included here, as these
methods were not used. No doubt many fishes, such as the larger Carangide
and Scombridze (Spanish mackerel), would have been captured by this means,
as they are at Thursday Island, a live herring being the usual bait. Fishes
could at all times be described as prolific in the waters of the Sir Edward
Pellew Group.

* Paradice, W. E. J.—The “Sir Edward Pellew Group of Islands’? Report, with
special reference to biology and physical features. The Parliament of the Commonwealth
of Australia 1923-24, No. 143, F. 15481. This report gives observations on all classes.
of animals except fish.

96 - MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

ADDITIONS.

As this paper was completed for the press, a further batch of fishes
was received from Surg. Lieut. G. Courtney of H.M.A.S. “ Geranium,” who
had collected them during 1926 in the Northern Territory.

All were referable to known species and are listed by McCulloch &
Whitley, but some had not previously been obtained by ‘‘ Geranium”’ collectors
in those waters. The additions are as follows :—

Chiloscyllium trispeculare (Richardson). Knight Reef, Clarence Strait, Northern
Territory.

Stegostoma tigrinum (Pennant). Clarence Strait, Northern Territory.

[Squalus tigrinus Pennant, Ind. Zool. 1769, p. 24 (fide Sherborn).

This is called by the later name Stegostoma tygrinum Bonnaterre in
McCulloch and Whitley’s list.]

Squalomugil nasutus (De Vis). Adam Bay, near Darwin, Northern Territory.

This species is common on the mud flats, where specimens of about
140 mm. in length were noted swimming with a considerable portion
of their heads above the surface.

Holacanthus (Chzetodontoplus) duboulayi Giinther. Darwin, Northern Territory.
Speared alongside the jetty.

Pomacentrus chrysurus Cuvier and Valenciennes. Melville Island, Northern
Territory.

Gobius ornatus Riippell. Adam Bay, Northern Territory.

Scartelaos viridis Hamilton- Buchanan. Adam Bay, Northern Territory.
Caught on the mangrove flats in company with Periophthalmus.

An interesting specimen in Dr. Courtney’s collection was a large sea-
snake, which on being opened was found to contain an exceptionally large
specimen of Coryzichthys diemensis Le Sueur. Mr. J. R. Kinghorn has kindly
identified the sea snake as Astrotia stokesii Gray.

Dr. Courtney is able to add another case of poisoning by the Genus
Tetraodon, the ship’s cat having been fatally poisoned by eating a small portion
of the flesh of Tetraodon immaculatus.

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES—PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 97

SPECIES FROM PORT DARWIN AND THE SIR EDWARD PELLEW
GROUP, NORTHERN TERRITORY, WHICH ARE NOT LISTED
FROM QUEENSLAND, BY McCULLOCH AND WHITLEY.

HYPOPRION MACLOTI Miiller & Henle. Pellew.

Carcharias (Hypoprion) macloti Miiller & Henle, Plagiost. 1839, p. 34, pl. x.
New Guinea.

HARENGULA BULAN Bleeker. Darwin.

Clupalosa bulan Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxii., 1849, Bijdr. Ichth. Mad., p. 12.
Madura Island, etc., E. Indies.

HARENGULA KANAGURTA Bleeker. Pellew.
Alausa kanagurta Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiv., 1852, Haring, p. 34. Batavia.

ARIUS (TACHYSURUS) GRASFFEI Kner & Steindachner. Pellew.

Arius greeffei Kner & Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien liv. (1866), 1867,
p. 383, fig. 12. ‘‘ Samoa’’—East Indies ?

GYMNOTHORAX UNDULATUS Lacépéde. Pellew.
Mureenophis undulatus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss. v., 1803, pp. 629 & 644.
South Seas.
TYLOSURUS CAUDIMACULA Cuvier. Pellew.
Belone caudimacula Cuvier, Régne Anim., ed. 2, ii., 1829, p. 285. Based on
Russell’s pl. 176 of ‘‘ Kuddera A” from Vizagapatam.
SPHYRAINA ALTIPINNIS Ogilby. Pellew.
Sphyreena altipinnis Ogilby, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld. xxiii., 1910, p. 8. Aru Islands.

BREGMACEROS MCCLELLANDI Thompson. Darwin.
Bregmaceros meclellandi Thompson, Mag. Nat. Hist. (Charlesw.) iv., 1840, p. 184,
text-fig. Ex Cantor MS. Delta of the Ganges.
ULUA MANDIBULARIS Macleay. Pellew.
Caranx mandibularis Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales vii., 1882,
p. 356. New Guinea.
APOGON RUPPELLII Giinther.

Apogon ruppellii Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. i., 1859, p. 236. Australian
Seas.
G

98 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

AMBASSIS (PRIOPIS) GYMNOCEPHALUS Lacépéde. © Darwin.
Lutjanus gymnocephalus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss. iv., 1802, p. 216. Tropical
Pacific.
CEPHALOPHOLIS PACHYCENTRON Cuv. & Val. Pellew.

Serranus pachycentron Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Pois. ii., 1828,
p- 295. No locality given.

PSEUDOCHROMIS PUNCTATUS Richardson. Darwin & Pellew.

Assiculus punctatus Richardson, in Stokes’ Discov. in Austr. 1., 1846, Append.
p. 494, pl. ii., figs. 1-5. Coast of Australia.

POMADASYS NAGEB Riippell. Darwin.

Pristipoma nageb Riippell, Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin., Fische 1838, p. 124,
pl. xxx., fig. 2. Djedda, Red Sea.

PENTAPUS CYANEOTAINIATUS Richardson. Pellew.

Meenoides ? cyaneo-tzeniatus Richardson, Icon. Pisc. 1843, p. 8, pl. v., fig. 1.
Depuch Island, N.W. Australia.

SIGANUS CONCAVOCEPHALUS Paradice. Pellew.
SYNAPTURA SETIFER Paradice. Darwin.

AMPHIPRION TRICOLOR Giinther. Darwin.

Amphiprion tricolor, Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. iv., 1862, p. 8. Port
Essington.

POMACENTRUS WARDI Whitley. Darwin.

Pomacentrus wardi Whitley, Rec. Austr. Mus. xv. (in press). Heron Island,
Capricorn Group, Queensland.

SCARUS PYRROSTETHUS AUSTRALIANUS Paradice. Cape Wessel.
PETROSCIRTES OBLIQUUS Garman. Pellew.
Petroscirtes obliquus Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. xxxix. 8, 1903,
®; Zar, pi. Wve, 0.3. ev Oil.

ANTENNARIUS UROPHTHALMUS Bleeker. Darwin.

Antennarius urophthalmus Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. ii., 1851, p. 488.
Riouw, East Indies.

OSTRACION RHINORHYNCHUS Bleeker. Darwin.

Ostracion rhinorhynchus Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiv., 1852, p. 34 (fide
Weber & Beaufort 1911).

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES—PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 99-

TETRAODON IMMACULATUS Bloch & Schneider, var. MANILLENSIS:
Procé. Pellew.

Tetrodon manillensis Procé, Bull. Soc. Sci. Philom. 1822, p. 180 (fide Giinther
1870).

LEIODON PATOCA Hamilton-Buchanan. Darwin.

Tetrodon patoca Hamilton-Buchanan, Fish. Ganges 1822, p. 7 & 363, pl. xviii.,
fig. 2 (fide Giinther 1870).

SPHEROIDES WHITLEYI Paradice. Pellew.

SUPPLEMENT BY W. E. J. PARADICE, M.B., Ch.M.
Family SIGANIDA®.
Genus SIGANUS Forskal.
Siganus concavocephalus sp. nov. (Plate XII., Fig. 2).

D.i., xiii./10; A. vii./9; P. 15; V.i/8/.; C. 16.

Head (33 mm.) 4.2 in length to middle caudal ray (138 mm.). Maximum
depth (at a point midway between vent and origin of anal fin) (53 mm.) 2.6 in
same. Maximum diameter of eye (10 mm.) 3.3 in length of head. Vertical
diameter of eye (9 mm.) approximately equal to the inter-orbital space,
3.7 in same. Least depth of caudal peduncle (6.5 mm.) 1.5 in max. diameter
of eye. Form elongate ovate, compressed, with a marked concavity between
the snout and procumbent dorsal spine. Profiles convex except antero-
superiorly, where there is a concavity as above-mentioned, having its deepest.
part above the centre of the eye. The postero-inferior portion of the profile
is the most markedly convex, whilst the antero-inferior portion approaches
nearest to a straight line. Head naked except for the upper portion of the
operculum. Eye large with maximum diameter equal to the distance of the
eye from the posterior angle of the operculum. Interorbital space very slightly
convex. Snout rounded ; two nostrils on each side, the anterior being covered
by a flap-like nasal tentacle. Opercular edges entire; a very small opercular
flap. Gill openings wide, several poorly defined striz on operculum. A bony
crest in front of eye. Maxillary reaching two-thirds way (approx.) to the
vertical of anterior border of eye. Teeth forming a comb-like cutting edge.

Body covered with very small cycloid scales which extend on to the
nape, breast, and caudal fin. Vent immediately behind posterior membrane of
ventrals. Lateral line follows dorsal curvature from its origin at the operculum
to the caudal peduncle along which it runs horizontally. Dorsal spines strong,

100 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

preceded by a procumbent spine. Rays diminish very slightly in size from
before back to the sixth, after which the decrease is more marked. Anal
similar to dorsal but with stronger spines. Pectorals pointed, the second
ray being longest. Ventrals angular, the first spine equal in length to the
third dorsal spine. Caudal forked, the upper lobe being slightly longer and
more pointed than the lower.

Colour Markings.—A greyish-brown ground, more brown dorsally and
more grey ventrally. Body comparatively evenly covered with white spots
which are most discreet and conspicuous immediately posterior to the pectoral
fin, where they are white ovals on a grey ground; their long diameter 3 mm.
Elsewhere the spots tend to vary a little in shape and are less conspicuous.
A few dark-brown and grey spots are irregularly scattered about the body.
‘There is a large roughly triangular spot almost black in colour situated
immediately behind the upper end of the operculum. Width of this spot
about two-thirds the diameter of the eye. The caudal fin has a yellow tinge
and is crossed by several wavy lines of grey. The pectorals hyaline, the
remaining fins being irregularly marked with grey. The operculum, preoper
culum and a variable area below the pectorals have a silvery-white sheen.

Affinities —This species appears to be allied to §. alkopunctatus Temminck
and Schlegel.

Described and figured from the type (ZA. 2553 Aust. Mus.), 138 mm.
long to the end of the middle caudal rays.

Locality —Sir Edward Pellew Group, Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia.
Coll. W. E. J. Paradice, June-November, 1923.

There are two specimens of this species captured at the same time
from which the following notes have been made :—The smaller, length 91 mm.,
is the darker, having a ground colour of brownish-grey. White spots are
present but less conspicuous than in the other specimens, whilst dark spots
are more numerous and uniformly distributed over the body. The middle
rays of the dorsals and ventrals project beyond the remainder, making these
fins more pointed than in the other specimens. In the larger of these speci-
mens, length 115 mm., the ground colour is similar but there are five evenly
spaced transverse bands of a slightly darker colour than the intervening space.
The white spots are as conspicuous as in the type, whilst the dark spots
are more numerous than in the type but less numerous than in the smaller
specimen. The shape of the dorsal and anal is intermediate between the
other two specimens. The dark shoulder spot is equally conspicuous and of
the same relative proportion in all three specimens. The transverse bands
described in the middle-sized specimen can just be discerned in the type.

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES—PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 101

The followmg table gives some measurements and proportions from each
specimen. All three specimens have the same fin formula.

Ree . g: =
bee ‘ Be 5
| se ie Su 4 co] =
E 2 ine S| 2¢| 4
pe a 2 =| o aoa & - 5 z
Ze Sir Wee es ae ae = S| See e e Ae Nees =
om| 2 = yA ere ats : Seri oe z Ey
° s =| tie | = Sa aS = we o Ss } 3S
Bete el 2: ° 5 wa) 2.2 | = “4 3 =
az = s E ra ses a oC ° me q a
| wr pa! _ fe <7 B25 5 ‘. ze = uo}
bos i a 2 3 sar 2 * 5 a 3 s
| 3a a a a = Bee = = & ~ = i
/ oA = 4 ae | & ae a P| a a =< by
Type | 3
TAS2563 - 2. 138 53 33 10 8:5 81 51 2°6 3:3 3.9 1:6 4:2
TA] S6Sti Ss - S. 115 4] 26 9 75.| 65°5 41 2°8 2-9 3°5 1-6 4-4
TA, 25548 ie 91 35 20 7 | 6 | 52 | 33-5 2-6 2-9 ce a eee fo 4-5

Family SOLEIDAS.
Genus SYNAPTURA Cantor.

Synaptura setifer sp. nov. (Text-figure 3).

ie ee OF OS ae Poe PV. Se) i: bat. 823 aod 36 /S6. 106
the base of fin rays).

Greatest depth (54 mm.) at about two-fifths way from the snout to
the hypural joint, 2.3 in the length from snout to hypural (123 mm.). Head
(26 mm.) 4.8 in same. Eye (3 mm.) 8.6, interorbital space (4 mm.) 6.5,
posterior dorsal and anal rays equal (15.5 mm.) 1.7, and middle caudal rays
(20 mm.) 1.3 in length of head. Scales ctenoid above and below extending
on to the fin rays, the pigmented scales of the upper surface being more
markedly ctenoid than the unpigmented scales of the under surface. Head
closely scaled above with tufts of- cirri along the preopercular margin, and
with small cirri evenly distributed over the area surrounding the mouth.
Lower surface closely covered with cirri continuing over a crescent area
extending dorsally to the seventeenth dorsal ray and ventrally to the ventral
fins and gill slit. Small cirri on the lower profile from mouth two-thirds
way down to the ventral fin.

Eyes, on the right side, small, raised above the head and separated
by a scaly interorbital space. The upper eye well in advance of the lower,
its distance from the snout being one and one-half times the interorbital
space. The upper anterior nostril is the only conspicuous one, it being in a
simple tube immediately in front of a transverse line through the anterior
margin of the upper eye. (The specimen is so hardened by formalin that the-
interior of the mouth cannot satisfactorily be examined, but it can be deter-
mined that no teeth of any size are present.) Mouth opening backwards to.

102 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

‘below the centre of the lower eye and completely surrounded by cirri. Gill
shlt small, somewhat tubular, situated antero-inferiorly to the pectoral fins, the
gill slit and pectoral fin of the under surface being larger than the corres-
ponding structures of the upper surface.

\

=| y
a = “WAS

= 3
ty rs
SS a, Vi a= = + = =
. . ay =
- SS Si = a
SS : RS ey ao £3
. Done =z ; i See at
Ss : = i : *: : :
= di a = =
— + > .
——S* i : 5 *. ;
—— _ = i a = Be ¢
—— ae = s 3 Fi aa 3 . Fes *
eres EF, .t i ~ "= ees 3 a
as a ao 2 teas eee erecess Fipee ree eer rh eo ee ee ee eeereerer ot r
ee ee = == i
- :

wes

citar

At

whee

(CC
(Al

Text-figure 3.—Synaptura setifer, sp. nov.

Above: Figure of holotype (123 mm, from snout to hypural).

Below: a. Anterior portion of under surface showing distribution of cirri.
6. Ascale from the middle of upper surface.
ce, Ascale from middle of under surface.

Dorsal fin commencing at the point of the snout just below a_ line
‘drawn forward through the anterior eye. The rays increase regularly in
dength backwards and project a little beyond the membrane. Anal of similar
form to dorsal, caudal obtusely pointed. Ventrals opposite each other and free

from anal, the right being larger than the left. Lateral line straight from

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES—PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 103

the back of the head to the middle caudal ray and is situated slightly nearer
to the dorsal than the anal. On the upper side the lateral line runs from the
anterior end of its long limb, transversely towards the dorsal fin and then
follows the dorsal curvature forward to above the anterior eye.

Colour.—Dark-brown above with patches of black cirri or sets scattered
irregularly , those near the lateral line being arranged in transverse lines. Below,
greyish-white after preservation in formalin.

Locality.—Port Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Coll. Surgeon-
Lieut. K. E. F. D. Hudson, 1925.

Family SCARIDL.
Genus SCARUS Forskal.

Scarus pyrrostethus australianus subsp. nov. (Plate XIV.)
De 0s or ie ON i CO. AS Se ee oe de re 2 6,

Head 3.5 in length to end of middle caudal ray; depth 3.2 in same;
eye 5.8 in head; snout 2.8 in same; interorbital 3 in same. Body moderately
deep and stout, profile convex both dorsally and ventrally, steeper anteriorly
than posteriorly being steepest of all from the origin of the dorsal to the
snout. Snout rounded, its tip slightly in advance of the mouth. Jaws unequal,
the lower included. Teeth white; posterior canine present in the upper jaw.
Upper lip double, the inner flap extending almost to the mid line. Upper
lip covers more than half the dental plate ; lower lip narrower, barely covering
half the dental plate. Cheek with two complete rows of scales and two or
three scales in the third row. Preopercle naked over anterior portion of the
lower limb; opercle scaly. Six scales on middle line in front of dorsal. Lateral
line interrupted , upper portion ending under last dorsal ray; lower portion
commencing two rows of scales in advance of this and two rows lower down.
The upper portion follows the dorsal curvature, the lower portion running
in a straight line to the middle caudal. The tubes of the anterior portion
are branched, the posterior tubes being practically simple.

Dorsal spines flexible, with their extremities markedly thickened and
bent posteriorly to approximate the thickened portion of the next spine. From
each spine thickened bands of membrane resembling rays run _ posteriorly
to the thickened portion of the next spine. Soft dorsal and anal similar in
form but not in colour marking. Caudal markedly lunate, the outer rays
markedly produced, the upper more so than the lower. Ventrals fairly long,
about two in the head, pectorals longer about 1.4 in the head, the posterior
edge slightly and evenly curved and the upper rays not produced.

Colours—Ground colour green fading to dirty white ventrally and
brownish-green on the nape and snout. The scales in the region of the middle
of the body have a reddish-brown central area, those immediately in front

104 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

and behind this having a corresponding central area of yellowish tinge. The
scales in the vicinity of the caudal have an underlying pinkish tinge continuous
with two conspicuous pink para-lateral lines which traverse the caudal. These
bands are sharply differentiated from the remainder of the caudal which is
uniformly green. The dorsal is pink with darker rays. A narrow band of
blue runs the full length of the dorsal forming the margin of the soft portion
but having an extremely narrow edge of white outside it in the spinous portion.
(There is no blue band along the base of the dorsal.) The anal has two bright
blue bands, one along the edge and the other along the base, the remainder
of the fin being pink. The pectoral is blue over its upper third, fading to
hyaline below. It has a bright yellow spot at its base. The ventral is white
tipped with blue. Eye yellow. A blue supra-orbital band extends from a
short distance anterior to the eye half way back to the origin of the lateral
line. An infra-orbital line of blue about the same length lies equally before
and behind the eye, whilst a median blue line runs from the posterior border
of the orbit half way to the opercular angle. The upper lip has a white margin
to its central half with a broad blue band above it reaching from one notch
of the upper lip to the other. The lower lip has a central blue spot and a
blue band on each side from the extreme angle of each side of the mouth
to a point a little lateral to the blue spot and forming a chord to the notch
in the upper lip. Below this is a slightly waved blue line reaching to slightly
behind the angle of the mouth on each side. The area between these lower
blue markings is yellow.

This new subspecies is a more brilliantly coloured fish than
S. pyrrostethus Rich. and is more robustly built, as the following proportions
indicate :—

Searus pyrrostethus
ich,

Scarus pyrrostethus
australianus, subsp.
nov.

Depth in length .. ae a a te eke ae 3-5 3-2
Least depth of caudal peduncle in length .. is ae 8-9 8-8
Head in depth => & ee ma at a a 1 1-1
Pectoral in length .. a. se Fi = rel et 5-3 4-7

I have examined all the fish of the genus Scarus in the Australian
Museum and note that different species have different degrees of thickening
of the tips of the dorsal spines. Among the small number of fish available
this character did not vary within a given species, the most marked thickening
occurring in the two specimens of §. pyrrostethus Rich., with the exception
of the type of this subspecies, in which the thickening is much more marked.

NORTHERN TERRITORY FISHES—PARADICE AND WHITLEY. 105

The specimen of §. pyrrostethus Rich. obtained at Pellew has been
compared with the holotype of the new subspecies and the points of differentia-

tion are set out in the following key :—

A. Caudal emarginate, the upper and lower rays hardly produced; superior and_ inferior
para-marginal pinkish bands inconspicuous. Dorsal with a median row of
spots and an upper and lower bluish band. Dorsal spines moderately
thickened at their tips, separate one from another. Blue band of lower
lip united with the infraorbital band; band of upper lip produced backward
to eye. Posterior canines not differentiated.

Scarus pyrrostethus pyrrostethus; IA.1492. Pellew.

AA. Caudal lobes markedly produced; para-marginal pinkish bands conspicuous. Dorsal
with a distal band of bluish, but without spots and without proximal
bluish band, Dorsal spines noticeably thickened at their tips, which approxi-
mate one another. Blue band of lower lip separate from the infraorbital
one; band of upper lip not produced beyond the mouth. Posterior canines
well developed su Scarus pyrrostethus australianus; IA,1669. C. Wessel.

Described and figured from the holotype 265 mm. to the end of the
middle caudal ray.

Locality —Cape Wessel, Northern Territory, Australia. Coll. W. E. J.
Paradice, 1923.

Family TETRAODONTID.
Genus SPHEROIDES, Dumeril.
Spheroides whitleyi* sp. nov. (Plate XV.)

Da secAnSs SPeiss oe

Head, from upper lip to upper end of gill-opening (26 mm.), 2.8 in the
length from upper lip to base of caudal (74 mm.). Eye (6 mm.), 4.3 in the
head. Snout, from middle of upper lip to anterior margin of eye (14 mm.),
1.9 in the head, and a little more than the interorbital space. The interorbital
space as here measured includes the pigmented skin over the dorsal aspect
of the eye and is three times the distance between the bony edges of the
orbit (4 mm.).

Longest dorsal ray (13 mm.), longest anal ray (12 mm.), longest pectoral
ray (13.5 mm.), 2, 2.1, and 1.9 in the head. Median caudal rays (18 mm.),
1.4 in same. Least depth of caudal peduncle (6.5 mm.), a little greater than
the diameter of the eye.

* Named for G. P. Whitley of the Australian Museum, whose work in identifying
the fish of the ‘‘Geranium’’ collection has made it possible to publish the paper in its
present form.—W.E.J.P.

106 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM,

Chin receding from jaws, its depth equal to the diameter of the eye.
Nostrils opening on either side of a papilla which is placed in a depression.
Eye nearer the gill-openings than the end of the snout, its upper margin raised
above the cephalic profile, lower lid free, upper adnate to the ocular membrane.
Margins of gill-openings entire, the inner flap concealed.

Skin of the back from between the eyes to the dorsal fin and laterally
down to a line joining the dorsal fin to the upper end of the gill-openings,
covered with coarse spinules—snout and cheeks bearing fewer and smaller
spinules. A few spinules occur behind the pectoral fins. Abdomen spiny from
behind the chin to just before the vent, the skin of this area being longitudin-
ally plicated, the skin elsewhere smooth. A definite fold extends from the chin
to the base of the caudal passing immediately below the insertion of the
pectorals. Dorsal and anal pointed, the origin of the former in advance of
the latter. The four medial caudal rays equal in length and a little longer
than the lateral rays; caudal truncate; upper pectoral rays longest, the
margin rounded. |

Colours ——Back marbled in light and dark brown, a line of about seven
large almost circular spots of dark-brown extending along the sides from the
upper end of the gill-opening to the caudal. The diameter of the largest spots
approx. half the diameter of the eye. Lower surface white. A yellow zone
extends along the lateral fold immediately above from the chin to below
the origin of the dorsal. Fins hyaline with a tinge of yellow.

Affinities —Allied to §. alboplumbeus Rich. and §. hypselogeneion Blkr.
Locality —Port Denison, Queensland.

A smaller specimen appears in the ‘“ Geranium” collection from Sir
Edward Pellew Group but is not as well preserved as the Queensland specimen
figured and described. The smaller specimen has slightly more spinules behind
the pectoral fins, and differs in colour from the larger, having black marbling
and spots instead of brown. Its measurements taken in the same manner
as those given for the type specimen are as follows :—

Length from upper lip to base of caudal 61 mm., head 22 mm., eye
5 mm., interorbital space 9 mm., least distance between bony margins of
orbits 3.5 mm., snout 11 mm., longest dorsal, anal, and pectoral rays 11.9
and 11 mm. respectively. Middle caudal rays 15 mm., least depth of caudal
peduncle 5 mm.

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX., PLaTE XI.

Fig. 1.—Chiloscyllium oceilatum Bonnaterre.

6% Neer ican
(> P

Fig. 2.—Hemirhampus quoyt C.& V.

Fig. 3.—Hemirhampus welsbyi Ogilby.
W. E. J. Paradice, del. Face page 106.

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX., Puate XII.

Fig. 1—Harengula kanagurta Bleeker.

Fig. 2.—Siganus concavocephalus, sp. Nov.

W. H. J. Paradice, del. Face page 106.

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX., Puatre XIII.

Wh

Amphiprion tricolor, Gunther. (Natural size.)
Abcve.—Figure of a specimen 98 mm. from end of snout to end of middle
eaudal ray.
Below.—Three sketches of specimens 41, 52, and 63 mm. in length, showing
variation of colour markings with growth. Face page 106.

‘jap ‘aovposog ‘fH “A
‘sou ‘dsqns snupyo.isny snyjpajso.wid snipo gy

UM, Vou. IX., Puate XIV.

Al
v)

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSE

Face page 106.

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX., PuavTe XV.

Face page 106.

Spheroides whitleyt, sp. Nov,

W, E. J. Paradice, del,

ICHTHYOLOGICAL NOTES.—MARSHALL, 107

ICHTHYGLOGICAL NOTES No.2."

By T. C. MARSHALL.

Family MURANIDA.
Evenchelys macrurus (Bleeker).

Murena macrurus Blkr. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, VII., 1854,.p. 324.

Hvenchelys macrurus Jordan & Evermann, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXV., 1902, p. 327.

Rhabdura macrura Ogilby, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld., XX., 1906, p. 13.

Evenchelys macrurus Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., LXIV., 1912, p. 20.

Thyrsoidea macrurus Weber & de Beaufort. The Fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago,
Leiden, ITI., 1916, p. 354. ;

Evenchelys macrura McCulloch & Whitley, Mem. Qld. Mus., VIII., 1925, p. 135.

On 18th February, 1927, a giant specimen of the Long-tailed Kel,
Evenchelys macrurus, was sent to the Queensland Museum from Maroochydore,
S.E. Queensland, by Mr. W. J. Butt. (Qld. Mus. No. J. 4333.) This proved
to be 12 feet 11 inches (3,938 mm.) in total length, and this apparently
establishes a new record in length for the species. Mr. Butt obtained this eel
in tidal waters of the Maroochy River at the ‘“ Big Cod Hole,” a spot well
known to fishermen. It was caught on a No. 10 gut line, with a “ snapper ”’
hook, a piece of mullet being the bait. Notwithstanding this record length,
this eel only weighed 24 lb. A cast of this record specimen has been made
for public exhibition.

The late Saville Kent, in “ The Great Barrier Reef,’ p. 303, reports that
béche-de-mer fishermen had told him of a ferocious eel, said to reach twenty
feet, which was probably this species.

Following McCulloch and Whitley and H. W. Fowler, the genus.
Evenchelys Jordan and Evermann has been used for this eel in preference to
Thyrsoidea, under which name Weber. and Beaufort give many references,
stating that the length is “more than 3,000 mm.” In 1906 the late Douglas
Ogilby established the genus Rhabdura for this species, being unaware of
Jordan & Evermann’s Evenchelys.

*No. 1 Mem. Qld., Mus. Vol. VIII., 1926, pp. 123-4.

108 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Family ATHERINIDAL.

Rhadinocentrus ornatus Regan.

Rhadinocentrus ornatus Regan. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1914, XX., pt. 6, p. 280, pl. XXXT.,
fig. I,

This handsome Atherine, thought at one time to be confined to Moreton
Island and later collected at Boambie Creek, New South Wales,! has since
been obtained on Stradbroke Island by Mr. A. Rudel and Mr. W. Darbyshire,
who found them very numerous in fresh water at a spot called the “ One:
Mile.” (Qld. Museum Reg. No. J. 4316.)

Family DIPLOPRIONID AE.
Diploprion bifasciatus Kuhl & Van Hasselt.

Diploprion bifasciatum, Kuhl & Van Hasselt in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss..,.
IT., 1828, p. 137,- pl. XXL, Java,

Diploprion bifasciatus, Jordan, Tanaka & Snyder. Cat. Fish. Japan, Journ. Coll. Sei., 1913,
XXXIIT., i., p. 148, fig. 106.

A fine example of this species was forwarded to the Museum in Septem-
ber, 1926, from Bundaberg, by Mr. H. Wessels. (Qld. Mus. Reg. No. J. 4318.)
It measured 237 mm. in total length. Previous to receiving this specimen
our collection contained two only of this rare Queensland species, both of which
were taken on the coast of Southern Queensland (exact locality unknown).

Family LABRIDAS.
Lepidaplois vulpina Richardson.

Cossyphus vulpinus Richardson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p. 71.
Cossyphus aurifer De Vis, 1884. Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld,, Vol. 1, p. 146.
Lepidaplois vulpinus McCulloch, Fishes of New South Wales, 1922, p. 73.

A specimen of this handsomely coloured and rare labrid, measuring
448 mm., was caught 30 miles northward of Cape Moreton and presented to the
Museum by Mr. G. Hissted. (Qld. Museum Reg. No. J. 4528.)

Family GOBIIDA.
Trypauchen wakee Jordan & Snyder.
Trypauchen wake Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1902, Vol. 24, p. 127, fig. 32.

A specimen collected at Bowen, North Queensland, by Mr. E. H. Rain-
ford, and measuring 140 mm. in length, is the first of the genus to be recorded
from Australian waters. (Qld. Museum Reg. No. J. 4123.)

1 Rec. Aust. Mus., 1926, Vol. XV., No. 1, p. 29.

CRETACEOUS AMMONITE FAUNA, E. AUSTRALIA._WHITEHOUSE. 109

ADDITIONS TO THE CRETACEOUS AMMONITE
FAUNA OF EASTERN AUSTRALIA.

PART 1. (SIMBIRSKITIDAE, ACONECERATIDAE AND
PARAHOPLITIDAE). |

By F. W. WHITEHOUSE, PH:D., M.Sc., F.G.S.

(Lecturer in Geology, University of Queensland ; Palzontologist to the Geological
Survey of Queensland; Hon. Paleontologist to the Queensland Museum.)

(Plates XVI-XVII and Text-figures.)

INTRODUCTION.

THE writer has recently published in these Memoirs (22) a revision of
the ammonoid faunas of the “‘ Rolling Downs Formation” and the Maryborough
Beds of Eastern Australia. That work was carried out in Cambridge while
holding a research scholarship. Since that time he has returned to Australia
and now has access to very much more material than when the previous
paper was written. It has been thought advisable, therefore, to publish a
‘series of smaller papers, of which this is the first, supplementing the previous
work by dealing with new species, new material of imperfectly known forms,
new locality records, and such other matters which it may be necessary to
‘place on record.

Family SIMBIRSKITID Spath.

The genus Simbirskites is, at present, a rather unwieldy grouping of
species. THYSANOTOCERAS gen. nov.!’ and STOICOCERAS? gen. nov.,
‘specialised offshoots from the main lineage, may well be separated, restricting
Simbirskites to the normal forms with trifurcating coste.

Simbirskites is derived from Speetoniceras and gives rise to the
contemporary T'hysanotoceras via such forms as Simbirskites wmbonatus (Lahusen),
Pavlow (18, pl. 11, fig. 8). As in this case most triplicate “ perisphinctids”’
are derived from an originally biplicate type. An interesting exception, however,
is ARRHAPHOCERAS gen. nov.,? from the dispar zone of the Upper Albian,

1 Thysanotoceras, gen. nov. (Otiadvwrods,t i'n ged). Genotype: Ammonites (Olcostephanus)
picteti, Weerth (21, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 5). This includes the group with prominent bundling
of coste in groups of four at the tubercle.

* Stoicoceras, gen. nov. (oTwikods, of a colonnade). Genotype: Ammonites (Hoplites)
teutoburqiensis, Weerth (21, p. 20, pl. 5, fig. 1).

* Arrhaphoceras gen. nov. (appaidos, without a seam). Genotype: Ammonites wood-
wardii, Seeley (16, p. 12, pl. li, fig. 3). The genus includes the forms derived from
-Pleurohoplites by the coste continuing across the venter.

110 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND. MUSEUM.

which is derived from the normal hoplitid Pleurohoplites and may lead to the
Cenomanian Calycoceras.

Simbirskites, Speetoniceras and Thysanotoceras all contain unusually evolute-
forms in addition to the species of normal volution (e.g. Simbirskites kayseri,
Neum. & Uhlig sp.; Speetoniceras losseni, Neum. & Uhlig sp.; Thysanotoceras
neumayri, Weerth sp.).

-A common feature among the Simbirskitide is the decline in virgation
of ribbing with age. This, perhaps, reaches its maximum in T'hysanotoceras
nodocinctum Weerth) which, from the stage with normal quadrifurcating ribs,
suddenly decreases at a diameter of about 30 mm. to unbranched ribs, the
holotype showing, as intermediate stages, only one trifurecatmg and two
bifurcating ribs. A somewhat analogous case is the rapid decrease in the
number of ribs per whorl in some other and earlier “ perisphinctids” such as.
Paravirgatites.

The importance of rapid changes in the type of venter in ammonite
lineages is, in spite of much recent work, still too little appreciated. As Spath
has pointed out, the keeled Schlenbachia is without doubt derived from
Pleurohoplites. Arrhaphoceras represents another sudden change in the same
stock. This change is very interesting; for it is an example of ribbing con-
tinuing across the venter of a stock which normally has an interrupted venter.
That such changes may be frequent is suggested by the not infrequent.
occurrence of such “sports” as the “ Hoplites tuberculatus’’ figured by Crick
(1, p. 1). Indeed such “species” as Ammonites acanthonotus and Ammonites
glossonotus, Seeley, (16, p. 10, pl. 10, figs. 4, 5), are nothing else than
deformed specimens of hoplitids (Pleurohoplites). Similar “‘sports’’ are present
in keeled stocks; and freak specimens of Spathicerast with closed or nodate
venters are not uncommon. It is this tendency to close the venter that has.
produced Stoliczkaia from the normal Lyelliceratide.

The production of forms with interrupted venters from stocks with
plainly arched venters is also very common, the origin of Dufrenoyia from
Parahoplitoides being a case in point. In Simbirskitide this is well shown
on the holotype of Stoicoceras teutoburgiensis (Weerth) where later whorls
develop an interrupted venter. It is also suggested, e.g., in Perisphinctide
(s. str.) and in Otoitide (the Western Australian Otoites depressus, Whitehouse,
has a suggestion of rib-break on the venter).

Such known rapid changes cast doubt upon the genetic relationships of,
e.g., the forms placed in Berriasellide, and might suggest a possible, though,
perhaps, not very probable, relation between Simbirskitide and Neocomitide.

*The genus Spathiceras is proposed elsewhere by the writer (in a paper to appear
in the Report of the Aust. Assoc. for the Advan. of Sci., Vol. XVIII), with Hystrichoceras
antipodeum, Etheridge fil. (8, p. 47, pl. 7, figs. 6, 7) as genotype.

CRETACEOUS AMMONITE FAUNA, E. AUSTRALIA.—_WHITEHOUSE. 111

Genus SIMBIRSKITES Pavlow (emend.).
(Plate XVI, figure 1; Text-figure 5.)
SIMBIRSKITES MORVENZ: sp. nov.

1909 Perisphinctes kayserit, Etheridge Jr. non Neumayr and Uhlig (4, pp, 239, pl. 6a).
1926 Simbirskites spp., Whitehouse (22), p. 200.

Description.—Coiling serpental; sublatumbilicate. Venter arched. Pror-
siradiate ; about 25 primary cost to the last whorl on holotype; bullate at
the umbilicate shoulder and trifurcating. Whorl-section slightly compressed.

Dimensions.—Holotype : 64, 39, 31, 39.

Remarks.—This species belongs to the group of S. speetonensis, Pavlow
(12, pl. 4, fig. 1), non Young and Bird, and 8S. fasciato-falcatus (Lahusen), for
which possibly a new generic name is required. The group includes the forms
with the costz crewded and prorsiradiate, and the umbilical tubercle bullate.
In these features, as in the slightly compressed whorl-section, the group resembles
Craspedodiscus, but has not the prominently discoidal form. The group
apparently represents another orthogenetic trend, from normal Simbirskites
of the dechent group, parallel to that leading to Craspedodiscus.

The larger specimen figured by Etheridge (4, p. 239, pl. 68) may belong
to the same species; but this cannot be ‘determined until the earlier whorls

of such large forms are known. For the present that larger specimen may
be regarded as belonging also to S. morvene.

The specimens (which were figured by Etheridge) consist of a large
form with the holotype and three specimens of Leptomaria (?) sp. nestling
in its umbilicus. These specimens are not naturally arranged, but the smaller
ones have been fixed to the larger with cement. All, however, have the
same matrix, in which are embedded fragments of Ostrea and Trigonia. These
specimens, according to the information of Mr. H. Tryon, were presented
to the Queensland Museum by Mr. Hurst over 30 years ago. In the Museum
catalogue they are listed as coming from Victoria Downs, Morven.

Lower beds, below the Roma Series proper, occur in other places in
Queensland—North of Roma, at Natal Downs, and in the Cape York Peninsula.
—but I know of no matrix elsewhere in the area similar to that of S. morvene.

Family ACONECERATIDA: Spath.

To the three genera recently included by the writer in this family
is now added a fourth—G'yaloceras. Theganeceras is the only such genus not
yet found in the Australian Aptian.

The distribution in Australia of the members of the family is interesting.
Aconeceras and Sanmartinoceras are best represented in collections made from
the Walsh River (North Queensland) from which area came also the only
specimen of Gyaloceras. Aconeceras is, as yet, known from no other Australian

112 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

locality ; but Sanmartinoceras is known also from Primrose Springs (South
Australia), Palmer River (North Queensland), and “ South Central Queensland.”
The »beds of Primrose Springs are apparently very high in the Roma Series—
higher, I believe, than any of the beds from which fossils have been
collected in the Roma district.2 The apparent absence of the genus in the
latter and well-known district is thus not surprising.

The specimen from “South Central Queensland ”’ is part of the Blomfield
collection in the Australian Museum. The generalised locality given for this
collection, as stated by Etheridge (4), is “the Sources of the Barcoo, Ward,
and Nive Rivers.” In this area the topmost portion of the Roma Series® is
known at a locality eight miles east of Tambo, from which recently I identified
a specimen of Ammonitoceras (238). Possibly the Sanmartinoceras came from
or near this same locality.

Me at oe

\ 2.5:

TEXT FIGURES 1-4. SEPTAL SUTURES OF ACONECERATIDA,

1. Aconeéeras walshense (Eth. fil.), topotype (pl. xvi., fig.-3); 2. Sanmartinoceras
olene (Tenison—~Woods), neotype (pl. xvii., fig. 6); 3. Sanmartinoceras~ fontinale (Hudleston),
holotype (pl. xvii., fig. 2); 4. Sanmartinoceras fontinale (Hudleston), specimen figured
previously (22, pl. 41, fig. 3).

Evidence points to the fact the highest portion of the Roma Series
is not well exposed in the vast area of the Artesian Basin where overlaps of
the Tambo Series or the Winton Series often conceal it. This would explain

the few localities from which Sanmartinoceras is known.

57 have recently examined the large fossil collections made by Mr. L. C. Ball in the
Roma district. The highest fossiliferous horizon was represented by the beds of Roma
Downs which appeared to be at the top of the Tropeuman stage. It is probable that
the higher beds in this area are covered by an overlap of the Post-Albian Winton (fresh-
water) Series; for no fossils of the Tambo Series are recorded between Roma and Surat.
The beds at Roma Downs appear to be on the same horizon as those of Peake Downs
(S. Aust.), Primrose Springs lying eastwards of the latter locality is, without doubt, on a
slightly higher horizon.

6 Higher, of course, than the beds of Roma Downs with Tropewum.

CRETACEOUS AMMONITE FAUNA, E. AUSTRALIA. WHITEHOUSE. 113

It is fairly certain that Aconeceras walshense is a Tropeuman species.
The Tropzeuman stage being well known in many parts of the Artesian Basin
it is at first sight puzzling to find that this species is known only from the
one locality. This may be due to faulty collecting, particularly since most
of the known specimens were collected on the one occasion (by the Hahn
expedition). The species may, therefore, be expected at Roma, near Peake
Downs and other places on that horizon. It is possible that the species has
avery limited time-range and that the bed containing it may be missing
from most of the known fossiliferous areas of the] Tropeuman_ stage.

6 9.
7
3.

TEXT-FIGURES 5-9. SECTIONAL VIEWS OF AMMONITES.,

5. Simbirskites morvene, sp. nov., holotype (pl. xvi., -fig. 1) ; 6. Aconeceras walshense

(Eth. fil.), holotype (pl. xvi., fig. 2); 7. Aconeceras walshense (Eth. fil.), topotype (pl. xvi.,

fig. 3); 8. Gyaloceras smithi, sp. nov., holotype (pl. xvii., fig. 1); 9. Sanmartinoceras fonti-
nale, Hudleston sp. (pl. xvii., fig. 5). All figures natural size.

Further collecting will, almost certainly , give new locality records for

the members of this family; and, further, we may expect such collecting

to bring to light new species from beds of the Roma Series from which, at

present, no aconeceratid forms are known.

The outstanding feature of these Australian forms is their enormous
size. Each species is represented by individuals far larger than any known
member of the family in the other continents.

H

114 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Genus ACONECERAS Hyatt.

ACONECERAS WALSHENSE (Tenison-Woods).
(Plates XVI, figures 2 and 3; Text-figures 1, 6, and 7.)

Four specimens of this species, all contained in the Queensland Museum
collection, are known. The dimensions of these specimens given according to
the usual conventions, are—

Holotype 1S ey 14.

F, 1594 (QM. Coll): S0f- BM... b4o IB. 33.
i; a es oan V8

FOIF ss (OM Cony 82

F. 1704 (QM.CoH.) | 105(-(105). 56. +15(+). 8
oe a see

The faint concentric striae, which are intensified in the five pronounced
strie which lie on the axis of the outer flexure of the radial line, are seen
only on the holotype, the original shell of the other specimens not being well
preserved. The intensifying of the radial line at the point of the inner flexure of
the radial line is also interesting, giving a slight “‘costate’” appearance to this
narrow zone inthe median region of the sides.

Specimen F. 1704 (figured on pl. XVI, fig. 3) might be separated as
a separate variety more involute than the type section. But specimen F. 1871
is intermediate between the two and for the present all four specimens are
recorded under the one name.

Locality —Walsh River (Q.M. Coll.).

Genus GYALOCERAS nov.’
Genotype : Gyaloceras smithi, sp. nov.

Remarks.—The new species described below differs so markedly from
the normal forms of Aconeceras that it is deemed advisable to separate it as
the type of a new genus, Gyaloceras, distinguished from Aconeceras by its
greater inflation and by the more obtuse angle of the venter. In degree of
involution, smoothness of shell, type of radial line and septal sutures it agrees
closely with Aconeceras from which it is apparently derived. |

The precise hemeral limits of the genus within the Aptian remain to be
determined; but it probably belongs to the ‘Tropzuman stage (Lower
Gargasian).

7 viadov, a breastplate.

CRETACEOUS AMMONITE FAUNA, E. AUSTRALIA—WHITEHOUSE. 115

GYALOCERAS SMITHI sp. nov.
(Plate XVII, figure 1 ; Text-figure 8.)

Description.—Coiling oligogyral, angustumbilicate ; fastigate, subcarinate ;
sides convergent; anguliradiate; test smooth, but with the radial striz
intensified in a narrow zone at the middle of the sides; septal suture as in
Aconeceras. ;

Dimensions.—

109 f (109). 56. 25(4+). 12.
(72), 56. 28. 14,

Remarks.—There is no other member of the genus with which to compare
the species. It has the same intensification of the radial strie at the median
zone of the sides as in Aconeceras walshense but there are no concentric striv.
The keel is more pronounced than in Aconeceras.

On the side illustrated the shell has suffered a slight injury during life.
This, as is usual with the ammonites, is expressed by the reflection of the
growth lines for a time. .The tiny angular kink in the growth line in the
figure is due to this. The radial line, it will be noted, is not so sharply
_ anguliradiate as in Aconeceras.

The species is named in honour of the donor, Mr. E. W. Smith
Locality —Walsh River (Q.M. Coll.).

Genus SANMARTINOCERAS Bonarelli.

Eight specimens of Sanmartinoceras have been collected from the Roma
Series. Of these the holotype of S. olene (Tenison-Woods) can no longer be

found. A study of the remaining eight specimens has caused a slight revision
of the grouping into species.

These specific relations are not a little puzzling. The specimens fall
naturally into two specific groups. One group (the group of S. olene) includes
the holotype of S. olene (ic. to judge solely from the type figure, since the
specimen is lost) and the specimen figured by Etheridge in 1901 (2, pl. 2,
fig. 4) which is now refigured (pl. XVII, fig. 5). The remaining specimens
belong to the group of S. fontinale. The two groups differ in that—

(i.) The median flexure of the falcate radial line is more pronounced
in S. fontinale ; and

(ii.) The coste of the group of S. olene are, in the early stage,
numerous, regular, and faintly impressed, whereas in SNS.
fontinale the costate stage begins more abruptly.

If one judges from Tenison-Woods’ figure of the holotype the two
specimens in the group of S. olene do not agree in all specific features. The
coste of the holotype are less flexed than those of the other specimen, while

116 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

‘the slope towards the venter is greater. I am inclined to think, however,
‘that the original figure was a little incorrectly drawn. Certainly the apertural
view, as shown in that figure, suggests that it is a little inaccurate. Since
‘the specimens agree in the main features that distinguish the group from the
group of S. fontinale I have regarded them as representing but a single species ;
and, since the holotype is definitely lost, the other specimen, now refigured,
is selected as neotype.

The group of S. fontinale is regarded as containing only the one species
‘which undergoes a mutational change in which it is not possible, at least at
present, to separate varietal stages.

SANMARTINOCERAS FONTINALE (Hudleston).
(Plate XVII, figures 2-5; Text-figure 2.)

‘1890 Ammonites fontinalis, Hudleston (5), p. 241, pl. 9, fig. 1.

1902 Amaltheus sp., Etheridge Jr. (8), p. 45, pl. 7, fig. 8.

1924 Sanmartinoceras fontinale, Spath. (19), p. 74.

1926 Sanmartinoceras olene, Whitehouse (pars) non Tenison-Woods, (22), pl. 41, fig. 3.

All the known specimens of S. fontinale have now been figured. These
six specimens show a wide variation in the development of costz. On the
holotype and the other South Australian specimen (figured by Etheridge)
-costation begins very early. On the three Walsh River specimens coste are
not developed until a later stage; on one of these (pl. XVII, fig. 2) the costz
begin, however, moderately early, but on the largest specimen (pl. XVII, fig. 5)
‘they do not appear until very late. All, however, have the same type of
‘radia! line and the same concentration of costz and, consequently, they are
here regarded as belonging to the same species lineage. Such a _ lineage,
beginning in the smooth Aconeceras stage, would naturally proceed though
early forms, with the coste present only on the body-chamber, to more or
less completely costate forms like the holotype. Such forms as that of plate
XVII, figure 4 would be earlier than the holotype ; and the degree of costation
may, in the future, serve as a valuable index of the horizon.

If, as is most likely, the change in costation in the lineage proceeds
uniformly any varietal division of the group would be very artificial. However
‘subdivision of the group may be possible when many more specimens are
available. At present the specific name must be applied to forms widely
-different in the stage at which the costz appear, but agreeing in all other
features. |

The main diagnostic features of S. fontinale, as here redefined, are—

(i.) The very falcate radial line. The median flexure is acute and
very marked and the dorsal portion is strongly arcuate.

CRETACEOUS AMMONITE FAUNA, E, AUSTRALIA. WHITEHOUSE. 117

(ii.) The costs begin very abruptly as in the normal species of
Sanmartinoceras from other countries. A short striate stage
leads from the smooth to the costate stages on the shell.

(ii.) The dimensions of the species are as follows :—

Holotype 25. 50. 26. 19.
.M. Coll. (Ff. 1869) 43. 55. —. 138.
AM. Coll, (F-73024)... 45. 53, 20. 13.

Q.M. Coll. (F. 1722) 37. 56. 23. 13.
: 56. 56. 20 (+). ll
Q.M. Coll. (F. 1870) 78. 52. 21. 14.

The septal suture is of the normal type.

Localities—Primrose Springs. (B.M. Coll., holotype), Lake Eyre Basin.
(Univ. of Adelaide Coll.), Walsh River Q.M. Coll.), South Central Queensland.
(A.M. Coll.).

SANMARTINOCERAS OLENE (Tenison-Woods).
(Plate XVII, figure 6; Text-figures 3, 4, and 9.)

1883. Ammonites olene Tenison-Woods (20), p. 150, pl. 7, fig. 8; pl. 8, fig. 1.
1892 Ammonites (Amaltheus) olene Etheridge Jr. (6), p. 492, pl. 30, fig. 4.
1901 Amaltheus olene Etheridge Jr. (2), p. 32, pl. 2, fig. 4.

1926 Sanmartinoceras olene (pars), Whitehouse (22), p. 205 (non pl. 41, fig. 3).

As redefined above S. olene is characterised by—

(i.) The median flexure of the radial line is more obtuse and not
so prominent as in S. fontinale, while the dorsal portion is.
not so curved.

(ii.) The coste do not begin abruptly but increase gradually in.
intensity.

In regard to this latter feature it should be noted that Tenison-Woods’
figure of the holotype shows definite coste on all parts of the shell visible.
On the neotype the costz on the initial half of the last whorl are so faint.
that they are extremely difficult to reproduce in a photograph. (The photo-
grapher has, however, succeeded in showing them slightly in the photograph
here reproduced.) In the drawing of the neotype originally given by Etheridge:
they were slightly over-emphasised and were not represented as crowded as.
they appear on the specimen. Another mistake in that figure was that the
cost were shown in part rectiradiate whereas they are, of course, always
faleate. On the last whorl of the neotype there are about 33 cost the first:
16 of which are “subcostz.”’

In the presence of this “subcostate’’ stage leading from the smooth to
the normally costate portion this species is decidedly different from the other
known forms of Sanmartinoceras, though probably most closely allied to
S. fontinale.

118 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

The septal suture is of the normal Sanmartinoceras type.
The dimensions of the neotype are—73 (54). 50.—.16.

Localities —Palmer River (M.M. Coll., holotype (this specimen is now lost,

and appears to have disappeared from the museum), Walsh River (G.8.Q.
Coll., neotype).

Family PARAHOPLITID Spath.

Previously (22, p. 206), in some hesitation, the writer had _ referred
to the genus Parahoplitoides a fragment which he had not seen but which
had been figured by Etheridge (8, pl. 7, fig. 1). An examination since then
has shown that the specimen is, apparently, one of the Desmoceratide and,
therefore, will be treated in a later paper in this series.

Parahoplitoides is, however, present in the Roma Series.

The relations of the early Parahoplitoides to the later Parahoplites is not
clear. The more inflated species of Parahoplitoides, such as that now described,
may suggest that the change was accomplished by a lineage specialising in
inflated forms. It seems to the writer, however, that Parahoplites possibly
may be derived from Cheloniceratide ; in which case a new family name
would be required for Parahoplitoides and its offshoots Stenhoplites, Dufrenoyia,
and CLOIOCERAS (gen. nov.).®

Genus PARAHOPLITOIDES Spath.

PARAHOPLITOIDES PLENUS sp. nov.
(Plate XVI, figure. 4.)

This species is founded upon a fragment distorted in the region of the
venter. The dimensions, therefore, cannot be given.

The ribbing is of the type normal for the genus. The costz, which are
flexiradiate, originate and bifurcate at the umbilical margin. They are about
as prominent as those of P. bodei (v. Kcenen) and P. fissicostatus (Phillips)
(14, pl. 2, fig. 49), and less so than those of P. deshayesi (Leymerie) (9, pl. 17,
fig. 17). Unlike P. bodei, which it resembles in many respects, the ribs are
all continuous from the umbilical margin.

The septal suture, a portion of which is visible, resembles that of
P. leviusculus (v. Koenen) (8, p. 224, pl. 8, fig. 4).

The species is rather more inflated than the European and African
members of the genus. ;

8 Cloioceras, gen. nov. (KAoios, a collar), Genotype: Hoplites ruspolii, Mayer-Eymar

(10, p. 258, pl. 2, figs. 10, 11). This genus is an unusual offshoot of Parahoplitoides with
two ventro-lateral rows of tubercles on each side and simple ribbing.

CRETACEOUS AMMONITE FAUNA, E. AUSTRALIA._WHITEHOUSE. 119

P. plenus has little in common with P. weissi (Neum. & Uhlig) (11,
pl. 46, fig. 1) and the similar forms from the weissi zone figured by Kilian
(7). Its relations are entirely with the lower forms of the bodei zone of the
Bedoulian, ie. the lowest portion of the Australiceratan Stage.

At first sight this specimen might be mistaken for one of the species
of Sanmartinoceras; but it is easily distinguished by the absence of a keel
and by the non-faleate coste.

Locality—The specimen is in two parts which fit together perfectly. One
portion was registered in 1904 as having been found at Mt. Brown (N.S.W.)
and presented by Mr. Klein. The other portion. was registered in the Museum
books in 1907 with the locality ‘‘ Queensland.” Mr. Klein was a _ aoted
collector in and around the opal fields of New South Wales, and there can
be little doubt that the former locality, Mt. Brown, is correct. The holotype
is in the Mining and Geological Museum, Sydney.

REFERENCES.

l. Crick, G. C., 1898. On a Deformed Example of Hoplites tuberculatus, J. Sowerby sp.,
from the Gault of Folkestone (Geol. Mag., dec. 4, vol. 5).

2. Etheridge, R., Jr., 1901. Additional Notes on the Paleontology of Queensland, Pt. 2
(Geol. Surv. Q’land, Bull. 13).

3. Etheridge. R., Jr., 1902. The Cretaceous Mollusca of South Australia (Mem. Roy.
Soc. South Aust., vol. ii., pt. i.).

4. Etheridge, R., Jr., 1909. Lower Cretaceous Fossils from the Sources of the Barcoo,
Ward and Nive Rivers (Recs. Aust. Mus., vol. vii., No. 3).

Hudleston, W. H., 1890. Further Notes on some Mollusca from South Australia
(Geol. Mag., n.s., dec. i., vol. vii.).

6. Jack and Etheridge, 1892. The Geology and Paleontology of Queensland and New
Guinea (Brisbane and London).

on

7. Kilian, W., 1915. Contribution 4 Il’ Etude des Faunes Paléocrétacées du Sud-Est
de la France (Mém. p. l’Explan. de la Carte Géol. dét. de la France).

8. Koenen, A. v., 1902. Die Ammonitiden des norddeutschen Neocom (Abh. d. k. preuss.
geol. Landes., N.F., H. 24).

9. Leymerie, A., 1842. Sur le Terrain Crétacé du Departement de l’Aube (Mém. Soc.
Géol. France, ser. i., t. 5).

10. Mayer-Eymar, C., 1893. Jeber Neocomian-Versteinerungen aus dem Somali-Land
. (Vierteljahrsch. Ges. Ziirich, Bd. xxxviii.).

11. Neumayr und Uhlig, 1881. Ueber Ammonitiden aus dem Hilshildungen Norddeutsch-
lands (Paleontographia, Bd. 27).

12. Pavlow, A. P., 1901. Le Crétacé inférieur de la Russie et sa Faune (Nouv. Mém.
de la Soc. Imp. d. Nat. de Moscou, T. xvi.).

13. Pavlow et Lamplugh, 1892. Argiles de Speeton (Moscou).
14. Phillips, J., 1829. Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire (York).

120 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

15, Salfeld und Frebold, 1924. Jura- und Kreide-Fossilien von Nowaja Semlja (Rep.
Sci. Results of Norwegian Exped. to Novaya Zemlya, 1921, No. 23).

16. Seeley, H., 1865. On Ammonites from the Cambridge Greensand (Ann, Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 3, vol. 16).

17. Sinzow, J., 1870. Apercu Géologique du Gouv. de Saratow (Bull. Soc. Min. St.
Petersb., ser. 2, vol. 5).

18. Spath, L. F., 1923. On the Ammonite Horizons of the Gault and Contiguous Deposits
(Summ. of Progress for 1922 of Geol. Surv. Engl. and Wales, Appendix ii.).

19. Spath, L. F., 1924. On the Ammonites of the Speeton Clay (Geol. Mag. vol. Ixi.).

20. Tenison-Woods, J. E., 1883. On some Mesozoic Fossils from the Palmer River, Queens-
land (Jour. and Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales, vol. xvi.).

21. Weerth, O., 1884. Die Fauna des Neocomsandsteins im Teutoburger Wald (Pal.
Abhandl., Bd. 2, H. 1).

22. Whitehouse, F. W., 1926. The Cretaceous Ammonoidea of Eastern Australia (Mem.
Q'land. Mu3., vol. vili., pt. 3).

23. Whitehouse, F.-W., 1926. Record of Exhibits (Proc. Roy. Soc. Q’land., Abstracts,
VOL. 22earviil., Pp. 1x.)

EXPLANATION OF PLATES XVI-XVII.
(All figures are natural size.)
Plate XVI.
Fig. 1.—Simbirskites morvene sp. nov.
Holotype (Q. M. Coll.). | Locality : Victoria Downs, Morven (Qld.).
Figs. 2, 3.—Aconeceras walshense (Eth. fil.).
Fig. 2 (a), (6). Holotype, lateral and apertural views. Locality: Walsh River
(Q. M. Coll.).
Fig. 3.—Specimen F.1704 (Q. M. Coll.), a form rather more involute than the
holotype. Locality : Walsh River (North Qld.).
Figs. 4 (a), (b).—Parahoplitoides plenus sp. nov.
Lateral and sectional views of holotype (M.G.M.Coll.). The outline of the venter

(which, on the specimen, is crushed) is restored. Locality: Mt. Brown
(N.S.W.).

Plate XVII.

Fig. 1.—Gyaloceras smithi sp. nov.
Holotype (Q.M.Coll.). Locality: Walsh River (North Qld.). The slight flexure at X
is due to an injury.
Figs. 2-5.—Sanmartinoceras fontinale (Hudleston).

Fig. 2 (a), (6). Copy of protograph of holotype from Primrose Springs, South
Australia (B. M.Coll.). Costate stage begins at a diameter of 18 mm.

Figs. 3 (a), (6). Specimen from South-Central Queensland (A. M. Coll.). Costate
stage is already fully developed at a diameter of 29 mm.

Fig. 4.—Specimen from Walsh River (Q.M. Coll.). Costate stage begins at a
diameter of 30 mm.

Fig. 5.—From Walsh River (Q.M.Coll.). The largest known specimen. Costate
stage is developed, but only very weakly, at a diameter of 53 mm.

Fig. 6.—Sanmartinoceras olene (Tenison—Woods}.
Neotype, from Walsh River (G. 8. Q. Coll.).

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX., Puate XVI.

eH

Photo., H. W. Mobsby and A, N. Favk. Face page 120.

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Vou. IX., PLATE XVII.

Photo., H. W. Mobsby and A. N. Falk. Face page 120.

PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE SAUROPODA.—HUENE. 121

SHORT REVIEW OF THE PRESENT KNOWLEDGE
OF THE SAUROPODA.

By Dr. FRIEDRICH BARON HUENE, PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TUBINGEN,
GERMANY.

THE Sauropoda are the hugest continental animals the earth has ever
seen. They lived from the middle Jurassic to the Danian period of the upper-
most Cretaceous. Much has been written about them, but nevertheless their
natural classification and development do not yet appear in a_ desirable
clearness. In this respect the immense size of the Sauropoda has been an
obstacle.

The satisfactory excavation of such gigantic skeletons is difficult, and
the preparation, which is still more important, needs trained, skilful men
working for years. The scientific value of a skeleton is determined in advance
by the degree of care by which, during the excavation, the original articulation
or the original positions of the bones to each other in the rock is dealt with
by sketch-plans in scale as to make sure specially the sequence of the vertebre.
Because of the failure of this in many cases, we still know so astonishingly
little about the natural classification of the Sauropoda as a whole.

Most has been written and spoken on the North American Sauropoda.
Too little has been done with the earlier Sauropoda. The knowledge of the
Upper Cretaceous Sauropoda until now is quite insufficient. The large amount
of Tendaguru Sauropoda at Berlin and the recent excavations of the Carnegie
Museum at Pittsburgh have not yet been described; they will probably
complete and alter our ideas of the development and classification of the
Sauropoda.

The external appearance of the Sauropoda during Jurassic and
Cretaceous times does not change much in general; that means, in_ their
adaption and biology they are very similar to each other. Therefore it is
necessary to judge from minor differences in the more conservative parts of
the skeleton such as the neural parts of the skull and especially the vertebral
column. These are the essential parts to deal with.

(1.) The Family of the Cetiosauride has been considered as the most
primitive division of the Sauropoda. But they have to be divided into two
families :—

(a) Subfamily Cardiodontidze (Owen).
Teeth with sharp anterior and posterior edges and flat lingual face.

Neural part of skull similar to Plateosaurus. Vertebral formula (in Haplo-
canthosaurus) 13 (%) cervicals, 12 dorsals, 5 sacrals consisting of 1 dorsosacral,

122 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

3 original sacrals and 1 caudosacral). Neural spines of presacrals undivided.
Slight cavernosity of presacrals. Cervicals prolonged and _ opisthoccelous ;
dorsals short and opisthoccelous; caudals amphi- or platy-cclous. Distal
extremity of tail consisting of rod-like elements. Two sternal plates. Ilium
without much of a posterior spine. Pubis broad plate in whole length. Ischium
even distally fairly broad. Fore leg much shorter than hind leg. Leg bones solid.
Fibula without prominent muscular attachment above middle of shaft. Long
metacarpals and short metatarsals.

Middle and Upper Jurassic. The main genera are :—

Cetiosaurus (Owen). Middle Dogger, England.
Cetiosauriscus (Huene). Oxford Clay in England, Kimmeridge zone in
Switzerland.
Haplocanthosaurus (Hatcher). Lowest part of Morrison beds, North
America.
Dystropheus (Cope). Lowest part of Morrison beds, North America.

Remarks.

Cetiosaurus has been described in many places. Compare mainly
R. Owen: Reptiles of the Mesozoic Formations, Pt. II. in Palont. Soc.,
1875. See also J. Phillips: Geology of Oxford and the Valley of the
Thames, 1871.

Cetiosauriscus for Cetiosaurus leedsi, A. S. Woodward: Proc. Zool. Soe.
London, 1906, 232-243. Dorsal and caudal vertebre much shorter than in
Cetiosaurus, broad neural spines. Fore leg much shorter relatively than in
Cetiosaurus. Low ilium and_= slender femur as in AHaplocanthosaurus.
‘ Ornithopsis”’ (?) Greppinit (Huene) also belongs to this genus; see Ecloge
geologice Helvetiz, XVII., 1, 1922, 80-94.

Haplocanthosaurus, see Hatcher: Mem. Carnegie. Mus., Il., 1, 1903.
Several vertebre are missing and the present writer gives a different interpre-
tation of the vertebral formula from Hatcher.

Dystropheus, see Huene in: Neues Jahrbuch f. Min. etc. Beil. Bd. 19,
1904, 319-333.

(6) Subfamily Erachiosauride (Riggs).

Teeth similar to those in Cardiodontide. Skull relatively primitive (not yet
described, from Tendaguru). Vertebree more cavernous than in Cardiodontide.
Neural spines of presacral vertebre undivided. 5 sacrals as in preceding
group. Front leg nearly as long (Bothriospondylus) or longer (Brachiosaurus)
than hind leg. Girdles similar to those in preceding group.

Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous. The main genera are—

Bothriospondylus (Owen). Middle Dogger in England and Mada-
gascar, Malm in England and France.

PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE SAUROPODA.—HUENE. 123

Pelorosaurus (Mantell). Kimmeridge in England and France, Wealden
in. England.

Brachiosaurus (Riggs). Upper part of Morrison beds in North America,
Jura-Cretaceous-limit at Tendaguru.

¢ Pleurocelus (Marsh). Potomac, eastern North America.

Remarks.

-Bothriospondylus. See specially A. Thevenin: Dinosauriens de Madagascar.
Annales de Paléontologie, II., 1907.

Pelorosaurus, introduced 1850. The genus is identical with Ornithopsis
{Seeley 1870) and Dinodocus (Owen). See the literature in A. 8. Woodward
and D. Sherborn: Brit. Foss. Vertebr., 1890.

Brachiosaurus, see mainly E. 8S. Riggs: Publ. 94 of the Field Columbian
Museum, Geol. Ser. II., Chicago, 1904, p. 229 ff. W. Janensch: Uebersicht
‘iiber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguruschichten. Archiv. f. Biontologie, III.,
1, 1914, p. 86.

Pleurocelus, see O. C. Marsh: Dinosaurs of North America, Papers Ann.
Rep. Director U.S. Geol. Surv., 1895, p. 183-185, Pl. 40-41.

(2) Family Morosauride (Marsh).

Teeth similar to those of Cetiosauride. Skull relatively primitive, snout
not flattened in front as it is in Diplodocus. Large nasal openings above the
snout. Upper and lower jaw with strong teeth. Quadrate normally built.
Deep infundibulum. Formula of presacral vertebre not certain. 45. sacrals.
Presacrals very cavernously built, far more so than in the Brachiosauride.
Neural spines divided from 7th cervical to about 6th dorsal. Caudal centra
relatively longer than in Brachiosauride, amphiccelous ; przesacrals opisthoccelous.
Sternal plates similar to those in Cetiosauride. Pubis little narrower than in
‘Cetiosauride. Fore legs much shorter than hind legs. Humerus broad and with
very prominent Processus lateralis, comparable with Plateosauride. Fibula
with slight prominent muscular attachment above middle of shaft.

Upper Jurassic. The main genera are :—

Camarasaurus (Cope). Upper Morrison Beds, North America.

Amphicelias (Cope). Same beds, North America.

Barosaurus (Marsh). Same beds, North America.

2? Gigantosaurus (EK. Fraas). Jura-Cretaceous-limit at the Tendaguru in
former German East Africa.

Remarks.
Camarasaurus (= Morosaurus, Marsh, = Brontosaurus, Marsh) is here taken
in the sense of Osborn and Mook: Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New Series
III.,. Pt. 3, 1921; the species there described must be something quite different

124 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

from what Gilmore describes under the name Camarasaurus lentus (Marsh) with
a skull like Camarasaurus and with the presacral formula: 12 cervicals, 12
dorsals, and 5 sacrals; see C. W. Gilmore :—‘‘ A nearly complete skeleton of
Camarasaurus, a Sauropod Dinosaur from the Dinosaur National Monument,
Utah.” Mem. Carnegie Mus., X., 3, 1925, 347-384. This vertebral formula.
is certain as the skeleton was articulated; the number of cervical vertebre is
lower than in Camarasaurus excelsus described by Osborn and Mook, though
the actual number of cervicals in that form is not known; this latter species
also had probably less dorsals than the skeleton described by Gilmore. + This.
demonstrates much uncertainty in the edifice of the natural classification of the:
Sauropoda. If ‘‘ Morosaurus”’ brevis (OWen) belongs to that genus, it would.
also occur in the English Wealden.

Amphicelias, see in the mentioned Memoir of Osborn and Mook.

Barosaurus, see R. 8. Lull: The sauropod Dinosaur Barosaurus Marsh,
redescription of the type specimens in the Peabody Museum, Yale University..
Mem. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., VI., 1919, 1-42.

Gigantosaurus (EK. Fraas, non Seeley), see W. Janensch, Uebersicht itber
die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguruschichten Archiv. f. Biontologie, III., 1, 1914.

(3) Family Dicrzeosauridee.

Skull similar to Camarasaurus. Neural spines of presacral vertebre-
higher and more deeply divided than in Morosauride. Vertebre differently
and less cavernous than in Morosauride; centra without pleuroceels. Short
neck. Presacral formula not published yet.

Jura-Cretaceous limit. Only genus :-—Dicreosaurus . (Janensch). Jura-
Cretaceous-limit at the Tendaguru in former German East Africa.

Remarks.

Dicreosaurus, see Janensch |.c. 1914. Posterior part of skull in : Pompeckj,,.
Sitz. ber. Gesellsch. naturforsch, Freunde, Berlin, 1920, 3, p. 120, fig. 4.

Should perhaps the skeleton described by Gilmore as Camarasaurus
lentus (see above) belong to this family? This is but a faint suggestion; the.
writer does not know.

(4) Diplodocidee.

Numerous tack-like teeth. Skull much modified as compared with
Camarasaurus. Nasal openings pushed up to the front. Situation of orbita.
very high. Snout low. Both pairs of temporal openings much pushed together.
Quadrate ham-like in form. Longitudinal axis of skull broken. Very deep
infundibulum, Neural part of skull. high. Vertebral formula: 15 cervicals, 10
dorsals, 5 sacrals, amongst which 1 dorsosacral, as in all of the former families.
Presacrals very cavernous. Neural spines deeply divided from the 7th cervical.
to the 5th dorsal (the 6th is less divided). Also anterior caudals still

PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE SAUROPODA.—HUENE. 125

cavernous. Caudals amphiccelous. Extremity of tail consisting of rod-like
elements. Distal hamapophyses forming double lashes. Abdominal ribs existing.
2 sternal plates. Pubis narrower at distal end than in Morosauride. Fore legs
much shorter than hind legs. Humerus broad with strong Processus lateralis.

Upper Jurassic. Only genus :-—
Diplodocus (Marsh). Morrison beds of North America.

Remarks.

The most important descriptions of Diplodocus are by Hatcher: Mem.
‘Carnegie Mus, I., 1, 1901. Holland: Ibidem, II., 6, 1905. Holland: Ibidem,
IX., 3, 1924.

(5) Family Apatosauridee (Riggs).
Essential characters same as in Diplodocide, skeleton more bulky. 15

-cervicals, 10 dorsals, 5 sacrals. Following indications given by Holland this
family will possibly become united with Diplodocide.

Upper Jurassic. The genera are :—
Apatosaurus (Marsh). Morrison beds of North America.

? Uintasaurus (Holland). Same beds of North America.

Remarks.

Apatosaurus, see mainly E. 8. Riggs in Publ. 82 of Field Columbian Mus.
Geol. Ser., IL., 4, 1903, p. 165-196.

Uintasaurus, see J. W. Holland in Ann. Carnegie Mus., XV., 1924,
p- 119-138. !

(6) Family Titanosauridee.

Numerous weak tack-like teeth as in Diplodocus. Also external form of
‘skull similar to that genus. Longitudinal axis of skull broken. Upper orbital
rim higher than middle of skull-roof. Both temporal openings shortly pushed
together. Neural part of skull very high, snout low and broad. Basipterygoid
processes shorter than in Diplodocus. Supraoccipital of specially primitive form
as in Morosauride. Formula of the opisthoccelous presacral vertebre not
known, but with a minimum of 12 and a maximum of 14 cervicals; in the
same sense, 10-12 dorsals. 6 sacrals amongst which 2 dorsosacrals and I
caudosacral, all firmly ankylosed. First caudal biconvex, the following caudals
proceelous. Neural arch in middle and posterior caudals fixed only im anterior
part of centrum. Extremity of tail consisting of rod-like elements. Two long
narrow sternal plates. Coracoid rectangular. Pubis broad plate in whole length
with small foramen. Fore leg shorter than hind leg. Processus lateralis in
humerus only little prominent. Fibula with rather thick proximal extremity
and very prominent muscular attachment above middle of shaft.

126 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

From Lower to uppermost Cretaceous. The genera are :—

Titanosaurus (Lydekker). Wealden to Danian, England, France, Trans-
sylvania, India, Madagascar, Patagonia, Brazil.

Laplatasaurus (Huene). Turonian to Senonian, Madagascar, India,
Patagonia.

Argyrosaurus (Lydekker). Senonian, Patagonia.

Antarctosaurus (Huene). Senonian, Patagonia.

Macrurosaurus (Seeley). Cenomanian in England, Senorian in Patagonia.

Aepisaurus (Gervais). Aptian, Southern France.

Hypselosaurus (Mathéron). Danian, Southern France.

2 Alamosaurus (Gilmore). Danian, New Mexico.

Remarks.

Titanosaurus, see R. Lydekker in Paleontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Surv.
Ind.) (4), L., 3, 1879, p. 20 ff. Lydekker: The Dinosaurs of Patagonia.. An.
Mus. La Plata, IT., 1893. Also: Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, 43, 1887,
156-160. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, 44, 1888, p. 58. Ch. Depéret in
Bull. Soc. géol. France, (3), 24, 1896, 178 ff. Thevenin in Ann. Pal. II., 1897,.
p. 13-14. Depéret in Bull. Soc. géol. France, (3), 28, 1900, 107-108. Nopcesa in
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, 79, I., 1923, 100-116. Nopesa in Mitteil a. d.
Jahrb. Ungar. Reichsanstalt, 23, 1, 1915, p. 14-15.

Laplatasaurus and Antarctosaurus are new genera; they will soon be
published in the Anales del Museo de La Plata.

Argyrosaurus, see Lydekker in Mus. La Plata, II., 1893.

Macrurosaurus, see mainly H. G. Seeley in Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.
London, 32, 1876, 440-444.

Aepisaurus, see P. Gervais: Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 1852, Vol. I., p.
263; Vol. II., Explanation of Plates, p. 8; Vol. III., Pl. 63, fig. 3-4.

Hypselosaurus, see Mathéron in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Marseille, 1869,
1-39; and in Bull. Soc. géol. France, (2), 26, 1869. Nopesa in Quart.
Journ. Geol. Soc. London, 79, 1, 1923, 108.

Alamosaurus, see Ch. W. Gilmore: A new Sauropod Dinosaur from the
Ojo Alamo formation of New Mexico. Smithson. Miscell. Coll., 72, 14, 1922
(Jan.), 9, p. 1-9.

This short review demonstrates quite plainly, that in the families
Morosauride, Dicrzosauride, and Apatosaurids our present knowledge of the
Sauropoda still is quite insufficient. But there are hopes that this lack will
soon be filled up.

Quite recently also Australia has begun to contribute to the history of
the Sauropoda (H. A. Longman: A giant Dinosaur from Durham Downs,
Queensland. Mem. Queensland Mus. VIII., 3, 1926, 183-194 ; ibidem, IX., 1927,
pp. 1-18).

CONTENTS.

PAGE.
The Giant Dinosaur: Rhetosaurus brownet—Plates I-V

and Text-figures — _ = = =- - - - Heber A. Longman - - _ “1388
New Tingitoidea (Hemiptera) in the Queensland Museum,

Plates VI-X — - _ - - - _ _ - Henry Hacker — = wt =A - 19-32
New Coleoptera: Family Tenebrionide ; Sub-Family Cyphaleine H. J. Carter -— - ey ~ an BOB.
On Storeus, Emplesis, and other Curculionide, mostly from

Queensland — = _ ~ - - ~ - - Arthur M. Lea _ > - ~— 35-62
Notes on Parasitic Hymenoptera from Australia with desorip-

tions of New Species _ - - ~ _- _ ~ Alan P. Dodd - - _ _ ~ @3-7h
Northern Territory Fishes—Plates XI-XV - - - -—-— W.E, J. Paradice & G. P. Whitley 76-106
Ichthyological Notes - - - - - —- - = T,C, Marshal- - - - 107-108
Additions to the Cretaceous Ammonite Fauna of Eastern

Australia, Part I: Simbirskitide, Aconeceratide and

Parahoplitide—Plates XVI-XVII ~— = - - - F, W. Whitehouse -— - - 109-120

Short Review of the Present Knowledge of the Sauropoda — Friederich Baron Huene — ~ 121-126

ee