O prirode drevnevedicheskogo brahmana (po dannim Rigvedasamhiti)

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3&j&* t pe&b> ^00^

BBK 63.4

PeaaKipioHHaa Kojuieraa:

npocp. IIpaxHH A.JJ.,

aon;. Kopotkhx JI.M. (otb. pe^aKTop),

CeMeHeHKO A.A.

yneHbie 3airacKH. Bbin. 4 BopoHeat: M3,u,aTejibCTBo
"Homoc", 2002. 179 c.

ISBN 5-89541-009-X

@H3aaTejibCTBO '"Homoc", 2002

CesMeneiiKo A. A.

O ripiipo^e apeBiieBeftHHecKoro 6paxMana
(no AamibiM PnrBerj,acaMXHTM) .

Ha npcTODKeHHH ecex AByxcoT jieT cymecTBOBaHHa repMeHeBTHKH TeKCTa
apeBHeHtuero naMaraHKa caHCKpHTCKOH JTHTeparypbi - PHrBeaacaMXHTbi !
(najiee PB) - b 3toh HayKe oaho H3 BezrymHX M.ecT 3aHHMaeT u HMeeT 6ojibiiioe
hmcjio CTopoHHHKOB Haiy pajiHCTHnecKa« TeopHfi HHTepnpeiaiiHH
BHiueynoM3HyToro cočpaHHa thmhob. 2 PaHHaa BejuiHCKaa pejinrua
paccMaTpHBaeTca b Hefi KaK noMHTaHHe nepcoHH(j)HHHpoBaHHbix h
aeH(])HUHpoBaHHbix MaTepna;ibHbix HBjieHHH c nocTeneHHbiM nepexoflOM k
noooHeHHK) o6ooineHHbiM npeflCTaBJienHJiM o TaKOBbix nocpe/icTBOM
onpenejieHHbix pHTyaJibHbix MaHHnyjiau,HH. Ee TBopuaMH CHHTaioTca
npcucTaBHTejiH cKJiaflbiBatomeroca b HH^oaprnicKOM oSmecTBe b nepHoa
cocTaBJieHHfl PB }KpeMecKoro cocjiobha, HacHHTbiBaromero uejibiH pm TaKnx
KaTeropHH KaK npH3biBaTejiH (?ra^ hotar), coBepiiiHTejiH >KepTBeHHbix
nyTeuiecTBHH {^mg adhvarju), ohhcthtcjih (wc, potar), 3a>KHraTejiH oraa
{m^agnidh), BOcneBaienH (s^ra^ udgdtar), npHBOflHTejiH (hs^ neitar),
HacTaBJiafOiUHe (^nm^prasdstar), npn6jiH)KaK)UTHe penbro (w^ upavaktar),
nocTaBJieHHbie Bnepe/jH (sofe purohita), ce30HHbie acepTBOBaTejiH (m^-tvij)
u ycnoKOHTejiH hjih ncnojiHHTejiH (srfaH^ samitar). Hx nocpejiHHHecKaa
(j)yHKU,Ha npeflHa3HaHaeTca b nepByK) onepeiib juia o6cjiy>i<HBaHHa
tj)opMHpyioineroca BoeHHoro cocjiobhh (#q kšatrija hjih wr rdjanja) bo
maBe c njieMeHHbiMH uapaMH (*ra raja). EpaxMaHbi {s^m brahmana)
nepBOHanajibHO npe/TCTaBJiaKrr co6oh jmiiib o/j,hh H3 MHoro™cjieHHbix
pa3pa/j;OB KpeuoB, KOTopoMy BnocjieflCTBHH 6biJio cy>Kfleno ijaTb Ha3BaHHe
BceMy >KpeHecKOMy cocjiobhjo.

OflHaKO TaKoe HCTOJiKOBaHHe HCKaacaeT coaepHcaHHe PB. Co3ii.aTejib

CHMBOJIHHeCKOH nCHXOJ10rHHeCKOH TeOpHH repMeHeBTHKH flpeBHeHUIHX

BeflHHecKHX thmhob LLI.A.rxouj y6eflHTejibHO onpcmepr flBa nepBbie H3
BbiiueH3jioMceHHbix nojioaceHHH HaTypaiiHCTHHecKoro noflxoaa h aaji kjiiot k
onpoBep>KeHHK) TpeTbero. Oh ziOKa3aji, hto ynoMHHaeMbie b hctohhhkc
oGteKTbi noKnoHeHHfl aBJiaroTca CHMBOJiaMH cBepxco3HarejibHbix H
6ecco3HaTenbHbix acneKTOB nejioBenecKofi ncnxHKH h hto coBepniaeMaa fljia
hhx hjih npoTHB hhx »epTBa (w yajna) co BceMH cbohmh BaacHeHiUHMH
3JieMeHTaMH npejiCTaBJiaeT co6oh o6pa3 caMonoKepTBOBaHHa nejioBeKa
CmiaM CBeTa (%r deva) h npoTHB Chji TbMbi («%i adeva)} TaKace oh BbicKa3aji
npejinojio>KeHMe o tom, hto npoi-BBO/jamHe KepTBonpHHomeHHe >Kpeubi
CHMB0JiH3HpyroT HenejioBenecKi-ie chjibi hjih 3HeprHH hjih cocTaBJiaiomHe

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nejioBenecKOH jihhhocth h 3Ta rHnoTe3a obuia no/irBepHtaeHa HaMH &m Bcex
Bb[LueynoMflHyTbix >KpeHecKHX KareropHH 3a HCKJHoneHHeM 6paxMaHOB b
pe3yxibTaTe aHajiH3a Bcex o6Hapy>KeHHbix HaMH - 6onee 440 - cnyHaeB hx
ynoMHHaHHH b PB: hmh OKa3anHCb npoH3Bo/i.fliUMe caMono>KepTBOBaHHe
nejiOBeia HMMaHeHTHbie no OTHOiueHHK) k ero cymecTBy Chjim CBeTa (^n
deva). 4 HeTBepToe noJio>KeHHe HaTypajiHCTHHecKOH Teopnn Taoce He
Bbiflep>KHBaeT kphthkh - H3yneHHe okojio 240 ynoMHHaHHH uapefi (<ra raja)
h pafla ynoMHHaHHH HaaejieHHbix chjiok) hjih BJiacTbio (v$m kšatriya) b
naMSTHHKe noKa3ajio, hto h ohh CHMBOJiH3HpyhOT 3aKa3biBaK>mHe
caMonoacepTBOBaHHe nejiOBeKa CHJibi CBeTa (^i deva); HMeHOBaHHe mhcthkob
b 3 cjiynaax uapamHMH CHHHHeM (*ra raja) yKa3biBaeT Ha npHcyrcTBHe b hhx
CBeTa Oma (mim^djaus pitar); cHHTaromaacfl BonjiomaioineH Ero oco6aa
BOHHCKaji rpynna b jjyxoBHOM coo6mecTBe HH/aoapHeB (anwf drjavarna)
Ha3biBaeTCH *ef^ rajanja. 5 '■'■•■':■

T.o. mu BnjroTHyK) npH6jiH3HJiHCb k Bonpocy o npupoae ynoMHHaeMbix
b PB 6paxMaH0B h o6Hapy>KeHHe npaBHJibHoro OTBeTa Ha Hero nM.e;eT
orpoMHoe 3HaneHHe /ijia noHHMaHHa npouecca pa3BHTH5i coujnajibHbix

HHCTHTyTOB, MHpOB033peHHH, peJIHTHH H ({)HJ10CO(J)HH HHflHHCKOrO 06meCTBa

He TOJibKO b BeflHHCKHH nepHOA, ho h Ha npora>KeHHH Bcex 4000 JieT ero
cymecTBOBaHH5i.

AHmHHCKHH HccneflOBaTe^b A.BaiueM nojiaraeT, hto cjiobo ^m^brahman
03HanaeT oftep>KHMoro 6paxMOK> hjih o6jia/j,aionj,ero 6paxMaHOM, T.e.

«TaHHCTBeHHOK) MaTHHeCKOK) CHJTOK)» HJIH MeM-TO «BpOfle

cBepxi>ecTecTBeHHoro 3JieKTpHMecTBa». 6 LLI.A.rxoui CHHraeT, hto TepMHH ^m
brahmana nepcuae'T Hflero Bbipa>KeHHH ncnxHHecKoro ceprj.ua hjih /4yuiH
nocpeacTBOM CnoBa Bora h no3TOMy ^mjbrahman aBJiaeTca BJianejibueM Ero
h HecoMoro Hm 3HaHHH. 7 PB oTOHtuecTBJiaeT CBepKaiouj.ee Cjiobo (^jr^w
djumnavad brahma) c TljiaMeHeM (smagni) (111.29.15) BojiH-HcTHHbi (aira^g
^m^agnikratu rtacit) (1.77.3; IV.3.4; V.3.9; VI.9.5); ujia nainero jjajibHeHuiero
H3Jio>KeHH5i BaacHO to, hto (})opMaMH nocjie/jHeH flBJiflioTCfl CToyMHbiii Fhochg
(???ra»P|w i 'RHT indra satakratu ?nahd »zflnđ5đ)(VI.40.4)HAyiuaKaKrocno/j.HH
MojiHTBbi(č^rai?5i^i5pJiH,^ tvamagna indro tvam brahmanas pate) (II. 1.3);
Boji« (a# agni) h Pa3yM {v^ indra) BMecTe HMeHyioTCJi Co3HaHHeM-CHJiOH
(3TT%ng^ asvina supa.nl) (1.109.4). •■■

B nepByio onepe/ib Ha/40 OTMeTHTb, hto b naMaraHKe HcnojiHeHHbiMH '
CjioBa (m\brahman) Ha3biBatOTca caMH CHJibi CBeTa (%n deva): EoacecTBeHHaa
BoJia (a#đgnO-B6 cnyHaax (II.1.2; II.1.3; IV.9.4; VII.7.5; X.52.2; X.91.10)
h KaK CBeTJieHLuaa (m% vasištha)~s 1 cjiyHae(VII.33.11), flyma KaK FocnoflHH
MojiHTBbi (^m^w brahmanas, pati hjih 3SF# brhaspati) - b 3 cjiynaax (IV.50.7-
8; IV.50.9; X.141.3), Thochc (šfs indra) - b 3 cjiynaax (VI.45.7; VIII.16.7;

70

VIII. 92. 30), Cnjiaa-Co.3HaHHe HcTHHbi (3tp=rt asvind) - b 1 cnyMae (11.39. 1),
Bjia)KeHCTBO (eto «w*đ) - b 1 cjiynae (IX.96.6); no OAHOMy pa3y CBeTOHOCHbie
'(šfcr rfw) Ha3biBaroTca HecymHMH Cjiobo (^^ brahman) kslk Otoh hjih
3amnTHHKH (ra^ /?ztor) (VI.75.9-10) h OraeHHbie (a%H, angiras) (VII.42.1).
O^HaKO b HCTOHHHKe ecTb eme ue/ibiH pKfl ynoMHHaHHfi 6paxMaHOB c

6QJlbUIOH BepOflTHOCTbK) TOTO, HTO OHH aBJIJTOTCfl JlK)flbMH, a He 3MaHaUH3MH

Bo>KecTBeHHOro CBeTa (^ftčn, dyaus pitar).

B PB hStko npocMaTpHBaeTCJi cBSBb rvie>Kjry 6paxiviaHaMH h Fhochcom.
Ohh noHHTaHDT Ero (~m mm brahma saparyati) (VIII. 64. 7) h no/iHHMaiOT
tioho6ho 6ajiKe hjih JiecTHHue (^iuiMi*id+H3^5feim^TO brahmanastva satakrata
ud vamsamiva yemire)(l. 10.1). Bpaxi«aHbi TaioKe noKJioHfliOTCfl (čtSJT^tftrfia
brahma vah saparjati) (VHI.7.20) nopoacaaiomHM Ero («m*m ws4janayanta
indrijam) (1.85.2) MeHTajibHbiM SHeprasiM (ms-- epici marutah sumatim)
(1.166.6). Abtop niMHa yaep>KHBaeT njiaivieHHbix 3anparaeMbix PenbK) KOHefi
h KOJiecHHu,y FHOCHca, htoSh Oh o/japHji 6paxtviaHOB (an čt <p ^i^i ?ft T^i
gn3*iT i ^fii g^n^ ?^^: i ta eta vacojuja harl grbhne sumadrathd jddirii
bra.hma.bhya id dadah) (VIII.45.39). B cootb6tctbhh c npenonpenejieHHbiM

HCTHHOfi XOJ10M BpeMeHH FhOCHC flejiaeT CBOHM flpy3bHM, CBJBaBUIHiM c Hhm

CBO.e >KenaHHe - BaoxHOBeHHbiM 6paxiwaHaM - meapbie nonapKH h hm He
Hy>KHo npocHTb Ero 06 stom (<p w rm^s^n ^m^mh^ iW ^ sprm i ra I 3wtt
Tšci W3f^i ^ r^rai i^: w^i?5 mž ^z tožm rtutha yatayantam maghd viprebhjo
dadatatii srnomi kim te brahmana grhate sakbajo ye tvdyd nidadhuh
kamam indra) (V.32.12). J\m ayxoBHoro pocia 6paxMaHOB Oh npo6HBaeT
nyTb b 6e3flOHHbix npocTpaHCTBax k FocnoaHHy MHO>KecTBa Hacna>K,neHHH
(aro i^^mjui«^% *^frt \ irii 4&&i^$ abhi gandharvamatrnadabudhnešu rajassvd
indro brahmabhya id vrdhe) (VIII.77.5).

BpaxMaH npHxoflHT h yca)KHBaeTCfl nm »epTBonpHHoaienHJi (^f? ^hw<
wn mte^dadhđtyupa yajnamayan brdhmano nišldan)(X.8?>.19). Oh HiueT
)Kena!omero BbDKaTb noflHomeHHe h npocHT ero KanjiH renb KpyraMH fljia
FHOCHca (asn ^^m^H 5^titw brahma sunvantamichatindra indo pari
srava) (IX. 112.1). BpaxMaHbi 30ByT nocjie,zmero HaroTOBe c Bbi>KaTbiM
3KCTpaKT0M (^nr-c^fs tl*^ s^mt brahmanastva indra sutdvanto ha.va.mahe)
(VIII. 17.3). Ero npH3biBaroT HcnHTb hx Bbi>KaToro noflHOiueHHa b
npeflHa3HaHeHHoe Mcthhoh BpeMfl, HanoMHHaioT o nepyujHMOH apy>K6e
(aismt^sn ?m- to *rW 5Sjpg i ^iq w?WHpq, brdhmanadindrd rddhasah piba
somam rtunranu taved dhi sakhjamastrtam) (1.15.5) h npHrJiamaiOT nHTb
flocbua (ar??wKf <p^m brahmanddd trpat piba) (II.36.5). Bojih m Pa3yM BMecTe
onb5iHHK)Tca b cbo6m >KHXiHme - b HcnojiHeHHOM CBeTa 6paxMane (<^<iift
I ^:H|W^'rfiWH yadindrdgm madathah sve durone brahmani rajoni)
(1.108.7). Tenepb y npoH3BOflHmHx Bbi>KHMaHHe 6paxMaHOB HeT aoura nepefl

71

Vhocucom (i^i?tm\w\ na nunatii brahmanđm ntam)(VIII.32.16)H no3TOMy
nocjieflHHH 03apaeT noflaBJieHHoro, HcromeHHoro u nmymero 3amnTbi
6paxiwaHa, KOToptiH nm Hero aaBHJibHbiMH KaMHsiMH BbiJKHMaeT 3KCTpaKT
(m ojf? m^n q: ^ifi ^t ?wn rwhwh+R= i grrapin pm« h ^: -yo radbrasya coditđ
yah krsasja yo brahmana nddhamdnasyaklreh yuktagrdvno sutasomasya sa
indrah) (II. 12.6). BpaxMaH flaBHiibHbiM KaMHein BbuKHMaeT sKcrpaKT u
npon3HOCHT MeTpHHecKyro penb h ot stoto Bbi>KaToro HcnbiTbiBaeT
Bna>KeHCTBO u HyBCTByeT ce6a bcjthkhm (m m\ ikmi' wra 3^ 1 maru «m j##
?tw3tw^ jfctfra brabmd chandasjMi vacarii vadan gravnđ some tnabljate
someanandam) (IX. 113. 6). BbDKaToe bxoaht b 6paxMaHOB (fltaaj ^areiuiHii^ter
somasca yo brdhmandnđvivesa) (X.16.6).

Hctohhhk ynoflo6jiHeT 6paxMaH0B, ncnojiH5HomHx o6eT Ha npora>KeHHH
ro,na, c jie>Kaii!,HMH JiHrymKaMH, OKHBJifleMbiMH rposoBOH TyneH.n
HaHHHaromHMH npoH3HOCHTb Penb (wtm ai^nhi šn^iTf Md-iiRui: 1 >m <&fa fSr^čri si
h%*i araii^j: samvatsararii, sasaydnd brahmana vratacdrinah vacarii ,parjanya
jinvitdm pra mandukd avadišuh) (VII. 103.1). Vion rpo30BoB Tyqefi
no/ipa3yMeBaeTca caM Thochc (55 q«Nl ^otr^ indra parjanjo vrštimdn
iva) (VIII.6.1), a non HecoMbiM eio flo>KAeM - Ero cnjia (ft#2 svavrštim)
(1.52.5). ZJajiee BemaromHe Ha ncxoae homh BOKpyr H3o6HJibHoro BbDKaToro
no/iHouieHHfl 6paxMaHbi cpaBHHBaroTca c JuiryiiiKaMH BOKpyr .npyaa b
npeflBKyujeHHH no^m (mmm <xm® ^ sra h *$mš\ ^: 1 wrtuw.t^s: m. b ^h^:
snffM^ brdhmandso atiratre na saro na purnamabhito vadantab samvatsarasya
tadahah pari štba yan mandukdh prdvršlnavi babhuva) (VII. 103. 7).
HcnonHeHHbie SKCTpaicra 6paxi«aHbi ciaHOBaica npoBOUHHKaMH PeHH h
npon3HOCHT Ee CjiOBa b necTb HaHajia KOHTaicra c Fhochcom (stwnu: httoi
iNH«hd »isifu^: ^m<M<\"\\brdhmandsah somino vdcamakrata brahma krnvantah
parivatsarlnam) (VII. 103.8).

H3 BbimenpHBefleHHbix cooGmeHHH CKJiaabiBaeTca BnenaTJieHHe tom,

HTO 6paXMaHbI 6bIJlH THnHHHbIMH HCnOJIHHTeJIflMH pHTya/lbHblX MaHHnyjlflUHH

npHroTOBJieHHH onMiHHiomero, CTHMyxiHpyiomero h rajuiiouHHoreHHoro
HanHTKa (ak soma), KOTopbiH 3aieM c MOJiHTBaMH npefliiarajiH o&beicraM
CBoero noKJioHeHHfl h ynoTpe6jiajiH caMH. OanaKO noHTH no 3T0My
o6menpHH«TOMy b HaTypajTHCTHHecKOH iiiKOJie HHTepnperauHH ny™
HCTOJiKOBaHHfl HCTOHHHKa 3HaHHT CTaTb onepeanoH KepTBofi ero
3K30TepHMecKoro h npeflHa3Ha4eHHoro nnn npocjjaHOB noKpoBa h He
npoHHKHyTb b ero 330TepHHecKHH xiyxoBHbiH CMbicn. Be3pe3yjibTaTHtie cnopbi
no Bonpocy pacTHTe^bHOM hjih tph6hom npoTOTune o6pa3a combi
npoaojT>KaiOTC3 Ha npoTaaceHHH Bcefi flByxcoTJieTHefl hctophh
cymecTBOBaHHa repivieHeBTHKH TeKCTa PB. S OflHaKO 3Ta ranoiesa aBJiaeTca
3aBeaoMO oiuh6omhoh, nocKOJibKy aBTopbi thmhob yTBep>KflaioT, mto

72

pacTHpaioinHH padeHHe Jiniiib mhht ce6* OTBeflaBiiiHM CoMbi h mto
H3BecTHoro 6paxMaHaM Cotoy He BKyiuaeT hhkto («W»pqž qfi^j ^#*R«mi
m^m^^j^m^^R soniarii manjate pipavan yat sampwi.santyosa.dhwi
somam jatbrahmano vidurna tasydsnati kascana) (X.85.3); mnee ohh
ao6aBJiHK)T, mto CoMa samnmeH h cnpsTaH nocTaBJieHHbiMH ero cKpbiBaTb
MoryinecT B eHHbiMH Crpa*aMH - oh ctoht h npHcnyuiHBaeTca k aaBHJibHbiM
KaMHSM h ero H e OTBeaaeT hh o^ho 3e MH oe cymecTBo (3n^4w#rat «& šm
m> i *»iii^nfeB& i ^ 3IOTB mm: acbadviSanairgupite barhataih soma rakšitah
gmvnamicchrnvan ttšthasi na te asnati parthivah) (X.85.4). HeKOTopue
HaiypajiHCTHHecKHe HHTepnpeTaTopti nojiaraior, mto b 3 tom cjiy 4 ae
roBopHTca y>Ke o apyroM npoTomne CoMbi - noMoraromeM pocTy pacTCHHH
Mecaue, - mto canio no ce6e aBJiseTca noKasaTejiei« Hea^eKBaTHOcTH
Hcnojib3yeMoro TOJiKDBarejuiMH Mera^a. OflHaKO naMHTHHK fleMOHCT P HpyeT
HBHvro 6ecnjTOziH0CTb nozio6Hbix nonbiTOK - b hčm yTBep> K aaeTCJi, mto CoMy

BbDKHMaiOT PeMbK) HcTHHbl, HpaBflHBOCTbK), BepOK) H aCKCTHMeCKHM nbUIOM

^mm^mzmn^rtavakena satyena sraddhaja tapasd šuta) (IX. 113.2)
m.A.Txou] bh/iht b CoMe o6pa3 Bjra>KeHCTBa, cocTaBraromero cym H ocTb
BemeH h 6biTHs 9 , h TaKoe noHHMaHHe noflTBepacđaeTCJi ynoMH H a H HeM b
naMATHHKe BbiKaToro EjiaaceHCTBa («foan*< someanandam) (IX. 113.6)
HaTypa^HCTHMecKHe HHTepnpeTaTopu M oryr oraera-n. Ha sto, mto CoMa
HMe H yeTca LJapamHM Cbctom ma pacreHusMH (sfra* *mmX ošadhlh
somarajnlr) (X.97. 1 8 h 1 9). Om&m h b 3tom anyMae CHMBOJiHMecKoe 3HaMeHHe

0M6BHAHO, n0CKO^bKy0603HaMa I OmHH paCTeHHHTepMHH^*Ošd/l?flOCJIOBHO

nepeBOOTTca Kan «BMecTHJTHma C B eTa». 10 H Koraa fl eHCTByeT 6paxMa H 3-th
CMiomHe Te;ia C B eTa (m^^\ošadhlr devir) (X.97.4) noMoratOT MejioBeKy
bbihth sa npeaejibi CBoero orpaHHMeHHoro cosHaHHH hjih nepefira H a apyryio
CTO P OHy Bocopraraa (aifrm. ^% ^ ^m *m<m w# oŠadhayah vadante
jasmai krnoti brahmanastarii parayamasi) (X.97.22).

Eme oflHO coo6meHHe PB npn noBepxHOCTHOM npoMTenHH no3BOJiaeT

rOBOpHTb O 6paXM3HaX KaK 06 HCnOJTHHTejI5!X M3TepHaJIbHbIX

»tepTBonpHHomeHHH - b hčm roBopHTca, mto r H ocHcy HpaBHTca tot 6pax M aH
KOTopbiH jKepTByeT flJia ceGs h apy™x, BbiKHMaeT h BapHT (^ *wra ^ ^w^
wira ^ i W5J^Hffi^ yo yajati yajdta it sunavacca pačati ca
brah?nedindrasyacakanat) (VIII.31.1). T.k. Bbiuie y>Ke ycTaHOBJieHa
CHMBOJiHMecKa« npHpozia npouecca Bbi>KHMaHHH, to to *e caivioe C Jieflye T
npeanojiaraTb h am npouecca BapeHHa. Ohh tccho CBKsaHM b mhcthmcckom
yMeHHH PB h b Hefi mm Haxo fl HM OTOJKflecTBjieHHe Combi c aymoK) Ka K
TocnoflHHOM MojTHTBbi h coo6meHHe o tom, mto Ero OMHiuaromaa ueflHJiKa
HaTH H yTa b CseTe (to & te vm^ti #ffei^^ pavitram te vitatam
bmhmanas pate pavitram vitatam divas pade) h caM Oh o6eperaeT MJieHbi

73

Te/ia OHHmaeMoro aBiopa rHMHa co Bcex CTopoH (^nfarior qiffqfe i *RN
prabhurgdtrdm paryešivisvatah); ripotmi nepe3 sto He MoaceT cupoe u
HecorpeToe hjih Henbuiaiomee tcjio - ycneujHO npoxoflHT TonbKO BapeHoe u
Be3ymee (^d^d-jd a^mi w$ ?pra ^dii'dM.OTrera ataptatanurna taddmo asnute
srtasa id vahantastat samdsata){JX.%'5.\-2).

H eme b ouhom OTpbiBKe no bhahmocth coaepjKHTCfl ocy>KfleHne tcx,
kto He aaeT 6paxMaHaM eflbi u caM noeaaeT OTnymeHHbix nm hhx 6wkob:
TaKOH caM pa3pymaeT cnjibi cBoero Tena h 3a sto ero cxBaTHT 3a Hory HeKoe
npecMbiKaiomeecfl (^t 'ttot sto *q<d^3 stm- mm^&- i m 3^ sra^sH^a F^i
rate: sprni: tebhjo godha ajatham karšadetad yo brahmanah
pratipiyantyannaih sima ukšno avasrštdnadanti svayarh balanitanvah srndnah)
(X.28. 11). OflHaKO b apyroM coo6m,enHH aaHHoro rHMHa to me caMoe
npecMbiKatomeeca xBaTaeT 3a Hory >Ka>Kflymero 6yHBOJia (Pw's^M&4t-d'*fi<iH i
nwi HFfi « *%^ niruddhascin ?nahišastaršydvdn godha tasmd -ayatham
karšadetat) (X.28.10). A 6yHBOJioM (my mahiia) b PB HMeHyeTca b nacTHOCTH
Fhochc (^ indra) (Hanp., X.54.4; X.128.8) h hmchho Oh HeceT SHeprrno
MHoroHHCJieHHbix GbiKOB (i^s m ^ 3^: indra bhartđ vajram puniksuh)
(X.74.5). TaK mto b HaiueM cjiyqae 6paxrnaHbi MoryT npocHTb Ero He OT6Hparb
aaHHbie Hm chjim h yKa3biBaK)T Ha to, hto sto MO>KeT HaHecTH EMy Bpe# u Ha
Hero Mow;eT HanacTb 3Mefi Becco3HaTejibHoro (w godha).

B onbflHeHHH Bbi>KaTbiM Hacna>KfleHHeM 6paxMaH C03/iaeT CHJiy pocTa

flJTH FHOCHCa H OH MOUIbK) 3HeprHH yHHHTO)KaeT B TeJieCHOM C03H3HHH 3Mea

- IipecMbiKaromeecfl Eecco3HaTejibHoro (araferct ^m^abodhajo ahim) (1. 103.7)

- c TeM, HTo6bi J110.HH BocneBajiH npHcymHH hm caMHM Cbct U,apcTBa Bora

(l^T ft flfa H 1 ^ 3W ^^ ^n, I ^#3 ^Mvll^CT "P^n ft: 5RTT arftlT^ FTO3^ itthđ hl

soma in made brahmd cakdra vardhanam savištha vajrinnojasd prthivyti
nih sasd ahimarcannanu svardjjam) (1.80.1). BpaxMaHbi THMHaMH

B03BejlHMHBaH3T H B3paiJTHBaK)T FHOCHC HJIK y6HMCTBa 3Mea BeCC03HaTCJIbHOrO

(mtm i^^^-dl 3^ar#M,3# S^ 3 brahmana indram mahayanto ' arkair
avardhajann ahaye hantavd «)(V.31.4).

Fhochc nepBbiM o6Hapy>KHJi KOpoB n,m 6paxMana (^ mč\ srni *tt 3#f^?^
yo brahmane prathamo ga avindat indro) (1.101.5); npH stom He cjieayeT
3a6biBaTb o tom, mto noji KoposaMK nonpa3yMeBafOTca BbinycKaeMbie Hm
jiyHHCTbie CiOBa HcTHHbi (n gj|g ^^i^^ktr h mm-- ^^ t$ m pra brahmaitu
sadandd rtasya vi rapmbhih sasrje suryo g4?)(V11.36.1);no3HaBiiiHHHcTHHy-
yMaBToprHMHa(n!W3ii^(t^fRi/đgra/7/jđ aham medhdrii rtasyd) yTBep>K,aaeT,
hto po>K/i,aeTCH 3aHOBO b cJiopMe CHHfomero FHocHca (m ^i^rn ?t4 aham ivdjam
surya) (VIII. 6. 10). BpaxMaHbi npH6jiH>KaK)TC>i k HeMy h nHKyroT BMecTe c
ropaMH Becco3HaTe/ibHoro h jiyqaMH CBeTa, Korjia Thockc co6npaeT
B036y>KneHHyT0 3KCTa30M chjt/ flJiH y6nHCTBa 3mch («it q^^a ^rfit^ ^ h^hh^

74

wi™w,™ ;R ^ A?R ^ đ - yad va]ram bdhvorindm dhme

l madacjutamahaje hantavd u pm parvatd anavanta P ra gdvah pm brahmana
dbhmakšanta mdram) (VIII.96.5). '

B PB onHCbiBaercfl npeObiBarotuHH b fljiHTejiBHOM MpaKe craptiH

opax M aH BflecjiTOM nepno^e CTaHOBsmHHcs kojischhhhm flBHwymHxca k

mHm;x{mm^^^^mw^im^w$v. dlrghatamd jumroan dašame

juge apamartham jatindm brahmđ bhavati sdrathih) (1.158 6)- no Hauieiuv

i MneHHK), flecsTbi« nepnoa M # <£**»* yu ge ) coothochtc* c fl ec flT bro

jyHHMMHMeomaMH(?OTiw^u« mdsya mu ^rn^dasa mdsan) fl yxoBHOH

bepeMeHHocra aBTopa rHMHa, b P e3yjibTa T e koto P oh poottc« HMeHveMM

Majib^HKOM (^ kumam) (V.78.7-9) Bon« Bora (afa agm) (V2 1 h 2) hjih

Thochc (f=3 «Brfr«r) (VIII.69.15); no fl bousmh *e (*^ a„* w )

, noflpa3y M eBaK)Tca Hs^naeMbie CseroM Oua ^mM.dyaus pitat) miune

i meprHH (m\ ^\ đ^o af TO ž n 3^ f^ đpo u/zVj«) (VII .49.1, 2, 3 h 4).

flajiee yraep>tmaeTcii, hto yMyapgHHwe 6pax M aHbi 3HaiOT neTbipe nac™

EtMeCTBeHHOH PeHH - H3 HHX T P H TaHHbie H6 nyCKaK)T B XOfl, B TO BpeMH K3K

Ha MeTBeproH roBopar HajiejieHHbie pa 3 yMOM cymecTBa (^m m^mrni m&
mi^n^^, i^mftfe.r^^gfM^^^^, M - n vdk nmtd
padam tani vidur brahmana ye manidnah guhd trim nihitd nengajanti
lunjam vaco manušyđ vadanti) (1.1 64.45). Hcnonb3ya rancre^ UJA nćoma

0-nCHXOKOCMOrpa(|)HHeCKOH npHpOfle CHMBOJIH3M3 HHCeJ! B PB Mbl MOTOM

noHHTb sto coo6me H He KaK y K a 3 aHHe Ha nerupe acneKia ncHX0K0CMa -
Hcnojib3yeMHH bccmh Ha^ejieHHbiMH MbimjieHHeM cymecTBa M H u
cocraB^iomHH cym H ocTb pa 3 yMa Thochc (m rta) h HSBecraoe to^ko
Myfl P MM 6pax M aHaM h CKpuBaeMoe hmh ot HenocBHmgHHhrc CosHaHHe
EnaKeHCTBa CymecTBOBaHH 51 (^fer.^ sat-cit-dnanda). Eme ooth cthx
noflTBep^aer, mo 6pax M aHti sbjijhotm SHaroKaMH 3THXTa HH bix H3Mepe H HH
- HMeHHo 6pax M a H a b hSm npHSbiBator n P HCJiyoiarbca k npoH3Hece H HOMv
ieTbipexporHM 6mkom hmchh »epTBeHHoro Macjia (^ m * mm wm i gt, ^
WW«^^% WWF „ ndm a pra bravama ghrtasja upa
brahma srnavac sasjamdnarn catuhsrngo avamld gaura etat) (IV.58.2);
ceKpeTHoe hm* nocjieflHero npeacTaBJiaeT coooh {vm =to *p ^sm ghrtasja
mmaguhjam jad asti) uej l o S yio B omy (affi^ urmir madhumdm) muk
Chji Cnera h cpe^oroMne EeccMep™* (i%M, V ;# : }l h va devdndm
mnasja ndbhih) (IV.58. 1); Hcronaei ero t P ohko cBH3aHHb.H He™ P exporHH
JByxrojioBbiH 6biK c rpeMfl HoraMH h ceMbro py K aMH - Bcjihkhh Cbct {^m
mm^^l^mitismitenišl^^ catvdn srngd trajo asya pada
ive srne sapta hastdso asya tndhd baddho vpahho maho devo) (IV.58 3) B
OTJiHHHe ot HarypaJiHCTHHecKHx HHTepnpeTaTopoB IlI.A.rxoui flaeTCBoe
HCTomoBaHMe 3Toro c.no>KHoro HHcppoBoro CHMBOJia - 4 e™ P e pora (^#

75

catuhsrrigo hjih^hr^p catvdri srrigd) 03HanaK)T nerbipe CBepxMejiOBeHecKnx
npHHUHna HcTHHHoro Co3HaTejibHoro Ejia>KeHHoro Ebiraa (m s^re^an^
na-sat-cit-dnanda), rpn ho™ (^ q^r trajo pđdd) - cocTaBjisnomHe
nejioBenecKoe cymecTBO Tejio (<jM prthivl), >KH3Hb (sram? antankša) h yivi (#
o^k), flBe ranoBbi (I ?M đfee jjrše) - Mo^ycbi JJ^iiih h ripupođbi, ceMb pyK
(sra 5rt# sapta hastdso) - Bce ceMb ypoBHeM ncHXOKOCMa (Hg.m,am^ m $s
^^m <#ft sat-cit-dnanda-rta-dyau-antarikša-prthivi), TpoficTBeHHbie nyTbi
(ftun a^r m<$w baddho) - HaKJia^biBaeMbie Ha HMMaHeHTHbiM HejioBeKy
BejiHKHH CBeT (»# ^t «đ£o c/euo) orpaHHHemiH MeHTajibHOH (# afy»a),
BHTa^bHofi (3R% antarikša) h (})H3HMecKOH (fM prthivl) o6ojioneK." H b
3tom onyHae 6pax\iaH HBnaeTca 3HaTOKOM ncHXHnecKOH aHaTOMHH HHflHBHna
H MHpa.

3to 3HaHHe noMoraeT 6pax\iaHaM b hx 6opb6e c Eecco3HaTejibHbiM 3a
CBeT cBoero ncHXHHecKoro cepjiua - TaK, 6paxiuaH c noMoujbio neTBepTOH-
MOJiHTBbi (jtfru 3ipaiT turlyena brahmana) hjih raocTHHecKOH mhcjih mx.onm
CKpbiToe TbMoro TafiHoe Chsjhhc (TgfpOTflT gulharii surjam tamasd) (V.40.6)
h ycTaHaBJiHBaeT Ero KaK CBeTOHocHoe oko (wht ^jtr i^ft ^aroi^ brahma
suryasya divi cakšur ddhđt) (V.40.8).

Tpya 6paxMaHa no caMocoBepmeHCTBOBaHHio yno,ao6jiHeTCfl naxoTe hjih
nepeB03Ke rpy30B b ynp»>KH - oh KaK 6bi Ha/jeBaeT Ha ce6a apivio (sppnt mm
W anucdno brahmana yukta) (VIII.58.1). J\m 40cra*:eHHH GBoeft uejiH
6paxMaH flOJiaceH nocTOaHHO neTb Bory (55 ^1^ 4H \ m-i vadan brahmdvadato
vanijdn) (X. 117 '.7).

BpaxMaHbi o6-beflHHHK)TC5i b coo6iu,ecTBa /a.py3eH h 3aHHMaroTca
coBiviecTHbiM caMonoacepTBOBaHHeM, bo BpeMH KOToporo cocpenoTaHHBaroT
CBoe MbiuiJieHHe Ha ncHXHnecKOM cepaue (m 'm, *m\ 3% q^5ipm: w*3wm<t :
brda taštešu manaso javešu yad brahmanah saniyajantesakhdyah); 3thmh
KOJineKTHBHbiMH MeflHTauHSMH pyKOBOflaT Han6ojiee cnoco6Hbie b mojthtbc
mhcthkh (3J3TT5 tf ft 3fi^nVi^§tm"i ft^g, rt atrđha tv&rii VI
jahurvedydbhirohabrahmano vicarantyu tve) (X.71.8). Bo BpeMJi arero
npouecca ohh nposBjiHtOT c noMoujbro jiio6bh caivioe jiymuee h
He3anaTHaHHoe Tamo CKpbiToe b hhx nepBoe Hanajio PeHH Bora h rm hhx
H3MeHaeTCH cnoco6 BocnpHHTHH MHpa - ohh flaroT HOBbie HMeHa BemaM hjih
onpeaejiHioT hx cymHoen> (n?m an^f ara ^%a ^^r^jhi: i q^j m ^sjmm^m ^m
nfej^ft-- prathamarn vam agratn yat prairata ndmadhejandadhandh yadešdm
sreštharii yadaripramdsUprend tadešdm nihitarii guhdvih) (X.71.1). B hhx
npoHBJiaeTCH jiyHuiee H30 Bcex CHHHHe CBeTa (mzšfoti&itis^sreštham jyotišdm
jyotir) (1. 1 13.1) - CBeTa hx ncHXHHecKoro cepflua (|čp? ?qira^ hrdaja jyotir)
(VI.9.6). HcnojiHeHHbie BHfleHHH, ohh nopo>KflaK)T Mbicjibio Penb (4ta ihai
an^TO dhlrd tuanasd vacamakrata) (X.7 1 .2). C noMombso caMonoacepTBOBaHHH

76

ohh i-wyT no Ee cjierjy u o6Hapy>KHBaroT Ee b ce6e (#* ^ ^mmm^m^i
^mm^jajnena vdcah padavlyamayan tdmanvavindann mšupravištam)
(X.71.3). PeMb oTflaeT hm Cboč Tejio i«k cTpacrnaa HapaflHaa weHa - iwy>Ky
{WHM m« <^ferat ^tott: w : w ?w to'«; ot 5đ.5re 7^3/ePđ patjausati
suvđsdh) (X.71.3). Tenepb 6paxMaHbi npoB03rjiauiaroT 3naHne Bemeft {m*m
tmm brdima vadati jatavidjarii) (X.7 '1.1 1).

PB co.aep}KHT acHoe h leTKoe onpeaeJienHe Toro, Koro cnenyeT cMHTaTb
6paxM3HOM. npe»cfle Bcero, He siBJisieTCfl 6paxMaHOM tot, kto He Bbixo/iHT sa
npeaeiibi cBoero orpamiHeHHoro cymecTBa h He npon sBOflHT cHMBOJiHMecKoro
P HTya;iacaMOBbi>KHMaHHH(^^^^^«^^ i n?™T ::i # ,? ™ 1; »»e ye wwm
n* parascaranti na brdhmandso na sutekarđsđh);Tamemow MoryT pacneBaTb
r-HMHbi, HO ohh nnoxo BJiafleioT Cjiobom Bora h noflo6nbi HeyMenwM TicanaM,
TKymHM no yTKy HeroflHyio Tpanio/ h He ocosHaiomHM stoto (a <$ ?rm¥®
qiWRRTra^čP^aw^R: to ete vdcamabhipadya pdpaja siristantram tanvate
aprajajnajab) (X.71.9). TojibKO Toro HasbiBaroT npoBH/jueM h 6pax M aH0M,
wepTByromHM, hokhuhm xBa:ie6Hbie raMHbi u npon3HOcsimHM mojihtbm, kto
3H aeT Tpn CBepKaiomHX Tena Co3Hareju>Horo BjiaaceHHoro CymecTBOBaHHH
fraJH*^ sat-at-đnanda) h kto nepBbiM aocrar ycnexa b ooHapy>KeHHH
THOCHca '(afc <m ag wpt<wM "R««- ' « ^^ ^ ^ ™ ,:wi * 1MW '
tameva ršim tamu brabmdnam dhur yajnanya?ii samagdm ukthasasam sa
sukrasya tanvo veda tisro yah prathamo dakšinaya rarddha) (X.107 .6). 12 B
oahom CTHxe ot HMeHH EoacecTBeHHOH PeHH (*\ vdc) yTBep«flaeTca, hto
OHa aejiaeT CBoero B03JiK)6jieHHoro HcnoJiHeHHbiM chjibi h coBepuieHHoro
pa3yMa npoBHjiueM h 6paxiuaH0M (1 W> č» a^t W® ^afn t *H * ^F
fcžmtfj« tom tom Mgram kmomi tam brahmanom taril ršim tarii sumedhdm)

(X.125.5).

TeMa cBJimeHHoro 6paKa HcnojiHeHHoro GioBa ne/iOBeKa {m^brahman)
h Diaca Bolero (sn. o«) npopa6aTbiBaeTCfl b HCTOHHHKe aocTaTOHHO
noapo6HO. B nepByio onepeflb cjieayeT yKa3aTb Ha coo6meHHH o >KeHe
6pax M aHa Orararaf brahmajdydm) (X. 109.2, 3, 4, 6 h 7) h oflHOBpeMeHHO >Ke H e
HMMaHeHTHoro eiwy TocnoflHHa Mojihtbh (^wmww^WTO= jdydmanvavmdad
brhaspatih) (X. 109.5) - TaK Ha3biBaeTca acepTBeHHbiH febiK hjih PeMb (li
juhvam) (X.109.5). Ee yB0flsiT hjih noxHmaioT h noTOM B03BpamaK>THa3a,n
pa3yMHbie h cBeTOHOcHbie h nopo>KAaiomHe HcraHy Uapn CBe-ra (g^t^r m<
-^s^-m ot i um-. ^ ^hi mzm punarvai deva adaduh punarmanušya uta
rdjdnah satydm kmvdna brahmajdyđm) (X. 109.6). Eocno W H Mojihtom
HaxonHT noxnmeHHyK) Hacna>KAeHHeM ot oGmeHHa c EoroM cboko weHy hjih
Penb c noMombio HeJioBeKa, KOTopbiH fleHCTByeT KaK cjieflyromHH nyTH
6paxiwaHa h b pe3yjibTaTe 3Toro CTaHOBHTca HHCTpyMeHTOM hjih HJieHOMjejia
Chjiu CBeTa OtSRtf ^i% m^.m-- « ^wi n^+m i ^ ^wm^w-«.W^ : ^ *"

77

brahmacdrl carati vevišad viiah sa devanam bhavatjekamanganr tena
jdjdmanvavindad brhaspatih somena nttdm) (X.109.5). Bosmokho^to c
3thm cK»KeTOM CBH33H0 h coo6meHne o »eHlUHHe, Koropa* CTana 6paXMaHOM
<$%mv$mttrt hi brahma babhuvitha) (Vm.33.19). Te M a cBameHHoro
6pa K a 6paxMaHa paccMaTpMBaeTca b HdOHHHKe h b apyroM acneicre - b stom
cjiyiae ero B03Jito6jieHHOH OKasbiBaeTca cHfliouiaa cnua THOCKica {w surya%
V KOTOpOH OH CTaHOBHTCfl HeTBepTblM MjraceM nocjie noonepeflHOH J1K)60BH0H
CB33H c Bjia>KeHCTBOM, TocnoflHHOM MHO)KecTBayflOBOJibCTBHii h BoJieH Eora
(*to w* m. Wi wfe ™ i #*» *™$ Wt^ ng^sn« II HW ^WTO w« ^
1 w« ¥R soma/; prathamo vivide gandharvo vivida uttarah trtiyo
a?mi te patisturlyaste manušjajah somo dadad gandharvdja gandharvo
dadadagnaje adddagnirmahyamatho imam) (X.85.40-41) ; EpaxMaHb.
noHCTHHe 3HaroT ABa Koneca hjih <})opMbi SHeprHH THOCHca (i5^5pw^
% dve te cakre surve brahmana nutka viduh) - 3flecb coflepacHTCs y K a3aHne
H a Ero cbHSHHecKoe h MeHTajibHoe Tena, nocKOJibKy hmchho ohh MoryT
onHCbieaihCJi KaK BpamaeMb.e Hm KOJieca (* W <fim ^i*«.^ wH
*zmyo akšeneva caknja saclbhir visvak tastambha prthivvm uta dyam
(X 89 4) hb#t# to** %^^%p™ sa suryah parjuru varamsyend.ro
vavrtjdd rathyevacakrđ) (X.89.2)) - h tojibko caMH Myflpb ie 3H aioT Ero
CKpbiToe KOJieco hjih cynpaMeHTajibHoe Teno (a*^ *KWS *&m H** 1
athaikamcakrarii yad guba tadaddhataya id viduh) (X.85.16). CHJiKMUaa
3H eprna THocuca npoHHKaeT b 6paxMaH0B KaK aceHa b Myaca h ohh npocflT
Ee HaaejiHTb hx oco6hm o fl eaHHe M us CBeta (m & *m ^ ft ™ ^ ' ^
feraTO^^ra </e/» sdmuljam brahmabhyo vi bhaja vašu jaya visate patim)
(X 85 16). OflHaKO He KaacflbiH HeJioBeK MO>KeT BbiflepacaTb KOHTaKT c
o6ojio4Koh CseTa - oh Hcnbuaei BecbMa 6ojie3HeHHbie omymeHna
npHKocHOBeHH« k HeMy-TO rpy6oMy, KomoHe M y h ocT P o M y h orroprHeT sto
KaKafl(^^^OT^ra^.ft^l^w trttametat katukametadapaithavad vuavan
naitadattave); no3TO M y TOJibKO sHaromHH CHJiy THOCHca 6paxMaH cmojkct
oeneMbcaBaToepaHHoeoflejiHHeM^^^J^a^^^sfirjMm yo bramna
vidydt sa id vddhuyamarhati) (X.85.34). CHJia THoenca npeflCTaei
HejioBeMecKOMy BoenpHararo b pa3JiHHHHx 4>opMax u TOJibKO 6paxM3H
cnoco6e H oMHCTHTb Ee ot HacjioeHHH nocpe fl cTBOM orceieHHfl Bcero jiHuiHero
^^^^ w ^ g g^^,^ :q5 ^^^^ a ^TO dsasanarii visasanamatbo
adhivikartanam surydyah pasyarilpđm tani brahma tu sundhati)(X.S535).
npeflJio>KeHHaa H a M n Bbiuje HHTepnperamui SHaMeHHToro c B aAe6 H oro rHMHa
a6cojiK)THO npoTHBonojio*Ha npejuiaraeMOH npeflCTaBHTejmMH
H aTypajiHCTHMecKOH uikojim repMeHeBTHKH; xaK, T.^.EiiHsapeHKOBa nuojm
B hSm onHcaHHe npaKTHKOBaBiueHCH y HHfloapneB 6paMHOH uepeMOHHH h b
cboSm TonKOBaHHH 3 acTaBJi5ieT 6pax M aHOB TpeGoBaib y HOBoSpaMHOH noćne

78

■

nepBofi hohh OTflaTb hm HcnaHKaHHyro BbiaeneamMH py6aujKy c Teivi, 4to6h
ohh ee BHCTHpajiH m GcraBiiJiH ce6e; mm He mojkcm npe^cTaBHTb ce6e. mto

TaKOe MOrJIO npOHCXOJlHTb B fleHCTBHTejlbHOCTH.

Ot MHCTHHecKoro coK)3a 6paxMana h PeMH (qn\ vdc) hjih Chhhhh (qjfr
«ryđ) Bora po>KflaeTca h bo BpeMfl /ryxoBHbix no6y>KjreHHH HanHHaeT neTb
cbok) necHro cbm hjih nraua (^ stippf m £H% ?iWH ja&««e brahmaputra iva
avanešu samsasi) (II. 43. 2) - wyaecHoe ahta hjih 30JioTaa orana (f?rg >?wra
ferosifR jw«wi panipnatam biranyayam sakunam) (IX.85.11) flyuiH, no
OTOKflecTBJieHHH c KOTopoH aBTOpbi thmhob B3JieTaK)T 3a npe.ae.Jibi
pacKajieHHoroCBeTa(^čw=aTO^i'R:.5riRT^qTqw ghrna tapantamati surjam
parah sakuna iva paptima) (IX. 107.-20).

y>Ke b PB Mbi BCTpeHaervi yKa3aHHa HacouHanbHbiH aBTopHTCT 6paxMaH0B,
o6meHHe c KOTopbiMH CHHTaeTCK ueHHbiM (a?jnrmi'§ brahmanamarhase)

(X.77.1). B C03JWHHOM HMH HeTbipeXBapHOBOM peJlHrH03HO-MHCTHHeCKOM

cobSmecTBe ohh paccMaTpHBaroTca KaKYcTa Eora (mw zm^m^bralmiano
asya mukhamđsld) (X.90.12).

npe/ajiojKeHHbiH HaMH Bbime aHaxiH3 okojio 70 cjiyHaeB ynoMHHaHHJi
6paxManoB b PB no3BOJiaeT cocTaBHTb .aocTaTOHHO neiKoe npe/acTaBJieHHe
06 3toh couHajibHOH rpynne h ,aaTb 0flH03HaHHbiH oTBeT npHpo/je BapHOBoro
daTyca 6paxMaHa. B flpeBHefiujHH nepnoa. HCTopHH Be/iHMecKoro o'SmecTBa
6paxMaHbi npejicTaBJisjiH co6oh bmcluhh pa3p?i j\ b HeTbipexqacTHOH /jjtcobhoh

MHCTepHaJIbHOH 06lHHHe HHflOapHeB H nOJlb30BaJIHCb B Hefi aBTOpHTeTOM.

BpaxMaHaMH HMeHOBajincb c03.aaTe.fiH h noc.ne.aoBaTe.nn ray6oKo pa3BHToro
MHCTHHecKoro yneHHK, ocHOBHbie nojiOHceHHH Koroporo hmh oSjieicajiHCb b
uejiHX oxpaHeHHJi cBameHHoro 3HaHHH ot HenocB5imeHHbix b (popMbi
o6menpHH3Tbix b hx couHajibHOH cpeae pHTyajioB noKJiOHeHHa cHJiatvi
npHpoflbi h o6o3HanaiomHM hx o6o6meHHbiM noHflTHfliu nocpe/jCTBOM
npHHeceHHfl >KepTB CBfliueHHOMy oraio u SKCTparnpoBaHHJi h ynoTpe6;ieHHH
ncHxoaKTHBHoro Beme'cTBa. EpaxMaHaMH mohih CHHTaTbca TOJibKO Te

MHCTHKH, KOTOpbie B pe3yjlbTaTe aCKeTHMeCKOH npaKTHKH H flOCTHKeHHJI

onpeaejieHHbix ncHXOJioraHecKHx coctohhhh cTaHOBHJincb BonjiomeHHJiMH
Eo>KecTBeHHoro OiOBa h CBcra h 3HaTOKaMH ncHXHHecKOH aHaTOMHH
4ejioBeKa h MHpa. Ohh pesKO OTMeaceBbiBajiHCb ot yno/j,o6jiaBiiiHXC5i hm

pHTyajlHCTOB, KOTOpbie 6e3 3HaHHJI COKpOBeHHOPO h no/j,JiHHHoro

CHMBOJiHMecKoro CMbicjia JKepTBonpHHomeHHH saHHMajiHCb ero rpy6biM

BHeiDHHM BOCnpOH3BefleHHeM H peUHTaUHe-H THMHOB H B CHJiy STOTO

npeTeHflOBaJiH Ha CTaryc h nojioaceHHe 6paxMaHOB. B co3iraHHOH hmh jtuji
pacnpocTpaHeHHa CBoero MHpoB033peHHa h o6pa3a>KH3HH BapHOBOH o6ui,HHe
6paxMaHbi Hapaiiy c npoBeaeHHeM 3K30TepH l iecKHx h 330TepHHecKiix
pHTyajibHbix uepeiviOHHH motjih ocymecTBJMTb h apynie dpyHKUHH, b

79

HaCTHOCTH npOH3BOflCTBeHHyfO B BHfle 3eMJiefleJIHa H CKOTOBOflCTBa H BOeHHO-

aflMHHHCTpaTHBHyro KaK flyxoBHbie BoeHHbie bojkak hjih uapH BOHHCKoro
pa3pn/ia. npHpona BapHOBoro CTaTyca flpeBHeKuiero Be^HMecKoro 6paxM3Ha
no cyTH cBoeK coitHajibHO-ncnxojiornHecKaa, a He pejiHrH03HO-
pHTyajincTHHecKaa jih6o HMymecTBeHHO-3KOHOMnnecKafl u BaacHbiM mnneTcz

TOT (j)aKT, HTO OHa He nOflBep>KeHa KaKHM-ilH6o BHeUUHHM B03#eHCTBH51M H He

H3MeHHeTC5i nojx AaBJieHHeM dpaicropoB HencnxojiorHHecKoro nopa/tKa. 3to
noflTBep>KflaeTca npoH3Be.aeHHbiM HaMH aHajiH30M BapHOBoro cxaTyca

6paXMaHa no flaHHblM HpeBHeHH,HHHCKHX OpTOflOKCaJIbHbIX H aHTHMHbIX

hctohhhkob nepHcaa nocneflHHx bckob ao h.3. - nepBbix BeKOB h.3. 13
BapHOBaa cTpyKTypa o6mecTBa H3MeHHJiacb no co6cTBeHHbiM
ncnxojiorHHecKHM 3aKOHaM nepexo.ua ot chmbojihhcckoh k THnimecKOH
CTaAHH CBoero cymecTB0BaHH3 h tojibko stot (j)aKTop cnoco6cTBOBaji
H3MeHeHHK) rJpopMbi, ho He cymHOCTH BapHOBoro cTaTyca 6pax.MaHa
MaypHHCKO-rynTCKOH 3noxn no cpaBHeHHK) c bcahmckoh 3noxoH. BpaxMaHbi

PB flBJIJHOTCa CHMBOJlHCTaMH H MHCTHKaMH, 6paXMaHbI 3nHHeCKMX n03M H

peryjiaTHBHbix koacrcob - oTKpbuo H3naraiomHMH h mStko
4)opMyj]HpyTOinHMH cboh yqeHHa MbicjiHTejiHMH, ho u Te, h ApyrHe OCTatOTCa

npocBeraeHHbiMH HOCHTejisMH Petu Bora.

1 3jieicrpoHHoe H3jiaHHe Ha KOMnaKmoM flHCKe: Rig Veda. A phonetic transliteration by
J.R.Gardner,UniversityofIowa. 1998 // http://www.PHILOSOPHY.ru/libraiy/asiatica/indica/
sruti/ rgs. riepeBOflbi: PHPBeaa. MaHjiajibi i-IV. Mauna™ V-V1II. Maanajibi 1X-X. nep.
T.>l.EjiH3apeHK0B0M. M., 1989, 1995, 1999; PnrBe.ua. H30paHHbie i-hmhm. nep.
T.51.EjiH3apeHKOBOM. M., 1972; Original Sanskrit texts on the origin and histoi-y of the people
of lndia, their religion and institutions. Collected, translated and illustrated by J.Muir. Vol. 111-
V. London, 1861, 1863, 1870; Rig-Veda Sanhita. The sacred hymns of the brahmans translated
and explained by F.Max Muller. Vol. 1. Hymns to the Maruts or the storm-gods. London, 186.9;
The hymns of the Rigveda translated with a popular commentary by R.T.H.Griffith. Third edition.
Vol. HI. Benares, 1920 and 1 926; Hymns to Indra by the Vasishthas (RV.V1I. 19-32) translated
into English and briefly annotated by H.D.Velankar; Hymns to hidra in Mandala Vili (Nos. 76-
78; 80-82; 88-93; 95-100) by H.D.Velankar// Journal of the University of Bombay. Vol. XIII.
September 1944. Part 2. P. 16-25; Vol. XVI. September 1947. Part 2. P. 1-18. HcTojiKOBaHHij:

MHJlJiep B.<I>. OMepKH apHHCKOH MH(j)OJIOrHH B CBH3H C apeBHeflLUeH KyjlbTypOH. T. I. AuiBMHbl-

flnocKypb[. M., 1 876; OBCiiHHKO-Ky.TiHKOBCKHH /4.H. K hctophh KVJibTaorHa y HHaycoB b 3noxy
Bea. Oaecca, 1887; OrnoenHH B.JI. dpyKTypa MM([)OJiorMHecKHx tckctob «PHrBezu>i»
(BeuMHCKM KOCMoroHHfl). M.. 1968; Tilak S.L. The Arctic Home in the Vedas // Tilak S.L.
Collected Works. Vol. II. Poona, 1975; Txoui 11I.A. HenoBe^ecKi-iH Hhkji. Ka3aHb, 1992: ero
*e: Co6paHHe coHMHeHHH. T. VIII. Ociiobm hhahhckoh Kyjibiypbi. Cn6, 1998; EmoapemcoBa

T.5I. 5I3HK H CTHJTb BeAHHCKHX pHUlH. M., 1993; TpUHHep n.A. TaHHbIH H3HK «PHrBeubi» //

Prry. %eHHH no HCTopMH n TeopHH i<yjibTypbi. Bbin. XXII. M., 1998; TpriHirep H.n., rpmmep
n.A. CTaHOB.ieHHe nHTepaTypHofi xeopnn b flpeBnefi FpeuHH n Hhhhh. M., 2000: Haat F.

80

[penecKaa mh^ofm h no3THKa. Ilep. c anrn. PpuHuepa HJ1. M„ 2002. CfloaapH: Monier-
Willia m sM.ASa J1 sknt-EnglishDictionai7.Delhi,1997-.KoHeprHHaB.A.CaHCK P HT C KO-pyccKH H

cioBapb. M., 1996.

■■ CeMeHenKo A A HimpnperaiUM pejinrno3Hofi chckmu muoapKB ApeBHeBenmecKoro
nepHoaa Onoxa cocTaBJ,eHHa PnreeMcaMXimi) // ViBnue 3annc™ KOJmeroca «Homoo> Uajiee
V3KI I) B«n I. Bopoh«k. 1 999. C. 57-61; ero *e: OcHOBHbie noajcoflb. k re p«H«™«TO*ra
PHrBenacaMKMTb, // BecranK H ay.HHofi ceccnii BIT. Bb,n. IV. Bo P ohok, 2002 C. 62-63.

> Sri Aurobindo. The Secret of the Veda. Pondicherry, 1993 Uuuiee SASV); CeMeHeHKO
A A HHrcpnpeTauMfl.C. 61-66; ero >Ke:OcHOBHi,ie.

; SASV. P 40- CeivieHeHKO A.A. O npnpone fl peBHeBeflHMecKi« «>KpeuoB» (no mhhum
caMXHT Purseflu, Ha^vpBem h ArNapsaBenb,) // V3KH. Bb.n. 11. BopoHBK, 2000. C. 114-

121 D

> CeMeHeHKO A.A. O npiipoae fl peBHeBea.«ecKoro pa^n (no ashhum caMxnx Vrnaam,
CaMaBMH h Hajwy P Ber l b l ) // V3KH. Bbin. 111. BopoHe*, 2001. C. 26-37.

'' B3iueM A. 4yflo, KOiopbiM 6wjia Hh/mh. M., 1977. C. 149 h 258.

7 SASV. P. 259, 306 and 160.

« BoHrapa-JleBHH T.U., rpaHTOBCKHfl 3.A. Ot Ckh*hh no Hhahu. flpeBHHe aptur. MH(|)b,
hhctophhM 1983 C 113-120; MaKKeHHaT. riHma6oroB. IIohck nepeoHaManbuoro npesa
nosnaHM«; Pa^HKaiibHM hcto P h« pacTCHHfi, ncHxoaKT H BHb,x BemeciB h MejiOBenecKOH
3BOJ..OUHH. nep. Cepranesa P.K. M.. 1995. C. 137-163; EjumpeHKOBa O. O co M e b PHreeae
// PHrBeaa. Mmjxanu IX-X. C. 323-353.

» SASV. P. 249.

111 Hanb T. rpenecKaa MHCpOJiorna u nosima. C. 141 u 199. Upnivi. 16.

" SASV. P. 296-297.

» O 3HaMeHHH repMma ^ ^««« cm.: CeMeHeHKO A.A. TepMeHeBTMKa TCKcra

PnrBeflacaMXHTbi Jl.BJ.THJiaKa. BopoHe«, 2002.

13 CeMeHeHKO A.A. AHTHMHbie aBTopbi h fl peBHeMHflHHCKne optoaoKcajibHbie hctohhhkm

i o np H po fl e BapHOBoro CTaiyca 6pax M aHa // Hopm«. Bb.n. 111. BopoHe*, 1999. C. 212-229.

CBe^eHHH 06 aBTopax.

AmMapoB Hropb AjaaTOJibeBHH — acnnpaHT, npen. KOJijie^JKa

"Homoc".

BepejKHaH HpHHa OegopoBna — K.n.H., aoncuT.

BorHTOB 3jiyapp; HHKOJiaeBira — acnnpaHT, npen. ROJiJieftiKa

"Homoc"

BopHCOB BHKTOp BopHCOBHH — K.3.H., 3,OU,eHT.

By6HOB K)pnn AjieKcaH3;poBHH — K.<p.H., aoi^eHT.

FoHHapoB Bjia^HMHp AjieKcaHapoBHH — acniipaHT, npen.

KOJoeftSKa "Homoc".

3aivraajioB JjMHTpnft BjiaflHJieHOBHH — acnnpanT.

3axapoBa EjieHa K)pbeBHa — k.h.h., Aonem-.

KojiecHHKOBa nojitraa BjiaaHMHpoBHa — npen. KOjuieipKa

"Homoc"

KopHneHKO TaTtaHa BjiaiTHMHpoBHa — k.h.h., sohcht.

noHOMapeBaEjieHa HBaHOBHa — acniipaHT.

Phchh Hropt E(J)hmobhh — A.3.H., npocpeccop.

CeMeHeHKO AjieKcaHjip AHjipeeBHH — acnnpaHT, npen.

KOJiJiea>Ka "Homoc".

CTapoBOHTOB AHapeii AjieKcaHjTpoBira — cjieftOBaTejib OT/jeJia

MB r ^ npn KDBJKA-

CbicoeBa EjieHa <I>e,n,opoBHa — K.3.H., aoneHT.

TpeineBCKaa HHHa K)pbeBHa — acnnpaHT.

Tpem,eBCKHH K)pHft HropeBim — 3,.3.h., npocpeccop.

Typ6nH neTp ApKa^beBira — acnnpaHT, npen. KOjmeA*a

"Homoc".

XapHeHKO IOjihh BHKTopoBHa — acnnpaHT, npen. KOJiJieflJKa

"Homoc".

XaTyaeBa Bhktophh Bjiap,HMHpoBHa — k.io.h.,

ct. npenoaaBaTejib.

HepHbix EjieHa HHKOJiaeBHa — acnnpaHT, npen. KOJiJie,n,>Ka

"Homoc".

176

C0AEP5KAHHE

KoP °Tc T M O P T 0TH "i H n O C OMH 4

B Pocchh: nepsbie maru * 38

nep^a ^ ^ R K^^pHO-HAeoa^ecOT KOMncmeHTB

KoJieCHHKOBa ll-D. mac j t -tu

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n E A A ' " nn „. HTaIIHB coBpeMeHHoro
BepejKH«, H.O.UeHHOcTHHe opaeHTap 9 g

t-eaa B^Upou^a^a -"■*» ^.TS

paaBHTM KHcrHTjrroB pHfflca

AnmapoB
T pyaa b

H.A. HanpaBaeHHH p«»»»» - m

PoccHftcKofi cpeAepaHHH.

177

HayiHoe mjiosme
yneHMe sanucKH

BhinjcK IV

KoMiiMorepnaH BepcTKa: KoJiecifflKOB A.M.
TexioiMecKMH peftaKTop: Kojkjchhkob A.M.

JIP X Q 065010 ot 18.02. 97. °^^^%^
Tupa« 500 3K3. HsAaTejiBCTBO «HOMOU 3910UU,
BoponeJK, ya. HaTiiimKoro, «. 67, Ten. 71-35-db.

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