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A HANDBOOK OF 

GERMANIC 

ETYMOLOGY 



Vladimír Orel 



A HANDBOOK OF GERMANIG ETYMOLOGY 



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A HANDBOOK OF 

GERMANIG 

ETYMOLOGY 



BY 



VLADIMÍR OREL 










'68^ 



A. 



BRILL 
LEIDEN • BOSTON 

2003 



This book is printed on acid-free páper. 



ISBN 90 04 12875 1 

© Copyright 2003 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The JVetherlands 

AU rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored 

in a retrieval systém, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, 

mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written 

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Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suitě 910 

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Fees are subjeet to change. 

PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANTJS 



For Miriam, Elizabeth and Ira, to hear the unspoken mord. 



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If the lost word is lost, if the spent word is spent 

If the unheard, unspoken 

Word is unspoken, unheard; 

Still is the unspoken word, the Word unheard, 

The Word without a word, the Word within 

The world and for the world; 

And the light shone in darkness and 

Against the Word the unstilled world still whirled 

About the center of the silent Word. 

T.S. Eliot 



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CONTENTS 



Preface xi 

List of references xv 

Abbreviations xxxvii 

Dictionary 1 

Indie es 

Germanic languages 477 

Oťher Indo-European languages 629 

Non-Indo-European languages 683 



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PREFACE 



The objective of this work is to present a reasonably full (but certainly not 
exhaustive) collection of Proto-Germanic lexemes with their reconstruc- 
tions, their reřlections in main branches of Germanic and, whenever 
possible, with plausible etymologies and etymological references (the latter 
include main etymological dictionaries as well as articles and notes). As it 
sometimes happens in other fields of knowledge, for the last fifty or sixty 
years linguists háve operated imder the misleading impression that Ger- 
manic etymology does not leave us much more than minor issues to deal 
with and that the main bulk of relevant problems in this field has been 
solved. I do not believe this view to be true and this book is to prepare 
grounds for a future serious revision of the etymologies (mainly, root ety- 
mologies) automatically accepted today and sanctified more by hábit than 
by reason. 

The dictionary includes the following categories of (Proto-)Germanic 
words: 

(a) words attested in two or three branches of Germanic; 

(b) words attested in only one Germanic branch but having precise exter- 
nal cognates or being sources of wider attested Germanic derivatives; 

(c) words attested in only one Germanic branch but representing ancient 
loanwords that might háve penetrated Germanic at the Proto- 
Germanic level. 

Clearly, with words of categories (b) and (c), the writer depends on ety- 
mological solutions and, therefore, on scholarly preferences and tastes to 
a greater extent than with words of category (a). That has certainly 
influenced the choice of certain entries. In some cases, entries were added 
even when the word represented an innovation in one branch but its dis- 
cussion and analysis in the etymological literatuře indicated otherwise and 
the entry could be of some interest for the study of Proto-Germanic. 

The dictionary only deals with full lexical parallels in Germanic and the 
resulting reconstructions are words (sometimes with their morphological 
variants), not morphemes. Internal Germanic cognates are represented by 
the oldest attested forms from each branch involved in a given compari- 
son. Thus, High German is represented by an Old High German form 
unless such has not been registered. In the latter čase, High German will 
be represented by Middle High German or modem German, and so on. 
Normally, an entry will include Gothic (or other East Germanic dialects, 



XII PREFACE 

usually in reconstruction), Old Norse (or other Old Scandinavian), Old 
English, Old Frisian, Old Saxon and Old High German forms. 

The Proto-Germanic phonological reconstruction ušed in the Dictionary 
is fairly traditional. No attempt has been made to solve the problém of the 
(lack of) opposition between Gmc short *e and *i (even though the present 
writer believes the reconstruction of one phoneme would be appropriate): 
in most words with established etymology or related forms with different 
ablaut grades, the choice between *e and *i raises no doubts. In more 
difficult (and rarer) cases, the reconstruction of *e or *i is close to arbitrary. 
The samé applies to some instances when there was no way to distinguish 
between jf and *t or *p and *d on the reconstruction level. One can only 
hope that the further progress of Germanic etymology will allow to 
improve such reconstructions. Otherwise, the phonological inventory of 
Proto-Germanic and the alphabetic order ušed in the dictionary are estab- 
lished as follows: a i i e ě (and « 2 )/j xiíjklmnoprstpuúw. 

Transliterations chosen for individual Germanic languages could not be 
entirely consistent throughout the book. However, an attempt has been 
made to reach a certain level of standardization (which includes, among 
other conventions, the omission of traditional post-word asterisks in 
Gothic). At the samé time, I made it a point to retům to the main lexico- 
graphic sources for most of the involved Germanic languages (and occa- 
sionally, to texts), with the unfortunate exception of Low German, in order 
to verify morphological features and meanings of the forms compared. 
This process took considerable time and some effbrts and was particularly 
painful in determining meanings and expressing them in English. It is well- 
known how misleading translations of translations of translations can be — 
I did my best to control them and to replace them with originally coined 
English glosses whenever possible (that applied primarily to Gothic, Old 
Norse and Old English). Numerous ghost-words and ghost-meanings 
appearing in linguistic publications (not only on Germanic but on other 
Indo-European dialects as well) were pitilessly eliminated. I realize, how- 
ever, that some of those unfortunately remained undetected. 

The semantic reconstruction of the Proto-Germanic words was not even 
attempted: too many complications and arguments would háve followed 
the decision to ascribe meanings to Proto-Germanic words. This exercise 
is therefore left to the reader, not without some reliéf on my part. 

Certain constraints (pardy dictated by external factors, pardy following 
the linguistic views of the author) háve been imposed to filter out several 
groups of words. Primarily, that applies to prefixal verbs and nouns that 
háve not been included as separate entries even in (numerous) cases when 
a prefix is attested in all compared forms. Whenever the prefix can be pro- 
jected into the Indo-European prehistory of Germanic, this — rather infre- 



PREFACE XIII 

quent — fact is noted in the corresponding unprefixed entry. It was also 
decided not to include Germanic proper names, toponyms and ethnonyms 
as separate units. Proper names, however, appear in quite a few entries 
whenever they form parallels to appellative nouns in other Germanic lan- 
guages. Loanwords to Proto-Germanic háve been included; however, the 
status of Latin loanwords proved to be problematic. As a result, the dic- 
tionary covers only such Latin elements as may be given the credit of 
doubt of being quite old and not obtained by different Germanic dialects 
separately or through chain-borrowings. 

Clearly, some of the Proto-Germanic morphological reconstructions of 
entries are, to a great extent, idealized. In certain cases, for example in 
nouns, when certain fluctuations of gender appeared to be of regular 
nature, a deeper reconstruction was offered without additional comments. 
Some other reconstructions, for example, those of root stems, are undoubt- 
edly rather arbitrary too. The samé accounts for the reconstruction of 
stem vowels in compounds and for the way in which adverbial forms are 
presented. 

I owe my gratitude to several colleagues of mine: my teachers Leonid 
A. Gindin and Vladimir A. Dybo whose interest and encouragement were 
always of great importance, Oleg N. Trubachev and Zhanna Zh. Varbot 
whose insights of etymology inspired me, Olga A. Smirnitskaia who was 
my hrst teacher of Gothic and Old Norse. I feel greatly indebted to George 
Durman and Grigory Zubakov for their practical help with the retrieval of 
some etymological sources. 1 

Several institutions provided me with their assistance, in particular, the 
libraries of McMaster University, Princeton University, Hebrew University 
in Jerusalem, Tel-Aviv University and Bar-Ilan University. 

Finally, I must thank those whose unspoken word keeps me alive. 

Vladimir Orel 

Princeton — Calgary 
March 29, 2003 



1 Most of my bibliographic inquiries were successful, with the exception of the recent 
work published in the Ukraine: V. V. Levitskii "Etimologicheskii slovar' germanskikh 
iazykov", I— II, Chernovtsy: Ruta, 2000 of which I could only obtain some information from 
the review of Makovskii VJa XLVIII/5 124-130. 



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Watkins IER - Watkins, Calvert (ed.). The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. 

Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1985. 
\VF - JVestfálische Forschungen. Mtinster, 1938—. 

JVGE - Current trends in JVest Germanic etymological lexicography. Leiden: Brill, 1993. 
Wtessner TuB - Wiessner, Hermann. Twing und Bann. Eine Studie uber Herkunft, I Vesen und 

JVandlung der ^wing- und Bannrechte. Baden: R.M. Rohrer, 1935. 
Wissmann AWNP - Wissmann, Wilhelm. Die altnordischen und westgermanischen Nomina postver- 

balia. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1975. 
Wissmann Buche - Wissmann, Wilhelm. Der JVame der Buche. Berlin: Akademie- Verlag, 1952. 



XXXVI REFERENCES 



Wissmann jVP - Wissmann, Wilhelm. Momina Postverbalia in den altgermanischen Sprachen. Got- 

tingen: Vandenhoeck & Rupert, 1932. 
Wissmann Postv. - Wissmann, Wilhelm. Die aítesten Postverbalia des Germanischen. Gottingen: 

Hubert, 1938. 
Wood Postcons. - Wood, Francis A. Postconsonantal w in Indo-European. Philadelphia: Lin- 

guistic Society of America, 1926. 
Word- Word. New York, 1945- 
Wortschatz, - Studien zum indogermanischen Wortschatz. Hrsg. von W. Meid. Innsbruck: Institut 

fiir Sprachwissenschaft, 1987. 
Wrede Ostg. - Wrede, Ferdinand. Uber die Sprache der Ostgoten in Italien. StraBburg, 1891. 
WuS - Worter mi Sadům, Heidelberg, 1909-1937 [Neue Folge: 1938-1944]. 
I VuSBez- - I Viřrter und Sachen im Lichte der Bezeichnungsforschung. Berlin-New York: de Gruyter, 

1981. 
Wůst - Wůst, Walther. lig. *peleku- Axt, BeiV. Eine palao-linguistische Studie. Helsinki: 

Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian Toimituksia, 1956. 
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]V^UG - Wssenschaftliche ^eitschtrift der Ernst-Moriz-Arndt-Universitát Greifswald. Greifswald, 

1951- 
Xenia - Xenia Lideniana. Festskrif tillagnad Prqf. Evald Lidén. Stockholm: PA. Norstedt & soners 

fórlag, 1912. 
Zalizniak - Zalizniak, Andrei A. Materiály dlia izucheniia motfologicheskoi struktury drev- 

negermanskikh sushchestvitďnykh I II = Etim. 124-160, Etim. 1964 160-235. 
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?DK - ^eitschrift fůr Deutschkunde. Leipzig-Berlin, 1887—. 
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ABBREVIATIONS 



Languages 



Alb - Albanian 

Arm - Armenian 

Av - Avestan 

Balt - Baltic 

Bret - Breton 

Burg - Burgundian 

Chův - Chuvash 

Crim. Goth - Crimean Gothic 

Dor - Doric 

Du - Dutch 

E - English 

EGmc - East Germanic 

ELith - East Lithuanian 

Ethio-Sem - Ethio-Semitic 

Etr - Etruscan 

Finn - Finnish 

Flem - Flemish 

Fr - French 

G - German 

Gaul - Gaulish 

Gep - Gepidic 

Gk - Greek 

Gmc - Germanic 

Goth - Gothic 

Grg - Georgian 

Hbr - Hebrew 

Hom - Homeric 

Hung - Hungarian 

Icel - Icelandic 

IE - Indo-European 

Ion - Ionic 

Irán - Iranian 

Lat - Latin 

Latv - Latvian 

LG - Low German 

Lith - Lithuanian 

MDu - Middle Dutch 

ME - Middle English 

Messap - Messapic 

MGk - Middle Greek 

MHG - Middle High German 



Mír - Middle Irish 

MPers - Middle Persian 

MW - Middle Welsh 

Myc - Mycenaean 

NCauc - North Caucasian 

Norw - Norwegian 

NPers - Modern Persian 

OCS - Old Church Slavonic 

OE - Old English 

OESc - Old East Scandinavian 

OFrank - Old Frankish 

OHG - Old High German 

OHung - Old Hungarian 

Olr - Old Irish 

OLFr - Old Low Frankish 

ON - Old Norse 

OPic - Old Picardian 

OPrus - Old Prussian 

OS - Old Saxon 

Ose - Oscan 

OSwed - Old Swedish 

OW - Old Welsh 

PAlb - Proto-Albanian 

Phryg - Phrygian 

PIE - Proto-Indo-European 

Pkt - Prakrit 

Pol - Polish 

Rom - Romance 

Russ - Russian 

Sem - Semitic 

Skt - Sanskrit (including Vedic) 

Slav - Slav(on)ic 

Slvn - Slovené 

Sum - Sumerian 

Sweb - Swebian 

Swed - Swedish 

Umb - FIND 

W - Welsh 

WGmc - West Germanic 

Yns - Yenisseyan 



Grammatical terms 



acc. - accusative 
adj. - adjective 
coll. - collective 
empn. - compound 



comp. - comparative 
cons. - consonantal 
denom. - denominative 
derive. - derivative 



XXXVIII ABBREVIATIONS 



deverb. - deverbative pl. - plurál 

dial. - dialectal pln. - pláce name 

dim. - diminutive poet. - poetic 

ethn. - ethnonym prep. - preposition 

f. - feminine prop. - proper name 

impf. - imperfect ptcl. - particle 

indecl. - indeclinable reřl. - reflexive 

irreg. - irregular rvn. - river name 

m. - masculine sb. - substantíve 

mtn. - mountain name sbst. - substantivized 

n. - neuter sg. - singulár 

part. - participle theon. - theonym 
perf. - perfect 



a 



*aba prep.: Goth af 'from, away from', 
ON af id, OE tC j oj id., OFris af, oj id., 
OS n/Td., OHG «ž>« id. (with secondary 
-a). Identical with Skt apa 'away, off', Av 
apa id., Gk traó, citTto 'from', Alb pa 
'withouť, Lat ab 'from'. Bartholomae 
72; Torp-Falk 15; Holthausen AEEW 
9; Walde-Hofmann I 1; Feist 3; 
Mayrhofer I 37; Pokorný I 53; Vries 
AMEW 2; Frisk I 122; Onions 624: 
Lehmann GED 2; Lloyd-Springer I 5—8 
Rluge-Seebold 2-3; Orel AED 307 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*abisjanan wk.vb.: ON ejsa 'to cut off', 
OE ejesian 'to cut, to round, to shear'. 
Probably derived from *aba. Vries 
AMEW 94. 

*abjon sb.f: ON eja 'mud, ooze', OE ebba 
'ebb' (mase), OFris ebba id., MDu ebbe id. 
Closely related to Gk cíjuoc; 'far away'. 
Derived from *aba. Torp-Falk 15; 
Holthausen AEE]V 87; Pokorný I 54; 
Vries AMEW 94; Frisk I 121-122; 
Onions 299; Kluge-Seebold 203. 

*abnjan sb.n.: ON ejni 'materiál, stuff', 
OE and-ejn 'equality, proportion, meas- 
ure, amounť. Related to Skt ápna- 
'possession, work', Gk ctcpvog 'riches, 
wealth' (with irregular -9-). Torp-Falk 
15-16; Holthausen AEEW 88; May- 
rhofer I 40; Vries AMEW 94. 

*abnjanan ~ *abnjójanan wk.vb.: ON 
efna 'to perform, to prepare, to make 
arrangements', OE ejnan 'to perform, to 
execute, to labor', OHG ebanon id. 
Derived from *abnjan. Torp-Falk 15— 
16; Holthausen AEEW 88; Vries 
AMEW 94. 



*ab5n sb.m.: Goth aha 'husband, man', 
ON afi 'grandfather, man', OHG prop. 
Abo. Probably, a Lallwort (Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXII 188, XXVII 113-1 14: nursery 
word for 'father'). Torp-Falk 15; Bez- 
zenberger BB XXI 296 (to * obraz and 
Lith úošvis 'father-in-law'); Lidén Studien 
73-74 (to IE *op- 'to be able, to bring 
abouť); Fórstemann AMD 111; Zimmer- 
mann BB XXLX 272 (to Etr apa 'father, 
husbanď); Schulze K£ Lil 311 (samé as 
Bezzenberger); Meringer IF XVII 
129, XVIII 208-209 (follows Lidén); 
Zachrisson Festschr. Kock 405 (to OE Aba, 
Abba, Aja); Feist 1; Pokorný I 2; Vries 
AMEW 2 (to *ajalan\ separates ON af. 
'man' from afi 'grandfather', the latter to 
Goth awo 'grandmother'); Zalizniak I 
152; Jucouois LBd LX 199-203; Benve- 
niste IEL 181; Lehmann GED 1 (against 
comparison of Goth wiuh ON). 

*abraz adj.: Goth abrs 'great, severe, 
extréme', ON ajr-endr at aflí 'very strong, 
valianť. Related to Mír abor- 'very', W 
ajr- id. (Loth RC XLII 64), Thrac prop. 
'APpo-^eAiiiq. Meyer Goth. 64 (to Skt 
abhva- 'monstrous'); Kluge K£ XXV (to 
Skt áprá- 'active, eager (?)'); Johansson IF 
III 239-241 (to Skt ámbha- 'power', Lat 
omnis 'all'); Bezzenberger BB XXI 296 
(to *abon); Fick K£ XLV 56-57 (samé 
as Johansson); Uhlenbeck Btrg. Gesch. 
XXX 253; Meillet Etudes 183 (to Slav 
*obr"b Avar'); Torp-Falk 16; Feist 1-2; 
Stender-Petersen Slav.-germ. 184-185 
(Slav *obrh from Gothic); Mezger K£ 
LXV 122-123 (foUows Bezzenberger); 
Vaillant RESl XXIX 122 (against 



abraz 



aftt 



Stender-Petersen); Jucouois LBd LX 
199-203; Wagner R'Z LXXV 58-75 (to 
Sum áb q 'to procreate', Akk abaru 'to be 
strong'); Jóhannesson IEW 86; Pokorný 
I 2; Vries AMEW 2-3; Vendryes A6-7; 
Lehmann GED 1; Bammesberger Mom. 
248; Heidermanns 93 (to Skt ápas- 'work, 
action', Lat opus 'work'). 

*abu prep.: ON au-virdi 'worthless wretch, 
damage', MHG abe 'from'. A variant of 
*aba. Cf. Gk Arc-Cypr ani for áizó. 
Pokorný I 55; Frisk I 122. 

*abu3az ~ *abuxaz adj.: ON qfugr 'bent 
back, inverteď, OS abuh 'evil', OHG abuh 
'bad, wrong'. Derived from *aba. Cf. sim- 
ilar but not identical derivatives in Skt 
ápáka- 'aside, back', Slav *opak"b 'back, 
back to front'. Schmidt Plur. 392; 
Kretschmer KZ XXXI 389; Torp-Falk 
15; Weisweiler IF XLI 345-350; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 2; Pokorný 154; Vries 
AMEW 685; Vasmer-Trubaghev III 
142; Lloyd-Springer I 33-35; Kluge- 
Seebold 6; Heidermanns 93-94. 

*adelaz ~ *adelón sb.m.: OSwed ko-adel 
'cow's urine', OE adela 'filth', MLG adel(e) 
'unpleasant dampness'. Of unknown ori- 
gin. Torp-Falk 10 (to Gk ov6o<; 'dung'); 
Holtuausen AEEW 2; Onions 12. 

*afalan sb.n.: ON afl 'strength', OE afol 
'power', OS abal id. The samé root is 
preserved in Gk áv-amXáaa.<;' ó.vap- 
pcoaQeíq, Hes., Ion EijjteXT|c; 'strong', Hom 
óX\yr\-KeXu\ 'weakness', Ion ávr|jteWT| • 
áaOéveia (Hes.). Torp-Falk 16; Hol- 
thausen AEEl\ r 2; Porzig Gliederung 130; 
Pokorný I 52; Vries AMEW 2 (OE < 
ON); Lehmann 1 (to *abón). 

*afalojanan wk.vb.: ON afla 'to acquire, 
to cause, to contrive', OHG part. avalonti 
'farmer'. Derived from *afalan. Torp- 
Falk 16; Vries AMEW 2, 94. 

*afarě adv.: Goth afar 'after', ON afar- 
'very' (in compounds), OHG avur 'again'. 
Related to Skt ápara- 'posterior, later', Av 
aparo id. Cf. *aba. Bartholomae 76-77; 
Torp-Falk 15; Feist 3-4; Mayrhofer I 
38; Pokorný I 54; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
107; Vries AMEW 2; Lehmann GED 2-3. 



*afaron sb.m.: Goth ajara 'descendanť, 
OE eafora 'heir, offspring, successor, son', 
OS avaro 'descendanť. Derived from 
*afart (Feist 4). Torp-Falk 15; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 83; Thyagaraju JEGP 
XLVII 180 (to *abdn); Vries AMEW 2 (to 
ON afi 'buttermilk'); Sghmidt Studien 164; 
Lehmann GED 3. 

*aftaně adv.: Goth aftana 'from behinď, 
ON aptan 'afterwards, again', OE iefian 
'behinď, OFris efta id., OS aftan 'eventu- 
ally', OHG aftan 'behind, from behinď. 
Derived from *a/íí. Holthausen AEE]\ t 
9; Feist 11; Pokorný I 54; Vries AMEW 
11; Onions 18; Lehmann GED 7; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*aftan{5az ~ *ěbandaz sb.m.: ON 
aptann, eptann 'evening', OE éfen id., OFris 
evend, iound id., OS áband id., OHG aband 
id. Derived from *aftane (Johanisson 
MASO V 50-75) with taboo transforma- 
tions. Brugmann IFV 376 (to IE *epi ~ 
*opi); Wiedemann BB XXVIII 73 (samé 
as Brugmann); Holthausen AEEW 9; 
Pokorný I 324; Onions 331; Vries 
ANEW 11; Lloyd-Springer I 9-13; 
Beekes KZ CLX 231-232 (non-Indo- 
European); Kluge-Seebold 3—4. 

*aft(e)raz adj.: Goth aftaro 'in back of, 
from behinď (with analogical -o), ON 
eptir 'after', OE itfter id., OFris efter id., 
OS aftar id., OHG after id. Modification 
of a comparative degree of *aba influ- 
enced by *afta. Close to Skt apataram 
'farther off', OPers apataram 'away from, 
far away', Gk áTtraxépcD 'farther' (Brug- 
mann Grundrifi 11/ 1 324—326). Torp- 
Falk 15; Feist 11-12; Sghulze KZ XL 
414; Pokorný I 53; Schmidt Studien 262 
(to IE *opi); Mayrhofer I 37; Vries 
AMEW 11; Onions 18; Peeters SL 
XXLX, 59-60; Lehmann GED 8; Kluge- 
Seebold 18; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*afte adv.: Goth afta 'behinď, ON eft 
'after' (with e- from eftir), OE eft 'behind, 
again', OFris eft 'later, afterwards', OS eft, 
eht 'after'. Derived from *aba (Schmidt 
Studien 88). Holthausen AEEW 88; 
Feist 1 1; Pokorný I 53-54 (to Gk oitiOev 



aftt 



a3jo 



'bchinď). Streitberg Bibel I 484 (Goth 
afla as an erroneous reading of aftrd); 
Lehmann GED 7-8; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*aftrě adv.: Goth aftra 'back, again', ON 
aptr id. See *aft(e)raz. Torp-Falk 15; 
Feist 12; Pokorný I 53; Schmidt Studien 
262 (to IE *opi); Vries ÁNEW 11; 
Lehmann GED 8. 

*aftumón adj.: Goth aftuma 'aftermost, 
hindmosť. Superlative degree of *aia. Cf. 
*aftumistaz. Feist 12; Pokorný I 53; 
Lehmann GED 8; Bammesberger Mom. 
234. 

*aftumistaz adj.: Goth aftumists 'endmost, 
finál', OE teftemest 'lasť. Secondary super- 
lative based on *aftumon. Holthausen 
AEEW 9; Feist 12; Pokorný I 53; 
Lehmann GED 8; Bammesberger Mom. 
234. 

*a3a-laikín ~ *a3a-laikan sb.f./n.: Goth 
ag-laitei 'licentiousness, debauchery' (irreg- 
ular -t- < *-k-), OE (13-lác 'misery, grief, 
trouble'. Compound of *«3« (see *a3anan) 
and Haikan (Mezger Word II 66—71). 
Torp-Falk 9; Holthausen AEE] V 3; Auf- 
derhaar Lehnw. 28—31 (OHG agaleizi 'dili- 
gence, zeal' < Goth); Feist 14 (to *a3luz)', 
Scardigli Goten 227-228 (follows Aufder- 
haar); Lehmann GED 10. 

*a3anan str.vb.: Goth agan 'to be afraid of 
part. un-agands 'fearless'. Related to Gk 
a^oiiai 'to be sad, to mourn', Olr ad- 
ágathar 'to fear'. Torp-Falk 9; Feist 13, 
380-381 (on Goth og 'to be afraid of); 
Pokorný I 7; Vrtes ANEW 3; Frisk I 
202-203; Seebold 362; Peeters KZ XC 
9-10; Lehmann GED 9. 

*a3anó ~ *axanó sb.f: Goth ahana 
'chaff , ON Qgn id. (pl. agnir < fem. 
*a3aniz), OE e3en.11 'litde round heap' (< 
*a3Íno; pl. from fem. *a3anon), OS agana 
'chaff, OHG agana id. Derived from 
*a3az. Derivationally close to Skt asáni- 
'thunderbolt, tip of a missile', Gk aKaiva 
'spike, prick', aicavoc; 'pine-thisde', Lat 
agna 'ear (of grain)' < *akná, Lith ašnis 
'edge, blade', Latv asns 'new shooť. 
Aufrecht K^ I 353 (to Lat acus 'needle, 
pin'); Zupitza Gutt. 129; Torp-Falk 7; 



Holthausen AEE] I ' 89; Walde-Hofmann 
I 22-23; Feist 16; Mayrhofer I 59; 
Pokorný I 19-20; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
63; Fraenkel 18; Frisk I 49, 62; Vrtes 
AJVEW 685; Zalizniak II 194; Onions 
66; Lehmann GED 1 1 . 

*a3az sb.m.: Swed ag 'swamp grass', MLG 
ag 'perch'. For the etymology see *a3ano 
~ *axano. Pokorný 118. 

*a3ej5Ó sb.f: OE ejeáe, e3de 'rake, harrow', 
OFris eide id. OS egitha id., OHG egida id. 
Related to OW ocet id. < *okita, OPrus 
aketes id., Lith akěčios, ekěčios id. Torp- 
Falk 8; Hirt IF XXXVII 230 (also to 
Lat occa 'harrow'; Holthausen AEE]f 
88; Pokorný I 22; Chemodanov SGGJa 

I 62; Fraenkel 1 1 9; Ktuge-Seebold 
205. 

*a3ez sb.n.: Goth agis 'awe, fear', OE 
mase. e3e 'fear, horror, dreaď. An e^-stem 
derivationally identical with Gk neut. 
a%oq id. (Aufrecht KZ I 355). Further 
connected with *a3anan. Already in Goth 
oblique cases are based on *a3esan. Cf. 
mase. *a3eson id. > OE e3esa id., OS egisa 
id., OHG egiso id. Zupitza Gutt. 218; 
Torp-Falk 9; Holthausen AEE] V 89; 
Feist 14; Pokorný I 7; Chemodanov 
SGGJa 1110; Frisk I 202-203; Zalizniak 

II 223; Seebold 362; Lehmann GED 10; 
Plassmann Karg-Gasterstádt Festschr. 93- 
135 (to *a3wi- 'snake' in *a3wi-paxsjon); 
Bammesberger Nom. 211; Kluge-Seebold 
902. 

*a3in sb.f: Goth un-agei 'fearlessness', 
OHG egí 'fear'. Derived from *a3anan. 
Feist 13; Pokorný I 7; Vries ANEW 3; 
Zalizniak II 223; Onions 65; Lehmann 
GED 10; Heidermanns 94. 

*a3Ja-stainaz sb.m.: ON egg-steinn 'sharp 
stone', MLG egge-sten 'corner-stone', 
MHG ecke-stein id. Compound of *a3Jo 
and *stainaz. Carr Mom. comp. 83 (par- 
allel formations). 

*a3J5 sb.f: Burg *agja 'edge', ON egg id., 
OE ec3 'edge, angle, blade, sworď, OFris 
egg, ig 'edge, sworď, OS eggia id., MHG 
ecke 'sharp point, side'. Related to Gk 
ÚkÍ<; 'sharp point', Lat aciěs 'sharp edge' 



a3jo 



axaz(an) 



and other continuants of IE *ak- 'sharp'. 
Torp-Falk 8; Holthausen AEE]\ t 87; 
Walde-Hofmann I 8; Pokorný I 19; 
Vries ANEW 94; Zalizniak I 148; Frisk 
I 52; Onions 301; Bammesberger Nom. 
113; Kobler 708; Kluge-Seebold 204; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*a3J5janan wk.vb.: ON egg/a 'to incite, to 
goaď, OE ec^an 'to sharpen', OFris eggia 'to 
drive, to fence', MLG eggen 'to sharpen'. 
Derived from *a%jo. Holthausen AEEW 
87; Vxms ANEW 95. 

*a3ljanan wk.vb.: Goth agljan 'to harm', 
OE e^lan 'to trouble', MLG egelen 'to 
annoy', OHG egilen 'to tormenť. Derived 
from *ashuz- Holthausen AEE]V 89; 
Feist 15; Pokorný I 8; Onions 21; 
Lehmann GED 10; Heidermanns 95. 

*a3luz adj.: Gouh aglus 'difficult, toilsome', 
OE «3& 'troublesome, hateful'. Con- 
nected with Skt aghá- 'baď, Av ayo id. 
Schweizer K~l I 151; Wtedemann BB 
XXVIII 50 (to Gk áxlvq 'fog'); 
Bartholomae 47-48; Torp-Falk 9 (to 
Gk 6%^-oq 'crowd, throng'); Feist 15; 
Holthausen AEE1\' 89; Mezger JVordll 
67; Mayrhofer I 19; Pokorný I 8; 
Lehmann GED 10; Bammesberger Nom. 
249; Heidermanns 95. 

*a3nan sb.n.: ON agn 'baiť. From *aknó-. 
Related to *axjanan. Structurally close to 
Skt neut. áíana- 'meal'. Torp-Falk 8; 
Pokorný I 18; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
106; Vries A/VEII'3. 

*a3uraz sb.m.: ON qgr 'kind of fish, carp'. 
Derivationally close to Olr aicher 'sharp', 
Lith ešeiys, dial. ašerys 'perch', Latv asars, 
asaris id. (Moller KZ XXIV 466). Fur- 
ther related to IE *ak- 'sharp'. Torp- 
Falk 23; Trautmann BS]\ 7 14; Pokorný 
I 20; Fraenkel 125. 

*a3wi-baxsjón sb.f: OE áSexe 'lizarď, OS 
egithassa, ewithissa id., OHG egidehsa id. 
Compound consisting of *a^wi- (from 
*og'hi-, cf. Skt áhi- 'snake', Gk ocpvg id., 
Kluge apud Zupitza Gutt. 99) and 
*paxsjon derived from *\>exsanan. Torp- 
Falk 9; Holthausen AEE\V 8; Mayr- 
hofer I 68; Pokorný I 44; Frisk II 453. 



*a3wja-lančtan ~ *axwja-landan sb.n.: 
ON ey-land 'island', OE íyland id., OFris 
a-lond id., MLG ei-lant, eyg-lant id. Com- 
pound of *a3wjo ~ *axwjo and *landan. 
Onions 486-487; Kluge-Seebold 209; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*a3wjó ~ *axwjó sb.f: ON ey 'island', 
OE Í3 id., OFris «, ey id., OHG ouwa id. 
Pln. Okim (Jordanes 60.15) < Goth *aujan 
and -avia in Scandinavia belong here. 
Derived from *axwo (Bugge K^ XI 
403-404). Torp-Falk 9; Holthausen 
^LE£ir 186; Feist 18; Pokorný I 23; 
Chemodanov SSGJa I 54; Zalizniak I 
148; Vries ANEW 106; Onions 486; 
Darms Vrddhi 25; Lehmann GED 13; 
Lloyd-Springer I 99—103; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 113; Kxuge-Seebold 61; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*a3wnojanan wk.vb.: OE eánian 'to yean, 
to bring forth (of ewe)', WFris eandje id., 
Du dial. oonen id. Based on the unattested 
*a3wnaz identical with Lat agnus 'lamb', 
Gk dnvó<; id., Olr úan id., Slav *agn^ id. 
Specifically close to Slav *agniti s^ 'to 
bring foruh (of ewe)'. Meillet BSL 
XXrV 183-184 (isolates Gk and Lat); 
Walde-Hofmann I 23; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 59; Pokorný I 9; Frisk I 93; 
Onions 1019; Trubaohev Zh'V- 71—73, 
ESSJa I 54-55; Dybo BSA 123-124. 

*axaz(an) sb.n.: Goth ahs 'ear of grain', 
ON ax id., OE ear id., OFris ar id., OS 
ahar id., OHG ehir id. Related to Toch B 
Sk 'ear of grain (?)', Gk ityy~t\ 'foam, 
chaff ' < *aksnd, Lat acus id. (í-stem), Slav 
*ostb 'spike of corn, sharp point', *osera 
'ear, spike of corn'. Zupitza Gutt. 129 
Torp-Falk 7-8; Holthausen AEE1V 85 
Walde-Hofmann I 11; Feist 1 7-1 8 
Pokorný I 22; Chemodanov SGGJa I 63 
Vries ANEW 21; Frisk I 202; Zalizniak 

II 223; Onions 297; Vasmer-Trubaohev 

III 167; Trubachev Etun. 1968 60 (OHG 
ahir < *akero- = Slav *osera, Lith ašays 
'perch'); Lehmann GED 12; Lloyd- 
Springer I 95-98; Bammesberger Nom. 
212; Kluge-Seebold 21; Adams TB 
35-37. 



axiraz 



axwo 



*axiraz ~ *axuraz sb.m.: Dan ar 
'maple', Germ dial. Acher id. Related 
to Lat acer id. Walde-Hofmann I 6—7; 
Pokorný I 20. 

*axjanan wk.vb.: ON £Ja 'to bait, to resť. 
Probably derivationally close to Skt 
áíayati 'to make eať (to Skt ašnati 'to eat, 
to consume'). Torp-Falk 8; Mayrho- 
fer I 60; Pokorný I 18. 

*axmaz sb.m.: Swed dial. am 'swamp 
grass'. Derivationally similar to Gk dK(ir| 
'point, edge' < *ak-m- 'sharp point'. 
Pokorný 119; Frisk I 153-54. 

*axslo sb.f.: ON qxl 'shoulder-joinť (from 
fem. *axsliz), OE eaxel 'shoulder', eaxle id. 
(on-stem), OFris axle, axele id., OS ahsla 
id., OHG ahsla id. [5- and on-stem). 
Derived from *axso. Derivationally simi- 
lar to Lat ala id. < *agsld. Zupitza 
Gutt. 187; Pveichelt WuS XII 112-114: 
Torp-Falk 8; Holthausen AEEW 87 
Walde-Hofmann I 25; Pokorný I 6 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 89; Vries ANEW 
689; Zalizniak II 1 95; Lloyd-Springer I 
114-116; FCluge-Seebold 12. 

*axsó sb.f.: OE eax 'axis, axle', OFris axe 
id., MLG asse id., OHG ahsa id. Related 
to Skt áksa- 'axle', Gk aí^cov id., Lat axis 
id., Olr aiss id., Lith ašis id., Latv ass id., 
Slav *osb. Torp-Falk 8; Meillet BSL 
XXV 144; Trautmann BSW 14-15; Rei- 
chelt WuS XII 112-114; Holthausen 
AEE]V 87; Benveniste Origines 7; Walde- 
Hofmann I 89; Mayrhofer I 16; 
Pokorný I 6; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
108; Fraenkel 19; Frisk I 116; 
Zalizniak I 146; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
167-168; Lloyd-Springer I 113-114; 
ICluge-Seebold 11-12. 

*axsulaz sb.m.: ON qxull 'axle'. Derived 
from *axso. Derivationally close to W echel 
id., Bret ahel id. < *aksila. Torp-Falk 8; 
Pokorný I 185; ICluge-Seebold 11. 

*axt5u mim.: Goth ahtau 'eighť, ON átta 
id., OE eahta id., OFris achta id., OS ahto 
id., OHG ahto id. Continues the Indo- 
European word for 'eighť: Toch A okát, 
B okt-, Skt astáu, astá, Av ašta, Gk oktco, 
Arm uť, Lat octo, Olr ocht n-, Lith astuoni. 



Zupitza Gutt. 188; Bartholomae 260; 
Torp-Falk 8; Muller IF XLIV 137 
138; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 103, 392 
Walde-Hofmann II 199-200; Feist 18 
Mayrhofer I 63; Pokorný I 22, 775 
Fraenkel 19-20; Vries ANEW 1 7; Frisk 
II 374-375; Onions 304; Lehmann GED 
12; Lloyd-Sprlnger I 121-124; Ross- 
Berns Numerals 588—589; ICluge-Seebold 
12; Adams TB 110; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*axtudon ~ *axtub5n mim.: Goth 
ahtuda 'eighth', ON átte id., OHG ahtodo 
id. Other forms, ON áttandi, OFris ach- 
tunda, MLG achtende and the like, were 
restructured under the influence of 
*seiunian ~ *seíunpan. Torp-Falk 8; 
Feist 18; Vries ANEW 17; Ross-Berns 
Numerals 629-630; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*axurnaz sb.m.: OS ahorn 'maple', OHG 
ahorn id. Derivationally close to Gk 
«Kapva- 8á<pvr| (Hes.), Lat acernus 'of 
maple-tree'. Connected with *axiraz 
~ *axuraz. Walde-Hofmann I 6-7; 
Pokorný I 20; Lloyd-Sprtnger I 110- 
113; FCluge-Seebold 20-21. 

*axwa-ťíukk5n sb.f: ODan a-dokke 'water- 
dock', OE éa-docce id. Compound of *axwo 
and *dukkon. Onions 280. 

*axwalaz sb.m.: ON soš-áll 'flesh-hook' (= 
Lat fusánula), OE neut. awel 'awl', OHG 
ahil 'point of the ear (of corn)'. Deriva- 
tionally similar to Lat aculeus 'spině', W ebil 
'drill' < *akullio-. Connected with IE *ak- 
'sharp', see *a^ano ~ *axano. Torp-Falk 8; 
Holthausen AEEW 8; Walde-Hofmann 
111; Pokorný I 1 9; Chemodanov SGGJa 
I 63, 107; Vries XAEn' 6. 

*axwo sb.f: Goth atva 'flowing body of 
water, river', ON á 'river', OE eá 
'running water, stream' (root stem), OFris 
a, ě id., OS aha id., OHG aha id. Iden- 
tical with Lat aqua id. Zupitza Gutt. 
60; Torp-Falk 9; Bonfante IF Lil 
225; Holthausen ^££11' 82; Walde- 
Hofmann I 60; Feist 18-19; Porzig 
Gliederung 100-101, 205-207 (on the rela- 
tion with *ap- 'river'); Wagner K^ 
LXXV 67 (to *ekttos); Jungandreas ^dPh 
IX 113 (ON to Gmc theon. ON Yngm, 



axwo 



aikanan 



OE In.3, OS Ing); Pokorný I 23; Chemo- 
danov SSGJa I 54; Vries ANEW 1; 
Zalizniak II 205; Onions 487; Lehmann 
GED 12-13; Bammesberger Nom. 199; 
Lloyd-Springer I 99-103; Kluge- 
Seebold 1 1 ; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*aidaz sb.m.: Crim. Goth sched-iit 'lighť, 
OE id 'funeral pile', OS id 'firebranď, 
OHG eit id. Identical with Skt édha- 'fuď, 
Gk od8o<; 'firebranď, Olr áed 'fire'. 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 57; Torp-Falk 2; 
Wood JEGP XIII 504; Holthausen 
AEEW 2; Feist 414; Mayrhofer I 128; 
Pokorný 111; Frisk I 37—38; Lehmann 
GED 298. 

*aidsón sb.f.: ON eisa 'glowing embers', 
MLG ěse 'hearth'. Derived from *aidaz. 
Reflects an originál j-stem *aidhes-. 
Torp-Falk 3; Vries ANEW 97-98; 
Pokorný 112. 

*aÍ3anan ~ *aÍ3enan sb.n.: Goth aigin 
'belongings, possessions, property', ON 
eigin 'one's own, of property', OE á^en 
'property', OFris ěgin, ein id., OS ěgan id., 
OHG eigan id. Substantivized *aÍ3anaz ~ 
*aÍ3enaz. Holthausen AEEW 10; Vries 
ANEW 95; Seebold 69-70. 

*aÍ3anaz ~ *aÍ3enaz adj.: ON eiginn 
'own', OE á^en id., OFris ein, egen id., OS 
ěgan id., OHG eigan id. Past participle of 
*aixa. Torp-Falk 1 ; Holthausen AEE] I ' 
10; Vries ANEW 96; Onions 638; Bout- 
kan OFED s.v. 

*aÍ3enan sb.n.: ON eigin 'seeď, MLG Tne 
'shoot, sprouť. Related to Lith áiža 
'crack, rifť, tížiti 'to be peeleď, éižéti 
'to jump up, to start up'. Fick III 2 
(to *aik- 'spear'); Torp-Falk 2; Bezzex- 
berger BB XXVII 166; Pokorný I 15; 
Fraenkel 4; Vries ANEW 95-96. 

*aÍ3enójanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-aiginon 'to 
appropriate', ON eigna 'to dedicate, to 
attribute'. Cf. also *aÍ3eněnan in OE ájmare 
'to possess, to own, to appropriate', MLG 
ěgenen id., OHG eigenen 'to také possession 
of. Derived from *aÍ3anaz ~ *aÍ3enaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 3; Feist 20; Vrdís 
ANEW 96; Lehmann GED 14; Kluge- 
Seebold 209. 



*aÍ3on sb.f: ON eiga 'ownership, prop- 
erty', OE Í3e 'property'. Derived from 
*aixa. Holthausen AEE]ť 3; Vries 
ANEW 9b; Seebold 69. 

*aÍ3wiskaz adj.: Goth un-aiwisks 'blame- 
less', OE dwisc 'disgraced, ashamed, 
abashed', MLG eisch 'hateful'. Related 
and structurally similar to Gk aía^o? 
'shame' < *aig"hsko- (Fick I 345-346), cf. 
*aÍ3wjanan > OE éwan 'to despise, to 
scorn' (Wood MLN XVI 309). Torp- 
Falk 2 (to Gk aiox ? 'shame'); Holt- 
hausen AEE] V 14; Feist 30; Pokorný I 
14; Frisk I 146-47; Mezger KZ LXXLX 
38—41 (to *aiwaz ~ *aiwiz); Beck Gedenk- 
schr. Gůntert 53, 55; Puhvel IF LXXXIII 
138 (agrees with Mezger); Seebold KZ 
LXXXI 123; Lehmann GED 21; Kluge- 
Seebold 214. 

*aixa str.vb.: Goth aih 'to háve, to own', 
ON á id., OE áh id., OFris aga, hága id., 
OS pl. ěgun id., OHG pl. eigun id. Related 
to Toch B aik- 'to know, to recognize', 
Skt Iše, iste 'to possess, to own', Av aěs- 'to 
dominate' (Pedersen Gr. 31). Schweizer 
KZ I 153; Bartholomae 26; Torp-Falk 
1; Feist 20; Holthausen AEE1\ t 10; 
Jóhannesson IEW 46; Mayrhofer I 96; 
Pokorný I 299; Zalizniak I 150; Vries 
ANEW 95; Onions 638; Seebold 69-72; 
Lehmann GED 14; Kluge-Seebold 
208-209; Adams TB 101-102; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*aixtiz sb.f: Goth aihts 'belongings, pos- 
sessions, property', ON étt, átt 'family, 
race', OE éht 'possessions, property, 
power', OHG ěht 'property, power'. Deri- 
vative in *-ti- of *aixa. Close to Av išti- 
'ability, power, property'. Bartholo- 
mae 376—377; Torp-Falk 1; Holthausen 
AEEW 10; Feist 20; Mezger W^UG VI 
218-220; Pokorný I 298-299; Zalizniak 
I 150; Seebold 70; Lehmann GED 14; 
Bammesberger Nom. 143. 

*aikanan str.vb.: Goth aj-aikan 'to děny, 
to abjure', OHG in-eihhan 'to claim' 
(gloss, = in-sageri). Related to Mír éigid 'to 
shouť. Further cf. *aixtrojanan > Goth 
aihtron 'to beg, to pray', a denominative 



aikanan 



aina-buranaz 



based on the unattested *aixtra- — Gk 
oiKxpó<; 'pitiable'. Bezzenberger %iPh 
V 229-230 (from *aig- 'to spring'); 
Sutterlin IF TV 101 (to Gk BÍTOV 'to 
speak, to say'); Grienberger Goten 4 
(to Gk T]|jí 'to say'); Torp-Falk 1; 
Uhlenbeok PBB XXVII 114 (to Slav 
*izt 'out, from'); Feist 3; Foes JEGP 
XLII 270 (to Gk oiKxoq 'waiting', Mír 
éigid 'to cry'), Goth. 2-3; Bailey BSOAS 
XXI 536-538 (to Toch en- 'to instrucť, 
Gk ávaívonai 'to refuse, to renounce, to 
spurn'); Pokorný I 298; Frisk II 361 
362; Seebold 72-73; Lehmann GED 2. 

*aikínaz adj.: Burg *aikins, ON eikirm 
'oaken', OE écen, ácen id., OFris ězen, ětzen 
id., MLG ěken id., OHG eihhín id. De- 
rived from *aikz. Holthausen AEE1T 8; 
Vries ANEW 96; Kobler 708. 

*aikwernón ~ *íkwernón sb.m.: ON 
íkorni 'squirrel', OE ácwern id. (neut.), 
MLG ekeren, ekhom id., OHG eihhurno id. 
A taboo transformation of the name 
attested in Lat uměna 'weasď, Bret gwiber 
'squirrď, Lith véveris, vaiveris id., Slav 
*věverica id., probably influenced by *aikz 
and formations in *-em-, cf. *pe3wemo(n). 
Torp-Falk 27 (to Skt éjati 'to stir, to 
move'); Much ZDADL XLII 166 (the first 
part to ON eikinn 'savage'); Schrader BB 
XV 134 (the first component to Skt ejati 
'to stir, to move'); Holthausen AEEW 1; 
Specht KZ LXII 253-254 (Lat uluerra < 
*m-uer-sa)\ Walde-Hofmann II 808; 
Pokorný I 14 (compound of *aik- con- 
nected with Skt éjati 'to move' and *wern- 
related to Lith vaiveris 'squirrel', Slav 
*věverica id.); Fraenkel 1233; Vries 
ANEW 284; Kluge-Seebold 207 (recon- 
structs *aikurnari). 

*aikz sb.f: Burg *aiks 'oak', ON eik id., 
OE ác id., OFris ek id., OS ěk id. (í-stem), 
OHG eih id. (z-stem). Compared with Gk 
aiy(Xco\)/ 'kind of oak', with the second 
component identified with Xáy xhcniix;, 
Hes., Xoiióq 'shell, bark', Lat aesculus 'kind 
of oak' (Kretschmer Glotta III 335). 
Schrader iC^X 461-462 (to Gk aiyavéri 
'hunting spear'); Kuhn KZ LXXI 151 (to 



*akranari); Torp-Falk 1; Holthausen 
^££11^ 2; Pokorný I 13; Vries ANEW 
96; Frisk I 31; Zalizniak II 205; Pisani 
St. balt. X 52 (to OPrus ansonis 'oak'); 
Onions 619; Bammesberger JVom. 195; 
Griepentrog I Vurzelnomina 21-32; Kob- 
ler 708; Kluge-Seebold 207. 

*ailan sb.n.: OE ál 'fláme'. Despite pho- 
netic difficulties, probably from *aíálan 
connected with *aiiaz (Sievers IF IV 
339). Derivationally close to Mír áel 
'lime' < *aidh-lo-. Fick KZ I (NF) 3-4 
(to Lat ad-oleo 'to burn'); Johansson ^dPh 
XXXI 285-288 (influenced by IE *alcto: 
Skt neut. alata- 'fire-brand, coal'); Wood 
JEGP XIII 500 (to OE ile 'hard skin'); 
Holthausen AEEW 3; Pokorný I 12; 
Vries ANEW 99-100. 

*ailidaz sb.m.: ON eldr 'fire', OE tekd 'fire, 
conflagration', OS Ěd 'fire'. Derived from 
*ailjanan. Torp-Falk 3-4 (to W ailuyd 
'hearth' < *aileta); Holthausen AEEW 
10; Pokorný I 12; Vrtes ANEW 99-1 00; 
Onions 38. 

*ailjanan wk.vb.: OE telan 'to kindle, to 
set on fire, to burn'. Derived from *ailan. 
Torp-Falk 3; Holthausen AEEW 10; 
Pokorný 112. 

*aimaz sb.m.: ON eimr 'reek, vapor', OE 
ám 'reed, slay of a weaver's loom', E dial. 
oam 'warm winď. Continues *ai-mo- or, 
better, *aidh-smo-, eventually related to 
*aidh- 'to burn', cf. in particular Av aesma- 
'firewood', Lith íesmé id. Bartholomae 
26-27; Holthausen AEE]V 3; Pokorný I 
11-12; Vries ANEW 96; Onions 308. 

*aimuzjon sb.f: ON eimyrja 'embers', OE 
émyrie, dmer^e id., MLG emere id., OHG 
eimuria 'pyre, hot ash'. Derived from 
*aimaz (Kluge KZ XXVI 84). Torp- 
Falk 32; Holthausen AEEW 11; Vries 
ANEW 96; Onions 308; Kluge-Seebold 
34 (compound of *aimaz and *usjon > ON 
poet. ysja 'fire'). 

*aina-au3Jaz adj.: ON ein-eygr 'one-eyeď, 
OE án-eá^e id., MLG ein-oge id., OHG 
ein-ougi id. Compound of *ainaz and 
*au$jaz. Carr Nom. comp. 64. 

* aina-buranaz ~ *aina-fourenaz adj.: 



aina-buranaz 



aina-likaz 



ON ein-borinn 'ordy begotten', OE án-boren 
id., OHG ein-boran 'unique, sole'. Com- 
pound of *ainaz and participle of *tera- 
nan. Carr Mom. comp. 92 (calque of Lat 
unigenitus). 

*aina-áa3Ón sb.m.: ON ein-dagi 'term for 
pay', OE án-daja 'fixed day, time 
appointed, day appointed for hearing a 
cause', OS ěn-dago 'day of death'. Com- 
pound of *ainaz and *ia^az. Krogmann 
EngS LXX 40—43 (compares *ain- with 
Skt inóti 'to advance upon, to press upon'; 
cf. *ferino); Torp-Falk 199; Holthausen 
AEEW 4; Carr Mom. comp. 58; Pokorný 
I 241-242; Lehmann GED 86. 

*aina-faldaz adj.: Goth ain-falps 'in one 
piece, simple', ON ein-Jaldr id., OE án- 
feald 'simple, single, one, alone', OFris en- 
fald 'singulár, single', OS en-fald id., OHG 
ein-falt 'pure, single'. Compound of *ainaz 
and *faldaz. Feist 23; Carr Mom. comp. 
64-65; Lehmann GED 16; Heidermanns 
187-188; Rluge-Seebold 211; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*aina-f5tjaz adj.: ON ein-fíttr 'one- 
leggeď, OE án-Jéte id. Compound of 
*ainaz and *fótjaz (see *fotz ~ *fotuz). 
Carr Mom. comp. 65. 

*aina3az ~ *aine3az pron., adj.: Goth 
ainaha 'only, sole' (< *ainaxaz), ON einigr, 
eingi 'none, any', OE tenis ' an y ; anyone', 
OFris enich 'only', OS ěnig id., OHG sbst. 
einago 'hermit, monk'. Derived from 
*ainaz. Cf. a similar derivation in Lat 
umcus id. (Solmsen PBB XXVII 356). 
Torp-Falk 3, 557 (to Slav *inoki, 'monk' 
but *-ok r b < *ok*o-); Holthausen AEE]V 
11; Walde-Hofmann II 821; Feist 22; 
Pokorný I 286; Vries AMEW31; Onions 
41; Lehmann GED 16; Ross-Berns 
Mumerals 656-657; Fvluge-Seebold 211- 
212; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*aina-xandjaz adj.: ON ein-hendr 'single - 
handeď, OE án-hende id., OHG ein-henti 
id. Compound of *ainaz and *xanďjaz (see 
*xanduz). Carr Mom. comp. 65. 

*aina-xarčtuz adj.: ON ein-hardr 'coura- 
geous, constanť, OS en-hard 'hostile, evil', 
OHG ein-harti 'courageous, constanť. 



Compound of *ainaz and *xariuz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 63. 

*aina-xlaupiz adj.: ON ein-hleypr 'single, 
unmarrieď, OE án-hlíepe id., latě OS en- 
lope 'alone, single'. Derived from *ainaz 
and *xlaupan. Holthausen AEE]V 163; 
Carr Mom. comp. 62; Seebold 260; 
Matzel Festschr. Schroder 259-261, ££ 
CV 129; Heidermanns 293. 

*ain(a)kai adv.: ON einka- 'only, speciál' 
(in compounds), Du ěnec 'alone'. Derived 
from *ainaz. Cf. a similar pattern in Slav 
*jbnog"h 'single' and Cypr íyyia. Vries 
AMEW 99; Trubachev ESSJa VIII 231; 
Lehmann GED 16. 

*ainak(i)laz adj.: Goth ainakls 'alone, 
standing alone', ON name of a sea-king 
Ekkill, OSwed sbst. icnkill 'widower', 
MLG enkel 'single'. Derived from *ain(a)kai. 
Grienberger Got. 14 (from *ain-ak-l-az, 
cf. *akanan); Feist 22-23; Vries AMEW 
99; Lehmann GED 16; Ross-Berns 
Mumerals 658. 

*aina-lifa ~ *aina-lifoa num.: Goth 
ainlif 'eleven', ON ellifu id., OE endleojan 
id., OFris andlova, elleva id., OS clleban id., 
OHG einlif id. Most of WGmc forms 
háve a secondary -(a)n. Compound of 
*ainaz and Hif- 'lefť (see Haibjancm). A sim- 
ilar structure is found in Lith vienuólika id. 
in which -lika is identical widr Gmc *lif- 
(Grimm Germania I 19, DG II 946-947). 
Meillet MSL XV 259; Zupitza Gutt. 12; 
Torp-Falk 3; Bezzenberger K^ XLIV 
133-135; Holthausen AEE]V 91; Feist 
23; Porzig Glieckrung 146; Pokorný I 
670; Chemodanov SGGJa I 74-75; 
Fraenkel 1239-1240; Vries AMEW 
101; Onions 306; Lehmann GED 17; 
Ross-Berns Mumerals 593—596 (*aini- in 
Goth); Kluge-Seebold 217; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*aina-lifton num.: ON ellepti 'eleventh', 
OE ellyfla, endlefta id., OFris andlofta id., 
OS ellifto id., OHG einlifto id. Derived 
from *aina-lifa ~ *aina-liia. Ross-Berns 
Mumerals 633-634; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*aina-líkaz adj.: OSwed ěnlíker 'alone', 
OE énlíc 'singulár, incomparable, excel- 



aina-likaz 



aiskojanan 



lenť. Derived from *ainaz. Ross-Berns 
Numer ah 663. 

*aina-naxtjaz adj.: ON ein-náttr 'one 
night olď, OE adv. án-nihte id., MHG ein- 
nehte id. Gompound of *ainaz and *naxtjaz 
(see *naxtz). Carr Mom. comp. 65. 

*aina-rěďaz adj.: ON ein-rádr 'self-willeď, 
OE án-rdd 'one-minded, unanimous, 
agreeď, OHG ein-rati 'secreť. Com- 
pound of *ainaz and *retaz. Carr Mom. 
comp. 94—95 (parallel formations). 

*aina-stapón sb.m.: ON ein-stapi 'a kind 
of fern, Pteris aquilina', OE án-stapa 'lone 
wanderer'. Compound of *ainaz and 
*stapan. Carr Mom. comp. 87 (parallel 
formations). 

*aina-walti6n sb.m.: ON ein-valdi 'mo- 
narch', OE án-wealda 'sovereign, gover- 
nor'. Compound of *ainaz and *walían. 
Carr Mom. comp. 87 (calque of Lat 
monarchus in OE). 

*aina-wÍ3Jan sb.n.: ON ein-vígi 'single 
combať, OE án-wíj id., OHG ein-wígi id. 
Compound of *ainaz and *wT^jan (see 
*wi3<zn). Carr Mom. comp. 58. 

*ainaz num.: Goth ains 'one', ON einn id., 
OE án id., OFris an, in, on id., OS en 
id., OHG ein id. Identical with Lat unus 
id., Olr óen id., OPrus ains id. further 
related to Skt éka- id., Av aivo id., Gk oíoq 
id. Bartholomae 22-24; Pedersen Kelt. 
Gr. I 57, 447; Torp-Falk 3; Holthausen 
AEEWA; Walde-Hofmann II 821; Feist 
24; Mayrhofer I 126; Pokorný I 
281-286; Vries AMEW 97; Frisk II 367; 
Onions 627; Toporov PJa I 63-64; 
Lehmann GED 17; Bammesberger Mom. 
227; Ross-Berns Mumerals 559-561; 
Kíuge-Seebold 210; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*airaz ~ *airuz sb.m.: Goth airus 'emis- 
sary, messenger', ON árr, qrr 'messenger', 
OE ar 'messenger, herald', OS er 'messen- 
ger' (< *airiz). Probably, a derivative of 
*airi. Grienberger Goten 15; Torp- 
Faek 3; Wiedemann BB XXVIII 46; 
Wood MLM XIII 82 (from *ei- 'to go'); 
Bugge PBB XXIV 430-433 (to *airo); 
Meringer IF XVIII 249-251 (to *aija- 
nan); Holthausen PBB LXVI 267 (to ON 



irask 'to be rumored abroaď), AEE\V 6; 
Feist 26-27; Vries AMEW 14; Zalizniak 
II 198; Lehmann GED 19; Bammesberger 
Mom. 66. 

*airi adv.: Goth air 'early', ON ar id., OE 
ér 'previously, before', OS «' id., OHG er 
id. Continues loc. *ai(e)ri. Related to Av 
ayara 'day', Gk riépio? 'early'. Cf. com- 
parative *airiz > Gotír airis 'before, ear- 
lier', ON ter id., OE ér 'early, former', 
OFris er 'before, earlier', OS er id., OHG 
er id. and superlative *airistaz > OE érest 
'firsť, OS erist id., OHG adv. ěrist id. 
Fick K^_ XXII 95-96; Bartholomae 
157; Torp-Falk 3; Holthausen AEE]V 
12; Feist 24-25; Sohulze Kl. Schr. 825, 
833; Pokorný I 12; Vries AMEW 12, 
681; Frisk I 624; Onions 323-324; 
Lehmann GED 1 8; Kluge-Seebold 
205-206; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*airi-ďa3az sb.m.: ON pl. ár-dagar 'days of 
yore', OE pl. ér-da^as id., OS pl. ěr-dagos 
id. Cf. also OHG adj. er-tagig 'of yester- 
day, before the dawn'. Compound of *airi 
and *da$az. Carr Mom. comp. 58. 

*airin5janan wk.vb.: Goth airinon 'to be 
an emissary, to be a messenger', ON árna 
'to intercede, to pray'. Derived from *airaz 
~ *airuz. Feist 25; Vries AMEW 14. 

*airi-wakraz adj.: ON ár-vakr 'early 
awake', OHG ěr-wackar id. Compound of 
*airi and *wakraz. Carr Mom. comp. 63. 

*airó sb.f: ON ár 'oar', OE ar id. Of 
unknown origin. Bugge PBB XXrV 
429 (to *roanan); Torp-Falk 3; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 7; Pokorný I 298 (to Gk 
ouxí; 'handle of rudder'); Vries AMEW 
12; Onions 619; Lehmann GED 19. 

*aisk5janan wk.vb.: OE ascian 'to 
inquire, to ask', OFris askia 'to demand, 
to claim', OS ěscon 'to promote, to fur- 
ther', OHG eiscon 'to search, to look for'. 
Related to Skt ésati 'to seek', iccháti, 'to 
seek, to wish' < *is-ske-, Av aeš- id., Arm 
hayc'em 'to beg', Lith ieškau, ieškóti 'to seek', 
Slav Hskah id. (Fick BB XVI 170-171). 
Bugge KZ III 40-41; Bartholomae 
28-31; Torp-Falk 4; Trautmann BSW 
67; Holthausen AEE]V 7; Mayrhofer I 



aiskojanan 



10 



aiwaz 



85; Pokorný I 16; Fraenkel 182; 
Onions 54; Trubachev ESSJa VIII 
238-239; Kluge-Seebold 366; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*aiskrójanan wk.vb.: ON eiskra 'to roar, 
to rage'. A denominative based on the 
unattested *aiskran. Related to Lith áiškus 
'clear' and derivationally close to Slav 
*jbskra 'sparkle' (< neut.). Persson Bei- 
fráge 950; Johansson /FXLX 112-114 (to 
Lat aestus 'heať); Fraenkel 3; Pokorný I 
16-17; Trubachev ESSJa VIII 239-240. 

*aitaz sb.m.: OHG eiz 'abscess'. Related 
to Arm aitnum 'to swell', Gk oíSréco id. 
(Fick K2^ I 5-6). Structurally close to 
Gk neut. 01805 'swelling, tumor'. Torp- 
Falk 2; Pokorný I 774; Frisk II 357- 
358; Keuge-Seebold 214. 

*aitilaz adj.: ON sbst. eitill 'nodule in 
stone', EFris eitel 'fast, raging', OHG sbst. 
eizzala 'gallnuť. Derived from *aitaz. 
Bezzenberger BB XXVII 172; Vries 
ANEJV98; Kluge-Seebold 214. 

*aitón sb.f.: OE éte 'oats', OS eriwit 'pea' 
(< *arwa-aito), OHG araweiz id. (< *arwa- 
aito). May be related to *aitaz (Wood 
JEGP XIII 500). For the semantic dev- 
elopment cf. Gk oíSaí; 'unripe fig'. 
Wiedemann BB XXVIII 46, 50 (recon- 
structs *araw-ait- with suff. *-ait-)\ 
Holthausen AEEJ\ t 7; Pokorný I 774; 
Onions 619; Iíluge-Seebold 228. 

*aitran sb.n.: ON eitr 'poison', OE étor id., 
OFris áter 'pus', atter id., OS ettor id., 
OHG eitar id. Derived from *aitaz. If 
originally from *'swelling', can be directiy 
compared with Slav *idro 'womb, lap'. 
Torp-Falk 2; Holthausen AEE]V 8; 
Pokorný I 774; Vries AMEW 98; 
Zalizniak I 138; Fvluge-Seebold 214 (to 
Slav *éďh 'poison'). 

*aipa-stabaz m: ON eiS-stajř 'wording of 
an oath', OE áo-sttef oath', OS ěd-staj id., 
MHG eit-stap id. Compound of *aipaz 
and *staiaz. Carr Mom. comp. 46. 

*aibaz sb.m.: Goth aips 'oath', ON eior id. 
(gen. sg. reflects *aipiz), OE ád id., OFris 
ěth, ěd id., OS ěth id., OHG eid id. 
Identical with Olr óeth id. and, probably, 



with Gk oítoi; 'fate', OPhryg oito- id. 
(Meringer IF XVIII 295; Grlenberger 
Goten 16). These forms could be (but not 
necessarily are) derived from *ei- 'to walk' 
(Brugmann IF XXXVII 241) or related 
to Hitt hni- 'to believe, to trust' (Puhvel 
III 9-10). Arbois de Jubainville MSL 
VII 292 (from Celtic, cf. Olr oeth 'oath'); 
Osthoff BB XXIV 208-209 (to Gk 
odvo<; 'consenť); Torp-Falk 2; Bartho- 
lomae /FXII 30 (compares oitoc; with Av 
aéta- 'punishment'); Merlmger IF XVIII 
295 (to *ei- 'to go'); Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 
58 (to Lat útor 'to neeď); Holthausen 
AEEW 8; Feist 29; Tucker Notes 36 (to 
Gk Ítt|Xo<; 'abiding'); Lané Language LX 
246 (from Celtic); Krahe Spr. Vorz- 134; 
Porzig Gliederung 121; Pokorný I 11, 
295; Chemodanov SGGJa I 96; Vries 
ANEU' 95; Zalizniak II 185; Onions 
619; Frisk II 370-371; Benveniste 393, 
433; Chantraine 788; Scardigli Goten 
53-54 (against the Celtic etymology); 
Polome JIES XI 281-298; Lehmann 
GED 20; Beekes Laryngeals 128; Bammes- 
berger ]\ r om. 78; Orel Phrygian 449; 
Kxuge-Seebold 207-208; Boutkan OFED 
s.v. 

*aij)ín sb.f: Goth aipei 'mother', OHG 
fuotar-eidi 'nanny'. Cf. also *aipon 'mother' 
> ON eiia. Derived from *aipaz (Mez- 
ger KZ LXXVI 85-86: a legally 
acknowledged mother as opposed to a 
concubine-mother). Uhlenbeck Btrg. 
Gesch. XXVII 115 (to Basque aita 
'fadrer'); Grienberger Goten 16 (to Gk 
fut. óíato 'to carry'); Torp-Falk 2; Feist 
28, PBB LIII 397-400 (from non-existent 
Blyr OH0H 'mater Dea'); ICrahe PBB 
LVU 426-428 (against Feist); Vries 
ANE1V 95; Zalizniak I 157; Lehmann 
GED 20. 

*aiwaz ~ *aiwiz sb.m.: Goth aiws 'age, 
eternity', OE dm, á 'law', OFris a- 'law' 
(in cmpn.), OS ěo id., OHG fem. ěwa id. 
Cf. also ON £vi 'time, eternity' < *aiwín. 
Acc. sg. *aiwin is ušed as an adverb 'ever': 
Goth aiw, ON <k, OE á, OS ěo, OHG io. 
Related to Skt ayu- 'vital power', Av ayíi 



aiwaz 



11 



ake 



'lifespan', Gk cxiróv 'vital power', Lat 
aeuus, aeuum 'age'. Vogt Btrg. Gesch. 
LVIII 1-66; Zupitza Gutt. 74 (to *ei- 'to 
go'); Bartholomae 333; Torp-Falk 4; 
Holthausen AEE]t r 8; Walde-Hofmann 
I 21; Benveniste BSL XXXVIII 
103-112; Feist 30-31; Tucker Notes 36 
(to Lat iús 'right, law'); Mayrhofer I 77; 
Pokorný I 17; Frisk I 49; Zalizniak II 
214; Onions 66; Lehmann GED 22; Beck 
Gedenkschr. Giintert 47-48, 53-54; Kluge- 
Seebold 238, 410; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*aiwipó sb.f.: ON lang-ďd 'long lasting', 
OHG ewida 'eternity'. Derived from 
*aiwaz ~ *aiwiz. Vries ANEW 680. 

*aizan sb.n.: Goth aiz 'copper', ON eir 
'brass', OE ár 'ore, brass, copper', OS er 
'ore', OHG er 'ore, copper'. Related to 
Skt áyas- 'metal, iron', Av ayah- id., Lat 
aes 'ore' continuing IE *aios-. Bartho- 
lomae 159; Torp-Falk 4; Holthausen 
AEEW 7; Walde-Hofmann I 19-20 
Walde-Hofmann I 19-20; Feist 31 
Mayrhofer I 46; Pokorný I 15 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 90; Vries ANEW 
97; Zalizniak I 138; Lindeman Verschár- 
fung 11.4; Gamkrelidze-Ivanov 709-710; 
Lehmann GED 22; Bammesberger Nom. 
212; Kluge-Seebold 206. 

*aizó sb.f.: ON eir 'peace, clemency' (< 
*aizjo), OE ár 'honor, glory, kindness', 
OFris ere 'honor', OS er, ěra 'honor, help', 
OHG era 'honor'. Related to Osk abl. pl. 
aisusis 'sacrifice', Marruc dat. pl. aisos 
'gods', Umbr esono- 'divine, sacreď and 
probably to Gk oá'8o|jai 'to respecť < 
*aiz-d- (Bezzenberger BB IV 313). 
Perhaps, further connected with *aiskqjan. 
Torp-Falk 4; Holthausen AEEW 7; 
Feist 27-28; Pokorný I 16; Vries ANEW 
97; Frisk I 34-35; Zalizniak II 191; 
Peeters IF XCTV 295; Kluge-Seebold 
206; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*ajjaz sb.n.: Crim. Goth nom. pl. ada 
'egg', ON egg id., OE «3 id., OS ei id., 
OHG ei id. Related (without traces of *u 
and with Verschárfung) to OPers xaya id., 
Gk ipóv id. Arm ju id., W wy id., Slav 
*ajbce, *aje id. Molz Btrg. Gesch. XXXI 



324-325; Torp-Falk 1; Holthausen 
AEEW 9-10; Feist 2; Pokorný I 
783-784; Vries ANE1V 94-95; Frisk II 
1150; Zalizniak II 223; Schindler 
Sprache XV 144-167; Lindeman SL 
XrV/2 10-11, Verschárfung 10.2; Onions 
303; Trubaohev ESSJa I 61-62; 
Lehmann Fhon. 36-46, GED 2; Kluge- 
Seebold 206. 

*ajukaz adj.: Goth ajuk-dups 'eternity', OE 
éce 'eternal, perpetual'. Derived from 
*aiwaz ~ *aiwiz. Probably derivationally 
similar to Lat iugis 'permanent, perpetual' 
(Seebold Etym. 93-94). Torp-Falk 4; 
Bréal MSL IV 140-141 (Goth suffix < 
Lat); Feist 32; Holthausen AEE]V 8; 
Walde-Hofmann I 727; Pokorný I 17; 
Bammesberger AE 12, Nom. 262; Leh- 
mann GED 23; Heidermanns 97. 

*akanan str.vb.: ON aka 'to drive (in a 
vehicle)', OE acan 'to ache, to pain'. 
Despite the semantic discrepancy, these 
forms are historically identical (Seebold 
74—75). Cf. the meanings of Lat agitb 'to 
put in motion, to drive, to rouše up, to 
disturb'. Related to Toch B Sk- 'to lead, 
to guide, to drive', Skt ájati 'to drive', Av 
azaiti id., Arm acem 'to lead, to bring', Gk 
ayo) 'to lead', Lat ago 'to drive', OW agit 
'to go'. Zupitza Gutt. 195; Wood AJPhil 
XXVII 59 (OE to Skt agas- 'transgres- 
sion, faulť Gk ayoq 'pollution, guilt, expi- 
ation'); Loewe KZ XLVIII 99-1 00M 
(samé as Wood); Bartholomae 223-224; 
Torp-Falk 7; Holthausen AEE]V 2; 
Walde-Hofmann I 23-24; Porzig Glie- 
derung 120; Mayrhofer I 23; Pokorný I 
4; Vries ANEW 3; Frisk I 18; Onions 
8-9; Adams TB 36. 

*akaz sb.m.: Run prop. akaR, Identical 
with Gk ayóq 'leader, chief. Further 
related to *akanan. Frisk I 18; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 5 1 . 

*ake conj.: Goth ak 'but, however', OE ac 
id., OS ak id., OHG oh id. Related to Gk 
otye 'now, then', Lat age id. (Holthausen 
IF XVII 45 8-45 9) . Brugmann KVG 6 1 6 
(from *apa/ *api and particle *k(e) as in 
Goth mik); Holthausen AEE]\ 7 1; Feist 



ake 



12 



ala-fteudo 



32; Sturtevant GR XXVI 57 (to IE *ak- 
! sharp ! followed by a particle); Lehmann 
GED 23. 

*akra-karlaz sb.m.: ON akr-karl 'plow- 
man, reaper', OE ďcer-ceorl id. Compound 
of *akraz and *karlaz. Carr Mom. comp. 
80 (parallel formations). 

*akra-mannz sb.m.: ON akr-maor 'plow- 
man, farmer', OE tecer-man id., MLG 
acker-man id., OHG ackar-man id. Com- 
pound of *akraz and *mannz. Carr Mom. 
comp. 71 (parallel formations). 

*akranan sb.n.: Goth akran 'fruiť, ON 
akarn 'acorn', OE écern id., MLG eckeren 
id. Derived from *akraz (Torp-Falk 16). 
Zimmer apud Zupitza Gutt. 213 (deriva- 
tionally close to Celt *agrinia 'sloe': Ir 
áirne, W aeron 'fruiť MBret zraz, and other 
continuants of IE *og-); Lidén IF XVIII 
503—506 (to Lith úoga 'berry' Slav *agoda 
id.); Uhlenbeck TJVTL XXV 249; 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 103, 143; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 9; Feist 32-33; Pokorný 
I 773, iT ~ L 46-48; Vries AMEW 4; 
Zalizniak I 139; Lehmann GED 24; 
Bammesberger Mom. 83; Rluge-Seebold 
204. 

*akra-werkan sb.n.: ON akr-verk 'field- 
work', OE iccer-weorc id. MLG acker-werk 
id. Compound of *akraz and *werkan. 
Carr Mom. comp. 71 (parallel formations). 

*akraz sb.m.: Goth akrs 'fielď, ON akr id., 
OE tecer id., OFris ekker id., OS akkar id., 
OHG ackar id. Related to Skt ájra- 'plain, 
fielď, Gk aypóq 'fielď, Arm art id., Lat 
ager id. continuing IE *agros, a derivative 
of *ag- 'to drive' (see *akanan). Torp- 
Falk 7; Brugmann IF XVIII 1 32; Peder- 
sen R'Z XXXLX 352; Krause R'Z LV 
312-313; Holthausen AEEW 8; Walde- 
Hofmann I 22; Feist 33; Trier PBB 
LXVII 126; Mayrhofer I 23; Pokorný 
I 6; Vries AMEW 4; Frisk I 16; 
Zalizniak I 129; Seebold 74; Lehmann 
GED 24; Bammesberger Mom. 74; Lloyd- 
Springer I 40-42; Kxuge-Seebold 1 3; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*akusiz sb.f: OS akus 'axe', OHG ackus id. 
In dat. sg. WGmc keeps traces of a root 



stem. Probably related to Gk á^ívri id., 
Lat oseta 'axe of carpenters and masons' 
< *acsia (Janzén Bu^ 20: reconstructs IE 
*ag- parallel to *ak-). Zupitza Gzzřř. 89; 
Kretschmer Einleitung 164; Walde- 
Hofmann I 71-72; Pokorný I 9; Frisk I 
115-116; Zalizniak II 205; Onions 66; 
Lloyd-Springer I 44; Kluge-Seebold 
70 {*akwesjó). 

*akwesj6 ~ *akwezjo sb.f: Goth aqizi 
'axe', ON ox id. (*akusjo), OE tecs, cex id., 
OFris axa id. Derived from *akusiz. 
Zupitza Gutt. 89; Torp-Falk 7; Holt- 
hausen AEE1V 9; Feist 54; Porzig 
Gliederung 133; Pokorný I 9; Vries 
AMEW 683; Zalizniak II 205; Lehmann 
GED 40; Keuge-Seebold 70. 

*ala-xwítaz adj.: ON al-hvítr 'quite white', 
OE eal(l)-hwít id., OS ala-hwit id. Com- 
pound of *alaz and *xwltaz. Carr Mom. 
comp. 62. 

*ala-maxtÍ3az adj.: ON al-máttigr 'al- 
mighty', OE eall-mihtij id., OFris el- 
mechtich id., OS ala-mahtig id., OHG 
ala-mahtig id. Compound of *alaz and 
*maxti^az. Carr Mom. comp. 91—92 (cal- 
que of Lat omnipotens). 

*ala-mannz sb.m.: Goth ala-mans '(all) 
mankinď, ON al-manna- 'generál, com- 
mon' (in compounds), MLG al-man 
'mankinď, OHG ethn. Ala-man. Cf. 
'AXoc-|iavoí, Ala-manni = OHG Ala-man. 
Compound of *alaz and *mannz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 56-57; Schónfeld PVM 6—8; 
Feist 34; Lehmann GED 25. 

*alanan str.vb.: Goth alan 'to grow on, to 
feed on', ON ala 'to beget, to bear', OE 
alan 'to nourish, to grow, to produce'. 
Related to Lat alo 'to nourish', Olr alim 
id. Schweizer K£ I 558 (to Lat part. 
altus); Torp-Falk 20; Holthausen ^££1 1 ' 
3; Walde-Hofmann I 31-32; Feist 34: 
Jóhannesson IEW 37-38; Pokorný I 26 
Vries AMEW 4-5; Seebold 75-77 
Lehmann GED 25. 

*ala-{?eudo sb.f: ON al-pjóS 'the com- 
mons', OS ala-thioda 'mankinď. Com- 
pound of *alaz and *peuÍo. Carr Mom 
comp. 59. 



ala-walclaz 



13 



aldiz 



*ala-walďaz ~ *ala-walčlón sb.m.: ON 
al-valdr 'sovereign king', OE eal-wealda id., 
OS ala-waldo id., MHG al-walte id. Com- 
pound of *alaz and *walian. Lehmann 
GED 29 (calque of Gk jtavxoKpáxcop or 
Lat omnipotens). 

*alaz adj.: Goth ala-mans 'mankind', ON 
al-vitr 'all-wise', OE eal-mihtig 'almighty', 
OFris al-evna c in a similar way', OS ala- 
hwlt 'quite white', OHG ala-wári 'friendly, 
benign'. Usually compared with Toch B 
al 'entire, uncastrated (?)' and to Lat ollus 
'ille', Olr oll 'amplus'. However, more 
probably, immediately derived from 
*alanan with a semantic development sim- 
ilar to that of Lat tótus 'alf (to *teu- 'to 
swelT) and Lith visas 'alf, Slav *vhsh id. 
(to Lith véisti 'to breeď), see Mikkola St. 
Balt. III 132; Pisani Paideia VILI/ 4-5 292. 
Torp-Falk 20; Holthausen AEE\V 10; 
Walde-Hofmann II 206-207; Feist 33; 
Pokorný I 24-25; Seebold 75-76; 
Lehmann GED 24; Adams TB 53-54. 

*albatiz ~ *albetiz sb.f./m.: ON qlpt 
'swan' (traces of a root stem), OHG elbiz 
id. Cf. also OE Ujetu id. < *altet(j)o. 
Derivative of *albh- 'white' similar to Slav 
*olbqdb ~ *elb^db 'swan'. Pictet K£ IV 
124-126; Osthoff IF VIII 65-66; Torp- 
Falk 22 (adduce Gk ÉXetpiTÍg 'a kind of 
fish'); Holthausen AEEW 186; Porzig 
Gliederung 144; Pokorný I 30; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 80; Vries ANEW 101; 
Zalizniak II 205; Stang LS 31; 
Trubaohev ESSJa VI 19. 

*albaz sb.m.: Burg *alfs 'elf, ON aljr 
'nightmare, elf, OE mlj 'elf, genius, 
incubus', MLG alf 'evil spirit', OHG 
alb id. Of uncertain origin. Kuhn K? 
IV 110 (to Skt rbhú- 'clever, skilful'); 
Wadstein Festschr. Bugge 152—155 (to 
*albh- 'white'); Torp-Falk 21; Saus- 
sure apud Mastrelli StG XIII 5-13 (to 
the name of the Alps); Holthausen 
AEEW 186; Pokorný I 30; Vries ANEW 
5-6; Kobler 708; Kluge-Seebold 
24-25. 

*albiz sb.f: ON rvn. Elfr, Swed dial. álv 
'deep river-beď, OE rvn. lelf, MLG elve 



'river-beď, MHG rvn. Elbe. Usually con- 
nected with Lat albus 'white', Gk <i^.tpó<; 
'dull-white leprosy' (Schulze Kl. Schr. 
120). However, the meaning in Swed and 
MLG makes this etymology not very reli- 
able and implies the existence of a Gmc 
appellative *albiz 'river, river-beď hardly 
derived from a color adjective. Torp- 
Falk 21; Ekblom SSUF 1939/13 1-15 (to 
Swed dial. álv and Lat Alpes); Walde- 
Hofmann I 26-27; Rozwadowski Názvy 
1 74 (on hydronyms including that of the 
Elbe); Pokorný I 30-31; Vries ANEW 
100; Frisk I 81-82. 

*al<ta-doman sb.n.: Goth aldomo 'old 
age', OE eald-dóm 'age', OHG alt-tuom id. 
Derived from *aliaz (Johansson Festschr. 
Moreen 457); for the derivational pattern 
cf. *wísa-domaz. Grienberger Goten 18 
(reconstructs superl. *aldumin, to *alanan); 
Endzelin K'Z Lil 124; Feist 34-35; 
Kluge J\íom. Stamm. 81 (suffix *-oman 
identical with Lat -amen); Lehmann GED 
25. 

*aldaz adj.: Crim.-Goth alt 'old', OE eald 
id., OFris ald id., OS ald id., OHG alt id. 
Derived from *alanan. Derivationally sim- 
ilar to Gk avakxoq 'sateless', Lat altus 
'high' (Brugmann PBB XLIII 310-324). 
Brugmann PBB XLIII 310-324; Torp- 
Falk 20; Walde-Hofmann I 31-32; 
Feist 40; Holthausen AEEW 83-84; 
Hofmann IF XXXVIII 179-183 (seman- 
tic parallel in Lat decem annos natus); 
Walde-Hofmann I 31-32; Porzig 
Festschr. Debrunner 343—349; Pokorný I 
26; Frisk I 102; Onions 625; Lloyd- 
Springer I 171-173; Seebold 76; 
Lloyd-Springer I 171-173; Bammes- 
berger Nora. 250—251; Heidermanns 
97-98; Kluge-Seebold 30-31; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*aláiz sb.f: Goth aids 'generation, age, 
life-time', ON old 'age, time', OE pl. ilde 
'men', OS pl. eldi 'people'. Related to 
*aliaz, *aliran. Pokorný I 26-27 
Brugmann Btrg. Gesch. XLIII 310-324: 
Torp-Falk 20; Holthausen AEEW 186 
Feist 35; Vogt Btrg. Gesch. LVIII 11-18 



alčtiz 



14 



alino 



Vries ANEIV 686; Zalizniak I 150; See- 
bold 76; Lehmann GED 26; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 144. 

*alďín sb.f.: ON dli 'old age', OE ildu 'age, 
life', OFris dde id., OS eldi id., OHG elti 
id. Derived from *aldaz. Torp-Falk 20: 
Holthausen AEEW 186; Pokorný I 27 
Vries ANEW 100; Zalizniak I 157 
Heidermanns 98. 

*alčtjanan wk.vb.: ON eldask 'to grow olď, 
OE ildan 'to delay, to tarry, to defer', 
MHG elten 'to make olď. Derived from 
*aliaz. Holthausen AEE]V 186; Vries 
ANEW 99; Heidermanns 98. 

*ald5n sb.f.: ON alda 'wave', Norw dial. 
olda 'trough', Swed dial. alla 'long and 
narrow hollow'. Related to Slav *oldbja 
'boať, Lith aldijá, eldijá 'river boať (Lidén 
BSB 3-4, 9-10). Torp-Falk 21; Meil- 
let RES VII 7-8; Trautmann BSW 
6; Pokorný I 31-32; Fraenkel 120; 
Vasmer-Trubachev II 510. 

*aldra-ďa3az sb.m.: ON pl. aldr-dagar 
'everlasting life', OE ealdor-des 'day of 
life'. Compound of *aldran and *da^az. 
Carr Nom. comp. 80 (parallel formations). 

*aldra-la3an sb.n.: ON aldr-lag 'death, 
destruction', OE ealdorltss id., OS aldar- 
lagu id. Compound of *aldran and *lajan. 
Carr Nom. comp. 45. 

*alctran sb.n.: Goth adj. Jram-aldrs 'aged, 
advanced in age', ON aldr 'age, life, old 
age' (< *aldraz), OE ealdor 'age, life', OS 
aldar id., OHG altar id. Related to *aldaz. 
Continues IE *altrom, cf. Olr altrarn 'nour- 
ishmenť (cf. Olr altru 'foster-father' W 
athraw 'teacher'), or *altros as in áXxpóq' 
Hic9óq, Hes. (Brugmann BBB XLIII 317). 
Furťher connected with IE *al- 'to grow'. 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 137, II 45; Torp- 
Falk 20; Holthausen AEEW 84; Feist 
164; Vogt PBB LVIII 1 1-18; Pokorný I 
26-27; Vries ANEW 5; Zalizniak II 165; 
Lehmann GED 124; Lloyd-Springer 
I 173-174; Bammesberger Nom. 86; 
Kluge-Seebold 31. 

*al3Íz ~ *elxaz ~ *elxon sb.m.: ON elgr 
'elk', OE eolh id., OHG elaho id. Ac- 
centual variants continuing IE *olkis ~ 



*dkis (Gk cí^-KTi id., Lat alces id., Slav *olsb 
id.) (Much <UiDZ XXXLX 26; Osthoff 
Etym. 1318). Kirchhoff KZ I 39 (to IE 
*rkto- 'bear'); Forsterman KZ I 493 (samé 
as Kirchhoff); Torp-Falk 26; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 92; Walde-Hofmann I 28; 
Pokorný I 303; Vries ANEW 100; Frisk 
I 75; Onions 306; Stang LS 33-34; 
Kluge-Seebold 215. 

*alxz ~ *alxaz sb.f./m.: Goth alhs 'tem- 
ple', ON -áll (in cmpn.), OE ealh 
'residence, temple', OS alah 'temple'. The 
consonantal stem appears to be a sec- 
ondary modification of *alxaz. Identical 
with Lith alkas, alka 'holý grove' (Mik- 
kola BB XXII 241 Buga II 148-149). 
Cf. also Gk oXto] 'strength, defence', 
akooq 'gorve, sacred grove' (Hoffmann 
BB XXV 106)? Presumably further con- 
nected with Skt ráksati 'to protéct, to 
guard', Gk ukzt/si 'to ward off, to 
defend'. Kirchhoff K~^ I 39; Thumb 
K~ XVI 188-190; Meringer WuS LX 
108—109 (to Lat ulciscor 'to avenge, to 
punish'); Rooth }\ 7 ortst. 10-11 (derived 
from *alanari); ZuprrzA Gutt. 128; Torp- 
Falk 21 (to Gk ocXicri); Holthausen 
AEE]V 84; Feist 36-37; Porzig Gliederung 
97; Mayrhofer III 30; Pokorný I 32; 
Vrtes ANE]\ t 6-7; Frisk I 75; Fraenkel 
7; Zalizniak II 205; Stang LS 13; 
Lehmann GED 27; Bammesberger Nom. 
195; Griepentrog l^urzelnomina 33-40. 

*alina-bu3Ón sb.m.: ON oln-bogi 'elbow', 
OE eln-bosa id., MLG ellen-boge id., OHG 
elin-bogo id. Derived from *alino and 
*bu3b~n. Torp-Falk 273; Carr Nom. 
comp. 46; Vries ANEW 686; Onions 305; 
Kluge-Seebold 218. 

*alinó sb.f: Goth aleina 'cubiť (with *-i-), 
ON qln 'cubit, forearm' (partly *aliniz), 
OE eln 'elf, OFris ielne id., OS elina id., 
OHG elina id. Related to Gk ró^-Évri id., 
Lat ulna id., Olr uilenn 'angle', W din 
'elbow', OCorn din id., Bret ilin id. (< 
*oliná, cf. the Gothic form), Alb llerl ~ 
tom! id. < *olená. Kluge KZ XXVI 101 
(on -«'- in Goth); Roethe SAW [1919] 
793 (reconstructs *-i-)\ Pedersen Kelt. Gr. 



alino 



15 



alkon 



II 59, 111; Torp-Falk 2 1 ; Holthausen 
AEEW 90; Walde-Hofmann II 812; 
Feist 35; Pokorný I 307-308; Dybo VSJa 
25 (pretonic shortening of *o- in Gmc); 
Vries ANEW 686; Zalizniak II 192; 
Frisk II 1146; Onions 306; Orel AED 
238; Lehmann GED 26; Schrijver LL 
352 (follows Dybo); Kluge-Seebold 
217-218. 

*alizó ~ *alisó sb.f.: Goth *alisa 'alder' 
(> Sp aliso id.), OS elira id., elis- (in 
cmpn.), OHG elira, erila id. Cf. also ON 
elri < *alizjan, alri < *alizan. Identical with 
Maced cí^ii^a- fi tóJicri xňv SévSprav 
(Hes.), Slav *elbxa 'alder' Further con- 
nected with Lat alnus 'alder. Lith alksnis 
id. Persson Beitráge 893-895; Kret- 
sohmer CAotta XV 305-307; Torp-Falk 
26, 560; Gamillscheg 27 (reconstruc- 
tion of Goth); Walde-Hofmann I 31; 
Pokorný I 302-303; Ghemodanov SSGJa 
I 57; Fraenkel 8; Frisk I 73; Vries 
ANEW 101; Zalizniak II 214; Onions 
23; Trubachev ESSJa VI 23-24; Kluge- 
Seebold 230. 

*alja-likót adv.: Goth alja-leiko 'otherwise', 
ON el-liga, el-ligar id., OE comp. el-lícor, 
elcor id., OFris comp. ekkor 'apart from 
that, moreover', OS comp. elcor 'other- 
wise', OHG comp. elihhór 'further'. Based 
on the unattested adj. *alja-likaz, com- 
pound of *aljaz and *llkaz. Holthausen 
AEEW 89; Feist 37-38; Vries ANEW 
101; Lehmann GED 27-28; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*aljanan I wk.vb.: Goth aljan 'to fatten', 
Norw dial. elja id. Derived from *alanan. 
Feist 38; Pokorný I 26. 

*aljanan II sb.n.: Goth aljan 'avidity, 
eagerness, zeal', ON fem. eljan 'endu- 
rance', OE ellen 'strengui, power, vigor', 
OS ellean 'courage', OHG ellen 'zeal'. 
Derived from *aljaz with a semantic dev- 
elopment similar to that of Gk 8evvói; 
'fearful' ~ 8eí8(o 'to be afraiď going back 
to *dub~ 'two'. Fick Spracheinh. 302 (to 
Lat alacer 'lively, exciteď); Osthoff Nom. 
Stamm. I 63—66 (samé as Fick); Torp- 
Falk 20; Johansson ZJdtPh XXXI 285- 



289 (to IE *al- 'to burn'); Froehde BB 
XX 185 (to Gk kXáíň 'to drive, to drive 
on'); Collitz SSN VIII 1-13 (to Gk 
akxxo 'to be active'); Walde-Pokorny I 
156 (to Lat alacer 'lively, brisk, quick'); 
Holthausen AEE]V 89; Feist 38; 
Pokorný I 25, 28; Vries ANE]V 100; 
Frisk I 357-358; Zalizniak II 173; Leh- 
mann GED 28 (agrees with Johansson); 
Puhvel III 52 (to Hitt haluammar 'eager- 
ness, zeal'). 

*aljanojanan wk.vb.: ON elna 'to wax, to 
grow', OE elnian 'to make strong, to strive 
with zeal', OHG ellinon 'to strive with 
zeal'. Derived from *aljanan I. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 90; Vries ANEW 101. 

*al( j)a-wixtiz sb.f: ON al-vitr 'super- 
natural being, Valkyria', OE ďl-wiht 
'strange creature, monster'. Compound 
of *aljaz (with analogical influence of 
*alaz) and *wixtiz (Sievers PBB XII 488). 
Wessén Festschr. Bugge 175 (non-synco- 
pated form of ON elptr 'swan'); Ólsen 
ANF XXXLX 114-115 (ON from *alf- 
vitf)\ Carr Nom. comp. 32 (ON < OE); 
Vrtes zUVEIK 7. 

*aljaz adj.: Goth aljis 'other', OFris ili-, ele- 
id. (in compounds). In other Germanic 
languages gen. sg. (meaning 'otherwise, 
else') is preserved, cf. OSwed áljes, OE 
elles, OFris elles, MDu eis, OHG alles. 
Related to Arm ail id., Gk aXXoc, id., Lat 
alius id., Gaul alios id., Olr aile id. 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 32, 69; Torp-Falk 
22; Holthausen AEE1\' 90; Walde- 
Hofmann I 30-31; Feist 38-39; 
Pokorný I 25; Frisk I 76—77; Zalizniak 
II 173; Onions 307; Schmidt Studien 70; 
Lehmann GED 28-29; Kluge-Seebold 
216-217; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*aljón I prep., adv.: Goth alja 'but, 
excepť, ON ella 'odierwise, else'. Derived 
from *aljaz. Similar with Gk á^Aá 'buť, 
Arm ail 'but (rauier)'. Feist 37; Frisk I 
76-77; Lehmann GED 27. 

*aljón II sb.f: ON elja 'concubine', MDu 
elle 'rival', OHG ella 'concubine'. Derived 
irom *alja Z . Vries ANEW 100. 

*alk6n sb.f: ON alka 'sea bird, alca, awk', 



alkon 



16 



aluf) 



OE ealce id. Of unknown origin. Lidén 
AMF XIII 30-31 (to Lat olor Wan'); 
Torp-Falk 22; Holthausen AEE]V 83; 
Vries ANE]V 6 (samé as Lidén). 

*alla-berxtaz adj.: ON all-bjartr 'very 
brighť, OE eall-beorht id. Compound of 
*allaz and *berxtaz. Carr JVom. cořn/f. 63. 

*alla-kaldaz adj.: ON all-kaldr 'very colď, 
OE eal-ceald id. Compound of *allaz and 
*kaliaz. Carr JVbm. com/i. 63. 

*al(l)a-walčtančlz sb.m.: Goth all-waldands 
'ruler, almighty', OS ala-waldand id., 
MHG al-waltende id. Participial form of a 
compound based on *alaz or *attaz and 
*waldanan. A calque from Lat omnipotens 
or Gk TtavTOKpáxtop cannot be excluded. 
Feist 40; Carr Mam. comp. 57; Seebold 
KZ LXXXII 79 (extension of *al(l)a- 
waliaz ~ *al(l)a-waldarí); Lehmann GED 
29. 

*al(l)a-wěrjaz adj.: ON ql-vierr 'friendly, 
hospitable', OE adv. eal-wer-líce 'liberally, 
freely', MLG al-wár 'foolish', OHG ala- 
wari 'friendly, hospitable, benign'. Cf. 
also Goth allawerei 'simplicity, sincerity, 
total gareemenť Compound of *alazor, 
*attaz and *wěrjaz. Carr JVom. comp. 62; 
Vries AJÍEW 687; Seebold IF LXXVIII 
146-162; Keuge-Seebold 25. 

*allaz adj.: Goth alb 'alf, ON allr id., 
OE eall id., OFris alle, al id., OS al id., 
OHG al id. Continues *alnaz derivation- 
ally close to Ose allo 'all', Olr uile id. 
(Untermann ZF LXIII 241-245). Further 
connected with *alaz. Kuhn K£ I 
516; Meillet RG XXI 38 (from *alos 
with a secondary geminate); Torp-Falk 
21; Holthausen AEEW 84; Walde- 
Hofmann II 206-207; Feist 40, 579; 
Martinet Gém. 176; Pokorný I 24-25; 
Vendryes 0-21; Fraenkel 7 (no connec- 
tion with Lidi aliái 'every, all'); Dzhau- 
kian SG 41 (to Arm amb-oij 'all' < *oli-); 
Vries ANEW 7; Vendryes U-17-18; 
Onions 25; Seebold 76; Lehmann GED 
29; Lloyd-Springer I 129-131; Bammes- 
berger JVom. 228, 246; Kluge-Seebold 
27; Ivanov Proč. IX UCLA 76; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 



*al(l)un3(5t) adv.: ON qllung-is 'alto- 
gether', OE eallun^a, eallin^a id., OS alung 
id., OHG adj. alang 'whole'. Derived 
from *alaz, *allaz (Hellouist AJVF XI 
348). Holthausen ^££11' 84; Vries 
ANEU 1 686. 

*albanaz ~ *aldenaz adj.: Goth us- 
alpans 'old, infirm', ON aldinn 'olď. 
Participle of the unattested strong vb. 
*alpanan (with analogical -/>- in Gothic). 
See *aljyjaz. Feist 529; Seebold 77—78. 

*albjaz adj.: Goth alfreis 'olď, ON comp. 
elhi 'older'. Identical with Olr altae 'adulť 
(Marstrander Corr. 47). Furdier related 
to *alanan. Schweizer K~^ I 558 (to Lat 
part. altus); Torp-Falk 20; Brugmann 
PBB XLIII 310-324; Karsten NB II 
330-331, 370; Torp-Falk 20; Feist 40; 
Pokorný I 27; Vries AME]\ 7 101; Mas- 
trelli AGIt XLVI 139-147 (Germanic 
tradition of killing the aged); Lehmann 
GED 29-30; Heidermanns 98-99. 

*alunčtaz sb.m.: ON qlnnn 'a kind of fish, 
mackeref, OS alund 'whitefish', OHG 
alunt id. Of unclear origin. Derived from 
*alanan? Loewe PBB LIX 254-255; 
Torp-Falk 558; Holthausen AWN 357 
(to *al3Íz ~ *elxaz ~ *elx5ri); Vries ANE]V 
686-687 (to *al- 'white'); Ktuge-Seebold 
24. 

*alub sb.n.: ON ql 'beer, ale' («M-stem with 
traces of a root stem), OE ealu, ealo id., 
OS alu- (in compounds). Connected with 
or borrowed to OPrus alu 'mead', Lith 
aliis id., Slav *oll> id. Scyth *alut- (cf. 
prop. 'AXoúOayOí; and Osset leluton 'beer') 
from Gmc, indicative of the early chron- 
ology of Germanic contacts wiuh East 
Iranian (from where NCauc *'VlVdwV 
'beer'). Grg ludi, dial. aludi id. is also 
from Gmc but hardly via Iranian. Kuhn 
K~ XV 313-314; Sie\tlrs PBB X 449; 
Torp-Falk 21; Hirt PBB XXIII 336; 
Bůga KS 64-66, 70 (Balt and Slav bor- 
rowed from Gmc); Kiparsky Lehnw. 
78—80; Holthausen AEE]V 84; Specht 
195-196; Abaev OJaF 338-339; Po- 
korný I 33-34 (related to Lat alúta 'a 
kind of soft leather'); Fraenkel 8—9; 



aluf) 



17 



ananan 



Vries ANEW 686; Zalizniak I 221; 
Onions 24; Stang LS 13; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 132^133; Bammesberger 
Nom. 215; Nikolayev-Starostin NCED 
224. 

*alub-foankiz sb.m./f.: ON ol-bekkr 'ale- 
bench', OE ealu-bem id. Compound of 
*«/h^ and *iankiz. Garr jVbm. comp. 55. 

*alub-xúsan sb.n.: ON ql-hús 'ale-house', 
OE ealu-hús id. Compound of *alup and 
*xúsan. Carr Nom. comp. 82 (parallel 
formations). 

*aluz sb.m.: ON obr 'alder', OE alor id. 
Variant of *alizó ~ *alisd. Holthausen 
AEEW 3; Pokorný I 302; Vries ANEW 
686; Zalizniak II 214. 

*ammón sb.f: ON amma 'grandmother', 
MDu amme 'nanny', OHG amma id. A 
Lallwort typical of many otírer languages 
cf. Gk a\i\iá. 'mother'. Torp-Falk 16; 
Vries ANEW 8; Lloyd-Springer I 
205-206; Keuge-Seebold 33-34. 

*ampraz adj.: ON apr 'cold, sharp', MDu 
amper 'sour, sharp'. Probably from an ear- 
lier *amraz. Related to Skt amlá- 'sour' < 
*omiro- Lat amárus 'bitter'. Johansson IF 
III 240; Torp-Falk 16; Karsten NB II 
256-257; Walde-Hofmann I 35; Mayr- 
hofer I 46; Pokorný I 778; Vries 
ANEW 11; Lloyd-Springer I 207-209; 
Heidermanns 99—1 00; Kluge-Seebold 
35. 

*amsaz sb.m.: Goth ams 'shoulder'. 
Related to Hitt an(aš)ša 'part of the back', 
Toch A es, B antse 'shoulder', Skt ámsa- 
id., Arm us id., Gk mnó? id. (wiťh lengťh- 
ening of the root vowel), Lat umerus id., 
Slav *qst> 'mustache' continuing IE *omsos 
~ *omesos (Laohman apud Aufrecht K£ I 
283-4). Torp-Falk 16-17; Schrader- 
Nehring I 636; Walde-Hofmann II 815; 
Feist 40—41; Mayrhofer I 14; Pokorný 
I 778; Vries ANEW 16; Frisk II 1148; 
Zalizniak I 129; Trubaohev Etim. 1970 
13-14; Lehmann GED 30; Ad ams TB 
43-44. 

*amsl5n sb.f.: OE osle 'blackbirď, OHG 
amsla id. Usually connected with Lat 
menda id. and Celt *mesalka or *misalka > 



W mwyalch id. (Fick I 515). On the other 
hand, the Germanic word appears to be 
a transparent derivative of *amsaz (a bird 
with a distincdy colored back?). Peder- 
sen Kelt. Gr. I 73; Torp-Falk 16; Suo- 
lahti DVN 54-55; Holthausen AEEW 
243; Walde-Hofmann II 77-78; Po- 
korný I 35-36; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
101; Onions 636; Hamp IF LXXXVII 
77-79; Lloyd-Springer I 212-213; 
Kluge-Seebold 35. 

*an ptcl.: Goth an 'so, then'. Similar to Lat 
particle an 'or', Gk av. Torp-Falk 11; 
Walde-Hofmann I 44; Feist 41; Po- 
korný I 37; Lehmann GED 30 (unrelated 
to Gk civ). 

*ana(i) prep.: Gotíi ana 'on account of, ať, 
ON á 'on, upon', OE on id., OFris a 'to, 
in, ať, OS an id., OHG ana, an id. 
Related to Av ana 'through, along', Gk 
(Ion-Att) ava 'on' (Schmidt Studien 203— 
207). Bartholomae 112-114; Torp- 
Falk 11; Holthausen AEEW 4; Feist 
41; Pokorný I 39-40; Vries ANEW 1; 
Frisk I 100; Onions 627; Lehmann GED 
30; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*an(a)m5n sb.f: OFris omma 'breath'. 
Close to Gk av£|io<; 'winď, Lat animus 
'spirit, soul', Olr anim id. For further con- 
nections see *ananan. Pedersen Kelt. Gr. 
I 170, 240; Walde-Hofmann I 49-50; 
Pokorný I 38; Frisk I 105; Lehmann 
GED 388; Adams TB 40-42 (Toch A 
dňcdm, B áňme 'wish, šelf, soul' as a con- 
flation of *etmen and *ammo-); Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

* ananan str.vb.: Goth uz-anan 'to breatíre 
out, to expire'. Related to Toch B anask- 
'to inhale, to breathe', Skt ániti 'to 
breathe' and further to Toch AB áňm- 
'life, spirit', Gk aveiiog 'breath', Lat 
animus 'soul' anima 'air, winď, Slav *vonb 
'smell'. The participle in *-to- is reflected 
in OE neut. or-od 'breath, breathing' < 
*-anpan identical with Gk avxai' ave- 
HOi, ávxac; -nvoiág, Hes. Torp-Falk 10; 
Walde-Hofmann I 49-50; Feist 538; 
Holthausen AEE]V 242; Mayrhofer I 
33-34; Pokorný I 38-39; Frisk I 105; 



ananan 



ancion 



Seebold 78-79; Vasmer-Trubaohev I 
349; Lehmann GED 385; Bammesberger 
Mom. 77; Adams TB 12; Burlak IFTJa 
237. 

*anda prep.: Goth and 'throughout, from 
one side to the other', ON and- 'opposite, 
againsť, OE and- id., OS and- id., OHG 
ant- id. dosely related to Gk óívxa 'oppo- 
site', Lith aňt 'on, in order to'. Cf. comp. 
Goth andiz-uh 'either', ON endr, enn 'in 
times of yore, again', OE énd 'formerly, of 
olď, OS endi 'earlier', MHG end id. For 
further connections see *anijaz. Torp- 
Falk 13; Lindouist SMF rX/1 6; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 5, 90; Feist 46, 50; 
Pokorný I 49; Fraenkel 11, IF XL 
88-90; Vries AMEW 9, 102; Frisk I 
112-113; Schmidt Studiem 310- 315 (to 
*an followed by *-ta, *-ti); Lehmann GED 
34, 37. 

*andbaxtaz sb.m.: Goth andbahts 'serv- 
ant', ON ambátt 'bondwoman' (> *and- 
baxto), OE ambeht 'servant', OHG ambaht 
id. If Goth -nd- is due to analogy with the 
prefix and-, an alternativě reconstruction 
*ambaxtaz is more accep table. Borrowed 
from Celt *amb(i)-aktos: Gaul-Lat ambactus 
'servant' W amaeth 'servus arans' (Arbois 
de Jubainville MSL VII 289-290). 
Zeyss ZfceltPh III 353, 374 (on the substi- 
tution of Celt amb- with Gmc *and-)\ 
Brugmann IF XLX 390 (on the structure 
of the Celtic word); Torp-Falk 1 3; Hol- 
thausen AEE\V 3; Feist 48-49; Walde- 
Hofmann I 36-37; Vries ANEW 8; 
Benveniste IEL 110—111; Lehmann GED 
36; Lloyd-Springer I 195—196; Kluge- 
Seebold 35—36. 

*ančtfoaxt(j)an sb.n.: Goth andbahti 'serv- 
ice', ON embiétti id., OE ambiht 'ofFice, 
ministry, service', OS ambaht 'service', 
OHG ambaht id., ambahti id. Derived from 
*andbaxtaz. Torp-Falk 13; Holthausen 
AEEW 3; Feist 48-49; Vries AMEW 
102; Zalizniak II 214; FLluge- Seebold 
35-36. 

*andi conj.: ON en, enn 'and', OE and id., 
OFris and, anda id., MDu enn id. A full 
grade of the conjunction originally re- 



flecting *nte. Cf. Skt ánti 'before, near', 
átha 'then, now' (if from *nt-), Gk ávxí 
'over againsť. See *unpi. Torp-Falk 
13-14; Holthausen AEEW 5; May- 
rhofer I 28 (against the connection with 
Skt); Pokorný I 50; Vries AMEW 102; 
Frisk I 113-114; Onions 36; Kluge- 
Seebold 847; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*anái-lausaz adj.: Godr andi-laus 'end- 
less', ON enda-lauss id., OE ende-leás 'infi- 
nite, eternal', OS endi-los 'endless', MHG 
ende-los id. Compound of *andjaz and 
*lausaz. Feist 50; Carr Mom. comp. 88 
(parallel formations); Lehmann GED 229. 

*anájaz sb.m.: Goth andeis 'enď, ON endir 
id., OE ende id., OFris enda, ende id., OS 
endi id., OHG neut. enti id. Based on IE 
adv. *anti 'opposite' (Skt ánti 'before, 
near', Gk ávxí, see also *anda). Cf. in 
particular Skt antya- 'lasť, Gk ávxíoi; 
'opposite'. Cf. also *anpjan > ON enni 
'foreheaď with a different stress. Torp- 
Falk 13; Holthausen AEEW 90; Feist 
49; Walde-Hofmann I 54; Mayrhofer I 
35-36; Pokorný I 48-50; Vries AMEW 
102-103; Frisk I 113-114; Zalizniak II 
165; Onions 313; Lehmann GED 36; 
Bammesberger Mom. 66; Kíuge-Seebold 
220-221; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*andj5janan wk.vb.: ON enda 'to enď, 
OE endian id., OFris endia id., OS endion, 
endon id., OHG entón id. Derived from 
*anďjaz. Holthausen AEEW 91; Vries 
AMEW 102. 

*anáó sb.f: ON qnd 'porch'. Compared 
with Skt ata 'dooř frame', Lat antae 'pil- 
lars or pilasters on each side of doors' 
(Bugge A^XLX 401). Yet, a comparison 
with *anďjaz is not less attractive. Torp- 
Falk 13; Walde-Hofmann I 52; Mayr- 
hofer I 72; Vries AMEW 687. 

*andójanan wk.vb.: ON anda 'to breathe', 
OE ó&ian 'to blow strongly'. Derived 
from *andón. Holthausen AEEW 243; 
Pokorný I 38; Vries AMEW 9. 

*andón sb.m.: ON andi 'breath', OE anda 
'malice, envy, hatreď, OS ando 'breath', 
OHG anto 'zeal' . Cf. also ON qnd. 'breath' 
< *ando. Derived from *ananan. Structur- 



andon 



an3wiJ)o 



ally similar to Gk avxai' avejim, Hes. 
Torp-Falk 10—11; Holthausen AEEW 
6; Pokorný I 38; Vries ANEW 687; 
Frisk I 113; Zalizniak I 152; Seebold 
78. 

*an3araz sb.m.: OHG angar 'corn worm'. 
May be close to Gk í|ipr|ptc;- ŠY/č^vq, 
Me6u|jvaíoi, Hes. < *eng"(h)eri- and Lith 
ungurýs 'eel' (from *angurys, cf. Otrebski 
LP V 26), OPrus angurgis id., Slav *Qg"brb 
'pimple, maggot, eel' (Trautmann BB 
XXIX 307). Bezzenberger BB II 154; 
Zupitza Gutt. 128; Pokorný I 44; 
Fraenkel 1163; Frisk I 725; Stang LS 
40; Vasmer-Trubachev IV 146-147; 
Toporov PJa I 88-89. 

*an3az sb.m.: ON angr 'grief, sorrow'. 
Originally, a neut. j-stem identical with 
Skt ámhas- 'anxiety, trouble', Lat angor 
'strangling, anguish'. Fick III 12; Torp- 
Falk 12; Unwerth PBB XXXVI 7; 
Walde-Hofmann I 47; Mayrhofer 114; 
Pokorný I 43; Vries ANEIV 10. 

*an3(i)laz sb.m.: ON pl. Englar 'Angles', 
OE Engle id., OHG Angil- (in cmpn.). 
Rendered as Lat Anglii, Gk 'AyyeíXoi. 
Related to *an^on II, *an$ulaz (Lundahl 
Festschr. Sahlgren 2-3). Erdmann SVSU 
1/1 114 (to *an 3 ón); Vries ANEW 102. 

*an3(i)liskaz adj.: ON enskr 'Anglian', OE 
en^lisc id., OFrís engelsk id., MLG engelsch 
id. Derived from *an^(i)laz. Holthau- 
sen AEEW 91; Vries ANEW 103. 

*an3J5 sb.f.: ON eng 'meadow', MDu eng 
'farmlanď. Related to *anjraz. Vries 
ANEW 102; Kluge-Seebold 39. 

*an3Ďn I sb.m.: ON angi 'sweet odor'. 
Close to Arm anjn 'soul' < *anghen- (Lidén 
Arm. St. 38-39). Lagergrantz K£ 
XXXV 274 (to Gk ónqxx- óanr| AáKtůveq); 
Torp-Falk 557; Pokorný I 43; Vries 
ANEW 10. 

*an3Ón II sb.m.: ON angi 'spině, prickle', 
OE an$a 'thorn, sharp point', OHG ango 
'hook, hinge'. Related to Skt áňcati 'to 
bend, to curve', aňká- 'curve, hook', Lat 
uncus 'bent; hook', Gk áyKcóv 'bend of the 
arm, elbow'. Torp-Falk 12; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 6; Walde-Hofmann II 816; 



Mayrhofer I 19, 24; Pokorný I 45-46; 
Vries ANEW 10; Frisk I 11; Zalizniak I 
152. 

*an3raz sb.m.: ON angr 'bay', OS angar 
'meadow', OHG angar id. Derivationally 
close to Lat ancrae 'convalles vel arborum 
intervalla' . Further connected with *an^on 
II. Sutterlin IFXLV 307 (to Gk vréjtri 
'woodland vale'); Torp-Falk 1 2; Walde- 
Hofmann I 61; Pokorný I 46; Vries 
ANEW 10; Lloyd-Sprlnger I 247-249; 
Kluge-Seebold 39. 

*an3ulaz sb.m.: ON qngull 'angle, hook', 
OE an^el 'hook, fishing-hook', MLG angel 
'hinge', OHG angul 'hook, hinge'. Iden- 
tical with Gk (vjKÚXoq 'crookeď. Further 
connections see under *an^dn II. Zu- 
prrzA Gutt. 128; Torp-Falk 12; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 6; Pokorný I 46; Vries 
ANEW 687; Frisk I 11. 

*an3ustiz ~ *an3ustuz sb.f.: OFris 
mase. angst, ongost 'fear', MLG angest id., 
OHG angust id. Derived from *anjuz ~ 
*an3wjaz. Close to Slav *qzostb 'narrow- 
ness' < *anghosti-. Cf. also Lat angustus 
'narrow' < *anghosto-. For further connec- 
tions see *an^az. Schleicher K£ I 143; 
Torp-Falk 12; Walde-Hofmann I 49; 
Pokorný I 43; Lloyd-Springer I 253- 
255; Kluge-Seebold 40; Boutkan OFED 
s.v. 

*an3uz ~ *an3\vjaz adj.: Goth aggwus 
'narrow', ON qngr id. (am-stem), OE enge 
id., OS engi id., OHG engi id. Related to 
Skt amhú- id., Gk ctyx 1 'near', Arm anjuk 
'narrow', Lat *angu- (in angiportus), Slav 
*qz r bk r b id. (Feist Btrg. Gesch. XV 545). 
Karsten NB II 407-408; Zupitza Gutt. 
98; Torp-Falk 12; Feist 13-14; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 91; Walde-Hofmann I 
47; Mayrhofer I 14; Pokorný I 42; 
Vries ANEW 687; Frisk I 17-18; Hei- 
dermanns ££ XCLX 279-280; Vasmer- 
Trubachev IV 154; Lehmann GED 9; 
Bammesberger Nom. 262; Heidermanns 
100-101; Kxuge-Seebold 221. 

*an3\vib5 sb.f: Goth agewifea 'trouble, 
afHiction', OS engitha 'straits', OHG engida 
'oppression, fear'. Derived from *anjuz ~ 



aii3wil)o 



20 



ansaz 



*an3wjaz. Feist 13; Vries ANE]V 682; 
Bammesberger Nom. 117; Heidermanns 
100. 

*an3wjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-aggwjan 'to 
oppress, to constrain', OHG engen 'to 
scare, to press'. Derived from *an^uz ~ 
*anjwjaz. Torp-Falk 12; Feist 174; 
Vries AJÍEW 682; Lehmann GED 9; 
Heidermanns 100. 

*an3w5n sb.m./f.: Goth bals-agga 'neck, 
narrow of the neck' (leg. hals-agga), OHG 
anka 'occipuť. Related to *an^uz ~ 
*an3wjaz. Cf. a similar formation in Gk 
a\iqr\v 'neck, throať. Schrader K£ X 
461 (to Gk čiyyo<; 'pitcher, bucket, vessel'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 89; Feist 242; Pokorný 
42-43; Lehmann GED 175. 

*anxtó sb.f.: OE óht 'fear, terror, hostile 
pursuiť, OFris acht, achte 'hostile pursuiť, 
OHG ahta 'persecution'. Close to Ir écht 
'manslaughter' < *anktu-. Further con- 
nected with *anjuz ~ *aii3wjaz. Torp- 
Falk 558; Holthausen AEESY 241; 
Pokorný I 45 (further to Gk áváyicri 
'force, constraint, necessity'); Lloyd- 
Springer I 118-120; Kluge-Seebold 
12-13. 

*anxulaz sb.m.: ON all 'seed, sprouť. An 
accentual variant of *anjulaz. Derivation- 
ally close to Skt aňkurá- 'sprout, shooť, 
Gk ayK-uAoi; 'crooked, curveď (Falk ANF 
VI 115). See *anxulo. Torp-Falk 12; 
Pokorný I 46; Vries ANEW 6; Frisk 
I 11. 

*anxul5 sb.f: ON ál 'strap, bridle'. De- 
spite a different stress pattern, identical 
with Gk áyKÚXri id. Further related to 
*an,3ulaz, *anxulaz. Torp-Falk 12; Po- 
korný I 46; Vries ANE]V 4; Frisk 111. 

*ankalaz ~ *ank(u)15(n) sb.m./f.: ON 
qkkla 'ankle', OFris onkel id., MDu ankel 
id., OHG ankala id. Cf. also MLG enkel 
id., OHG enkil id. < *ankilaz- Derived 
from *ankon. Structurally similar to Lat 
angulus 'angle' and, Slav *qglb id. Torp- 
Falk 1 1 ; Walde-Hofmann I 48-49; 
Pokorný I 47; Vries ANEW 686; Onions 
38; Vasmer-Trubachev IV 145; Lloyd- 



Springer I 258-261; Kluge-Seebold 
222; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*ankón sb.m.: MHG anke 'scruff, thigh, 
shank'. Related to Skt áňga- 'limb'. A 
further connection with Gk 8i0í>p-a|iPoi; 
'dithyramb' (Frohde BB XXI 195) is 
probable and would imply *ang"o- as a 
source. Mayrhofer I 21; Pokorný I 
46-47; Vries ANEW 99; Frisk I 8. 

*ankwón sb.m.: OHG anko 'butter'. Close 
to Lat unguen 'fatty substance, ointmenť, 
Umbr uměn 'fať, Olr imb 'butter' < 
*ng*en- (Szemerényi Scripta 872-874). 
Cf. also OPrus anctan 'butter' < *ong-- 
t-om. Further connected with Skt anákti 
'to anoinť, Lat unguo id. Torp-Falk 
11; Trautmann BSW 9-10; Walde- 
Hofmann II 819-820; Pokorný I 779; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 1 02; Toporov PJa 
I 91; Bammesberger Nom. 175; Lloyd- 
Springer I 263-265; Kluge-Seebold 41. 

*an5n sb.f: OHG ana 'grandmother'. Cf. 
also OHG ano 'grandfather'. A descrip- 
tive word similar with Hitt aram- 'mother', 
hanna- 'grandmother', Arm han id., Gk 
áwí? - UTlTpoq r\ naxpoc; ht|ttip, Hes., Lat 
anna 'foster-mother', Messap ana 'Ttóxvia', 
OPrus ane 'old woman' . Torp-Falk 1 1 ; 
Walde-Hofmann I 50; Abaev I 148; 
Pokorný I 36; Frisk I 112; Benveniste 
190; Puhvel III 84-86; Lloyd-Springer 
I 215-217; Kluge-Seebold 20. 

*ansaz sb.m.: Goth ans 'beam', ON áss 
'pole, rafter', MHG ans-boum 'beam of a 
bridge'. Related to Lat ansa 'handle', Mír 
pl. éisi 'rein', OPrus ansis 'hook', Lith qsá 
'handle, loop' (Grienberger Got. 27). 
Hoffmann BB XXV 108 (to Skt ána- 
'carť, Lat onus 'burden'); Torp-Falk 14 
(to Olr asna 'rib'); Uhlenbeok PBB XXX 
260-261 (samé as Hoffmann); Meringer 
IF XVIII 26 (to Gk véouai 'to go back, 
to retům'), XXI 302-303, WuS LX 115 
(to *ansiz ~ *ansuz); Torp-Falk 14 (to Lat 
asser 'beam'); Wood JEGP II 213 (to *nsis 
'sword'); Walde-Hofmann I 51—52; Feist 
52; Pokorný I 48; Toporov PJa I 92; 
Lehmann GED 38. 



ansiz 



21 



ap(u)laz 



*ansiz ~ *ansuz sb.m.: Goth-Lat pl. 
anses '(pagan) goď, ON áss id., OE ós id., 
OS as, ós in prop. (a-stem), OHG ansi- 
(in cmpn.). Identical with Skt ásu- 'life, 
vital strength', Av asýiu- id., Venet ahsu- 
'cult image' (Bradke ~DMG XL 347). 
Grimm DM 22 (to *ansaz, in view of wor- 
ship pillars erected to Germanic gods); 
Forsterman KZ I 243; Bartholomae 
283; Torp-Falk 14; Grienberger 
ZDADL XXXVI 313; Meringer IF XVII 
159-160, WuS IX 115 (to *ansaz) 
Gůntert >Veltkónig 102 (follows Bradke) 
Holthausen AEEW 242; Feist 52-53 
Mayrhofer I 65-66; Vries ANEW 16 
Polome EG VIII 36-44; Pokorný I 48 
Zaeizniak II 198; Lehmann GED 38-39. 

*ansjó sb.f.: ON es 'outer border, edge (of 
a shoe)', MLG ose 'loop, sling'. Derived 
from *ansaz. Identical with Gk fivía 
'bridle, reins' (Persson Beitrdge 5; Falk 
MVA 1919 131). Torp-Falk 14; Walde 
Festschr. Streitberg 153-154; Walde- 
Hofmann I 51-52; Pokorný I 48; 
Fraenkel 18; Vries ANEW 681; Frisk 
I 637. 

*anstiz sb.f.: Goth ansts 'beneficence, gra- 
ciousness, grace', ON ást 'love, affection', 
OE ést 'will, consent, fa vor, grace', OFris 
enst 'favor, grace', OS anst id., OHG anst 
id. Derived from *unnanan. Schweizer 
KZ I 143; Torp-Falk 14; Feist 53; 
Pokorný I 47; Vries ANEW 16; Zaliz- 
niak II 228; Seebold 79; Lehmann GED 
39; Bammesberger Nom. 144. 

*anstjanan wk.vb.: ON esta 'to demand, 
to ask', MHG ensten 'to be kinď. Derived 
from *anstiz. Vries ANEW 681. 

*anbera-líkaz adj.: Goth adv. anpar-leiko 
'differently, otherwise', OS óóar-lík id., 
OE adv. óůer-liee. Compound of *anperaz 
and *likaz. Feist 54; Lehmann GED 40. 

*anperaz adj.: Goth anpar 'other', ON 
annarr id., OE úder id., OFris other id., OS 
ódar id., OHG ander id. Identical with Skt 
ántara- 'other', Av antara- id., Ose anter id., 
OPrus antars 'other', Lith aňtras, aňtaras 
id., Slav *vbtorb 'seconď. Metllet Etudes 



407; Torp-Falk 13; Schulz Z mv í x 
157; Holthausen AEEW 243; Feist 53; 
Mayrhofer I 35; Pokorný I 37; 
Fraenkel 12; Vries ANEW 10; Lehmann 
GED 39; Lloyd-Springer I 241-242; 
Ross-Berns Mumerals 625; Kluge- 
Seebold 38; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*anucfiz ~ anidiz sb.f: ON qnd 'duck' 
(traces of a root stem), OE ened id., OS 
anud, anad id., OHG anut, enita id. Related 
to Skt dtí- 'aquatic birď, Gk víjesesa 
'duck', Lat anas id., Lith ántis id., Slav *qty 
id. Schmidt KZ XXIII 268-270; Suo- 
lahti DFV420; Torp-Falk 11; Meillet 
MSL VIII 236; Holthausen AEEW 91; 
Walde-Hofmann I 44—45; Mayrhofer I 
72-73; Pokorný I 41-42; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 59; Fraenkel 11-12; Vries 
ANEW 687; Frisk II 317-318; Zalizniak 
II 205; Onions 288; Vasmer-Trubaghev 
IV 174; Hamp KZ Cil 29-31; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 202-203 (reconstructs *anpz); 
Kluge-Seebold 222-223. 

*apalďraz ~ *apuldró sb.m./f: ON 
apaldr 'apple-tree' OE neut. (?) apulder, 
apuldor id. OS apuldra id., MHG apfalter 
id. Derived from *ap(u)laz with sufnx 
*-dhro-. Torp-Falk 14—15; Holthausen 
AEEU'6; Pokorný I 2; Zalizniak II 182; 
Vries ÁNE]V 1 1 ; Kluge-Seebold 17-18. 

*apón sb.m.: ON api 'ape', OE apa id., OS 
apo id., OHG ajfo id. Borrowed from 
Celtic, cf, áf5p'ívaq [se. áPfSívaq] ■ KeAxoi 
tovc, KepKOTuOfiKOUc;, Hes. Forsterman 
KZ I 496 (to Skt kápí- 'monkey', Gk kíjjioi; 
'long-tailed monkey'); Torp-Falk 14 (to 
Slav *opica 'ape' which, however, is from 
Gmc); Holthausen AEEW 6; Pokorný I 
2-3; Vries AMEJť 11; Zalizniak I 153; 
Onions 42; Lloyd-Springer I 58—59; 
Kluge-Seebold 17. 

*ap(u)laz sb.m.: Crim. Goth apel 'apple', 
ON apal-grár 'dapple-gray', OE tzppel 
'apple', OFris appel id., OS appul id., 
OHG apful id. (< *ap(u)liz). Related to 
Gaul avallo 'pomma', Olr ubull 'apple' < 
*ablu-, Lith obuolys id., Slav *abl"bko id. 
(Fick BB II 195). Torp-Falk 14; Feist 



ap(u)laz 



22 



arcíaz 



54, 579; Hoops Waldbdume 477-479; 
Holthausen AEE1 V 11; Lané Language 
IX 251 (on Celtic words); Pokorný I 
1—2; Chemodanov SGGJa I 63-64; Vries 
AJfEW 103; Bůga I 433; Zalizniak II 
214; Fraenkel I 515; Onions 44; Hamp 
ZfceltPh XXXVII 164 (from non-IE 
*ablu); Adams IF XL 79-82 (against 
Hamp); Trubachev ESSJa I 44-47; 
Ivanov-Gamkrelidze 637-641 (to Hitt 
šamluuanza id.); Lloyd-Springer I 60-63, 
298-301; Lehmann GED 40; Kluge- 
Seebold 46—47. 

*arbai<tiz sb.f.: Goth arbaips 'work, labor', 
OFris arbě(i)d id., OS arběth id., OHG 
arbeit id. An unusual derivatíve of *arbaz. 
Probably, a compound of *arbaz and 
•ťítí. Kirchhoff KZ I 39; Grienber- 
ger Goten 27-28 (to *arjanan); Bezzen- 
berger BB XXVII 150; Pedersen KZ 
XXXVI 94; Brugmann IF XLX 384 
(deverbative from the unattested *arbějo)\ 
Torp-Falk 19; Uhlenbeck PBB XVI 
562; Meringer ZFXVII 128 (compound 
of *arbho- 'plow-animal' and *i-ti- 'walk, 
treaď); Feist 55; Kronasser HS 170 (to 
Lith dárbas 'work'); Pokorný I 782; 
Zalizniak II 214; Stang LS 44; Lehmann 
GED 40-41; Lloyd-Springer I 313-318; 
Kluge-Seebold 50. 

*arbaiďjan sb.n.: ON erfiSi 'toil, labor', 
OE earfoů 'hardship, trouble', OS arběthi 
'toil, labor', OHG fem. arbeiti id. Derived 
from *arbautiz. Holthausen AEEW 86; 
Pokorný I 782; Vries AMEW 103-104; 
Zalizniak II 214; Lehmann GED 40-41. 

*arbaidójanan wk.vb.: ON ejfiSa 'to toil, 
to labor', OE eatfodiaii 'to to trouble', 
OHG arbeiton 'to tormenť. Derived from 
*arbaidiz. Lorp-Falk 19. 

*arbaz sb.m.: ON arjř 'inheritance'. Re- 
lated to Olr orb(b)e id. Further connected 
with Skt arbha- 'littie, weak, young', Gk 
opepavóq 'orphaneď, Lat orbus 'bereaved, 
parendess', Slav *orb"b 'slavě'. Kirch- 
hoff K'Z I 39; Sievers PBB XII 1 76-177; 
Torp-Falk 19; Meringer IF XVII 128; 
Wood MLJV XXI 39 (to Skt arpáyati 'to 



put into, to fix'); Peterson PBB XL 
97-101; Walde-Hofmann II 219-220; 
Feist 56; Porzig Gliederung 121-122; 
Pokorný I 781; Vries AMEW 13; Frisk 

II 431; Zalizniak II 214; Benveniste 
68-70; Vasmer-Trubachev III 453; 
Gronvik Inheritance passim; Lehmann 
GED 41; Bammesberger Mom. 53. 

*arbjan sb.n.: Goth arbi 'inheritance, herit- 
age', ON erfi 'wake, funeral feasť, OE 
erfe 'inheritance', OFris erve id., OS erbi 
id., OHG erbi id. Close to Olr orbfbje id. 
Derived from *arbaz. Arbois de Jubain- 
ville MSL VII 286-288 (from Celtic); 
Torp-Falk 19; Meringer IF XVII 128 
(to *arjanan); Holthausen AEE]\ t 186; 
Feist 56; Porzig Gliederung 121-122 
(from Celtic); Pokorný I 781; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 96; Vries AMEW 12-13, 
103; Zalizniak II 214; Benveniste IEL 
68-70; Lehmann GED 41; Bammesberger 
Mom. 53, 66; Kluge-Seebold 227; Bout- 
kan OFED s.v. 

*arbjanan ~ *arbjójanan wk.vb.: ON 
erfa 'to honor with a funeral feasť, OE 
irfan 'to inheriť, OFris ervia id., OS gi- 
ervan id., OHG ir-erben id. Derived from 
*arbjan. Structurally close to Slav *orbiti 
'to work'. Holthausen AEE]\ r 186; 
Vries AME]V 103; Vasmer-Trubachev 

III 487; Boutkan OFED s.v. 
*arbja-wardaz sb.m.: ON erfi-vqrSr, arf- 

vqror 'heir', OE irfe-weard 'guardian of an 
inheritance, heir', OS erbi-ward 'heir'. 
Compound of *afb~jan and *wardaz. 
Carr Mom. comp. 47. 

*arbjón sb.m.: Goth arbja 'heir, inheritor', 
ON arfi id. (a-stem), OE ierja id., OFris 
ewa id., MLG erve id., OHG erbo id. 
Related to *arbjan. Structurally close to 
Gaul PN Orbms (Vendryes 0-27). 
Torp-Falk 19; Holthausen AEEW 186; 
Feist 56; Porzig Gliederung 121; Pokorný 
I 781; Vries AMEW 12-13; Zalizniak II 
214; Lehmann GED 41-42; Szemerényi 
Festschr. Meid 359-368; Kluge-Seebold 
227-228; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*arčtaz adj.: ON ein-arSr 'firm, single', OE 



arčtaz 



23 



arma-bii3on 



sbst. eard 'statě, condition', MDu sbst. aert 
'kind, situation', MHG sbst. art 'kinď. 
Related to Skt rtá- 'right, true', Av aša- 
'truth, righť, Arm ard 'structure', Gk 
ánaptíj 'togedrer, at once', Lat artus 
'fitted, close, strait, narrow'. Bartho- 
lomae 229-238; Torp-Falk 17; Walde- 
Hofmann I 70; Mayrhofer I 122; 
Pokorný I 57; Frisk I 87; Kluge- 
Seebold 54. 

*arčtiz ~ *arbiz sb.f.: ON qrd 'crop, 
produce', OE ird 'plowing, tilling, crop, 
produce', OFris raef-erd 'plowing off 
boundaries', OHG art 'plowed land, 
yielď. Derivative of *arjanan. Torp-Falk 
18; Holthausen AEE]\ t 187; Pokorný I 
62; Vries ANE1V 688; Zalizniak I 150; 
Seebold 82; Lloyd-Sprtnger I 347-349; 
Bammesberger Nom. 144; Kluge-Seebold 
54-55. 

*ar3az adj.: Burg *args 'cowardly, mean', 
ON argr 'emasculate, effeminate', OE earj 
'inert, weak, timid, cowardly', OFris erch 
'evil, wrong', MLG arch 'angry, evil', 
OHG arg 'greedy, cowardly, worthless'. 
Related to Lith aržús, eržiis 'salacious, 
lecherous' (Buga Aist. st. 1 1 9), further to 
Hitt ark- 'to climb, to cover', Gk ópxéo- 
ucu 'to dance, to jump'. Karsten jVB I 
49; Weisweiler IF XLI 16-18; Sůtter- 
lin IF XLV 307 (to Skt rhánt- 'small'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 208; Torp-Falk 19; Holt- 
hausen AEE1V 85; Loewenthal PBB 
1AN 157 (to Gk ápxóq 'rectum, anus'); 
Pokorný I 339; Vries ANEW 13 (to 
Toch AB erkát 'depreciatory'); Fraenkel 
123-124; Frisk II 433; Krause SUR 58; 
Lloyd-Springer I 321-324; Puhvel 
Festschr. Risch 154—155; Heidermanns 
102-103; Kluge-Seebold 51 (to Gk 6p%\q 
'scrotum'); Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*ar3Ín sb.f.: ON ergi 'lewdness, lusť, OHG 
argl 'negligence, greeď. Derived from *ar- 
3az. Vries ANEW 104; Heidermanns 102. 

*ar3Janan wk.vb.: ON ergjask 'to become 
a cowarď, MHG gi-ergen 'to spoil, to 
destroy'. Derived from *ar$az. Heider- 
manns 103. 



*arxwo sb.f.: ON qr 'arrow', OE earh id., 
Cf. also Gouh artvaz-na id. based on an 
old í-stem. Close to Lat arcus 'arch, bow'. 
Torp-Falk 18-19; Holthausen AEEh' 
85; Walde-Hofmann I 64; Feist 56; 
Pokorný I 67; Chemodanov SGGJa I 87; 
Vries ANE]\ t 688; Lehmann GED 42; 
Bammesberger Nom. 115. 

*ar(i)baz sb.m.: OS erida id. Continues 
*ars-to- morphologically different from 
ťfie usual *ars-tro- id.: Arm araur, Gk apo- 
xpov, Lat aratrum (Kuhn Kž^ LXXI 141). 
See *arjanan. Mertnger IF XVII 121- 
122; Walde-Hofmann I 62; Pokorný I 
62; Vries AJÍEW 12; Frisk I 147. 

*arjanan str./wk.vb.: Goth arjan 'to plow', 
ON erja id., OE erian id., OFris era id., 
OS erian id., OHG erren id. Identical 
with Mír airim id., Lith ariu, árti id., Slav 
*orjq, *orati id. Further connected with Gk 
ápóco id., Lat aró id. Persson Beitrdge 
659, 669; Torp-Falk 18; Holthausen 
AEE]V 94; Walde-Hofmann I 69; Feist 
56-57; Specht KZ LVI 29; Belardi RL 
II 193-195; Jóhannesson IEW 34-35; 
Pokorný I 62-63; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
62; Fraenkel 17; Vries AMEW 104; 
Frisk I 147-148; Onions 297; Seebold 
81-83; Vasmer-Trubachev III 148-149; 
Lehmann GED 42; Matzel Festschr. 
Rosenfeld 455-468. 

*arjaz adj.: Run nom. pl. superl. atjosteR 
'noble'. Related to Skt aryá- 'lord, master 
of the house', Av airyo Aryan', Ir aire, 
airech 'swain, suitor' (Krause FF X 2 1 7— 
218; Run. 539). Bartholomae 198; 
Mayrhofer I 52; Pokorný I 67; Vries 
AME]V 13; Palmer Gedenkschr. Gůntert 
11-19; Heidermanns 103— 104. 

*arma-bau3az sb.m.: ON arm-baugr 'arm- 
leť, OE earm-béa3 id., MLG arm-bog id., 
OHG arm-boug id. Compound of *armaz 
and *bau3az. Carr Nom. comp. 46. 

*arma-tau3on sb.m.: ON alm-bogi 'elbow', 
Swed arm-bage id., OFris arm-boga. Com- 
pound of *armaz and *bu3ó~n. Probably, 
influenced by *alina-bu3on. Carr Nom. 
comp. 46. 



arma-xertaz 



24 



arnuz 



* arma-xertaz adj.: Goth arma-hairts 
'merciful, compassionate', OE earm-heort 
id., OHG arm-herz id. Calque of Lat 
misericors id. (Raumer Einwirk. 345). Com- 
pound of *armaz II and *xerton. Kluge 
Btrg. Gesch. XXXV 148-149, 159; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 86; Feist 57; Carr j\C 
3-4 (OHG < Goth); Beck ^dPh XCVIII 
109-129; Lehmann GED 42-43; Kluge- 
Seebold 82. 

*arma-xertibó sb.f.: Goth arma-hairtipa 
'mercy, charity', OHG arm-herzida id. 
Calque of Lat misericordia id. (Raumer 
Einwirk. 345). Gf. '"arma-xertaz. Feist 57; 
Lehmann GED 43. 

*arma-xertín sb.f.: Goth arma-hairtei 
'mercy, compassion', OHG arm-herzí id. 
Calque of Lat misericordia id. (Raumer 
Einwirk. 345). Gf. '"arma-xertaz. Feist 57; 
Lehmann GED 43. 

*arma-líkaz adj.: ON arm-ligr 'pitifuF, 
OE earm-líc 'miserable, wretcheď, OS 
arm-lik id., OHG armi-lih id. Derived 
from *armaz. Heidermanns 104. 

*armaz I sb.m.: Goth arms 'arm' (from 
*armiz), ON armr id., OE earm id., OFris 
erm, arm id., OS arm id., OHG arm id. 
Related to Skt Irma- id., Av anmo id., Lat 
armus 'upper part of the arm', Gaul arama 
'fork', OPrus irtno 'arm' and in particular, 
with the samé ablaut grade, Slav *ormi 
'shoulder' (Kirchhoff KZ I 39). Buga 
Aist. (adds Lith pl. armaí 'bars holding the 
front shaft of a carť which is, however, 
from dial. German); Bartholomae 197; 
Torp-Falk 18; Holthausen AEEW 86; 
Waede-Hofmann I 69; Feist 58; Mayr- 
hoeer I 96; Pokorný I 58; Fraenkel 
16; Vries ANEW 14; Zalizniak II 185; 
Onions 50; Vasmer-Trubaohev III 
440-441; Hamp JIES X 187-189; 
Lehmann GED 43; Lloyd-Springer I 
331-333; Kluge-Seebold 52; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*armaz II adj.: Goth arms 'poor, pitiable, 
miserable', ON armr id., OE earm id., 
OFris erm 'poor', OS arm id., OHG arm 
'poor, powerless'. Probably continues 
*arímaz derived from *artaz (Johansson 



PBB XV 223-224; Wood MiJVXXI 39). 
On the other hand, cf. Skt armaka- 'ruins' 
based on the unattested adj . *arma- (Hum- 
bach Festschr. Knobloch 189-193; Beck- 
Strunk Festschr. Eggers 40), Hitt arman- 
'sickness' (Ivanov Etimologija 1979 131). 
Fick III 24 (to Gk épřj|jo<; 'desolate, 
lonely'); Meillet MSL X 280 (to Arm 
ol-orm 'pity'); Lorp-Falk 19; Feist 57—58; 
Holthausen AEEW 86; Weisweiler IF 
XLI 304-329; Mezger KZ LXXVI 
178- 180 (to Hitt arahza- 'outside, all 
arounď); Specht 264 (samé as 
Johansson); Vries ANESV 14; Solta 
427-428 (follows Meillet); Beck-Strunk 
Festschr. Eggers 18—41 (to Lith irti 'to fall 
apart, to dissolve'); Reiter TjBalk XIII 
133-138; Puhvel 157-160; Lehmann 
GED 43; Lloyd-Springer I 333-335; 
Bammesberger Nom. 71 (to Gk rípGpov 
'joinť), 244; Kluge-Seebold 52—53; 
Heidermanns 104-105; Boutkan OFED 
s.v. 

*arměnan wk.vb.: Goth arman 'to háve 
mercy, to pity', OS part. gi-armod 'poor, 
needy', OHG arměn 'to become poor'. 
Derived from *armaz 'poor', probably a 
calque of Lat misemi (Kluge Btig. Gesch. 
XXXV 159). Feist 57; Lehmann GED 
43; Heidermanns 104. 

*armjanan wk.vb.: ON erma 'to keep 
unhappy', OE irman 'to make miserable, 
to aínicť. Derived from *armaz II. 
Holthausen AEEW 186; Vries ANEW 
104; Heidermanns 104. 

*arniz adj.: Goth adv. arniba 'certainly', 
ON ern 'brisk, vigorous'. Related to Skt 
árna- 'undulating, surging' and further to 
máti 'to arise, to move', Gk opvujn 'to set 
into motion' (Bartholomae Z^Kf VI 
355). Torp-Falk 17; Brugmann IF 
XLX 384; Feist 58; Pokorný I 328 
Vries ANEW 105; Frisk II 422-424: 
Onions 297; Lehmann GED 43-44: 
Heidermanns 105. 

*arnuz ~ arnaz sb.m.: ON qrn 'eagle', 
OE earn id., OS aru id. (in prop.), OHG 
arn id. (f-stem). Based on *aron. Struc- 
turally similar to Gk opvit; 'birď, opveov 



arnuz 



25 



aseluz 



id. Holthausen AEE] V 86; Pokorný I 
326; Frisk II 421-422; Vries ANEW 
688; Zalizniak II 220; Onions 324. 

*aron sb.m.: Goth ara 'eagle', ON ari id., 
OS aro id., OHG aro id. Related to Hitt 
harafn)- id., Gk opvii; 'birď, Bret er 
'eagle', cf. also Lith erělis, arelis id., Slav 
*orbl"b id. Meillet Etudes 418; Torp- 
Falk 17; Suolahti DVN 345-352; 
Trautmann BSW 13; Feist 54-55; Po- 
korný I 325-326; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
111; Fraenkel 122, R'Z LVIII 285-287; 
Vries AMEW 13; Frisk II 421-422; 
Zalizniak II 220; Onions 324; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 150-151; Lehmann GED 
40; Bammesberger Nom. 1 76; Puhvel III 
137-139; Lloyd-Springer I 341-344; 
Kluge-Seebold 2. 

*arsaz sb.m.: ON ars 'behind, backside', 
OE ears id., OS ars id., OHG ars id. 
Related to Gk oppoq id., Arm oř, pl. ořk', 
continuing IE *orsos, cf. also Olr err 'tail' 
< *ersa. Pedersen Kelt. Gr. II 101; 
Torp-Falk 20; Holthausen AEE]V 86; 
Pokorný I 340; Vries ANE][ t 14; Frisk 
II 427; Zalizniak I 129; Lloyd-Springer 
I 345-346; Bammesberger Nom. 54; 
Kluge-Seebold 54. 

*artjanan wk.vb.: ON erta 'to taunt, to 
tease'. Identical widi Skt ardáyati 'to make 
flow' (causative of árdati, rdáti 'to flow, 
to dissolve'), Lith ardýti 'to untie, to 
unstitch'. Torp-Falk 19; Marstrander 
apud Vries ANEW 105 (to *ar^az)\ 
Mayrhofer 151; Pokorný I 63 (to Olr 
aird 'point, top'), 329-330; Fraenkel 
15-16; Vries ANEl\ r 105. 

*art5n sb.f.: ON arta 'teal, Anas quer- 
quedula', OE earte 'wagtail'. Probably 
connected with *artjanan. Similarity with 
Lat ardea 'heron', Gk épq)8ióg, ptoSiót; 
id. may be deceptive. Torp-Falk 19; 
Holthausen AEE]V 86; Walde-Hof- 
mann I 64; Pokorný I 68; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 59; Vries ANEW 15; Frisk I 
572-573. 

*arbraz sb.m.: ON aršr 'plow', Close to 
Gk apoxpov id., Olr arathar id., Lat ará- 
trum id. Further connected with *aijanan. 



Torp-Falk 18; Walde-Hofmann I 62; 
Frisk I 147; Bammesberger Nom. 86. 

*arutaz sb.m.: OS arut 'piece of ore', 
OHG aruz 'ore, piece of ore, lump of 
clay'. OHG meanings indicate an origi- 
nál word for marsh iron and contradict 
the popular hypothesis of an old borrow- 
ing going back to Sum urudu 'copper' 
(despite Karsten Germanen 196). Probably 
related to *erwon, cf. Slav *želězo '(marsh) 
iron' ~ *žel(e)za 'glanď. Torp-Falk 18; 
Ipsen IF XLI 1 74-1 75; Lloyd-Springer 
I 355-358; Kluge-Seebold 232; Truba- 
ghev VJa XXXIII/5 7-8. 

*arfon sb.m.: ON aifi 'chickweeď, OE earje 
'tare', EFris alf, arve 'vetch'. Borrowed 
from an unknown source as well as Lat 
eruutn 'vetch, pea', Gk opo(3o<; 'bitter 
vetch' (Hoops Waldbáume 463). Walde- 
Hofmann I 419- 420; Vries AMEW 13. 

*arwaz adj.: ON qrr 'swift, ready', OS aru 
'ready for harvesting'. Identical with 
Toch A arwar, B arwer 'ready', Av aurva- 
'quick, brave'. Bugge A"^XI (1870) 403 
(to Skt árvant- 'courser, horše'); Bartho- 
lomae 200; Torp-Falk 17; Holthausen 
AEE]Vm; Karsten MB II 194, 412-414; 
Fraenkel ~fslavPh XXI 138-140; Po- 
korný I 331; Vries ANEW 688; Lloyd- 
Springer I 311-312; Sanders Festschr. 
Kolb 558-568; Bammesberger Nom. 243; 
Heidermanns 106. 

*arwaz ~ *arwez sb.n.: ON grr 'scar', 
MLG are id. Close to Skt neut. árus- 
'wounď. (Torp-Falk 19). Pokorný I 
338; Chemodanov SGGJa I 107. 

*arwít5 sb.f: ON pl. ertr 'pea', OS erit 
id., MLG erwete id., OHG arawiz id. 
See *arfarS Torp-Falk 19-20 (non-IE); 
Btnz Z dFh XXXVIII 371 (OHG araweiz 
< *arwa-aita-); Ipsen Festschr. Streitberg 
230-232; Walde-Hofmann I 419-420; 
Vries ANEW 105; Frisk II 424. 

*aseluz ~ *aselaz sb.m.: Goth asilus 
'donkey, ass', OE eosul id., OS esil id., 
OHG esil id. An early borrowing (with 
*-/- < -n-Tj from Lat asinus id. (Kluge 
Urgerm. 68) or a later loan from Rom 
*áselus < Lat asellus id. (Luft 7DADL XLI 



aseluz 



26 



atiskaz 



241-242). Forsterman KZ I 495 
Schwentner PBB XLIV 497-498 
Holthausen AEE]V 93; Feist 59-60 
Schulze Kl. Schr. 507 (follows Luft) 
Lehmann GED 45; Kluge-Seebold 
233. 

*asjó(n) sb.f.: ON esja 'a kind of clay', 
OHG essa 'chimney'. Related to *azenaz 
~ *azenan. Torp-Faek 22; Pokorný 
I 68; Vries ANEW 105-106; Kluge- 
Seebold 234. 

*askaz sb.m.: Burg *asks 'ash-tree', ON 
askr id., OE ďsc id., OS ask id. (< *askiz), 
OHG asc id. (< *askiz). Close to Arm 
haň id., Alb ah 'beech' < PAlb *aska, cf. 
also Gk ói;úa 'beech'. Hoops JValdbáume 
121; ZuprrzA Gutt. 159; Torp-Falk 23; 
Holthausen AEE]V 12; Pokorný I 782; 
Vries AME]\ t 15; Frisk II 400; Zalizniak 
I 185; Onions 54; Normier Sprache 
XXVII 22-29 (Indo-Iranian paraUels); 
Lloyd-Springer I 360-363; Kluge- 
Seebold 233; Orel AED 2. 

*askjan sb.n.: ON eski 'ashen box', MDu 
esch id., esche 'ash'. Derived from *askaz. 
Schulze A'~ LXI 136; Vries ANEW 106. 

*askón sb.f.: Goth azgo 'ashes' (with voiced 
inlaut), ON aska id., OE esce id., MLG 
asche id., OHG asca id. Connected with 
Arm ačiun id. < *azg-. Cf., on the other 
hand, *as- in Hitt hašša- 'ashes, hearth', 
Skt asa- 'ashes, dusť and *azd- in Gk áLfx 
'dry dirť (Walde KZ XXXI 290). 
Meillet Esquisse 29; Osthoff PBB XIII 
396-399 (from *ast-k-ón, to Gk c^ro 'to 
dry up, to parch'); Zupitza Gutt. 96; 
Grienberger Goten 41 (Goth suffix *-j- 
vs. other Gmc *-k); Torp-Falk 22; 
Kretschmer KZ XXXI 452; Holt- 
hausen AEE\V 12; Feist 72; Specht 69; 
Mayrhofer I 83; Pokorný I 69; 
Chemodanov SGGJa 1110; Vries ANEW 
15; Frisk I 25-26; Zalizniak I 155; 
Onions 54; Lehmann GED 54; Kluge- 
Seebold 56. 

*asnjaz sb.m.: Goth asneis 'day-laborer, 
hired man', OE esne 'servant', OHG asni, 
esni id. Derived from *az(a)niz ~ *asaniz. 
Holthausen AEEW 94; Feist 60; Onions 



297; Lehmann GED 45; Bammesberger 
Nom. 66—67. 

*aspiz ~ *asp5(n) sb.f: ON qsp 'asp', 
OE ď,sp id., tespe id., OHG aspa id., Cf. 
also MLG espe id. < *aspjon. Connected 
with Latv apse id., OPrus abse id., Slav 
*osa id. Torp-Falk 23; Trautmann 
BSW 11-13; Holthausen AEEW 13; 
Thieme KZ LXLX 175 (on Skt sphyá- id. 
< *aspi-); Pokorný I 55; Fraenkel 14; 
Vries ANEW 688; Zalizniak II 214; 
Janert KZ LXXIX 89-91, XCVII 
202-203; Onions 54; Stang LS 13; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 156; Lloyd- 
Springer I 370—372; Kluge-Seebold 
234. 

*astaz I sb.m.: Godr asts 'branch, bough', 
OS ast id., OHG ast id. Notě a derivative 
with a long grade *5staz 'knot, knob': OE 
úst, MLG ost. Identical with Gk oi^oq 
'branch', Arm ost 'twig'. Further cf. Hitt 
haštuer- 'twigs, stick'. Bloomfleld Lan- 
guage III 213-214 (*o Z do- < *o-s(ejdo-); 
Sturtevant Language IV 163; Torp-Falk 
559 (to Gk 00x05 'shooť); Holthausen 
AEEW 243; Feist 60; Pokorný I 280; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 110; Frisk II 353; 
Darms Vrddhi 236-238; Lehmann GED 
45; Knobloch IF XCII 29-32; Puhvel 
III 339-340; Lloyd-Springer I 373-375; 
Kluge-Seebold 58. 

*astaz II sb.m.: OE ast 'kiln', MDu ast id. 
Identical with Gk oti^a 'dryness, heať, 
Slav *ozďb 'malt-kiln, oasť. Frisk I 
25-26; Pokorný I 68-69; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 88 (to Lat aestus 'heať); Onions 
619; Dybo BSA 229-230. 

*at prep.: Goth at 'from, at, with', ON at 
'at, to', OE tet id., OFris et id., OS at id., 
OHG az id. Related to Phryg ad-, Lat ad 
id., Umbr ař-, Ose az id., Olr ad-. 
Torp-Falk 9-10; Holthausen AEEW 
13; Walde-Hofmann I 11-12; Feist 
60-61; Pokorný I 3; Vries ANEW 16; 
Onions 58; Lehmann GED 45; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*atiskaz sb.m.: Goth atisk 'standing grain, 
grainfielď (mase. or neut.), MLG esch id., 
OHG ezzisca 'seeď. Derived from *atjanan 



atiskaz 



27 



at>alojanan 



(Diefenbaoh V\V I 78; Grienberger Got. 
31). Grimm DG I 47; Lottner KZ VII 
180 (from *ades-ko-, to Lat ador 'spelť); 
Fick I 351 (to Gk á9r|p 'awn'); Torp- 
Falk 24; Schrader-Nehring II 648 (fol- 
low Lottner); Feist 61; Lané Language 
XIV 25 (to Toch A čiti, B acc. atiyai 
'grass'); Pedersen Toch. 64 (against Lané); 
Pokorný I 3 (follows Lottner); Ramat 
Gedenkschr. Gúntert 11-18 (follows Grien- 
berger); Lehmann GED 46; Kluge- 
Seebold 233. 

*atjanan wk.vb.: Goth fra-atjan 'to give 
away (to be eaten)', ON etja 'to fodder', 
OE ettan id., OFris etta id., MLG etten id., 
OHG ezzen id. Causative of *etanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 94; Feist 61; Vries 
ANEW 106; Seebold 180; Lehmann GED 
208; Fvluge-Seebold 61. 

*attón sb.m.: Goth atta 'father', ON atti 
id., OFris aththa id., OHG atto 'ancestor'. 
A nursery word (Meielet BSL XXXIV/ 
101 1-2), cf. Gk axxa id., Lat atta id. 
and the like. Torp-Falk 10; Friedrich 
ZDMG I (NF) 159 (from one of the lan- 
guages of Asia Minor), Glotta XXIII 
207-210; Feist 62; Martinet Gem. 56, 
64-65, 161-162; Porzig Gliederung 129; 
Pokorný I 70; Vries ANE]V 17; 
Zalizniak I 153; Benveniste IEL 169, 
370; Lůhr Expr. 254-255; Lloyd- 
Springer I 385-388; Lehmann GED 46; 
Ktuge-Seebold 60-61. 

*atu3az adj.: Crim.-Goth atochta 'baď (leg. 
atocha?). Identical with Hitt hatug(a)i- 
'horrible, frightening' < *oduko- (Tisch- 
ler KZ XCII 108-111), further to Lat 
odi 'to hatě', Gk óóiJaaoiiai id., Arm 
ateam id. (Grienberger Z^Ph XXX 127; 
Tischler KZ XLII 108-111). Walde- 
Hofmann II 202-203; Feist 61; Pokorný 
I 773; Lehmann GED 46; Puhvel III 
375-376; Heidermanns 106-107. 

*atulaz adj.: ON atall 'fierce', OE atol 
'dire, terrific, terrible', MDu atel 'terrible'. 
Cf. also ON etja 'to fight, to contenď < 
*atjanan. Related to Lat odi 'to hatě', Gk 
(j8í)aao|iai id., Arm ateam id. (Fick BB I 
334, II 195). See *atu$az. Torp-Falk 



10; Feist 61; Holthausen AEEW 8; 
Karsten MB II 274, 283; Walde- 
Hofmann II 202-203; Pokorný I 773; 
Vries ANEW 17; Frisk II 351; Heider- 
manns 107. 

*abalan sb.n.: OSwed adal 'nature, dispo- 
sition', OHG adal 'descent, lineage'. Cf. 
also OFris edila 'grandfather'. Identical 
with Toch A atál 'man'. Cf. also Gk 
átaXóq 'tender, delicate'. Grienberger 
Got. 104 (prefix *a-/ *oj; Torp-Falk 10; 
Holthausen AEEW 13; Neckel PBB 
XLI 385-436; Leumann Glotta XV 154 
(against comparison with axakóq); F\AR- 
sten NB II 274- 275, 370; Szemerényi 
Word VIII 42-50 (to Lat indoles 'inborn 
quality, nature'); Pokorný 171 (to *attori); 
Mezger KZ LXXII 114; Vries ANEW 
1-2; Frisk I 176; Zalizniak II 214: 
Benveniste 370; Van Wlndekens 171 
Darms Vrddhi 192-207; Palmer Denkschr. 
Gúntert 15; Lloyd-Springer I 44-46 
Hefdermanns 109; Fvluge-Seebold 14: 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*ajíal(j)az adj.: Burg *apals 'noble', OESc 
apul, apal- 'marital', OE tedele 'noble, 
eminenť, OFris ethele 'having free citizen- 
ship', OS ethili 'of good origin', OHG adal 
'noble', edili 'noble, distinguisheď. De- 
rived from *apalan. Holthausen AEE]\ j 
13; Kobler 708; Heidermanns 107-109; 
Kluge-Seebold 14, 204; Boutkan OFED 
s.v. 

*abalin3az sb.m.: Burg *apalings 'noble- 
man', ON qdlingr 'prince', OE ledelins 
'king's son, man', OFris etheling 'free citi- 
zen', MLG edelinc 'nobleman', OHG 
ediling id. Derived from *apalan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 13; Vries ANEW 685; 
Kobler 708; Heidermanns 108; Bout- 
kan OFED s.v. 

*abaljan sb.n.: ON eSli, edli 'patrimony, 
origin', OE eoelo 'nobility', OS adali 
'noble origin', OHG edili 'clan, nobility' 
Derived from *apalan. Torp-Falk 10 
Holthausen AEE]V 13; Pokorný I 71 
Vries ANEW 93-94; Zalizniak II 214: 
Hefdermanns 108. 

*abalojanan wk.vb.: ON qdlask 'to gain, 



abalojanan 



28 



aii3j az 



to win', OE 3e-iedelian 'to render cele- 
brateď. Derived from *apalan. Heider- 

MANNS 108. 

*ab(i) ptcl: Goth ap-pan 'but then, buť. 
Related to Toch A atas, B ate 'away', Skt 
áti 'beyond, very', Av aiti id., Olr aith- 
'againsť, Slav *oťb 'from'. Bartho- 
lomae 54; Torp-Falk 10; Feist 63; 
Pokorný I 70; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
168; Adams TB 10. 

*abnaz sb.n.: Goth apn 'year'. Identical 
with Lat annus id. < *atnos, Ose akeneí 'in 
the year', Umbr acc. pl. acnu 'year'. 
Meyer A"^ XXVIII 164 (further to Skt 
átati 'to go, to walk'); Froehde BB XVI 
196-197; Torp-Falk 10; Strachan BB 
XX 8; Brugmann IF XVII 492; Walde- 
Hofmann I 51; Feist 62-63; Szemerényi 
TPS 172-175 (Lat annus < *asnos); 
Pokorný I 69; Chemodanov SGGJa I 90; 
Lehmann GED 47. 

*a{5njan sb.n.: Gouh at-apni 'year'. Struc- 
turally close to Lat bi-ennium. Derived 
from *apnaz. Walde-Hofmann 151. 

*auda-fundiz ~ *auda-fundjaz adj.: 
ON aud-Jyndr 'easily perceived, clear', OE 
eáb-fynde 'easy to be founď. Compound of 
*auiaz ~ *auian and *fundiz II. Carr 
Mom. comp. 92 (parallel formations); 
Matzel KZGV 105. 

*auda3az ~ *audÍ3az adj.: Goth audags 
'blessed, fortunate', ON audigr 'rich, opu- 
lenť, OE eádÍ3 'happy, blessed, prosper- 
ous', OS odag 'rich, opulenť, OHG otag 
id. Derived from *audaz ~ *audan. 
Zimmermann BB XXIII 275-276 (to Lat 
autumnus 'autumn'); Torp-Falk 6; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 83; Feist 63; Porzig 
Gliederung 130; Vries ANEIV 18; Lehmann 
GED 47. 

*auda-3Ótiz ~ *auda-3Ótjaz adj.: ON 
auů-^att 'easily goť, OE eád-^ete 'easily 
got, prepareď. Compound of *audaz ~ 
*auian and a derivative of *3etanan. 
Carr Nom. comp. 92 (parallel formations). 

*audanaz ~ *audenaz sb.m.: ON audinn 
'lenť, OE eáden 'given', OS odan 'given as 
a gifť. Participle of the unattested verb 
*audanan. See *auiaz ~ *auian. Torp- 



Falk 6 (to Lith áusti 'to weave'); Holt- 
hausen AEE1\ t 83; Lfnoouist Festschr. 
Pipping 354; Jóhannesson IEW 7-8; 
Krahe SuV 105; Pokorný I 76; Vries 
ANEW 18; Seebold 83-84. 

*audaz ~ *audan sb.m./n.: Burg *aud(s) 
'wealth', ON auór 'fate, destiny, wealth' 
(partly < *audiz), OE edd 'possession, 
riches, prosperity, happiness', OS od 
'happiness'. Cf. Goth auda-hafts 'fortu- 
nate, blessed', MHG klein-ot 'treasure'. 
Probably, connected with W udd < *audos 
'lord, master', Bret ozac'h < *udakkos 
'home owner'. Also compared with Lat 
uber 'rich, fertile' < *oudh-ero- (Szemerényi 
IBK XV 207). Loth RC XLI 234; Torp 
SHS 172 (to Lith áudžu, áusti 'to weave'); 
Fowkes Goth. 5-6 (to IE *au(s)- 'to 
inerease'); Torp-Falk 6 (samé as Torp); 
Holthausen AEEU 7 83; Walde- 
Hofmann II 738-739; Porzig Gliederung 
130; Pokorný I 62-76; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 72; Vries ANEW 18 (separates 
ON audr 'riches, wealth' from audr 'fate, 
destiny'); Zalizniak I 185; Mezger K^ 
LXXXII 288-297 (to Gk avxúq 'šelf'); 
Seebold 83; Lehmann GED 47; Kobler 
708; Bammesberger Mom. 54. 

*au3a-duran ~ *au3a-duró(n) sb.n./f: 
Goth auga-dauro 'window', OE ea3-dv.ru 
id., OHG ouga-tora id. Compound of 
*au3on and *duran, *duro. Carr Mom. 
comp. 44. 

*au3(a)njanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. iiygna 
'to show', MLG t-onen id., OHG ougenen 
id. Derived from *au3on. Torp-Falk 5. 

*au3Ídaz adj.: latě ON eygor 'having eyes', 
OE si1r-ea3e.de 'blear-eyeď. Derived from 
*au3Janan. Torp-Falk 5; Vries AME]\ t 
107. 

*au3Janan wk.vb.: Goth augjan 'to show', 
ON eygja 'to furnish with an eye', OE 
eáwan 'to show, to manifest', OS ógan 'to 
show', OHG ougen id. Derived from 
*au 3 dn. Osthoff PBB VIII 261-262; 
Torp-Falk 5; Holthausen AEE\V 87; 
Feist 64; Vrtes ANEW 107; Lehmann 
GED 48. 

*au3Jaz adj.: ON eygr 'having eyes', OE 



au3j az 



29 



auraz 



súr-i^e 'blear-eyeď, OHG sur-ougi 'with 
watery eyes'. Derived from *au^on. 
Torp-Falk 5; Vries ANEW 107. 

*au3on sb.n.: Goth augo 'eye', ON auga id., 
OE eáj« id., OFris age id., OS oga id., 
OHG ouga id. From *as(w)dn influenced 
by *auzon. Further to IE *ok'- id.: Toch 
A ak, B ek, Skt áksi, Av duál aii, Gk oaae, 
Alb jji, Lith ate, Slav *oko (Schmidt K~^ 
II 381—382). A consonantal stem *a^wz 
and an í-stem *a^wiz can be recon- 
structed on the basis of compounds 
(Schmidt Plur. 106-108, 388-405). Goth 
aha 'mind, understanding' hardly belongs 
here (despite Fick I 13; Zupitza Gutt. 72; 
Osthoff IF XXVII 175). Meillet 
LHLG I 289-290 (taboo); Zupitza Gutt. 
Ti— H (to Slav *aviti 'to show'); Torp- 
Falk 5; Stokes K~ XXXV 151-152 
(to Mír uag 'den, cave'); Holthausen 
AEEW 83; Speoht KZ LXH 211; Feist 
64-65; Mayrhofer I 16; Pokorný I 
775-777; Fraenkel 5; Vries ANEW 19; 
Frisk II 436; Zalizniak I 157; Onions 
340; Vasmer-Trubachev III 128-129; 
Lehmann GED 48; Bammesberger Nom. 
173-174; Kluge-Seebold 65; Huld 
Festschr. Puhvel I 85; Adams TB 74-75; 
Orel AED 405; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*aujan sb.n.: Run auja 'good fortuně'. 
Related to Skt máti 'to be pleased, to 
strive, to promote', Av avaiti 'to help', Gk 
rtixrn; 'friend, beloveď. Bartholomae 
162; Mayrhofer I 57; Pokorný I 683; 
Vries ANEW 19; Frisk I 47; Krause 
Run. I 241-244, 261-263; Lehmann GED 
52. 

•aukanan str.vb.: Goth aukan 'to increase, 
to augment', ON auka id., OFris aha id., 
OHG auhhan id. Connected with Toch B 
atik- 'to grow, to increase', Lat augeo id., 
Lith áugu, áugti 'to grow', Latv augt id. 
Zupitza Gutt. 160; Torp-Falk 5; Walde- 
Hofmann I 82-83; Feist 67; Jóhannes- 
son IE\Y 10; Pokorný I 85; Fraenkel 
24; Vries ANEW 19; Anttila Schw. 
91; Onions 304; Seebold 84-85; Leh- 
mann GED 50; Adams TB 130; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 



*auke conj.: Goth auk 'but, also, further- 
more', ON auk 'also', OE eác 'also, how- 
ever', OFris ak 'also', OS ok id., OHG 
ouh id. Identical with Gk av-ye 'again'. A 
compound of *au (Gk av 'again') and 
particle *ge. Cf. also Toch A -ok, B -uk < 
*u-ge (Van Windekens I 329-330). 
Torp-Falk 5; Holthausen AEEW 82; 
Feist 67; Pokorný I 74; Vries ANEW 
19; Frisk I 183; Onions 304; Seebold 84 
(to *aukan); Lehmann GED 50; Kluge- 
Seebold 61-62; Adams TB 109; Bout- 
kan OFED s.v. 

*aukojanan wk.vb.: ON auka 'to increase' 
(weak forms, cf. *aukanan), OE ókian id., 
MLG oken id., OHG ouhhon id. Derived 
from *aukón. Pokorný I 85; Vries 
AAEir 19; Seebold 84. 

*aukón sb.m.: ON auki 'increase', OE eáca 
'addition, increase, advantage', OFris áka 
'increase', MLG oke id. Derived from 
*aukanan. Holthausen AEE] V 83; Vrtes 
ANEW 19; Seebold 84. 

*aulaz sb.m.: Norw dial. aul 'pipe'. Iden- 
tical with Gk avXóq id., Lith aulas 'boot- 
leg'. Further related to Toch B pl. auloň 
'blood vessels', Lith aulys 'beehive', 
Slav *ulb(jb) id. Torp-Falk 6; Pokorný 
I 88-89; Frisk I 186-187; Adams TB 
134. 

*aumaz adj.: ON aumr 'poorly, miserable'. 
Identical with Toch B aume 'misery, 
poverty' (Krause GGA 1958/1-3 54; 
Strunk Festschr. Eggers 31-35). Karsten 
NB II 244, 247; Vries ANEW 19; 
Heidermanns 109-110; Adams TB 132; 
Burlak IFTJa 240. 

*auraz sb.m.: ON aurr 'wet clay, mud, wet 
soil', OE ear 'sea, oceán'. Related to Gk 
avavjpoc; 'without water', Thrac rvn. 
Aípai; (Kretschmer Glotta X 51, XIV 
93), Latv rvn. Auře. See *úran. Gering 
Komm. I 24 (reconstructs *auza- = Lat 
aurum 'gold'); Torp-Falk 6 (separate ON 
aiar 'clay, soil' to be compared with 
*uran); Persson IF XXXV 199-200; 
Endzelin A"^ Lil 116-117; Janzén NB 
XXIV 247-253; Feist 67-68; Holt- 
hausen AEE] V 85; Detschew Thr. 39; 



au raz 



30 



auzon 



Pokorný I 80; Vries ANEW 20; Frisk I 
103; Vendryes W-26 (to Olr úr 'soil, 
earth'); Lehmann GED 50; Dybo BSA 33. 

*ausanan str.vb.: ON ausa 'to sprinkle', 
MLG oseň 'to scoop', MHG oseň id. 
Identical with Gk aiíco 'to get a light, to 
light a fire' (with a secondary semantic 
development, see Fick BB II 187), cf. fur- 
ther Lat haurio 'to draw' < earlier *aurio. 
Torp-Falk 6; Walde-Hofmann I 637; 
Vries ANEW 21; Schwyzer I 644; 
Schulze Kl. Schr. 190-191; Pokorný I 
90; Frisk I 193; Seebold 85. 

*ausón sb.f.: ON ausa 'ladle', OE ease 
'glass, tumbler'. Derived from *ausanan. 
Holthausen AEE] ť 86; Vries ANE] V 2 1 . 

*austaně adv.: ON austan 'from the Easť, 
OE eástan id., OS ostana id., OHG ostana 
'eastwarď. Derived from *austaz. Torp- 
Falk 6; Holthausen AEE]V 86; Vries 
ANEW '21; Onions 298; Kluge-Seebold 
605. 

*austaz sb.m.: OE eást 'Easť, latě MHG 
ost id. Related to Skt usá 'morning lighť, 
Gk Hom ř]áq 'dawn', Lat aurora 'day- 
break, dawn', Lith aušra id. Torp-Falk 
6; Holthausen AEEW 86; Walde- 
Hofmann I 86; Pokorný I 86-87; 
Fraenkel 27; Frisk I 605—606; Onions 
298; Kluge-Seebold 605. 

*austraz sb.m.: ON austr 'drawing water'. 
Derived from *ausanan. Structurally close 
to Gk éi;cu)aTT|p- Kpeáypa, ai)axT|p- \iít- 
pou ovona. Pokorný I 90; Frisk I 529. 

*austraz ~ *austran sb.m./n.: Burg adj. 
*austr 'Northern', ON austr 'Easť, OE 
eáster, eástre 'Easter', OHG pl. ostara id. 
(fem.). Related to *austaz. Continues 
*ausro-, cf, Lat auster 'South winď (< 
*aus-tero-), Lith aušra 'dawn', Latv austrá 
id., austra vejš 'Eastern winď. Torp- 
Falk 6; Holthausen AEE]V 87; Walde- 
Hofmann I 87; Pokorný I 87; Vries 
ANEW 21; Onions 298; Lehmann GED 
270 (on Goth ostro- in Ostrogothaé); Kobler 
708; Kluge-Seebold 605-606. 

*austronjaz adj.: ON austmnn 'eastern', 
OE eastern id. OS ostrou id. OHG sund- 
ostroni 'south-eastern'. Derived from 



*austraz ~ *austran. Holthausen AEE] i' 
87; Vries ANEW 21. 

*aubaz ~ *aubón adj.: ON auS-fengr 'easy 
to geť, OE íde 'easy, pleasanť, OS othi, 
otho 'light, easy', OHG ódi, ódo id. Close 
to Lat otium 'leisure', further cf. Skt ávati 
'to be pleased, to strive, to promote'. See 
*aujan. Torp-Falk 5; Falk-Torp 1407; 
Holthausen AEE]V 87, 187; Fíarsten 
NB II 390-391; Walde-Hofmann II 
228-229; Pokorný I 77; Vries ANEW 
18; Mezger KZ LXXXII 288-297; 
Hetdermanns 110. 

*aubjanan wk.vb.: ON eyia 'to waste, to 
destroy', OE íban 'to lay waste, to de- 
stroy', OHG fir- oděn 'to waste, to desert'. 
Derived from *autpjaz. Torp-Falk 5; 
Mezger KZ LXXXII 288-297; Heider- 

MANNS 111. 

*aubjaz adj.: Godr aupeis 'barren, desolate, 
deserteď, ON auor 'desert, empty', OE 
íede 'desert, forlorn', OHG Bdi 'desert, 
empty'. Identical with Gk aiSaioq 'empty, 
vain' (Schulze Kl. Schr. 71), thus histo- 
rically may be related to *au\>az ~ *aupon. 
Thurneysen 01 41 (to Olr úathad 'small 
number'); Torp-Falk 4—5; Feist 69—70; 
Holthausen AEEW 187; Karsten NB II 
387-389; Mezger Word II 229, R'Z 
LXXXII 288 (to Gk avxóq); Pokorný I 
73; Vries ANEW 18; Frisk I 191; 
Lehmann GED 52 (identical with *aupaz 
~ *aupón); Heidermanns 111; Keuge- 
Seebold 597. 

*auz5n sb.n.: Goth auso 'ear' (*-s-), ON 
eyra id., OE eáre id., OFris are id., OS dra 
id., OHG dra id. Related to Av uš- id., 
Arm unkn id., Gk Dor mq id., Alb vesh id., 
Lat auris id., Olr áu id., Lith ausis id., Slav 
*uxo id. Kuhn I 377; Schmidt Plur. 109, 
406-407; Bartholomae 414; Torp-Falk 
7; Meringer SBAW CXXV/2 12-13 (to 
*5us- 'mouth'); Holthausen AEEW 85; 
Walde-Hofmann I 85-86; Feist 69; 
Pokorný I 785; Fraenkel 26; Vries 
ANEW 107-108; Zalizniak I 157; Frisk 
II 448-449; Onions 297; Vasmer- 
Trubachev IV 179; Lehmann GED 51; 
Bammesberger Nom. 1 74; Orel AED 



auzon 



31 



azenaz 



501; Kluge-Seebold 599; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*awidjan sb.n.: Goth awepi 'herd of sheep' 
(-/>- < *-d-, irreg. -e-), OE eówd(e) id., 
OHG ouwiti id. Derived from *awiz. 
Bremer Btrg. Gesch. XI 32 (reconstructs 
Goth *aweipi); Holthausen AEEW 93; 
Feist 70; Onions 332; Benveniste 48; 
Lehmann GED 52. 

*awistran sb.n.: Goth awistr 'sheepfolď, 
OE éwestre id. (mase). Derived from 
*awi z . Osthoff KZ XXIII 316 (from 
*awi-wistraz); Meillet MSL XII 218-219 
(from *oui-sth(e)-ro-)\ Bezzenberger KZ 
XXII 267-269; Kluge Nom. Stamm. 
51-52; Holthausen AEEW 93; Feist 
70-71; Onions 332; Ltndeman Verschár- 
fung 16.4; Lehmann GED 53; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 88. 

*awiz sb.f: ON ter 'ewe' (root stem), OE 
eówu id. (< *awjo), OFris ei id., OS ewi 
'lamb', OHG ouwi, ou 'sheep'. Identical 
wiťh Hitt haiú- 'sheep', Toch B a()w id., 
Skt ávi- id., Gk oic, id., Lat ovis id., Olr 
ói id., Lith avis id., Slav *ovb-ca id. 
(Forsterman KZ I 493). Torp-Falk 22; 
Trautmann BSW 20-21; Mikkola 
Festschr. Streitberg 269; Holthausen AEEW 
93; Walde-Hofmann II 229; Mayrhofer 

I 59; Pokorný I 784; Fraenkel 28; Frisk 

II 367-368; Vries ANEW 681; Zaliz- 
niak II 206; Onions 332; Trubachev 
Zhiv. 69—71; Vasmer-Trubachev III 116; 
Puhvel III 379-380; Adams TB 35. 

*awon sb.m.: ON ái 'great-grandfaťher'. 
Cf. also Goth awo 'grandmother' . Related 
to Hitt huhha- 'grandfather', Toch awe 
id., Arm hav id., Lat auus id., OPrus awis 
'uncle', Slav *ujb id. Uhlenbeck FBB 
XXX 263 (Lallwort); Torp-Falk 22; 
Walde-Hofmann I 88-89; Feist 71; 



Pokorný I 89; Benveniste IEL 181; 
Toporov PJa I 179-180; Adams TB 56. 

*az(a)niz ~ *asaniz sb.f: Goth asans 
'harvest, harvest time', ON qnn 'working 
season', OE mase. ern 'harvest', OFris ern 
id., OS aran-fimba 'mow, rick', asna 'tax, 
levý' (< *asno), OHG am 'harvest'. Re- 
lated to OPrus assanis 'harvest', Slav 
*esenb 'autumn'. Cf. verbal derivatives in 
OE earnian 'to earn', MLG amen 'to reap', 
OHG arnon id. Wetnhold KZ I 247; 
Froehde BB I 32 (to Lat annona 'annual 
yielď < *ann-osna); Bezzenberger BB V 
176 (to Skt neut. vasná- 'price, value'); 
Torp-Falk 18, 22; Pedersen IF V 44; 
Schulze Qy. 475 (to Gk cópa 'spring'); 
Grienberger Got. 30 (to *askón); Hol- 
thausen AEEW 86, 94; Feist 58-59 
Walde-Hofmann I 50; Pokorný I 343 
Vries AMEW 687-688; Zalizniak II 192 
Martynov Slav.-germ. 133 (from Slavic) 
Onions 297; Stang LS 25; Trubachev 
ESSJa VI 28-29; Ramat Gedenkschr. 
Giintert 71; Lehmann GED 44; Lloyd- 
Springer I 304-307; Wagner KZ CV 
273-275; Kluge-Seebold 231. 

*azenaz ~ *azenan sb.m./n.: ON arinn 
'hearth', OHG erin 'floor, floorboarď. 
Related to Hitt loc. hašši 'herd', Toch AB 
as- 'to dry', Skt asa- 'ashes, dusť, Lat Bra 
'altar', Ose loc. aasaí id. Torp-Falk 18 
(to Lat area 'ground, vacant space, uhresh- 
ing floor'); Schroder Festschr. Streitberg 
340-343 (to Skt irina- 'hole in the 
grounď); Reichelt KZ XLVI 315-316; 
Holthausen KZ LXXI 55 (to Gk 
ápapíaKto 'to fit together, to equip') 
Walde-Hofmann I 61; Mayrhofer I 83 
Pokorný I 68; Chemodanov SGGJa I 66 
Vries AMEW 13; Knobloch Festschr. 
Folomé 347-352 (to Lat area). 



*hačtjan sb.n.: Goth hadi 'beď, ON bedr 
id. (< *badjaz ~ *badiz), OE bedd id., 
OFris bed id., OS bed, beddi id., OHG betli 
id. Probably connected with W bedd, 
Corn bedh, Bret béz 'grave' (Meringer IF 
XLX 448; further see Posch). Dubious. 
Fick I, 491; Posoh WuS XVI 4-16 (to 
*bhedh- 'to dig, to pierce'); Braune PBB 
XXIII 250; Bugge PB5XIII 176 (to Slav 
*podb 'base, bottom support'); Torp-Falk 
258; Holthausen AEEW 18; Feist 73; 
Pokorný I 114; Vries ANEW 29 (to 
*bapan); Zalizniak II 212; Onions 84; 
Lehmann GED 55; Lloyd-Springer I 
572—574; Bammesberger Nora. 65; Rluge- 
Seebold 104; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*badjón sb.m./f.: ON bedja 'wife, bed- 
fellow', OE y-bedda id., OFris bedda 'hus- 
banď, OS gi-beddio id., MHG ge-bette 
'wife, bed-fellow'. Derived from *badjan. 
Vries ANEW 29. 

*hadwó sb.f.: ON bqb 'batde', OE beadu 
'battie, war', OS hadu- (in cmpn.), OHG 
batu- (in cmpn.). Cf. Burg *badus id. 
Related to Olr bodb 'crow, image of the 
battie goddess'. Further cf. a semantic- 
ally distant but formally similar Slav 
*body, gen. *bodbVe 'fish-spear, harpoon'. 
Grimm KZ I 437; Torp-Falk 256; 
Torp-Falk 256; Holthausen AEEJ\ t 
17; Pokorný I 114; Chemodanov SGGJa 
I 96; Vries ANEW 69; Zalizniak I 
149; Trubachev ESSJa II 155; Kobler 
708. 

*ha3maz ~ *ba3naz sb.m.: Goth bagms 
'tree', ON badmr, barmr id. (with assimila- 
tion), OSwed bagn id. An irregular phone- 
tic transformation of *baumaz (Johansson 
PBB XV 224-225; Uhlenbeck PBB 
XXX 263-264). Schweizer KZ I 159; 
Mertnger ZFXVI 158 (to *bapan, isolates 
*bajmaz from *baumaz)\ Grienberger 
Got. 42 (to Skt bahú- 'arm'); Torp-Falk 
257-258; Feist 73-74; Pokorný I 149; 
Vries AMEW 22; Zalizniak II 226; 



Peeters KZ LXXXVIII 129-133; Leh- 
mann GED 55-56. 

*haidjanan wk.vb.: Goth baidjan 'to com- 
pel, to force', ON bába 'to request, to 
ask', OE bddan 'to constrain, to compel', 
OS bědian 'to compel', OHG beiten 'to 
compel, to tirge'. Causative of *bidanan 
(Wood MP rV 489-490). Structurally 
similar to Lith baidýti 'to frighten' and 
Slav *běditi 'to constrain, to persuade, 
to cause evil' (Vasmer-Trubachev I 142) 
unless the latter is a denominative. 
Torp-Falk 270-271; Zimmer KZ XXX 
43-45; Sommer ff XI 79 (to Lat boiae 
'collar'); Holthausen AEEW 14; Feist 
74; Pokorný I 117; Vries ANEW 30 
Stang LS 14-15; Benveniste IEL 95, 99 
Peeters A^XCrV 206-207; Seebold 95 
Trubachev ESSJa II 56-57 (Slavic verb 
as denominative); Lehmann GED 56. 

*bainan sb.n.: ON bán 'bone', OE bán id., 
OFris hen id., OS ben id., OHG bein id. 
Gontinues *bhoino- based on IE *bhei- 'to 
strike' (Bugge PBB XXIV 459; Wood 
MZJVXXLX 69). For the semantic deve- 
lopment cf. Slav *bedro 'hip' < *bhedh- 'to 
strike, to prick'. Doederleto LS VI 125 
(to Lat femur 'hip' < *bhedh-); Hellouist 
ANF VII 7 (to ON beinn 'straighť); Wad- 
stetn Z dph XXVIII 529 (samé as Hell- 
ouist); Breal MSL V 158; Torp-Falk 
257 (samé as Doederlein); Hirt Idg. Gr. 
I 312 (from *bhonio-)\ Holthausen AEE] I" 
16; Pokorný I 117-118; Vries ANEW 
30; Zalizniak I 139; Onions 106; Lloyd- 
Springer I 515—516; Bammesberger KZ 
CIII 264-268 (to Lat finis 'boundary'); 
Hetdermanns 1 1 3; Kluge-Seebold 94; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*baitan ~ *foaitaz sb.n./m.: ON beit 
'ship', OE bát 'boat, ship, vessel', OFris 
bát 'boať. Probably related to *bítanan 
(Lidén Festschr. Bugge 85-86, HVSUVI/l 
34). Torp-Falk 270; Holthausen 
AEEW 16; Vries ANEW 30 (to *baitja- 



baitan 



33 



bal3Íz 



nan); Onions 103; Seebold 97; Kluge- 
Seebold 125-126. 

*baitilaz sb.m.: Norw beitel 'chisď, MLG 
beitel, betel id., MHG beizel 'stylus, prick'. 
Derived from *bítanan. Torp-Falk 270. 

*baitjanan wk.vb.: ON beita 'to yoke', OE 
bietan 'to bridle, to rein in, to restrain', 
OS und-bětian 'to dismounť, OHG beizen 
'to spurn on'. Gausative of *bitanan. 
Torp-Falk 270; Holthausen AEE]V 15; 
Pokorný I 116; Vries ANEW 30-31; 
Seebold 97. 

*baitjan sb.n.: ON beiti 'pasturage, alum', 
OE 3e-bďte 'bit (of a bridle)', MLG betě 
'biť, MHG ge-beize 'falconry'. Cf. OHG 
beiza 'alum' < *baito. Derived from *bíta- 
nan. Vries ANEW 31; Seebold 97. 

*baitraz adj.: Goth baitrs 'bitter', ON 
prop. Beitr. An ablaut variant of *bitraz. 
Derived from *bltanan. Niedermann IF 
XXXVII 145-147 (to Slav *bridbkb 
'sharp'); Wood MLN XX 41-42; Torp- 
Falk 270; Feist 77; Vries ANEW 31; 
Onions 97; Seebold 97; Lehmann GED 
58-59; Heidermanns 115. 

*baizaz sb.m.: Burg *bairs 'boar', OE bár 
id., OS běr-swin id., OHG ber id. Identical 
with Lith baísas 'terrible apparition', 
Slav *běsb 'démon' < *bhoiclh-s-o- (Kluge- 
Seebold 80). Torp-Falk 257 (reconstruct 
*bairaz); Wissman Posto. 78; Holthausen 
AEEW 16; Onions 103; Kobler 708; 
Lloyd-Springer I 542. 

*bakan ~ *bakaz sb.n./m.: ON bak 
'back', OE biec id., OFris bek id., OS bak 
id., OHG bahho id. (<*bakon). Of un- 
known origin. The similarity with Slav 
*bokb 'side' (Mladenov 40), itself unclear, 
is semantically attractive but phonetically 
difficult. Zupitza Gutt. 160; Torp-Falk 
259; Holthausen AEEW 14; Vries 
ANEW 23; Zalizniak II 227; Onions 68; 
Kluge-Seebold 72; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*bakanan str.vb.: OE bacán 'to bake', 
MLG backen id., OHG backan, bahhan id. 
( % -kk-). With its pret. *boka, related to Gk 
cpráyto 'to roasť. Persson I Vurzelerw. 190 
Zupitza Gutt. 213; Torp-Falk 257 
Holthausen AEE]V 14; Pokorný I 113 



Frisk II 1057; Onions 69; Seebold 87— 
88; Lloyd-Springer I 419-421; Kluge- 
Seebold 72 (to Skt bhjáti 'to roasť); 
Peeters IFUÍXXl 30-31. 

*bakiz sb.m.: ON bekkr 'brook, rivuleť (< 
*bakjaz), OE beče id., OFris -bitze (in com- 
pounds), OS beki id., OHG bah id. Of 
uncertain origin. Cf. *pankdri? Zupitza 
Gutt. 160; Mikkola BB XXI 218 (to Slav 
*bagno 'marsh'); van Wijk IF XXIV 233 
(to Mír búal 'flowing water' < *bhoglo- 
and further to *bheg"- 'to run', or to 
Slav *bagno 'marsh'); Torp-Falk 257; 
Holthausen AEE]V 18; Pokorný I 161; 
Chemodanov SSGJa I 54; Vries ANEW 
31; Zalizniak II 212; Onions 84; 
Peeters IF 212-214; Lloyd-Springer I 
427-429; Kluge-Seebold 71. 

*bakójanan wk.vb.: ON baka 'to bake', 
OHG bachón 'to bake'. Derived from 
*bakanan 'to bake'. Seebold 87. 

*baldraz sb.m.: ON mann-baldr 'great 
man', theon. Baldr, OE bealdor 'prince, 
hero'. Derived from *bal\>az. Grimm 
DM I 202; Schroder Z dadl XXXV 
241 (to Lith báltas 'white'); Mertnger IF 
XVIII 282-285 (to *bulaz ~ *buló); Kuhn 
Festschr. Helm 37-45; Schroder GRM 
XXXIV 168; Holthausen AEEW 17; 
Pokorný I 121; Vries ANEW 24; Leh- 
mann GED 60. 

*bal3Íz sb.m.: Goth balgs 'bag made of 
skin, wine-skin', ON belgr 'skin, bellows', 
OE bels 'bulge, bag, purse', NFris balge 
'bag', MLG balch id., OHG balg id. 
Related to Ir bolg 'sack', OPrus balsinis 
'pillow', Slav *bolzina 'pillow, beam' con- 
tinuing *bhelgh- 'to swell'. See *tel^anan. 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 105 (to Lat follis 
'hoše' < *bholghnis); Zupitza Gutt. 26, 204; 
Torp-Falk 268; Feist 78; Lané Language 
LX 255; Vendryes BSL XLI 134-139; 
Pokorný I 125-126; Vries ANEW 32; 
Zalizniak I 149; Onions 87-88; Stang 
LS 14; Seebold 99; Trubaohev ESSJa II 
183-184; Van Windekens I 371 (to Toch 
B pelke 'solemn but joyous utterance'); 
Lehmann GED 59; Lloyd-Springer I 
438-440; Bammesberger Nom. 133 (to 



bal3Íz 



34 



balwa-wisaz 



OE belhán 'to make oneself angry, to swell 
with anger'); Kluge-Seebold 75; Adams 
TB 399 (against Van Windekens). 
*hal3Janan wk.vb.: ON belgja 'to inflate', 
OE a-bel^an 'to anger, to irritate', OS 
ar-belgid 'incenseď, OHG gi-belgen 'to 
irritate'. Derived from *tel^anan. See- 

BOLD 99. 

*balixón sb.f.: OHG belihha 'cooť. Close 
to Lat fulica id. < Hholiká (Sommer HL 
66; Vaniček Lat. 181). Suolahti VDN 
302 (to *bhel- 'white' because of a white 
spot on the birďs forehead); Walde-Hof- 
mann I 559-560; Pokorný I 119; Lloyd- 
Springer I 431-434; Kluge-Seebold 96. 

*balkón ~ *belkon sb.m.: ON bjálki 
'beam', OE balca 'beam, bank, ridge', 
OFris balka 'beam', MLG balke id., OHG 
balco id. Related to Gk (pá^ayi; 'line 
of battie, phalanx, beam'. Torp-Falk 
267-268; Pokorný I 123; Vries AMEW 
70; Frisk II 985-986; Onions 70. 

*balluz sb.m.: ON bqllr 'balí', OHG bal id. 
Related to Lat follis 'bellows, balí', Gk 
cpa^Aóc; 'penis', Thrac ethn. Tpi-paXXoí, 
Olr balí 'membrtim'. Torp-Falk 267; 
Kerényi Glotta XXII 41; Walde- 
Hofmann I 524-525; Schulze Kl. Schr. 
308; Detschew Thr. 523-526; Pokorný I 
120; Vries AMEW 70; Frisk II 987-988; 
Onions 70; Lerchner 54; Lloyd- 
Springer I 430-431; Kluge-Seebold 76. 

*balbaz adj.: Goth adv. balpaba 'boldly, 
openly', ON ballr 'hard, stubborn', OE 
beald 'bold, brave, confidenť, OS bald 
'valiant, bolď, OHG bald 'brave, coura- 
geous'. The old comparison with Lith 
báltas 'white' based on the semantic 
development into 'strong' or 'shining' 
(Grimm DM I 202) could be tenable. 
Schweizer KZ I 479; Uhlenbeck PBB 
XXXV 161-180; Torp-Falk 267; 
Osthoff PBB XVIII 255-256 (prefix 
b-, -alpaz to *aljanan II); Feist 78—79; 
Holthausen AEE]\' 17; Pokorný I 121; 
Vries AMEW 24 (to *bheh- 'to sweU', 
cf. Norw bála 'to ruť); Onions 105; 
Lehmann GED 60 (samé as Vries); 
Lloyd-Springer I 434-436; Matzel KZ 



CV 121 (< *bhoh-to-, to *bheb- 'to swell'); 
Heidermanns 1 1 5—1 1 6; Kluge-Seebold 
75. 

*bal{?janan wk.vb.: Goth baljyjan 'to be 
bold, to dare', ON bella 'to deal with', 
OE byldan 'to make bold, to encourage', 
OS beldian 'to make valianť, MHG balden 
'to hurry'. Derived from *balpaz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 22; Feist 78-79; Vries 
AMEW 32; Lehmann GED 60. 

*bal]3Ín sb.f: Goth prasa-balfrei 'quarrel- 
someness', OE beldo 'boldness, rashness', 
OHG baldi 'courage, boldness'. Derived 
from *balpaz. Holthausen AEE]V 22; 
Feist 78; Onions 94; Heidermanns 115. 

*balwan sb.n.: Goth balwa-wesei 'malice, 
wickedness', ON bol 'misfortune, bale', 
OE bealu 'woe, harm, wickedness, de- 
pravity', OFris balu-mon 'unfaithful guar- 
dian', OS halu 'wickedness, misfortune', 
OHG bálo 'disease, sickness' (mase). 
Gonnected with OCorn bal 'illness' < 
Halu- (Pigtet KZ V 351: also adds Slav 
*bol'b 'pain, illness'). Kuhn KZ I 516 (to 
Gk <paí)A.oc; 'weak, litde'); Berneker I 71 
(against the comparison with Slav *bol'b 
reflecting no traces of *-»-); Torp-Falk 
268-269; Schmidt KZ XXXII 342; 
Meringer IF XXI 296 (to Slav *tbhartb 
'idol'); Schrader KZ XXX 466 (to Lat 
fallo 'to deceive'); Kretschmer KZ XXXI 
449 (samé as Kuhn); Schmidt KZ 
XXXIV 342; Bugge PBB XIII 182 
(prefix *-); Osthoff PBB XVIII 256 
(samé as Bugge, -alwan to Gk Hom ÓA-oóc 
'destructive, deadly'); Feist 79; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 17; Weisweiler IF XU 70- 
77; Karsten M II 195-196; Pokorný I 
125; Chemodanov SGGJa I 80; Vries 
AJ\EW 70; Zalizniak II 165; Onions 70; 
Stang LS 15; Seebold LuE 482-483 (from 
*ghuel- 'to exchange'); Lehmann GED 60; 
Lloyd-Sprtnger I 444-445; Bammes- 
berger Nora. 243; Trubachev ESSJa II 
188 (agrees with Berneker); Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*balwa-wísaz adj.: ON bql-víss 'detes- 
table', OS sbst. bala-wiso 'malice' (mase. 
n-stem). Cf. also Goth balwa-wesei 'malice, 



balwa-wisaz 



35 



bary o 



wickedness' for which *b alwa-wísín may 
be conjectured (Schubert Erw. 69). 
Compound of *talwan and *wuaz. Feist 
79; Lehmann GED 60. 

*foančtan sb.n.: ON band 'bond, band', 
OFris band id., OS hobid-band 'crown', 
OHG bant 'priesťs band, band'. Identical 
with Skt bandhá- 'bond, fetter', Av banda- 
id. Cf. also Toch B panto 'support, aiď. 
Derived from *bendanan. Bartholomae 
926-927; Torp-Falk 259; Mayrhofer II 
407; Pokorný I 127; Zalizniak II 216; 
Vries ANEW 25; Onions 72; Seebold 
103; Kluge-Seebold 77; Adams TB 
365. 

*foančtilaz sb.m.: ON bendili 'small cord, 
string', ME bendel id., MLG bendel id., 
OHG bentil 'band'. Derived from *bandj6. 
Vries ANEW 32; Seebold 103; Kluge- 
Seebold 97. 

*bandislan sb.n.: ON benzl 'bow in a bent 
statě', MLG bendsel 'association'. Derived 
from *bandjo. Vries ANEW 32. 

*bandjan sb.n.: ON bendi 'corď, MLG 
bendě id., MHG bendě id. Derived from 
*bendanan. Vries ANEW 32. 

*foančtjanan wk.vb.: ON benda 'to bend 
(a bow), to join', OE bendan 'to bend', 
MHG benden id. Derived from *bendanan. 
Torp-Falk 259; Holthausen AEE]V 19; 
Vrles ANEW 32; Onions 88; Seebold 
103. 

*bandjó sb.f: Goth bandi 'bond, fetter'. 
Identical with Mír buinne 'band' < 
*bhondhia. Derived from *benianan. Cf. 
WGmc *bandiz: OE bend 'band, bond, 
ribbon', OFris bend 'bond, tie', bendě id., 
OS bendi id. Torp-Falk 259; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 19; Feist 79; Pokorný 1127; 
Zalizniak II 216; Seebold 103; Leh- 
mann GED 60-61; Bammesberger Nom. 
134. 

*foandsaz sb.m.: ON báss 'stali in a cow- 
house', LG banes 'interior of a barn' 
(fem.), G Banse 'bay in a barn'. Cf. also 
OE bós-Í3 'winter cow-stalT. Derived 
from *bendanan (Johansson iFXLX 116). 
Goriaev 9 (to Russ baz 'cowsheď); Torp- 
Falk 259; Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 264; 



Holthausen AEEW 31; Feist 80-81; 
Vries ANEW 28; Seebold 103; Lehmann 
GED 61-62; Hessmann Festschr. de Smet 
185-193; Bammesberger Nom. 77. 

*banďstiz ~ *bandstó sb.m.: Goťh 
bansts 'barn', OFris běste 'marital tie'. 
Derived from *bandan (Diefenbach VW 
274) or *bandsaz. Grienberger Got. 43; 
Torp-Falk 259; Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 
264; Schrader A^XXX 483-484 (to Gk 
cru-tpeóq 'pigsty'); Johansson IF XIX 
114-116; Wiedemann BB XXVIII 61; 
Feist 80-81, PBBXV 546; Seebold 103; 
Lehmann GED 61-63; Kluge-Seebold 
79. 

*bandwjanan wk.vb.: Goth bandwjan 'to 
mark, to make a sign', ON benda 'to give 
a sign, to beckon'. Derived from *banÍwo. 
Torp-Falk 256; Feist 79; Pokorný I 
104; Vries A7VEII r 32; Lehmann GED 61. 

*foanďw5 sb.f: Godr bandwa 'sign'. Prob- 
ably related to the isolated Lith bandy ti 'to 
try', OPrus per-bandan 'trial'. Meyer Goth. 
59 (to IE *bha- 'to shine'); Diefenbach 
VW 296-297 (to *bendanan); Wood MP II 
471 (samé as Diefenbach; semantically 
*'knotted cloth'); Torp-Falk 256; Feist 
79-80; Pokorný I 104; Fraenkel 34; 
Lehmann GED 61 (follows Meyer). 

*foan3Ójanan wk.vb.: Icel banga 'to ham- 
mer', E bang, G dial. bangen 'to knock'. If 
not of imitative origin, probably related 
to Skt bhanákti 'to break', Arm bek 'bro- 
ken', Lith beňgti 'to finish' (Vries ANEW 
25). Torp-Falk 256 (to *banon); Traut- 
mann BSW 26; Mayrhofer II 469; 
Pokorný I 114-115; Fraenkel 34. 

*banibo sb.f: ON bend 'wounď, OFris 
benethe id., OS banedi id. Related to *banjd. 
Vries ANEW 32. 

*banjó sb.f: Goth banja 'wounď, ON ben 
id., OE ben id., OS beni-wunda id. Derived 
from *banón. Grimm K^ I 82; Schade 
AWl 39 (to IE *g»hen- 'to strike'); Torp- 
Falk 256 (to *badwo); Scheftelowitz BB 
XXLX 37 (to Arm banam 'to open'); 
Torp-Falk 256; Holthausen AEEW 19; 
Feist 80-81 (to Av banta- 'sick'); Pokorný 
I 126; Vries ANEW 32; Zaliznlak II 



bary o 



36 



barčton 



173; Onions 72; Seebold KZ LXXXI 
1 1 3 (follows Sohade); Vendryes B-32-34 
(to Olr benaid 'to beat, to strike'); Leh- 
mann GED 61; Bammesberger Mom. 112. 

*banjójanan vvk.vb.: ON benja 'to wound 
mortally', OE bennian 'to wounď. De- 
rived from *banjb~. Holthausen AEE] i' 
19; Vries AMEW 32. 

*banki-beljan sb.n.: ON bekk-pili 'wain- 
scotted walls of a halí', OE benc-óel 
'bench-floor'. Compound of *bankiz and 
*peljan. Carr Mom. comp. 80 (parallel 
formations). 

*bankiz sb.m.: Burg *banki 'bench', ON 
bekkr id., OE bene id., OFris benk, bank id. 
(fem.), OS bank id. (fem.), OHG banc id. 
(mase, fem.). See *bankon. Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXXV 171; Torp-Falk 259; 
Holthausen AEE] I ' 1 9; Vries AME]\ t 3 1 ; 
Zalizniak II 176; Onions 88; Kobler 
709; Lloyd-Springer I 456-458; Kluge- 
Seebold 78 (from *branka-). 

*bankón sb.m.: ON bakki 'bank, ridge', 
OE banca 'lair, beď, LG bank 'bank, 
shore'. Of uncertain origin. Wood MLN 
XV 95 (to Skt bhanákti 'to break, to shat- 
ter'); Torp-Falk 259 (to Lith bangá 'wave'); 
Holthausen AEEW 1 6; Vries AMEW 23. 

*bannan sb.n.: ON bann 'prohibition, 
ban', OE se-bann id., OFris ban(n) 'order', 
OS ban(n) id. (mase), OHG ban 'or- 
der, ban' (mase). Related to *bannanan. 
Craigie AMF X 158 (from Olr); Torp- 
Falk 256; Holthausen AEE]V 16 
Wiessner TuB 19-28; Pokorný I 106 
Seebold 89; Lloyd-Springer I 454-456 
Kluge-Seebold 79. 

*bannanan str.vb.: OE bannan 'to sum- 
mon', OFris banna id., OS bannan 'to 
precharge', OHG bannan 'to precharge, 
to order'. Cf. Skt bhánati 'to speak, to 
sounď, and further probably to Gk <pr||ií 
'to say', Lat farí 'to speak', Arm ban 
'worď < IE *bha- 'to speak'. Torp- 
Falk 256; Holthausen AEE]V 16; 
Walde-Hofmann I 525-526; Mayrho- 
fer II 469-470; Pokorný I 106; Frisk II 
1009-1010; Onions 71-72; Seebold 88- 
90; Kluge-Seebold 79. 



*bannojanan wk.vb.: ON banna 'to hinder, 
to forbiď, OHG bannon 'to call upon'. 
Derived from *bannan. Seebold 89. 

*banójanan wk.vb.: ON baňa 'to kilT, 
OFris bonia id. Derived from *banon. 
Vries AMEW 25. 

*banón sb.m.: ON bani 'death, baně', OE 
baňa 'killer, murderer', OFris bona id., OS 
baňo id., MHG baně 'death'. Of uncer- 
tain origin. Persson UUÁ 1891 73 (to 
*badwó); Zupitza Gutt. 30; Torp-Falk 
256; Holthausen AEE]V 16; Pokorný I 
126 (to Av bqnaym 'they make 31'); Vries 
AMEW 25; Zalizniak I 153; Onions 72; 
Meid Germ. Rek. 109 (to IE *g«hen- 'to 
kill'); Bammesberger JVom. 1 76. 

*baraz sb.m.: Crim. Goth baar 'boy', 
MHG bar 'son, man'. Derived from 
*beranan (Host Z dadl cxiv 44-45). 
Schroder JVGTKG [1910] 15 (mistaken 
for *barn); Feist 73; Seebold 105 (from 
Goth *bam); Hamp JEGP LXXII 60-61 
(continues Goth *bam); Lehmann GED 
55. 

*baraz ~ *bariz sb.n./m.: ON ban 'bar- 
ley', OE bere id., OFris ber- id. (in empn.). 
Related to Lat far 'spelť, Ose far id., 
Umbr far id., Alb bar 'grass'. Hol- 
thausen AEE] V 21; Walde-Hofmann I 
455-456; Feist 81; Porzig Gliederung 109 
Pokorný I 111; Lehmann GED 62 
Bammesberger Mom. 2 1 1 (old i-stem) 
OrelAED 16-17. 

*baráaz sb.m.: Crim. Goth bars 'bearď, 
OE beard id., OFris berd id., MDu baert 
id., OHG bart id. Related to Lat barba id., 
Lith barzdá id. (with a secondary -zd-), 
Slav *borda id. (Solmsen KZ XXXrV 21). 
Pedersen IF V 73 (Slav, Lat < Gmc); 
Torp-Falk 262; Holthausen AEEJ\ t 
17; Walde-Hofmann I 96; Feist 82; 
Pokorný I 111; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
61; Trier Venus 188-191; Fraenkel 36; 
Vries AMEW 26 (ON baro id. < MLG 
bard); Zalizniak II 166; Onions 83; 
Lehmann GED 62-63; Lloyd-Springer I 
488-490; Trubachev ESSJa II 197-198; 
Kluge-Seebold 83. 

*bardón sb.f: Burg *bardo 'axe', ON baria 



bardon 



37 



baru3az 



'a kind of axe', OHG barta id. Derived 
from *bardaz. Cf. ON skegg-qx id. with 
a similar semantic motivation. Torp- 
Falk 262; Kobler 709. 

*bar3Janan wk.vb.: ON bergja 'to taste', 
OE ber^an 'to taste'. Probably derived 
from *ber^anan. On the ouher hand, the 
comparison with l^aXfragró 'to smelT can- 
not be completely ruled out. Holthau- 
sen IF XXXII 340; Zupitza Gutt, 208; 
Holthausen AEEW 23; Vries ANEW 33 
(to Gk tpéppco 'to feed, to nourish'). 

*barizinaz adj.: Goth barizeins 'of barley'. 
Structurally close to Lat faňna 'flour' < 
*farslna, cf. also Slav *boršbno 'dish, rye 
flour' < *bharsinom. Derived from *baraz 
~ *bariz. Hoops ]Valdbáume 362-363; 
Walde-Hofmann I 455; Feist 81; Porzig 
Gliederung 109; Chemodanov SGGJa I 63; 
Trubaohev ESSJa II 212-213; Lehmann 
GED 62. 

*barjanan wk.vb.: ON berja 'to strike', OE 
berian 'to také away, to withdraw', OHG 
berren 'to treat cruelly'. Identical with 
Slav *boriti 'to fighť, *boijq, *borti id. 
and further with Alb bie 'to fall, to hit' < 
PAlb *berja, Lat ferio 'to bore, to drill', 
Lith barii, bárti 'to scolď. Torp-Falk 
261; Holthausen AEEW 21; Walde- 
Hofmann I 481-482; Porzig Gliederung 
204; Pokorný I 134; Lerohner 22; 
Fraenkel 35-36; Vries ANEW 33; 
Trubaohev ESSJa II 203-204, 213-214; 
Orel AED 24. 

*barkaz sb.m.: Swed bark 'stubborn and 
unfriendly man'. Identical with Arm bark 
'harsh, sharp', Olr borb 'foolish, silly', 
Latv bargs 'stern, grim'. Bezzenberger 
BB XXVI 167 (to OE beorcan 'to make 
a sharp explosive sound, to bark'); 
Pokorný I 138-139. 

*barkuz sb.m.: ON bqrkr 'bark', MLG borke 
id. (fem.). Related to *berko. Petersson 
IF XXIII 403 (to *bher- 'to cuť); Torp- 
Falk 263; Pokorný I 166; Vries ANEW 
70; Kluge-Seebold 126-127. 

*barmaz sb.m.: Goth barms 'lap, bosom' 
(i-stem), ON barmr 'brim', OE bearm 
'bosom, lap', WFris berm 'latus sinuatum 



viae, aggeris', OS barm 'bosom, lap', 
OHG barm id. Identical with Skt bhárman- 
'support, nourishmenť, Gk (pop|ió<; 'bas- 
ket for carrying' (Hirt IF XXXII 287). 
Wood MP XI 326; Gúntert WuS XI 
139; Torp-Falk 260-262; Holthausen 
AEEW 18; Feist 81-82; Detschew Thr. 
53 (to Thrac mtn. Báp|iiov opoq); May- 
rhofer II 481; Pokorný I 131, 137, 142 
(to *brumari); Vries ANEW 27; Zalizniak 
II 185; Frisk II 1037; Onions 75; See- 
bold 105; Anttila Schw. 91; Lehmann 
GED 62; Bammesberger Nom. 71. 

*barna-lausaz adj.: ON barn-lauss 'child- 
less', OE bearn-leás id., OFris bern-las 
id. Compound of *barnan and Hausaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 60. 

*barnan sb.n.: Goth barn 'chilď, ON barn 
id., OE bearn id., OFris bern id., OS barn 
id., OHG barn id. Related to Lith bérnas 
'boy', Latv berns 'chilď, Alb barre 'foetus' 
< Hamá (Bezzenberger BB XVII 21). A 
participle in *-no- of *beranan (Meillet 
MSL XXI 47) in its meaning 'to give 
birth'. Torp-Falk 260; Holthausen 
AEEW 18; Feist 82; Pokorný I 131; 
Trubaohev Rod. 44; Fraenkel 40; Vries 
ANEW 27; Zalizniak I 139; Onions 69; 
Seebold 105; Martynov BSI 12 (adds 
dubious Slav fem. *berna 'pregnanť); Leh- 
mann GED 62; Bammesberger Nom. 73; 
Orel AED 19. 

*barniskaz adj.: Godi bamisks 'childish, 
childlike', ON bernskr 'childish'. Deriva- 
tionally identical widi Lith bérniškas 'of 
servant'. See *tarnan. Feist 82; Vries 
ANEW 34; Lehmann GED 62. 

*baró sb.f: E bar 'beam, barrier', MHG 
bar id. Related to *batjanan. Deriva- 
tionally close to Lat forus 'open space, 
public pláce', forum id., Lith baras 'swath, 
row of mowed corn' (Fick I 191). 
Torp-Falk 261; Walde-Hofmann I 537; 
Pokorný I 134. 

*baru3az sb.m.: ON bqrgr 'barrow-hog', 
OE bears id., OFris barg id., OS barug id., 
OHG barug id. Derivationally identical 
with Alb baruM 'fleece' < *bhoru-k-o-, 
based on IE *bhoru- attested in another 



baru3az 



38 



batizon 



derivative as *bhoruos in Alb ben 'sheep, 
goať, Slav *borub 'sheep, barrow' (Orel 
Linguistica XXVI 172-173). Weinhold 
KZ I 247; Forsterman KZ I 497 (related 
to Lat porcus 'hog, pig'); Torp-Falk 263; 
Matzenauer LFXW 81 (to Slav *porzb 
'bull, hog'); Trautmann BS1V 27 (on sin- 
gulative -k- as in Av pasu- 'cattle' ~ 
pošuka- '(one) animal'); Kiparsky Lehnw. 
61 (Slav < Gmc); Holthausen AEEW 
17; Trier Holz 87-88; Machek KZ 
LXrV 263 (further to Skt bhároati 'to 
chew'); Pokorný I 135; Vries ANEW 70; 
Zaeizniak I 129; Onions 76; Stang LS 
15; Trubaohev ESSJa II 214-215; 
Lloyd-Spremger I 493-495; Kluge- 
Seebold 81; Orel AEW 18, 21-22. 

*barwaz sb.m.: ON bqrr 'a kind of tree', 
OE bearu 'wood, grove'. Related to Slav 
a-stem *borb 'pine, pine foresť (Lowe 
PBB LX 162; Schrader BB XV 287- 
288). Schrader BB XV 287; Hirt PBB 
XXIII 331 (Slav < Gmc); Meillet Etudes 
II 234 (samé as Hirt); Persson Beitráge 22 
(against Hirt); Berneker I 76; Torp- 
Falk 260; Holthausen AEE]\ t 18; 
Porzig Gliederung 144; Pokorný I 109; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 79; Vries ANEW 
70; Zalizniak I 138; Martynov Slav- 
germ. 108 (from Slavic); Stang LS 15; 
Trubachev ESSJa III 216-217. 

*foarw5n sb.f.: ON pl. hárat 'hand-bier', 
OE bearwe 'basket, bier', EFris harwe 
'hand-barrow'. Cf. also WGmc *bero > 
OE bér 'bier', OS bara id., OHG bara id. 
Derived from *beranan. Cf. also *běro. 
Torp-Falk 260; Holthausen AEE]V 15, 
18; Vries ANEW 25; Pokorný I 131; 
Zalizniak II 219; Onions 94; Lloyd- 
Springer I 469-470; Kluge-Seebold 74. 

*barzan ~ *barsan sb.n.: ON barr 'nee- 
dles of a fir-tree', OE bears 'coniferous 
tree, foliage, tree', OHG bars id. Closely 
related to Olr barr 'mop of hair, top'. W 
bar id., Corn bar id. Substantivized *har- 
zaz- Torp-Falk 265—266; Holthausen 
AEEW 18; Pokorný I 109; Vrtes ANEW 
27; Heidermanns 117. 

*barzaz adj.: ON barr 'ready, strong, 



vigorous', OHG bar 'uprighť. Identical 
with Mír bon 'thick, large, strong' < 
*bhorso-. Torp-Falk 265-266; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 18; Pokorný I 108-109; 
Lloyd-Springer I 466-467; Heider- 
manns 117; Fvluge-Seebold 83. 

*bastan ~ *bastaz sb.n.: ON bašt 
'inner bark of a tree', OE biest id., MLG 
bašt id. (mase), OHG bašt id. (mase). 
Continues *bh-sto- or *bhss-to- related to 
*bha- 'to shine', *bhas-\ Skt bháti 'to 
shine', bhas- 'lighť, Gk (poívco 'to appear', 
(práoKEi' 8ia<pávei and the like. Seman- 
tically similar to Slav *lyko 'basť < IE 
*leuk- 'to shine' (Trubachev Bern. 165— 
166). Johansson IF XLX 121 (from 
*bhad-stu-); Abegg IF XLVI 267; 
Jacobsohn ZDADL LXVI 238-240 (from 
Scytiiian, cf. Av bašta 'bundle, bunch', 
Osset bašt id.); Torp-Falk 269; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 15; Mayrhofer II 
493-494, 499; Pokorný I 104-105; 
Szemerényi KZ LXXI 211-213 (from 
Illyrian *bast- < *bhndh-t-); Vries ANEW 
28; Zalizniak II 166; Frisk II 982-984; 
Onions 78; Darms Vrddhi 257-264; 
KorvuLEHTO Festschr. Schmitt 246-258 (to 
bábhasti 'to chew, to masticate, to de- 
vour'); Lloyd-Springer I 500-502; 
Kluge-Seebold 84. 

*batiz comp. adv.: ON betr 'better', OE bet 
id., OFris bet id., OS bet, bat id., OHG 
baz id. (< *bataz). See *batizon. Cf. superl. 
Goth batista 'besť, ON beztr id., OE betst 
id., OFris betst id., OHG bezzisto id. 
Grimm DG II 43 (reconstructs *batanan 
'vigere, valere'); Osthoff Morph. Unt. VI 
286-288; Torp-Falk 258; Holthausen 
^££11' 21-22; Feist 83; Pokorný I 106; 
Vries ANE]V 34-35; Onions 90-91; 
Lehmann GED 63; Bammesberger Nom. 
235; Kluge-Seebold 84, 102. 

*batizón comp. adj.: Godr batiza 'better', 
ON betri id., OE betre id., OFris betere id., 
OS betaro id., OHG bezziro id. May be 
related to the isolated Skt bhadrá- 'blessed, 
delightful, fortunate', Av hu-ba8ra 'happy, 
lucky' (Bopp Glossarium 269) if those are 
not from *bhndró-. Bartholomae 1828; 



batizon 



39 



bauno 



Torp-Falk 258; Stokes KZ XL 245 
(to Mír baid 'durable'); Feist 83; 
Holthausen AEE1 \ r 21-22; Wissmann 
MP 14-16; Mayrhofer II 467-468; 
Pokorný I 106; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
107; Vries AMEW 34; Onions 91; 
Lehmann GED 63; Hamp IIJ XXX 1 75 
(together with MW bodd 'good wiU' from 
*bhod-); Lloyd-Springer I 503-505, 
577-578; Bammesberger Mom. 235; 
Kluge-Seebold 102. 

*batn5janan wk.vb.: Goth ga-batnan 'to 
benefit, to profit', ON batna 'to improve, 
to get better'. Related to *baton. Feist 
174; Pokorný I lo6; Vries AMEW 28; 
Heidermanns 118. 

*batón sb.m.: ON bati 'improvement, 
advantage', OFris bata 'advantage, gain', 
MLG bate 'improvement'. See *batiz. 
Torp-Falk 258; Pokorný I 106; Vries 
AVE II 7 28; Lehmann GED 63; Heider- 
manns 1 1 9. 

*baj5a-xúsan sb.n.. 1 ON baS-hús 'badiing- 
house', OE bted-hús id., OHG bada-hús id. 
Compound of *bapan and *xusan. Carr 
Mom. comp. 71 (parallel formations). 

*bajían sb.n.: ON bad 'bath, bathing', OE 
bei 'bath, font', OFris beftjth 'bath', OS 
bath id., OHG bad id. Derived from 
*bejanan. Torp-Falk 256; Holthausen 
AEEW 15; Pokorný 1113; Vrtes AMEW 
22; Zalizniak I 139; Onions 79; Kluge- 
Seebold 72. 

*baj5a-stufón sb.f: ON baS-stofa 'bath- 
room', MLG bade-stove 'bathroom', OHG 
bada-stuba id. Compound of *bapan 
and *stufon. Carr Mom. comp. 83 (paral- 
lel formations). 

*baf)5janan wk.vb.: ON rare baoast 'to 
bathe', OE badian 'to wash, to bathe', Du 
baden 'to bathe', OHG badán id. Derived 
from *bapan. Holthausen AEEW 17; 
Vries AMEW 22; Onions 79. 

*bau3az sb.m.: ON baugr 'ring', OE bec'13 
'ring, crown', OFris bag 'ring', OS bog- 
gebo 'one presenting a ring', MLG hoch 
'ring', OHG boug id. Derived from *beu- 
3anan. Together with Skt bhogá- id., con- 
tinues a noun *bhoueho- derived from 



*bheugh- 'to benď. Reflected in Slav rvn. 
*Bugr> (West Bug, right tributary of Wisla) 
also known in the XII century as Armilla 
(Tomaschek ^OG XXVI 523; Bruckner 
47). Torp-Falk 274; Holthausen 
AEEJV 17; Mayrhofer II 504; Pokorný 
I 152-153; Vries AMEW 29; Zalizniak I 
129; Benveniste 111; Seebold 110; 
Trubachev ESSJa III 78 (OCS bougb 
'armillar' as a parallel to rather than a 
borrowing from Gmc); Lehmann GED 
73; Bammesberger Mom. 52. 

*bau3Janan wk.vb.: Goth us-baugjan 'to 
sweep ouť, ON beygja 'to bow, to benď, 
OE bí^an id., OFris beia id., OS bogian id., 
OHG bougen id. Causative of *beu^anan. 
Grienberger Got. 230-231; Torp-Falk 
273; Holthausen AEEW 22; Feist 529; 
Pokorný I 153 (to Av bunjainti 'to liber- 
ate'); Vries AMEW 34; Seebold 111; 
Lehmann GED 73, 380; Kluge-Seebold 
105. 

*bauknan sb.n.: ON bákn 'beacon', OE 
beácen id., OFris bsken id., OS bokan id., 
OHG bouhhan id. Related to *iukjanan. 
Torp-Falk 257; Holthausen AEE]V 17; 
Pokorný I 105 (to IE *bha- 'to shine'); 
Zalizniak I 139; Onions 82; Kluge- 
Seebold 74. 

*b(a)ukójanan wk.vb.: ON bauka 'to dig', 
MLG boken 'to knock, to beať, MHG 
buchen id. Of imitative origin. Pokorný 
I 97-98; Vries AMEW 29. 

*baumaz sb.m.: OE beám 'tree', OFris 
bam id., OS bom id., OHG houm id. 
Continues *bhou-mo- derived from IE 
*bheu- 'to grow', see *bewwanan. Cf. *bheu- 
men- in Gk cpíjia 'growth', Skt bhuman- 
'being, world, earth' (Johansson Btrg. 
Gesch. XV 224-225). Torp-Falk 258; 
Holthausen AEEh r 17; Speght 54 
(reconstructs *haum-na-); Mayrhofer II 
512-513; Pokorný I 149; Zalizniak II 
226; Frisk II 1052-1053; Onions 82-83; 
Peeters K~ LXXXVIII 129-133 (sec- 
ondary form of *ba^maz)\ Lehmann GED 
55-56; Bammesberger Mom. 71; Kluge- 
Seebold 86; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*baunó sb.f: ON baun 'beán' (i-stem), OE 



foauno 



40 



bebruz 



beán id., OS bona id., OHG bona id. (5- 
and on-stem). Of uncertain origin. May 
be close to Slav *buna 'swelling, tuber' 
< *bhouná, further related to *bewwanan. 
Petersson IF XXIII 390 (to *bheu- 'to 
swell'); Torp-Falk 257 (to Lat faba id., 
Slav *bobt> id.); Holthausen AEEW 17; 
Pokorný I 106 (from *babno related to 
OPrus babo id., Slav *bob~b id.); Vries 
AMEW 29; Zalizniak II 192; Onions 83; 
Trubachev ESSJa III 95-96; Kluge- 
Seebold 123. 

*bausaz adj.: Burg *bausiz 'wickeď, Nor\v 
baus 'proud, bumptious', OFris basa-feng, 
bás-Jeng 'obscene touch', MLG bose, bos 
'unclean', OHG bosi 'worthless'. Prob- 
ably, continues *baud-s-az, to *beudanan 
(Heidermanns 120—121). Torp-Falk 
276; Kobler 709. 

*bautanan str.vb.: ON bauta 'to beat, to 
hunť (secondary wk.), OE beátan 'to beať, 
MHG bózen id. (some forms are wk.). Of 
unknown origin. Torp-Falk 274 (to Lat 
con.-fi.to 'to repress, to diminish, to put to 
silence'); Feist 74; Holthausen AEEW 
18; Jóhannesson IE] V 596— 597; Pokorný 
I 112 (to Lat fústis 'knobbed stick, 
cudgel'); Vries AMEW 29; Onions 83; 
Seebold 90-91. 

*bautilaz sb.m.: ON beytill 'Equisetum 
hiemale', OE bíetel 'hammer', MLG bdtel 
'beating iniplemenť, OHG stein-bózil 
'cudgel'. Derived from *bautanan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 23; Pokorný 1112; Vrles 
AMW 35; Onions 85; Seebold 90; 
Kluge-Seebold 95. 

*baubaz adj.: Goth baups 'deaf, dumb'. 
Probably related to Slav sbst. *buta 'stu- 
pid person; haughtiness, pride'. Grien- 
berger Got. 45; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. 1111 
(to Olr bodar 'deaf'); Uhlenbeok PBB 
XXX 265-266; Petersson IF XXIII 395 
(to *beudaz); Meillet MSL X 282 (to Lith 
bukús 'blunt, duli'); Feist 86; Fraenkel 
63; Trubachev ESSJa III 101-102; Leh- 
mann GED 65. 

*bazaz adj.: ON berr 'naked, bare', OE ber 
id., OFris ber-fot 'barefooť, OS bar 'naked, 
bare', OHG bar 'uncovered, naked, bare'. 



Identical with Arm bok' 'barefooť, Lith 
basas id., Slav *bos~b id. Verner K£ 
XXIII 113; Pedersen IF V 46; Hubsch- 
mann AG 430; Karsten MB I 42-43; 
Persson UUÁ 1891 115 (to *bhes- 'to 
scrape'); Kretschmer K£ XXXI 414; 
Torp-Falk 269; Trautmann BSW 28; 
Holthausen AEE]V 15; Fraenkel 36, 
Glotta XXXV 87; Pokorný I 163; Vries 
AMEW 3,^; Onions 75; Trubachev ESSJa 
II 223-224; Lloyd-Springer I 465- 
466; Bammesberger Mom. 239; Kluge- 
Seebold 79; Heidermanns 121. 

*bazjan sb.n.: Goth weina-basi 'wine-berry, 
grape' (< *basjan), ON ber 'berry', OE 
beri^e 'berry, grape' (fem.), OS beri 'berry', 
OHG beri id. Connected with Skt bábhasti 
'to chew, to masticate, to devour'. For 
the semantic development cf. Slav *gruša 
'pear' < *grušiti 'to break, to destroy', Lat 
pirum 'pear' < *pisom, to *peis- 'to stick, to 
pounď. Bugge PBB XXI 421 (to Norw 
dial. bas, base 'shrub'); Lidén IF XVIII 
415—416 (to OE basu 'crimson, purple'); 
Torp-Falk 269; Holthausen AEEW 
21; Walde-Hofmann II 309-310; Feist 
559; Mayrhofer II 409; Pokorný I 105 
(to Skt bhás- 'light, splendour'), 145; 
Vries AMEW 32-33; Onions 90; Zaliz- 
niak II 182; Lehmann GED 400; Lloyd- 
Springer I 560-561; Kluge-Seebold 89 
(to Lith itoga 'berry' < *og"ha). 

*bazójanan wk.vb.: ON bera 'to make 
bare', OFris baria 'to reveal', OS baron id., 
OHG gi-baron 'to lay bare'. Derived from 
*bazaz. Vrdís AMEW 33; Heidermanns 
121. 

*bebruz sb.m.: ON bjórr 'beaver, beaver's 
skin', OE beofor 'beaver', MLG bever 
id., OHG bibar id. Originally, a color 
adjective. Related to Skt babhrú- 'reddish- 
brown, brown', Av bawra-, bawri- 
'beaver', Lat fiber id., Lith bebras id., 
OPrus bebrus id., Slav *bebrb id. ON 
bjórr 'triangular cut off piece of meať is 
a metaphoric usage of the above and 
has nothing to do with Lat fibra 'fiber' 
< *g'hisra (despite Noreen Abrifi 228). 
Fórsterman K£ I 497 (related to l^aX fibra 



bebruz 



41 



beranan 



'fibre, filamenť); Bartholomae 925; 
Torp-Falk 264; Trautmann BSlWb 
28-29; Holthausen AEEW 20; Walde- 
Hofmann I 490-492; Mayrhofer II 
409-410; Pokorný I 136; Fraenkel 38; 
Vries ANEW 40; Zalizniak II 227; 
Onions 83; Hamp IF LXX 162 (to 
*beranan); Trubaohev ESSJa I 174-175; 
Kluge-Seebold 107. 

*bekwjanan wk.vb.: ON bikkja 'to plunge 
into water', MHG bicken 'to punch, to 
kick'. Probably related to Gk <péponoa 
'to be put to flight, to fiee', Lith bégu, begti 
'to run', Slav *bégti id. Pokorný I 116; 
Vries ANEW 36. 

*bekwjón sb.f.: ON bikkja 'bitch', OE bicce 
id. Unclear. Perhaps based on *bekwjanan. 
Zupitza Gutt. 96; Torp-Falk 259 (to 
*bakan ~ *bakaz); Vries ANEW 36 (to Skt 
bhaga- 'vulva'). 

*bel3anan str.vb.: ON part. bolginn 'to 
swelT, OE belhán 'to swell widr anger', 
OFris part. ovir-bulgen 'to incense', OS bel- 
gan id., OHG belgan 'to get angry'. Re- 
lated to *bal3iz. Zupitza Gutt. 26, 204; 
Torp-Falk 268; Holthausen AEE]V 19; 
Jóhannesson IEW 629-630; Pokorný I 
126; Vries ANEW 49; Seebold 99-101; 
Ktuge-Seebold 640. 

*bellanan I str.vb.: OHG widar-bellan 'to 
rebounď. Probably connected with Slav 
*bel'ati 'to swing, to limp'. Holthausen 
AEEW 19; Jóhannesson IEW 629; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa I 185; Seebold 101. 

*bellanan II str.vb.: OE bellan 'to bellow, 
to roar', MHG bellen 'to bay, to bark'. 
Related to Toch AB pal-, pal- 'to praise', 
OPrus billit 'to say, to speak', Lith bilstu, 
bilti 'to start speaking'. Torp-Falk 266; 
Pokorný I 123-124. 

*bell5n sb.f.: ON bjalla 'beU', OE belle id., 
MLG belle id. Derived from *b~ellanan II. 
Torp-Falk 266; Holthausen AEE] V 19; 
Pokorný I 1 23 (to *bullojanan); Lerchner 
24-26. 

*belnón sb.f.: OE belone, belene 'hen-bane', 
MLG billen id. Close to Slav *belm> ~ 
*belna id. Further cf. Gaul pe^-évíov id., 
W béla id. Piotet KZ IV 361-362 (to 



Olr béal 'sun'); Kretschmer Glotta XIV 
96-97 (a IVanderwori); Torp-Falk 267 
(reconstruct *belunon < Celtic, cf. Gaul 
bilinuntia id.); Trubaohev ESSJa I 185 
187 (to *bhel- 'to speak'); Kluge-Seebold 
111. 

*bendanan str.vb.: Goth bindan 'to binď, 
ON binda id., OE bindan id., OFris binda 
id., OS bindan id., OHG bintan id. Re- 
lated to Skt badhnati id., Av bandayeiti id. 
Bartholomae 926; Torp-Falk 259; 
Meillet A«£ XVII 194; Feist 93; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 23; Jóhannesson IEW 
61 1-612; Mayrhofer II 406; Pokorný I 
127; Vries ANEW 37; Mayrhofer II 
406, 408; Onions 95; Seebold 102 
104; Lehmann GED 71; Kluge-Seebold 
111-112. 

*ben3az sb.m.: ON bingr 'bolster, bed, a 
heap of corn', MLG binge 'ketde-shaped 
deepening'. Related to Skt bahií- 'much, 
abundant, large', Gk na%vq 'ťhick', Latv 
biezs id. Zupitza Gutt. 177; Mayrhofer 
II 424-425; Pokorný I 127-128; Vries 
ANEW 37; Frisk II 484-485. 

*benutaz sb.m.: Norw dial. bunt 'Aira cae- 
spitosa' (< *bunut-), OE bionot 'dry blade 
of grass', OS binet 'bulrush', OHG binuz 
id. ff originally stood for *'dead grass', 
could be compared with *banon. Torp- 
Falk 271; Onions 89. 

*beranan str.vb.: Goth bairan 'to bear, to 
carry; to give birth', ON bera id., OE 
beran id., OFris bera id, OS beran id, OHG 
beran id. Cf. also *$a-beranan 'to give 
birth': Goth ga-bairan, OE je-beran, OS gi- 
beran, OHG gi-beran. Continues IE *bher- 
'to bear': Toch AB par-, Skt bhárati, Gk 
<pépra, Arm bérem, Lat fero, Olr berid 
merged with *bher- 'to give birth'. 
Prefřxed *at-beranan > Goth at-bairan 'to 
bring, to offer' is identical with Phryg 
impf. aPPepex, Lat adfero 'to bring'. 
Torp-Falk 260-261; Holthausen 
AEEW 21; Walde-Hofmann I 483-485; 
Feist 75; Jóhannesson IEW 612-613; 
Mayrhofer II 473-476; Pokorný I 
128-131; Vries ANEW 33; Frisk II 
1003-1004; Illich-Svitych Opyt I 195 



beranan 



42 



berkjon 



(on the contamination of IE *bher- 'to 
bear' and *bher- 'child; to give birth'); 
Onions 83; Seebold 104-106; Lehmann 
GED 57; Kluge-Seebold 303; Orel 
Phrygian 409; Adams TB 371; Burlak 
IFTJa 248. 
*foer3an ~ *ber3az sb.n./m.: ON bjarg 
'rock', OE beors 'hill, mountain', OFris 
berch id., OS berg id., OHG berg id. 
Closely related to Av banzah- 'heighť, 
Arm barjr 'high', Thrac pln. Bépya, Olr 
brí 'hill', W bera 'heap', Slav *bergb 'shore, 
mountain'. Further connected with IE 
*bhergh- 'high'. Zupitza Gutt. 204; Bar- 
tholomae 950; Torp-Falk 265; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 20; Feist 75-76 (on 
Goth bairgahei 'hill country, mountainous 
region'); Detschew Thr. 51-52; Pokorný 

I 140-141; Vries ANEW 39; Zalizniak 

II 166; Onions 76; Trubaohev ESSJa 
191-193; Lehmann GED 57-58; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 60; Lloyd-Springer I 
553-554; Kxuge-Seebold 98-99. 

*ber3anan str.vb.: Goth baírgan 'to pre- 
serve, to keep', ON bjarga 'to savé, to 
help', OE beorgan 'to savé, to protéct, to 
defenď, WFris bergje 'to keep', OS bergan 
id., OHG bergan id. Identical with Slav 
*bergti id., cf. also Lith birginti 'not to 
spend much', Osset em-barzyn 'to cover'. 
Kirchhoff KZ I 39; Zupitza Gutt. 177; 
Persson Beitrdge 927; Meringer IF 
XVIII 262; Torp-Falk 265; Traut- 
mann BSW 31; Holthausen AEE]V 20; 
Feist 76; Jóhannesson IEW 624; 
Pokorný I 145; Chemodanov SGGJa 
I 81; Fraenkel 44; Abaev AION-L IV 
33; Vries ANEW 39; Onions 108; 
Benveniste 152; Seebold 106-107; Leh- 
mann GED 58; Trubachev ESSJa I 
189-191 (follows Mikugkij in comparing 
these forms with Lith gefbti 'to praise'); 
Lloyd-Springer I 554-556; Kluge- 
Seebold 99. 

*foer35 sb.f.: ON bjqrg 'help, deliverance', 
OE heáfod-beorj 'head-shelter, helmeť, 
OFris here-berge 'inn', OS heri-berga id., 
OHG her-berga id. Derived from *ber%a- 
nan. Holthausen AEE]V 20; Vries 



ANEW 41; Seebold 107; Bammesberger 
Nom. 109. 

*berxta-líkaz adj.: ON bjart-ligr 'clear', 
OE beorht-líc 'bright, light, clear', OS 
berht-lik 'bright'. Derived from *berxtaz. 
Heidermanns 124. 

*berxtaz adj.: Goth bairhts 'bright, clear, 
manifest', ON bjartr 'bright', OE beorht 
'bright, light, clear', OS berht id., OHG 
beraht id. Identical with W berth 'beautiful' 
< *bherg-t-, Slav sbst. *berstb 'elm'. Fur- 
ther related to Skt bhrajate 'to shine, to 
beam', Av brazaiti id., Alb bardhe 'white'. 
Forsterman K£l 104; Zupitza Gutt. 188 
Bartholomae 972; Torp-Falk 264-265 
Feist 76-77; Holthausen AEEW 20 
Karsten VB II 324; Mayrhofer II 
529-530; Pokorný I 139; Vries ANEW 
39; Onions 118; Lehmann GED 58; 
Lloyd-Springer I 545-546; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 256; Heidermanns 1 23 — 
124; Orel AĚ» 17. 

*berxtín sb.f.: Goth bairhtei 'brightness, 
clarity', ON birti id., OE birhtu id., OHG 
berahtT 'clarity'. Derived from *berxtaz. 
Holthausen AEE]V 23; Feist 76; Vries 
ANE][ T 37; Lehmann GED 58; Heider- 
manns 124. 

*berxtjanan wk.vb.: Goth bairhtjan 'to ex- 
hibit, to show, to disclose', ON birta 'to 
illuminate, to brighten', OE ^e-birhtan 'to 
make bright', OHG part. gi-beraht 'bright- 
eneď. Derived from *f>erxtaz. Torp- 
Falk 263-264; Holthausen AEEW 2"í; 
Feist 76; Vries ANE]V 37; Lehmann 
GED 58; Heidermanns 124. 

*berilaz sb.m.: Burg *berils 'bearer', ON 
berill 'barrel (for fluids)', OS biril 'basket', 
OHG biril 'big poť. Derived from *bera- 
nan (Schulze K£ LXX 258). Vries 
ANEW 33, 68 (altematively, from MLat 
barillus 'keg'); Seebold 105; Kobler 709. 

*berkinaz adj.: ON birkinn 'related to 
birch', OE bircen, beorcen id., OHG birkin 
id. Derived from *berko. Vries ANE]V 
37. 

*berkjon sb.n./f.: ON coll. birki 'birch', 
OE birce 'birch', OS birka id., OHG birca 
id. Derived from *berko. Zupitza Gutt. 



berkjon 



43 



beii3anan 



196; Torp-Falk 263; Holthausen 
AEEW1Z; Pokorný I 139; Vries ANEW 
37; Zalizniak II 216. 

*foerkó sb.f.: ON bjqrk 'birch', OE beorc id., 
OS herka id. Related to Skt bhurjá- 'kind 
of birch', Lat fraxinus 'ash', and especially 
to Lith béržas 'birch', OPrus berse id., 
Slav *berza id. Cf. also Dac pln. Bers-ovia. 
Wiedemann IF I 512; Hirt IF X 53; 
Torp-Falk 263; Kretschmer Festschr. 
Bezzenberger 94; Holthausen AEEW 20; 
Walde-Hofmann I 544; Feist 87 (on 
Goth bercna 'A-rune of the Gothic Runic 
alphabeť < *berkno); Pokorný I 139; 
Fraenkel 40-41; Vries ANEW 41; 
Zalizniak II 216; Onions 96; Truba- 
chev ESSJa I 201-203; Lehmann GED 
66; Kluge-Seebold 112. 

*foernjó(n) sb.f.: ON bima 'she-bear', OE 
byrene id., OHG birin id. Derived direcdy 
from *beron I or from *bernuz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 24; Vries ANEW 37. 

*foernuz sb.m.: ON bjorn 'bear', OE beorn 
'man, prince, nobleman'. Derived from 
*beron I. Torp-Falk 263; Holthausen 
AFFW 'l\\ Specht 120; Pokorný I 136; 
Vries ANE1V 4-1; Zalizniak II 220. 

*ber5n I sb.m.: Burg *bers 'bear', OSwed 
prop. Biari, OE bera 'bear', OS bero id. 
(in prop.), OHG bero id. Close to Lith 
béras 'brown' (with a long grade), Toch 
A parno, B perné 'radiant, luminous'. 
Fórsterman K£ I 497; Zupitza Gutt. 31 
Torp-Falk 263; Gottlieb Anim. 39-41 
Holthausen AEEW 21; Pokorný I 136 
Fraenkel 39; Zalizniak II 220; Onions 
83; Stang LS 15; Lloyd-Springer I 
563-565; Bammesberger jYom. 176 (to 
Gk 9r|p 'animal', Lith žveris id., Slav 
*zvěrb id.); Kóbler 709; Kluge-Seebold 
79-80. 

*foerón II sb.m.: ON á-beri 'accuser', OE 
-bera 'porter, bearer', OFris -bera id., OS 
-bero id., OHG -bero id. Derived from 
*beranan. Holthausen AEE]V 21; Vrtes 
ANEW 33. 

*ber|5ran sb.n.: OE beorúor 'child birth'. 
Close to Gk tpáperpov 'stretcher', see 
*beranan (Bammesberger Nom. 85). Holt- 



hausen AEEW 21; Pokorný I 129; Frisk 
II 1003-1004. 

*foeučtanan str.vb.: Goth ana-biudan 'to 
bid, to commanď, ON bjóda 'to offer', 
OE beódan 'to command, to order, to 
announce', OFris biada id., OS biodan id., 
OHG biotan id. Related to Skt bódhati 'to 
wake, to be awake', Av baoSmt- 'becom- 
ing aware', Gk 7ieĎ9o|iai 'to give notice', 
Slav *bl'udq, *bl'usti 'to observe, to keep, 
to protéct', and, with nasalization, Olr 
ad-bond- 'to announce' and the like 
(Meyer Goth. 61). Bugge KZ XIX 
(1870) 441; Bartholomae 917-918; 
Torp-Falk 274; Holthausen AEE]V 
19-20; Lané Language XIV 27 (adds 
Toch A pot-, B paut- 'to honor, to flatter'); 
Feist 41; Jóhannesson IEW 607-608; 
Porzig Gliederung 122; Mayrhofer II 
449-450; Pokorný I 150-151; Fraen- 
kel 62; Frisk II 625-626, GHÁ XLIV 
21-23; Vries ANEW 40; Onions 93; 
Seebold 108-110; Trubachev ESSJa II 
136-137; Lehmann GED 30; Kluge- 
Seebold 109. 

*foeučtaz sb.m.: Goth biups 'table', ON 
bjódr id., OE beód id., OS biod id., OHG 
biet id. Derived from *beudanan (Uhlen- 
beck PBB XXX 268). Grienberger 
Got. 50 (to *budmaz ~ *butmaž); Brug- 
mann Grundrifi 11/ 1 155; Petersson IF 
XXIII 395 (to *baupaz); Stroh DWG 15; 
Torp-Falk 275; Holthausen AEE]V 19; 
Feist 97; Pokorný I 151; Vries ANEW 
40; Zalizniak I 129; Seebold 109 
(against Uhlenbeok); Lehmann GED 74; 
Bammesberger Nom. 60; Kluge-Seebold 
105. 

*beu3anan ~ *foÚ3anan str.vb.: Goth 
biugan 'to bow, to benď, ON pret. pl. bugu 
id., OE bú^an id., OS pret. bog id., pres. 
bugan, OHG bíogan id. Related to Skt bhu- 
játi id., Ir jid-bocc 'wooden bow' (Uhlen- 
beck PBB XXX 268; Thurneysen K'Z 
XLVIII 65), Lidr bugti 'to frighten', Slav 
*brbgati 'to benď (Il'inskh RFV LXII 
253-259). Zupitza Gutt. 218; Torp- 
Falk 273; Berneker I 366 (Slav *b~bgaú 
may be a metathesis of *gr>bati id.); Wood 



beu3anan 



44 



bi 



MPV 270 (from IE *bheuk-); Trautmann 
BSW 39; Holthausen AEEW 38; Feist 
96; Jóhannesson IEW 606-607; Mayr- 
hofer II 504-506; Pokorný I 152-153; 
Fraenkel 37; Vries ANEW 40; Onions 
111; Seebold 110—111; Benveniste IEL 
111; Trubachev ESSJa 115; Lehmann 
GED 73; Kluge-Seebold 108. 

*beu3az ~ *beu3Ón adj.: ON bjúgr 
'bowed, benť, OHG sbst. biogo 'bend, 
curve'. Derived from *beu^anan ~ *bú3a- 
nan. Torp-Falk 273; Pokorný I 151; 
Vries ANEW 41. 

*beura-saliz sb.m.: ON bjór-salr 'beer- 
hall', OE beór-sele id. Compound of neu- 
raz ~ *beuran and *saliz. Carr Nom. 
comp. 80 (parallel formations). 

*beuran sb.n.: ON bjórr 'beer' (mase), OE 
beór id., OFris biar id., MLG ber id., OHG 
bior id. Borrowed from Rom *biw(e)r < 
*biber 'wine, drink' ~ LLat biber id. (Lind- 
ouist DK 29-30). Zupitza Gutt. 15; 
Kluge PBB XXXV 570 (ON < OE); 
Torp-Falk 276 (from *beuzan); Holt- 
hausen IF LX 280 (< *brm-ra-); AEEW 
20; Vries ANEW 40; Zalizniak II 166; 
Onions 85; Kluge-Seebold 108 (to 
*brewwanan). 

*bewwanan str.vb.: OE 1 sg. beó, bíom 'to 
be', OFris 1 sg. bim id., OS 1 sg. bium id., 
OHG 1 sg. bim id. Related to Skt bhávati 
'to become, to be', Av bavaiti id., Gk ipíxo 
'to bring fordr, to produce, to begeť, Lat 
perf. Jut 'I was', OLat fui id., Lith búti 
'to be', Slav *byti id. OE beó '(I) am' is a 
relic of an old paradigm also reflected 
in Lat_/zo < *Jío, pass. of facio, Olr -biu, 
both from *bhuiio (Osthoff Perf. 426). 
Bartholomae 927-933; Torp-Falk 272; 
Holthausen AEE]V 20; Walde-Hofmann 
I 504-505, 557-558; Mayrhofer II 
485-487; Pokorný I 149; Fraenkel 68; 
Frisk II 1052-1054; Seebold 112-115; 
Trubachev ESSJa III 155. 

*bewwu sb.n.: ON bygg 'barley', OE béow 
id., OS bewo 'seeď. Related to *bow- 
(w)anan. Torp-Falk 273; Holthausen 
AEEW 21; Vries ANEW 66; Pokorný 
I 149. 



*bě3anan str.vb.: OHG bagan 'to scold, to 
háve a row'. Close to Olr bágaíd 'to fighť 
(Zimmer KZ XXXVI 447-454). Torp- 
Falk 257; Seebold 93-94. 

*bě3az sb.m.: ON bag)' 'contest, strife', OE 
ba3 'bragging, boasting', OS bag 'praise', 
OHG bag 'quarrel'. Derived from *iěsa- 
nan. Torp-Falk 257; Jóhannesson IEW 
598-599; Pokorný I 115; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 96; Vries ANEW 22-23, See- 
bold 93-94. 

*bě3ěnan wk.vb.: ON baga 'to quarrel', 
OFris baga 'to boasť, OHG bagen 'to 
quarrel'. Derived from *be^az. Torp- 
Falk 257; Vries ANEW 69; Seebold 94. 

*bějanan wk.vb.: OHG baen 'to warm 
(with a compress)'. A parallel derivational 
variant of *bakanarit Torp-Falk 256; 
Pokorný I 113; Kluge-Seebold 73 (to 
Slav *grěti 'to warm', supposedly from 
*g'hrě- > *trejanan > *bejanan). 

*bělan sb.n.: ON bál 'fláme, fire', OE běl 
id. Related to *bhel- 'white': Gk tpa^.- 
[^.]ói;' ^.eukÓi; (Hes.), Lith balas, cf. in par- 
ticular Skt bhála- 'light, shine, foreheaď, 
Slav *běh> 'white'. Persson Beitráge 
28-30; Torp-Falk 267; Holthausen 
AEEW 15; Mayrhofer II 496-497; 
Pokorný I 119; Fraenkel 32; Vries 
ANEW 23; Frisk II 988; Onions 70; 
Trubachev ESSJa III 79-81. 

*běriz adj.: ON bierr 'due, entitíed to', OE 
wiestm-bdre 'fruitful, fertile', OFris a-bar 
'obvious', MDu open-baer id., OHG danc- 
bari 'grateful'. Derived from *beranan. 
Karsten NB I 94-95; Torp-Falk 260- 
261; Pokorný I 131; Vries ANEW 69; 
Seebold 106; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 
100, 117, KZ CV 108; Heidermanns 
124-125. 

*běrón sb.f: ON bára 'wave', ME bare id., 
MLG bare id. Derived from *beranan. 
Torp-Falk 260; Vries ANEW 25; 
Pokorný 1131. 

*bi prep.: Goth bi 'by, about, over', OE be, 
bí 'by', OFris be, bi id., OS be, bi id., 
OHG bi id. Secondary lengthening of the 
stressed auslaut vowel in WGmc. Prob- 
ably connected with *umbi. Brugmann 



bi 



45 



bitraz 



Grundrifi II/2 820-821; Torp-Falk 270; 
Holthausen AEEW 22; Feist 88; 
Pokorný I 34; Sohmidt Studien 225-227 
(from IE */«'); Onions 131; Lehmann GED 
67; Griepentrog KZ CIV 122; Kluge- 
Seebold 92. 

*bibójanan ~ *biběnan wk.vb.: ON 
bifask 'to shake', OE beqfian 'to tremble, to 
quake', OFris beva 'to shake', OS bibon 
id., OHG biběn id. Reduplication related 
to Skt bháyate 'to fear, to be afraiď, Skt 
bibhéti id., Av ní-wyeiti id., OPras biatwei 
id., Slav *bojati s( id. (Meillet MSL 
XIV 346). Kluge KZ XXVI 85-86; 
Wackernagel KZ XLI 305-309 (against 
the above etymology); Bartholomae 
927; Torp-Falk 271; Holthausen 
AEEW 23; Mezger K'Z LXXII 127; 
Mayrhofer II 431, 471-472; Pokorný I 
162; Vries AMEW 35; Trubaohev ESSJa 
II 163-164; Kluge-Seebold 88. 

*bidan sb.n.: ON bii 'biding, waiting, 
delay', OE bíd 'delay, abiding'. Derived 
from *bidanan. Holthausen AEEW 22; 
Bammesberger Mom. 56. 

*bidilaz sb.m.: ON biňill 'wooer, suitor', OE 
adj. bédul 'prayerful, supplianť (< *biiu- 
laz), OHG bitil 'swain, suitor, solicitor. 
Derived from *biďjanan. Holthausen 
AEE1\'9; Vries AMEW 35; Seebold 92. 

*bidjanan str.vb.: Goth bidjan 'to ask, to 
pray', ON bidja 'to beg, to pray', OE bid- 
dan 'to ask, to pray', OFris bidda id., OS 
biddian id., OHG bitten id. Derived from 
*bldanan (Osthoff PBB VIII 140-143). 
Schweizer KZ I 561 (to Skt badhate 'to 
press, to force'); Cuny REA 1910 10-13 
(from Celtic); Bezzenberger BB XVI 252 
(with doubts, to * g u hedh-); Zupitza Gutt. 
31 (samé as Bezzenberger); Osten- 
Sacken IF XXIII 377; Kern TNTL I 
32-37 (to IE *bhedh- 'to bow'); Meillet 
BSLXKW 23-24 (to IE * g»hedh-); Torp- 
Falk 258; Holthausen AEE]V 22; Feist 
89; Pokorný I 114; Vries AMEW 35; 
Seebold 91-93; Onions 93; Benveniste 
IEL 500; Meid Germ. Rek. 109; Lehmann 
GED 67-68; Kluge-Seebold 114. 

*bidó sb.f: Goth bida 'request, prayer, 



beaď, OE běd 'prayer, supplication' 
(neut.), OFris bede id., OS běda id., OHG 
beta id. Derived from *biďjanan or direcdy 
from *bidanan. Holthausen AEE]V 19; 
Feist 88-89 (to Skt badhate 'to press, to 
force'); Pokorný I 114; Seebold 93; 
Benveniste IEL 501; Lehmann GED 
67; Bammesberger Mom. 110; Kluge- 
Seebold 104; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*bidójanan wk.vb.: ON bioa 'to bide a 
biť, OE on-bídian 'to waiť, OFris bidia 
id., OS bidon 'to remain'. Derived from 
*bidanan. Holthausen AEE]V 22; Vrtes 
AMEW 35; Seebold 95. 

*bilan ~ *bilaz sb.n./m.: ON bil 'mo- 
ment', OHG bil 'a moment when the 
hunted game stands on guarď. If derived 
from *bhei- 'to cut, to strike' (Lidén KZ 
LXI 13), identical with Slav *bilo 'beater'. 
Noreen Abrijt 227 (to Lidr bailús 'fearful'); 
Torp Festschr. Unger 172—172 (to *bhi as in 
Gk á|i(pí 'about, on both sides of '); Vries 
AMEW 36. 

*bilaz adj.: OE bile-wit 'merciful, mild, 
gentle', MHG bil-wiz 'cobolď. Close to 
Mír bil 'gooď < *bhili- and probably Gk 
cpíXoq 'beloved, dear'. Meringer IF 
XVIII 284-286; Holthausen AEEW 23; 
Pokorný I 153-154; Frisk II 1018-1020. 

*bitan sb.n.: ON bit 'bite', OHG gi-biz 
'rein, biť. Derived from *bítanan. Vries 
AMEWS&; Seebold 97. 

*bitójanan wk.vb.: ON bita 'to divide 
with cross-beams, to cut into bits', OE 
grist-bitian 'to gnash', OHG bizzon 'to 
crunch, to gnash'. Derived from *biton. 
Holthausen AEEW 25; Vries AME]V 38; 
Seebold 97. 

*bitón sb.m.: ON biti 'bit, cross-beam, 
girder', OE bita id., OFris kor-bita 'conse- 
crated piece', MDu bite 'morsel, biť, 
OHG bizzo 'bit, wedge'. Derived from 
*bítanan. Torp-Falk 270; Holthausen 
AEEW 24; Pokorný 1116; Vries AMEW 
38; Onions 97; Seebold 97. 

*bitraz adj.: ON bitr 'biting, sharp', OE 
biter 'bitter, sharp, severe', OS bittar 'bit- 
ter', OHG bittar 'sharp, bitter'. Derived 
from *bitanan. Marstrander MTS III 



bitraz 



4(3 



blactron 



312; Karsten NB II 254; Niedermann IF 
XXXVII 145-147 (to Slav •bridbkb 
'sharp, bitter'); Torp-Falk 270; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 25; Pokorný 1116; Vries 
ANEW 38; Onions 97; Seebold 97; 
Lehmann GED 58-59; Bammesberger 
Nom. 247; Hefdermanns 126-127; Kluge- 
Seebold 114. 

*bitulaz sb.m.: ON bitull 'biť, OE bitol, 
bytol 'rein', MHG bizzel Tittle biť. De- 
rived from *bitan. Holthausen AEEW 
25; Vries ANEW 38; Seebold 97. 

*bituliz ~ *bitulaz sb.m.: Dan bille 'bee- 
tle', OE bítel 'beede, biting'. Derived from 
*bitan or direcdy from *bitanan. Cf. *bitu- 
laz. Torp-Falk 270. 

*foíčtanan str.vb.: Goth bádán 'to waiť, 
ON bída id., OE bídan 'to bide, to abide, 
to continue, to waiť, OFris bída 'to waiť 
(usually wk.), OS bidan id., OHG bitan id. 
Related to Gk jteí0O|iai 'to be persuaded, 
to obey', Lat fído 'to trusť. Wood MP 
IV 489-490; Torp-Falk 270; Walde- 
Hofmann I 493-494; Feist 86-87; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 22; Trier Z dph LXX 
341—342 (to Y.aX.fiscus 'basket, chesť, Icel 
biSa 'milk ttib' and the like); Jóhannes- 
son IE]V 604; Pokorný I 117; Vrdís 
ANEW 35; Frisk II 487-488; Benveniste 
IEL 95—98 (the originál meaning in Ger- 
manic: 'attendre avec confiance'); Chan- 
traine 868-869; Onions 93; Seebold 
94—96 (to Latv gaidít 'to waiť); Lehmann 
GED 56, 65-66. 

*bíó(n) sb.f: ON bý 'bee', OE beó id., 
OFris be id., OS bia id., OHG bia id., cf. 
blan id. (mase.). Cf. WGmc *binjan ~ *bino 
> OS bini- (in compounds), bina id., 
OHG bini id., bina id. Somehow related 
to ha.t Jucus 'drone' < *bhoi-ko-, Olr bech 
id. < *bhi-ko-, W by daf 'beehive , Lith bité 
id., Slav *bbčela 'bee' (Fick I 490; Meil- 
let MSL XIV 476-478). Pedersen Kelt. 
Gr. I 367, 537; Kluge Glotta III 280 
(reconstructs *bhouk'-'o- for Gmc and Lat); 
Torp-Falk 271; Johansson ZF III 225 (to 
Lat fůcus 'drone' < *bhoiko-\ K? XXXVI 
358; Walde-Hofmann I 555- 556; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 18, 24; Pokorný I 116, 



163; Fraenkel 45; Vries ANEW 66; 
Zalizniak II 220; Onions 84; Truba- 
ohev ESSJa III 91, 104-105; Kluge- 
Seebold 108. 

*bítan ~ *bítaz sb.n./m.: Goth anda-beit 
'reproach, rebuke, £7utinía', ON hiel-bítr 
'shadower', OE and-bita 'unleavened 
breaď. Derived from *bitanan. Feist 46; 
Seebold 97. 

*bítanan str.vb.: Goth beitan 'to bite', ON 
bita id., OE bitan id., OFris bita id., OS 
bitan id., OHG bizan id. Related to Skt 
bhinátti 'to split, to cleave, to pierce', Gk 
<peí8o|iai 'to spáre', Lat findo 'to spliť. 
Torp-Falk 270; Feist 87; Holthau- 
sen 24; Walde-Hofmann I 500-501; 
Jóhannesson IE] V 602-604; Mayrhofer 
II 500; Pokorný I 116-117; Vries 
ANEW 38; Frisk II 999-1000; Seebold 
96-99; Onions 97; Lehmann GED 66; 
Kluge-Seebold 94. 

*bíblan sb.n.: ON bíldr 'axe, an instrument 
for bleeding' (mase.), MLG bil 'axe', 
OHG bihal 'axe'. Cf. also WGmc *bidlan 
> OE bili 'crooked double-edged sword, 
bili, falchion', OS bili 'sworď, MHG bil 
'piek'. Continues IE *bh(e)i-tlo- (Holt- 
hausen AEEW 23) also reflected in Slav 
*bidlo 'rake, pole, plectrum' (Trubaohev 
Etim. 46). Torp-Falk 269; Pokorný I 
118; Vries ANEW 36; Onions 94; Tru- 
baohev Rem. 130-132 (on Slav *-dlo < IE 
*-tlo-m), ESSJa II 94-95. 

*bladan sb.n.: Burg *blap 'blade, edge', 
ON Had 'leaf, blade', OE bliti id., OFris 
-bled id., OS blad id., OHG blat id. 
Identical with Toch A pdlt, B puta id. and 
related to *bloanan (Hirt Urgerm. II 41). 
Torp-Falk 283; Holthausen AEEW 25; 
Pokorný I 122; Vries ANEW 41; Zaliz- 
niak I 139; Onions 98; Lehmann GED 
76; Kluge-Seebold 116; Adams TB 388. 

*blaďrón ~ blěčtrón sb.f: ON blaSra 
'bladder', OE blédre 'blister, pimple, blad- 
der', OS bladara 'bladder', OHG blatara 
'pock-mark'. Derived from *blěanan. 
Torp-Falk 283; Holthausen AEE]V 25; 
Pokorný 1121; Vries ANEW 41; Zaliz- 
niak I 155; Onions 98. 



blaxon 



47 



blankaz 



*blaxón sb.f.: ODan blaa 'oakum', OHG 
blaha 'rough linen cloth'. Related to Latv 
blaks 'even, smooth', Lith blakas 'equal'. 
Petersson Glotta IV 296-297 (to Lat 
floccus 'lock, flock'); Torp-Falk 285 (samé 
as Petersson); Pokorný I 161; Fraenkel 
47; Vries ANEW 46. 

*blaikaz adj.: ON bleikr 'pale, wan', OE 
blác 'shining, white', OS Mek id., OHG 
bleih 'yellowish, pale'. Derived from 
*blik(j)anan. Karsten MB I 58; Zupitza 
Gutt. 196; Torp-Falk 286; Holthausen 
AEEW 25; Pokorný I 156; Vries AMEW 
43; Onions 99; Seebold 1 1 8; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 237; Heidermanns 127- 
128; Keuge-Seebold 118. 

*blaikjanan wk.vb.: ON bleikja 'to bleach 
linen', OE bltécan id., MLG blěken 'to 
bleacheď, OHG bleihhen 'to bleach, to 
make pale'. Derived from *blaikaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 25; Vries AMEW 
43; Onions 99; Heidermanns 127. 

*blaik(j)5n sb.f.: ON bleikja 'chalk painť, 
OHG bleihha 'make-up'. Derived from 
*blaikaz. Torp-Falk 286; Onions 99; 
Heidermanns 127. 

*blaitaz adj.: OE blát 'pale, Uviď. 
Identical with Slav *bléd~b id. Further may 
be connected with *blaikaz. Schmidt 
Voc. II 71; Torp-Falk 286; Holthausen 
AEEW 26; Otrebski LP I 122 (adds Lith 
blaívas 'pale' ?< Hlaidvas); Pokorný I 
160; Stang LS 15; Trubachev ESSJa II 
111-112; Lehmann GED 75; Heider- 
manns 128. 

*blaitojanan wk.vb.: E bloat 'to bloať. 
Derivationally close to Gk <pA.oi8éco 'to 
seethe'. Further related to Gk <pXi8áco 
'to overflow with moisture, to be ready to 
bursť (Fiok III 286), Latv blídu, blíst 'to 
increase quickly'. Muhlenbach-Endzelin 
I 316; Pokorný I 156; Frisk II 1027- 
1028. 

*blakojanan wk.vb.: ON blaka 'to slap, to 
flutter', MDu blaken 'to shiver'. Probably 
connected with Lat flagrum 'whip, scourge, 
lash' (Zupitza Gutt. 213). Trautmann 
BB XXX 328; Torp-Falk 284; Walde- 
Hofmann I 511-512; Pokorný I 154. 



*blakrójanan wk.vb.: Norw blaha 'to 
flash'. Identical with Lat flagro 'to fláme, 
to blaze, to burn' and further with Gk 
tykíyw 'to burn'. See *blankaz. Torp- 
Falk 284; Walde-Hofmann I 510-511; 
Pokorný I 124-125; Frisk II 1022-1024; 
Lerchner 34-35. 

*blandan sb.n.: ON i bland 'among', OE 
3e-blond 'mixture'. Derived from *blanůa- 
nan. Seebold 1 16. 

*blančtanan str.vb.: Goth blandan 'to mix, 
to mingle, to associate with', ON Manda 
'to mix', OE blandan id., MDu blanden id., 
OHG Montan id. Related to Lith blendžiů, 
blgsti 'to sleep, to mix food with flour', 
Slav *bli;dq, *ble } sti 'to err'. Further con- 
nected with *tlendaz. Brugmann IF 
XXXII 179-181; Lidén Studien 77; Torp- 
Falk 285; Trautmann BS]V 34; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 26; Feist 98-99; 
Jóhannesson IEW 646; Pokorný I 
157-158; Fraenkel 47-48; Vries AMEW 
42; Onions 99; Seebold 115-117; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa II 115; Lehmann GED 
74-75; Kluge-Seebold 118. 

*blanďjanan wk.vb.: OE blendan 'to 
blinď, OFris blenda, blinda id., MLG 
blenden, blinden id., OHG blenten id. Fac- 
titive of *bleniaz. Structurally identical 
with Lith Mandy ti 'to wander, to lower 
eyes', Slav *blqditi 'to wander, to forni- 
cate'. Torp-Falk 285; Fraenkel 47; 
Ktuge-Seebold 118. 

*blankaz adj.: ON blakkr 'pale, wan', 
poet. 'horše', OE blanc 'white, grey', 
MLG blanc 'lighť, OHG blanc 'bright, 
white'. Probably, a deverbative. The 
corresponding str. vb. *blenkanan, how- 
ever, is only marginally attested (MLG 
blinkeň) and may be secondary. Con- 
nected with WGerm *blakjanan 'to be 
visible' (OFris blesza, MLG blecken 'to 
bare', OHG blecken 'to shine') and further 
with *tlakrqjanan. Related to Gk cp^éyco 'to 
burn', Lat flagro id. Karsten jVB I 
52-53; FalkA/VFXLI 118; Torp-Falk 
284; Holthausen AEEW 86, 418; 
Walde-Hofmann I 5 1 0-5 1 1 ; Pokorný 
I 124- 125; Vries AJVEW 42; Frisk II 



blankaz 



48 



bleanan 



1023-1024; Heidermanns 129 (to OE 
bliec 'black'); Kluge-Seebold 115. 

*blankjanan wk.vb.: ON blekkja 'to 
impose upon', OE blencan 'to deceive, 
to cheať. Derived from *blankaz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 27; Vries ANEW 43; 
Onions 99; Hetoermanns 129. 

*blasaz adj.: ON sbst. blesi 'blaze, a white 
Star on a horse's foreheaď, OHG hlas 
'pale, white'. Hardly can be separated 
from *bhel- 'white' (Gk tfakóq and the 
like). Matzenauer IFXIII 170 (to Slav 
*plěšb 'baldness'); Torp-Falk 285; Holt- 
hausen AEETK 26; Pokorný I 158; Vries 
ANEW 43; Onions 99; Rluge-Seebold 
116. 

*blautaz adj.: Burg *blauts 'bare', ON 
blautr 'soft, fainť, OE bleát 'miserable, 
wretcheď, OFris blat 'poor', MLG bloot 
'uncovereď, MHG bloz id. Probably con- 
nected with <fkax>po<; 'petty, paltry, indif- 
ferenť, <pXu8apó<; 'soft'. Karsten NB I 
62; Torp-Falk 287; Muller AIWim (to 
Lat jlacceo 'to be flabby'); Holthausen 
AEEW 26; Pokorný I 159; Vries ANEW 
43 (to (pta)8áco 'to háve an excess of mois- 
ture'); Onions 101; Lehmann GED 75 
(with pre-Gmc *d, related to *blaupaz)\ 
Lůhr Expr. 267-268; Heidermanns 130— 
131; Kluge-Seebold 12. 

*blaubaz adj.: ON blauSr 'weak, efemi- 
nate', OE bleáo 'gentle, timid, peaceful', 
OS bloth 'fearful, despondenť, OHG blodi 
'apathetic, tedious'. Related to *blautaz. 
Wood MLN XV 326 (to Skt mlayati 'to 
wither, to fade'); Torp-Falk 287; Hol- 
thausen AEE]V 26; Pokorný I 159; 
Vries ANEW 43; Peeters IF XCIV 
295-296; Lehmann GED 75; Heider- 
manns 131-132; Kluge-Seebold 120. 

*blaubín sb.f: ON bleyoi 'cowardice', OS 
blothl id., OHG blodi 'apathy'. Derived 
from *blaupaz. Vries ANEW 44; Hei- 
dermanns 131. 

*blaubjanan wk.vb.: Goth blaupjan 'to 
make powerless, to bring to naughť, ON 
bleyba 'to lose hearť, OS part. gi-blóthid 
'despondenť, OHG bloden 'to invalidate, 
to fear'. Derived from *blaupaz. Torp- 



Falk 287; Feist 99; Holthausen AEE]V 
26; Karsten NB II 391-392; Vries 
ANEW 44; Lehmann GED 75; Lůhr Expr. 
267-268; Heidermanns 131. 

*blendaz adj.: Goth blinds 'blinď, ON 
blindr id., OE blind id., OFris blina id., OS 
blind id., OHG blint id. Related to Liťh 
blandús 'unclean', blqsti 'to sleep, to mix 
food with flour', Slav *bl(sti 'to err'. Cf. 
*blandanan. Torp-Falk 285; Feist 100; 
Holthausen AEEW 27; Wissmann NP 
82; Karsten JVB I 27; Fraenkel 
196-197; Stang LS 15; Pokorný I 157; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 85; Fraenkel 
47-48; Vries ANEW 44; Onions 100; 
Seebold 116; Lehmann GED 75-76; 
Bammesberger Nom. 240-241, 256; Hei- 
dermanns 133-134; Kluge-Seebold 119. 

*blendín sb.f: ON blindi 'blindness', OS 
blindi id., OHG blinti id. Derived from 
*blendaz. Heidermanns 134. 

*blendjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-blindjan 'to 
blind, to make blind', OFris blinda 'to 
blindfold'. Derived from *blendaz. Feist 
100; Vries A/VET I 7 44; Heidermanns 134. 

*blendójanan wk.vb.: ON blinda 'to 
blinď, OFris blindia id. Derived from 
*blendaz. Heidermanns 134. 

*bleu3az adj.: ON bljúgr 'bashful, shy', 
MHG bliuc id. See *blautaz? Torp-Falk 
287-288 (to Lidi blúkštu 'to become 
slack'); Pokorný I 159; Vries ANEW 44. 

*bleusan ~ *bleusón sb.n./m.: ON 
blys 'torch', OE blysa id. Connected with 
*bhleus- in Gk Ttepi-jtEtpAetKJnivoí ictípí 
'burned by fire all arounď. Holthau- 
sen AEEW 28; Pokorný I 159. 

*blewwanan str.vb.: Goth bliggwan 'to 
beat, to strike', ME bléwe id., MLG 
blouwen id., OHG bliuwan id. Of unknown 
origin. Osthoff KZ III (NF) 84-85 (to 
Lat fllgo 'to strike, to strike down'); Wood 
MLN XV 327-328; Torp-Falk 287 
Feist 100; Gáters KZ LXXV 80-86 
Pokorný I 125 (to *balwari); Onions 102 
Seebold 120-122; Lindeman Verschárfung 
15.17, 20.4; Lehmann GED 75; Kluge- 
Seebold 119. 

*blěanan str.vb.: OE bláwan 'to blow', 



bleanan 



49 



bliwan 



OFris pret. sg. on-ble id., OHG part. 
-blaen id. Related to Lat_/?o id. Bremer 
PBB XI 278; Torp-Falk 283; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 26; Walde-Hofmann 
I 517; Jóhannesson IEW 627-628; 
Pokorný I 121; Onions 101-102; See- 
bold 117-118. 

*blějanan wk.vb.: MHG bltejen 'to bleať. 
Identical witír Lat_/feo 'to weep, to neigh', 
Latv bleju, blět 'to bleať, Slav *blějq id. 
(Holthausen KZ XLVII 310). Torp- 
Falk 284; Walde-Hofmann I 515-516; 
Pokorný I 154-155; Stang LS 15. 

*blěsanan str.vb.: Goth uf-blesan 'to 
blow up, to boasť, ON blása 'to blow', 
MLG Masen id., OHG blasan id. Em- 
phatic derivative of *blěanan. Torp-Falk 
283; Holthausen 26; Feist 511-512; 
Jóhannesson IEW 627-628; Pokorný I 
121; Vries AMEW 42; Onions 99; See- 
bold 120; Lehmann GED 373; Kluge- 
Seebold 115. 

*blěsman adj.: ON indecl. bltesma 'of 
a ewe in heať, OLFrank sbst. blasmo 
'torch'. Derived from *blěsanan. Vries 
AMEW4S. 

*blěstaz ~ *blěstuz sb.m.: ON blástr 
'blast, breath', OE blést 'blasť, OHG 
Mast 'breath'. Derived from *blesanan. 
Torp-Falk 283; Holthausen AEE]V 26; 
Pokorný I 121-122; Vries AMEW 
42-43; Zalizniak II 199; Onions 98; 
Lehmann GED 373. 

*blěwaz adj.: ON Már 'blueish, dark blue', 
OE blé-h(ii)wen 'blueish, violeť, OFris 
blan 'blue', OS Máo 'blueish', OHG blao 
'blue, purple'. Related to Lat flavus 
'golden yellow', Olr Már 'yellow', W Mawr 
'grey, blue grey' (Persson Beitráge 31). 
Torp-Falk 285; Schwentner FB 69-74; 
Hirt Etym. 193 (from *mlěuo-, to Gk 
\ieXac, 'black'); Holthausen AEEW 25; 
Walde-Hofmann I 513-514; FsArsten 
MB II 191-192; Pokorný I 160; Vries 
AMEW 42; Lehmann Festschr. Starek 
57-58; Polome RBPH XLIV 110-112; 
Onions 102; Bammesberger Mom. 244; 
Heidermanns 135; Fvluge-Seebold 116. 

*blikan sb.n.: ON blik 'gleam', OS Mek 



'metal leaf, OHG Meh id. Related to 
*blik(j)anan. Torp-Falk 286; Pokorný I 
156; Vries AMEW 44; Zalizniak II 185; 
Seebold 119; Fvluge-Seebold 117. 

*blikójanan wk.vb.: ON bliká 'to shine', 
OE blician id. Derived from *blikan. 
Holthausen AEEW 27; Vries AMEW 4:4:; 
Seebold 119. 

*blikón sb.f: ON bliká 'flash, lightning', 
OE ofer-blice 'surface'. Derived from 
*blikan. Seebold 119. 

*blik(j)anan str.vb.: ON blíkja 'to gleam', 
OE blíean 'to shine', OFris bliká id., OS 
blikán id., OHG bi-blihhan id. A sufBxal 
formation related to *blipjaz. Cf. also Lith 
blykšti 'to pale', blyšketi 'to sparkle, to 
shine', Slav *blbstati 'to shine', *bliskati id. 
Zupitza Gutt. 196; Torp-Falk 286-287; 
Holthausen AEE]V 27; Jóhannesson 
IEW 644; Pokorný I 156; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 84; Vries AMEW 44; Fraenkel 
46; Onions 99; Seebold 118-120; Golb 
Origins 127; KujGE-Seebold 118. 

*blipín sb.f: Goth bleipei 'benevolence, 
merey', OHG herz-blídi 'joy'. Derived 
from *blip(j)az. Feist 99; Heidermanns 
132. 

*blipjanan wk.vb.: Goth bleifrjan 'to také 
pity, to be merciful', OHG Miden 'to 
rejoice'. Derived from *bltp(j)az. Feist 
99; Vries AMEJV 44; Heidermanns 
132. 

*blip(j)az adj.: Godr bleips 'kind-hearted, 
merciful', ON blídr 'gende, milď, OE 
blíbe joyful, glad, merry', OS Mithi 'shin- 
ing, lighť, OHG blidi 'merry, glaď. Con- 
tinues *mlíto- 'sweeť, cf. Hitt miliddu- ~ 
maliddu-, Luw *mlitu- (Heidermanns 133). 
Johansson PBB XV 226-227 (to Skt 
mláyati 'to fade, to wither'); Torp-Falk 
286; Bugge P55XIII 181-182 (separates 
a prefix *t-, further to Lith pa-líeti 'to 
pour in'); Johansson PBB XV 226-227; 
Feist 99; Holthausen AEE]V 27; 
Karsten MB II 443-444; Pokorný I 
155; Vries AMEW 44; Zalizniak I 
146; Lehmann GED 75; Heidermanns 
132-133. 

*bllwan sb.n.: ON blý 'leaď, OFris Mi id., 



bliwan 



50 



blotan 



OS bii id., OHG bilo id. Identical with 
Lith blývas 'violet blue'. Further related to 
*blipjaz and WGmc *bliwon 'color' > OE 
blío, OFris blien, OS bil, *blajjon > OE 
bláy 'blay (fish), gudgeon', MLG bleie id., 
G Blei(h)e id. Persson UUÁ 1891 109, 
173; Much ~DADL XLII 163 (from 
Celtic); Senn JEGP XXXII 509; Torp- 
Falk 287 (together with Gk nó^uP8o<;, 
lióXíPo? 'leaď and Lat plumbum id., from 
an unknown source); Holthausen AEEW 
25, 27; Pokorný I 155; Vries ANEW 
45-46; Zalizniak I 146; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 81; Onions 99; Lehmann GED 
75; Kluge-Seebold 117-118. 

*blčanan str.vb.: OE blówan 'to blow, 
to bloom, to blossom'. Corresponds to 
wk. *blqjanan elsewhere: OFris bloia, 
OS blojan, OHG bluoen. Related to Lat 
flo 'to blow', flos 'bloom, flower', Mír 
bláth id. See *Ďleanan. Torp-Falk 283- 
284; Holthausen AEEW 28; Walde- 
Hofmann I 518-519; Jóhannesson IEW 
626-627; Pokorný I 122; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 101; Onions 102; Seebold 
122; Lehmann GED 76; Fvluge-Seebold 
121. 

*blóďa3az ~ *bloďÍ3az adj.: ON blódigr 
'bloody', OE blódij id., OFris blodich id., 
OS blodag id., OHG bluotag, bluotlg id. 
Derived from *blodan. Vries A NES V 45 . 

*blóďa3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON blódga 'to 
make bleeď, OHG bluotagon 'to make 
bloody'. Derived from *bloda^az ~ *blodi- 
3a Z . Vries ANEW 44-45. 

*blódan sb.n.: Goth blop 'blooď (with 
*-/>-), ON Mód id., OE blód id., OFris blod 
id., OS blod id., OHG bluot id. Deriva- 
tionally identical to Mír bláth 'blossom', 
W blawd, OCorn blodon < IE *bhlb~-to- and 
further connected with *bloanan. Grien- 
berger Got. 52 (to "Lat Jlavus 'golden yel- 
low'); Hirt Ablaut 90 (to Gk \izXac, 
'black'); Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 269-270; 
Torp-Falk 283; Holthausen AEE]V 27; 
Feist 101; Pokorný I 122; Vries ANEW 
44-45; Zalizniak I 139; Onions 101; 
Lehmann GED 76—77; Fsluge-Seebold 
121 (to *bhel- 'to swell'). 



*bl5ďa-raučtaz adj.: ON blóó-raudr 
'blood-reď, OE blód-reád id., early G blut- 
rot id. Compound of *blodan and *raudaz. 
Carr Jíom. comp. 88 (parallel formations). 

*blóda-rennandz adj.: Goth blopa-rin- 
nands 'blood-running, bleeding', OE blód- 
yrnende 'having an issue of blooď, OFris 
blod-rennand id. Compound of *blodan and 
participle of *rennanan. Carr Jíom. comp. 
88 (parallel formations). 

*blóda-risaz adj.: ON indecl. blói-úsa 
'bruised and bloody', LG dial. Blut-rise id. 
Cf. also OFris blód-risne 'bleeding wound', 
MLG blotrisene id. Compound of *blodan 
and *risaz derived from *risanan. Vries 
ANEJV45. 

*blóčtjanan wk.vb.: ON blata 'to bleeď, 
OE blédan id., OFris bledá id., MLG bloden 
id., OHG part. bluotenti 'bloody'. Derived 
from *blodan. Holthausen AEE]V 27; 
Vries ANEW 46; Onions 99. 

*blóm5janan wk.vb.: ON blómask 'to 
bloom', OHG bluomon id. Derived from 
*blomon. Vries ANEW 45. 

*bl6món sb.m.: Goth bloma 'flower', ON 
blómi 'bloom, blossom', OFris bloma id., 
OS bldmo id., OHG bluomo id. Derived 
from *blóanan. Hirt Ablaut 90 (to Gk 
P^cÓcíkco 'to go, to come, to pass'); Meil- 
let Etudes 178; Petersson K£ XLVII 
290; Torp-Falk 284; Feist 100; Po- 
korný I 122; Zalizniak I 153; Onions 
101; Seebold 122; Lehmann GED 76; 
Kluge-Seebold 121. 

*bl5staz sb.m.: ODan blóstr 'blossom', 
MHG bluost id. Derived from *blóanan. 
Petr BB XXI 210 (to Slav *bl'uščb 'ivy'); 
Lehmann GED 76. 

*blóstran sb.n.: OHG bluostar 'sacrifice'. 
A similar form can be reconstructed for 
Gothic on ťhe basis of gup-blosireis 'wor- 
shiper of Goď. Derived from *blotanan. 
Feist 228; Seebold 123; Bammesberger 
Nom. 87. 

*bl5ta-xúsan sb.n.: ON blót-hús 'heathen 
house of worship', OHG bluoz-húz 'tem- 
ple'. Compound of *blótan and *xusan. 
Carr Nom. comp. 83 (parallel formations). 

*b!5tan sb.n.: ON blát 'sacrifice, worship', 



blotan 



51 



bokojanan 



OE blát id. Related to *blotanan. Torp- 
Falk 287; Holthausen AEE]V 28; Vries 
ANEW 4b; Seebold 123. 

*blótanan str.vb.: Goth blotan 'to serve 
(God), to honor (through sacrifice)', ON 
bláta 'to worship', OE blotan 'to sacrifice', 
OHG bluozan id. Probably related to 
*bloanan. Bugge BB III 98 (to Lat flamen 
'sacrificial priesť < *bhlád-men-); Grien- 
berger Got. 51-52 (to OHG bloz 'super- 
bus'); Osthoff BB XXIV 142 (samé as 
Bugge); Loewenthal ANF XXXV 231 
(to *bhel- 'to swell'); Meringer ^ÓG LIV 
398-399 (to Skt mlayati 'to wither, to 
fade'); Loewenthal PBB XLV 258-259 
(to *blodan); Torp-Falk 287; Holthausen 
AEEW 28; Feist 100-101; Walde- 
Hofmann 512—513; Jóhannesson IEW 
643; Krause GGA CCXII 54 (to Toch A 
plac, B pláce 'speech'); Pokorný I 154; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 87; Vries ANEW 
45; Seebold 122-123; Hamp IF LXXLX 
157 (to W blawdd 'to boast, to brag'); 
Puhvel KZ LXXLX 5 (foUows Walde- 
Horfmann); Lehmann GED 76. 

*b5 ptcl.: Goth -ba 'if, even if'. Related to 
Av ba 'truly', Gk <píj 'as', Lith ba 'so, yes', 
be 'anď, Slav *bo 'for, because' (Bader 
BSL LXVIII 39, 53). Grienberger Got. 
41 (syncopated form of *ebó); Bar- 
tholomae 912; Joseph IF LXXXVII 
166-169 (to Gk -<j<pa in néaipa 'until'); 
Lrautmann BSW 22-24; Feist 72; 
Pokorný I 113; Fraenkel I 28, Gnomon 
XXVIII 238; Frisk II 1007-1008; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa II 141-142; Lehmann 
GED 55. 

*bobon sb.m.: ON báji 'knave, rogue', OE 
prop. Boba, Bofa, OS prop. Bbvo, MLG 
bóve 'scam, scoundrel', Alam prop. Boabo, 
MHG buobe 'boy, servant'. Originally, a 
nursery word. Pokorný I 164 (short 
form of *Ďropar); Persson SVSLFK 253 (to 
Lat faba 'beán'); Wood MP XI 324 (samé 
as Persson); Torp-Falk 272; Jóhannes- 
son IEW 583 (to Icel babba 'to say, to 
talk, to chat'); Vries ANEW 47. 

*b03uz ~ *bo3az sb.m.: ON bógr 'shoul- 
der (of an animal)', OE bo3 'shoulder, 



arm', OFris bdg 'bow, branch', MLG boch 
'joint, shoulder, hip', OHG buog 'joint, 
shoulder, hip' (< *bo^iž). Identical with 
Toch A poke, B poko 'arm', Skt báhú- 'arm, 
fore-arm', Av bagu- 'arm', Gk Ttř\y\)<^ 
'elbow'. Zupltza Gutt. 205; Bartho- 
lomae 955-956; Torp-Falk 272; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 29; Mayrhofer II 429 
Pokorný I 108; Vries ANEW 47 
Zalizniak II 199; Frisk II 531-532 
Onions 109-110; Rix Sprache XXXII 
311-323; Bammesberger JVom. 156; 
Kluge-Seebold 143; Adams TB 403. 

*bójanan wk.vb.: OE bóian 'to boasť. 
Identical with Lat 1 sg. *for 'to speak' < 
*fa-i-or, Slav *bajq, *bajati 'to telí, to nar- 
rate' (Holthausen KZ XLVHI 238-239; 
Brugmann Grundrifi II/3 100, 197). 
Further related to IE *bha- 'to speak': Skt 
bhánati, Gk <pi\iií. Meillet BSL XX 31, 
161; Holthausen AEE]V 29; Walde- 
Hofmann I 525-526; Mayrhofer II 
469-470; Pokorný I 106; Frisk II 
1009-1010; Trubachev ESSJa I 138 
139. 

*bóka-listiz sb.f.: ON bók-list 'book learn- 
ing', OHG pl. mase. buoh-liste id. Com- 
pound of *bokz and Histiz. Carr Mom. 
comp. 83 (parallel formations). 

*bóka-stabaz sb.m.: ON bók-stafr 'letter, 
character' (if not from OE), OE bóc-stdf 
id., OS bok-staf id., OHG buoh-stab id. 
Compound of *boks and *stabaz. FÍROG- 
mann IF XLVIII 268; Torp-Falk 272; 
Vries ANEW 48; Ebbinghaus GL XXI 
194-197; Lehmann GED 77; Kluge- 
Seebold 142 (ON < OE). 

*bókjan ~ *bókj5n sb.n./f.: ON beéki 
'beech', OE béce id., OS bdkia id. Derived 
from *bdkz. Holthausen AEE]V 28; 
Pokorný I 107; Onions 84-85. 

*bókó sb.f.: Goth boka 'letter, character', 
OS boka 'beech', OHG buohha id. (o- and 
otf-stem). See *bb~kz. Forsterman KZ I 
237; Torp-Falk 271-272; Feist 102 
103; Pokorný I 107; Zalizniak II 206; 
Lehmann GED 77; Kluge-Seebold 141. 

*bókojanan wk.vb.: ON boka 'to affirm by 
oath on the book', OE bócian 'to give by 



bokojanan 



52 



bow(w)anan 



charter, to charter', OFris boha id., MLG 
boken id. Derived from *bokz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 28; Vries AMEW 48. 

*bokz sb.f.: ON bók 'beech; book', OE bóc 
'beech' (pardy neut.), OFris bok 'book', 
OS bok 'beech' (also neut.), OHG buoh 
'beech' (also neut. and mase). Related to 
Gk cpriyóg 'oak', Lat fagus 'beech', Gaul 
bago- in compounds, Slav *bbzb 'elder, 
Sambucus' (Hoops Waldbáume 126). 
Wissmann Buche passim; Osthoff BB 
XXrX 249-251 (from *bhaug-); Zupitza 
Gutt. 214; Bartholomae IF EK 271-272 
(on Kurd búz 'elm' < Irán *buz-)\ Torp- 
Falk 271-272; Holthausen AEEW 28; 
Walde-Hofmann I 445-446; Feist 
102-103; PaBler FuS 155-160; Pokorný 
I 107; Ghemodanov SGGJa I 90; Vries 
AMEW 47-48; Zaeizniak II 206; Frisk II 
1008; Onions 107; Lané KZ LXXXI 
197-212; Lehmann GED 77; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 197-198; Griepentrog 
]Vurzelnomina 41—45; Kluge-Seebold 
141. 

*bóniz sb.f.: ON bwn 'prayer, requesť, OE 
bén 'prayer, petition'. A derivative in *-ni- 
of *bojanan. Cf. in particular Arm ban 
'word, speech' < *bha-ni-, and also Gk 
cptovri 'sound, tone'. Torp-Falk 256; 
Holthausen AEE]V 29; Walde-Hof- 
mann I 525-526; Pokorný I 105-106; 
Vries AMEW 69; Frisk II 1009-1010; 
Szemerényi R'Z XLIII 122-123 (to 
*biajan); Bammesberger Mom. 148. 

*foosmaz sb.m.: OE bósum 'bosom', OFris 
bosem, bosm id., OS bosom id., OHG buo- 
sum id. Continues *bhos-mo- related to Skt 
bábhasti 'to blow', Gk \i?x>x<a id. Torp- 
Falk 272 (from *b~d~3-sma- related to 
*bó~3uz ~ *bó3az); Holthausen AEElť 
31; Pokorný I 101 (to IE *bheu- 'to 
swelT), 146; Onions 108; Kluge-Seebold 
147. 

*bóta-lausaz adj.: ON bóta-lauss 'getting 
no redress', OFris bot-las id. Compound 
of *boto and Hausaz. Garr Mom. comp. 
91 (parallel formations). 

*botjanan wk.vb.: Goth botjan 'to do 
good, to be of use', ON bata 'to better, to 



improve', OE bétan id., OFris beta id., OS 
botian id., OHG buozen 'to help, to excul- 
pate'. Derived from *botó. Torp-Falk 
258; Holthausen AEEW 29; Feist 103; 
Vries AMEW 69; Lehmann GED 78; 
Kluge-Seebold 147. 

*bótó sb.f: Goth bota 'advantage, benefit, 
good, usefulness, profit', ON bát 'cure, 
remedy, compensation' (traces of root 
stem), OE bát 'help', OFris botě 'improve- 
menť, OS bota id., OHG buoza id. 
Connected with *batiz. Wood MP XI 
323 (to Skt bhútí- 'well-being, prosperity, 
power'); Torp-Falk 258; Holthausen 
AEE]V 31; Feist 103; Pokorný I 106; 
Vries AMEW 51; Zalizniak II 206; 
Onions 107; Lehmann GED 78; Kluge- 
Seebold 147. 

*bópó sb.f: OSwed bop 'huť, MLG bode 
id., MHG buode id. Related to *bow(w)a- 
nan. Pokorný I 149. 

*bó(u) num.: Goth pl. bai 'both', ON bá-dir 
id., OE be^en (< *bó-jeno), bá id., OFris bě- 
the id., OS bě-thia id., OHG bi-de, bei-de 
id. Related to the second element of 
Toch A šmpi, B ant-api id., Skt u-bháu id., 
Gk cíuxpto id., Lat ambo id., Lith abú id., 
Slav *oba id. Sievers PBB X 495 (on 
OE); Schmidt KZ XXVI 384; Meringer 
KZ XXVIII 235-237 (Goth -ai under the 
influence of twai 'two'); Torp-Falk 255 
(Goth -op- in bajops id. = Lat -at- in nos- 
trátes 'ours'); Holthausen AEE]V 29 
Walde-Hofmann I 37; Feist 74, 77 
Mayrhofer I 107; Pokorný I 34-35 
Fraenkel 1; Frisk I 100; Vries AMEW 
22; Onions 109; Lindeman Verschdrfung 
1 1 .6; Lehmann GED 56; Jasanoff BSL 
LXXI 123-131 (Toch < *Hent-bho-); 
Lloyd-Springer I 513-515; Kluge- 
Seebold 93; Ross-Berns Mumerals 571— 
573; Adams TB 14; Burlak IFTJa 238; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*bów(w)anan str.vb.: Goth bauan 'to 
dwell, to inhabiť (pardy wk.), ON búa 'to 
dwell, to live', OE búan 'to dwell' (pardy 
wk.), OFris buwa, bowa id., OS búan id. 
Related to Skt bhávati 'to become, to be', 
Av bavaiti id., Gk cpúco 'to grow', Alb buj 



bow(w)anan 



53 



brakan 



~ buj 'to statě overnighť, Lat perf. ful 
'to be', Lith buti id., Slav *byti id. See 
*bewwanan. Schmidt K£ XXVI 1-4 
(Goth -au- < *-ow-); Kluge PBB VI 
381-383; Bartholomae 927-933; Torp- 
Falk 272; Holthausen AEE]V 38; 
Walde-Hofmann I 557-558; Feist 
83-84; Jóhannesson IEW 604-605; 
Mayrhofer II 485-487; Pokorný I 
146-149; Fraenkel 68; Frisk II 1052- 
1054; Seebold 124-128 (specifically to 
Skt bhňvayati 'to bring into being' and 
Slav *baviti 'to be slow, to stay'); 
Trubachev ESSJa I 168-170, III 155; 
Lehmann GED 63-64; Rluge-Seebold 
86; Orel AED 39. 

*foówwiz sb.m.: ON bar 'town, village, 
farm', OFris halj be 'half of the house'. 
Derived from *bow(w)anan. Seebold 
126. 

*fo5wwjanan wk.vb.: ON byggja 'to settle, 
to inhabiť, OE býan 'to inhabit, to stay', 
OFris buwa id., OS búan id., OHG buen, 
buwen id. Derived from *bow(w)anan. 
Holthausen AEE\ 1 ' 39; Vries ANE1 V 67; 
Seebold 125. 

*fora3ťlan ~ *hra3Čtaz sb.n/m.: ON 
'moment, quick movemenť, OE 
'deceit, frauď, OFris breud 'pulling'. 
Derived from *bre$ianan. Holthausen 
AEEW 32; Vries AMW 52; Van Wlnde- 
kens I 387 (to Toch A praňk, B prentse 
'moment'). 

*bra3nan sb.n.: OE brnčen 'brain', OFris 
brán id., MLG bragen, bragen, bregen id. A 
difficult word. Perhaps, originally an 
adjective *Ďrajnan (maz3an) 'upper (mar- 
row)' derived from IE *bhengh- 'high' and 
opposed to *maz3iz ~ *maz3an proper. 
On the other hand, the originál mean- 
ing of *b~ra3nan could be *'heaď. For the 
formation and meaning cf. Av barsšnu- 
'height, heaď. Torp-Falk 279; Hol- 
thausen AEE1 V 32 (to Gk ppexnóq 'top of 
the heaď); Onions 113. 

*braxsm6n sb.f: Norvv dial. brasma 
'bream (a kind of fish)', OS bressemo id. 
(mase), OHG brahsmo id. (mase), brahsma 
id. Probably derived from *brexanan ~ 



*brexojanan (Torp-Falk 278). Pokorný I 
142 (to *bhen>k- 'to shine'). 

*foraičtaz adj.: Goth braips 'broaď, ON 
breidr id., OE brad id., OFris brěd id., OS 
brid id., OHG breit id. Probably from 
*bhroi-to- based on IE *bhrei- 'to cuť 
(Wiedemann BB XXVIII 35). Bezzen- 
berger BB III 81 (to Lith beřti 'to pour 
out, to empty'); Petersson IF XXIII 392 
(samé as Bezzenberger, adds Lat frons 
'forehead'); Grienberger Got. 53 (to 
Lat brútus 'heavy, difficult' < *bhroito-)\ 
Johansson A"^XXX 451 (to Gk ppíOúq 
'heavy'); Bugge PBB XXIV 453-454 
(reconstructs *bhondo-)\ Karsten NB I 58; 
Siebs KZ XXXVII 306 (to *spriíarmn and 
Lith brýdoti 'to stand at arrest while wad- 
ing'); Loewenthal JVuS X 166-167 
(from *bhr-oitos 'wall-eyed'); Torp-Falk 
277; Feist 104; Holthausen AEEW 31; 
Trier Lehm 43; Vries ANEW 55; Onions 
119; Lehmann GED 79; Bammesberger 
Nom. 252; Heidermanns 136-137 (to 
*spndanari); Klajge-Seebold 134. 

*braidislan sb.n.: ON breizl 'cover', OE 
mase. (?) brddels 'anything spread, carpet, 
covering'. Derived from *braidaz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 32; Vries ANEW 55. 

*foraičtín sb.f: Goth braidei 'breadth', OE 
brédo id., OFris brěde id., OHG bráti id. 
Derived from *braiiaz. Holthausen 
AEEW 3,2; Feist 104; Onions 115; Hei- 
dermanns 137. 

*braiďjanan wk.vb.: Gouh us-braidjan 'to 
spread ouť, ON brada 'to spread', OE 
brédan 'to make broaď, OS bredian 'to 
spreaď, OHG bráten id. Derived from 
*braidaz. Holthausen AEE]V 32; Feist 
529; Vries ANEW 55; Lehmann GED 79; 
Heidermanns 137. 

*foraičtón sb.f.: ON brada 'drift, flock', OE 
bréde 'breadth', MLG brěde id., OHG 
hant-breita 'palm'. Derived from *braidaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 32; Vries ANE]\ r 55; 
Heidermanns 136. 

*brakan sb.n.: ON brak 'creaking noise', 
OE brate 'breaking, flowing, rheum', 
MLG brak 'burst, fracture', MHG brach 
'noise'. Derived from *brekanan. Similar to 



brakan 



54 



brautjanan 



Lat fiagor 'fragility'. Osthoff Morph. 
Unt. V 100 (adds Olr braigim 'to farť < 
*bhragió); Torp-Falk 277; Feist 104 (sep- 
arates *brakan from *brekanaň)\ Pokorný 
I 165; Vries ANEW 53; Seebold 133; 
Lehmann GED 79 (to Lat fiagor 'crash, 
noise'). 

*brakójanan wk.vb.: ON braka 'to creak', 
OS brakon 'to crash', MHG braken id. 
Derived from *brakan. Vries ANEW 53; 
Seebold 133. 

*brakón sb.m.: Norw brake juniper bush', 
E brake 'bush', MLG brake 'branch'. De- 
rived from *brekanan. Torp-Falk 277; 
Pokorný I 165. 

*branďa-raiďó sb.f.: ON brand-reii 
'grate', OE brand-rád 'branding roď, OS 
brande-réda 'grate', OHG brante-reita id. 
Compound of *brandaz II and *rait5. 
Carr Nom. comp. 46. 

*brandaz I sb.m.: ON brandr 'firebranď, 
OE brand id., OFris brand id., OS brand 
id., OHG hrant id. Derived from *bren- 
nanan (Charpentier Á^XL 462). Torp- 
Falk 263; Holthausen AEEW 32; 
Jóhannesson IEW 619-620; Pokorný I 
144-145; Vries ANEW 53-54; Zaliz- 
niak I 129 (identifies *brandaz I and II); 
Onions 114; Seebold 138; Kluge-See- 
bold 130. 

*brandaz II sb.m.: ON brandr 'blade of a 
sword', OE brand 'sword' (if not from ON), 
MHG brant id. Related to YjaX fions 'fore- 
heaď (Petersson KZ XXXLX 392). It 
can ako be just a metaphoric usage of 
*branda Z I. Petersson IF XXIV 40-42 
(to *buriaň); Holthausen AEEW 32; 
Walde-Hofmann I 551; Pokorný I 167; 
Vries zL/VETT 53; Zalizniak I 129; Onions 
114 (identical with *brandaz I). 

*bran3Ó(n) sb.f.: ON branga 'quarrel (?)' 
(hap. leg.), MLG brank 'íighť. Unclear. 
Falk Festschr, Bugge Kr. 13-14 (to 
*prans(j)anari)\ Vries ANE]V 53. 

*brannjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-brannjan 'to 
burn (trans.)', ON brenna id., OE bďfrnan 
'to kindle, to light, to burn', OFris barna 
'to burn (trans.)', OS gi-brennian id., OHG 
brennen id. Causative of *trennanan. 



Torp-Falk 263; Holthausen AEEW 15; 
Feist 176; Vries ANEW 56; Onions 128; 
Seebold 137; Lehmann GED 80; Kluge- 
Seebold 134; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*brannj5n sb.f: ON brenna 'fire', OHG 
brenne-fiiscing 'burning offering'. Derived 
from *brannjanan. Seebold 138. 

*brantaz adj.: ON brattr 'steep', OE brant 
'high, deep, steep'. Probably related to 
Latv bruSds 'roof ridge' (Persson Kí? 
XXXIII 292: Latv bruodins id.). Torp- 
Falk 279; Holthausen AEEW 32; 
Karsten NB II 229-230; Pokorný I 167; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 77; Vries ANEW 
54 (to *brandaz II); Heidermanns 137. 

*brast5janan wk.vb.: ON brasta 'to 
bluster', OHG braston 'to pelt down, to 
parter'. Derived from *brestanan. Che- 
modanov SGGJa I 75; Seebold 139. 

*braudan sb.n.: Crim. Goth broe 'bread', 
ON braud id., OE breád 'bit, morsel', 
OFris brad 'bread', OS brod id., OHG brot 
id. Continues IE *bhrou-tó- related to 
*brewwanan (Falk ANF XLI 117-118). 
Another accentual and apophonic type of 
the samé derivative in *-to- is represented 
by *brupan. Persson SVSU X 784-785; 
Schroder NG]\'G [1910] 13-15 (Goth 
broe < *broet); Torp-Falk 281; Holthau- 
sen IF XLVII 329 (reconstructs Goth 
*broc = OHG brocko 'hunk, chunk'), 
AEEW 33; Wood MUVXXV 72 (to Skt 
bhárvati 'to chew, to devour'); Feist 106; 
Pokorný I 145; Vries ANEW 54; 
Zalizniak I 139; Stearns CG 132 (fol- 
io ws Schroder); Onions 115; Seebold 
143; Lehmann GED 80-81; Bammesber- 
ger Nom. 79; Kluge-Seebold 137. 

*brauskaz adj.: ON breyskr 'brittle', MLG 
brosch id., G dial. brausch 'brittle, dry'. 
Despite morphological difficulties, de- 
rived from *breutanan. Holthausen KJ? 
XLVII 311; Torp-Falk 282; Pokorný I 
169; Vries ANEW 56 (reconstructs 
*brautiskaz)\ Heidermanns 138. 

*brautjanan wk.vb.: ON breyta 'to alter, 
to change', OE brytan 'to break'. Causa- 
tive of *breutanan. Holthausen AEEl\ r 
37; Vries ANEW 56; Seebold 141. 



brazclaz 



55 



breii3anan 



*brazďaz ~ *forezďaz sb.m.: Norw dial. 
bradd 'shore, bank', OE breord 'brim, mar- 
gin, rim', OHG brart 'edge, prow of a 
ship'. Related to *bruzčtaz. Torp-Falk 
266. 

*bre3Ůan sb.n.: ON brigd 'change, breach' 
(also fem.), OE bri^d 'change, variety'. 
Derived from *bre^ianan. Holthausen 
AEEW 34; Vries ANEW 56. 

*bre3Čtanan str.vb.: ON bregia 'to move 
swiftly', OE brejdan 'to move to and fro, 
to vibrate', OFris brada 'to pufl, to tug', 
OS part. brugdun 'knitted, tieď, OHG bret- 
tan 'to pull, to tug'. Derived from *brekanan. 
However, if 'moving swiftly' or 'vibrating' 
are older meanings, one could derive 
this verb from *brexanan ~ *brexajanan. 
Torp-Falk 278; Holthausen AEEW 
33; Feist 103-104; Jóhannesson IEW 
621-623; Pokorný I 142 (to *bhenk- 'to 
shine'); Vries ANEW 55 (to *bher- 
'fence'); Onions 113; Seebold 129-132; 
Lehmann GED 79 (to *brěswó ~ *irěxwo); 
Heidermanns 140. 

*brexanan ~ *brexójanan str./wk.vb.: 
ON brjá, brá 'to flicker' (wk.), MHG bre- 
hm 'to light up' (str. and wk.). Gonnected 
with Skt bhr&sate 'to shine, to glitter', Gk 
cpopKÓv Xěvkov, noX\6v, ptxjóv, Hes. 
Torp-Falk 278 (to Lith mérkti 'to shut 
(eyes)', Slav *mbrknqti 'to become dark', 
Gk á|iapijaaa) 'to sparkle, to twinkle'); 
Mayrhofer II 532 (the comparison with 
Skt "subjective Auswahl bleiben muB"); 
Pokorný I 141-142; Frisk II 1036. 

*brekan sb.n.: ON brek 'fraudulent pur- 
chase of lanď, OE breč 'breaking, crash, 
noise', MLG brek 'affliction, shortage'. 
Derived from *brekanan. Holthausen 
AEEW 33; Vries ANEW 55; Seebold 
132-133. 

*brekanan str.vb.: Goth brikan 'to break', 
OE brecan id., OFris breka id., OS brehm 
id., OHG brehhan id. Related to \^aXfrango 
id., Lith bróžti 'to whisk' (Curtius Gr. Et. 
542). Cf. WGmc derivative *brokaz ~ 
*brokan > OE bróc 'brook', MLG brok 
'marsh', OHG bruoh 'swamp'. Zupitza 
Gutt. 196, 214; Torp-Falk 277-278 (*tro- 



kaz ~ *trokan to Gk ppayóq' éXoq, Hes.); 
Holthausen AEE~W 33, 35; Walde- 
Hofmann I 541; Feist 105-106; 
Pokorný I 165; Fraenkel 35; Onions 
115, 120; Seebold 132-135; Lehmann 
GED 80; Kluge-Seebold 133. 

*brekón sb.m.: ON breki 'breaker', OE 
wiSer-breca 'adversary', OHG hus-brehho 
'burglar'. Derived from *brekanan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 33; Vries ANEW 55; 
Seebold 133. 

*brem(m)anan str.vb.: OE bremman 'to 
roar, to rage', OHG pret. bram 'rugie- 
bam' (*-»i-), MHG brimmen 'to roar'. 
Identical with Lat Jřemo 'to roar, to re- 
sounď, W brefu 'to bleať (Sohulze K^ 
XLV 55; Fick II 184). Persson Beitrdge 
36 (on Gk fSpé|ico 'to roar' with initial 
*b-); Osthoff Morph. Unt. V 93-94 (from 
*mrem-); Torp-Falk 279; Holthausen 
AEEW 33-34; Walde-Hofmann I 544- 
545; Pokorný I 143; Seebold 135-136. 

*brenďaz ~ brendón sb.m.: Swed brind, 
bunde 'elk', Norw bringe id. Close to 
Messap Ppév8ov ĚAatpov (Hes.), Ppév- 
tiov • fi KEcpaAri toú k\á.qo\) (Strabo), 
brunda 'caput červi' (isid.). Cf. Lidr bríedis 
'deer', OPrus braydis 'mooze' and Alb bri 
~ brí 'horn'. Bezzenberger BB XXIII 
299-300; Lowenthal WiiSXI 60; Torp- 
Falk 279; Mayer KZ LXVI 75-77, 
87—89 (on onomastics containing this 
stem); Pokorný I 168-169; Fraenkel 57; 
Toporov PJa I 244-245; Orel AED 
36-37. 

*bren3anan str.vb.: Goth briggan 'to 
bring', OE brin^an id., OFris bringa id., 
OS bringan id., OHG bringan id. Related 
to IE *bhrenk- in W he-brwng 'to bring, to 
leaď, Toch B praiik- 'to také away'. 
Brugmann IF XII 155-158 (from *bher- 
'to carry' and *enek- 'to reach'); Gau- 
thiot Mélanges Saussure 119-121 (follows 
Brugmann); Johansson PBB XV 227-228 
(prefix *b-\ related to Gk pí(j<po 'quick, 
fasť); Zupitza Gutt. 209; Torp-Falk 279; 
Pedersen KZ XXXLX 354 (to Arm 
bařnam 'to exalť < *bhorgh-n-)\ Holthau- 
sen AEEW 34; Feist 105; Pokorný I 



breri3aiian 



5(3 



bredanan 



168; Chemodanov SGGJa 1111; Onions 
118; Seebold 136-137; Lehmann GED 
79-80; Kluge-Seebold 136. 

*hren3Ďn sb.f.: ON bringa 'breast, chesť, 
OE brin^-ádl 'epilepsy'. Derived from 
*bren^anan. Torp-Falk 279 (to Icel bringr 
'hiU', and further to Lith brinkti 'to soak'). 

*brenkaz sb.m.: ON fem. brekka 'slope', 
ME neut. brinke 'bank, shore', MLG brink 
'edge of a field, hill'. Close to Toch B 
prenke 'island' (Van Windekens I 387). 
Zupitza Gutt. 197-198 (from IE *mreng- 
and further to *markan)\ Torp-Falk 277 
(to *brekanari); Pokorný I 167; Vries ANE1V 
55; Onions 118; Lerchner 50-51; 
Kluge-Seebold 136 (to *barmaz II). 

*brennanan str.vb.: Goth brinnan 'to burn 
(intr.)', ON brinna, brenna id., OE beornan 
id., OFris buma id., OS brinnan id., OHG 
brinnan id. Of unknown origin. It is not 
clear whether ON brimi 'fire', ME britn 
'embers' belong here. Kuhn K£ I 201; 
Bezzenberger BB XII 7 7 (to Lat furnus 
'stove'); Strachan BB XX 1 2 (to Mír do- 
e-prinn 'affiuiť); Abrahamson NTU VIII 
15-21; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. II 477-478; 
Persson Beitroge 784 (from *bhren-u-ó); 
Torp-Falk 263; Holthausen AEEW 24; 
Feist 106; Jóhannesson IEW 619-621; 
Pokorný I 144-145 (to IE *bhreu- 'to 
move violently'); Vries ANEW 56-57; 
Onions 128; Seebold 137-138 (to * g'her- 
'to burn'); Lehmann GED 80; Kluge- 
Seebold 134. 

*brennón sb.f: Goth brinno 'fever', OHG 
brinna 'burning, pain'. Derived from 
*brennanan. Feist 106; Seebold 137. 

*brestanan str.vb.: ON bresta 'to bursť, 
OE berstan id., OFris bersta id., OS brestan 
id., OHG brestan id. Related to Olr bris- 
sim 'to break'. Torp-Falk 280; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 21; Jóhannesson IEW 
640-641; Pokorný I 169 (to Mír brosc 
'noise'); Vries ANEW 56; Onions 129; 
Seebold 139; Kluge-Seebold 100 (to 
*brekanan). 

*brestuz sb.m.: ON brestr 'outburst, crash', 
OE berst 'loss', OHG bresto 'destruc- 
tion, damage'. Derived from *brestanan. 



Torp-Falk 280; Holthausen AEEW 21; 
Vries ANEW 56. 

*breuskan sb.n.: ON brjósk 'gristle', MLG 
brúsche 'bump'. Probably related to 
*brustz. Torp-Falk 281-282; Pokorný 
I 171. 

*breusta-ber3Ó sb.f: ON brjóst-bjqrg 
'breastplate', OE bréost-beors id. (mase). 
Compound of *breustan and *ber^o. 
Carr Nom. comp. 80 (parallel formations). 

*breustan sb.n.: ON brjóst 'breasť, OE 
bréost id. (also fem. and mase), OFris 
briast id., OS pl. briost id. An ablaut vari- 
ant of *brustz. Structurally close to Slav 
*br'ustb 'calf (anat.)', *br'ustbvb id. 
(Trubachev ESSJa III 34-35). Grimm- 
Grimm II 443 (influenced by *breutanan)\ 
Kluge Btrg. Gesch. VIII 510; Torp-Falk 
283; Holthausen AEEW 34; Pokorný I 
170-171; Chemodanov SGGJa I 61; 
Vries ANEW 57-58; Zalizniak II 206; 
Onions 116; Lehmann GED 82; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 200; Kluge-Seebold 140. 

*breutanan str.vb.: ON brjóta 'to break', 
OE brebtán 'to bruise, to break', MHG 
briezen 'to buď. Of unclear origin. 
Torp-Falk 281-282 (to Lith bnáutis 'to 
penetrate'); Holthausen AEE]V 34; 
Wood AIP V 270-271 (to IE *bhreu- 'to 
eut off'); Persson UUA 1891 125 (to *bar- 
janan); Trbír Holz 8 1 ; Jóhannesson IEW 
635-636; Pokorný I 169; Vries ANEW 
58; Stang NTS XX 239-242, LS 16; 
Seebold 141-142; Lehmann GED 81; 
Kóbler 715. 

*brewwanan str.vb.: ON part. brugginn 'to 
brew (beer)', OE breówan id., OFris past 
part. browen id., OFris brouwa id., OS 
part. gebreuuan id., MLG brouwen id., 
MHG briuwen, briiwen id. Related to Lith 
briáuti 'to push', Slav *brujati 'to buzz, to 
flow'. See *brupan. Torp-Falk 281; 
Holthausen AEEiV 34; Jóhannesson 
IEW 619-621; Pokorný I 145 (to *brm- 
nanan); Vrtes ANEW 60; Onions 117; 
Seebold 143-144; Lindeman Verschdtfung 
17.6; Keuge-Seebold 132. 

*brěčtanan str.vb.: OSwed part. bradhin 
'melteď, OE brédan 'to roast, to broil', 



brecíanan 



57 



broker 



OFris brala id., MLG braden id., OHG 
bratem id. Can be connected vvith *breja- 
nan. Torp-Falk 263—264; Holthausen 
AEEW 32 (to *bredaz); Feist 104-105; 
Jóhannesson IEW 613-614; Pokorný I 
132-133; Vries ANEW 62; Seebold 
128-129; Lehmann GED 79; Kluge- 
Seebold 131 (to IE * g'her- 'to burn'). 

*brědaz adj.: ON brádr 'hasty, sudden', 
OE sbst. bréd 'odor, scent, breath'. De- 
rived from *brějanan. Perhaps, further 
related to Lat jřetum, Jřetus 'raging, swelling, 
heat, violence'. Torp-Faek 263; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 32; Walde-Hofmann 
I 546-547; Pokorný I 132- 133 (to IE 
*bher- 'to boil up'); Vries AMEW 52; 
Onions 116. 

*forědjanan wk.vb.: ON bneda 'to melt', 
OE brédan 'to roasť. Derived from 
*bredanan. Torp-Falk 263; Holthausen 
AEEW 32; Seebold 129. 

*brědó(n) sb.f./m.: ON brad 'raw 
meať, OE brdde 'roasted meať, OS brado 
'ham', OHG brato 'meat, roasted meať. 
Related to *brěianan. Torp-Falk 263; 
Holthausen AEE1 1' 32; Vries AJVE1 V 52; 
Kluge-Seebold 131. 

*brěxwó ~ *braxwan sb.f./n.: Goth 
bratu 'twinkling (of an eye)' (only in the 
context of in bratva augins év piTtfj 
ó<p6aX|ioí>), ON brd 'eyeliď, OFris ag-bre 
id., OS slegi-brawa, braha 'eyelid, brow', 
OHG brawa 'eyelid, brow'. Cf. also OE 
mase. bréw 'eyelid' < *bre3wiz ~ *brexwiz. 
Derived from *brexanan ~ *brexqjanan. 
Kuhn KZ I 134 (to IE *bhreu- 'brow'); 
Fick £JXX (1872) 178; Spitzer I 350, 
463 (follows Kuhn); Johansson KZ XXX 
445-448 (to Lith mérkti 'to motion'); 
Noreen SVSU V/3 7; Torp-Falk 
278-279; Holthausen AEEW 32; Feist 
103-104; Specht 83, 162 (to Lat jřóhs 
'forehead'); Pokorný I 142; Vries ANEW 
51-52 (to *bre^ianari); Zalizniak II 192; 
Onions 112; Lehmann GED 78-79 (to IE 
*bhrek- 'to gleam'); FLluge- Seebold 131— 
132; Adams TB 418-419 (to Toch B preke 
'time, occasion'). 

*brějanan wk.vb.: Crim. Goth breen 'to 



roasť, MDu brayen id., MHG briejen 'to 
smelP. A distant connection with Skt 
bhuráti 'to move', Gk jtopcplpro 'to heave, 
to rise' is possible. Figk I 696 (to Lat 
Jřetmn, in its metaphoric meaning: Jřetus 
ipse anni permiscet jřigus et aestum, Lucr. 6, 
364); Grienberger Z dph xxx 133; 
Bremer PBB XI 279; Holthausen PBB 
LXVI 268; Feist 104-105; Pokorný I 
132-133; Lehmann GED 79 (to IE *bher- 
'to boil up'). 

*brima-laičtó sb.f: ON brim-leid 'sea', OE 
britn-lád 'sea-way'. Compound of *briman 
and Haido. Carr Nora. comp. 54. 

*briman sb.n.: Burg *brhn 'fiooď, ON 
brim 'surf', ME brim 'surf, sea'. Related to 
Gk (ppijiáco 'to snort and leap (of ani- 
mals)' (Froehde BB XVII 310). Char- 
pentier IFXXLX 376 (to Skt bhrámati 'to 
move around'); Pokorný I 133 (to 
*brědaz); Vries ANEW 56-57; Frisk II 
1043; Kobler 709. 

*br5kz sb.f: ON brok 'tartan cloth, 
breeches', OE bróc 'breeches', OFris brok 
id., MLG brok id., OHG Im-bruoh 'stock- 
ing'. The relations with Gaulish braca 
'breeches', Mír bróc id., OPrus broakay id. 
are not clear. The latter is probably from 
Gmc. Much ~DADL XLII 170 (to *bre- 
kanari); Stokes IF II 168 (to l^axjřagfó 'to 
emit a smell, to smell'); Zimmer KZ XXX 
87-88 (Mír bróc 'trousers' < Gmc); 
Jaberg WuS LX 148-151 (from Celtic); 
Torp-Falk 280; Holthausen AEE]V 35; 
Jacobsohn ZDADL LXVI 244-246 (samé 
as Jaberg); Pokorný I 165; Vries ANEW 
58; Zalizniak I 157; Onions 116; 
Birkhan GuK 402; Toporov PJa I 
253-254; Bammesberger Mom. 198; Grte- 
pentrog l^urzelnomina 62-90; Kluge- 
Seebold 138. 

*br5běr sb.m.: Goth bropar 'brother', 
ON bródir id., OE bródor id., OFris 
brother id., OS bróthar id., OHG bruodar 
id. Continues IE Hhrater- id.: Toch A 
pracar, B procer, Skt bh.rata.r-, Av bratar-, 
Gk Ion <ppr|xr|p- á8eX(poi; (Hes.), Arm 
elbayr, Lat Jřater, Olr bráth(a)ir, OPrus 
brati, Slav *bratrt>. Kjeckers HG 95; 



broker 



58 



brunstiz 



Bartholomae 971-972; Torp-Falk 280- 
281; Holthausen AEEW 36; Walde- 
Hofmann I 541-542; Feist 106-107; 
Mayrhofer II 530-531; Pokorný I 
163-164; Zalizniak I 157; Vries ANEW 
58; Frisk II 1039-1040; Onions 121; 
Benveniste IEL 172; Szemerényi Kinship 
25-28; Trubachev ESSJa II 238; Leh- 
mann GED 81; Hamp KZ CIII 102-103; 
Bammesberger Nom. 208; Kluge- 
Seebold 138-139 Adams TB 421-422; 
Burlak IFTJa 250. 

*brobur-banon sb.m.: ON bródur-bani 
Tratricide', OE bródor-bana id. Compound 
of *bró\)er and *banon. Carr Nom. comp. 
54. 

*foru3J5(n) sb.f.: ON bryggja 'landing-stage, 
pier', OE bryc3 'bridge', OFris bregge, 
brigge id., OS bruggia id., OHG brugga id. 
A guttural derivative connected with 
Gaul briva 'bridge' < *bhrěua, Slav *bn>vb 
id. Cf. also ON brú 'bridge' < *brb~wb~. 
Kuhn KZ I 1 34 (to Skt bhrú- 'brow, eye- 
brow', Gk ócppúi; id.); Meringer ]\'uS 
I 189; Torp-Falk 281; Lané Language 
LX 253-254; Holthausen AEEW 37; 
Pokorný I 173; Vries ^7VEH'59, 61-62; 
Zalizniak II 179; Seebold /FLXXXVII 
189-191; Trubachev ESSJa III 71-72; 
Kluge-Seebold 138. 

*bru3nó sb.f.: Norw dial. brogn, brogne 
'twig', OE brojnfej id. Closely related to 
W brwyn-en 'bulrush', OCorn brunnen 'jun- 
cus, scirpus', Bret broenn-enn < *bhrugh-no-. 
Holthausen AEEh ' 36; Pokorný I 174. 

*brukón sb.m.: Goth ga-bruka 'broken 
piece, crumb', OE se-broc 'broken piece, 
fragment' (neut.), OHG brocko 'a kind of 
biscuiť. Comparison with *brekanan (Cur- 
tius Gr. Et. 542; Gůntert Ablaut 54, 
79-86) is impeded by uhe vocalism of 
*brukon (but cf. *trunjaz ~ *brunon). 
Torp-Falk 277; Hirt Idg. Gr. II 82 
Holthausen AEEW 36; Feist 176 
Walde-Hofmann I 541; Pokorný I 165 
Lehmann GED 134. 

*foruman sb.n.: ON brum 'buď, OHG 
brom id. Probably from *bru3man, related 
to *bru3no. Bugge BB III 99 (to 'La.tfrdns 



'foliage, branch, bow'); Lidén Studien 96 
(samé as Bugge); Torp-Falk 105 (follow 
Bugge); Pokorný I 142; Vries ANEW 60 
(to OE bróm 'shrub from which besoms 
are made, broom'). 

*brunap5n sb.m.: Swed brdnad 'conflagra- 
tion', OE brúnéda 'a kind of disease', 
OHG bronado 'scab, rash'. Derived from 
*brunjaz ~ *brunon. Torp-Falk 263. 

*brunjaz ~ *brunón sb.m.: ON 
bruni 'burned lava-fielď, OE bryne 'burn- 
ing, fláme, fire'. Related to *brennanan. 
Torp-Falk 263; Holthausen AEE]V 37; 
Vries ANEW 61. 

*brunjón sb.f: Goth brunjo 'armor, breast- 
plate', ON brynja 'coat of mail', OE byrne 
'corslet, coat of mail', OS brunnia id., 
OHG brunna, brunnl id. Borrowed from 
Celtic, cf. Olr bruinne 'breasť, OW bronn 
id., Bret bronn id. (Stokes Urkelt. 184). 
Grienberger Got. 53 (to *brúwo); 
Wtedemann BB XXVII 235 (to Alb mbrej 
'to harness', brinje 'rib'); Wood iWUVXIII 
82 (to *bher- 'to carry'); Petersson IF 
XXIII 390-392 (to Lat frbns 'forehead'); 
Torp-Falk 282; Holthausen AEE)V 
41; Feist 107-108; Szadrowsky GRM 
XXXI 273; Pokorný I 170; Vendryes 
B-104-105; Vries A^E]\' 62; Zalizniak 
I 155; Lehmann GED 81-82; Kluge- 
Seebold 139 (to *brustz). 

*brunnón sb.m.: Goth brunna 'fountain, 
source', ON brunnr, brudr 'spring, well' 
(from *brunnaz), OE burna 'stream', OFris 
burna 'spring, well', OS brunno, burno id., 
OHG brunno id. Based on an r//-stem 
reflected in Arm albiwr 'founť, Gk ippéap 
'well, reservoir'. Johansson BB XVIII 
37; Stokes Urkelt. 172 (to Mír bruinnid 'to 
make spouť); Osten-Sacken IF XXIII 
379 (to Slav *brujati 'to stream'); Walde 
KZ XXXIV 517; Torp-Falk 264; 
Holthausen AEEW 39; Feist 108; 
Pokorný I 144; Vries ANEW 61; Zaliz- 
niak II 178; Frisk II 1040-1041; Onions 
128; Lehmann GED 82; Kluge-Seebold 
139-140. 

*brunstiz sb.f: Goth ala-brunsts 'burnt 
offering', OHG brunst 'fire, burning, in- 



brunstiz 



59 



bručtiz 



flammation'. Derived from *brennanan. 
Torp-Falk 263; Feist 33-34; Seebold 
138; Lehmann GED 24-25; Kluge- 
Seebold 140. 

*bruskaz sb.m.: Norw brusk 'bush', LG 
briisch 'hair-lock'. Close to Lith pl. bruzgai 
'scrub, copse, bush', brúzgas 'rod, twig'. 
Fiok III 282; Torp-Falk 282; Pokorný I 
172; Fraenkel 61. 

*brustz sb.f.: Goth brusts 'breasť, OFris 
brust id., MLG borst id., OHG brust id. 
(also an i-stem). Identical with Slav 
*brbstt>, *brbstb 'buď. Grimm D]V II 
443 (to *breutanari); Zupitza Gutt. 129; 
Bugge PBB XIII 320-322 (to Slav pl. 
*pbrsi 'breasť); Grienberger Got. 53-54 
(to *bruwd); Uhlenbegk PBB XXX 271; 
Johansson IF XrX 117-118 (to Slav 
*bbrdo 'hill, elevation'); Petersson IF 
XXIII 391 (to IE *bhreus- 'to swell'); 
Torp-Falk 283; Feist 108-109; Pokorný 
I 170-171 (to Olr brú 'belly'); Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 61; Vries AMEW 57; 
Zalizniak II 206; Trubachev ESSJa III 
57—58; Lehmann GED 82; Bammesberger 
Mom. 200; Griepentrog ]Vurzelnomina 
463-471; Keuge-Seebold 139-140 (to 
Slav *grqdb 'breasť). 

*brutan sb.n.: ON brot 'broken piece, frag- 
ment', OE 3e-brot 'fragment'. Derived 
from *breutanan. Holthausen AEEJ\' 36; 
Vries AMEW 59; Seebold 141; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 56. 

*brutjójanan wk.vb.: ON brytja 'to chop', 
OE bryttian 'to divide into fragments'. 
Related to *brutjdn. Holthausen AEE] V 
38; Pokorný I 169; Vries ANEW 62. 

*brutjón sb.m.: ON bryti 'steward, bailiff', 
OE brytta 'bestower, dispenser, distribu- 
tor'. Derived from *breutanan. Torp- 
Falk 282; Holthausen AEEW 37; 
Pokorný I 169; Vries ANEW 62; 
Seebold 141; Bammesberger Mom. 182. 

*bruban sb.n.: ON brod 'brodť, OE brod 
id., OHG brod id. Continues IE *bhrúto- 
identical with Olr bruth 'heať, Thrac 
PpíiTO? 'barley beer', Ppothog- xo ek 
KpiGcov 7tó|ia, Hes. (Tomaschek Thr. 11/ 1 
7) furťher belonging to IE *bhreu- 'to 



move strongly', see *brewwanan. Torp- 
Falk 281; Holthausen AEEW 36 
Detschew Thr. 93; Pokorný I 145 
Georgiev Issledov. 1 19; Vries AMEW 58 
Zalizniak I 139; Onions 121; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 79. 

*bruzdaz sb.m.: ON broddr 'spike, shafť, 
OE brord 'prick, sharp poinť, OHG brort 
'edge, stem'. Continues *bhrazdhos < 
*bhrus-dh-. Related to Lith bruzdúklis 'bri- 
dle', Slav *brt>zda id. Pedersen IFV 73; 
Meillet Etudes I 156; Torp-Falk 266; 
Trautmann 5511' 39; Holthausen 
AEE]V 36; Pokorný I 110; Fraenkel I 
60; Vries ANEW 58; Zaeizniak I 129; 
Onions 1 12; Trubachev ESSJa III 62. 

*bruzčtjanan wk.vb.: ON brydda 'to prick, 
to poinť, OE bryrdan 'to prick, to goaď. 
Derived from *bruzdaz. Holthausen 
AEEW 37; Vries AMEW 61. 

*brúčti-3umón sb.m.: ON britš-gumi 
'bridegroom', OE brýd-guma id., OFris 
breid-goma id., OS brúdi-gomo id., OHG 
brúti-gomo id. Compound of *brúdiz 
and *3umon. Torp-Falk 282; Schmidt 
ZDADL LI 28-287; Carr Mom. comp. 46; 
Peeters K£ XC 8-9; Kluge-Seebold 
132-133. 

*brúčti-xlaupan sb.n.: ON brúS-laup 
'bride's journey', OFris bro-lop id. Cf. also 
OS brúd-loht, MHG brút-louft. Compound 
of *brudiz and *xlaupan. Sghróder 
~DADL LXI 17-34 (reconstructs the ori- 
ginál meaning as 'bride's dance'); Krog- 
mann IIMXVI 80-90; Torp-Faek 282; 
Carr Mom. comp. 46; Vries AME]V 59; 
Ktuge-Seebold 133. 

*brúdiz sb.f: Goth brups 'bride, young 
wife' (< *Ďrúpiz), ON brúdr 'bride', OE 
hýd 'bride, wife', OFris breid 'newly mar- 
rieď, OS bríid 'bride, married woman', 
OHG brút 'newly married woman, young 
woman, daughter-in-law'. Of unknown 
origin. Uhlenbeck PBB XXII 188 (< 
*mrúti- 'promised, engageď, to Lidr martl 
'bride, daughter-in-law', Skt brávlti 'to 
speak, to say'); Wood MIM XV 96 
(follows Uhlenbeck); Wiedemann BB 
XXVII 205 (samé as Wood); Bugge PBB 



brudiz 



60 



budan 



XIII 184-185 (from *per-údhi-, based on 
*uedh- 'to leaď); Torp Festschr. Unger 1 74 
(samé as Uhlenbeck); Braune PBB 
XXXII 58 (to Lat Frutis, epithet of 
Venus); Kluge PBB XXXIV 561-562 
(foUows Braune); Helten PBB XXXV 
306—310 (to *braudan, for the meaning 
cf. OE hléj-di^e 'bread-kneader, mistress, 
lady'); van Helten %LPh XLII 446-447 
(to Slav *brakt> 'marriage'); Langenhove 
LS II 48-64 (from IE *bhr-Hu-eH-ti- 'life- 
giving force bearer'); Krogmann ]VuS 
XVI 80-90 (to *breutanan); Hammar- 
strom Glotta XI 216-217 (to Gk 'Aeppo- 
8íxri); Torp-Falk 282; Holthausen 
AEEW 37; Feist 103, 110-111; Trier 
ZSSR LXV 254-255 (to IE *bhrater- 
'brother'); Pokorný I 299; Vries AMEW 
59-60; Zalizniak I 150; Onions 117; 
Lehmann GED 83—84; Rluge-Seebold 
132. 

*brúkanan str.vb.: OE brúcan 'to use', 
OFris brúka id., OS brúkan id., OHG 
brúhhan id. Cf. Goth brukjan id. < *brňk- 
janan. Related to Lith braukiú, braukti 'to 
smear, to painť, Slav *brusiti 'to wheť. 
Tomaschek Thr. 1/30 (to Thrac ethn. 
Bp-úyei;); Solmsen K~Z XXXrV 70 (samé 
as Tomaschek); Torp-Falk 281; Woods 
MPV 270-271 (to *breutanan); Holthau- 
sen AEEW 37; Feist 107; Holthausen 
AEEW 36; Pokorný I 170, 173 (to Lat 
frúx 'fruits of the earth, produce of dre 
fields, pulse', fruor 'to enjoy, to delight in'); 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 91; Onions 120; 
Seebold 140—141; ICluge-Seebold 131. 

*brúkiz ~ *brukjaz adj.: Goth bruks 
'useful', OE brýce id., OHG brúhhi id. 
Derived from *brúkanan. Wood MP V 
270-271 (to *breutanari); Zupitza Gutt. 
96; Feist 107; Walde-Hofmann I 
552-553 (to \^Afrúgi 'having merit', dat. 
of frúx 'fruiť); Holthausen AEEW 36; 
Pokorný I 173; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 
97, KZ CV 134-135; Lehmann GED 81; 
Bammesberger Mom. 260; Heidermanns 
142. 

*brúnaz I adj.: ON brúnn 'brown', OE 
brún 'dark, brown', OFris brún 'brown', 



OS brún-rod 'sparkling reď, OHG brún 
'reddish-brown, blackish'. Structurally 
identical with Gk tppíivoc; 'frog' < 
*'brown' (Kuhn R'Z I 200). Further re- 
lated to IE *bhreu-, cf. Skt babhrú- 'red- 
dish-brown, brown'. Torp-Falk 264; 
Schwentner FB 56-59; Holthausen 
AEE]V 36 (adds Slav *bruněti 'to shine'); 

FvROGMANN ÍQLPh LXVII 1-10; IvARSTEN 

MB II 204-205; Mayrhofer II 409-410; 
Pokorný I 136; Dybo VSJa 26; Vries 
AMEW 61; Frisk II 1047; Onions 121; 
Heidermanns 143; Kluge-Seebold 132. 

*brúnaz II adj.: ON sbst. brún 'edge', OE 
brún 'shining, flashing'. Related to Olr brů 
'border, edge, shore', Lith briauna 'edge' 
(Persson Beitráge 17-19, 750-752: further 
to *brúwo). Holthausen AEEW 36; 
Pokorný I 170-173; Fraenkel 57; Vries 
AMEW 60; Zalizniak II 220; Heider- 
manns 143 (identifies *brúnaz I and II); 
Adams TB "ilA (identical with Toch A 
pdrwam, B pdrwane 'brows'). 

*brús5janan wk.vb.: Swed brúsa 'to roar, 
to thunder', MLG brúsen id., MHG brúsen 
id. Of imitative origin. Persson UUA 
1891 164 (to Gk (pprjáooonai 'to neigh, 
to be wanton'); Pokorný I 171-172; 
Vries AMEW 61. 

*brúwó sb.f: ON brún 'eyebrow' (general- 
ized pl. stem), OE brú 'eyebrow'. Related 
to Toch A duál pdrwan-, B pdrwane id., 
Skt bhru- id., Gk ócppvq id., Maced 
áftpovxeq (leg. áftpovfeq)- 6(fpvq. Mase- 
8Óveí; (Hes.), Mír brúad, Lith bruvis id., 
Slav *bry, gen. -~bve id. FvRetschmer 
Einleitung 287 (on Macedonian); Hoff- 
mann Mak. 51 (conjecture for Macedo- 
nian); Torp-Falk 281; Holthausen 
AEEW 36; Mayrhofer II 534-536; 
Pokorný I 172-173; Fraenkel 57; 
Zalizniak II 220; Frisk II 454; Onions 
121; Trubachev ESSJa III 63-64; 
Gindin Etim. 1984 41 (Maced áfSpoíctEq 
= Slav pl. *brudi 'whiskers'). 

*budan sb.n.: ON bod 'bid, command- 
menť, OE bod 'command, command- 
menť, OFris bod id, OS gi-bod id, OHG 
bot 'authoritative pronouncemenť . De- 



budan 



61 



bukkaz 



rived from *beudanan. Torp-Falk 274; 
Holthausen AEE]V 28; Pokorný I 151; 
Seebold 109; Bammesberger Nom. 56. 

*buddon sb.m.: ON prop. Boddi, Norw 
buiia 'newborn domestic animal', ME 
budde 'buď, LG budde 'louse'. Of descriptive 
origin. Holthausen AEEW 38; Vries 
ANEW47; Kluge-Seebold 105-106. 

*budmaz ~ *butmaz sb.m.: ON botn 
'bottom' (*-t-), OE bodán id. (also botm 
with *-/-), OFris bodem id., OS bodom id., 
OHG bodám id. (<*-J>-). Unexplained 
fluctuations in the intervocalic dental. 
Close to Gk mj9ur|v id. and further to 
Skt budhná- 'bottom, grounď, Av buna- id. 
(?< *bhundhno-), Lat fundus 'bottom'. 
Petersson SVSL I 17-18 (alternation *d: 
*dh explained from the paradigm nom. 
*bhudh-, gen. *bhu(n)dnes); Bartholomae 
968-969; Torp-Falk 275 (add OE 
byden 'bushel, barrel', MLG bodem 'cask', 
OHG butin(a) id. which are from MLat 
butina 'bottle, vessel'); Porzig TTh.S XV 
112-133; Nordmeyer GR XIII 127- 
129; Holthausen AEEW 31; Walde- 
Hofmann I 564-565; Mayrhofer II 438; 
Pokorný I 174; Vrtes ANEW 51; Zaliz- 
niak II 226; Frisk II 620-621; Onions 
109; Lůhr Expr. 340-341; Kluge- 
Seebold 122-123. 

*bud5janan wk.vb.: ON bodá 'to an- 
nounce', OE bodían 'to telí, to announce', 
OFris bodia 'to summon', MLG boden id., 
MHG boten id. Derived from *beudanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 28; Vries ANEW 
46-47. 

*buŮ5n sb.m.: Burg *buda 'messenger', 
ON bodi id., OE bodá id., OFris bodá id, 
OS bodo id, OHG boto id Derived from 
*beudanan. Torp-Falk 275; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 28; Pokorný I 151; Vries 
ANEW AI; Zalizniak I 139; Onions 104; 
Seebold 1 09; Bammesberger Nom. 1 74; 
Kobler 709; Kluge-Seebold 128. 

*bu3Ón sb.m.: Crim. Goth boga 'bow', ON 
bogi id., OE bosá id., OFris boga id., OS 
swi-bogo 'vaulť, OHG bogo 'arch, bow'. 
Derived from *beu3anan. Torp-Falk 
273; Holthausen AEEW 29; Feist 102; 



Pokorný I 152-153; Vries ANEW 47; 
Zalizniak I 153; Onions 111; Seebold 
111; Lehmann GED 73, 77; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 174; Kluge-Seebold 123. 

*bu3Ílaz sb.m.: ON bygill 'stirrup', MLG 
bogel 'hanger, G Biigel id. Derived from 
*beu3anan. Vrtes ANE\V 67; Kluge- 
Seebold 143. 

*bu3Íz sb.m.: ON bugr 'bowing, winding', 
OE bý^e 'bowing, bending, angle', MDu 
boge 'bend'. Derived from *beu3anan. 
Holthausen AEEW 39; Vries ANEW bZ; 
Seebold 111. 

*bu3Janan wk.vb.: Goth bugjan 'to buy', 
ON byggja 'to let out, to lend', OE byc^an 
'to buy', OS buggian id. Derived from 
*beu3anan (Grienberger Got. 54). For tíre 
semantic development cf. Gk rccoXéeo 'to 
seli' ~ néX(ů 'to turn, to spin'. Osthoff 
IF V 293-295; Uhlenbegk Btrg. Gesch. 
XXX 2777; Loewenthal ANW XXXII 
282 (to Gk <peúyto 'to fly'); Torp-Falk 
274; Holthausen AEEW 39; Feist 111; 
Pokorný I 153; Vries ANEW 67; Benve- 
niste 1 1 0-1 1 1 (to Av baog- 'to savé, to 
redeem, to liberate'); Seebold 111; Ben- 
veniste IEL 1 08—1 1 1 ; Lindeman Verschdr- 
fung 15.3; Lehmann GED 84. 

*buxtiz sb.f.: ON bot 'patch', OE byht 
'bending, corner' (mase.), MLG bucht 
'bay', G Bucht id. Derived from *beu3anan. 
Holthausen yl££I V 39; Vries ANE] V 5 1 ; 
Kluge-Seebold 142. 

*bukjanan wk.vb.: OFris buekia 'to bend', 
MLG bucken id., MHG bůcken id. Based on 
the unattested *beukanan to be compared 
with Skt bhujáti id., \rfid-bocc 'wood bow'. 
Mayrhofer II 504-506; Pokorný I 153. 

*bukkaz sb.m.: ON bukkr, bokkr 'buck', 
OE bucc 'roebuck', MLG buck 'goat, ram', 
OHG boc, buc id. Borrowed from the 
Celtic word for 'he-goať, cf. Mír boce, W 
bwch, Corn boch, Bret bouc'h (Pedersen 
Litteús VII 23-24). Meillet MSL XV 
356 (hypocoristic gemination); Zupitza 
Gutt. 196; Torp-Falk 273 (related to 
Celtic and other Indo-European forms 
continuing *bhugos ~ *bhukkos); Lané Lan- 
guage VII 282 (to *beu3anan); Marttnet 



bukkaz 



62 



burda-hakan 



Gém. 87, 138-139; Porzig Gliederung 115; 
Pokorný I 174; Vries AMEW 64; 
Zalizniak II 178; Onions 122; Kluge- 
Seebold 122. 

*bukkón sb.m.: ON bokki 'he-goať, OE 
bucca id. See *bukkaz. Holthausen 
AEEW3&; Martinet Gém. 113, 139, 178; 
Onions 122. 

*bulaz ~ *buló sb.m./f.: ON bolr, bulr 
'trunk', MLG bole 'plank', MHG bole id. 
Related to *búljo(n). Torp-Falk 266 (to 
Slav *b-blvan-b 'idol'); Vries AMEW 49 (to 
*bhel- 'to swell'). 

*bul3J6n sb.f.: ON bylga 'billow', MLG 
bulge 'rising wave', MHG bulge 'storm 
wave'. Derived from *belsanan. Torp- 
Faek 268; Pokorný I 126; Vries AMEW 
67; Kluge-Seebold 144. 

*buljanan wk.vb.: ON bylja 'to roar', OE 
byl$an 'to offend, to anger', MDu bullen 
'to race, to rage', MHG bullen 'to bark'. 
Connected with *bellanan I. Holthau- 
sen AEE]V 40; Pokorný I 123; Vries 
AMEW 67. 

*bullón sb.m.: ON bolli 'bowl', OE bolla 
'round vessel, cup, poť, OFris strot-bolla 
'larynx', OS bollo 'cup', OHG bolla 'bud, 
round pod, globular vessď (fem.). 
Related to *bul(j)6n. Torp-Falk 267 (to 
Lat follis 'purse, bag'); Holthausen 
AEElť30; Marttnet Gém. 194; Pokorný 
I 121 (to IE *bhel- 'to swell, to blow); 
Vries AMW 49; Onions 111. 

*bull6janan wk.vb.: Icel-Norw bulla 'to 
babble', OHG bullou 'to howl, to bark'. 
Related to *Ďellanan II. Marttnet Gém. 
142; Pokorný I 123. 

*bulójanan wk.vb.: ON bola 'to fell trees', 
OHG bolon 'to roli'. Derived from *bulaz 
~ *bulo. Vries AMEW 48. 

*bulón sb.m.: ON boli 'bull', OE bula 
'young bull', MDu bul, bolle 'bull'. WGmc 
words reflect *bull- < *buln- extracted 
from oblique cases of *bulon. Perhaps 
connected with Thrac póAivGoi; 'wild 
bull' < *bhul-ento- (Tomaschek Thr. 11/ 1 
5). Torp-Falk 266; Detsohew Thr. 74; 
Pokorný I 121 (to IE *bhel- 'to swell'); 
Georgiev Issledov. 119; Vries AME]V 49; 



Lerchner 55-56; Kluge-Seebold 144. 

*bulstraz sb.m.: ON bólstr 'cushion', OE 
bolster 'bolster, pillow', MDu bolster id., 
OHG bolstar id. Probably from *bulxstraz, 
to *belsanan. Torp-Falk 268; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 30; Vries AME]V 49; Onions 
105; Seebold 100; Bammesberger Mom. 
87; Kluge-Seebold 639-640. 

*bultaz sb.m.: ON boltr 'bolť, OE holt id., 
MLG bolte id., OHG bolz 'catapulť. 
Probably related to Lat fullo 'to trample', 
Lith béldžiu, bélsti 'to knock, to rap', bildu, 
bildeti 'to crash, to thuď. Bruch ^DADL 
LXXIII 75-86; Torp-Falk 268; Walde- 
Hofmann I 560-561; Holthausen 
AE£n r 30; Pokorný I 124; Fraenkel 39; 
Vries AMEW 49; Onions 105; Kluge- 
Seebold 124. 

*bun3Ón sb.f./m.: ON bunga 'elevation, 
convexity', MLG bunge 'drum', OHG 
bungo 'tuber'. Related to Skt bahú- 'much, 
abundant, large', Gk na%vq 'thick', Latv 
biezs id., Lith búožé 'knob'. Zupitza Gutt. 
177; Mann Language XXVI 387 (to Alb 
bung 'a kind of oak'); Pokorný I 128; 
Fraenkel 64; Vries AMEJV 65. 

*bunkojanan wk.vb.: OSwed buňka 'to 
strike, to hit', MLG bunken id., G bunken 
id. Denominative of *bunkon. Pokorný I 
115 (to IE *bheg- 'to break, to strike'); 
Frisk II 484-485. 

*bunkón sb.m.: ON bunki 'heap, pile', Du 
bonk 'clump, cloť. To be compared with 
Alb bung 'a kind of oak, Quercus sessi- 
flora' < PAlb *bunga, further to *bheu- 'to 
grow' (see *bewwanati). Torp-Falk 259 
(to *bankiz); Vries ANE1V 65 (to Icel buna 
'ox bone'); Lerchner 41—44; Orel AED 
41-42. 

*buran sb.n.: Goth ga-baur 'tribute, contri- 
bution, tax, ^.oyeía, cpópoi;', OHG gi-bor 
'progeny, offspring'. Derived from *bera- 
nan. Kluge KZ XXVI 71; Feist 174; 
Seebold 105; Bammesberger Mom. 58. 

*buraz sb.m.: ON bon 'borer', OE bór 
id., MLG bor id. Connected with *buro- 
janan. Holthausen AEE]V 30; Vries 
AMEW 51. 

*burda-pakan ~ *burda-pak5n sb.n./m.: 



burda-l)akan 



63 



bur3Z 



ON bord-pak 'covering of planks', OE 
bord-daca 'board thatch, a cover of a 
house, snare'. Compound of *burdan and 
*pakan. Carr Nom. comp. 80 (parallel 
formations). 

*burdan sb.n.: Goth fotu-baurd 'footstool', 
ON bord 'board, plank', OE hord id., 
OFris bord id., OS bord id., OHG bort 
'deek'. A secondary ablaut variant is 
*bardan > ON barů 'edge, brim' some- 
times explained from *bardaz (Torp-Falk 
262; Zalizniak II 166) or compared with 
Lith barta 'boarď (Vries ANEW 26). 
Togeťher with Umbr furf-ant '(they) put 
upon the board' and Slav *bbrdo 'reed (in 
loom), mountain ridge' continues IE 
*bhrdho- (DlEFENBAOH K? XVI 221). 
Uhlenbeok AfslPh XV 483 (Slav *bbrdo 
from Germanic); Brůckner AfslPh XLII 
127 (against Uhlenbeck); Torp-Falk 
262-263; Holthausen AEEW 30; Feist 
159; Trier Holi 86-87; Pokorný I 138; 
Vries ANEW 50 (separates *turďan 
'board' from *burdan 'edge, board of a 
ship'); Zalizniak I 139; Onions 103; 
Trubaohev Rem. 26-31, 131, ESSJa III 
164-166; Anttila Schw. 91; Lehmann 
GED 121; Kluge-Seebold 126. 

*burdón sb.m.: ON bordi 'border', OE 
horda 'hem, trimming', OS horda id., 
OHG borto id. A morphological variant of 
*burdan. Holthausen AEEH r 30; Vries 
ANEW 50. 

*burdin3az sb.m.: ON byrdingr 'mer- 
chant ship', MLG bordinc 'small vehicle'. 
Derived from *burian (Falk ]VuS IV 
111-112). Vries ANEW 67. 

*burdiz sb.f: Goth ga-baurps 'birth', ON 
mase. burdr id., OE y-byrd id., OFris herd, 
berde id., OS gi-burd id. (mase), OHG gi- 
burt id. Continues IE *bhrtí-, cf. Olr breth, 
brith id. < *bhrta. Further related to 
*beranan. Torp-Falk 261; Holthausen 
AEEW 40; Feist 175; Pokorný I 131; 
Zalizniak II 176; Vries ANEW 68; 
Onions 96; Seebold 105; Trubaohev 
ESSJa III 97-98; Lehmann GED 134; 
Bammesberger Nom. 141; Kluge- 
Seebold 304. 



*burdjanan wk.vb.: ON byrša 'to em- 
broider', OE byrdan id., OS burdian 
id. Derived from *burdan. Holthausen 
AEEW 40; Vries ANEW 67. 

*bur3ěnan ~ *bur3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON 
borga 'to bail, to pay', OE bor^ian 'to bor- 
row', OFris borgia id., MLG borgen id., 
OHG borgen id., ir-borgon 'to promise'. 
Derived from *ber^anan. Torp-Falk 
265; Holthausen AEEW 31; Vries 
ANE]V 50; Onions 108; Kluge-Seebold 
126. 

*bur3Jan sb.n.: ON byrgi 'enclosure, 
fence', OE eord-byrj 'earth mound' 
(fem.). Derived from *bur^z. Holthau- 
sen AEEW 41; Vries ANEW 68. 

*bur3Janan I wk.vb.: ON byrgja 'to close, 
to shuť, OE byrdan 'to bury'. Cf. also 
OHG borgen id. Derived from *ber$anan. 
Holthausen AEEW A:\\ Vries ANEW 68; 
Seebold 107. 

*bur3Janan II wk.vb.: ON á-byrgja 'to 
answer for, to také care of ', OE on-byr^an 
'to vouch for', MLG borgen id., OHG 
unter-burgen 'to fake'. Related to *bur^ěnan 
~ *bur3qjanan. Holthausen AEE]V 41; 
Vries ^JV£ir 68. 

*bur3z sb.f: Goth baurgs 'castle, citadel, 
city', ON borg 'hillock, wall, castle, city' (i- 
stem), OE Aarj 'fortified pláce, castle, 
city', OFris burch, burich id., OS burg id. 
(also an z-stem), OHG burg id. (also an 
z-stem). Corresponds to Av bmz- 'high', 
Arm barjr id. < *bhrghu-, Olr brí 'hill'. 
Other parallels see s.v. *ber^anan. Bréal 
MSL VII 135-136 (to Gk Trépyoq 'tower, 
fortification, castle'); VIuch ^TJADL XLI 
113, ]VuS XII 353 (partly from Lat burgus 
'castle, fořt, fortress' < Gk rcúpycx;); 
Zupitza Gutt. 204; Jacobsohn £^XLVIII 
139-140 (to Gk tpúpKOc;- teíxoq, Hes.); 
Kretschmer Glotta XXII 100-102 (from 
the samé North Balkán source as Gk 
Jťúpyoc;); Gutenbrunner ÁJ3ADL LXXII 
173-175; Bartholomae 949-950; Torp- 
Falk 265; Holthausen AEE]V 38; Feist 
85—86; Porzig Gliederung 173; Pokorný I 
140-141; Vries ANEW 50 (to Gk 
tppáaacú 'to fence in, to fortify', ipúpKOi; 



bur3Z 



64 



bukaz 



ValT); Zalizniak II 206; Onions 108; 
Motz IF LXXXI 204-220; Lehmann 
GED 64—65 (influenced by Lat burgus); 
Bammesberger Nom. 195-196; Grie- 
pentrog IVurzelnomina 91-116; Kluge- 
Seebold 145—146. 

*fourilón sb.m.: ON byrli 'cup-bearer', OE 
byrele id. Derived from *burilaz, see *Ďeri- 
laz. Holthausen AEE]V 41; Vries 
ANEW 68. 

*fouriz I sb.m.: Goth baur 'he who is born, 
yevT]TÓ<;', ON burr 'son', OE byre id. 
Derived from *teranan. Torp-Falk 261; 
Holthausen AEE]V 40; Feist 84—85; 
Vries ANEW 65; Pokorný I 131; See- 
bold 105; Lehmann GED 64; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 132. 

*fouriz II sb.m.: ON byrr 'fair winď, OE 
byre 'event, opportunity', WFris bur 
'winď, MLG bore-los 'widrout fair winď. 
Related to Slav *bur'a 'storm' (Uhlen- 
beck PBB XXX 278; Lewy IF XXXII 
158-159). Torp-Falk 261; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 40; Pokorný I 131; Vries 
ANEW 68; Trubachev ESSJa III 97-98. 

*fourjanan ~ *burjójanan wk.vb.: ON 
byrja 'to begin', OE býrian 'to happen', 
OFris bera id., OS gi-burian 'to také care 
of, to befiť, OHG purren 'to happen, to 
be due'. Derived from *buriz LI. Torp- 
Falk 261; Holthausen AEE1V 41; Trter 
Holz 88; Pokorný I 131 (to *beranarí); 
Vries ANEW 68; Kluge-Seebold 304. 

*fourjaz adj.: Goth adv. ga-baurjaba 'gladly, 
with pleasure', OE am-byr 'favourable'. 
Related to *buriz II. Feist 175; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 3, 5; Matzel KZ CIV 
240-250, CV 135; Bammesberger ESts 
LXIV 97-101 (reconstructs *buruz from 
*beranan); Heidermanns 144. 

*fourójanan wk.vb.: ON bóra 'to bore', 
OE bórian id., OS boron id., OHG bordn 
id. Related to *barjanan. Torp-Falk 
261; Endzeltn K£ LU 124 (to Latv birze 
'furrow in the field of corn'); Holthausen 
AEEW 31; Pokorný I 135; Vries ANEW 
49-50; Onions 108; Kluge-Seebold 
124. 



*fourón sb.f: ON bóra 'bore-hole', latě 
OHG bóra 'auger'. Related to *burajanan. 
Onions 108. 

*fourstiz sb.f: ON burst 'bristle', OE byrst 
id. (neut.), OS bursta id. (o-stem), OHG 
burst id. (neut.), bursta id. (o-stem). Iden- 
tical with Skt bhrslí- 'sharp point'. Cf. also 
Slav *b~brščb 'kind of plant, Heracleum' 
(Petr BB XXI 211). Torp-Falk 266 
Holthausen AEE]V 41; Pokorný I 109 
Vries ANEW 65; Zalizniak II 195 
Onions 1 1 9; Trubachev ESSJa III 
131-132; Kluge-Seebold 127. 

*burj3Ín sb.f: Gouh baurpei 'burden, loaď, 
OFris berde id., OHG burdí id. Based on 
*bhrti- attested in Skt bhrtí- 'load, burden', 
cf. also bhrtyd 'care, fooď. For further 
connections see *beranan. Torp-Falk 
261; Feist 86; Pokorný I 131; Vries 
ANE1V 67-68; Zalizniak II 220; Onions 
127; Lehmann GED 65; Kluge-Seebold 
145. 

*buskaz sb.m.: Norw busk 'bush', ME 
busch, busche id., MLG busch id., OHG 
buse id. Derived from *bow(w)anan. 
Torp-Falk 276-277; Vries ANEW 66 
(from latě Lat boscus 'a forest where wood 
gathering is permitteď); Kluge-Seebold 
147 (to nruskaz). 

*buttaz ~ *bútaz sb.m.: ON bútr 'log', 
LG adj. butt 'blunt, plump', MHG butze 
'eut out piece'. Probably related to *bau- 
tanan. Torp-Falk 274; Vries ANE\ V 66. 

*buj)lan sb.n.: ON bál 'farm, abode', OE 
hold 'building, dwelling, house', OFris 
bodel 'movable property', OS bodal 'land 
property'. Derived from *bów(w)anan. 
Structurally similar to Lith hukla 'resi- 
dence, camp' < *bhu-tlo-. Torp-Falk 
272-273; Holthausen AEEW 30; Fraen- 
kel 68; Vries ANEW 48; Onions 124; 
Seebold 126; Kluge-Seebold 143 (ON 
to MLG boule 'sleeping pláce', MHG buole 
id. < *bolon further compared with Lith 
guolis 'resting-place'). 

*búkaz sb.m.: ON búkr 'trunk, body', OE 
búc 'belly, stomach', OFris buk 'trunk, 
body', MLG buk id., OHG biih 'sto- 



bukaz 



65 



buwon 



mach, womb'. A descriptive formation. 
Osthoff BB XXIX 255 (to OE búc 'bot- 
tle, jug'); Torp-Falk 273 (to Heu^anan); 
Holthausen A]VN 29 (to Latv baugas 
'intestines'); Vries ANE]V 64 (samé as 
Torp-Falk); Pokorný I 1 00; Zalizniak I 
130; Onions 123, 125; Kluge-Seebold 85. 

*búlj6(n) sb.f.: ON bála 'blister', OE býl 
(mase), hýle 'bile, blotch, sore', OFris bil, 
běh id., OS bíila id., OHG bulla 'blister, 
pimple, swelling'. Cf. Skt bulí- 'buttoeks, 
vulva', buri- 'vulva' (reflecting unaspirated 
*b), Lith bulis id. Osthoff Suppl. 66-67 
(to IE *bheu- 'to grow); ZuprrzA Gutt. 72; 
Persson Beitráge 30; Torp-Falk 274-276; 
Holthausen AEE] V 39; Feist 511; Mayr- 
hofer II 439-440; Pokorný I 98-102; 
Vries ANE]V 48; Fraenkel 63-64; 
Onions 104; Lehmann GED 371; Kluge- 
Seebold 105, 143. 

*foúran sb.n.: ON búr 'chamber, panťry', 
OE búr 'cottage, dwelling, room', OS búr 
'dwelling, room' (mase.), OHG búr 
'house' (mase.). Close to Messap (Júpiov 
oiKTina, Hes. (Krahe IF XLVII 326, 
Spr. Vorz. 104). Further to *bow(w)anan. 
Torp-Falk 273; Holthausen AEE]V 38; 
Porzig Gliederung 129; Pokorný I 146, 
149; Vries ANE]V 65; Zalizniak II 167; 
Onions 111; Seebold 126; Lehmann 
GED 64; Bammesberger Nom. 75; Kluge- 
Seebold 86. 

*búsniz sb.f.: Goth ana-busns 'command, 
commandmenť, ON býsn 'wonder', OE 
býsen 'example, pattern', OS am-búsan 
'order'. Derivative in *-sni- based on 
*beuianan. Brugmann Grundriji I 705 
(compensatory length in *-ú- < *-us-)\ 



Torp-Falk 275; Holthausen AEE] V 4-1; 
Feist 41-42; Vries ANEW 68; Seebold 
109; Lehmann GED 31; Bammesberger 
Nom. 148. 

*búsójanan str.vb.: Norw husa 'to dart, to 
make a dash', EFris bušen 'to be turbu- 
lent, to storm', MDu búsen 'to tipple'. 
Related to Slav *bystn> 'quick'. Torp- 
Falk 276; Vries ANEW 68; Trubaohev 
ESSJa III 153-154. 

*búpó ~ *bój5Ón sb.f.: ON búd 'abode, 
booth', MLG bode 'huť (*-£-), MHG buode 
id. (-o-). Derived from *bow(w)anan. 
Structurally close to Olr both 'huť < 
*bhuta, Lith bútas 'house', OPrus buttan 
id., Slav *byto 'stay, possessions'. Torp- 
Falk 272; Trautmann BSW 40-42; 
Fraenkel 68; Vries ANEW 63; Truba- 
chev ESSJa III 155; Lehmann GED 64; 
Kluge-Seebold 142. 

"•^búwa-landan sb.n.: ON bú-land 'home- 
lanď, OS bú-land 'cultivated lanď. Com- 
pound of *búwan and Handan. Carr 
Mom. comp. 83 (parallel formations). 

*búwan sb.n.: ON bú 'house, estate', OE 
bú 'dwelling', OS bú id. Derived from 
*bow(w)anan. Torp-Falk 272; Holt- 
hausen AEEh r 38; Pokorný I 149; Vries 
ANEW 63, 67; Seebold 125; Lehmann 
GED 64. 

*búwiz sb.m.: ON býr 'town, village, 
farm'. Identical with Lidi bSvis 'resi- 
dence'. Furdier derived from *bow(w)a- 
nan. Torp-Falk 272; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 73; Fraenkel 68. 

*búwón sb.m.: ON bii 'dweller', OHG 
erd-búwo 'inhabitant of the earth'. Derived 
from *bow(w)anan. Vries ANE]V 63. 



*dabanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-daban 'to hap- 
pen, to be suitable', OE part. se-dafen 
'becoming, fit, suitable'. Related to Arm 
darhin 'smith' (< *dhabhro-), Lat faber 
'forger, smith, artificer, carpenter, joiner', 
Lith daba 'nature, way' (if not from 
Slavic), daba? 'now', Slav *doba 'time', 
*dobiti 'to form, to decorate'. Torp- 
Falk 200-201; Holthausen AEEW 69; 
Walde-Hofmann I 436-437; Feist 
176-177; Pokorný I 233-234; Fraenkel 
79; Seebold 146; Trubachev ESSJa V 
38-39; Lehmann GED 134-135; Kluge- 
Seebold 166. 

*dabjanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. dabba 'to 
tap', E dab 'to tap lightly', EFris dafeii 'to 
strike', MDu dabben 'to patter', G tappen 
id. An imitative verb. However, a con- 
nection with *daianan cannot be ruled 
out — in this čase cf. Slav *dobiti 'to form, 
to decorate'. Vries ANEW T 7 1 (to *dab- 
jaz); Trubachev ESSJa V 38-39. 

*dabjaz sb.m.: Norw dial. dab, dabbe 'small 
fat person', MHG tappe 'clumsy man'. 
Identical with Slav *dobb 'valiant, noble'. 
Loewenthal ANF XXXV 240 (to Skt 
dabhnóti 'to hurt, to injure'); Persson 
IF XXXV 202 (to Latv depis 'fool'); 
Pokorný I 233 (to Gk xá<poi; 'funeral 
rites; raised platform'); Holthausen 
AÍVN 33 (to SCr depati 'to strike'); Vries 
ANEW 71. 

*dabnójanan wk.vb.: ON dafna 'to thrive 
well', OE je-dafenian 'to be becoming, to 
fit'. Connected with *daianan. Torp- 
Falk 200; Holthausen AEE]V 69; Vrtes 
ANEW 71; Lehmann GED 134-135. 

*tiačtrójanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. dadra 'to 
shake, to tremble', G dial. tattern id. Of 
imitative origin. Torp-Falk 202. 

*da3a-lan3az adj.: ON dag-langr 'all day 
long', OE dď3-lan3 'lasting a day', MHG 
tage-lanc id. Compound of *da^az and 
Han^az. Carr Nom. comp. 88 (parallel 
formations). 



*tia3a-werkan sb.n.: ON dag-verk 'day's 
work', OE dďj-weorc id., OFris dei-werch 
id., OS dag-werk id., OHG taga-werk 
id. Compound of *da$az and *werkan. 
Carr Nom. comp. 52. 

*da3az sb.m.: Godr dags 'day', ON dagr id., 
OE í£k3 id., OFris dei id., OS dag id., 
OHG tag id. Identical with Skt ni-daghá- 
'heat, summer', Mír daig 'fire', Lith dagas 
'summer heať. Continues *dhog*hos, deri- 
vative of IE *dheg"h- 'to burn'. Schulze 
Kl. Schr. 833, 844-847; Zupitza Gutt. 
101, 205; Torp-Falk 199; Holthausen 
AEEW 69; Feist 113-114; Walde- 
Hofmann I 466—467 (contamination with 
IE *agh-r- 'day'); Lané JEGP XXXV 
25 (phonetically difficult *-g"h- > *-j-); 
IVIayrhofer II 39; Pokorný I 7 (related 
to Skt áhar- 'day' with secondary *d-), 
240-242; Fraenkel 85-86; Vries ANEW 
71-72; Zalizniak I 130; Seebold K~ 
LXXXI 125; Onions 246; Lehmann GED 
86; Bammesberger .Nom. 51; Kluge- 
Seebold 812. 

*da3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON daga 'to dawn', 
OE dasian id., MLG dagen id., OHG 
tagěn id. Derived from *da^az. Torp- 
Falk 199; Holthausen AEEW 70; Vries 
ANEW1X. 

*daÍ3az I sb.m.: Gotii daigs 'dough, soft 
mass', ON deigr id., OE neut. dá3 id., 
OFris deeg id., MLG dech id., OHG tag 
id. Continues *dhoighos derived from IE 
*dheigh- 'to kneaď. Close to Toch A tseke 
'molded figuře', Skt deha- 'body', Av uz- 
daěza- Svalí', Arm dez 'heap', Gk toí%oi; 
'wall', Slav *děža 'kneading trough, ves- 
sel' < *doighiá. In the Gmc perspective, 
substantivated *dai$az II. See *íí3anan. 
Bartholomae 411-412; Torp-Falk 206; 
Holthausen AEEW 69-70; Feist 114; 
Mayrhofer II 65-66; Pokorný I 
244-245; Vries ANEW 1^-lb; Zalizniak 
I 130; Frisk II 865-866; Onions 286; 
Seebold 151; Trubachev ESSJa V 23- 



daÍ3az 



67 



dammaz 



24; Lehmann GED 87; Bammesberger 
Nom. 52; Heidermanns 145; Kluge- 
Seebold 819. 

*daÍ3az II adj.: ON deigr 'soft', MLG dech 
'pasty', MHG teic 'soft'. Deríved from 
*ii3anan. Karsten NB I 58—59; Torp- 
Faek 206; Vries ANEW 75; Seebold 
151; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 94, K% CV 
96; Heidermanns 145; Fsluge- Seebold 
819-820. 

*daÍ3J6n sb.f.: ON deigja 'dairy-maiď, OE 
die^e 'female baker' . Derived from *di^a- 
nan or directly from *dai^az I. Formally 
close to Slav *děža 'kneading trough, ves- 
sel' < *doighia. Sievers PBB L 1 6; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 69; Vries ANEW 75; 
Onions 242; Seebold 151; Trubaghev 
ESSJa V 23-24; Bammesberger Nom. 
180-181. 

*dailibó sb.f: ON «/ 'deal, share', OHG 
teilida 'division'. Derived from *dailjanan. 
Torp-Falk 198; Vries ANEW 75. 

*dailiz sb.m.: Goth fem. dails 'part, por- 
tion, share', latě ON deill 'deal, share', 
OE dél 'part', OFris děl id., OS děl id., 
OHG teti id. Identical with Slav *dělb 
'part, division'. Further related to *dai-: 
*di- 'to divide' with an irregular develop- 
ment of the anlaut. Bopp apud Schwei- 
zer R~£ I 478 (to Skt dmati 'to bursť); 
Wood MLNXX1 39 (to Gk 8ř|taonai 'to 
hurt, to damage'); Pedersen K~^ XXXLX 
372 (from Slav *dětb 'portion'); Torp- 
Falk 198; Holthausen AEE]V 69; Feist 
114; Pokorný I 176, 195; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 84; Zalizniak II 185; Onions 
247; Martynov Jazyk 17-18 (folio ws 
Pedersen); Trubaghev ESSJa V 9-10; 
Lehmann GED 87; Fvluge-Seebold 820; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*dailjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-dailjan 'to 
divide, to alloť, ON deila 'to divide, to 
deal', OE cbélan 'to divide, to separate', 
OFris děla id., OS dělian id., OHG teilen 
id. Derived from *dailiz. Structurally 
close to Lith dailýti 'to divide', Slav *děliti 
id. Buga RFV LXX 103; Berneker 
I 195; Torp-Falk 198; Holthausen 
AEEW 69; Feist 114; Pokorný I 176; 



Fraenkel 80; Vries ANEW 75; Mar- 
tynov Slav.-germ. 112 (Gmc < Slav); Ben- 
veniste IEL 156; Trubachev ESSJa IV 
233-234; Lehmann GED 87. 

*dailó(n) sb.f: ON deila 'disagreement, 
contesť, MHG teile 'division'. Related to 
*dailiz. Vries ANEW 75. 

*áajjanan wk.vb.: Goth daddjan 'to suckle', 
OSw dícggia id. Structurally identical with 
Skt dháyati 'to suck, to drink', Osset d&jun 
'to suck', Slav *dqJQ, *dojiti 'to suckle, to 
milk'. Further related to *dejanan, *dloja- 
nan. Torp-Falk 205; Feist 112-113; 
Mayrhofer II 93; Pokorný I 241-242; 
Vries ANEW 76; Lindeman Verschdtfung 
10.4; Trubachev ESSJa V 53-54; Leh- 
mann GED 85. 

*dalaz ~ *ďalan sb.m./n.: Goth dal(s) 
'ravine, pit, valley', ON dalr 'dále', OE 
dtsl 'dále, den, giilf ', OFris del 'valley', OS 
dal id., OHG tal. Identical wiur W dol 
'valley', Slav *doh> id. (Hellouist ANF 
VII 171; Meillet Etudes 242-243). Cf. 
probably Gk BóXoc; 'round building with a 
conical roof. Schweizer KZ I 478; 
Sperber WuS VI 40; Loth RC XLII 86; 
Torp-Falk 204; Holthausen AEEW 69; 
Feist 114-115; Huisman R'Z LXXI 103; 
Pokorný I 245; Vries ANEW 72; Frisk I 
677; Zalizniak II 186; Onions 242; 
Trubaghev ESSJa V 64-65; Bammes- 
berger Notn. 54; Fvluge-Seebold 813. 

*dal3Ójanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. dalga 'to 
strike', LG dalgen id. Related to *dul^an. 
Torp-Falk 210; Pokorný I 247. 

*daljan ~ *daljó sb.n./f: Goth ib-dalja 
'declivity, slope' (mase. or neut.), OE of- 
drele 'downward slope', dell 'deep hollow, 
valley', OFris déle id. MLG delle id., latě 
MHG klk id. Derived from *ialaz ~ 
*ialan. Torp-Falk 204; Holthausen 
AEEW 71; Feist 114, 287; Onions 253; 
Lehmann GED 202; Kluge-Seebold 169. 

*dammaz ~ *tiamman sb.m./n.: ON 
dammr 'dam', OFris damm, domm id., 
MLG dam id., MHG tam, tamm id. 
Continues *d/i9-mno, based on *dhě-men-, 
cf. Skt dhaman- 'statute, law' (Grien- 
berger Got. 66). Schroder ZPADL 



čtammaz 



68 



čtarsa 



XLII 66 (to IE *dheb- 'thick'); Torp-Falk 

201—202 (samé as Grienberger); van 
Wijk IFXXW 31-32 (from *dambna-, to 
Gk 6«7tx(o 'to bury', Arm damban 'grave'); 
Wood MB XVIII 84 (from *dhm-uo-, cf. 
Gk OajrÓQ 'thick'); Gůntert Labyrinth 30 
(pre-IE term); Walde-Pokorny I 850 
(follow Sohroder); Pokorný I 238; Vrfes 
AMEW 72-73; Onions 242; Lehmann 
GED 111; Kluge-Seebold 1 6 1 (back for- 
mation from *dammjanan). 

*dammjanan wk.vb.: Goth faur-dammjan 
'to dam up, to hinder', OE for-demman 'to 
dam up', OFris damma 'to fence in', 
MHG ver-temmen 'to fence in'. Derived 
from *iammaz ~ *tamman. Torp-Falk 
201; Holthausen AEEW 71; Feist 146; 
Vrtes AME1V 75; Onions 242; Lehmann 
GED 111; Kluge-Seebold 161. 

*dampaz sb.m.: MLG damp 'steam', 
OHG dampf id. Based on str. vb. 
*iempanan > MHG dimpfen 'to steam, to 
smoke' which can be related to Lith 
dumpiú, dúmpti 'to blow'. Pokorný I 
247-248 (to Skt dhámati 'to blow', Mír 
dera 'black, dark'); Onions 243. 

*daniz sb.m.: Goth prop. Danus, ON pl. 
Danir 'Dane', OE pl. Dene id., OHG pl. 
Teni id. Of uncertain origin. Zachris- 
son Festschr. Kock 404-408; Ltndouist MB 
106-110 (to *dentanan); Holthausen 
AEEW 71; Vries AMEW 73. 

*ďan3\vjanan wk.vb.: ON dengja 'to 
hammer', OE denc^an 'to knock, to 
ding', MHG tengen 'to strike'. Causative of 
*denjwanan. Identical with Slav *dqzíti 'to 
rush', cf. furťher Lith danginti 'to move, to 
resettle'. Torp-Falk 200; Vries AMEW 
75; Trubachev ESSJa V 100; Kluge- 
Seebold 170. 

*dani-mark5 sb.f: ON Dan-mqrk 'Den- 
mark', OE Dena-mearc id., OHG Dene- 
marca id. Compound of *daniz and 
*marko. Vries AME]V 73. 

*dankó sb.f: ON dqkk 'pit, pool'. Could be 
formally identical with Latv danga 'vault, 
angle', Slav *dqga 'are' but the latter seem 
to reflect *-gh-. Torp-Falk 200; Vries 
AMEW 93; Trubachev ESSJa V 98-99. 



*dankwaz ~ *denkwaz adj.: ON dqkkr 
'dark', OFris diunk id. Identical with 
Hitt dankui- 'black, dark' (Kammenhuber 
KZ LXXVII 62). Torp-Falk 201; 
Schwentner PBB XLV 457; Karsten 
MB II 429-431; Pokorný I 247-248 (to 
Mír dm 'black'); Vries AME]V 92; Hei- 
dermanns 146, 152, KZ XCLX 297; 
Fvluge-Seebold 199. 

*dann5n sb.f: OS danna 'pine', OHG 
tanna 'fir wooď. If related to Gk Bájivoi; 
'thickeť (Fick I 464), *damnón should be 
reconstructed. Torp-Falk 200 (to Skt 
neut. dhanva- 'bow'); Frisk I 652. 

*dapraz adj.: ON dapr 'sad, downcasť, 
MLG dapper 'heavy', OHG tapjar id. 
Compared with Toch A tpár, B tapre 
'high' (Wiedemann BB XXX 216: also to 
Slav *dobrb 'gooď, *debeh> 'strong, thick'). 
Wood MiJVXXI 227 (to Skt dabhrá- 'lit- 
de, small'); Torp-Falk 200; Karsten MB 
II 257; Pokorný I 239; Chemodanov 
SGGJa 1111; Vries ^jVEII r 73; Onions 
244; Trubachev ESSJa V 45-46; 
Heidermanns 146—147; Kluge-Seebold 
815; Adams TB 280 (compares Toch with 
*deupaz); Burlak IFTJa 246 (samé as 
Adams). 

*dar(r)adaz sb.m.: Burg *dards 'spear', 
ON darradr 'darť, OE dani id., OHG tart 
id. Derived from *darran. Holthausen 
AEEW 70; Vries AMEW 74; Onions 244; 
Kobler 709. 

*darran sb.n.: ON dair 'darť. Borrowed 
from Irán *dáru-\ Av dauni- 'trunk, 
wooden weapon'. Martinet Gem. 199; 
Vries AMEW 74 (to Skt dhara 'edge, 
blade'). 

*darsa str.vb.: Goth ga-dars 'to venture, to 
dare', OE dear 'to dare', OFris dur id., 
OS dar, darr id., OHG -tar id. Related to 
Skt dhrsnú- 'bold, courageous', Av darši- 
'bold, strong', Gk Gpaaút; 'bold, rash', 
Oapoéto 'to be courageous', Lith drqsús 
'brave' and probably Slav *dbrz~b 'dar- 
ing, audacious' (with unexplained *-Z~). 
Bartholomae 699; Torp-Falk 203; 
Meillet/FV 333; Feist 177-178; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 80; Mayrhofer II 



darsa 



69 



dauba-bandan 



112-113; Pokorný I 259; Fraenkel 
101-102; Frisk I 654-655; Onions 244; 
Seebold 147; Trubaohev ESSJa V 
228-229; Lehmann GED 135. 

*dasón ~ *ctasaz sb.m.: ON dasi 'lazy 
fellow', MDu daes 'fool'. Related to Lat 
jěriae, OLat fěsiae 'days of rest, holidays', 
jestus 'of the holidays, festive, solemn', 
Umbr fesnaf-e 'in fanum' < *dhes-. 
Walde-Hofmann I 481, 489; Pokorný I 
259; Vries ANEW 74 (to MLG dosen 'to 
mock'). 

*daubaz adj.: Goth daujs 'duli, numb, 
deaf, nEJitopcoiiévoc;', ON daujr 'deaf', OE 
deáf id., OFris dáj id., MLG doj 'id., OHG 
toub id. Probably related to Gk x\)<pA.ó? 
'blinď, TÍi(po<; 'smoke, conceiť (Persson 
UUÁ 1891 55). On the other hand, cf. 
Slav *duhb 'upright, straighť. Karsten 
MB I 62; Torp-Faek 209-210; Lewy KZ 
XL 420 (to Latv stubs 'stump'); Feist 
115-116; Holthausen AEEW 70; Wiss- 
mann MP 88; Jóhannesson IEW 503-506; 
Pokorný I 264; Vries AMEW 74; Frisk 
II 949-950; Chantraine 1147-1148; 
Onions 246; Seebold 155; Trubaohev 
ESSja V 145; Lehmann GED 88; Bam- 
mesberger Mom. 237; Heidermanns 148; 
Kluge-Seebold 817. 

*daubibó sb.f.: Goth daubipa 'dullness, 
numbness, stubborness', ON deyjb 'deaf- 
ness'. Derived from *iaubjanan I. Feist 
115; Vries AMEW 76; Heidermanns 148. 

*daubjanan I wk.vb.: Goth ga-daubjan 'to 
make insensitive, to be numb, to harden', 
ON deyja 'to make blunť, OHG gi-touben 
'to weaken'. Derived from *daubaz. 
Feist 115; Vries AMEW 76; Lehmann 
GED 88; Heidermanns 148. 

*daubjanan II wk.vb.: ON deyja 'to dive', 
OE á-dujan id., OS bi-dobian id. Derived 
from *dubanan. Holthausen AEE]V 73; 
Vries ANEW 76. 

*daudaz adj.: Goth daups 'deaď (-/>- 
under the influence of *daupaz ~ *dau- 
puz), ON dauSr id., OE deíd id., OFris dďd 
id., OS dod id., OHG tot id. Derived from 
*iewanan. Feist 1 1 8; Torp-Falk 1 99; 
Holthausen AEEW 70; Fvarsten MB II 



333-334; Host MTS XV 410-411; 
Pokorný I 260; Vries AME1V 74; Onions 
246; Seebold 148; Lehmann GED 89-90; 
Bammesberger Mom. 251; Heidermanns 
149; Fíluge-Seebold 829; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*ttaudjanan wk.vb.: Goth daupjan 'to kilT, 
ON deySa id., OS bi-dodian id., OHG 
pret. gi-dotía id. Derived from *daudaz. 
Feist 118; Vries AMEU' 76; Lehmann 
GED 90; Heidermanns 149. 

*dau3a str.vb.: Goth daug 'to be good, to 
be suitable', OE deáh 'to be of use, to be 
gooď, OFris dach, daech 'to be suitable 
for, OS dog id., OHG toug id. Related to 
Gk teÍix™ 'to produce, to make, to builď, 
Tt>Y2(ávcfl 'to meet, to attain a goal', Lith 
daug 'much, many', Slav *dugb 'strength, 
power', *dužb 'strong, large' (Wood MP 
XI 333). Zupitza Gutt. 178; Grtenber- 
ger Got. 54-55; Torp-Falk 207; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 79; Feist 127-128; 
Johansson K^ XXX 422 50; Jóhannes- 
son IEW 508; Pokorný I 271; Fraen- 
kel 84, IF LLX 161; Vries AMEW 86; 
Frisk II 888; Onions 286; Trubaohev 
ESSja V 150, 167-168; Seebold 149- 
151; Lehmann GED 96-97; Fvluge- 
Seebold 818. 

*dauniz sb.f./m.: Goth dauns 'odor, smelT, 
ON daunn id. Related to IE *dheu- 'to fly 
about, to whirl': Skt dhíinóti 'to shake, to 
agitate', Gk Gúto 'to sacrifice'. Schwei- 
zer R'Z I 159; Torp-Falk 206-207 
Feist 116-117; Mayrhofer II 107-108 
Pokorný 259-260; Vries AME]V 74: 
Frisk I 698-699; Lehmann GED 88-89. 

*daupjanan wk.vb.: Goth daupjan 'to im- 
merse, to baptize', ON deypa 'to dip', OFris 
depa 'to immerse, to baptize', OS dópian 
id., OHG toujen id. Derived from *ieu- 
paz. Kluge Btrg. Gesch. XXXV 131-132 
(Gothic influence on WGmc meanings); 
Torp-Falk 209; Feist 117; Vries AMEW 
76; Lehmann GED 89, 92; Heidermanns 
154; Kluge-Seebold 817-818. 

*<tauba-bandan sb.n.: ON pl. dauba-bond 
'death bonď, MHG tot-bant id. (hap. leg.). 
Compound of *iaupaz ~ *daupuz and 



dauj)a-bandan 



70 



denraz 



*bandan. Carr jVotn. comp. 83 (OHG is a 
calque of Lat uincula mortis). 

*čtaupa-čla3az sb.m.: ON dautla-da.gr 
'deaťh day', OE deád-dtej id. Compound 
of *daupaz ~ *daupuz and *da^az. Carr 
Mom. comp. 80 (parallel formations). 

*daupaz ~ *čtaupuz sb.m.: Goth daupus 
'deadr', ON daudr id., daudi id. (n-stem), 
OE déad id., OFris dath id., OS doth id., 
OHG tod id. Substantivized *daudaz. 
Torp-Falk 199; Holthausen AEE]V 7 1 ; 
Feist 118; Pokorný I 260; Vries AMEW 
74; Zalizniak II 199; Lehmann GED 
90; Bammesberger Mom. 159; Kluge- 
Seebold 826; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*ctawjanan str./wk.vb.: ON deyja 'to 
die', OS doian id., OHG douwen 'to set, 
to go down'. Derived from *dewanan. 
Torp-Falk 198-199; Jóhannesson IEW 
502-503; Pokorný I 260-261; Vries 
AMEW 76; Onions 266; Seebold 147; 
Kluge-Seebold 826. 

*tiawwěnan wk.vb.: ON dqggva 'to 
bedew', OFris dawa 'to melt', MHG tou- 
wen id. Derived from *dawwo ~ *dawwan. 
Torp-Falk 204; Vries AMEW 92-93. 

*dawwo ~ *dawwan sb.f./n.: ON dqgg 
'dew', OE mase. deáw id., OFris dáw id., 
OS mase. mili-dou 'mildew', OHG tou 
'dew'. Connected with Toch A twe, B 
tweye 'dusť, Lat suf-Jio 'to fumigate, to 
perfume, to scenť < *-dhuiio. Torp- 
Falk 204; Holthausen AEEW 71; 
Walde-Hofmann II 625; Pokorný I 
260-261; Vries AMEW 92; Zalizniak II 
173; Onions 263; Lehmann GED 89; 
Kluge-Seebold 817; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*delaz ~ *ďeló sb.m./f: Sw dial. del 
'teať, OE dělu id., OHG tila. Identical 
with Alb djale 'boy, youth', cf. also Latv 
dels 'son', Lat Jilius id. with a long vowel. 
Derivative of IE *dhei- 'to suck', see 
*dajjanan. Torp-Falk 205; Holthausen 
AEEW 71; Walde-Hofmann I 496-497; 
Pokorný I 242; Dybo VSJa 25 (pretonic 
shortening of *ě in Gmc); Lehmann GED 
85; Schrijver LL 352 (follows Dybo); 
Orel AED 67. 

*delbanan str.vb.: OE delfan 'to dig', 



OFris delva id., OS bi-deltan id., OHG bi- 
telpan id. Related to Slav *dblbti 'to gouge, 
to thump', rare *delbti id. Torp-Falk 
204; Holthausen AEE1\' 71; Pokorný I 
246; Chemodanov SGGJa I 82; Onions 
254; Stang LS 17; Seebold 153; Truba- 
chev ESSJa IV 205, V 206. 

*delbaz ~ *delban sb.m./n.: ON stein- 
deljř 'wagtail, Motacilla', MLG ř/c/fditch'. 
Derived from *delbanan. Gf. a structurally 
close Slav *dblb'b 'chisel, pit'. Vries 
AMEW 75; Trubaohev ESSJa V 206- 
207. 

*deljaz sb.m.: Swed dill 'dill', OE dik id., 
OS dilli id., OHG tilli id. Related to Olr 
deil 'roď < *dheli-. Torp-Falk 203; 
Trter Holz 56; Fvluge-Seebold 181 (to 
OHG toldo 'foliage'). 

*demmaz adj.: ON dimmr 'dark, dim', OE 
dim id., OFris comp. dimme id. Related to 
Olr dem 'black, dark'. Torp-Falk 201; 
Holthausen AEEW 73; Sghwentner 
PBB XLV 454-455; Karsten NB II 
220-221; Pokorný I 247-248; Vries 
AMEW 77; Onions 268; Heidermanns 
151-152. 

*demmojanan wk.vb.: ON dimma 'to 
become dim', OE part. á-dimmad 'to dim, 
to darken, to obscure'. Derived from 
*demmaz. Vrtes AMEW 77; Heider- 
manns 151. 

*den3\vanan str.vb.: OSwed diunga 'to 
knock, to rap', ME din^en, den^en 'to beať. 
See *dan3ivjanan. Torp-Falk 200; Vrtes 
AMEW 75; Trubaohev ESSJa V 100; 
Kluge-Seebold 170. 

*denraz sb.m.: OHG tenar 'fiat hand, 
palm'. Related to Hitt dannar-eššar 
'armpiť, Gk 9évap 'palm, footsole'. 
Thematization of the originál *dhenr 
(Lůhr Wortschatz 68). No connection with 
WGmc *denjan > OE dam 'den', MLG 
fem. denně 'low ground', OHG tenni 
'drreshing-floor' (despite Fvluge-Seebold 
821) which is to be compared witír Skt 
dhánus- 'dry land', dhánu- 'sandbank, 
shore'. Wood AÍLMXXl 41-42 {*tenjan 
to Skt pl. dhana 'grain'); Torp-Falk 199; 
Holthausen AEEW 72; Pokorný I 



clenraz 



71 



čteuzan 



249; Frisk I 661-662; Onions 255-256; 
Bammesberger Mom. 74; Lůhr Wortschatz 
67-70; Kluge-Seebold 821. 

*dentanan str.vb.: ON detta 'to fall, to 
drop'. Related to Alb gdhend 'to plane' < 
PAlb *ka-denta (Joke Studien 21-22). 
Fick I 463 (to Lat de-fendo 'to fend, to 
repel, to averť); Torp-Falk 199-200; 
Jóhannesson IEW 512-514; Pokorný I 
250; Vries AMEW 76; Seebold 154; 
Bammesberger Mom. 131; Orel AED 
112. 

*derbanan str.vb.: OE deorjan 'to labor', 
OFris far-derva id., MLG vor-dewen 'to step 
down', MHG ver-derben 'to die, to pass 
away'. Related to Lith dirbu, dirbti 'to 
work', dárbas 'work'. Torp-Falk 567; 
Holthausen AEEW 72; Pokorný I 257; 
Chemodanov SGGJa 171; Vries ANEW 
77-78; Fraenkel 82; Seebold 154-155. 

*derbaz adj.: ON djarfi 'bold, daring', OE 
deorf 'valianť, OFris déme 'daring, auda- 
cious', OS derbi 'hostile, evil'. Derived 
from *derbanan. Torp Festschr. Unger 
176-179 (to Gk xpéipco 'to feeď); Torp- 
Falk 202; Holthausen AEEW 70; 
Karsten MB I 32; Walde-Pokorny I 863 
(to Lith dárbas 'work'); Pokorný I 
257-258; Vries AME]V 77-78; Seebold 
154; Heidermanns 152-153. 

*derkaz adj.: OE deorc 'dark, obscure'. 
Identical with Olr derg 'reď < *dhergo- 
and further connected wiuh Litíi dérgiu, 
dérgti 'to become dirty'. Cf. also Toch 
A tdrkár, B tarkár 'clouď < *dhrg-ru-. 
Zupitza Gutt. 160; Pedersen BB XLX 
299—300 (to Lat furuus 'ark, dusky, 
gloomy' < *dhorg"o-); Reichelt K£ XLVI 
323 (samé as Pedersen); Torp-Falk 202; 
Sohwentner PBB XLV 457-458; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 72; Pokorný I 251-252; 
Fraenkel 103; Heidermanns 153; Adams 
75 21. 

*deupa-líkaz adj.: ON djúp-ligr 'deep', 
OE deóp-líc id. Derived from *deupaz. 
Heidermanns 154. 

*deupaz adj.: Goth dhips 'deep', ON djipr 
id., OE deóp id., OFris comp. diape id., 
OS diop id., OHG tiof, tiufi id. Related to 



Olr domain id., Lith dubiis id., Latv duSbs 
id. Zupitza Gutt. 37; Torp-Falk 209 
Feist 121; Holthausen AEEW 72 
Karsten MB I 29; Pokorný I 267 
Fraenkel 108-109; Vries AMEW 78 
Onions 250; Lehmann GED 92; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 240; Heidermanns 153— 
154; Kluge-Seebold 824; Adams TB 280 
(to Toch A tpar, B tapre 'high'). 

*deupibó sb.f.: Goth diupipa 'depuY, ON 
dýpt id., ME depthe id., OLG diopitha id., 
MLG děpede id., MHG tufede id. Derived 
from *deupaz. Identical with Alb det 'sea' 
< PAlb *dtubeta (Jokl Studien 14-15). 
Torp-Falk 209; Feist 121; Vries AMEW 
90; Onions 258; Bammesberger Mom. 
117; Heidermanns 154; Orel AED 
61-62. 

*deupín sb.f: Goth diupei 'depth', OS diupi 
id., OHG tiufi id. Derived from *deupaz. 
Torp-Falk 209; Feist 121; Onions 258; 
Lehmann GED 92; Heidermanns 153. 

*deurja-líkaz adj.: ON dýr-ligr 'glorious', 
OS diur-lik 'valuable, excellenť, OHG 
tiur-lih id. Derived from *deurjaz. Hei- 
dermanns 154. 

*deurip5 sb.f: ON dýro 'glory, fame', OS 
diuritha id., OHG tiurida id. Derived from 
*deurjaz. Torp-Falk 199; Vries AMEh r 
90; Onions 247; Heidermanns 154. 

*deurjaz adj.: ON dýrr 'dear, precious', 
OE deóre 'dear, expensive', OFris diure id., 
OS diuri 'valuable, expensive', OHG tiuri 
id. Related to Skt adv. dhurd 'violently', 
Gk á-B-upco 'to play'. Torp-Falk 199; 
Holthausen ^££[1' 73; Kluge 129, 727; 
Karsten MB II 384-385; Pokorný I 
266-267; Vries AMEW 91 (to *dheu- 'to 
weave'); Onions 247; Heidermanns 154— 
155 (to Slav *dum 'stupidity, madness'); 
Kluge-Seebold 822-823 (from *dheg>h- 
ro- to *dheg"h- 'to burn'). 

*deuzan sb.n.: Goth dius 'beast, animal', 
ON dýr id., OE deór id., OFris diar 
id., OS meri-dior 'sea animal', OHG tior 
'animal'. Continues IE *dheuso- closely 
related to *dhouso- > Alb dash 'ram', Lith 
pl. daúsos 'paradise', Slav *duxb 'breath, 
spirit' (Burda KZ II 190-191; Saussure 



deuzan 



72 



diso 



Mánoire 81). Persson UUA 1891 81-83; 
Grienberger Got. 58 (to Gk 9éco 'to run'); 
Torp-Faek 217; Wood AJPhil XLI 345- 
346 (to Gk Gúco 'to rage'); Feist 121-122; 
Holthausen AEE]V 72; Pokorný I 
244-245; Chemodanov SGGJa I 83; 
Fraenkel 115; Vries ANE1V 90; Zaliz- 
niak I 139; Onions 250; Trubachev 
ESSJa V 153-154; Lehmann GED 92-93; 
Bammesberger Nom. 96; Heidermanns 
155-156; Keuge-Seebold 825; Orel 
AED 57. 

*<tewanan str.vb.: Goth diwan 'to die'. 
Connected with Av 1 duál. pres. med. 
dvaidl 'to press', Phryg Saóc;' [. . .] i)7tó 
Opityčov X\>Koq, Hes., Slav *daviá 'to press, 
to squeeze'. Grienberger Got. 58 (to 
Gk Géto 'to run'); Torp-Falk 198-199; 
Feist 122; Lidén Arm. St. 40-41 (to Arm 
di 'corpse'); Wood MLN XXI 226-227 
(to Lat fatigo 'to grow weary'); Pokorný 
I 235; Seebold 147-149; Llmdeman Ver- 
schárfung 16.5; Lehmann GED 3, 93. 

*dědiz sb.f.: Goth ga-deps 'act, deeď, ON 
dád id., OE déd id., OFris děde id., OS dad 
id., OHG tat id. Formally identical with 
Av ni-8aiti- 'laying down', Lith detis 'loaď 
derived from IE *dhě- 'to put, to seť, see 
*Íonan. Bartholomae 1082; Torp- 
Faek 198; Holthausen AEE]V 68; Feist 
178; Trier Lshm 104-109; Pokorný I 
237; Fraenkel 91-92; Vries AMW 71; 
Zalizniak I 150; Onions 250; Seebold 
157; Lehmann GED 136; Bammesberger 
JVom. 146; Kluge-Seebold 816; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*čtěxón sb.f.: OHG tahá 'jackdaw'. 
Probably telated to OPrus doacke 'starling' 
< *ddk- (Pott BVS VI 113). Nessel- 
mann Thesaurus 31; Toporov PJa I 354; 
Fvluge-Seebold 187. 

*dějanan vvk.vb.: OHG taen 'to suckle'. 
Related to Skt dháyati 'to suck, to drink', 
Gk aor. 0r|aaxo id., Arm diem id., Olr 
dírám id., Latv dějů id., Slav *dojiti 'to 
milk'. Cf. zero grade in OSw dla 'to 
suckle', MLG tlen id. See *dajjanan. 
Torp-Falk 205; Mayrhofer II 93; 
Pokorný I 241-242; Frisk I 673-674; 



Lindeman .ATS XXII 72-73; Lehmann 
GED 85. 

*dÍ3raz adj.: ON digr 'stout, big', OFris 
adv. diger 'careful', MDu deger 'complete', 
MHG adv. tiger, tigere 'complete, tutal'. 
Derived from *di^anan. Karsten MB II 
254; Torp-Falk 205; Feist 119; Van 
Windekens I 533 (to Toch A tsiňk 
'hardly, strongly'); Pokorný I 244-245; 
Vries AME\V 76; Seebold 151; Lehmann 
GED 90 (on Goth digrei 'abundance'); 
Hetdermanns 156—157. 

*ďÍ3anan str.vb.: Goth irreg. d(e)igan 'to 
kneaď, Norw digen 'to milk'. Related to 
Toch A tsek-, B tsaik- 'to shape, to form', 
Skt degdhi 'to smear, to anoinť, Av caus. 
daězqyeiti 'to wall abouť, Gk Giyyávto 'to 
touch, to také hold of, Lat fingo 'to form', 
Lith díežti 'to skin, to flay'. Bartho- 
lomae 673-674; Torp-Falk 205-206; 
Holthausen AEE1V 69-70; Walde- 
Hofmann I 501-502; Feist 118-119; 
Jóhannesson IE\V 501-502; Mayrhofer 
II 62; Pokorný I 244-245; Fraenkel 98; 
Vries ANEW 76; Frisk I 674-675; 
Onions 242; Seebold 151-152; Lehmann 
GED 90; Burlak IFTJa 263. 

*díkón ~ *dikaz sb.m.: ON díti 'ditch, 
dike', OE díc id. (fem.), OFris dik id., OS 
dik id., OHG tíh id. Of unknown origin. 
Fick KZ XXII 103-104 (to Lat figó 'to 
fix, to fasten, to thrust in, to attach', Lith 
dýgti 'to grow, to crop'); Torp-Falk 205 
(follow Fick); Holthausen AEE]V 72; 
Pokorný I 244; Vries AMEW 76; 
Zalizniak II 182; Onions 278; Lehmann 
GED 90; Kluge-Seebold 167. 

*díojanan wk.vb.: OSwed dia 'to suck', 
MHG dlen 'to suck, to suckle'. Related to 
*dějanan. Torp-Falk 205; Pokorný I 
241-242; Frisk I 673-674. 

*dísó sb.f.: ON dis 'goddess, sister'. 
Unclear prefixal formations in WGmc: 
OE ides 'woman', OS idis 'woman, wife', 
OHG itis 'woman'. Unclear. Related to 
*dajjanan? Or to Arm pl. di-k' 'gods' if 
the latter is to be separated from Gk 
6eó<; 'goď? Torp-Falk 206; Frisk I 
662-663. 



cÍoJdíz 



73 



čtra3an 



*dóbiz adj.: Goth ga-dofs 'appropriate, 
suitable', OE y-dífe 'becoming, fit, 
proper'. Derived from *iaianan. Torp- 
Falk 200; Feist 179; Seebold 146. 

*ŮÓ3az sb.n.: Goth fidur-dogs 'four days 
long', ON dogr 'day or nighť. Derived 
from *ia3az. Torp-Falk 199; Schulze 
Kl. Schr. 844-845; Holthausen AEEW 
74; Feist 149; Pokorný I 7, 241-242; 
Vries AMEW 92; Lehmann GED 86. 

*d51jo sb.f.: ON dal 'little dále', LG dole 
'hole', OHG tuola 'hole, pit' (o- and on- 
stem). Related to *dalaz ~ *dalan. 
Torp-Falk 204; Vries ANEW 92; 
Lehmann GED 87. 

*doma-xúsan sb.n.: ON dóm-hús 'court- 
house', OE dóm-hús id. Gompound of 
*domaz and *xusan. Carr Mom. comp. 80 
(parallel formations). 

*dóma-st51az sb.m.: ON dóm-stóll 'judg- 
ment seať, OHG tuom-stuol 'tribunál'. 
Compound of *dó?naz and *stolaz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 85 (parallel formations). 

*áómaz sb.m.: Goth doms 'discernment, 
distinction', ON dómr 'court of judgment, 
judgmenť, OE dóm 'judgment, ruling', 
OFris dóm id., OS dóm id., OHG tuom id. 
(also neut.). Close to Gk 9co|ió<; 'heap', 
Phryg duma, dumos 'religious assembly', 
further derived from *dhe- 'to put, to seť. 
See *ió~nan. Torp-Falk 198; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 74; Feist 122-123; Pokorný 
I 238; Dybo VSJa 27; Fraenkel 92 (Lith 
dome 'attention' is secondarily derived 
from dometis 'to watch'); Frisk I 700; 
Vries ANEW 79; Zalizniak II 167; 
Onions 24; Seebold 158; Lehmann GED 
93; Bammesberger Mom. 72; Orel Phry- 
gian 425. 

*áómjanan wk.vb.: Goth domjan 'to deem, 
to judge', ON dcema 'to judge, to talk', 
OE démon 'to diink, to judge', OFris dona 
id., OS a-domian 'to judge', OHG tuomen 
id. Derived from *Íomaz. Torp-Falk 
198; Holthausen AEEW 74; Feist 122; 
Vries AMEW 92; Onions 250; Lehmann 
GED 93. 

*dónan str.vb.: OE dán 'to do, to make', 
OFris dma id., OS doan id., OHG tuon id. 



Related to IE *dhe- 'to puť: Hitt dai- 
'to puť, Toch AB ta- id., Skt dádháti id., 
Av daSaiti 'to bring', Gk xíGr|ui 'to puť, 
Lat facio 'to do, to make', Lith děti 'to 
puť, Slav *děti 'to puť. Bartholomae 
678; Torp-Falk 197-198; Holthausen 
AEEW 75; Walde-Hofmann I 440-442; 
Mayrhofer II 14-15; Pokorný I 
235-239; Fraenkel 91-92; Frisk II 
897-898; Onions 279-280; Seebold 
157-160; Kluge-Seebold 841; Burlak 
IFTJa 245. 

*<tówjanan wk.vb.: Goth part. af-dauips 
'troubled, annoyeď. Similar to Slav 
*daviti 'to strangle, to press, to squeeze'. 
Cf. also ON dá 'catalepsy' < *dawan 
close to Phryg Sáoi;' . . . bnb Opuyróv 
AÚkoc; (Hes.). Causative of *dewanan. 
Fvretschmer Einleitung 211; Wood MLM 
XXI 226-227 (to ON dasask 'to become 
weary'); Fiok BB XXLX 236; Torp-Falk 
198; Feist 4; Detschew Thr. 117; 
Pokorný I 235; Fraenkel 100 (Lith dovyti 
'to tormenť < Slav); Vries AMEW 71; 
Stang LS 18; Trubachev ESSJa IV 198 
199; Lehmann GED 3; Orel Phtygian 
422. 

*draban sb.n.: ON draf 'draff, husks', ME 
mase. drafjeasť, MLG draf 'draff, husks, 
dregs', OHG pl. trebir 'husks'. See 
*ÍroÍ(j)az. Further to be compared with 
Olr drab 'dregs, yeasť, Slav *drob~b 'bit, 
intestine' (Fraenkel 102-103). Torp- 
Falk 202-203; Feist 126-127, 179; 
Pokorný I 204, 252; Vries ^AEIT 79-80 
(to Gk xpécpto 'to fatten, to nourish'); 
Chantraine 1135 (follows Vries); 
Onions 287; Trubachev ESSJa V 119- 
120; Lehmann GED 96, 136; Kluge- 
Seebold 834. 

*drablón sb.m.: ON drafli 'curdled milk'. 
Cf. also neut. draf 'tatde' < *drablan. 
Structurally close to Gk tpoipaXíg 'fresh 
cheese, sour milk', further to Gk Tpéepto 
'to feeď (Petersson SVSL I 125). Vries 
AMEW 80; Frisk II 925-927. 

*dra3an sb.n.: ON drag 'rim, lining', OE 
je-ř/ívej 'dragging, band, multitude', MLG 
ge-drach 'yielď. Derived from *dra^anan. 



dra3an 



74 



drau3az 



Holthausen AEEJ V 75; Vries ANE] V 80. 

*dra3anan str.vb.: Goth dragan 'to draw, 
to accumulate, to také on', ON draga 'to 
draw', OE dragan 'to draw, to drag', 
OFris draga, drega 'to carry', OS dragan id., 
OHG tragan id. Identical with Alb dredh 
'to turn, to rotate' < PAlb *dradza, cf. also 
Arm darnam 'to turn' (Lidén Arm. St. 
101-102). Walde IF XLX 106 (to Lat 
traho 'to pull' if from *dhragho); Zupitza 
Gutt. 177; Berneker 212-213 (to Slav 
*dorga 'roaď); Trautmann BB XX 330 
(to Gk Tpéxto); Torp-Falk 211; Feist 123; 
Holthausen AEE] V 76; Walde-Pokorny 
I 859 (to Skt dfhyati 'to be strong'); 
Jóhannesson IEW 519-521; Pokorný I 
257; Vries ANEW 80; Onions 288; 
Seebold 160-162; Lehmann GED 93-94 
(to IE *dher- 'to hold'); Mottausch KZ 
CVI 160-172; Kluge- Seebold 830-831; 
Orel AED 73. 

*dra3Ílaz sb.m.: Burg *dragik 'carrier', 
ON dregill 'ribbon', OHG tregil 'bearer'. 
Derived from *dra3an, *dra^anan. See- 
bold 161; Kobler 709. 

*ďra3Jo sb.f.: ON dregg 'dregs, lees'. 
Related to OPrus dragios 'yeasť (if not 
from Germanic), Lith pl. drages id. (if not 
from Old Prussian), Lett dial. dradzi 'sed- 
iment in melted butter', Slav *droždía 
'yeasť < *dhroghió, Alb dra ~ dra 'oil-cake, 
melted butter' < PAlb *draga (Forste- 
mann KZ XLX (1870) 355). Fick KZ 
XXI 4; Froehde BB XIII 455 (adds Lat 
fracěs 'grounds, dregs of oil'); Persson 
Beitrdge 929 (follows Froehde); Torp 
Festschr. Unger 178; Zupitza Gutt. 31, 178; 
Torp-Falk 211; Reichelt KZ XLVI 
322; Pokorný I 251; Fraenkel 100; 
Vries ANEW 82; Onions 289; Truba- 
ohev ESSJa V 128-129; Fsluge- Seebold 
835; Orel AED 71; Dybo BSA 13. 

*dra3Ón sb.f: ON pl. drqgur 'timber car- 
ried on horseback', OE dm^e 'dragneť 
(neut.?), OHG traga 'barrow, nurse, 
nanny'. Derived from *dra^anan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 75; Vries ANEW 80; 
Seebold 161. 

*draxtuz ~ *čtraxtó sb.m./f: ON dráttr 



'draught, pulling', MLG dracht id. 
Structurally close to Lat part. tractus, of 
traho 'to drag'. Further related to *dra^a- 
nan. Torp-Falk 211; Walde-Hofmann 
II 698-699; Vries ANEW 81; Kluge- 
Seebold 830. 

*draibjanan wk.vb.: Godi draibjan 'to 
drive, to propel', ON dreifa 'to scatter, to 
disperse', OE dréjan 'to drive', MHG 
durch-treiben id. Derived from *drííanan. 
Holthausen AEElť 75; Feist 123; Vrles 
ANEW 82; Seebold 163. 

*dramban sb.n.: ON dramb 'roli of fat on 
the neck'. Glose to Gk GpónPoq 'coagu- 
lated mass'. Pokorný I 257—258; Frisk 
I 685-686 (further to xpéipto 'to thicken, 
to curdle'); Chantraine 442; Lehmann 
GED 96. 

*dran3az sb.m.: ON drangr 'lonely up- 
standing rock'. Identical with Alb drang 
'barge-pole, punting-pole; young crea- 
ture, cub', Lidi draňgas 'thick pole', dránga 
'perch, pole', Slav *drqgl, 'club, stick' 
(Zupitza Gutt. 177). Johansson KZ 
XXXVI 374; Torp-Falk 211; Traut- 
mann BS] V 59; Stang LS 19; Pokorný I 
254; Fraenkel 101; Vries ANE]V 81; 
Mann Language XXVI 386; Trubachev 
ESSJa V 129-130; Orel Zf^alk XXIII/1 
73, AED 72. 

*drankan sb.n.: Goth dragk 'drink, potion', 
OHG tram id. (mase, neut.). Derived 
from *drenkanan. Feist 123; Onions 289; 
Seebold 165; Bammesberger Nom. 53; 
Kluge-Seebold 832. 

*drankjanan wk.vb.: Goth dragkjan 'to 
make drink', ON drekkja 'to drown, to 
swamp', OE drencan 'to give to drink', 
OFris drentza id., OS or-drenkian id., 
MHG trenken id. Causative of *irenkanan. 
Torp-Falk 211-212; Holthausen 
AEEW 76; Feist 123; Vries ANEW 82; 
Onions 289; Seebold 165; Kluge- 
Seebold 832. 

*Ůrau3az sb.m.: ON drangr 'ghost, spectre' 
(unless = draugr 'dry log'), OS gidrog 
'mirage', OHG gi-trog 'deception' (neut.). 
Identical with Av draoya- 'lie, deceiť. See 
*dreu3anan. Bartholomae 768; Torp- 



drau3az 



75 



dreu3anan 



Falk 213; Pokorný I 276; Vries ANEW 
81; Lehmann GED 95; Crozier ANF Cil 
1—12 (on ON draugr 'companion'). 

*draumaz sb.m.: ON draumr 'dream', OE 
dreám 'joy, pleasure', OFris dram 'dream', 
OS dróm id., OHG troutn id. Derived from 
*ireusanan 'to fall', semantically similar to 
the development of IE *suep- 'to sleep' 
based on *suep- 'to fall', presumably, with 
an intermediate stage 'to become weak, to 
drowse' (cf. E drowse also connected with 
*ireusanan). Notě that *draumaz is formally 
close to Gk 9paí>na, 6paí>o|ia 'debris, 
wounď based on Gpaúto 'to break' < IE 
*dhreus-. Schroder GRM XVI 164 
(from *drau3maz, to *drau3az)\ Schulze 
Kl. Schr. 862; Torp-Falk 213 (separate 
OS and OE); Holthausen AEEW 76; 
Porzig Gliederung 180; Pokorný I 275; 
Vries AJ\E1\ t 82; Zalizniak I 130; Frisk 
I 680-681; Onions 289; Ghantraine I 
439; Bammesberger Mom. 70; Kluge- 
Seebold 833-834. 

*ďraumjanan wk.vb.: ON dreyma 'to 
dream', Du dromen id., OHG troumen id. 
Derived from *draumaz. Vries AjYE1\' 
83. 

*draupjanan wk.vb.: ON dreypa 'to drop, 
to dip', OE dreópan id., MLG dropen id., 
OHG troufen id. Causative of *dreupanan. 
Torp-Falk 214; Holthausen AEE]V 77; 
Vries ANEW 83; Seebold 169. 

*drausjanan ~ *drauzjanan wk.vb.: 
Goťh ga-drausjan 'to cast down, to over- 
throw', ON dreyra 'to bleed, to ooze', 
OHG troren 'to rain'. Causative of *dreu- 
sanan. Torp-Falk 214; Feist 5; Vries 
ANEW 83; Seebold 171; Lehmann GED 
95. 

*drauzaz ~ *drauzjón sb.m.: ON dreyri 
'gore, blooď, OE dreór 'blooď, OS drór 
id., OHG trar id. Derived from *dreu- 
sanan. Torp-Falk 215; Holthausen 
AEEW 77; Vries ANEW 83; Onions 289; 
Seebold 171; Lehmann GED 95. 

*drenkanan str.vb.: Goth drigkan 'to 
drink', ON drekka id., OE drincan id., 
OFris drinka id., OS drinkan id., OHG trin- 
can id. Of unknown origin. It is plausible 



that *drenkanan is a back formation based 
on *drankjanan, the latter originally mean- 
ing 'to milk' and related to Slav *dregati 
'to pull'. Wood M/JV XVIII 15-16 (to 
*dra3Jo); Zupitza Gutt. 161 (to Skt dhrájati 
'to glide, to move'); Torp-Falk 211-212 
(to Lith nérti 'to dive'); Cahen Etudes 23— 
25 (from pre-Gmc); Zupitza Gutt. 161 (to 
Skt dhrájati 'to glide, to move'); Schulze 
K~ XXVII 606 (to Skt adv. hap. leg. 
drahyát- 'firmly'); Feist 125; Holthausen 
AEEJV 77; Keuge 791-792; Jóhannesson 
IEW 529-530; Pokorný I 273 (to *dhreg- 
'to pull'); Vries ANEW 82; Onions 290; 
Seebold 165—166; Lehmann GED 94-95 
(to Lith dregti 'to become damp'); Kluge- 
Seebold 836. 

*drenkón sb.f: ON drekka 'drink, bever- 
age', OE drince id. Derived from *dren- 
kanan. Holthausen AEEJi' 77; Vries 
AA r £n / 82; Seebold 164. 

*drepan sb.n.: ON dřep 'blow', OE se-drep 
'stroke'. Derived from *irepanan. Torp- 
Falk 212; Holthausen AEEW 77; 
Seebold 166; Bammesberger Nom. 59. 

*drepanan str.vb.: ON drepa 'to strike', 
OE part. drepen id., OS ofar-drepan 
'to outdo, to surpass', OHG treffan 'to 
strike'. Related to Slav *drebiti 'to crush'. 
Torp-Falk 212; Holthausen AEE]V 77; 
Jóhannesson IEW 530; Pokorný I 272- 
273; Vries ANEW 83 (to Godr ga-draban 
'to chip, to hew ouť); Seebold 166-167; 
Trubachev ESSJa V 106; Bammesberger 
Nom. 59, 62; Rluge-Seebold 834. 

*dreu3anan str.vb.: Goth driugan 'to wage 
war, to lead a military life', OE dreópan 
'to do, to work, to perform, to bear'. Cf. 
also ON drýgja 'to commiť < *ireu$janan. 
Historically identical with WGmc *dreu- 
3anan > OE be-dró^ 'seduceď, OFris bi- 
driaga 'to seduce', OS bi-driogan id., OHG 
triogan 'to deceive' (Ambrosini ASNSP 
XXVII 229). Probably related to Lith 
draúgas 'fellow traveller', OPr drúktai 
'harď, Slav *drugb 'friend, other, seconď 
(Lané Language LX 247; Stang LS 19-20). 
KuhnáT^I 181 (connected with *drausaz)\ 
Persson I Vurzelerw. 25, 60 [*ireu3anan 'to 



dreu3anan 



76 



dntanan 



seduce' to Latfraus 'deceit, frauď); Torp- 
Falk 213-214; Zupitza Gutt. 102, 177; 
Feist 125-126; Holthausen AEE]V 77; 
Porzig Gliederung 1 96; Jóhannesson IE]\ t 
516-517; Pokorný I 255; Fraenkel 102; 
Zalizniak I 150; Onions 289; Benve- 
niste IEL 89; Seebold 167-168; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa V 131-132; Lehmann 
GED 95 (to IE *dher- 'to hold'); Kluge- 
Seebold 839. 

*dreu3az adj.: ON drjúgr 'rich, solid, sub- 
stantial', OE dréoj 'studious, earnesť, 
NFris driech 'extensive'. See *dreu^anan. 
Torp-Falk 213-214; Zupitza Gutt. 129; 
Holthausen AEEW 1&-11; Karsten NB 
I 40; Pokorný I 254-255; Vries ANEW 
84; Heidermanns 159-160. 

*dreupanan str.vb.: ON drjúpa 'to drip', 
OE dreópan id., OFris driapa 'to drip, to 
trickle', OS driopan id., OHG triofan 'to 
drip'. A secondary formation parallel to 
*ireusanan. Torp-Falk 214; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 77; Jóhannesson IEW 527- 
529; Pokorný I 274-275; Vries ANEW 
84 (to Olr drucht 'dew'); Seebold 169 
170; Kluge-Seebold 836. 

*dreusanan str.vb.: Goth driusan 'to fall', 
OE dreósan 'to rush, to fall, to perish', OS 
driosan 'to fall'. Etymologically identical 
with Gk Oporům 'to break, to grinď 
(Johansson KZ XXX 422), cf. also Slav 
*drusati 'to shake, to throw up, to swing' 
with *-s- < *-k-. Torp-Falk 214-215; 
Feist 126; Holthausen AEEW 77; van 
Wtndekens KZ LXXIII 26-27 (to Gk 
8póaoi; 'dew'); Jóhannesson IE]V 527— 
529; Pokorný I 274; Frisk I 680-681; 
Onions 289-290; Seebold 170-171; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa V 133; Lehmann GED 95. 

*drěko sb.f: ON drak 'streak'. Related to 
Skt dhrájati 'to glide, to move, to fly', 
dhraj- 'tractive force'. Zupitza Gutt. 161; 
Mayrhofer II 115; Pokorný I 273; 
Vries ANEW 80; Dybo BSA 128 (with a 
lengui of an originál root noun). 

*drěnó ~ *čtrěnaz sb.f./m.: OE drán 
'drone', OS drán id. Cf. also OHG třen id. 
with short vocalism. Identical with Gk 
áv-6pr|vr| 'wild bee', Gpfjvo^ 'dirge'. 



Torp-Falk 211; Holthausen AEE]V 76; 
Pokorný I 255; Dybo VSJa 25-26 (pre- 
tonic shortening in OHG); Frisk I 681— 
682; Onions 290; Kluge-Seebold 195. 

*driban sb.n.: ON drif 'driven snow', OE 
je-dríf 'driving, movemenť, OHG tha.no.- 
trib 'divorce'. Derived from *dňianan. 
Torp-Falk 212; Holthausen AEE]V 77; 
Vries ANEW 83; Seebold 163; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 56. 

*drib5n sb.m.: ON hring-drifi 'prince', 
OHG uz-tribo 'exorcisť. Derived from 
*dňbanan. Seebold 163. 

*driftiz sb.f: ON drift, dript 'snow-drifť, 
ME drift 'current, flow', OFris ur-drift 
'driving ouť, MLG drift id., OHG ana- 
trift 'influence'. Derived from *dňbanan. 
Vries ANE]V 83; Seebold 163; Lehmann 
GED 94; Kluge-Seebold 836. 

*dribanan str.vb.: Goth dreiban 'to drive', 
ON drífa id., OE drifan id., OFris driva id., 
OS dňban id., OHG trlban id. Related to 
Lith drimbu, dribh 'to fall down in flakes', 
cf. ON drífr směr 'snow drifts' ~ Lith 
sniegas drimba 'the snow is falling thickly' 
(Grienberger Got. 59-60). Merlnger 
IF XVIII 235-236 (folio ws Grienber- 
ger); Persson Beitrdge 75, 309; Uhlen- 
beck FBB XXVII 117-118; Torp-Falk 
212; Feist 124-125; Holthausen AEE1 V 
77; Jóhannesson IEW 526-527; Pokorný 
I 274; Fraenkel 104; Vries ANEW 83; 
Onions 290-291; Seebold 162-163; 
Lehmann GED 94; Levickij IF GIII 
224 (to *drobjanan); Kluge-Seebold 834. 

*drífon sb.f: ON drífa 'fall of snow, sleeť, 
MLG drive 'gutter', MHG tribe 'diarrhea'. 
Cf. also OE drif 'fever'. Derived from 
*dňbanan. Holthausen AEE1 V 1 7 . 

*drítanan str.vb.: ON dríta 'cacare', ME 
dňten id., OFris part. be-drit id., MDu 
dňten id., OHG gloss drizo 'megio'. Sim- 
ilar to but phonetically not agreeing with 
Lith tríedžiu, tríesti 'to háve diarrhea' < 
*treidh-. Torp-Falk 212; Holthausen 
AEEW 78; Jóhannesson IEW 518-519; 
Pokorný I 256; Fraenkel 1122; Vries 
ANEW 84; Onions 271; Stang LS 20 (to 
Slav *dristati 'cacare'); Seebold 164-165. 



drob(j)az 



77 



druzan 



*drob(j)az adj.: OE dróf 'draffy, draggy, 
dirty', OS drobí 'můrky, cloudy', OHG 
truobi id. Related to *iraian and eventu- 
ally to Gk xpétpto 'to become fať (Kluge 
742). Torp-Falk 203; Feist 126-127 
Holthausen AEEW 78; Pokorný I 252 
Frisk II 925-927; Lehmann GED 96 
Matzel KZCV 121; Heidermanns 160- 
161; Fvluge-Seebold 839. 

*drobjanan wk.vb.: Goth drobjan 'to stir 
up, to excite', OE dréfan 'to disturb, to 
agitate', OS drobian 'to become saď, 
OHG truoben 'to entangle'. Derived from 
*drdb(j)az. Zupitza Gutt. 31; Torp-Falk 
203; Holthausen AEEW 78; Feist 
126-127; Lehmann GED 96; Heider- 
manns 160. 

*druxtiz sb.f.: Goth drauhti-witop 'cam- 
paign', ON drótt 'people, bodyguarď, OE 
dryht 'people, multitude, army', OFris 
dracht, drecht 'people', OS druht-folk 'suitě', 
OHG truht 'crowď. Derived from *dreu- 
Sanan. Kuhn K£ I 181; Grienberger 
Got. 80; Zupitza Gutt. 1 78; Torp-Falk 
214; Lané Language LX 247; Holthausen 
AEE]V 79; Feist 124; Porzig Gliederung 
196; Pokorný I 255; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 66; Vries ANEW 84-85; Zaliz- 
niak I 150; Seebold 167; Benveniste IEL 
89, 93; Lehmann GED 94; Bammesberger 
Nom. 140; Kluge-Seebold 839. 

*druxtinaz sb.m.: ON dróttinn 'lord, mas- 
ter', OE dryhten 'ruler, lord, prince', 
OFris drohten id., OS drohtin id., OHG 
truhtin id. Cf. Goth drauhtinon 'to cam- 
paign, to serve in the army' < *Íruxtlno- 
janan. Derived from *druxtiz. Kuhn KJ? 
I 181; Torp-Falk 214; Holthausen 
AEE]V 79; Feist 124; Porzig Gliederung 
196; Vries ANEW 85; Seebold 167; 
Benveniste IEL 89; Lehmann GED 94; 
Bammesberger Nom. 83. 

*drunjanan wk.vb.: Norw drynja 'to rum- 
ble', LG dronen id. Derived from *drunjuz. 
Torp-Falk 211; Onions 290 (to *dreno ~ 
*irenaz); Lehmann GED 96. 

*drunjuz sb.m.: Goth drunjus 'sound, call', 
Norw dryn id. A verbal abstract 
(Brugmann Grundúfi 11/ 1 224-225) based 



on an unattested verb, cf. Skt dhránati 
'to sound'. Torp-Falk 211; Feist 127; 
Mayrhofer II 115-116 (onomatopoeia 
in Skt); Mayrhofer II 115-116; 
Pokorný I 255-256 (to Tokh A tráňk-, B 
treňk- 'to speak'); Vries AMEW 85-86; 
Lehmann GED 96. 

*drunkanaz ~ *drunkenaz adj.: ON 
drukkinn 'drunken', OE druncen id., MLG 
drunken id., OHG win-truncan id. Derived 
from *drenkanan. Torp-Falk 212; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 78; Vries ANEW 85; 
Lehmann GED 95; Fvluge-Seebold 839. 

*drunkanín sb.f: Goth drugkanei 'drunk- 
enness', OHG truncaní id. Derived from 
*trunkanaz ~ *drunkenaz. Feist 127; 
Lehmann GED 94-95. 

*drunkanójanan wk.vb.: ON drukna 'to 
be drowneď, OE druncnian 'to sink, to 
drown, to be drunk', OHG trunkanen, 
trunkanon 'to sink, to drown'. Derived 
from *irunkanaz ~ *irunkenaz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 78; Vries ANEW 85; 
Onions 291. 

*drunkiz sb.m.: ON drykkr 'drink, bever- 
age', OE drync id., MLG drunk id., OHG 
trunc id. Derived from *drenkanan. Torp- 
Falk 212; Holthausen AEE]V 79; Vrles 
ANEW 85; Bahder Verbalabstr. 15-17; 
Seebold 1 65; Lehmann GED 4, 95; Lůhr 
Expr. 243, 255; Bammesberger Nom. 53, 
131. 

*drupón sb.m.: ON dropi 'drop', OE dropa 
id., ME droppe id., OS dropo id., OHG 
tropfo id. Derived from *dreupanan. 
Torp-Falk 214; Holthausen AEE]V 78; 
Pokorný I 275; Vries ANEW 84; Zaliz- 
niak I 153; Onions 291; Seebold 169; 
Ktuge-Seebold 838. 

*drusojanan wk.vb.: Swed dial. drusa 'to 
fall down hard', MLG drusen 'to fall wiťh 
noise'. Derived from *dreusanan. Vries 
ANEW 85. 

*druzan ~ *ďruziz sb.n./m.: Goth drus 
'fall', ON dror 'phlegm, rheum', OE dryre 
'fall, dechne'. Derived from *ireusanan 
(Lidén MASO I 109). Holthausen 
AEEW 79; Feist 127; Vries ANEW 86; 
Seebold 171. 



drudaz 



78 



dul3az 



*čtrúčtaz sb.m.: OHG trut 'friend, 
beloveď. A substantivized adjective iden- 
tical widi Olr drúth 'salacious, lecherous' 
< *dhru-to-. Marstrander MTS I 245 
(to Lat Frutis, epithet of Venus); Torp- 
Falk 214 (to Skt dhruvá- 'firm, fixeď); 
Pokorný 1215; Meid KZ LXXLX 291; 
Heidermanns 161-162. 

*čtrúpójanan wk.vb.: ON drúpa 'to 
droop', OE drupian 'to drop'. Derived 
from *dreupanan. Holthausen AEE]\ 7 
78; Vries ANEW 85; Seebold 170. 

*Ůuďr5n sb.m.: Swed dodra 'marsh 
marigolď, ME doder 'dodder, devil's guts, 
Caltha palustris', Du dodder id., OHG 
totoro 'cuscuta, epithymus'. Identical with 
Skt dudhra- 'violenť further related to Skt 
dódhat- 'violent, shocking', Gk Hom 
Qvaaavóeic, 'tasseled, fringeď (based on 
*9u8ia). Torp-Falk 208; Pokorný I 
264-265; Frisk I 697. 

*duftaz sb.m.: ON dupt, duji 'powder', 
MHG tuft 'fog, dew'. Related to *dauiaz. 
Torp-Falk 209; Pokorný I 264; Vries 
ANE] V 87 (to *steuíanan ~ stiitanan); Leh- 
mann GED 328. 

*du3unbiz sb.f.: ON dygd 'virtue', OE 
duguú 'manhood, multitude, majesty, 
glory', OFris dugethe 'virtue', MLG doget, 
dogent id., OHG tugund id. Derived from 
*dau3a. Holthausen AEEH' 79; Vries 
ANEW 89; Kluge-Seebold 840 (to ON 
dyggr 'faithful'). 

*duxtěr sb.f.: Goth dauhtar 'daughter', ON 
dóttir id., OE doktor id., OFris dochter id., 
OS dohtar id., OHG tohter id. Related to 
Toch A ckacar, B tkácer id., Skt duhitár- id., 
Av dugsdar- id., Gk Guyáxrip id., Arm dustr 
id., Ose futír id., Lidi dukte id., Slav *dbkti 
id. Delbrůck KZ XLX (1870) 240-247; 
Bartholomae 748; Torp-Falk 207; 
Holthausen AEE1 V 74; Feist 116; Mayr- 
hofer II 56; Pokorný I 277; Deroy II 
Facht. IGAS 160-162 (to *dau 3 a); Vries 
ANEW 79; Zalizniak I 157; Fraenkel 
110; Frisk I 690; Szemerényi Kinship 
22 (to *duxtiz ~ *duxto), Hermes CV 
387; Onions 245; Trubachev ESSJa V 
178-179; Peeters IF1XXXW 206-207; 



Hamp IF LXXXVIII 94-95; Lehmann 
GED 88; Keuge-Seebold 826; Adams TB 
312. 

*duxtiz ~ *čtuxtó sb.f: Goth dauhts 
'feasť, MHG duht 'doughtiness'. Derived 
from *dau3a (Diefenbach V\V II 616). 
Grimm DG II 208; Grienberger Got, 79; 
Holthausen AnZDA XXIV 33 (to Gk 
TEt>xo) 'to make, to builď); Feist 116; 
Lehmann GED 88. 

*dukkón sb.f: ODan -dokke 'dock, coarse 
weedy herb' (in compounds), OE docce 
id., OS dokka 'doll', OHG tocka id. 
Probably connected with Latv duga 'shrne 
on the surface of water'. Holthausen 
AEEW 74; Onions 280; Lůhr Expr. 
226-227; Kluge-Seebold 187. 

*dul3an sb.n.: ON dolg 'enmity', OE í/o/j 
'wound, scar', OFris dolg id., MLG dolk 
id., OHG tolg id. Based on WGmc 
*Sel3amm > OFris delga 'to wounď, MHG 
telken 'to beať related to Gk 0é^.yto 'to 
enchant, to transform using a charm' 
(Ehrismann PBB XX 60; Havers KZ 
XLIII 231, IF XXVIII 190-192). The 
originál meaning of *iiílsan must háve 
been 'mark (of blood)' while the Greek 
verb denoted the act of making such 
a mark. For the semantic development 
cf. Fr blesser 'to wound' < WGmc 
*bl5dsjanan (OE blédsian 'to bless, to con- 
seerate') based on *tlodan. Saussure 
MSL VIII 443 (Gk 6é?iyto to Lidi ívelgiú 
'to look, to peer'); Torp-Falk 210; 
Holthausen AEE]\ t 74; Dauzat DELF 
93; Walde-Pokorny I 866 (to Lat 
falx 'siekle, reaping-hook, scythe') 
Pokorný I 247; Vries ANEW 78-79 
Zalizniak I 139; Frisk I 658-659 
Onions 100; Chantraine I 427; Seebold 
153. 

*dul3az sb.m.: Goth dulgs 'debť. Related 
to Olr diiged 'duty, law', dligim 'to earn', 
Slav *ďblgb (Kuhn KZ I 205; Berneker I 
244). Grimm R'Z I 82; Lottner KZ XI 
174 (Gmc < Slav); Zupitza Gutt. 178; 
Torp-Falk 210; Feist 128-129; Chemo- 
danov SGGJei I 96; Scardigli Goten 54 
(from Celtic); Lehmann GED 97. 



diiljiiz 



79 



čturz 



*dulbiz sb.f.: Goth dulps 'festival', OHG 
tuld id. Derivative in *-ti- related to OE 
deall 'proud, exulting, eminenť, MHG 
ge-telle beautiful, nice' and furťher to 
Mír dell-rad 'shine'. Dietrich ^J)ADL 
V 224-225 (to ON dvala 'to delay'); 
Delbrůck ^jdPh I 9 (to Skt dhfti- 'firm- 
ness, resolution'); Grienberger Got. 60 
(derived from *dwelanan); Torp-Falk 204; 
Senn JEGP XXXII 513, 528; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 70; Feist 129; Trier 
Holz 55 (follows Delbrůck'; Pokorný I 
246; Zalizniak I 150; Mayrhofer II 
111-112 (against Delbrůck); Lehmann 
GED 97; Kluge-Seebold 198 (from 
*iwelanari). 

*dumbaz adj.: Goth dumbs 'dumb', ON 
dumbr id., OE dumb id., OFris dumb id., 
OS dumb 'stupid, simple', OHG tumb id. 
An expressive form related to *iaubaz 
(Holthausen CřE]V 24. Torp Festschr. 
Unger 179 (to ON dumba 'misť); Torp- 
Falk 201; Lewy KZ XL 420 (to Slav 
*dqb'b 'oak'); Feist 129; Holthausen 
AEEW 80; Karsten VB I 15; Pokorný I 
264; Vries AMEW 87; Onions 293; 
Lehmann GED 97-98 (to IE *dheubh- 
'darkened'); Lůhr Expr. 101-103; Hei- 
dermanns 166; Kluge-Seebold 199. 

*dun3az ~ *čtun3Ó sb.m./f: OE dun3 
'dung', OFris dung id., OS dung id., OHG 
tunga 'manuring, fertilizer'. Cf. also ON 
'heap' < *dun^jdn. Related to Lith 
deňgti 'to cover', Olr dinged 'to sup- 
press'. Zupitza Gutt. 99; Torp-Falk 
208; Holthausen AEE]V 80; Lendouist 
MB XV 97-132 (to *deti3wanan); Po- 
korný I 249; Fraenkel 88-89; Vries 
AMEW 90; Onions 294; Kluge-Seebold 
199. 

*dun3J6n sb.f: ON dyngja 'dungeon, lady's 
bower', OE dýmy 'plowed land, fallow 
lanď. Derived from *dim^az ~ *iun^d. 
Holthausen AEEW 82; Vries AMEW 
90. 

*duniz sb.m.: ON dynr 'din', OE dyne 'din, 
noise'. Related to Skt dhvánati 'to sounď, 
Gk 0ijvco 'to rush, to dart along'. Torp- 
Falk 208; Holthausen AEEW 81; Mayr- 



hofer II 118; Pokorný I 277; Vries 
AMEW9Q; Frisk I 697-698; Onions 269. 

*dunjanan wk.vb.: ON dynja 'to gush, to 
shower', OE dynian 'to make a noise, to 
resounď, OS dunian 'to roar, to rumble'. 
Connected with *duniz. Torp-Falk 208; 
Holthausen AEEW 82; Vries AMEW 90; 
Onions 269. 

*du(n)stan ~ *čtu(n)staz sb.n./m.: ON 
dusí 'dusť, OE dust id., OFris dust 'heap', 
MLG dust 'dusť, dunst 'smoke, haze', 
OHG dunst 'wind, storm'. Related to 
Latv dvans 'smoke, haze'. Any connection 
widr *duniz? Torp-Falk 216-217; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 80; Pokorný I 266; Vrles 
A/VEn r 88; Onions 295. 

*duntiz sb.m.: ON dyttr, dyntr 'dinť, OE 
dynt 'stroke, blow'. Derived from *denta- 
nan. Holthausen AEE]ť 82; Vries 
ANEW 90-91; Seebold 154; Bammes- 

BERGER Jíom. 131. 

*duran ~ *duró sb.n./f: Goth daur 
'dooř, gate', OE dór 'large dooř', důru 
'dooř', OFris duře id., OS dor 'gate', důru 
'dooř', OHG tor 'gate'. A morphological 
variant of *durz. Meringer IF XVI 1 25 
(on mase. *duron > Goth auga-dauro 'win- 
dow'); Torp-Falk 210; Holthausen 
AEEW 75. 80; Feist 117-118; Pokorný 
I 278-279; Zalizniak II 206; Onions 
284; Lehmann GED 89; Fvluge-Seebold 
828. 

*dura-stuďó sb.f: ON dura-stod 'door- 
posť, OE dúru-stod. Compound of *durz 
and * studii. Carr Mom. comp. 52. 

*dura-wardaz sb.m.: Goth daura-wards 
'door-keeper', OE dúru-weard id., OHG 
tor-warto id. (n-stem). Compound of *durz 
and *wardaz. Feist 117; Carr Mom. 
comp. 69 (parallel formations); Lehmann 
GED 89. 

*durstiz sb.f: OE dyrst 'tribulatíon', OHG 
ki-turst 'boldness'. Derived from *iarsa. 
Identical wiťh Skt dhrslí- id. derived from 
dhrsnóti 'to be audacious'. Torp-Falk 
203; Pokorný I 259. 

*durz sb.f: ON pl. dyn 'dooř', ODu dori 
id. (z-stem), OHG turi id. (í-stem with 
traces of a root stem). Related to Toch B 



cturz 



80 



clusaz 



twere id., Skt nom. pl. dvar- id., Av acc. sg. 
dvarstn id., Arm pl. dur-k' id., Gk Supa 
'dooř', Alb dere id., Lat Joris, Jbrěs id., W 
dor 'dooř', Lith diitys id., Slav *dvbm 
id. Brugmann Grundrift 11/ 1 133; Bar- 
tholomae 766; Torp-Falk 210; Walde- 
Hofmann I 529-530; Feist 117-118; 
Mayrhofer II 83-84; Pokorný I 
278-279; Fraenkel 112-113; Vries 
AM.W 91; Zalizniak II 206; Frisk 
I 695-696; Onions 284; Trubachev 
ESSJa V 171-172; Lehmann GED 89; 
Bammesberger Nom. 197; Griepentrog 
I Vurzelnomina 117-152; Fvluge-Seebold 
841; Orel AED 60; Adams TB 323- 
324. 

*durzuz adj.: MHG ttirre, dúrre 'valianť. 
Derived from *darsa. Structurally identi- 
cal with Skt dhrsú- 'bold, courageous', Gk 
Opacrúc; 'brave, valianť and probably Slav 
*dbrz~b-kb 'daring' (with unclear *-£-). 
Mayrhofer II 112-113; Pokorný I 259; 
Frisk I 654-655; Seebold 147; Matzel 
Festschr. Schrockr 98, 109, 113, KZ CV 
104; Georgiev LuE 199 (on Slav *dbrz~b- 
ktí); Heidermanns 167—168. 

*duskaz adj.: OE dox, dosc 'dark, swarthy'. 
Identical with Yjnífuscus 'dark, blackish' < 
*dhusko- (ZuprrzA KZ XXXVII 388). Cf. 
*dusnaz. Torp-Falk 216; Schwentner 
PBB XLLX 428-429; Holthausen 
AEEW 75; Walde-Hofmann I 572-573; 
Pokorný I 270; Onions 295; Heider- 
manns 168. 

*dusnaz adj.: OE dosen 'chestnut brown', 
OS iosan 'maroon, ash-coloreď, OHG 
tusin 'ash-coloreď. Identical with Mír 
donn 'dark brown', MW dwnn 'dark red' 
< *dhusno — *dhuosno-. Cf. *duskaz. For- 
ster Festschr. Líebermann 137; Schwentner 
FB 61-62, PBB XLLX 423-427; Torp- 
Falk 216; Holthausen AEE]\ 7 80; 
Pokorný I 270-271; Vries ANEW 87; 
Lockwood K'Z LXXIX 294-300; 
Heidermanns 168-169. 

*dut(t)janan wk.vb.: ON dytta 'to med- 
dle', OE dyttan 'to close, to shut up'. 
Derived from *duttaz. Holthausen 
AEEW 82; Vries ANEW 91. 



*duttaz sb.m.: Norw dott 'tuft, wisp', OE 
dott 'dot, small spoť, LG dott 'tuft, bunch'. 
Derived from *dheu- 'to blow': Skt dhunoti 
'to shake, to move', Gk 8t)co 'to offer by 
burning', Lat suf-fio 'to fumigate, to per- 
fume, to scenť. Torp-Falk 208 (to Gk 
Oúaavoc; 'tassel, fringe'); Holthausen 
AEEW 75; Pokorný I 262-263; Vries 
ANEW 91; Onions 285. 

*dúbanan str.vb.: ON dúja 'to dive' (wk.), 
OE dúfan 'to sink', MLG be-duven 'to be 
covereď. Eventually related to *deupaz. 
ZuprrzA Gutt. 37; Torp-Falk 209; Holt- 
hausen AEEJ\ T 79; Jóhannesson IEW 
508-509; Pokorný I 267-268; Vries 
AME]V 86; Lerghner 61; Seebold 
155-156. 

*dúbjanan wk.vb.: ON dýfa 'to dip', OE 
dýfan id. Derived from *iuianan. Hol- 
thausen AE£7r 81; Vries ANE]V 89; 
Onions 278; Seebold 156; Lehmann 
GED 92. 

*dúbon sb.f: Goth hraiwa-dubo 'turde- 
dove', ON dúja 'dove', OE dúfe-doppa 'pel- 
ican', OFris dúve 'dove', OS duba id., 
OHG tuba id. Originally, a dark-colored 
bird (cf. Gk jtéA.Eia 'wild dove' ~ neXióq 
'dark, black and blue, livid')? If so, con- 
nected widi Olr dub 'black', OW dub id. 
and Gk TVfXóq 'dark, blind' (Petersson 
Aufs. 53—54), cf. for example Slav *golqbb 
'dove' ~ *golqb'b 'blue'. Suolahti DVN 
206-212; Torp-Falk 209; Holthausen 
AEEW 79; Feist 269-270; Pokorný I 
264; Vries AjYEU r 86; Zalizniak I 155; 
Frisk II 949-950; Ebbinghaus GL XVI 
9—13 (onomatopoeia); Lehmann GED 
190-191; Kxuge-Seebold 817. 

*dúnaz ~ *dúnó sb.m./f: OE dun 
'mountain, hill, down', OFris dúne 'hill, 
duně', MDu duun id., OHG duna 'cape, 
duně'. Borrowed from Gaul *dúnom, cf. 
Celtic pláce names in -dúnum. Torp- 
Falk 207 (from *dheu- 'to blow'); Holt- 
hausen ^££71' 80; Pokorný I 263; 
Onions 286; Kluge-Seebold 199 (to 
Gk 6l<; 'heap, shore, sand', Skt dhísniya- 



generous , 



*dúsaz adj.: ON sbst. dús 'lull, dead calm' 



clusaz 



ctwulaz 



(< *dúsan), OFris dus 'still'. Identical with 
Slav *dyxb 'breath', for further connec- 
tions see *deuzan. Jóhannesson IEW 508; 
Vries AMEW 88 (to Gk Gúco 'to offer, to 
sacrifice'); Trubachev ESSJa V 200. 

*dúsójanan wk.vb.: ON dúsa 'to doze', 
MLG dosen, dusen 'to slumber, to re- 
sounď. Derived from *dúsaz. Torp 
MMEO 79; Holthausen PBB XLI 476; 
Mohr ZDADL LXXVI 179 (adduces 
MLG dúschen 'to rush'); Vries AMEW 88. 

*ďwalaz adj.: Goth dwals 'foolish, stupiď, 
MLG dwal 'insane'. Compared with Gk 
Oo^óeo 'to make turbid, to confounď 
(Pott KZ XXVI 189), Olr dali 'blind, 
dark'. The connection with *dwelanan 
seems indispu table. Torp-Falk 215 
Karsten MB II 241, 297; Feist 130 
Pokorný I 265-266 (Olr dali < *dhulno-) 
Vries AMEW 88 (to Gk QÓXoq 'dirť) 
Seebold 172-173; Lehmann GED 98 
Bammesberger Mom. 238; Heidermanns 
169; Keuge-Seebold 827. 

*<twalib6 ~ *dwalij)an sb.f./n.: Goth 
dwalipa 'foliy, foolishness', OE dwild 
'error, heresy'. Derived from *dwalaz. 
Feist 130; Heidermanns 169. 

*ďwaljanan wk.vb.: ON dnelja 'to delay', 
OE dwellan 'to lead into error, to 
deceive', OFris dwelia 'to be mistaken', 
OS bi-dwellian 'to hinder', MDu dwellen 
'to stun, to perplex', OHG twellen 'to 
stop, to halť. Derived from *iwelanan. 
Torp-Falk 215; Holthausen AEEW 81; 
Vries AMEW 88-89 (to *iwalaz)\ Onions 
296; Seebold 172. 

*dwalmaz ~ *tlwalm5n sb.m.: OE 
dwolema 'darkness, chaos', NFris dwelm 
'stupidity', OS dwalm 'fascination', OHG 
twalm 'confusion'. Derived from *dwalaz. 
Torp-Falk 216; Holthausen AEEW 81; 
Lehmann GED 98. 

*tlwalmjanan ~ *čtulmjanan wk.vb.: 
ON dylma 'to be careless', OE for-dwilman 
'to confuse, to perplex'. Derived from 
*iwalmaz ~ *Íwalmon. Torp-Falk 216; 
Holthausen AEE1 V 8 1 ; Vries AME1 V 89. 

*ďwal5janan wk.vb.: ON dvala 'to delay', 
OE dwalian 'to err', OFris dwalia id., 



OHG ga-twalon 'to delay, to postpone'. 
Derived from *dwaló(n). Holthausen 
^££11^80; Seebold 172. 

*dwal5(n) sb.f./m.: ON dvql 'short stay, 
stop', dvala 'hesitation', OE dwala 'error, 
doubť, MDu dwale id., OHG twal 'pro- 
crastination', twála id. Derived from 
*dwalaz. Holthausen AEE]\ r 80; Vrtes 
AMEW 88-89; Lehmann GED 98. 

*ďwelanan str.vb.: Icel dulinn 'swell- 
headeď, OE part. se-dwolen 'erroneous, 
wrong, perverse', OS far-dwolon 'missed, 
losť, OHG twelan 'to remain, to be slow, 
to lag'. Probably related to Lat fallo 'to 
deceive', Lith dúlti 'to roť and deriva- 
tionally identical with Lith dvélti 'pedere'. 
Torp-Falk 2 1 5-2 1 6; Holthausen AEE] I ' 
80; Walde-Hofmann I 447-448 (Lat fallo 
< *ghu r lnb); Jóhannesson IEW 503-506; 
Pokorný I 261-267; Fraenkel 109; 
Seebold 172. 

*ďwer3az sb.m.: ON dvergr 'dwarf', OE 
dweoi'3 id., MLG dwerch id., OHG twerg id. 
(neut.). Of unknown etymology. Bar- 
tholomae IF XII 131 (to Av dwa- 
'dwarfish, benť); ZuprrzA Gutt. 99; Torp- 
Falk 215; Holthausen PBB XI 548, 
AEEW 81; Krogmann R'Z LXII 143 (to 
Latv drugt 'to subside, to fall'); Pokorný I 
278; Vries AMEW 89 (to *pweraz); 
Zalizniak I 130; Onions 296 (to Gk 
aépipoq 'midge'); Kluge-Seebold 919. 

*dwinanan str.vb.: ON dvína 'to dwindle' 
(wk.), OE dwínan 'to pine, to fade, to 
dwindle', MDu dwinen 'to fade'. Based on 
*dewanan. Persson SVSU X 744; Torp- 
Falk 217; Holthausen AEE]\ t 81; 
Jóhannesson IEW 502-503; Pokorný I 
260-261; Vries AME1\' 89 (to *iawjanan); 
Lerchner 70-71; Seebold 171 (to Olr 
díth 'loss'). 

*dwulaz adj.: ON sbst. dul 'self-conceit, 
pride' (< *dwulo), OE dol 'foolish, erring', 
OFris dol id., OS dol id., OHG tol id. 
Related to *dwalaz. Torp-Falk 215; 
Holthausen AEE1V 74; Wissmann MP 
104; Pokorný I 266; Vries AME]V 87; 
Onions 293; Heidermanns 170; Kluge- 
Seebold 827. 



*eb5(i) ptcl., conj.: Goth ibai, iba 'whether, 
possibly', ON e/W, OS efid., OHG ibu 
id. A sequence of two Indo-European 
particles *e (like in Gk e-kei 'beside') and 
*bhe ~ *bho: Av ba 'indeeď, Lidi ba id. 
(Brugmann Dem. 115-117, Grundrifi II/2 
323-324). See Ha. Grienberger Got. 
125 (from IE *epi 'after, upon'); Bartho- 
lomae 912; Uhlenbeck TNTL XXV 281 
(samé as Brugmann); Kluge Urgerm. (a 
čase form in *-bh-)\ Feist 286—287; 
Pokorný I 113, 280-281; Fraenkel 28- 
29; Vries ANEW 94; Frisk I 475-476; 
Lehmann GED 202; Keuge-Seebold 595. 

*ebna-líkaz adj.: Godi ibna-leiks 'of equal 
substance, of similar form', OSwed jďm- 
liker 'homogeneous', OE ejk-líc 'equal', 
OHG eban-llh id. Compound of *etnaz 
and *likaz. Feist 287; Lehmann GED 
142, 202; Heidermanns 171. 

*ebnaz adj.: Gouh ibns 'flat, even', ON 
jqfn, jamn 'even, equal, samé', OE efen 
'even, equal', OFrís adv. even 'samé', OS 
efni 'fiat, even', OHG eban, ebano 'equal, 
samé'. Identical with MBret effen 'like', W 
iawn 'jusť < *epno- (Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 
92). Johansson PBB XV 229-230 (to 
Lat aemulus 'imitating', imago 'image'); 
Sommer IF XXXI 361-362 (from *ep- 
nó-, to IE *epi); Brugmann IF XXXVII 
161 (samé as Johansson); Torp-Falk 28; 
Feist 287-288; Holthausen AEEW 88; 
Thurneysen apud Feist 287 (to Mír 
emain 'twins'); Karsten NB II 211; 
Pokorný I 505; Vries ANEW 289; 



Mezger KZ LXXLX 45 (from 



i-bh- 



'here'); Onions 331; Lehmann GED 202; 
Bammesberger Nom. 246; Heidermanns 
171-172; Kluge-Seebold 203. 
*ebnojanan wk.vb.: ON jafna 'to make 
equal, to compare', OFris evenia 'to 
smooth (the ground)', OHG ebanon 'to 
make equal, to make the samé'. Derived 
from *ebnaz. Vries ANEW 289; Leh- 
mann GED 202; Heidermanns 171. 



*eburaz sb.m.: ON jqjurr 'wild boar, king, 
warrior', OE eqfor 'boar', MLG ever id., 
OHG ebur id. Close to Lat aper id., Umbr 
acc. sg. abrunu id. (with a secondary a- in 
Itálie), Thrac EfSpoq' xprayoi;, Páxt|i;- Kal 
itoxanóc; 0páKT|5, Hes. (Fórsterman KZ I 
497). Cf. also Slav *vepn>, Latv vepris 'cas- 
trated boar' with an unexpected initial 
*u- (Pedersen KZ XXXVIII 311). 
Torp-Falk 25; Holthausen AEEW 92; 
Walde-Hofmann I 56, II 754-755; 
Detschew Thr. 163; Pokorný I 323; 
Chemodanov SSGJa I 57; Vries ANEW 
294; Zalizniak I 130; Vasmer- 
Trubachev I 292. 

*edaraz sb.m.: ONjadarr 'edge', OE eodor 
'hedge, fence', OS edor, eder 'woven 
fence', OHG etar 'fence'. Probably related 
to Slav *oďrb 'wooden platform, beď 
(Uhlenbeck PBB XXVI 295) or to Slav 
*ědro 'net, cloth' (Trubachev Etim. 31— 
32). Torp-Falk 24, 559 (to Arm ezer 
'border, edge'); Meringer IF XVIII 256- 
258; Holthausen AEEW 91; Pokorný I 
290; Chemodanov SGGJa I 81; Vries 
ANEW 289; Golab Origins 145; Kluge- 
Seebold 236. 

*edi ~ *e\>i adv.: Goth ip 'but, however, 
if, ON pl. id-gjqld 'recompense', OE ed- 
cerr 'return', OS ed- id., OHG it-lonon 'to 
remunerate'. Gontinues IE *etv. Skt áti 
'beyond, very', Av aiti id., Gk eti 'further- 
more, still', OPhiyg eti 'and, also', Lat et 
'and', Gaul eti 'also', OPrus et-, at- 
(Jacobsohn KZ XLLX 194). Bartho- 
lomae 54; Torp-Falk 24; Holthausen 
AEEW 88; Walde-Hofmann I 421-422; 
Feist 297; Mayrhofer I 27; Pokorný I 
344-345; Vries ANEW 283; Lehmann 
GED 208; Orel Pbygian 429. 

*e3alaz sb.m.: Dan igle 'kind of worm, 
leech', Norw igle id., MLG egel, ile 'leech' 
(fem.), OHG egala id. (fem.). Related to 
Gk e^ívoc; id., Gk í%\c, 'snake', Arm iž id., 
Lith ezys 'hedgehog', Slav *ežp id. Fick 



e3alaz 



83 



endai 



BB XXIX 237; Torp-Falk 23; Traut- 
mann BS1V 73; Pokorný I 44; Fraenkel 
330; Frisk I 602; Vasmer-Trubachev 
II 10. 

*exwa-raidó ~ *exwa-rai<lan sb.f./n.: 
ON jó-reid 'horsemen(?)', OE eó-red 'cav- 
alry, legion', OLG eo-rid id. Compound 
of *exwaz and *raido. Structurally close to 
Olr fem. coll. echrad 'horses'. Carr Nom. 
comp. 46—47. 

*exwaz sb.m.: Goth aitva-tundi 'thornbush, 
bramble', ONjór 'stallion', OE eoh 'war- 
horse', OS ehu-skalk 'groom, ostler'. From 
IE *ekuos 'horše': Toch A yuk, B yakwe, 
Skt áéva-, Gk íjtjtoq, Lat equus, Olr ech 
(Forsterman K% I 493). Kock ANF 
XXXII 189; Torp-Falk 23; Holthausen 
AEEW92; Walde-Hofmann I 412-413; 
Feist 21; Mayrhofer I 62; Pokorný I 
301; Vries ANEW 293; Zalizniak I 138; 
Frisk I 733-735; Lehmann GED 15; 
Bammesberger Nom. 69; Adams TB 482. 

*ejja str.vb.: Goth pret. iddja 'wenť, OE 
pret. eóde id. Suppletive preterite of 
*3an3tman identical with Skt áyat and fur- 
ther continuing IE *ei- 'to go': Hitt pa-izi, 
Toch ABj>-, Skt éti, Av aati, Gk ei|ii, Lat 
eo, Olr pass. pret. etha, Lith eimi, eíti, Slav 
*iti. Bartholomae 147-154; Torp- 
Faek 27; Kluge Beitráge 124-127 (from 
an augmented aorist); Holthausen IF 
XIV 342 (to Lat vadere 'to go'); Collitz 
Brát. 142-148 (from perfect middle); 
Meillet MSL XXIII 257 (from an 
unaugmented imperfecť); Feist 288-289; 
Holthausen AEE]V 91; Cowgill 
Language XXXVI 483-501; Walde- 
Hofmann I 406-409; Mayrhofer I 128; 
Pokorný I 293-297; Fraenkel 119; 
Frisk I 462-463; Trubaghev ESSJa VIII 
247-248; Seebold 174-176; Lindeman 
Verschárfung 17.2; Burlak IFTJa 252. 

*eka pron.: Godr ik 'I', ON ek id., OE ic 
id., OFris ik id., OS ic id., OHG ih id. 
Continues IE *ego id.: Gk éycó, Arm es, 
Lat ego, OLith eš. Other Indo-European 
forms differ from *ego in phonetic and 
derivational details (Skt ahím, Av azsm, 
Slav *azb). Cf. also emphatic OHG ihha. 



Acc. sg. *meke (Goth mik, ON mek, mik, 
OE mec, mic, OS mik, OHG mih) contin- 
ues IE *(e)me ge, cf. Gk £|jéye id. Dat. sg. 
*mez: Goth mis, ON mér, OE mé, OFris 
mi, OS mí, OHG mir. Gen. sg. *mlna: 
Goth meina, ON min, OE min, OFris min, 
OS min, OHG min. Bartholomae 225- 
227; Torp-Falk 23, 300; Holthausen 
AEEW 185; Walde-Hofmann I 395-396; 
Feist 291-292; Porzig Gliedrung 128; 
Mayrhofer I 68; Pokorný I 418, 702; 
Fraenkel 18; Vries ANEW 98-99, 384, 
386-387; Frisk I 441; Schmidt Fron. 
21-48, 54-55; Trubachev ESSJa I 
100-103; Lehmann GED 204-205, 254; 
Kluge-Seebold 392; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*eli(J)) ~ eljó sb.m./f: ON il 'footsole', 
OE ile 'footsole, hard skin', OFris ili 
id., MLG ele, elde, elt id. Derived from IE 
*el-: Gk (rare) éXáw 'to drive', é^.aúvco 
id. Torp-Falk 28 (to Lat pl. ilia 'flanks, 
entrails'); Persson UUÁ 1891 78 (to OHG 
lim 'to hurry'); Holthausen AEE]V 187; 
Pokorný I 306-307; Vries ANEW 284; 
Frisk I 482-483; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*elmaz ~ *almaz sb.m.: ON almr 'elm- 
tree', OE elm id., OHG elm id. ON 
reflects an old o-grade. Related to Lat 
ulmus id. (< *lmos), Mír lem id. (< Hemos) 
and Slav *jblbmb id. < *(u)lmos with some 
irregularities in vocalism (Pedersen K£ 
XXXVIII 313-314). Uhlenbegk AfslPh 
XV 487 (Slav < Gmc); Torp-Falk 26; 
Holthausen AEE]V 90; Walde- 
Hofmann II 811-812; Pokorný I 303; 
Chemodanov SSGJa I 57; Vries ANEW 
7; Zalizniak I 129; Onions 307; Vasmer- 
Trubachev II 126-127; Trubachev 
ESSJa VIII 222-223. 

*enaz pron.: ON def. art. (h)inn, OHG ener 
id. Related to Lith anás 'that one', Slav 
*on~b < *ono-. Cf. also Skt instr. anéna 
'drrough dris', Gk Ěvt] 'third day' < 
*'yonder day'. Mayrhofer I 32; 
Pokorný I 320; Fraenkel 10; Vries 
ANEW 286; Frisk 1514; Lehmann GED 
210; Kluge-Seebold 410. 

*endai adv.: Goth inna 'within, inside', 
ON inni 'indoors', OE inne 'in, within, 



endai 



84 



erknaz 



inside', OFris inna 'inside', OS inna id., 
OHG inna- id. Locative of *enie (Feist 
293). Brugmann IF XXXIII 304 (from 
*eni-no); Holthausen AEE]\ 7 188; Feist 
293; Vries ANEW 287; Lehmann GED 
206; Keuge-Seebold 401. 

*enáaně adv.: Gouh innana 'from wiuhin, 
widiin, inside', ON innan 'from within', 
OE innan id., OFris inna id., OS innan id., 
OHG innan, innana 'inside'. Derived from 
*en£t. Holthausen AEEW 188; Feist 
294; Vries ANEW 286; Kluge-Seebold 
401. 

*enda-wardaz adj., adv.: ON innan-verdr 
'inwarď, OE innan-weard, in-weard id., 
MDu inne-wert, in-wert id., OHG in-wart 
'inside'. Compound of *enie and *wardaz. 
Onions 484. 

*end(ě) adv.: Goth inn 'in', ON inn id., OE 
inn 'in, within', OFris in 'in', OS in id., 
OHG in id. (wiuh secondary lengthening). 
Derived from *eni. Close to Gk ev8ov 
'within' (Collitz MLN XXXVII 215 
218), Hitt anda(n) 'in', Alb nde. Cf. also 
comp. *endizon > ON innri, ibri 'inmosť, 
OE innera, innerra 'inner, inwarď, OFris 
inra, innere 'inside, interior', OHG innan, 
inner id. Torp-Falk 25 (extension of *eni 
by means of a particle *ni)\ Holthausen 
AEEW 188; Feist 293; Pokorný I 311— 
314, 774; Frisk 1511-512; Vries ANEW 
286-287; Onions 466, 476; Tischler 
HEG I 33-34; Lehmann GED 206; Orel 
AED 284. 

*eni prep.: Goth in 'in', ON i id., OE in 
'in, within', OFris in id., OS in id., OHG 
in id. Identical with Gk áv, éví id., Lat in 
id., Olr in- id., OPrus en id., Lith j id., 
Slav *ubn id. Torp-Falk 25; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 188; Walde-Hofmann I 
687-688; Feist 292; Pokorný I 31 1-312; 
Fraenkel 181; Vries ANEW2S2; Frisk I 
508-509; Onions 466; Lehmann GED 
205; Kluge-Seebold 397. 

*enk5n sb.m.: ON ekki 'convulsive sob- 
bing', OE inca 'doubt, question, cause of 
complainť. Related to Lith éngti 'to stran- 
gle, to squeeze, to tormenť, Slav *gga ~ 
\za 'witch, illness, wradi' (Pogodfn RFV 



XXXIII 328; Lidén Studím 70-71) 
Torp-Falk 28; Trautmann BSW 70 
Holthausen IF XVII 295, AEEW 188 
Pokorný I 13; Fraenkel 10, 1163-1164: 
Vries ANEW 99; Stang LS 25; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa VI 68-69; Dybo BSA 201. 

*enkwaraz pron.: Goth igqar 'your (duál)', 
ON ykkar id., OE incer id., OS inca id. 
Derived from *enkwara (see *jutwo ~ 
*jitwó). Holthausen AEE]V 188; Feist 
291; Lehmann GED 204. 

*enkwaz sb.m.: ON ekkr 'glans, glandula'. 
Related to Gk á8r|v 'gland' < *ng"ěn, Lat 
inguen 'groin, abdomen' (Bugge BB III 
115). Saussure MSL VI 53; Torp-Falk 
25; Walde-Hofmann I 701; Pokorný I 
319; Frisk I 20. 

*enstran sb.n.: ON ístr 'fat of the paunch', 
MLG inster, inser 'intestines of a slaugh- 
tered animal'. Close to Latv istri 'kidneys', 
OPrus instran 'fať < *nstro- (Forstemann 
KZ XLX 355). Further to Gk évtóq 
'within, inside', Lat intus id. < *entos. 
See *enpran. Torp-Falk 25; Endzelin 
KZ Lil 121; Walde-Hofmann I 713; 
Trautmann BSW 69-70; Pokorný I 182, 
314; Vries ANEW 287; Fraenkel 188; 
Frisk I 525; Stang LS 25; Toporov PJa 
III 54-55. 

*enbran sb.n.: ON pl. idr, innr 'bowels, 
entrails'. Identical with IE *entro- > Skt 
neut. antrá- 'intestine', Gk ěvTEpoc id., 
Arm pl. mder-K id., Slav *etro 'liver, intes- 
tines'. Torp-Falk 25; Pokorný I 313; 
Mayrhofer I 36; Vries ANEW 283; 
Frisk I 524-525; Trubachev ESSJa VI 
72-73. 

*erkna-stainaz sb.m.: ON jarkna-steinn 
'gem', OE eorcnan-stán 'precious stone, 
pearl'. Compound of *erknaz and *stainaz. 
Holthausen AEE]V 92; Pokorný I 65. 

*erknaz adj.: Gouh un-airkns 'impure', 
OHG ercan 'holý, sublime'. Related 
to Toch A ydrk, B yarke 'adoration, 
reverence' but to be separated from the 
family of Skt árcati 'to shine, to adore'. 
Osthoff Morph. Unt. VI 33 (to Gk ócpyóq 
'white, quick'); Torp-Falk 26; Feist 25; 
Holthausen AEEW 92; Pokorný I 65 



erknaz 



85 



erjia-kundaz 



("Kreuzung" of *arg- 'white' und *erk"- 
'to light, to shine'); Meid IF LXLX 245; 
Lacy JIES VII 287-296 (from IE *er-gnos 
'having a good birth'); Lehmann GED 1 8; 
Lůhr Expr. 339; Bammesberger jYom. 
246; Heidermanns 174-175. 

*erlaz sb.m.: ON jarl 'earl, leader, noble- 
man', OE eorl 'nobleman of high rank', 
OS ni id., OHG erl- id. (in cmpn.). 
Related to *eron. Probably can be direcdy 
compared with Thrac prn. 'OtaSpoc;, 
Oroles (Tomaschek Thr. 11/ 2 29; Kret- 
schmer Einleitung 214, 221) unless the lat- 
ter is to Slav *orbtb 'eagle'. Torp-Falk 
25; Holthausen AEE1V 92; Detschew 
Thr. 341; Pokorný I 326 (to *arón), 328; 
Vries AMEW 290; Zalizniak I 130; 
Onions 297; Lehmann GED 40. 

*ermena-3rundiz ~ *ermuna-3run- 
dan sb.f./n.: ON jqrmun-grund 'Earth', 
OE eormen-grund id. Based on *ermenaz ~ 
*ermunaz and *yunduz ~ *^runpuz. 
Carr Nora. comp. 58. 

*ermenaz ~ *ermunaz adj.: Goth prop. 
Ermeni-ricus, ON jqrmun-gandr 'great mon- 
ster, Jqrmunr (name of Odin), OE eormen- 
cyn 'mankind, human race', OS irmin-man 
'man', OHG irmin-súl 'tall column'. Of 
uncertain origin. Probably related to Gk 
opirevoq 'high', Slav *orměrrt> 'strong, 
large'. Bruckner KZ XLV 107-108 (to 
Gk iipvuju 'to urge, to incite'); Torp- 
Falk 18; Feist 132; Holthausen AEEI I' 
92; Walde-Pokorny I 183-184 (to Lat 
armentum 'cattle for plowing, herd'); 
Pokorný I 58; Beeler Festschr. h'olff 
9-21 (to *eron); Vries AMEW 295 (to Skt 
aryaman- 'companion, host, god of hospi- 
tality'); Vasmer-Trubachev III 441; 
Hilmarsson TIES III 65-75 (to Toch A 
yárm, B yarm 'size, measure'); Lehmann 
GED 100; Heldermanns 175-175. 

*erón sb.f: ON jara 'fight, battle'. 
Connected with Skt máti 'to arise, to 
move, to reach, to attack', Av srmaoiti 'to 
move', Gk iípvuiii 'to urge, to incite', Lat 
orior 'to rise, to get up'. Cf especially Skt 
sam-ará- 'fight, battle'. Bartholomae 
183-184; Walde-Hofmann II 222-223; 



Mayrhofer I 122; Pokorný I 332; Frisk 
II 422-424. 

*erpaz adj.: Burg *erps 'brown', ON jctrpr 
id., OE eorp 'dark, dusky, brown', OS 
prop. Erp-hund, OHG erpf 'dark brown'. 
Unclear. Hardly to Gk ópepvó^ 'dark 
brown' (~ Arm arjn id. < *org"hen-). 
Osthoff Etym. I 78-79 (< *ereb(h)-, cf. 
lAŮijérbé 'hazel-grouse'); Torp-Falk 332; 
Holthausen AEE1V 93; Karsten MB 
II 220; Pokorný I 334; Vries ANEW 
291; Frisk II 431-432; Kobler 709; 
Hetdermanns 176-177. 

*er|5a-bazjan sb.n.: Swed jord-bter 'straw- 
berry', OE fem. eoro-beri^e id., MDu erd- 
bere id., OHG erd-beri id. Compound of 
*erpó~ and *bazjan. Froehde BB XVII 
310 (to Lat arbutus 'wild strawberry-tree'); 
Carr Mom. comp. 47. 

*erjía-bur3z sb.f: ON jarS-borg 'earth 
strongholď, OE eord-burh 'eardi mounď, 
OHG erd-burg 'eardi strongholď. Com- 
pound of *erp>o and *bur^z. Carr Mom. 
comp. 47. 

*erna-fallaz sb.m.: ON jari-jall 'earth- 
slip', OFris erth-fall 'fall to the ground', 
MLG erd-jal id., OHG erd-fal 'earth-slip'. 
Compound of *erp>o and *fallaz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 75 (parallel formations). 

*er|5a-fastaz adj.: ON jard-fastr 'fixed in 
the earth', OE eorS-frest id., OFris erth-fest 
id., MLG erd-fast id., early G erdfest id. 
Compound of *erpó and *fastaz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 60. 

*erpa-xnutz sb.f: Swed jord-not 'earth- 
nuť, OE eoró-hnutu id., MDu erd-note id., 
OHG erd-nuz id. Compound of *erpo and 
*xnutz. Carr Mom. comp. 47. 

*erpa-xúsan sb.n.: ON jard-hús 'cave, 
underground home', OE eord-hús 'earth- 
house, den', OS erth-hus 'cave, under- 
ground home', OHG erd-hús id. 
Compound of *erpo and *xusan. Carr 
Mom. comp. 47. 

*erna-kunďaz adj.: Goth airpa-kunds 'of 
earthly birth', OE eoro-cund 'earthly, ter- 
restrial'. Compound of *erpó and *kundaz. 
Carr Mom. comp. 88 (calque of Lat terri- 
genus). 



ert>a-we3az 



86 



et>l)au 



*erba-we3az sb.m.: ON jard-vegr 'earth', 
OE eord-wej 'earth, earth-way'. Com- 
pound of *erpó and *we^az. Carr Nom. 
comp. 54. 

*erpó sb.f.: Goth airpa 'earth', ON jqrd id. 
(partly < *erpiz), OE eorSe id. (< *erpbnj, 
eord id., OFris erthe id., OS ertha id., 
OHG erda id. Related to or derived from 
*erwbn (Bremer ~DADL XXXI 205-206). 
Torp-Faek 26, 560; Holthausen AEE1\' 
93; Feist 25-26; Pokorný I 332; Vries 
ANEW 295; Zalizniak II 195; Onions 
298; Lehmann GED 18; Bammesberger 
Nom. 116; Kluge-Seebold 228-229. 

*erwón sb.m.: ON jqtfi 'graveF, OHG ero 
'earth'. Close to Toch B yare 'graveF, W 
erw 'fielď, Corn erw id., OBret eru 'fur- 
row', Gk epa id. and probably to Phryg 
dat. sg. eipoi 'earth, earthly (?)' (Orel 
Phrygian 71). Schwyzer I 424; Torp- 
Falk 26; Pokorný I 332; Vries ANEW 
295; Frisk I 546-547; Chantraine 363; 
Lehmann GED 18. 

*erzibó sb.f.: Goth airzipa 'deception, 
delusion', OHG irrida 'heresy'. Derived 
from *erzjaz. Feist 27; Heidermanns 
177. 

*erzjanan wk.vb.: Goth airzjan 'to mis- 
lead, to delude', OS irrian 'to dissolve', 
OHG irren 'to entangle'. Derived from 
*erzjaz. Feist 27; Lehmann GED 19; 
Heidermanns 177. 

*erzjaz adj.: Goth airzeis 'deluded, erring, 
misleď, OE eorre 'angry, enraged, fierce', 
OFris Ire 'furious', OS irri id., OHG irú 
'stray'. Related to Lat erro 'to go astray', 
Arm eřam 'to be restíess' < *ersáio (Kret- 
schmer KZ XXXI 1 84). Torp-Falk 26; 
Walde-Hofmann I 416-417; Feist 27; 
Holthausen AEE]V 186-187; Pokorný I 
336-337; Lehmann GED 19-20; Heider- 
manns 177-178; Kluge-Seebold 406. 

*esti athem.: Goth ist 'is', ON es id., OE is 
id., OFris is, ist id., OS is, ist id., OHG 
ist id. Continues IE *es-ti id.: Hitt ěšzi, Skt 
ásti, Av asti, Gk ácrtí, Lat est, Olr is, Liťh 
ěsti, Slav *estb, Alb eshte. See *wesanan I. 
Bartholomae 266—279; Torp-Falk 27; 
Feist 292; Holthausen AEEW 92; 



Walde-Hofmann II 628-629; Kluge 
700-701; Lané Language XXX 113; 
Jóhannesson IE]V 78-79; Mayrhofer I 
67; Pokorný I 340-342; Fraenkel 124; 
Vries ANEW 101, 105; Frisk I 463-464; 
Seebold 176-178; Trubachev ESSJa VI 
32; Lehmann GED 205; Puhvel II 
285-291; Orel AED 156. 

*etanan str.vb.: Goth itan 'to eať, ON eta 
id., OE etan id., OFris eta id., OS etan id., 
OHG ezzan id. Related to Hitt e-id-mi 
id., Skt átti id., Gk fe'8co id., Arm utem id., 
Lat edd id., Olr ith id., Liťh ani id., Slav 
*édmb id. (Balto-Slavic lengthening due 
to Winter's law) Torp-Falk 24, 232; 
Brugmann Grundrifi II/3 96; Trautmann 
BSW 66; Feist 163, 296-297; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 94, 1 1 6; Walde-Hofmann 
I 392-393; Jóhannesson IEW 53-54: 
Mayrhofer I 28; Pokorný I 287-289 
Fraenkel 124-125; Vries ANEW 106 
Frisk I 444-445; Onions 298, 376 
Chantraine 312-313; Seebold 179-180 
Trubachev ESSJa VI 53-54; Lehmann 
GED 208; Puhvel II 315-320; Kluge- 
Seebold 235, 285. 

*etulaz adj.: ON etall 'consuming', OE etol 
'voracious, gluttonous', OHG Jilu-ezzal 
'greedy'. Derived from *etanan. 
Holthausen AEE]V 94; Seebold 
179-180; Heidermanns 178-179. 

*etunaz sb.m.: ON jqtunn 'gianť, OE eóten 
id. The meanings of *etulaz make a ten- 
tative connection witír *etanan probable. 
Schůtte IF XV 266 (to the ethnonym 
Etiones); Torp-Falk 24; Holthausen 
AEEW 93; Vries ANEW 295-296; 
Bammesberger Nom. 82. 

*ebbau conj.: Goth aippau 'else, or', ON 
eda id., OE edda, oddá id., OS ettho id., 
OHG edo id. An unclear compound, pro- 
bably continuing *ef pau (Grlenberger 
Got. 1 7) or *ex pau (Cercignani JIES XII 
315-344). Sghmidt Studím 85-95 (re- 
constructs *eft-pau)\ Johansson BB XIII 
120-122; Holthausen AEEW 94; Feist 
29; Pokorný I 344; Vries ANEW 93 
{*ep- to Lat et); Lehmann GED 21; 
Kluge-Seebold 597. 



eučtaran 



87 



tn(e)u 



*eudaran sb.n.: ON júgr 'udder', OFris 
jader id., OS geder id. A secondary ablaut 
variant of *údaran. Torp-Falk 29; 



Noreen SVSU V/3 39-43; Pokorný I 
347; Vries ^VETT 294; Zalizniak II 184; 
Onions 954; Kluge-Seebold 237-238. 



*ědmaz ~ *ěbmaz sb.m.: OE éím 
'vapor, breath, smell', OFris ethma 
'breath' (n-stem), OS ádum id., OHG dtum 
'spirit, life breath'. Continues IE 
*ět-mo- close to *ět-men- reflected in Skt 
dtmán- 'breath, soul, šelf. Torp-Falk 
24; Holthausen AEEW 13; Mayrhofer 
I 73; Pokorný I 39, 345; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 106; Zalizniak I 130; Schtn- 
dler Sprache XIII 202; Lloyd-Springer I 
391-393; Bammesberger Nom. 71-72; 
Kluge-Seebold 59; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*ěáraz adj.: ON adv. ádr 'ere, already, 
soon', OE adv. ďdre 'quickly, prompdy, at 
once', OS adv. adro 'early', OHG atar 
'swift, eager'. Related to Lith otrus 'lively', 
Latv dtrs 'swifť. Torp-Falk 559-560; 
Holthausen AEEW 9; Schneider K£ 
LXVI 249-251 (to Toch A atar 'hero'); 
Pokorný I 345; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
77; Fraenkel 518-519; Vries ANEW 
2; Lloyd-Springer I 379-381; Heider- 

MANNS 173. 

*ědró ~ *ěbr5 sb.f.: OE édre, ádr 'artery, 
vein, sinew', MLG ddere, áder 'sinew', 
OHG adra 'blood vessel, sinew'. Related 
to Gk Hom f|TOp 'hearť, Olr inathar 
'intestines' < *en-dtro- (Fick I 366). 
Cf. also ON fem. téír 'vein' < *ědiz. 
Schmidt Plur. 198; Torp-Falk 24-25, 
560; Holthausen AEE]V 9; Pokorný I 
344; Vries ANEW 680; Zalizniak I 221; 
Frisk I 645; Lloyd-Springer I 54-57; 
Kluge-Seebold 15. 

*Č3wjaz ~ *ě3wjó sb.m./f.: ON égir 
'sea, oceán', OE «5 'water, island', «je 
'island'. Long grade derivative of *axwo. 
Pokorný I 23; Vries ANEW 681; 
Szemerényi VJa 1967/4 19 (to Slav 



*ezero 'lake', OPrus assaran id. < *eghero-) . 

*ělaz I sb.m.: ON áll 'colored stripe along 
the horse's back'. Identical with Arm il 
'spindle' < *ělo-. Ltdén SHVS Uppsala 
VI 82 (to Skt dra- 'cavity'); Pokorný I 
308-310 (to Skt ali- 'row, line' but the 
latter is from *adi-)\ Vries ANEW 6; 
Zalizniak I 130. 

*ělaz II sb.m.: ON áll 'eel', OE él id., 
OFris ěl id., OS Si id., OHG al id. Histo- 
rically identical with *ělaz I (Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXXV 162). Schroder %DADL 
XLII 63 (from *edlo- 'eater'); Loewen- 
thal II 'uS X 144 (to Skt Slam 'discharge 
from a venomous animal'); Torp-Falk 
26; Holthausen AEE]V 10; Pokorný 
I 309-310; Vries ANEW 6; Zalizniak I 
130; Onions 302; Lloyd-Springer I 
133-135; Kluge-Seebold 1 (to *alino). 

*ělaz III sb.m.: ON alf 'awl' (< *alaz), OE 
d id., OS al id., OHG ala id. (< *elo). 
Identical with Skt ara id. Torp-Falk 
26; Holthausen AEEW 10; Mayrhofer 
I 78; Pokorný I 16; Vries ANEW 7; 
Dybo VSJa 26; Onions 66; Zalizniak II 
191; Lloyd-Springer I 135-136; Kluge- 
Seebold 20. 

*ěmaz ~ *5maz adj.: ON ámr 'black, 
loathsome (?)', OE sbst. óm 'rusť, G dial. 
sbst. ahm, ohm 'blast (in corn), erysipelas'. 
Of unknown origin. Wood Language 
VIII 213 (to Lat areo 'to be dry'); Holt- 
hausen AEKÍI" 241; Vries ANEW 8. 

*ěn(e)u prep.: Goťh inu 'widrouť, ON án 
id., OFris dne id., OS ano id., OHG dnu 
id. Related to Skt ánu- 'after, along', Av 
anu 'along', Gk avet) 'without, away from'. 
Brugmann Grundrijj II/2 837 (to Osset 
dna 'without'); Bartholomae 127; Torp- 



tn(e)u 



fa3anaz 



Falk 25; Wackernagel Festschr. Daniels- 
son 383—384 (to Skt dnu 'after, along'); 
Feist 295; Mayrhofer I 34; Pokorný I 
318; Vries ANEW 9; Mayrhofer I 34; 
Frisk I 106; Lehmann GED 207; Hamp 
JIES X 189-190; Lloyd-Springer I 
289-290; Kluge-Seebold 599; Adams 
TB 40 (adds Toch AB aňu 'rest, peace'). 
*ětan sb.n.: ON át 'act of eating', OE 
ét 'fooď (mase, fem.), OFris ět id., OS at 
id., OHG az 'carrion'. Together with 
Lith eda id., Latv pl. edas id., Slav *ěda id. 
continues IE *ědom ~ *ědá. For further 
connections see *etanan. Torp-Falk 24; 
Trautmann BS1 V 66; Holthausen AEE] I " 
13; Pokorný I 288; Fraenkel 125; Vries 
ANEW 17; Zalizniak I 139; Seebold 
180; Lehmann GED 4, 208, 385; Truba- 



chev ESSJa VI 38; Bammesberger Nom. 
62-63. 

*ětiz ~ *ětjaz adj.: ON atr 'edible', OE 
ofer-éte 'gluttonous'. Derived from *etanan. 
Holthausen ^££11" 13; Matzel Festschr. 
Schroder 103, 117, K? CV 112; Hetder- 
manns 178. 

*ětjón sb.m.: Goth af-etja 'glutton', OE self- 
éta 'cannibal'. Structurally similar to Skt 
ddyá- 'edible', Lith edžia 'fodder, glutton', 
Slav *ědja 'fooď. Derived from *etanan or 
directly from *etan. Holthausen AEE] V 
13; Feist 5; Mayrhofer I 74; Fraenkel 
125; Seebold 180; Lehmann GED 4. 

*ětón sb.m.: Goth uz-eta 'manger, erib', 
MLG or-ete, or-áte 'remainder of animal 
feed, straw'. Derived from *etan. Feist 
538; Lehmann GED 385. 



*faděr sb.m.: Goth voc.fadar 'father' (hap. 
leg.), ON fadir id., OE Jader id., OFris 
feder,fader id., OS fadar id., OHO^afer id. 
Identical with Toch A pacar, B pacer 
id., Skt pitar- id., Gk naxr|p id., Lat pater 
id., Arm hayr id., Olr athir id. Torp-Falk 
227; Holthausen ^££71' 95; Walde- 
Hofmann II 262-264; Feist 1 33; Mayrho- 
fer II 277-278; Pokorný I 829; Vries 
ANEW 109; Frisk II 481-482; Onions 
347; Benveniste IEL 1 69—1 70; Lehmann 
GED 101; Bammesberger jYom. 207-208; 
Kluge-Seebold 853; Adams TB 365. 

*fadiz sb.m.: Goth brup-faps 'bridegroom'. 
Identical widr Toch A pats, B pets 'hus- 
band', Skt páti- 'master, owner, husband', 
Av paiti- 'master, spouse', Gk jtogic; 'hus- 
band', Lat potis 'capable', Lith pats 'mar- 
ried man' (Meillet WuS XII 17-20). 
Bartholomae 821; Schrader II 337- 
340; Torp-Falk 227; Feist 109-110; 
Mayrhofer II 200-201; Pokorný I 
842; Fraenkel 551-552; Frisk II 584; 
Lehmann GED 82-83. 



*faďrÍ3az adj.: ON pl. feíigar 'father and 
son'. Identical with Gk jiatpiKÓc; 'fatherly'. 
Derived from *faier. Pokorný I 829; 
Vries ANEW 1 1 4; Frisk II 48 1 ; Lehmann 
GED 101. 

*fadurwjón sb.m.: OE jtedera 'father's 
brother', OFris federia id., OHG fatureo, 
fetiro id. Identical with Skt pitrvya- 'paternal 
uncle', Av tuiryo id., Lat patruus 'father's 
brother, paternal uncle' < *pDtruio-. See 
*faděr. Bartholomae 657; Holthausen 
AEEW 95; Walde-Hofmann II 263; 
Mayrhofer II 278-279; Pokorný I 829; 
Lehmann GED 101; Kluge-Seebold 863. 

*fa3anaz ~ *fa3enaz adj.: ON jeginn 
'glad, joyful', OE jce^en 'glad, joyful', 
OS fagan, fagin 'glad', OHG gi-jagan 
'contenteď. Participle of *fexanan. Gut- 
macher Btrg. Gesch. XXXLX 69-71; 
Torp-Falk 225; Feist 134; Holthausen 
^££71' 95; Wissmann j\T 14; Pokorný I 
796-797; Vries ANEW 1 15; Onions 342; 
Seebold 189; Lehmann GED 102; Hei- 
dermanns 180-181. 



fa3anojanan 






faixaz 



*fa3anójanan ~ *fa3enójanan wk.vb.: 
Goth faginon 'to feel happy, to rejoice', 
ON fagna 'to be fain, to rejoice', OE 
fie^enian 'to rejoice', OS faganon id., OHG 
feginon id. Derived from *fa^anaz ~ 
*fa3enaz. Zupitza Gutt. 188; Torp-Falk 
225; Holthausen AEEW 95; Feist 134; 
Vries ANEW 109; Onions 348; Seebold 
189; Lehmann GED 102. 

*fa3raz sb.m.: Goth^ř^w 'proper, suitable', 
ON fagr 'fair, brighť, OE fce^er 'fair, 
beautiful', OS fagar id., OrIG/«^«r 'beau- 
tiful, bright, splendiď. Identical with 
Toch A pakdr, B pákri 'manifest, appar- 
enť, Skt pajrá- 'firm, solid', Umbr pacer 
'benť (Brugmann IF LX 349). See *fan- 
xanan, *fexanan. Schweizer K^ I 155; 
Braune PBB XLIII 369; Zupitza Gutt. 
188; Karsten NB II 252; Torp-Falk 
224; Feist 134; Holthausen AEEW 95; 
Wissmann NP 14, 109, 123; Mayrhofer 
II 186; Pokorný I 796-797; Vries 
ANEW 109 (to *fanxanan or *ft>3ojanan)\ 
Mayrhofer II 186; Onions 342; Leh- 
mann GED 101; Bammesberger Nom. 248; 
Heidermanns 181-182. 

*fa3rij5Ó sb.f: ON fegrS 'beauty, fair- 
ness', OS gi-fagiritha 'ornament'. Derived 
from ^fajraz or *fi3rjanan ~ *faxrjanan. 
Heidermanns 182. 

*fa3iin sb.f: ON fegri 'beauty', OHG fagarí 
'splendor'. Derived from *fa3raz. Hei- 
dermanns 181. 

*fa3rjanan ~ *faxrjanan wk.vb.: Goth 
ga-fahrjan 'to put in proper condition, 
to make suitable', ON fegra 'to adorn'. 
Derived from *fa3raz. Feist 180; Vries 
ANEW 115; Heidermanns 182. 

*faxez sb.f: ON far 'sheep'. Close to Gk 
tiÓkoc, 'wool, fleece' (Fick BB I 60) fur- 
ther related to *fexu. Schmidt Plur. 149; 
Torp-Falk 225; Pokorný I 797; Vries 
ANEW 149; Frisk II 492-493. 

*faxsan sb.n.: ON fax 'mane', OE feax 
'hair', OFris fax id., OS fahs id., OHG 
fahs id. Based on an originál j-stem as in 
Gk 7t£KO<; 'fleece'. Derived from *faxez. 
Zupitza Gutt. 189; Torp-Falk 225; 
Holthausen AEEW 100; Pokorný I 



797; Vries ANEW 114; Zalizniak II 
167; Frisk II 492-493; Kluge-Seebold 
254. 

*faxtiz sb.m.: OSwed fat 'wool, fleece', 
OE feht, fieht 'sheepskin with wool', OFris 
fecht 'wool, fleece', Du vacht id. Related 
to *faxsan. Cf. also *fextanan. Torp-Falk 
225; Holthausen AEEW 103; Pokorný I 
797; Vries ANEW 149. 

*faÍ3az adj.: ON feigr 'death-bounď, 
OE fa3e 'fated, doomed', OS flgi 
'death-bounď, OHG feigi id. Related to 
*faixaz II (Bezzenberger BB XXVII 
176; Wiedemann BB XXVIII 36-38). 
Osthoff KZ III (NF) 427-428 (to Skt 
pakvá- 'cooked, baked, ripe'); Schůtt 
ZdWf XI 274-275; Zupitza Gutt. 189; 
Torp-Falk 223 (to Lith paíkas 'stupid'); 
Holthausen AEEW 95, 420; Kluge 
207-208; Karsten NB II 444; Pokorný I 
795; Vries ANEW 115; Onions 353; 
Lehmann GED 68; Huld apud Jones- 
Bley Festschr. Puhvel I 2 1 4-2 1 5 (to *faixaz 
I); Heidermanns 182-183; Kluge- 
Seebold 256. 

*faÍ3Ípó sb.f: ON feigd 'approaching 
death', OE fa3& 'hostility'. Derived from 
*faÍ3az. Cf. faixipo. Holthausen AEE\ V 
95; Vries ANEW 115; Heidermanns 
183. 

*faixaz I adj.: Goth flu-faihs 'multicolored, 
manifold', ON blá-fár 'in blue speckles', 
OEfáh,fá 3 'coloreď, OSfěh id., OHG fěh 
id. Identical widi Skt péšas- 'shape, form, 
color', Av paes- 'to color, to ornament', 
Gk jioikÍA.o<; 'colorful', Toch A peke 'tab- 
let, painting' < *poiko-. Zupitza Gutt. 
132; Bartholomae 817; Torp-Falk 241; 
Feist 153-154; Holthausen AEEW 97; 
Karsten NB I 45-46; Porzig Gliederung 
1 36 (short form of the originál *filu-faixaz 
'with many stains'); Mayrhofer II 342; 
Pokorný I 794-795; Vries ANEW 112; 
Frisk II 572-573; Lehmann GED 116; 
Bammesberger Nom. 237; Heidermanns 
183-184; Kluge-Seebold 255. 

*faixaz II adj.: OE fáh 'guilty, criminal, 
hostile, inimical', OFris fach 'criminal', 
MDu see 'hostile, inimical', OHG gi-fěh 



faixaz 



90 



faldaz 



'hostile'. Identical with Lith pdikas 'stupiď 
(Zupitza KZ XXXVII 401). Any connec- 
tion with *faixaz I? Zupitza Gutt. 189 
(to Jaixaz I); Torp-Falk 240-241; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 97; Wissmann Postu. 79- 
81; Pokorný I 795; Fraenkel 525; 
Lehmann GED 68; Heidermanns 184-185; 
Kluge-Seebold 255; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*faixjanan wk.vb.: ON fá 'to draw, to 
painť, OHG féhen 'to decorate'. Derived 
from *faixaz I. Torp-Falk 241; Vries 
AMEW 108; Lehmann GED 116; Heider- 
manns 183. 

*faiknan sb.n.: ON feikn 'fright, misfor- 
tune', OE fácen 'deceit, frauď, OS Jekán 
'guile, malice', OHG feihhan id. Sub- 
stantivized *faiknaz. Zupitza Gutt. 161; 
Torp-Falk 241; Holthausen AEEW 
94; Pokorný I 795; Vries AMEW 115 
(to "faixaz II); Zalizniak I 139; Heider- 
manns 185. 

*faikna-stabaz sb.m.: ON pl. feikn-stafir 
'baně, eviT, OE fácen-stďj 'deceitful deeď. 
Compound of *faiknan and *stabaz. 
Carr Mom. comp. 54. 

*faiknaz adj.: ON feikn 'perishable', OE 
fécne 'deceitful, fraudulent, wickeď, OS 
fěkni 'guileful, malicious', OHG feihhan 
'insidious'. Related to Lat impers. piget 'to 
annoy' (Curtius Gr. Et. 164). Karsten 
MB II 449; Torp-Falk 241; Holthausen 
AEEW 94-95; Walde-Hofmann II 300- 
301; Feist 89-90; Pokorný I 795; Vries 
AMEW 115; Krause Run. 122; Lůhr 
Expr. 337-338 (to Jaixaz II); Heider- 
manns 184-185. 

*faiman sb.n.: Norw dial.feim 'foam', OE 
fám id., OHG mase. feim id. Related to 
other phonetically diverging words for 
'foam': Skt phéna- 'foam, froth', Sogd 
pym'kh id., Lat spuma id., putnex 'pumice', 
Slav *péna 'foam', Lith spalné id. Weem- 
hold KZ I 247; Persson Beitrdge 690; 
Pedersen IF V 80; Meillet Etudes 445; 
Torp-Falk 224; Trautmann BSW 227- 
228; Holthausen AEEW 98; Walde- 
Hofmann II 388-389; Mayrhofer II 
399; Pokorný I 1001 (reconstructs 
*spoimno-)\ Fraenkel 858; Onions 366; 



Vasmer-Trubachev III 231; Kluge- 
Seebold 256. 

*faimnjo sb.f.: ON fáma 'bashful girl, 
young lass', OE fémne Virgin, maid, 
woman', OYús famne 'young woman', OS 
femea id. Fem. of unattested faimSn 'shep- 
herd, herder' related to Gk jtoi|i,r|v id., 
Lith piemuo id. Cf. in particular Lith 
piemené 'female shepherď. Torp-Falk 
240 (to Av paéman- 'milk'); Fraenkel 585; 
Frisk II 573. 

*faitaz adj.: ON fair 'fať, MLG veet id., 
MHG veiz id. Related to the IE adjective 
reflected in Skt píván- 'swelling, fat, 
strong', Gk nicov id. Torp-Falk 241; 
Holthausen AEEW 97; Karsten MB I 
59; Mayrhofer II 297-298; Pokorný I 
794 (to Gk 7n8íi(o 'to gush forth'); Vries 
AMEW 115-116; Frisk II 532; Onions 
346-347; Heidermanns 186-187; Kluge- 
Seebold 257, 261. 

*faitín sb.f: ON feiti 'fatness', MHG veize 
id. Derived from *faitaz. Heidermanns 
186. 

*faitjanan wk.vb.: ON feita 'to fatten', OE 
part. fát id., OHG feizen id. Derived from 
*faitaz. Holthausen AEE]\ t 97; Vries 
ANEW 116; Onions 346-347; Heider- 
manns 186. 

*falaz adj.: ON fair 'for šale', OHG foli 
'saleable'. Related to Gk nco^-éco 'to seli', 
Lith pelnas 'profit, yielď. Torp-Falk 
237; Kartsen MB I 66; Pokorný I 804; 
Fraenkel 567-568; Vries AMEW 110 
111; Frisk II 633; Matzel KZ CV 110; 
Heidermanns 187; Kluge-Seebold 256. 

*falčta-líkaz adj.: ON marg-faldligr 'mani- 
folď, OHG ein-faltlih 'simple'. Derived 
from faldaz. Heidermanns 188. 

*faldaz adj.: Goth -falps '-folď, ON -fale 
id., OE -feald id., OFris -fald id., OS -fald 
id., OHG -falt, -falto id. Appears only as 
the second element of adjectival com- 
pounds (see *aina-faldaz). Derived from 
*falpanan. Torp-Falk 238; Feist 23; 
Holthausen AEEW 99; Wissmann MP 
33; Onions 366-367; Heidermanns 1 87 — 
188; Kluge-Seebold 247-248; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 



falčtiz 



91 



falwaz 



*falďiz sb.m.: ON feldr 'cloak', OE jyld 
'fold, volume'. May be related to Gk 
7téA.TT| 'small shielď and probably (with 
phonetíc difficulties) to Skt pata- Hvoven 
clo tli, garment, blanket'. In any čase, fur- 
ther related to *falfianan. Mayrhofer II 
190; Vries AMEW 117; Frisk II 501; 
Seebold 184. 

*falďójanan wk.vb.: ON marg-falda 'to 
multiply', OE je-meni^-fealdan id., OHG 
manag-falton id. Derived from *faldaz. 
Vries AMEW 110; Seebold 184; Heider- 

MANNS 188. 

*falxaz sb.m.: ON fair 'socket of a spear's 
head in which the handle is puť, OJLfealh 
'harrow' (fem.). Derived from *felxanan 
(Lidén apud Vries). Zupitza Gutt. 132; 
Holthausen AEEW 99; Vries AMEW 
110. 

*falkon sb.m.: ON fálki 'falcon', MLG 
falke id., OHG falco id. Reflects *pol-g-, a 
variant of *pol-k- in Lith pálšas 'pale', 
Latv palss id. See *falwai (Torp-Falk 
239). Pokorný I 805. 

*fallan ~ *fallaz sb.n./m.: ON/afl 'fall', 
OE fem. (?) feal 'trap, pitfalT, OFris fal 
id., OS fal id., OHG fal 'fall'. Directly 
derived from *fallanan 'to fall' or substan- 
tivized *fallaz. Torp-Falk 239; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 99; Vries AMEW 110; 
Zalizniak II 1 86; Bammesberger Mom. 54. 

*fallanan str.vb.: ON folia 'to fall', OE 
fallan id., OFris falla id., OS fallan id., 
OHG fallan id. Reflects *pol-n- or *pol-. 
Connected with Arm p c laiúm 'to fall', Lith 
púolu, půlti id., Latv pult id., OPrus au-pal- 
lai 'to finď. Wood GR I 309 (to Gk 
jtÍTtxco 'to fall'); Bugge KZ XXXII 28- 
30; Torp-Falk 238-239; Holthausen 
AEEW 99; Jóhannesson IEW 582-583; 
Pokorný I 851; Fraenkel 666; Vries 
AMEW 110; Onions 343; Seebold 181 — 
182; Toporov PJa I 159-160; Kluge- 
Seebold 247; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*fallaz adj.: ON vá-fallr 'making a danger- 
ous fall, tottering', OFris pl. gers-falle 'cut 
off, fallen'. Derived from *fallanan 'to fall'. 
Karsten j\B I 79-80; Heidermanns 



*falliz adj.: ON hug-fellr 'pleasing', OFris 
gars-felle 'falling into the grass, hewn off'. 
Derived from fallanan. FsArsten MB I 
111; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 1 06, K~^ 
CV 127; Heidermanns 189; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*falljanan wk.vb.: ON fella 'to fell, to 
make fall', OF, fllan 'to fell, to cut down', 
OFris fella, falla 'to fell', OS fellian id., 
OHG fellen id. Causative of *fallanan. 
Torp-Falk 238; Holthausen AEEW 
119; Vries AMEW 118; Onions 350; 
Kluge-Seebold 247; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*fal|)anan str.vb.: Goťh falpan 'to fold', 
ON falda 'to cover one's heaď, OE feal- 
dan 'to fold up', MLG volden id. (wk., with 
str. part.), OHG faldan id. Continues 
*pel-t- further connected with Gk á-jt^-óoq 
'simple', Lat sim-plus id. (Brugmann IF 
XXXVIII 128-130). Torp-Falk 238; 
Feist 141-142; Holthausen AEEW 99; 
Walde-Hofmann II 540; Kluge 182- 
183; Jóhannesson IE]\ t 557; Pokorný I 
802-803, 834-835; Vries AMEl\ r 110; 
Frisk I 121-122; Onions 366; Seebold 
183-184; Peeters IF XCIV 295; Leh- 
mann GED 107-108; Fsxuge-Seebold 
248. 

*faludaz sb.m.: Dan fald 'herd of sheep', 
OE falod, feald 'fold, enclosure for ani- 
mals, fold' (neut.), OS faled id., OHG 
fald,falt 'fold'. Derivationally close to Slav 
*pol~btb 'side, layer' < *pol-uti- further 
related to alb pale 'pair, fold', slav *poh> 
'half. Torp-Falk 236; Marstrander 
MTS VII 347-349 (to Mir aile, gen. ailed 
'fence'); Holthausen AEE}[' 97; Onions 
366; Vasmer-Trubaghev III 316; Leh- 
mann GED 107; Orel AED 309. 

*falwaz adj.: burg *falus 'fallow', on fqlr 
'wan, pale', OÍLfealu 'fallow, yellow', OS 
falu 'pale yellow', OHG Jalo 'pale, reddish 
yellow'. Identical wiur Lidr palvas 'wan, 
pale', Slav *polub 'yellow, whitish' (Kuhn 
K^ I 516). Further connected with Gk 
7to^.ió<; 'gray' < *noX\fóq, Arm alik' 'white 
hair' and other continuants of IE 
*pel-. FvArsten MB II 194-195; Persson 
SVSU X 32, BeiMee 808; Schwentner 



falwaz 



92 



fara-aldan 



FB 83-86; Torp-Falk 239; Schwyzer 
ZDADL LXVI 95-96; Trautmann BSW 
213; Holthausen AEE]V 99; Porzig 
Glieckrung 204; Pokorný I 804; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 68; Fraenkel 534; Vries 
ANEW 150; Frisk II 575-576; Onions 
343; Vasmer-Trubachev III 313; 
Bammesberger Nom. 243; Kóbler 710; 
Heidermanns 189-190; Kluge-Seebold 
244-245. 

*falwisk5(n) sb.m./f.: ON fqlski 'ash over 
burning ambers', OHG falawisca 'hot 
ashes'. Derived from falwaz. Torp- 
Falk 239; Vries ANEW 150. 

*fan3an ~ *fanxan sb.n.: Goth ga-fah 
'catching, catch', ON fang 'catching fish', 
OE fan3 'booty' (mase), OHG gifang 
'clouhing'. Related to *fanxanan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 98; Feist 179-180; 
Porzig Gliederung 104, 127; Vries ANEW 
110, 117; Onions 344; Seebold 185; 
Lehmann GED 102; Bammesberger Nom. 
134. 

*fan3Íz I sb.m.: ON fengr 'gain, booty', 
OE feri3 'grasp, spán', OFris basa-fang 
'obscene grip', OS ana-fang 'touch', OHG 
ant-Jang 'reception, acceptance'. Sub- 
stantivized *fan3Íz II. Torp-Falk 224; 
Holthausen AEEW 100; Seebold 185- 
186; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*fan3Íz II adj.: ON brád-fengr 'hot, hasty', 
OE and-fen^e 'acceptable, approved, fiť, 
OFris fensze 'suitable', OHG ant-fengi 
'acceptable, pleasanť. Derived from *fan- 
xanan. Karsten NB I 111-112; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 100; Vries ANEW 118; 
Seebold 186; Matzel Festsckr. Schroder 
106, A"^CV 127; Heidermanns 190. 

*fanxanan str.vb.: Goůifahan 'to catch, to 
capture', ON fá 'to fetch, to catch', OE 
fón 'to grasp, to catch, to seize', OFris fa 
id., OSfáhan id., OHG fahan id. Related 
to Lat pangB 'to fortify', Gk jiT|yvrj|ii 
'to stick, to fix in' (Froehde BB XVI 
189). Furuher connected with fa^raz. 
Zupitza Gutt. 6, 189; Brugmann Grundrift 
11/ 3 291; Torp-Falk 224; Feist 134- 
135; Holthausen AEEW 112; Walde- 
Hofmann II 245-246; JÓHANNESSON IEW 



531-532; Pokorný I 788; Vries ANE1V 
108; Frisk II 525-526; Onions 344; 
Seebold 185-186; Lehmann GED 102- 
103; Kluge-Seebold 249; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 
*fanjan sb.n.: Goth fani 'clay, muď, ON 
fen 'fen, quagmire', OE fen 'fen, marsh, 
mud, dirť (mase. and neut.), OFris fenne 
'wet meadow' (mase, fem.), OS feni,fenni 
'svvamp, fen', OHG fenni id. Etymo- 
logically connected with Thrac pln. 
náviov, Gaul anam 'paludem', Mír en 
'water', an id., enach 'swamp', OPrus 
pannean 'quagmire' (Bopp Glossarium 224; 
Lidén BB XXI 93; Buga Roczn. Slaw. VI 
37). Sohulze Kl. Schr. 716 (to funěn, as 
'fire-coloreď); Kuhn (Ti 7 XII 7; Endzelin 
KZ Lil 116; Torp-Falk 228; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 101; Feist 142; Pokorný 

I 807-808; Vries ANEW 118; Zalizniak 

II 174; Stang LS 40-41; Durtdanov 
Trakite 44; Lehmann GED 108; Kluge- 
Seebold 258. 

*fanón sb.m.: Goth fana 'piece of cloth, 
rag', ON -fani 'flag' (in compounds), OE 
fana 'flag', OFris fana, fona 'flag', OS fano 
'cloth', OHG fano 'flag'. Related to Gk 
rcrjvoc;- íSipoano Hes., 7tr|vr| 'cloth', Lat 
pannus id. (Curtius Gr. Et. 275—276; 
Osten-Sacken IF XXXIII 238). Torp- 
Falk 227; Holthausen AEEW 98; 
Walde-Hofmann II 247-248; Feist 142; 
Specht Festschr. Voretzsch 40 (samé as 
Curtius and Osten-Sacken); Trier Lehm 
27-28 (to *fanjan); Pokorný I 788; Vries 
ANEW 111; Zalizniak I 153; Frisk II 
529-530; Lehmann GED 108; Kluge- 
Seebold 245. 

*fantaz adj.: ON fattr 'bowed backwarď. 
Identical with Lat pandus 'bent, crooked, 
curveď (Bugge A£ XIX 437-438; 
Vaniček 333). Torp-Falk 228 (to 
fenpanan); Holthausen IF XLVIII 255 
(to náv8apoi; in Asia Minor); Walde- 
Hofmann II 245; Pokorný I 788; Vries 
ANEW 114; Heidermanns 190-191. 

*fara-alčtan sb.n.: ON far-ald journey', 
OE fer-eld 'way, going, motion, journey'. 
Compound of *faran and *alian (see 



fara-alcían 



93 



farmaz 



*aliaz). Torp-Falk 229; Holthausen 
AEEW 96; Vries ANEW 112. 

*faran sb.n.: ON far 'travel, ship', OEfer 
'journey, vehicle, ship', OHG far 'haven 
Derived from *faranan. Torp-Falk 229 
Holthausen AEE1V 96; Pokorný I 816 
Vries ANEW 112; Zalizniak I 140: 
Onions 345; Seebold 187. 

*faranan str.vb.: Goth faran 'to pass over, 
to wander, to travel', ON fara 'to travel', 
OFris fara id., OE faran id., OTris fara id., 
OS faran id., OHG faran id. Related to 
Skt píparti 'to bring over, to savé, to sur- 
pass', Av par- 'to bring over', Gk jtepáto 
'to penetrate', Tteípto 'to pierce, to run 
through', Slav *pbrq, *perti 'to move, 
to fly'. Brugmann IF XXXII 173-175 
(*-«- from farjanan); Bartholomae 851; 
Torp-Falk 229; Melllet MSL XEX 135; 
Trautmann BS] V 215-216; Feist 142- 
143; Holthausen AEEW 98; Jóhannes- 
son IEW 548-551; Benveniste BSL LI 
36-41; Mayrhofer II 284; Pokorný I 
816-818; Vries ANEW 112; Frisk II 
491-492; Onions 345; Seebold 186-188; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 240; Lehmann 
GED 108-109; Kluge-Seebold 245. 

*farďiz sb.f.: Burg *fards 'journey, way', 
ON ferb 'travel, journey', OJLfyrd 'army, 
expedition', OFris ferd 'military expedi- 
tion', OS fard 'way', OHG fart id. 
Derived from faranan. Torp-Falk 229; 
Pokorný I 817; Vries ANEW 119; 
Zalizniak I 150; Seebold 187; Lehmann 
GED 136-137, 381; Bammesberger Nom. 
144-145; Kóbler 710; FCluge-Seebold 
245. 

*farďjan sb.n.: ON fiam-ferbí 'proceduře, 
conducť, MLG ^e-verde 'ride, way', OHG 
gi-ferti 'way'. Derived from *fardiz. 
Vries ANEW 118. 

*farxaz sb.m.: OEfearh 'litde pig, farrow', 
OHG neut. farah, farh id. Identical with 
Lat porcus 'pig', Mír orc 'young pig', Lith 
pařšas 'gelded pig', Slav *porsg 'pigleť 
(Kirchhoff K£ I 39). Zupitza Gutt. 
190; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 91; Torp-Falk 
234; Trautmann BS1\' 207; Holthausen 
AEEW 99; Walde-Hofmann II 341; 



Chemodanov SGGJa I 58; Pokorný I 
841; Trubachev ^hiv. 63; Fraenkel 542 
Vries ANEW 113; Trubachev ^hiv. 63 
Onions 345; Vasmer-Trubachev III 332 
Bammesberger Nom. 52; FCluge-Seebold 
259. 

*farxwaz adj.: OHG faro 'coloreď. Rela- 
ted to Skt písni- 'spotted, variegateď, Gk 
7topKvó<; 'dark', Mír erc 'spotted, dark 
reď (Hamp IF LXXVIII 142-143). Cf. 
also *furxno. Torp-Falk 234; Mayrho- 
fer II 336; Pokorný I 820-821; 
Szemerényi Language XLVIII 5-9 (with 
metathesis, to Lat corpus 'body'); Lehmann 
GED 109; Bammesberger Nom. 49-50. 

*farxw5 sb.f: Goth mase. or neut. farma 
'form, appearance', OFris ferwe id., MDu 
verwe id., OHG farawa id. Substantivized 
farxwaz (Meid Wortbild. 75). Torp- 
Falk 234; Szemerényi Language XLVIII 
5-9 (metathesis of *k'erp-: Skt kfp- 'shape, 
beautiful appearance', Lat corpus 'body'); 
Lehmann GED 109 (against Szemerényi); 
ICluge-Seebold 249. 

*farjanan wk.vb.: Goúífarjan 'to travel, to 
go by sea', ON fetja 'to ferry, to trans- 
port', OE ferian 'to carry, to bear, to 
leaď, OFris feria 'to lead, to ferry across', 
OS ferian 'to travel by ship', OHG ferren 
'to sail'. Causative/iterative of *faranan. 
Torp-Falk 229; Holthausen AEE~W 
102; Feist 142-143; Vries ANEW 118; 
Onions 352; Seebold 187; Lehmann 
GED 108; ICluge-Seebold 245, 259. 

*farjón sb.f: ON fetja 'ferry', MLG vere 
id., MHG vere id. Derived from *faranan. 
Torp-Falk 229; Vries ANEW 118; 
Onions 352. 

*farmaz sb.m.: ON farmr 'freight, cargo', 
OE fearm id., OS farm 'stampede', OHG 
farm 'fast ship'. Identical with Slav *pormb 
'ferry' (Fick I 475; Persson Beitrage 
641). Derived from *faranan. Hirt RFV 
XXIII 336 (Slav < Gmc); Torp-Falk 
229; Trautmann _B.SII'216; Holthausen 
AEEW 99; Pokorný I 816-817; Che- 
modanov SGGJa I 80; Vries ANE1T 112; 
Zalizniak I 131; Stang LS 43; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 331-332; Seebold 187. 



farnan 



94 



fastenan 



*farnan sb.n.: OE fearn 'fern', MLG farn 
id., OHG/om id. Related to phonetically 
diverging IE words for 'fern': Gk jitépu; 
id., Alb far id. < PAlb *sper(n)a, Olr 
raith id. (< *prati-), Lith papártis id., 
Slav *paportb id. Further connected with 
and exactiy corresponding formally to Skt 
parná- 'wing', Av panna- id. Bartho- 
lomae 869-870; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 91; 
Torp-Falk 234; Holthausen AEEJV 99; 
Pokorný I 826; Fraenkel 538; Frisk 
II 611; Onions 351; Kluge-Seebold 
249-250; Orel AED 96. 

*faró sb.f.: ON fqr journey', OE faru id., 
OFriesfera id., MHG far id. Derived from 
*faranan. Torp-Falk 229; Holthausen 
AEEW 98; Vries ANEW 151; Onions 
345; Seebold 187; Bammesberger Nom. 
107. 

*faron sb.m.: ON -fari 'sea-farer', OE je- 
fara 'companion', OFris rum-fara 'pilgrim, 
traveler to Róme', OHG -faro 'traveler'. 
Derived from *faranan. Identical with 
Toch B akwam-pere 'sprout and stalk' < 
*-porom. Holthausen AEE\Y 98; Vries 
ANEW '112; Seebold 187; Bammesberger 
Nom. 176; Adams TB 5. 

*farz5n sb.m.: ON farri 'bullock', OFfearr 
'bull, ox' (from farzaz), MLG vane id., 
OHG farro id. Deverbative based on IE 
*pers-\ Skt pfsan 'spotteď, Tokh AB pdrs- 
'to sprinkle'. For the semantic develop- 
ment cf. Latv vepris 'boar', Slav *veprb id. 
~ Skt lupati 'to throw (out), to eject, to 
excrete'. Paul ]\'uS XX 38; Osthoff 
PBB XX 90-91 (to Skt prthuka- 'boy, 
young of an animal', Arm orť 'calf'); 
Torp-Falk 235; Holthausen AEE]\' 
99; Martinet Gem. 178; Mayrhofer II 
336; Pokorný I 818, 823; Trubaohev 
Zhiv. 42-43 (to Slav *porzb 'bull, hog' < 
*porso-)\ Vries ANEJV 112; Zalizniak II 
195; Bammesberger Nom. 50; Kluge- 
Seebold 250. 

*fas(u)laz sb.m.: ON fqsull 'brooď, OE 
fesl 'offspring, progeny' (mase. or neut.?), 
MLG vasel 'mature bull', OHG fasal 
'offspring, progeny, kin' (neut.). Con- 
nected with Skt neut. pásas- 'membrum 



virile', Gk Ttéoc; id., Lat penis id. < *pes- 
ni-s (Grimm apud Aufreght K^ I 288). 
Torp-Falk 239; Holthausen AEE1V 96; 
Walde-Hofmann II 281; Mayrhofer II 
241; Pokorný I 824; Zalizniak II 167; 
Frisk II 507; Kluge-Seebold 250-251. 

*fasta-xaldaz adj.: ON fast-haldr 'fast- 
holding', OE fest-heald 'firmly frxeď. 
Compound of *fastaz and *xaliaz (see 
*xaláanan). Carr Nom. comp. 63. 

*fasta-líkaz adj.: ON fast-ligr 'strong, 
fasť, OE fest-líc 'firm', OHG fast-llh 
'solid, firm, safe'. Derived from *fastaz. 
Heidermanns 192. 

*fastaz adj.: Burg *fastis 'fast, firm', ON 
fastr id., OFLfest id., OFris fest id., OS fast 
id., OHG fasto id. identical with Arm 
hast 'firm' (Hůbschmann ASt I 38; Solta 
Arm. 439-440), probably from *po-stH-o- 
'standing firm' based on *sta- 'to stand, 
to seť. Karsten NB II 373-374; 
Uhlenbeck PBB XX 328 (to Skt pastva- 
'dwelling, abode'); Torp-Falk 239; Feist 
143-144; Holthausen AEEW 96; 
Pokorný I 789; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
107; Vries ANEW 113; Onions 346; de 
Lamberterie Sprache XXVI 133-144 (to 
Hitt pahš- 'to protéct', Slav *pasti 'to pas- 
ture'); Lehmann GED 109—110; Seebold 
Festschr. Rosenfeld 499-503; Kobler 710; 
Heidermanns 1 92—1 93; Kluge-Seebold 
260-261. 

*fastěnan wk.vb.: Goth fastan 'to hold 
fast, to fasť, ON fasta 'to fasť, OE festian 
'to entrust, to commiť, OFris festia 'to 
fasť, OS festian 'to strengdien', OHG 
fastěn 'to fasť. Derived from *fastaz. The 
semantic development from 'keeping, 
observing' to 'fasting' is explained by 
calquing Lat (iňúnium) observáre (Wessén 
ANFXLTV 104-105: ON < OE; Velten 
JEGP XXLX 502-503). Torp-Falk 
239; Feist 143-144; FalkXVFXLI 116; 
Hoffler ANF XLVII 285 (ON < MLG 
vasten); Pisani AGIt LVI 19-28 (the cultic 
meaning of *fastěnan is based on Lat sta- 
tio); Lamberterle Sprache XXVI 139-144 
(from IE *pa-); Vries ANEW 113; Onions 
346; Mazzuoli Porru AGI LVI 19- 



fastenan 



95 



fafio 



28; Solari RIL CEK 433-436 (calque 
of Gk (prAácroro); Lehmann GED 109— 
110; Seebold Festschr. Rosenfeld 493-505 
(from *puos-to-, to Lat púrus 'clean' < 
*puss-); Heidermanns 193; Kluge- 
Seebold 251. 

*fastinojanan wk.vb.: ON fastna 'to 
pledge', OE festnian 'to fasten', OFris 
festna id., OS fastnon id., OHG festinon, 
fastinon 'to strenguhen'. Derived from 
*fastaz. Holthausen AEEW 97; Vries 
ANEWW&; Onions 346. 

*fastín sb.f.: ON stad-festi 'steadfastness', 
ODu festi 'solidness', OHG festi 'strength, 
mighť. Derived from *fastaz. Vries 
AJ(EW 118; Heidermanns 192. 

*fastjan sb.n.: OSwed feste 'fortress', 
OFris feste 'contract, treaty'. Derived 
from *fastaz. Heidermanns 192. 

*fastjanan wk.vb.: ON festa 'to fasten', 
OE festan id., OFris bi-festa 'to entrusť, 
OS part. gi-festid 'fasteneď, OHG festen 
'to strengthen, to fasten'. Derived from 
*fastaz. Torp-Falk 239; Holthausen 
AEEW 96; Vries AMEW 118; Heider- 
manns 192. 

*fast5n sb.f: ON fasta 'fasting', OS fasta 
id., OHG fasta 'fast, parsimony'. Con- 
nected with *fastěnan. Vries AMEW 1 13; 
Lehmann GED 109. 

*fastubnjan sb.n.: Goth fastubni 'fasting, 
observance, vigilance', OS fastunnia 'fast- 
ing'. Derived from *fastenan or directly 
from *fastaz. Feist 144; Lehmann GED 
109-110. 

*fatan I sb.n.: ON fit 'vat', OEfet 'vessel', 
OFris fet id., OS fit id., OHG/fl/ id. ON 
fit 'clothes, dress' is a historically different 
word (see *fatan II). Identical with púodas 
'poť (an originál neuter with a lengthen- 
ing due to Winter's law). Probably further 
related to Lith pedas 'sheaf, Latv peda 
'bunch'. Torp-Falk 226; Holthausen 
AEEW 97; Trier %DPh LXX 353-355; 
Pokorný I 790; Fraenkel 563; Vries 
ANE1V 113; Zalizniak I 140; Onions 
971; Lehmann GED 113 (to *ped- 'fboť); 
Fvluge-Seebold 251; Dybo BSA 130- 
131. 



*fatan II sb.n.: ON fit 'clothes, dress'. 
An isolated form. Probably an old Orien- 
tal loanword, cf. NCauc *HpádV: Avar 
hebét 'linen', Lak pata 'old clothes', Rutiil 
hadu 'trousers'. Vries AMEIV 113; 
Nikolayev-Starostin MCED 600. 

*fatilaz sb.m.: ON fetill 'strap', OE fetel 
'girdle, belť, MDu vetel 'fetter', OHG 
fizzil 'girdle, band' (also neut.). Derived 
from *fatan II. Hardly related to *feturaz 
~ *feturo(n). Torp-Falk 226; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 102; Vries AMEW 118-119; 
Onions 352; Kluge-Seebold 260. 

*fatjanan wk.vb.: OFris fatia 'to grasp', 
OE fetian 'to fetch, to marry'. Derived 
from *fetanan. Torp-Falk 226; Po- 
korný I 790-791; Onions 352. 

*fat5janan wk.vb.: ON fáta 'to step', OE 
fitian 'to fetch', OHG sih fazzon 'to rise, 
to exalť. Derived from *fetanan. Torp- 
Falk 226; Holthausen AEE]V 98; Vries 
AMEWIU; Seebold 196; Lehmann GED 
113; Kluge-Seebold 251. 

*faj)maz sb.m.: ON fadmr 'fathom', OE 
fiebm 'embracing arms, lap, cubit, fathom', 
OFris fethm 'fathom', OS pl. fathmós 
id., OHG fadam 'yarn, fathom'. Etymo- 
logically related to W etem, NW edau 
'threaď < *petima and, witír certain 
difficulties, to Slav *pasm{ 'thread bundle' 
(< *pot-s-md). Further see *fap>5 (Merin- 
ger Festschr. Heinzel 174; Lané Language 
LX 249). Torp-Falk 226; Holthausen 
AEEir 97; Pokorný I 824-825; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 97; Vries ANEl\ r 109; 
Zalizniak I 131; Onions 347; Truba- 
chev Rem. 102—103; Vasmer-Trubaohev 
III 212; Lehmann GED 110; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 71; Fvluge-Seebold 244. 

*faj)mjanan wk.vb.: ON feSma 'to spán', 
MLG vedemen 'to measure with outspread 
arms'. Derived from *fapmaz. Vries 
ANEW 114. 

*faj5mójanan wk.vb.: ON fiSma 'to 
embrace', OE fedmian 'to fathom, to 
embrace', MDu vademen 'to threaď, 
OHG fadamon 'to spin, to sew'. Derived 
from *fapmaz. Vries ANEJV 109. 

*faj)5 sb.f: Goth fipa 'hedge', ON pln. 



fafio 



96 



fextanan 



Fo5, MHG vadě 'hedge'. Related to Gk 
jtexávvi>|ii 'to spread ouť, Lat pateó 
'to stand open' (Grienberger Got. 65). 
Uhlenbeok PBB XXX 274-275 (to IE 
*pa- ~ *po- 'to protéct'); Grienberger 
Got. 65; Olsen AMF XXIII 90-94 (adds 
ONorw theon. FqS, originally — 'border'); 
Torp-Falk 226; Walde-Hofmann II 
262; Feist 144; Trier Z ssr lxv 
242-243 (follows Uhlenbeok); Pokorný I 
824-825; Vries AMEW 150; Frisk II 
520-521; Lehmann GED 110. 

*fauxaz ~ *faxwaz adj.: Goth pl. fawai 
'few', ON fár id., OTLJeáwa id., OSJa,Jao 
id., OHG Jo 'rare, few'. Related to Lat 
paucus id., and further to Lat paullus id., 
Gk TtaÍJpog 'small' (Kuhn KZ I 515). 
Bugge KZ XXXII 31 (adds Arm p'ok'r 
'small'); Torp-Falk 239; Walde- 
Hofmann II 265-266; Feist 147; 
Pokorný I 842-843; Vries AMEW 112; 
Frisk II 482-483; Onions 353; Lindeman 
Verschdrjung 16.6; Lehmann GED 112; 
Bammesberger Mom. 239. 

*fausaz ~ *fauzaz adj.: Norw dial Jeyr 
'rotten', Du voos 'spongy'. Derived from 
*Júanan. Torp-Falk 242-243; Vries 
AMEW 114; Pokorný I 790; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 414. 

*fedurez num.: Goth fidur- 'four' (in 
cmpn.), ON mase. Jjórir, neut. JJQgur id., 
OE Jeder-Jóte 'foor-footeď. Continues 
*k"etur-, cf. Skt catúr-aňga- 'four-mem- 
bereď, Gk xexpa-, Myc qe-to-ro-, Lat 
quadru-. See *Jedwmez. Torp-Falk 227; 
Holthausen AEE]V 103; Walde- 
Hofmann II 706; Feist 149; Mayrhofer 
I 372; Pokorný I 642-644; Frisk II 
883-884; Szemerényi Mumerals 79-85; 
Lehmann GED 1 1 3; Ross-Berns Mumerals 
579-582. 

*fedur-skautjaz ~ *fe<iw5r-skautjaz 
adj.: ON Jer-skeyttr 'four-cornered, 
square', OE Jeówer-scýte id., OHG fior- 
seozi id. Compound of *Jedurez, *Jedworez 
and *skautjaz (see *skautaz). Carr Mom. 
cotnp. 65. 

*fedur]36n num.: ON JjórSi 'fourth', OE 
Jeórča, Jeówerda id., OFris fiarda id., OS 



fiordo id., OHG fiordo id. Derived from 
*fedworez, *Jedurez. In WGmc *jeiur\>čm > 
*Jeurpón. Identical with Toch A Start, B 
starte id., Gk xÉxapxoi; id., Skt caturthá- id., 
Lat quartus id., Lith ketviftas id., Slav 
*čeťobrtb id. Torp-Falk 227; Traut- 
mann BSW 132; Meillet MSL XIV 382, 
BSL XXLX 34, 36-37; Walde-Hofmann 
II 399; Mayrhofer I 371; Fraenkel 247 
Vries AMEW 124; Frisk II 883-884: 
Onions 373; Trubachev ESSJa IV 95 
Ross-Berns Mumerals 627; Adams 77? 641 
Burlak IFTJa 258. 
*feďw5rez num.: Goth Jidwor 'four', OE 
Jeówer id., OFris fiuwer,fiower id., OS Jiwar, 
jiuwar id., OHG^or id. Phonetically trans- 
formed by analogy witír *JenJe (Zupitza 
Gutt. 7). Related to IE *k"etuSr id.: Toch 
štwar, B štwer, Skt catvara-, Gk xéoaapec;, 
Alb katěr, Olr cethir, Lat quattuor, Lith 
keturi, Slav *četyri. Meillet MSL VII 
162, LX 158-159; Scheftelowitz BB 
XXVIII 301; Torp-Falk 227; Traut- 
mann BSJV 131; Holthausen AEE]V 
102; Walde-Hofmann II 400-401 
Feist 149-150; Mayrhofer I 371-372 
Pokorný I 642-644; Fraenkel 247-248 
Hamp MGS II 1; Vries AMEW 124; Frisk 
II 883-884; Onions 373; Lehmann GED 
113-114; Trubachev ESSJa IV 97-98; 
Ross-Berns Mumerals 582—584; Kluge- 
Seebold 864; Orel AED 173-174; 
Adams TB 641-642; Burlak IFTJa 258. 
*fexanan str.vb.: OE y-Jeón 'to be glad, to 
rejoice', OHG gi-Jehan id. Probably rela- 
ted to *Janxanan. Fick I 471 (to Lat pSx 
'peace'); Zupitza Gutt. 188-189 (samé as 
Fick); Torp-Falk 224-225; Wood JEGP 
XIII 504 (to *Jextanaii); Holthausen 
AEEW 101; Pokorný I 796-797; See- 

BOLD 189. 

*fextanan str.vb.: OE Jeohtan 'to fighť, 
OFris fiuchta id., OS Jehtan id., OHG 
Jehtan id. Identical with Lat pecto 'to comb' 
(Zupitza Gutt. 189; Specht K^ LXVIII 
205-207), further to Gk jiekco id. (notě 
7tEKxéco 'to shear, to clip'), Lith pešú, peští 
'to pluck'. Osthoff Etym. 369-371 (to 
Lat pugnus 'fist'); Torp-Falk 225; Holt- 



fextanan 



97 



felftuz 



hausen AEE\V 101; Walde-Hofmann II 
269-270; Specht K~ LXVIII 507, 613 
(on the influence of *fiextanan)\ Pokorný I 
797; Fraenkel 580-582; Ader Festschr. 
Trier KG 146-159; Frisk II 492-493; 
Onions 355; Seebold 190-191; Kluge- 
Seebold 254. 

*fexu sb.n.: Goth jaihu 'money, movable 
goods', ON Jé 'cattle, property', OE fieoh 
id. (< *fexan), OFris^a id. (mase, neut.), 
OS fehu id., OWG Jihu id. Identical with 
Skt pašů- 'cattíe, animal', Av pasu- 'cattie', 
Lat peču id., Umbr pl. pequo 'pecua', Lith 
pěkus 'catde', OPrus pecku id. Osthoff 
Etnu. I 214, 256-257 (adds Slav *pbsb 
'dog' as *' catde guarď); Zupitza Gutt. 
190; Schulze ií^XL 412; Bartholomae 
879-880; Torp-Falk 225; Fránkel 
ZfslavPh XI 49-51; Holthausen AEEW 
101; Walde-Hofmann II 270-271; 
Feist 135-136; Mayrhofer II 239- 
240; Pokorný I 797; Fraenkel 564- 
565; Vries AMEW 114; Zalizniak II 
199; Benveniste IEL 39, 47-48, 
155; Lehmann GED 102-103; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 156; Kluge-Seebold 
864. 

*fexu-frekaz adj.: Goth fiaihu-friks 'cov- 
etous, greedy', ON Jé-fiekr 'greedy for 
money'. Compound of *fexu and *frekaz. 
Carr Mom. comp. 67. 

*fexu-3ernaz adj.: Goth faihu -gaims 'cov- 
etous, avaricious', ON fé-gjarn 'greedy', 
OE feoh-^eorn 'avariciuos, covetous'. 
Compound of *Jexu and *3ernaz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 59. 

*fexu-xúsan sb.n.: ON fi-hús 'stali', OE 
feoh-hús 'treasury', MLG ve-hus 'stali'. 
Compound of *fexu and *xúsan. Carr 
Mom. comp. 71 (parallel formations). 

*felxanan str.vb.: Goth filhan 'to bury, to 
conceal', ON jela 'to hide, to conceal', 
OE fiolan 'to cleave, to stick, to reach', 
OFris bi-fella 'to conceal, to commiť, 
OS bi-fielhan 'to commiť, OHG felahan 
'to transmit, to entrust, to bury'. Of 
unknown origin. Kjrchhoff KZ I 39; 
Ebel KZ VI 217 (to OHG felga 'bend, 
rim'); Uhlenbeck PBB XXVII 118 (to 



Gk ná.XKoq- nr\Xóc„ Hes.); Grlenberger 
Got. 68 (to Slav *fn>lkb 'warfare, troop') 
Zupltza Gutt. 130; Torp-Falk 237 
Helnertz ESt. 29-46; Feist 151-152 
Holthausen AEEW 101; Trier Lehm 
24-30; Jóhannesson IEW 557-558; 
Pokorný I 803-804; Vries AMEW 117 
(to IE *pel- 'cover, skin'); Seebold 
191-193; Benveniste IEL 128-129; 
Lehmann GED 1 1 5; Kluge-Seebold 90 
(to Lat appello 'to drive to, to move 
towarď, Latv pat 'to vilify'). 
*fellan sb.n.: Goth pruts-fill 'leprosy', ON 

jjall 'skin', OE Jeli id., OFris Jeli id., OS 

jeli id., OHG/f/ id. Identical with Gk acc. 
pl. nkXko.^ id., Lat pellis id. < *pel-n- 
(Bugge KZ XLX (1870) 409-410). Cf. 
also WGrnc Jeltaz > OE felt 'felť, MLG 

fit id., OMGfilz id. and *speltaz ~ *spelto 
> OE mase. (?) spelt 'spelť, OS spelta 
'spelť, OHG spelza 'spelť. Curtius Gr. 
Et. 276 Cfeltaz to Lat pilleus 'felt cap'); 
Schrader KZX 479-481; Hoops Wald- 
bdume 420 (*speltaz ~ *spelto to * spalianari)\ 
Sohrader-Nehrtng II 648 (*speltaz ~ 
*spelto to Lat pollen 'fine flour, fine 
powder' < *(s)plden); Torp-Falk 236— 
238; Holthausen ^££11' 100; Walde- 
Hofmann II 275-276; Feist 503-504; 
Pokorný I 801-803 (Jeltaz to Lat pello 
'to beat, to push'); Vries AMEW 123; 
Zalizniak I 140; Frisk II 499; Onions 
349-350, 852; Lehmann GED 114-115; 
Kluge-Seebold 258, 265, 776. 
*fellínaz adj.: Goth filleins 'leathern', OE 

fellen 'made of skin', OHG fellin id. 
Derived from *fellan. Structurally close to 
Lat pellinus id. Holthausen AEEW 105; 
Walde-Hofmann II 275; Feist 152; 
Lehmann GED 114. 
*felmaz sb.m.: OE film 'skin, husk'. 
Derivationally close to Gk jtéX|ia 'sole of 
fooť. Furdrer related to *fiellan. Torp- 
Falk 235; Holthausen AEE]V 100; 
Pokorný I 803; Frisk II 499-500; 
Onions 356. 
*felbuz ~ *felbaz sb.m.: OE field 'fielď, 
OFris Jeli id., OS jdi id., OHG neut. 

jeli id. Continues *peltu-, a secondary 



felhuz 



98 



feii3ra-3ull)an 



transformation of the originál zero grade 
*pltu-\ Skt prthú- 'broad, wide', Av pmfhi- 
id., Gk 7rtaxrúc; 'flať. Related to *fiuldo(nj. 
Bartholomae 892-893; Torp-Falk 237; 
Holthausen AEEW 100; Mayrhofer 
II 333; Pokorný I 806 (to *peh-. *pla- 
'wide'), 833; Vries ANEW 137; Zaliz- 
niak II 199; Frisk II 553-554; Onions 
354; Bammesberger Jíom. 155; Kluge- 
Seebold 257. 

*felu adv., adj.: Goth filu much, very', ON 
jjql-auSigr Very rich', OE jela, feala, feola 
'many, much', OFris Jelo, fiul id. (< *Julú), 
OS filu id., OHG filu, filo id. Identical 
with Skt purít- 'much, many, abundanť, 
Av pauru- 'much, many', Gk noků id. 
Osthoff PBB XIII 444-445; Bar- 
tholomae 854-855; Torp-Falk 235; 
Holthausen AEEW 100; Feist 152-153; 
Benveniste Origines 54; Mayrhofer II 
311; Pokorný 799-800; Vries ANE1\' 
125; Frisk II 577-578; Lehmann GED 
116; Bammesberger Nom. 262-263; 
Kluge-Seebold 864. 

*felzan ~ *fel(e)zaz sb.n./m.: ON Jjall 
'rock, mountain', OS fielis id., OHG jí& 
'rock, cliff'. Closely related to Gk ntXka' 
Xí9oq (Hes.) < *pelso-, Olr all 'cliff, stone' 
< *plso- (Vendryes RC XXXVIII 184). 
Pokorný I 807; Vries ANE1V 123; Frisk 
II 499; Kluge-Seebold 258. 

*fenfe num.: Goth fimfi 'five' , ON fimm id., 
OE^fid., OFris fiifi id., OS/^id., OHG 
fimfi id. From *fienxwe identical with Toch 
A pán, B piš id., Skt páňca id., Av panča id., 
Arm hing id., Gk jtévre id., Arm hing id., 
Alb pese ~ pese id., Lat quínque id., Olr cóic 
id., Lith penki id., Slav *petb id. < *penkř- 
ti-. Sabler KZ XXXI 280 (to *fien 3 raz); 
Pedersen KZ XXXII 272, Kelt. Gr. I 37; 
Zupitza Gutt. 7-8; Helten IF XVIE 84; 
Bartholomae 844-845; Lané JEGP 
XXXVIII 192-193; Torp-Falk 228; 
Trautmann BSW 213; Holthausen 
AEEW 104, AWN 61; Walde-Hofmann 
II 407-408; Feist 154; Mayrhofer II 
187; Pokorný I 808; Fraenkel 570; 
Vries ANEW 120; Zalizniak II 206; 
Frisk II 506-507; Onions 358; Vasmer- 



Trubaohev III 426; Lehmann GED 
117; Ross-Berns Numerals 584—585; 
Kluge-Seebold 290-291; Orel AED 
316; Adams TB 388; Burlak IFTJa 248. 
*fenfe-faldjan ~ *fenfe-fald(j)5n 
sb.n./f.: ON fiifrildi 'butterfly', OE 
fiifi f)ealde id., OS fifialdra,fiifioldara id., MDu 
viveltere id., OHG fiífialtra id. Compound 
based on *fenfe and *faldaz, *'(creature) of 
five folds' (cf. OE fifi-Jeald 'five-fold'), 
tabooed and modified in various ways 
in different Gmc languages. Hardly a 
descriptive stem similar to Lat pápilio 
'butterfly'. Bezzenberger BB VII 75 
(to Lat papilió 'butterfly, moth'); Noreen 
Abrifi 228 (samé as Bezzenberger); Torp- 
Falk 238; Holthausen AEEW 104; 
Walde-Hofmann II 249-250; Pokorný I 
801; Vries ANEW 119; Zalizniak I 222; 
Kluge-Seebold 248 (reconstructs *fifial- 
drori). 
*fenft5n num.: Goth fimfita- 'fifth' (in 
cmpn.), ON fimti, fimmti id. (for *fifiti), OE 
fifita id., OFris fifita id., OS fifito id., OHG 
fimfito id. Close to Toch A pant, B piňkte 
id., Av puxSa- id., Gk ní\iirmq id., Lat 
quíntus id., Olr cóiced id., Lith peňktas 
id., Slav *petb id. Further see *fenfe. 
Bartholomae 908-909; Torp-Falk 
228-229; Trautmann BS]V 213; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 104; Walde-Hofmann II 
408; Feist 154-155; Pokorný I 808; 
Fraenkel 570; Vries AMEW 120; 
Szemerényi Numerals 27-44, 71-76; Frisk 

II 506-507; Onions 358; Vasmer- 
Trubaghev III 426; Lehmann GED 117; 
Ross-Berns Numerals 628; Adams TB 385; 
Burlak IFTJa 248. 

*fenftiz num.: ON fimt 'number of five'. 
Identical with Skt paňkti- 'group of five', 
Alb pese' ~ pese 'five', Slav *petb id. 
Torp-Falk 229; Mayrhofer II 185; 
Vries AfifElV 120; Vasmer-Trubachev 

III 426; Orel AED 316. 
*fen3ra-3ulban sb.n.: Goth figgra-gulps 

'finger-ring', ON fingr-gull id. Compound 
of *fien 3 raz and *gulfian (Carr Nom. comp. 
67, 276). Feist 150; Carr JVom. comp. 
67; Lehmann GED 161. 



feii3raz 



99 



fer3(w)unjan 



*fen3raz sb.m.: Goth figgrs 'finger', ON 
fingr id. (contamination of a-stem and root 
stem), OE finger id., OFris finger id., OS 
fingar id., OHG fingar id. Together with 
Olr cóicer 'set of five persons' and Arm 
hinger- (in hinger-ord 'fifth'), continues 
*penk>rós (Meillet MSL LX 151, BSL 
XXDÍ 36). Further connected with *Jenfe 
(Stewart BB XXX 238). Grimm DG II 
60 (to Janxanarí); Bugge BB XIV 79 
(from *penk"res); Pedersen KZ XXXII 
272; Grienberger Got. 67 (with com- 
parative suffix *-ero-); Loewenthae AMF 
XXXV 229 (to *fimiz); Zupitza Gutt. 73; 
Torp-Falk 228; Holthausen AEE]V 
105; Feist 150; Schulze Kl. Schr. 193 
(follows Grimm); Pokorný I 808; Vries 
AMEW 120; Zalizniak II 206; Onions 
357; Lehmann GED 114; Bammesberger 
JVom. 75; Ross-Berns Numerab 661; 
Kluge-Seebold 266. 

*fenj5 sb.f.: Goth-Lat fenea (= Goth *finjci) 
'pearl barley, barley dish'. Related to 
Lat penus 'sto re of fooď, Lith penas 
'nouríshmenť. Walde-Hofmann II 283; 
Pokorný I 807; Fraenkel 569; Lehmann 
GED 112. 

*fenbanan str.vb.: GoÚifinpan 'to find out, 
to recognize, to learn', ONfinna 'to finď, 
OE findan id., OFris finda id., OS findan 
id., OHG findan id. A secondary verb 
derived from *pontHo-\ Skt pánthá- 'path', 
Gk 7tóvxoQ 'sea ! , Arm hun 'ford', Lat póns 
'bridge', OPrus pintis 'way', Slav *potb id. 
(Bailey-Ross TPS 1961 138). Cf. also 
*pntHo- 'one pertaining to the way' in 
Toch B amdks-pdnte 'wagon-master (?)' 
(Adams TB 19). The originál meaning 
was better preserved in WGmc *Jan$jdn > 
OE Jeda 'troop, band, company', OHG 
Jendo 'soldier, pedestrian' reflecting an 
underlying verbum movendi. Sůtterlin 
Btrg. Gesch. XVIII 261; Torp-Falk 228; 
Bartholomae 732 (to Gk jtanxaívco 'to 
peer'); Pedersen KZ XXXIX 366; 
Trautmann BS]V 205-206; Holthausen 
AEE1\ T 105; Walde-Hofmann II 336- 
337; Feist 155; Benveniste WordX 257; 
Jóhannesson IE]V 543; Pokorný I 



808-809; Mayrhofer II 210-211; Vries 
AMEW 120; Hamp Lingua XXXIV 229- 
234; Frisk II 578-579; Onions 356; 
Seebold 193-194 (to *pet- 'to fall'); 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 413; Lehmann 
GED 117; Kluge-Seebold 266. 

*fer(e)rai ~ *fer(e)rót adv.: Goth Jairra 
'far', ON jjarri id., OEJeorr id., OFris Jer 
id., OS Jen, Jerro id., OHG Jerro id. 
Derivative of IE *per- (Skt pára 'away, 
off', Av para id.) similar to IE *up-ero- 
(Brugmann IF XXXIII 300-301). 
Grienberger Got. 64 (comparative *Jeri- 
zot); Bartholomae 852-853; Torp-Falk 
231 (reconstruct *-ai); Kluge Urgerm. 
247; Holthausen AEEl\ r 102; Feist 141; 
Mayrhofer II 215; Pokorný I 811; 
Vries ÁNE]V 123; Onions 345; Lehmann 
GED 107; Kluge-Seebold 259; Adams 
TB 359 (identical with Toch A parné, B 
parna 'outside' < *pereno- < *perero- with 
dissimilation). 

*fer(e)rjanan wk.vb.: ONfirra 'to deprive, 
to savé', OE afirran 'to remove, to také 
away', OFris fira id., OS firrian id., OHG 
firren id. Derived from *Jer(e)rai ~ *Jer(e)rot. 
Torp-Falk 231; Vries AME]\' 121. 

*fer3(w)unjan ~ *fer3(w)unjó sb.n./f.: 
Goth Jairguni 'mountain, mountain 
range', ON JJQrgyn 'mother-earth', OE 
firgen 'mountain, mountain-woodlanď, 
OHG mtn. Fergunna. Identical with 
(Much ZDADL XXXII 454-458) or bor- 
rowed from (Kossinna IF VII 284-285) 
Celt 'EpKtivicx; 8p\)|ió<;, Hercynia silva, cf. 
further Lith perkunas 'thunder god; thun- 
der', OPrus Percunis 'thunder' (Grimm 
DM I 156-157). Derived from *Jerxwuz. 
Schweizer KZ I 155-157; Hirt IF I 
479-483 (samé as Much); Zupitza Gutt. 
130; Zimmer ZDADL XLX 164-166 (to 
Skt Parjánya- 'raincloud, god of rain'); 
Kretschmer Einleitung 81 (Celt < Gmc); 
Wiedemann BB XXVIII 8-9 (to Slav 
*porgt> 'threshold, rapids' and mnt. *per- 
gyni); Muller PBB XXVI 282 (samé as 
Kossinna); Feist 137-138; Karsten GFL 
75—76 (Lith perkunas < EGmc); Můllen- 
hoff II 241-242 (originally, the name of 



fer3(w)unjan 



100 



fernaz 



the Alps); Torp-Falk 234; Jóhannesson 
IEW 557 (to Jerxwan); Feist 137-139; 
Jakobson Word XI 616 (to Slav *pergyni 
'wooded hill'); Porzig Gliederung 195; 
Pokorný I 822 (from pre-Celtic); Fraen- 
kel 575; Vries ANEW 126; Zalizniak II 
216; Friedrich Trees 133—140; Vasmer- 
Trubaohev III 246-247; Hamp JL III 
83-90 (follows Karsten); Lehmann GED 
104-105. 

*ferxwa-3efoon sb.m.: ON Jjor-gjafi 'one 
who saves another's life', OE feorh-^ifa 
'giver of life'. Gompound of *ferxwan and 
*3eton. Carr Nom. comp. 80 (parallel 
formations; OE is a calque of Lat largitor 
mim). 

*ferxwa-rě<lan ~ *ferxwa-rěťiiz sb.n./ 
m.: ON Jjgr-rád 'plotting against one's 
life', OE jeorh-réd 'life-benefiť. Com- 
pound of *ferxwan and *rěian ~ *rědiz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 80 (parallel formations). 

*ferxwa-seukaz adj.: ON Jjqr-sjúkr 'sick 
unto death', OE feorh-seóc 'mortally 
woundeď. Compound of *ferxwan and 
*seukaz. Carr Nom. comp. 61. 

*ferxwan sb.n.: ON jjor 'life', pl. mase. 
Jjqwar 'men', OE feorh 'life, soul', OFris 
ferch id., OS ferah id., OHG ferah id. 
Related to *ferxwuz (Grimm-Grimm III 
1527). Kjrchhoff K^I 39; Wiedemann 
BB XXVIII 14-15 (to Skt parm- 'rib; 
siekle'); Zupitza Gutt. 63; Torp-Falk 234; 
Holthausen AEE\Y 101; Feist 139; 
Johannson apud Vries (to Gk npaníSet; 
'midriff; understanding, minď); Torp- 
Falk 234 (samé as Wiedemann); Specht 
R'Z LXVIII 200 (follows Grimm); 
Vendryes RC XLIV 313-315 (follows 
Grimm); Pokorný I 822; Vries ANEW 
125; Zalizniak II 199; Friedrich Trees 
1 37 (samé as Grimm); Meid Germ. Rek. 98— 
100; Lehmann GED 105-106; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 155. 

*ferxwjaz sb.m.: Crim. Goth fers 'man', 
ON pl. firar id., OE pl.firas 'living beings, 
men', OS firihos 'people', OHG gen. pl. 
u[i]rho, dat. pl. mit firahim 'people'. 
Derived from *ferxwan (Diefenbach FIT I 



(Goth fers compared with OE ferhi 'soul, 
spirit, minď); Wledemann BB XXVIII 1 ; 
Zupitza Gutt. 64; Kisch KVSL XLVIII 2 
(Crim. Goth < Hung férj 'man'); Feist 
148; Vries ANE]V 121; Meid Germ. Rek. 
98-100; Lehmann GED 105-106, 113. 

*ferxwuz sb.m.: Goth fairtvus 'worlď, 
OHG fereh-eih 'oak'. Identical with Lat 
quercus id. (Htrt IF I 479). Wtedemann 
BB XXVIII 3; Torp-Falk 234; Walde- 
Hofmann II 402-403; Pokorný I 822- 
823; Metd Festschr. Oberhuber 159-170. 

*ferina-werkan sb.n.: ON firin-verk 
'lechery', OE firen-weorc 'wicked work', 
OS firin-werc 'act of violence'. Compound 
of *ferino and *werkan. Carr Nom. comp. 
47; Vries XVEir 121. 

*ferinó sb.f: Goth fahina 'fault, offence, 
reproach', ON Jim 'abomination' (neut. < 
*ferinu-), OE firen 'wicked deed, sin, 
erime', OFris firne id., OS Jiřina id., OHG 
Jiřina id. Connected with *feran ~ *fěro. 
Uhlenbeck Got. IVb. 41 (preíixal form 
related to Skt inóti 'to advance upon, to 
press upon', iná- 'strong, mighty'); Grien- 
berger Got. 63 (to Gk jteTpa 'attempt, 
undertaking'); Weisweiler IF XLI 29-30 
(samé as Uhlenbeck); Torp-Falk 231; 
Meillet BSL XXII 224 (to Irán par- 'to 
go through'); Schneider KZ LXVI 253 
(to Toch A pare, B peri 'debť); Feist 139 
140; Holthausen AEEW 105, AWN 62 
(to Toch A pare , B peri 'guilť); Vrtes 1 2 1 
(to *fer(ejrai ~ *fer(e)rot); Pokorný I 10, 
818; Zalizniak I 174; Lehmann GED 106. 

*ferinójanan wk.vb.: Goth jairinon 'to 
blame, to aceuse, to reproach', ON/raa 
'to blame', OE Jirenian 'to sin', OHG 
firinón 'to stain (by erime)'. Derived from 
*ferino. Holthausen AEE]\ 7 105; Feist 
139; Vrtes ANEW 121; Lehmann GED 
106. 

*fernaz adj.: Goth Jairns 'previous (of 
year)' (affairnin jera = ánb jtépuai), OS fer- 
nun gěre id., MHG verne id. Identical with 
Umbr perné 'before' < *pernai, Lith pl. pér- 
nai id., Latv ppns id. Probably to be 
explained from *per- 'previous' and zero 
grade of *eno- 'year'. Meillet BSL 



feniaz 



101 



fetjo 



XXIX 229-230, MSL XXIII/IV 274- 
275; Torp-Falk 231; Feist 140-141; 
Schulze Kl. Schr. 537—540 (from *per-no-, 
with suffix *-no-); Karsten NB II 210- 
211; Chemodanov SGGJa I 77; Fraenkel 
576; Pokorný I 810-811; Stang LS 42; 
Lehmann GED 106—107; Bammesberger 
Nom. 246; Kluge-Seebold 267. 

*fernjaz adj.: Goth faimeis 'olď, OE jym 
'ancient, olď, OHG jimi 'old, erstwhile, 
former'. Derived from *fernaz. Torp- 
Faek 231; Feist 140; Vries ANEW 123 
(to *fer(ejrai ~ *fer(e)rot); Lehmann GED 
106; Heidermanns 196; Kluge-Seebold 
267. 

*fersn5 ~ *ferznó sb.f.: Goth fairzna 
'heel', OE fiersn id. (< *fersniz), OS fersna 
id., OHG fersana, fersna id. Gonnected 
with Hitt paršina 'upper ťhigh', Toch B 
porsno 'ankle (?)' < *persn-, Skt parsni- 
'heď, Av pásna- id., Gk jtxépvT| 'heď, Lat 
perná 'haunch' < *persná (Fick I 81-82). 
Bartholomae 891; Torp-Falk 234- 
235; Holthausen AEE]\' 104; Walde- 
Hofmann II 289-290; Feist 141; 
Kjeckers HG 27 [*e > *e before sonorant 
followed by obstruent); Pokorný I 823; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 106; Zalizniak II 
193; Frisk II 611-612; Lehmann GED 
107; Bammesberger Nom. 147; Kluge- 
Seebold 260; Adams TB 404. 

*fertanan str.vb.: ONfreta 'to break wind' 
(with metathesis), MLG verten id., OHG 
ferzan id. Cf. OE feortinj 'pedatio'. 
Related to Skt párdate id., Gk 7tÉp5o|Mxi 
id., Alb pjerdh, Lith pérdžiu, pérsti id., Slav 
*pbrděti id. Torp-Falk 234; Trautmann 
BSW 220; Holthausen AEEW 102; 
Jóhannesson IEW 554; Mayrhofer II 
225; Pokorný I 819; Vries ANEW 
142; Fraenkel 577; Frisk II 511-512; 
Onions 346; Seebold 194-195; Vasmer- 
Trubaghev III 235-236; Kluge- Seebold 
250; Orel AED 330. 

*fertaz ~ *furtaz sb.m.: ON fretr 'farť 
(with metathesis), MLG vort id., OHG 
firz, furz id. Derived from *fertanan. 
Torp-Falk 234; Vries ANEW 142, 147; 
Kluge-Seebold 292. 



*feručti adv.: ON í jjqro 'in the previous 
year', MHG vert 'previous year'. Identical 
with Skt parút 'last year', Arm heru id., Gk 
Att 7téprjcji id., Olr ónn-urid 'ab anno 
priore'. (Brugmann Grundrijl II/2 708). 
Torp-Falk 231; Holthausen IF XXV 
148; Mayrhofer II 219; Pokorný I 
810-811; Vries ANEW 124; Frisk II 
518-519; Bammesberger Nom. 199-200; 
Griepentrog ]Vurzelnomina 444—445. 

*festiz sb.m.: MLG visi 'foist, farť, MHG 
vist id. Identical with Gk né^iq 'bullfist, 
Lycoperdon Bovista', Lat pedis 'louse', 
further to Gk PSem 'to break wind', Lat 
pedoiá., Liuh bezdú, bezdeti 'to break wind', 
Slav *p b zde'h id. Fick BB VII 270; 
Schmidt K£ XXVII 320; Trautmann 
BSW 221; Walde-Hofmann II 272-273; 
Pokorný I 829; Frisk I 230; Vasmer- 
Trubachev I 163; Fvluge-Seebold 268. 

*fetan sb.n.: ON/ei 'step, páce'. Continues 
IE *pedó-, cf. Hitt pedan 'pláce', Toch A 
pats, B patsa 'bottom', Skt padám 'step, 
footstep', Av paSi>?n id., Gk 7té8ov 
'ground, earth', Arm het 'foot trace', Lat 
peda id., Olr ed 'period', Liuh pedd 'foot, 
sole'. Thematization of IE *ped- 'fooť. 
See *fotz. Bartholomae 842; Torp- 
Falk 225; Trautmann BSW 209-210; 
Walde-Hofmann II 293-294; Mayrho- 
fer II 204-205; Pokorný I 790-791 
Fraenkel 561-563; Frisk II 485-486 
Bammesberger Nom. 59; Adams TB 362 
Dybo BSA 134 (lengthening in Baltic due 
to Winter's law). 

*fetanan str.vb.: ON Jeta 'to step', OE 
pret. 3e-fat 'to falT, OHG pret. faz id. 
Related to IE *ped- id.: Skt padyate 'to 
falT, Slav *padq, *pasti id. (Meillet MSL 
XrV 336). Torp-Falk 225; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 102; Jóhannesson IEW 541- 
542; Mayrhofer II 206-207; Pokorný I 
790-792; Vries ANE1V 118; Seebold 
195-196; Vasmer-Trubachev III 184; 
Kluge-Seebold 251. 

*fetj5 sb.f: ONJtí 'webbed foot of water- 
birds', OE/// 'song, poem', OS Jittea 'sec- 
tion', OHG fizza 'hem, skein of yarn'. 
Structurally close to Toch B paiyye 'fooť 



fetjo 



102 



ferjanan 



< *podio-, Gk 7ié^a 'foot, edge', Skt padya- 
'related to fooť (Bugge BB III 116). 
Further connected with *fetan. Torp- 
Falk 226; Holthausen AEEJT 106; 
Pokorný I 791; Vries ANEW 122; Frisk 
II 486; Van Windekens 82; Kluge- 
Seebold 268. 

*fetjojanan wk.vb.: ON fitja 'to web, to 
kniť, MDu vittm 'to be suitable', OHG 
fizzon 'to surrounď. Derived from *fetjo. 
Vries ANEW 122. 

*feturaz ~ *feturó(n) sb.m./f.: ON 
fjoturr 'fetter, shackle', OE fetor, feter id., 
OS pl.feteros id., OHG fezzara id. Derived 
from *fót z (Richter KZ XXXVI 118). 
Torp-Faek 226; Holthausen AEEW 
103; Trier Z dph LXX 354 (reconstructs 
the originál meaning as 'forked piece of 
řirewooď); Pokorný I 792; Vries ANEW 
127; Zaeizniak I 174; Onions 352. 

*fetur5janan wk.vb.: ON jjqtra 'to fetter', 
OE se-feterian 'to fetter, to binď, OFris 
fiteria 'to binď, MDu veteren id., OHG 
fozzaron id. Derived from *feturaz ~ 
*feturo(n). Holthausen AEEW 102; 
Vries ANEW 127. 

*febra-xamaz ~ *febra-xam5n sb.m.: 
ON jjadr-hamr 'winged haunch', OÍLfedei'- 
hama 'wings, plumage', OS fedar-hamo id. 
Compound of *fepro and *xamaz, *xamon. 
Carr Nom. comp. 47. 

*febrjan sb.n.: ON fidri 'feathers, plum- 
age', OF, f dere 'wing', MDu ge-vedere 'plum- 
age', OHG gi-federi id. Derived from 
*fepro. Torp-Falk 227; Holthausen 
AEEW 106; Vries ANEW 119. 

*febr(j)6janan wk.vb.: ON fora 'to 
feather', OE ^e-fiderian 'to give wings', 
G be-jiedern 'to feadier'. Derived from 
*fepijan, fejpro. Torp-Falk 227. 

*febró sb.f: ONJJQÓr 'feadier', OEfeSer id., 
OFris /ethere id., OS feSara id., OHG 
federa id. Related to Hitt pattar 'wing', 
Skt patará- 'flying', Gk jtTEpóv 'feather, 
wing', OW peterin 'birď (Pedersen KZ 
XXXII 245), further connected with *pet- 
'to fly'. Saussure Recueil 420 (from 
*pet-tro-); Torp-Falk 226-227; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 103; Mayrhofer II 199; 



Pokorný I 826; Vries ANEW 124-125 
Zalizniak I 146; Frisk II 612-613 
Onions 348; Bammesberger Nom. 1 1 8 
Kluge-Seebold 254. 

*fe3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON fága 'to polish, to 
clean', OFris fěgia 'to clean', MDu vagen 
id., OS fegon id., OHG JegSn 'to sweep'. 
Despite phonetic difficulties, related to 
*fanxanan. Vries ANEW 109 (to Lith 
púošiu, pudšti 'to decorate'); Pokorný I 
797; Kluge-Seebold 255. 

*fera-lÍ3az adj.: ON fár-ligr 'disastrous', 
OE fiér-líc 'sudden, unexpected, quick', 
MHG vier-lic id. Derived from *firan ~ 
*feraz. Onions 351. 

*feran ~ *feraz sb.n./m.: ON^aí' 'harm, 
evil passion, bale', OE fér 'fear, danger, 
peril', OS far 'ambush, lurking danger' 
(fem.), OHG far 'ambush', fem. fára 
'ambush'. Compared with Arm p'orj 
'attempť, Gk neípa id. (Fick BB II 
210). Meillet BSL XXXVI 110; Torp- 
Falk 230; Holthausen AEEW 96 
Pokorný I 818; Vries ANEl\ r 112 
Zalizniak II 174; Frisk II 489-490 
Solta Arm. 342-343 (isolates Arm p'orj) 
Onions 348; Lehmann GED 112; Kluge- 
Seebold 305. 

*fe ró sb.f: Goth fera 'side, limb', OHG 
fera 'ham'. Probably derived from IE 
*(s)pěi-, cf. Skt sphayate 'to grow fat, to 
increase', Lith spěti 'to be fast enough', 
Slav *spěti 'to flourish, to ripen' (Uhlen- 
beck BBB XXX 275; Sghulze Kl. Schr. 
54). Structurally close to Lith sperus 
'rapid, energetic'. Grienberger Got. 66 
(to Gk 7tépa<; 'exit, enď); Stokes KZ XL 
248 (to Olr triu 'land'); Gůntert WuSXl 
139 (to Gk jtr|pa 'satchel'); Torp-Falk 
567; Feist 148; Mayrhofer III 541-542; 
Pokorný 983-984; Fraenkel 865-866; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 734; Lehmann 
GED 112. 

*ferjanan wk.vb.: ON fera 'to slighť, OE 
féran 'to terrify, to frighten', MHG feren 
'to readjusť. Derived from *fěran ~ *fěro. 
Torp-Falk 230; Holthausen ^££7^96; 
Vrles ANEW 149; Onions 348; Lehmann 
GED 112. 



fetjanan 



103 



fijendz 



*fetjanan wk.vb.: Goth fetjan 'to adorn', 
ON_/iř« 'to manage, to deal', OTLfiétan 'to 
equip'. Long grade variant of *fiatqjanan. 
The samé ablaut grade is found in Lith 
pedas 'sheaf, Latv péda 'bunch'. Torp- 
Falk 226; Persson Beiíráge 224-225 (to 
Skt palla- 'large granary, barn'); Bezzen- 
berger BB XXVII 175 (to Latv pěda 
'armful, bunch'); Holthausen AEE]\ t 
97; Feist 148-149; Pokorný I 790; 
Fraenkel 563; Vries ANE1V 149; Leh- 
mann GED 113; Kluge-Seebold 305. 

*fijab(w)5 sb.f.: Gothfijapwa 'enmity', OE 
Jeo^aú 'hatreď. Derived from *fljěnan. 
Holthausen AEE]V 101; Feist 151; 
Lehmann GED 114. 

*fimiz adj.: ON fimr 'nimble, agile'. Close 
to Olr éim, ém 'quick, fasť < *pe(i)mi- 
(Lidén BB XXI 95). Torp-Faek 228; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 100; Vries ANEW 
120. 

*finxló sb.f.: OE fieól 'filé (instrument)', 
MLG filé id., MHG vile id. Related to 
Skt pimšati 'to hew out, to carve', Gk 
heÍko) 'to scratch', Lith piešiu, pwšti 'to 
draw lineš wiuh coal', Slav *pbsati 'to 
write'. Zupitza Gutt. 64; Torp-Falk 
241; Holthausen AEEW 105; Mayr- 
hofer II 267-268; Fraenkel 587; Vries 
ANE1V 117; Onions 355; Kluge-Seebold 
256. 

*finkiz ~ *finkon sb.m.: OJLfinc 'finch', 
MDu vinke id., OHG finc,finco id. Related 
to Gk cmíyyoc, id., W pinč id. Suolahti 
DVN 109-110; Torp-Falk 241-242; 
Holthausen AEE]V 105; Onions 356; 
Kluge-Seebold 266. 

*finnaz sb.m.: ON Finnr 'Finn', OE pl. 
Finnas id., G Finne id. Attested as Gk 
Oívvoi, Lat Fenni. Unclear. Karsten 
GFL 230 (to Jenpanan); Ltndroth NB V 
45—50 (to G mtn. Finne and, eventually, 
to Celt *penn- 'hill'); Zaohrisson Festschr. 
A. Koch 312 (to Olr cenn 'head'); Holt- 
hausen AEEW 105; Vries ANEW 120- 
121; Onions 357. 

*finnaz ~ *fin(n)5n sb.m./f: OSwed 
jiná 'fin', OJLfinn 'fin', ML,G finne id. Pro- 
bably related to Toch A spin- 'hook', Skt 



sphyá- 'splinter, staff'. Torp-Falk 240 
(to Lat pinna 'feather', Olr ind 'point, 
tip' < *pinno-); Holthausen AEEW 105; 
Pokorný I 981; Onions 356; Kluge- 
Seebold 266. 

*fiskaz sb.m.: Goůxfisks 'fish', ONfiskr id., 
OE fisc id., OFris fisk id., OS fisk id., 
OHG fisc id. Etymologically related to 
Lat piscis id., Olr íasc id. < *peiskos (Wood 
MLN XV 95). Mikkola RFV XLVEI- 
XLLX 279-280 (to Slav *piskar'b ~ 
*piskor'b 'a kind of river fish, gudgeon'); 
Torp-Falk 242; Fírogmann K^ LXII 
267; Holthausen AEE1\ t 105; Walde- 
Hofmann II 310; Feist 155; Porzig 
Gliederung 110, 193; Pokorný I 796; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 59; Vries ANEW 
121-122; Zalizniak I 131; Onions 358; 
Lehmann GED 1 1 8; Kluge-Seebold 
267-268. 

*fiskójanan wk.vb.: Goth fiskon 'to fish', 
ONfiska id., OF.fiscian id., OFris fiskia id., 
OS fiskon id., OHG gi-fiskon id. Deno- 
minative based on *fiskaz. Derivationally 
similar to Lat piscor 'to fish'. Torp-Falk 
242; Feist 155; Walde-Hofmann II 310; 
Porzig Gliederung 110; Pokorný I 796; 
Vries ANE]V 121-122; Lehmann GED 
118. 

*fltjó sb.f: ON fit 'meadow lanď, EFris fit 
'muddy pool'. Related to Gk 7ií8a^ 
'spring, fountain', Olr iath 'meadow' < 
*peito-. Torp-Falk 241; Vries A]ÍE]\ t 
122; FriskII 533. 

*fijěnan wk.vb.: Goth fijan 'to hatě', ON 
jjá id., OE fión, Jeófejan id., OHG^en id. 
Related to Skt píjati 'to revile, to blame' 
(Schulze KZ XXVII 426). Hoffmann 
BB XVIII 149-151 (from *kueio, to Lat 
pio 'to punish', Gk xeíco 'to respecť); 
Torp-Falk 240; Holthausen AEEW 
105; Feist 150-151; Mayrhofer II 
294-295; Pokorný I 792-793; Vries 
ANEW 122; Onions 354; Lehmann GED 
114; Kluge-Seebold 257. 

*fijěnďz sb.m.: Goth fijands 'enemy, fienď, 
ONJjándi id., OJLfieónd id., OFris fiand id., 
OS fiiond id., OHG fiiant id. Present par- 
ticiple of *fíjěnan. Holthausen AEE]V 



fijendz 



104 



flaizon 



105; Feist 150-151; Vries ANEW 123; 
Onions 354; Lindeman Verscharfimg 1 .4; 
Lehmann GED 1 1 4; Bammesberger Nora. 
215; Kluge-Seebold 257. 

*físanan str.vb.: ON fisa 'to farť, 
MHG visen 'to farť. An imitative stem. 
Persson JVurzelerw. 199 (to Lat splro 'to 
breathe'); Torp-Falk 242; Pokorný I 
796 (to Slav *piskati 'to squeak'); Vrtés 
ANEW 121. 

*fla3an sb.n.: ON flag 'spot where a turf 
has been cut ouť, LG flag, flagg 'fiat lanď. 
Related to *flax Z . Vries ANEW 128 (to 
*flaxanan). 

*fla3Ď(n) sb.f.: Norw dial.y/ňí? 'open sea', E 

flaw 'gust of winď, MLG vlage 'procella'. 

Derived from *flaxanan. Torp-Falk 250; 

Pokorný I 832; Vries ANEW 128 (to 

*flokanan). 

*fla35n sb.f: ON flaga 'slab', MLG vlage 
'layer of earth'. Derived from *fla^an. 
Zupitza Gutt. 130; Torp-Falk 250; Vries 
ANEW 128 (to *flaxz or *flaxanan). 

*flaxanan str.vb.: ON flá 'to flay, to strip 
off the skin', OE fleán id., MDu vlaen id. 
Related to Lith plešiu, plésti 'to tear', Latv 
plést id. (Zupitza Gutt. 190). Fick I 487 
(to Lat plecto 'to beat, to punish'); Persson 
Beitrdge 232-234; Torp-Falk 250; Holt- 
hausen AEE]\ T 107; Jóhannesson IEW 
580-581; Pokorný I 835; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 71; Fraenkel 619; Vries ANEW 
127; Onions 361; Stang LS 42-43; 
Seebold 198. 

*flaxsan sb.n.: OE Jkax 'flax', OFris flax 
id., MLG flas id., OWGflahs id. (mase). 
Identical with Alb plafwool blanket, rug' 
< PAlb *plaxa < *plokso-. Further see 
*flextanan. Torp-Falk 251; Pokorný I 
834-835; Frisk II 557-558; Onions 361; 
Fvluge-Seebold 269; Orel AED 331. 

*flaxto(n) sb.f: Goth flahta 'braiď, ON 
flátta 'mať. Derived from *flextanan. In 
vocalism close to Slav *plotb 'fence' but 
structurally reminding of Gk nA,eKTT| 'coil, 
twisted ropě'. Torp-Falk 251; Feist 
156; Vries ANEW 129; Seebold 199; 
Lehmann GED 1 1 8; Vasmer-Trubachev 
III 285. 



*flaxz sb.f: ONflá 'strip of meadow lanď. 
Structurally close to Gk nXá^ 'fiat land, 
fiat stone'. Further to Lat placeo 'to please, 
to be pleasing', Latv plakt 'to become flať 
(Zupitza Gutt. 130). Torp-Falk 250; 
Walde-Hofmann II 313-314; Pokorný I 
835; Vries ANEW 127; Frisk II 550- 
551. 

*flaixanan ~ *flaixjanan str./wk.vb.: 
Goth ga-plaihan 'to comfort, to admonish' 
(str.), MLG vlěn 'to ask', OHG flěhen 
'to fondle, to caress'. Related to *flaixaz. 
Osthoff PBB XIII 399 (to Lat léna 
'bawď < *tlaic-sna); Torp-Falk 195 (to 
Gk ^.ouKá<; 'whore'). 

*flaixaz adj.: ON flár 'falše, insidious', 
OE fláh 'insidious, artful, deceitful'. Of 
unknown origin. Osthoff PBB XIII 
399 (to Lat léna 'bawd, procuress'); van 
Wijk IF XXIV 236-238 (from *fléwa Z ); 
Zupitza Gutt. 210; Torp-Falk 195; 
Holthausen AEE]V 106; Karsten NB I 
59; Nordmeyer Language XI 219 (to Gk 
ájteiA.é(o 'to promise, to threaten'); Vries 
ANEW 129; Heidermanns 198. 

*flainaz sb.m.: ON fleinn 'bayonet-like 
pike, shaft, darť, OE flán 'dart, arrow' 
(fem., mase). Derived from *fllnanan. 
Torp-Falk 252; Trautmann APSpr. 400 
(to OPrus playnis 'barn, stable', Lith plienas 
id.); Holthausen AEEW 106; Vries 
ANEW 129-130 (to *(s)pd- 'to spliť). 

*flaiskaz sb.n.: ON flesk 'pork', OE fliésc 
'meať (z-stem), OFris flask id., OS flesk 
id., OHG fleisc id. Of uncertain origin. 
Cf. also OE flíéc id. < *flaik- suggesting 
*flaiskaz < *flaik-sk-. Osthoff PBB XIII 
401-403 (reconstructs *plaiskiz, to Lat 
láridum 'fat of bacon, lard'); Torp-Falk 
252 (to *flikkjan); Holthausen AEEh' 
106; Pokorný I 835 (to *fliko)\ Vries 
ANEW 130 (to ON flís 'splinter'); 
Zalizniak II 216; Onions 362. 

*flaizon adj. comp.: ON fleiri 'more'. 
Related to Skt prayah 'more', Gk jtXeícov 
id., Lat plus id. (a contamination of 
*plei-s- and *pleu-s-). Torp-Falk 235; 
Walde-Hofmann II 327-328; Pokorný I 
800; Frisk II 556. 



flakaz 



105 



flauxz 



*flakaz ~ *flakuz adj.: Goth plaqus 'sup- 
ple, tender', MLG vlak 'flať, OHG flah id. 
See *flakan. Zupitza Gutt. 214; Torp- 
Falk 249; Walde-Hofmann II 314; Feist 
499; Pokorný I 832; Onions 364; 
Lehmann GED 363; Heidermanns 199; 
Kluge-Seebold 269, 271. 

*flakk5janan wk.vb.: ON flakka 'to rove 
abouť, MDu vlacken 'to blaze', G dial. 
flacken id. Related to Gk iikáX^m 'to turn 
aside, to turn away' < *nXayyico, with an 
unclear geminate, Lat plango 'to strike, to 
beať. Walde-Hofmann II 315-316; 
Martinet Gém. 170; Pokorný I 832; 
Vries ANEW 128 ("intensive gemina- 
tion"); Frisk II 548-549. 

*flakon sb.m.: ON flaki, fleki 'hurdle, 
shield wicker-work', ME flake, fleke 'stick- 
ing point, hurdle', EFris flake 'floe', OS 
fláka 'foot sole' (fem.). Related to Gk 
Herakl jtXáyo? 'side', Lat plaga 'region, 
quarter, tracť. Torp-Falk 249; Walde- 
Hofmann II 314; Pokorný I 832; Vries 
ANEW 128 (to febcanan). 

*flakuraz adj.: Icel e-m verSur flijkurt 'to feel 
sick', OE flacor 'flickering'. Related to 
*flokanan. Berneker IF LX 364 (to Lat 
flagro 'to fláme, to blaze'); Torp-Falk 
249; Holthausen AEEW 106; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW b!1\ Heidermanns 200 (sec- 
ondary derivation from *flakurqjan). 

*flakur5janan wk.vb.: ON flqkra 'to 
flutter', ME flakeren 'to tremble', MDu 
flackeren 'to flutter', MHG vláčkem 'to 
flicker'. Derived from *flakuraz. Heider- 
manns 200; Kluge-Seebold 269. 

*flasko(n) sb.f.: ON/«á« 'flask', OEflaxe 
id., OHG flasca id. Close to Lith plókščias 
'flať, Slav *ploskb id. or direcdy derived 
from *flataz. Sohróder An~T)A XXIII 
157 (to IE *plě- 'full, to fiU'); Pokorný I 
831; Pisani KZ XC 18-19; Kluge- 
Seebold 270 (from *flaxt-ska-). 

*flataz adj.: ON flatr 'flať, OS flat id., 
OHG flaz id. An irregular continuant 
of IE *plet(s)- 'wide' in the full grade, 
cf. Skt práthas- 'width', Av JiaOah- id., 
Gk Tikáioq id., W llei id. See *flapo(nj. 
Bartholomae 983; Karsten NB II 



372-373; Torp-Falk 251; Mayrhofer II 
364; Pokorný I 834; Vries ANEW 
129 (to Latv plade 'placenta'); Frisk II 
553—554; Onions 360; Heidermanns 
200. 

*flatjan sb.n.: ON flet 'set of benches or 
rooms', OJLflet 'floor, dwelling', OFrisyfett 
'building, house', OS flet, fletti 'quarters, 
chamber', OHG flezzi 'direshing-floor, 
halí'. Derived from *flataz. Torp-Falk 
251; Holthausen AEEW 108; Pokorný I 
834; Vries AMW 130-131; Zalizniak I 
145; Onions 360; Heidermanns 200; 
Kluge-Seebold 275. 

*flatjanan wk.vb.: ON fletja 'to cut open', 
WGmc *flatjan > Frflatir id. Derived from 
*flataz. Gamillsoheg Rom. Germ. I 158; 
Vries ANE1\ T 131. 

*flaj)5(n) sb.f: Norwflade 'small valley, flat 
fielď, OHG flada 'a kind of thin and wide 
cake', mase. flado id. A regular reflex of 
IE *plet(d)- 'wide', cf. *flataz. Torp-Falk 
251; Pokorný I 834. 

*flaj)r5janan ~ *flej3rojanan wk.vb.: 
ON fladra 'to fawn', MHG vladem 'to 
flutter', OHG flediron 'to be careless, 
mindless'. Of imitative origin. Torp- 
Falk 251; Vries ANEW 127 (to MDu 
vleder, a crossing of *fepro and *fleu3an). 

*flau3iz adj.: ONjkygr 'able to fly', OHG 
wint-flougi 'flying, soaring'. Derived from 
*fleu3anan. Torp-Falk 254; Matzel 
Festschr. Schroder 96, AŽTJ CV 98; Heider- 
manns 200-201. 

*flau3Janan wk.vb.: ON fleygja 'to cause 
to fly, to throw', OFris flágia 'to flee'. 
Probably also Goth usflaugjan 'to carry 
abouť if this reading is to be preferred to 
us-walugjan (see *walyjanan ~ *wal3qjanan). 
Causative of 'fleujanan. Braune LGRP 
XXLX 328 (on the reading of the Gothic 
word); Torp-Falk 254; Feist 530; Vries 
ANElť 131; Seebold 201, 518; Lehmann 
GED 381. 

*flauxz sb.m./f: ONjío 'flea', OE/m id., 
MLG vlo id., OHG floh id. Somehow dis- 
tandy related to Skt plúsi- id., Arm lu id., 
Alb plesht id. < *pleu-s-ta. The influence 
of *fleuxanan is possible. Meillet MSL 



flauxz 



106 



fl(e)u3on 



XXII 142; Torp-Falk 195-196 (to 
*jieuxanan); Holthausen AEE1\' 107 
Mayrhofer II 386-387; Pokorný I 102 
Vries ANEW 132; Zalizniak II 207 
Onions 361; Lehmann GED 363; Kluge- 
Seebold 274; Orel AED 333. 

*flaumaz sb.m.: ON flaumr 'eddy, crowď, 
OHG weralt-floum 'transitoriness of the 
woriď. Derived from *flowarum. Struc- 
turally similar with Gk nkv\ia 'water 
in which somediing has been washeď. 
Zupitza Gutt. 74; Torp-Falk 253; 
Pokorný I 836; Vries ANEW 129 (recon- 
structs *flau3maz); Seebold 204. 

*flautaz adj.: Goth flauts 'boastful, con- 
ceiteď, OHG adv. flóz-líhlw 'effusive'. 
Derived from *fleutanan (Grienberger Got. 
70). Holthausen AnzZJiA XXIV 34 (to 
Lat plaudo 'to slap, to beať); Endzelin K^ 
LI 258 (to Latv plaudis 'bream, Gyprinus 
brama'); Feist 156; Pokorný I 837; 
Lehmann GED 118; Heidermanns 201. 

*flautjanan wk.vb.: ON jteyta 'to float, to 
lift', MLG floten 'to drive', OHG flozzen 
'to flow'. Causative of *fleutanan. Torp- 
Falk 255; Vries ANEW 131; Seebold 
203. 

*flautiz ~ *flautjon sb.f: ON pl. Jlautir 
'a kind of whipped milk', OF.fliéte 'cream, 
curds'. Derived from *jteutanan. Torp- 
Falk 255; Holthausen AEE]\ r 108; 
Vries ANEW 129. 

*flawjan sb.n.: ON fley 'a kind of ship'. 
Identical with Toch B plewe 'ferry, ship', 
Gk rcXolov 'ship'. For further connections 
see *floduz. Torp-Falk 253; Porzig 
Gliederung 186; Pokorný I 836; Vries 
ANEW 131; Frisk II 559-560; Lehmann 
GED 119; Burlak IFTJa 250. 

*flawjanan wk.vb.: OHG flewen 'to rinse'. 
Glose to Skt plaváyati 'to cause to swim, to 
bathe, to submerge', Slav *plujq, *ploviti 
'to swim'. See *flóiuz. Torp-Falk 253- 
254; Mayrhofer II 384-385; Pokorný I 
835-837; Vasmer-Trubaohev III 271 
272. 

*flextanan str.vb.: OE flohten-fóte 'web- 
footeď, OS flehtan 'to braiď, OHG flehtan 
id. Related to Lat plectó 'to plait, to 



braiď, Slav *pletq, *plesti 'to weave'. 
Further connected with Gk nkíyna 'to 
weave, to braiď, Lat plico 'to fold to- 
gether' (extracted from prefixal verbs, cf. 
ex-plico). Persson Beitráge 346; Zupitza 
Gutt. 190; Torp-Falk 250-251; Traut- 
mann £511^224; Holthausen AEEW 107; 
Walde-Hofmann II 321; Jóhannesson 
IEW 580; Pokorný I 834-835; Vries 
ANEW 131; Frisk II 557-558; Seebold 
198-199; Vasmer-Trubaohev III 280; 
Lehmann GED 118; Kluge-Seebold 
271. 

*flext5n sb.f./m.: ON flétta 'braiď, OE 
fieohta 'hurdle', OHG flehta 'braiď. De- 
rived from *flextanan. Torp-Falk 251. 

*flekkaz sb.m.: ON flekkr 'spot, fleck', 
MLG vleke 'plot of lanď (fem.), OHG flec 
'stain, fleck'. Probably related to *flakaz ~ 
*flakuz. Torp-Falk 250; Martinet Gém. 
197; Vries ANEW 130 (to *felxanan); 
Sommer Schr. 15 (to *flíko); Lůhr Expr. 
216-218; Kluge-Seebold 271. 

*flekkójanan wk.vb.: ON jiekka 'to fleck, 
to stain', MDu vlecken id., OHG gi-fleckón 
id. Derived from *flekkaz. Vries ANEIV 
130. 

*fleu3anan str.vb.: ON fljúga 'to fly', OE 
fleó^an id., OFrisyfragň id., MLG vlegen id., 
OHG fliogan id. Derivationally close to 
Lith plaukiu, plaůkti 'to swim' (Fraenkel 
IF L 229). Further related to Toch A />/«- 
'to fly', Skt pláváte 'to float, to swim', Gk 
TÍkítň 'to swim (on a ship)', Lith pláuju, 
pláuti 'to rinse, to wash', Slav *plovq, *pluti 
id. Zupitza Gutt. 130; Torp-Falk 254; 
Trautmann BS]\ t 223-224; Feist 530- 
531; Holthausen AEEW 107; Jóhannes- 
son IEW 575-578; Mayrhofer II 383- 
384; Pokorný I 837; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 76; Fraenkel 608; Vries ANEW 
132; Frisk II 559-560; Onions 365; 
Stang LS 42; Seebold 201-202; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 288-289; Lehmann GED 
130; Kluge-Seebold 272. 

*fl(e)u3Ón sb.f.: ON fluga 'fly, moth', OE 
fleó 3 e 'fly', MLG vlěge id., OHG flioga 
id. Derived from *fieu 3 anan. Zupitza 
Gutt. 130; Torp-Falk 254; Holthausen 



fl(e)u3on 



107 



flocíuz 



AEEW 107; Pokorný I 837; Vries 
ANEW 134; Zalizniak I 155; Onions 
365. 

*fleuxanan str.vb.: Goth pliuhan 'to flee', 
ON pret. fló id., OE fleón id., OFris flia 
id., OS fliohan id., OHG fliohan id. Cf. also 
ON wk. flýja id. < *fleuxjanan. The com- 
parison with *fleu^anan (Zupitza Gutt. 
131) of which *fleuxanan is an early lexi- 
calized variant is decisive in postulating 
the Gothic change *fl- > pl- in unknown 
phonological conditions. Osthoff PBB 
XIII 412—415 (to Lat locusta 'grasshopper, 
shellfish, lobster'); Loewenthal ANF 
XXXV 238-239 (to Slav *tblpa 'crowď), 
PBB XLLX 419; Torp-Falk 195-196; 
Feist 499-500; Holthausen AEEW 107 
(samé as Zupitza); Jóhannesson IEW 
578; Pokorný I 837; Fraenkel 608; 
Vries ANE]V 134; Onions 361; Seebold 
517-518; Lehmann GED 363; Kluge- 
Seebold 273. 

*fleutan sb.n.: ON fljót 'river' (mainly in 
rvn.), OJLfleót 'bay, gulf, river; raft, ship' 
(mase), MLG flět 'river' (mase, neut.). 
Derived from *fleutanan. Substantivized 
*fleutaz? Torp-Falk 255; Holthausen 
AEEW 107; Vries ANEW 132; Onions 
361; Lerchner 253. 

*fleutanan str.vb.: ON fijóta 'to floať, OE 
fleótan id., OFris fliáta id., OS fliotan id., 
OHG fliozan id. Related to Lith plustu, 
plusů 'to flow, to stream', Latv plustu, plůst 
'to pour out, to flow' continuing *pleud-, 
an extension of IE *pku- (Aufrecht KZ I 
119), cf. also Olr luaidid 'to move'. See 
*flowanan. Torp-Falk 255; Holthausen 
AEEW 107; Jóhannesson IEW 575-578; 
Pokorný I 837; Fraenkel 634; Vries 
A/VET T 132; Onions 361; Seebold 202- 
204; Lehmann GED 1 19; Kluge-Seebold 
273. 

*fleutaz adj.: ON fljót 'fleet, swifť, Efleet 
'quick, fasť, MDu adv. vliet, vliete 'swift, 
hurrieď. Derived from *fleutcinan. Struc- 
turally close to Olr lúath id. (Windisch 
KZ XXI 431). Torp-Falk 255; Kar- 
sten M II 401-402; Vries ANEW 132; 
Heidermanns 202. 



*flikkjan sb.n.: ON flikki 'flitch (of bacon)', 
OE fikce id., MLG vlicke id. Related to 
*flíkó. Torp-Falk 252; Holthausen 
AEEW 108; Vries ANEW 131; Onions 
363. 

*flintaz sb.m.: OE flint id., MLG vlint-sten 
'flintstone'. Cf. also MLG vlins id., OHG 
flins id. (Kuhn KZ I 380). Borrowed from 
the samé unknown source as Gk jiXív9o<; 
'brick, tile'. Torp-Falk 253; Gúntert 
Labyrinth 22; Kretschmer Glotta XXIII 
12; Holthausen AEEW 108; Vries 
ANEW 131; Frisk II 562-563; Onions 
362. 

*flíkó sb.f: ON flík 'tatter, rag'. Deri- 
vationally close to Lith plyša 'tear, break, 
spliť, further connected to Lith plýšti 
'to burst, to tear'. Torp-Falk 252 (to 
Lith pléikéti 'to become rough (of a face)'); 
Pokorný I 835; Fraenkel 625; Vries 
ANEW lil. 

*flínanan str.vb.: Norw dial. flinci 'to 
whine'. Related to Lith plýnas 'even, bald' 
(Torp-Falk 252). The meaning in Gmc 
is secondary as attested by the derivative 
*fiainaz. Pokorný I 834. 

*flódan sb.n.: ONflód 'lide, flooď, OEflód 
'flow, wave, tide', OFris flod id. Derived 
from *flowanan. Torp-Falk 254; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 109; Seebold 204. 

*flódiz sb.f: ON flmSr 'flood-tide, high 
water', OS flod 'tide, torrenť, OHG fluot 
id. See *flóduz. Torp-Falk 254; See- 
bold 204. 

*fl5djanan wk.vb.: ON flada 'to flood 
over', OE flédan id., MDu vloeden id., 
MHG vlúeten id. Derived from *floduz. 
Holthausen AEEW 109; Vries ANE]\ t 
135. 

*flóáuz sb.m.: Goth jlodus 'stream', OEflód 
'flow, wave, tide', OS flod id., OHG fluot 
id. Close to Gk nXanóq 'floating'. Further 
derived from *flowanan. Torp-Falk 254: 
Holthausen AEEW 109; Feist 156-157 
Pokorný I 836-837; Vries ANEW 133 
Zalizniak II 216; Onions 363; Frisk II 
565-566; Seebold 204; Lehmann GED 
118; Bammesberger Nora. 159—160; 
Fvluge-Seebold 277. 



floxo 



108 



fluiijtron 



*fl5xo sb.f.: ON fló 'layer', OE flóh 'frag- 
ment, piece', OHG Jtuoh 'rock, clifF. 
Related to *flaxanan. Zupitza Gutt. 130; 
Holthausen AEEW 109; Vries AMEW 
132; Rluge-Seebold 276. 

*flókanan str.vb.: Goth jiokan 'to bewail, 
to mourn', ON flókinn 'bewilclered, unset- 
tleď, OE flocan 'to clap, to strike', OS 
jiokan 'to curse', OHG widarfluohhan 'to 
revile'. Related to Gk nXaífň 'to make 
roam, to misleaď, Lat plango 'to bewail, 
to strike'. See *flakkojanan. Torp-Falk 
250; Feist 157; Holthausen AEEW 109; 
Walde-Hofmann II 3 1 5-3 1 6; Jóhannes- 
son IEW 573; Pokorný I 832-833; Frisk 
II 548-549; Seebold 205-206; Lehmann 
GED 119; Kxuge-Seebold 275. 

*flókanaz ~ *flókenaz adj.: ON flókinn 
'clotted, entangleď, OFris ur-fldkin, OS 
far-flócan 'curseď. Derived from *flokaiian. 
Lehmann GED 119. 

*flókon ~ *flókan sb.m./n.: ON flóki 
'felt, hair', OEflóc id. Related to *flakai ~ 
flakuz. Zupitza Gutt. 214; Holthausen 
AEEW 109; Vries AMEl\ r 133; Onions 
364. 

*flóraz sb.m.: ON flór 'floor, pavemenť, 
OE>V 'floor', MDu vloer id., MHG vluor 
'fielď. Related to Olr lár 'floor', W llawr 
(Fick KZ I 366-367: further to Lat 
plánus 'flať, Lith plóti 'to flatten'). Cf. also 
Lat ex-ploro 'to search out, to examine' 
based on *plóro- 'grounď. Kuhn ]VF 
XII 8; Torp-Falk 249; Holthausen 
AEEW 109; Walde-Hofmann I 430-431; 
Porzig 119; Pokorný I 806; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 98; Vries AMEW 133; 
Onions 363; Kluge-Seebold 276. 

*fl5wanan str.vb.: OTLflówan 'to flow'. Cf. 
also ON wh.flóa 'to overflow' < *flowenan. 
Long grade of IE *pleu-, see *floáuz. Cf. 
in particular Gk Ion TÍkám 'to sail', 
Slav *plavati 'to swim'. Torp-Falk 254; 
Trautmann BS]V 223; Holthausen 
AEEW 1 10; Jóhannesson IEW 575-578; 
Pokorný I 835-837; Vries AMEW 132; 
Frisk II 565-566; Onions 364; Seebold 
204-205; Vasmer-Trubachev III 271; 
Lehmann GED 119. 



*flówěn sb.m.: ON flói 'marshy moor'. 
Derivationally close to Olr ló 'water' < 
*plouo-. Further see *flowanan. Saxén 
SNF 1/3 60; Torp-Falk 254; Vries 
AMEW 133. 

*flu3an sb.n.: ON flog 'flighť, OE 3e-flo3 
'infectious disease', MLG vloch 'flighť. 
Derived from *fleuyinan. Torp-Falk 254; 
Holthausen AEEW 109; Vries AMEW 
133. 

*flu3Íz sb.m.: ON flugr 'flighť, OEflj>3e id., 
OS flugi id., OYíG flug id. Derived from 
*fleu3anan. Torp-Falk 254; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 110; Pokorný I 837; Vries 
AMEW 134; Zalizniak II 186; Seebold 
201; Lehmann GED 363; Bammesberger 
Mom. 130. 

*flu3Jan sb.n.: ON flygi 'flying insecť, E 
fledge id., MHG adj. vliicke 'fledged, flying'. 
Cf. also *flu3án > ON fluga 'fly'. Derived 
from *fleu3anan. Pokorný I 837; Vries 
AME1\' 134; Zalizniak I 155. 

*flu3ulaz adj.: ON flogall 'volatile', OE 
flu3ol 'apt to fly, flying swiftiy, swifť. 
Derived from *fleu3anan. Karsten MB 
II 276, 286; Holthausen AEEII' 110; 
Heidermanns 204. 

*fluxton ~ *fluxtjaz sb.m.: ON flótti 
'flighť, OE flyht id., OFris flecht id., OS 
fluht id., OHG íem.fluht id. Derived from 
*fleu3anan. Holthausen AEEW 110; 
Vries AMEW 134; Onions 362; Lehmann 
GED 363. 

*flukkaz sb.m.: ON flokkr 'troop, band, 
crowď, OE flocc 'flock, band, company', 
MLG vlocke 'flock'. Historically identical 
with WGmc *flukkon 'snowflake': MLG 
vlocke, OHG flocko (Torp-Falk 254) 
further compared with Lith pláukas 
'hair', Latv pl. plauki 'snowflakes'. Mat- 
zenauer LF LI 125-126; Holthausen 
AEEW 109; Martinet Gém. 197; 
Pokorný I 837; Vries AMEW 133 (to 
*fleu3anan)\ Onions 363; Lerchner 253. 

*flunpron ~ *flunprjon sb.f: ON flydra 
'flounder', MLG vlundere 'thin boarď. 
Somehow connected with Lat pluteus 
'penthouse, sheď, Lith plautas 'porch of 
the beehive', Latv plauts 'shelf. Torp- 



flunJ)ron 



109 



foljanan 



Falk 251 (to *flapo(n)); Pokorný I 838; 
Vries ANEW 134. 

*flutan sb.n.: ON á flot 'afloať, OE flot 
Vater deep enough for sustaining a ship, 
sea', MDu slot 'flow', OHGJluz 'current, 
flow' (mase). Derived from *fleutanan. 
Torp-Falk 255; Holthausen AEEW 
109; Vries ANEW 134; Seebold 203. 

*flutójanan wk.vb.: ON flota 'to floať, 
OE flotian id., OS floton id. Derived from 
*flutan. Holthausen AEE}V 110; Vries 
ANEW 134; Onions 363. 

*flutón sb.m.: ON fioti 'fleet, floať, OE 
flota 'ship, fleeť, MLG slote id. Derived 
from *fleutanan. Torp-Falk 255; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 109; Vries ANEW 134; 
Seebold 203; Kluge-Seebold 275. 

*flúj3Ď sb.f: ONy?áá 'low skerries flooded 
by the sea'. Derivationally close to 
Skt pluta- 'floated, swimming in', Latv 
pluts 'rafť. Further related to *fleutanan. 
Torp-Falk 253; Holthausen AEE~W 
107; Mayrhofer II 386; Pokorný I 
835-836; Vries ANEW 134. 

*fnasan sb.n.: Norw fnas 'awn (of corn)', 
OE fnďs 'fringe'. Of unknown origin. 
Torp-Falk 245 (to ON fnasa 'to sneeze, 
to snorť). 

*fneusanan ~ *fnúsanan str.vb.: ON 
fnýsa 'to sneeze', OE fnisan 'to sneeze', 
MDu Jniesen id., MHG pjkusen id. Pro- 
bably related to Gk jrvéco 'to blow'. 
Torp-Falk 245; Holthausen AEE1\ t 
110; Pokorný I 839; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 109; Vries ANEW 136; Frisk II 
566-567. 

*fodisló(n) sb.f: ON>~/a 'fooď, OEfédesl 

'feeder', MDu voetsel 'fooď, OHG neut. 

fuotisal 'fodder, grazing'. Derived from 

*fodjanan. Holthausen AEEW 111; 

Vries ANEW 150. 

*foďjanan wk.vb.: Goth fodjan 'to feed, to 
nourish', ONfada id., OE/édan id., OFris 
fodia id., OS fódian id., OHG fuoten id. 
Derived from *foddn. Torp-Falk 223; 
Feist 157; Holthausen AEE]V 111; 
Pokorný I 787; Vries ANEW 149; 
Onions 349; Lehmann GED 1 1 9; Kluge- 
Seebold 293. 



*foďon sb.m.: OE fóda 'food, nourish- 
menť. An archaism based on IE *pá-\ 
Hitt pahš- 'to defend, to guard', Toch A 
pas-, B pásk- 'to guard', Lat pasco 'to feed, 
to pasture'. Holthausen AEEW 110; 
Walde-Hofmann II 260; Pokorný I 787; 
Onions 368; Lehmann GED 119; Burlak 
IFTJa 248. 

*fočtran I sb.n.: Goůifodr 'casing, sheath', 
ON fóúr 'lining' (*-p-), MLGfóder 'casing, 
sheath', OHG fuotar id. Identical with 
Hitt pattar 'basket', Toch B patro- 'vessel 
for alms', Skt neut. patra- 'receptacle, ves- 
sel'. Torp-Falk 223; Feist 157-158; 
Mayrhofer II 252-253; Pokorný I 839; 
Vries ANEW 136 (identical with *f odrati 
II); Zalizniak I 140; Onions 370; 
Lehmann GED 120; Bammesberger Nom. 
86; Kluge-Seebold 293. 

*foďran II sb.n.: ON fóir 'fodder' (*->-), 
OE Jódder id., MLG voder id., OHG fuotar 
id. From IE *pa-tro- also attested in Arm 
hawran 'herd' and belonging to IE *pa- 'to 
graze'. See *fodon. Holthausen AEE]\ t 
110; Pokorný I 787; Vries ANE]V 136; 
Zalizniak I 140; Onions 366; Kluge- 
Seebold 293. 

ío3Janan wk.vb.: OE fé^an 'to join, to 
bind', OFris jóga id., OS fogian id., OHG 
fuogen id. Derivationally close to Skt 
pasáyati 'to bind'. Further cf. Gk 7tr|yvt)|ji 
'to stick, to fix', Lat pango 'to fasten, to 
fix', Lith pudšti 'to adorn'. See *Janxanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 111; Walde- 
Hofmann II 245-246; Pokorný I 797; 
Fraenkel 669; Frisk II 525-526; Leh- 
mann GED 102; Kluge-Seebold 289- 
290. 

*foljanan wk.vb.: OEfélan 'to feel', OFris 
jela id., OS gi-folian id., OHG fuolen 
id. Derivative of *fallanan semantically 
similar to such phrases as E to jali in 
love. Of. in particular the meanings in 
Baltic: Lith púolu, púlti 'to falF, Latv 
pult id. as opposed to OPrus au-pallai 'to 
finď. Holthausen AEE]\ t 111; Onions 
349 (to *fulmo 'palm'); Kluge-Seebold 
290 (to Lat palpo 'to stroke, to touch, to 
pať). 



foriz 



110 



fragjanan 



*fóriz adj.: ON fitrr 'able, capable', OE 
fere 'passable', OFris fere 'conducive', 
OHG gi-Juori 'appropriate, suitable'. 
Derived from *faranan. Karsten MB I 
112-113; Torp-Falk 230; Holthausen 
AEEW 111; Vries AMEW 150; Seebold 
188; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 104, KZ 
CV 119; Heidermanns 205-206. 

*forjan sb.n.: ON tor-firi 'difficult pas- 
sage', OFris fere 'utility', OS gi-fori id., 
OHG gi-fuori 'favorable condition, utility, 
house'. Derived from *foriz. Torp-Falk 
230; Vries AMEW 150; Seebold 188; 
Heidermanns 206. 

*forjanan wk.vb.: ON fara 'to bring', OE 
féran 'to go, to travel, to march', OFris 
fěra 'to bring', OS forian 'to lead, to 
convey', OHG fuoren id. Causative of 
*faranan. Cf. Skt paráyati, causative of 
píparti 'to bring over', Slav *pariti 'to soar'. 
Torp-Falk 230; Holthausen AEE1\' 
111; Vries AMEW 150; Seebold 188; 
Lehmann GED 108; Vasmer-Trubachev 
III 207; Kluge-Seebold 290. 

*forjón sb.f: ON ó-fmra 'dangerous situa- 
tion', OHG un-gi-fuora 'unfavorable condi- 
tion'. Derived from *foriz. Heidermanns 
206. 

*f5stra-br5běr sb.m.: ON fóstr-bródir 
'foster-brother, OE fister-bródor id. Com- 
pound of *fb~stran and *brope>: Carr 
Mom. comp. 54. 

*fostra-faděr sb.m.: ON fistr-fadir 'foster- 
father', OE fister-feder id. Compound of 
*fostran and *faděr. Carr Mom. comp. 54. 

*fostra-lančtan sb.n.: ON fistr-land 
'native lanď, OE fister-land 'land assigned 
for the procuring of provisions'. Com- 
pound of *fostran and Handan. Carr 
Mom. comp. 80 (parallel formations). 

*fostra-launan sb.n.: ON fóstr-laun 
'reward for fostering', OE fóster-leán 
'remuneration for rearing a foster-chilď. 
Compound of *fostran and *launan. 
Carr Mom. comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*fostra-m5děr sb.m.: ON fóstr-módir 
'fostermother', OE fóster-módor id., OLG 
fóstar-muoder id. Compound of *fostran and 
*moděr. Carr Mom. comp. 47—48. 



*fostran sb.n.: ON fóstr 'fostering', OE 
fóster id., MLGfóster id. Related to *fodon. 
Goes back to *p5t-tro-, cf. Gk jtaxáo|jai 
'to eat and drink', Lat pasco 'to feed, 
to pasture', Mír ás 'growth' < *pát-to-. 
Torp-Falk 223; Holthausen AEEW 
113; Walde-Hofmann II 260; Pokorný 
I 787; Vries AMEW 139; Frisk II 
480; Lehmann GED 1 1 9; Bammesberger 
Mom. 87. 

*f5stra-swestěr sb.f: ON fóstr-systir 
'fostersister', OE fóster-sweostor id. Com- 
pound of *fostran and *swester. Carr 
Mom. comp. 54. 

*fotiďaz adj.: ON -fmttr 'wiťh feeť, OE 
-féted id., MLG -vceted id. Derived from 
*fótz ~ *fotuz. Holthausen AEEW 111; 
Vries AME1\ t 150. 

*fót(u)-burdan sb.n.: Goth fotu-baurd 
'foot-stool', ON fót-bord id. compound of 
*jbtz ~ *Jotuz and *purdan. Carr Mom. 
comp. 67. 

*fot(u)-spuran sb.n.: ON fót-spor 'foot- 
prinť, OE fót-spor 'foot-track, foot-trace', 
MLG vbt-spor id., OHG fuozspor id. 
Compound of *fotz ~ *fotuz and *spuran. 
Carr Mom. comp. 72 (parallel formations). 

*fot(u)-werkaz sb.m.: ON fót-verkr 'gouť, 
OE mase. fót-uxerc 'pain in the fooť. 
Compound of *fotz ~ *fotuz and *werkaz. 
Carr Mom. comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*fotz ~ *fotuz sb.m.: Goth fotus 'fooť, 
ON fotr id., OE fit id., OFris fot id., 
OS fot id. (sg. z-stem), OHG fuoz id. (sg. 
z-stem). Related to Hitt pata- id., Toch A 
pem, B paiyye id., Skt pad- id., Av pad- id., 
Arm pl. ot-k' id., Gk Jtoúq, Dor nmq id., 
Lat pes id. Bartholomae 842; Torp- 
Falk 225-226; Holthausen AEEW 113; 
Walde-Hofmann II 293-294; Feist 
159-160; Specht 82; Mayrhofer II 249 
Pokorný I 790-791; Vries AMEW 139 
Zalizniak II 207; Frisk II 587-588 
Onions 368; Sommer Schr. 13-15 
Lehmann GED 121; Bammesberger Mom. 
198; Griepentrog I Vurzelnomina 153- 
170; Kluge-Seebold 293; Adams TB 
401-402. 

*fra3Janan wk.vb.: Goth fiagjan 'to ask, to 



fra3Janan 



111 



frankon 



tesť. Alternatively can be reconstructed 
as str. *jra^anan. Identical with UiŮi prašýti 
'to ask, to requesť, Slav *prositi id. See 
*fřexnanan ~ *Jrejnanan. Grienberger 
Got. 72; Feist 160; Pokorný I 821-822; 
Fraenkel 647; Lehmann GED 121. 

*fraisanan str.vb.: Goth jřaisan 'to put to 
the test, to tempť. Cf. WGmc *Jrais5: 
OFris Jřase 'danger, hazard', OS jrěsa 
'damage', OHG freisa 'setting, down- 
fall, destruction'. Derived from *fraipaz. 
Bugge PBB XXIV 435-436 (from *per- 
ei); Brugmann Grundújt I 925 (compound 
*Jřa-isanan, to ON eisa 'to shower down 
(embers)'); Hoffmann Festschr. Fick 38 
(compound related to *aiskdjanan)\ Torp- 
Falk 245; Holthausen AEE]V 1 15; Feist 
162-163; Seebold 207 (to Gk jteípa 
'trial, attempť); Lehmann GED 123. 

*fraibaz adj.: OS fiěthi 'renegade, run- 
away', OHG Jřeidi 'run-away, heretic'. 
Identical with Skt préta- 'deaď < *pro-i- 
to-, cf. further OPhryg proitavos (a title). 
Hirt IF XXXVII 235-236; Mayrhofer 
II 353; Pokorný I 295; Heidermanns 
207-208 (secondary jn-stems). 

*fraiwan sb.n.: Goůifraiw 'seeď, ONjřf, 
Jijó id. Of unknown etymology. Meyer 
KZ VIII 248 (to Gk aTteípco 'to strew'); 
Diefenbach V\V I 398; Wiedemann BB 
XXVIII 43—44 (to Lat praegnans 'preg- 
nanť); Osthoff PBB XX 95-96 (< IE 
*pro-iuom, to *ei- 'to go'); Bugge PBB 
XXrV 457 (to Lat pário 'to bring forth'); 
Wiedemann BB XXVIII 43-44 (recon- 
structs *jřaÍ3wan, to Lat praegnans 'preg- 
nanť); Petersson Aufs. 50 (from 
*JraÍ3wan, to Gk jtépKT| 'bass', with the 
originál meaning 'sprayed ouť); Torp- 
Falk 245; Feist 163; Vries AMEW 145; 
Onions 379; Lehmann GED 123; 
Bammesberger Nom. 70. 

*fraiwjaz adj.: ON Jřjór 'fertile'. Derived 
from *Jřaiwan. Wiedemann BB XXVIII 
43 (from *JraÍ3wjaz, to Lat praegnans 'preg- 
nanť); Torp-Falk 245; Onions 379. 

*frak(k)az adj.: ONorw frakkr 'brave', OE 
Jřac 'voracious, greedy', MLG vrak id. An 
ablaut variant of *frekaz. Forster EngS 



XXXLX 327-339; Holthausen AEE\Y 
114; Vries AMEl\ r 139; Lehmann GED 
103; Heidermanns 208-209. 

*frama prep.: Goth prep. Jřam 'forward; 
from', ON Jřá, Jřam id., OE Jřam 'from', 
OS Jřam 'forward; from', OHG Jřam 
id. See *Jramaz. Torp-Falk 232; Holt- 
hausen AEE1\ T 114; Feist 164; Onions 
378; Pokorný I 814-815; Vries A]ÍE]\ 7 
139-140; Lehmann GED 124. 

*framaj}janan wk.vb.: Goth Jramapjan 
'to estrange', OE á-Jemdan 'to alienate', 
MLG ent-vromeden id., OHG Jremiden id. 
Derived from *Jramapjaz. Feist 164; 
Lehmann GED 124. 

*framaj)jaz adj.: Goth fiamapeis 'strange, 
foreign', OE Jřemde id., OFris Jřemethe id., 
OS Jremithi id., OHG Jremidi id. Based on 
unattested *fiamapaz, further connected 
with *Jramaz. Holthausen AEE]V 115; 
Feist 164; Lehmann GED 124; Kluge- 
Seebold 285. 

*framaz adj.: Goth comp. adv.Jřamis 'far- 
ther, further', ON jřamr, comp. Jřemr 'for- 
ward', OE Jřam 'valiant, stout, firm', 
MHG Jřam 'forward'. Related to Gk 
7tpónoi; 'foremost man, chief, Umbr 
promom 'primům'. Maybe, further con- 



nected with *fru 



*Jh 



Stokes 



BB XXIII 321 (to Olr riam 'beforehanď); 
Torp-Falk 232-233; Feist 164; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 1 14; Karsten MB II 442; 
Sohulze Kl. Schr. 310 (derives Jtpónoq 
from Ttpónaxoq); Pokorný I 814-815; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 109; Vries ANE\V 
140-141; Frisk II 600; Onions 378; 
Chantratne 941; Lehmann GED 124; 
Bammesberger JVom. 245; Heidermanns 
209; Kluge-Seebold 287. 

*framjanan wk.vb.: ON Jřemja 'to further, 
to promote', OE Jřamian 'to avail, to 
profit', OFris Jřema, jřemma 'to promote', 
OS Jremmian id., OHG Jremmen id. 
Derived from *Jramaz. Holthausen 
AEEW 115; Vries AMEW 141. 

*frankón sb.m./f: ON Jřakka 'javelin, 
dart', OKJranca 'javelin, laňce'. Unclear. 
Cf. also ON Jurkr 'spear'. Torp-Falk 
246 (to Lat-Gmc Jřamea 'spear, javelin'). 



frastiz 



112 



fre3nanan 



*frastiz sb.m.: Goth fiasts 'child, offspring'. 
Together with Slav *prostb 'simple, free' 
continues IE *pro-sta- (Uhlenbeck PBB 
XXVII 119), a prefixal derivative of 
*stá- 'to stanď (cf. Tornovist SJV XIII 
305—307). For the semantic connection 
between Gmc and Slav cf. Lat liberi 
'children' (Benveniste IEL 262-272). 
Grimm-Grimm TV/ 1/1 64 (to Goth fiap- 
jan 'to perceive, to understanď — semanti- 
cally plausible in view of Slav *otrokb)\ 
Kluge R'Z XXV 313 (to Lat prales 
'descendanť); Kógel ~DADL XXXVII 
218 (to Lat pário 'to give birth'); Char- 
pentier KZ XL 456 (from *prod-ti-)\ 
Osthoff PBB XX 89-91 (to *sň- 'to 
sow', from *pro-s(s)tis, or to Lat prósápia 
'stock, family'); Meillet MSL XII 219 
(reconstructs *pro-s)—ti-, to *sa- 'to sow'); 
Charpentier A~^XL 456 (to Avfiad- 'to 
cultivate'); Petersson Aufs. 13 (to Slav 
*proso 'milleť); Torp-Falk 232; Feist 
165; Mezger Language XLX 262-263 
(from *pro-s-tio-)\ Vasmer-Trubachev III 
380; Lehmann GED 125-126 (a nursery 
word or cognate of *fraw(j)ori). 

*fratwjanan wk.vb.: Goth us-fratwjan 
'to make wise, to instrucť, OE fitetwian 
'to adorn, to deek, to embroider'. De- 
rived from *fiatwo. Holthausen AEEH r 
114; Feist 531; Sturtevant JEGP 
XXXVI 181-182 (on the semantic devel- 
opment in Gothic); Lehmann GED 381 — 
382. 

*fraťw5 sb.f: OE pl. fietwe 'ornament, 
adornment, decoration'. Unclear. Prob- 
ably continues IE *pro do-. Grien- 
berger Got. 231 (prefixed form related to 
*těwó); Hollander ZP>Yf VII 301 (to 
Hawjanan); Holthausen AEE\V 114; 
Feist 474-475; Lehmann GED 381-382. 

*frabaz adj.: OHG fiad 'strong, able'. Cf. 
also Goth frapi 'understanding' < *frapjan. 
Related to *frodaz. Trautmann BS)V 
230; Feist 165-166; Pokorný I 845; 
Lehmann GED 126. 

*frajíjanan str.vb.: Goth frapjan 'to per- 
ceive, to understanď. Derived from *fra- 
paz. Fick KZ XX 449; Torp-Falk 246; 



Feist 165-166; Seebold 208; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 65. 

*fraut>5(n) sb.f: ON fraud 'froth', ME 
frode id. Derived from *fiawaz. Torp- 
Falk 248. 

*frawa-líkaz adj.: ON frá-ligr 'swift, 
quick', OHG frawa-líh 'happy, merry'. 
Derived from *jrawaz. Heidermanns 
211. 

*frawaz adj.: ON^/ra?" 'swifť, ME adv.jrow 
'hurriedly', OFris fiě 'glad, happy', OS 
fra id., OTTQ fró id. Probably related to 
Av fiavi- 'mobile (?)', Slav *pra~ďb 'right, 
straighť < *pr5uos. Osthoff Etym. 336— 
340 (to Skt práváte 'to spring up' < *pleu-)\ 
Torp-Falk 233; Pokorný I 845; Vries 
AjVEW 140; Onions 378; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 352; Abaev VJa XXXI/2 
22 (on Av); Heidermanns 211-212; 
Kluge-Seebold 287. 

*fraw(j)5n sb.m.: Goth ji auj a 'lord, mas- 
ter', ON theon. Freyr, OTLjřeá 'lord, mas- 
ter', OFris fia id., OS fióho,fia : ho id., fióio 
id., OHG fid id. Derived from IE *pro 
'forward' > Gmc *fra- (Streitberg PBB 
XIV 186). Budenz KZ VIII 289 (to 
Lat prouincia 'province'); Schmidt KZ 
XXVI 15, Voc. I 107 (samé as Budenz); 
Osthoff IF VIII 53 (follows Streitberg); 
Mikkola Festschr. Streitberg 270 (to Slav 
*pravo 'right, law'); Marstrander NTS III 
123-124, 153 (compound close to Skt 
pra-avati 'to be merciful'); Torp-Falk 233 
(from *frawaz); Holthausen AEE]V 1 15 — 
116; Feist 166; Langenhove LSTT 56-59 
(compound of *per- 'to possess' and *Heu- 
'vital force'); Pokorný I 813-815 (related 
to *pfuo- 'firsť); Vries AMEW 142; 
Zalizniak II 216; Lindeman Verschdrfung 
16.8; Benveniste IEL 274; Lehmann 
GED 126-127; Bammesberger Nom. 183; 
Kluge-Seebold 283. 

*frawjon sb.f: ON jřeyja 'lady', Freyja 
(name of goddess), OS jřúa id., OHG 
jřouwa id. Cf. also *frow6n > OS Jřúa 
'lady, mistress'. Derived from *fraw(j)on. 
Pokorný I 815; Vries ANE1V 142; 
Zalizniak II 216; Kluge-Seebold 283. 

*fre3nanan ~ *frexnanan str.vb.: Goth 



fre3nanan 



113 



frijadwo 



fraihnan 'to question, to ask', 0¥i fiegna 'to 
ask', OE fie^nan 'to inquire', OS pret. 
Jřagn id. Continues IE *prek-\ Toch AB 
park- 'to ask', Skt prccháti 'to ask, to ques- 
tion', Av pmsaite id., Arm harc'anem id., 
Lat posco id., precor id., Mír ano id., Lith 
peršu, pifšti 'to arrange a marriage', Slav 
uprositi 'to ask'. Further related to 
*frazganan and *fursko. Sohweizer K£ I 
150; Zupitza Gutt. 190; Torp-Falk 
245-246; Meillet MSL XV 98-100 (««- 
present); Marstrander NTS II 103-106 
(innovation built on the basis of preterite 
*fraxa); Bartholomae 997-1000; Peder- 
sen Kelt. Gr. I 44; Trautmann BS1\' 
216; Holthausen AEE]V 115; Walde- 
Hofmann II 346-347; Feist 161-162; 
Jóhannesson IEW 551-552; Mayrhofer 
II 329; Pokorný I 821; Fraenkel 598- 
599; Vries ANEW 140-141; Seebold 
208-210; Vasmer-Trubachev III 377- 
378; Lehmann GED 122-123; Kluge- 
Seebold 282; Adams TB 372. 

*frextiz sb.f.: ON frétt 'enqtiiry', OEjreht, 
fryht 'prediction'. Related to *frejrianan ~ 
*frexnanan. Torp-Falk 246; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 114; Vries ANEW 142; 
Seebold 209. 

*frekaz adj.: Goth faihu-jliks 'covetous, 
avaricious', ON frekr 'greedy', OE Jřec 
'desirous, greedy, gluttonous, audacious', 
MDu vrec 'mean', OHG jřeh 'greedy'. 
Related to Slav *pragnqti 'to desire'. See 
*jřak(k)a Z . Kauffmann PBB XII 514 (to 
Lat precari 'to requesť); Grienberger Got. 
62 (to Lith piřkti 'to buy'); Forster EngS 
XXXIX 327-339; Torp Festschr. Unger 
183-185 (to Gk ojtapyáco 'to swell, to be 
full'); Hirt PBB XXIII 352; Torp-Falk 
245; Feist 136; Holthausen AEEf V 115; 
Iíarsten NB 127; Lané Language LX 258 
(to W rhewydd 'lascivious'); Pokorný I 
845; Vries ANEW 141; Lehmann GED 
103; Heidermanns 212-213; Kluge- 
Seebold 283. 

*frekín sb.f.: Goth faihu-jřikei 'avarice, 
cupidity', OE scyld-frecu 'guilty greeď, 
OHG frehhi 'avarice'. Derived from 
*fiekaz. Feist 13; Heidermanns 213. 



*frekon sb.m.: ON poet. freki 'wolf ', OE 
jreca 'bold man, warrior'. Derived from 
*Jřekaz. Holthausen AEE]\' 115; Vries 
ANEW 141; Heidermanns 213. 

*frestan ~ *frestaz sb.n./m.: ON fiest 
'delay', OY,fyrst,jirst 'space of time, time' 
(< *Jřestiž), OTrhfiist 'respite', OSfirst id., 
frist id. An old compound *pres-sto- struc- 
ttirally similar to Skt purah-sthátár- 'stand- 
ing on the top' < *p r ws-shto- and Olr 
arsaid 'old, ancienť < *p/os-shti- (Brug- 
mann IF XIII 164). Heinertz apud 
Vries (to Jripuz); Torp-Falk 233-234; 
Holthausen AEEW 117; Trier NGWG 
III (NF)/4 128-129 (to G First Tence, 
ridge'); Mayrhofer II 309; Pokorný I 
813; Vries ANEW 141-142; Zalizniak II 
186; Lehmann GED 129. 

*freusanan str.vb.: ON frjósa 'to freeze', 
OE freósan id., MDu vriesen id., OHG 
friosan id. Related to Skt prusva 'rime, ice', 
Lat prulna 'frosť (Bugge KJ? XLX 440). 
Schmidt KZ XXVII 328; Woods MP V 
272-273; Torp-Falk 248; Holthausen 
AEEW 116; Walde-Hofmann II 378- 
379; Jóhannesson IEW 569; Mayrhofer 
II 381-382; Pokorný I 846; Vries 
ANEW 143; Vendryes R-24-25 (to Olr 
réud 'cold'); Seebold 210-211 (to *preus- 
'to sprinkle'); Hamp JIES I 215-223; 
Lehmann GED 129; Kluge-Seebold 
286. 

*frě3Íz adj.: ON jrtep 'famous', OE je- 
'known, renowned, famous', OS gi- 
'known'. Related to *fřexnanan ~ 
*jre^nanan. Torp-Falk 246; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 1 14; Vries ANEW 145; Leh- 
mann GED 122; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 
103, A'~CV 112; Heidermanns 212. 

*frijaďwó sb.f: Gothfri(j)apwa 'love', OE 
Jřeódo 'peace'. Identical with latě Skt 
priyatva- 'being dear, being bélo veď. Fur- 
ther see *fiijaz. Torp-Falk 247; Holt- 
hausen AEElť 116; Feist 168 (OE fríod 
equivalent to Skt priyáta 'love'); May- 
rhofer II 379 (against the comparison 
with Skt); Benveniste IEL 266; Leh- 
mann GED 128; Bammesberger Nom. 
118-119. 



frija-xalsa-3ebon 



114 



frijondz 



*frija-xalsa-3ebón sb.m.: ON frjáls-gjafi 
'freed-man', OE freóls-sefa 'giver of 
freedom'. Compound of *jřija-xalsaz and 
*3eton. Carr Nom. comp. 81 (parallel for- 
mations). 

*frija-xalsaz adj.: Goth sbst. freihals 
'freedom', ONfijáLs 'free', OVjfríols 'free, 
freedom', OFris sbst. fii-hals 'freedom', 
OHG frihals 'free'. Originally, *'having 
a free neck, neck unhampered by a 
yoke'. A compound of *frijaz and *xalsaz. 
Neckel PBB XLI 405 ('Schonhals'); 
Torp-Falk 247-248; Holthausen 
AEEW 117; Feist 167; Carr Nom. comp. 
65—66; Porzig Gliederung 119; Pokorný I 
844, 1021; Vries ANEW 143; Onions 
375; Lehmann GED 127-128; Heider- 

MANNS 215. 

*frija-xalsín sb.f: ON frelsi 'freedom', 
OFris fríhelse id., OHG fiihalsi id. Derived 
from *jřija-xalsaz. Torp-Falk 247-248; 
Vries ANEW 141. 

*frijaz adj.: GoŮi freis 'free', OE freó id., 
OFris fit id., MLG m id., OHG fit id. 
Etymologically close to Skt priyá- 'own, 
dear, beloveď, Avfrj'5 id., Lat pro-prius 'to 
own', W rhydd 'free', Slav *prijati 'to be 
disposed, to fa vor'. Froehde BB LX 1 10 
(to Lat pňuus 'single, each, private'); 
Arbois de Jubainville MSL VII 291 
(Ceftic loanword); Bartholomae 1026; 
Karsten NB I 90; Wood M/JVXVI 310 
(from *pro-ei- 'to go forwarď); Torp-Falk 
247-248 (follow Froehde); Hirt Z dph 
XXLX 301; Neckel PBB XLI 403-405; 
Trautmann BS1V 231; Feist 167— 
168; Holthausen AEEW 116; Walde- 
Hofmann II 373-374; Soheller 20-23, 
90-91 (semantics); Porzig Gliederung 119; 
Mayrhoeer II 378-379; Pokorný I 844; 
Onions 375; Vasmer-Trubaohev III 
369-370; Lindeman Verschárfung 124-125; 
Mezger KZ LXXrX 32-38; Benveniste 
IEL 266; Lehmann GED 128; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 242; Hetdermanns 2 1 5 — 
216; Kluge-Seebold 284. 

*frijjo sb.f: ON theon. Fngg, OHG theon. 
Frija. Substantivized feminine of *frijaz 
with Verschárfung. Identical with Skt fem. 



púyd 'own, dear, beloveď, Av fem. fiyá 
id. Mikkola Festschr. Streitherg 268; Bar- 
tholomae 1026; Torp-Falk 247; Vries 
ANE]V 143; Lindeman Verschárfung 9.5, 
17.9; Onions 377. 

*frijódelaz sb.m.: ON fridill 'lover, gal- 
lanť, OS Jřiuthil 'loved one', MLG vridel 
id., OHG Jřiudil id. Corresponds to Slav 
*prijatelb id. At the samé tíme may be 
identical widi Dac 7ipiá8iXa, jtpiá8r|Aa 
PpDravia iiéXaiva'. Further see *frijojan. 
Torp-Falk 247; Detschew Thr. 556 
(Dac 7tpiá-8iA.a as a compound of *priio- 
as in *frijaz, and *dhal- 'to bloom'); Vrles 
ANEW 142. 

*frij5čteló(n) sb.f.: ON fridla 'loved 
one, mistress', OHG Jřiudila id. Derived 
from *jřijódelaz. Torp-Falk 247; Vries 
ANEW 142. 

*frijójanan wk.vb.: Goth jřijon 'to love', 
ONfiia 'to deliver', OE freó^an 'to free, to 
respect, to love', OFris friaia 'to love', 
MDu vrien 'to marry', MHG vrien id. 
Derived from *frijaz. Structurally identi- 
cal with Skt priyayáte 'to make friends 
with', Slav *prijati 'to favor'. Torp-Falk 
246; Holthausen AEE] V 117; Feist 168; 
Mayrhofer II 379; Pokorný I 844; 
Vries ANEW 143; Mezger LZ LXXTX 
32-38; Onions 377; Benveniste IEL 
266-267; Lehmann GED 128-129; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 369-370; Het- 
dermanns 215-216; Kluge-Seebold 284. 

*frijón sb.m.: ON jrí 'lover', OHG frio 
'free man'. Derived from *frijaz. Het- 
dermanns 215-216. 

*frijónd-xulbaz adj.: ON fnend-hollr 
'faithful to one's kinsmen', OHG friunt- 
hold 'friendly'. Compound of *frijonÍz and 
*xulpaz. Carr Nom. comp. 90 (parallel 
formations). 

*frijóndz sb.m.: Goůijřijonds 'frienď, ON 
jřiendi 'relative, frienď, OE jreónd 'frienď, 
OFris Jřiónd id., OS fiiund id., OHG friunt 
id. Participle of *frijojan. Torp-Falk 246 
Holthausen AEEW 117; Feist 168 
Pokorný I 844; Vries ANEW 145 
Onions 377; Benveniste IEL 266 
Metzger R'Z LXXIX 32-38 (non 



frijondz 



115 



frokniz 



participial formation from *fřijo); Leh- 
mann GED 128; Bammesberger Nom. 215; 
Rluge-Seebold 285-286. 

*friskaz adj.: ON ferskr 'fresh', OE fersc 
id., MLG vrisch id., OHGjSúf id. Related 
to *frijaz. Torp-Falk 248; Feist 163; 
Holthausen AEEW 102; Buga II 302 
(against the comparison with Lith preskas 
'unleaveneď, Slav *prěsm> id.); Mentz KZ^ 
LXV 263-265 (to Lat prlscus 'previous, 
former'); Vries ANEW 118; Heider- 
manns 216-217 (reconstructs *pr-isko- vs. 
Lat priscus < *pri-isko- vs. Balto-Slav *pro- 
isko-); Kluge-Seebold 287. 

*frip5janan wk.vb.: Goth ga-jřipon 'to rec- 
oncile, to establish peace', ON jrida 'to 
restore peace', OE fri&ian 'to keep the 
peace, to protéct', OFris Jřethia id., OS 
Jřithón id., MHG vriden 'to bring to peace'. 
Derived from *jřipuz. Torp-Falk 247; 
Holthausen AEEW 11 7; Feist 180-181; 
Vries ANEW 142; Lehmann GED 137. 

*fripu-lausaz adj.: ON friS-lauss 'out- 
laweď, OE jrid-leás 'not included in the 
treaty of peace', OFris fietho-las 'out- 
laweď, MLG vrede-los id., MHG vride-los 
id. Compound of *fiipuz and Hausaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 89 (parallel formations). 

*fripu-mannz sb.m.: ON pl. jřid-menn 
'men of peace', OHG fiidu-man 'peace- 
ful man'. Compound of *fripuz and 
*mannz. Carr Nom. comp. 83 (parallel 
formations). 

*fripuz sb.m.: Godr prop. Fredu-mirus, ON 
fridr 'peace', OE Jřii id. (mase, neut.), 
OFris fretho id., OS jřithu id., OUG Jndu 
id. Derived from *frijaz. Torp-Falk 
247; Holthausen AEEW 117; Feist 169; 
Pokorný I 844; Vries ANEW 142-143; 
Zalizniak I 151; Lehmann GED 129, 
153; Bammesberger Nom. 159; Kluge- 
Seebold 286. 

*frldaz adj.: ON fridr 'fair, beautiful', OE 
fríd-hengest 'stately horše'. Related to *frijaz. 
Structurally identical with Skt prítá- 
'satisfieď, Av friOa- 'glad, happy'. Bar- 
tholomae 1025; Karsten NB II 302-303; 
Torp-Falk 247; Feist 167; Holthau- 
sen AEE1\' 116; Mayrhofer II 380; 



Pokorný I 844; Vries ANEW 143; Leh- 
mann GED 127; Heidermanns 214-215. 

*fridjanan wk.vb.: Goth freidjan 'to keep 
safe, to také care', ON Jřída 'to adorn', 
OHG friten 'to také care of, to peť. 
Derived from *jřliaz. Torp-Falk 247; 
Feist 167; Vries ANE]V 142; Lehmann 
GED 127; Heidermanns 214; FCluge- 
Seebold 286. 

*frísaz sb.m.: ON pl. Frísir 'Frisian', OE 
pl. Frísan id. («-stem), OFris pl. Frísa, Frlsa 
id., MDu pl. Friesen, Vresen id., OHG pl. 
Frieson id. Related to *frijaz? Erdmann 
SVSUI/l 83-86 (to Fris Jnsle 'frizz' or to 
Lat primus 'hrst'); Holthausen AEEW 
116; Vries ANEW 143. 

*fróáaz adj.: Qoúi frops 'wise, intelligenť, 
ON fródr 'knowing, learneď, OE jřód 
'wise, prudent, skilful', OFris Jřód 'clever, 
wise', OS fiód 'learned, wise', OHG fruot 
'skillful, long-lasting, beloveď. Deriva- 
tionally close to Lith protas 'understand- 
ing', Latv práts id. Further related to 
Toch A pratim, B pratim 'decision', Lith 
prantu, prašti 'to get ušed, to become 
aceustomed to, to understanď, Latv prast 
'to understanď (Fraenkel IF L 229). 
Forsterman K^_ I 237; Curtius K^ IV 
237 (to Lat interpres 'negotiator'); Torp- 
Falk 246; Feist 169; Holthausen AEE1 V 
117; FvArsten NB I 65; Trier DW 71- 
73; Jóhannesson IEW 567; Pokorný I 
845; Chemodanov SGGJa I 75-76; 
Fraenkel 646; Vries ANEW 144; 
Seebold 208; Piirainen 11-82; Lehmann 
GED 126; Heidermanns 217-218. 

*fr5čtín sb.f: Goúifrodei 'intelligence', ON 
fimii 'knowledge', OHG fruoti 'maturity, 
prudence'. Derived from *frodaz. Torp- 
Falk 246; Feist 169; Heidermanns 218. 

*fr5djan sb.n.: ON jřcedi 'record, lore', 
MDu vroede 'intelligence'. Derived from 
*frotaz. Vries ANE\ V 1 45 . 

*fr5djanan wk.vb.: Burg *jřodjan 'to be 
wise', ON jrceba 'to teach', OHG Jřuoten 
'to teach, to make wise'. Derived from 
Jrodaz. Vries ANE1 \ r 1 45; Kóbler 710; 
Heidermanns 218. 

*frókniz adj.: ON jřmkn 'valiant, stouť, 



frokiiiz 



116 



fu3laz 



OE frkne 'horrible, savage, audacious', 
OS frókni 'valiant, daring', OHG fruahhan- 
(in prop.). Related to *frekaz. Karsten 
NB II 449; Fórster EngS XXXIX 
328-332; Torp-Falk 245; Feist 136; 
Holthausen AEE]V 117; Pokorný I 
845; Vries ANEW 145; Lehmann GED 
103; Lůhr Expr. 331; Heidermanns 
218-219. 

*frów(j)az adj.: MLG adv. vró 'early', 
OHG adv. fruo id., adj. fiuoi id. Identical 
with Gk adj. ;tpróioc; id. Torp-Falk 233; 
Pokorný 1814; Frisk II 607-608. 

*frumaz ~ *frumón adj.: Goth fruma 
'first, former', ON fiwn-hurir 'firstborn', 
OE frum 'originál, primitive, firsť, OFris 
forma 'first one', OS formo id. Related to 
Lith plrmas 'firsť, OPrus pirmas id. further 
connected widr IE *prHuo- id. Cf. also, 
with the samé suffix, Gk 7tpó|ioc; 'foremost 
man, chief, Lat primus 'firsť < *pňsmo-. 
Cf. superlative *frumistaz > Goth frumists 
'firsť, OE fyrmest id., OFris formest id. 
Torp-Falk 233; Holthausen AEE)V 
118, 120; Feist 169-170; Walde- 
Hofmann II 362-363; Pokorný I 814- 
815; Chemodanov SGGJa I 74; Fraenkel 
597-598; Vries ANEW 144; Frisk II 600; 
Lehmann GED 129-130; Bammesberger 
Nom. 234; Ross-Berns Numerals 624. 

*frumín sb.f.: QoXhfumei 'beginning', OS 
frumí 'usefulness'. Derived from *frumaz ~ 
*frumón. Feist 169; Lehmann GED 1 29 — 
130. 

*fruskaz sb.m.: ON froskr 'frog', OE fox 
id., MLG vorsch id., OHG frosc id. OE 
fr°33 a -, fracka id. is a pet-form of *fuskaz 
similar to doc^a 'dog'. Cf. also ON fiaukr, 
frauki 'frog'. Derived from *frawaz. 
Marstrander Mindeskr. Bugge 242 (to 
*fraui>d(n)); Uhlenbeck PBB XXII 197; 
Torp-Falk 248; Sturtevant MP XXVI 
473 (ON frauki from *fraudkón); Holt- 
hausen AEE\Y 113; Porzig IF XLV 165 
(to Slav *prygati 'to jump'); Pokorný I 
846; Vries ANEW 140, 144; Zalizniak I 
131; Onions 378; Fíluge-Seebold 288; 
Adams TB 416-417 (to Toch AB pruk- 'to 
make a leap'). 



*frustan ~ *frustaz sb.m./n.: ON frost 
'frosť, OE frost, forst id., OFris forst, frost 
id., OS frost id., OHG fiost id. Derived 
from *freusanan 'to freeze'. Torp-Falk 
248; Holthausen AEEW 1 13; Pokorný I 
846; Vries ANEW 144; Zalizniak II 167; 
Onions 379; Seebold 211; Lehmann 
GED 129; Bammesberger Nom. 11; 
Kluge-Seebold 288. 

*fruwib5 sb.f.: ON fygfi 'blossoming', Du 
vreugde id. Derived from unattested 
*fruwaz, cf. *frawaz. Torp-Falk 233. 

*fruzan sb.n.: ONfrer 'frosť, OHG^or id. 
Cf. Goth fiius 'coldness, frosť < *freusan. 
Derived from *freusanan. Zupitza Gutt. 
9; Torp-Falk 248; Feist 169; Vries 
ANE1V 145; Seebold 211; Bammesberger 
Mm. 56; Lehmann GED 129. 

*fuďiz sb.f.: ON fud-flogi 'runaway from his 
bride', E dial. fud 'vulva', MHG vut 'cun- 
nus'. Related to Skt puti- 'putrid, stink- 
ing', Av púiti- 'putrefaction, rottenness', 
Lat púteo 'to stink, to be rotten' (van 
Helten ^jl]\f X 195). Johansson KZ 
XXXVI 352-353; Bartholomae 909; 
Walde-Hofmann II 392; Mayrhofer 
II 321; Pokorný I 849; Vrtes ANEW 
145-146; Kluge-Seebold 281 (to Skt 
duál půtau 'buttocks'). 

*fu3laz sb.m.: Goth fitgls 'birď, ON fugl 
id., O^Lfu^ol id., OFris fugel id., OS fugal 
id., OHG fogal id. From a dissimilated 
*flu^laz derived from *fleu^anan (Graff III 
434; Meyer Goth. 556), especially in view 
of OE flu^ol 'apt to fly, flying swiftly' 
(see *flu'sulaz). Bopp Glossarium 11^ (to 
Lith paúkštis 'bird'); Grienberger Got. 76; 
Bezzenberger Z^Yf VI 78; Berneker 
IF LX 361-362 (to Skt phuka- 'bird'); 
Uhlenbeck PBB XXVI 310; Solmsen IF 
XIV 482-485 (to *fulon); Zupitza Gutt. 
132; Torp-Falk 243; Holthausen IF 
XXV 152 (to Gk 7t£t)ice8avó<; 'pine- 
covereď), AEEW 118; Feist 170 (to Lat 
pliirna 'feather'); Solmsen IF XXXI 482- 
484 (to *pou- 'small, little'); Feist 170; 
Pokorný I 837; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
74; Vries ANEW 146 (follows Bopp); 
Zalizniak I 131; Onions 374; Seebold 



fu3laz 



117 



fulkan 



201 (follows Bopp); Szemerényi Scripta 
1074; Trubachev VJa XXIX/3 10 (to 
Slav *puga 'blunt end of an egg'); Leh- 
mann GED 130; Bammesberger Mom. 75; 
Kluge-Seebold 866. 

*fuxón sb.f.: Goth fauho 'vixen, she-fox', 
ON/m id., MLG vohe, vó id., ORG foha 
id. Related to Toch B páko 'tail', Skt 
púccha- 'tail', Alb push 'down, flufF' < PAlb 
*puksja, Lith paustis 'hair (of animals)', 
Slav *puxt> 'down, fluff ' (Uhlenbeck Btrg. 
Gesch. XXII 538-539). Forsterman K~ 
I 498 (related to áXá-n£K-); Meillet BSL 
XXII 243 (questions the IE source); 
Zubatý K% XXXI 13 (to Slav *pyskb 
'muzzle'); Schrader BB XV 135-136 (to 
Gk Lac ipoíai ■ áXráiEKgQ, Hes.); Wood 
AJPhil XLI 349 (to Gk jtetiKeSavóg 
'sharp'); Lidén MB XIX 87-88; Torp- 
Falk 243; Feist 144-145; Mayrhofer II 
298-299; Pokorný I 837; Fraenkel 554; 
Vries AME]\ 7 136; Zalizniak II 227; 
Onions 374; Vasmer-Trubachev III 414; 
Kutzelnigg Muttersprache XC 185-188 
(against Uhlenbeck); Lehmann GED 110; 
Bammesberger JVom. 1 74; Toporov PJa 
rV 84—85 (similar semantic development 
in Lith lapě 'fox' ~ lapas 'leaf'); Kluge- 
Seebold 244; Orel AED 351; Adams TB 
352-353. 

*fuxsaz sb.m.: ON fox 'frauď (neut.), 
OSwed fix 'male fox', OE fox id., 
OS fohs id., OHG fuhs id. Derivative in 
*-s- connected with *fuxon. Holthausen 
AEEW 113; Pokorný I 849; Vries 
AMEW 139; Zalizniak II 227; Onions 
374; Lehmann GED 110; Bammesberger 
Mom. 174; Kluge-Seebold 289. 

*fulďa-we3az sb.m.: ON fold-vegr 'Earth', 
OE fold-wes 'earth-way, earth'. Com- 
pound of *fulÍo(n) and *we^az. Carr 
Mom. comp. 54. 

*fuldó(n) sb.f: Burg *fulp 'fielď, ON fold 
'field, earth', OE_/otóe 'earuV, OS folda id. 
Related to Skt prthá- 'palm of the hanď, 
Gk iikázT\ 'blade of an oar, winnowing 
fan' and the like (Persson UUÁ 1891 10). 
See *felpuz ~ *felpan. Hellouist AMF 
VII 8 (to Gk nXá-coc, 'breadth, width'); 



Lindouist Festschr. Olson 238-240 (samé 
as Hellouist); Torp-Falk 244; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 111; Trier Lekm 24- 
30; Mayrhofer II 332; Pokorný I 806 
(to *peh-: *pla-), 833; Vries AMEW 137; 
Zalizniak II 199; Frisk II 553-554; 
Bammesberger Mom. 175; Kobler 710. 

*ful3ěnan wk.vb.: ON fylgja 'to follow', 
OE foljian id., OFris folgia, folia id., OS 
folgon id., OHG folgěn id. Identical with 
Slav *pblzěti 'to crawl' (Aniktn Etim. 1984 
29) derived from *pblzti id. Torp-Falk 
237; Holthausen AEE]V 111; Pokorný 
I 850; Vries AMEW 148; Onions 
367; Vasmer-Trubachev III 309; Aniktn 
Etim. 1980 41-49, Etim. 1981 131-140; 
Kluge-Seebold 277-278. 

*ful3Í{5Ó sb.f: ON flgd 'following, backing 
up', OE folgod 'train, retinue, service', 
OHG folgida 'secť. Derived from *ful^ě- 
nan. Holthausen AEEH r 112; Vries 
AMEW 147. 

*fuljan sb.n.: ON jyl 'foal', OHG fuli 
id. Derived from *fulon. Vries AMEW 
147. 

*fulka-ďruxtiz sb.f: ON fólk-drótt 'band 
of warriors', OE folc-dryht 'multitude 
of people'. Compound of *fulkan and 
*dmxtiz. Carr Mom. comp. 80 (parallel 
formations). 

*fulka-lančtan sb.n.: ON fólk-land 'land 
occupied by an army, districť, OE folc- 
land 'land held by freemen'. Compound 
of *fulkan and Hanian. Carr Mom. comp. 
80 (parallel formations). 

*fulkan sb.n.: ON folk 'crowd, army', OE 
folc 'folk, people', OFris folk id., OS folk 
id., OHG folc id. Etymologically related 
to OBret ol- 'to follow', Bret heulia id., 
OBret a olguo 'by seeking', W ol 'trace', 
Corn ol id. continuing *polg-. Bezzen- 
berger BB V 171 (to Lat uulgus 'great 
mass, multitude, people'); Zupitza Gutt. 
9; Torp-Falk 235 (to Lat populus 'peo- 
ple'); Jokl Studien 71; Holthausen AEE] I' 
111; Pokorný I 799 (to IE *pd»- 'to lili, 
to pour'); Vrles AMEW 137; Zalizniak II 
167; Onions 367; Fleuriot Gloses 276; 
Kluge-Seebold 866. 



fulka-wÍ3an 



118 



funxwstiz 



*fulka-wÍ3an sb.n.: ON fólk-vtg 'warfare', 
OFris fol-wlch id., MLG volk-wich id., 
OlíG f o Ik-wíg. Compound of *fulkan and 
*wi3an. Carr Mom. comp. 47. 

*fulkjan sb.n.: ON fylki 'country, shire', 
OE ^e-fylce 'army, troop, band of war- 
riors'. Derived from *fulkan. Vries 
ANEW 148. 

*fullan sb.n.: ON full 'gobleť, OE full 
'cup'. Derived from *fullaz. Torp-Falk 
235; Holthausen IF XXV 152 (to Lat 
peluis 'basin', Gk TiéXXa 'wooden bowl'), 
AEEW 118; Vries ANEW 146 (follows 
Holthausen). 

*fulla-wísaz adj.: Goth fulla-w eis 'mature, 
thoroughly instructed, tÉAeioq', ON full- 
víss 'quite certain'. Compound of *fullaz 
and *wisaz. Garr Nom. comp. 67. 

*fullaz adj.: Goth>& 'full', ON fullr id., 
OE ful(l) id., OFris fol,ful id., OS>/ id., 
OiíGfol id. Continues IE *plHnos id., an 
adjective in *-no- of *pelH- 'to filT: Skt 
púriiá-, Olr lán, Lith pilnas, Slav *pblrvb 
(Hirt Idg. Gr. II 130). Torp-Falk 235; 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 52, 178; Trautmann 
BSl\ r 218; Feist 172; Holthausen AEEW 
118; Karsten NB II 206; Marttnet Gém. 
25, 71; Mayrhofer II 324; Pokorný I 
798-800; Fraenkel 591; Vries ANEW 
146; Onions 380; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
312; Lehmann GED 131; Heidermanns 
220-221; Kxuge-Seebold 866. 

*fullin sb.f: Goth ufar-fullei 'superabun- 
dance', OESc epa-jylli 'group of men nec- 
essary for an oath', OE fyllu 'fulness', 
OHG julii id. Derived from *fullaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 119; Feist 509-510; 
Onions 355; Lehmann GED 131; Hei- 
dermanns 220; Kluge-Seebold 290. 

*řulljanan wk.vb.: Goth fulljan 'to filT, 
ONfylla id., OEjyllan id., OFris fella id., 
OS fullian id., OHG fullen id. Derived 
from *fullaz. Cf. a similar derivation 
in Slav *pblniti id. Torp-Falk 235 
Holthausen AEE]V 119; Feist 172 
Vries ANEW 148; Lehmann GED 131 
Heidermanns 220; Fvluge-Seebold 290. 

*řullnojanan wk.vb.: Goth fullnan 'to 
be full, to become full', ON fullna 'to 



fulfil'. Derived from *fullaz. Feist 172; 
Heidermanns 220. 

*řull5janan wk.vb.: OESc Julia 'to fulfil', 
OE fullian id., OFris fulla, Jullia id., OS 
fullon id., OHG follon id. Derived from 
*fullaz. Holthausen AEE]V 119; Hei- 
dermanns 220. 

*řull5n sb.f: Goth fullo 'fullness', ON 
theon. Fulla, OHG folia 'plenitude'. 
Derived from *fullaz. Structurally close 
to Av parma 'plenitude'. Bartholomae 
850; Feist 172; Heidermanns 220. 

*fulmo sb.f: OJLfolm 'palm', OS pi.folmos 
id., OHG folma id. Close to Lat palma 
'palm (of the hand)', Olr lam 'hanď, 
Gk jiaXá(ir| 'palm of the hanď (Kret- 
schmer iT~ XXXI 398). Torp-Falk 
236; Holthausen AEEW 112; Walde- 
Hofmann II 240-241; Pokorný I 806; 
Frisk II 466; Bammesberger Nom. 115. 

*řul6n sb.m.: GoŮ\ fula 'foal', ON foli id., 
OE fola id., OFris fola id., OS folo id., 
OHG jolo id. A zero grade form related 
to Arm ul 'she-goať, Gk 7ttoXo<; 'foal', Alb 
pele 'maře' < *po(u)lo-, *po(u)lá (Forster- 
man KZ I 495; Mladenow KZ L 54-55). 
Hirt Ablaut 39 (to *pou- 'small'); Torp- 
Falk 244; Holthausen AEE] Tlil; Feist 
170-171; Pokorný I 842-843; Vries 
AMEW 137; Zalizniak I 153; Frisk II 
634; Onions 366; Lehmann GED 130; 
Kluge-Seebold 277; Orel AED 314. 

*funčtaz sb.m.: ON fundr 'a thing founď, 
MLG vunt 'finď, MHG vunt id. Derived 
from *jenpanan. Vries AjYElť 147. 

*řundiz I sb.m.: ON fndr 'finď, OFris fynd 
id. Substantivized *fundiz II. Vries 
AMEW 148; Seebold 194. 

*řundiz II adj.: ON ein-fyndr 'as finder 
entitied to the whole', OE eád-fynde 'easy 
to finď. Derived from *fenpanan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 120; Seebold 194; 
Matzel Festschr. Schroder 99, KZ CV 105; 
Heidermanns 221. 

*funxwstiz sb.f: OE fýst 'fisť, OFris fest 
id., OS fust id., OHG fusí id. Related 
to Lith kúmsté id. (with metathesis), 
Slav *p(stb id < *pnk*-sti- (Saussure MSL 
VII 93). Further connected with *fenfe. 



funxwstiz 



119 



furxno 



Torp-Falk 243; Trautmann BS1 V 218— 
2 1 9; Holthausen AEEW 121; Pokorný I 
839; Pokorný I 30; Chemodanov SGGJa 
I 80; Fraenkel 309-310; Onions 358; 
Stang LS 42; Lehmann GED 114; Ross- 
Berns JVumerals 662; Kluge-Seebold 253. 

*funón sb.f./m.: Goth fon 'fire' (< *fwón), 
gen. sg.funins (with traces of a root stem), 
OTSSfuni id. Reflects the old oblique forms 
in *-n- of í"/n-stem as in OPrus panno id. 
(Fick KZ XVIII 416), cf. *fuwer ~ *fur. 
From *funón WGmc *funkón (ME fonke 
'spark' MLG vunke id., OHG funco id.) is 
derived. Weinhold KZ I 248; Brug- 
mann IF XXXIII 308-310; Zupitza Gutt. 
162 {ffunkon to Skt pájas- 'surface, face'); 
Torp-Falk 227, 243; Feist 158-159; 
Pokorný I 828, 898-990 {Junkon to Gk 
(pÉYyoi; 'lighť, Lith spingiu, spingeíi 'to 
shine'); Vries ANEW 147; Zalizniak I 
223; Lehmann GED 120; Bammesberger 
Nom. 205-206. 

*funsaz adj.: Goth prop. Ala-fonsus, ON 
fúss 'willing, eager', OE fis 'ready, pre- 
pared, prompt', OS Jús 'ready', OHG 
funs 'ready, expectanť. Perhaps, related 
to Gk jtévonai 'to toil, to work', Arm 
hanum 'to weave', Lith pintí 'to braiď, 
Slav *pbnq, *petí 'to spin', cf. the samé 
zero grade in *pnto-\ nátoc;' £v§U|ia 
týjc; "Hpaq, Hes. Torp-Falk 228 (to 
*fenpanan); Holthausen AEE}\~ 119; 
Wissmann NP 59 (to *fenpanan, from *pnt- 
so-}; Stern EngS LXVIII 161-173; 
Karsten NB II 343; Schrobler ZDADL 
LXXXII 245-247; Pokorný I 808-809; 
Vries ANEW 147; Frisk II 504-506; 
Seebold 1 94; Bammesberger Sprache 
XVII 46-49 (to fenpanan, from *pnt-to-); 
Lehmann GED 131-132; Bammesberger 
Sprache XVII 46-49, Nom. 250; Heider- 
manns 222-223. 

*funsjanan wk.vb.: ON fýsa 'to exhorť, 
OE fýsan 'to hasten, to make haste, to 
incite', OS part. a-fusid 'to strive'. 
Derived from *funsaz. Torp-Falk 228; 
Holthausen AEEW 121; Vries ANEW 

149; HETDERMANNS 222. 

*fur(a) prep., adv.: Goth jaur 'in front of, 



before', ON for- id., OE fór id., OFris^ora 
id., OS fora, for id., OHG/»ra id. Cf. also 
ON fyr id., OS fuň id., OHG fuň id. 
Related to Gk it«p 'along', Lat por- 
(Gúntert IF XX 37-40). Cf. Jurán. 
Torp-Falk 231; Holthausen AEE1\' 
112; Walde-Hofmann II 343; Feist 145; 
Pokorný I 813; Vries ANEW 148; Frisk 
II 472-473; Onions 368; Lehmann GED 
110; Kluge-Seebold 291, 867. 

*furai adv.: Goth faura 'ahead, before, in 
front of, OE fóre 'before, aforetime', 
OFris^ora 'in front of, OS fora id., OHG 
fora id. Close to Skt purá 'formerly, 
before', Av para id., Gk jtapá 'near'. 
Collitz BB XVII 17 (to Gk jtapocí 
'near'); Bartholomae 852; Solmsen KZ 
XLIV 165 (folio ws Collitz); Holthau- 
sen AEE1V 112; Feist 145; Mayrhofer 
II 310; Pokorný I 810-818; Frisk II 
472—473; Onions 368-369; Lehmann 
GED 110-111. 

*furduz ~ *furdaz sb.m.: OTLford 'ford', 
OFris forda id. (n-stem), OS ford (in 
cmpn.), OHG furt id. Cf. also *ferpuz > 
ON fqrir 'firth, bay'. Related to Av 
pmtu- 'ford, bridge', OW rit 'ford', Lat 
portus 'harbor, dooř'. Bartholomae 
892; Torp-Falk 230; Holthausen 
AEEW 112; Walde-Hofmann II 343- 
344; Pokorný I 817; Vries ANEW 126; 
Onions 369; Seebold 188; Lehmann 
GED 109, 136; Bammesberger Nom. 158; 
Kluge-Seebold 292. 

*furxaz adj.: ON fon 'forward, haughty'. 
Identical with Gk jtpÓKa 'right now, 
right away', Lat reci-procus 'turning back 
the samé way, returning, receding', Slav 
*prokb 'spáre, remaining'. Persson Bei- 
tráge 960 (to Lat pro-sperus 'hurrieď); Kar- 
sten NB I 16-17 (to IE *pers- 'to spray'); 
Torp-Falk 232; Walde-Hofmann II 
424; Pokorný I 813; Vries ANEW 139; 
Frisk II 599; Heidermanns 223. 

*furxn5 sb.f: OE^ora 'trout', OHG forhana 
id. Close to Skt pisni- 'spotted, variegat- 
eď, Gk 7iopKvó? 'dark'. Torp-Falk 244; 
Holthausen AEEW 113; Pokorný I 821; 
Lehmann GED 109. 



furxo 



120 



farsko 



*furxó sb.f.: ON for 'drain, sewer', OEfurh 
'furrow' (root stem), OFris furch id., MLG 
vore id., OHG furh, furuh id. (< *furxiz). 
Identical with Lat porca id., W rhých id. 
(Fiok III 244; Zupitza KZ XXXV 
256-257). Zupitza Gutt. 132; Pedersen 
Kelt. Gr. I 122; Torp-Falk 244; Holt- 
hausen AEE]\' 119; Walde-Hofmann II 
340-341; Porzig Gliederung 125; Pokorný 
I 821; Chemodanov SGGJa I 102; Vries 
AJVEW 137; Zalizniak II 207; Onions 
382; Bammesberger Nora. 196 (root stem); 
Kluge-Seebold 291. 

*furxtaz adj.: Gouh faurhts 'fearful', OE 
forht id., OS forht, foraht 'afraid, fright- 
eneď, OHG got-Jorht 'fearful of Goď. 
Derivative in *-to- related to Toch AB 
pársk- 'to fear', A praski 'fear', B prosko, 
proskye id. (Holthausen IF XXXIX 65). 
Kirchhoff KZ I 39; Torp-Falk 244 (to 
Arm erkč'nim 'to be afraid'); Zupitza Gutt. 
5-6, 190; Sůtterlin /FXXV 65 (to Gk 
(ppíaaro 'to be rough'); Lewy IF XXXII 
159 (to Lith peršeti 'to hurt, to pain'); 
Feist 146-147; Holthausen AEEW 112; 
Pokorný I 820; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
1 1 1; Onions 377; Van Windekens I 366; 
Lehmann GED 111; Bammesberger Mom. 
250, JIES XrX 354 (to *frexnanan ~ 
*fre3nanan); Heidermanns 223—224. 

*furxtín sb.f: Goth faurhtei 'fright, fear', 
OE fyrhtu id. Cf also OHG forahta 
id. Derived from furxtaz. Torp-Falk 
244; Holthausen AEE]V 120; Feist 
146; Pokorný I 820; Zalizniak II 
179; Onions 377; Lehmann GED 111; 
Heidermanns 224; Kluge-Seebold 291— 
292. 

*furxtjanan wk.vb.: Gothfaurhtjan (sikj 'to 
be frighteneď, OE fyrhtan 'to terrify, to 
frighten', OFris unt-fruchta 'to beware', 
OS forhtian 'to fear', OHG for(a)hten 'to 
fear, to loathe'. Derived from *furxtaz. 
Torp-Falk 244; Holthausen AEEW 
120; Feist 146; Pokorný I 820; Lehmann 
GED 111; Heidermanns 224. 

*furxw5n sb.f: ON Jura, fůra 'fir-tree', OE 
furh-wudu 'fir-tree', OS furia 'pine' (jo- 
stem), OHG foraha 'pine, fir-tree'. Related 



to Lat quercus 'oak', W perth 'bush' < 
*k'erk»-t-. Cf. *firxwu Z . Loewe PBB LX 
160—163 (to Gk itépKrj 'perch' rather 
than to Lat quercus); Hoops ]Valdbáume 
118; Zupitza Gutt. 190; Torp-Falk 234; 
Holthausen AEEJ\ t 119; Walde- 
Hofmann II 402—403; Porzig Gliederung 
147; Pokorný I 822; Vries ANEW 147 
(to Gk mnt. iltippaíov, Skt parkati 'Ficus 
infectoria'); Zalizniak II 216; Onions 
357; Griepentrog Wmxelnomina 443; 
Kluge-Seebold 277. 

*furistaz mim.: ON fyrstr 'firsť, OEfyrest, 
fyrst id., OFris ferost id., OS furist, OHG 
furisto 'firsť. Superlative formation based 
on *fur(a). Torp-Falk 232; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 120; Pokorný I 812; Vries 
ANEW 149; Onions 357; Ross-Berns 
Mumerals 625; Kluge-Seebold 292. 

*furjaz ~ *fórjaz adj.: Goth ga-faurs 
'temperate, restrained, well-behaveď, 
MHG ge-vůere 'fitting, useful'. Derived 
from *faranan with an unaccountable 
divergence in vocalism (Grienberger 
Got. 81). Wood M/JVXVI 310 (to Gk 
Jtaúpo? 'small'); Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 
279 (to Lat púrus 'pure'); Feist 180; 
Lehmann GED 137. 

*furna-mannz sb.m.: ON forn-mair 'man 
of the olden time', 0¥.jyrn-mann 'man of 
yore. Compound of *fumaz and *mannz. 
Carr Mom. comp. 58. 

*furnaz adj.: ON forn 'olď, OS adv. forn 
'previously', OHG adv. forn 'previously'. 
Zero grade of *fernai. Torp-Falk 231; 
Vries ANEW 138; Lehmann GED 106. 

*fursaz sb.m.: ON^oíí 'waterfall, stream'. 
Close to Slav *porxb 'dusť (Meillet 
Etudes 285) further related to Skt pársati 
'to sprinkle', Toch AB pdrs- 'to sprinkle'. 
Pedersen IF V 54; Torp-Falk 244; 
Mayrhofer II 230; Pokorný I 823; 
Vries ANE1\ t 139; Vasmer-Trubachev 
III 332-333; Adams TB 375. 

*furskó sb.f: OHG forsca 'question'. An 
archaic zero-grade noun identical with 
Class. Skt prccha id., Arm han' id. See 
*frexnanan ~ *fre^nanan. Torp-Falk 246; 
Porzig IFXLV 156-157; Mayrhofer II 



farsko 



121 



začtilin3az 



329 (on the latě nature of the Skt form); 
Lehmann GED 123; Rluge-Seebold 280. 

*furb(a) adv.: OE ford 'forth, forwards', 
OFris forth id., OS forth id., MHG vort id. 
Cf. also Goth faurpis 'earlier, beforehanď. 
Derived from *fur(a). Torp-Falk 232; 
Holthausen AEEW 113; Feist 147; 
Pokorný I 810-818; Onions 372. 

*furj)5janan wk.vb.: ON forSa 'to help 
oneself forth, to savé one's life', OE 
forfiian 'to further, to advance'. Derived 
from *furpa. Holthausen AEE]V 113; 
Vries/UVETT 138. 

*fuwer ~ *fur sb.n.: ON fýrr 'fire' (mase. 
z-stem), fúrr (< *fúraz), OE Jýr id., OFris 
fiur, fiar id., OS fiur id., OHG fiur, fuir 
id. Related to Hitt pahhur id., Toch A por, 
B púwar id., Arm kur id., Gk 7ráp id., 
Umbr pir id. Cf. *funón. Brugmann IF 
XXXIII 308-313; Torp-Falk 243; 
Holthausen AEEW 120; Feist 158— 
159; Pokorný I 828; Vries ANEW 149 
Zalizniak I 223; Frisk II 627-628 
Onions 357; Bammesberger Jíom. 205 
Kluge-Seebold 262; Adams TB 392- 
393. 

*fuanan str.vb.: ON part. fúinn 'rotten'. 
Related to Skt puyati 'to become putrid, 



to stink', Gk 7ru9o|iai 'to roť, Lat puteo 'to 
stink, to be rotten', Lith púvú, puti 
'to roť. Forp-Falk 242-243; Walde- 
Hofmann II 392; Jóhannesson IEW 
565-566; Mayrhofer II 322; Pokorný I 
848-849; Fraenkel 680-681; Frisk II 
621-622; Seebold 196-197. 

*ffilaz adj.: Goth fuls 'fetid, fouf, ON 
fúll 'rotten, stinking', OE fúl 'fotil, dirty, 
rotten', OFris ful 'stinking', MLG vúl 
'rotten, spoileď, OHG ful 'foul, putriď. 
Derived from fúanan. Structurally close 
to Lith pl. púliai 'pus' < *pulo-. Torp- 
Falk 242; Feist 172; Holthausen 
AEEW 118; Karsten MB II 263-264; 
Pokorný I 848-849; Dybo VSJa 26; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 78; Fraenkel 680; 
Vries AKEW 146; Onions 373; Seebold 
197; Lehmann GED 131; Bammesberger 
Jíom. 249; Heidermanns 219; Kluge- 
Seebold 252. 

*fu5n sb.m.: ON fúi 'rottenness'. Close to 
Gk 7ií)ov 'discharge from a sore', Arm hu 
'blood from an uleer', Lat pus 'pus, white 
matter' < *puuos and further to *fúanan 
'to roť. Torp-Falk 242; Pokorný I 
849; Vries ANE1V 146; Frisk II 621-622; 
Seebold 196. 



*3abÍ3az ~ *3abu3az adj.: Goth gabigs 
'rich', ON gojugr 'worshipful, noble', OE 
3iefi3 'rich', OHG kepic id. Cf. OHG gebigl 
'opulence'. Derived from *setanan. 
Schmid ^TJADL XLLX 520; Holthausen 
AEEW 128; Feist 175; Vries AME1V 198; 
Lehmann GED 134. 

*3abín sb.f: Goth gabei 'riches, opulence', 
OHG kepl id. Derived from *3ébamm. 
Much Festschr. Jellinek 84 (from adj. 
*3aíaz, further — to *3etanan); Bugge 
PBB XII 416-417 (from * 3 a-at-, to Lat 
cópia 'crowď); Kluge Z d W Vln 28 
(to Lat habeó 'to háve'); Feist 175-176; 



Benveniste IEL 48; Lehmann GED 134. 

*3ablaz ~ *3abl5 sb.f: OE pl. 3aflas 
'fork, prop', OS gabala id., OHG gabala 
id. Related to or borrowed from Celt-Lat 
gabalus 'a kind of gallows', Olr gabul 
'gable, fork'. Torp-Falk 125; Walde- 
Hofmann I 575; Trier Z dadl LXXVI 
15-19; Chemodanov SGGJa I 98; Kluge- 
Seebold 294. 

*3adar5n sb.m.: OSwed gadder 'lattice', 
MLG gaddere id., OHG gataro id. Derived 
from *3aiqanan (see *3adilin3az). Torp- 
Falk 123. 

*3adilin3az sb.m.: Goth gadiliggs 'cousin', 



zadiliri3az 



122 



3ailjanan 



OE 3ďdelin3 'companion', OS gaduling 
'relative', OHG gatiling id. Cf. also 
*3<Utojanan: OFris gadia 'to unitě', MLG 
gaden 'to suit, to please', OHG bi-gaton 
'to forgather, to get together'. Derived 
from IE *ghadh-\ Skt gádhya- 'fitting, suit- 
ing', Lith goda 'honor', Slav *goďb 'time, 
year' (Grassmann KZ XII 128-129). 
Froehde BB VIII 165 (to Lat habeo 'to 
háve'); Fick III 123; Bezzenberger BB 
XVI 243 (samé as Froehde); Wood 
KZ XLV 69; Brugmann IF XXI 316- 
318; Prellwitz 2 (to Gk áyaSói; 'gooď); 
Torp-Falk 123; Holthausen AEEW 
121; Feist 178-179; Mayrhofer I 
320-321; Pokorný I 423-424; Fraenkel 
159-160; Trubaohev ESSJa VI 191— 
192; Lehmann GED 136; Kluge-Seebold 
301. 

*3a3alan sb.n.: ON gagl 'wild goose'. 
Closely related to OPrus gegalis 'a kind of 
duck', Slav *gogoh> 'male duck' (Bezzen- 
berger BB I 253). Of imitative origin. 
Zupitza Gutt. 172; Trautmann BS1V 74; 
Vries ANEW 152; Toporov PJa II 187 
189; Vasmer-Trubachev I 425. 

*3a3ně prep., adv.: ON gegn 'againsť, OE 
3e3n id., OFris ien id., OS gegin id., OHG 
gegin, gagan id. Derived from *3(i3niz. 
Torp-Falk 119-120; Holthausen 
AEEW 126; Vries ANEW 160; Kluge- 
Seebold 306. 

*3a3niz adj.: ON gegn 'short (of way), 
ready', OE józ 'direct, short (of a road)'. 
Related to *3an3anan? Lewy PBB 
XXXII 1 40 (to Skt jaghána 'hinder part, 
buttock, pudenda', Gk KO^tóvri 'per- 
ineum'); Torp-Falk 119; Holthausen 
AEEW 126; Mayrhofer I 411; Vries 
ANEW 160; Onions 18; Kluge-Seebold 
306. 

*3a3njanan wk.vb.: ON gegna 'to go 
against, to meet, to suit', OE 3Íe3nan 
'to turn, to drive', OHG gaganen, geginen 
'to meeť. Derived from *3a3niz. Torp- 
Falk 120; Holthausen AEEW 128; 
Vries ANEW 160. 

*3a3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON gaga 'to throw the 
neck back', MHG easen 'to cackle'. Close 



to Lith gagu, gageti id. (Mann Language 
XXVIII 35-36). Of imitative origin. 
Fraenkel 127-128; Pokorný I 407; 
Vries ANEW 152. 

*3aiďwan sb.n.: Goth gaidw 'shortage, 
lack', OE 3ád 'lack, want, desire', OFris 
gád 'neeď. Etymologically close to Gk 
%axÉco 'to lack' further connected with 
Skt jáháti 'to leave, to abandon' and the 
like. Probably, to be reconstructed as 
*gbi-tuó- (Schulze KZ XXVII 425, Kl. 
Schr. 53). Zupitza Gutt. 173; Torp-Falk 
133; Feist 185; Holthausen AEE1 1' 1 2 1 ; 
Mayrhofer I 426; Pokorný I 418-419; 
Frisk II 1077-1078; Meid Wortbild. 163 
(to Skt hetú- 'instigation, inducemenť); 
Lehmann GED 139; Bammesberger Norn. 
84; Heidermanns 227. 

*3aÍ3az sb.m.: ON geigr 'scathe, serious 
hurt'. Derived from * 31301(01 ~ *3Ín3enan. 
Torp-Falk 134; Lehmann GED 137. 

*3aÍ3Janan ~ *3aÍ35janan wk.vb.: ON 
geiga 'to také a wrong direction', OE for- 
3ié3an 'to transgress, to prevaricate', 
OFris gěja 'to pay penance', G geigen 
'to move back and forth'. Derived from 
*3aÍ3ai. Zupitza Gutt. 97; Torp-Falk 
1 34; Holthausen AEE] V 1 2 1 ; Pokorný I 
421 (to Lith žiógauti 'to yawn'); Vries 
ANEW 160-161; Lehmann GED 137. 

*3aila-skapiz sb.m.: OESc gslskaper 'for- 
nication', OE 3álscipe 'luxury, lastfulness' . 
Derived from *3ailaz. Heidermanns 
226. 

*3ailaz adj.: Burg *gails 'merry', OESc gel- 
maper 'bedfellow', OE 3M 'light, pleasant, 
wanton', OS gel 'merry', OHG geil 'high- 
spiriteď. Identical with Lith gailús 
'piteous; biting, nippy, corrosive', Latv 
gails 'lecherous, lascivous', Slav *zěh> 
'strong' (Zupitza Gutt. 171). Torp-Falk 
120; Trautmann BSU t 75; Feist 185; 
Holthausen AEEW \1"i; Pokorný I 452; 
Fraenkel 128-129; Stang LS 21; 
Vasmer-Trubachev II 92; Piirainen 56- 
58; Vasmer-Trubachev II 92; Lehmann 
GED 140; Kobler 710; Heidermanns 
226; Kluge-Seebold 307-308. 

*3ailjanan ~ *3ailěnan wk.vb.: Goth 



3ailjanan 



123 



3alanan 



gailjan 'to gladden', OHG ir-geilěn 'to 
raise (one's eyes)'. Derived from *3ailaz. 
Zupitza Gutt. 171; Torp-Falk 120; Feist 
185; Lehmann GED 139-140; Heider- 

MANNS 226. 

*3aislan ~ *3aisl5 sb.n./f.: ON geisl 
'staff', mase. geisli id., MLG geisel 'whip', 
OHG geisila id. Derived from *3aizaz. 
Torp-Falk 121; Vries ANEW 162. 

*3aisjanan wk.vb.: Goth us-gaisjan 'to 
frighten'. Based on an unattested noun 
*3aisaz identical with Av zaěša- 'horrible'. 
Bartholomae 1651; Torp-Falk 135; 
Feist 531-532; Pokorný I 427; Lehmann 
GED 382. 

*3aisp5janan wk.vb.: ON geispa 'to 
yawn', ME 3aspen 'to gasp'. An emphatic 
derivative of *3aisjanan secondarily in- 
fluenced by *3ÍpSjanan. Torp-Falk 134 
(reconstruct *3aipsojanan, to *3Ípdjanan)\ 
Vries ANE]\ 7 162 (to ON geisa 'to chafe, 
to rage' or to *3Ípajanarí). 

*3aistaz sb.m.: OE 3iést 'soul, spirit, minď, 
OFris jest id., OS gest id., OHG geist id. 
Related to *3aisjanan. Cf. also a struc- 
turally similar but semantically diverging 
Lith žaizda 'wounď. Zupitza Gutt. 202; 
Torp-Falk 135; Holthausen AEEW 
122; Pokorný I 427; Fraenkel 1285; 
Zalizniak I 131; Fraenkel 1285; Onions 
396; Lehmann GED 382; Bammesberger 
Nom. 76; Fsluge-Seebold 308. 

*3aitínaz adj.: Goth sbst. gaitein 'kiď, OE 
3ďten 'pertaining to goats', OHG geizin id. 
Diminutive of *3aitz. Structurally identi- 
cal with Lat haedlnus 'of a kiď (Porzig 
114). Torp-Falk 120; Holthausen 
AEEW 122; Walde-Hofmann I 632; 
Feist 186; Pokorný I 409; Lehmann 
GED 140. 

*3aitz sb.f: Goth gaits 'she-goať (t-stem), 
ON gat id., OE 3 át id., OS gět id., OHG 
geiz id. (z-stem). Related to Lat haedus 
'buck' (Forsterman K£ I 497). Prell- 
wrrz 500 (to Sktjáhati 'to leave, to aban- 
don'); Fick I 433 (to Lidr žáidžiu, žáisti 'to 
play'); Zupitza Gutt. 200-201; Char- 
pentier KZ XL 472; Torp-Falk 120; 
Htrt Urgerm. II 51 (on the consonantal 



stem in Gmc); Holthausen AEE\V 124; 
Walde-Hofmann I 632; Feist 186; 
Krahe Spr. Vorz. 76; Porzig Gliederung 
114; Trubachev VJa VIII/1 22-23 (adds 
Slav *zi(d)-nrbtstb 'honey-suckle' < 
*'goaťs throať); Pokorný I 409-410; 
Chemodanov SSGJa I 58; Vries ANEW 
162; Zalizniak II 207; Onions 404; 
Lehmann GED 140-141; Tollenaere KZ 
XCVI 141-144; Peeters KZ CI 167; 
Bammesberger JVom. 195; Griepentrog 
I Vurzelnomina 443; Kluge-Seebold 308. 

*3aiza-laukaz sb.m.: ON geir-laukr 'gar- 
lic', OE neut. 3ár-leác id. Compound of 
*3aizaz and Haukaz. Hoops l\'aldbáume 
644 (ON < OE); Carr Nom. comp. 32 (fol- 
lows Hoops); Vries ANEW 161. 

*3aizan sb.m.: ON geiri 'goar, triangular 
strip', OE jara 'angular point of land, 
promontory', OFris gara 'triangular piece 
(of land)', MLG gěre 'wedge-shaped 
piece', OHG gero 'angular strip of land'. 
Derived from *3aizaz (after the triangular 
shape of the spear-head). Torp-Falk 
121; Holthausen AEE]V 124; Onions 
406; Fsluge-Seebold 307. 

*3aizaz sb.m.: Goth prop. Gais-walds, ON 
gem 'spear', OE 3ár 'dart, javelin, spear', 
OFris ger id., OS gěr id., OHG ger id. Cf. 
also *3aii6 > OE 3Úd 'point, sting, prick, 
goaď. Related to Lat-Gaul gaesum, youoov 
'heavy iron spear', Olr gae 'spear', W 
gwayw id., MBret goaff id., Corn gew id. 
The samé Indo-European word is at- 
tested as a loanword from an unknown 
(Western) source in Gk x a ^ ov ' Z a í°í 
'shepherďs stick'. Cf. also Thrac prop. 
Boi>A.o-yaícrr|c;. Zupitza Gutt. 202; Torp- 
Falk 120-121; Falk SVAO 1914/6 82- 
83; Sghrader-Nehring II 425 (Gmc < 
Celt); Walde-Hofmann I 575-576; 
Holthausen AEE]V 124; Detschew 
Thr. 79; Pokorný I 410 (to Skt hesa- 
'weapon'); Vries AME1V 161-162; Zaliz- 
niak I 131; Onions 403; Frisk 1 061 — 
1 062; Chantraine 1240; Bammesberger 
Nom. 54 (to Gk jalot^j; Fsluge-Seebold 
315; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*3alanan str.vb.: ON gala 'to crow, to 



3alanan 



124 



3almaz 



sing', OE 3«/«k 'to sing', OHG galan 'to 
incantate'. Originally, of imitative origin. 
Brugmann IF XXXII 190 (secondary 
present vocalism based on preterital 
*jo/-); Torp-Falk 130; Berneker I 293 
(to Slav *galiti 'to triumph, to lauglť < 
*ghol-eio-); Holthausen AEE]V 123; 
Schwarz Festschr. Trier 442-444 (recon- 
structs the originál meaning 'to praise'); 
Jóhannesson IEW 382-385; Pokorný I 
428; Vries ANEW 153; Onions 1019; 
Seebold 212-213; Lehmann GED 157— 
158 (to Gk xe^.i8<óv 'swallow'). 

*3aldin3az sb.m.: ON geldingr Svether', G 
Gelling-hanJ 'male hemp'. Derived from 
*3aliiz ~ *3aldjaz. Vries ANEW 162; 
Heidermanns 228. 

*3aldiz ~ *3aldjaz adj.: Gouh pln. Galtis 
(< *galpeis), ON geldr 'barren, yielding no 
milk', OE 3Íelde 'fruitless', MLG gelt id., 
OHG galt, gialt id. Related to Slav *golďb 
'hunger'. Karsten MB II 376; Lessiak 
^DADL 146—147 (participle of *3alanan); 
Olsen IF XXXVIII 168 (to Phryg pl. 
r«XXoi 'castrated servants of Cybela'); 
Torp-Falk 132 (to Lith žala 'harm, dam- 
age'); Holthausen AEE]V 129; Feist 
189; Schwarz Festschr. Trier 448-449 (to 
IE *ghel- 'to peel, to cuť); Pokorný I 434; 
Vries ANEW 196, 198-199; Trubachev 
ESSJa VI 199-200; Lehmann GED 143; 
Heidermanns 228 (to IE *ghel- 'to cuť); 
Kluge-Seebold 310. 

*3aldjanan wk.vb.: ON gelda 'to gelď, 
MDu gelten id., G gelzen id. Derived from 
*3aldiz ~ *3aldjaz. Structurally close to 
Slav *golditi 'to cause hunger, to starve'. 
Jóhannesson IEW 385 (to *ghel- 'to cuť); 
Schwarz Festschr. Trier 448—449; Vries 
ANEW 162-163; Trubachev ESSJa VI 
199; Heidermanns 228. 

*3aldran sb.n.: ON galdr 'song, witch- 
crafť, OE 3ealdor 'incantation, charm', 
OHG galtar id. Derived from *3alanan. 
Torp-Falk 130; Holthausen AEE}Y 
124; Vries ANEW 153; Seebold 212; 
Lehmann GED 157, 193; Bammesberger 
Nom. 86. 

*3al3a-trewan sb.n.: ON gálga-tré 'gal- 



lows', OE 3eal3-tréow id. Compound of 
*3al3on and *trewan. Carr Nom. comp. 54. 

*3al3on sb.m.: Goth galga 'stake, gallows, 
cross', ON gálgi 'gallows', OE 3eal3a 'gal- 
lows, gibbet, cross', OFris galga 'gallows', 
OS galgo id., OHG galgo id. Related to 
Lith žalga 'long pole' (Múller W^KM V 
68) and, probably, to Arm jalk 'branch'. 
Pedersen iř^XXXIX 361; Zupitza Gutt. 
178, 201; Torp-Falk 131; Trautmann 
BSW 364; Holthausen AEEW 125; Feist 
189; Pokorný I 411; Fraenkel 
1286-1287; Vries ANEW 153; Zalizniak 
I 153; Onions 387; Solta Ann. 314-315; 
Stang LS 65; Lehmann GED 142; 
Kluge-Seebold 295. 

*3allan ~ *3allón sb.n./f: ON gall 'gall, 
bile', OS galia id., OHG galia id. 
Continues *ghol-n-. Connected with Av 
zara- id., Gk yokoc, id., Ypk*\ id., Lat fel 
id. (ra-stem) (Kuhn K£ I 516). Believed to 
be further related to dre color adjective 
*ghel-\ Skt hári- 'pale, yellowish, greenish', 
Av zairi- 'yellow, yellowish', Lat heluus 
'light bay', Lith ždlías 'green', želvas 
'greenish'. Zupitza Gutt. 171; Persson 
Beitrdge 794; Bartholomae 1690; Torp- 
Falk 131; Holthausen ,4 II TV 99, ^££11' 
125; Walde-Hofmann I 473-474, 639; 
Porzig Gliederung 110, 207; Mayrhofer 
III 581; Pokorný I 429-430; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 89; Fraenkel 1287, 
1297; Vries AJ\E1\ r 153; Zalizniak II 
182; Frisk II 1109-1110; Onions 386; 
Kluge-Seebold 296. 

*3allón sb.m.: ON galii 'fault, flaw', OE 
3ealla 'fretted pláce on the skin', MLG 
galle 'wounded spot on the skin', MHG 
galle 'swelling'. Related to Lith žala 
'harm, damage', Slav *zt>h> 'bad, angry' 
(Holthausen AJVN 79). Homonymic OE 
3ealla 'gall, bile' belongs to *3allan ~ 
*3allon. Zupitza Gutt. 201 (to Olr galar 
'sickness'); Torp-Falk 130; Holthausen 
AEEW 125; Endzelin KZ XLIV 66; 
Pokorný I 490; Fraenkel 1286; Vries 
ANE][ T 154; Onions 386 (to *3allan ~ 
*3allori). 

*3almaz sb.m.: ON galmr 'sworď (tiula), 



3almaz 



125 



3ari3iz 



OS galm 'tone', OHG galm 'tone, sounď. 
Derived from *3alanan. Torp-Falk 130; 
Vries ANEW 154. 

*3alpojanan wk.vb.: Swed dial. galpa 'to 
cry (of birds)', OS galpon 'to cry loudly'. 
Derived from *3elpanan. Torp-Falk 132. 

*3altaz ~ *3altuz sb.m.: ON gqltr 'boar, 
hog', OE 3ealt-bor3 'pig'. Probably related 
to Lith acc. núo-galdq 'dock in a stable', 
už-galda id., Latv galds 'splinter, board, 
plank'. Suolahti ANT 158; Hirt BB 
XXIV 246 (to Skt huda- 'ram'); Torp- 
Falk 131; Holthausen AEE]V 125; 
Fraenkel 131; Vries ANEW 198-199; 
Kluge-Seebold 311. 

*3amalaz adj.: ON gamall 'olď, OE 3amol, 
3omel id., MDu gamel id. Probably related 
to Lat humilis 'low', Gk ^Odiia^ó^ 'near 
the ground, low' (Szemerényi IVord VIII 
50). Kluge KZ XXVI 70 (from * 3 a- 
mělaz, to *milan I); Wadstein IF V 12 
(ON gamall < *3a-xamalaz, to *xamalo- 
janan); Torp-Falk 127 (to *3omz)\ Holt- 
hausen AEEW 123; Rooth Wortst. 50 
(to ON gambra 'to brag, to bluster'); 
Walde-Hofmann I 664-665; Pokorný I 
414-416; Vries ANEW 154; Frisk II 
1098-1099; Kluge-Seebold 856. 

*3amanan sb.n.: ON gaman 'game, sport, 
amusemenť, OE 3amen joy, game, pleas- 
ure', OFris game, gome id., OS gaman id., 
OHG gaman 'joke, joy'. Identical with 
Slav *gomont> 'noise' (Il'inskii RFV LXIII 
341) derived from *gomb id. Torp-Falk 
127; Berneker I 326-327 (Slav < Gmc); 
Pokorný I 490 (to *3ampaz); Vasmer- 
Trubachev I 436. 

*3aman5janan wk.vb.: ON gamna 'to 
amuse, to diverť, OE 3amnian 'to joke, to 
play'. Derived from *3amanan. Vries 
ANEW 155; Onions 388. 

*3ammón sb.m.: ON gammi 'Finnish 
dwelling', G dial. Gamm 'heap of drying 
bricks'. Related to *3dmz. Lidén Arm. St. 
14 (to Arm gom 'barn, pen'); Torp-Falk 
127; Chemodanov SGGJa I 110. 

*3ampaz sb.m.: Norw gamp 'big, fat man, 
fat horše', MHG gampf 'úisAáng . Of un- 
known origin. Torp-Falk 127. 



*3anaz sb.n.: ON gan 'frenzy, frantic ges- 
tures'. Identical with Gk x<*vo<; 'yawning, 
gaping'. See *3anqjanan. Pokorný I 411; 
Frisk II 1076-1077. 

*3an3anan str.vb.: Goth gaggan 'to go', 
ON ganga id., OE 3an3an id., OFris gunga 
id., OS gangan id., OHG gangan id. 
Connected with *3angaz. May be a back 
formation based on *3an3Janan (Porzig 
147). Cf. also Lith zeňgti 'to stride, to 
march', Latv ziet 'to trespass, to sin' 
(Stang ScSl VIII 162-164). Sohweizer 
KZ I 150; Holthausen AEEW 123; 
Zupitza Gutt. 178, 200; Torp-Falk 
124; Feist 181-182, 288-289; Porzig 
Gliederung 147; Jóhannesson 1E]V 343— 
344; Pokorný I 438; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 76; Vries ANE]V 156; Seebold 
213-216; Mottausch KZ CXI 134-142; 
Lehmann Language XLX 318-319, GED 
137-138. 

*3an3az I sb.m.: Goth neut. gagg 'street, 
roaď, ON gangr 'going, walking', OE 
3 flK J going, journey, way', OFris gang, 
gong id., OS gang id., OHG gang id. 
See *3an3anan. Torp-Falk 124; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 123; Feist 181; Pokorný 
I 438; Vries ANE]V 156; Zalizniak II 
186; Onions 388; Seebold 214; Lehmann 
GED 138; Mottausch K~ CLX 76-109; 
Fsluge-Seebold 297. 

*3an3az II adj.: OESc ep-ganger 'legiti- 
mate', OE acc. sg. jela-3eon3e 'having 
travelled much', MLG gange 'passable', G 
gang und gábe. See *3an3anan. Heider- 
manns 229-230. 

*3an3Ílaz sb.m.: ON gengil-beina 'woman 
with crooked legs', OE ďjier-3en3el 'suc- 
cessor', OHG fuoz-gengil 'pedestrian'. 
Derived from *3ari3iz. Holthausen 
AEEW 127; Seebold 214. 

*3an3Íz adj.: ON gengr 'able to walk', OE 
3en3e 'going, current, prevalenť, OFris 
gendze, ganse 'currenť, MDu genge id., 
OHG gengi id. Derived from *3an3anan. 
Karsten NB I 106-107; Torp-Falk 124; 
Holthausen AEEW 127; Vries ANEW 
163; Seebold 214; Matzel Festschr. 
Schriider 106; K£ CV 127; Heidermanns 



3ari3iz 



126 



3ardaz 



230; Kluge-Seebold 297; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*3an3Jan sb.n.: Goth faura-gaggi 'steward- 
ship, management, administration', ON 
gengi 'help, support, success', OE sen^e 
'gang, flock, company' (fem.), OS gi-gengi 
'row', OHG ana-gengi 'beginning'. De- 
rived from *3an3anan or *3an3Íz. Holt- 
hausen AEEU r 127; Feist 182; Vries 
ANEW 163; Seebold 214. 

*3an3Janan wk.vb.: Goth gangjan 'to go, to 
go on a journey', OE 3en3a.11 'to go, to 
pass', MHG gengen 'to make go'. Derived 
from *3an3anan, *3an^az. Holthausen 
AEEW 127; Feist 182; Pokorný I 438; 
Seebold 214. 

*3an3J5n sb.m.: Goth faura-gaggja 'steward, 
manager', ON for-ingi 'leader', OE án- 
311130 'lone-goer, loner', OFris brád-genza 
'beggar', OHG náh-gengo 'servant'. De- 
rived from *3an3anan. Holthausen 
AEEW 127; Feist 182; Porzig Gliederung 
147; Vries ANEW 138; Seebold 214. 

*3an3on sb.f: ON ganga 'walking', OHG 
miti-ganga 'servant, maiď. Derived from 
*3an3anan. Cf. in particular structurally 
similar Skt járighá 'lower leg', Lith pra- 
Žangá 'violation, breach'. Zupitza Gutt. 
197; Trautmann BSW 370; Fraenkel 
1300; Seebold 214. 

*3an3ulaz adj.: ON gongull 'strolling', OE 
wíd-3an3ol 'rambling, roving'. Derived 
from *3<m3anan. Karsten NB II 286; 
Vries ANEW 199; Seebold 214; Hei- 

DERMANNS 230-231. 

*3anxtiz sb.f: Goth fram-gahts 'progress', 
ON gátt 'rabbet of a door-sill', OE bed-3Íht 
'evening', OHG betti-gaht 'going to beď. 
Derived from *3an3anan. Torp-Falk 
124; Holthausen AEE1 V 130; Feist 164; 
Vries ANEW 158; Seebold 214; 
Lehmann GED 124-125. 

*3an5janan wk.vb.: ON gana 'to rush, to 
glare', OE 3ánian 'to yawn, to gape', 
MHG janen 'to gape, to glare'. Derived 
from *3anaz. Related to Gk ^aívo) id. 
Holthausen ^££11' 123-124; Pokorný I 
411, 419; Vrtes ANEW 155; Frisk II 
1076-1077. 



*3ans-xabukaz sb.m.: ON gás-haukr 

'goshawk', OE 3Ós-hafoc id. Compound of 
*3ansz and *xabukaz. Carr Nom. comp. 
48; Onions 407. 

*3ansz sb.f: ON gis 'goose', OE 3ÓS id., 
OFris gos id., MLG gos id. (z-stem), OHG 
gans id. (z-stem). Spán ganso id. is from 
Goth *gansus. Related to Skt harhsá- id., 
Av za id., Gk yý\v id., Lat anser id., Olr 
géiss 'swan', Lith ŽQsis 'goose', Slav *gqsb 
id. Zupitza Gutt. 201; Suolahti DVN 
410-415; Berneker I 342 (Slav < Gmc); 
Torp-Falk 125; Holthausen AEE]V 
135; Walde-Hofmann I 52; Mayrhofer 
III 571; Pokorný I 412; Fraenkel 1292; 
Vries ANE]\ r 157; Zalizniak II 207; 
Frisk II 1094-1095; Onions 406; Tru- 
baohev ESSJa VII 88—89; Bammesberger 
jYom. 196; Griepentrog Wurzdnomina 
201-232; Kxuge-Seebold 298. 

*3antaz adj.: OHG ganz 'healthy, un- 
harmed, whole'. Identical with Lith ne- 
gandas 'dissatisfaction', OLith adv. comp. 
gandžiaus 'rather'. Torp-Falk 125; Fay 
IF XXXII 331-332 (to Alb gjúhe 'all'); 
Fraenkel 133, KZ LXXII 185-190 
(Baltic forms to Skt ghaná- 'compact, firm, 
hard, dense'); Heidermanns 233; Kluge- 
Seebold 298. 

*3ap5janan wk.vb.: ON gapa 'to gape', 
OE ofer-3apian 'to neglect, to disregarď, 
MLG gapen 'to gape', MHG gaffen id. Of 
imitative origin. Zupitza Gutt. 18, 217; 
Torp-Falk 125; Holthausen AEEW 
124; Vries ANEW 156 (to *ghe- 'to 
yawn'); Onions 389; Kluge-Seebold 
294. 

*3aráaz sb.m.: Goth gards 'house, family, 
courť (< *3ardiz), ON gardr 'yard', OE 
3eard 'enclosure, yard, dwelling, lanď, OS 
gard 'land, fielď, pl. 'yard', OHG boum- 
gart 'garden, orcharď. Related to Toch B 
kercci 'paláce', Skt grhá- 'house', Av gm8a- 
'dev's cave', Alb gardh 'fence', Lith gařdas 
'pen, hurdle', Slav *gordb 'fence, town' 
(Lottner KZ XI 192). Mertnger IF 
XVI 140; Grienberger Got. 90; Torp- 
Falk 129; Holthausen AEE]V 125; Feist 
197-198; Porzig Gliederung 171; Mayr- 



3arcíaz 



127 



3astiz 



hofer I 344; Pokorný I 444; Fraenkel 
135-136; Vries ANEW 156; Zalizniak II 
195; Onions 1018; Benveniste IEL 274; 
Trubachev ESSJa VII 37—38; Lehmann 
GED 147-148; Keuge-Seebold 300; 
Orel AED 110; Adams TB 196. 

*3arďjan sb.n.: ON gerdi 'fenced fielď. 
Derived from *3ardaz. Derivationally 
identical with Toch B kercci 'paláce', 
Phryg pln. róp8iov (Lidén Toch. 21-22). 
Adams TB 196, 

*3arď5n sb.m.: Goth garda 'enclosed yard, 
stockyarď, OFris garda 'land property', 
OS gardo 'garden', OHG garto id. A mor- 
phological variant of *3ardaz. Torp- 
Falk 129; Feist 197; Pokorný I 444; 
Zalizniak II 195; Kluge-Seebold 300. 

*3arnan sb.n.: ON gam 'yarn', OE 3earn 
id., MLG gam id., OHG gam id. See 
*3amo. Zupitza Gutt. 201; Torp-Falk 
129; Holthausen AEEW 125-126 
Pokorný I 443; Vries AMEW 157 
Zalizniak I 140; Fraenkel II 1291 
Onions 1018; Kluge-Seebold 299- 
300. 

*3arn(j)a-wenď5n sb.f.: ON gam-vinda 
'skein of yarn', OE ^eam-winde 'reď 
(mase.?), OFris jem-wine id., MLG garn- 
winde id., OHG gam-winta id. Compound 
of *3amo and *wendon. Carr Nom. comp. 
72 (parallel formations). 

*3arn5 sb.f: ON gam 'guť. Cf WGmc 
neut. *3arnjan > OE myc-sem 'fat about 
the kidneys', OS mid-gami 'internal fať, 
OHG mitti-gami id. Identical with Lith 
lama 'guť, Latv zarna 'intestine'. Further 
cf. Alb zorre id. < PAlb *džama with a 
long *S < *e. Torp-Falk 129; Traut- 
mann BS1V 367; Pokorný I 787; Fraen- 
kel 1291; Vries ANEW 199; Stang LS 
65; Kluge-Seebold 299; Orel AED 
525-526. 

*3arstaz ~ *3arstiz adj.: ON gerstr 'sour, 
dismal', MLG garst 'ranciď, MHG garst 
id. Identical with Mír goirt 'bitter' < 
*ghorsti-. Torp-Falk 130; Pokorný I 
445 (to Lith grastis 'menace, ťhreať, grasus 
'causing weariness' based on gresiu, grésti 
'to menace, to threaten'); Fraenkel 166 — 



167; Heidermanns 233; Kluge-Seebold 
300. 
*3arwaz adj.: ON gqrr 'ready for some- 
thing', OE 3earu 'ready, prepareď, OS 
gam id., OHG garo id. Related to *3eraz. 
Kaufmann PBB XX 530 (from *3a-arwaz, 
see *arwaz)\ Karsten jVB II 17, 414-416; 
Torp-Falk 128; Holthausen AEEW 
126; Pokorný I 494; Vries ANEW 

163-164 (to IE *g« her ~ ' to burn ')> 199; 
Onions 1018; Seebold LuE 458-460 
(against the connection with *g"her- 'to 
burn'); Kabell KZ LXXXVII 26-31; 
Sanders Festschr. Kolb 558-568 (follows 
Kaufmann); Bammesberger Nom. 244; 
Heidermanns 233-234; Kluge-Seebold 
298-299. 

*3arwib5 sb.f: ON gerd 'gear, harness, 
armor', OHG garawida 'garment, gear'. 
Derived from *3arwaz. Torp-Falk 128; 
Vries ANEW 164; Heidermanns 234. 

*3arwín ~ *3arwj5 sb.f: ON gorui 'gear, 
apparel', OE 3earwe 'clothing, attire, 
gear', OHG garawi 'equipment, attire, 
jewelry'. Derived from *3arwaz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 126; Vries ANEW 165; 
Onions 392; Heidermanns 234. 

*3arwjanan wk.vb.: ON gorva 'to get 
ready, to make ready', OE 3Íerwan 'to 
make ready, to prepare', OS garwian, ger- 
wian id., OHG garawen id. Derived from 
*3arwaz. Torp-Falk 128; Holthausen 
AEEW 130; Vries ANEW 163-164; 
Onions 389; Heidermanns 234; Kluge- 
Seebold 315—316. 

*3asti-3eb6n sb.m.: ON gest-gjafi 'host', 
MHG gast-gebe id. Compound of *3astiz 
and *3ebon. Carr Nom. comp. 83 (paral- 
lel formations). 

*3astiz sb.m.: Goth gasts 'stranger, guesť, 
ON gestr 'guesť, OE 3iest, 3Íest 'stranger, 
guest, enemy', OFris jest 'guesť, OS gast 
'enemy, guesť, OHG gast 'guest, 
stranger'. Etymologically identical with 
Lat hostis 'stranger', Slav *gostb 'guesť. 
Brugmann IF I 172-174; Zupitza Gutt. 
172; Meillet MSL LX 374; Torp-Falk 
133; Holthausen AEE1\' 130; Walde- 
Hofmann I 662-664; Feist 202; Mezger 



3astiz 



128 



3aum(j)o(n) 



XXIV 154-155; Porzig Glie- 
derung 207; Pokorný I 453; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 65; Vries AMEW 165; Zalizniak 
I 149; Onions 418; Lindeman Verscharfmg 
11.2; Benveniste I EL 75, 78, 294, 301; 
Trubaohev ESSJa VII 67-68; Lehmann 
GEL) 149; Kluge-Seebold 300. 

*3atan sb.n.: ON gat 'hole', OE jraí 'gate, 
dooř', OFris gat, jet 'hole, opening', OS 
gat 'eye of a needle, hole, opening'. Of 
uncertain origin. Probably connected 
with ancient Balkanic (Phrygian?) i^éxva 
'dooř' for which a conjecture *^éxav is 
required. Holthausen PBB XI 553 (to 
Skt hádati 'cacare', Gk %í^<>> id.), AEEW 
126; Zupitza Gutt. 201; Torp-Falk 123; 
Pokorný I 423; Georgiev hsledov. 139; 
Vries AMEW 157; Onions 391; Kluge- 
Seebold 301. 

*3atw5n sb.f.: Godr gatwo 'thoroughfare, 
streeť, ON gata 'thoroughfare', MDu gate 
'passage', OHG gazza 'quarter'. Derived 
from *3atan (Persson Beitrdge I 599). 
Bremer PBB XI 272 (to *ghei- 'to go'); 
Grienberger Got. 94 (to Gk x^okco 'to 
yawn, to gape'); Wiedemann BB XXX 
214 (to Lith gendú, gésti 'to spoil'); Torp- 
Falk 123; Holthausen PBB XI 565 (to 
Skt hádati 'to defecate'); Pedersen Kelt. Gr. 
I 63 (to W gwddw 'neck'); Feist 205-206; 
Pokorný I 423; Vries AMEW 158; 
Zalizniak II 228; Onions 391; Lehmann 
GED 151; Kluge-Seebold 300. 

*3audan ~ *3aud5 sb.n./f: ON gaud 
'barking', OE 3eád 'foolishness, luxury, 
mockery'. Derived from *3aujanan. 
Torp-Falk 121; Holthausen AEE1V 
126; Vries AMW 158. 

*3aujan sb.n.: Goth gawi 'region, country, 
environmenť, OE -jé 'land, districť (in 
cmpn.), OFris gá 'districť, OS -go, -gá 
id. (in cmpn.), OHG gouwi, gewi 'county, 
lanď. Etymologically close to Gk x** ? 
'emptiness' < *xafo<; (Grienberger Got. 
96). Legerlotz KZ VIII 119 (to Gk 
yaia 'earth'); Burk gdWf n 341-342 
(from Gmc *3a-a(x)wjan 'land among the 
waters'); Scheftelowitz BB XXVIII 310 
(to Arm gavar 'area'); Uhlenbeck PBB 



XXX 282 (to •gum- 'to caU'); Torp-Falk 
119 (follow Burk); Holthausen AEE]V 
124; Feist 210-211 (to Gk oír, 'vfflage'), 
PBB XV 547-548 (from * 3 a-wix-, to IE 
*weik- 'dwelling'); Pokorný I 449; Frisk 
II 1072-1073; Lehmann GED 153; 
Kluge-Seebold 301; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*3aujanan str.vb.: ON geyja 'to bark'. Cf. 
OE 3Óian 'to lamenť < *3owjanan. 
Related to Skt hávate 'to calT, Lith zavíti 
'to charm', Slav *zovq, *zbvati 'to calP. 
Kock AMF XI 344-345 (from *3a-waujan, 
to *waujan 'to ring out, to resounď); 
Wood MLN XVI 19 (to IE *gheu- 'to 
pour'); Torp-Falk 121; Holthausen 
AEEW 134; Jóhannesson IEW 318-320; 
Pokorný I 449 (to *gheu- 'to yawn'); 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 75; Vries AMEW 
165 (to Lith gaústi 'to rumble, to hum'); 
Vasmer-Trubachev II 85; Seebold 216. 

*3aukaz sb.m.: ON gaukr 'cuckoo', OE 
3 eác id., OFris gák id., MLG gok id., OHG 
gouh id. Of imitative origin. Uhlenbeck 
AMF XV 151-153 (< *3a-aukaz, to 
*aukanari); Grienberger SBA1V CXLII/8 
95 (to *3aujanarí)\ Meillet MSL XII 
213-215 (to Lith geguzé 'cuckoo', Slav 
*žegt>zica id.); Torp-Falk 122; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 124; Vries AMEW 158; 
Onions 408; Zalizniak I 131; Kluge- 
Seebold 301. 

*3aumib5 sb.f: ON rare geyrad 'heed, 
attention', OHG bi-goumida 'care, worry'. 
Derived from *3aumjanan. Vries AMEW 
166. 

*3aumjanan wk.vb.: Goth gaumjan 'to pay 
attention, to see, to observe', ON geyma 
'to keep, to watch', OE 3ýman 'to care 
for, to heed, to watch, to observe', OS 
gomian 'to guarď, OHG goumen 'to heed, 
to watch'. Derived from *3aum(j)o(nj. 
Zupitza Gutt. 172; Torp-Falk 121; 
Holthausen AEEW 129; Feist 207; 
Pokorný I 453; Vries AME]\ 7 165-166; 
Lehmann GED 151; Kluge-Seebold 302. 

*3aum(j)5(n) sb.f: ON gaum 'attention, 
heeď, mase. gaumr id., OE 3ýme 'care', 
OFris game id., NFris gumi 'christening 
celebration', OS goma 'entertainmenť, 



3aum(j)o(n) 



129 



3azdaz 



OHG gouma 'meal, banqueť. Derived 
from *3awman (Torp SHS 186). Torp- 
Falk 121; Johansson Festschr. Moreen 46 1 , 
BB XV 228 (from *3a-aumo, to Slav *umn> 
'mind, intelligence'); Pedersen IF V 68 
(from *3a-usm-, to *auzorí)\ Slotty IF 
XLVI 366-372; Grienberger Got. 95; 
Meillet MSL VIII 280 (to Slav *gosěti 'to 
worship, to fasť); Holthausen AEE]V 
129; Feist 207; IUmtoft GHÁ LVI/3 
263-265; Pokorný I 453; Vries ÁNEW 
158; Zalizniak II 216; Lehmann GED 
151; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*3aupaz adj.: OE 3eap 'crooked, bent, 
curveď. Identical with Slav *gub~b 'folď. 
Further related to Lith gaubiu, gaubti 'to 
cover from top to bottom', Slav *gbbnqti 
'to benď. Pokorný I 450; Trubachev 
ESSJa VII 164-165. 

*3aupnó sb.f: ON gaupn 'both hands held 
together', OHG goufana 'handful, empty 
hand, palm'. Derived from *3aupaz. 
Zupitza Gatt. 18-19, 202; Torp-Falk 
137 (to *gheub(h)- 'to benď); Fraenkel 
IF LV 81 (to Lith žiupsrds 'handful'); 
Pokorný I 449; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
73; Vries AME1V 159; Heidermanns 
234-235; Kxuge-Seebold 302. 

*3aup5n sb.f: ON gaupa 'lynx', OE 
earnseáp 'a kind of falcon'. Derived 
from * 3 aupaz (Králík GGA CLXXVI 
158-160). Holthausen ÁEEW 125; 
Pokorný I 449; Vries ANEW 158. 

*3auraz adj: Goth gaurs 'sad, gloomy', ON 
sbst. gaurr 'ruffian, rough' (mase.). 
Identical with Skt ghorá- 'dreadful, horri- 
ble' (Bopp Glossarium 113; Zupitza Gutt. 
172: adds Slav *žuriti 'to perturb'). 
Grienberger Got. 96 (against Slavic par- 
allels); Torp-Falk 122; Uhlenbeck PBB 
XXX 282; Feist 208; Petersson IF 
XXIV 253-254; Mayrhofer I 362-363; 
Pokorný I 453-454; Vries AMEW 159; 
Lehmann GED 152; Vasmer-Trubachev 
II 68 (add Slav *guraú 'to push'); Heider- 
manns 235 (to *3aujanari). 

*3ausjanan wk.vb.: Goth gansjan 'to cause' 
(leg. *gausjan), ON geysa 'to rush, to gush'. 
Causative of *3eusanan (Bezzenberger 



BB III 81). Grienberger Got. 89-90 (to 
*3antaz, OE 3Í11 'wide, spacious'); 
Johansson PBB XV 228-229 (to *&)- 
nesanan); Wiedemann BB XXVII 204-205 
(to *3ennanan); Torp-Falk 137; End zelin 
KZ LI 258 (to Latv iě-gansts 'cause'); Feist 
196; Lerohner 91; Lehmann GED 147. 

*3autaz ~ *3aut5n sb.m.: Lat-Goth 
prop. Gauts, ON pl. Gautar 'inhabitants 
of Western Sweden', OE pl. 3Íatas id., 
OS -got id. (in empn.), OHG -goz id. (in 
empn.). In Latin and Greek sources 
appears as Gauti, Tavtoí. Derived from 
* 3 eutanan. Collitz JEGP I 222-238 
(an ablaut variant of *3utaz ~ *3ut6n); 
Wadstein IF V 9 (to Lat audeo 'to ven- 
ture, to dare'); Streitberg GE 6-7; 
Schonfeld PVN 103-104; Holthausen 
AEEW 126; Kuhn Festschr. Trier 417-433; 
Vries ANE1\ t 159; Lehmann GED 164. 

*3autójanan wk.vb.: ON gauta 'to prate, 
to brag', G dial. gauzen, gáuzen 'to bark'. 
Related to Lith gaudžiú, gausti 'to buzz, 
to rumble'. Maybe connected with *3au- 
janan. Zupitza Gutt. 172; Pokorný I 
443, 449; Fraenkel 140— 141;Vries 
AMU' 159. 

*3awěnan wk.vb.: ON gá 'to heed, to 
mark'. Related to Lat^^ó 'to be favor- 
able, to be well disposed, to favor, to pro- 
mote', Slav *gověti 'to fast, to respecť 
(Meillet MSL VIII 280). Danielsson- 
Noreen AJYF III 17 (from *3a-a(n)xanan, 
to Lat anculus 'servant'); Torp-Falk 121; 
Walde-Hofmann I 464-466; Pokorný I 
453; Trubachev ESSJa VII 72-73. 

*3azdaz sb.m.: Goth gazds 'sting, goaď, 
ON gaddr 'goaď, OS gard id., OHG gart 
id. Compared with Mír gat 'willow roď < 
*ghazdha. There exists a similar word with 
an unvoiced inlaut cluster: Lat hasta 
'stick, pole', Mír gass 'shooť < *ghasto- 
(Fick I 108; Zupitza Gutt. 173; Walde 
ÍC7XXXIV 488-489). Uhlenbeck PBB 
XLX 520 (to Slav *žb?db 'pole, stake'); 
Meillet Etudes 261 (on Slav *gvozdb 
'nail'); Grienberger Got. 97; Torp-Falk 
1 33; Schrader-Nehring II 424 (semantic 
differences of Gmc and Celt); Walde- 



3azčtaz 



130 



3eldanan 



Hofmann I 636; Feist 213; Szemerényi 
ArL V 1—21 (to Umbr hostatu 'armed with 
a spear'); Pokorný I 41 2—41 3; Vries 
ANEW 151; Zalizniak I 131; Onions 
384; Benveniste IEL 324; Lehmann GED 
154-155; Kluge-Seebold 317. 

*3ebanan str.vb.: Gotír giban 'to give', ON 
gefa id., OE sifon id., OFris ieva id., OS 
geban id., OHG geban id. Related to Lat 
habeo 'to hold, to háve', Olr gaibid 'to 
také' continuing IE *ghabh- (Bezzen- 
berger BB XXVII 181). In Germanic, 
*3ebanan substitutes IE *dó-. The orig- 
inál vocalism of *ghabh- was adapted to 
the Gmc strong verb systém. Lottner 
KZ V 398 (to Lith gabénti 'to carry'); 
Meyer IF XXXV 234-235; Zupitza 
Gutt. 173; Torp-Falk 125-126; Kret- 
sohmer Glotta XLX 208 (*-«- in *3ebanan 
influenced by *nemanan); Feist 214; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 128; Walde-Hofmann I 
630-631; Jóhannesson IEW 186-189; 
Pokorný I 408; Vries ANEW 160; 
Zalizniak I 150; Onions 399; Seebold 
217-219; Lehmann GED 155; Kluge- 
Seebold 303. 

*3eba-st61az sb.m.: ON gjaf-stóll 'throne', 
OE jif-stól id. Compound of *3ěbo and 
*stolaz. Garr Nom. comp. 54. 

*3eb(e)lon sb.m.: Goťh gibla 'gable', MLG 
geuel id., OHG gibil id. Cf. also OS gibilla 
'skuli, gable', OHG gibilla id. and ON gafl 
'gable-end, gable'. Related to Toch A 
spal 'heaď, Gk KE<paA.T| id., Maced 
yapaXáv ĚyKÉipaXov x\ Ke<paXr|v, Hes., 
Thrac theon. repeXél^ii; (Schulze Kl. 
Schr. 261). See *3ablaz ~ *3abl5. Kuhn 
RZ I 136 (to Lat gabalus); Zupitza Gutt. 
217; Torp-Falk 126; Feist 214; Trter 
ZDADL LXXVI 13-44, Z dph LXX 
356-357; Schulze Kl. Schr. 252, 261; 
Detsohew Thr. 100; Porzig Gliederung 
186; Pokorný I 423; Vendryes RC XL 
436; Chemodanov SGGJa I 110; Vries 
ANEW 152; Frisk I 835; Benveniste 
Word X 255-256; Lehmann GED 155; 
Kluge-Seebold 323-324; Adams TB 
642-643. 

*3ebo sb.f.: Goth giba 'gifť, ON gjqf id. 



(partly < *3ebiz), OE ji/ií id., OFris jeve 
id., OS geba id., OHG geba id. Derived 
from *3eianan. Torp-Falk 126; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 128; Feist 213; Porzig 
Gliederung 172; Pokorný I 408; Vries 
ANE]V 171; Zalizniak II 193; Seebold 
218; Lehmann GED 155; Bammesberger 
Nom. 110. 

*3eb5n sb.m.: ON prif-gjafi 'bounteous 
giver', OE beáh-3Ífa 'ring-giver', OFris 
rěd-jeva 'judge', OS bóg-gebo 'one giving 
a ring'. Derived from *3ebanan. Torp- 
Falk 126; Seebold 218. 

*3ebulaz adj.: ON gjofull 'munificenť, 
OE 3Jfol 'generous, bountiful'. Derived 
from *3ebanan. Holthausen AEE]V 
130; Vries ANEW 171; Seebold 218; 
Heidermanns 237. 

*3efitiz sb.f: Goth fiti-gifts 'gift, betrothal', 
ON gipt, gift 'gift of nature, endowmenť, 
OE 3Íft 'gift, marriage gifť, OFris jeft 
'gift, privilege', OS sundar-gift 'privilege', 
MDu gift 'gifť, OHG gift 'gift, dona- 
tion'. Derived from *3ebanan. Schulze 
Kl. Schr. 61; Torp-Falk 126; Feist 214; 
Vries ANEW 168; Zalizniak I 150; 
Onions 397; Seebold 218; Lehmann 
GED 121-122; Bammesberger Nom. 142; 
Kluge-Seebold 324; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*3eftjanan wk.vb.: ON gipta 'to give a 
woman in marriage', MLG giften 'to give', 
OHG fir-giften 'to seli, to transfer'. 
Derived from *3eftiz. Torp-Falk 126. 

*3elďan sb.n.: Goth gild 'tribute, tax', 
ON gjald 'tribute, paymenť, OE 3ÍM 
'money, tribute, compensation', OFris jeli 
'price', OS geld 'payment, recompense', 
OHG gelt 'paymenť. Related to *3elda- 
nan. Torp-Falk 132; Feist 214-215; 
Pokorný I 436; Vries ANEW 169; 
Zalizniak I 140; Seebold 222; Ben- 
veniste IEL 58—60; Lehmann GED 155; 
Fvluge-Seebold 309. 

*3eldanan str.vb.: Goth fra-gildan 'to 
restore, to recompense', ON gjalda 'to 
pay, to yield, to repay', OE 3Íldan id., 
OFris jelda 'to counť, OS geldan id., OHG 
geltan 'to pay for'. Related to Slav *želdq, 
*želsti 'to redeem' (Trautmann BSiV 



3eldanan 



131 



3elwaz 



82; Knutsson tfslavPh XV 140) despite 
the difference in suffixes — Gmc *-Í- < IE 
*-t- as it follows from OSwed galia 'to 
repay' < *3élpanan. Bezzenberger BB 

XVI 253 (to Gk xéXQoq- xpíoq); Fick BB 

XVII 322; Osthoff IF IV 269 (against 
Bezzenberger); Torp-Falk 131-132 
Feist 161, 214; Holthausen AEEW 128 
Kiparsky AASF XXXII/2 190-191 
Stender-Petersen Slav.-germ. 325 (Slav < 
Gmc); Machek Sláma XXI 252-253; 
Jóhannesson IEW 386-387; Pokorný I 
436; Vries AMEW 169; Onions 1020; 
Vasmer II 42; Benveniste IEL 57, 
59-60; Seebold 221-222; Vasmer- 
Trubaghev II 42; Lehmann GED 122, 
155; Keuge-Seebold 310. 

*3elďjan ~ *3eldjón sb.n./f.: ON gildi 
'payment, tribute', OFrisjelde,jolde 'guilď, 
MLG gilde id. Substantivized *3eldjaz. 
Vries AMEW 166; Onions 419; Lehmann 
GED 155. 

*3elčtjaz adj.: ON gildr 'of full worth, full', 
OE un-ýlde 'not entitled to wergilď. 
Derived from *3eldanan. Karsten MB I 
92-93; Vries AMEW 167; Seebold 222 
(reconstructs *3eldiz)', Matzel Festschr. 
Schroder 98, KZ CV 102, 105; Heider- 

MANNS 230. 

*3eld5n sb.m.: ON gildi 'guild member', 
OE 3Ílda id., OFrank gildo id. Derived 
from *3eldan. Holthausen AEE]V 131; 
Vries AMEW 166; Kluge-Seebold 324. 

*3elfaz sb.n.: ON gjalýr 'noise, sea', MLG 
gelve 'wave'. Related to Skt jálpati 'to 
murmur, to speak', Lith želpúoti 'to 
chatter, to babble'. Kuhn KZ I 140 (to 
*3elpanari); Torp-Falk 132; Búga Aist. 
191; Fraenkel 1296; Vries AMEW 169. 

*3elj5janan wk.vb.: ON gilja 'to beguile', 
OHG gilon 'to howl'. Probably derived 
from *3ellanan. Pokorný I 489 (to Gk 
Gétao 'to be wiUing'); Vries AMEW 167 
(to *3elarí). 

*3ellanan str.vb.: ON gjalla 'to yell', OE 
3Íellan id., MLG gellen id., OHG gellan id. 
Related to * 3 alanan. Siebs KZ XXXVII 
299-300 (to *skellanan); Torp-Falk 130; 
Holthausen AEE1\' 129; Jóhannesson 



IEW 382-385; Pokorný I 428 (to Gk 
^ÉXi8rav 'swallow'); Vries AMEW 169— 
170; Onions 1019; Seebold 222-223; 
Lehmann GED 157; Kluge-Seebold 310. 

*3ellaz adj.: ON gjallr 'ringing', MLG gel 
id., MHG gel 'loud, clear (of sounds)'. 
Derived from *3ellanan. Karsten MB I 
24; Heidermanns 239. 

*3elpan sb.n.: ON gjalp 'boasting, brag- 
ging', OE 3Íelp 'glory, pride, boasting' 
(mase), OS gelp 'defiance, fleer', OHG 
gelpf 'chatting' (mase.). Derived from 
*3elpanan. Torp-Falk 132; Holthausen 
AEEW 129; Vries AMEW 170 (to Lith 
gulbis 'swan' and further to *3ellanan); 
Seebold 223. 

*3elpanan str.vb.: OE sielpan 'to boast, 
to glory', MHG gelpfen 'to shout, to 
sing'. Probably an emphatic form derived 
from *3ellanan. Zupitza Gutt. 21; Mat- 
zenauer IF VIII 195 (to Lith gulbis 
'swan'); Torp-Falk 132; Holthausen 
AEEW 129; Pokorný I 428 (to Lith 
gulbinti 'to praise'); Seebold 223-224. 

*3elstran sb.n.: Goth gilstr 'tax', OHG gel- 
star 'toll, tribute'. Derivative in *-stro- from 
*3eldan, *3eldanan. Osthoff KZ XXIII 
315 (from *3eldtra-); Feist 215; Lehmann 
GED 156; Seebold 222; Benveniste IEL 
57—59; Bammesberger Mom. 87. 

*3elun5 sb.f: ON pl. gjqlnar 'gills (of a 
fish)'. Identical with Arm jelun 'palatě', 
Gk %eXwT] 'lip, jaw' (Osthoff IF IV 
276). Cf. also *3eliz > Sw gál, gel 'gill', 
Dan gjďlle id. Solmsen KZ XXIX 
352 (to Gk xeí^-o? 'lip'); Zupitza Gutt. 
217; Torp-Falk 131; Pokorný I 436; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 108; Vries AMEW 
171; Frisk II 1086; Onions 397. 

*3elwaz adj.: OE 3eolu 'yellow', OS gelu 
id., OHG gelo id. Related to Lat heluus 
'dun-coloreď, Lith želvas 'greenish'. Cf. 
also *3allan ~ *3alldn. Kuhn KZ I 516 
(to Skt gaurá- 'whitish, yellowish', Lat 
giluus 'pale yellow'); Curtius Gr. Et. 202 
(to Lat fuluus 'bright yellow'); Persson 
Beitráge 794; Schwentner FB 66—68; 
Torp-Falk 131; Holthausen AEE)V 
127; Walde-Hofmann I 639; Porzig 



3elwaz 



132 



3estraz 



207; Pisani IF LIII 38; 
Pokorný I 429-430; Fraenkel 1297; 
Vries AME1 I t 1 94; Onions 1019; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 243; Heidermanns 240; 
Kluge-Seebold 309. 

*3ennanan str.vb.: Goth du-ginnan 'to 
begin', OE be-^hman id., OFris bi-ginna 
id., OS be-ginnan id., OHG bi-ginnan id. 
Despite the anlaut with no traces of 
*3iv-, to be compared with Skt hánti 'to 
strike', Gk Geívco 'to kilT, Slav *gbnati 'to 
drive' . Wiedemann BB XXVII 1 93-1 96 
(to Alb ze 'to seize'); Bugge PBB XII 405 
(to Lat re-cěns 'fresh, young, recenť); 
Torp-Falk 125 (to Slav *četi 'to begin' or 
from *gen-u-)\ Holthausen IF XXX 47 
(to Gk xav8ávco 'to seize'), AEE]V 131; 
Feist 128; Pokorný I 437-438, 491-494; 
Onions 85-86; Seebold 224-225 (to 
MLG ent-ginnen 'to cuť, OHG an-ginnan 
id.); Lehmann GED 97; Kluge- Seebold 
91 (to Lat pre-hendo 'to lay hold of, to 
grasp, to snatch'). 

*3eraz adj.: Burg *girs 'greedy', ON gerr 
id., OHG ger, giri id. Related to Toch A 
kar(y)-, B ker(y)- 'to laugh', Skt háryati 'to 
yearn for, to like', Av zeira- 'striving (?)' 
Gk %áp\q 'favor', Lat honor 'to admonish' 
Karsten MB I 24; Zupitza Gutt. 200 
Bartholomae 1670; Torp-Falk 128 
Walde-Hofmann I 657-658; Feist 186 
Kluge 68; Mayrhofer III 583; Pokorný 
I 440-441; Vries AMEW 164; Frisk II 
1062-1064; Onions 1019; Lehmann GED 
140; Kobler 710; Heidermanns 241- 
242; Adams TB 197. 

*3erdo sb.f: Goth gairda 'belt, girdle', 
ON gjqrd id. (pardy *3erdiz), MDu gherde 
'girdle'. Connected with *3urdjanan. 
Torp-Falk 129; Feist 185-186; Porzig 
Gliederung 137; Jóhannesson IE] I' 363— 
364; Pokorný I 444; Vries AMEW 
164, 171; Zalizniak II 193; Onions 
399; Seebold 225; Lehmann GED 140; 
Bammesberger Nom. 110. 

*3erín sb.f: OESc giri 'greeď, Norw dial. 
gir id., OS fehu-giri 'rapacity', OHG giri 
'rapacity, greeď. Derived from *3eraz. 
Cf. also Goth faihu-geiro 'greeď with an 



unexpected *-i- probably explained by 
the influence of *3Íenan. Feist 16—17; 
Lehmann GED 103—104; Heidermanns 
241. 

*3ernaz adj.: Goth faihu-gairns 'covetous, 
avaricious', ON gjarn 'eager, willing', OE 
3eorn 'eager, ardent, careful', OFris adv. 
gerne 'gladly', OS gem 'desiring', OHG 
gem 'eager'. Derived from *3eraz. Torp- 
Falk 128; Feist 186; Holthausen AEE] V 
127; Karsten NB II 43; Pokorný I 440- 
441; Vries AMEW 170; Onions 1019; 
Benveniste IEL 161; Bammesberger 
Mom. 246; Heidermanns 242; Kluge- 
Seebold 316. 

*3ernín sb.f: Goth gairnei 'desire, wish, 
longing', ON á-girni 'ambition, cupidity', 
OHG gerní 'zeal, care'. Derived from 
* 3 ernaz. Hirt PBB XXIII 291; Feist 
186; Vries AMEW 168; Benveniste IEL 
161; Lehmann GED 140; Heidermanns 
242. 

*3ernjanan wk.vb.: Goth gaimjan 'to lust, 
to desire, to wish', ON girnask id., OE 
3Íeman 'to yearn', OS girnian id. Derived 
from *3emaz. Zupitza Gutt. 200; Torp- 
Falk 128; Holthausen AEE] V 129; Feist 
186; Vries AMEW 168; Onions 1019; 
Benveniste IEL 161; Heidermanns 242. 

*3erst5n sb.f: OS gersta 'barley', OHG 
gersta id. If the full grade in Gmc is sec- 
ondary, it is particularly close to Gk Kpí, 
Kpi9r| id., Alb drithe id. < *ghrzdha. Cf. 
also Lat hordeum id. (probably also with 
*-r-). Further cf. *j;o«n««. Hoops ]Vald- 
báume 364-371; Torp-Falk 130; Jokl 
Festschr. Kretschmer 89-91 (adds Gk «x E P~ 
8o? 'wild pear'); Walde-Hofmann I 
656-657; Pokorný I 446; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 88; Frisk II 18-19; Hamp iT~ 
XCVIII 11-12; Kluge-Seebold 316- 
317; Orelz1£Z) 75. 

*3estraz adj.: Goth gistra-dagis 'tomorrow', 
OE adj. 3eostra 'of yesterday', OHG gestre 
id. Related to the Indo-European word 
for 'yesterday': Skt hyás, Gk %8É<;, Alb dje, 
Lat hen. IE *ghies is direcdy attested in 
ON adv. gtcr id. < *jžj. A direct equiva- 
lent of *3estraz is W neithiwyr 'last nighť < 



3estraz 



133 



3enan 



*nok"ti-ghestro- (Fiok II 195). Cf. also 
Lat hestemus < *hestrinos, a derivative of 
hen with the samé suffix *-stro-. Kret- 
schmer KZ XXXI 436-437; Torp-Falk 
133; Walde-Hofmann I 642-643; Feist 
215-216; Specht KZ LXVIII 201-205; 
Mayrhofer III 614; Pokorný I 416; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 86; Vries AMEW 
197; Frisk II 1097-1098; Chantraine 
1258; Otrebski KZ LXXXrV 85-87; 
Schindler Sprache XXIII 32—34; Leh- 
mann GED 156; Puhvel Festschr. Hoenigs- 
wald 315—318 (IE *ghies as loc. of a form 
continued in *da3azj; Keuge-Seebold 
320; Orel AED 68. 

*3etalaz ~ *3etulaz adj.: ON sann-getall 
'guessing true', OE ofer-^itol 'forgetful', 
MLG vor-getel id., OHG a-gezzal id. 
Derived from *3etanan. Karsten MB II 
278; Seebold 226; Heidermanns 243- 
244. 

*3etanan str.vb.: Goth bi-gitan 'to find, to 
discover', ON geta 'to geť, OE bi-^itan 
'to gain, to obtain, to seize', OS bi-getan 
id., OHG bi-gezznn id. Related to Gk 
%av8áv(o 'to hold', Lat pre-hendo 'to lay 
hold of. Zupitza Gutt. 173 (to Lith goda 
'honor'); Rooth II 'ortst. 63; Torp-Falk 
123; Feist 90; Holthausen AEEW 130; 
Walde-Hofmann II 359; Jóhannesson 
IEW 344-345; Pokorný I 437-438; 
Vries AMEW 165; Frisk II 1071-1072; 
Onions 85, 396; Seebold 226-227 (to 
Slav *gadati 'to guess, to telí fortunes'); 
Lehmann GED 69; Kluge-Seebold 856. 

*3et5n ~ *3etan sb.f./n.: ON geta 'guess', 
OE and-jiet 'understanding, knowledge', 
MLG vorget 'forgetfulness', OHG a-gez id. 
Derived from *3etanan. Holthausen 
AEEW 130; Vries ANEW 165; Seebold 
226; Bammesberger Mom. 59. 

*3eusanan str.vb.: ON gjósa 'to gush, to 
break ouť. A morphological variant of 
*3eutanan. On the other hand, cf. Toch B 
kus- 'to shoot upward, to gush', Mír gus 
'strength, wildness', W gwst 'strengúY < 
*ghus-tu- similar to ON gustr 'gust, blasť < 
*ghus-ti-. Torp-Falk 137; Jóhannesson 
IEW 315-318; Pokorný I 447-448; 



Vries ANEW 170-171; Lerchner 91; 
Seebold 227-228; Bammesberger Mom. 
65; Adams TB 186. 

*3eutanan str.vb.: Goth giutan 'to pour', 
ON gjóta 'to drop, to uhrow', OE 3eótan 
'to pour', OFris bi-jata 'to water', OS 
giotan 'to pour', OHG giozan id. Close to 
Toch AB kutk- 'to cast in a moulď, Lat 
fundo 'to pour', perf. fúdi. Probably, an 
extension of *gheu- id.: Toch AB ku- 'to 
pour', Skt juhóti 'to pour in the fire', Gk 
xéa> 'to pour' (Aufrecht KZ I 119). 
Zupitza Gutt. 203; Torp-Falk 136; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 128; Walde-Hofmann I 
563-564; Feist 216; Jóhannesson IEW 
315-318; Pokorný I 447-448; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 91; Vries ANEW 170; 
Onions 373; Benveniste IEL 476, 482; 
Seebold 228-229; Lehmann GED 156- 
157; Kluge-Seebold 324; Adams 77? 
179-180, 183. 

*3eutaz ~ *3eu{)az sb.m.: ON gjóSr 
'Falco haliaetus', OE earnseát 'goat- 
eagle, vulture', OHG erin-grioz 'a kind of 
eagle' (for *-3Íoz?). Of uncertain origin. 
Johansson BB XIII 117-118 (*'fisher', 
related to Gk í/Sút; 'fish'); Vries ANEW 
170 (to *3aujanan). 

*3ěbiz adj.: ON gefi 'meek, quieť, OFris 
jeve 'passable', MLG gěve 'available', 
MHG gicbe 'pleasanť. Derived from 
*3ebanan. Rooth Wwtst. 22-23; Kar- 
sten MB I 98; Torp-Falk 126; Vries 
ANEW 197; Seebold 217-219; Matzel 
Festschr. Schroder 102, KZ CV 112; Hei- 
dermanns 236-237; Kluge-Seebold 294. 

*3ěbo(n) sb.f: Burg *giba 'gifť, latě ON 
gáfa id., MHG gabe id. Derived from 
*3ebanan. Torp-Falk 126; Kóbler 710. 

*3ěnan athem.: Crim Goth geen 'to go', 
OSwed gá id., OE 3án id., OFris gan id., 
OS gan id., MHG gan, gen id. Connected 
with Skt jáháti 'to leave, to abandon', Av 
zazaiti 'to retům, to give birtíi (?)'. 
Osthoff Suppl. 57-58; Grienberger Got. 
82-83; Helten PBB XXXV 285-287; 
Meillet MSL XX 104; Bartholomae 
1687; Torp-Falk 120; Feist 181-182, 
213; Holthausen AEEW 123; Mayr- 



3enan 



134 



3inanan 



hofer I 426; Pokorný I 418-419; 
Onions 403; Seebold 216-217 (to Gk 
ohavní 'to reach, to hiť, Skt med. jíhite); 
Lehmann GED 138; Kluge-Seebold 
307. 

*3ětiz adj.: ON á-gattr 'famous, excellenť, 
OE or-^íete 'plausible'. Derived fom *3eta- 
nan. Karsten MB I 100; Holthausen 
AEEW 130; Vries ANEW 198; Seebold 
227; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 102, R'Z 
CV 112; Heidermanns 243. 

*3ětjanan wk.vb.: ON gteta 'to watch, 
to tenď, OFris gěta, gata 'to observe'. 
Derived from *3itiz. Noreen ANF III 
16 (from * 3 a-axtjan); Kock ANF XIII 164 
(follows Noreen); Falk-Torp ND 321 
(directíy from *3etanan); Torp-Falk 121 
(reconstruct *3awatjanan, to *3awěnan)\ 
Vries ANEW 197-198. 

*3Íěnan wk.vb.: OHG giěn 'to strive, to 
aspire'. Related to Toch B kay- 'to open 
wide', Lat hio 'to open, to be open, to 
gape', Lith žióju, žióti 'to open mouth', 
Slav *zějq, *zějati id. Persson Beitráge 
318 (OE 3Íscian 'to sob' compared to 
Lat hlsco 'to open, to gape, to yawn'); 
Torp-Faek 133; Trautmann BS] V 368; 
Walde-Hofmann I 647-648; Pokorný I 
419-422; Fraenkel 1312; Seebold 220; 
Vasmer-Trubachev II 98; Lehmann 
GED 104; Adams TB 153. 

*3Ílan ~ *3Í16 sb.n./f: ON gil 'deep nar- 
row glen widr a stream at bottom', MDu 
giel 'open mouth', OHG gil 'hernia'. 
Derived from *3Íěnan. Zupltza Gutt. 
203; Vries ANEW 166. 

*3Ímiz sb.f: ON gymbr 'ewe lamb of a year 
olď, OFrank in-gimus 'one winter old ani- 
mal'. From the zero grade of the word 
for 'winter', cf. Skt himá- 'winter, colď, 
Gk bva-xmoq 'stormy, wintery', Lat bimus 
'two years olď < *bi-himus. See *3omz. 
Zetterholm apud Vries (secondary 
ON -ji-); Torp-Falk 127; Walde- 
Hofmann I 106; Pokorný I 425; Vries 
ANEW 196. 

*3Ínan sb.n.: ON gin 'mouth (of beasts)', 
OE sin 'gap, opening, abyss', OHG voltům 
'vasto ore'. Derived from *ginanan. 



ZuprrzA Gutt. 203; Holthausen AEEW 
131; Vries ANEW 167; Seebold 219; 
Bammesberger Nom. 73. 

*3Ípójanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. gipa 'to 
gape', OE part. jjipi^end 'yawning'. 
Related to *3Íenaiií Zupitza Gutt. 203; 
Torp-Falk 134; Vries ANEW 161 (to 
*ghei- 'to yawn'). 

*3ičtaz sb.m.: OHG glt 'voracity'. Con- 
tinues IE *gheidh-\ Lith geidžiú, gásti 'to 
desire', Slav *zbdaú 'to wait, to expecť 
(Zupitza Gutt. 173). Derivationally similar 
to Lith gaídas 'violent desire'. Further 
related to *3Íenan. Schmidt Vok. I 73; 
Meillet MSL XIV 349; Torp-Falk 134; 
Trautmann BS]V 82; Pedersen K£ 
XXXVIII 390; Pokorný I 426-428; 
Vasmer-Trubachev II 39; Lehmann 
GED 104. 

*3Ífraz adj.: ON hap. leg. gífr 'greedy', OE 
3Ífre 'greedy, covetous'. An alternativě 
reconstruction is *3ibraz. Derived from 
*3Íěnan. Cf. *3iraz. Zupitza Gutt. 203; 
Torp-Falk 134; Holthausen AEEW 
130; Wissmann jVP 41-42; Pokorný I 
421; Vries ANEU T 166 (to Lat hippitare 
'oscitare'); Heidermanns 237-238 (based 
on *3\fez-). 

*3Í3ěnan ~ *3Ín3ěnan wk.vb.: Goth ga- 
geigan 'to gain, to acquire', OHG gingěn, 
gingon 'to yearn'. A reduplicated deriva- 
tive of *3Íěnan (Grienberger Got. 82) sim- 
ilar to *3an3anan < *3inan. Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXX 283 (reduplication); Zupitza 
Gutt. 173, 203 (samé as Grienberger); 
Torp-Falk 134, 565; Wissmann NP 156; 
Feist 181; Pokorný I 424 (to *ghěi- 'to 
yawn'); Lehmann GED 137. 

*3Ílan sb.n.: Norw dial. gil 'beer in a keg', 
Du gijl id. Of unknown origin. Torp- 
Falk 120 (to *3ailaz)\ Pokorný I 452; 
Vries ANEW 166. 

*3im6n sb.f: ON gíma 'vast opening', G 
dial. gim id. Derived from *3Íenan. 
Zupitza Gutt. 203; Pokorný I 420; Vries 
ANEW 167. 

*3Ínanan str.vb.: ON gína 'to yawn, to 
gape', OE 3Ínan 'to yawn', OS glnan 'to 
yawn' (mainly wk.), OHG ginanto 'hian- 



3inanan 



135 



3laumaz 



ter'. Derived from *3Íenan. Zupitza 
Gutt. 203; Torp-Falk 133; Holthausen 
AEEW 123-124, 131; Jóhannesson IEW 
300-305; Pokorný I 419-420; Vries 
ANEW 167; Onions 1018; Seebold 219- 
221; Kluge-Seebold 295. 

*3Íraz sb.m.: Norw dial. gir 'lust, passion', 
OHG gir 'vulture'. Derived from *3Íenan. 
Torp-Falk 133; Pokorný I 420. 

*3Íslaz sb.m.: Goth prop. Gisla-mundus, 
ON gísl 'hostage', OE 3Ísel 'pledge, 
hostage', OFris jěsel, gísel id., OS gisal id., 
OHG gisal id. Continues IE *gheidh-tlo-s 
together with Gaul -geistlus (in prop.), 
Olr gell id., W gwystl id., OCorn guistel 
id., Bret goestl 'gage, caution' or *gheis- 
(o)lo- together with Olr gíall 'hostage'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 217; Torp-Falk 135; 
Holthausen AEE\ V 131; Pokorný I 426; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 97; Vries ANE1\' 
168; Zalizniak I 131; Bammesberger 
Nom. 88; Kluge-Seebold 308. 

*3Íslaz ~ *3izlaz sb.m.: Icel gill 'parhe- 
lion, mock-sun', Langob gisil 'arrow'. 
Related to *3aizaz. Torp-Falk 121. 

*3Ísl5janan wk.vb.: ON gísla 'to give as 
hostage', OE 3Íslian id., MDu giselen 'to 
také hostage', MHG ver-gíseln 'to give as a 
hostage'. Derived from *3islaz. Vries 
ANEW 168. 

*3lada-líkaz adj.: ON glad-ligr 'glad, 
bright, cheerful', OE ^led-líc 'bright, 
pleasant, kinď. Derived from *3ladaz. 
Heidermanns 244. 

*3ladaz adj.: Burg *glads 'glad, shining', 
ON gladr 'glad, bright', OE j/íSí/ 'shining, 
bright', OFris gled 'smooth', MLG glat 
'shining', OHG glat 'clear, lighť. Related 
to Lat glaber 'smooth', Lith glodús 'tender', 
Slav *gladbkb 'smooth'. Diefenbach KZ 
XVI 222; Karsten NB I 57; Zupitza 
Gutt. 174; Walde /FXLX 104 (to Lat lae- 
tus 'luxurianť); Ernout MSL XIII 339; 
Torp-Falk 147; Holthausen AEE1\' 
132; Walde-Hofmann I 603; Schwarz 
Festschr. Trier 445-449; Pokorný I 432; 
Fraenkel 158; Vries ANEW 171; Meid 
KZ LXXIX 292-293; Onions 399; 
Trubachev ESSJa VI 115-116; Kobler 



710; Heidermanns 244-245 (to *3loanan); 
Kluge-Seebold 326. 

*3lad5janan wk.vb.: ON glaia 'to glad- 
den', OE 3Íadian 'to be glad, to make 
glaď. Derived from *3ladaz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 132; Vries ANEW 171; 
Heidermanns 244. 

*3laimiz ~ *3laimón sb.m.: OE 3lém 
'brightness, splendor, radiance', OHG 
gleimo 'glow-worm'. Derived from *3lima- 
nan. Close to Latv glairna 'fun, joke'. 
Torp-Falk 148; Holthausen AEEW 
132; Onions 400. 

*3laipjanan wk.vb.: ON gleipa 'to mock', 
OHG part. gi-gleifit 'oblique, crookeď. 
Derived from *3lipanan. Wood MP IV 
492-493; Vries ANE]V 172. 

*3lanaz I sb.m.: Norw glan 'skylighť, 
MHG glan 'shine'. Substantivized *3lanaz 
II. Heidermanns 246. 

*3lanaz II adj.: OHG glan 'soft, sweeť. 
Identical with Olr glan 'shining, clean', W 
glan id. Pokorný I 429; Heidermanns 
246 (reconstructs OHG superl. *glamsta; 
to *3loanan). 

*3lasan ~ *3lazan sb.n.: ON gler 'glass', 
OE j/iřj id., 3lier 'amber', OFris gles 
'glass', OS glas id., MLG glar 'resin', 
OHG glas 'glass, amber'. Substantivized 
*3Íason. Borrowed to Lat glěsum, glaesum 
'amber'. Zupitza KZ XXXVII 398 
(to Slav *glazb 'stone, pebble'); Torp- 
Falk 147-148; Walde-Hofmann I 
604; Holthausen AEEh 7 132; Pokorný 
I 432; Vries ANEW 172; Zalizniak 
I 140; Onions 400; Kluge-Seebold 
326. 

*3las5n adj.: ON verd-glasi 'shining from 
lightnings', OS glasa 'grey-blue'. Further 
connected with *3ladaz and *3Íastaz. 
Heidermanns 247. 

*3lastaz sb.m.: MHG glast 'shine'. 
Identical with Olr glas 'light green, light 
blue' < *ghbs-to- (Meto KZ LXXLX 292- 
293). Furuher connected with *3lason. 
Zupitza Gutt. 174; Heidermanns 247. 

*3laumaz sb.m.: ON glaumr 'merry noise', 
OE 3Íeám joyous noise, jubilation'. Iden- 
tical with Slav *glunrb 'joke' (Berneker I 



3laumaz 



136 



3liwan 



308). Zupitza Gutt. 174; Torp-Falk 
149; Holthausen AEE)V 132; Pokorný I 
451; Vries AMEW 171; Stang LS 22-23; 
Trubachev ESSJa VI 147-148. 

*3lawwaz adj.: Goth adv. glaggwaba, : 
wuba 'meticulously, diligendy', ON 
'clear-sighted, clear, clever', OE sléaw 
'clear-sighted, wise, prudenť, OS glau 
'clever, intelligenť, MHG glau 'attentíve, 
intelligenť. If the originál meaning is 
'clear', to be compared with Gk ykoo^ 
'greenish-yellow'. Uhlenbeck Got. Wb. 
65 (to *3lóanan); Persson Beitráge 794—795 
(close to Uhlenbeck); Brugmann IF XVI 
500 (to Lith žveígti 'to look'); Torp-Falk 
149; Feist 216; Holthausen AEEW 132; 
Pokorný I 433; Trubachev Slav. jaz. V 
172 (to Slav *gluzdb 'mind, brain'); Vrles 
AMEW 177; Henry KZ LXXVII 140- 
145; Llndeman Verscháifung 150; Seebold 
/FLXXVI 328; Lehmann GED 157 (fol- 
lows Uhlenbeck); Heidermanns 247- 
248. 

*3lentěnan wk.vb.: Norw dial. gletta 'to 
look', ME glenten 'to appear, to look'. 
Identical with Latv glendet 'to look, to 
look for', Slav *gle\děti, *glgdati 'to look' 
(Schmidt Vok. I 57). Further cf. Olr 
inglennat 'investiganť (Pedersen Kelt. Gr. 
II 539). Zupitza KZ XXXVI 66; 
Torp-Falk 147; Trautmann BSW 92; 
Pokorný I 431; Vasmer-Trubachev I 
418. 

*3lěsjanan wk.vb.: ON glcesa 'to make 
shining, to embellish', MLG glaren 'to 
shine'. Derived from *3lason. Vries 
AME1V 177. 

*3lid5n sb.f.: ON gleda 'kite, Milvus 
regalis', OE 3Íida id., MLG glede id. 
Derived from *3Íidanan. Charpentier 
KZ XL 434 (to Gk xe^Sróv 'swallow'); 
Holthausen AEEW 132; Vrtes AMEW 
172; Onions 400. 

*3limm5janan wk.vb.: Swed glimma 'to 
shine', Du glimmen id. Of imitative origin. 
Vries AMEW 175. 

*3lis5janan wk.vb.: Norw dial. glisa 'to 
glimmer', OE jlisian 'to shine, to glisten', 
OFris glisa id., MLG glisen 'to shine, to 



glisten'. Cf. *3limmojanan. Torp-Falk 
149; Pokorný I 433. 

*3lit(a)rójanan wk.vb.: ON glitra 'to 
glitter', MHG glitzern id. Derived from 
*3&>. Torp-Falk 148; Vries AMEW 
174. 

*3lídanan str.vb.: OSwed glida 'to glide' 
(if not from WGmc), OE slídan id., OFris 
glida id., OS glidan 'to slip', OHG glitan 
'to glide'. A voiced variant of the root 
attested in *klipón. Torp-Falk 148; 
Holthausen AEEW 133; Jóhannesson 
IEW 375-382; Pokorný I 433 (to 
*3litanan); Onions 401; Seebold 230-231 
(to Latv glaidit 'to stroke' or IE *ghlei- 'to 
shine'); Kluge-Seebold 327. 

*3límanan str.vb.: Norw gllma 'to smol- 
der', MHG glímen 'to shine'. Related to 
*3liqjanan. Torp-Falk 148. 

*3lím5n sb.m.: OS glimo 'brightness', 
OHG glím, glimo 'glow-worm'. Related 
to *3llmanan. Torp-Falk 148; Onions 
400. 

*3líojanan wk.vb.: ON gljá 'to glitter', 
OFris glla id. Related to Gk %k\(a 'to lux- 
uriate, to revel' (Persson Beitráge II 793- 
794). Torp-Falk 148; Pokorný I 432; 
Vrtes AMEW 175; Frisk II 1103-1104. 

*3lípanan str.vb.: Norw dial. gllpa 'to 
stay open', MHG glífen 'to slanť. An 
emphatic derivative of *3liojanan. Torp- 
Falk 148-149. 

*3lítanan str.vb.: OS glitan 'to shine', 
OHG glízan id. Zero grade is attested in 
ON wk. glita 'to shine, to glitter' < 
*3litqjan. Maybe related to Gk %X,i8t| 
'voluptuousness, luxury'. On the other 
hand, cf. *3Íiojan. Torp-Falk 148; Feist 
216-217; Jóhannesson IEW 375-382; 
Pokorný I 433; Frisk II 1103-1104; 
Onions 401; Seebold 231-232 (to Mír 
glé 'clear'); Lehmann GED 157; Kluge- 
Seebold 327. 

*3lítiz sb.m.: ON glit 'glitter', OHG gliz 
'brightness'. Related to *3Íitanan. Vries 
AMEW 174; Seebold 231; Lehmann GED 
157. 

*3líwan sb.n.: ON glý 'glee, gladness', OE 
3IÍW 'glee, joy'. Cf. Olr glé 'shining, 



3liwan 



137 



3na3anan 



brighť < *gleiuo-. Further related to 
* 3 llqjanan. Fick I 419, III 149 (to Gk 
xA.eíiti 'joke, jest'); Torp-Falk 148; 
Holthausen AE7ÍT I 7 133; Pokorný I 432, 
451; Vries ANEW 176; Onions 400. 

*3l6anan str.vb.: OE slówan 'to glow'. 
Continucs *ghlo(u)- distantly related to 
*ghel- 'to shine', cf. *3lawwaz. Torp- 
Falk 149; Holthausen AEE1V 133; 
Jóhannesson IEW 375-376; Pokorný I 
430, 433; Vries ANEW 175; Onions 402; 
Seebold 233. 

*3lóčtiz sb.f.: ON glób 'red-hot embers' 
(root stem), OE 3léd 'burning coal, 
ember, fire, fláme', OFris glěd 'ember, 
hot coal', MLG glód id., OHG gluot id. 
Derived from *^loanan. Stolz Lat. (to 
Lat flamma 'fláme' < *fladma); Zupitza 
Gutt. 174; Torp-Falk 149; Holthausen 
AEEW 133; Pokorný I 430, 433; Vries 
ANEW 175; Zalizniak II 207; Onions 
400; Seebold 233; Kluge- Seebold 329. 

*3l6ďjanan wk.vb.: ON glceSa 'to sparkle', 
OE 3«-j/éř/«n 'to kindle'. Derived from 
*3l5diz. Vries ANEW 177. 

*3lófo(n) sb.m./f.: ON glófi 'glove', OE 3 lóf 
id. Of unknown origin. Wadstein IF V 
23 (from *3a-lof-, to *ldfon); Torp-Falk 
119; Holthausen AEEW 133; Vries 
ANEW 175; Onions 402. 

*3lómaz sb.m.: Norw glóm 'transparent 
membráně', OE 3IÓ171 'twilight, gloom'. 
Derived from *3Í5anan. Torp-Falk 149. 

*3ló5janan wk.vb.: ON glóa 'to shine, to 
glitter', OFris part. gliand 'to glow', OS 
gloian id., OHG gluoen 'to glow, to burn'. 
Derived from *3Ídanan. Torp-Falk 149; 
Seebold 233; Kluge-Seebold 329. 

*3l5raz adj.: EFris sbst. glor 'bright 
embers'. Identical with Gk yXmpíiq 
'greenish-yellow'. Torp-Falk 149; Po- 
korný I 430; Frisk II 1109-1110; Vries 
ANEW 175 (adds ON fagr-glór 'shining' 
but -glóz < *3Íd(w)az). 

*3l6rójanan wk.vb.: Norw glora 'to staré', 
ME 3Íóren id., OFris gloren 'to glow'. 
Derived from *3laraz. Torp-Falk 149; 
Vries ANEW 175. 

*3lum5janan wk.vb.: Norw gluma 'to 



become dark', ME gloume, gloumbe 'to look 
sullen'. Derived from *3lumaz. Pokorný 
I 433; Onions 401; Vries ANEW 176. 

*3lupn5janan wk.vb.: ON glúpna 'to look 
downcasť, ME 3Íopnen 'to be surpriseď. 
Related to *3lúpanan. Torp-Falk 150. 

*3luppó(n) ~ *3luppan sb.f./n.: Icel 
gloppa 'spliť, EFris glopp id., Du glop 'nar- 
row passage'. Maybe related to Slav 
*glybb 'depth' unless the latter is a 
secondary variant of *glqbb id. Torp- 
Falk 150; Vries ANEW 175; Vasmer- 
Trubachev I 417-418. 

*3lúmaz adj.: ON sbst. glúmr 'bear', EFris 
glum 'dark look', LG gliím id. Probably 
from *ghlu-mo- related to Gk yXóoq, 
y\ox>^ 'greenish-yellow', cf. *3lawwaz. 
Pokorný I 433; Vries ANEW 1 76. 

*3lúmjanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. glyma 
'to staré sullenly', EFris glúmen 'to look 
secretly'. Derived from *3lúmaz. Po- 
korný I 433. 

*3lúpan sb.n.: Norw dial. glúp 'gulleť, 
EFris glúpe 'rift, crevice'. See *3luppo(n) ~ 
*3Íuppan. Torp-Falk 150. 

*3lúpanan str.vb.: Norw dial. glúpa 'to 
gape', OFris glúpa 'to look' (wk.), MLG 
glúpen 'to cast a secret look with half- 
opened eyes' (wk.). Originally, a strong 
verb. Related to Slav *gluprb 'latě (of 
night), stupid, dumb', despite the irregu- 
lar correspondence of labials. Torp- 
Falk 150 (to *3lúpan). 

*3lúrjanan wk.vb.: Norw glýra 'to cast a 
pierce side glance', MHG glúren 'to lurk'. 
Cf. *3lumjanan. Torp-Falk 149-150; 
Vries ANE]V 176 (to ON glys 'finery'). 

*3nadďan sb.n.: ON gnadd 'grumbling, 
muttering'. Of imitative origin. Vries 
ANEW lil. 

*3naddr5janan wk.vb.: Norw gnadra 
'grumble', G gndttem id. Derived from 
*3naddan. Vries ANE] L 177. 

*3na3anan str.vb.: ON gnaga 'to gnaw', 
OE 3na3an id., MLG gnagen id., OHG 
gnagan id. Related to Toch B nask- 'to 
eat, to gnaw', Av aiwi-ynixta 'gnaweď 
(Persson IVurzelerw. 136; Siebs K~ 
XXXVII 321). Bartholomae 89; Torp- 



3na3anan 



138 



3oljanan 



Falk 137; Holthausen AEEl\ r 133; 
Jóhannesson IEW 337-341; Pokorný I 
436-437; Vries ANEW 177-178 (to IE 
*ghen- 'to gnaw'); Onions 403; Seebold 
233-234; Rluge-Seebold 581; Adams 
TB 334. 

*3naist5n sb.m./f.: ON gneisti 'spark', OE 
Snást id. (< *3naistaž), OHG gneista id. 
Closely related to OPrus knaistis 'fire' 
(Johansson PBB XrV 355). Fiok KZ 
XXI 1 (from *3a-xnaista-)\ Zupitza Gutt. 
120; Torp-Falk 96 (follow Fick); 
Johansson IF XrX 136 (from *san-aista-, 
to *ghen- 'to grate, to rub' and *aidh- 'to 
burn'); Holthausen AEE]\ t 133; Vries 
ANE1V 178. 

*3najjójanan ~ *xnajjójanan wk.vb.: 
ON gneggja 'to neigh', OE hniésan id., OS 
hněgian id., MHG negen, nyhen id. Of imi- 
tative origin (Walde-Pokorny I 394). 
Siebs KZ XXXVII 321 (to * 3 na3anan); 
Holthausen AEEW 165; Vries ANEW 
178. 

*3narr5janan wk.vb.: Norw gnarra 
'to blow (of cold wind)', E dial. gnarr 'to 
growl', OFris gnarren 'to crunch, to 
gnash', LG gnamn id. Of imitative origin. 
Vries ANEW 179 (to ON gnarr 'sea'). 

*3nastjanan wk.vb.: ON gnesta 'to crack', 
G dial. gnasten 'to pelt down, to patter'. 
Of imitative origin. Noreen Gr. § 91; 
Vries AMW 178. 

*3natr5janan wk.vb.: ON gnqtra 'to clat- 
ter', E dial. gnatter 'to growl', EFris gnatern 
id., LG gnetern 'to make a noise'. Of imi- 
tative origin. Vries ANEW 181. 

*3nattaz sb.m.: Swed dial. gnatt 'mote', 
OE smet 'gnať, LG gnatte id., G dial. 
Gnatze id. Connected with *jnito? Torp- 
Falk 137; Holthausen AEEl\ r 133; 
Pokorný I 436; Onions 403. 

*3nitó sb.f: ON gnit 'niť. Closely related 
to Slav *gnida id., Lith glinda id. (< 
*gmnda), Latv gríida id. (Persson Beitrage 
94-96, 202). Can be further connected to 
such phonetically diverging forms as Gk 
kovÍc; id., Alb theri ~ theni < PAlb *tsanid(i. 
See *xnitz. Zupitza Gutt. 120; Wadsteln 
IF V 16 (from *sa-xnit-); Wood IF 



XVIII 24-26; Meillet MSL XXII 143; 
Pokorný I 437; Fraenkel 157-158; 
Vries ANEW 179; Frisk I 912-913; 
Orel AED 476. 

*3nídanan wk.vb.: Swed gnida 'to rub', OE 
^nídan 'to rub, to break', MLG gniden 'to 
rub', OHG gnitan id. Continues *ghnei-t- 
or *ghnei-dh- related to Toch B nitt- 
'to break, to crush', Gk %víe.i- \|/aK<i^ei, 
OptmxEi, Slav gniti 'to roť. Persson Bei- 
trage II 811; Torp-Falk 138; Holthausen 
AEEW 133; Jóhannesson IEW 337-341; 
Pokorný I 436-437; Vries ANElť 179; 
Frisk II 1106; Seebold 234; Trubachev 
ESSJa VI 176-177; Adams TB 337-338. 

*3oáa-líkaz adj.: ON jqfh-gói-ligr 'equally 
cosdy' (uncertain reading), OE sádlíc 
'gooď, OS gód-lik id., OHG guot-líh 'glo- 
rious'. Derived from *sódaz. Hetder- 

MANNS 251. 

*3Ďáaz adj.: Goth gops 'gooď, ON góor id., 
OE 3Ód id., OFris gód id., OS god id., 
OHG guot id. Related to Lith guodas 
'honor', goda id., Latv gúods id., Slav 
*goditi 'to please, to fiť, *godbrn> 'fitting'. 
Legerlotz KZ VIII 416 (to Gk áya6ó<; 
'gooď); Grassmann KZ XII 129; Schmidt 
l^XXV 150 (hesitandy follows Leger- 
lotz); Torp-Falk 124; Feist 218; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 134; Bartoli AGU 
XXXII 97-114; Pokorný I 423-424; 
Fraenkel 159-160; Vries ANEW 181; 
Onions 405; Stang LS 23-24; Lehmann 
GED 158; Trubachev ESSJa VI 188- 
190; Heidermanns 250-252; Beekes KZ 
CIX 227-230 (non-IE loan); Kluge- 
Seebold 343. 

*3Ódín sb.f: Goth godei 'virtue, goodness', 
OS godi 'goodness', OHG guoti 'goodness, 
virtue'. Derived from *sódaz. Feist 217; 
Heidermanns 251. 

*3Čdjanan wk.vb.: ON gceda 'to endow, to 
enrich', MDu ver-goeden 'to reimburse', 
MHG gúeten 'to expiate, to make up for'. 
Derived from *sódaz. Structurally close to 
Slav *gaditi 'to indulge, to gratify', *gadjati 
'to hiť. Vrdís ANEW 198; Trubachev 
ESSJa VI 80; Heidermanns 251. 

*3Óljanan wk.vb.: Goth goljan 'to greeť, 



3oljanan 



139 



3ramaz 



ON gala 'to comfort, to soothe'. Con- 
nected with *^alanan. Structurally close to 
the isolated Slav *galiti 'to jump, to tri- 
umph, to laugh' (Berneker I 293). 
Zupitza Gutt. 172; Torp-Falk 130; Feist 
217; Vries ANEW 198 (to * 3 ellanan); 
Seebold 212; Lehmann GED 157; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa VI 92-94 (Slav *galiti to 
Gk $á\\(ů 'to throw'). 

*3omaz ~ *3Óm6n sb.m.: ON gómr 
'palatě', OE sóma id., MHG guome id. 
Related to Lith gomurys 'throat, gulleť 
(Schueze KZ XXVII 29). Zupitza Gutt. 
175; Torp-Falk 135 (to Gk ^t|ij.ti 'yawn- 
ing, gaping'); Trautmann BS]V 77; 
Holthausen AEEW 134; Pokorný I 449 
(to *3aujanan); Chemodanov SGGJa I 73; 
Vries AMEW 182; Zalizniak I 153; 
Onions 419; Fvluge-Seebold 302. 

*3Ďmz sb.f.: Norw dial. go 'period of 
February— March'. Cf. also ON fem. gói 
'month from the middle of February to 
the middle of March'. Continues nom. 
*ghiom. Related to Skt himá- 'cold, win- 
ter', héman- 'winter', Gk xxíov 'snow', Arm 
jiwn id., Lat hiems 'winter', Olr gaim id., 
Lith ziema id., Slav *zima id. Pedersen 
Kelt. Gr. I 66; Trautmann BSW 367-368; 
Walde-Hofmann I 645-646; Specht KZ 
LXII 115; Pokorný I 425; Fraenkel 
1306; FriskII 1079-1081. 

*3rabanan str.vb.: Godr graban 'to dig', 
ON gráfa id., OE 3rafan id., OFris grěna, 
griova id., OS gravan id., OHG graban id. 
Related to Lith grebiu, grebti 'to rake', Slav 
*grebq, *grebti 'to rake, to dig' (Sohleicher 
KZ I 142), Alb kreh ~ kref 'to comb' < 
PAlb *grebska. Zupitza Gutt. 175; Torp- 
Falk 140-141; Feist 218-219; Holt- 
hausen AEEl\ r 136; Pokorný I 456; 
Fraenkel 165-166; Vries ANEW 184; 
Onions 411; Stang LS 24; Seebold 235- 
237; Trubachev ESSJa VII 109-110; 
Lehmann GED 158-159; Orel AED 195. 

*3rabilaz sb.m.: ON grefill 'little hoe', 
OHG grebil 'peg'. Derived from *jraba- 
nan. Structurally similar to Slav *greb(~b)lo 
'rake, spade, shověl'. Vrtes ANEW 185; 
Trubachev ESSJa VII 110-111. 



*3rabjaz ~ *3rabjan sb.m./n.: ON grefr 
'hoe', OE jriefe 'graving instrument'. 
Derived from *^rabanan. Identical with 
Slav *grobja 'heap of stones, pit, mountain 
ridge' (from old neut.?). Torp-Falk 
141; Vries ANEW 185; Seebold 236; 
Trubachev ESSJa VII 132. 

*3rabó ~ *3raban sb.f./n.: Goth graba 
'trench, ditch', ON graf 'hole, pit' (pardy 
< *jrabiz), OE sref 'grave, trench', OS 
graf 'grave', OHG grab id. Derived from 
*jrabanan. Structurally close to Slav 
*grob'b 'grave'. Torp-Falk 141; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 135; Feist 218-219; 
Pokorný I 456; Vries ANEW 193; 
Zalizniak II 196; Onions 411; Seebold 
235; Trubachev ESSJa VII 133-134; 
Lehmann GED 158-159. 

*3raftuz ~ *3raftiz sb.m./f: ON groptr 
'digging, burial', OE jrieft 'carving', OFris 
greft 'digging', MLG graft 'pit, tomb', 
OHG sraft 'chiseling, anaglyph'. De- 
rived from *3rabanan. Torp-Falk 141 
Holthausen AEE]V 135; Pokorný I 456 
Vries ANE]\ r 193; Zalizniak II 199 
Seebold 236. 

*3raipiz adj.: ON hard-greipr 'hard- 
clutcheď, OE tet-^répe 'grasping, seizing'. 
Derived from *3ňpanan. Holthausen 
AEEW 135; Seebold 237; Matzel 
Festschr. Schroder 94-95, KZ CV 96; 
Hetdermanns 253. 

*3raipo sb.f: ON greip 'space between the 
thumb and the other íingers' (traces of a 
root stem in pl.), OE jráp 'grasp, clutch', 
MDu grepe 'fisť, OHG greifa 'fork, tri- 
denť. Derived from *^rípanan. Torp- 
Falk 144; Holthausen AEE]V 136; 
Pokorný I 457-458; Vries ANEW 
186-187; Zalizniak II 208; Seebold 
237; Lehmann GED 160; Bammesberger 
Nom. 1 06. 

*3ramaz adj.: ON gramr 'furious', OE $ram 
id., OS gram 'hostile', OHG gremi 'grim, 
wilď (j«-stem). Related to Av gen. pl. 
grammtam 'angry', and further to Gk 
Xpónoi; 'noise, neighing', Slav *gromb 
'thunder', a deverbative formation based 
on IE *ghrem-. Torp-Falk 142; Wood 



3ramaz 



140 



3raupiz 



IF XXII 163; Holthausen AEEW 136 
Karsten NB II 452; Pokorný I 458-459 
Vries ANEW 184; Frisk II 1116-1117 
Onions 414; Trubachev ESSJa VII 138 
Lehmann GED 159; Heidermanns 253- 
254; Kluge-Seebold 333. 

*3ramitjanan ~ *3rumitjanan wk.vb.: 
Norw grymta 'to grunt', OE 3re?nettan, 
Srymettan 'to roar, to rage'. Cf. also OHG 
gremizzon 'to grumble' < *3ramitojanan. 
Close to Gk xP e ^exí^co 'to neigh, to 
whinny', pres. *xpe|rí^(0. Further cf. 
*jramjanan. Torp-Falk 142; Pokorný I 
458; Frisk II 1116-1117. 

*3ramín sb.f.: ON gremi 'anger, wrath', 
OS gremi id., OHG gremi id Derived from 
*3ramjanan. Torp-Falk 142; Vries 
ANEW 187; Heidermanns 254. 

*3ramjanan wk.vb.: Goth gramjan 'to 
anger, to provoke', ON gremja 'to anger', 
OE sremian 'to provoke, to irritate', OHG 
gremmen 'to anger, to irritate'. Derived 
from *3ramaz. Structurally identical with 
Slav *gromiti 'to thunder, to destroy'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 175 (to Gk ^peiií^co 'to 
neigh', Lat fremo 'to roar, to resounď, 
but see *irem(m)anan); Torp-Falk 142 
Holthausen AEEW 136; Feist 219 
Pokorný I 458; Vries ANEW 187 
Onions 414; Trubachev ESSJa VII 
137; Lehmann GED 159; Heidermanns 
254. 

*3randó(n) sb.m./f: ON grandi 'isthrnus', 
LG grand 'rough sanď. Derived from 
*3rendanan. Structurally close to Slav 
*grqdb ~ *grqda 'heap, lump'. Torp- 
Falk 140 (to Gk ^óv8po<; 'granule, lump' 
< ? *xpóv8po(;); Pokorný I 459; Vries 
ANEW 184; Trubachev ESSJa VII 
146-148. 

*3ranj5janan wk.vb.: ON grenja 'to howl, 
to bellow', OE srennian 'to grin', OHG 
grennan 'to show the teeth', OHG grennon 
'to whimper'. A descriptive stem, cf. OE 
Sránian 'to groan, to lamenť < *jrainó- 
janan, OHG grinnen 'to show the teeth' < 
*3rennanan. Torp-Falk 140; Holthau- 
sen AEE]\ T 137; Sturtevant JEGP 
XXXV 216 (from *3a-xranjanan); Vries 



ANEW 187 (to Skt hnuté 'to be angry'); 
Onions 414; Seebold 240-241. 

*3rannaz adj.: ON grannr 'thin, slim, slen- 
der', LG grann 'mean, sharp'. Related to 
*3ranó. Karsten NB II 320-321, 335- 
336 (reconstructs *3ranpaz); Torp-Falk 
139; Vries ANEW 185; Heidermanns 
254-255. 

*3ranó sb.f: Goth-Lat acc. pl. granos 'pig- 
tail', ON grqn 'moustache' (pl. granir 
reflects *3raniz), OE sránu id., OHG 
grana, gian id. Related to Slav *grono ~ 
*grona 'grape', *granb, *grana 'branch, 
edge, tip'. Zupitza Gutt. 203; Torp- 
Falk 138-139 (to Gk xpaívro 'to touch 
lightly, to smear, to painť); Holthausen 
AEEW 136; Feist 220; Pokorný I 440; 
Dybo VSJa 25 (pretonic shortening in 
Gmc); Chemodanov SGGJa I 99; Vries 
ANEW 193; Zalizniak II 193; Truba- 
chev ESSJa VII 104-106, 139-140; Leh- 
mann GED 159; Kluge-Seebold 334 (to 
Mír grend 'beard'). 

*3rasa-3roniz adj.: ON gras-grann 'grass- 
green', OE 3ď,rs-3réne id., MDu gras-groene 
id., MHG grase-gruene id. Compound of 
*3rasan and *3roniz. Carr Mom. comp. 60. 

*3rasan sb.n.: Goth gras 'grass', ON gros 
id., OE 3Tes, 3ters id., OFris gers, gres id., 
OS gras id., OHG g)'as id. Related to Lat 
gramen 'grass, stalk' < *ghns-men (Brug- 
mann Morph. Unt. I 50-51) and Slav 
*grozdb 'cluster, bunch (of grapes)' (Ber- 
neker I 355) from IE *ghras-dho-. 
Schmidt K£ XXV 133; Zupitza Gutt. 
203; Wood KZ XLV 63; Holthausen IF 
XVII 294-295, AEEW 135; Torp-Falk 
143; Walde-Hofmann I 616-617; Feist 
220; Kjíahe SuV 75; Pokorný I 454; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 89; Vries ANEW 
185; Zalizniak I 140; Onions 410-411; 
Trubachev ESSJa VII 142; Lehmann 
GED 159-160; Kluge-Seebold 335 (to 
*3roanan). 

*3raupiz adj.: ON arin-greypr 'encompass- 
ing uhe hearth'. Derived from str. *3reu- 
panan > Swed dial. griopa 'to cut ouť. The 
latter is of uncertain origin. Pokorný I 
462; Heidermanns 256. 



3raupjanan 



141 



3reutan 



*3raupjanan wk.vb.: ON greypa 'to 

groove', MLG gropen 'to hollow up'. 

Derived from *3raupiz. Torp-Falk 146; 

Vries AMEW 188 (to *3rep5janan); Hei- 

DERMANNS 256. 

*3rautaz adj.: ON sbst. grautr 'porridge', 
OE jreáž 'great, large, thick', OFris grat 
'large, heavy', OS grot 'large, large-scale', 
OHG groz 'great, large'. Derived from 
*3reutanan. Structurally close to Lith 
graudus 'sprittle, brittle', Latv grauds 'corn, 
grain', Slav *gruda 'heap'. Schmidt Voc. 
I 170 (to Lat grandis 'great, large'); Bersu 
Gutt. 130 (samé as Schmidt); Torp-Falk 
145; Holthausen AEEW 136; Pokorný I 
461; Chemodanov SGGJa I 77; Fraenkel 
170; Vries AMEW 185; Onions 412 (to 
*3rútan); Seebold 242 (to OHG gi-grozzan 
broth 'panis cretinus', cf. *3reutanan)\ 
Bammesberger Nom. 237; Heidermanns 
256; Hoad WGE 124-131; Kluge- 
Seebold 340. 

*3rawjan sb.n.: ON grey 'greyhounď, OE 
3rÍ3-hund id. Of unknown origin. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 137; Vries AMW 188 (to 
*3Těwaz). 

*3remma-líkaz adj.: ON grimm-ligr 
'fierce, fearful', OE 3Úm-lk 'grim, fierce', 
OS adv. grim-liko 'grimly', OHG adv. 
grim-líhho id. Derived from *3remmaz. 
Heidermanns 258. 

*3remmaz adj.: Burg *grimms 'grim', ON 
gnmmr 'grim, stern', OE 3Úm 'sharp, bit- 
ter, fierce, grim', OFris grim 'grim, stern', 
OS giim id., OHG grim id. Connected 
with *3ramaz. Zupitza Gutt. 175; Torp- 
Falk 142; Holthausen AEEW 137; 
Pokorný I 458-459; Vries AMEW 189; 
Onions 414; Lehmann GED 159; Kobler 
710; Heidermanns 258-259; Kluge- 
Seebold 338. 

*3remmibo sb.f.: ON grimd 'grim- 
ness, fierceness', OHG grimmida 'cruelty'. 
Derived from *3remmaz. Heidermanns 
258. 

*3remmjanan wk.vb.: ON grimmask 'to 
chafe, to be furious, OE 3rimman 'to run 
with haste, to rage', OS grimman 'to rage', 
OHG gnmmen id. Derived from *3remmaz. 



Holthausen AEEW 
258. 



137; Heidermanns 



*3renčtan sb.n.: Goth grinda-frapjis 'faint- 
hearted, 6Xiyó\]fV>xo%' , OE 3e-7/ňnd 'grind- 
ing, rubbing together, noise, commotion', 
OHG grint 'impetigo, scab' (mase.). 
Derived from *3rendanan. Feist 222; See- 
bold 240. 

*3rendanan str.vb.: OE 3Úndan 'to grinď. 
Identical with Lat ýrendo 'to rub away, 
to gnash' (Froehde KZ XVIII 313), 
Lith gréndžiu, grpti 'to rub, to serape' 
(Zupitza Gutt. lil). Persson Wwzelerw. 
72-73 (folio ws Froehde); Torp-Falk 
140; Sommer HL 187; Trautmann BSW 
96-97; Holthausen AEEW 137-138; 
Walde-Hofmann I 545—546; Pokorný I 
459; Chemodanov SGGJa 171; Fraenkel 
167; Onions 414; Seebold 240; Lehmann 
GED 160. 

*3renďiz sb.f: ON grind 'lattice-door, 
gate'. Close to Slav *g)\da 'beam', cf. also 
Lith grindá 'floor board, plank' (Lager- 
krantz KZ XXXVII 182-184; Walde IF 
XLX 99). Zupitza Gutt. 176; Pedersen 
KZ XXXVIII 394; Torp-Falk 140; 
Trautmann BSW 98; Trier MGWG NF 
III/4 93 (to *3runiaz); Pokorný I 459; 
Fraenkel 170-171; Vries AMEW 189; 
Trubachev ESSJa VII 120-122. 

*3reunan sb.n.: ON grjón 'groats', OE 3ríen 
'sanď, MLG grěn 'grain of sand, sea 
sand', MHG grien 'sanď. Probably rela- 
ted to Gk aor. év-expaúe 'to serape', W 
gro 'sanď. Torp-Falk 145; Holthausen 
AEEW 137; Pokorný I 460; Vries 
AMEW 190; Frisk II 1115-1116. 

*3reutan sb.n.: ON grjót 'stone, gravel', 
OE 3reót 'sand, dusť, OFris gi'et 'sand, 
gravel', OS giiot id. (mase.), OHG giioz id. 
(mase.). Derived from *3reutanan. Related 
to Latv grauds 'grain', Lith grúodas 'frost, 
frozen street dirť, Slav *gruda ~ *grud~b 
'lump, heap' reflecting IE *ghroud(h)o-. 
Cf. also *3rautaz. Zeuss Deutsch. 407 
(derived the tribal name Greotingi from 
here); Streitberg GE 1 (follows Zeuss); 
Zupitza Gutt. 176; Torp-Falk 145; Buga 
RFV LXXI 468; Feist 221; Holthausen 



3reutan 



142 



3npiz 



AEE]V 137; Pokorný I 461; Fraenkel 
173; Vries ANEW 190; Zalizniak II 168; 
Onions 415; Stang LS 24-25; Seebold 
242; Trubachev ESSJa VII 146-148; 
Lehmann GED 160; Kluge-Seebold 338; 
Dybo BSA 25. 

*3reutanan str.vb.: OHG part. griozan 
c Kpí6woc;'. Related to Lidi grúdžiu, grústi 
'to grind barley to make groats'. See 
*3reutan. Pokorný I 461 ; Fraenkel 173- 
174; Dybo BSA 25. 

*3reutin3az sb.m.: ON prop. Grýtingr, OE 
pl. Greotin^as 'Greuting, East Gothic 
tribal name', OHG Griuzing id. Cf. also 
Lat-Goth ethn. Greotingi. Derived from 
*3reutan (Zeuss Deutsch. 407). Feist 221; 
Svensson jVB V 128-132; Schwarz Germ. 
87, 206 (preserved in OPrus *Graudingis > 
G Graudenz); Vries ANEW 192. 

*3rědu3az ~ *3rěda3az adj.: Goth 
gredags 'hungry', ON grádugr 'greedy', OE 
3rédÍ3 id., OS grddag id., OHG gratag id. 
Derived from *3rěiuz ~ *3ňiaz. Torp- 
Falk 140; Holthausen AEE]V 135; Feist 
220; Vries ANEW 184; Onions 412; 
Lehmann GED 160. 

*3rěčtuz ~ *3rědaz sb.m.: Goth gredus 
'hunger', ON gráSr 'gluttony, greeď, OE 
3réd 'greed, rapacity'. Continues *ghrě-tú- 
~ *ghre-tó-, a derivative of *gher-\ Skt hár- 
yati ! to yearn for, to like', Gk xaíp") 'to 
rejoice' (Bremer PBB XI 280). Struc- 
turally similar to Gk jp.ptóq 'causing de- 
light, welcome'. Hirt PBB XXIII 291; 
Grienberger Got. 99; Zupitza Gutt. 176 
(to Skt gfdhyati 'to desire, to be eager'); 
Grassmann KZ XII 130; Persson Beitrdge 
728; Torp-Falk 140; Holthausen 
AEEW 135; Feist 220; Pokorný I 441 
(reconstructs *ghre-dh-)\ Vries ANEW 
183-184 (to Slav *golďb 'hunger'); Zaliz- 
niak II 199; Frisk II 1062-1064; 
Lehmann GED 160. 

*3rěpójanan wk.vb.: ON grápa 'to pilfer', 
OE 3rápian 'to grope, to touch', MDu 
grapen 'to grope', MHG grapen id. Related 
to Lith grebti 'to rake, to grasp', Slav 
*grebq, *grebti 'to rake, to dig' (Zupitza 
Gutt. 171). The unvoiced *-p- is difncult 



to explain. See *3rabanan. Holthausen 
AEE]V 135; Pokorný I 456; Fraenkel 
165-166; Vries ANEW 185. 

*3rětanan str.vb.: Goth gretan 'to weep', 
ON gráta id., OE 3rétan, 3rétan 'to bewail' 
(wk. part.), OS pret. sg. griat 'to weep'. Of 
unknown origin. Meillet MSL X 280 
(to Skt hrádate 'to sounď); Zupitza Gutt. 
204; Torp-Falk 139; Holthausen K^ 
XLVIII 239, AEE1\ T 135; Feist 221; 
Jóhannesson IEW 403; Pokorný I 439 
(to Slav *gt,rkati 'to coo'); Vries ANE]V 
185; Onions 413; Seebold 241; Lehmann 
GED 160-161. 

*3rětaz sb.m.: Goth grets 'weeping', ON 
grátr id. Derived from *3ritanan. Feist 
221-222; Vries ANEW 185; Seebold 
241. 

*3rěwaz adj.: ON grár 'grey', OE 3^3 id., 
OFris grě id., MDu grau id., OHG grao id. 
Identical widi Lat ravus 'grey' (Vaniček 
98). Uhlenbeck PBB XXVI 298 (to 
Lith žeriú, žereti 'to shine'); Schwentner 
FB 76-79; Horn EngS LIV 74-75; Torp- 
Falk 142-143; Holthausen AEEW 135; 
Karsten NB II 419-421; Pokorný I 
5441-442; Chemodanov SGGJa I 91; 
Vries ANEW 185; Onions 413; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 244; Heidermanns 259; 
Ktuge-Seebold 336. 

*3ridiz sb.f: Goth grips 'step, páce, stand- 
ing', MHG grit 'step, stride'. Related to 
Lith gristi 'to carry, to bring', gridyti 'to 
go' (Siebs KZ XXXVII 321). Persson 
Beitrdge 850; Torp-Falk 143-144 (to 
*3fínan); Búga KS 219 (samé as Siebs); 
Feist 222; Pokorný I 456-457; Fraen- 
kel 171 (follows Siebs); Vries ANEW 503; 
Lehmann GED 161. 

*3ripan sb.n.: ON grip 'grip, grasp', OE 
3e-3Úp 'gripe, seizing', OFris grip 'grip', 
MHG grif id. Derived from *3fípanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 138; Vries ANEW 
189. 

*3ripiz sb.m.: ON gripr 'property, value', 
OE 3rípe 'grip, possession', OFris bi-grip 
'statute, rule', OHG ubar-grif 'break- 
ing, violation'. Derived from *3ňpanan. 
Torp-Falk 144; Holthausen AEEW 



3npiz 



143 



3ronjanan 



138; Vries AJíEW 189; Onions 414; 
Seebold 238; Lehmann GED 160. 

*3rid5 sb.f.: ON gríd Trantic eagerness', 
MHG grit 'desire'. Cannot be separated 
from *3reduz ~ *jrědaz but the vocalism 
presents difficulties. Falk-Torp 144 (to 
*3?idiz); Wadstein IF V 18 (from *ja- 
xňdo); Wood MP I 240 (to Lith greitas 
'quick, nimble'). 

*3rim6n sb.m.: ON gríma 'hood, poitrail', 
OE 3ríma 'mask, visor, helmeť, EFris 
grime id. (fem.), OS gríma 'mask' (fem.), 
OHG grimo id. Close to Gk XP 1 ! 101 
'unguent, oil', Lith gréimas 'cream, slimy 
sediment in water', further connected 
with Lith griejú, grilů 'to skim off milk', 
Gk xpíco 'to smear'. Zupitza Gutt. 
204; Torp-Falk 143-144; Holthausen 
AEEJV 137; Pokorný I 457; Fraenkel 
168; Dybo VSJa 26; Vries AMEW 188; 
Frisk II 1120; Lerchner 89-91. 

*3rinanan str.vb.: ON grína 'to pout, to 
whine', MLG giinen 'to grin', OHG gňnan 
'to bark'. Of imitative origin. Torp- 
Falk 143. 

*3ripanan str.vb.: Goth greipan 'to seize, to 
grasp', ON grípa id., OE jripan id., OFris 
gripa id., OS grípan 'to touch, to také hold 
of, OHG grifem id. Related to Lith^netóž, 
griěbti 'to seize'. Kuhn K£l 139 (to Skt 
grbhnati 'to seize'), 142 (to Slav *grabiti 'to 
rob'); Reiohelt KZ XXXLX 2 1 ; Zupitza 
Gutt. 176; Torp-Faek 144; Feist 220- 
221; Holthausen AEEW 138; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW 392; Pokorný I 457-458; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 72; Fraenkel 
168; Vries ANEW 189; Onions 414; 
Stang LS 24; Seebold 237-239; Leh- 
mann GED 160 (follows Kuhn); Kluge- 
Seebold 336—337. 

*3risanan str.vb.: OE srísan 'to shudder, 
to be frighteneď, MDu grisen 'to shud- 
der'. Identical with Gk xpí™ to rub, to 
anoint, to graze'. Wood MP V 265; 
Torp-Falk 144; Holthausen AEE]V 138 
(to Skt jihréti 'to be ashameď); Pokorný I 
457; Frisk II 1 120; Onions 415; Seebold 
239. 

*3risaz sb.m.: ON sbst. griss 'young pig' 



(? < *'grey'), OFris gris 'grey', OS gris 
id., OHG gris id. Related to *3físanan. 
Torp-Falk 144; Pokorný I 457; Frisk II 
1120-1121. 

*3r5anan str.vb.: ON gróa 'to grow', OE 
3rówan id. Of unknown origin. Torp- 
Falk 144; Holthausen AEFW 139; 
Jóhannesson IE\V 390-391; Pokorný I 
454; Vries ANEW 190 (to prašan); 
Onions 417; Seebold 242-243 (phonetic 
variant of *krě- > Lat crěsco 'to grow'). 

*3robo sb.f: Goth groba 'dugout, hole', 
ON gráf 'pit', OHG gruoba id. Derived 
from *3raíanan. Zupitza Gutt. 175; 
Torp-Falk 141; Feist 222; Pokorný I 
456; Vries AMEW 190; Zalizniak I 146; 
Onions 415; Seebold 236; Kluge- 
Seebold 340. 

*3r5diz ~ *3róduz sb.f./m.: ON gródi, 
gróór 'growth', OFris grěd 'meadow', MLG 
grode 'growth'. Derived from *3roanan. 
Torp-Falk 144; Vries ANEW 190. 

*3r5maz ~ *3r5man sb.m./n.: ON grómr 
'grime, dirť, EFris grum 'sediment', MDu 
groom 'dirť. Derived from *3r5anan. 
Vries AME]V 190 (to Lith grémžiu, grémžti 
'to serape'). 

*3r5niz adj.: Burg *gronis 'green', ON 
greenn id., OE 3réne id., OFris grene id., 
OS groni id., OHG gruoni id. Cf. also 
*en-3róniz: ON sbst. ígreen 'bright green' 
(fem.), MDu ingroene id., MHG ingruene id. 
Derived from *3roanan. Structurally close 
with Slav *granb 'branch' < *ghroni-. 
Schwentner FB 62-66; Zupitza Gutt. 
203; Torp-Falk 144; Sommer Krit. 61 (to 
Lat grámen 'grass, stalk', Jřons 'foliage'); 
Johanisson MASO V 41 (directly from a 
corresponding verb); Holthausen AEE]f 
138; Karsten NB II 182; Pokorný I 
454; Vries AJWW 192, 284; Onions 
413; Seebold 242; Trubaghev ESSJa 
VII 104-106; Bammesberger OE 18-19; 
Heidermanns 260-261; Kluge-Seebold 
341. 

*3r5njanan wk.vb.: ON grand 'to paint 
green', OHG gruonen 'to green'. Derived 
from *3roniz. Structurally identical with 
Slav *graniti 'to grow branches, to demar- 



3ronjanan 



144 



3ud(a)-xusan 



cate'. Trubachev ESSJa VII 107; Hei- 

DERMANNS 260. 

*3rotjanan wk.vb.: ON grata 'to make 
weep', OE jrétan 'to bewail, to deplore', 
OFris greta 'to accuse', OS grotian 'to 
excite', OHG gruozen 'to excite'. Causa- 
tive of *3retanan. Torp-Falk 139; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 138; Vries AMEW 192; 
Onions 413; Seebold 241; Lehmann 
GED 160; Kluge-Seebold 342 (semantic 
influence of Lat gratus 'beloved, dear, 
acceptable, gratefuF in OHG). 

*3rubaz adj.: MHG grob 'strong, fat, big'. 
Close to Lith gnibůs 'rough, stiff, rigiď, 
Slav *grqb'b ~ *grub~t> 'crude, coarse' (with 
nasalization). Torp-Falk 146; Pokorný 
I 461-462; Fraenkel 172-173; Stang LS 
24; Trubachev ESSJa VII 145-146. 

*3rubil5janan wk.vb.: ON grufla 'to 
grovel on all fours', OHG grubilon 'to dig 
through'. A denominative closely related 
to Lith grublas 'unevenness, mounď, Latv 
grubulis 'shard, fragment'. Cf. also Lith 
grumbú, grúbti 'to stiffen', grubineti 'to stum- 
ble'. Further see *3rubaz. Torp-Falk 
141 (to *3rabanan); Fraenkel 172; Vrles 
ANEW 191. 

*3runaz sb.m.: ON grunr 'suspicion'. Goes 
back to a root stem *g*hrn- close to Gk 
cppiív 'midriff, hearť (Fick BB XVIII 
142). Fick I 417 (adds Lat rěn 'kidney') 
WADSTErN /F V 28 (from *3a-runaz) 
Wiedemann BB XXVII 239 (to *3rěwaz) 
Zupitza Gutt. 97; Torp-Falk 146 
Pokorný I 496; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
109; Vries AMEl\ r 191; Frisk II 1041 
1043. 

*3rundu-fastaz adj.: ON grunn-fastr 'fast 
aground (of a ship)', MLG grunt-vast 'fixed 
in the grounď. Compound of *3runduz ~ 
*3runpuz and *fastaz. Garr Mom. comp. 
90 (parallel formations). 

*3rundu-lausaz adj.: ON grunn-lauss 
'boundless', OE grund-leás 'groundless, 
bottomless', MLG grunt-los 'boundless'. 
Compound of *3runiuz ~ *3runpuz and 
Hausaz. Carr Mom. comp. 89 (parallel 
formations). 

*3runďuz ~ *3runbuz sb.m.: Goth 



grundu-waddjus 'foundation-wall', ON 
grunnr 'bottom', grudr (< *3runpaz), grund 
'fielď (< fem. *3rundi£), grunn 'shallow, 
shoal' (< *gnmpari), OE srund 'ground, 
bottom', OFris grund id., OS grund id., 
OHG grunt id. Continues *ghrn-tu- based 
on *ghren-\ Gk %paív<a 'to touch slighdy, 
to smear', cf. in particular Lidr pa-grindas 
'lake bottom'. Siebs KZ XXXVII 322 
(to Litír grindis 'floor-board'); Hůbner Kí? 
LI 18; Uhlenbeck PBB XXVII 121 (to 
Gk xÉpo? 'gravel'); Torp-Falk 146 (to 
Lith giimsti 'to sink'); Holthausen AEE]f 
139; Feist 222-223; Pokorný I 459; 
Vries ANEIV 191 (to *3reniiz); Zalizniak 
II 200; Frisk II 1115; Onions 416; Leh- 
mann GED 161 (to *3rendanan); Bammes- 
berger Mom. 158; Fvluge- Seebold 341. 

*3rustaz sb.m.: OE jrojř 'grisde'. Glose to 
Lith grauzdús 'huge and shapeless'. Cf. 
WGmc derivative *3rustilaz ~ *3rustilo > 
OE jmfe/ 'grisde', OFris gristel id., MLG 
gristel id., OHG grustila id. Holthausen 
AEEW 137, 139; Pokorný I 461; 
Fraenkel 170; Onions 415. 

*3rúběnan wk.vb.: ON gnifa 'to grovel, to 
crouch', G dial. grúben 'to crouch of colď. 
Related to *3rubaz, *3ruiil6janan. Vries 
AME]\ T 191 (to Gk ypraóq 'hook-noseď). 

*3rútan sb.n.: Norw dial. grut 'sediment', 
OE 3rút 'fine meal', EFris grut 'sed- 
iment', MLG grut 'a kind of fermenť. 
Related to *3rautaz. Torp-Falk 145; 
Holthausen AEEJ\ t 139; Vries AMEh r 
185. 

*3učt(a)-furxtaz adj.: Goth guda-faurhts 
'God-fearing', OE god-Jyrht id., OS god- 
foroht id. Cf. MHG gote-vorhtec id. Com- 
pound of *3uiz ~ *3udaz and *furxtaz. 
Feist 223; Carr Mom. comp. 88 (parallel 
formations); Lehmann GED 111, 165. 

*3uď(a)-xúsan sb.n.: Godr gud-hus 'tem- 
ple', ON goůa-hús id. If not a calque of 
Lat domus Dei (Kretschmer K^ XXXLX 
542), a compound of *3uiz ~ *3uiaz and 
*xusan. MikkolaMSJVVII 271; Streit- 
berg IF XXLX 181, XXVII 156-157; 
Feist 223; Carr Mom. comp. 69 (parallel 
formations); Lehmann GED 161. 



3ud(a)-lausaz 



145 



3iill)an 



*3ud(a)-lausaz adj.: Goth guda-laus 'god- 
less', ON gud-lauss id. Compound of 
*3uiz ~ *3uiaz and Hausaz. Probably, a 
calque of Gk aQeoq. Feist 223; Carr 
Nom. comp. 95 (parallel formations); Leh- 
mann GED 165, 229. 

*3uď(a)-wafojaz ~ *3učt(a)-watajan 
sb.m./n.; Goth *godawabi 'silk' (recon- 
structed from Slav *godovabjb 'silk'), ON 
gud-vefr 'good weaving', OE 3od-web 'pre- 
cious fabric', OS godo-webbi id., OHG 
gota-webbi id. Compound of *3udz ~ 
*3udaz and *wabjaz ~ *wabjan. Štrekelj 
apud Peisker 88; Berneker I 316; Carr 
Nom. comp. 48; Vasmer-Trubachev I 426. 

*3udaz adj.: Goth af-giips 'godless', Norw 
dial. av-gud 'godless person', OFris sbst. 
aj-god 'idol', OS sbst. af-god 'idol', OHG 
sbst. ab-got 'idol'. Derivative of *3udz ~ 
*3uiaz (Lehmann GED 4). Uhlenbeck 
BB XXX 253-254; Feist 5; Lloyd- 
Springer I 24; Keuge-Seebold 5. 

*3učt(j)ón sb.m.: Goth gudja 'priesť, ON 
godi id. Derived from *3udz ~ *3udaz. 
Osthoff BB XXIV 197-200 (semantic 
analysis); Torp-Faek 136; FEIST 224, 
ANFXXXV 264-265; Vries^UVEIT 181; 
Lehmann GED 161. 

*3ud(z) ~ *3udaz sb.n./m.: Goth gup 
'Goď, ON god, gud id. (traces of í-stem in 
pl.), OE 3od id., OFris god id., OS god id., 
OHG mase. got id. (traces of j-stem in 
pl.). Mase. forms are secondary. From 
*ghu-t(ó)- 'libated one' derived from *gheu- 
'to pour' (Pictet Origines 659—661; Bury 
BB VII 79). The alternativě connection 
with *gheu- 'to call, to invoke' (Osthoff 
Morph. Unt. IV 84-85, BB XXIV 191- 
194) and derivation from *ghut(ó)- (< 
*ghút(ó)- according to Dybo's law) might 
be supported by the comparison with 
Toch A ňkat, B ňakte 'god' < *ni-ghůto- 
'one called down' (Normier K£ XCIV 
267-269). Cf. furdier Olr guth 'voice' < 
*ghutu-. PvAumer Einwirk. 338 (to *3odaz 
or to Gk kěiSSco 'to hide' or from Pers 
xudaý); Schweizer K£ 1157; Ebel KZ V 
236 (to Keúeto); Meyer A"^ VII 12-18 
(to Skt jyuti- 'lighť); Lidén BB XXI 97; 



Aufrecht BB XX 256 (to *3eutanan); 
Wood Mi/V XVI 310 (to Slav *gověti 'to 
worship, to fasť); Merfnger /FXVI 158; 
Schrader-Krahe Idg. 126 (follows 
Osthoff); Sohroder BBB LI 30; Torp- 
Falk 136; Holthausen AEE1 V 1 34; Feist 
227-228; Pokorný I 413; Vries AMEW 
181, 193; Zalizniak II 186; Onions 
404; Watktns Gedenkschr. Gúntert 102 (fol- 
lows Pictet); Lehmann GED 165-166; 
Bammesberger Nom. 79; Kiajge-Seebold 
332; Adams TB 264. 

*3ulban sb.n.: ON golf 'floor', EFris 
gulj 'section in a barn'. May be related 
to Slav *želb~b 'gutter, trough' (ZuprrzA 
Gutt. 175). Wadstein IF V 17 (from 
*3a-xulfan); Hirt BB XXIV 258 (to 
Gk hzkqvc, 'womb'); Torp-Faek 137; 
Walde-Pokorny I 630 (to Olr gulban 
'prick'); Mladenov 167; Porzig Gliede- 
rung 119; Vrtes ANE]V 181; Vasmer- 
Trubachev II 61. 

*3ultiz sb.f: ON gyltr 'young sow', OE adj. 
3ylte id. Cf. also MLG gelte 'castrated pig', 
OHG galza, gelza id. <*3altj5n. Derived 
from *3altaz ~ 3altuz. Torp-Falk 131; 
Holthausen AEEW 129; Vries ANEW 
196; Kxuge-Seebold 310-311. 

*3ulba-bandan sb.n.: ON gull-band 'gold- 
en head-band', MDu goud-bant 'diadem', 
OHG gold-bant 'golden head-band'. 
Compound of *3ulpan and *bantan. 
Carr Nom. comp. 83 (parallel formations). 

*3ulba-berxtaz adj.: ON gull-bjartr 'bright 
as gold', OE gold-beorht 'bright with gold'. 
Compound of *3ulfran and *berxtaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 61. 

*3ulpa-xrudenaz adj.: ON goll-rodinn 
'ornamented with gold' (< *goll-hrodinn), 
OE gold-hroden id. Compound of *3ul- 
pan and part. *xrudenaz (see *xrmdanan). 
Carr Nom. comp. 61. 

*3ulban sb.n.: Goth gulp 'gold', ON gull, 
goll id., OE 30U id., OFris gold id., OS gold 
id., OHG gold id. Closely related 
to Thrac pln. ZáA.8-a7toc, ELith želtas 
'golden', Latv zclts 'gold; golden', Slav 
*Zolto 'gold' with different vowel grades. 
Further connected with Indo-European 



3ulban 



146 



3iirčtaz 



color adjectives belonging to IE *ghel-. 
Zupitza Gutt. 204; Torp-Falk 131; 
Trautmann BSW 368; Holthausen 
AEEW 134; Feist 224-225; Detschew 
Thr. 173; Porzig Gliederung 142; Pokorný 
I 430; Chemodanov SGGJa I 84; 
Fraenkel 1296-1297; Vries ANEW 194; 
Zalizniak I 140; Onions 405; Vasmer- 
Trubachev II 103-104; Stang LS 64; 
Lehmann GED 162; Bammesberger Nom. 
77; Keuge-Seebold 331. 

*3ulba-smibaz sb.m.: ON gull-smior 'gold- 
smith', OE gold-smii id., OFris gold-smith 
id., MLG golt-smit id., OHG gold-smid. 
Compound of *julpan and *smipaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 72 (parallel formations). 

*3ulbínaz adj.: Goth gulpeins 'golden', ON 
gullinn id., OE 3ylden id., OFris gulden, 
golden, gelden id., OS guldin id., OHG 
guldln id. Derived from *3ulpan. Hol- 
thausen AEEW 140; Feist 225; Vries 
ANEW 194; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*3ulbjanan wk.vb.: ON gylla 'to guilď, 
OE 3yldan id., MDu ver-gouden, ver-gulden 
id., OHG ubar-gulden id. Derived from 
*3ulpan. Holthausen AEEW 140; 
Vries ANEW 196. 

*3umon sb.m.: Goth guma 'man', ON gumi 
id., OE 3uma id., OFris breid-gomo 
'groom', OS gumo 'man', OHG gomo 
'hero, a famous man'. Etymologically 
related to Toch B šaumo id., Lat horná id., 
Lith žmuo, žmogiis id. describing 'man' as 
'earthly', further — to IE *dheghom 'earth' 
(Osthoff Etym. 220-221; Brugmann 
Grundúfi 11/ 1 135). Zupitza Gutt. 204; 
Torp-Falk 126; Holthausen AEEW 
140; Walde-Hofmann I 654-655; Feist 
225-226; Benveniste BSL XXXVIII 
143; Porzig Gliederung 80, 208; Pokorný 
I 414-415; Chemodanov SGGJa I 60- 
61; Fraenkel 1320; Vries ANE]\ t 194; 
Zalizniak I 153; Lehmann GED 162; 
Peeters K'Z LXXXIX 8-9; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 1 84. 

*3umpaz sb.m.: ON gumpr 'buttock, 
podex'. Identical with Lith gumbas 
'bump, excrescence', cf. further Slav 
*goba 'lip, sponge'. Torp-Falk 137; 



Fraenkel 176; Vries ANEW 194-195; 
Trubachev ESSJa VII 78-80. 

*3unďan ~ *3unčtaz sb.n./m.: Goth gund 
'gangrene', Norw dial. gund 'scurf, OE 
3und 'matter, corruption', OS gund 'pus', 
OHG gunt id. Probably connected with 
*3unpz. Torp-Falk 136; Holthausen 
KZ XXVIII 282 (to Gk Kav9ú?ir| 'abscess, 
tumor'), AEEW 140; Trautmann ^dl\J 
VII 268 (to Av gunda- 'small, round 
breaď); Scheftelowitz £DMG LIX 
695—696 (to NPers gundeh 'round objecť); 
Feist 1 1 6; Pokorný I 438; Lehmann 
GED 163. 

*3unb(a)-burdan sb.n.: ON gunn-bord 
'shielď, OE 31'td-bord id. Compound of 
*3unpz and *burdan. Carr Nom. comp. 54. 

*3unp(a)-fan5n sb.m.: ON gunn-fani Var 
banner', OE 3Úo-fana id., OS gud-Jano 
id., OHG gund-fano id. Compound of 
*3unpi and *fanón. Carr Nom. comp. 48; 
Vries ANEW 111, 195. 

*3unp(a)-xwataz adj.: ON gunn-hvatr 
'fierce in battle', OE 3Úd-hwďt 'active, vig- 
orous in war'. Compound of *3unpz and 
*xwataz. Carr Nom. comp. 61. 

*3unpz sb.f: Burg *gunps 'fighť, ON gunnr, 
gudr 'war, battíe', OE 3ÚS id. Cf. also OS 
gúthea id. Related to Hitt kuen- 'to smite, 
to raze, to kill', Skt hánti 'to strike, to kilT, 
Avjainti 'to strike', Gk Geívto 'to kill', Lat 
defendo 'to defenď, Olr gonim 'to wound, 
to kill'. Zupitza Gutt. 97; Bartholomae 
490-493; Torp-Falk 124; Holthausen 
AEEW 140; Walde-Hofmann I 332- 
333; Mayrhofer III 575-576; Pokorný 
I 437; Vries ANEW 195; Frisk I 657- 
658; Kobler 710; Puhvel IV 206-212. 

*3uran sb.n.: ON gor 'cuď, OE 3or 'dung, 
dirť, MLG gor 'filťh', OHG gor 'dung, 
dirť. Related to Olr gur 'matter, pus'. 
Froehde BB XXI 327 (to Lat firia 'flux, 
a disease of swine'); Torp-Falk 129; 
Pokorný I 494 (to *g'-'her- 'to burn'); 
Wood JEGP XIII 502 (to Gk X vXóq 
'juice'); Holthausen AEE]V 134; Vries 
ANEW 183; Zalizniak II 168; Onions 
406. 

*3urdaz sb.m.: OHG gurt 'girdle'. Zero 



3urclaz 



147 



xabÍ3az 



grade of the stem attested in 
and Goth bi-gairdan 'to girď < *3erdanan. 
Further connections are not clear. 
Torp-Falk 129; Pokorný I 444 (to 
*3ardaz); Onions 399; Lehmann GED 68. 

*3urdilaz sb.m.: ON gyrSill 'girdle', OE 
3jrdel id., OFris gerdel id., MDu gurdel id., 
OHG gurtil id. Derived from *3urďjanan or 
*3urdaz. Torp-Falk 129; Holthausen 
AEEW 140; Vries AJVEW 197; Onions 
399; Seebold 225. 

*3urďjanan wk.vb.: ON gyrSa 'to begirď, 
OE syrdan id., OFris un-e-gert 'unbe- 
girdeď, OHG gurten 'to begirď. Derived 
from *3urdaz. Torp-Falk 129; Holt- 
hausen ^££11' 140; Vries AMW 197; 
Onions 399; Seebold 225; Lehmann 
GED 68; Keuge-Seebold 343. 

*3urstaz sb.m.: OE sorst 'gorse, furze, 
bramble, Ulex europčeus'. Continues 
*ghrst- close to Alb drithe 'grain', Lat 
hordeum 'barley' < *ghrzd- (Lehmann K^ 
XLI 391). See *3erstim. Schmidt Plur. 



117, 362; Holthausen .4££rr 135; 
Walde-Hofmann I 656-657; Frisk II 
18-19; Onions 407; Bammesberger Nom. 
77; Orel AED 75. 
*3utaz ~ *3utón sb.m.: Goth Gut-piuda 
'Gothic people', ON Goti 'Goth', OSwed 
pl. Gutar, Gotar 'people', OE pl. Gotan 
'Goths'. Probably, H-stem reflected also in 
gen. pl. gutani of the Pietroassa inscrip- 
tion. Cf. also Germ-Lat Gutones, Gotones. 
Borrowed to Lith gúdas 'Bielorussian' 
and OPrus *gud- (in pln.) before the 
Lautverschiebung (Karsten 7DADL LXVII 
253-255). Furdier connections are un- 
clear, see *3autaz ~ *3auton. Grien- 
berger Got. 101-103 (from Goth *gut 
'sea, bay', to *3eutanan)\ Lendroth MB II 
75-77 (to the name of Gotland); Holt- 
hausen AEEW 135; Feist 226-227; 
Krause Run. I 227-235 (adduces the ON 
parallel), HG 5 (to *3eutanan); Fraenkel 
1 74 {-d- in Baltic infiuenced by OPrus 
gudde 'bush'). 



*xaban I sb.n.: ON Á«/"'sea', OE heafsea, 
water', OFris hef 'sea', MLG haj id., 
MHG hab 'sea, haven'. Derived from 
*xajjanan. Historically identical with 
*xaban II. Strachan BB XX 13 (to Olr 
cúan 'haven, sea' < *kopno-)\ Torp-Falk 
72; Holthausen AEEW 144; Pokorný I 
528; Vries ^JVEII' 201; Zalizniak I 140. 

*xaban II sb.n.: ON upp-haf 'beginning', 
OHG ur-hab 'cause, reason'. Derived 
from *xajjanan. Seebold 244. 

*xaban III adj.: ON hand-hafi 'having 
in hand', OHG un-gi-hab 'poor, insig- 
nificanť. Derived from *xaběnan. Holt- 
hausen AEElť 147; Kluge 69; 
Heidermanns 263. 

*xabanó sb.f: ON hqfn 'haven', OE hďfen 
id., MLG hávem id., MHG habene id. 
Based on *xaban I. Derivationally close 



to Olr cúan 'curve, bend, recess, bay' < 
*kopno-. Torp-Falk 72; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 98; Vries ^UVETI' 279; Onions 
431; Kluge-Seebold 347. 

*xaběnan wk.vb.: Goth kahan 'to háve', 
ON hajá id., OE habban id., OFris hebba, 
habba id., OS hebbian id., OHG haben id. 
Durative of *xajjanan (Lottner K^ XI 
192). Collitz Prát. 86-88 (amalgama- 
tion of *ghabh- and *kap); Meyer IF 
XXXV 224-237; Vendryes MSL XVIII 
310; Prokosch MP XXVI 464; Zupitza 
Cřutt. 206; Torp-Falk 72; Holthausen 
^££II 7 143; Feist 229; Porzig Gliederung 
107-108 (on IE *kap-: *ghabh-), 115; 
Pokorný I 528; Vries ANEW 201; 
Onions 431; Seebold 244; Lehmann 
GED 167; Kluge-Seebold 345. 

*xabÍ3az ~ *xabu3az adj.: ON hqfugr, 



xabÍ3az 



148 



xačt(i)non 



'heavy', OE hefiš id., OS hebig id., 
MHG hebec id. Based on *xabiz > OE hefe 
'weighť derived from *xajjanan. Torp- 
Falk 72; Holthausen AEEW 153-154; 
Vries ANEW 280; Onions 434. 

*xabib5 sb.f.: ON hefi 'loss or gain of 
claim', MHG hebede 'property'. Derived 
from *xabenan. Falk-Torp ND 450; 
Vries .4JVEIK 215. 

*xabraz sb.m.: ON hafr 'he-goať, OE hefer 
id. Etymologically related to Gk Kanpoc, 
'boar', Lat caper 'he-goať. Further may 
be connected with Skt káprth- 'penis'. 
ScHEFTELOwrrz IF XXXIII 142 (oriental 
Wanderwort); Petersson PBB XL 105 
107; Zupitza Gutt. 114; Torp-Falk 
73; Holthausen AEEW 144; Walde- 
Hofmann I 157-158; Mayrhofer I 157; 
Porzig Gliederung 114; Pokorný I 529; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 90; Vries ANEW 
201; Frisk I 782-783; Zalizniak I 131; 
Kluge-Seebold 345. 

*xabrón sb.m.: ON pl. hafrar 'oats', OS 
havoro id., OHG habaro id. Derived from 
*xabraz (Falk-Torp ND 387), cf. Slav 
*ovbyb 'oats' < *auiko-, to *aui- 'ewe'. 
Charpentier KZ XL 436 (to Skt netit. 
šáspa- 'young grass'); Petersson LUA 
1918/31 19 (to Norw hagr 'tail hair of 
ťhe horše'); Wood MP XVII 568 (to Slav 
*kopn-> 'dill'); Zupitza Gutt. 31; Torp- 
Falk 73; Speoht 27 (to *xobd); Pokorný 
I 529; Vries ANEW 202; Zalizniak I 
153; Onions 619; Kluge-Seebold 347. 

*xabuďa-bainan sb.n.: ON hofud-bein 
'skuli, head-bone', OE heáfod-bán id. 
Compound of *xaiudan and *bainan. 
Carr Nom. comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*xabuďa-bau3az sb.m.: ON hofud-baugr 
'chief ring in the wergilď, OE heáfod- 
beá3 'crown'. Compound of *xabudan and 
*bau3az. Carr Nom. comp. 81 (parallel 
formations). 

*xabucta-lausaz ~ *xaubuda-lausaz 
adj.: ON hqfud-lauss 'headless', OE heáfod- 
leás id., OFris haved-las id., MLG hovet-los 
id., MHG houbet-los id. Compound of 
*xabudan, *xaubudan and Hausaz. Carr 
Nom. comp. 89 (parallel formations). 



*xabuďan sb.n.: ON hofud 'heaď, OE 
heáfod id. Identical with Lat caput 'heaď 
and, probably, Skt *kaput- in neut. kapúc- 
chala- 'tuft of hair on the back of the 
heaď < *kaput-šala- (Kuhn K% I 136). 
Torp-Falk 73; Holthausen AEEW 
150; Walde-Hofmann I 163-164; Mayr- 
hofer I 156-157; Pokorný I 529-530; 
Vries ANEW 279; Zalizniak I 141; 
Mayrhofer I 156-157; Lehmann GED 
178-179; Beekes R'Z CLX 218-220 (from 
non-IE). 

*xabuďa-swím5n sb.m.: ON hqfud-svími 
'dizziness', OE heáfod-swíma id. Com- 
pound of *xabudan and *swimon. Carr 
Nom. comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*xabuďa-wardaz sb.m.: ON hofui-vqrir 
'body-guarď (u-stem), OE heáfod-weard 
'chief guardian'. Compound of *xaiudan 
and *wardaz II. Carr Nom. comp. 54. 

*xabukaz sb.m.: ON haukr 'hawk', OE 
hafoc id., OFris havek id., OS havuk id., 
OHG habuh, hábech id. Identical with Slav 
*kob~bzTi ~ *kobuzt> 'hawk, kite' (ZuprrzA 
Gutt. 15, 102), from IE *kobugo-. Further 
connections are not clear. Pogodin 
RFV XXXIII 328-329; Berneker I 535; 
SuOLAHTi Z) K/V' 360 (to Lat capys, capus < 
Etr); Torp-Falk 73; Petersson PBB XL 
96; Holthausen AEE]V 147; Suolahti 
ANT 360 (from *xajjanan\ Slav < Gmc); 
Pokorný I 528; Vries ANEW 214; 
Zalizniak I 131; Onions 431; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa X 92-93; Kxuge-Seebold 
345. 

*xaďinaz sb.m.: ON hédinn 'jacket of fur 
or skin', OE heden 'hooď. A substan- 
tivized adjective close to Slav *kotbn~b 
'pregnant (of animals)' further derived 
from *kotiti s( 'to give birth (of animals)', 
cf. also Lat catulus 'cub' (Osthoff Etym. I 
250). Zupitza Gutt. 207; Torp-Falk 90 
(from Thrac *kiton, cf. Gk %it<bv 'tunic, 
garment worn next to skin', Ion kÍScov 
id.); Loewenthal P55XLIX 72; Jónsson 
ANO 1926 190; Holthausen AEEW 153; 
Vries ANEW 215. 

*xad(i)nón sb.f: ON ha&na 'young 
she-goať. Cf. also MHG hatele 'she-goať 



xad(i)non 



149 



xa3az 



close to Lat catulus 'cub'. See *xaiinaz. 
Zupitza Gutt. 206; Torp-Falk 69; 
Walde-Hofmann I 183; Pokorný I 534; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 58; Vries ANEW 
200; Trubachev ESSJa XI 204-205, 
219-220. 

*xafilaz sb.m.: ON hefill 'clew-lines of a 
saiT, OHG lefi-hefil 'yeasť. Derived from 
*xajjanan. Torp-Falk 72; Vries ANE]V 
215; Seebold 244. 

*xafjanan str.vb.: Goth hajan 'to hold 
up, to bear up, to lift', ON hejja id., OE 
hebban id., OFris heva id., OS hebbian 
id., OHG heffen id. Related to *xabenan. 
Etymologically close to Lat capio 'to 
seize', Gk Kájtxto 'to gulp down', Lat capio 
'to také', Alb kap 'to seize, to grasp', Latv 
kámpju, kampt 'to seize', and other con- 
tinuants of IE *kap-. Meyer IF XXXV 
224-237; Zupitza Gutt, 103; Torp-Falk 
71; Feist 229-230; Holthausen AEEW 
153; Walde-Hofmann I 159-160; Por- 
zig Gliederung 127; Jóhannesson IEW 
186-189; Pokorný I 528; Vries ANEW 
215; Frisk I 783; Onions 433; Seebold 
244-245; Lehmann GED 167; Orel AED 
169; Kluge-Seebold 362. 

*xafnčjanan wk.vb.: Goth ufar-hafnan 'to 

be (excessively) exalteď, ON hajná 'to for- 

sake, to abandon'. Derived from *xaf- 

janan. Feist 230; Vries ANE]V 201 (to 

*xamjanan); Seebold 245. 

*xaftan ~ *xaftaz sb.n./m.: ON hapt, 
hajt 'bonď, OE hicft id. See *xaftaz II. 
Holthausen AEE]\ 7 144; Vries ANEW 
209; Seebold 245; Heidermanns 263; 
Kluge-Seebold 347. 

*xaftaz I sb.m.: ON haptr, haftr 'captive', 
OE hteft id., MHG kafi id. Substantivized 
*xqftaz II. Holthausen AEEW 144; 
Porzig Gliederung 126; Heidermanns 263; 
Kluge-Seebold 347. 

*xaftaz II adj.: Goth hafts 'bound, joineď, 
OS hajt id., OHG hqft id. Identical with 
Lat captus 'captureď, W caeth 'slavě', 
OCorn caid 'captureď (Lané Language 
LX 246). From *kap-to-, a participial form 
of *kap- (see *xajjanan). Torp-Falk 72; 
Meillet RG XXI 40 (from Celtic); 



Krahe SuV 80; Mohr ZDADL LXXVI 
169; Holthausen AEEW 144; Walde- 
Hofmann I 159; Feist 230; Karsten 
NB II 306; Pokorný I 527-528; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 102; Vries ANEW 
209; Seebold 245; Lehmann GED 168; 
Bammesberger Nom. 251; Heidermanns 
263-264; Kluge-Seebold 347. 

*xaftiz sb.f: Goth anda-hafts 'answer', 
MHG hafl 'detention'. Structurally simi- 
lar with Lat captio 'deceit, harm' . Derived 
from *xajjanan. Walde-Hofmann I 159; 
Feist 46; Lehmann GED 34; Kluge- 
Seebold 347. 

*xaftjan sb.n.: ON hepti 'hafť, OE heft, 
hefte id., MLG hechte id., OHG hefti 
id. Derived from *xafljanan. Torp-Falk 
72; Holthausen AEE]V 144; Onions 
423; Kluge-Seebold 363. 

*xaftjanan wk.vb.: Goth haftjan 'to hold 
fast to, to adhere', ON hepta, hefla 'to 
bind, to fetter', OE hďftan 'to seize, to 
bind', OFris hefta 'to fortify, to secure', 
OS heftian id., OHG heflen 'to fortify, to 
bind'. Derived from *xaftaz, *xajjanan. 
Torp-Falk 72; Holthausen AEEW 144; 
Feist 230; Vries ANEW 222; Lehmann 
GED 167-168; Kluge-Seebold 363. 

*xaftnójanan ~ *xaftenójanan wk.vb.: 
Goth ga-haflnan 'to stick, to adhere', OE 
hďflnian 'to seize, to capture'. Derived 
from *xaflaz, *xaftjanan. Feist 183; Hei- 
dermanns 264. 

*xa3anan str.vb.: OHG hagan 'to feeď. 
Related to Skt šaknóti 'to be able', Av sak- 
'to agree on smth.'. See *xa^az, *xa^on. 
Bartholomae 1552-1553; Wissmann 
NP 72; Torp-Falk 67-68; Holthausen 
AEEW 147; Mayrhofer III 288-289; 
Pokorný I 522; Vries ANEW 202; 
Seebold 245-246. 

*xa3a-burnaz sb.m.: ON hag-porn 'haw- 
thorn', OE hie^-dorn id., MLG hage-dorn 
id., OHG hagan-dorn id. Compound of 
*xa3on and *purnuz ~ *purnaz. See 
*xa3(i)naz. Torp-Falk 68; Holthausen 
AEEW 146-147; Carr Nom. camp. 48; 
Onions 431; Kluge-Seebold 348. 

*xa3az adj.: ON hagr 'handy, skilful', 



xa3az 



150 



xaičtaz 



MHG be-hac 'of pleasure'. Related to Skt 
šaknóti 'to be able', Av sak- 'to agree on 
smth.'. See *xa^anan. WGmc words for 
'witch' belong here: OE hď^tesse, hie^tes, 
MDu haghetisse. Bartholomae 1552- 
1553; Torp-Falk 67-68; Karsten MB 
I 10; Holthausen AEEW 144; May- 
rhofer III 288-289; Pokorný I 522; 
Vries AMEW 203; Onions 423; Heider- 
manns 264-265. 

*xa3(i)naz sb.m.: Norw hegn 'fencing, 
fence', OS hagin 'fence', OHG hagan 
'hawthorn'. Derived from *xa3ón. Vries 
AMEW2W>. 

*xa3(i)njanan wk.vb.: ON hegna 'to 
hedge, to fence', MLG hegenen id., MHG 
heinen 'to surround widr a hedge'. Derived 
from *xa3(i)naz. Vries AMEW 216. 

*xa3Jaz sb.m.: ON heggr 'bird-cherry', OE 
he^e 'hedge'. Cf. also EFris hegge id., MDu 
hegge id., OHG hegga id. Identical with 
W cae 'enclosure' < *kagios. See *xa3on. 
Torp-Falk 68; Holthausen AEEW 153; 
Onions 434; Vries ANEW 215-216; 
Kluge-Seebold 362. 

*xa3la-stainaz sb.m.: ON hagl-steinn 'hail- 
stone', OE ha^ol-stán id., MLG hagel-stěn 
id., MHG hagel-stein id. Compound of 
*xajlan ~ *xa^laz and *stainaz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 48. 

*xa3lan ~ *xa3laz sb.m./n.: ON hagl 
'hail', OE hď3(e)l, ha^ol id., OFris heil id., 
OS hagal id., OHG hagal id. From IE 
*kokló-, reduplication of *kel- 'colď simi- 
lar to (but not identical with) Skt šíšira- 
'cool, colď. Cf. also *xexlon. Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXVI 208 (to Gk K á x X^ 'pebble'); 
Zupltza Gutt. 207-208 (samé as Uhlen- 
beck); Torp-Falk 68; Holthausen 
AEEW 147; Mayrhofer III 345-346; 
Pokorný I 551; Frisk I 805; Chantraine 
I 507 (Gk ráčili; to Kax^ré^co 'to splash, 
to bubble'); Pokorný I 518, 551; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 108; Vries AMEW 
202-203; Zalizniak II 168; Onions 423; 
Lehmann GED 167; Kluge-Seebold 348. 

*xa35janan wk.vb.: ON haga 'to manage, 
to arrange', OE on-ha^ian 'to be within 
smb.'s powers', OFris hagia 'to please', 



OHG bi-hagon 'to make comfortable'. De- 
rived from *xci3anan (Wissmann MP 72). 
Torp-Falk 67; Holthausen AEEW 147; 
Vries AMEW 202; Seebold 245; Kluge- 
Seebold 91-92. 

*xa35n sb.m.: ON hagi 'pasture', OE hajá 
'enclosure', OS hago 'pasture', OHG hag, 
hac 'fence, enclosure' (< *xa3az). Derived 
from *xa3anan. Zupltza Gutt. 111; 
Uhlenbeck PBB XXLX 332-333 (to Slav 
*košb 'basket'); Torp-Falk 68; Herbig 
Philologus LXXIII 452 (to Lat caulae 
'opening, hole, enclosure', dim. of *caua 
< *kaghá); Holthausen AEEW 147; 
Pokorný I 518; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
101; Vries AMEW 202; Onions 432; 
ICluge-Seebold 348. 

*xa3u-staldaz sb.m.: ON hauk-staldr 
'young man' (with an irreg. hauk- instead 
of *hog-), OE ha3o-steald 'bachelor, young 
man, young warrior', OS hagu-stald id., 
OHG hagu-stalt 'hired worker'. Com- 
pound of *xa3uz (see *xa3az) and *staldaz 
(see *staldan). Torp-Falk 489; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 147; Falk Festschr. Bugge 
Kr. 16 (on ON hauk-); Carr Mom. comp. 
48; Vries AMF LVIII 93-104, AMEW 
214; Seebold 462; Lehmann GED 37; 
ICluge-Seebold 348. 

*xaxsón sb.f: MHG hahse 'back of knee'. 
Identical with Skt káksa- 'armpiť, Olr coss 
'fooť, Lat coxa 'hip'. Meringer f VuS III 
47; Torp-Falk 67; Walde-Hofmann I 
283; Pokorný 1611; Adams TB 136-137 
(adds Toch B kakse 'body part'). 

*xaxtuz sb.m.: ON háttr 'mode, way'. 
Closely related to Olr cucht 'colour' 
(Zupitza Gutt. 207). Hlrt BB XXIV 
231 (to ON hagr 'statě, condition'); Sper- 
ber }VuS VI 18 (samé as Hirt); Vries 
AVEir213. 

*xaidaz adj.: ON heidr 'bright, cloudless'. 
Cf. also sbst. heid 'brightness of ťhe sky'. 
Identical with Skt keta- 'mark, sign', cf. 
also kehí- 'brightness, lighť. Further re- 
lated to *xaiiuz ~ *xaidiz. Torp-Falk 
64; Karsten MB II 259, 449; Mayrhofer 
I 265; Pokorný I 916-917; Vries AMEW 
217; Heidermanns 265. 



xaidraz 



151 



xailaz 



*xaiťfraz adj.: OE hádor 'clear, bright, 
serene', OS hědar 'clear, lighť, OHG 
heitar id. Derived from *xaidaz. Struc- 
turally similar with Skt citrá- 'excellent, 
brighť, Av čiOró 'visible, clear'. Gf. also 
Lith skaidrús 'light, clear'. Zupitza Gutt. 
105; Bartholomae 586-587; Torp-Falk 
64; Holthausen AEEW 143; Karsten 
M II 259, 449; Mayrhofer I 387; 
Pokorný I 916-917; Fraenkel 791; 
Vries ANEW 217; Onions 443; Bammes- 
berger JVom. 247; Heidermanns 265- 
266; Keuge-Seebold 367. 

*xaiduz ~ *xaičtiz sb.m.: Godr haidus 
'way, manner', ON heiór 'honor', OE hád 
'person, degree, rank', OFris -hed, OS hěd 
id., OHG heit id. Identícal with Skt ketú- 
'brightness, form' < *kú-tu- (Gůntert 
Kalypso 49), further related to *(s)kai- 'to 
be bright, to shine', see *xaidaz. Helten 
PBB XVII 288; Zupitza Gutt. 105; Torp- 
Falk 64; Holthausen AEE]V 143; Feist 
231; Mayrhofer I 265; Pokorný I 
916; Zalizniak II 200; Lehmann GED 
168; Bammesberger Jíom. 159; Kluge- 
Seebold 367. 

*xaifstiz sb.f.: Goth haifsts 'conflict, com- 
petition', OE hrést 'violence, fůry', OFris 
hast 'haste', MLG heist 'vehemence'. Cf. 
also WGmc *xaifstaz 'violenť: OE htést(e), 
OFris hast, OHG heisti 'loud'. Related to 
Lith kaipstu, kaipti 'to be dizzy, to ail, to 
be sickly'. ZuprrzA Gutt. 182; Grienber- 
ger Got. 104 (to Lith šaipaús, šaipýtis 'to 
mock, to show one's teeth'); Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXX 286 (against Grienberger); 
Torp-Falk 65; Holthausen AEEW 146, 
427; Feist 231; Pokorný I 542-543; 
Ohmann /^í/TIjfXVI 166-167; Fraenkel 
203; Vries ANE]V 218; Lehmann GED 
169; Kluge-Seebold 359. 

*xaixaz adj.: Goth haihs 'one-eyeď, ON 
theon. Hárr 'one-eyed god (Odin)'. 
Identical with Lat caecus 'blind', Olr caech 
'one-eyeď. Furdier cf. Skt kekara- 'squint- 
eyeď and probably Dac koiko-W8<x 
'nightshade'. Saussure Festschr. Thomsen 
202; Zupitza Gutt. 206, 209; Torp-Falk 
64; Walde-Hofmann I 129; Feist 232; 



Detschew Thr. 551; Mayrhofer I 
264; Pokorný I 519-520; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 100; Vries ANEW 210; Leh- 
mann GED 169; Heidermanns 267. 

*xaila3az adj.: Godr hailags 'holý' (on dre 
Petroassa ring), ON heilagr id., OE hális 
id., OFris hělich id., OS helag id., OHG 
heilag id. Derived from *xailaz II. Ochs 
PBB XLV 102-112; Zupitza Gutt. 105; 
Torp-Falk 65; Holthausen AEEW 148; 
Feist 232; Pokorný I 520; Vries ANEW 
218; Onions 445; Scardigli Goten 219 
223; Benveniste IEL 452; Lehmann GED 
169; Heidermanns 268; Ktuge-Seebold 
365. 

*xaila3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON helga 'to make 
holý', OE hálgian id., OFris heligia id., OS 
helagon id., OHG heiligon id. Derived 
from *xaila^az. Holthausen AEEW 
148; Vries ANElť 221; Onions 424. 

*xaila-wandjaz adj.: ON sbst. heil-indi 
'health', OE hál-wende 'conducive to 
health, healing', OHG sbst. heil-ant 
'savior'. Compound of *xailaz II and 
*wandjaz (see *wandjanan). Holthausen 
AEE]V 148; Carr Nom. comp. 60; Vries 
AmW2\&. 

*xailaz I sb.n.: Crim.-Goth iel 'good, 
health', ON heill 'good luck, omen', OE 
htél 'omen, auspice', OS heil 'health, 
luck', OHG heil id. Substantivized 
*xailaz II. Close to W coel 'sign, omen'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 105; Holthausen AEEh' 
144; Feist 290; Pokorný I 520; 
Zalizniak II 223; Vries ANEW 218; 
Lehmann GED 169; Heidermanns 267. 

*xailaz II adj.: Goth hails 'healthy', ON 
heill 'whole, healeď, OE hal 'whole, well, 
sound', OFris hěl 'unhurt, whole, un- 
harmed', OS hěl 'unhurt, unharmed', 
OHG heil 'whole, healthy, unscathed'. 
Related to W coel 'sign, omen', OPrus 
kails 'healthy', Slav *cětb 'whole'. The 
words for 'health' derived from here (OE 
híélu id., OS hěli id., OHG heila, heill id.) 
probably explain the further derivation of 
the noun for 'brain': ON heili 'brain', 
OFris hěli, hal, heila id. Pictet K£ V 
37-38; Zupitza Gutt. 105; Karsten MB II 



xailaz 



152 



xaimjanan 



266; Gray BB XXVII (to Ose kaíla 'tem- 
ple'); Torp-Falk 65; Wood MLN XXIX 
7 1 (ON heili to Skt šíkha 'tuft of hair'); 
Specht KZ LXIV 2 1 ; Marstrander NTS 
XI 288; Feist 232; Holthausen AEEW 
145, 148; Baetke HG 68-79; Porzig 
Gliedemng 141-142; Pokorný I 520; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 68; Vries ANEW 
218 (ON heili to Mír coelán 'intestine'); 
Zalizniak II 223; Onions 1005; Beck 
Festschr. Eggers 21-25; Stang LS 25, 81; 
Benveniste IEL 451-452, 468; Toporov 
PJa III 136-143; Lehmann GED 169- 
170; Trubachev ESSJa III 179-180; 
Bammesberger Nom. 249; Heidermanns 
267-268. 

*xailesójanan wk.vb.: ON heilsa 'to 
greeť, OE hélsian 'to foretell', OHG hei- 
lison id. Cf. also ON heilla 'to bewitch' < 
*xailzojanan. Derived from *xaileso based 
on *xailaz. ZuprrzA Gutt. 105; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 145; Jóhannesson IEW 
176; Pokorný I 520; Vries ANEW 
218; Benveniste IEL 451; Lehmann 
GED 170. 

*xailibo sb.f.: OGutn haildir 'damages', 
OHG heilida 'health'. Derived from *xail- 
janan or *xailaz. Heidermanns 268. 

•xailjaiian wk.vb.: Goth hailjan 'to heal', 
OSwed hela id., OE hďlan id., OFris hela 
id., OS hělian id., OHG heilen id. Derived 
from *xailaz. Structurally close to Slav 
*cěliti id. Holthausen AEE1V 144; 
Feist 232; Porzig Gliedemng 141; Vries 
ANEW 218; Onions 432; Trubachev 
ESSJa III 178; Lehmann GED 169- 
170; Heidermanns 268; Kluge-Seebold 
365. 

*xailnojanan wk.vb. g: Goth ga-hailnan 'to 
be healed, to recover', OGutn hailna 'to 
heal'. Derived from *xailaz. Feist 183; 
Heidermanns 268. 

*xaima-faró sb.f: ON heim-fqr 'return 
home', OE hám-faru 'forcible entry into a 
house'. Compound of *xaimaz ~ *xaimo 
and *faro. Carr Nom. comp. 81 (parallel 
formations). 

*xaimai ~ *xaimot adv.: ON heima 'at 
home, home', OS hone id., OHG heim id. 



Derived from *xaimaz ~ *xaimiz. Vries 
ANEW 218-219; Lehmann GED 170; 
Fvluge-Seebold 365. 

*xaimaně adv.: ON heiman 'from home', 
OHG heimina id. Derived from *xaimaz ~ 
*xainaz. Vries ANE] V 2 1 9. 

*xaima-5bljan sb.n.: Goth haimopli 'patri- 
monial lanď. Cf. also OHG heimodilis 
'laribus'. Compound of *xaimaz ~ *xaimiz 
and *opljan. ON heimild, heimold 'tide, 
righť does not belong here (despite 
Schwarz GNA 266) and is better to be 
explained from *xaimilipó (Hesselman 
apud Vries). Feist 233; Carr Nom. 
comp. 44; Vries ANE] V 219; Lehmann 
GED 1 70; Kluge-Seebold 365. 

*xaimatjanan wk.vb.: ON heimta 'to 
get back, to bring home the sheep', 
OE hámettan 'to provide with a home'. 
Derived from *xaimaz ~ *xaimiz. Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 148; Vries ANEW 220; 
Onions 430. 

*xaimaz ~ *xaimiz sb.m./f: Goth haims 
'village' (pl. < *xaimo), ON heimr 'abode, 
land, village', OE hátn 'home, house, 
dwelling', OFris ham, hěm id., OS han 
id., OHG heima id. Related to Gk kmijti 
'village', Lith káimas 'village', šeimii 
'family', Slav *slmbja id. May also be 
connected with Olr cóim 'kind, gooď. 
Zupitza Gutt. 49, 185; Torp-Falk 87-88; 
Trautmann BSW 300-301; Holthausen 
AEEW 148; Feist 233-234; Pokorný I 
540; Chemodanov SGGJa I 65; Fraenkel 
251, 970; Trubachev Rod. 165; Vries 
ANEW 219; Zalizniak II 196; Frisk II 
61-62; Onions 445-446; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 600; Lehmann GED 170; 
Bammesberger Nom. 72; Kxuge-Seebold 
365; Vine Festschr. Watkins 685-702 
(rejects comparison with Gk K(ó|jr| 
'village'). 

*xaimiskaz adj.: ON heimskr 'foolish, 
silly', OHG heimisc 'native'. Derived 
from *xaimaz ~ *xaimiz. Vrtes ANEW 
219. 

*xaimjanan wk.vb.: ON heima 'to také 
one in', OE héman 'to háve intercourse 
with, to marry', MHG heimen 'to drive 



xaimjanan 



153 



xaipňna-čtomaz 



home'. Derived from *xaimaz ~ *xaimiz. 
Torp-Falk 88; Holthausen AEEW 145; 
Vries AMEW 218; Frisk I 809 (derived 
from KEÍnai 'to lie' which is itself related 
to *xaimaz). 

*xainó sb.f.: ON hein 'hone, whetstone', 
OE han 'boundary stone'. Close to Av 
sami- 'top'. Cf. furťher Gk KÓJvoq 'pine- 
cone' < *ko(i)-no- (Hirt BB XXIV 234). 
Zupitza Gutt. 184; Torp-Falk 64; 
Holthausen AEEW 149; Pokorný I 542; 
Vries AMEW 220; Onions 446. 

*xairaz sb.m.: ON hárr 'hoary', OE hár 
'hoary, grey, olď, OFris her 'high, sub- 
lime', OS her 'high, noble', OHG her 
'great, sublime'. Identical with Slav 
*sén> 'grey', furťher cf. Mír dar 'dark' < 
*keiro-. Sohwentner FB 80-82; Meil- 
let Etudes 321-322, 403 (Slav < Gmc); 
Pedersen KZ XXXVIII 392-393, XL 
176-177; Torp-Falk 65, 88; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 149; Karsten NB II 
258-259; Porzig Gliederung 166; Pokorný 
I 519, 540; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
68; Vries AMEW 212-213; Onions 
442-443; Vasmer-Trubachev III 611— 
612; Bammesberger .Nom. 248; Hei- 
dermanns 269-270; Kluge-Seebold 
363. 

*xaisaz adj.: OE has 'hoarse', OFris has 
id., MDu hees id., OHG heis id. Of uncer- 
tain origin. Cf. *xairaz. Torp-Falk 65; 
Holthausen AEEW 149; Pokorný 1519 
(to *xaja Z ); Vries AMEW 213; Onions 
443; Heidermanns 270; Kluge-Seebold 
366. 

*xaisraz adj.: ON háss 'hoarse', ME hoors 
id., MLG hesch id., OHG heisar 'rough, 
hoarse'. Derivative of *xaisaz or a com- 
promise form combining *xaisaz and 
*xairaz. Zupitza Gutt. 52; Torp-Falk 
65; Karsten NB II 205, 381-382; 
Pokorný I 519; Vries AMEW 213; 
Heidermanns 270-271. 

*xaitan sb.n.: Goth anda-hait 'confession, 
acknowledgmenť, ON heit 'solemn prom- 
ise, vow', OE hát 'vow, promise', OS 
mase. bi-hět 'calling', OHG mase. bi-heiz 
'promise'. Derived from *xaitanan. Holt- 



hausen AEE]V 149; Feist 46; Seebold 
246-247; Lehmann GED 172. 

*xaitanan str.vb.: Goth haitan 'to call (by 
name), to address', ON heita id., OE hátan 
'to bid, to call, to name', OFris hěta 'to 
call (by name), OS hltan id., OHG heizan 
id. If the originál meaning is 'to name' < 
*'to identify' rather uran 'to call, to sum- 
mon', probably based on neut. *xit (see 
*xt). Brugmann IF VI 89-90 (to Gk 
kÍco 'to go, to drive'); Wood MIM XVI 
310 (samé as Brugmann); Hoffmann 
Festschr. Fick 40-41 (to Gk kTveco 'to set in 
motion'); Zupitza Gutt. 105 (to Slav 
*cěditi 'to strain, to filter'); Petersson 
PBB XLIV 173 (to Osset sidyn ~ se dun 
'to call'); Pedersen Kelt. Gr. II 490-491 
(to Ir cisse 'carried in'); Torp-Falk 64: 
Holthausen AEEW 150; Feist 236-237 
Prokosch CGG 176-178 (from *kei-d-) 
Jóhannesson IEW 198; Pokorný I 538 
Vries AMEW 220; Onions 440; Seebold 
246-248; Abaev III 105-106 (samé as 
Petersson); Lehmann GED 171-172; 
Kluge-Seebold 367. 

*xaitaz adj.: ON heitr 'hoť, OE hát 
id., OFris hět id., OS hit id., OHG heíz 
id. Related to *xajaz. Zupitza Gutt. 
112; Zupitza Gutt. 112; Torp-Falk 89; 
Holthausen AEE]V 149-150; Karsten 
MB I 18, 59; Pokorný I 519; Vries 
AMEW 220; Onions 449; Stang LS 25; 
Heidermanns 271-272; Kluge-Seebold 
366-367. 

*xaitjanan wk.vb.: ON heita 'to brew, to 
heať, OE hdtan 'to heať, OS hetian id., 
OHG heizen 'to light up'. Derived from 
*xaitaz. Holthausen AEEW 146; Vries 
AME]V 220; Onions 433; Heidermanns 
271; Kluge-Seebold 367. 

*xaitj5n sb.m.: Goth bi-haitja 'boaster', 
OE scyld-hete 'enemy, woe', OS scult-hětio 
'bailiff'. Derived from *xaitanan. Feist 
90; Seebold 247. 

*xaij)ina-d5maz sb.m.: ON heidin-dómr 
'headiendom', OE héden-dóm id., MLG 
heiden-dom id., OHG heidan-tuom id. De- 
rived from *xaipinaz. Carr Mom. comp. 
73 (parallel formations). 



xaijmiaz 



154 



xalbaz 



*xaibinaz adj.: Goth haipns 'heathen' (with 
syncope), ON heidinn id., OE hréden id., 
OFris hěthin id., OS hěthin id., OHG hei- 
dan id. Derived from *xaipiz with the 
originál meaning 'living on the heath, 
wilď. In individual Germanic languages, 
the word might háve been influenced by 
Lat pdgánus (Grienberger Got. 106, but 
see Vries ANEW 216-217). Attested as 
XouSeivoí (Ptol.), people of Western 
Scandinavia. Simon ~dPh LIII 46-49 
(ON and WGmc from Goth); Jellinek 
GGS 165, 190, Z DADL LXVI 134 
(against Simon); Torp-Falk 64; Holt- 
hausen IF XXX 48 (to *skaiianan ~ 
*skaipanan), AEE]V 146; Wessén ANF 
XLIV 86-91; Schulze Kl. Schr. 519-527 
(Goth haipns as an adaptation of Gk 
Ě9vri); Feist 237-238; Vries ANEW 216; 
Onions 433; Lehmann GED 172-173; 
FCluge-Seebold 364. 

*xaibiz sb.f: Goth haipi 'fielď, ON heiSr 
'heath', OE mase, neut. hied id., OS 
hětha, heitha id. (in pln.), OHG heida id. 
Related to OW coit 'woods', OCorn cuit 
id., Bret coet id. (Fick KZ I 368- 
369). Fick II 76 (to Lat bu-cetum 'pas- 
ture for cattle'); Solmsen K^XXXW 14 
(follows Fick); Braune PBB XLIII 
430-431; Torp-Falk 64; Kxuge Z dw 
XI 26; Holthausen AEEJ\ 7 146; Feist 
237; Pokorný I 521; Vries ANEW 217; 
Zalizniak II 213; Schulze Kl. Schr. 521— 
524; Onions 433; Lehmann GED 172; 
Kluge-Seebold 363. 

*xajaz sb.n.: Goth hais 'torch', OHG hei 
'heať. Probably related to Lith kaistú, 
kaísti 'to become hoť < *kai-t-. Zupitza 
Gutt. 112; Feist 235-236; Pokorný 1519; 
Fraenkel 204; Lehmann GED 171; 
Heidermanns 272. 

*xakón sb.m.: ON haki 'hook', OE haca 
'bolť, OS hako 'bolt, hook', OHG fem. 
hacka id. Identical with Hitt kaká- 'tooth' 
(Puhvel IV 14-15). From here WGmc 
*xakudaz ~ *xakiiaz 'pike' > OE hacod, 
OS hakth, OHG hehhit derivationally sim- 
ilar to Slav *kogbtb 'claw' (Brugmann 
GrundriJ] 11/ 1 427). Cf. also *xdka Z > OE 



hóc 'hook', OFris hok id., MLG hok 
'corner, angle'. Zupitza Gutt. 111; 
Torp-Falk 66; Lewy IF XXXII 160; 
Trautmann BSW 112; Holthausen 
AEEW 143, 167; Pokorný I 537-538; 
Vries ANEW 203 (to Latv kegis 'crutch'); 
Onions 447; Stang LS 30; Vasmer- 
Trubachev II 275; Kluge-Seebold 
349-350. 

*xakulaz ~ *xakuló(n) sb.m./f: Goth 
hakuls 'cloak, mantle', ON hqku.ll 'priesťs 
cope', OE hacele 'cloak, mantle', hada id., 
OFris hezil id., OHG hahhul id. Derived 
from *xakon, lit. a cloak buttoned with 
fibulae (Diefenbach PTKII 513). Hirt 
BB XXIV 277 (from *xoko 'goať related 
to Slav *koza id.); Grienberger Got. 107 
(to ON haka 'chin'); Meillet Etudes 172 
(agrees with Hirt); Uhlenbeck PBB 
XXX 287 (follows Diefenbach); Sperber 
WuS VI 20; Trautmann ~dl\'f VII 
171 (to Slovené kozól 'woven vessel'); 
Wiedemann PBB XXLX 314 (to Latv 
sagša 'cover'); Zupitza Gutt. 106; Torp- 
Falk 67; Holthausen AEE]V 143; Feist 
238-239; Pokorný I 517; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 80; Vries ANEW 280; Zalizniak 
II 182; Lehmann GED 173; Golab Origins 
143; Fvluge-Seebold 385—386. 

*xalba-brunnanaz ~ *xalfoa-forun- 
nenaz adj.: ON hálf-brunnin 'half-burnť, 
OHG halb-brunnan id. Compound of *xal- 
taz and participle of *brennanan. Carr 
Nom. comp. 92 (parallel formations). 

*xalba-daudaz adj.: ON hálf-dauSr 
'half-deaď, OE healf-deád id., OHG 
halb-tot id. Compound of *xalbaz and 
*daudaz. Carr Nom. comp. 92 (parallel 
formations). 

*xalbaz adj.: Goth halbs 'half, ON hálfr 
id., OE healf id., OFris half id., OS half 
id., OHG halb id. A difficult word. 
Probably related to Skt kálpate 'to suc- 
ceed, to fit, to be partaken by'. Grien- 
berger Got. 107-108 (to Lith šalis 'side'); 
Gůntert TlaSXI 137-138 (to Gk KÓXjtoq 
'pudenda'); Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 287 
(< IE *skel-p- 'to cuť); Pedersen K£ 
XXXVIII 373 (to Slav *xolpb 'slavě, 



xalbaz 



155 



xalja-runo(n) 



serf'); Zupitza Gutt. 106; Torp-Falk 85 
(to OE helfe 'handle', MLG hehe id., 
OHG halb id.); Feist 239; Holthausen 
AEEW 151; Karsten NB I 48; Mayr- 
hofer I 183-184; Pokorný I 926; Vries 
ANEW 204; Lehmann GED 173; Heider- 
manns 272-273; Kluge-Seebold 350. 

*xalbibo sb.f.: ON helft 'half, OFris help, 
halfte id., MLG heljte id. Derived from 
*xaliaz. Torp-Falk 85; Vries ANEW 
221; Keuge-Seebold 350. 

*xalbó sb.f.: Goth halba 'half, OE healfiá., 
OS halba id., OHG halb id. Related to 
*xalbaz. Torp-Falk 85; Holthausen 
AEEWlbl; Feist 239; Vries ANEW 204; 
Zalizniak II 180; Onions 424; Lehmann 
GED 173; Heidermanns 273; Kluge- 
Seebold 350. 

*xalbón sb.f.: ON hálfa 'region, quarter', 
OFris halve 'side', OS halba id., OHG 
halba id. Derived from *xalbaz. Torp- 
Falk 85; Heidermanns 273. 

*xaldan sb.n.: ON hald 'hold, fastening, 
support, custody', OE heald 'guardian- 
ship, protection', OHG mase. burg-halto 
'city advocate'. Derived from *xalianan. 
Holthausen AEE]V 150-151; Vries 
ANEW 204; Seebold 248. 

*xaldanan str.vb.: Goth haldan 'to tend, 
to herd, to graze cattie', ON halda 'to 
hold', OE healdan id., OFris halda 'to 
capture', OS haldan 'to hold', OHG 
haltan id. Related to Toch B kal(t)s- 'to 
goad, to drive', Lat prae-celló 'to surpass, 
to excel' < *keld-, celsus 'soaring, high'. 
Meringer IF XVIII 236; Zupitza Gutt. 
106 (to Gk fScm-KÓkx; 'shepherď), BB 
XXV 99 (to Lat aus-culto 'to listen'); 
Brugmann IF XXXII 1 8 1 (on the vocal- 
ism); Torp-Falk 84; Walde-Hofmann I 
197; Holthausen AEEW 151; Feist 
239-240; Jóhannesson IEW 246-247; 
Pokorný I 548; Onions 444; Vries 
AAEJK204; Seebold 248-249; Lehmann 
Language XVIII 129 (to *kel- 'to drive', cf. 
Skt kaláyati 'to impel, to bear, to carry, to 
do'), GED 173-174; Kluge-Seebold 
351-352; Adams TB 174. 

*xaldaz adj.: Goth comp. ni pe haldis 



'none, by no means', ON adv. heldr 
'rather, more', OS comp. than hald ni 'just 
as', OHG comp. halt 'sooner', adv. halto 
'quickly, swifdy'. A variant of *xalpaz. 
Dtefenbach F7KII 517-518; Fick III 85; 
Grienberger Got. 108—109 (direedy to 
*xalianan 'to hold'); Kroes GRM XXXVI 
345-347; Torp-Falk 85; Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXX 287; Feist 240; Pokorný I 
552; Vries ANEW 221; Lehmann GED 
174; Heidermanns 274; Kluge-Seebold 
351. 

*xalinz ~ *xalubz sb.m.: ON hqlSr 'a 
kind of higher yeoman', halr 'man', 
OSwed hdlith 'man, soldier', OE helefd) 
'man, hero' (root stem *xalěps), OS helith 
'soldier, hero', OHG helid id. Probably 
related to Skt kalya- 'healthy, prepared 
for, clever', Gk naXóq 'beautiful', kcxAXi- 
(in compounds) (Specht K£ LXII 257- 
258). Zupitza Gutt. 107; Johansson 
WZKM XLX 237 (to Gk KÍ\y\q 'courser, 
riding horše' < *kelet-); Meillet MSL 
XVII 114 (samé as Johansson); Torp- 
Falk 84 (follow Johansson); Holthausen 
AEEW 144; Specht 128, 195 (direedy to 
Gk koiA.ó<; 'beautiful'); Johansson SF 307 
(from *'man from Hallanď); Mayrhofer 
I 184-185; Pokorný I 524; Vries ANEW 
206; Frisk I 766-767; Zalizniak II 208; 
Frisk I 766—767 (against Specht on 
semantic grounds); Bammesberger Nom. 
215 (to IE *kel- 'to raise'); Kluge- 
Seebold 368; Adams TB 155 (to Toch B 
kaly-ške 'boy, youth'). 

*xaliz adj.: Goth adv. halis-aiw 'hardly 
ever', MHG hel 'weak'. Probably, histori- 
cally connected with *xalipz ~ *xalupz. 
On the other hand, cf. Latv kalst 'to 
dry' and probably Slav *kolěti 'to freeze' 
(Zubatý AfslPh XVI 395). Holthausen 
IF XIV 340 (to Gk KÓXoq mutílateď), 
XXXLX 70; Feist 240; Lehmann GED 
174. 

*xalja-runó(n) sb.f: Goth- Lat pl. haliurun- 
nae 'witches' (Jord.), OE helle-rúne 'sor- 
ceress, neeromancer', OHG helli-rúna 
'magie'. Compound of *xaljo and *rúno. 
Carr Nom. comp. 44. 



xalja-witjan 



156 



xalsaz 



*xalja-wítjan sb.n.: ON hel-víti 'hell', 
OE helle-wíte 'hell-torment, hell', OS helli- 
witi 'helF, MHG fem. helle-wíze id. 
Compound of *xaljo and *wltjan. Vries 
AMEW 222. 

*xaljó sb.f.: Goth halja 'hell', ON hel 
'abode of the deaď, theon. Hel, the god- 
dess of death, OE hell 'hell', OFris helle 
id., OS hellia id., OHG helia id. Derived 
from *xelanan thus probably repeating the 
semantíc motivation of Gk "Ai8r|<; < *n- 
uid-. Notě Mír luid ar cel 'went to hell' 
(Gůntert Kalypso 34—35), cel 'death'. 
Szadrowsky PBB LXXII 221-223 (to 
*xalluz ~ *xallaz); Zupitza Gutt. 185; 
Torp-Falk 80; Holthausen AEEW 
1454; Feist 240-241; Trier Lehm 52- 
61 ('hell' < 'lattice work'); Pokorný I 
554; Vries AMEW 220-221; Frisk I 
33-34; Zalizniak II 213; Onions 435; 
Lehmann GED 1 74, 1 94; Bammesberger 
Mom. 112; Kluge-Seebold 380-381. 

*xallaz adj.: ON sbst. hall-ieri 'bad season', 
NFris halí 'dry', MHG hel 'weak'. Cf. also 
MDu hael 'dried up' < *xelaz (Matzel K^ 
CV 110). Related to Lat caleo 'to be 
warm', W clyd 'warm' < *klto-, Lith šylú, 
šilti 'to become warm'. Torp-Falk 83; 
Walde-Hofmann I 137; Pokorný I 
551-552; Heidermanns 275. 

*xalló sb.f: ON hqll 'halí' (pardy from 
*xalliz), OE heall id., OS halla id., OHG 
halla id. From *xal-n-o based on *xelanan. 
Torp-Falk 80; Holthausen AEEW 151; 
Pokorný I 554; Vries AMEW 280-281; 
Zalizniak II 193; Onions 424; Kluge- 
Seebold 350. 

*xalluz ~ *xallaz sb.m.: Goth hallus 
'stone slab, rock', ON hallr 'big stone, 
boulder', OE heall 'rock'. Related to 
Mír coll 'head, leader', Lat collis 'hill' < 
*kolnis (or *klnis), Lith kálnas 'mountain', 
Latv kalus id. Zupitza Gutt. 47, 106; 
Torp-Falk 86; Bugge BB XXXII 24 (to 
Skt šila 'stone, rock, crag'); Hirt BB 
XXIV 278 (to OPrus kalso 'flat cake'); 
Brugmann IF XVII 487, XXLX 233; 
Holthausen AEEW 151; Walde- 
Hofmann I 245; Feist 241; Pokorný I 



544, 925; Fraenkel 209-210; Vries 
AMEW 205; Zalizniak II 200; Lerchner 
112; Wagner R'Z XCVII 281-283 (to 
Lat callum 'callous', Olr calath 'hard'); 
Hamp IF LXXXI 36-38; Lehmann GED 
174-175. 

*xalmaz sb.m.: ON háhnr 'straw', OE 
neut. healm 'stalk, straw', MLG halm 
id., OHG halm id. Identical with Hitt 
kalam(m)a- 'broom, rake', Gk Ká^anoq 
'reeď, Lat culmus 'stalk', OPrus šalme 
'straw', Latv salms id., Slav *solma id. 
Zupitza Gutt. 182; Torp-Falk 85; 
Trautmann BSW 298; Holthausen 
AEEW 151, AMIV 104; Walde-Hofmann 
I 303-304; Pokorný I 612; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 62-63; Frisk I 760-761; Vries 
AMEW 206; Zalizniak II 227; Onions 
430; Vasmer-Trubachev III 7 1 3; Puhvel 
IV 18; Kluge-Seebold 351. 

*xalojanan wk.vb.: OFris halia 'to calT, 
OS halon id., OHG halon id. Identical 
with Lat calo 'to call', further related 
to Hitt kaleš- id., Gk Kareto id. Torp- 
Falk 83; Walde-Hofmann I 141-142; 
Pokorný I 548-549; Frisk I 763-764; 
Onions 424; Seebold 253-254; Kluge- 
Seebold 380. 

*xalón sb.m.: ON hali 'tail'. Closely re- 
lated to Skt šala- 'staff', Mír cail 'spear'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 182; Torp-Falk 82; 
Mayrhofer III 313-314; Pokorný I 
552; Vries AMEW 204. 

*xalsa-bainan sb.n.: ON fem. háls-beina 
'neckbone', MLG hals-ben id., OHG hals- 
bein id. Compound of *xalsaz and *bainan. 
Carr Mom. comp. 83 (parallel formations). 

*xalsa-fan3an sb.n.: ON háls-fang 'em- 
bracing', OE heals-fan^ 'compensation 
paid by one sentenced to the pillory', 
OFris hals-fang 'rape'. Compound of *xal- 
saz and *jan^an ~ *fanxan. Carr Mom. 
comp. 72 (parallel formations). 

*xalsa-manjan sb.n.: ON háls-men 'neck- 
lace', OE mase. heals-mene id., OLG 
hals-meni id. Compound of *xalsaz and 
*manjan. Carr Mom. comp. 48. 

*xalsaz sb.m.: Goth hals 'neck', ON háls 
id., OE heals id., OFris hals id., OS hals 



xalsaz 



157 



xamalojanan 



id., OHG hals id. Together with Lat col- 
lus, collum id. and Mír coll 'head, chief' 
continues IE *k"olso- (Falk ANF XLI 
120). No traces of the initial *k"- in Gmc 
(Noreen IF IV 320-321). Solmsen K'Z 
XXXIV 547 (follows Noreen); Stokes IF 
XII 187 (on the Irish form); Tor- 
bjórnsson Festschr. Noreen 257; Zupitza 
Gutt. 50, 106; Torp-Faek 82; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 151; Walde-Hofmann I 
245; Feist 241-242; Krahe SuV 75; 
Porzig Gliederung 1 1 3; Pokorný I 639- 
640; Chemodanov SGGJa I 88; Vries 
ANEW 206; Zalizniak I 132; Lehmann 
GED 175; Keuge-Seebold 351. 

*xalsjan sb.n.: ON helsi 'collar', MHG 
helse id. Derived from *xalsaz. Vries 
ANEW 221. 

*xals5janan vvk.vb.: ON hálsa 'to em- 
brace', OS helsian id., OHG halson, halsen 
id. Derived from *xahaz. Vries ANEW 
206. 

*xaltaz adj.: Goth halts 'crippled, lamě', 
ON haltr id., OE healt id., OFris halt 
id., OS halt id., OHG halz id. Related to 
Arm kat lamě', Gk keXXÓv axpepXóv, 
jtXáyiov (Hes.), Olr co// 'destruction, 
ruin'. ZuprrzA Gutt. 107; Torp-Falk 
84; Feist 242-243; Holthausen AEEW 
152; Karsten MB I 41; Sutterlfn IF 
XXV 67 (to Lat claudus 'lamě'); Walde- 
Hoffmann I 231 (to Skt khoda- 'limping, 
lamě', Lat claudus); Speoht 130 (to Russ 
koldyka 'lamě person'); Trier Holz 49 (to 
*xultaň)\ Pokorný I 547; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 85; Vries ANEW 206; Onions 
425; Lehmann GED 175 (from *M-, 
*klád- 'to strike'; originál meaning in 
Gmc: *'broken bones'); Heidermanns 
275-276. 

*xaltín sb.f: ON helti 'lameness', OFris 
strump-helte 'lameness cause by mutila- 
tion', OS spuri-helti 'limping', OHG sěr- 
halzi 'disability caused by injury'. Derived 
from *xaltaz. Heidermanns 276. 

*xaltjanan wk.vb.: ON heltask 'to become 
halť, OHG ir-helzen 'to lamě'. Derived 
from *xaltaz. Heidermanns 276. 

*xaljíaz adj.: ON hallr 'sloping, leaning to 



one side', OE heald 'bent, inclineď, OFris 
north-hald 'directed northwards', OS hold 
'inclined, merciful', OHG hald 'bent 
down'. Related to *xaldanan (cf. also *xal- 
panan > OSwed halla 'to hold'). Torp- 
Falk 82-83; Holthausen AWN 104 (to 
Skt kátaka- 'bracelet, ring', Lith at-kalte 
'back'), AEEW 151; Pokorný I 552 (to 
Lith šalis 'side'); Vries ANEW 205; 
Onions 434; Lehmann GED 403; Hei- 
dermanns 276-277; Kluge-Seebold 350; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*xalj)ín sb.f: Goth wilja-halpei 'partisan- 
ship, partiality', OHG uo-haldi 'steep 
pláce'. Derived from *xalpaz. Feist 563; 
Vries ANEW 205; Onions 434; Heider- 
manns 276. 

*xalj)janan wk.vb.: ON helia 'to pour ouť, 
OE hyldan 'to incline, to benď, OS af-hel- 
dian 'to cease', OHG gi-helden 'to incline, 
to tilť. Derived from *xalpaz. Zupitza 
Gutt. 1 1 3; Torp-Falk 83; Holthausen 
AEEW 158; Vries ANEW 221; Heider- 
manns 277. 

*xalj5ojanan wk.vb.: ON halla 'to lean 
sideways', OHG haldon 'to be tilted, to 
benď. Derived from *xalpaz. Torp-Falk 
82-83; Heidermanns 277. 

*xamalaz I sb.m.: ON prop. Hamali, 
MLG hamel 'wether', MHG hamal id. 
Substantivized *xamalaz II. Torp-Falk 
73; Holthausen AWN 105 (to Skt neut. 
sámala- 'stain, spot, faulť), AEEW 152; 
Pokorný I 929; Vries ANEW 206-207 
(to IE *skep- 'to cuť); Heidermanns 277; 
Fvluge-Seebold 353. 

*xamalaz II adj.: ON hamal-kyrni 'a 
kind of seeď, OHG hamal 'mutilateď. 
Identical with Slav *komoh> 'hornless' 
(Schulze K^ XL 259), further connected 
with *kom~b 'lump'. Karsten NB II 233; 
Berneker I 554 (against Schulze); Torp- 
Falk 73; Meillet MSL XIV 376; Wiss- 
mann AWNP 97-98 (secondary derivative 
of *xamalojari); Pokorný I 929; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa X 174—175; Heidermanns 
277; Kluge-Seebold 353. 

*xamal5janan wk.vb.: ON hamla 'to 
mutilate', OE hamelian id., OFris homelia 



xamalojanan 



158 



xam(u)laz 



id., OHG bi-hamalon 'to cut, to strike'. 
Derived from *xamalaz II. Torp-Falk 
73; Holthausen AEE]\' 148; Heider- 
manns 277; Kluge-Seebold 353. 

*xam(a)15n sb.f.: ON hamla 'oar-loop', 
OHG hamila 'satyrion, orchis'. Related to 
Lith kamblys 'leafless stock', Slav *komblb 
'butt-end (of a tree)'. Further cf. *xamalaz 
II. Fraenkel 213; Vries AME1 V 2 7 (to 
Gk Kiinetí; id.). 

*xamaraz sb.m.: ON hamán 'hammer', 
OE hamor, hamer id., OFris hamer, homer 
id., OS hamar, hamur id., OHG hamar id. 
With a metathesis of the anlaut similar to 
that of slav *kamy, continues a thematic 
derivative of IE *ak-men- 'stone': *akmoros 
identical with Skt ašmará- 'stony' (Streit- 
berg IF II 419). Thus, the originál mean- 
ing of the Germanic word was 'stone 
hammer'. Pedersen KZ XXXII 247; 
Detter ZPADL XLII 57 (to *xamala Z II, 
cf. Lat saxum 'large stone, rock' ~ seco 'to 
cuť); Zupitza Gutt. 108; Torp-Falk 74; 
Gůntert WitS XI 140 (to *xamalaz II 
with a secondary attraction to *ak-men-), 
Labyrinth 21 (to pre-Gk Kanápa 'covered 
carriage, vaulted chamber'); Holthausen 
AEE1T 149; Fraenkel KZ LXIII 
183-184; Mayrhofer I 60; Pokorný I 
19; Vries ANEW 207; Zalizniak I 132; 
Onions 425; Stang LS 25; Schelesniker 
Festschr. Olberg 23-26; Maher JIES I 
441-442; Kluge-Seebold 352-353. 

*xamaz sb.m.: ON hamr 'skin, shape', OE 
ham 'covering, garment, shirť, hamá 'cov- 
ering', MLG ham id., OHG hamo 'fishing- 
neť. Probably related to Skt šarm 
'Prosopis spicigera' (Zupitza BB XXIV 
182) and further to *kem- 'to cover'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 182; Torp-Falk 74; 
Holthausen AEE\V 148; Mayrhofer 
IE 299; Pokorný I 556; Vries ANEW 
208. 

*xam(e)stró sb.f: OS hamustra 'curculio, 
corn-weevil', OHG hamustra 'hamster'. 
Probably borrowed from Lat comestor 
'glutton' (Murianov Etim. 1983 105). 
However, the obvious connection with 
Slav *xoměstor~b 'hamster' remains un- 



clear. Fick BB II 266 (to Lat cumera 
'chest, box' < *komeso-); Berneker I 395 
(< Slav); Fraenkel 896; Onions 425. 

*xamfaz adj.: Goth hamfs 'mutilated, 
maimeď, OS haf 'witír crippled hands', 
OHG hamf 'mutilated'. Related to Olr 
camm 'crooked, benť and further to Gk 
Kaunri 'benď, Lat campus 'fielď < *'bend- 
ing', Lith kařhpas 'corner, edge', Slav 
*kqp~b 'hill, island' (Saussure Recueil 598). 
Dtefenbach V1V II 529-531 (to Gk 
kojitq) 'to strike'); Schroder lig. Anz. 
XXVI 59 (to ON hnafa 'to cut off'); 
Aufderhaar Líhnw. 21-22 (WGmc < 
Goth); Zupitza Gutt. 1 08; Torp-Falk 74- 
75; Walde-Hofmann I 148-149; Feist 
243; Pokorný I 525; Fraenkel 213-214; 
Frisk I 774-775; Trubachev ESSJa XII 
56-57; Lehmann GED 175-176; Puh\t;l 
IV 61-63 (adds Hitt kappi- 'small, littíe' 
<? *kampi-); Heidermanns 278. 

*xam(m)in3az sb.m.: ON hemingr 'skin of 
the hide shanks', prop. Hemingr; OE 
hemrnins 'a kind of shoe', OFris hemminge 
'leather wear, shoe', OHG prop. Haming. 
Derivedfrom *xam(m)o. YmjíMVA 1919, 
133; Holthausen AEESY 155; Vries 
ANEW2TI. 

*xam(m)janan wk.vb.: ON hemja 'to 
restrain, to hold back', OE hemman id., 
OFris hemma 'to mutilate', MDu hemmen 
'to slow down', OHG gi-hemmen 'to 
humiliate'. Derived from *xam(m)ó. 
Zupitza Gutt. 108; Lowenthal KZ 
XLVII 146 (to Gk kiÍhoq 'a kind of 
planť, Slav *konb 'horše'); Torp-Falk 74; 
Holthausen AEE]V 155; Pokorný I 555; 
Vries AJÍE]V 222; Kluge-Seebold 369. 

*xam(m)5 sb.f: ON hqm 'ham', OE ham 
id., MLG ham(m)e id., MHG hamme id. 
From *xanmo < *komma, an ablaut vari- 
ant of *knama: Gk kviÍhti 'leg, shank', Olr 
cnáim 'bone' (Fick KZ I 368-369). 
Torp-Falk 74; Holthausen AEEW 148; 
Pokorný I 613-614; Frisk I 883; Vries 
ANEW 279; Zalizniak II 225; Onions 
425. 

*xam(u)laz sb.m.: Norw dial. humul 'bar', 
MHG hamel 'bar, roď. Related to 



xam(u)laz 



159 



xanctuz 



*xam(a)lb~n. Torp-Falk 74 (to Gk ícánai; 
'vine-pole, pole, shafť). 

*xan(a)paz sb.m.: ON hampr 'hemp', OE 
hienep id., OS hanup id., OHG hanaf, hanif 
id. An early borrowing from Lat cannabis 
id. < Gk KíivvapK; id. Hoops ]Vald~ 
bdume 472—473 (from Scythian or Thra- 
cian); Lewy IF LIII 122; Torp-Falk 70; 
Holthausen AEEW 145; Vries AMEW 
208; Zalizniak II 187; Onions 436 
(related to Lat cannabis); Kluge-Seebold 
354. 

*xanda3az ~ *xanctÍ3az ~ *xan<iu3az 
adj.: Goth handugs 'wise', Norw hendig 
'deft, adroit, quick', OE list-hendi^ 'having 
skilful hands', OHG hantag, hantig 'wise'. 
Derived from *xanduz (Meillet MSL LX 
49). Kern TMTL XX 245-246; Grien- 
berger Got. 110 (to Lidi kandiis 'snappy, 
acrimonious'); Blankenstein IF XXI 
115; Zupitza Gutt. 206; Zupitza Gutt. 
206; Torp-Faek 71; Feist 244; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 155; Kluge Mom. Stamm 
100 (to Gk kevtÉco 'to prick'); Feist 
244; Pokorný I 567; Meid Wortbild. 192; 
Lehmann GED 176 (follows Kluge); 
Heidermanns 278-279. 

*xanda3Ín ~ *xandu3in sb.f: Goth han- 
dugei 'wisdom', OHG hantagi 'sharpness, 
agony, pain'. Derived from *xanda^az ~ 
*xandi$az ~ *xanduyiz. Feist 244; Hei- 
dermanns 279. 

*xandjanan wk.vb.: ON henda 'to catch, 
to piek up', OE 3e-hendan 'to hold', OFris 
henda, handa 'to catch'. Derived from *xan- 
duz. Holthausen AEE1V 155; Vries 
AMEW 222; Seebold 255. 

*xandlan ~ *xandló sb.n./f: OE handle 
'handle', MLG hantel id., OHG hantilla 
'towel'. Derived from *xanduz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 149; Onions 426. 

*xandl5janan wk.vb.: ON hqndla 'to han- 
dle, to manage', OE handlian 'to feel, to 
handle', OFris handelia, hondelia 'to han- 
dle', OS handlon 'to act, to deal', OHG 
hantalon 'to handle, to feel'. Derived from 
*xandlan ~ *xandlo. Holthausen AEE1 1 ' 
149; Vries ANEU t 208; Onions 426; 
Kluge-Seebold 353. 



*xandu-banón sb.m.: ON hand-bani 
'homicide', OE hand-bana id., OS hand- 
bano id. Compound of *xanduz and 
*banon. Carr Mom. comp. 48. 

*xandu-lamaz adj.: ON hand-lami 'with 
a lamě hanď (rastem), OHG hant-lam 
id. Compound of *xanduz and Hamaz. 
Carr Mom. comp. 90 (parallel formations). 

*xandu-lausaz adj.: ON hand-lauss 'with- 
out hands', OFris hand-las id., MHG 
hande-los id. Compound of *xanduz and 
Hausaz. Carr Mom. comp. 89 (parallel 
formations). 

*xandu-ma3enan sb.n.: ON hand-megin 
'strength of hand, strength', OE hand- 
m&sen id., OS hand-magan id. Compound 
of *xaniuz and *masenan. Carr Mom. 
comp. 48. 

*xandu-saxsan sb.n.: ON hand-sax 'short 
sworď, OE hand-seax id., OHG *hand-sahs 
id. (> Fr hansart). Carr Mom. comp. 49. 

*xandu-werkan sb.n.: ON hand-verk 
'handiwork', OE hand-weorc id., OS hand- 
werk id., OHG hant-werc id. Compound of 
*xanduz and *werkan. Carr Mom. comp. 
72 (parallel formations). 

*xandu-wurxtaz adj.: Goth handu-waurhts 
'handmade', OE hand-worht id. Com- 
pound of *xanduz and *wurxtaz. Feist 
245; Carr Mom. comp. 88 (calque of Gk 
X£ip07toir|TÓi; in Godi and of Lat manufac- 
tum in OE); Velten JEGP XXLX 349 
(calque on Greek); Lehmann GED 177. 

*xančtuz sb.f: Goth handus 'hanď, ON 
hqnd id. (root stem), OE hand id., OFris 
hand, hond id., OS hand 'side', OHG hant 
'hanď. Derived from *xenpanan (Grimm 
DG 35), cf. Lidi ranka 'hanď ~ renkú, 
riňkti 'to gather'. Loewenthal AMF 
XXXIII 123-124 (to Slav *č í ú 'to 
begin'); Zupitza Gutt. 183; Torp-Falk 
71; Holthausen AEEW 149; Feist 
244-245; Fraenkel 736; Vries AMEW 
281; Zalizniak II 208; Onions 425; 
Wagner ZfceltPh XXXII 76-77; Seebold 
255; Markey JIES XII 261-292; Huld 
120 (to Alb thua ~ thue 'nail'); Lehmann 
GED 176-177; Bammesberger Mom. 
155-156; Kluge-Seebold 353. 



xari3janan 



160 



xanxuz 



*xan3Janan wk.vb.: ON hengja 'to hang 
up, to suspenď, OFris hingia id., OHG 
ir-henken id. Causative of *xanxanan ~ 
*xan3anan. Vries AMEW 222; Seebold 
250; Lehmann GED 168. 

*xanxan sb.n.: Goth faura-hah 'curtain', 
OHG bruoh-hah 'belt, girdle'. Derived 
from *xanxanan ~ *xan^anan. Feist 145; 
Seebold 250. 

*xanxanan ~ *xan3anan str.vb.: Goth 
hahan 'to hang, to make hang', ON hanga 
id., OE han id., OFris hua id., OS hahan 
id., OHG hahan id. Related to Hitt 
kaňka-, kankiya- id. (Sturtevant Language 
VII 172). Probably further connected with 
Skt šáňkate 'to doubt, to fear', Lat cúnctor 
'to hesitate', cf. with a similar metaphoric 
usage Goth saiwala unsare hahis (John 10: 
24). Meillet MSL XV 351-352 (pho- 
netics of Goth); Torp-Falk 70; Feist 
230-231; Holthausen AEEW 169; 
Walde-Hofmann I 307; Jóhannesson 
IEW 207-208; Mayrhofer III 290; 
Pokorný I 566; Vries AMEW 208 (to 
*xakon); Kammenhuber KZ LXXVII 63 
(on Hitt); Onions 426; Seebold 249-250; 
Lehmann GED 168; Puhvel IV 48-51; 
Kluge-Seebold 354-355. 

*xanxa-sin(a)w6 sb.f.: ON há-sin 
'Achilles' tendon, hamstring', OE hóh-sinu 
id., OFris hoxene id., MDu haes-sene id., 
OHG hah-sina. Compound of *xanxaz 
II and *sin(a)wó. Torp-Falk 67; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 168; Carr Mom. comp. 49; 
Vries AMEW 213; Lehmann GED 168; 
Kluge-Seebold 346. 

*xanxaz I sb.m.: Run dat. sg. hahai 
'courser', OHG háh-, hang- (in prop.). 
Related to Gk kt|kÍco 'to gush, to bub- 
ble forth', Lith šoku, šókti 'to spring, to 
dance' < *(s)kek-. Or samé as *xanxaz II? 
Pokorný I 522; Fraenkel 1021-1022; 
Frisk I 838. 

*xanxaz II sb.m.: ON há-mót 'ankle-joinť, 
OE hóh 'heef. Related to Lith kinka 
'leg, thigh, knee-cap' (Zupitza Gutt. 
115). Torp-Falk 67 (to Lat coxa 'hip'); 
Petersson IF XXXV 271-272; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 168; Pokorný I 566; 



Fraenkel 239; Vries AMEW 199; 
Onions 434; Stang LS 27-28; Kluge- 
Seebold 346; Dybo BSA 20. 

*xanxěnan ~ *xan3ěnan wk.vb.: Goth 
hahan 'to hang', ON hanga id. (part of 
forms), OE hanjian id., OFris hangia id., 
OS hangon id., OHG hangěn id. Derived 
from *xanxanan ~ *xan^anan. ON há 'to 
wear (by sickness or work), to make 
depenď < *xanxenan belongs here rather 
than to Lith kaňka 'pain' (despite Zupitza 
Gutt. 111, 132). Zupitza Gutt. 133; 
Torp-Falk 70; Holthausen AEEW 149; 
Feist 230-231; Vries AMEW 200; 
Seebold 250. 

*xanxilaz ~ *xanxilon sb.m.: ON htell 
'heel', OE héla id., OFris hěla id., MDu 
hiel, hiele id. Derived from *xanxaz II. 
Cf. similar forms in Skt kaňkala- 'scrag, 
shelf, Lith kenkle 'knee-cap'. Meringer 
IF XVII 121 (ON fusll to OHG huohill 
'small plow'); Zupitza Gutt. 115; Torp- 
Falk 67, 70; Holthausen AEEW 167; 
Mayrhofer I 137; Fraenkel 239; Vrles 
AMEW 209-210, 276; Onions 434; 
Lehmann GED 189; Kluge-Seebold 346; 
Dybo BSA 20. 

*xanxistaz ~ *xan3Ístaz sb.m.: ON 
hestr 'stallion', OE hen^est 'horše, steeď, 
OFris hanxt, hengst, hingst id., MDu henxt 
id., OHG hengist 'gelding'. Cf. Celt 
*kankstiká 'maře': W caseg, Bret pl. kezeg, 
OCorn cassec (from Gmc?). Superlative 
of *xanxaz I. Sperber WuS VI 21 (to 
MHG hagen 'draught animal'); Schrader- 
Nehring I 626 (to Lat cant(h)erius 'geld- 
ing, ass, mule' < *canctirius); Torp-Falk 
70; Holthausen AEEW 155; Pokorný I 
522 (to Lith šankús 'quick, fasť); Vries 
AMEW 226; Zalizniak II 227; Onions 
436; Rasmussen APIIKU rV 140; Kluge- 
Seebold 369. 

*xanxuz sb.m.: ON hár 'thole'. Identical 
with Skt šankú- 'peg, spike', cf. also Slav 
*sqkb 'branch'. Zupitza Gutt. 798; 
Torp-Falk 70; Sperber ]\'uS VI 20 (to 
ON hagr 'handy, skilful'); Zupitza Gutt. 
133, 184; Mayrhofer III 290; Pokorný 
I 523; Vries AMEW 209 (to *xoxon); 



xanxuz 



161 



xarčtm 



Vasmer-Trubachev III 798; Lehmann 
GED 189. 

*xank5 sb.f.: ON hqnk 'hank, coil', mase. 
hanki 'hasp, clasp', MLG hank 'handle'. 
See *xakBn. Torp-Falk 67 (to Lith kéngé 
'hook'); Fraenkel 255 (Lith kéngé < 
Gmc). 

*xanon sb.m.: Gouh hana 'cock, rooster', 
ON hani id., OE hana id., OFris hana, hona 
id., OS hano id., OHG hano id. Cf. also 
WGmc *xan(n)jo > OE han, hen 'hen', 
OFris henne id., MLG henne id., OHG 
henna id. Originally, a 'singer', cf. Gk 
ř|i-Kavó<; 'rooster'. Further connected 
with Lat cano 'to sing', Olr canim id. 
Unwerth PBB XXXVI 23; Mar- 
strander NTS III 247, VII 335- 
337; Zupitza Guit. 108; Brugmann IF 
XXXVII 249-253; Suolahti DVN 228- 
242; Torp-Falk 69; Holthausen AEEW 
149, 155; Walde-Hofmann I 154-155; 
Feist 243-244; Porzig Gliederung 200; 
Pokorný I 525-526; Frisk I 626; Vries 
ANEW 208; Zalizniak I 153; Onions 
436; Lehmann GED 176; Bammesberger 
Nom. 176-177; Kluge-Seebold 348. 

*xanso sb.f.: Goth hansa 'troop, cohort, 
crowď, OE hós 'company, band', MLG 
hanse 'company', OHG hansa 'cohort, 
company'. May be compared with Skt 
šámsati 'to praise, to declare, to vow', Lat 
cénseo 'to tax, to assess' (Zupitza Gutt. 
109). Bugge PBB XII 418-419 (from 
IE *kom-sed- 'to sit together'); Osthoff 
PBB XIII 425-426 (from *kon-d-td, to 
*dS- 'to give'); Wiedemann BB XXVII 
212 (to *xenpanari); Zupitza Gutt. 109; 
Torp-Falk 71; Meissner apud Feist (to 
*xunslan); Helm PBB XXLX 194-196; 
Kaufmann Z dph XXXVIII 238-240; 
Schnetz apud Lehmann GED \11 (to Lat 
scandula 'shingle', from IE *(s)kend- 'to 
split up, to strew'); Rooth ]\ T ortst. 168 
(follows Meissner); Holthausen AEEW 
171; Walde-Hofmann I 198-200; Feist 
245-246; Mayrhofer III 284-285 (sepa- 
rates Skt from Lat); Pokorný I 566; 
Zalizniak I 147; Onions 427; Ben- 
veniste IEL 63—65; Lehmann GED 177; 



Bammesberger Nom. 116 (to *xenpanan); 
Kluge-Seebold 355. 

*xantjanan wk.vb.: ON henta 'to fiť, OE 
hentan 'to pursue, to folio w'. Unclear. 
Holthausen AEEJ\ t 155; Vries ANEW 
222; Onions 441, 453 (to *xenpanan). 

*xappan sb.n.: ON happ 'good luck'. Cf. 
a derivative in OE htsp-líc 'equal'. 
Compared with Olr cob Victory', Lith 
kabus 'tenacious, prehensile', Slav *kobb 
'omen, fortuně telling', *koba 'premoni- 
tion' (Schachmatov AfslPh XXXIII 90). 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 116; Torp-Falk 74 
(reconstruct *xampan); Pokorný I 610; 
Fraenkel 200-201; Vries ANEW 542; 
Fraenkel 200; Onions 427; Trubachev 
ESSJaX 101. 

*xarfoistu-měnóbz ~ *xarfoustu- 
měnóbz sb.m.: ON haust-mánudr 
'autumn month, September', OE hierfest- 
mónad id., OHG herbist-manod id. Com- 
pound of *xarbistuz ~ *xarbustuz and 
*ménopz. Carr Nom. comp. 72 (parallel 
formations). 

*xarbistuz ~ *xarfoustuz sb.m.: ON 
haust 'autumn' (neut.), haustar-tími 'au- 
tumn period' (reflects old mase), OE 
hierjest 'harvest, autumn', OFris herjst id., 
OHG herbist id. Derived from IE *karp — 
*kerp-\ Hitt karp-, karap- 'to piek, to pluck' 
(Sturtevant Language VI 155—156), Lat 
carpo id., Gk Kapitó^ 'fruiť (Hirt IF 
XXXVII 233-234). Cf. *xarfa Z from 
which *xarbistaz can be formally derived. 
Brugmann IF XXVIII 373 (to Lat castro 
'to emasculate, to prune' < *carp(i)stro); 
Zupitza Gutt. 114; Torp-Falk 79; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 145; Walde-Hofmann I 
172-173; Pokorný I 944; Vries ANEW 
214; Frisk I 792-793; Zalizniak II 168; 
Onions 429; Puhvel IV 91-98; Kluge- 
Seebold 370. 

*xardin sb.f: ON herdi 'hardihooď, OHG 
hertz 'rigidity'. Derived from *xarduz. 
Heidermanns 281. 

*xardin ~ *xardjó sb.f: ON pl. heriar 
'shoulder, OHG harti id. Derived from 
*xariuz (Hellouist ANF VII 29) and his- 
torically identical widi *xardín. Schmidt 



xarčtm 



162 



xari-wectiz 



Vok. II 25 (to Russ pl. *kortyški 'shoul- 
ders' — but this form does not exist); 
Hirt PBB XXIII 351 (to Lat cartilago 
'cartilage'); Zupitza Gutt. 115 (follows 
Sohmidt); Torp-Falk 78 (follow 
Schmidt); Lané JEGP XXXII 293 (to IE 
*sker- 'to cuť); Vries AMEW 223. 

*xarďjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-hardjan 'to 
harden', ON herda 'to temper (of iron), to 
clench, to fasten', OE hyrdan 'to make 
harď, OFris herda 'to strengthen', OS her- 
dian id., OHG herten 'to harden'. Derived 
from *xarduz. Holthausen AEEW 159; 
Feist 246; Vries AMEW 223; Onions 
427; Lehmann GED 177; Heidermanns 
281. 

*xardót adv.: ON haria 'very', OE hearde 
'severely, very much', OFris herdě 'very', 
MLG herdě id., OHG harto id. Derived 
from *xarduz. Lehmann GED 177. 

*xardu-xertaz adj.: Goth deriv. hardu- 
hairtei 'hard-heartedness', OE heard-hcort 
id. Compound of *xarduz and *xerton. 
Feist 246; Lehmann GED 177. 

*xardu-líkaz adj.: ON harí-ligr 'hard, 
severe', OE heard-líc id., OHG hart-líh 
'tenacious'. Derived from *xarduz. Hei- 
dermanns 281. 

*xardu-rěďaz adj.: ON hard-ráSr 'hard in 
counsel, tyrannical', OE heard-rtéd 'stead- 
fast, firm'. Compound of *xariuz and 
*rliaz. Carr Mom. comp. 95 (parallel 
formations). 

*xarduz adj.: Goth hardus 'hard', ON 
hardr id., OE heard 'hard, austere, stern, 
firm', OFris adv. herdě 'firmly, very', OS 
hard 'hard', OHG hart id. Related to 
Lith kartits 'bitter', Slav *kort-~t>tt> 'shorť. 
Karsten MB II 361-362; Zupitza 
Gutt. 109; Meillet Etudes II 325; Torp- 
Falk 78; Feist 246-247; Holthausen 
AEEW 152; Walde-Pokorny I 354; 
Pokorný I 531; Chemodanov SGGJa 
I 109; Fraenkel 225; Frisk II 9-10; 
Vries AMEW 210-211; Onions 427; 
Benveniste IEL 366-367; Strunk MSS 
XXXrV 169-170 (on the comparison 
with Gk Kparúi; 'strong'); Trubaohev 
ESSJa XI 104; Lehmann GED 177; 



Bammesberger JVom. 262; Heidermanns 
280-282; Kluge-Seebold 358. 

*xarfaz sb.m.: ON prop. Harfr, Swed harv 
'harrow'. Related to Gk Kapnou 'fruiť, 
Kpróniov 'sickle', Lat carpo 'to piek, to 
pluck', Mír corrán 'sickle'. Torp-Falk 
79; Walde-Hofmann I 172-173; Trier 
Holi 70; Pokorni- I 944; Vries AMEW 
211; Frisk I 792-793. 

*xari-fardiz sb.f: ON her-ferd 'military 
expedition', OFris here-ferd id., OS here- 
vart id., OHG heri-fart id. Compound of 
*xariz ~ *xarjaz and *fardiz. Carr Mom. 
comp. 73 (parallel formations). 

*xari-fulkan sb.n.: ON her-fólk 'men of 
war', OE here-folc 'people forming an 
army', OFris hiri-folk 'men of war'. Com- 
pound of *xariz ~ *xarjaz and *fulkan. 
Carr Mom. comp. 49. 

*xari-xurnan sb.n.: ON her-horn 'trum- 
pet', OHG heri-hom id. Compound of 
*xariz ~ *xarjaz and *xurnan. Carr Mom. 
comp. 83 (parallel formations). 

*xari-mannz sb.m.: ON her-madr 'war- 
rior', OE here-mann 'soldier', MDu her- 
man id., OHG heri-man id. Compound of 
*xariz ~ *xarjaz and *mannz. Carr Mom. 
comp. 49. 

*xari-skelduz ~ *xari-skeldiz sb.m.: 
ON her-skjqldr 'war-shielď (if not from 
MLG), MLG her-schilt id., MHG her- 
schilt 'shield as a sign of a levý'. Com- 
pound of *xariz ~ *xarjaz and *skelduz ~ 
*skeldiz. Carr Mom. comp. Ti (parallel 
formations). 

*xari-skipan sb.n.: ON her-skip 'warship', 
OHG heri-skif id. Compound of *xaúz ~ 
*xaijaz and *skipan. Carr Mom. comp. 83 
(parallel formations). 

*xari-we3az sb.m.: ON her-vegr 'war 
padl', OE here-wes 'highway', OFris here- 
wei 'war patíi', MLG her-wech id., MHG 
her-wec id. Compound of *xariz ~ *xarjaz 
and *we^az. Carr Mom. comp. 49. 

*xari-wěčtiz sb.f.: ON pl. her-nádir 
'armor', OE here-wéd id. Cf. also MLG 
neut. here-wade id. Compound of *xaúz ~ 
*xarjaz and *wediz. Carr Mom. comp. 73 
(parallel formations). 



xan-wepnan 



163 



xarpon 



*xari-wěpnan sb.n.: ON her-vápn 'wea- 
pon', OE here-wdpen id. Gompound of 
*xariz ~ *xarjaz and *wepnan. Carr 
Mom. comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*xari-w5pan ~ *xari-wópaz sb.n./m.: 
ON her-óp 'war-cry', OE here-wóp 'shout 
raised by an army'. Compound of *xaúz 
~ *xaijaz and *wopan ~ *wopaz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*xariz ~ *xarjaz sb.m.: Goth harjis 
'army', ON herr 'host, people, army', OE 
here 'army', OFris here id., OS heri id., 
OHG neut. heri id. Related to Mír cuire 
'crowď, Lith karias 'army, war', OPrus 
kargis 'army'. Neckel KZ LX 284 
(*Hari- as a deky in ancient prop. dat. 
Hari-gasti); Zupitza Gutt. 109; Torp-Falk 
76; Specht KZ LX 130-138; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 157; Feist 247; Pokorný 
I 615-616; Buga III 950-951; Fraenkel 
220; Vries AMEW 224-225; Zaliznl\k II 
213; Onions 429; Benveniste IEL 91, 93, 
247; Toporov PJa III 221; Lehmann 
GED 177-178; Kxuge-Seebold 362-363. 

*xarjanaz sb.m.: ON Hetjann (Odin's epi- 
thet). Identical with Gk Koípavoc; 'king, 
head of the army' (Osthoff IF V 
275-277; Bugge PBB XXI 422), Phryg 
kuryan-eyon 'chief, king' (Lubotsky Kadmos 
XXVII/1 23). Furdrer connected with 
*xariz ~ *xarjaz. Torp-Falk 76; Specht 
KZ LX 130; Pokorný I 615; Vries 
AMEW 223-224; Frisk I 894-895; Leh- 
mann GED 178; Orel Phrygian 438. 

*xarjojanan wk.vb.: ON herja 'to harry, to 
despoil, to waste', OE her^ian 'to pillage, 
to plunder', OFris ur-heria 'to make raids', 
OS herión, herrón id., OHG herión, herron 'to 
plunder, to raiď. Derived from *xariz ~ 
*xarjaz. Torp-Falk 76; Holthausen 
AEEW 157; Vries AMEW 223; Onions 
429. 

*xarmaz I sb.m.: ON harmr 'sorrow, grief ', 
OE hearm 'harm, injury, grief, OFris herm 
'sorrow, grief, OS harm id., OHG harm 
id. Identical with Jšanma- 'shame', Slav 
*sormb id. (Meillet Etudes 428) and, fur- 
ther, with Lith šarma 'frosť (Larest Věstník 
LGUXN 150-153 with other examples 



of this semantic evolution). Kartsen MB 
II 245-246; Zupitza Gutt. 183-184; 
Meillet Etudes 428; Torp-Falk 79; 
Trautmann BS][ t 303; Holthausen 
AEE]V 152; Pokorný I 615; Fraenkel 
965; Vries AMEW 212; Zalizniak I 132; 
Onions 428; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
724; Koivulehto Festschr. Alinei 133-147; 
Kluge-Seebold 357. 

*xarmaz II adj.: ODan harm 'angry', OE 
hearm 'causing harm, grievous', OS harm 
'grievous'. See *xarmaz I. Heidermanns 
282. 

*xarmij35 sb.f: ON hermd 'vexation, 
anger', OHG harmida 'calamity'. Derived 
from *xarmaz I. Vries AME]V 224. 

*xarmojanan wk.vb.: ON harma 'to 
bewail', OE hearmian 'to harm, to hurt, to 
injure', OHG harmen 'to sadden'. Derived 
from *xarmaz I. Vries AME\ V 2 1 2 . 

*xarmón sb.m.: OE hearma 'shrewmouse 
(?)', OS harmo 'weasel, shrewmouse', 
OHG harmo id. Identical with Lith šarmuo, 
šermuo id. Torp-Falk 79; Trautmann 
BSW 300; Pokorný I 574; Fraenkel 
965; Kluge-Seebold 371. 

*xarpa-sla3Íz sb.m.: ON hqrpu-slagr 'strik- 
ing the harp', OE hearp-sleje id. Com- 
pound of *xarpon and *slasiz. A secondary 
composition vowel in ON. Carr Mom. 
comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*xarpa-stren3az sb.m.: ON hqrpu-s, 
'harp string' (secondary -u-), OE 
střeny id. Compound of *xarpon and 
*stren3az. Carr Mom. comp. 81 (parallel 
formations). 

*xarpón sb.f: ON harpa 'harp', OE hearpe 
id., OS harpa id., OHG harpfa id. Cf. also 
ON munn-harpa 'cramp in the mouth 
from colď. Related to Lat corbis 'basket', 
Lith kařbas id., Slav *korb'b ~ *korba id. 
Sperber ]\ r uS III 68—77 (to *xarfaz); 
Zupitza Gutt. 114, KZ XXXVI 65 (ON 
munn-harpa to Gk Kpá|rPoq 'dry'); Torp- 
Falk 78; Trautmann BS]V 1 1 7 — 
118; Holthausen AEEW 152; Walde- 
Hofmann I 272-273; Pokorný I 948 (to 
*(s)kerb- 'to turn, to benď); Fraenkel 
220; Vries AMEW 2\2 (ON munn-harpa to 



xarpon 



164 



xatalaz 



G dial. Harpf 'woman'); Zalizniak I 
155; Onions 428; Trubachev ESSJa 
XI 52-54; Lůhr Expr. 264-265; Kluge- 
Seebold 356—357. 

*xarskaz adj.: Norw dial. harsk 'with 
a hard voice', MLG harsch 'harsh, rough'. 
Derived from or related to *xariuz (Holt- 
hausen AWN 107). Karsten MB II 450; 
Torp-Falk 80; Pokorný I 532-533; 
Vries AMEW 212-213 (to Lith karšiú, 
kafšti 'to comb'); Puhvel IV 109 (to Hitt 
karši- 'harsh'); Heidermanns 282-283. 

*xaru3az sb.m.: ON hqrgr 'heathen altar of 
stones', OE hearj 'temple, idol', OHG 
harug 'holý grove, holý stone'. Borrowed 
from Continental Celt *karrika 'stone' 
(OW carrecc, OBret carrec) or, rather, from 
its non-IE source (Hubschmidt Pyren. 
31-32, 65-66). Noreen Abnfi 87, 829 
(to Lat carcer 'prison'); Meringer WuS X 
188 (samé as Noreen); Torp-Falk 77; 
Specht R'Z LXIV 12; Ekwall MASO III 
41 (to Swed dial. har 'stony grounď); 
Holthausen AEE1 \ r 152; Pokorný I 
532 (to IE *kar- 'hard'); Vries ANEl\ r 
281; Zalizniak I 132; Vendryes C-31; 
Friedrich Trees 150 (to OPrus karige 
'rowan-tree'); Bammesberger Mom. 156 
(< *xar3u£). 

*xarubaz sb.m.: ON pl. Hqrdar 'Hords, 
inhabitants of the Hardangerfjord in 
Norway', OE pl. Hďredas id. Also attested 
as Lat Harudes, Gk Xapo\>8e<;. Probably 
further related to WGmc *xarupaz 'foresť 
(OE harad, MHG hart). (Grienberger 
ZDADL XLVI 166). Torp-Falk 76-77; 
Holthausen AEE]V 145; Pokorný I 
532 (to Olr caur 'hero' < *karuts)\ Vries 
ANEW 29,1. 

*xasla-xnuts sb.f: Swed hassel-not 'hazel- 
nuť, OE htesel-hnutu id., MLG hasel-note 
id., OHG hasal-nuz id. Compound of 
*xaslaz and *xnutz. Garr Mom. comp. 49. 

*xaslaz sb.m.: ON hasl 'házel', OE hesel 
id., MDu hasel id., OHG hasal id. 
Identical with Lat corulus 'hazel-shrub, 
filbert-shrub' < *kosulo-, Olr coll 'házel', 
OW coll id. < *koslo-. (Zupitza Gutt. 206). 
Torp-Falk 76; Holthausen AEE]V 146; 



Walde-Hofmann I 280; Krahe SuV 80 
Porzig Gliederung 194; Pokorný I 616 
Vries AMEW 213; Zalizniak II 174: 
Onions 432; Kluge-Seebold 359. 

*xasnaz adj.: OHG hasan 'polished, fine'. 
Identical with Lat canus 'grey' < *kasno- 
(Weise BB II 289). Cf. also Hitt kaši- 
'shade of white'. Schwentner FB 80; 
Vasmer ZfilPh II 57-58 (adds Slav '''sosna 
'pine' < *'grey tree'); Walde-Hofmann 
I 156; Pokorný I 533; Puhvel IV 
119-120; Heidermanns 283-284. 

*xas5n ~ *xaz5n sb.m.: ON heri 'hare', 
OE hara id., OFris hasa id., MLG hase id., 
OHG haso id. Related to W ceinach id. < 
*kasi-n-ako-, OPrus sasins, cf. also Skt šašá- 
id. < *šasá- (Fórsterman KZ I 498) and 
Hitt gagastiia- 'hare (?)' (Puhvel TV 17). A 
taboo word based on the color adjective 
preserved in *xasnaz, *xaswaz. Zupitza 
Gutt. 183; Schwentner FB 79-80; 
Hendriksen IF LVI 27; Torp-Falk 76; 
Holthausen AEE]V 149; Porzig Glie- 
derung 197; Mayrhofer III 316-317, 
Sprache VII 181; Pokorný I 533; Chemo- 
danov SSGJa I 58; Vrtes ANEW 223; 
Zalizniak I 153; Onions 427; Kluge- 
Seebold 358-359. 

*xasp(j)5n sb.f: ON hespa 'hasp, fasten- 
ing', OE hcepse 'hasp, clasp', MLG haspe 
id. Unclear. Loewenthal ANF XXXV 
233 (to Slav *kosa); Petersson AfslPh 
XXXVI 137-138; Torp-Falk 71 (recon- 
struct *xaps-, to Lidi kabé 'small hook'); 
Holthausen AEE]\ t 156; Vries ANE\V 
225-226; Onions 430; Kluge-Seebold 
359. 

*xaswaz adj.: ON hqss 'grey', OE hasu 
id., MHG heswe 'pale, duli'. Related to 
*xasnaz. Schwentner FB 80; Torp- 
Falk 87; Holthausen AEEW 149; 
Pokorný I 533; Vries ANEW 282; 
Zalizniak I 153; Bammesberger Nom. 
244; Heidermanns 284; Hilmarsson Mat. 
156 (to Toch B kaswo 'eruption, inflam- 
mation of the skin'). 

*xatalaz ~ *xatulaz adj.: OESc of-hatul 
'extremely pleasanť, OE hatol, hetol 'hos- 
tile, evil', OS hatulo 'hate-filleď, OHG 



xatalaz 



165 



xauxa-likaz 



hazzal 'guileful, malicious'. Derived from 
*xataz ~ *xatez, *xatjanan. Holthausen 
AEEW 150; Heidermanns 284-285. 

*xataz ~ *xatez sb.m./n.: Goth hatis 
'hatred, anger', ON hatr id., OE hete id., 
OFris hat id., OS heti id., OHG haz id. 
Related to Toch A kat 'destruction', Av 
sádra- 'grief, sorrow', Ose cadeis 'enmity', 
Gk 10)805 'sorrow', Mír caiss 'hatreď. 
Zupitza Gutt. 184; Bartholomae 1570- 
1571; Torp-Falk 68-69; Holthausen 
AEEW 157; Feist 247-248; Ernout- 
Meillet 698 (to Lat odl 'to hatě' with 
a "preformant" *k); Pokorný I 517; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 87; Frisk I 
836-837; Zalizniak II 223; Onions 430; 
Lehmann GED 178; Bammesberger Nom. 
212; Keuge-Seebold 359. 

*xatjanan wk.vb.: Goth hatjan 'to hatě', 
OE hettan 'to hatě', MHG hetzen 'to 
pursue'. Derived from *xataz ~ *xatez. 
Torp-Falk 68; Holthausen AEE1V 158; 
Feist 248; Peeters K^GI 168; Lehmann 
GED 178; Kluge-Seebold 372. 

*xatěnan ~ *xatojanan wk.vb.: Goth 
hatan 'to hatě', ON hata id., OE hatian id., 
OFris hatia id., OS haton id., OHG hazzon 
id. Derived from *xataz ~ *xatez. Kuhn 
K~l I 95; Torp-Falk 68; Holthausen 
AEEW 150; Feist 247; Vries AMW 213; 
Onions 430; Lehmann GED 178. 

*xattuz sb.m.: ON hqttr 'hooď, OE hstt 
'hať, OFries hath 'hooď. Cf. also WGmc 
*xodaz > OE hód 'coat widr a hooď, OE 
hod 'hooď, OFris hod id., OS hod id., 
OHG huot id. Of unknown origin. 
Zupitza Gutt. 207; Torp-Falk 69 (to Lat 
cassis 'helmeť); Holthausen AEEW 146, 
167 [*xodaz to Lat cassis 'helm'); Pokorný 
1516; Vries ANEW 282; Onions 430, 
447; Kluge-Seebold 389-390. 

*xa|5(a)r5n sb.m.: OHG hadara 'lump', 
early G Hader 'quarrel'. Derived from 
*xapuz. Identical with Slav *kotera ~ 
*kotora 'quarrel' (Bugge K~ XXXII 49). 
Skt sátu- 'enemy' is derivationally less 
close. Zupitza KZ XXXVII 400; 
Uhlenbeck PBB XXVI 287 (to Arm kotor 
'serap, fragment'); Torp-Falk 69; May- 



rhofer III 294; Trubachev ESSJa XI 
200-201; Kluge-Seebold 346 (separates 
OHG from this etymon). 

*xajíuz sb.m./f: Burg *hapus 'íighť, ON 
hqd 'war, slaughter', theon. Hq&r, OE 
headu-deór 'brave, stout in war', OFris -had 
(in prop.), OS hathu- id. (in prop.), OHG 
prop. Hadu-wig id. Identical with Hitt 
kattu- 'spiteful', Olr cath id., Thrac uheon. 
Kóxtu; (Fick Spracheinh. 422). Torp-Falk 
69; Holthausen AEE]\ t 153; Detschew 
Thr. 258-259; Pokorný I 534; Vries 
ANEW 278-279; Frisk I 932; Kobler 
711; Puhvel IV 138-140; Kluge- 
Seebold 346; BouTKAN OFED s.v. 

*xaubudan ~ *xaubiďan sb.n.: Goth 
haubip 'heaď, ON haufud id., OE heáfod 
id., OFris haved, had id., OS hobid id., 
OHG houbit id. Secondary (taboo?) vari- 
ants of *xabuian (Noreen AJVF VI 310). 
Marstrander Kl. 25 (the first syllable 
influenced by the following -u-)\ Zupitza 
Gutt. 103; Torp-Falk 73; Holthausen 
AEEW 150; Feist 248; Pokorný I 530 
(analogical influence of *xúbon); Zaliz- 
niak I 141; Onions 432; Lehmann GED 
178-179; Bammesberger Mom. 215-216; 
Kluge-Seebold 360. 

*xau3az ~ *xau3an sb.m./n.: ON haugr 
'mound, cairn', OHG houg 'hilT. A vari- 
ant of *xauxaz with a different stress pat- 
tern. Close to Lith kaukas 'swelling, uleer', 
Slav *kuka 'hook' (Wood IF XVIII 35). 
Zupitza Gutt. 110; Torp-Falk 91; 
Trautmann BS]\ t 121-122; Fraenkel 
229-230; Vries ANEW 213-214; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa XIII 86-87; Heidermanns 
286; Kluge-Seebold 386. 

*xauxa-foer3an ~ *xauxa-ber3az 
sb.n.: ON há-bjarg 'high rock', OE 
héah-beor3 'high mountain'. Compound 
of *xauxaz and *ber^an ~ *ber^az. Carr 
Mom. comp. 86 (parallel formations). 

*xauxa-xertaz adj.: Goth hauh-hairts 
'haughty, prouď, OE heáh-heort id. Com- 
pound of *xauxaz and *xertaz (see *xerton). 
Feist 249; Carr JVom. comp. 94 (parallel 
formations); Lehmann GED 171, 179. 

*xauxa-líkaz adj.: ON há-ligr 'high, 



xauxa-likaz 



166 



xaupaz 



sublime', OE heá-lic 'high', OHG hoh-lih 
id. Derived from *xauxaz. Heidermanns 
286. 
*xauxa-saliz sb.m.: ON pl. há-salir 'high 
halí', OE heáh-sele id. Compound of 



ílll-Z 



*salaz. Carr Mo 



*xauxaz and 
comp. 58. 

*xauxa-stadiz sb.m.: ON há-staSr 'high 
pláce', OE heáh-stede id. Compound of 
*xauxaz and *stadiz. Carr Mom. comp. 58. 

*xauxaz adj.: Goth hauhs 'high', ON hár 
id., OE heáh id., OFris hach id., OS hoh 
id., OHG hoh id. Closely related to Toch 
A koc, B kauc 'high'. Further cf. Skt koca- 
'desiccation', kucati 'to curve', NPers koz 
'bent, crookeď, Lith kaiikas 'bump, swell- 
ing', Slav *kuka 'hook' (Wood IF XVIII 
35), Olr cúar 'crookeď < *kukro-. Kuhn 
KZ I 137; Schweizer KZ I 558, 560; 
Karsten MB I 62; Zupitza Gutt. 110, 
132; Torp-Faek 91; Feist 249; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 150; Mayrhofer I 269; 
Pokorný I 589; Fraenkel 229-230; 
Vries AVEIT 210; Onions 440; Stang LS 
27; Trubachev ESSJa XIII 86-87; 
Lehmann GED 179; Bammesberger Mom. 
237; Heidermanns 285-286; Kluge- 
Seebold 378; Adams TB 208; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*xauxibó sb.f.: Goth hauhipa 'heighť, ON 
hďd id., OE hihdo id., MDu hogede id., 
OHG hohida id. Derived from *xauxaz. 
Pipping SMFXIl/l 68 (ON < *xaxwipó); 
Torp-Falk 91; Holthausen AEE1V 158; 
Feist 249; Vries AMEW 276; Onions 
435; Lehmann GED 179; Bammesberger 
Mom. 117; Heidermanns 286. 

*xauxin sb.f.: Goth hauhei 'heighť, OS hóhi 
id., OHG holil id. Derived from *xauxaz. 
Feist 249; Lehmann GED 179; Heider- 
manns 286. 

*xauxjanan wk.vb.: Goth hauhjan 'to 
make high', OESc hoghia 'to raise', OE 
héan id., OFris haa id., OLG ir-hoen id., 
OHG gi-hohen id. Derived from *xauxaz. 
Structurally close to Slav *kučiti 'to touch, 
to gather'. Holthausen AEE]\ r 158; 
Feist 249; Trubachev ESSJa XIII 81; 
Lehmann GED 179; Heidermanns 286. 



*xaulaz ~ *xaulón sb.m./f: ON haull 
'rupture, hernia', OE heála 'rupture', 
OHG holá id. Related to Gk Kr|Xr| 'hump, 
hernia' < *kauela, Lith kula 'swelling', 
Slav *kyla 'hernia' (Solmsen KZ XXXI 
471). Zupitza Gutt, 110; Buga RFV 
LXXI 54; Torp-Faek 66; Fíretschmer 
KZ XXXI 471-473 (on Gk kt|A,ti); 
Trautmann BS] V 144; Holthausen 
AEEW 150; Pokorný I 536-537; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 109; Fraenkel 306; 
Frisk I 839-840; Vries A]\E] I' 2 1 4; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa XIII 262-263. 

*xaunaz adj.: Goth hauns 'low, humble', 
OE heán 'low, mean, abjecť, OFris hana 
'low, humble', OHG hdni 'shameful'. 
Close to Gk kcxwÓí;' kokÓi;, OK^ripóí;, 
kXtípoí; (Hes.), Latv kauns 'ignominy, 
shame'. Zupitza Gutt. 110 (to MHG 
huren 'to cower'); Torp-Falk 66; Feist 
249-250; Holthausen AEEW 152; 
Pisani KIL LXXVI/2 30 (to Toch A gaňi 
'shame'); Pokorný I 535; Frisk I 803; 
Chantraine 506; Stang LS 27; Lehmann 
GED 1 79; Bammesberger Mom. 246 (from 
*xawwanan); Heidermanns 286-287; 
Fvluge-Seebold 380. 

*xaunij}6 sb.f: Goui haunipa 'silence, 
humility', OE hýnd, hýndu 'abasement, 
humiliation', OFris hrnde 'injury', OS 
honitha 'ignominy, shame', OHG honida 
'disgrace'. Derived from *xaunaz. Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 159; Feist 249; Heider- 
manns 287. 

*xaunjanan wk.vb.: Goth haunjan 'to 
abase, to humiliate', OE hýnan 'to abuse, 
to humiliate', OFris hena 'to get over', OS 
gi-hónian 'to abase, to humiliate', OHG 
honěn id. Derived from *xaunaz. Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 159; Feist 249; Heider- 
manns 287. 

*xaupaz sb.m.: OE héap 'heap, pile, 
crowď, OFris háp id., OS hop id., OHG 
houf id. A phonetically irregular counter- 
part of IE *koupo- (with Gmc *-p- < IE 
*-p-?)'. Av kaofa- 'hilT, Lith kaupas id., Slav 
*kupa ~ *kupij 'heap, group (of trees)'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 22, 115; Bartholomae 
431; Torp-Falk 94-95 (< *koupn-)\ 



xaupaz 



167 



xazwaz 



Holthausen AEE1 V 152; Pokorný I 
590-591 (thinks of a separate IE *keub-), 
591; Fraenkel 231; Zalizniak I 132; 
Onions 432; Stang LS 27 (to Lith kaúbras 
'hill'); Trubaohev ESSJa XIII 107-108; 
Kluge-Seebold 360. 

*xausaz sb.m.: ON hauss 'skuli'. Identical 
with Skt kosa- 'cupboard, treasury', Lith 
káušas 'skuli, laddle, scoop' (Hirt BB 
XXIV 278). Johansson IF XLX 125- 
1 33; Zupitza Gutt. 111; Mayrhofer I 
273; Pokorný I 953; Fraenkel 231-232; 
Vries /LVETI' 214. 

*xauzjanan ~ *xausjanan wk.vb.: 
Goth hausjan 'to hear', ON heyra id., OE 
hýran id., OFris hěra id., OS horian id., 
OHG hořen id. Related to Gk koÉco 'to 
notě', (ÍkoÚco 'to hear' with unclear 
á- (Delbrůgk K£ XVI 271), Lat causo 
'to také heeď. See *skawwojanan. Grien- 
berger Got. 111 (preposition *x- and 
main stem *ausjanan)\ Zupitza Gutt. 206; 
Torp-Falk 66; Holthausen AEE]V 159; 
Walde-Hofmann I 186-187; Feist 251- 
252; Pokorný I 587-588; Frisk I 890- 
891; Vries ANEW 226; Onions 433; 
Lehmann GED 180-181; Kluge-Seebold 
383. 

*xawjanan wk.vb.: ON heyja 'to execute, 
to perform', OE híe^an 'to perform'. 
Probably connected with *xawwanan. 
Zupitza Gutt. 122 (to Gk okeíioí; 'vessel, 
implemenť, Slav *kutiti); Torp-Falk 66; 
Holthausen AEEW 158; Vries ANEh r 
226; Van Windekens I 237-238 (to Toch 
A ktsets 'finished, perfecť, B ktsaitse 'old'). 

*xawwan sb.n.: ON hqgg 'stroke, blow', 
OE 3e-heáw 'striking together, gnashing'. 
Derived from *xawwanan. Holthausen 
AEEW 153; Vries ANEW 280; Seebold 
251. 

*xawwanan str.vb.: ON hqggva 'to strike, 
to smite', OE heáwan 'to cut, to hew', 
OFris hawa id., OS pret. ga-hio id., OHG 
houwan id. Related to Toch A ko-, B kau- 
'to kill', Lat cúdo 'to strike', Lith káuju, 
káuti id., Slav *kujq, *kovati 'to forge' 
(Bugge Á'~ XLX (1870) 414). Hirt BB 
XXIV 276; Zupitza Gutt. 122; Meillet 



MSL XIV 355; Torp-Falk 65-66; 
Trautmann BS]V 123; Holthausen 
AEEW 153; Walde-Hofmann I 300-301 
Jóhannesson IEW 177; Pokorný I 535 
Fraenkel 232; Vries ANEW 280 
Onions 439; Seebold 251; Lindeman 
Verschárfung 15.7; Lehmann GED 181; 
Kluge-Seebold 360; Adams TB 208 

*xawwjan sb.n.: Goth hawi 'hay', ON hey 
id., OE ácj id., OFries ha, hai, hě id., OS 
hói id., OHG hewi, hou id. Derived from 
*xawwanan (Pott apud Feist). The origi- 
nál meaning was 'cut grass'. Lidén 
Festschr. Bugge 94 (reconstructs *xa3wjan); 
Uhlenbeck PBB XXII 191 (to Slav 
*kovylb 'feather-grass, Stipa pennata'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 52, 75, 122; Torp-Falk 66; 
Holthausen AEEW 158; Feist 252; 
Pokorný I 535; Vries ANEW 226; 
Zalizniak I 145; Onions 431; Seebold 
251; Lindeman Verschárfung 16.10; Leh- 
mann GED 181; Bammesberger Nom. 
65-66; Kluge-Seebold 372. 

*xazčtaz sb.m.: ON haddr 'woman's hair'. 
Cf. OE heordan 'hards of flax', MDu hede 
'flax fiber, oakum', OFris hede 'oakum'. 
Related to Olr cass 'curi' < *kastos, Lith 
kasa 'plaiť, OPrus kexti 'plaited hair', Slav 
'''kosa id. Zupitza Gutt. 103; Torp-Falk 
76; Trautmann BS]V 120; Holthausen 
AEE]V 156; Pokorný I 585; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 61-62; Fraenkel 226; 
Vries ANEW 200; Trubachev ESSJa XI 
131-133; Kluge-Seebold 362. 

*xazjanan wk.vb.: Goth hazjan 'to praise', 
OE herian id. Unclear. Fick I 42, 420 
(to Skt šasti 'to order, to direcť, Av sasti 
'to call, to learn'); Vaniček Lat. 68 (to Lat 
carmen 'verse, song'); Zupitza Gutt. 184; 
Torp-Falk 76; Holthausen AEE]V 
157; Feist 252-253; Pokorný I 530- 
531 (reconstructs *kar- 'to praise'), 533; 
Vrtes ANE1V 224 (to Skt carkarti 'to make 
mention of < *ker-); Lehmann GED 181 
(against comparisons with *kens-). 

*xazwaz sb.m.: ON hqrr 'flax', OFris her, 
har id., OHG har, haro id. Substantivized 
*xaswaz? Alternatively, a derivative of IE 
*kes- 'to comb': Hitt kišdi- 'to comb', Slav 



xazwaz 



168 



xelpon 



*česati id. (Kluge-Seebold 345). Hirt 
BB XXIV 275; Torp-Falk 79 (recon- 
struct *xarwaz < *xarzwaz); Vries AMElť 
281-282. 

*xexlón sb.f.: ON héla 'hoar frosť. Close 
to Skt šiíira- 'cool, colď, Lith šešelis 
'shade, shadow' reduplicated from IE *kel- 
'colď. Cf. *xa$lan ~ *xa$laz. Zupitza 
Gutt. 184; Torp-Falk 84; Mayrhofer III 
345-346; Pokorný I 551; Fraenkel 
975-976; Fraenkel 976. 

*xelanan str.vb.: OE helan 'to conceal, to 
hide', OFris hela id., OS helan id., OHG 
helan id. Related to Lat celo 'to hide, to 
conceal', Olr celid 'to conceal' (Gůntert 
Kalypso 34—35). Zupitza Gutt. 1 85; Torp- 
Falk 80-81; Holthausen AEEW 154; 
Walde-Hofmann I 198-199; Jóhannes- 
son IEW 242-244; Pokorný I 553; 
Seebold 252-253; Lehmann GED 174, 
193; Kluge-Seebold 363. 

*xeldiz ~ *xeldjó sb.f.: ON hildr 'battle' 
(nom. sg. < *xeliiz), OE hild id., OS hildi 
id., hild id., OHG hilt(i)a id. Related to 
Olr coll 'destruction', Mír ceallach 'war', 
W coll 'destruction', Bret koll id. (Stokes 
BB LX 88). Forsterman KZ I 104; 
Zupitza Gutt. 107; Torp-Falk 82; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 160; Lané Language LX 
247; Trier PBB LXVI 241; Pokorný I 
547; Chemodanov SGGJa I 97; Vries 
AMEW 226-227; Zalizniak II 213. 

*xelmaz sb.m.: Gour hilms 'helmeť, ON 
hjálmr id., OE helm id., OFris helm id., OS 
helió-helm id., OHG helm id. Close to Skt 
neut. šárman- 'protection, shelter, cover' 
(Bugge BB III 118), Thrac t^aX^óq 'hide' 
(Tomaschek Thr. 11/ 1 10). See *xelanan. 
Marstrander MVA 1925/1 32 (to Lat 
cuhnen 'point, summit, ridge'); Torp-Falk 
80; Holthausen AEE]V 154; Feist 
255; Detsghew Thr. 175; Mayrhofer III 
310-311; Pokorný I 553; Vries AMEW 
230; Zalizniak I 132; Onions 435; See- 
bold 252; Lehmann GED 183; Kluge- 
Seebold 369. 

*xelmón ~ *xalm5n sb.m.: OE helma 
'helm, rudder', MLG helm 'oar shafť, 
OHG joh-halmo 'yoke rudder'. Related to 



Liťh kélmas 'tree stump', OPrus kalmus 
'cane'. Zupitza Gutt. 113, 152; Persson 
Beitráge 147-149; Torp-Falk 82; Traut- 
mann BSW 126; Holthausen AEEW 154 
Pokorný I 546, 924-925; Fraenkel 237 
Vries AMEW 230-231 (from *skel-b-) 
Onions 435. 

*xelpa-lausaz adj.: ON hjálp-lauss 'help- 
less', ME help-less id., OFris helpe-lds id., 
MHG helfe-los id. Compound of *xelpo 
and *lausaz. Carr Mom. comp. 89 (paral- 
lel formations). 

*xelpanan str.vb.: Goth hilpan 'to help', 
ON hjálpa id., OE helpan id., OFris helpa 
id., OS helpan id., OHG helfan id. With 
unclear differences in consonantism, con- 
nected with Lith šelpiii, šelpti id. Cf. 
also OLith šelbtis (Meillet BSL XXI 
126, XXLX 31) which, however, seems 
to háve a secondary -b- (Fraenkel 971). 
Zupitza Gutt. 185; Torp-Falk 85; 
Trautmann BSW 302; Feist 255-256; 
Holthausen AEEW 154; Jóhannesson 
IEJV 250; Trier Lehm 56; Pokorný I 554; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 76; Vries AMEW 
231; Fraenkel 971-972; Zalizniak II 
196; Onions 436; Seebold 254-255; 
Lehmann GED 183; Kluge-Seebold 368. 

*xelpó sb.f: ON hjqlp, hjálp 'help', OE 
help id., OFris helpe id., OS helpa id., 
OHG helfa id. Cf. Burg *hUps id. Derived 
from *xelpanan. Torp-Falk 85; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 154; Pokorný I 554; 
Vries AMEW 233; Zalizniak II 196; 
Onions 436; Seebold 254; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 110; Kobler 711; Kluge- 
Seebold 374. 

*xeltan sb.n.: ON hjalt 'knob at the end of 
a sworďs hilť, OE hilt 'handle', OS helta 
id. (fem.), OHG helza id. (fem.). Con- 
nected with *xultan. Torp-Falk 84; 
Falk MVA 1914/6 24; Holthausen 
AEEW 160; Pokorný I 547; Vries 
AMEW 231; Zalizniak II 174; Onions 
441. 

*xelb5n sb.f: ON hilla 'shelf, MLG hilde 
'manger'. Probably derived from *xelanan. 
Torp-Falk 81 (to Lith keliú, kélti 'to lift'); 
Pokorný I 553-554; Vries AMEW 227. 



xemena-kundaz 



169 



xerdjaz 



*xemena-kundaz adj.: Goth himina-kunds 
'heavenly', OE heofon-cund id. Compound 
of *xemenaz and *kuniaz. Feist 256; 
Carr Nom. comp. 88 (parallel formations); 
Lehmann GED 183. 

*xemena-leuxm5n sb.m.: ON himin- 
Ijómi 'heavenly lighť, OE heofon-leóma id. 
Compound of *xemenaz and Heuxmon. 
Carr Nom. comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*xemena-tun3lan sb.n.: ON himin-tungl 
'luminary, heavenly body', OE heqfon- 
tunsol id., OS heb an-tungal id. Cf. also 
OHG himil-zungal id. Compound of 
*xemenaz and Hun^lan. Carr Nom. comp. 
50; Zalizniak I 144; Lehmann GED 
348. 

*xemena-wan3az sb.m.: ON himin-vangr 
'heaven, heavenly fielď, OS hetan-wang 
id. Compound of *xemenaz and *wan^az. 
Carr Nom. comp. 56. 

*xemenaz sb.m.: Goth himins 'sky, 
heaven', ON himinn id., OE heofon id., OS 
heban id. Cf. also heteroclytic /-forms: 
OFris himel, himul id., OS himil id., OHG 
himil id. With a metathesis of the anlaut 
and modifications of vocalism, continues 
a thematic derivative of IE *ak-men- 'vault 
of stone, sky': Skt ášman- 'stone, rock, 
heaven', Av asman- 'stone, heaven', Gk 
otK|itov '(meteoric) stone, anvil', aKjuov 
oúpavóq (Hes.), Lith akmuo 'stone', Slav 
*kamy id. (Reiohelt KZ XLVI 343, IF 
XXXII 23-57). Bartholomae 207- 
208; Torp-Falk 73; Lané Language XI 
193 (to Latv kamwsis 'shoulder'); Fraen- 
kel KZ LXIII 183-184; Holthausen 
AEEW 156; Feist 256; Prokosch CGG 
87 (dissimilation of sonorants in *xemelaz 
< *xemenaz); Zonderreger AnZDA LXXI 
152 (variation of /- and n-suffixes); 
Benveniste Origines 1 7 (to Gk Kanápa 
'covered carriage, vaulted chamber'); 
Porzig Gliederung 75, 190; Mayrhofer I 
60-61; Pokorný I 19, 557 (from IE 
*kem- 'to cover'); Fraenkel 5; Vries 
ANEW 227 (against Reichelt); Zaliz- 
niak I 132; Frisk I 54; Onions 433; 
Schindler Kratylos XV 152; Hamp JL III 
83-90; Maher JIES I 441-462 (from the 



originál meaning *' sharp thing' > 'axe' > 
'thunder' > 'sky'); Lehmann GED 183— 
184 (related to *xamaz)\ Kluge-Seebold 
374-375. 

*xemerón sb.f: OHG hemera 'hellebore'. 
Identical wiťh Lith pl. kemeraí 'Eupa- 
torium cannabinum L.', Slav *čema~b 
'hellebore' (Zupitza KZ XXXVII 399). 
Loewenthal ]VuS^Í 185; Torp-Falk 74; 
Pokorný I 558; Fraenkel 251-252; 
Stang LS 16; Trubachev ESSJa IV 
52-53. 

*xenčtj6(n) sb.f: ON hind 'hind, roe' (root 
stem), OE hind 'hinď, OS hindi- (in 
cmpn.), OHG hinta id. From *ken-t- rela- 
ted to Skt kamna- 'young', Gk Koavóq 
'new', Lat re-cěns 'fresh, young, new'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 207; Torp-Falk 71 (to Gk 
KEiiái; 'young deer'); Holthausen AEE]\' 
160; Walde-Hofmann I 423-424; Mayr- 
hofer 1151; Pokorný I 556 (to Skt šáma- 
'hornless'), 563-564; Vries ANEW 228; 
Frisk I 754-755; Zalizniak II 208; 
Onions 441; Kluge-Seebold 375. 

*xenkójanan wk.vb.: ON hinka 'to limp, 
to hobble', OE hincian id. Cf. a secondary 
strong verb in MLG hinken id., OHG 
hincan id. Related to *xakorň Kluge- 
Seebold 375 (to Gk ará^a) id.). 

*xenbanan str.vb.: Goth fra-hinpan 'to také 
captive, to capture', OSwed hinna 'to 
gain'. Any connection with Gk kevtsco 'to 
prick, to goaď? Torp-Falk 70-71; 
Holthausen ffXX 326 (to Lat scando 'to 
climb, to rise'); Feist 161; Seebold 255— 
256; Lehmann GED 176. 

*xenb5(n) sb.f: ON hinna 'film, mem- 
bráně', OE hion 'bone of the head (?)'. 
Probably derived from *xenpanan. Ltdén 
BB XXI 107 (to Olr ceinn 'scale'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 116; Torp-Falk 71; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 160; Pokorný I 929; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 99; Vries ANEW 
228. 

*xerďjaz sb.m.: Goth hairdeis 'herdsman, 
shepherď, ON hirfiir id., OE hierde id., 
OS hirdi id., OHG hirti id. Derived from 
*xerdo. Structurally close to Lith keřdžius 
'shepherď. Trautmann BS]V 127-128; 



xerdjaz 



170 



xerpraz 



Holthausen AEEW 159; Feist 234; 
Pokorný I 579; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
72; Fraenkel 242; Vries AMEW 229; 
Zalizniak I 137; Onions 437; Ben- 
veniste 48; Lehmann GED 170-171; 
Bammesberger Mom. 67; Fsluge-Seebold 
377. 

*xerďó sb.f.: Goth hairda 'herd, flock', ON 
hjorb id. (pardy *xerdiz), OE heord id., OS 
herda 'sequence, shifť, OHG herta 'herd'. 
Connected with Skt íárdha- 'crowd, 
mighť, Av sarsSa- 'type', Gk KÓpOuc; 
'heap', MW cordd 'crowď, OPrus kerdan 
'tíme', Slav *čerda 'series, row, herd' (Fiok 
KZXX 167-168). WGmc *xerian > OE 
heorda 'deerskin', OHG herdo 'fleece' is 
derived from *xerdo. Meillet MSL VIII 
297, Etudes II 256-257; Zupitza Gutt. 
105, 115; Bartholomae 1566-1567; 
Torp-Falk 78; Trautmann BSW 
127-128; Holthausen AEEW 156-157; 
Feist 234; Lehmann Language XVIII 130 
(to *ker- 'to grow'); Mayrhofer III 
309-310; Pokorný I 579, 941; Vries 
AMEW 233 (to *ker- 'to braiď), 255 (to 
ON hredr 'scrotum', Lat cortex 'bark') 
Frisk I 921-922; Zalizniak II 193 
Onions 437; Benveniste IEL 48 
Trubaohev ESSJa IV 60-63; Lehmann 
GED 170-171; Kxuge-Seebold 370. 

*xersjaz sb.m.: ON hirsi 'milleť, OHG 
hirsi id. Any relation to *xersnon ~ *xers- 
nan? Torp-Falk 80 (to *ker- 'to feed, to 
grow'); Pokorný I 577. 

*xersn(j)a-skělo sb.f.: ON hjarn-skál 
'skuli', OHG hirni-scala id. Compound of 
*xersnon ~ *xersnan and *skelo. Carr 
Mom. comp. 83 (parallel formations). 

*xersnón ~ *xersnan sb.m./n.: ON 
hjarni 'brain', ME herně id., MDu hersene 
id. Cf. also OHG hřmi id. < neut. *xerzn- 
jan. Based on a poorly attested mase. 
*xerson 'crown of the heaď: ON hjarsi. 
Closely related to the stem of oblique 
cases in Skt širsn- (of šíras- 'head'), cf. also 
Gk KÓpari 'temple'. Further connected 
with Lat cerebrum 'brain', Gk KÉpo^ 
'heaď. Zupitza Gutt. 185; Torp-Falk 
76; Walde-Hofmann I 203-204; Mayr- 



hofer III 341; Pokorný I 574-576; 
Vries AMEW 231-232; Frisk I 826-827, 
923 (ícópcri from Keípto 'to cuť); Bammes- 
berger Mom. 67—68; Kluge-Seebold 
376-377. 

*xertón sb.n.: Goth hairto 'hearť, ON hjar- 
ta id., OE heorte id. (fem.), OFris herte, hirte 
id., MLG herte id., OHG herza id. Related 
to Hitt kir-, kart- id., Toch A kri Svili', B 
pl. kdryaň 'hearts', Arm sirt 'hearť, Gk 
Kap8ía id., Lat cor id., Olr eride id., Lith 
širdis id., Slav *sbrdbce id., *serda 'mid- 
dle'. Zupitza Gutt. 182; Torp-Falk 77; 
Trautmann BSW 302; Holthausen 
AEEW 157; Walde-Hofmann I 271-272; 
Feist 234-235; Pokorný I 579-580; 
Vries AMEW 2"i2; Frisk I 787-788; 
Zalizniak II 177; Onions 433; Fraenkel 
986-987; Vasmer-Trubachev III 605- 
606; Benveniste IEL 143; Szemerényi 
Scňpta 1290-1292; Lehmann GED 171; 
Bammesberger Mom. 1 75; Puhvel IV 
189-191; Kluge-Seebold 372; Adams 
TB 165. 

*xer|5az sb.m.: OE heord 'hearth', OFris 
herth, herd id., OS herth id., OHG herd id. 
Related to Skt karta- 'cavity, hole', Slav 
*čbrta 'line, edge' and other derivatives 
of *(s)ker-t- 'to cuť denoting a (bound- 
ary) line. The delimiting function of the 
hearth, or of a log in it, is well attested in 
other traditions: SCr badnjak and Alb 
buzeni (Toporov Etim. 1974 3-15; Orel 
AED 43-44). Torp-Falk 75; Holt- 
hausen AEE][ T 157 (to Lat carbo 'coaF, 
cremare 'to burn'); Muhlenbaoh-Endzelin 
I 375 (to Latv cpi 'hot stones in a sauna', 
Slav *čerm> 'hearth'); Mayrhofer I 173; 
Pokorný I 941-942; Onions 433; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa IV 161, XI 58-60 (to Slav 
*korda ~ *krada 'pile of logs'; phonetically 
impossible); Lehmann GED 180 (to *xur- 
jan ~ *xurjaz). 

*xerbraz sb.n.: Goth pl. hairpra 'intestines, 
bosom, hearť, OE hreder 'breast, bosom' 
(mase.?), OHG smala-herdar 'small intes- 
tine, guť. May be connected with ON 
hredr 'scrotum'. Derived from *xerpaz. 
Saussure MSL VI 246-248 (to *xerton, 



xerfiraz 



171 



xewjan 



with suffix *-tro-); Jóhansson PBB XV 
229 (samé as Saussure); Meillet Etudes 
167 (to *kert- 'to weave'); Zupitza Gutt. 
111; Torp-Falk 77, 102; Mayrhofer I 
257; Holthausen AEEJ V 173; Feist 235; 
Lehmann GED 171 (from *(s)ker- 'to cuť). 

*xerutuz ~ *xerutaz sb.m.: ON hjqrtr 
'stag, harť, OE heorot id., OFris hert id., 
OS hirot id., OHG hiruz id. Derivationally 
identical with Gk KOpu8ó<; 'crested lark' < 
*korudos. Further related to *ker(uj- 'horn' 
(Fórsterman KZ I 497), see *xuman. 
Zupitza Gutt. 116; Torp-Falk 76; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 156; Pokorný I 576; 
Chemodanov SSGJa I 58; Vries ANEW 
234; Frisk I 924; Zalizniak II 200; 
Onions 429; Kluge-Seebold 377. 

*xeruz sb.m.: Goth haims 'sworď, ON 
hjqrr id., OE heoru id., OS heru- (in 
cmpn.). Related to Mír coire id. Luft 
KZ XXXVI 145 (from *(s)ker- 'to cuť); 
Zupitza Gutt. 182; Torp-Falk 75; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 157; Feist 235; Pokorný 
I 939-940 (to Lith kiřvis 'axe'); Vries 
ANEW 234; Zalizniak I 152; Lehmann 
GED 171; Bammesberger jYom. 156. 

*xerznan sb.n.: ON hjarn 'hard frozen 
snow'. Close to Arm sarn 'ice', Slav *serm> 
'layer of ice, hard snow', Lith šefkšnas 
'hoar-frosť, Latv sěrns, serksnis, s^rsna id. 
(Sohulze Kl. Schr. 112-114). Zupitza 
Gutt. 185; Torp-Falk 78; Trautmann 
BSW 303; Krogmann KZ LXIV 133- 
134; Holthausen ANW 116; Pokorný I 
573; Fraenkel 973-974; Vries ANEW 
231; Vasmer-Trubachev III 608. 

*xerzon sb.m.: ON hjani 'hinge', OE heor- 
ra 'bar, hinge'. Might be related to Lith 
skefsas 'across', Slav *čerz'b 'through, 
across' (secondary development of *čerst>) 
< *(s)kert-s-o. Zupitza Gutt. 1 1 3; Torp- 
Falk 80; Falk MM 1910 12 (to Lat cardo 
'door-hinge'); Trautmann BSW 129-130; 
Holthausen AEEW 156; Trier Holz 
73-74; Jóhannesson IEJť 830; Vries 
ANE1V 232; Vasmer-Trubachev IV 
337-338. 

*xeufanan str.vb.: Goth hiufan 'to lament, 
to wail', OS pres. hioian id., OHG pres. 



hiufit, hiufit id. Of unknown origin. 
Weinhold KZ I 251; Grienberger Got. 
113; Zupitza Gutt. 117; Torp-Falk 95; 
Bezzenberger BB XVI 120 (to Lith 
šaukiu, Saúkti 'to shout, to calT); Torp- 
Falk 95; Feist 258 (to *keu- 'to howP); 
Holthausen AEEW 155; Jóhannesson 
IEW 177-178; Pokorný I 535-536; See- 
bold 256 (to Skt káuti 'to cry', Gk kcokÚco 
id.); Lehmann GED 185. 

*xeufrójanan wk.vb.: ON hjúfra 'to pant, 
to heave', G dial. hivern 'to lamenť. 
Derived from *xeufanan. Mohr ZDADL 
LXXV 252 (ON < WGmc); Vries 
ANEW 233. 

*xeup5n sb.m./f.: Norw dial. hjúpa 'briar', 
OE héopa 'briar', OS hiopo 'briar', OHG 
hiufo id. Related to *xaupaz (Torp-Falk 
95) repeating the semantic ratio between 
OPrus káaubri 'thorn' and Lidi kaubré 'hill' 
(Sohmalstieg 330). Zupitza Gutt. 185 
(to Slav *šipfb 'thorn'); Trautmann BSW 
349 (to OPrus kaáubri 'thorn'); Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 156; Pokorný I 595; 
Onions 441; Stang LS 27. 

*xeurja-líkaz adj.: ON hjr-ligr 'smiling, 
sweeť, OE un-hír-líc 'fierce, savage, dis- 
mal', OS sbst. un-hiur-lík 'monster', OHG 
sbst. un-hiur-lih id. Derived from *xeurjaz. 
Torp-Falk 88; Feist 517; Holthausen 
AEEW 159; Kluge 252 (from *xiw-ra-); 
Pokorný I 539-540; Heidermanns 291. 

*xeurjaz adj.: ON hýrr 'sweet, smiling, 
milď, OE hýře 'pleasant, gende, milď, 
MDu on-ghehiere 'terrible', OS un-hiuri 
'eery, uncanny', OHG hiuri 'simple'. 
Connected with *xiwan. Torp-Falk 88; 
Holthausen ^££11' 159; Vries ANEW 
276; Lehmann GED 376; Heidermanns 
290-291; Kxuge-Seebold 307. 

*xewjan sb.n.: Goth hiwi 'form, appear- 
ance', ON hý 'down (of plants or hair)', 
OE hiw 'shape, form, appearance'. Prob- 
ably derived from *xawwanan. Grien- 
berger Got. 114 (to Skt šyavá- 'brown, 
dark-brown', Mír céo 'fog'); Zubatý KZ 
XXXI 12 (to Skt skunati 'to cover'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 207; Torp-Falk 88-89 
(samé as Grienberger); Holthausen 



xewjan 



172 



xindant 



AEEW 159; Feist 259; Pipping Xenia 165; 
Vries ANEW 274 (to Skt šyává- 'brown, 
dark-brown', Slav *siub 'grey'); Onions 
451; Lindeman Verschárfimg 16.11; Leh- 
mann GED 185; Hilmarsson Mat. 207- 
208 (to Toch B kwele 'black' < *kiwolo-). 

*xěbaz sb.m.: ON háfi 'pock-net for her- 
ring fishing', Du haafneť. Derived from 
*xqjjanan. Vries ANE1 V 201 . 

*xěbiz ~ *xófoiz adj.: ON hicfr 'fit, 
proper', OE be-héfe 'necessary'. Derived 
from *xajjanan. Holthausen AEEW 
167-168; Vries ANEW 276; Seebold 
245; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 104-105, 
KZ CV 115-116, 119; Heidermanns 
287-288. 

*xěxwon sb.f: ON há 'second hay-crop, 
aftermath'. Identical with Skt neut. šáka- 
'pot-herb, vegetable', Lith šekas 'freshly 
mown hay'. Torp-Falk 68; Trautmann 
BSW 301; Mayrhofer III 320-321; 
Pokorný I 544; Fraenkel 970-971; 
Vries ANEW 199. 

*xělaz I adj.: ON halí 'slippery', OE hál- 
stán 'crystal', OHG hali 'smooth'. 
Probably related to Lith šqlu, šálti 'to 
freeze', Skt sišira- 'cool, colď. ICarsten 
NB II 380; Zupitza Gutt. 184; Torp-Falk 
83-84; Holthausen AEEW 145; Mayr- 
hofer III 345-346; Pokorný I 551 
Fraenkel 960-961; Vries ANE]V 205 
Lerohner 94; Matzel KC CV 110 
Heidermanns 289. 

*xělaz II adj.: ON háll 'cunning', MLG hal 
'hidden, secreť. Derived from *xelanan 
(unless historically identical with *xelaz I). 
Torp-Falk 81 (to Lat celo 'to hide, to 
conceal'); Vries ANEW 205 (to *xaljo). 

*xě r adv.: Goth her 'here', ON hér id., OE 
hér id., OFris hír id., OS her id., OHG hiar 
id. Continues *ka-r- (Jelltnek PBB XV 
298-300) further related to *xl. Sievers 
PBB XVI 238-240, XVIII 403; Torp- 
Falk 63, 87; Brugmann IF VI 89-90; 
Holthausen AEEW 157; Kluge Urgerm. 
123-124; Feist 254; Pokorný I 609; 
Vries ANEW 222-223; Onions 437; 
Rtnge Sprache XXX 138-150 (lowering 
of *i to *ě); Lehmann Phon. 72-73, GED 



182; Bammesberger Nom. 259; Kluge- 
Seebold 374. 

*xěran sb.n.: ON hár 'hair', OE hér id., 
OFris her id., OS har id., OHG har id. 
Related to Lith šerys 'bristle', Latv sars 
id. wiuh a different vowel grade. Detter 
ZDADL XLII 55 (to IE *sker- 'to cuť); 
Torp-Falk 75; Holthausen AEEW 
145; Pokorný I 583; Fraenkel 973 
Vries ANEW 210; Zalizniak I 141 
Onions 423; Adams JIES XVI 69-93 
Bammesberger Nom. 96; Kxuge-Seebold 
345. 

*xěrjon sb.f: ON hara 'hair, grey hair', 
OE hiére 'hair-cloth'. Derived from *xeran. 
Holthausen AEEW 145; Vries ANEW 
211. 

*xl pron.: Goth dat. himma 'this', OE hé 
'he', OS he, hi id., OHG hěiá. Notě neut. 
forms: Goth acc. hita 'iť, ON hitt, OE 
hit id., OFris hit, het id., MDu het id. 
Continues IE demonstrative *kei-, cf Alb 
si-vjet 'this year', Lith fis 'this', Slav *sb id. 
Further cf. Hitt ka- 'this (one)'. Torp- 
Falk 63 (< *xé), 87; Trautmann BSW 
304; Holthausen AEE] V 150, 161; Feist 
255, 258; Pokorný I 539-540, 609-610; 
Fraenkel 990; Onions 488; Vasmer- 
Trubaghev III 591-592; Lehmann GED 
181-182; Puhvel IV 3-12; Orel AED 
397. 

*xiďrět adv.: Gouh hiclre 'hither', ON héSra 
'here, hitíier', OE hider 'hither'. Derived 
from *xí. Structurally similar to Lat 
citra 'on this side', (ultro et) atro '(here 
and) there'. Torp-Falk 87; Walde- 
Hofmann I 222 (no historical connection 
between Gmc and Lat); Holthausen 
AEEW 158; Feist 255; Vries ANEW 21 5; 
Onions 442. 

*xixur5 ~ *skixuró sb.f: ON skjór 'mag- 
pie', OE hiyre id. (< *xijuroj, OHG hehara 
'jay'. Of imitative origin. Torp-Falk 89 
(to Gk kÍcccx 'jay, Garrulus glandarius'). 

*xindaně adv., prep.: Goth hindana 
'beyonď, OE híndan 'from behinď, OS 
hindan 'from beyonď, OHG hintana 
'behinď. A secondary locative. Based on 
*xini- derived from *xi (Streitberg GE 



xinclant 



173 



xlaijjaz 



132; Brugmann Dem. 144). Kogel PBB 
XVI 514; Wiedemann BB XXVII 199 (to 
Skt kamna- 'young'); Zupitza Gutt. 116; 
Holthausen AEEW 160; Feist 256; 
Tisohler HEG I 539-542 (to Hitt katta(n) 
'down, under'); Vries AMEW 228; 
Onions 441; Lehmann GED 184; Kluge- 
Seebold 375. 

*xindr(5n) adj., adv.: Godi hindar 'behind, 
beyond, over to, the other side of ', ON 
compar. hindri 'hinder, hindmosť, OE 
hinder 'back, behind, down', OFris hindera 
'beyond', OS hindiro id., OHG hintar 
'behind', adj. hintaro. An old comparative 
of *xin-, a derivative of *xi. Torp-Falk 
87; Holthausen AEE\V 160; Feist 
256—257 (comparative form of *xind-)\ 
Pokorný I 609; Vries AMEW 228; 
Onions 441; Lehmann GED 184; Kluge- 
Seebold 375—376. 

*xindrójanan wk.vb.: ON hindra 'to 
hinder, to keep behind', OE hindrian 
id., OFris hinderia id., MLG hinderen id., 
OHG hintaron id. Derived from *xindr(on). 
Torp-Falk 87; Holthausen AEEW 160; 
Vries AMEW 228; Onions 441; Kluge- 
Seebold 375. 

*xit(j)o(n) sb.f: Goth heito 'fever', ON 
híta 'heating', OE hitt id., OHG hizza 
id. Gonnected wiuh *xaitaz. van Helten 
PBB XXX 241 (to Slav *sbjati 'to shine'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 112; Torp-Falk 89; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 161; Feist 253; Pokorný 
I 519; Vries AME]V 229; Zalizniak II 
216; Onions 433; Lehmann GED 181; 
Kluge-Seebold 377. 

*xlwan sb.n.: Goth heiwa-fiauja 'master of 
the family', ON pl. hjón, hjún 'man and 
wife', OE pl. híwan 'members of a house- 
holď, OFris pl. hmna id., OS hiwa 
'spouse, family member', OHG pl. híwun 
id. Close to Skt sívá- 'dear, intimate', šivá- 
'kind, friendly, dear', Lat cTuis 'citizen', 
Latv sieva 'wife'. Tuoker Notes 37; 
Torp-Falk 88; Holthausen AEEW 161; 
Walde-Hofmann I 224-225; Feist 253- 
254; Mayrhofer III 344, 376; Pokorný 
I 540; Chemodanov SGGJa I 65; Vries 
AMEW 233; Zalizniak II 177; Schulze 



Kl. Schr. 201; Onions 440; Benveniste IEL 
273-275; Lehmann GED 181-182; Bam- 
mesberger Mom. 69; Kluge-Seebold 366. 

*xíwisk(j)an sb.n.: ON hýski 'family, 
householď, OE híwisc id., OS hiwiski 
'family', OHG hiwisci id. Derived from 
*xíwan. Torp-Falk 88; Holthausen 
AEEW 161; Vries AMEW 276. 

*xladan sb.n.: ON hlad 'pile, stack, barn', 
OE hhed 'heap, pile'. Derived from *xla- 
panan. Torp-Falk 110; Holthausen 
AEEW 161; Vries AMEW 234; Seebold 
259. 

*xlaxjanan str.vb.: Goth hlahjan 'to 
laugh', ON hlteja id., OE hlehhan id., OS 
pret. hlog id., OHG Moc 'adrisiť. A de- 
scriptive stem formally close to Slav 
*klekotb 'laughter, noise', Mír clocc 'bell', 
Lat glocio 'to cluck'. Gf. in particular Gk 
kXíÁggco id. Zupitza Gutt. 117, 191; 
Torp-Falk 110; Feist 259; Holthausen 
AEEW 163; Walde-Hofmann I 606; 
Jóhannesson IEW 277-278; Pokorný I 
600; Vries AMEW 241; Frisk I 879; 
Onions 518; Seebold 257-258; Tru- 
baohev ESSJa LX 191-192; Lehmann 
GED 185 (to IE *kel- 'to shout, to call'); 
Kluge-Seebold 498. 

*xlaxtraz sb.m.: ON hlátr 'laughter', OE 
hleahtor id., OHG neut. hlahtar id. Derived 
from *xlaxjanan. Torp-Falk 1 1 0; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 162; Pokorný I 600; 
Vries AMEW 235; Zalizniak II 200; 
Seebold 258. 

*xlaibaz sb.m.: Goth hlaifs 'breaď, ON 
hleifr 'loaf, OE Máj id., OFris hlěf id., 
OHG leib, hleib id. Derived from *xlip- 
janan (Kern TMTL V 55). Zupitza BB 
XXV 94 (to Olr cliab 'basket'); Schrader 
Festschr. Sievers 5-1 1 (to Gk K^ípavoi; 'cov- 
ered earthen vessel'); Pedersen IF V 50, 
KZ XXXVIII 393-394 (related to Slav 
*xlěb~b 'breaď which, however, is from 
Gmc); Persson Beitráge 303 (to Lat libo 
'to také out as a sample, to také a little 
of, Gk Aoi(3t| 'pouring, drink-offering'); 
Torp-Falk 109; Paschall JEGP VIII 
18-24 (samé as Zupitza); Schrader- 
Nehring II 245; Mohl MSL VII 403 



xlaijjaz 



174 



xlankiz 



(from Uralic); Kluyver TJVTL VIII 254- 
257 (from an unknown source); Kozlov- 
skij AfslPh XI 386 (samé as Pedersen); 
Grienberger Got. 114 (samé as Schra- 
der); Pedersen IF V 50 (to Lat llbum 
'flan, cake'); Lidén PBB XV 514-515 
(samé as Pedersen); Stender-Pedersen 
Slav.-germ. 297-299 (Slav < Gmc); Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 162; Feist 260; Trier 
Lehm 59 (to IE *klei- 'to lean, to benď) 
Vries AMEW 236; Zalizniak I 132 
Onions 533; Lehmann GED 185-186 
Bammesberger Nom. 52; Rluge-Seebold 
499-500. 

*xlaibón sb.m.: Goth ga-hlaiba 'compan- 
ion', OHG gi-leibo id. Derived from 
*xlaipaz. Calqued by Rom *com-panio id. 
(Bruch 81). Velten JEGP XXLX 345 
(calque from Rom); Feist 183; Lehmann 
GED 139. 

*xlaidrjó sb.f: OE hlteder 'ladder', OFris 
hledere, hladder id., MLG ledder id., OHG 
leitara, leitar id. Derived from IE *khi-, cf. 
*xlinójanan. Structurally close to Mír 
clithar 'hedge' and similar other deriva- 
tives (Zupitza A^XXXV 259, Gutt. 186), 
see *xlipró. Torp-Falk 112; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 161; Porzig Gliederung 
124; Pokorný I 601; Onions 511; 
Ktuge-Seebold 514. 

*xlainaz ~ *xlainó sb.m./f: Goth mase. 
or neut. hlain(s) 'hill', Norw dial. fem. 
hlein 'slope'. Etymologically close to Olr 
clóen 'crooked, unjusť, Lith šlainus 
'crookeď. Further related to *xlinqjanan. 
Zupitza Gutt. 186; Torp-Falk 111; Feist 
260-261; Pokorný I 601; Fraenkel 997; 
Lehmann GED 186. 

*xlainiz adj.: OE hlene 'lean, meagre', LG 
leen id., early G lehne 'gendy sloping'. De- 
rived from *xlinqjanan. Structurally close 
to Lith šlainus 'sloping, oblique', Latv 
slains 'swaying', Olr clóen 'crooked, unjusť. 
Holthausen AEE]V 161; Onions 520; 
Stang LS 29; Pokorný I 601; Fraenkel 
997; Heidermanns 291-292. 

*xlaiwan ~ *xlaiwaz sb.n./m.: Goth 
hlaiw 'tomb, grave', Run hlaiwa id., OE 
hláw, hliéw 'rising ground, a funeral 



mounď (< *xlaiwiz), OS hleo 'grave, 
burial mounď (mase), OHG (h)lěo id. 
(mase). Closely connected with Lat clluus 
'mounď < *kleiuos, Lith šleívas 'with 
crooked legs, crookeď (Solmsen K£ 
XXXVIII 453). Further see *xlinojanan. 
Sůtterlin IF XXV 72; Zupitza Gutt. 
186; Torp-Falk 112; Holthausen 
AEEW 162; Walde-Hofmann I 237; 
Feist 261; Mladenov 669 (to Slav *xlěut> 
'sty, pen'); FCrahe SuV 75; Trier Lehm 
54; Porzig Gliederung 109; Pokorný I 
601; Chemodanov SGGJa I 90; Fraenkel 
1001-1002; Vries AMEW 234; Zalizniak 
II 187; Onions 519; Lehmann GED 186; 
Bammesberger JVom. 69. 

*xlakkojanan wk.vb.: ON hlakka 'to cry, 
to seream', OFris hlakkia 'to laugh'. Of 
imitative origin. Formally close to Gk 
K^á^to 'to seream, to bárek' < *KXayyjto. 
Cf. also *xlaxjanan. Zupitza Gutt. 1 1 8, 
162; Torp-Faek 110 (reconstruct *xlank-, 
cf. Lat clango 'to clang, to sounď); 
Pokorný I 599-600; Vries ANEW 235; 
Frisk I 863-864; Lehmann GED 185. 

*xlammiz sb.m.: ON hlemmr 'lid, cover', 
OE úht-hlem 'din made in the early morn- 
ing', OFris hlem 'blow'. Derived from 
*xlemmanan. Torp-Falk 111; Fírahe 
SuV 78; Vries AME1 V 237; Seebold 264; 
Lehmann GED 186. 

*xlam(m)6janan wk.vb.: ON hlamma 
'to give a duli, heavy sounď, OS Mamon 
'to rush'. Derived from *xlammiz. Mar- 
tinet Gem. 142, 144; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 91 (to Lat dámo 'to shouť); 
Seebold 264. 

*xlanďan sb.n.: ON Mand 'urine', OE 
hland id. Unclear. Zupitza Gutt. 1 1 8; 
Torp-Falk 111 (to Lith klanas 'puddle'); 
Walde-Pokorny I 500; Holthausen 
AEEW 162; Chemodanov SGGJa I 77; 
Vries ANE1\ t 235. 

*xlankiz ~ *xlankjó(n) sb.m./f: ON 
Mekkr 'link, chain of links', OE hlenca 
'link', hlence id., OS Manka 'hip, thigh', 
OHG hlanca 'hip'. Related to *xlankjanan. 
Torp-Falk 110; Holthausen AEE]V 
162; Onions 530; Fvluge-Seebold 310. 



xlankjanan 



175 



xlemmanan 



*xlankjanan wk.vb.: ON hlekkjask 'to 
get impeded, to suffer miscarriage', OE 
3e-hlencan 'to roli, to wrap', MLG lenken 
'to benď, MHG hnken id., OHG ir-lenken 
'to dislocate (a limb)', uz-lenken 'to un- 
buckle'. Implies an unattested str. vb. 
*xlenkanan related to Lat dingo 'to shuť, 
Slav *kleknqti 'to squat, to kneel' (Johans- 
son PBB XIV 298). Holthausen 
AEEW 162; Walde-Hofmann I 233-234; 
Pokorný I 603; Vries ANEW 237; 
Trubachev ESSJa X 33-34; Kluge- 
Seebold 310 (to Lith lenkiú, leňkti 'to 
benď); Adams TB 222 (to Toch AB klánk- 
'to doubť). 

*xlabanan str.vb.: Goth af-hlapan 'to bur- 
den', ON hlaoa 'to loaď, OE hladan 'to 
heap, to pile up', OFris part. hleděn 'to 
loaď, OS pres. hladan id., OHG hladan id. 
Related to Lith klóti 'to spread ouť and 
Slav *kladq, *klasti 'to puť (Lottner K^_ 
XI 179; Scherer GBS 21). Torp-Falk 
110; Trautmann BSW 135-136; Feist 6; 
Holthausen AEEW 161; Jóhannesson 
IEW 273-274; Pokorný I 599; Vries 
ANEJť 234; Fraenkel 274-275; Onions 
511; Stang LS 29-30; Seebold 258-259; 
Trubachev ESSJa LX 187-188; Lehmann 
GED 5; Kluge-Seebold 499. 

*xlab5n sb.f.: ON hlada 'store-house, 
barn', MDu lade 'foodocker', MHG lade 
id. Derived from *xlapanan. Kluge- 
Seebold 498. 

*xlauniz sb.f.: ON hlaunn 'buttock, 
haunch'. Identical with Skt šroni- 'hip, 
loin, buttock', Av sraoni- 'buttock', Lith 
šlaunis 'hip'. Cf. also Lat clúnis 'buttock', 
W člun id. Petersson IF XXXV 269- 
270; Zupitza Gutt. 186; Bartholomae 
1633; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 121; Traut- 
mann 5.5*1 V 306; Torp-Falk 109; Walde- 
Hofmann I 239; Mayrhofer III 395; 
Pokorný I 607; Fraenkel 1000; Vries 
ANEW 235. 

*xlaupan ~ *xlaupaz sb.n./m.: ON 
hlaup 'leap', MLG lop 'jump', OHG louf 
'run'. Derived from *xlaupanan. Torp- 
Falk 110; Seebold 260. 

*xlaupanan str.vb.: Goth us-hlaupan 'to 



leap forth, to leap up', ON hlaupa 'to 
leap, to jump', OE hleápan id., OFris Mapa 
'to run, to hasten', OS pret. uz-hliopun id., 
OHG hloufan id. Related to Lith šlumbu, 
šlubti 'to become lamě', klumbú, klúbti 'to 
stumble' (with depalatalized *«-), Latv 
slubít 'to limp' (Hoffmann Festschr. Fick 
51). Zupitza Gutt. 118119, 145; Torp- 
Falk 109-110; Feist 532-533, PBB 
XXXII 452-453; Holthausen AEEW 
162; Specht 130-131; Trier Lehm 58; 
Jóhannesson IEW 262-263; Pokorný I 
630; Mattausch á'~ LXXVII 137-139; 
Vries ANEW 235; Fraenkel 276, 1009; 
Onions 520; Mottausch R'Z LXXVII 
129-139; Seebold 259-261 (to Gk 
kÉXevjOoc; 'way, course', Lith keliáuti 'to 
travel, to wander'); Knobloch }\ 7 uSBez- 
50-51 (to Lith klúpti); Lehmann GED 382; 
Fsluge-Seebold 506. 

*xlautaz sb.m.: Goth hlauts 'lot, inherit- 
ance', ON hlautr 'lot', OS hlot 'lot, prop- 
erty', OHG loz, hlóz id. Cf. *xlutiz. 
Derived from *xleutanan. Zupitza Gutt. 
1 1 9; Torp-Falk 1 1 3; Holthausen 
AEEW 163; Feist 262; Kluge 445-446; 
Pokorný I 605; Vries ANE1\ r 235; 
Zalizniak II 200; Seebold 265; Leh- 
mann GED 187; Bammesberger Nom. 52; 
Fvluge-Seebold 525. 

*xlefanan str.vb.: Goth hlifan 'to steal'. 
Close to Toch B kdlyp- id., Gk k^Ékto) id., 
Lat depo id., OPrus au-klipts 'concealeď 
(Schulze A"/?J XLLX 252). Zupitza Gutt. 
118; Torp-Falk 111; Walde-Hofmann I 
232; Feist 263-264; Pokorný I 604; 
Frisk I 870-871; Seebold 261; Lehmann 
GED 187; Adams TB 175-176. 

*xlemmanan str.vb.: ON pret. hlam 'to 
clink', OE hlimman 'to sound, to roar', 
OHG pres. limmit 'infremuiť. Related to 
Lat clamo 'to call', Lidi šlamu, Uameti 'to 
chirp' . Zupitza Gutt. 118; Torp-Falk 
111; Berneker I 526 (to Slav *klbno, *kl§ti 
'to damn'); Holthausen AEEW 162-164; 
Walde-Hofmann I 227; Jóhannesson 
IEW 247-249; Pokorný I 548-550; 
Fraenkel 998-999; Vries ANEW 238; 
Seebold 263-264. 



xleumon 



176 



xlidan 



*xleutn5n ~ *xleumaz sb.m.: Goth 
hliuma 'hearing', ON hljómr 'sound, tuně, 
voice'. Identical with Av sraoman 'hearing' 
< *kku-men- further related to IE *kleu- 
'to hear'. Fórsterman K^ I 8; Knob- 
lauch K~^ I 573; Zupitza Gutt. 186 
Bartholomae 1 634; Torp-Falk 1 1 2 
Pokorný I 605-607; Lehmann GED 188 
Kluge-Seebold 516. 

*xleumunčtaz sb.m.: OHG hliumunt 'testi- 
mony, glory'. Structurally close to Toch 
A klyom, B klyomo 'noble' < *kleumont- and 
Skt šromata- 'good reputation'. Further see 
*xleumon ~ *xhumaz. Můller K^ XIX 
47 (to Lat crimen 'verdict, judgmenť) 
Torp-Faek 112; Mayrhofer III 373 
Pokorný I 605-607; Vries ANEW 238 
Fvluge-Seebold 516; Adams TB 231. 

*xleutanan str.vb.: ON Ujita 'to get by 
lot, to get, to undergo, to suffer', OE hleó- 
tan 'to cast lots', OS hliotan id., OHG 
hliozan id. Related to Lith kliudaů, kliuiýti 
'to make hang on, to push', kliaudaú, 
klaudýti 'to prevent, to be in the way'. 
Further connected with Lith klipsu, kliuti 
'to hang on', Latv kjut 'to become', kjútas 
'fate'. Sohrader K'Z XXX 495 (to Gk 
K^á8o5 'branch'); Wood MP V 274 
(samé as Schrader); Zupitza Gutt. 119 
Grienberger Got. 115; Torp-Falk 113 
Holthausen AEE\V 162; Feist 262 
Jóhannesson IEW 275-276; Pokorný I 
604-605; Fraenkel 274; Vries AMEW 
238-239; Onions 537; Seebold 264- 
265; Stang LS 29; Lehmann GED 186; 
KVluge-Seebold 525. 

*xleuban sb.n.: Goth hliup 'hearing (?), 
silence (?)' (hap. leg.), ON hljód 'hearing'. 
Continues a derivative in *-to- of IE 
*kleu- 'to hear'. Structurally close to Av 
sraota- 'hearing'. Bartholomae 1633; 
Torp-Falk 112; Feist 264; Petersen 
Language XV 89-90 (on Toch A klots, 
B klautso 'ear'); Porzig Gliederung 180; 
Pokorný I 605-606; Vries ANEW 238; 
Lehmann GED 180; Bammesberger JVom. 
79-80; Heidermanns 294. 

*xleubran sb.n.: Icel hljódur 'tone', OE 
hleódor 'hearing, noise, sound', OHG hlio- 



dar-saz 'magie'. Identical with Skt neut. 
šrotra- 'ear', Av srao&ra- 'hearing' < *kleu- 
tro- further related to *kleu- 'to hear'. See 
*xleupan. Bartholomae 1633; Torp- 
Falk 112; Holthausen AEEW 162; 
Mayrhofer III 373; Pokorný I 605- 
607; Vrtes AMW 238; Lehmann GED 
1 88; Bammesberger Nom. 86. 

*xleuzan sb.n.: ON hlýr 'cheek', OE hkór 
id., OS hleor id. Glose to Av sraoša- 'hear- 
ing', Olr clúas 'ear', Slav *slux~b 'hearing'. 
See *xleufran. Torp-Falk 1 1 3; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 162; Bugge AjYF II 216; 
Pokorný I 606; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
99; Vries AMEW 241. 

*xlewaz sb.n.: Run prop. hlewa-gastiz. 
Related to the Indo-European word for 
'glory': Toch A klyu, B kálywe 'glory', Skt 
šrávas- 'glory, praise, renown', Av sravah- 
'worď, Gk K^.éoq 'glory', Olr clú id., 
Slav *slovo 'word'. Bartholomae 1643— 
1644; Mayrhofer III 389; Frisk I 
869-870; Ltndeman Verscharfung 16.14; 
Lehmann GED 188. 

*xleweďaz adj.: ON hléSr 'famous'. 
Identical with Gk kXeitÓ? id. < *kleu- 
eto-. It is possible to compare this word 
with Slav sbst. *kleveta 'calumny' without 
assibilation of *k-. Further see *xlewaz. 
Falk Festschr. Bugge Kr. 17; Pokorný I 
605-606; Vries ANEW 236; Frisk I 
877-878; Trubachev ESSJa X 14-17; 
Heidermanns 296. 

*xlěwan5janan wk.vb.: ON hlána 'to 
thaw', G dial. láunen id. Derived from 
*xlěumz. Torp-Falk 109; Vries ANEW 
235 (to *xliwart). 

*xlěwaz adj.: ON hher 'warm, milď (sec- 
ondary j«-stem), MDu laeu, lan id., OHG 
Ido id. Probably to Gk kXú^co 'to rinse, to 
cleanse'. See *xlutraz. Schmidt Vok. II 
454; Karsten NB II 421-422; Torp- 
Falk 109 (to Lat caleo 'to be warm'); 
Walde-Hofmann I 239-240; Pokorný I 
552, 607; Vries ANEW 241; Frisk I 
876-877; Onions 538; Darms Vrddhi 
54-60; Heidermanns 294-295 (to *xli- 
wan); Fvluge-Seebold 505. 

*xlidan sb.n.: ON hltá 'gate, gateway', OE 



xlidan 



177 



xloanan 



hlid 'lid, cover', OFris hlid id., OS hlid id., 
OHG ubar-lit id. Derived from *xlídanan. 
Identical with Skt šritá- 'adhering to 
smth., situateď, Gk óÍ-kXÍtoc; 'stable', Lith 
pa-šlitas 'curveď continuing derivatives 
in *-to- based on IE *klei- 'to lean'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 119; Torp-Falk 111; 
Holthausen AEE]V 163; Mayrhofer III 
388-389; Pokorný I 601-602; Vries 
AMEW 237-238; Frisk I 873-875 
Zalizniak I 141; Onions 526-527 
Seebold 262; Bammesberger Nom. 56 
Kluge-Seebold 518. 

*xlino sb.f.: OHG hlína 'back (of a chair), 
lattice'. Close to Gk kXÍvt\ 'couch, bier'. 
Further related to *xlinójanan. Pokorný 
I 601; Frisk I 876-877; Kluge- Seebold 
510. 

*xlinójanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. lina 'to 
lean', OE hlinian id., OFris léna id., OS 
hlinon id., OHG hlinen id. See *xlino. 
Derivationally close to Gk kMvcd 'to 
benď, Lat clind in clínatus 'inclined, bent, 
sunk', Lith šlienú, šliěti 'to lean'. Persson 
Beitráge 915; Torp-Falk 111; Trautmann 
BS1 V 308; Walde-Hofmann I 234-236; 
Pokorný I 601; Fraenkel 1004; Frisk I 
873-875; Onions 520; Lehmann GED 
186; ííluge- Seebold 510-511; Adams 
TB 223-224 (to Toch AB klín- 'to be 
necessary'). 

*xliwan sb.n.: Goth mase. hlija 'booth, 
tenť (leg. *hliwa), ON hlé 'lee', OE hléow 
'shelter, protection', OFris hli id., OS hleo 
'shelter from bad weather' (mase.). Con- 
tinues IE *klei-, cf. *xlípro. Zupitza Gutt. 
119; Grdínberger Got. 117; Uhlenbeck 
PBBXXX 291 (to *klei- 'to benď); Torp- 
Falk 109 (to *xlěwaz); Holthausen 
AEEW 163; Feist 263-264; Vries AKEW 
235-236 (to W clyd 'warm'); Onions 522; 
Lehmann GED 187-188; Kluge- Seebold 
509. 

*xliwibó sb.f.: ON hlýša 'shed, a part of 
the ship', OE hlíwd 'protection, shelter'. 
Derived from *xliwan, *xliwjanan. Hol- 
thausen AEEW 163; Vries ANE]\ r 240. 

*xliwjanan wk.vb.: ON hlýja 'to cover, 
to shelter', OE hlýwan 'to make warm, to 



protéct'. Derived from *xliwan. Torp- 
Falk 109; Holthausen AEE]V 163; 
Vries AME]V 240. 

*xlíbanan str.vb.: OHG líbán 'to protéct, 
to care'. Continues IE *khi- 'to benď, cf. 
*xliwan, *xlípr5. Torp-Falk 112; See- 
bold 261-262. 

*xlíbjanan wk.vb.: Goth hleibjan 'to shield, 
to protéct', ON hlífa 'to give cover or 
shelter', OHG líben 'to protéct, to care'. 
Derived from *xlíbanan. Aufrecht K^ I 
311 (to Lat clipeus 'schielď); Froehde BB 
XXI 329 (follows Aufrecht); Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXX 291 (to Slav *slěfrb 'blinď); 
Torp-Falk 112; Feist 262; Trier Lehm 
56; Jóhannesson IEW 242-244; Vries 
ANEW238; Seebold 261; Lehmann GED 
187. 

*xlíbó sb.f: ON hlíf 'cover, shelter, pro- 
tection', OHG líbá 'calming'. Derived 
from *xlíbanan. Zupitza BB XXV 94 (to 
Mír cliab 'basket'); Loewenthal ]VuS LX 
176; Trier Lehm 56; Vries ANEW 238; 
Seebold 262. 

*xličtanan str.vb.: OE tó-hlídan 'to yawn, 
to gape, to open', OFris hlídá 'to cover', 
OS bi-hlídan 'to lock, to cover'. See 
*xlíbanan. Zupitza Gutt. 119; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 163; Pokorný I 600-602; 
Seebold 262-263; Kluge-Seebold 518. 

*xlM5(n) sb.f: ON hlid 'slope', OE neut. 
hlid id., MLG lít, lite id., OHG lita id. To 
*xlíianan. Structiirally close to Mír clíath 
'hurďe'. Torp-Falk 111; Holthausen 
AEEW 164; Vries ANEW 231; Lehmann 
GED 187; Fvluge-Seebold 514. 

*xlíj)r5 sb.f: Goth hleipra 'tenť. Identical 
with Umbr kletram 'litter' < *klítra, Lat 
dim. clítellae 'pack-sadďe' based on *clítra. 
Cf. also Mír clithar 'fence'. Meringer 
IF XVI 210 (on semantic development); 
Zupitza KZ XXXV 259; Torp-Falk 
112; Feist 263; Porzig Gliederung 124; 
Pokorný I 601; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
102; Lehmann GED 187; FCluge-Seebold 
514. 

*xlóanan str.vb.: ON hlóa 'to bellow, to 
roar', OE hlówan id., OLFrank luoian 'to 
low, to moo', OHG hluoen 'to roar'. 



xloanan 



178 



xlutraz 



Probably distantly related to Lat dámo 'to 
shouť. Zupitza Gutt. 118; Torp-Falk 
83; Holthausen AEEW 164; Walde- 
Hofmann I 227; Onions 538. 

*xlÓ3Íz adj.: Norw dial. and-log 'inclined to 
laugh', OHG ant-hluogi 'merry'. Back for- 
mation of *xlo^janan ~ *xloxjanan. Further 
derived from *xlaxjanan. Karsten NB I 
117; Matzel Kratylos XXXIV 137, KZ 
CV 122-123; Heidermanns 296. 

*xl53Janan ~ *xloxjanan wk.vb.: Goth 
uf-hlohjan 'to make laugh', ON hlcegja id. 
Causative of *xlaxjanan. Torp-Falk 110; 
Feist 512; Vries ANEJi* 241; Seebold 
258. 

*xludaz adj.: OHG prop. Hlud-wig. From 
IE *klutó- 'famous': Skt šrutá- 'heard, 
famous', Av šrůta- 'heard', Gk kA-utoc;, 
Arm lu 'known'. Lat in-clutus 'famous'. 
Bartholomae 1648; Walde-Hofmann I 
690-691; Mayrhofer III 372-374; 
Pokorný I 605-607; Frisk I 877-878. 

*xluniz sb.m.: ON hlynr 'maple tree', OE 
hlyn id., LG lone, láne id. Probably con- 
nected with Maced ícXivó-xpoxov 'a kind 
of maple' (Theothrastes), Slav *klem> ~ 
*klbrtb 'maple', W kelyn id. Schróder IF 
XVII 316; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 378; 
Vasmer VB XXI 126 (to Gk Aoíiva iSXr] 
'small Carpathian mountains'); Torp- 
Falk 113; Holthausen AEEW 165; 
Stang LS 28-29; Specht 60 (to OHG 
Im-boum 'maple'); Pokorný I 603; Vrtes 
ANEW 240-241; Trubachev ESSJa EK 
194-195. 

*xlustiz sb.f: ON hlust 'ear, the inner part 
of the ear', OE hlyst 'hearing' (fem., 
mase), OS hlust 'hearing, ear'. Struc- 
turally similar to Skt srůsti- 'obedience', 
Olr chas 'ear' < *kloustá. Derived from 
*xluian. ZuprrzA Gutt. 186; Torp-Falk 
113; Holthausen AEEW 165; Mayr- 
hofer III 394; Pokorný I 606; Vries 
ANEW 240; Zalizniak II 228; Onions 
531; Bammesberger KZ LXXXII 298- 
303; Kluge-Seebold 526. 

*xlutiz sb.m.: ON hh.tr 'lot, share' (pardy 
< *xlutuz), OE Myt 'share', OFris neut. 
hlot 'lot', OHG hluz id. Cf. also *xluton ~ 



*xlutan. Derived from *xleutanan. Schra- 
der KZ X 475 (to Gk K^áSoq 'branch'); 
Torp-Falk 113; Holthausen AEEW 
165; Pokorný I 605; Vries ANEW 240; 
Zalizniak II 200; Onions 537; Seebold 
265; Bammesberger Nom. 133. 

*xlutójanan wk.vb.: ON hluta 'to draw 
lots', MLG loten, lotten id. Derived from 
*xlutiz. Vries /UVEir 240. 

*xlutón ~ *xlutan sb.m./n.: ON hluti 
'part, share', OE hlot 'loť, OFris hlot id., 
MLG lot id., OHG hluz id. Derived from 
*xleutanan. Holthausen AEE\V 164; 
Seebold 265. 

*xluzan sb.n.: ON hler 'shutter, dooř', 
mase. hleri id. The phrase standa á hleri 'to 
stand eavesdropping' may preserve dre 
originál meaning of the vvord rather than 
be a metaphor. Related to IE *kleu-s-\ 
Tokh A kly os- , B klyaus- 'to hear', Av 
sraoša- 'hearing', Olr sluas 'ear'. Bar- 
tholomae 1634-1636; Pokorný I 606. 

*xlúdaz adj.: OE hlúd 'loud', OFris hlud 
id., OS hlúd id., OHG lút id. Stands close 
to adj. *klutós derived from *kleu- 'to 
hear', cf. Skt šrutá- 'heard, famous', Gk 
kA.utÓc; 'famous', W clywed 'hearď, Arm lu 
'known'. See *xludaz. Torp-Falk 1 1 2 — 
113; Holthausen AEEW 164; Mayr- 
hofer III 373; Pokorný I 605-606; 
Dybo VSJa 33; Vries ANEW 238; Frisk 
I 877-878; Onions 538; Heidermanns 
296-297; Kluge-Seebold 507. 

*xlúdjanan wk.vb.: ON hlýoa 'to hearken, 
to listen', OE hlýdan 'to sound, to make 
a loud noise', OFris hledá 'to ring', OS 
á-hludian 'to pronounce', OHG hlúten 
'to sounď. Related to *xludaz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 165; Vries ANEW 240. 

*xlútraz adj.: Goth hlutrs 'clean, pure', OE 
hlutor 'clear, pure', OS hluttar 'clear, pure', 
OHG hlútar 'clear, pure, lighť. Related 
to Gk K^ti^to 'to wash off' < *kludio, and 
furdrer to Lat duo 'to cleanse', Lith šlúoju, 
šlúoti 'to sweep, to clean up'. See *xlewaz. 
Zupitza Gutt. 119 (to Slav *kl'uditi 'to 
cleanse' rather than to Gk kW^co); Torp- 
Falk 113; Berneker I 527 (against 
Zupitza); Trautmann BS]V 307; Walde- 



xlutraz 



179 



xneucíanan 



Hofmann I 239-240; Feist 264-265 
Holthausen AEE] V 164; Pokorný I 607 
Fraenkel 1010-1011; Frisk I 876-877 
Lehmann GED 188; Heidermanns 297- 
298; Kluge-Seebold 507. 

*xlútrín sb.f.: Goth hlutrei 'purity', OHG 
hlutarl 'sincerity, clarity'. Derived from 
*xlútrai. Feist 264; Lehmann GED 188; 
Heidermanns 298. 

*xnaÍ3waz adj.: Godi hnaiws 'low', OE 
hnáh 'bent, low'. Derived from *xnl- 
Swanan. Holthausen AEE\V 166; Feist 
265; Seebold 266; Lehmann GED 188; 
Heidermanns 298. 

*xnaÍ3wjanan wk.vb.: Goth hnaiwjan 'to 
make low, to humble', ON hneigja 'to 
bow, to bend, to incline', OE hná^an 
'to cause to bow, to bring low', OHG 
hneigen 'to bow'. Derived from *xnai^waz 
or *xni3wanan. Torp-Falk 98; Holt- 
hausen AEE]Y 165; Feist 265; Vries 
ANEW 242; Lehmann GED 188; Seebold 
266-267; Heidermanns 298. 

*xnaikjanan wk.vb.: Icel hneikja 'to strike, 
to kick', OE hnécan 'to kill', OHG neihhen 
'to sacrifice'. Implies unattested str. *xník- 
janan of unknown etymology. Cf. *xnait- 
janan. Holthausen AEE]V 165; Vries 
ANE1V 243 (to Gk cuto-Kvaíeo 'to scrape, 
to rub off'). 

*xnaisjanan wk.vb.: ON hneisa 'to dis- 
grace', MHG nesen 'to tormenť. Related 
to *xnaison > ON hneisa 'disgrace, shame'. 
Cf. *xnaitjanan. Sturtevant Language III 
170 (to *naitjanan); Vries ANEW 242. 

*xnaitjanan wk.vb.: ON hneita 'to cut, to 
wound (?)', MLG neten 'to strike', OHG 
neizen 'to oppress, to exhaust, to destroy'. 
Causative of *xnitanan. On the other 
hand, cf. *naitjanan. Vries AME]V 242— 
243. 

*xnakkaz ~ *xnakkón sb.m.: ON 
hnakki 'occiput, napě', MLG nacke, necke 
id., OHG nac, nacko id. Related to Toch 
A kňuk 'neck, napě'. Another ablaut grade 
is probably represented in Skt šaňkhá 
'conch', Gk KÓyxo? id., KÓyxri id. < 
*konkho-. Zupitza Gutt. 207; Torp-Falk 
97 (to Olr cnoc 'hill'); Holthausen AEE] I' 



166; Marttnet Gem. 137, 188; Mayr- 
hofer III 290-291; Pokorný I 558 (to IE 
*ken- 'to press, to squeeze'), 614; Vries 
ANEW 242; Frisk I 889-890; Chan- 
traine I 550-551; Onions 605 (to Olr 
cnocc 'hill' < Celt *knukkos); Zalizniak II 
178; Kluge-Seebold 580. 

*xnappaz sb.m.: ON hnappr 'button', OE 
hnďpp 'cup, bowl', OS hnapp 'scoop', 
OHG napfbowV. Related to Gk Kvántco 
'to card or to comb wool', Lith knabóti 'to 
pluck ouť. Torp-Falk 97; Holthausen 
AEE] V 165; Marttnet Gem. 194; Vries 
ANEW 242; Zalizniak I 132; Levickij 
IF CIII 223-224 (to *xneupanan); Kluge- 
Seebold 582. 

*xnappjanan wk.vb.: ON hneppa 'to but- 
ton', OE hnteppan 'to strike (?)', G dial. 
nepfen 'to limp'. Derived from *xnappaz. 
Zupitza Gutt. 120; Torp-Falk 97 (from 
*knabh-n-, to Gk KvájtTco); Holthausen 
AEE] i' 165; Marttnet Gém. 170, 175; 
Pokorný I 562; Fraenkel 277; Vries 
ANEW 243; Frisk I 881-882; Heider- 
manns 299. 

*xnask(w)uz adj.: Goth hnasqus 'soft, del- 
icate', OE hnesce id., WFris nesk id., MDu 
nesch, msch 'soft'. Of unknown origin. 
Karsten MB II 408; Grienberger Got. 
117-118 (to Gk Kváco 'to scratch'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 99, 120; Torp-Falk 97-98; 
Wood PBB XXIV 530 (to Skt khadati 
'to chew, to bite, to eať < *kn3Í-)\ Torp- 
Falk 97; Feist 265 (to *knes- in Gk Kvé- 
topoc; 'netde'); Holthausen AEE] V 166; 
Pokorný I 561; Bammesberger Sprache 
XXI 188; Lehmann GED 188-189 (from 
IE *ken- 'to rub, to scrape'); Heidermanns 
299-300. 

*xnawwuz adj.: ON hiiQggr 'niggardly, 
stingy', OE hneáw 'stingy, near, nig- 
gardly', WFris nau 'narrow', MLG nouwe 
'narrow', MHG ge-nou 'careful, thorough'. 
Derived from *xnewwanan. Karsten J\B 
II 189, 378-380; Torp-Falk 99; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 166; Pokorný I 562; 
Ltndeman Verscháifung 143; Vries ANE]V 
246; Onions 610; Kluge-Seebold 312. 

*xneučtanan str.vb.: ON pret. sg. hnaui 



xneuctanan 



180 



xmtanan 



'to strike, to punch', MLG neden 'to 
riveť, OHG bi-hniutit 'muniť. Based 
on *xnewwanan. Probably related to Gk 
kvÚí^o 'itch', Latv knudet 'to itch'. Torp- 
Falk 100; Jóhannesson IE]V 213-214; 
Pokorný I 559-563; Vries ANEW 244; 
Frisk I 886; Seebold 268; Kluge- 
Seebold 589. 

*xneupanan str.vb.: Goth dis-hniupan 'to 
rend, to break apart, to tear', OE pret. 
sg. a-hneop 'to pluck, to tear'. Cf. also 
OSwed niupa 'to pinch'. Related to Lith 
kniáubtis 'to cover the face with hands and 
to incline one's heaď, kniumbii, kniúbti 'to 
kneel and to touch the ground with one's 
face'. Torp-Falk 100; Grienberger 
Got. 56—57 (to Latv knubt 'to turn, to 
benď); Persson Beitráge 882 (to Gk kvíků 
'to scratch'); Torp-Falk 100; Feist 1 19— 
120; Holthausen AEEW 166; Pokorný 
I 91 (to IE *ken- 'to scratch, to rub'); 
Fraenkel 278; Seebold 269; Lehmann 
GED 91. 

*xneusanan str./wk.vb.: ON hnjósa 'to 
sneeze', MLG nesen id., OHG niosan id. 
Of imitative origin (Vries IF LXII 1 36- 
150). Torp-Falk 100-101; Porzig Glw- 
derung 212; Jóhannesson IEW 213-214; 
Pokorný I 953 (to Skt ksáuti 'to sneeze'); 
Vries ANEW 244; Onions 606; Seebold 
269; Kluge-Seebold 588. 

*xnewwanan str.vb.: ON hnoggva 'to 
humble, to bring down', OHG hniuwan 
'to punch, to crush'. Related to Gk Kvóto 
'to scratch'. Meringer WuS I 22-23; 
Torp-Falk 99; Jóhannesson IEW 213 
214; Pokorný I 559-563; Vries ANEW 
246; Frisk I 887; Seebold 270. 

*xnippjanan wk.vb.: ON hnippa 'to poke 
in the side', ME nippen 'to pinch', LG nip- 
pen 'to sip', G dial. nipfen id. Gf. Lith knibti 
'to fall, to benď. Zupitza Gutt. 120; 
Torp-Falk 99 (to Gk kvuico 'to scratch'); 
Pokorný I 562; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
76; Vries ANEW 243. 

*xnissón sb.f.: Icel hnissa 'strong 
směli'. Close to Gk Kviaoc, kvÍgt| 'steam 
and odour of fat, smell or savor of a 
burnt sacrifice' < *knid-s-ia. Further cf. 



Lat mdor 'vapor, steam, smell' (Johansson 
KZ XXX 416-417). Torp-Falk 98; 
Walde-Hofmann II 166-167; Pokorný I 
561-562. 
*xnitz sb.f: OE hnitu id. (traces of cons. 
stem), MLG něte, nit id., OHG niz id. 
Related to Gk KÓviq id., Arm anic 'louse' 

< *k(o)nid-, Alb théri ~ theni id. < *konid- 
and probably Mír sněd 'niť < *s(k)nida 
(Fick II 316; Pedersen KZ XXXLX 343, 
387). Cf. * 3 nito. Persson SVSU X 
94-96; Meillet MSL XXII 143; Torp- 
Falk 98-99; Holthausen AEEW 166; 
Pokorný I 608-609; Frisk I 912-913; 
Onions 611; Griepentrog í Vurzelnomina 
474-476; Orel AED 476; Kluge- 
Seebold 589. 

*xnÍ3wanan str.vb.: Goth hneiwan 'to 
decline', ON hníga 'to bow dow, to sink', 
OE hní^an 'to bend, to bow', OFris hniga 
id., OS hnigan id., OHG nigan id. Close to 
Lat conlueo 'to shut the eyes, to overlook' 

< *kom-kneig"h- (Osthoff PBB VIII 274; 
Walde-Hoffmann I 261). Meillet MSL 
XV 101-103 (development of *~3W-); 
Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 291 (to Slav 
*niknqti 'to lower, to plummeť); Zupitza 
Gutt. 100; Torp-Falk 98; Feist 265- 
266; Holthausen AEE1\ t 166; Walde- 
Hofmann I 261; Krahe SuV 78; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW 264; Pokorný I 608; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 91; Vries ANEW 
243; Seebold 266-267 (to *xnípanan); 
Lehmann GED 189; Kluge-Seebold 585. 

*xnlpanan str.vb.: ON part. hnipinn 
'drooping, desponding'. Related to Lith 
kneibiú, knéibti 'to pluck ouť. Torp-Falk 
99; Jóhannesson IEW 264; Pokorný I 
608; Fraenkel 277-278; Vries ANEW 
243; Seebold 267. 

*xnípójanan wk.vb.: ON hnípa 'to be 
downcast, to droop', OE hnipian 'to 
bow the heaď. Derived from *xnlpanan. 
Zupitza Gutt. 120; Torp-Falk 99; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 166; Pokorný I 608; 
Vries ANEW 243; Seebold 267. 

*xnítanan str.vb.: ON hnita 'to strike, 
to wound to the death', OE hnítan 'to 
strike', OS hnitan id. Related to Gk Kvinto 



xintanan 



181 



xofjanan 



'to scratch, to pounď, Latv knidět 'to 
itch', kniedet 'to riveť (if not a loanword). 
Zupitza Gutt. 120; Torp-Falk 98; Holt- 
hausen AEEl\ r 166; Jóhannesson IE]\ t 
213-224; Pokorný I 562; Vries ZF LXII 
142-143, AMEW 244; Frisk I 884-885; 
Seebold 267-268. 

*xnóanan wk.vb.: OHG nuoen 'to plane, 
to shave'. Close to Gk Kváto 'to rub, 
to scratch', Mír cnáim 'to consume'. 
Pokorný I 560-561; Frisk I 880-881; 
Dybo BSA 94. 

*xnukkaz ~ *xnukk5n sb.m.: Icel 
hnokki 'sniall iron hook', OE hnocc 'hook, 
penis', MDu nocke 'cut on the arrowheaď. 
Related to *xnutz. Related to Dac oikou- 
jtvoúi; 'plant fipúyyiov' (< *-kvov^), 
Mír cnú 'nuť, Lat mix id. Torp-Falk 
99-100 (to Gk kvuí^óv áépa ájtivécpeAov, 
Hes.); Holthausen AEEW 166-167; 
Vries AMEW 245 (to *ken- 'to squeeze, to 
press'). 

*xnuk(k)ilaz sb.m.: ON hnykill 'clew (of 
yarn)', LG niickel 'hill'. Derived from 
*xnukkaz ~ *xnukkon. Vries AME]V 245. 

*xnukkjanan wk.vb.: ON hnykkja 'to 
pull violently', LG nucken 'to kick, to 
punch'. Related to *xnukkaz ~ *xnukkon. 
Martinet Gém. 77; Vries AMEW 245. 

*xnukkjaz sb.m.: ON hnykkr 'a kind of 
wresder's movemenť, MLG nuck, nucke 
'řlip, hitch'. Derived from *xnukkaz ~ 
*xnukkón. Vries AMEW 245. 

*xnutz sb.f: ON hnot 'nuť, OE hnutu id., 
MLG not, notě id. (i-stem), OHG nuz, hnuz 
id. (i-stem). Related to Dac cjikou-jivoÚÍ; 
'plant T]pt>yyiov', Mír cnú 'nuť, Lat nux id. 
See *xnukkaz ~ *xnukkon. Lohmann 
ZfceltPh XLX 62-64; Zupitza Gutt. 207; 
Torp-Falk 100; Vendryes MSL XXI 41 
(on the dissimilation in Latin); Hol- 
thausen AEEW 167; Walde-Hofmann 
II 191-192; Detschew Thr. 559-560; 
Pokorný I 558; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
101; Vries AMEW 244-245; ZalizniakII 
208; Onions 618; Griepentrog Wurzel- 
nomina 471—473; Kluge-Seebold 594; 
Adams TB 202 (adds Toch B kontac(e) 
'nut (?)'). 



*xnuzon sb.m.: ON hnqri 'sneeze', OE 
hnora id. Derived from *xneusanan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 167; Vries AMEW 246. 

*xnúj)5n ~ *xnúbaz sb.f./m.: Goth hnupo 
'pointed stake, spike', ON hnúdr 'knob, 
balí'. Probably derived from *xnewwanan. 
Any connection with *knútaz? Peter- 
sson AfslPh XXXVI 150-151 (to Russ 
snyč 'catch (of a lock)', Czech snít 
'bough'); Torp MTF XVI 144 (to Latv 
knutě, knutele 'long stick', itself from Slav 
*knutb); Torp-Falk 100; Thumb K£ 
XXXVI 190-192 (to Gk kevtÉco 'to 
prick'); Feist 266; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
733; Vries AMEW 245 (follows Torp); 
Lehmann GED 189 (to *ken- 'to scrape, to 
scratch'). 

*x5bi]3Ó sb.f: ON ó-ho>fi 'indecency', 
MLG he-hofte 'neeď. Derived from *xebiz 
~ *xoíiz. Heidermanns 288. 

*xóbo sb.f: OS hóba 'plot of lanď, OHG 
huoba, huob id. Close to Gk kíjtoc; 'garden' 
(Meyer R'Z VII 28). Schrader R'Z X 
473; Zupitza Gutt. 103; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 107; Frisk I 842; Bammesberger 
Mom. 111. 

*xófan sb.n.: ON hóf 'measure, modera- 
tion', OFris bi-hof id., MLG be-hof id., 
MHG be-huqf 'profit, advantage'. Closely 
related to Gk Kcímri 'handle', Lith kúopa 
'crowd, flock, band, penalty for damage 
caused by catde'. Torp-Falk 73; Holt- 
hausen AEEl\ r 168; Trier Z dph LXX 
344; Pokorný I 528; Vries AMEW 
246-247; Frisk II 63; Seebold 245 (to 
*xajjanan); Kluge-Seebold 92. 

*xófaz sb.m.: ON háfr 'hoof, OE hóf id., 
OFris hoj id., OS hoj id., OHG huoj 
id. Related to Skt šaphá- id., Av sofa- id. 
Zupitza Gutt. 186; Bartholomae 1557- 
1558; Torp-Falk 90; Holthausen 
AEEW 168; Mayrhofer III 297; 
Pokorný I 530; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
106; Vries AMEW 247; Zalizniak I 132; 
Onions 447; Kluge-Seebold 386. 

*x6fjanan wk.vb.: ON hajá 'to hit, to 
aim', OE be-hófian 'to need, to require', 
OFris bi-hovia 'to aim', MLG be-hoven 
id. Derived from *xojaz. Torp-Falk 73; 



xofjanan 



182 



xrabnaz 



Holthausen AEEW 168; Vries ANEW 
277. 

*xox5n sb.m.: Goth hoha 'plow'. Cf. also 
OHG huohili 'small plow' (Grimm Gesch. 
40). Related to Skt šakhá 'branch', Alb 
theke 'fringe', Lith saka id., Slav *soxa 
'plow' (Bartholomae BB X 290; Meil- 
let BSL XXXVI/107 111, Etudes 158, 
174). Hehn Kult. 565; Hoops H'aldbáume 
499-501; Pedersen A'"" XXXVI 332, 
XXXVIII 391; Zupitza Gutt. 138; 
Meringer IF XVII 121; Schrader- 
Nehring II 208-209; Trautmann BSW 
297; Feist 266-267; Mayrhofer III 
321-322; Pokorný I 523; Fraenkel 
957-958; Vasmer-Trubachev III 729- 
730; Lehmann GED 189; Orel AED 473. 

*xólan sb.n.: ON hól 'praise, flattery', 
OE hól 'vain speech, calumny, slander'. 
Deríved from *xelanan (Grienberger Got. 
6-7). Uhlenbegk FBB XXX 291 (to 
Lat calumnia 'trickery, artifice, falše accu- 
sation', Slav *xvala 'praise'); Torp-Falk 
90 (to Lat caluor 'to deceive, to devise 
tricks', calumnia); Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 
291-292 (to Lat caló 'to calT); Holt- 
hausen AEEW 168; Vries ANEW 247; 
Lehmann GED 189 (to IE *kěl- 'to be- 
witch, to deceive'). 

*xóljanan wk.vb.: ON hala 'to praise, to 
flatter', OE hélan 'to slander'. Derived 
from *xó~lan. Holthausen AEEW 168; 
Vries ANEW 278 (to Gk Kristo 'to 
charm, to bewitch'); Lehmann GED 189. 

*x515janan wk.vb.: Goth holon 'to slan- 
der', OE hólian id. Derived from *xolan. 
Torp-Falk 90; Holthausen AEEW 169; 
FEIST 267; LEHMANN GED 189. 

*xónaz sb.n.: ON pl. hans 'hens, fowl', 
OS hon 'hen', OHG huon id. (residual s- 
stem). Long grade variant of *xanon. Cf. 
the samé ablaut grade in Slav *kan'a 
'hawk' < *koniá. Vaniček Lat. 48 (to 
Lat cicónia 'stork'); Brugmann IF 
XXXVII 249; Zupitza Gutt. 108; 
Meillet MSL XII 213; Holthausen IF 
XXXLX 67; Torp-Falk 69-70; Vries 
ANE]V 21Ů (to Lat conia 'stork'); Lehmann 
GED 176; Kluge-Seebold 386. 



*xópan sb.n.: ON hóp 'small landlocked 
bay', OE Jen-hóp 'fen-heap', OFris hop 
'circle', Du hoep id. Of unknown origin. 
Torp-Falk 71 (to Gk KÓijPoq 'roli, band, 
girth'); Holthausen AEEW 169; Vries 
AKEW 248; Onions 447; Toporov PJa 
III 108 (to *xappan). 

*xóra-čí5maz sb.m.: ON hór-dómr 'adul- 
tery', OFris hor-dóm 'whoredom'. Derived 
from *xorón. Onions 1005. 

*x5ra-kwenón sb.f: ON hór-kona 'adul- 
teress', OE hór-cwene id. Compound of 
*xoran and *kwenon. Carr Nom. comp. 81 
(parallel formations). 

*xóran sb.n.: ON hór 'adultery, fornica- 
tion', OE hór 'adultery', OFris hor 'adul- 
tery, fornication', OS hor-hus 'brothel', 
OHG huor 'adultery, fornication'. See 
*xoraz. Zupitza Gutt. 64; Torp-Falk 90; 
Holthausen AEEW 170; Vries ANEW 
249; Lehmann GED 190. 

*xoraz sb.m.: Goth hors 'fornicator, adul- 
terer', ON hórr id. Related to Lat citrus 
'dear', Olr caraim 'to love', Latv kdrs 
'lusty, greedy'. Zupitza Gutt. 122; 
Torp-Falk 90; Walde-Hofmann I 175; 
Feist 267-268; Pokorný I 515; Dybo 
VSJa 27; Vries ANEW 249; Onions 
1005; Van Windekens I 147 (adds Toch 
B an-kare 'immorality (?)'); Lehmann GED 
190; Bammesberger Mom. 75, 97; Kluge- 
Seebold 389. 

*x6r5janan wk.vb.: ON hóra 'to commit 
adultery', MLG hořen id., OHG huoron id. 
Derived from *xorai. Torp-Falk 90; 
Vries ANEW 249. 

*xóron sb.f: ON hóra 'whore, harloť, OE 
hóře id., MLG hóře id., OHG neut. huor 
id. Derived from *xóraz. Torp-Falk 90; 
Machek Slavíci XXI/2 259-261 (from 
Slav *kun>va id.); Holthausen AEE]\ j 
170; Pokorný 1515; Vries AME]V 249; 
Martynov Slav-germ. 297-210 (follows 
Machek); Zalizniak I 155; Onions 1005; 
Kluge-Seebold 389. 

*xrabnaz sb.m.: Burg *hramns 'raven', ON 
hrafii id., OE hnefn id., OS naht-hraian 
'nocticorax', OHG hrabán, raban 'raven'. 
Derived from *xrabon. Zupitza Gutt. 23, 



xrabnaz 



183 



xraiwan 



124; Suolahti DVN 174-179; Torp- 
Falk 103; Holthausen KZ XXVII 623 
(to Lat crepo 'to rattle, to crack'), AEE\V 
171; Pokorný I 569; Vries ANEW 250; 
Zalizniak II 220; Onions 741; Lehmann 
GED 192; Kobler 711; Rluge-Seebold 
662. 

*xrafoón sb.m.: MLG rave 'raven', OHG 
rabo id. Of imitative origin. Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXVI 305 (to Lat crepo 'to rattle, to 
crack', Latv krepet 'to be dirty'); Suolahti 
DVN 174-179; Torp-Falk 103; Pokorný 
I 569; Zalizniak II 220; Onions 741; 
Rluge-Seebold 662. 

*xradjanan wk.vb.: OE hreddan 'to rid, 
to savé', OFris hredda id., OHG ir-retten 
id. Identical with Skt ératháyati 'to loosen' 
(further related to šrathnati 'to become 
loose') and Slav *krotiti 'to tame' (Maghek 
Slavia XVI 187). Vasmer-Trubachev II 
383; Kluge-Seebold 683. 

*xraxilaz ~ *xra3Ílan sb.m./n.: ON 
hrtell 'weaver's roď, OE hřebel 'garmenť, 
OFris hreil id., OHG hregil id. Cf. also 
OE hreil 'reel' (Torp ANF XXIV 95). 
Of unknown origin. Bezzenberger BB 
XXVII 170 (to Slav "krosno 'loom'); 
Torp-Falk 101 (to Gk KepKÍ<; 'weaver's 
shuttle'); Holthausen AEE]V 171; 
Pokorný I 618 (to Gk KpÉKío 'to weave, 
to strike'); Vries A/VET I 7 263; Onions 736. 

*xraifjanan wk.vb.: ON hreifa 'to swing'. 
Close to Lith kraipaú, kraipýti 'to turn', 
cf. also kreípti id. (Zupitza Gutt. 125; 
Pedersen IF V 57). Persson Beitrdge 
949; Trautmann BSW 140; Pokorný I 
937; Fraenkel 292; Vries ANEW 252. 

*xraÍ3r6n sb.m.: ON hegri 'heron' (with 
dissimilation), OE hrá^ra id., OS regera 
id. (fem.), MLG reiger id., OHG reigaro, 
reigar id. Probably, results from a dissimi- 
lation of *xran^ron based on *xren^anan. 
Torp-Falk 104 (to Slav *krikt> 'shouť or 
Gk Kpíi^co 'to creak'); Holthausen AEE] I ' 
172; Chemodanov SGGJa I 59; Vrdís 
A/VEIK216 (to Gk aor. KpÍKe 'to creek, to 
screech'); Onions 438. 

*xrainaz sb.m.: ON hreinn 'reindeer', OE 
hrán id. From *xramiz- (Johansson KJ? 



XXX 339) (to*xurnan); Holthausen 
AEEW 172; Vries ANEW 252; Onions 
752; Kluge-Seebold 679-680. 

*xrainis5janan wk.vb.: ON hreinsa 'to 
cleanse', OHG reinison id. Derived from 
*xrainiz. Vries ANEW 252-253; Leh- 
mann GED 193. 

*xrainib5 sb.f: Gouh un-hrainipa 'impu- 
rity', OHG hreinida 'purification, clean- 
sing'. Derived from *xrainjanan. Feist 
520; Lehmann GED 190; Heidermanns 
303. 

*xrainiz adj.: Goth hrains 'clean', ON 
hreinn id., OFris hrene id., OS hreni id., 
OHG reini id. From *kroi-ni- probably 
related to Skt sn- 'beauty', Av sn- id., Gk 
Hom Kpeítov 'noble'. Karsten MB II 
181-182; Zupitza Gutt. 217; Torp-Falk 
104; Feist 268-269; Kluge PBB VIII 
525 (adjective in *-ni- from IE *krei- 'to 
cuť, furtírer related to *(s)ker-)\ Pokorný 
I 618, 946; Vries ANEW 252; Lehmann 
GED 190; Heidermanns 302-303; Kluge- 
Seebold 677. 

*xrainín sb.f: Goth hrainei 'cleanliness', 
OHG reini id. Derived from *xrainiz. 
Feist 268; Lehmann GED 190; Heider- 
manns 303. 

*xrainja-xertaz adj.: Goth hrainja-hairts 
'pure in hearť, OHG rein-herzi id. Com- 
pound of *xrainiz and *xerton. Feist 268; 
Lehmann GED 190. 

*xrainjanan wk.vb.: Goth hrainjan 'to 
cleanse', OS hrenian id., OHG reinen id. 
Derived from *xrainiz. Feist 268; Leh- 
mann GED 190; Heidermanns 303. 

*xraiwan sb.n.: ON hru 'corpse, carrion', 
OE hráw 'body, corpse', hréw id., OFris 
Áí"ě-ř"a/^'corpse-robbery', OS hrěu 'corpse', 
OHG hrěo, reo id. (í-stem in pl.). Cf. also 
Goth hraiwa- in hraiwa-dúbo 'turde-dove' 
< *'dove of death', *'dove of corpses' 
(Sghrader II 141-142; Wiedemann BB 
XXVIII 32). Substantivized adjective 
related to Gk Kpoióc; 'sickly, weak', Lith 
kreívas 'crookeď, Slav *kriub id. (Solmsen 
IF XXXI 466-467). Stokes Urkelt. 97 
(to Olr crí 'body'); Bugge PBB XXIV 
427-428 (to *xrawaz); Zupitza Gutt. 208; 



xraiwan 



184 



xratojanan 



Grienberger Got. 1 1 9; Unwerth PBB 
XXXVI 3 (traces of j-stem); Torp-Falk 
101 (to Latv krija 'bark'); Wiedemann BB 
XXVIII 30-32 (to Slav *čewo 'womb'); 
Torp NNEO 558 (to Lett krijat 'to flay'); 
Wood MLN XVIII 15 (to *skrei- 'to 
turn'); Neokel Z dadl lxxi 187-188; 
Holthausen AEE]V 172; Feist 269; 
Pokorný I 936; Fraenkel 203; Vries 
ANEW 263; Zalizniak II 187; Frisk II 
22; Ebbinghaus GL XVI 9-13 (Goth to 
Gk KÓpocíj 'raven', Lat carvus id.); Leh- 
mann GED 190-191. 

*xrakjanan wk.vb.: ON hrekja 'to worry, 
to vex', OFris hreka 'to tear'. Related to 
Lith krangú, krágti 'to tower, to overhang'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 125; Torp-Falk 101 (to Skt 
kárjati 'to pain, to tormenť); Schefte- 
lowitz Zflnd II 279; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 107; Fraenkel 286; Vries 
ANEW 254. 

*xramaz sb.m.: MLG raem 'frame, 
rack', OHG ram id. Identical widi Slav 
*krorrtb 'loom, edge' (Zupitza Gutt. 122). 
Feist 270; Stang LS 31; Pokorný I 945; 
Trubachev ESSJa XII 185-186. 

*xrammaz ~ *xrammón sb.m.: ON 
hrammr 'paw, palm', OE hramma 'cramp, 
spasm', MLG ram, ramme id. An emphatic 
form of *xrampaz. Torp-Falk 104; 
Holthausen ^££11' 172; Martinet Gém. 
190; Pokorný I 948-949 (to Gk KÚptpoq 
'dry stalk, chip'); Vries ANEW 251. 

*xram(m)janan wk.vb.: Goth hramjan 'to 
crucify', ON hremma 'to clutch', OE hrem- 
man 'to obstruct, to hinder', EFris remmen 
'to lace, to tie', MDu remmen 'to brake, to 
check (wheels)'. Denominative of *xram- 
maz ~ *xrammon (Feist 270). Cf. a similar 
formation in Slav *kromiti 'to divide, to 
break'. Zupitza Gutt. 114, 122; Torp- 
Falk 103; Holthausen AEEW 173; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 80; Vries ANEW 
251, 254; Lehmann GED 191 (to IE 
*kre-m-, from *(s)ker- 'to cuť); Trubachev 
ESSJa XIII 5; Van Windekens I 234 (to 
Toch B kramp- 'to disturb, to check'). 

*xrampaz sb.m.: Norw dial. ramp 'thin 
man', MLG ramp 'cramp, spasm', MHG 



rampf id. Probably related to Gk Kpáufk>i; 
'blight in grapes, when they shrivel before 
they are ripe'. Torp-Falk 103; Frisk II 
5-6. 

*xramusó(n) sb.f./m.: Norw rams 'Allium 
ursinum', OE pl. hramsan 'broad-leaved 
garlic', MLG ramese 'wild garlic'. Prob- 
ably related to Gk Kpójruov 'onion' < 
*kromuso-, Kpé|it)OV id., Mír crim 'garlic' 
and further to Lith kermúšé 'wild garlic', 
Slav *čemrbša id., *čerrrtbxa 'bird cherry'. 
The IE word was borrowed from NCauc 
*kármuéV 'kind of fruit tree, quince, 
plum'. Bugge K~ XIX 419-420; 
Schmidt KZ XXXII 346; Pedersen IF V 
33; Torp-Falk 103; Holthausen AEEW 
172; Pokorný I 580-581; Fraenkel 
243; Frisk II 23-24; Onions 738; 
Trubachev ESSJa IV 68; Starostin DV 
121 (IE and NCauc words genetically 
related); Nikolayev-Starostin NCED 
700; Kluge-Seebold 665. 

*xrap5janan wk.vb.: ON hrapa 'to fall, 
to tumble down', ME rapen 'to hurry'. 
Derived from *xrappaz. Torp-Falk 102 
(to *xratqjann); Adams TB 154 (to Toch 
AB karp- 'to descenď < *korb-). 

*xrappaz adj.: ON prop. Hrappr, MLG 
rapp 'swifť. Related to Slav *kripbkb 
'firrn'. Torp-Falk 102 (to % xrapojanan); 
Pokorný I 620; Vasmer-Trubachev II 
372. 

*xrappjanan wk.vb.: ON hreppa 'to catch, 
to obtain', OE hreppan 'to touch, to treať, 
OFris reppa 'to touch', MLG reppen 'to 
move slighdy'. Derived from *xrappaz. 
Zupitza Gutt. 207; Torp-Falk 102-103 
(to Lith krapštýti 'to scrape, to rub, to 
scratch'); Holthausen AEE] V 173; Mar- 
tinet Gém. 169; Vries ANEW 254. 

*xrat5janan wk.vb.: ON hrata 'to fall, to 
stagger, to tumble', OE hratian 'to hurry', 
MHG razzen 'to rage'. Related to Skt kur- 
dati 'to leap, to jump', Gk Kpa8áto 'to 
swing, to wave'. On the other hand, cf. 
*xrappjanan. Zupitza Gutt. 122; Torp- 
Falk 101; Holthausen AEE]V 172; 
Mayrhofer I 254-255; Vries ANEW 
252; Frisk II 1-2. 



xrahaz 



185 



xreri3az 



*xrapaz sb.m.: ON hradr 'swifť, OE hned, 
hned id., MLG rat 'swift, quick', OHG 
hrad id. Structurally close to Lith adv. api- 
kratai 'quick, fasť. Further related to Mír 
crothaim 'to shake', Lith krečiú, krésti id. 
(Fick II 99; Schwentner PBB XLVni 
79-85). Karsten MB I 57-58, II 294; 
Torp-Faek 102; Holthausen AEE~W 
171; Pokorný I 620; Fraenkel 295; 
Vries AMEW 250; Onions 741; Heider- 
manns 304-305. 

*xraud6 sb.f.: ON hraud 'mail-coat, 
cuirass', OE scild-hreóSa 'shield, buckler. 
Derived from *xreudanan. Holthausen 
AEEW 173; Vries AMEW 252 (to ON 
hijóóa 'to strip, to disable'). 

*xraukaz sb.m.: ON hraukr 'small stack', 
OE hreác 'heap, stack', MDu noc id. 
Related to Mír crúach 'heap' (Kluge PBB 
X 444). Bugge KZ XLX (1870) 420- 
421 (to Lith kráuti 'to put in a heap'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 123, 215; Torp-Falk 107; 
Holthausen AEEW 172; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 98; Vries AMEW 252; Onions 
766. 

*xraumón ~ *xraumaz sb.m.: ON 
hraumi 'noisy fellow', OE hreám 'cry'. 
Probably continues *xraut-mdn ~ *xraut- 
maz derived from *xreutanan ~ *xrutanan I. 
Torp-Falk 573 (to LG schrauen 'to cry, to 
shouť). 

*xraustaz adj.: ON hraustr 'strong, 
valianť, G dial. rošt 'sprightly, active'. 
Probably derived from *xreusanan. 
Karsten MB II 339-340; Schwentner 
PBB XLVIII 85; Zupitza Gutt. 123; 
Torp-Falk 108; Vries AMEW 252; 
Pokorný I 623; Heidermanns 305-306. 

*xrawaz adj.: ON hrár 'raw, fresh', OE 
hreáw 'raw', OS hrao id., OHG *rao id. 
Related to Skt kraví- 'raw flesh', Gk Kpéaq 
'flesh, meať, Lat cruor 'blooď, Mír crú id., 
Lith kraújas id., Slav *kry id. Zupitza 
Gutt. 124; Torp-Falk 106; Holthausen 
AEEW 172; Walde-Hofmann I 294- 
295; Mayrhofer I 277; Pokorný I 621; 
Fraenkel 290; Vries AMEW 251; Frisk 
II 1 1-12; Onions 742; Trubachev ESSJa 
XIII 67-70; Hamp IF LXXXII 75-76; 



Bammesberger Mom. 239; Heidermanns 
306; Kluge-Seebold 690. 

*xrazn5 sb.f: ON hrqnn 'wave', OE hiern 
'waves, tide'. Identical with Gk Kpř|vr| 
'spring, fountain' (Saussure MSL 1889 
119), Alb krua ~ krue id. < PAlb *kresná 
(Camarda I 50). Petersson IF XXrV 
46 (to *xreusanan); Kuhn MB XXLX 113; 
Torp-Falk 104; Holthausen AEEW 
146; Vrtes AMEW 264 (to *xrb~zjanari); 
Frisk II 16; Orel AED 198. 

*xrefaz sb.n.: OE hrifwomh, belly', OFris 
hrif, hrefiá., OHG hřej id. Related to Skt 
kíp 'shape, beautiful appearance', Lat cor- 
pus 'body', Mír crí 'body' < *krpes. Cf an 
interesting derivative ON hriflingr 'a kind 
of shoe' < *xrefalin3az witír a semantic 
development similar to Slav *červitb 
'shoe' < *čewo 'belly' (Sobolevskii RFV 
LXXI 444). van Wijk IF XXVIII 1 23- 
1 24 (to Lith kreípti 'to turn'); Zupitza Gutt. 
53, 125 (ON to Lat carpisculus 'a kind of 
shoe', OPrus kurpe 'shoe'); Torp-Falk 
103 (ON to Gk K pr|jtíg 'high boot, half- 
booť); Holthausen AEE\ V 174; Walde- 
Hofmann I 277-278; Mayrhofer I 260; 
Pokorný I 620; Vries AMEW 255 (ON 
to Lith kiirpi 'shoe'); Onions 575. 

*xrendanan str.vb.: ON hrinda 'to kick, 
to push, to throw', OE pret. sg. rand id. 
Probably related to Lith kraňtas 'steep 
bank', krentú, kristi 'to falT, Slav *krqtb 
'steep' (Zupitza Gutt. 123). Torp-Falk 
102 (to Gk Kpóxoc; 'clapping'); Holt- 
hausen AEEW 174; Jóhannesson IEW 
272; Pokorný I 621; Vries AMEW 
256; Vasmer-Trubachev II 387 (against 
Zupitza); Seebold 273 (to *xrewwanan); 
Trubachev Etim. 1978 6-7. 

*xren3az sb.m.: Crim. Goth. rinck 'ring, 
circle', ON hringr id., OE hrin.3 id., OFris 
hring id., OS hring id., OHG hring id. 
Related to Slav *kregb 'mountain ridge' < 
*krengho-, *krqgb 'circle' < *krongho-, *krežb 
'stump, mountain ridge' < *krenghio- 
(Miklosich 142, Zeyss KZ XX 132). 
Wood IF XVIII 11; Zupitza Gutt. 
125, 178; Torp-Falk 102; Holthausen 
AEEW 174; Feist 398; Schrijnen /T~ 



xreri3az 



186 



xrewwanan 



XLII 103; Trier Holz 80; Pokorný I 
936; Vries ANEJV 256; Zalizniak I 
132; Onions 768; Stang LS 30-31; Leh- 
mann GEDE 285 (from *(s)ker- 'to turn, to 
benď); Trubachev ESSJa XII 142, 148- 
149, XIII 25-27; Kluge-Seebold 687. 

*xren3Janan wk.vb.: ON hringja 'to ring', 
OE hrin^an id. (secondary str. forms). 
Derived from *xren^az? Zupitza Gutt. 
124; Torp-Falk 102; Berneker I 612 (to 
Lith krankui, kraňkti 'to croak', Slav *krgkati 
'to quack'); Holthausen AEEW 174; 
Vries ANEW 256; Onions 768. 

*xren3J5n sb.f.: ON hringja 'buckle', OE 
hrinse id., OS hringa id., OHG ringa 
id. Derived from *xren$az. Holthausen 
AEEW 175; Vries ANEW 256; Kluge- 
Seebold 688. 

*xrepaz sb.n.: ON hrip 'basket (carried on 
the horse-back)', OHG ref id. Related to 
Lith krepšas 'basket'. Torp-Falk 103 (to 
Lat corbis 'basket'); Buga RFV LXVII 
241; Pokorný I 937 (to Latv kribas 
Voven fioor of the sleigh'); Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 77; Vries AMW 257; Kluge- 
Seebold 673—674. 

*xrebanan str.vb.: OHG redan 'to sieve'. 
Related to Lith krečiu, krésti 'to shake', for 
the semantic development cf. especially 
Lith kreščiuóti 'to sieve'. Pokorný I 620; 
Fraenkel 295; Seebold 274-275. 

*xreudan sb.n.: OE hreód 'reeď, OFris 
hriád id., OS hriod id., OHG hriot 'pláce 
where reed grows'. Identical with Slav 
*kr'udb 'whip' (Trubachev ESSJa XII 
178). Torp-Falk 108; Holthausen 
AEEW \1?>; Pokorný I 623; Onions 749; 
Kluge-Seebold 687 (to Toch A kru, B 
kdrwats 'reed'). 

*xreučtanan str.vb.: ON part. hrodinn 
'covered with metal', OE pret. sg. hreád 
'to cover'. Related to Lith kráuju, kráuti 'to 
put on top of each other', Slav *kryti 'to 
cover' (Wood MP V 276). Sievers PBB 
XXXVI 404; Torp-Falk 108; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 173; Jóhannesson IEW 
268-269; Pokorný I 616-617; Fraenkel 
291; Vries ANEW 258; Seebold 275. 

*xreufaz adj.: ON htjújř 'rough, scabby', 



OE hreóf 'rough, scabby, leprous', OHG 
riob 'mangy, leprous'. Related to Lith 
kraupus 'uneven, rough'. Further cf. Alb 
klipe' ~ krype 'salt', Slav *krupa 'groats' 
(Meyer Alb. St. III 4, 31, 71). Karsten 
NB I 23; Zupitza Gutt. 126; Torp-Falk 
108; Trautmann BS]V 143; Holthausen 
AEEW 173; Kluge 279, Nom. Stamm. 
60, 88; Pokorný I 623; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 74; Fraenkel 290; Stang LS 30; 
Vries ANEW 258; Heidermanns 306- 
307; Orel AED 197; Kluge-Seebold 
339, 695. 

*xreusanan str.vb.: OE hreósan 'to fall', 
OHG hriusu 'reor' (leg. ruor). Etymologi- 
cally related to Gk ícpoúcc 'to strike', Lith 
krušil, krušti 'to trample', OPrus krůt 'to 
fall', Slav *krušiti 'to destroy'. Zupitza 
Gutt. 125, 208; Torp-Falk 107; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 173; Pokorný I 622; 
Fraenkel 302-303; Vries ANEW 258 
(to Gk Kpúoí 'icy cold, frosť); Frisk II 
27-28; Seebold 276-277. 

*xreutanan ~ *xrutanan I str.vb.: ON 
hrjóta 'to snore', OE hrútan 'to make a 
noise, to snore', OFris hruta 'to wheeze', 
OS pres. hrutan 'to snore', OHG ruzan 
id. Of imitative origin. Torp-Falk 107; 
Holthausen AEEW 176; Jóhannesson 
IEW 230-236; Pokorný I 567-571; 
Vries ANEW 258; Seebold 277-278. 

*xreutanan ~ *xrutanan II str.vb.: ON 
hrjóta 'to rebound, to fall, to fly', MHG 
rúzen 'to move quickly'. Related to *xreu- 
sanan. Torp-Falk 107 (to OPrus krůt 'to 
fall'); Pokorný I 622. 

*xrewwa-líkaz adj.: ON hrygg-ligr 
'mournful, saď, OE hréow-líc 'grievous, 
miserable'. Derived from *xrewwaz. 
Heidermanns 308. 

*xrewwanan str.vb.: OE hreówan 'to make 
sorry, to grieve', OFris hriouwa, riouwa 'to 
regreť, OS hreuwan 'to hurt, to pain', 
OHG riuwan id. Cf. also ON hryggja, hryg- 
gva 'to distress, to grieve' < *xrewwjanan. 
Of unknown origin. Torp-Falk 106- 
107 (to *kreu- 'blooď); Holthausen 
AEEW 173; Pokorný I 622 (to *kreu- 'to 
strike'); Vries ANEW 263; Seebold 278- 



xrewwanan 



187 



xnsan 



279 (to Gk Kpoíxo 'to strike, to smite', 
Lith krušil, krušti 'to pounď); Kluge- 
Seebold 683. 

*xrewwaz adj.: ON hryggr 'aíBicted, 
grieved, distresseď, OE hréowe 'sad, 
grieveď, OS hriuwi 'worrieď. Derived 
from *xrewwanan. Karsten MB II 444- 
445; Uhlenbeck PBB XXVI 306 (to 
*xrawa Z ); Persson SVSU X 178 (to 
Skt koruna- 'lamentable, compassionate'); 
Torp-Falk 107; Holthausen AEElf 
173; Jóhannesson IEW 267; Pokorný I 
622 (to *kreu- 'to strike'); Vries ANEW 
263; Lindeman Verschájřung 150-151; See- 
bold 278-279; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 
95, KZ CV 98; Heidermanns 308. 

*xrěkjanan wk.vb.: ON hriekja 'to spiť, 
OE hrécan 'to clear the throat, to spiť. De- 
rived from *xrekon. Holthausen AEE>\ 7 
171; Vřes ANEW 263; Onions 743. 

*xrěkón sb.m.: ON hrála 'spitde', OE hráca 
'expectoration, spittle'. Related to Gk 
Kpró^ro 'to croak', Lidi kregeti 'to speak 
loučily, to grunt'. Zupitza Gutt. 124, 162; 
Torp-Falk 101; Holthausen AEE~W 
171; Pokorný I 569; Vries ANEW 251; 
Frisk II 31; Onions 743. 

*xrětó sb.f.: OFris rátá 'honeycomb', 
MLG ráte id., OHG ráza id. An ablaut 
variant of *xrotan. van Wijk IF XXVIII 
121-123 (to Slav *krada 'pile, stack'); 
Pokorný I 617. 

*xrisjanan ~ *xrissojanan wk.vb.: 
Goth af-hrisjan 'to shake off', OE hrissian 
id., OS hrisian 'to shake oneself, to trem- 
ble'. Related to *xristjanan. Torp-Falk 
105; Holthausen AEE1\ t 175; Feist 7; 
Pokorný I 19; Lehmann GED 5. 

*xrispón sb.f.: Burg *hrispa 'thickeť, 
MHG rispe 'bush'. Close to Lat crispus 
'curly, twisteď, W crych 'vibrant, curly' 
(Lehmann GED 5). Walde-Hofmann I 
293; Pokorný I 938; Kobler 711. 

*xristjanan wk.vb.: ON hrista 'to shake', 
MLG risten 'to braiď. Related to *xrlsan 
and *xrisjanan ~ *xrissojanan. Etymologi- 
cally close to Mír cressaim id. (Mar- 
strander ZJcdtPh VII 412). Torp-Falk 
105; Pokorný I 937; Vries ANEW 257. 



*xribanan str.vb.: ON hrifa 'to catch, to 
grapple', EFris rifen 'to rake', MDu riven 
id. Of unknown origin. A modification 
of *3ripanan or *xrínanan? Zupitza Gutt. 
126; Torp-Falk 105 (to Latv skřípat 'to 
scratch'); Schrijnen K£ XLII 101; Vries 
ANEW 255 (to ON hraji 'wrisť). 

*xribon sb.f: ON hrífa 'rake', OFris hríve 
id., MDu rive id. Related to *xrtianan. 
Torp-Falk 105; Vries ANEW 2b5. 

*xridran ~ *xrídr5n sb.n./f: OE hridder 
'sieve', OS hridra 'sieve', OHG ritem id. 
Continues *krei-dhro- (as in Lat crlbrum 
'sieve') or *krei-tro- (as in Olr criathar id.). 
Zupitza Gutt. 125 (to *xrisjanan ~ *xrisso- 
janari); Torp-Falk 104; Holthausen 
AEE]V 174; Pokorný I 946; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 88; Onions 767; Leh- 
mann GED 190; Fvluge-Seebold 678. 

*xrlma-kaldaz adj.: ON hrím-kaldr 'icy 
colď, OE hrím-ceald id. Compound of 
*xrlman ~ *xrlmaz and *kaldaz. Carr 
Nom. comp. 61. 

*xriman ~ *xrímaz sb.n./m.: ON 
hrím 'hoar frosť, OE hrim id., Du rijm 
id. Probably from *xňp-m- in view of 
WGmc mase. *xripon id.: OS hripo, OHG 
hrífo. Unclear. Zupitza Gutt. 126; Torp- 
Falk 104 (to Lith kréná 'foam on dre 
cooking dish'); Holthausen AEEW 174 
(to Latv krěims 'cream'); Pokorný I 618 
(to *xrlnanan); Vries ANE)V 256; Onions 
768; Fvluge-Seebold 676. 

*xrinanan str.vb.: ON hrína 'to cleave, to 
stick', OE hrínan 'to touch', OS hrlnan id., 
OHG hňnan id. Of unknown etymolo- 
gy. Zupitza Gutt. 124, 187; Torp-Falk 
104 (to Latv krit 'to skim'); Holthausen 
AEEW 174; Jóhannesson IEW 266; 
Pokorný I 618; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
75 (to Latv krina 'pig'); Vries ANE]V 
256 (to *krei- 'to touch'); Seebold 271; 
Bammesberger Nom. 56. 

*xris(a)15n ~ *xrís(a)laz sb.f./m.: ON 
hrísla 'twig', OE hrisel 'weaving shuttle' 
(mase.?). Derived from *xnsan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 175; Vries ANEW 257 . 

*xrisan sb.n.: ON hrís 'shrubs, brush- 
wooď, OE hrís 'twig, branch', OFris hrís 



xnsan 



xropaz 



'switch, roď, MLG rís 'twig, branch', 
OHG hrís, rís id. Etymologically con- 
nected with OPrus craysi, crays 'straw', Lat 
crínis 'hair' (< *crisnis) and related to 
*xristjanan (Lehmann GED 5). Zupitza 
Gutt. 126; Holthausen AEEW 175; 
Walde-Hofmann I 292-293; Trier Holz 
58-62; Pokorný I 937; Vries ANEW 
257; Zalizniak I 141; Fíluge- Seebold 
677. 

*xríbo sb.f.: ON hríó 'tempest, storm', OE 
hríd id. Related to Olr crith 'trembling, 
fever', W cryd 'fever. Lidén PBB XV 
511 (to Gk Kpícni; 'separation, decision, 
judgemenť); Torp-Falk 105; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 175; Falk ANF XLI 119; 
Pokorný I 937; Vries ANEW 255. 

*xrófan ~ *xrófaz sb.n./m.: ON hróf 
'boat-shed', OE hróf 'roof, top, summit', 
OFris hrqfTooť, MLG roj id. Continues 
*kró-po-, cf. *xrótan < *krb~-do-. On the 
other hand cf. Olr cró 'enslosure, barn' 
< *krdpo-. Zupitza Gutt. 11, 208, IF 
XIII 51 (to Slav *strop-b 'roof < IE 
*krapo-)\ Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 92; Torp- 
Falk 106; Holthausen AEEW 176; 
Pokorný I 616; Vries ANEW 259; 
Zalizniak II 168; Onions 772. 

*xrókaz sb.m.: ON hrókr 'rook', OE hróc 
id., MLG rok id., OHG hruoh id. Related 
to *xrekon. Zupitza Gutt. 23, 124; 
Holthausen AEE]V 175; Suolahti ANT 
183; Torp-Falk 105; Pokorný I 569; 
Vries ANEh r 259; Frisk II 31; Onions 
772; Lehmann GED 192. 

*xr5pan ~ *xr5paz sb.n./m.: ON hróp 
'crying, screaming', OE hróp 'crying, 
clamor'. Derived from *xrópanan 'to 
shout, to call'. Torp-Falk 106; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 176; Jóhannesson IEW 
192; Vries ANE]V 260; Seebold 279; 
Kluge-Seebold 695. 

*xrópanan str.vb.: OE hrópan 'to cry 
out, to clamor', OFris hropa 'to shout, to 
call', OS hrópan id., OHG ruofan id. Of 
unknown origin. Cf. *xrópaz. Noreen 
Abrifi 206 (to Lith skrebú, skrebeti 'to rus- 
tle'); Bloomfield PBB XXXVII 251 
(rhyming word with *wopjanan); Torp- 



Falk 106; Feist 270; Holthausen AEE\ V 
176; Trter Holz 70 (from IE *ker- 'to 
cuť); Pokorný I 531; Seebold 279-280; 
Lehmann GED 191 (to IE *kar- 'praise'); 
Kluge-Seebold 695. 

*xr5piz sb.m.: Goth hrops 'clamor, outcry', 
OHG ruof 'shout, rumor'. Derived from 
*xrópanan. Feist 270; Vries ANEW 260; 
Seebold 279; Lehmann GED 191; Bam- 
mesberger Nom. 136; Kluge-Seebold 
695. 

*xropjanan wk.vb.: Goth hropjan 'to 
shouť, ON hrojpa 'to libel, to defame', 
OHG ruofen 'to shout, to call'. Derived 
from *xrópan ~ *xrópaz. Zupitza Gutt. 
23; Torp-Falk 106; Vries ANEW 260; 
Seebold 279; Lehmann GED 191. 

*xr5tan sb.n.: Goth hrot 'roof, house', ON 
hrát 'roof. Related to *xrěto. Close to Slav 
*krada 'pile of logs' (Bezzenberger BB 

XXVII 1 70; Uhlenbeok PBB XXX 302) 
and Alb krodhe 'beehive' < PAlb *krada. 
As it follows from the comparison with 
*xrófan ~ *xrqfaz, the originál structure of 
this word is *kró-do-, a derivational vari- 
ant of *kró-po-. Lidén Festschr. Noreen 432 
(to Pers sara(y) 'paláce' < Irán *srada-); 
Zupitza Gutt. 127; Grienberger Got. 
1 19-120 (to Gk Kpá8r| 'tree-top'); Wiede- 
mann IF I 194 (to Slav *kryti 'to cover'); 
Uhlenbeok PBB XXX 292 (samé as 
Lidén); Torp-Falk 106; Hirt Ablaut 11 
(to Gk Kápa? 'head'); Berneker 605 
(against Bezzenberger); Van Wijk IF 

XXVIII 121 (compares Slav *krada 
with Gmc *xrětó); Trautmann BS]V 140 
(to Lith kraúté 'attic'); Heinertz ESt. 
432-435 (against Bezzenberger; recon- 
structs *krou-d-, eventually, to IE *ker- 'to 
weave'); Feist 270-271; Trier Holz 70 
(to IE *(s)ker- 'to cuť); Pokorný I 617; 
Vries ANEW 261; Zalizniak I 141; 
Lehmann GED 191-192; Trubaghev 
ESSJa XI 58-60 (Slav *korda rauher than 
*krada); Orel AED 197-198. 

*xr5baz sb.m.: Burg *hroi>s 'glory, victory', 
ON hróbr 'praise', OE hréb 'fame, glory', 
hródor joy', OS hrob 'glory', OHG prn. 
Ruod-beraht. Any connection with *xratt- 



xrojiaz 



189 



xrussan 



jananí 



Hirt PBB XXIII 292 (to *kar- 'to 



praise': Gk KT|pui; 'herold', Skt carkarti 'to 
make mention of, to praise'); Torp-Falk 
105; Holthausen AEE1 V 175; Feist 271; 
Pokorný I 530-531; Vries ANEW 259; 
Lehmann GED 192 (to IE *kar- ~ *krá- 
'to praise'); Kóbler 711. 

*xrópÍ3az ~ *xróbu3az adj.: Goth 
hropeigs 'victorious, triumphanť, ON 
hródugr id., OE hrédis id. Derived from 
*xropaz. Feist 271; Lehmann GED 192. 

*xr5zaz adj.: Run prop. hroRaR, OE hrór 
'stirring, active', OS hrór 'lively'. Identical 
with Slav *krasb 'beautiful, coloreď, 
*krasa 'beauty'. Torp-Falk 106; Holt- 
hausen AEE1\ T 176; Pokorný I 572 
Vries ANEW 264; Matzel KZ CV 123 
Trubachev ESSJa XII 95-97, 105 
Heidermanns 309. 

*xrózjanan wk.vb.: ON hrcera 'to move, to 
stir', OE hréran 'to shake, to move', OFris 
hrěra 'to move', OS hrorian id., OHG 
hruoren 'to push, to move'. Derived from 
*xrozaz. Structurally close to Slav *krasiti 
'to ornáte'. ZuprrzA Gutt. 187; Torp- 
Falk 106; Holthausen AEE1\' 175; 
Vries AMW 264; Trubachev ESSJa XII 
99-100; Heidermanns 309; Kluge- 
Seebold 696. 

*xrufo(n) sb.f.: ON hrufa 'crnst, rough 
surface (of a stone)', OFris roje, ráje 'crust 
(on a wound)', MLG rove id., OHG ruj 
'scab'. Cf. also Gep *hrujs 'scurf. Related 
to *xreujaz. Vries ANEW 261; Kobler 
715. 

*xru3Jaz sb.m.: ON foyggr 'back, spině' 
(traces of z-stem), OE hrycg id., OFris hreg 
id., OS hruggi id., OHG hruggi id. 
Connected with Lat crux 'cross, tree or 
wooden frame for execution', Ir crúach 
'heap'. Zupitza Gutt. 127, 187; Traut- 
mann KZ XLII 374 (to Slav *kbréiti 'to 
bend, to ply'); Torp-Falk 107; Holt- 
hausen AEE]\ 7 177; Walde-Hofmann I 
296-297; Pokorný I 938; Vries ANEW 
262; Zalizniak II 213; Onions 767; 
Lindeman Verschárjung 15.17; Kluge- 
Seebold 694. 

*xru3nan sb.n.: ON hrogn 'fish roe', ME 



rowne id., MLG rogen id., OHG mase. 
rogan id. Derived from *xru3Ďn. Zupitza 
Gutt. 11, 126; Torp-Falk 107; Pokorný 
I 619; Vries /UVEII 7 259; Kluge-Seebold 
690. 

*xru3Ón sb.m.: ME rowe 'fish roe', MDu 
roge id., OHG hrogo id. Related to 
*xrawaz. Bezzenberger i?i?XXI 315 (to 
Lith kurkulaí 'frog-spawn'); Zupitza Gutt. 
126; Torp-Falk 107; Pokorný I 619; 
Vries ANEW 259; Kluge-Seebold 690. 

*xruk(j)5n sb.m./f: ON hroki 'heap above 
the brim of a full vessel', OE corn-hrycee 
'corn-rick'. Related to *xraukaz. Vries 
ANEW 259. 

*xrumpaz sb.m.: Norw dial. rump 'fiat hill 
top, buttoeks', ME rumpe 'podex' (fem.), 
MLG rump 'trunk'. Of unknown origin. 
Torp-Falk 103 (to *xrampaz). 

*xrun3Ó(n) sb.f.: Goth hrugga 'staff', OE 
hrun3 'rung, staff, roď, MLG runge 'pole, 
stake', OHG runga id. Related to *xren3az 
(Torp-Falk 108). Charpentier BB 
XXX 159; Sohroder PBB XXLX 499 
(reconstructs the originál meaning as 
*'round pole': to Skt krúňcati 'to curve, 
to move crookedly'); Uhlenbeck TJVTL 
XXV 279-280 (against Schroder); 
Holthausen AEE]V 176; Feist 271 
272; Pokorný I 936; Zalizniak I 147; 
Onions 777; Lehmann GED 192; Kluge- 
Seebold 696. 

*xrusón sb.f: OE hruse 'earth, ground', 
OHG (h)rosa 'crust, ice'. Derived from 
*xreusanan. Identical with Lith krušá 'hail, 
floe', Slav *krt>xa 'bit'. Torp-Falk 108; 
Walde-Hofmann I 295 (to Gk Kpt>o<; 
'frost, cold', Lat crusta 'crust'); Fraenkel 
302; Vasmer-Trubachev II 384. 

*xrussan sb.n.: ON hross 'horše', OE hors 
id., OFris hors, hars id., OS hros id., OHG 
hros, ros id. Borrowed from East Iranian, 
cf. Osset (v)urs 'stallion' (Brondal APS III 
1-3; Benveniste BSL LVIII 41-43). 
Derivation from *xreusanan is less proba- 
ble. Cf. also *xruzan. Kogel PBB VII 
176 (to Gk KpaSáto 'to shake'); Froehde 
BB XIV 105 (to Lat curro 'to run', Olr 
carr 'vehicle'); Zupitza Gutt. 123; Torp- 



xrussan 



190 



xugjanan 



Falk 79; Holthausen AEEW 170 (to Skt 
kúrdati 'to leap, to jump'); Jóhannesson 
IEW 239 (to *xurska Z ); Brondal APS III 
1—31 (from East Iranian); Pokorný I 583; 
Vries ANEIV 260; Zalizniak I 141; 
Onions 448; Kluge-Seebold 692; Adams 
TB 234 (to Toch A kursár, B kwarsár 
'league, course'). 

*xruzan sb.n.: ON hrQr 'corpse', OE 
3e-hror 'fall, ruin, deauY. Derived from 
*xreusanan. Holthausen AEE1V 176; 
Jóhannesson IEW 268; Vries ANEW 
264; Seebold 276. 

*xrumaz sb.m.: OE hrúm 'sooť. Identi- 
cal with Av xrůma- 'terrible, horrible', 
Gk KpiJuÓQ 'icy cold, frosť. Further cf. 
*xruf>az ~ *xrupón. Torp-Falk 106; 
Frisk II 28. 

*xrubaz ~ *xrúbón sb.m.: ON hrúór 
'crust, scab', OE fem. hrúde 'mange, 
scabies', OS hrutho 'scab', OHG rudo 
id. Related to *xrawaz (Torp NNEO 550). 
Cf. Lat crusta 'crusť < *kreu- 'blooď 
(Bucheler Kl. Schr. II 270). Torp-Falk 
106; Walde-Hofmann I 295 (against 
Bucheler); Holthausen AEE]\ 7 177; 
Pokorný I 621; Vrtes ANEW 261 (re- 
lated to Lat kreve 'scab'); Kluge-Seebold 
669. 

*xufan ~ *xufaz sb.n./m.: ON hoj 
'pagan temple', OE hoj 'dwelling, house, 
halí', OFris haf 'yarď, OS hof id., OHG 
hoj id. Related to *xaupaz (witír irregu- 
lar -p-). Torp-Falk 94; Holthausen 
AEEW 168; Pokorný I 591; Vries 
ANEW 246; Zalizniak II 168; Kluge- 
Seebold 379. 

*xufa-stačtiz sb.m.: ON hof-stadr 'sanctu- 
ary', OS hqf-stedi 'courť. Compound of 
*xufan ~ *xufaz and *stadiz. Carr Nom. 
comp. 83 (parallel formations). 

*xufraz sb.m.: OE hqfer 'hump, swelling', 
MLG hover id., MHG hover id. Close to 
Lith kupra id. Cf. also *xufan ~ *xufaz. 
Torp-Falk 94; Holthausen AEEW 168; 
Pokorný I 591; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
73; Fraenkel 314; Vries ANEW 274; 
Stang LS 31. 

*xu3diz sb.f: Goth ga-hugds 'perception, 



minď, ON -úd (in cmpn.), OE se-hy^d 
'thought, cogitation', OS gi-hugd id., 
OHG gi-hugt 'memory'. Derivative in IE 
*-ti- from *xuyjanan. KVluge PBB LX 
152-153; Collitz Prát. 13-14, 74-77 (on 
*-ti- > *-di- assimilated to root finál 
*-3-); Feist 184; Lehmann GED 139. 

*xu3Í-runó sb.f: ON pl. hug-rúnar 'magical 
runes', OE hy^e-rún 'secret of dre minď. 
Compound of *xu^iz ~ *xu^uz and *runo. 
Carr Nom. comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*xu3Í-bankaz ~ *xu3Í-bankon sb.m.: 
ON hug-p>okki 'mind, disposition, judg- 
menť, OE hy^e-danc 'thoughť. Com- 
pound of *xu$iz ~ *xu3uz and *pankaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*xu3Íz ~ *xu3uz sb.m.: Goth hugs 'under- 
standing, minď, ON hugr 'mind, mooď, 
OE hj>3e 'mind, heart, soul', OFris hei 
'minď, OS hugi id., OHG hugu 'mind, 
sense, spirit'. See *xu3Janan. Bopp Glos- 
sarium 380 (to Skt šaňkate 'to sway'); Fick 
BB XVII 320 (to Lat cupio 'to desire'); 
Uhlenbeck PBB XXII 541 (to Gk kukÚk) 
'to mix, to stir up'), XXX 293 (to *kugh- 
'to hide'); Charpentier BB XXX 153 
154; Torp-Falk 91; Mikkola BB XXII 
239 (to Lith kaukas 'pixie, goblin'); Hirt 
Ablaut 110 (from *kukí-, cf, Skt šúci- 
'bright, pure', further to Skt šócati 'to 
shine, to glow, to burn', Av part. saočint- 
'burning'); Wood MP XVII 572 (to 
Czech číhati 'to lie in waiť); Johansson 
PBB XVIII 37 (follows Hirt); Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 183; Feist 273; Pokorný 
I 596; Vries ANEW 265; Zalizniak II 
201; Lehmann GED 192-193 (to Skt kaví- 
'seer, sage, poet'); Bammesberger Nom. 
130. 

*xu3Janan wk.vb.: Goth hugjan 'to think', 
ON hyggja 'to think, to mean, to believe', 
OE hyc^an 'to think, to be midful', OFris 
'to think', OS huggian id., OHG 
'to remember, to hope'. Related to 
Hitt kunk- 'to weigh (?)', Lith ki{štú, kúšti 
'to start to move' (Woodhouse IF CTV 
211—213). For the semantic develop- 
ment cf. Lat pendo 'to weigh, to consi- 
der', G wágen 'to determine the weigh, to 



xu3janan 



191 



xulniz 



consider'. Fick BB XVII 320 (to Lat 
cupio 'to long, to desire'); Torp-Falk 91; 
Holthausen AEE]V 183; Feist 272-273; 
Fraenkel 321-322; Vries AMEW 274; 
Lehmann GED 192-193; Makovskii VJa 
XXXV/5 143 (to *xawwanan); Kluge- 
Seebold 379. 

*xu3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON huga 'to consider, 
to think', OE ho^ian 'to mind, to think', 
OFris hugia 'to diink', OS huggean id., 
OHG huggen id. See *xujjanan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 168; Vries AMEW 265. 

*xu35n sb.m.: ON hugi 'mind, mooď, OE 
/103a 'care', hoju 'care, worry'. Related to 
*xu3iz. Holthausen AEEW 168; Vries 
XY£ir265. 

*xulan sb.n.: ON hol 'cavity, hollow', OE 
hol 'covering', OFris hol 'den', OHG hol 
id. Substantivized *xulaz. Zupitza Gutt. 
185; Holthausen AEEh r 168; Feist 
274-275; Vries AME1V 247; Onions 444; 
Lehmann GED 194, 383. 

*xulaz adj.: ON holr 'hollow', OE hol id., 
OFris hol id., OS hol id., OHG hol id. 
Derived from *xelanan (Brugmann IF 
XXXIII 305-307). Karsten MB I 2; 
Zupitza Gutt. 185; Meyer MG]VG 1906 
187 (against Brugmann; to Skt kuly a 
'brook, ditch, channel', Gk kohAó^ 'stem, 
shafť, Lat caulis 'stem, penis'); Torp- 
Falk 81, 563; Holthausen AEEW 168; 
Porzig Gliederung 177; Pokorný I 537; 
Vries AMEW 248; Onions 444; Lehmann 
GED 383; Heidermanns 310-311; Kluge- 
Seebold 379-380. 

*xuldan sb.n.: ON hold 'flesh, meať, OE 
hold 'carcass, body'. Continues a partici- 
ple *(s)klto- of *(sjkel- 'to cuť. On the 
other hand, probably related to Mír 
colinn 'meať. Zupitza Gutt. 107; Torp- 
Falk 96 (to *kel- 'to strike'); Holthausen 
AEEW 169; Pokorný I 925; Dybo VSJa 
33 (to Lidi Šfaelt 'to spliť); Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 99; Vries AMEW 247. 

*xuldjanan wk.vb.: ON hylda 'to slash', 
OE hyldan 'to flay, to skin', holdian 'to cut 
open'. Derived from *xulian. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 183; Vries AMEW 274. 

*xuláón sb.f.: ON hulda 'hiding, secrecy', 



E hulí, OHG hulla 'cover, veil'. Cf. also 
ON prop. Huld < *xulió. Derived from 
*xelanan, cf. *xuljanan. Zupitza Gutt. 185; 
Torp-Falk 81; Holthausen AEE]V 177; 
Onions 451; Vries AMEW 266; Lehmann 
GED 193. 

*xulistran sb.n.: Goth hulistr 'cover, veil', 
OE heolstor 'darkness, veil, covering', Du 
holster 'holster'. Derivative in *-str-o- of 
*xuljanan (FvLUGE Mom. Stamm. 49-50). Cf. 
also *xuliso 'husk, pod': MLG hulse, OHG 
huba. Torp-Falk 81; Feist 274; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 156; Lehmann GED 193. 

*xuljanan wk.vb.: Goth huljan 'to cover', 
ON hylja 'to hide, to cover', OFris bi-hetta 
'to cover', OS bi-hullean id., OHG hullen 
id. Derived from an unattested aorist 
present based on *xelanan (Meillet BSL 
XX 25). Torp-Falk 81; Feist 274; 
Pokorný I 553; Vries ANEW 274; 
Seebold 252; Lehmann GED 193. 

*xulón ~ *xulín sb.f: ON holá 'hole', 
OHG holí id. Derived from *xulaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 184; Vries AMEW 
247 (to Gk KO^-iá 'hut, barn'). 

*xulkaz ~ *xulkan sb.m./n.: ON hólkr 
'metal tube', OE hole 'hollow, cavity'. Of 
unknown origin. To be separated from 
OE hule 'light ship', MLG hulk, holke 'ship 
of burden', OHG holco id. (despite 
Hetnertz PBB XLI 194) borrowed from 
Lat holcas id. < Gk oXxag id. Falk WuS 
IV 88; Holthausen AEEW 169, 177; 
Vries AMEW 247 (to *xulaz)\ Onions 451. 

*xulmaz sb.m.: ON hólmr 'isleť, OE 
holm 'mound, hill', OS holin 'hill'. Related 
to *xalluz ~ *xallaz. Reflects *klmo-, cf. 
Lat columen 'point, top, pillar' < *kelomn 
(Curtius Gr. Et. 153). Zupitza Gutt. 
106; Torp-Falk 82; Holthausen AEE]V 
169; Walde-Hofmann I 249-250; 
Pokorný I 544; Vries AMEW 248; Ler- 
chner 112, 117; Kluge-Seebold 381. 

*xulmjanan wk.vb.: ON hybná 'to hide, 
to conceal', OE for-hylman 'to cover over, 
to conceal'. Related to *xelmaz, *xelanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 184; Vries AMEW 
275. 

*xulniz sb.m.: OE hyll 'hill', Fris hel id., 



xulniz 



192 



xumlo(n) 



MDu hille id. Close to Lat collis 'hUT if the 
latter continues *klnis rather than *kolnis. 
See *xalluz ~ *xallaz. Zupitza Gutt. 106; 
Torp-Falk 82; Holthausen AEEW 183; 
Walde-Hofmann I 245; Pokorný I 544; 
Chemodanov SSGJa I 55; Onions 441. 

*xulojanan wk.vb.: Goth us-hulon 'to 
hollow ouť, ON holá 'to make hollow', 
OHG holon id. Derived from *xulaz. 
Feist 533; Vries ANEW 247; Lehmann 
GED 383; Heidermanns 310. 

*xultan sb.n.: ON holt 'wood, grove', OE 
holt id., OFris holt id., OS holt id., OHG 
holz 'wooď. Related to Gk kX«8o<; 
'branch', Mír caill 'foresť, W celli id., 
Corn celli 'nemus' < Celt *kaldi and Slav 
*kolda 'log' (Bezzenberger BB XVI 240). 
Zupitza Gutt. 121; Torp-Falk 84; 
Holthausen AEE]V 169; Trier Holz 
43-51; Borck Festschr. Trier 456- 
476; Pokorný I 546-547; Vries ANEW 
248; Zalizniak I 141; Onions 445; 
Trubachev ESSJa X 122-123; Kluge- 
Seebold 381. 

*xulbaz adj.: Goth hulps 'kind, element', 
ON hollr 'gracious, faithful', OE hold 
'kind, friendly, pleasanť, OFris hold 'fair, 
faithful', OS hold 'kind, dear, devoteď, 
OHG hold 'true, devoteď. Probably 
derived from *xalianan (Mezger K£ 
LXXXIII 150-152). Karsten VB II 
314-315; Wood AJPh XXIII 195-1956 
(to Skt šramyati 'to become weary'); 
Fortunatov BB VI 219 (to Skt káta- 
'twisť); Zupitza Gutt. 107; Torp-Falk 83; 
Feist 274; Gúntert Kalypso 91 (to *xul- 
janan); Royen Festschr. Schrijnen 713—716; 
Holthausen AEEW 169; Trier Lehm 
55-56; Pokorný I 552; Vries ANEW 
247-248; Scardigli Goten 70-71, 105 
106; Mezger K~ LXXXIII 150-152 
(to *xalpaz)\ Lehmann GED 193-194; 
Heidermanns 311-312; Kluge-Seebold 
380. 

*xulbln sb.f.: Burg *hulpi 'favor', ON hylli 
'grace, favor', OE hyldu 'kindness, favor', 
OFris helde 'goodwill, benevolence, favor', 
OS huldi id., OHG huldi id. Derived from 
*xulpaz. Torp-Falk 83; Holthausen 



AEEW 183; Vries ANEW 274-275; 
Lehmann GED 193; Kobler 711; Hei- 
dermanns 311; Kluge-Seebold 386-387. 

*xulbjanan wk.vb.: ON hylla 'to court 
one's friendship', OHG hulden 'to calm, to 
comforť. Derived from *xulpaz. Torp- 
Falk 83; Heidermanns 312. 

*xulbón I sb.m.: Goth un-hulpa 'devil', OE 
un-holda 'íienď, OFris holda 'friend', OS 
un-holdo 'devil', OHG holdo 'friend'. 
Derived from *xidpaz. Feist 520-521; 
Lehmann GED 193; Bammesberger Nom. 
179; Kluge-Seebold 848; Heidermanns 
311. 

*xulbón II sb.f: Goth un-hulpo 'fiend, 
she-devil', OHG un-holda 'monster'. 
See *xulpón I. Feist 520-521; Lehmann 
GED 193; Kluge-Seebold 848; Heider- 
manns 311. 

*xumaraz sb.m.: ON humarr 'lobster', 
LG hummer id. Structurally close to 
Gk KÓnapoc; 'lobster, aconite'. Zupitza 
Gutt. 208; Torp-Falk 95; Pokorný I 558; 
Vries ANEW 266; Frisk I 773. 

*xumalaz ~ *xumalon sb.m./f.: ON 
humall 'hop-planť, OE hymele id., MLG 
homele id. Together or via Slav *x~bmelb id. 
borrowed from the East (Kuhn KZ 
XXXV 313-314), cf. Chův pm/a id. < 
*qumlay. The latter goes back to Iranian: 
Osset xumiclltcg id. < *xaum-ala-ka- derived 
from *xauma- 'sacred drink, sóma' 
(Trubachev ESSJa VIII 143-144). Latě 
Lat humulus id. is probably from Gmc. 
Hirt PBB XXIII 338; Uhlenbeck AfslPh 
XV 485 (Slav < Gmc); Holthausen 
AEEW 184; Vries ANEl\ r 266; Onions 
447 (from Slav *xbmelb id.); Vasmer- 
Trubachev IV 249-250. 

*xumló(n) sb.f: Norw dial. humla 'bum- 
ble-bee', MLG hummel id., OHG humbala 
id. Cannot be separated from Slav 
*čbmelb id. but the phonetic details 
are not clear. Further cf. Lith hamané' 
id., OPrus camus id. Zupitza Gutt. 127; 
Meillet MSL XIV 367; Torp-Falk 
95; Lewy IF XXXII 162 (on OHG 
-b-)\ Vries ANEW 266; Fraenkel 212; 
Vasmer-Trubachev IV 459; Trubachev 



xumlo(n) 



193 



xuii3rjanan 



ESSJa IV 145-146; Toporov PJa III 
200-202; Kluge-Seebold 387. 

*xumpaz sb.m.: ON huppr 'hip', E hump, 
LG fem. humpe 'limp'. Related to Skt 
klimbá- 'thick end of a bone', Gk íeónpri 
'hollow of a vessď, Kunpóc; id., Mír comm 
'vessel'. Torp-Falk 94; Pokorný I 592; 
Vries ANE1\ T 267; Frisk II 48. 

*xuna3an sb.n.: ON hunang 'honey' (sec- 
ondary -n-), OE hunij id., OFris hunig id., 
OS honig, OHG honag id. A taboo-moti- 
vated innovation based on a color adjec- 
tive 'yellow', cf. Skt neut. kaňcaná- 'gold, 
money, wealth', Gk kvt|kÓ<; 'pale yellow', 
OPrus cucán 'brown'. Torp-Falk 93; 
Holthausen AEEW 178; Mayrhofer I 
195; Pokorný I 564-565; Vries ANEW 
266; Frisk II 882-883; Zalizniak I 141; 
Onions 446; Rluge-Seebold 382; Hil- 
marsson Mat. 181-182 (adds Toch B 
krofnjkše 'bee'). 

*xuna3a-sw5tuz adj.: ON hunang-scetr 
'sweet as honey', OE huni^-swéte id., MDu 
honich-soet id., MHG honec-súeze id. Com- 
pound of *xuna^an and *swotuz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 89 (parallel formations). 

*xunda-fadiz sb.m.: Goth hunda-faps 'cen- 
turion'. Identical with Skt šatá-pati- 'cap- 
tain'. Compound of *xunian and *faiiz. 
Feist 276; Benveniste BSL LVIII 45 
(independent latě formation); Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 107; Lehmann GED 195. 

*xundan sb.n.: Goth pl. hunda 'hundreď, 
OE hund id., OFris hund id., OS hund id., 
OHG hunt id. Identical with Lyc sňta, 
Toch A kdnt, B kaňte, Skt neut. šata- id., 
Av sahm id., Gk ékcxtÓv id., Lat centům 
id., Olr cit, Lith šiiňtas id., Slav *sr>to 
id. Zupitza Gutt. 187; Bartholomae 
1555; Torp-Falk 93; Trautmann BS1 V 
305; Holthausen AEEU 7 178; Walde- 
Hofmann I 200-201; Feist 275-276; 
Mayrhofer III 293; Pokorný I 192; 
Fraenkel 984; Frisk I 475; Onions 452- 
453; Vasmer-Trubachev III 761-762; 
Lehmann GED 194-195; Melchert St. 
Cowgill 202—203; Ross-Berns Mumerals 
620; Kluge-Seebold 388; Adams TB 139. 

*xunda-radan sb.n.: ON hundrao 'hun- 



dreď, OE hundred id., OFris hundred id., 
OS hundrod, hunderod id., MHG hundert id. 
Compound of *xundan and otherwise 
unattested *radan identical with Lat ratum, 
part. of reor 'to reckon, to believe'. See 
*rapjanan ~ *rap>ojanan. Torp-Falk 93, 
336; Walde-Hofmann II 429; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 178; Pokorný I 59, 192; 
Risch IF LXVII 129-141; Vries AMEW 
267; Onions 452-453; Peeters KZ XCII 
27-28; Bengston Diachronica IV 257-262; 
Ross-Berns Numerals 620 (difBcult -o- in 
OS); Kluge-Seebold 388. 

*xunčtarjan sb.n.: OSwed hundari 'com- 
pany (of one hundred)', OHG huntari id. 
Derived from *xunian. Derivationally cf. 
Lat centuria 'division of troops, company'. 
Torp-Falk 93; Walde-Hofmann I 201; 
Lehmann GED 195. 

*xundaz sb.m.: Goth hunds 'dog', ON 
hundr id., OE hund id., OFris hund id., OS 
hund id., OHG hunt id. Continues *kun-to- 
and is derivationally close to Latv deprec. 
súnt-ene 'big dog' (Osthoff Etym. I 
240-241; Persson Beitráge 585). Further 
related to the Indo-European word for 
'dog': Toch AB ku, Skt sván-, Av spa, Gk 
ícúcov, Lat canis, Olr cú, Lith šuo (Kuhn 
KZ I 380; Forstermann KZ I 493). 
Hirt FBB XXII 231-232; Osthoff Etym. 
240-241; Bugge KZ XXXII 54 (to Arm 
skund 'little dog' < *kuon-tá); Zupitza Gutt. 
187; Bartholomae 1610-1612; Torp- 
Falk 93; Holthausen AEEW 178; 
Walde-Hofmann I 152-153; Feist 276- 
277; Specht 422; Mayrhofer III 402; 
Pokorný I 632-633; Fraenkel 1033- 
1035; Vries .iVETI 7 267; Frisk II 58-59; 
Zalizniak I 1 33; Onions 449; Hamp FLH 
IV 137-138; Lehmann GED 195; Mel- 
chert MSS L 97-101; Kluge-Seebold 
388; Adams TB 1 79. 

*xun3rjanan ~ *xun3rójanan wk.vb.: 
Goth huggrjan 'to make to hunger', ON 
id., OE hyn^ran, hyn^rian id., OFris 
•era id., OS gi-hungrian id., OHG hun- 
garen id. Derived from *xun^ruz ~ *xun- 
xruz. Holthausen AEE]\ t 184; Feist 
272; Onions 453; Lehmann GED 193. 



xuii3ruz 



194 



xurxwaz 



*xun3ruz ~ *xunxruz sb.m.: Goth 
huhrus 'hunger', ON hungr id., OE hun^or 
id. (ff-stem), OFris hunger id., OS hungar 
id. (a-stem), OHG hungar id. (n-stem). 
Derivationally close to Hitt tangaranť 'not 
having eaten' (with assimilation) and Lith 
keňkras 'lean, emaciateď. Further to Skt 
káňksati 'to wish, to desire', Gk KÉyKEi' 
jtewá, Hom jtoA.t>KayKŤ|i; 'parching, very 
dry', KÓyKavoi; 'dry', Lith kaňká 'pain, 
torture' (Bezzenberger BB IV 357). 
Zupitza Gutt. 111, 132; Torp-Falk 70; 
Holthausen AEEW 178; Feist 273; 
Sohulze Kl. Schr. 329; Mayrhofer 
I 194; Pokorný I 565; Fraenkel 240; 
Vries ANEW 267; Frisk I 750-751; 
Zalizniak II 201; Onions 453; Lehmann 
GED 193; Bammesberger Nom. 161-162; 
Puhvel rV 48; Kluge-Seebold 388. 

*xunslan sb.n.: Goth hunsl 'sacrifice', ON 
húsl 'housel, eucharisť (from OE?), OE 
húsel id. Probably continues *kuns-lo-, a 
noun in *-lo- derivationally close to Av 
spanah- 'holiness' < *kuenes-. Further con- 
nected with Av spdnta- 'holý, sainť, Lith 
šveňtas id., Slav *sv(tt> id. (Fick I 767). 
Detter ^DADL XLII 55 (to *xunian, 
cf. Gk £KOiTÓ|ifir|); Zupitza Gutt. 187; 
Grienberger Got. 122 (to Lat canó 
'to sing'); Bartholomae 1612, 161 9 — 
1 621 ; Torp-Falk 93; Bezzenberger BB 
XXVII 151 (to Lith šusti 'to stew'); 
Osthoff Festschr. Fick 252-253 (to *xen- 
panan); Mekler Festschr. Fick 263 (to Gk 
Kaívto 'to kal'); Kook ANF XV 326; 
Braune PBB XLIII 417; Rooth PBB 
XLIX 114-118 (foUows Osthoff), Wortst. 
108; ZuprrzA Gutt. 50, 187; Torp-Falk 
93; Trautmann BSW 311; Holthausen 
AEEW 179; Feist 277; Trier PBB LXVI 
234 (to *xansS); Porzig Gliederung 167; 
Pokorný I 630; Fraenkel 1041-1042; 
Vries ANEW 268 (ON not from OE; fol- 
io ws Trter); Zalizniak I 141; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 585 (against Fick); 
Lehmann GED 195-196. 

*xunpiz ~ *xun|5o sb.f: Goth hunps 'cap- 
tivity, capture', OE húde 'prey, booty', 
OHG heri-hunda id. Derived from *xen- 



panan. Torp-Falk 70; Holthausen 
AEEW 179; Feist 277; Lehmann GED 
196; Bammesberger Nom. 58. 

*xupiz sb.m.: Goth hups 'hip', OE hype id., 
MLG hup id., OHG fem. hufiá. Glose to 
Gk ícúfSoc; 'hollow above the hips on cat- 
tle', W gogqf 'hollow, den' (< *upo-kubá). 
Zupitza Gutt, 208; Torp-Falk 93-94: 
Holthausen AEEW 184; Feist 277-278 
Pokorný I 589-590; Frisk II 39-40 
Zalizniak II 176; Onions 441; Lehmann 
GED 196; Bammesberger Nom. 130 (to 
Lat cuhare 'to lie'); Kluge-Seebold 386. 

*xupp5janan wk.vb.: ON hoppa 'to hop, 
to skip', OE hoppian 'to hop, to leap', 
MLG huppen id., MHG hupfen, hopfen id. 
Derived from *xupiz. Pedersen IF II 
304; Zupitza Gutt. 121; Torp-Falk 94 (to 
Gk KuPiatáco 'to tumble head foremosť); 
Holthausen AEEW 170; Vries ANEW 
248-249; Onions 447; Sanders Festschr. 
de Smet 411-417 (*xupd(n) > OE hopa 
'hope', OFris hope id., MLG hope id. is 
from *xuppojanan); Kluge-Seebold 389. 

*xurďiz ~ *xurbiz sb.f: Goth haurds 
'dooř', ON hurd id., OE hyrd id., OS hurth 
'netting', OHG hurd, hurt 'lattice, fence'. 
Etymologically identical with Lat cratis 
'wicker-work' and related to Skt krnátti 'to 
twist, to spin', OPrus corto 'fence' and the 
like. Zupitza Gutt. 111; Torp-Falk 77; 
Schrader-Nehring II 557; Holthausen 
AEE]V 184; Feist 250; Walde-Hofmann 
I 285-286; Mayrhofer I 257; Pokorný 
I 584; Vries ANE]V 267-268; Zalizniak 
1151; Onions 453; Lehmann GED 179- 
180; Kluge-Seebold 389. 

*xurxwaz ~ *xurxwan sb.m./n.: ON 
hon 'mucus', OE horh, hor$ 'phlegm, 
rheum', OS horu 'excrements, dirť, OHG 
horo id. Of imitative origin. Much 
ZDADL XLII 169 (to Olr corcach 
'swamp'); Lidén SVSU VI/1 50 (to Skt 
kalká- 'paste, dirt, sin'); Zupitza Gutt. 72, 
109; Torp-Falk 95; Holthausen AEEh' 
170; Schulze Kl. Schr. 113 (to Lith šiřvas 
'grey'); Krogmann K£ LXIV 130—136 
(to Gk KÉp^voc; 'rough excrescence' 
and its cognates); Specht K^ LXIV 136— 



xurxwaz 



195 



xuson 



137; Porzig Gliederung 111; Pokorný 
I 573; Vries ANEW 249; Zalizniak II 
168. 

*xurxaz sb.m.: ON hon 'starvation'. 
Identical with Skt krsa- 'emaciated, lean, 
weak', Av hrssa- 'lean, meager' (in 
cmpn.) (Uhlenbeok PBB XXXV 172). 
Further to Lidi kárštu, káršti 'to reach old 
age, to grow decrepiť. Zupitza Gutt. 
109; Bartholomae 469; Mayrhofer I 
262; Pokorný I 581; Fraenkel 223-224, 
BS 60; Vries ANEW 249. 

*xurjan ~ *xurjaz sb.n./m.: Goth hauri 
'coal, ember', ON hyn 'embers of fire' 
(partly *xuriz). Related to Lith kurií, kúrti 
'to heať, Slav *kuriti 'to smoke' (Schef- 
telwoitz BB XXVIII 305; Petersson 
Au/s. 40-41). Bugge KZ XXXII 51 (to 
Arm krak 'fire'); Uhlenbeck Altind. \Vh. 
62 (to Gk Kaíto 'to burn'); Zupitza Gutt. 
114; Torp-Falk 75; Feist 250; Pokorný 
I 571-572; Fraenkel 319; Vries ANEW 
275-276; Zalizniak II 213; Fraenkel 
319; Lehmann GED 180; Trubachev 
ESSJa XIII 123-125; Dybo BSA 16. 

*xurna-bu3on sb.m.: ON horn-bogi 'horn- 
bow', OE horn-boja id., MHG hom-boge 
id. Compound of *xurnan and *bu^on. 
Carr Nom. comp. 73 (parallel formations). 

*xurna-fiskaz sb.m.: ON horn-Jiskr 
'garfish', OE horn-fsc id. Compound of 
*xuman and *fiskaz. Carr Nom. comp. 74 
(parallel formations). 

*xurnan sb.n.: Goth haurn 'horn', ON hom 
id., OE hom id. (mase.), OFris horn id., 
OS horn id., OHG horn id. Closely re- 
lated to Lat cornu id., Skt neut. šfňga- id., 
probably built on the unattested nomina- 
tive in -g of the originál *krn-. Belongs to 
IE *ker- 'head, horn'. Petersson SVSL I 
5-7; Zupitza Gutt. 186; Torp-Falk 
75-76; Holthausen AEEW 170; Walde- 
Hofmann I 276; Feist 251; Pokorný I 
576; Mayrhofer III 369-370; Vries 
ANEW 249; Zalizniak I 141; Onions 
448; Lehmann GED 180; Bammesberger 
Nom. 73; Nussbaum Head passim; Kluge- 
Seebold 383. 

*xurnin3az ~ *xurnun3az sb.m.: ON 



hornungr 'bastard', OE hornun^-sunu id., 
OFris horning id., MLG horninc id., OHG 
hornung 'February'. Derived from *xurnan 
(Uhlenbeok A^XL 555). Zupitza Gutt. 
207 (to Gk KÚpvoq 'bastard', secondarily 
associated widr *xuman); Holthausen 
AEEW 170; Vries ANEW 249. 

*xurnjanan wk.vb.: Godr haurnjan 'to 
blow a horn', OHG humen 'to equip with 
horns'. Derived from *xurnjan. Feist 
251; Lehmann GED 180. 

*xurnjón sb.f: ON hyrna 'one of the horns 
of an axe-heaď, OE hyrne 'angle', OFris 
herně id. Derived from *xurnan. For the 
semantic development cf. Slav *rogb 
'horn, corner'. Torp-Falk 76; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 184; Vries ANEW 275. 

*xurska-líkaz adj.: ON horsk-ligr 'brave, 
wise, noble', OHG adv. horsc-lihho 'lively, 
resolutely, quickly'. Derived from *xur- 
skaz. Heidermanns 313. 

*xurskaz adj.: ON horskr 'wise', OE horsc 
'quick, ready, active', OS horsk 'rapid, 
eager', OHG horsc 'swift, fast, lively'. Of 
unknown origin. Froehde BB XIV 1 05 
(to Lat curro 'to run'); FvArsten NB II 
294-295; Zupitza Gutt. 125 (to Lat 
serútari 'to investigate'); Torp-Falk 79; 
Schwentner PBB XLVIII 80-81; Feist 
49; Holthausen AEEW 170; Pokorný I 
579 (to Gk KÉpSoc; 'gain, advantage', W 
cerdd 'arť); Jóhannesson Suff. 29 (from 
*xurp-skaz); Vries ANEW 249-250; Leh- 
mann GED 37; Heidermanns 313. 

*xurstiz sb.m.: Norw dial. růst 'grove, 
wooď, OE hyrst 'copse, wooď, MLG 
horst, hurst 'bush', OHG hurst id. Related 
to W prys 'grove' < *k'-'rsto-, Slav *xvorstt> 
'bush, oak, firewooď (with an unclear 
*x-). Torp-Falk 78; Pokorný I 633. 

*xusón sb.f: ON hosa 'hoše, gaiter', 
OE hoše id., OS hosa 'trousers', OHG 
hosa 'hoše, gaiter'. Of unknown origin. 
Zupitza Gutt. 128; Torp-Falk 96; 
Holthausen AEEW 171; Pokorný I 953 
(to Gk ručme; 'bladder'); Vries ANEW 
250 (to Skt kosa- 'cupboarď); Zalizniak 
II 177; Onions 448; Iíluge-Seebold 
385. 



sčtan 



196 



xusan 



*xuzdan sb.n.: Goth huzd 'treasure', ON 
fem. hodd id., OE hord id., OS hord, horth 
id., OHG hort id. Of uncertain origin. 
Brugmann IF VI 103-104 (together 
with Gk kÚoSoc; 'female genitals', from 
*kudh-to-); Johansson IF XIX 129-130; 
Schmidt KZ XXV 166-167; Zupitza 
Gutt. 96, 128; Torp-Falk 96; Debrunner 
IF Lil 228; Holthausen AEEW 170; 
Feist 278-279; Pokorný I 953 (to 
*xudjanaii); Vries ANE]V 246; Zalizniak 
II 174; Onions 443; Lehmann GED 196; 
Kluge-Seebold 384 (to Gk keOOoq 
'depth, inside'). 

*xuzďjanan ~ *xuzdójanan wk.vb.: 
Goth huzdjan 'to treasure up, to store up, 
to gather', OE hordian 'to hoard, to store', 
MHG gi-hurten id. Derived from *xuzdan. 
Feist 278; Lehmann GED 196. 

*xúb5n sb.f.: ON húfa 'cap, hooď, OE húfe 
'covering for the heaď, OFris húve, houwe 
'cap, hooď, OS huna id., OHG huba id. 
Related to Skt kakúbh- 'peak, summit', Gk 
Ktjcpót; 'bent, crookeď, Slav *kubt> 'vessel, 
poť or to Skt kupa- 'hole, cave, well', Gk 
KÚ7IT1- xpróyA.r| (Hes.), Lat cúpa 'barrel'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 104, 128; Torp-Falk 94; 
Holthausen AEEW 177, 183; Walde- 
Hofmann I 310-311; Mayrhofer I 135, 
253; Pokorný I 590-591; Vrtes ANEW 
264-265; Onions 442; Frisk II 52-53; 
Zalizniak II 180; Trubachev ESSJa 
XIII 77-78; Kxuge-Seebold 360. 

*xúďiz sb.f: ON húi 'hide, skin', OE hýd 
id., OFris hěde, hud id., OS hud id., OHG 
hut id. Related to Gk kÚtoc; 'cover, hide', 
Lat cutis 'hide', W cwd 'bag, testicle', Lith 
kutys 'bag' (Siebs KZ XXXVII 282). Cf 
also WGmc *xu\>an 'testicle': OFris hotha, 
MDu hode, OHG hodo. Torp-Falk 
92; Holthausen AEE]V 183; Walde- 
Hofmann I 320; Pokorný I 952; 
Fraenkel 323; Vries ANEW 264; Frisk 
II 57; Zalizniak I 151; Onions 440; 
Lehmann GED 196; Fvluge-Seebold 361; 
Dybo VSJa 12, BSA 35-36 (with shorten- 
ing in the oxytonic stem). 

*xúďjanan wk.vb.: OE hýdan 'to hide', 
OFris hěda id., MLG húden id. Related to 



Gk keÚSco 'to cover, to hide', kekÚBco 
'to conceal' (Nowigki KZ XCII 187). 
Torp-Falk 92; Holthausen AEEW 183; 
Pokorný I 952; Frisk I 834; Onions 440; 
Lehmann GED 310. 

*xukěnan wk.vb.: ON húka 'to sit on one's 
hams' (but part. hokinn indicates a str.vb.), 
MLG húken id., MHG húchen id. Probably 
based on *xawwanan. Torp-Falk 91; 
Kluge-Seebold 378; Adams TB 180 (to 
Toch B kuk- 'to bow down'). 

*xúnaz sb.m.: ON pl. Húnar, Hýnir 'Huns', 
OE pl. Húnas id., OHG pl. Huni id. 
Attested in Lat Hunní, Chunní, Gk Oúvvoi. 
Adaptation of Chinese Hiung-nu. Much 
]VuS I 45 (secondarily influenced by 
*xúnaz ~ *xúno); Sghrader-Nehring I 
517; Vries ANEW 266. 

*xúnaz ~ *xúno sb.m.: ON húnn 'knob, 
bear-cub', MDu hune 'crow's nesť. 
Identical with Lith kunas 'body, meať, 
Latv kunis 'body, chrysalis'. Zupitza 
Gutt. 208; Torp-Falk 92-93 (to Skt íuná- 
'swollen'); Pokorný I 592; Fraenkel 310; 
Vries ANE1\ t 267. 

*xúsa-laukaz sb.m.: Icel hús-laukr 'house- 
leek', latě ME house-leek id., MLG hús-lok 
id., OHG hůs-louh id. Compound of 
*xúsan and Haukaz. Carr Mom. comp. 74 
(Icel < OHG). 

*xúsa-lausaz adj.: ON hús-lauss 'without 
a house', OFris hus-lás id., MHG hús-los 
id. Compound of *xúsan and Hausaz. 
Carr Mom. comp. 89 (parallel formations). 

*xúsan sb.n.: Goth gud-hus 'temple', Crim. 
Goth hus 'house', ON hús id., OE hús id., 
OFris hus id., OS hus id., OHG hús id. 
Borrowed from a phonetically advanced 
East Iranian *xuz ~ *xud < Irán *kata-, cf. 
Av kata- 'room, cellar' (also borrowed 
to ESlav *xata 'house', probably via 
OHung). Notě a similarity of *xúsan and 
Yns *xús 'tent of skin and bark', probably 
explained by the Iranian origin of the lat- 
ter. Irán *kata- may be also in some 
obscure relation with Gmc *xě]jjón > 
Goth hepjo 'chamber' (Bartholomae 
ZdWfVl 355). Grimm DM I 922 (from 
*kúdh-s-o, cf. Gk KeíSo^ 'hiding-place'); 



xusan 



197 



xwalbaz 



Schmidt K£ XXV 1 66 (samé as Grimm); 
Bezzenberger BB XXVGII 146 (to Lith 
kútis 'stable'); Patrubány IF XIII 163; 
Zupitza Gutt. 128; Grienberger Got. 112 
(reconstructs Goth hepjo < *heipjo); 
Bartholomae 432; Torp-Falk 92 (to 
*xúajanan); Holthausen AEE\V 178 (to 
Skt kosa- 'cupboarď); Feist 223-224 
(to Hitt kuttaš Valí'), 254-255 (Goth hepjo 
to OFris hode 'supervision, protection', 
MLG hode id., OHG huot id.); Pokorný I 
586-587, 953 (related to *xuson); Vries 
ANEW 268; Zalizniak I 141; Onions 
450; Lehmann GED 161 (to *keuH- 'to 
cover, to surrounď), 182; Starostin KS 
155; Trubachev ESSJa VIII 21-22; 
Kluge-Seebold 360; Adams TB 234 (to 
Toch B kwaso 'village'). 

*xúsjanan wk.vb.: ON hýsa 'to house, to 
harbor', OFris húsia id., MLG husen id. 
Derived from *xůsan. Vries A/VET I 7 276. 

*xúsójanan wk.vb.: ON husa 'to build 
houses', OE húsian 'to house', MDu husen, 
huysen id., MHG husen 'to build a house'. 
Derived from *xusan. Vries ANE1 1 ' 268. 

*xwadrět adv.: Goth kvádre 'whereto, 
whither', OE hwteder 'whither'. Derived 
from the pronominal stem *xwa- (see 
*xwat). Holthausen AEElť 179; Feist 
279; Lehmann GED 197. 

*xwainó sb.f: Swed dial. hven 'low and 
swampy fielď. Glose to Lat caenum, coenum 
'dirť < *k"oino- (Zupitza Gutt. 53). 
Torp-Falk 118; Walde-Hofmann 1131— 
132; Pokorný I 628; Chemodanov SSGJa 
I 55; Vries ANEW 270. 

*xwaitja-kurnan sb.n.: ON hveiti-kom 
'grain of wheať, OE hwdte-corn id. Com- 
pound of *xwaitjaz and *kuman. Carr 
Nom. comp. 74 (parallel formations). 

*xwaitja-melwan sb.n.: ON hveiti-mjql 
'flour', OE hwdte-melu id. Compound of 
*xwaitjaz and *melwan. Carr Mom. comp. 
74 (parallel formations). 

*xwaitjaz sb.m.: Goth hiaiteis 'wheať, ON 
neut. hveiti id., OE hwéte id., OFris hwete 
id., OS hwěti id., OHG (h)weizi id. 
Connected wiťh *xwttaz, cf. Bret gwiniz 
'wheať ~ gwenn 'white' (Hoops IVald- 



bdume 356). Wiedemann BB XXVII 2 1 3 
(to Slav *cvbtq 'to blossom'); Meyer Alb. 
St. III 51 (to Gk cítoi; 'grain' borrowed 
from a satam-language); Zupitza Gutt. 54; 
Torp-Falk 118; Holthausen AEEW 
179; Feist 280-281; Pokorný I 629; 
Vries ANEW 270; Zalizniak II 168; 
Onions 1001; Lehmann GED 197; Ramat 
Gedenkschr. Gúntert 7 1 ; Bammesberger 
Nom. 67; Kluge-Seebold 884. 

*xwajan sb.n.: OE hwés 'whey', WFris 
waei id., MDu wey id. Identical wiťh Skt 
káya- 'body' further connected with cinóti 
'to put in layers, to thread, to string', Gk 
Ttoiero 'to make, to produce'. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 179 (to Arm šičuk id.); 
Pokorný I 637-638; Onions 1002. 

*xwala-fiskaz sb.m.: ON koal-fiskr 
'whale', MLG wal-visch id., OHG wal-jisc 
id. Compound of *xwalaz and *fiskaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 84 (parallel formations). 

*xwalaz sb.m.: ON hvalr 'whale' (pardy 
*xwatiz), OE hwiel id., OS hwal id., OHG 
hwal, wal id. Of unknown origin. Ltdén 
Festschr. Bugge 91 (to Lat squalus 'big sea 
íish'), GHA XXVI/2 91 (to OPrus kalu 
'sheat-fish'); Petersson SVSL I 80 (from 
*kuob-lo-); Zupitza Gutt. 55; Torp-Falk 
1 1 7; Holthausen AEE]\' 1 79; Pokorný I 
958; Vries ANEW 268-269; Zalizniak 
II 187; Onions 1000-1001 (to OPrus 
kališ); Stang LS 26; Sevilla Rodriguez 
JIES XVII 177-180 (to Av kára-, Gk 
aoTiakoc,); Kluge-Seebold 872. 

*xwalfoan ~ *xwalfoon sb.n./m.: ON 
hválf 'concavity', OE fem. hwealf 'arched 
covering', OS hwolvo 'hollow brick', OHG 
walbo id. Related to Gk kÓA.jto<; 'bosom, 
hollow'. Derived from *xwelbanan, *xwal- 
baz. Zupitza Gutt. 54; Torp-Falk 1 1 7 
Holthausen AEEW 180; Pokorný I 630 
Vries ANEW 268; Frisk I 904-905 
Onions 1001; Seebold 281; Lehmann 
GED 200; Kluge-Seebold 873. 

*xwalfoaz adj.: Icel í-hvolfi 'something 
vaulteď, OE hwealf 'arched, vaulteď. 
Derived from *xwelíanan. Karsten NB I 
41-42; Wissmann NF 25; Holthausen 
AEEW 180; Heidermanns 314. 



xwalbjanan 



198 



xwassin 



*xwalbjanan wk.vb.: ON hvelfa 'to arch, 
to vaulť (strong part. holfinn), OE be-hwyl- 
fan 'to cover', OS bi-hwelbian 'to hide', 
OHG bi-welben 'to surround, to enclose'. 
Derived from *xwelbanan. Torp-Falk 
117; Holthausen AEE]V 182; Vries 
ANEW 211; Onions 1001; Seebold 281; 
Lehmann GED 200; Kluge-Seebold 896. 

*xwalb5janan wk.vb.: ON hválfa 'to turn 
upside down', OHG zisamane-gi-walbon 'to 
come together, to gather'. Derived from 
*xwelbanan, *xwalbaz. Seebold 281. 

*xwan(n)ai adv.: Goth han 'when', OE 
hwďnne, hwanne id., OFris hwenne id., OS 
hwan id., OHG hwanne, wanne, wenne id. 
Derived from *xwa- (see *xwat). Gf. Olr 
can, W pan id. and probably OPrus kan 
'when'. Schmidt R'Z XXXII 402 (instr. 
in *-n- ~ Av -na); Paul PBB IV 385-388 
(to Av kam 'how', OLat quom 'when'); Dal 
Pr. 39-40 (WGmc loc. in *-%-); Torp- 
Falk 1 14; Holthausen AEE]V 180; Feist 
281; Pokorný I 644-645; Onions 1001; 
Lehmann GED 198; Kluge-Seebold 874. 

*xwapan sb.n.: ON kvap 'dropsical flesh'. 
Originally, *'steam, vapor'. Despite the 
irregular dvelopment of *-p-, related 
to Gk Kánoe;' yvxh, 7tveí>|ja (Hes.), Lith 
kvapas 'breath' further connected wiťh 
IE *kuep- 'to breathe'. Curtius Gr. Et. 
142 (to Lat uappa 'fiat wine'); Feist 7; 
Pokorný I 596; Fraenkel 325-326; 
Frisk I 781-782; Lehmann GED 5. 

*xwapjanan wk.vb.: Goth af-tvapjaii 'to 
choke, to extinguish', MHG ver-wepfen 'to 
become fusty (of wine)'. Derived from 
*xwapan. Torp-Falk 115; Feist 7; Leh- 
mann GED 5. 

*xwar ~ *xwěr adv.: Goth Ivar 'where', 
ON hvar id., OE hw/ér id., OFris hwer id., 
OS hwar id., OHG hwar, war id. Derived 
from the pronominal stem *xwa- (see 
*xwat). The suffix *-r- appears in Arm ur 
'where', Lat cúr, OLat quor 'why', Lith kuř 
'where', Alb kur 'when'. Goth tvarjis 
'which', ON hverr 'who' continue *xwar 
jaz wiťh the second component from *jaz 
< *ios 'who, which': Sktjáh, Avjio, Gk oc, 
(Schmidt K£ XXXII 401, Plut: 43). A 



similar structure is reconstructed for Alb 
kush 'who' < *k"u-so- (Meillet Idg. Jb. I 
13; Orel LB XXX/1 57-58). Bar- 
tholomae 1199-1227; Torp-Falk 114; 
Holthausen AEEW 179; Walde- 
Hofmann I 313; Feist 281-282; Mayr- 
hoeer III 14; Pokorný I 644-645 
Fraenkel 314; Vries ANEW 269, 272 
Onions 1002; Lehmann GED 198 
Kluge-Seebold 895; Orel AKT) 206- 
207. 

*xwarban ~ *xwarbaz sb.n./m.: ON 
hvarf 'disappearance, circle', OE hwearf 
'turn, space, change, corwď, OFris hwarj 
'time', OS hwarj 'crowď, OHG fem. 
warba 'turn'. Derived from *xwerbanan. 
Torp-Falk 116; Holthausen AEEW 
180; Pokorný I 631; Vries ANEW 269; 
Zalizniak II 169. 

*xwarbjanan wk.vb.: ON hverfa 'to make 
to turn', OE hwirfan 'to turn, to revolve', 
OS gi-hwervian id., OHG werben id. De- 
rived from *xwerbanan. Torp-Falk 116; 
Holthausen AEEW 182; Vries ANEW 
271; Seebold 283; Lehmann GED 197. 

*xwarbójanan wk.vb.: Goth tvarbon 'to 
walk about, to wander', ON hvarf a 'to 
turn round, to wander', OE hwearfian 
'to turn, to change', OS hwarbon 'to walk 
abouť, OHG warbon id. Derived from 
*xwarban ~ *xwarbaz. Torp-Falk 1 1 6; 
Holthausen AEEW 180; Feist 282; 
Vries ANEW 269; Seebold 283; Leh- 
mann GED 197. 

*xwassaz adj.: Goth adv. tvassaba 
'sharply', ON hvass 'pointed, sharp', 
OE hwies 'sharp, keen', OHG hwas 
'sharp'. Derived from *xwataz, *xwetanan. 
Aufrecht KZ I 472-474 (to Lat catus 
'sharp'); Karsten NB II 344; Zupitza 
Gutt. 56; Torp-Falk 115; Feist 282; 
Holthausen AEE1\' 179; Pokorný I 
636; Vries ANEW 269; Seebold 284; 
Bammesberger Nom. 251-252; Heider- 
manns 315-316; Kluge-Seebold 888. 

*xwassin sb.f: Goth tvassei 'sharpness', 
OS hwessi id., OHG wassT id. Derived 
from *xwassaz. Feist 282; Heidermanns 
315. 



xwat 



199 



xwe3wlan 



*xwat pron.: Goth tva 'whať (loss of -t in 
an unaccented position?), ON hvat id., 
OE hwiet id., OFris kmet id., OS hmat id., 
OHG hwaz id. Identical with IE *k'od 
id.: Skt kad, Lat quod. The loc. of the 
samé stem (identical with Lith kaí 'how') 
appears in *xwai we > Goth tvaiwa 'how', 
OHG hwio id. where *wě goes back to IE 
*uě 'or': Skt vS, Av va, cf. also a variant 
with short *e in Gk T)-pé, Lat -ne, 
Moller Idg. An Z . XXXIII 58 (derives 
Goth řva from *k'om); 79; Schulze Lat. 5 
(Goth tv-aiwa to Skt éva- 'walk'); Torp- 
Falk 114; Bartholomae 1306-1310; 
Hujer IF XXIV 7 1 (*xwai we < *k"o-oiuos, 
to Gk noioi; 'of what kinď); Walde- 
Hofmann II 411, 740; Feist 279, 281; 
Mezger JEGP XLI 508-509 (recon- 
structs *xwlxwe); Mayrhofer I 192, III 
180; Pokorný I 75, 644-646; Vries 
ANEW 269; Onions 1001; Hollifield 
Sprache XXV 55 (reconstructs *xwai wo); 
Lehmann GED 197-199; Kluge-Seebold 
876, 885, 889. 

*xwataz adj.: ON hvatr 'bold, active, vig- 
orous', OE hwtet 'quick, active, vigorous', 
OS mén-hwat 'nefarious'. Derived from 
*xwetanan. Karsten MB I 56; Jurmann 
KZ XI 399 (to Lat tňquětrus 'three- 
cornereď); Zupitza Gutt. 56; Torp-Faek 
115; Holthausen AEEW 179; Endzelen 
KZ LI 290 (to Latv skadrs 'sharp'); Feist 
184-185; Pokorný I 636; Vries ANEW 
270; Onions 1002; Seebold 284; Leh- 
mann GED 139; Heidermanns 316; Kluge- 
Seebold 887-888. 

*xwatjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-tvotjan 'to 
whet, to sharpen' (leg. ga-tvatjan), ON 
hvetja 'to whet, to sharpen, to encourage', 
OE hwettan id., MLG wetten 'to sharpen', 
OHG hwezzen, wezzen id. Derived from 
*xwataz. Torp-Faek 115; Feist 184; 
Vries ANEW 272; Onions 1002; See- 
bold 284; Lehmann GED 139; Heider- 
manns 316; Kluge-Seebold 887-888. 

*xwabaraz ~ *xwebaraz adj., pron.: 
Goth tvapar 'which of two', ON hvadarr 
id., OE hwieber, hweier id., OFris hweder, 
' id., OS hwethar id., OHG wedar id. 



Comparative in *-ter- based on *xwa- (see 
*xwat). Identical with Skt katará- id., Av 
kataro id., Gk jtóxepoi; id., Ose pútúrúspíd 
'utrique', Lith katrás 'which of two', Slav 
*kotort> 'which'. Bartholomae 433- 
434; Torp-Falk 114; Trautmann BSW 
120-121; Holthausen AEEW 179-180; 
Feist 283; Mayrhofer I 148; Pokorný I 
645-646; Fraenkel 229; Vries ANEW 
268; Frisk II 586; Onions 1002; 
Lehmann GED 199; Kluge-Seebold 
878. 

*xwabe adv.: Goth tvap 'where to, 
whither'. From IE *k"o-te similar to Hitt 
kuwatta(n) 'where' and, probably, Gk jtóae 
'where to' (Sturtevant AJPh L 364). See 
*xwat. Meillet MSL XLX 93 (on dre 
suffix *-te); Feist 282-283; Chantraine 
921-922; Tischler HEG 698-700; 
Lehmann GED 199. 

*xwabón sb.f: Goth tvapo 'foam', Swed 
dial. hwS id. Connected with Skt kváthati 
'to boil'. Zupitza Gutt. 56 (to Lat quatio 
'to shake'); Feist 283; Mayrhofer I 283; 
Pokorný I 627-628; Lehmann GED 199. 

*xwaz ~ *xwez pron.: Goth hlas 'who', 
ON hverr id., OSwed hva, hvar id., OE 
hwá id., OFris hwa id., OS hwě id., OHG 
hwer id. Continues IE *k*os id.: Skt káh, Av 
kS, Lidr kas. See *xwat. Bartholomae 
422-427; Torp-Falk 114; Holthausen 
AEEW 179; Feist 282; Porzig Gliederung 
198; Mayrhofer I 192; Pokorný I 644- 
645; Fraenkel 199; Vries ANEW 271; 
Onions 1004; Lehmann GED 198-199; 
Kluge-Seebold 885. 

*xwe3wlan ~ *xwexwlan sb.n.: ON 
hjól, hvel 'wheel', OE hweól, hweo^ul, hwe- 
owol id., OFris fial id., MLG wěl id. 
Continues IE *k"ek"lo- id.: Toch A kukal, 
B kokale 'cart, wagon', Skt cakrá- 'wheel', 
Av čaxro id., Gk kÚkXoc; 'circle' (Reichelt 
ZFXL 58), Phryg kik^tiv ttiv apKxov xo 
aoxpov. Opúyet;, Hes. (Fick BB XXLX 
239). Olson ANF XXXI 14; Zupitza 
Gutt. 65; Bartholomae 576; Torp-Falk 
116-117; Holthausen AEEW 181; 
Mayrhofer I 366; Pokorný I 639-640; 
Vries ANEW 232, 270; Frisk II 44-45; 



xwe3wlan 



200 



xwernm 



Onions 1001; Adams TB 200; Burlak 
IFTJa 241-242. 

*xwek5janan wk.vb.: ON hvika 'to quail, 
to shrink, to waver', MDu wicken 'to 
move back and forth'. Of descriptive 
origin. Hirt BB XXIV 253 (to Slav 
*čeznqti 'to disappear'); Zupitza Gutt. 58 
(to Lat conquimsco 'to bend, to squať), 
197; Torp-Falk 114-115; Vries AKEW 
272. 

*xwelfoanan str.vb.: ON part. holjinn 'to 
curve', OFris bi-wolven 'obrutus' (hap. 
leg.), MHG pret. sg. walb 'to expanď. See 
*xwalban ~ *xwalbon. Torp-Falk 1 1 7; 
Jóhannesson IEW 263; Pokorný I 630; 
Vries /L/VETT 247; Seebold 281. 

*xwellanan str.vb.: Icel hvella 'to ring 
ouť, OE hwelan 'to roar, to bellow'. Prob- 
ably related to Toch B kul 'bell' (Adams 
TB 185). Torp-Falk 116; Holthausen 
AEEW 180; Vries AME]\ 7 271 (to *xwel- 
paz); Heidermanns 318. 

*xwellaz adj.: ON hvellr 'shrilling, thrill- 
ing', OHG hwel 'importunate'. Derived 
from *xwellanan. Karsten JVB II 219; 
Zupitza Gutt. 49, 57; Torp-Falk 116; 
Heidermanns 318. 

*xwelpaz sb.m.: ON hvelpr 'whelp', OE 
hwelp id., OS hwelp id., OHG neut. welf 
id. A phonetically irregular development 
of IE *g"elbh-: Skt gárbha- 'womb', Av 
garsna- id., Gk SeXqróc; id. The Germanic 
form appears to reflect a consonantally 
shifted *k"elb-. Suolahti AKT 17-18; 
Zupitza Gutt. 57; Schroder ^dPh 
XXXVII 393-394; Torp-Falk 117 (to 
Gk aKtAai; 'cub, puppy'); Schrader- 
Nehrtng II 336 (to Lat uolpés 'fox' < 
*g"olpi-)\ Holthausen AEEW 181; May- 
rhofer I 329; Pokorný I 473; Vries 
ANEW 11\ (to *xwellanan); Frisk I 363; 
Zalizniak I 133; Onions 1001; Kluge- 
Seebold 884. 

*xweraz sb.m.: ON hverr 'cauldron', OE 
hwer 'kettle, poť, OHG hwer, wer 'caul- 
dron'. Related to Toch B keru 'drum', Skt 
carů- 'vessel, poť, Olr coire 'kettle', W pair 
id., Corn pér id. Zupitza Gutt. 57; 
Torp-Falk 116; Holthausen AEElf 



181; Mayrhofer I 377; Pokorný I 642; 
Vries AMW 111; Zalizniak I 133; 
Lehmann GED 197; Van Wtndekens I 
216; Adams TB 195. 

*xwerbalaz ~ *xwerbulaz adj.: ON 
hverfull 'shifty, changeable', OE hwurful 
'changeable, fickle', OHG sina-werbal 
'ronndeď. Derived from *xwerbanan. 
Karsten MB II 286; Holthausen AEEW 
183; Bammesberger Festschr. Derolez 26— 
29; Heidermanns 319-320. 

*xwerbanan str.vb.: Goth tvairban 'to go 
around, to walk, to live, jtepiJtaxeív', ON 
hverfa 'to turn rounď, OE hweorfan 'to 
turn, to change', OFris hwerva 'to turn', 
OS hwerban 'to go back and forth', OHG 
werban 'to turn'. Related to Toch B kurp- 
'to be concerned wiťh' (Adams TB 184- 
185). Kirchhoff K^ I 39; Sohrader 
£7X 473 (to Gk Kapjtó^ 'wrisť); Zupitza 
Gutt. 57 (to Skt neut. šurpa- 'winnowing 
basket'); Hirt BB XXIV 253 (to Slav 
*svbrdlo 'drill' < *s~obrb-dló); Fick BB 
XXLX 239 (to Phryg Kopúpavxs.;); Torp- 
Falk 116; Feist 279-280; Holthausen 
AEEW 181; Jóhannesson IEW 261-262 
Pokorný I 631; Vries AMEW 111 
Seebold 282-284; Lehmann GED 197 
Kluge-Seebold 885. 

*xwerbaz adj.: Goth toeila-tvairbs 'tempo- 
rary, transienť, ON koerfi 'shifty', OE 
hweorf 'turning about, shifting', OHG 
sina-werf 'smooth, polisheď. Derived 
from *xwerbanan. Karsten JVB I 24—25; 
Holthausen AEE\ V 181; Feist 284; See- 
bold 282; Bammesberger Mom. 241; 
Heidermanns 318-319. 

*xwerbilaz sb.m.: ON hvhfill 'circle, ring, 
crown of the heaď, OHG wirbil 'plec- 
trum'. Derived from *xwerbanan. Torp- 
Falk 116; Vries AMEW 273; Onions 
1003; Seebold 282; Lehmann GED 197; 
Kluge-Seebold 893. 

*xwertail5janan wk.vb.: ON hvirfia 'to 
whirl', MDu wervelen, worvelen id. Derived 
from *xwerbilaz. Vries ANE1\' 273. 

*xwernin ~ xwernon sb.f: Goth tvairnei 
'skuli', ON hverna 'pan, basin'. Close to 
Mír cern 'bowl' < IE *k"erna and further 



xwernm 



201 



xwitaz 



connected with *xweraz. Hirt IF XVII 
390 (to Gk KÉpvoi; 'bowl for offerings'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 58; Torp-Falk 116; Feist 
280; Pokorný I 642; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 98; Vries ANEW 271; Lehmann 
GED 197. 

*xwě adv.: Goth tve 'to whom, wherewith', 
ON hvé 'how'. Old instrumental *k"e, 
cf. Gk 7tr|jtOKa 'ever yeť (Schmidt K£ 
XXVII 292, XXXII 403). Feist 284; 
PrpprNG GHA XI/3 33 (to *xwai wě, see 
*xwat); Lindouist Festschr. A. Koch 359- 
367 (ON hvé < *xwena); Pokorný I 644- 
645; Vřes ANEW 270; Lehmann GED 
199. 

*xwěs(j)anan str./wk.vb.: ON hviesa 'to 
hiss' (wk.), OE hwésan 'to wheeze'. Rela- 
ted to Skt hasiti 'to breathe', Lat queror 'to 
complain, to lamenť. Torp-Falk 117; 
Walde-Hofmann II 403-404; Pokorný I 
631. 

*xwětanan str.vb.: ON hváta 'to hasten', 
OE pret. sg. á-hwét 'to drive ouť, OS 
pres. far-hwatan 'to punch, to kick', OHG 
wazan 'to drive away'. Related to Latv 
kůdit 'to drive', Slav *kydati 'to throw'. Cf. 
*xwataz, *xwatjaiian. Zupitza Gutt. 56; 
Feist 286; Holthausen AEEW 179; 
Jóhannesson IEW 281-282; Pokorný I 
636; Vries ANEh r 270; Seebold 284- 
285. 

*xwi<Í5n sb.f: ON hvida 'řiť, OE hweoíu 
'air, breeze'. Close to Av šyata- 'glad, 
merry', Lat quies 'rest, lying stilF. Bar- 
tholomae 1716; Torp-Falk 1 1 8; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 172; Walde-Hofmann II 
406; Pokorný I 638; Vries ANEW 272 
(to *xwataz). 

*xwi-llkaz adj., pron.: Goth tvi-leiks 'what 
sort of, which', ON hví-líkr id., OE hwelc, 
hwilc id., OFris hwe-lik, hwelk id., OS hwi- 
llk id., OHG hwellh id. Derived from 
*xwi- < IE pron. *k"i-\ Gk tíq 'who', 
Lat quis id. Ákerlund Festschr. Rock 
414-428 (originál short vowel in ON); 
Torp-Falk 114; Holthausen AEEW 
180-181; Walde-Hofmann II 410; Feist 
285; Pokorný I 644-648; Vries ANEW 
272 (secondary length in ON hví); 



Onions 1002; Frisk II 903-904; Leh- 
mann GED 200; Kluge-Seebold 884 
(< *xwe-llkaz). 

*xwistl5janan wk.vb.: ON hvísla 'to whis- 
per', OE hwistlian 'to hiss, to whistie'. Of 
imitative nature. Holthausen AEE]ť 
182; Onions 1004. 

*xwl pron.: ON hví 'why', OE hwý id., 
OS hwi id. From *k"ei, loc. of *k"o-, see 
*xwat. Cf. Lat qul 'who, which', Slav *či 
'how, whether'. Holthausen AEE]f 
181; Walde-Hofmann II 405; Vries 
ANEW 272; Onions 1005. 

*xwílěnan wk.vb.: Goth tveilan 'to pause, 
to cease', ON hvíla 'to resť, OFris hwlla 
id., MLG wilen 'to stay', OHG wllen 'to 
remain in a pláce'. Derived from *xwílo. 
Zupitza Gutt. 49; Torp-Falk 1 1 7; Feist 
284; Vrtes ANEW 272; Lehmann GED 
199; Kluge-Seebold 882. 

*xwíl6 sb.f: Goth tveila 'while, time, 
hour', ON hvíla 'beď [*xwilon), OE hwíl 
'while, time', OFris hwíle id., OS hwlla 
id., OHG hwlla, wlla id. Derivationally 
close to Slav *čih> 'lively, strong'. Further 
based on IE *k"eiH- 'to rest, to be quieť. 
Torp-Falk 117; Feist 284; Holthausen 
AEEW 182; Wissmann NP 72; Pokorný I 
638; Vries ANEW 272; Zalizniak II 180; 
Onions 1002; Nyman IF LXXXTV 
132-156; Trubachev ESSJa IV 112; 
Lehmann GED 199-200; Heidermanns 
319; Kluge-Seebold 882. 

*xwínanan str.vb.: ON hvína 'to whizz, to 
whistie', OE pres. hwínan id. Further cf. 
*xwlqjan > ON hvía 'to squeal', *xwajqjan 
> OHG hweion id. Of imitative origin. 
Torp-Falk 118; Holthausen AEE]V 
182; Jóhannesson IEW 258-259; Po- 
korný I 628; Vries ANEW 273; Onions 
1003; Seebold 280. 

*xwítaz adj.: Goth toeits 'white', ON hvítr 
id., OE hwít id., OFris hwlt id., OS hwlt 
id., OHG hwlz id. Gorresponds (with a 
different sufřix or an irregular dental) to 
IE *kwei-t- in ouher languages: Skt švetá- 
'white, brighť, Av spaéta- id., Lith šviečiu, 
švíestí 'to gleam', Slav *světb 'lighť. 
Bartholomae 1609; Karsten NB II 



xwitaz 



202 



xwotjanan 



205-206; Zupitza Gutt. 54; Torp-Falk 
1 18; Sohwentner FB 24-37; Trautmann 
BSW 310-311; Feist 284-285; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 182; Mayrhofer III 
406; Pokorný I 629; Fraenkel 1043; 
Vries ANEW 273-274; Onions 1004; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 575-576; Lůhr 
Expr. 263-264; Lehmann GED 200; 
Heidermanns 316—317; Kluge-Seebold 
883. 

*xwítilaz sb.m.: ON hvítill 'white bed- 
cover', OE hmitel 'cloak, mantle'. Derived 
from *xwítaz. Holthausen AEEW 182; 
Vries ANEW 273. 

*xwítin3az sb.m.: ON hvítingr 'a kind of 
whale', E whiting, MLG mítink id. Derived 
from *xwltaz. Vrtes ANEW 273. 

*xwítin sb.f.: ON hvíti 'whiteness', OHG 
wizi 'white color, white spoť. Derived 
from *xwítaz. Heidermanns 317. 

*xwitjaz sb.m.: Swed dial. hwíte 'wheať, 
ME white id. An ablaut variant of *xwait- 
jaz. Cf. also G dial. wwte id. < *xwitjo 
(Holthausen IF XXXII 338). Lehmann 
GED 197. 

*xwítjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-hweitjan 'to 
whiten', OE hwítan 'to make white, to 
polish', OHG wizen 'to paint white'. 
Derived from *xwitaz. Feist 284; 
Onions 1 004; Heidermanns 317. 

*xwopanan str.vb.: Goth tvopan 'to boasť, 
OE hwópan 'to threaten'. Of unknown 
origin. Grienberger Got. 125 (to *xau- 
paz); Bloomfield PBB XXXVII 251 
(formed after *wopan ~ *wópaz, *wop- 
janan); Thumb R'Z XVI 193-196 (to Gk 
KofSa^-óc; 'impudent rogue'); Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXX 294 (to Lat cupio 'to desire'); 
Petersson PBB XXXVIII 321 (to Skt 
kvánati 'to sounď); Feist 286; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 182; Kroes Nec 



XXXI 14-16 (to Lith kvapas 'vapor'); 
Pokorný I 535-536 (from *kau-); See- 
bold 285 (to *xwětanan); Lehmann GED 
200-201. 

*xwósanan str.vb.: OE hwósan 'to 
wheeze'. Identical with Skt kasáte 'to 
cough', Lith kósiu, kositi id. Further 
cf. Toch B kosi 'cough', Alb kolte id. 
(< *k"asla), Mír cassacht id., Lith kosulys id., 
Slav *kašlb id. Torp-Falk 1 1 8; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 182; Mayrhofer I 206; 
Pokorný I 649; Fraenkel 283-284; See- 
bold 285; OílulAED 189; Adams TB 207. 

*xw5st5janan wk.vb.: ON hosta 'to 
cough', OE hwóstan id., MDu hoesten id., 
OHG huostón id. Derived from *xwó~stó~n. 
Torp-Falk 1 18; Vries AV£II 7 250. 

*xw5stón sb.m.: ON hosti 'cough', OE 
hwósta id., MLG hoste id., OHG huosto id. 
Structurally close to W pas id. < *k"ds-t-. 
Derived from *xwosanan. Zupitza Gutt. 
58; Torp-Falk 118; Holthausen AEEJ\ t 
182; Pokorný I 649; Vries ANEW 250; 
Zalizniak I 154; Seebold 285; Tru- 
baohev ESSJa IX 160-161; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 185; Kluge-Seebold 389. 

*xw5tó sb.f: Goth hiota 'threat, repri- 
manď, ON neut. pl. hit id. Derived from 
*xwetanan, *xwatjanan. Aufrecht K~Z I 
471; Bloomfield PBB XXXVII 250 
(rhyme word); Feist 286; Mayrhofer I 
400—401 (to Skt códati 'to incite, to ani- 
mate'); Pokorný I 636 (to Lat tri-quetrus 
'three-cornereď); Vries ANEW 250; 
Seebold 284; Lehmann GED 201. 

*xw5tjanan wk.vb.: Goth tvotjan 'to 
threaten, to reprimanď, ON heeta 'to 
threaten'. Derived from *xwoto. Auf- 
recht KZ I 471; Torp-Falk 115; Feist 
286; Vries ANEW 250, 278; Seebold 
284; Lehmann GED 201. 



*idiz sb.f.: ON id 'deed, doing'. Deriva- 
tionally close to Skt ití- 'going, walking', 
further to *ei- 'to go'. Torp-Falk 27; 
Pokorný I 293-295. 

*ičtura(n) adv.: ON idur-mieltr 'of a meter 
repeating the samé syllable', MDu eder- 
kauwen 'to repeat over and over'. Identical 
with Lat iterum 'again' derived from *i-kro-\ 
Skt ítara- 'other'. Torp-Falk 27; Walde- 
Hofmann I 723-724; Pokorný I 284. 

*Í3Ílaz ~ Í3ulaz sb.m.: ON ígull 'hedge- 
hog, ruff' (wiuh secondary lengthening), 
OE i^il 'hedgehog', OS igil id., OHG igil 
id. The name of a prickly animal or fish 
is etymologically identical with the iso- 
lated Slav *]bgla 'needle' < Hghula and, 
probably, OPrus ayculo < *eighulá. On the 
other hand, it could be influenced by the 
continuants of IE *eghi- 'hedgehog'. 
Forsterman A"^3 I 498 (to *esalaz); Pictet 
KZ VI 185-186; Wrede Ostg. 144 (adds 
Goth PN Igila); Fiok BB XXLX 237; 



Bruch Festschr. Kretschmer 1 0—1 1 ; Torp- 
Falk 23; Trautmann APSpr. 296, BSW 3; 
Holthausen AEEW 187; Speoht Kš[ 
LXVI 56-57 (taboo term); Porzig Gliede- 
rung 202; Pokorný I 292; Zalizniak I 
133; Toporov PJa I 59; Trubaohev 
ESSJa VIII 213-214; Lehmann GED 204; 
Fvluge-Seebold 394. 
*iz pron.: Goth is 'he', ON es id., OFris er 
id., OS es, is id., OHG er id. Related to 
Sktj'ó- 'who, which', Av yó id., OPhryg 
yos id., Lat is 'this', Lidrjíj 'he', Slav *jb 
'this'. Neut. *it (Goth ita 'iť, OS it id., 
OHG iz id.) is identical with Lat neut. 
id 'this'. Bartholomae 1199-1227; 
Torp-Falk 27; Walde-Pokorny I 96- 
98; Walde-Hofmann I 720-721; Feist 
296; Mayrhofer III 8; Pokorný I 283; 
Fraenkel 194; Vries AMEW 105; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa VIII 204-205; Lehmann 
GED 207-208; Orel Phrygmn 469-470; 
FvLuge-Seebold 227 (from IE *eis). 



*i conj.: Godi ei 'in that čase, then, 
thereby'. Identical widr Slav *i 'anď < *ei 
(Feist 130). Sútterlin IF IV 93-95 (to 
IE *io-)\ Pokorný I 281-284; Lehmann 
GED 99. 

*idalaz adj.: OE idel 'vain, empty, voiď, 
OFris idel 'foolish, vain, empty', OS idal 
'vain, empty', OHG ital 'empty'. Of un- 
known origin. FvArsten JVB II 275-276; 
Wood AÍZJVXVII 6, XXV 213; Torp- 
Falk 3 (to IE *aidh- 'to burn'); Van 
Wijk IF XXXV 266; Sturtevant 
Language VI 25 (to Hitt idalu- 'bad, evil'); 
Holthausen AEEJ\ t 185; Pokorný I 12 
(to Gk ai6á^.r| 'sooť); Onions 460; 
Bonfante BSL LXLX 69-71 (samé as 



Sturtevant); Heidermanns 321 (seg- 
ments *i- as in Lith ypatiis 'speciál', Skt 
Tdfk 'such-like, of such a kinď); Kluge- 
Seebold 214. 
*Ixwaz sb.m.: ON ýr 'yew-tree', OE eóh 
id., OS íh id., OHG fem. iwa id. Other 
WGmc forms háve the stress on the suf- 
fix: OE íw < *T3waz, OHG igo < *iswon. 
Continues IE *eik-uo-. Despite formal 
difficulties, cannot be separated (as a 
loanword to Celtic?) from Olr éo id., W 
ywen id., OCorn hiuin id., Bret ivin id. On 
the other hand, Celtic forms hardly can 
be isolated from Lith ieva 'bird cherry', 
Slav Hva 'willow; band, edge'. A difficult 
word. Hoops Waldbáume 126-127, 239- 



íxwaz 



204 



jamaz 



240; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 62; Torp-Falk 
28; Holthausen AEETr 92-93; Pokorný 
I 297; Chemodanov SSGJa I 57; 
Fraenkel 183; Vries AME] V 679; Zaliz- 
niak II 182; Onions 1020; Ivanov Etim. 
1971 298-302 (adds Hitt eia- 'evergreen 
tree'); Trubaohev ESSJa VIII 248-249; 
Orel Etim. 1985 35-37 ('willow' as a tree 
"walking" along the river-banks, from *ei- 
'to go'); Kluge-Seebold 207. 

*Isa-kaldaz adj.: ON ís-kaldr 'ice-colď, 
OE ís-ceald id., MLG u-kolt id., MHG is- 
kalt id. Compound of *Tsaz ~ *isan and 
*kaliaz. Carr Mom. comp. 89 (parallel 
formations). 

*Isaz ~ *ísan sb.m./n.: ON Iss 'ice', OE 
ís id., OFris is id., OS ís id., OHG ís id. 
Related to Av aexa- 'colď, isu- 'icy', Osset 
yex 'ice' (Specht 18). Bartholomae 11; 
Torp-Falk 28; Sievers PBB XXXVIII 
324-329; Holthausen ^££ir 189; Vries 
AME] V 29,1; Pokorný I 301; Zalizniak II 
169; Onions 458; Kluge-Seebold 213. 

*isarna-smibaz sb.m.: ON járn-smidr 
'blacksmith', OE ísen-smib id., OS isarn- 
smith id., OHG isarn-smid id. Compound 
of *isarnan and *smi\)az. Carr Mom. 
comp. 75 (parallel formations). 

*isarnan sb.n.: Goth eisarn 'iron', ON ísarn 



id., OE ísern, ísen id., OFris isern, irsen id., 
OS ísarn id., OHG ísarn, isan id. Bor- 
rowed from Celtic: Gaul isarno-dori 'ferrei 
ostii', Olr íam, W haiarn, OCorn hoern, 
Bret houarn (Thurneysen apud Feist). 
Johansson BB XVIII 17 (to *aizan); 
Noreen AMF IV 110; Torp-Falk 28; 
Holthausen AEE\V 189; Feist 131; 
Pokorný I 300, KZ XLVI 292 (from 
Illyrian); Vries AME1V 287; Zalizniak I 
141; Onions 485; Lehmann GED 99; 
Kluge-Seebold 213. 

*Isarna-na3l5n ~ *ísarna-na3laz 
sb.m.: ON járn-nagli 'iron nail', OHG 
Isam-nagal id. Compound of *Tsarnan and 
*na^laz. Carr Mom. comp. 84 (parallel 
formations). 

*itraz adj.: ON Ur 'excellent, glorious', OE 
prop. Iter-mann. Derived from IE *iet-: 
Toch A vat- 'to reach, to achieve', Skt 
yátatc 'to pláce oneself (in the right posi- 
tion)', W add-iad 'yearning'. Karsten 
MB II 458; Holthausen AEE1T 423; 
Jónsson A^FXLVI 334-335; Pokorný I 
506-507; Vries AME\\ t 288; Heider- 
manns 322 (segments *i- as in *idalaz). 

*Izarnan sb.n.: ON járn 'iron', OE íren id. 
An accentual variant of *isaman. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 189; Pokorný I 300. 



*ja ptcl.: Goth ja,jai 'yes', ON já id. (with 
irregular lengthening), OE jeá id., OFris 
je id., OS ja id., OHG ja id. Cf. also Goth 
jah 'and, indeeď (< *jo xwe = Skt yácca 
'and though'), Run ja(h) id., OE 3« id., 
OS ja id., OHG ja id. Fem. of dre 
pronominal stem *io- or *í- (Brugmann 
Grundrijj U/2 328). Grimm DG III 
270; Torp-Falk 327-328; Holthausen 
AEEW 141; Feist 299-300; Pokorný I 
283; Vries AMEW 289; Onions 1018; 
Lehmann GED 210; Kluge-Seebold 408. 
*jaba ~ *jabói conj.: Goth jabai 'if, OE 



3jf id., OFris jef id., OS efhá., OHG ibu 
id. Pronominal stem Ho- followed by 
particle *hhe ~ *bho. However, the root 
vocalism does not match in individual 
languages. Cf. Slav *i bo 'for, because'. 
Aufrecht KZ I 287; Brugmann KVG 
669 (derived from *ja); Torp-Falk 
328; Holthausen AEEW 142; Feist 
299-300; Trubachev ESSJa VIII 167 
168; Lehmann GED 210; Boutkan OFED 
s.v. 
*jainaz ~ *jenaz pron.: Goth jains 'that 
(one)', OE jeo/z id., OFris jen id., MLG 



jamaz 



205 



jexwlaz 



jene id., OHG jeněr id. Not quite clear. It 
is possible that *jainaz and *jenaz go back 
to two different sources. While *jainaz 
reflects demonstrative particle *j- (cf. Lith 
jis 'he') followed by *aínaz (Brugmann 
Gnindrifi II/2 335—339) and may be 
derivationally close to Slav *jbm> 'other' 

< *i-(o)inos (Berneker I 432, Lang CMF 
I 97-99 but see differendy Trubaghev 
VJa XXLX/1 143: Slav *jbin, = Phryg 
ioq ví), *jenaz is a combination of the 
samé *j- and *enaz. The situation is 
further complicated by ON hann 'he' 

< *jainaz with a secondary h- by analogy 
with *xt. Cf. also a similar formation in 
Lith víenas 'one' < *u-anos. Hoffmann- 
Krayer K^XW 144-158; Grieneerger 
Got. 135-136; Torp-Falk 328; Holt- 
hausen PBB XIII 372, 590 (separates 
*jai- < loc. *ioi), AEEW 142; Kock AMF 
XXIV 186-189; Kieckers HG 145 (fol- 
lovvs Brugmann); Feist 300; Pokorný I 
319-321; Fraenkel 1239-1240; Vries 
AMEW 209; Trubachev ESSJa VIII 
233-234; Lehmann GED 210. 

*jaindě adv.: Goth jaind 'thither', OE 
3eond 'yond, yonder'. Derived from 
*jainaz ~ *jenaz. Torp-Falk 328; Holt- 
hausen AEE]\' 142; Feist 300; Lehmann 
GED 210. 

*jainjaz sb.m.: ON einir juniper'. Identical 
with Mír din 'bulrush' < Hoini-, Lat iúni- 
perus 'juniper- tree' (Fick II 223; Lidén IF 
XVIII 507). Torp-Falk 328; Walde- 
Hofmann I 731; Pokorný I 513. 

*jaukiz sb.f.: ON eykr 'beast of draughť, 
eyk-hestr 'cart-horse'. Close to Skt yógya- 
id., further to *jukan. Karsten MB I 
105-106; Torp-Falk 330; Schulze KZ 
LXI 189; Mayrhofer III 20; Pokorný I 
5 1 0; Matzel Festschr. Schrdder 96, KZ CV 
99; Vries AMEW 107; Heidermanns 322. 

*jexanan str.vb.: ON part. já 'to assenť, 
OFris ja 'to confess', OS gehan 'to articu- 
late, to pronounce', OHG jehan 'to say, to 
speak, to admiť. Related to Skt ydcatí 
'to ask, to solicite, to entreať, Mír with 
'language', W iaith id. (Lldén ANF III 
328). Torp-Falk 328; Hirt PhWschr. 



XIV 609 (to Lat iacio 'to throw, to utter'); 
Jóhannesson IEW 96-98; Mayrhofer 

III 14-15; Pokorný I 503-504; Vries 
AMEW 289; Seebold 286-287; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*jextiz sb.f: OFris jecht 'confession', OHG 
jiht id. Derived from *jexanan. Derivation- 
ally close to W iaith 'language' < Hekti-. 
Torp-Falk 328; Pokorný I 503; See- 
bold 286. 

*jextojanan wk.vb.: ON játta 'to acknowl- 
edge, to assenť, OFris iechta 'to confess'. 
Derived from *jextiz. Torp-Falk 328; 
Vries /LVETT 291. 

*jexwla-čta3az sb.m.: ON jóla-dagr 'Yule- 
day', OE ^eóhhel-dďj id. Compound of 
*jexwlan and *da^az. Carr Mom. comp. 
81 (parallel formations). 

*jexwla-měn6bz sb.m.: ON jól-mánudr 
'uhe Yule month', OE ^éol-mónad id. Com- 
pound of *jexwlan and *mendpz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*jexwlan sb.n.: ON pl. jól 'feast of Yule 
(later — Christmas)', OE jeóhlwl, jeó/ id. 
Of unknown origin. Grimm DM II 664 
(to *xwe3w(u)lan ~ *xwexwlari); Bugge^IVF 

IV 135 (to Lat iocus 'game' and *jexanan); 
Grienberger SBAW Wim CXLII/8 
137 (to Lith jenku, jékti 'to become 
blinď); Merwger WuS V 184 (to Av 
yďcňa 'to ask'); Loewenthal PBB XLV 

265 (compound with elements related to 
Skt ísá 'pole, shaft of a carriage' and IE 
*k»el- 'wheel'); Fay JEGP XVII 424-425 
(a taboo modification of *xwe^w(u)lan 
~ *xwexwlari); Karsten IF XXII 298; 
PvOOth Wortst. 43 (follows Bugge); Iírog- 
mann K~UÍ 1 14 (samé as Bugge); Torp- 
Falk 328-329; Holthausen AEEW 141; 
Feist 301-303, KZ LI 143-144 (in- 
fluenced by *jeran); Walde-Hoffmann I 
716 (to Gk É\|íía 'game, amusemenť); 
Vries AME1V 292; Onions 1021; Leh- 
mann GED 211 (against Fay). 
*jexwljaz sb.m.: Goůijiuleis Yule-month, 
December', ON ýlir 'mid-November to 
mid-December', OE jrá/i 'December and 
January'. Derived from *jexwlan. Torp- 
Falk 328-329; Holthausen AEEW 142; 



jexwlaz 



206 



jěz 



Feist 301-302; Onions 1021; Lehmann 
GED 211. 

*jekilaz ~ *jekulaz sb.m.: ON JQkull 'ici- 
cle', OE ýcel id., OFris itsil 'spur', OS 
ichilla 'stiria'. Derived from *jekon. Fick 
KZ I 1 1 (to Lith yíia 'floe'); Torp-Falk 
328; Holthausen AEEW 142; Vries 
AMEW 294; Onions 459. 

*jekón sb.m.: ON jaki 'icicle', LG is-jack 
id., G dial. jdch 'hoar-frosť. Related to 
Hitt eka- 'cold, frost, ice', Mír aig 'ice' 
< *iagi-. Torp-Faek 328; Pokorný I 
503, Celtica V 236 (from Uralic, cf. Finn 
jda 'ice', Hungjég id.); Vries AME]V 289; 
Kammenhuber KZ LXXVII 67 (folio ws 
Pokorný); Puhvel II 257-259. 

*jesanan str.vb.: OHG jesan 'to ferment, 
to brew'. Related to Toch AB yás- 'to 
excite sexually', Skt yásyati 'to boil, to 
become hoť, Av yah- 'to boil', Gk ^éto 
'to boil, to seethe'. Bartholomae 1281; 
Torp-Falk 329; Mayrhofer III 13; 
Pokorný I 506; Frisk I 612; Onions 
1019; Seebold 287; Keuge-Seebold 299; 
Adams TB 500-501; Burlak IFTJa 253. 

*jestuz sb.m.: ON jqstr 'yeasť, OE jirf id., 
MLG gest 'dregs, dirt', MHG gest, jest 
'yeasť. Derived from *jesanan. Torp- 
Falk 329; Holthausen AEEW 142; 
Vries AMW 295; Onions 1019. 

*jeuxtan sb.n.: OE 3eoht 'yoke'. Derived 
from *jeukan. Structurally identical with 
Skt neut. yuktá- 'harnessed, yokeď. 
(Holthausen IF XLVIII 266). Holt- 
hausen AEEW 142; Mayrhofer III 20; 
Pokorný I 508-509; Lehmann GED 212. 

*jeukan sb.n.: MHG jiuch 'yoke'. Close 
to Gk í^eíiyoi; 'yoke of beasts, pair of 
mules, oxen or horses'. Further see *jukan. 
Torp-Falk 330; Frisk I 610. 

*jeukěnan wk.vb.: Gothjiukan 'to fight, to 
conquer', ga-jiukan 'to overcome', MHG 
jouchen 'to chase, to drive'. Cf. also OE 
3eócor 'strong, fierce, harsh'. Related to 
Toch AB yuk- 'to conquer', Av yaozaiti 'to 
be agitated, to be exciteď < *ieug-. See 
*jeukan. Wood MP II 471; Bartho- 
lomae 1231-1232; Holthausen AEEW 
141; Feist 301; Pokorný I 512; Lehmann 



GED 211 (further to *ieu-dh- 'to move, to 
fighť). 

*jěm(a)raz adj.: OE ^eámor 'sad, sorrow- 
ful', OFris sbst. jámer 'ruefulness, crying 
shame', OS sbst. jdtnar 'misery, misfor- 
tune', OHG sbst. jamar id. Identical with 
Gk línepoí; 'tame, cultivateď (Solmsen 
KZ XXXII 147). Further related to Skt 
yámati 'to subjugate'. Torp-Falk 329; 
Pokorný I 505; Dybo VSJa 26; Frisk I 
635-636. 

*jěn5 ~ *jěnaz sb.f./m.: Swed dial. an 
'reapers progress, a stroke of the scythe', 
MHG jan 'row, line'. Identical with Skt 
yana- 'going, riding', derived from *ie- : 
Ha- 'to go'. Torp-Falk 329; Pokorný 

I 296. 

*jěra-měn5pz sb.m.: ON ár-mánadr 'month 
of the year', OHG jar-manód 'January'. 
Compound of *jěran and *měnopz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 83 (parallel formations). 

*jěran sb.n.: Qoúijer 'year', ON ár id., OE 
jeár id., OFris jer id., OS jar, ger id., OHG 
jar id. Related to Av yar- id., Gk tópa 
'season', Slav *jaro 'heat, spring' and 
the like. Bartholomae 1287; Torp-Falk 
329; Schulze Kl. Schr. 831; Holthausen 
AEE]V 141; Feist 301; Porzig Gliederung 
115; Pokorný I 297; Dybo VSJa 26; 
Vries AME]\ t 12; Zalizniak I 141; Frisk 

II 1150-1151; Chantratne 1303-1304; 
Onions 1019; Trubaohev ESSJa VIII 
175-176; Lehmann GED 210-21 1;Kluge- 
Seebold 408-409. 

*jěra-talan sb.n.: ON ár-tal 'reckoning by 
years', OFris kr-tel 'one year', MDu jaer- 
tal 'number of years'. Compound of *jěran 
and *talan. Carr Mom. comp. 1^—lb (par- 
allel formations). 

*jětjanan wk.vb.: ON jata 'to say "yes"', 
OHG gi-jazen 'to agree'. Derived from 
*ja. But cf. % jextojanan. Torp-Falk 328; 
Vries ANE1\ t 291. 

*jěz ~ *jíz pron.: ON ér 'you', OE y id., 
OFris gi id., OS gí id., OHG ir id. 
Analogical modifications of *júz. Torp- 
Falk 330; Holthausen AEE]V 141; 
Pokorný I 513-514; Vries AMEW 103; 
Onions 1018; Fvluge-Seebold 395. 



ju 



207 



jun3az 



*ju adv.: Goth ju 'just now, already', OE 
3eó 'formerly, before', OS ju 'already', 
OHG ju id. Identical with Lith jau id., 
Latv jau id., Slav *ju id. Rretschmer 
KZ XXXI 466 (to IE *ieum- 'young'); 
Meillet MSL LX 52; Trautmann BSW 
106; Torp-Falk 328; Holthausen 
AEEW 141; Feist 303; Pokorný I 285; 
Fraenkel 190; Stang LS 25; Trubaohev 
ESSJa VIII 190-191; Lehmann GED 
212. 

*ju3unj)iz sb.f.: OE 3eÓ3uS 'youth', OFris 
jogethe id., OS juguth id., OHG jugund id. 
Identical with Skt yuvatí- 'young woman' 
< Huunti-, with a taboo change of *-w- > 
*-5-. Related to *jun^az. Brugmann 
Grundňfi 11/ 1 439 (*-w- > *-$- by anal- 
ogy with *du^unpiz > OE dugud, OHG 
tugund); Torp-Falk 331; Holthausen 
AEE]V 141; Mayrhofer III 23; Lehmann 
Phon. 48 (*3 < *Hu), GED 213; Kluge- 
Seebold 412-413. 

*jukan sb.n.: Qoúi juk 'yoke', ON ok id., 
OE 3eoc id., OS juk id., OHG joh, juh id. 
Etymologically related to Hitt i-ú-ga-an 
id., Skt yugá- id., Gk i^vyóv id., Arm luc 
id. < *iugio-, Lat iugum id., W z«zí id., Lith 
júngas id. (with *-n- from the nasál infix 
of the verbal present), Slav *jbgo id. 
Pedersen &&. Gr. I 64, 98; Meillet MSL 

VII 57; Torp-Falk 330; Trautmann 
BSW 109; Holthausen AEEII' 141; 
Walde-Hofmann I 728-729; Feist 304; 
Pokorný I 508; Vries ANE) V 417; Mayr- 
hofer III 19; Fraenkel 196; Zalizniak 
I 142; Frisk I 615-616; Onions 1020; 
Puhvel II 495-496; Trubachev ESSJa 

VIII 206-208; Lehmann GED 212; 
Kluge-Seebold 411. 

*jukkjanan wk.vb.: OE jzcczzzz 'to itch', 
OS jukkian id., OHG jucken id. Related 
to *jeukenan. Bartholomae 1231-1232; 
Holthausen AEE\ I T 142; Pokorný I 512; 
Onions 488. 

*jukojanan wk.vb.: ON oka 'to yoke', OE 
3eoáan 'to preserve, to savé'. Derived 
from *jukan. Cf. a structural similarity in 
Lat iugo id. Walde-Hofmann I 728; 
Vries ANEW 418. 



*juk5n sb.m.: Goth ga-juka 'companion, 
yoke-fellow', ON oki 'cross-beam'. Iden- 
tical with Skt sam-yúj- 'joined through 
friendship or relationship', Lat con-iux 
'spouse'. Derived from *jukan. Walde- 
Hofmann I 261; Feist 186-187; Vries 
X7VEIK418; Lehmann GED 141. 

*jukuzjó sb.n.: Goůijukuzi 'yoke' (with an 
unclear -a), OE sýcer 'acre'. Fem. *(ie)- 
iug-usí of a perfect participle from IE 
*ieug- (Bammesberger Language XLI 
416-419, Nom. 213). Noreen IFW 325 
(Goth -uz,- < IE *-ues-)\ Streftberg IF 
XIV 494; Unwerth PBB XXXVI 20 (s- 
stem, cf. Gk C,evyoc, 'team', Lat iúgera 
'acre', Slav *jbgo 'yoke'); Holthausen 
AEEW 142; Feist 304; Lehmann GED 
213. 

*junďó sb.f: Goth junda 'youth'. Identical 
with Lat iuuenta id. < *iuunta (Brugmann 
Grundňfi 11/ 1 418). Torp-Falk 331; 
Walde-Hofmann I 736; Feist 304-305; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 91; Lehmann GED 
213; Bammesberger Nom. 148. 

*jun3alin3az sb.m.: ON ynglingr 'young 
person', OE 5eorej&5 id., OFris jungeling 
id., OS jungling id., MHG jungeling id. 
Derived from *jun^az. Onions 1021; 
Ktuge-Seebold 413. 

*jun3a-líkaz adj.: ON ung-ligr 'youthful', 
OHG jung-llh id. Derived from *junsaz. 
Heidermanns 326. 

*jun3az adj.: Goth juggs 'young', ON ungr 
id., OE 3eon3 id., OFris jung id., OS juiig 
id., OHG jung id. Related to Skt yuvaéá- 
'youthful', Lat iuuencus 'youth', Olr óac 
'young', W ieuanc id. from Huun-kó- fur- 
ther connected with *ieu- 'young'. Cf. 
also Khwar 'yw'nk 'young' < Irán *aiwa- 
nak (Teubner Gedenkschr. Gůntert 302). 
Torp-Falk 331; Walde-Hofmann I 
735; Feist 303-304; Holthausen AEEJ I' 
142; Kluge 342-343; Mayrhofer III 
23-24; Porzig Festschr. Debrunner 
343-349; Hoffmann MSS VI 39-40; 
Pokorný I 510-511; Vries AJ\EJV 635; 
Eggers Festschr. Starek 62—81; Onions 
1021; Hamp KZ LXXXIV 1; Lehmann 
GED 212; Bammesberger Nom. 253; 



juii3az 



208 



kalanan 



Heidermanns 325-326; Rluge-Seebold 
413. 

*jun3Ón sb.m.: ON ungi 'young of a birď, 
OHG jungo 'animal cub'. Derived from 
*junsaz. Heidermanns 325. 

*jutwó ~ *jetwó pron.: ON it 'you two', 
OE 3Ít id., OFris iat id., OS git id. The 
vocalism has been influenced by *wetwo. 
Identical with Lidi judu id. Originally, a 
compound of *iu 'you' an d *duo 'two' 
(Meillet MSL XIII 208). For the oblique 
cases cf. gen. *enkwara > Goth igqara, ON 
ykkar, OE incer, Streitberg UGG 265; 



Lotspeich JEGP XXX 150; Petersen 
JEGP XXXIII 66; Torp-Faek 329-330; 
Feist 291; Holthausen AEEW 142; Po- 
korný I 513-514; Fraenkel 199; Vries 
ANEU' 288, 677; Lehmann GED 204. 
*júz pron.: Goth jus 'you'. Related to Av 
yúš id., lAÚi jus id. Further to Skt yúyám 
id., Av yužsm id., Gk vmíeq id. See *jez ~ 
*jiz. Bartholomae 1303-1305; Torp- 
Falk 330; Feist 305; Mayrhofer III 26 
Pokorný I 513-514; Fraenkel 199 
Onions 1018; Lehmann GED 213 
Ktuge-Seebold 395. 



*kabisjaz ~ *kabisjó sb.m./f.: ON ke/sir 
'slavě (?)', OE ciefes 'concubine', OS kevis 
'concubine', OHG kebis, kebisa id. Pro- 
bably related to Lith žabas 'branch, 
bough', žabóju, zabiti 'to bridle', žebóju, 
Žebóti id. The semantic development in 
Gmc may be connected with that of the 
Baltic verb or similar to that of Slav 
*kopyl~b 'shoot, branch' ~ 'bastard, boy, 
servant'. Lidén SSUF 1894 63-64 (to 
Olr bé 'woman'); Torp-Falk 34; Zupitza 
KZ XXXVII 391 (to Lat captluus 'captive, 
captureď), Gutt. 183; Schroeder ,žjď% 
XXXVIII 523 (to OHG keva 'shell; 
cavea'); Trautmann BS1V 364; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 47; Pokorný I 408 (from 
*gabh- eventually related to *3etanari); 
Fraenkel 1282-1283; Vries ANE1V 304; 
Pisani TC XII 71 (to Gk áyarcóco); 
Menges ZfslPh XLIII 400-406 (together 
with the unclear Pol kobieta 'woman' from 
Uralic); Kluge-Seebold 435. 

*kablón sb.m.: ON kqfli 'cut off piece', 
MDu cavele 'piece of wood ušed to throw 
lots' (fem.). Probably related to Lith žabas 
'branch'. See *kabisjaz ~ *kabisjo. Zu- 
pitza Gutt. 183; Torp-Falk 34; Pokorný 
I 353; Fraenkel 1282-1283; Vries 
AMEW 296-297; Kluge-Seebold 415. 



*ka3Ón sb.m.: Norw dial. kage 'low bush', 
E dial. cag 'stump', G dial. Kag id. Of 
unknown origin. Torp-Falk 33. 

*kaibaz adj.: ON ákafr 'vehement, fiery', 
OE cáf 'quick, sharp, nimble'. Derived 
from *klbojanan. Torp-Falk 43; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 42; Heidermanns 327. 

*kailón ~ *kailaz sb.f./m.: Norw keila 
'channef, MLG kel 'narrow bay'. Related 
to *kllaz. Torp-Falk 43; Vries AME]\ t 
304. 

*kaipaz ~ *kaipó sb.m./f: ON keipr 
'rowlock', MLG kep 'cut, notch'. Related 
to Lat gibbus 'hunch, hump', Latv gibstu, 
gibt 'to benď (Holthausen PBB LXVI 
272). Torp-Falk 44; Jóhannesson IEW 
298 (to Icel kápa 'to move the fishing line 
up and down); Vries AJÍEW 80b. 

*kak5n sb.f: ON kaká 'cake', ME cake id. 
Probably related to Lith žagas 'conical 
stack'. Pokorný I 349 (to Lith gúogě 
'cabbage-heaď); Fraenkel 1284; Kluge- 
Seebold 490. 

*kalanan str.vb.: ON kala 'to freeze', OE 
calan 'to be cold, to become colď. 
Related to Lat gelu 'cold, frost, ice', Slav 
*Zolb 'bad weather'. Zupitza Gutt. 143; 
Torp-Falk 40; Holthausen AEEW 42; 
Walde-Hofmann I 585-586; Johan- 



kalanan 



209 



kan(i)paz 



nesson IEW 373-375; Pokorný I 365; 
Trubaohev Slav. jaz. V 1 79; Vries ANE] I ' 
297; Seebold 288-289; Lehmann GED 
214. 

*kalbaz sb.m./n.: ON kálfi 'calf ', OE cealf 
id., OFris calf id., OS fozí/id., OHG fozffl 
id. (z-stem). Despite the difference in the 
anlaut (*g- as opposed to *g*-), related to 
Skt gárbha- 'womb', Av garnwa- id., Gk 
SeXqrúc; 'womb', 8éX<paE, 'pigleť, 8oX<pó<;' 
ripriTpa, Hes. Zupitza Gutt. 11; Pers- 
son Beitráge 14-15 (to *kalbon I); Torp- 
Falk 42; Holthausen AEEW 45; 
Mayrhofer I 329; Pokorný I 359 (to 
*katbon I), 473; Vries ANEW 298; 
Zalizniak II 223; Frisk I 363; Onions 
136; Lehmann GED 214 (to Gaul galba 
'very fat man', Lat globus 'globe, heap'); 
Bammesberger Nom. 2 1 1 (old j-stem); 
Kluge-Seebold 418. 

*kalfoón I sb.m.: ON kálfi 'calf (anat.)', E 
calf id., G dial. Kalb 'muscle'. Of uncer- 
tain orígin. A descriptive stem? Cf. *kla- 
bón. Persson Beitráge 14-15 (to *kalbaz); 
Pokorný I 359. 

*kalbon II sb.f.: Goth kalbo 'heifer', OHG 
kalba id. Derived from *kalbaz. Torp- 
Falk 42; Zupitza Gutt. 11, 143; Feist 
305-306; Pokorný I 359; Zalizniak II 
223; Lehmann GED 214. 

*kaldaz adj.: Goth kalds 'colď, ON kaldr 
id., OE ceald id., OFris kald id., OS kald 
id., OHG kalt id. Derivative of *kálanan 
(in *-to-?). Somehow related to Slav sb. 
*xoldb 'colď, despite die phonetic difncul- 
ties (Zupitza KZ XXXVII 390). Kars- 
ten NB II 332; Bezzenberger BB XVI 
242 (to Slav *želdica 'black ice'); Zupitza 
Gutt. 143; Torp-Falk 40; Holthausen 
AEEW 45; Feist 306; Pokorný I 366; 
Chemodanov SSGJa I 56; Vries AME1V 
298; Onions 190; Seebold 288; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa VIII 57-58; Lehmann 
GED 214; Bammesberger Nom. 251; 
Heidermanns 328; Kluge-Seebold 420; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*kalčtěnan wk.vb.: ON kalda 'to become 
colď, OE cealdian id., OHG kaltěn id. 
Derived from *kaliaz. Structurally close 



to Slav *xolditi 'to become colď. Vries 
ANEW 298; Trubachev ESSJa VIII 56; 
Heidermanns 328. 

*kalzan sb.n.: ON kalí 'calf. Derivation- 
ally close to Slav *golsb 'voice'. Further 
related to W galw 'to calf < *galu-, Slav 
*golgotb 'speech'. Torp-Falk 42; Po- 
korný I 350; Chemodanov SGGJa I 84. 

*kalzójanan wk.vb.: ON kalia 'to call, to 
cry', OFris helia 'to name', MLG kolsen 'to 
call', OHG kallon 'to talk'. Derived from 
*kalzan. Zupitza Gutt. 143; Torp-Falk 
42; Pokorný I 350; Vries ANEW 
298-299; Onions 137. 

*kalwaz adj.: OE calu 'balď, MDu kalu 
id., OHG kalo id. Closely connected with 
Slav *gotb 'bare, nakeď. Torp-Falk 42; 
Zupitza Gutt. 144; Torp-Falk 42; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 43; Senn JEGP XXXII 
521; Kluge 346-347; Pokorný I 349- 
350; Stang LS 24; Trubachev ESSJa VI 
204-205; Heidermanns 329; Kluge- 
Seebold 417. 

*kamfoaz sb.m.: ON kambr 'comb', OE 
camb id., OS kamb id., OHG kamb id. 
Identical with Toch A kam 'tooth', B kane 
id., Skt jámbha- 'tooth, tusk', Gk yóntpoi; 
'peg, naif, Alb dhemb ~ dhamb 'tooth', 
Lith žambas 'sharp edge', Latv zúobs 
'tooth', Slav *zob~b id. Kuhn K£ I 131; 
Zupitza Gutt. 192; Torp-Falk 37-38; 
Trautmann BSW 369; Holthausen 
AEE]V 43; Specht 86; Mayrhofer I 
419; Pokorný I 369; Fraenkel 1288- 
1289; Frisk I 319-320; Vries ANEW 
299; Zalizniak I 133; Onions 193; 
Vasmer-Trubachev II 106; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 53; Kluge-Seebold 420; 
Orel AED 82. 

*kambjanan wk.vb.: ON kemba 'to 
comb', OE cemban id., OS kembian id., 
OHG kemben id. Derived from *kambaz. 
Torp-Falk 38; Holthausen AEEW 46; 
Vries ANEW 306. 

*kan(i)paz sb.m.: ON kampr 'beard, mous- 
tache', OE cenep 'moustache', OFris kenep, 
kanep id., MDu caruf-been 'cheek bone'. 
Of unknown origin. Holthausen AEE\ V 
46; Trier Holz 86 (to *kenuz)\ Vries 



kan(i)paz 



210 



káro 



ANEW 299 (to *knatm, see *knappaz I); 
Kluge-Seebold 455. 

*kanna pret.-pres.vb.: Goth kann 'to get to 
know', ON kann 'to know', OE can id., 
OFris kan id., OS can id., OHG kann id. 
Related to IE *gem- 'to know': Toch A 
kna-, Skt janati, Gk Ep perf. ysytova 'to 
shout, to be made hearď, Alb njoh ~ njof 
'to know', Lat (gjnosco 'to know, to 
acknowledge', Lith žinóti 'to know', Slav 
'''znáti id. Zupitza Gutt. 1 93; Torp-Falk 
35-36; Trautmann BSW 371; Feist 
316-317; Holthausen AEE]\' 63; 
Walde-Hofmann II 176-177; Kluge 
319-320; Jóhannesson IEW 331-332; 
Mayrhofer I 429; Pokorný I 376-378; 
Fraenkel 1310; Vries ANEW 334; Frisk 
I 293; Onions 139-140; Seebold 289- 
290, KZ LXXX 273-283 {*-nn- < *-nH-)\ 
Vasmer-Trubachev II 100-101; Leh- 
mann GED 141, 222; Kluge-Seebold 
471-472; Orel AED 305; Burlak IFTJa 
243; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*kannin3Ó sb.f.: ON kenning 'doctrine, 
teaching', MLG kenninge 'feeling, recogni- 
tion', MHG kennunge id. Derived from 
*kannjanan Vřes ANE]V 306. 

"kannjanan I wk.vb.: Goth kannjan 'to 
make known', ON kenna 'to teach', OE 
cennan 'to choose, to prove, to declare', 
OFris kenna 'to know', OS ant-kennian 'to 
perceive', OHG in-kennen 'to know'. 
Causative of *kanna. Zupltza Gutt. 193; 
Torp-Falk 36; Holthausen AEE\V 46; 
Feist 307; Vries ANEW 306; Onions 
503; Seebold 289; Lehmann GED 215; 
Kluge-Seebold 437. 

"kannjaiiaii II wk.vb.: ON kenna (barn) 'to 
father a chilď, OE cennan 'to beget, to 
conceive'. Related to *kunjan. At a deeper 
level of reconstruction identical with 
*kannjanan I (Sghróder PBB XLIII 495; 
Gůntert WuS XI 128-130). Torp- 
Falk 34; Holthausen AEEW 46; Vries 
ANEW 306. 

*kannón sb.f.: ON kanna 'can, tankard, 
jug', OE canne 'can, cup', OS kanna id., 
OHG kanna 'vesseP. Related to *kanon 
(Lidén BB XXI 109). Hardly borrowed 



from latě Lat canna 'mug, jug' (Frtngs 
apud Vries) which is from Gmc. Torp- 
Falk 35; Lidén BB XXI 109 (to Mír 
gann 'vessel' < *gandh-n-)\ Holthausen 
AEEW 43; Pokorný I 351; Vries 
ANE1V300; Onions 139; Kluge-Seebold 
422. 

*kanón sb.m.: ON káni 'bowl, dish', MLG 
kane 'boať. Of unknown origin. Torp- 
Falk 35; Lidén BB XXI 109 (to *kannon); 
Falk ]VuS IV 89 (to Norw kana 'to crane 
one's neck'); Loewenthal IKaSX 184 (to 
Gk yívvq 'chin'); Pokorný I 351 (to Mír 
gann 'vessel' < *gandh(n)-)\ Vries ANE]V 
300; Kluge-Seebold 417. 

*karla-fulkan ~ *kerla-fulkan sb.n.: 
ON karl-fólk 'male folk', OE ceorl-folc 
'common people, public'. Compound of 
*karlaz ~ *kerlaz and *fulkan. Carr Nom. 
comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*karlaz ~ *kerlaz sb.m.: ON kari 'man', 
OE carl 'churl, rustic', ceorl 'freeman of 
the lowest class, man, husbanď, OFris 
zerl 'adult man', MLG kerle id., OHG kari 
'man, spouse'. Related to *karskaz and 
further derived from IE *ger(sj- 'to ripen, 
to grow old, to become frail', cf. Skt 
járant- 'old', Arm cer id., Gk yépcov 
'old man' and uhe like. Torp-Falk 38; 
Holthausen AEE1V 46-47; Porzig 
Festschr. Debrunner 348 (separates Gmc 
from this root); Pokorný I 391; Vřes 
ANEW 301; Zalizniak I 133; Frisk I 
301-302; Onions 146, 175; Kluge- 
Seebold 438. 

*karm(j)az sb.m.: OE cirm 'noise, shout, 
clamor', OS karm 'shout, cry'. Derivation- 
ally identical with Olr gairm 'cry, call', W 
garm id., Corn garm id., Bret garm id. 
Further related to *karó. Zupitza Gutt. 
78, 193; Holthausen AEEW 45, 47; 
Pokorný I 566. 

*karó sb.f: Goth kára 'care', ON kqr 'bed 
in which one lies bedridden', OE caru, 
cearu 'care, sorrow, grief ', OFris kar-jestere 
'fasting penitenť, OS kára 'care, sorrow, 
mourning', OHG kára 'mourning'. Re- 
lated to Lat gamo 'to prattle', Olr gáir- 
'clamor', W gair 'worď < *gario- and the 



káro 



211 



kawo 



like. Zupitza Gutt. 78, 193; Torp-Falk 
39; Holthausen AEEW 44; Walde- 
Hofmann I 583; Feist 307-308; Po- 
korný I 352; Zalizniak I 147; Onions 
146; Lehmann GED 215; Bammesberger 
Nom. 107-108; Kluge-Seebold 427. 

*karójanan wk.vb.: Goth karon 'to care 
abouť, OE carian 'to také care, to regard, 
to heeď, OS kárán 'to mourn', OHG karon 
'to bewail'. Derived from *karo. Torp- 
Falk 39; Holthausen AEEW 44; Feist 
307; Onions 146; Lehmann GED 215. 

*karskaz adj.: ON karskr 'brisk, bolď, 
MLG karsch 'lively, fresh', MHG karsch id. 
Derived from IE *ger(d)- 'to ripen, to 
grow old, to become frail', cf. Sktjárati 'to 
make old, to grow old, to decay', Slav 
*Zbrěti 'to ripen'. Karsten NB II 449; 
Zupitza Gutt. 144; Torp-Falk 39; 
Mayrhofer I 420; Pokorný I 390; Vrtes 
ANEW 302 (to Gk éyeípco 'to wake'); 
Vasmer-Trubachev II 106; Wissmann 
AWNP 36; Hetdermanns 330. 

*katilaz sb.m.: Goth katils 'ketde', ON 
ketill id., OE cytel id., MLG ketel id., OHG 
kezzil id. An old borrowing from Lat catil- 
lus 'small dish, deep vessel for cooking', 
dem. of catinus (Luft Z dadl xli 242). 
Schwentner PBB XLIV 498; Bruch 
Festschr. Kretschmer 6— 12; Jelltnek ZDADL 
LXVI 129; Holthausen AEE]V 48; Feist 
308; Vries ANEW 307; Onions 504; 
Lehmann GED 215-216; Kluge-Seebold 
439. 

*kat5n sb.m.: ON kati 'small ship', LG kat 
'small vehicle'. Of unknown origin. 
Falk II ~uS IV 88; Bruch Festschr. 
Kretschmer 12—14 (from OPic cat 'man of 
war'); Vries ANEW 303. 

*kaunan ~ *kauno sb.n./f: ON kaun 
'sore', MDu coon jaw'. Derived from 
*kewwanan. Derivationally close to Lith 
Žiáuna 'gill', Latv žaúnas 'gills, jaw', Slav 
*Žuna 'lip, mouth' < *geuna. Bugge KJ? 
XLX (1870) 431-432 (to Skt gavlní 
'groins'); Torp-Falk 45; Zupitza Gutt. 
78; Pokorný I 397; Fraenkel 1302- 
1303; Vries ANEW 303 (to ON ká 'to 
harass'); Lehmann GED 222. 



*kaupa-mannz sb.m.: ON kaup-maSr 
'merchanť, OE ceáp-man id., OFris kap- 
mon id., MLG kop-man id., OHG kouf-man 
id. Compound of *kaupaz and *mannz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 75 (parallel formations). 

*kaupa-skipan sb.n.: ON kaup-skip 'mer- 
chant ship', OE ceáp-scip id., MLG kop- 
schip id., OHG kouf-skif \á. Compound of 
*kaupaz and *skipan. Carr Nom. comp. 75 
(parallel formations). 

*kaupa-stadiz sb.m./f.: ON kaup-stadr 
'market-town', OS kóp-stedi 'market- 
place', OHG fem. kouf-stat id. Compound 
of *kaupaz and *staiiz. Carr Nom. comp. 
75 (parallel formations). 

*kaupaz sb.m.: ON -kaup 'purchase' (in 
cmpn.), OE ceáp 'catde, price, sále', OFris 
kap 'sále', OS kop 'bargain, purchase', 
OHG kouf id. A modification of Lat caupo 
'small tradesman' (Bruch ^DADL 
LXXXIII 92-103). Holthausen AEEW 
45; Vries ANEW 303; Onions 166; 
Bammesberger Nom. 97; Boutkan OFED 
s.v. 

*kaupjanan ~ *kaupojanan wk.vb.: 
Goth kaupon 'to trade, to do business', 
ON kaupa 'to buy' (irreg.), OE cýpan 'to 
seli', OFris kapia 'to buy, to seli', OS 
kópian 'to buy, to trade', OHG koufen 
id. Derived from *kaupaz, cf. Lat cauponari 
'to haggle' (Jellinek GGS 185). Feist 
309; Holthausen AEEW 48; Vries 
XY£ir308; Onions 166; Benveniste IEL 
110-112; Lehmann GED 216; Kluge- 
Seebold 434; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*kauraz sb.m.: Norw kaure 'frizzy curi', cf. 
also neut. kaur 'wool'. Close to Mír gúaire 
'hair', Lidi pl. gauraí id., Latv gaup 'pubic 
hair' (Lidén IF XLX 341). Pokorný I 
397; Fraenkel 140; Vries ANEW 302. 

*kausjanan ~ *kauzjanan wk.vb.: 
Goth kausjan 'to sample, to experience, 
to taste', OFris kera 'to choose'. Structur- 
ally identical with Skt josáyate 'to caress, 
to také delight in'. Iterative-causative of 
*keusanan. Feist 310; Mayrhofer I 445; 
Pokorný I 399-400; Seebold 294. 

*kaw5 sb.f: Dan kaa 'daw, jackdaw', OE 
ceó 'a kind of crow, jay', MLG ká 'daw, 



kawo 



212 



kenfian 



jackdaw', OHG ka 'crow'. Of imitative 
origin, cf. Slav *kaut>ka 'daw, gulT. Torp- 
Falk 45. 

*kazan sb.n.: Goth kas 'jar, vessď, ON ker 
id., MLG kar id., OHG kar id. Cultural 
loanword, probably (indirectly) from Sem 
*ka'su- 'beaker' > Akk kasu- (Gůntert 
Festschr. Panzer 12). Curtius Gr. Et. 476 
(to Lat uás 'vessel, dish'); Osthoff BB 
XIX 321 (to Lat gero 'to carry, to leaď); 
Zupitza Gutt. 82, 193; Torp-Falk 42; 
Sutterlin ZFXXLX 125 (to Gk yamUi; 
'buckeť); Feist 308; Vries ANEW 306; 
Lehmann GED 215; Kluge-Seebold 
426. 

*kebran sb.n.: MHG kiver 'jaw, jawbone' 
(neut. or mase). Identical with Av zafar- 
'mouth'. Bartholomae 1657; Torp- 
Falk 34 (reconstruct *kefru)\ Pokorný I 
382; Kluge-Seebold 440. 

*kelkaz ~ *kelkón sb.m.: ON kjalki 
'jowF, OHG kelh, kelah 'goitre, swelling'. 
Related to *kulkaz. Torp-Falk 41; 
Vries ANEW 310-311. 

*kelpon ~ *kelpaz sb.f./m.: ON kelpa 
'otter trap', MLG kelp 'low fellow'. 
Probably related to Lat galba 'lat paunch, 
big belly' (from Celtic). Vrles ANEW 
306 (to ON kilpr 'handle of a vessel'). 

*kelpaz sb.n.: OE cild 'chilď. From here 
Goth kilpei 'womb' < *kelpin is derived. 
Of uncertain origin. Fortunatov BB 
VI 217 (to Skt jathára- 'belly, stomach, 
womb'); Lidén ZFXLX 335; Zupitza Gutt. 
77, 211; Torp-Falk 42; Mikkola 5BB 
XXI 225 (to Swed kolla, kulla 'girl' 
< *kulp-); Holthausen AEE]V 48; Feist 
311; Pokorný I 358; Onions 169; Leh- 
mann GED 218 (from IE *gel- 'roundeď); 
Bammesberger Nom. 211. 

*keluz ~ *kel5n sb.m./f.: ON kjqlr 'keel', 
OE ceole 'drroať, MLG kde id. Related 
to Olr gelid 'to swallow, to eať, gaile 
'stomach'. Torp-Falk 41; Holthausen 
AEEW 46; Pokorný I 365; Vries 
ANEW 312-313 (to Skt giráti 'to swaUow, 
to eať). 

*kemfoaz ~ *kembó sb.m./f: Swed dial. 
kimb 'ends of a stave protruding over the 



grounď, MLG kimme 'rim'. Probably 
related to *kambaz. Cf. also Lith gémbé 
'wooden hook'. Torp-Falk 37-38; 
Persson SVSVK 80; Holthausen AEEW 
49; Pokorný I 368; Fraenkel 146; Vries 
ANEW 309 (to Gk yé^co 'to be full'). 

*kembilaz sb.m.: ON kimbill 'bundle', 
MLG kimmel 'gag, toggle', OHG kembil 
'fetter, shaekle'. Derived from *kembaz ~ 
*kembó. Torp-Falk 37; Vries ^ijVEII'309. 

*kendiz sb.f: ON kind 'kind, variety'. 
Derivationally close to Lat gens 'race, 
clan', OW -gint (in compounds). Further 
related to *kenpan. Persson Beitrdge 686 
(on Av fra-zaintiš 'progeny'); Brugmann 
Grundrifi 11/ 1 434; Torp-Falk 35; 
Walde-Hofmann I 592; Pokorný I 373- 
374. 

*kennu-bainan sb.n.: ON kinn-bein 'cheek- 
bone', OE cin-bán id., MLG kinne-bin id., 
OHG kinni-bein id. Compound of *kennuz 
and *bainan. Garr Nom. comp. 50. 

*kennu-ber3o sb.f: ON kirm-bjqrg 'cheek- 
piece (of a helmet)', OE cin-ber^ id. 
Compound of *kennuz and *ber^5. Carr 
Nom. comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*kennuz sb.f: Goth kinnus 'cheek', ON 
kinn id. (root stem), OE cin 'chin', OFris 
kin id. The geminate is believed to reflect 
the generalized *-nu- of gen. sg. in *genus, 
*genuos (Hirt Urgerm. II 47). Related to 
Toch A duál. šanwem 'jaw', Skt hanu- id. 
(with irregular h-), Av duál zanva id., Gk 
yévoi; 'chin', Lat gena 'cheek', Olr gin, giiin 
'mouth'. Wood IF XVIII 32 (identical 
with *genu- 'knee'); Back/FXL 162-167 
(to *gem- 'to give birth'); Zupitza Gutt. 
193; Torp-Falk 37; Holthausen AEEW 
49; Walde-Hofmann I 589-590; Feist 
312; MARTrNET Gem. 69; Porzig Gliederung 
126; Mayrhofer III 574-575; Pokorný 
I 381; Vries ANEW 309; Zalizniak II 
208; Frisk I 298; Onions 170; Lehmann 
GED 218-219; Bammesberger Nom. 161; 
Fvluge-Seebold 442. 

*kenj)an sb.n.: Norw dial. kind 'chilď, 
OS kind id., OHG kind id. Identical with 
Lat part. genitus, further connected with 
*gem- 'to give birth'. Zupitza Gutt. 193; 



kenpan 



213 



kewwanan 



Persson Beitráge 686; Torp-Falk 35; 
Hermann IF LIII 1 02; Walde-Hofmann 
I 592; Pokorný I 373-375; Vries AMEW 
309; Humbach MSS VII 55 (to Lat Genita 
(Mana), OSc Genetaí, W geneth 'girl'); 
Lehmann GED 218; Hamp IF LXXXVII 
77; Bammesberger ZF LXXIII 134 (OFris 
kind, OS kind < OHG), Mm. 94-95; 
Kluge-Seebold 442. 

*keppón sb.m.: ON kjappi 'he-goať, G 
dial. kippe 'newly born calf. Cf. 
Alb c(j)ap, sqap 'goať < PAlb *tsapa, 
Slav *cap~b id., Rum fap id., Ital zappo id. 
continuing an oriental JVanderwort of 
Iranian or Altaic origin, cf. NPers čapiš 
'one year old goať, Osset ciew 'goať, 
OTurk čdbiš 'six-months old kiď. Mar- 
tinet Gém. 116, 139; Vries AMEW 311. 

*kerbanan str.vb.: OE ceorfan 'to carve, to 
cut, to hew', OFris kewa id., MDu kerven 
id., MHG kerben 'to notch'. Related to Gk 
ypátpco 'to scratch, to write'. Zupitza 
Gutt. 144; Torp-Falk 40; Holthausen 
AEEW 46; Jóhannesson IEW 362-363; 
Pokorný I 392; Onions 149; Frisk I 
324-326; Jegers KZ LXXX 63-66 (on 
the connection with OPrus gírbin 'num- 
ber', Slav *žerbbjb 'loť); Seebold 292— 
293; Kluge-Seebold 438. 

*kernó(n) sb.f.: ON kirnu-askr 'churn-paiT, 
OE ctem 'butter tub' (o-stem), MLG kerne 
id., early G kerne id. Probably related to 
*kernon. Torp-Falk 38; Holthausen 
AEEW 46; Vries AMEW 310; Kluge- 
Seebold 428. 

*kernon sb.m.: ON kjarni 'kernel, nucleus', 
MLG kerne id., OHG kerno, kern id. An 
ablaut variant of *kurnan. Zupitza Gutt. 
193; Torp-Falk 38; Porzig Gliederung 
195; Pokorný I 391; Vries AMEW 312; 
Zalizniak II 227; Lehmann GED 217; 
Kluge-Seebold 438. 

*kerranan str.vb.: OE pret. pl. curran 'to 
creak', OHG kerran id. An onomatopoeic 
form that might be close or similar to Skt 
járate 'to crackle, to roar'. Zupitza Gutt. 
78, 193; Holthausen AEEW 47; Mayr- 
hofer I 421; Pokorný I 383-385; See- 
bold 293. 



*kerzan sb.n.: ON kjarr 'copsewooď. 
Identical with Gk yéppov 'wicker-work, 
oblong shield, wattled screens' < *yépoov 
(Lidén^FSÍ/VI/I 7-9). Torp-Falk 40; 
Pokorný I 392; Vries AMEW 312; Frisk 
I 300-301. 

*keulaz sb.m.: ON kjóll 'keel, barge, ship', 
OE ceól 'keel, ship', OS kiol 'ship', OHG 
kiol 'big ship'. May be close to Gk yaiAói; 
'round vessel', yaíXoc; 'kind of ship' 
(Pedersen KZ XXXLX 459). Bodr Gmc 
and Gk, however, can go back to the 
samé Semitic source, cf. . . . kcxÍ xá 
3>oiviKiK« likoia yaútan koAoíivtou, Hes. 
(Lewy Fremdw. 151,210). Falk WuS IV 
88-89 (ON < OE); Zupitza Gutt. 145; 
Torp-Falk 46, 561; Holthausen AEEW 
46; Pokorný I 397 (to Skt gola- 'globe, 
balí', Gk yúaA.ov 'cavity of tíre cuirass'); 
Vries AME) V 312; Zalizniak I 133; Frisk 
I 291-292; Onions 502; Chantraine 
239-240; Kluge-Seebold 440. 

*keusanan str.vb.: Goth kiusan 'to tesť, 
ON kjósa 'to elect, to choose', OE ceósan 
id., OFris kiása id., OS kiosan id., OHG 
kiosan id. Identical widr Skt jusáte, jásati 'to 
be fond of, to like, to enjoy', Av zaoš- 'to 
be pleased widr', Gk yeúouai 'to taste', 
Alb dua ~ due 'to love' < *gěus-n-o, Olr 
asa-gú 'to wish'. Zupitza Gutt. 194; Bar- 
tholomae 1656; Torp-Falk 48; Feist 
312-313; Holthausen AEE) I ' 47; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW 322-323; Mayrhofer I 441; 
Pokorný I 399-400; Vries AhEW 312; 
Frisk I 302; Onions 1 72; Seebold 
293-294; Lehmann GED 219; Kluge- 
Seebold 441; Orel AED 77-78. 

*kewwanan str.vb.: OE ceówan 'to chew', 
MLG keuwen id., OHG kiuwan id. Cf. also 
ON tjiggja, tyggva id. with abnormal t- 
(? < *kjujja-). Related to Slav *žuti id., 
Toch AB šuwá- 'to eať. Zupitza Gutt. 
145; Torp-Falk 44; Holthausen AEEh' 
47; Jóhannesson IEW 390; Pokorný I 
400; Vries AMEW 602; Onions 168; 
Seebold 294-295; Dybo BSJaO 16-18 
(Gmc gemination in a mobile paradigm); 
Kluge-Seebold 434; Adams TB 631— 
632; Burlak IFTJa 259. 



kemaz 



214 



klainiz 



*kěmaz adj.: Norw dial. kaam 'dark, 
cloudeď, MLG sbst. kam 'mould on liq- 
uids', MHG sbst. kam id. Related to or, 
at least, similar with IE *kiěmo-\ Skt 
šyamá- 'dark gray, black', Lith šemas 'gray 
and blue, blue'. Torp-Falk 37; Pokorný 
I 541. 

*kidjan ~ *kittjan sb.n.: ON kio 'kiď, 
OHG kizzi id. Borrowed from an un- 
known IE source continuing *ghaido- (see 
*3aitz ~ *3aitiz). Torp-Falk 44 (to Alb 
kedh 'kid'); Pokorný I 409; Onions 505; 
Kluge-Seebold 444. 

*kip(p)az sb.m.: ON keppr 'cudgel, club', 
OE cipp 'log, coulter, plowshare', OS kip 
'post'. Cf. also OHG kipfa 'axle, stave' 
(fem.). Related to *kaipaz ~ *kaipo. 
Torp-Falk 44 (to Lat scipió 'walking 
staff'); Holthausen yfEíTr 49; Martinet 
Gém. 195; Vries ANEW 306; Onions 170. 

*kippjanan wk.vb.: ON kippa 'to pull, to 
snatch', MLG kippen 'to hatch', G kippen 
'to knock over'. Derived from *kip(p)az. 
Falk-Torp ND 511 (to Oir scibiud 'to 
move'); Torp-Falk 43 (to Slav *cěpiti 'to 
clutch'); Vries ANE]\ t 310. 

*kippon ~ *kippan sb.m./n.: ON kippa 
'bundle', MLG kip 'bundle (of furs, fish)'. 
Derived from *kip(p)az. Martinet Gém. 
197; Vries ANEW 310. 

*kitilójanan wk.vb.: ON kitla 'to tickle', 
OE citelian id., OS kitilon id., OHG 
kizzilon id. A descriptive stem. Schef- 
telowttz BB XXLX 30 (to Arm kcem 'to 
itch, to tickle' < *gidió); Torp-Falk 44; 
Holthausen AEEW 50; Vries ANEW 
310; Onions 507; Kluge-Seebold 444. 

*kťbójanan wk.vb.: ON kífa 'to strive, to 
quarrel', OFris zivia id., MLG kiven id., 
MHG klben id. Retains elements of a 
strong paradigm. Probably related to Lith 
geibstú, géibti 'to weaken'. Persson 
Beitrdge 84-85; Torp-Falk 43; Holt- 
hausen AEE] V 42; Pokorný I 354; Vries 
ANEW 308; Heidermanns 327; Kluge- 
Seebold 436. 

*kíkjanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. kikja 'to 
gasp, to pant', MHG kichen id. A redupli- 
cated form similar to Toch AB kak- 'to 



call' further related to Skt gati, gayati 'to 
sing', Slav *gajati 'to shouť. Torp-Falk 
44; Pokorný I 355. 

*kilaz sb.m.: Norw kile 'wedge', MLG kil 
id., OHG kil id. Related to *kinanan. 
Torp-Falk 43; Pokorný I 355 (recon- 
structs *kiilaz). 

*kimón ~ *kímaz sb.m.: Norw dial. kime 
'strip, piece', OS kimo 'germ', OHG chimo 
'sprouť. Related to *kínanan. Torp- 
Falk 43; Pokorný I 355. 

"klnanan str.vb.: Goth keinan 'to sprout, to 
buď (wk. pret), OE cínan 'to gape, to 
break into chinks', OS kinan 'to germi- 
nate', OHG kinan 'to sprout, to germi- 
nate'. Related to Latv sýliju, ziét 'to blos- 
som' and, further, to Lith žý džiu, žydeti id. 
(Zupitza Gutt. 79, 193). Pedersen K~ 
XXXIX 402 (to Arm cel, ciwl 'stalk'); 
Torp-Falk 43; Feist 310; Holthausen 
AEEW49; Pokorný I 355; Onions 170; 
Seebold 290-291; Lehmann GED 217 (to 
IE *skei- 'to cut, to separate'); Kluge- 
Seebold 437. 

*klabon sb.m.: ON klaji 'a kind of fork put 
on the neck of cattle', MLG klane 'yoke'. 
Related to Lith glěbiu, glebti 'to embrace', 
glóbiu, glóbů id., Slav *globa 'kind of pole'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 146; Torp-Falk 57; 
Pokorný I 359; Fraenkel 156; Vries 
ANEW 313; Stang LS 22; Trubaohev 
ESSJaVl 131-132. 

*klaimjanan wk.vb.: ON kleima 'to daub, 
to smear', OE daman 'to smear, to 
anoinť, MDu klaněn id., OHG part. bi- 
kleimenti. Derived from *klaimon ~ 
*klaimaz. Holthausen AEE] V 50; Vrtes 
ANEW 315; Onions 179. 

*klaim5n ~ *klaimaz sb.f./m.: ON 
kleima 'blot, dab', OE clarn 'mud, clay', 
MDu kleem 'glue', OHG kleim 'clay'. 
Related to Lith gléima 'slime', Latv glaima 
'flattery'. Torp-Falk 57 (to Lith glemhs 
'slime'); Holthausen AEE] V 50; Pokorný 
I 364; Fraenkel 157; Vries ANEW 
315; Onions 179, 181; Kluge-Seebold 
448. 

*klainiz adj.: Burg *klaini 'tender, shining', 
OE cldne 'clean', OFris klene 'narrow, 



klainiz 



215 



klembanan 



thin', OS kleni 'narrow, slim, delicate', 
OHG kleini, klein 'delicate, fine, small'. 
Identical with Slav *glinb 'clay, dregs' 
< *gloini-. Cf. *klajjaz. Torp-Falk 57; 
Holthausen AEE]\ r 50; Trier Lehm 
30-33; Pokorný I 366-367; Onions 180; 
Trubaohev ESSJa VI 120-121; Kobler 
711; Heidermanns 332-333; Kluge- 
Seebold 448. 

*klaiwaz sb.m.: OS kle 'clover', OHG klěo, 
kle id. Cf. also OE cLefre id., MLG klaver 
id. Identical with Gk yA.oió<; 'glue, tar', 
Slav *glězrb 'slime'. Cf. *klenanan. Torp- 
Falk 58; Holthausen AEE]V 50 (to 
Slav *glbbiti 'to stick fasť); Pokorný I 
364; Frisk I 312-313; Onions 183; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa VI 121-122; Kluge- 
Seebold 447. 

*klajjaz sb.m.: OE c/«3 'clay', OFris klay 
id., MLG klei id. Related to Gk yXoióq 
'glutinous substance, gum' and particu- 
lariy close semantically to Slav *gh>jb 
'clay, glue'. See *klaiwaz. Torp-Falk 57 
(add ON kleggi 'cleg, horsefly' < *klajjori)\ 
Holthausen AEE]V 50; Pokorný I 
362-363; Frisk I 312-313; Onions 180; 
Trubachev ESSJa VI 162; Dybo BSA 
40. 

*klak(k)az sb.m.: ON klakkr 'peg', MDu 
klak 'stain', G Kleck 'stain, fleck'. Related 
to Slav *glazt> 'stone, pebble' (Persson 
Beitrdge 792). Zupitza Gidt. 211; Torp- 
Falk 55; Holthausen ^ITII/V 154 (to Slav 
*glezna 'ankle'); Persson SVSU^K 70 (to E 
dial. clink 'boulder'); Jóhannesson IEW 
366 (to *klan$janan); Pokorný I 357-358; 
Vries .i/VETT 313-314. 

*klamforjanan wk.vb.: ON klembra 'to 
jam, to pinch in a smith's vice', MHG 
klemberen 'to cotter'. Derived from 
*klambró. Vries ANEIV 316 (to IE 
*glembh-). 

*klamforó sb.f: ON klqmbr 'smith's vice', 
E clammer 'clip, brackeť, MHG klammer 
id. Derived from *klembanan. Torp-Falk 
56; Vries AMEW 318. 

*klampo sb.f: ON klqpp 'pier-like rock, 
stepping stones over a stream', MLG 
klampe 'hook, footbridge'. Related to 



*kle7nbanatíí Torp-Falk 57; Pokorný I 
360. 

*klan3Janan wk.vb.: ON klengjask 'to piek 
up a quarrel', OE clen^an 'to exhilarate'. 
Causative of *kleri3anan. Holthausen 
AEEIV 51; Vries AMEW 316; Seebold 
300. 

*klappan ~ *klappaz sb.n./m.: ON 
klapp 'clapping the hands', MHG klapf 
'erash'. Of imitative origin. Torp-Falk 
56; Holthausen AEEW 50; Onions 179. 

*klappójanan wk.vb.: ON klappa 'to 
pack, to clap', OE clappan 'to move, to 
palpitate', OFris klappia id., MLG klappen 
id., MHG klaffen 'to sounď. Of imitative 
origin. Cf. *klappan ~ *klappaz. Torp- 
Falk 56; Wissmann JVP 175; Holthausen 
AEEW 51; Martinet Gém. 168, 170; 
Vries ANE1V 314; Onions 179. 

*klatrójanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. klatra 'to 
beat, to knock', LG klateren 'to ratde, to 
clatter'. Cf. also OE clalrun^ 'drum, rat- 
tle'. Of imitative origin. Torp-Falk 55. 

*klautaz sb.m.: ME cleat 'wedge', MDu 
cloot 'balí, sphere', OHG kloz 'clod, lump, 
wedge' (mase, neut.). Close to Slav *gluda 
'lump'. Berneker I 307-308; Onions 
180; Trubachev Slav. jaz- V lil, ESSJa 
VI 144-145; Kluge-Seebold 452. 

*klawiban sb.m.: ON kláSi 'itch', OE 
cleweda 'clawing, seratching', OHG kla- 
wido 'scabies'. Derived from *klawjanan. 
Holthausen AEEIV 51; Pokorný I 361; 
Vries ANE1\ t 313. 

*klawjanan str. /wk.vb.: ON klá 'to 
serateh' (secondary *klaxanan), kleyja id., 
OE clawan 'to claw', OHG klawen 'to 
serateh'. Of unknown origin. Torp- 
Falk 58; Holthausen AEEIV 51; 
Jóhannesson IEJV 371; Pokorný I 361; 
Vries ANEJV 313; Onions 180; Seebold 
295-296. 

*klembanan str.vb.: OE climban 'to 
climb', MLG klimmen id., OHG klimbán 
id. Probably related to Lith glebiu, glebti 
'to grasp', Slav *globiti 'to fix together, to 
assemble'. See *klabon. Torp-Falk 56; 
Trautmann BSl\ r 91; Holthausen 
AEEW 52; Pokorný I 360; Onions 182 



klembanan 



216 



klubjo 



(nasalized form of *kkianan); Vasmer- 
Trubachev I 413; Trubachev ESSJa VI 
131-132. 

*klempaz ~ *klemp5 sb.m.: ON kleppr 
'plummet, lump', LG klimp 'small clifF'. 
Connected with *klampo. Zupitza Gutt. 
146; Torp-Falk 57; Vries ANEW 316 (to 
IE *glembh-). 

*klenanan str.vb.: OHG klenan 'to glue, to 
stick, to smear'. Transformation of the 
originál *klinanan identical with Olr gle- 
naid 'to adhere' < *gli-na- (Braune AHDG 
307). Cf. *klaiwaz. Pokorný I 32-363; 
Dybo BSA 39. 

*klen3anan str.vb.: OE clinsan 'to cling, 
to stick close', MDu clingen id., OHG 
pres. clinget 'crispať. If assimilated from 
*klem3anan, probably related to Lith 
glemžti 'to sweep, to snatch up'. Torp- 
Falk 56; Holthausen AEEW 52; Fraen- 
kel 156; Onions 182; Seebold 300; 
Pokorný I 361; Fvluge-Seebold 450. 

*klenkwaz adj.: ON klqkkr 'bending, soft', 
LG klinker 'weak'. Further connected with 
ON klqkkva 'to soften' < *klenkwanan re- 
lated to Lith gl^žtú, glizti 'to become 
flabby' < *gleng-. Torp-Falk 56; Jóhan- 
nesson IE] V 293-294; Pokorný I 401 (to 
Lith glěžnas 'weak'); Chemodanov SGGJa 
I 84; Vries ÁNEW 318; Fraenkel 157; 
Seebold 300-301. 

*kleubanan str.vb.: ON kljúfa 'to cleave, 
to spliť, OE cleófan id., OS pret. sg. klof 
id., OHG klioban id. Related to Gk yXíxptů 
'to hollow ouť and identical with Lat 
glubo 'to deprive of the bark, to bark, to 
peef < *gleubh5 (Zupitza Gutt. 211). 
Torp-Falk 59; Holthausen AEE]V 51; 
Walde-Hofmann I 610—611; Jóhannes- 
son IEW 404-405; Pokorný I 401-402; 
Vries ANEW 317; Frisk I 315; Onions 
180; Seebold 301—302; Kluge- Seebold 
449. 

*klewón sb.m.: ON klé 'one of the stones 
to keep the warp straight in the old up- 
right loom', OE cleowe 'balí of ťhreaď. 
Related to *klaujanan. Torp-Falk 58. 

*kliběnan ~ *klibójanan wk.vb.: ON 
klifa 'to repeať, OE clifian 'to cleave, to 



adhere', OS klibon 'to adhere', OHG kle- 
běn 'to glue, to stick'. Derived from *ktiba- 
nan. Holthausen AEE]V 52; Seebold 
297; Fvluge-Seebold 447. 

*klibrójanan wk.vb.: ON klifra 'to climb', 
OE clifian 'to scratch, to claw'. Related 
to *kllbanan. Holthausen AEE]V 52; 
Vries ANEW 317. 

*klifan sb.n.: ON klif 'clifF, OE elf id., OS 
klif id., OHG kleb id. Related to *klíbanan. 
Torp-Falk 58; Holthausen AEEW 52; 
VRiEs/ljVETr316-317; Onions 182. 

*klíbanan str.vb.: ON klífa 'to climb', OE 
clífan 'to cleave, to adhere', OFris kltva 'to 
hang', OS bi-kliban 'to také rooť, OHG 
az-klíban 'to stick fasť. Related to Slav 
*glibati 'to stick, to get stuck'. Zupitza 
Gutt. 147; Torp-Falk 58; Holthausen 
AEEW 52; Jóhannesson IEW 365-373; 
Pokorný I 363-364; Vries ANEW 316- 
317; Onions 181; Stang LS 22 (to Slav 
*glbběti 'to stick fasť); Trubachev ESSJa 
VI 124; Seebold 296-297. 

*klíd5n sb.m.: OE clída 'plaster, salvě, 
poultice'. Close to Gk yMttov y^.oióv 
(Hes.), Lith glitiis 'smooth, sticky', Latv 
glist 'to be slimy'. Torp-Falk 58; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 51; Pokorný I 364; Frisk 
I 313; Onions 183. 

*klowo ~ *klěwó sb.f: ON klá 'claw', 
OE clawu 'nail, claw, hoof, OFris klaune, 
kle 'claw', MLG kla, klouwe id., OHG 
klawa id., kloa id. Connected with *klaw- 
janan. May be further related to Toch B 
kolyi 'clawed paw (?)' (Adams TB 205). 
Kock ANF XXXII 198; Zupitza Gutt. 
146; Torp-Falk 58; Holthausen AEE]Y 
51; Pokorný I 361 (to Skt gláu- 'round 
lump'); Vries AJíE]V 317; Zalizniak II 
209; Onions 180; Fvluge-Seebold 447. 

*kluban ~ *klubó sb.n./f: ON klof 
'cleft between the legs', OE clufu 'ear of 
corn, clove of garlic'. See *klubon. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 53; Vries ANEW 317. 

*klubjó ~ *klubjón sb.f: ON klyf 
'trunk on a pack-horse', OHG klubba 
'tongs, a split piece of wood ušed as 
tongs'. Derived from *klubon. Torp- 
Falk 59. 



klubou 



217 



knatrojanan 



*klubon sb.m.: ON klofi 'cleft, rifť, OE 3 e- 
clofa 'copy of a destroyed documenť, 
OFris klova 'chasm', OS fugal-klovo 'perch 
(of the bird-catcher)', OHG klobo 'snare, 
trap'. Derived from *kleuíanan. Zupitza 
Gutt. 211; Torp-Falk 59; Holthausen 
AEE\V 53; Vries ANEW 317; Seebold 
302; Keuge-Seebold 451. 

*klunčtraz sb.m.: Norw klundr 'balí, lump', 
LG klunder 'bush'. Of unknown origin. 
Vries ANEW 318 (to ON klettr 'rock, 
clifT'). 

*klun3az ~ *klun3o sb.m./f.: ON klungr 
'bramble', OHG klunga 'balí'. Derived 
from *kkn^anan. Vries ANE]V 318 (to 
*klanyjanan). 

*klunjanan wk.vb.: ON klunna 'to cling', 
OE clynian 'to wrap'. Related to *klewon. 
Holthausen AEE]V 53; Pokorný I 361; 
Vries ANEW 318 (related to *klów5 ~ 
*klewo). 

*kluppjanan wk.vb.: OE clyppan 'to 
embrace, to clasp', OFris kleppa id. 
Related to Toch B klup- 'to squeeze' 
(Adams TB 226). Zupitza Gutt. 146; 
Holthausen AEE]V 53; Pokorný I 362 
(to Slav *glyba 'clod, lump'); Onions 182 
(to Lith glebti 'to embrace'). 

*kluttaz sb.m.: OE clott 'cloť, MHG klotz 
'lump'. With *-tt- < *-dh- close to Lith 
gludús 'smooth, soft' (related to glaíísti 'to 
cling'). Holthausen AEES I '53; Pokorný 
I 362; Fraenkel 155-156; Onions 183. 

*klútaz sb.m.: ON klidr 'kerchief, OE clút 
'small piece of cloth, patch', MLG klút, 
klúte 'patch'. See *kluttaz. Torp-Falk 
59; Holthausen AEE]V 53; Onions 
183. 

*knabilaz sb.m.: ON knefill 'post, pole', 
OS knevil 'short crossbar', OHG knebil 
'columbar, horse's collar'. Derived from 
*knabon (see *knappaz I). Zupitza Gutt. 
147; Torp-Falk 49; Vries ANEW 321 (to 
*knappaz L); Fvluge-Seebold 455. 

*kna33az sb.m.: Swed kiiagg 'knag, gnarl', 
ME knagge id., MLG knagge id. A pho- 
netic variant of *knakkaz ~ *knakko. Torp- 
Falk 49. 

*knakkaz sb.m.: Icel knakkr 'fracture, 



crash', ME cnak id., G Knack id. His- 
torically identical with *knakkaz ~ *knakkó. 
Kluge-Seebold 453. 

*knakkaz ~ *knakk5 sb.m./f: ON 
knakkr 'littie chair, high stool', LG knacke 
'peg'. Cf. verbal derivatives in MLG 
knacken 'to crash', early G knacken id. Of 
unknown origin. Can be the source of 
WGmc *knextaz > OE cniht 'boy, youth, 
servant, knighť, OFris knecht, kniucht 
'servant, soldier', OS knecht 'lad, youth', 
OHG kneht 'youth, servant' (for the 
semantics see *knappaz I). Zupitza Gutt. 
194; Torp-Falk 35 [*knextaz to *kenpan), 
48-49; Holthausen ÍT~ XLVII 307 
(*knextaz to *kna^az), AEE]V 54; 
Marttnet Gém. 137, 196; Pokorný I 
370; Vries ANE1V 319, 321; Onions 508; 
Fvluge-Seebold 453. 

*knappaz I sb.m.: ON knappr 'knob, stuď, 
OE cnepp 'top, cop, knop', OFris knapp 
'knob', MLG knapp 'hilT. Of unknown 
origin. WGmc words for 'boy' reflecťing 
*knap(p)an and *knaidn probably belong 
here (OE cnapa, cnafa, ODu mapo, OHG 
knapo, knappo, knabó). For the semantics cf. 
Slav *kopyl~b 'shoot, branch' ~ 'bastard, 
boy, servant'. Torp-Falk 49; Holt- 
hausen AEE] V 54; Marttnet Gém. 117, 
196; Vries ANEW 320 (to Gk yóntpoq 
'bolt, dowel', yvánnTto 'to bend, to 
curve'); Onions 507; Luhr Expr. 274- 
275; ííluge- Seebold 453. 

*knappaz II adj.: ON knappr 'scanty', 
MLG knap 'scanty, scarce, rare, spáre'. 
Probably connected with *knappaz I. 
Karsten NB II 228-229, 455; Torp- 
Falk 49; Pokorný I 370; Vries ANEW 
320 (to Gk yvánTO), Kvájtxco 'to bend, to 
curve'); Heidermanns 337. 

*knarruz sb.m.: ON knqrr 'merchant ship', 
ME knarre 'knag, gnarl', Du knar 'tree 
stump'. Similar to *kna$3az and *knappaz 
I. Falk WuS, IV 109; Vries A7VEIK323. 

*knatrójanan wk.vb.: Norw knatra 'to 
crackle', MDu cnateren 'to growl, to grum- 
ble', G knattern 'to crackle'. Somehow 
connected with *knakkaz. Vries ANE]\ 7 
321. 



knausaz 



218 



knuppaz 



*knausaz sb.m.: ON knauss 'knoll, crag', 
G dial. knaus 'button-like topping on the 
bread loaf. Derived from *knusjanan ~ 
*knusojanan. Vries IF LXXII 136-150 
(to Notw kmist 'knotty log'), ANEW 320. 

*knedanan str.vb.: OSwed pres. knodha 'to 
kneaď (< *knuia-), OE cnedan id., OS 
part. gi-knedan id., OHG knetan id. 
Compared with Slav *gnetq, *gnesti 'to 
press' (Lottner K% XI 193). Zupitza 
Gutt. 147; Torp-Falk 49; Holthausen 
AEEW 54; Jóhannesson IEW 332-337; 
Pokorný I 370—373; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 72; Vries ANEW 322; Onions 
507; Seebold 303-304; Stang LS 23; 
Trubaohev ESSJa VI 165-166; Kluge- 
Seebold 455. 

*knewan sb.n.: Goth kniu 'knee', ON kné 
id., OE cneó id., OFris km, kně id., OS knio 
id., OHG knio id. From *gneuo-, a ťhe- 
matic derivative of IE *genu- id.: Hitt 
genu-, Toch A duál. kanwem, B keni, Skt 
janu, Arm cum, Gk yóvu, Lat genii and the 
like (Kuhn KZ I 129). Petersson SVSL 
I 7; Zupitza Gm/í. 194; Torp-Falk 49; 
Lohmann Genus 13; Holthausen AEE]\ j 
54; Walde-Hofmann I 592-593; Feist 
313; Mayrhofer I 429; Pokorný I 381; 
Vries ANEW 320; Zalizniak I 146; Frisk 
I 321; Onions 507; Lindeman Verschárfung 
16.18; Lehmann GED 220; Puhvel IV 
146-151; Kluge-Seebold 456; Adams 
TB 193; Burlak IFTJa 240. 

*kněanan str.vb.: ON kná 'to be able', OE 
cnáwan 'to know'. An archaic morphono- 
logical variant of IE *gem- 'to know': Skt 
pass. jňayáte 'to be known', Toch A kna-, 
Gk YiyvróoKeo 'to come to know, to per- 
ceive', Lat (gjnosco 'to know', Lith žinóti, 
Slav *znati. See *kanna. Zupitza Gutt. 
193; Torp-Falk 36; Holthausen AEEW 
54; Walde-Hofmann II 176-177; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW 331-332; Mayrhofer I 447 
Pokorný I 376-378; Fraenkel 1310 
Vries ANEW 319; Frisk I 308-309 
Onions 508; Vasmer-Trubachev II 
100-101; Seebold 302-303; Burlak 
IFTJa 243. 

*kněwaz ~ *kněwiz adj.: Crim. Goth 



acc. sg. knauen 'gooď, ON knár 'pithy, vio- 
gorous', OE on-cnéwe 'known, recog- 
nizeď. Related to Mír gnóe 'excellent, 
beautiful' (Much Idg. Anz- LX 198), Lat 
gnduus 'busy, diligenť. See *kneanan. 
Fíarsten NB II 193-194; Bezzenberger 
BB III 81; Torp-Falk 36; Feist 313; Po- 
korný I 378; Vries ANEW 320; Seebold 
303; Hamp IF LXXXI 39; Hamp IF 
LXXXI 39 (Celto-Germanic parallel); 
Lehmann GED 219; Heidermanns 337— 
338 (reconstructs *knawaz and *kněwiz). 

*kníbaz sb.m.: ON knífr 'knife', OE cníf 
id., OFris haf id., MLG haj id., G dial. 
Kneij í shoemaker's knife'. Related to *km- 
panan despite the difference in the inlaut 
consonantism. Zupitza Gutt. 148; Torp- 
Falk 50; Falk ANF XLI 1 1 8; Pokorný I 
370-371; Vries ANEW 321; Onions 
508. 

*knípanan str.vb.: Norw dial. knipa 'to 
pinch', MLG knipen id. Identical with 
Lith gnýbti id., žnýbti id. Torp-Falk 50; 
Trautmann BSW 93; Pokorný I 370- 
371; Fraenkel 159; Stang LS 23. 

*knočtiz sb.f: Goth knops 'race, stock', 
OHG knot, knuot 'origin, nature'. Conti- 
nues *gnotís close to Skt jňatí- 'kinsman', 
Gk yviatóq 'related by blood, brother'. 
Derived from *gem- 'to know'. Forste- 
mann KZ I 238; Torp-Falk 35; Feist 
313-314; Mayrhofer I 446; Pokorný 
I 373-375; Frisk I 306; Lehmann GED 
220; Bammesberger Jíom. 146. 

*knukójanan wk.vb.: ON knoka 'to 
knock', OE cnucian id., MHG knochen id. 
An imitative stem. Hellouist GHA 
XIV/2 12; Zupitza Gutt. 148; Torp-Falk 
50; Vries ANEW 322; Onions 508; 
Ktuge-Seebold 453 (to *knakkaz). 

*knuk5n sb.m.: MLG knoke 'bone', MHG 
knoche id. Probably related to *knewan. No 
direct connection with Gk yvúí; 'on uhe 
knees', where -\ is analogical (Schwyzer 
I 620). Torp-Falk 50; Pokorný I 381; 
Frisk I 317; Lůhr Expr. 219-220; 
Ktuge-Seebold 457. 

*knuppaz sb.m.: Norw dial. knupp 'buď, 
MLG knuppe id., OHG knopf 'knot'. 



knuppaz 



219 



kowz 



Identical with Olr gnobh 'knot, knag'. 
Torp-Falk 50; Pokorný I 371. 

*knusjanan ~ *knusojanan wk.vb.: 
ON knosa 'to bruise, to beať, OE cnyssan 
'to press, to strike, to punch', MDu cnosen 
'to pinch', OHG knussen 'to strike, to 
strike together'. An onomatopoeic for- 
mation, cf. *kmpanan. Torp-Falk 51; 
Holthausen AEE]V 55; Pokorný I 372; 
Vries AAEir 322. 

*knut(t)janan ~ *knut(t)j5janan 
wk.vb.: ON knytja 'to knit, to trass', OE 
cnyttan 'to tie, to bind, to kniť, MHG 
knutzen 'to squeeze'. Derived from *knut- 
ton. Holthausen AEEW 55; Vries 
AVEIT323 (to *knuta Z ). 

*knuttón sb.m.: OE motta 'knot, fasten- 
ing', MLG knotte 'knot, knob', MHG 
knotze id. Cf. *knútaz and *knuppaz. 
Holthausen AEE]V 55; Pokorný I 
372^373 (to Lith gniutú, gniústi 'to press, 
to push'); Onions 508. 

*knuzljanan wk.vb.: ON knylla 'to beat 
with a blunt weapon', OE cnyllan 'to 
knell, to sound a bell', MHG kniillen 'to 
punch, to kick'. Of imitative origin. 
Torp-Falk 51; Holthausen AEE\V 55; 
Pokorný I 372 (from *knusjanan ~ *knuso- 
janari); Vries AMEW 323. 

*knúbilaz sb.m.: ON knýjill 'short horn', 
latě OHG knobel 'small bone'. Of un- 
known origin. Cf. *knukon? Pokorný I 
371—372 (to Lith gniáubti 'to embrace'; 
Vries AMEW 322-323; Kluge-Seebold 
457 (OHG < *knuwilaz). 

*knútaz adj.: ON sbst. knútr 'knot', MHG 
knúz 'bold, pert, overconfidenť. Related 
to *knuwjanan. Zupitza Gutt. 148; Torp- 
Falk 50; Wissmann MP 42-43; Pokorný 
I 371-373; Lerchner 152; Luhr Expr. 
281-282; Heidermanns 338-339; Kluge- 
Seebold 458. 

*knúwjanan wk.vb.: ON knýja 'to knock, 
to press', OE cnuwian 'to knock, to 
pounď, EFris knojen 'to press'. Distantiy 
related to Toch B nusk- 'to squeeze' 

< *gnu-sk- and Lith žniungú, žniúgti 'to 
falT, žniáugu, zniáugti 'to choke, to gag' 

< *gneu-g(h)-. Torp-Falk 50; Holt- 



hausen AEE\V 54; Pokorný I 371; 
Fraenkel 1321; Vries AMEW 323; Hei- 
dermanns 339; Adams TB 341. 

*kólaz ~ *koliz adj.: OE ml 'cool', MLG 
kol id., OHG kuoli id. Derived from 
*kalanan. Zupitza Gutt. 143; Torp-Falk 
40-41; Holthausen AEEW 56; Onions 
213; Seebold 288; Heidermanns 339. 

*kóljanan wk.vb.: ON kala 'to cool', OE 
célan 'to be cold, to become colď, OFris 
kěla 'to relieve', OHG kuolen 'to cool'. 
Derived from *kó~laz ~ *kb~liz. Torp- 
Falk 40-41; Holthausen AEE]V 56; 
Vrles AMEJV 342; Onions 502; Seebold 
288; Heidermanns 339; Boutkan OFED 
s.v. 

*kóniz adj.: Burg *konis 'bold', ON karnn 
'wise, skilful', OE céne 'keen, fierce, bolď, 
MLG koně 'valiant, brazen', OHG kuoni 
'valiant, brave, strong'. Derived from 
*kanna. Karsten VB 1113; Torp-Falk 
36; Holthausen AEEW 56; Pokorný I 
378; Vrks AMEW 342; Onions 502; 
Seebold 290; Piirainen 49-50; Matzel 
Festschr. Schroder 98, 109-110, KZ CV 
136; Luhr Expr. 537-538 (from *kno-niz) 
Bammesberger Mom. 243 (follows Luhr) 
Kobler 711; Heidermanns 339-340 
Fvluge-Seebold 491. 

*kónín sb.f.: ON Iqg-komi 'skill in the law', 
OHG kuoní 'courage, strengdr'. Derived 
from *komz. Heidermanns 340. 

*kopjanan ~ *kóp5janan wk.vb.: ON 
kápa 'to staré, to gape', OE cépan 'to 
observe, to keep, to regarď. Related to 
Lith žébiu, zébtí 'to eat unwillingly', Slav 
* zobati ~ *zobiti 'to peck, to care'. The 
originál meaning seems to be preserved 
in ON (Zupitza Gutt. 194). Torp-Falk 
34; Trautmann BS1 V 364; Holthausen 
AEEW 56; Pokorný I 349; Vries AMEW 
326; Vasmer-Trubaghev II 102 (against 
Zupitza). 

*kowz ~ *kúz sb.f.: ON kýr 'cow', OE cú 
id., OFris ku id., OS kó id. (< *kb~wiz), 
OHG kuo id. (z-stem witír traces of a root 
stem in pl.). Related to Toch A acc. sg. 
ko, B ke u id. Skt gáu- 'bull, cow', Av gmš 
id., Arm kov 'cow', Gk fJoíi<; 'bullock, 



kowz 



220 



kranon 



bull', Lat bos 'ox, bull, cow', Olr bó 'cow', 
Latv guovs id., Slav *gov-^do 'cattle' 
(Fórsterman KZ I 493). Kern KZ I 
237-240; Bartholomae 505-509; Torp- 
Falk 45; Holthausen AEE]V 62; 
Walde-Hofmann I 112; Mayrhofer I 
351; Pokorný I 482-483; Vries ANEW 
340-341; Zalizniak II 209; Frisk I 
260-261; Onions 223; Trubachev ESSJa 
VII 74-75; Peeters KZ LXXXVIII 
134-136 (reconstructs *kwoz); Bammes- 
berger Nom. 200; Griepentrog ]Vurzel- 
nomina 233-256; Kluge-Seebold 491; 
Adams TB 189. 

*krabl5janan wk.vb.: ON krafla 'to paw, 
to scrabble with the hands', MLG krabbeln 
'to crawl'. Probably derived from *krat- 
bon. Vries ANEW 328. 

*krabb5n sb.m.: ON krabbi 'crab', OE 
crabba id., MLG krabbe id. Borrowed from 
an unknown Mediterranean source, cf. 
Gk Kapapo? 'horned beede, crayfish' > 
Lat cárabus 'a kind of sea-crab' of the 
samé origin. Cohen BSL XXVII 100 
(Ethio-Sem parallels); Torp-Falk 52; 
Walde-Hofmann I 164; Holthausen 
AEE]V 58-59; Marttnet Gém. 87; Cohen 
BSL XXVII 100; Vries ANEW 328 
(*'scratching animal', to Gk ypáipco 'to 
scratch, to write'); Onions 223; Lůhr 
Expr. 296; Kluge-Seebold 481. 

*krafjanan wk.vb.: ON krejja 'to demanď, 
OE crafian 'to ask, to implore'. Of uncer- 
tain origin. ZuprrzA Gutt. 212; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 59; Pokorný I 388; Vrtes 
ANEW 329. 

*kraftiz ~ *kraftuz sb.m.: ON haptr, 
hqptr 'might, strength, power', OE cncft 
'power, might, art, skill', OFris heft 
'might, strength, power', OS krajt id. (also 
fem.), OHG kraji id. (fem.). Derived from 
*krajjanan. Zupitza Gutt. 149; Torp- 
Falk 52 (to Slav *krěprt>kb 'strong'); 
Holthausen AEE]V 59; Pokorný I 388; 
Vries ANEW 329 (to *krappaz); Zalizniak 
II 201; Onions 224. 

*krakon sb.m.: ON kraki 'pale, stake', 
OHG kracko, krahho 'hook, harpuně'. 
Of unknown origin. Torp-Falk 51; 



Pokorný I 385 (to Gk yupyaOóc; 'wicker- 
baskeť); Vries ANEW 328; Lerghner 
161. 

*krammjanan wk.vb.: ON kretnja 'to 
squeeze, to bruise', OE crammian 'to 
cram, to stuff', MLG krammen 'to clutch 
with claws'. Derived from *hemmanan. 
Zupitza Gutt. 149-150; Torp-Falk 52; 
Holthausen AEE1V 59; Onions 224. 

*krampjanan wk.vb.: ON kreppa 'to 
clench', OHG part. widar-gi-chrampft 'to 
rise'. Derived from *krempanan. Torp- 
Falk 53; Seebold 308. 

*kran3az adj.: ON krangr 'weak, crank', 
MLG krangh 'weak, worn out, ill', OHG 
kranc 'weak'. Derived from *hen^anan. 
Karsten NB I 69; Torp-Falk 52 
Seebold 309; Heidermanns 341. 

*kranx5 sb.f: OM há 'angle', OE cró^. 
cróh 'corner', MLG hoch 'fenced lanď 
Connected with *heri3az despite the 
unvoiced *-*-? Holthausen AEE][' 6 
Pokorný I 385; Vries ANEW 327 (to 
*xren^az). 

*krankaz adj.: OESc kranker 'bad, wickeď, 
OFris kronk 'weak, ill', MLG hank id., 
OHG kranc 'weak, invalid'. A phonetic 
variant of '"kran^az. Torp-Falk 52; 
Seebold 308-309; Toporov PJa II 
289-290 (to Lith gr^žti 'to drill, to bore'); 
Hetdermanns 341—342; Kluge-Seebold 
483. 

*krankjanan wk.vb.: OESc hienkas 'to get 
worse', OFris krenza 'to damage', OHG 
bi-hanken 'to make ill'. Derived from 
*hankaz. Heidermanns 342. 

*kranón sb.m.: ON trani 'crane' (with 
irregular Í-), OE cran id. (< *hanaz), OS 
hano id., OHG hano id. Etymologically 
and derivationally close to Gk yépavoq 
id., Gaul (tri)garanos id., W garan id., Corn 
garan id., Bretgflran id., Lith gamy s 'heron, 
stork'. Probably further related to *ker- 
ranan. Zupitza Gutt. 149; Suolahti 
DVN 292; Torp-Falk 39; Holthausen 
AEE]V 59; Pokorný I 384; Fraenkel 
137-138; Vries ANE]V 596; Zalizniak II 
179; Frisk I 299; Onions 225; Kluge- 
Seebold 483. 



kranukaz 



221 



kreso 



*kranukaz sb.m.: OE cranoc, cornuc 
'crane', MLG kranek id., OHG kranuh, 
kranih id. Close to Arm krunk id. < 
*gerungo- (Meillet BSL XXXVI 121-123). 
On the otíier hand, may be a later deri- 
vative from *kranon. Zupitza Gutt. 149; 
Holthausen AEEW 59; Pokorný I 384; 
Kluge-Seebold 483. 

*krappaz adj.: ON krappr 'narrow, 
straighť, MLG krap 'meagre, moderate', 
G dial. krapj 'unprepossessing'. Of 
unknown origin. Karsten JVB I 51; 
Torp-Falk 52; Martinet Gém. 1 75; 
Pokorný I 387-388; Vries ANE]V 328 
(to Slav *grab~b 'hombeam'); Lůhr Expr. 
269, 288; Heidermanns 342-343; 
Kluge-Seebold 482 (reconstructs *kram- 
paz > OHG krampfcmokeď, ON krappr). 

*krattaz ~ *krattón sb.m.: ON kartr 
'carť (with metathesis), OE crnet 'cart, 
charioť, MDu crat 'hamper', OHG kratto 
'basket'. Of unknown origin. Bugge 
Indf. 258; Torp-Falk 51; Holthausen 
AEEW 59; Pokorný I 386 (to Lith grandu 
'braceleť); Vries AMEW 302-303. 

*kraunjan ~ *kraunójanan wk.vb.: 
ON krauna 'to splash, to patter', MDu cro- 
nen 'to moan, to groan', OHG kronen 'to 
chat'. Of imitative origin. Pokorný I 
384; Vries ANEW 329 (to Lat grús). 

*kremmanan str.vb.: OE crimman 'to 
crumble', OHG krimman 'to bite, to de- 
vour'. Probably related to Lat grémium 
'lap, bosom', Lith grumiúos, grúmtis 'to 
struggle, to wrestle'. Torp-Falk 52; 
Walde-Hofmann I 621; Pokorný I 383. 

*krempanan str.vb.: ON part. kroppinn 'to 
cripple', MLG krimpen 'to slavě away, to 
grab', OHG krimpfan 'to rub'. Probably 
related to Toch B krdmp- 'to disturb, to 
check' (Hilmarsson Mat. 174). Torp- 
Falk 53; Jóhannesson IEW 347-355; 
Pokorný I 385-390; Vries AMEW 331 
(to Lith grúbti 'to congeal', Slav *grqbrb 
'rough'); Seebold 308 (to Latv grumbt 'to 
get wrinkleď); Adams TB 216. 

*kren3anan str.vb.: OE crin^an 'to yield, 
to fall, to perish', OFris pret. pl. krungon 
'to receive'. Related to Lith grgžiú, gr^žti 



'to turn'. Torp-Falk 52; Holthausen 
AEEW 60; Jóhannesson IEW 350; 
Pokorný I 385-390; Fraenkel 167-168; 
Vries ANE]V 328; Seebold 308-309. 

*kren3az sb.m.: Gep *krings 'aréna', ON 
adv. kring 'rounď, MLG krink 'circle, 
ring', MHG krinc id. Derived from 
*krensanan. The relation to *xren^az is not 
clear. Karsten NB I 33, II 272; Torp- 
Falk 52; Pokorný I 385-386; Vries 
ANEW 330; Kobler 715; Heidermanns 
344; Kluge-Seebold 487. 

*kren3lón sb.f: ON kringla 'circle, disk', 
MLG kringel id. Derived from *kren^az. 
Zupitza Gutt. 82, 205; Vries ANEW 330. 

*kreupanan str.vb.: ON hjúpa 'to creep, 
to crouch', OE creópan 'to creep, to 
crawť, OFris křupa, kriápa id., MLG krepen 
id. Related to Lith grúbti 'to stiffen', Slav 
*grub~b ~ *grqbrb 'rough' (for the meaning 
cf. *kruppaz I). Zupitza Gutt. 212; Torp- 
Falk 54; Holthausen AEE]V 60; 
Jóhannesson IEW 347-355; Pokorný I 
389 (from *greu-b-); Fraenkel 172-173; 
Vries ANEW 331; Onions 227; Seebold 
310; Trubachev ESSJa VII 145-146; 
Trubachev ESSJa VII 145-146. 

*kreustanan str.vb.: Goth kriustan 'to 
gnash teeťh', OSwed krýsta id. Close to 
Latv skraustét 'to crackle', Slav *xrustěti 
id. < *skrou-st-. Meyer Goth. 3 (to Gk 
ypTJ^co 'to grunt'); Zupitza Gutt. 82; 
Torp-Falk 54 (to Gk Ppt>xco 'to gnash, to 
devour'); Feist 315 (to Lith gráužti 'to 
gnaw, to bite off'); Pokorný I 405-406 
(to Lith grukšeti 'to crash'); Trubachev 
ESSJa VIII 104; Lehmann GED 221. 

*krě[kaz sb.m.: Goth Kreks 'Greek', OE pl. 
Crécas id., OFris Crec-land 'Greece', OHG 
pl. Kriehhi 'Greek'. Despite phonetic 
difficulties, an early (indirect?) borrowing 
from Lat Graecus id. (ííretschmer Festschr. 
Much 279-280). Thumb ~ř/IIJVII 264: 
Jacobsohn Z dadl lxvi 223-225 
Holthausen AEE]V 60; Feist 314-315 
Onions 412-413; Lehmann GED 
220-221. 

*krěsó sb.f: ON krás 'dainty', OE créas 
'delicacy, fooď. Of unknown origin. 



křes o 



222 



kukjanan 



Walde IF XIX 101 (to Skt pásati 'to 
swallow, to consume'); Zupitza Gutt. 150; 
Torp-Falk 53; Pokorný I 474-476 (from 
*§V- 'to swallow'); Vries ANEW 329. 

*krítanan str.vb.: Crim. Goth criten 'to 
cry', MLG kuten 'to scream', MHG kňzen 
'to cry loudly'. Eventually connected with 
the group continuing IE *ger-\ Skt járate 
'to sough, to sounď, Lith gúrti 'to sound 
loudly'. Torp-Falk 53; Feist 112; 
Pokorný I 383-384; Lehmann GED 85. 

*kr5t5janan wk.vb.: Godr ga-kroton 'to 
crush, to smash', OSwed refl. krootas 'to 
break into pieces'. Cf. also *krattojanan > 
MLG kraben 'to scratch', OHG krazzon 
id. Of imitative origin. Holthausen IF 
XXXLX 71; Feist 187; Pokorný I 391; 
Onions 801; Lehmann GED 141 (to *ger- 
'to ripen'). 

*krubb5(n) sb.f.: ON krubba 'crib', OE 
cryb id., MLG krúbbe id. Of unknown ori- 
gin. See *kruppaz7 Holthausen AEE]V 
62; Vries ANEW 332 (to ON /b'o/'carcass 
of an animal'). 

*krudjanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. kryda 'to 
swarm, to abounď, MLG kroden, kruden 
'to pester, to trouble', MHG kroten id. 
Related to Lith grúdžiu, grústi 'to stomp, 
to bruise'. Torp-Falk 54; Pokorný I 
461; Fraenkel 173. 

*krumaz ~ *krumón sb.m.: Icel krumr 
'intestines', OE cruma 'crumb, fragment', 
MLG kromě, kromě id. Related to Gk 
ypí>|iéa 'bag for old clothes', Lat grúmus 
'litde heap, hillock' (Osthoff Morph. 
Unt. rV 124; Persson Wurzelerw. 124). 
Torp-Falk 54; Walde-Hofmann I 623; 
Pokorný I 388-389; Frisk I 329. 

*kruppaz I sb.m.: ON kroppr 'bump, 
bunch', OE crop 'sprout, bunch, cluster', 
MLG krop 'body, shooť. Based on *kreu- 
panan, with an unaccountable gemination 
of -p- > -pp-- Zupitza Gutt. 77; 
Holthausen AEE\V 61; Martinet Gem. 
187; Torp-Falk 55 (to Gk ypúrcót; 'hook- 
nosed, hooked, curveď); Pokorný I 389 
(reconstructs *greu-b-); Vries AjYEl\ z 331 
(< *krubnaz); Zalizniak I 133; Frisk I 
329-330. 



*kruppaz II sb.m.: ON pln. Kroppr, OE 
crop 'crop, craw', MLG krop 'crop', OHG 
kropf id. Identical with *kruppaz I. 
Holthausen AEE]V 61; Pokorný I 389; 
Onions 230; Kluge-Seebold 489 (to IE 
*g , ers-). 

*kruppilaz sb.m.: ON kryppill 'cripple', 
OE crypel id., MLG kroppel id., dial. G 
Kriipel id. Derived from *kruppaz I. 
Torp-Falk 55; Kluge-Seebold 490. 

*krutjanan wk.vb.: ON krytja 'to mur- 
mur'. Identical with Gk ypú^co 'to say, to 
grumble'. Zupitza Gutt. 212; Pokorný I 
406; Vries AMEW 332. 

*kruwilaz ~ *krauwilaz sb.m.: Norw 
dial. kryl 'hump, hunch', MLG krouwel 'a 
kind of gable', MHG krouwel 'crooked 
fork'. Of unknown origin. Torp-Falk 
53; Pokorný I 388. 

*kubbón sb.m.: Icel kubbi 'block, log', ME 
cob 'head, lump'. See *kubon. Pokorný I 
395-396; Vries AM.W 333 (to *kuppaz I). 

*kub5n sb.m.: ON kofi 'hut, sheď, OE cófa 
'co ve, cave, room, chamber', MLG cove 
'stable', MHG kobe id. Related to Gk 
yÚ7tr| • Koítao(ia ytj<;, §a\á.\n\, yravía 
(Johansson IF II 50). Looks like an old 
loanword, cf. Sem *kúbu- > Akk kubu 
'building'. Zupitza Gutt. 148; Torp- 
Falk 46; Holthausen AEE]V 56; 
Pokorný I 395-396; Frisk I 335; Onions 
222; Kluge-Seebold 459. 

*kudd5n sb.m.: ON koddi 'pillow', OE 
codd 'bag, sack, husk'. Of unknown origin. 
Petersson SVSU X 943 (to *kuiran); 
Zupitza Gutt. 81; Torp-Falk 46; Holt- 
hausen AEEJV 56; Martinet Gém. 163; 
Pokorný I 394; Vries ANEW 323; 
Onions 187. 

*kučtran sb.n.: MLG kodér 'double chin', 
early G Kodér id. Identical with Hitt kuttar 
'neck, upper arm', Lat guttur 'gullet, 
throať (Persson Beitrdge 109). Walde- 
Hofmann I 629; Pokorný I 394; Kluge- 
Seebold 460. 

*kukjanan wk.vb.: Goth kukjan 'to kiss', 
EFris kiikken id., Du dial. kukken id. A 
descriptive stem, hardly connected with 
*kussjanan. Feist Festschr. Hildebrand 25— 



kukjanan 



223 



kunčtiz 



25 (reduplicated *geu-); Grienberger Got. 
142^143 (to *kewwanan); Schrader- 
Nehring I 670 (to *kussjanan); Feist 
315-316; Pokorný I 626; Onions 506; 
Lehmann GED 221; Kluge-Seebold 496. 

*kukkaz sb.m.: ON kokkr 'cock, rooster', 
OE coc id. Of imitative origin. Zupitza 
Gutt. 197; Holthausen AEEW 55 (from 
Rom *coccus id.); Martinet Gétn. 197; 
Onions 186. 

*kulan sb.n.: ON kol 'coal', OE cil id., 
OFris kole id., MLG kol, kok id., OHG kol 
id. Related to Toch B šoliye 'hearťh', Olr 
gúal id. Torp-Falk 48; Holthausen 
AEEW 56; Sohulze KZ LVI 141 (to Skt 
jvalati 'to burn'); Pokorný I 399; Vries 
AKEW 324; Zalizniak II 183; Onions 
185; Kluge-Seebold 461; Adams TB 
635. 

*kulbaz ~ *kulbón sb.m.: ON kolfr 'bolt, 
pole', MLG kolve 'club, mace', OHG kolbo 
id., kolb 'staff'. Any connection with 
*kelpb~n ~ *kelpazl Sůtterlin IF TV 105; 
Persson Beitráge 64-65 (to Lat globus 'balí, 
sphere, globe'); Zupitza Gutt. 211; Torp- 
Falk 57 (to *klerrib anan); Pokorný I 359; 
Vries ANEW 324. 

*kuldjon sb.m.: ON kukli 'colď, MLG 
kukle id., G dial. kukle id. Related to *kal- 
daz. Vries ANEW 333; Lehmann GED 
214. 

*kuljaz sb.m.: ON kylr 'gust of cold air', 
OE cíle 'colď. Deríved from *kalanan. 
Holthausen AEE]\' 47; Vries ANEW 
340. 

*kulkaz sb.m.: Swed dial. kolk, kulk 'swal- 
low, mouťhful', OE cok 'hole, cask', OFris 
kolk 'hole full of water', MLG kolk, kulk 
id. Related to Slav *ghgati 'to swallow'. 
Further cf. *kelkaz ~ *kelkon. Torp-Falk 
41; Holthausen AEEW 56; Vries ANEW 
311; Trubachev ESSJa VI 157. 

*kullaz sb.m.: ON kollr 'summit, top, 
head', MLG kol 'head'. Related to Skt 
gull 'globe, pili'. Bersu Gutt. 185 (to Lith 
galva 'head', Lat galea 'leather helm'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 148; Torp-Falk 46; 
Mayrhofer I 341; Pokorný I 357; Vries 
ANEW 325. 



*kultaz sb.m.: Norw dial. kult 'plump, 
thick figuře; hill top', OE colt 'foal'. May 
be connected with Lith guldýti 'to cas- 
trate'. Torp-Falk 41-42 (to *kalbaz and 
Skt gadi- 'young bull' < *goldi-); Pokorný 
I 358; Fraenkel 175. 

*kumfoalan sb.n.: ON kumbl 'mark, sign, 
badge', OE cumbol 'sign, image, ensign', 
OS kumbal 'sign', OHG kumbal-boro 'stan- 
dard-bearer'. A difficult word. Fischer 
apud Vries (from Lat cumulus 'heap, 
pile'); Meringer IF XLX 445 (to ON 
kumbr 'chopping, cutting'); Holthausen 
AEEW 63; Vries ANEW 333-334. 

*kuna-wibjó(n) sb.f: Goth kuna-wida 
'cord, fetter', OE cynewidde 'royal wreath, 
diadem', OHG kuna-wid 'chain'. Com- 
pound of *kuna- related to *knewan and 
*wipjón (Meringer IF XVI 178). Grien- 
berger Got. 143 (compares with Lith 
kúnas 'body'); Schrader-Nehring I 677 
(samé as Meringer); Meissner Festgabe 
Bezold 132-136 (*kuna- to *kunjan); Torp- 
Falk 406; Feist 315-316; Carr Nom. 
comp. 44; Pokorný I 397 (to *kaunan ~ 
*kaunb~); Onions 1010; Lehmann GED 
221-222 (supports Meissner). 

*kundaz sb.m.: Goth airpa-kunds 'of earth- 
ly origin', ON ein-kunn 'sign, mark', OE 
ledel-kund 'of noble kinď, OS god-kund 'of 
divine kinď, OHG gomman-kund 'male, 
masculine'. Related to *kendiz. Structur- 
alfy identical with Skt jatá- 'born', Gk 
-yvr|TÓq, Lat (gjndtus. Karsten NB II 
316; Zupitza Gutt. 193; Torp-Falk 35; 
Walde-Hofmann I 597-599; Feist 26; 
Holthausen AEEW 63; Schulze Kl. Schr. 
70; Mayrhofer I 427; Pokorný I 
373-374; Meid Wortbild. 227-228; Vries 
ANEW 334; Frisk I 306-308; Heider- 

MANNS 347. 

*kundiz sb.f: Goth uf gakunjxii 'dpxó|i£- 
V05', ON troll-kyndr 'descented from 
trolls', OE cýůdu 'native country, home', 
MHG kunde 'knowledge'. Derived from 
*kanna. Feist 187; Holthausen AEE]f 
68; Feist 187; Vries ANEW 334; Leh- 
mann GED 141; Seebold 290; Bammes- 

BERGER Nom. 141. 



kundjanan 



224 



kuppaz 



*kundjanan vvk.vb.: ON kynda 'to light, to 
kindle', MHG kúnten, kunden 'to ignite'. 
Derived from *kundiz. Vries ANEW 
340. 

*kundjan sb.n.: ON kyndi 'kind, kin', OE 
cynd 'nature, kinď. Related to *kunjan. 
Holthausen AEEW 67; Vries ANEW 
340. 

*kunin3a-čt5maz ~ *kunun3a-d5maz 
sb.m.: ON konung-dómr 'kingdom', OE 
cynin^-dóm 'kingly power, kingdom', OS 
kuning-dom id. Derived from *kuniri3az ~ 
*kunun3az. Carr Nom. comp. 75 (parallel 
formations). 

*kunin3a-rlkjan ~ *kunun3a-ríkjan 
sb.n.: ON konung-ríki 'kingdom', OE 
cynin^-ríce id., OS kuning-rlki id., OHG 
kuning-rlhhi id. Compound of *kunin.3az ~ 
*kunun^az and *rikjan. Carr Nom. comp. 
75 (parallel formations). 

*kunin3az ~ *kunun3az sb.m.: ON 
'king', OE cynin3 id., OFris kining, 
kening id., OS kuning id., OHG 
kuning id. Derived from *kuniz. Torp-Falk 
35; von Friesen apud Vries (to *kwenori); 
Holthausen AEE]\' 67; Vries ANEW 
326; Zalizniak I 133; Onions 506; 
Kluge-Seebold 470. 

*kuniz sb.m.: ON konr 'nobleman', OE 
cyne-helm 'crown, diadem'. See *kunjan. 
Torp-Falk 35. 

*kunja-fourenaz adj.: ON kyn-borinn 'of 
noble kin', OE cyne-boren 'of royal birth'. 
Compound of *kunjan and *burenaz, par- 
ticiple of *beranan. Carr Nom. comp. 61. 

*kunjan sb.n.: Goth kuni 'clan, tribe, race, 
generation', ON kyn 'kin, kinď, OE cyn 
id., OFris kinn, kenn id., OS kunni id., 
OHG kunni id. Continues IE *gnio- re- 
lated to Sktjánň- 'race', Av zana- 'people' 
(in cmpn.), Gk yévoi; id., Lat geniu 'birth, 
descenť. Cf. in particular Lat genius 'tute- 
lar deity' < *genios. Zupitza Gutt. 193; 
Bartholomae 1660; Torp-Falk 35; 
Holthausen AEE]\' 67; Walde- 
Hofmann I 597-599; Feist 316 
Pokorný I 375; Vries ANE]V 340 
Zalizniak I 145; Frisk I 306-308 
Onions 505; Benveniste IEL 368 



Lehmann GED 222; Bammesberger Nom. 
65. 

*kunněnan wk.vb.: Goth ga-kunnan 'to get 
to know', OE cunnian 'to prove, to try, to 
inquire', OS gi-kunnon 'to recognize', 
OHG kunněn 'to learn, to try'. Derived 
from *kanna. Holthausen AEEW 63; 
Feist 317; Seebold 289. 

*kunj)az adj.: Goth kunps 'known', ON 
kunnr, kuůr id., OE cúd id., OFris kuth id., 
OS kuth id., OHG kund id. Continues 
*gn.9-tó-, cf. Skt jňatá- id., Gk yvcotó? id., 
Lat (gjnotus id., Olr gnáth id., Lith pa- 
Žintas 'known'. Derived from *kanna. 
Negative *un-kunpaz > Goth un-kunps 
'unknown', ON ú-kúdr id., OE un-cúd id., 
MDu on-cont id., OHG un-kund id. is 
structurally close to Toch A aknats, B 
akndtsa id., Skt ájňata- id., Arm an-canauf 
id., Gk ayvcoTOc; id., Lat ignotus id., Olr 
ingnad. Torp-Falk 36; Holthausen 
AEEJV 64; Walde-Hofmann I 677; Feist 
317-318; Mayrhofer I 13; Pokorný I 
373-374; Chemodanov SGGJa I 77; 
Fraenkel 1310; Vries AMW 334; Frisk 
I 308-309; Onions 958; Seebold 290; 
Lehmann GED 223; Bammesberger Nom. 
251; Kluge-Seebold 493; Burlak IFTJa 
243. 

*kunj)jan sb.n.: Goth kunpi 'knowledge', 
ON kynni 'acquaintance'. Cf. also OHG 
ana-kundl 'accusation' < *-kunjJin. Struc- 
turally close to Lith pa-žintis 'acquaintance'. 
Derived from *kunpaz. Rosell UUA 
1942/7 109; Feist 317; Fraenkel 1310; 
Vries ANE]V 340; Lehmann GED 223. 

*kunj}janan wk.vb.: Goth ga-swi-kunpjan 
'to make manifest, to make known', ON 
kynna id., OE cýlan id., OFris kětha id., 
OS kúdian, cúdean id., OHG kunden id. 
Derived from *kunpaz. Torp-Falk 36; 
Holthausen AEEW 68; Feist 317; Vries 
ANEW 340; Onions 507; Lehmann GED 
223. 

*kuppaz sb.m.: ON koppr 'cup, small ves- 
sel', OE cop 'top, cop, summit', MLG kop 
'cup, bowl', OHG kopf l cup, skuli, heaď. 
Related to Latv gubt 'to benď, Slav 
•ti id. There are no reasons to 



kuppaz 



225 



kussuz 



reconstruct *gheubh- rather than *geub- for 
Balto-Slavic forms insofar as their Gmc 
parallels (Pokorný I 450) are not reliable. 
Torp-Falk 46; Holthausen AEE\V 57; 
Martinet Gém. 193; Pokorný I 395-396 
(to Gk yx>KX\- KoíAtona yřjq, 0aXá|ir|, 
ytovía, Hes.); Fraenkel 140; Zalizniak I 
133; Trubaohev ESSJa VII 188-189; 
Lůhr Expr. 275-276; Rluge-Seebold 
477 (from Lat cúpa 'tirb, cask'). 

*kurbiz sb.m.: ON kwfr 'chip, a cut-off 
piece', OE cyrf' cutting off' (fem.?), OFris 
kerfcuť. Derived from *kerbanan. Torp- 
Falk 40; Holthausen AEE]V 68; 
Seebold 292; Bammesberger .Nom. 131. 

*kurbjanan ~ *kurhójanan wk.vb.: 
ON pver-kyrfa 'to carve, to cut clean 
across', OE corfian 'to cut up small, to 
mince'. Derived from *keríanan. Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 58; Seebold 292. 

*kurna-xúsan sb.n.: ON kom-hús 'gra- 
nary, barn', OE com-hús id., OS kom-hús 
id., OHG kom-hús id. Compound of *kur- 
nan and *xúsan. Carr Nom. comp. 75 
(parallel formations). 

*kurnan sb.n.: Goth kaurn 'grain, wheať, 
ON kom 'corn, grain', OE corn id., OFris 
kom id., OS kom id., OHG kom id. 
Identical with Skt júrná-, jímá- 'old, 
decayed, withereď, Lat granum 'corn', 
Olr grán id., Lith zirnis id., Slav *zbrno id. 
Hm T Mg. Gr. II 130-131; Meillet BSL 
XXIV/74 109; Zupitza Gutt. 193; 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 52; Torp-Falk 38; 
Trautmann BS]\ 7 372; Holthausen 
AEEW 58; Walde-Hofmann I 618-619; 
Feist 309; Porzig Gliederung 195; 
Mayrhofer I 439; Pokorný I 390-391; 
Dybo VSJa 14-15, BSA 15; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 62; Fraenkel 1314; Zalizniak 
II 227; Vries ANEW 326; Onions 215; 
Vasmer-Trubachev II 95-96; Lehmann 
GED 216-217; Kxuge-Seebold 478. 

*kurna-westiz sb.f.: ON kom-vist 'store 
of corn', OHG korn-wist 'corn meal'. 
Compound of *kurnan and *westíz II. 
Carr Nom. comp. 84 (parallel formations). 

*kurnjan sb.n.: ON hamal-kyrni 'a kind of 
seeď, OS hrěn-komi 'wheať, OHG fol- 



cumi 'einkorn'. Derived from *kurnan. 
Lehmann GED 217. 

*kurtilaz sb.m.: ON kyrtill 'tunic, gown', 
OE cyrtel 'vest, garment, frock'. Goes 
back to Iranian (Av hrsti- 'a kind of 
clothes', Sogd qwrty 'shirť, Osset k^net 
id.) from where, probably, numerous 
North Caucasian and Kartvelian forms. 
Notě the resemblance with *jurčtilaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 68; Abaev I 609; 
Onions 506 (derived from Lat curtus 
'shorť); Nikolayev-Starostin NCED 
449. 

*kuruz adj.: Goth kaurus 'heavy, weighty'. 
From earlier *kwuruz. Related to Indo- 
European adjectives for 'heavy': Skt gurú-, 
Gk fSapíx; < *g u sru- (Feist 310). The 
development of the labiovelar in Germa- 
nic is not clear. Zupitza Gutt. 8 1 ; Torp- 
Falk 48; Feist 310; Mayrhofer I 340 
Pokorný I 476-477; Frisk I 221-222 
Peeters IF LXXLX 33-34 (< *g*r-u-) 
Lehmann GED 217; Heidermanns 355. 

*kusanaz adj.: Goth un-ga-kusans 'unqua- 
lified, unsuccessful', OE unse-coren 'un- 
chosen, evil'. Past participle based on 
*keusanan. Feist 519; Lehmann GED 219. 

*kusm5n sb.f: Norw kusma 'paroritis', Du 
kossem 'paunch, belly'. Of unknown ori- 
gin. Torp-Falk 60 (from *kwipsmon, to 
*kwipuz ~ *kwipaz). 

*kussjanan wk.vb.: ON kyssa 'to kiss', OE 
cyssan id., OFris kessa id., OS kussian id., 
OHG kussen id. Derived from *kussuz. 
Torp-Falk 48 (to Lat basium 'kiss'); 
Holthausen AEEW 68; Vries ANEW 
341; Onions 506; Fvluge-Seebold 496. 

*kuss5n I sb.m.: ON kussi 'calf, bullock', 
Du kuis id., G dial. kusse 'old sheep'. 
An affective derivative of *kowz ~ *kuz 
(Trautmann apud Vries). Vries ANEW 
335. 

*kusson II sb.f: ON kussa 'cow', MHG 
kuose 'female calf. See *kusson I. Vries 
AA r £II'335. 

*kussuz sb.m.: ON koss 'kiss', OE cos id., 
OFris koss id., OS kus id., OHG kus id. 
Derived from *keusanan. Zupitza Gutt. 
81 (to Olr bus 'mouth', Lat basium 'kiss'); 



kussuz 



226 



kwainojanan 



Torp-Falk 48; Holthausen AEE\V 58; 
Kluge PBB XLI 180 (to *kwet>anan); 
Feist 315; Pokorný I 399-400, 626 (to 
the descriptive stem *kus-); Vries ANEW 
327; Zalizniak I 133; Rluge-Seebold 
496; Hemrajani Festschr. Shevoroshkin 124. 
*kustiz sb.f.: Gotli ga-kusts 'approvedness, 
tesť, ON kostr 'choice, condition' (traces 
of z/stem), OE cyst 'choice, election', 
OFris kest 'choice', OS kust 'choice, deci- 
sion', OHG kust id. Structurally identical 
with Sktjárfz- 'love, favor'. Derived from 
*keusanan. Torp-Faek 48; Holthausen 
AEE]V 68; Feist 187; Porzig Gliederung 
122; Mayrhofer I 442; Pokorný I 400; 
Vries ANEW 327; Zalizniak II 201; 
Seebold 294; Lehmann GED 219; Bam- 

MESBERGER Nom. 157. 

*kustojanan wk.vb.: ON kosta 'to try, to 
tempť, OE costian 'to tempt, to try, to 
prove', OS koston 'to try, to attempť, 
OHG koston 'to try'. Derived from *kustiz, 
*kustuz. Structurally similar to Lat gustáre 
'to taste'. Torp-Falk 48; Holthausen 
AEEW 58; Walde-Hofmann I 628-629; 
Vries ANEW 327; Seebold 294; Kluge- 
Seebold 480. 

*kustuz sb.m.: Goth kustus 'test, trial', ON 
kostr 'choice' (traces of H-stem in acc. pl. 
koštu), MHG fem. kust 'tesť. Identical with 
Lat gustus 'tasting', Olr guss 'excellence' 
(Loth RC XLV 193). Derived from *keu- 
sanan. Torp-Falk 48; Holthausen 
AEEW 58; Walde-Hofmann I 628- 
629; Feist 318; Porzig Gliederung 122; 
Pokorný I 400; Vries ANEW 327; 
Zalizniak II 201; Seebold 294; Leh- 
mann GED 219; Bammesberger Mom. 140, 
157. 

*kutan sb.n.: ON kot 'cottage, huť, OE cot 
'cot, cottage, house', MLG kot id. Bor- 
rowed from dial. Irán *kuta-, cf. Av kata- 
'chamber' (Brondal APS III 1—31). See 
*xusan. Persson SVSU X 109 (to Skt 
gudá- 'intestine, anus'); Bartholomae 
432; Stender-Petersen Slav.-germ. 232- 
234 (from Slav *kot-bcb 'huť); Torp-Falk 
46-47; Holthausen AEE] V 58; Brondal 
APhS III 8-9 (to Fr cote 'huť as a Wtmder- 



wori); Pokorný I 393 (to *geu- 'to benď); 
Vries ANEW 327; Onions 219; Kluge- 
Seebold 432. 

*kutjón sb.f.: ON hús-kytja 'cottage', OE 
eyte id. Derived from *kutan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 48; Vries ANEW 341. 

*kuzan sb.n.: ON ker 'choice', OE ^e-cor 
'making a decision', OFris kor-birta 'con- 
secrated morsel'. Derived from *keusanan. 
Vries ANEW Ml; Seebold 294; Kluge- 
Seebold 494. 

*kúbaz sb.m.: ON kufr 'heap above the 
brim of a vessel'. Close to Gk yímiy 
KoíXtona yíÍ5, QaXá\ir\, yrovía (Hes.). 
Torp-Falk 46; Holthausen AEEW 66 
(< Rom *cupia); Pokorný I 395; Vries 
ANEW 333. 

*kúló(n) sb.f: ON kula 'balí, knob', 
MLG kule 'club', MHG kůle 'balí, globe, 
club'. Related to Skt gola- 'globe, balí'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 145; Torp-Falk 46; 
Mayrhofer I 349; Pokorný I 396-397; 
Vries ANEW 333. 

*kúr5janan wk.vb.: Icel kúra 'to duck, to 
crouch', MLG kúren 'to crouch', MHG 
kúren id. Related to Gk yupoc; 'rounď, 
Lith gurinti 'to mince while stooping', Slav 
*guriti (sej 'to tighten'. Falk Festschr. 
Bugge 18; Pokorný I 397-398; Fraenkel 
177; Vries ANEW 335; Frisk I 335-336. 

*kwabjanan str.vb.: ON kvejja 'to quench, 
to extinguish', OHG ir-queban 'to 
suffocate'. Related to Gk Pántco 'to dip' 
(Fick BB II 189). Torp-Falk 60-61; 
Jóhannesson IEW 412; Pokorný I 
465-466; Frisk 1218-219; Vries ANEW 
336; Seebold 311-312. 

*kwa<ijanan wk.vb.: ON kveSja 'to call 
on, to address', OE cweddian 'to greeť, 
OS queddian id., OHG quetten 'to greet, to 
call ouť. Causative of *kwepanan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 64; Vries ANEW 336; 
Seebold 319; Lehmann GED 278. 

*kwainójanan wk.vb.: Goth qainon 'to 
mourn, to wail', latě ON kveina 'to 
lament, to complain', OE cwánian 'to be- 
wail, to deplore'. Of unknown origin. 
Cf. *wainojanan. Fick BB VIII 331 (to 
Gk (08ÍVO) 'to háve birth pains'); Torp- 



kwainojanan 



227 



kwemanan 



Lith gíestu, giedóti 'to begin to sing'); Mohr 
ZDADL LXXVI 167 (ON < WGmc); 
Zupitza Gutt. 84; Holthausen AEEJV 64; 
Feist 385-386; Pokorný I 467; Vries 
AMEW 336; Lehmann GED 275 (to 
*wainqjanan). 

*kwaisón sb.f.: ON kveisa 'whitlow, boil', 
MLG quese 'hematocysť. Of unknown 
origin. Falk-Torp MD 604 (to *kaunan 
~ *kauno); Pokorný I 469 (to Gk Seicra 
'slime, filth'); Vries AMEW 337. 

*kwakójanan wk.vb.: ON kvaka 'to twit- 
ter', E quack, MLG quaken 'to quack, to 
croak', G quaken id. Of imitative origin. 
Torp-Falk 59; Vries AMEW 335. 

*kwaljanan wk.vb.: ON kvelja 'to tor- 
menť, OE cwellan 'to kill', OS quellian id., 
OHG quellen id. Derived from *kwelanan. 
Torp-Falk 62; Holthausen AEEW 64; 
Pokorný I 471; Vries AMEW 337; 
Onions 731; Seebold 313. 

*kwal5 ~ *kwělo sb.f.: Goth mase. or 
neut. ana-qal 'rest, quieť, ON kvql 'tor- 
ment, torture', OE cwalu 'quelling with 
weapons, torment, violent death', OS 
quála 'ordeal', OHG quala id. Derived 
from *kwelanan. Derivationally close to 
Lith gélá 'fierce pain', Slav *žalb 'sorrow'. 
Torp-Falk 62; Holthausen AEEW 64; 
Feist 43-44; Pokorný I 471; Fraenkel 
145-146; Zalizniak I 147; Onions 731; 
Seebold 313-314; Lehmann GED 32; 
Bammesberger Mom. 1 08; Kluge- 
Seebold 659. 

*kwastuz ~ *kwastaz sb.m.: ON hiQstr 
'bathing serub', MLG quest, quasi id., 
MHG quast id. Related to Alb gjeth 
'foliage' < *guozdo-, W both 'wheel-nave', 
Slav *gvoiďb 'wood, nail' (Brůckner 
AfslavPh XXXLX 10; Jokl IF XXX 
199-200). Torp-Falk 62-63; Pokorný 
I 485; Georgiev ^TBaft III 104-105 (on 
ethn. Costoboci < Gmc *kwasta-bok-)\ 
Kluge-Seebold 660; Orel AED 133 
134. 

*kwečtiz sb.m.: ON kvidr 'saying, speech' 
(traces of a-stem), OE cwide 'sentence, 
saying', OS quidi 'worď, OHG quiti 'sen- 



tence, saying'. Derived from *kwepanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 65; Vries AMEW 
338; Seebold 319; Lehmann GED 278; 
Bammesberger Mom. 136. 

*kweSwo(n) sb.f: ON kváda 'resin', OE 
cwidu 'cuď. Cf. also OHG quiti, kuti 'glue' 
(mase). The Scandinavian variant (at- 
tested also in ODan kvade, Norw dial. kwede 
'birch sap') with a long vowel seems to be 
secondary. Related to Skt jatu 'varnish, 
gum', Mír beithe 'birch', W bedw id. 
Zupitza Gutt. 85; Torp-Falk 60; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 65; Mayrhofer I 415; 
Pokorný I 480; Vries AMEW 335; 
Zalizniak II 219; Onions 233; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 156; Kluge-Seebold 444. 

*kwelanan str.vb.: OE cwelan 'to die', OS 
quelan 'to be subject to torture, to die', 
OHG quelan 'to suffer'. Related to Arm 
kelem 'to torture', Olr at-baill 'to die', W 
ballu id., Lith géld 'strong pain', OPrus 
gallan 'death', Slav *žalb 'pity'. Meillet 
Etudes 265, MSL VIII 165; Zupitza 
Gutt. 85; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. II 460; Torp- 
Falk 62; Trautmann BSW 83; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 64; Pokorný I 471; 
Fraenkel 145—146; Onions 731; See- 
bold 313—314; Vasmer-Trubaghev II 
34-35; Stang LS 21. 

*kweltlaz sb.m.: ON kveld 'evening', OE 
cwild-tíd 'dead time', cwield 'deauV, OHG 
quilti-werc 'work till nighť. Historic- 
ally, participle of *kwelanan identical with 
Latv part. dzelts 'stung'. Torp-Falk 62; 
Dybo VSJa 33; Kluge-Seebold 442. 

*kwellanan str.vb.: OS quellan 'to gush, to 
stream', OHG quellan id. Related to Skt 
galati 'to drop, to fall down'. Torp-Falk 
62; Holthausen AEE] I '57 (on OE collen- 
ferhS 'fierce-minded, bolď); Mayrhofer 
I 329; Pokorný I 471-472; Seebold 
314-315. 

*kwemanan str.vb.: Goth qiman 'to 
come', ON koma id., OE cuman id., OFris 
kutna id., OS kuman id., OHG queman id. 
Related to Toch A kum-, B kam- 'to 
come', Skt gámati 'to go', Av jamaiti id., 
Gk paívco id., Lat uenio 'to come'. 
Brugmann Grundrip II/3 89; Meillet 



kwemanan 



228 



kwerranan 



BSL XX 25 (originally athematic); 
Zupitza Gutt. 81, 86; Torp-Falk 61; 
Feist 387-388; Holthausen AEEW 63; 
Walde-Hofmann II 747-749; Kluge 
389-390; Endzelin A^XLIV 61 (to Iith 
gimti 'to be born'); Porzig Gliederung 209; 
Jóhannesson IE]V 41 3-41 4; Mayrhofer 
I 323; Pokorný I 463-465; Vries AMEW 
325; Frisk I 208-210; Ghantraine 
156-158; Onions 84, 193; Seebold 
315-317; Lehmann GED 276; Kluge- 
Seebold 465; Adams TB 160-161. 

*kwena-mannz sb.m.: ON kvenn-mair 
'woman', OHG quena-man 'uxorious per- 
son'. Compound of *kwenon and *mannz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 84 (parallel formations). 

*kwenínan sb.n.: Goth qinein 'female'. 
Related to *kwenon and identical with 
Slav poss. *ženim> 'belonging to woman'. 
Feist 388; Lehmann GED 277. 

*kwenkanan str.vb.: OE cwincan 'to dis- 
appear, to vanish', OFris quinka 'to be 
extinguisheď . Probably, a secondary for- 
mation based on the unattested *kwe(s)- 
nanan to be compared with Gk i^eívaiiev • 
apévvu|i£v, Hes. < *z-g"es-n-. Further cf. 
Skt jásáte 'to be exhausted, to languish', 
Gk oPévvi)|ii 'to extinguish', Lith gptů, 
gésti id., Slav *gasiti id. Holthausen 
AEEW 66; Pokorný I 479; Onions 731. 

*kwenón sb.f.: Goth qino 'woman, female', 
ON koná id. (pardy from *k(w)unon), OE 
cwéne 'woman, wife, queen, prostitute', 
OS quena 'woman, wife', OHG quena 
'wife'. Cf. also *kwěniz. Particularly close 
to Alb grua ~ grue 'woman' < *g"non (with 
dissimilation) unless the latter continues 
Gk ypaíx; 'old woman'. Related to Toch 
A sám, B šana id., Skt gná 'goddess, divine 
female', Av gma 'woman, wife', Arm kin 
id., Gk •yuvri 'woman', Olr hen id., OPrus 
genno id., Slav *žena id. (Kuhn K%_ I 129). 
Zupitza Gutt. 81, 86; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 
47; Torp-Falk 60; Trautmann B.S7T84; 
Holthausen AEEJi' 64; Schulze Kl. Schr. 
850; Feist 388; Mayrhofer I 351; 
Pokorný I 473—474; Trubachev Rod. 
105; Vries AJVEJV 325; Zalizniak II 196; 
Frisk I 333-335; Onions 731; Peeters IF 



XCrV 296; Lehmann GED 276-277; 
Kortlandt TIES II 77-79 (erroneously 
adds Toch A kji, B kliye 'woman'); Bam- 
mesberger Nom. 177, 203; Orel AED 
125; Adams TB 621. 

*kwerkjanan wk.vb.: ON kyrkja, kvirkja 'to 
strangle', OFris querka, quertza id., MLG 
querken id. Derived from *kwerko. Vries 
AME1 V 341; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*kwerkó sb.f: ON kverk 'throať, MLG 
querke, quarke id., OHG quena id. An 
obscure derivative of IE *g"erH- 'to swal- 
low', cf. Gk (3«pa9pov 'gulf, pit', Lith 
gurklys 'throať, Slav *gbrdlo id., *žbrdlo 
'orifice'. The samé structure is found in 
Lat gurg-ito 'to engulf, gurgulio 'corn- 
worm, weevil' (Torp-Falk 61). Zupitza 
Gutt. 86; Trautmann BSW 89-90; 
Jóhannesson IE1V 417; Pokorný I 475; 
Vrles ANEIV 337; Vasmer-Trubachev I 
441-442. 

*kwernu-stainaz sb.m.: ON kvern-steinn 
'millstone', OE cweorn-stán id., OS quirn- 
stěn id., OHG quirn-stein id. Compound of 
*kwemuz ~ *kwerno and *stainaz. Carr 
Nom. comp. 51. 

*kwernuz ~ *kwern6 sb.f: Goth asilu- 
qairnus 'millstone', ON kvern 'handmill' 
(pl. < *kwerniz), OE cweorn 'milí, quern', 
OFris quern 'millstone', OS querna id., 
OHG quirn, quirna id. Etymologically 
close to OPrus gimoywis 'milí', Lith girna 
'millstone', Slav *žbrny id. Petersson 
SVSL I 141; Zupitza Gutt. 84; Torp-Falk 
61; Trautmann BS][ t 89; Holthausen 
AEE]V 65; Feist 59; Porzig Gliederung 
140; Pokorný I 477; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 82; Vries ANE1T 337; Zalizniak 
II 201; Onions 731; Vasmer-Trubachev 
II 49-50; Lehmann GED 44-45. 

*kwerranan str.vb.: OE part. a-cworren 
'drunk'. Related to Skt giráti 'to swallow, 
to eať, Av jaraiti 'to swallow', Gk 
piPpróoKto 'to eat, to swallow', Lat uoro 'to 
swallow', Lith geriú, gerti 'to drink', Slav 
*žbrQ, *žerti 'to swallow'. Persson 
Beitráge 534, 755; Bartholomae 512; 
Torp-Falk 61; Trautmann BSW 89- 
91; Holthausen AEElť 65; Walde- 



kwerranan 



229 



kwemiz 



Hofmann II 836; Mayrhofer I 335; 
Pokorný I 474-476; Fraenkel 148-149; 
Frisk I 235-236; Seebold 318. 

*kwerruz adj.: Goth qairrus 'gentle, 
friendly', ON kyrr 'still, quieť, MLG quere 
'tame', MHG kirre, kiirre id. Related to 
Hitt kariia- 'to stop, to pause, to rest', 
Toch A kur-, B kwár- 'to become feeble, 
to age', Lidi gúrti 'to collapse, to be weak', 
Latv guřt 'to slacken'. Karsten MB II 
367; Grienberger Got. 171-172 (to Gk 
yílprjg 'voice'); Johansson KZ XXXII 479 
(to Skt guru- 'heavy', Gk (3apúq id.); Siebs 
KZ XXXVII 317 (samé as Johansson); 
Brugmann IF XXXIII 302; Zupitza Gutt. 
84; Torp-Falk 61-62 (follow Siebs); 
Feist 386; Fraenkel KZ LXrX 78 (to 
Lith gulús 'tired, weak'); Pokorný I 
476-477; Fraenkel 179; Vries AMEW 
341, MSS XXXV 73-92 (to IE *g»erH- 
'to praise', with Gmc *-rr- < *-rH- and 
secondary a-stem); Lehmann GED 275; 
Bammesberger Mom. 262; Knobloch KZ 
CIII 286-288 (a-stem under the influence 
of *xarduz\ < *g"er-ero- 'driven by a goaď); 
Heidermanns 350-352; Puhvel IV 
82—83; Kluge-Seebold 443; Dybo BSA 
22 (foUows Siebs). 

*kwessiz sb.f.: Goth ga-qiss 'agreement, 
arrangement', OE cwis 'saying, speaking'. 
Continues *g"et-ti-, a derivative in *-ti- of 
*kwepanan. Holthausen AEE] V 66; Feist 
196; Onions 89; Seebold 319; Lehmann 
GED 32; Bammesberger Mom. 142. 

*kwestjanan wk.vb.: Goth qistjan 'to 
destroy', Dan dial. quista 'to press', MLG 
quisten 'to destroy'. Derived from *kwesto. 
Torp-Falk 63; Feist 388-389; Lehmann 
GED 277. 

*kwestó sb.f.: MLG quist 'tormenť, MLG 
quist 'destruction', OHG quist 'tormenť. 
Related to the isolated Slav *žestb 'harď. 
Fick BB VI 211 (to IE *g«áj>- 'to press, to 
force'); Hirt PBB XXIII 352 (to Skt jásáte 
'to be exhausteď); Brugmann IF VI 103 
(to ON kvistr 'twig, branch'); Zupitza 
Gutt. 87; Grienberger Got. 172 (to Lith 
geniu, gesti 'to become defective'); Uhlen- 
beck PBB XXX 304 [contra Brugmann); 



Wood KZ XLV 64 (samé as Fick), MLN 
XVII 9, XXV 74; Sperber WuS VI 
31-32 (samé as Brugmann); Sturtevant 
Language VI 226 (to Hitt kištari 'to be 
wiped ouť); Vrles ANEW 339; Vasmer- 
Trubachev II 50; Lehmann GED 277; 
Puhvel W 121-123 (to Hitt kast-, kist- 
'hunger, starvation'), 168. 

*kwebanan str.vb.: Goth qipan 'to say', 
ON kveda id., OE cwefian id., OFris quetha 
id., OS quethan id., OHG quedan id. 
Probably related to Slav *gatati 'to speak', 
a variant of *gadati id. Wiedemann IF I 
513 (to Olr bel 'lip, moutli' < *g'etlo-, 
Arm kočem 'to calT < *g-oti-); Bezzen- 
berger BB XII 239, XVI 245 (to Lat 
arbiter 'spectator, witness'); Torp-Falk 
59-60; Feist 389-390; Holthausen 
AEEW 65; Johanisson AMF LXII 196- 
199 (development of meaning); Morgen- 
stterne MTS VII 1 16—120 (Iranian paral- 
lels); Jóhannesson IEW 410-411; 
Pokorný I 480-481; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 110; Vries ANEW 336; Onions 
734; Seebold 318-320; Lehmann GED 
277-278 (from *g"et- > Skt gádati 'to say, 
to speak'); Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*kwěďaz adj.: ME cwéd 'evil, baď, OFris 
quad id., MLG quat id., OHG quát id. 
Related to Lith sbst. géda 'shame' 
(Brugmann IF V 375-376), Slav *gydbkb 
'disgusting' and Alb zi 'black' < *g"edi-. 
Hirt IF XXXVII 236 (to Skt gutha- 
'excremenť); Zupitza Gutt. 86; Torp-Falk 
60; Trautmann BS][ t 81; Holthausen 
AEE] V 64; Pokorný I 484; Fraenkel 142; 
Stang LS 21; Heidermanns 348-349; 
Orel AED 524; Kxuge-Seebold 480. 

*kwědiz adj.: Goth un-qefrs 'unspeakable, 
unatterable', ON sam-kvceor 'concordanť, 
OE sóo-cwéde 'veracious'. Derived from 
*kwepanan. ICarsten MB I 98-99; Feist 
522; Seebold 319; Bammesberger Mom. 
261; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 102, KZ 
CV 113; Heidermanns 349. 

*kwěmiz adj.: ON kvtemr 'free to come', 
OE 3e-cwéme 'pleasant, grateful, accept- 
able', OFris *kěme 'pretty, beautiful', 
MDu be-quame 'usefuť, OHG bi-quami 



kwemiz 



230 



kwumctiz 



'suitable'. Derived from *kwemanan. Kars- 
ten MB I 96; Torp-Falk 61; Weisweiler 
IF LIII 55; Vries ANEW 339; Seebold 
316; Bammesberger Nom. 260; Matzel 
Festschr. Schroder 100, 117, KZ CV 108; 
Heidermanns 350; Rluge-Seebold 98. 

*kwěniz sb.f.: Goth qens 'wife', ON bán, 
kvén id., OE cwin 'woman, wife, queen', 
OS quan 'woman, wife'. Related to Skt 
jará- 'wife' (in cmpn.), Av jqni- 'woman' 
(Streitberg IF III 330). Further con- 
nected with *kwenon. Bartholomae 
603-604; Torp-Falk 60; Feist 386 
Mayrhofer I 429; Pokorný I 473-474: 
Vries ANEW 339; Zalizniak II 196 
Onions 731; Lehmann GED 275-276. 

*kwikwa-fexu sb.n.: ON kvik-fe 'live- 
stock', OFris quik-fia id. Compound of 
*kwikwaz and *fexu. Carr Nom. comp. 87 
(parallel formations). 

*kwikwaz adj.: ON kvikr 'alive', OE cvok 
id., OFris quik 'living', OS quik 'living, 
alive', OHG quec 'alive'. Secondary pho- 
netíc or taboo development of *kwiwaz. 
Torp-Falk 63; Holthausen AEE]V 65; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 77; Vries ÁNEW 
338; Onions 731; Lerchner 174; Hamp 
Festschr. Palmer 89; Piirainen 43-44; 
Lehmann GED 278; Bammesberger GL 
XXVI 259-263 (inlaut •-kw- from re- 
duplicated verb forms); Kt.f. tn Kratylos 
XXXVII 140; Heidermanns 352-353; 
Ktuge-Seebold 435. 

*kwikwjanan wk.vb.: ON kveykva, keykva 
'to quicken, to kindle', MLG quicken 'to 
enliven, to animate', OHG quicken id. Cf. 
also Goth ga-qiujan 'to make alive'. 
Derived from *kwikwaz. Feist 390; 
Heidermanns 352. 

*kwikw5n sb.f: ON kviká 'nesli under 
nails or claws', OE cwice 'quick-growing 
grass', MDu queke 'flesh under nails or 
claws', OHG quecka 'intiba'. Derived 
from *kwikwaz. Vries ANEW 338. 

*kwisójanan wk.vb.: ON kvisa 'to whisper, 
to gossip', LG dial. quesen 'to moan, to 
grumble', G dial. queisen 'to whimper'. 
Of imitative origin. Vries ANEW 
338-339. 



*kwibuz ~ *kwij)az sb.m.: Goth qipus 
'stomach, belly, womb', ON kviSr 
'womb', OE cwid 'womb', OHG quiti id. 
(< mase. *kwipiz). Identical with Olr bůh 
'worlď, W byd id., Bret bed id. < Celt 
*bitu- (Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 41). Further 
connected with *g s ás- 'to live'. For uhe 
semantic development cf. Russ život 
'belly' < Slav *životb 'life' based on the 
samé root. Schwentner IF LXI 234— 
236; Zupitza Gutt. 85; Greenberger Got. 
1 73 (to Lat uitulus 'calf '); Torp-Falk 60; 
Berneker I 297 (to Slav pl. *gatje 'pants'); 
Wood KZ XLV 60 (foUows Grien- 
berger), MP XVIII 303 (to Lat guttus 
'vessel'); Holthausen AEEW 66; Feist 
390; Pokorný I 467-469, 481 (to Olr bil 
'lip'); Vries ANEW 338 (to Lat botulus 
'sausage'); Zalizniak II 201; Anttila 
Schw. 91; Meid Festschr. Knobloch 253-254 
(follows Pedersen); Lehmann GED 278; 
Bammesberger Nom. 159; Meid Festschr. 
Knobloch 253-254; Kluge-Seebold 496; 
Adams TB 156 (to Toch A káts, B katso 
'belly, stomach' < *g"ot-ion-). 

*kwiwaz adj.: Goth qius 'alive'. Identical 
with IE *g"íuos id.: Skt jím-, OPers /&>«-, 
Gk fiío<; 'life', Lat uluus, Olr biu, bio 
(with short *-i- as in Gmc), Lith gývas, 
Slav *žin> derived from *gei- 'to hve' 
(Aufrecht KZ I 160). Karsten NB II 
409-411, 435; Zupitza Gutt. 87; 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 62; Torp-Falk 63; 
Trautmann BS]\ 7 76; Walde-Hofmann 
II 808-810; Feist 390-391; Mayrhofer 
I 440; Pokorný I 467-469; Dybo VSJa 
24 (pretonic shortening in Gmc); Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 77; Fraenkel 154; Frisk 
I 237-239; Onions 731; Lindeman 
Verscháifung 16.27; Lehmann GED 278; 
Schrijver II 355 (follows Dybo); 
Heidermanns 352-353. 

*kwómiz adj.: ON hug-kcemr 'ingenious', 
OE cwime 'pleasant, grateful, acceptable'. 
Derived from *kwemanan. Karsten JVB I 
115-116; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 107; 
Heidermanns 353-354. 

*kwumdiz sb.f: Goth ga-qumps 'gather- 
ing, synagogue, assembly', ON sam-kund 



kwumdiz 



231 



la3waz 



'feast, banqueť, OHG kumft 'arrival'. 
Derived from *kwemanan. Structurally 
identical with Skt gáti- 'going, moving', 
Av aiwi-gaiti- 'entrance', Gk (Man; 'step' 
reflecting IE *g*mti- (Meillet MSL XIX 
65-67). Bartholomae 88; Torp-Falk 
61; Feist 197; Mayrhofer I 319 
Pokorný I 463-465; Vries AMEW 334: 
Frisk I 208-210; Lehmann GED 147 
Bammesberger Nom. 141; Kluge-Seebold 
493. 
*kwumiz sb.m.: Goth qums 'coming, arri- 
val', OE cyme 'coming, approach', OFris 
on-keme 'penetration', OS kumi 'advent', 



OHG Jona -uf-kume 'arrival'. Derived from 
*kwemanan . Holthausen AEEl\ r 67; 
Feist 391; Seebold 316; Lehmann GED 
279; Bammesberger JVom. 131. 

*k(w)úmja-líkaz adj.: ON kými-ligr 
'amusing, funny', OE cym-líc 'comely, 
convenienť. Derived from *k(w)úmjaz. 
Holthausen AEEU 7 67; Vries ANEh r 
340. 

*k(w)úmjaz adj.: OE cyme 'becoming, 
suitable, lovely', OS cúmi 'weak', MHG 
kume 'thin, weak'. Derived from *kwe- 
manan. Torp-Falk 45 (to Gk yúalov 
'hollow'); Holthausen AEEW 67. 



1 



*labbaz ~ *labbón sb.m.: Norw labb 
'paw', OHG lappo 'palmula, oar blade'. 
An expressive form probably related to 
Hafan (Torp-Falk 370). Holthausen 
PBB LXVI 266; Lehmann GED 237. 

*ladjó(n) sb.f./m.: Icel ledja 'clay', OHG 
letto id. Related to Mír laith 'marsh, 
swamp', W llaid 'muď < Hatio-. Torp- 
Falk 360 (to *slaÉan); Můhlenbagh- 
Endzelin II 425 (to Latv rvn. Latě); 
Pokorný I 654-655; Levigkij IF CIII 
221. 

*la3an sb.n.: ON lag 'layer, shape', OE pl. 
je-/«3a 'collection of water', OS pl. aldar- 
lagu 'life-time', OHG ur-la.3 'fate' (mase.). 
Derived from He^janan. Torp-Falk 358; 
Holthausen AEE\V 242; Pokorný I 
658-659; Vries AJ\EJ V 683; Onions 518. 

*la3Janan wk.vb.: Goth lagjan 'to lay', ON 
leggjci 'to lay, to puť, OE lec^an 'to lay, to 
put, to pláce', OFris ledza 'to lay', OS leg- 
gian 'to produce', OHG leggen 'to lay'. 
Derived from Heyjanan. Structurally close 
to Slav Holiti 'to put, to lay' (Collitz 
Ptat. 77-78; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. II 572). 
Torp-Falk 358; Meillet MSL LX 144; 
Holthausen AEE]V 197; Feist 319; 



Pokorný I 659; Onions 519; Seebold 
325; Lehmann GED 5, 233; Kluge- 
Seebold 509-510. 

*la3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON laga 'to shape, to 
put right, to menď, OFris lagia 'to estab- 
lish'. Derived from Ha^an or He^janan. 
Seebold 325; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*la3uz sb.m.: ON Iqgr 'sea, lake', OE la^u 
'sea, water', OS lagu-strom 'sea currenť. 
Identical widr Lat lacus 'lake', Olr loch id. 
Further related to Gk XaKKog 'pit, tank, 
ponď < *Xá.Kfoq, Slav Hoky 'pond, pool' 
(Kjlrn KZ II 553-554). Figk I 531 (to 
Heýanan); Torp-Falk 358; Pedersen Kelt. 
Gr. I 149; Trautmann B,S1\' 149; Holt- 
hausen AEE][ T 194; Walde-Hofmann I 
748; Pokorný I 653; Chemodanov SSGJa 
I 54; Frisk II 75-76; Lehmann GED 224; 
Trubaghev ESSJa XVI 1 0-1 1 ; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 156. 

*la3waz ~ *laxwaz sb.n.: ON her 'leg', 
OE leów 'diigh, ham', Langob neut. lagi 
'thigh'. Connected with Lith lékti 'to fly', 
Latv lekt id. as a regular deverbative (for 
the vocalism and semantics cf. Lith lakte 
'pole on which birds siť). Miklosich 
171 (to Slav H(ga 'thigh'); Zupitza Gutt. 



Ia3waz 



232 



laikanan 



65, 134 (reconstructs *la^(w)jaz)', Lidén 
BB XXI 94; Torp-Falk 357 (to Lat lacer- 
tus 'lizarď, Lith alkúné 'elbow'); Pokorný 
I 673; Onions 522. 

*laxanan str.vb.: Icel lá 'to rebuke', OE 
leán 'to blame, to reproach', OS lahan id., 
OHG lahan id. Related to Olr locht 'guilt, 
mistake' < *lok-tu-. Zupitza Gutt. 209; 
Torp-Falk 357; Holthausen AEE1\' 
197; Pokorný I 673; Seebold 321. 

*lax5 ~ *laxaz sb.f./m.: ON poet. lá 
'sea', OHG lah 'pool, swamp'. Related to 
Ha^uz. Torp-Falk 358; Pokorný I 653; 
Chemodanov SSGJa I 54. 

*laxsaz sb.m.: ON lax 'salmon', OE leax 
id., OS lahs id., OHG lahs id. Related to 
Toch B laks 'fish' (from Toch A?), OPrus 
lasasso 'salmon', Lith lašis id., Latv lasis 
id., Slav lososb id. < IE Hakso-. Líjwen- 
thal ií~^ Lil 98 (to Lith Mas 'drop'), ]VuS 
X 140; Zupitza Gutt. 191; Torp- 
Falk 357; Sohrader-Nehring II 2; 
Trautmann BS1V 150; Morgenstierne 
NTS VII 1 20 (adds Osset lesag 'salmon'); 
Holthausen AEE]V 197; Specht 31; 
Thieme KZ LXLX 209-216 (to Skt laksa 
'red varnish'); Krogmann K^ LXXVI 
161-178; Porzig Gliederung 184; Mayr- 
hofer ~DMG CV 175-177; Pokorný I 
653; Chemodanov SGGJa I 111; Fra- 
enkel 341-342; Zalizniak I 134; Onions 
519; Van Windekens ~DMG CXX 
305-307 (on Toch B lah); Abaev II 32 
(Osset Iďsďg from a European IE dialect); 
Adams IF XC 918-919; Diebold Evo!. 
passim; Toporov PJa IV 101-110; 
Trubachev ESSJa XVI 88-90; Kluge- 
Seebold 498; Adams TB 544. 

*laxstran sb.n.: OFris laster 'slander, dam- 
age', OS lastar 'disgrace', OHG lastar id. 
Derived from Haxstuz. Torp-Falk 357; 
Pokorný I 673; Zalizniak II 226; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*laxstuz sb.m.: ON Iqstr 'fault, flaw, blun- 
der'. Gf. also OE leahter 'moral defect, 
crime' < Haxtraz. Derived from Haxanan. 
Torp-Falk 357; Holthausen AEElf 
196; Pokorný I 673; Zalizniak II 226; 
Bammesberger JVom. 86. 



*laibjanan wk.vb.: Goth bi-laibjan 'to 
leave behinď, ON leifa 'to leave a her- 
itage, to relinquish', OE Itéfan 'to leave, to 
remain', OFris leva 'to bequeath', OS 
levian 'to leave', OHG leiben id. Causative 
of Hibanan. Torp-Falk 369; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 191; Feist 319; Pokorný 
I 670; Onions 521; Seebold 326; Leh- 
mann GED 69. 

*laib5 sb.f: Goth laiba 'remains, remain- 
der', ON pl. leifar 'leavings, remnants', 
OE /«f ' remnant, remains', OFris láva id., 
OS libá id., OHG leiba id. Derived from 
Hibanan. Torp-Falk 369; Holthausen 
AEEW 194; Feist 319; Pokorný I 670; 
Zalizniak I 147; Seebold 326; Lehmann 
GED 225-226; Bammesberger Mm. 106. 

*laidjanan wk.vb.: ON leiSa 'to lead, to 
conducť, OE Udán id., OFris leda id., OS 
lědian 'to bring', OHG leiten 'to lead'. 
Causative of *llpanan. Torp-Falk 368; 
Holthausen AEEW 191; Pokorný I 672; 
Onions 520 (from Haido); Seebold 329; 
Kluge-Seebold 514. 

*laiďó sb.f: ON leio 'way, road, course' 
(partly < Haidiz), OE lad 'course, way, 
watercourse', OFris lede 'way, direction', 
OHG leita id. Derived from Hifranan. 
Torp-Falk 368; Holthausen AEEW 
190; Pokorný I 672; Zalizniak II 193; 
Onions 533; Seebold 329; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 107. 

*laixwnaz sb.n.: ON lán, lén 'fief, OE lén 
'loan, grant, fief (fem.), OFris len id., OS 
lehán id., OHG lehán 'loan'. Derived from 
Hlxwanan. Structurally similar with Skt 
réknas- 'inherited possession, property', Av 
raěxmah- 'inheritance'. Meillet MSL 
XV 254-256; Bartholomae 1480; 
Torp-Falk 367; Holthausen AEEW 
191; Mayrhofer III 72; Pokorný I 669; 
Onions 533; Benveniste 150-157; See- 
bold 327; Lehmann GED 230; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 72, 147; Heidermanns 356; 
Kluge-Seebold 510. 

*laikanan str.vb.: Goth laikan 'to jump, to 
hop', ON leika 'to play, to sport', OE 
lácan 'to swing, to play', MHG part. ge- 
'cheateď. Related to Skt réjate 'to 



laikanan 



233 



laijmz 



tremble', Gk Xiyúq 'clear, shrill (of 
sound)', ^.vyaívco 'to shout, to sing, to 
dance', Lith láigyti 'to run about wildly' 

(DlEFENBACH V\ V II 768). SCHWEIZER 

KZ I 559; Bugge KZ XX (1872) 11-12 
(to Lat lúdere 'to play'); Zupitza Gutt. 90 
Torp-Falk 354-355; Feist 319-320 
Holthausen IF XXV 148, AEEW 190 
Mikkola BB XXV 75; Jóhannesson 
IEW 734-735; Mayrhofer III 72; 
Pokorný I 667-668; Fraenkel 330-331; 
Frisk II 121-122; Onions 515; Seebold 
321-322; Lehmann GED 225. 

*laikaz ~ *laikiz sb.m.: Goth laiks 'frolic, 
dance', ON leikr 'game, play, sport', OE 
lác 'battle, struggle, sacrifice' (neut., fem.), 
OHG leih 'melody, tuně'. Derived from 
*laikanan. Zupitza Gutt. 163; Torp-Falk 
355; Holthausen AEEW 190; Feist 319; 
Pokorný I 667; Zalizniak II 187; Beck 
Festschr. Hqfler I 1-16; Seebold 322; Leh- 
mann GED 225; Kluge-Seebold 511. 

*laimón sb.m.: OE neut. lam 'clay, mud, 
earth', OS lano 'clay', OHG leim id., leimo 
id. Oonnected wiuh Gk \z\\iúsv 'moist 
pláce, meadow', Lat límus 'silť < Hoimos 
(Solmsen KZ XXXVIII 453). Further see 
Híman ~ Himaz. Schulze KZ XLV 55; 
Torp-Falk 365; Holthausen AEEW 
194; Walde-Hofmann I 804-805; Trier 
Lehm 10—16; Pokorný I 662; Chemo- 
danov SSGJa I 55; Kluge-Seebold 
510. 

*laisa str.vb.: Goth lais 'to know'. Of 
uncertain origin. Presumably connected 
with Haison (Pedersen IF V 40; Fick KZ 
XVIII 412-413). Meillet IF XXVI 
200—203 (innovation based on *waitá)\ 
Marstrander MTS II 99-103 (to Olr 
lenaid 'to follow'); Torp-Falk 370; Feist 
320; Benveniste EGS I 1—5 (against tíie 
reconstruction of Heis-); Pokorný I 671; 
Seebold 322-323; Lehmann GED 225 
(Gothic innovation). 

*laisjanan ~ *laizjanan wk.vb.: Goth 
laisjan 'to teach', OE Uran id., OFris lera 
id., OS lěiian id., OHG leren id. Causative 
of Haisa. Torp-Falk 369-370; Feist 
320; Holthausen AEEW 192; Pokorný I 



671; Seebold 323; Lehmann GED 225; 
Kluge-Seebold 511. 

*laisón sb.f: OS wagan-lisa 'wagon track', 
OHG wagan-leisa id., MHG leise, leis 
'track'. If the connection with Haisa is 
accepted, cf. also WGmc Haizo > OE lár 
'teaching, learning', OFris lan id., OS lera 
id., OHG lera id. Etymologically identical 
with Slav *lěxa 'land strip, track, furrow' 
< Hoisd (Pedersen IFV 40). Cf. also Lat 
lira 'furrow' < Heisa, Lith lysé 'garden- 
beď. Torp-Falk 369-370; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 195; Walde-Hofmann I 
812-813; Pokorný I 671; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 67—68; Fraenkel 376; Onions 
537; Trubachev ESSJa XVI 184-186; 
Bammesberger Mom. 1 1 6 (from IE Hoit- 
t-a); Kluge-Seebold 310, 511. 

*laistiz ~ *laistaz sb.m.: Goth laists 
'track, trace', ON leistr 'foot below the 
ankle, short sock', OE lest 'step, footstep, 
sole', lást id., MLG lěste 'lasť, OHG leist 
'foot trace'. Derived from Haison. Torp- 
Falk 369; Holthausen AEE]V 192; Feist 
321; Pokorný I 671; Zalizniak II 187; 
Onions 516; Lehmann GED 226; Kluge- 
Seebold 514. 

*laistjanan wk.vb.: Goth laistjan 'to fol- 
low', OE léstan 'to follow, to accompany, 
to do, to perform', OFris lasta, lista 'to 
fulfilT, OS lestian 'to pursue, to carry ouť, 
OHG leisten 'to follow, to carry ouť. 
Derived from Haistiz ~ Haistaz. Torp- 
Falk 369; Holthausen AEE1 V 192; Feist 
321; Pokorný I 671; Onions 516; 
Lehmann GED 226; Kluge-Seebold 514; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*lai{5a-wančtjaz adj.: ON leio-indr 'loath- 
some, tiresome', OE láb-wende 'evil, hos- 
tile'. Compound of Haipaz and Hvanďjaz 
(see Hvanďjanan). Garr Mom. comp. 62. 

*lainaz adj.: Burg Haips 'tired, hateď, 
ON leior 'loathed, dislikeď, OE lát) 
'causing hatě, evil, hateď, OFris lith id., 
OS leih 'hostile', OHG leid 'hated, 
spoileď. Related to Gk á^itaívco 'to 
transgress', á^.eíxTi<; 'sinner' (Saussure 
Mémoire 75), Olr liuss 'loathing' < Hit-tu-. 
Grienberger Got. 192-193 (to *sllptjaz); 



laijmz 



234 



lamjanan 



Torp-Falk 355 (deríved from ON Le 
'harm, damage' < Haiwan); Holthausen 
AEEW 195-196; Maurer passim; Po- 
korný I 672; Frisk I 66; Onions 533; 
Lehmann GED 315; Bammesberger Nom. 
237 (to Hifranan); Kóbler 712; Heider- 
manns 357-358; Kluge-Seebold 512. 

*laibjanan wk.vb.: ON leida 'to make smb. 
loauhe', OS a-lěthian 'to spoil, to make 
hateď, OHG leiden 'to feel distasted, to 
hatě'. Derived from Haifraz. Torp-Falk 
355; Onions 533; Heidermanns 357. 

*laiwazikon sb.f.: Sweb Hawerka 'lark', 
OSwed Iceňkia id., ON Imiirki id., OE 
láwerce id., NFris lask (< Haiwas(i)kon), 
OS lewerka id., OHG laihha id. A diffi- 
cult word, probably an old compound. 
Torp-Falk 355; Kluge Mom. Stamm 
32-33; Vasmer ZfsltwPh XII 103 (recon- 
structs Gmc Haiwo 'lark' > Slvn leva id.); 
Holthausen Á~ ~ L 141-142 [*laiw- to Gk 
Aaíeiv (p9éyea6ai), AEEW 193; Onions 
515; Kóbler 715; Kluge-Seebold 515. 

*laizan sb.n.: ON leir 'clay, earth, muď. 
Identical with OPrus layso 'earth, clay'. 
See *laimon. Torp-Falk 365; Porzig 
Gliederung 146; Pokorný I 662-663; 
Chemodanov SSGJa I 55; Stang LS 31; 
Merlingen IF LXXXIII 58-59; Topo- 
rov PJa IV 41. 

*lakanan sb.n.: ON lakan 'bed-sheeť, 
OFris leken 'piece of fabric, linen', OS 
lakan 'cloth', OHG lahhan id. Identical 
with Gk Xáyavov 'thin broad cake' 
further related to Xayaíra 'to release'. 
Derived from *lakaz. Torp-Falk 356; 
Pokorný I 959-960; Frisk II 68; Kluge- 
Seebold 500. 

*lakaz adj.: ON lakr 'lacking, defective, 
lacking in quality', MLG lak 'slack, loose'. 
Gf. *slakaz. Probably related to Gk Xr\j(ů 
'to stop, to enď, Lat langueo 'to be slack'. 
Torp-Falk 356; Walde-Hofmann I 
758-759; Pokorný I 959-960; Vries 
AMEW 344; Frisk II 113-114; Onions 
511; Heidermanns 359; Kluge-Seebold 
498. 

*lakwjanan wk.vb.: OE Itcccan 'to také, 
to seize, to grasp'. Identical with Gk 



Aó.í^onai 'to seize, to grasp' < *lag-'-i-, 
Hom aor. 'éXXafie.. Torp-Falk 356; 
Wood Postcons. 117 (to Lat lado 'to entice, 
to allure'); Holthausen AEEW 190; 
Pokorný I 958; Frisk II 71; Onions 516. 

*lamaz ~ *lam5n adj.: ON lami 'lamě', 
OFris lom id., OS lam 'withereď, OHG 
lam 'lamě, paralyzeď. Related to IE *lem- 
'to break'. Structurally close to Lith ap- 
lamas 'awkward, clumsy', Slav *lom~b 
'breaking, something broken'. Karsten 
NB II 452-453; Stokes K? XXXVII 258 
(to Olr laime, láime 'axe'); Torp-Falk 363; 
Holthausen AEEW 194, 423; Pokorný I 
674; Fraenkel 13; Vries AMEW 345; 
Onions 513; Stang LS 33; Trubachev 
ESSJa XVI 25-27; Heidermanns 359- 
360; Kluge-Seebold 499. 

*lambaz sb.n.: Goth lamb 'lamb', ON 
lamb id., OE lamb id., Northumb. lemb 
id. (< Hambež), OFris lamb id., OS lamb 
id., OHG lamb (pl. lembir). Of unknown 
origin. The derivationally unusual NCauc 
HVmbagV 'sheep' may be somehow con- 
nected. Fick I 188 (to Skt rámbhate 'to 
roar'); Osthoff Etym. I 308; Bugge PBB 
XIII 315-116 (to *el-en- 'deer'); Mikkola 
BB XXI 219-220 (to Alb hpi 'cow', Latv 
luops 'cattle'); Hlrt Mg. Gr. II 155; 
Petersson Heter. 22-23 (secondary nasal- 
ization); Torp-Falk 363-364 (to Gk 
'éXatpoq 'deer < *elmbho); Holthausen 
AEEW 194; Feist 321; Schulze Kl. Schr. 
254; Pokorný I 304; Zalizniak II 223; 
Onions 512; Benveniste IEL 48; Leh- 
mann GED 226; Kluge-Seebold 500- 
501; Nikolayev-Starostin NCED 757. 

*lamibó sb.f: ON lemd 'lameness (from a 
blow)', OFris lemethe 'paralysis', MLG 
lemede id., MHG lemede, lemde id. Derived 
from *lamaz ~ *lamón. Heidermanns 
360. 

*lamjanan wk.vb.: ON lemja 'to thrash, to 
flog, to lamě', OE lemian 'to lamě, to crip- 
ple', OFris Uma, lemma 'to paralize', OS 
part. bi-lemid 'paralyzeď, OHG lemmen 'to 
paralyze, to lamě'. Derived from Hamaz 
~ *lamon. Structurally close to Lidi lamytí 
'to engulf, Slav Homiti 'to break'. Torp- 



lamjanan 



235 



lari3az 



Falk 363; Buga RFV LXVII 242; 
Trautmann BS]\ t 162; Holthausen 
AEE]V 198; Pokorný I 674; Fraenkel 
338; Stang LS 33; Trubachev ESSJa 
XVI 16-19; Heidermanns 360. 

*lamsaz sb.m.: ON láss 'lock, latch', MLG 
los id. Probably related to Hamaz ~ 
Hamon. Pedersen KZ XXXII 252; 
Torp-Falk 363. 

*landa-búw5n sb.m.: ON land-búi 'inhab- 
itanť, OHG lant-búwo id. Compound of 
Handan and Huwon. Carr Mom. comp. 
84 (parallel formations). 

*lančta-kaupan ~ *landa-kaupaz 
sb.n./m.: ON land-kaup 'purchase of 
lanď, OFris lond-kap id., MLG lant-kop id. 
Compound of Handan and *kaupan ~ 
*kaupaz. Carr Mom. comp. 76 (parallel 
formations). 

*landan sb.n.: Goth land 'lanď, ON lani 
id., OE land id., OFris land, lond id., OS 
land id., OHG lant id. Related to Olr land 
'open pláce', OPrus lindan 'valley', Slav 
Hedo 'waste grounď. Schweizer KZ I 
559; Much Z dadl xl H 170 (on ON 
lundr 'grove'); Lewy PBB XXXII 138 
Torp-Falk 362; Trautmann BSW 157 
Holthausen AEEU ' 194; Feist 321-322 
Pokorný I 675; Chemodanov SSGJa I 
54-55; Zalizniak I 142; Onions 513; 
Scardigli Goten 47 (non-IE origin follow- 
ing from comparison with Basque landa 
'fielď); Stang LS 33; Mažiulis PKP II 
138 n. 221 (to Balt Hind- 'to fall down'); 
Trubachev ESSJa XV 44-48; Toporov 
PJa IV 263-269; Lehmann GED 226- 
227; Kluge-Seebold 501. 

*landa-seduz sb.m.: ON land-sidr 'cus- 
tom of the lanď, OE land-sidu id., OS land- 
sidu id., MHG lant-site id. Compound of 
Handan and *seduz. Carr Mom. comp. 76 
(parallel formations). 

*landa-skapaz sb.m.: ON land-skapr 
'region', OHG lant-scaf 'lanď. Derived 
from Handan. Carr Mom. comp. 76 (par- 
allel formations). 

*landa-skuldiz sb.f: ON land-skyld 'rent 
of lanď, OS land-skuld id., MHG lant- 
schult id. Compound of Handan and 



*skuldiz. Carr Mom. comp. 84 (parallel 
formations). 

*lančtin ~ *landjó sb.f: ON lend 
'loin', OE pl. lendenu 'loins, reins', OFris 
lenden id., OS pl. lendin id., OHG lenti 
id. Related to Lat lumbus 'thigh' 
< Hondhuos (Kuhn KZ XVII 233; Ost- 
hoff Perf. 534), Slav Hgdvbje id. 
(Schmidt Plur. 6). Torp-Falk 362; Traut- 
mann BS]V 158; Holthausen AEEW 
198; Walde-Hofmann I 832; Pokorný I 
674; Chemodanov SGGJa I 61; Zaliz- 
niak II 220; Trubachev ESSJa XV 
48-50; Kluge-Seebold 515. 

*lanďjanan wk.vb.: ON lenda 'to lanď, 
OHG lenten id. Derived from Handan. 
Kluge-Seebold 501. 

*lanďón sb.m.: ON landi 'countryman', 
OE 3e-londa id., MDu ge-lande id., OHG 
gi-lanto id. Derived from Handan. Vries 
AVE! T 345. 

*lan3a-aiwaz adj.: ON lang-ar 'long-last- 
ing'. Compound of Han^az I and *aiwiz. 
Might be identical with Lat longaevus 
'long-liveď (Bugge BB III 104) if the lat- 
ter is not a translation of Gk naKpaítov 
id. (Walde-Hofmann I 820). Pokorný I 
17; Vries AMEW 681; Lehmann GED 22. 

*lan3a-líb(j)az adj.: ON lang-lífr 'long- 
liveď, OE lan^-lífe id., OHG lang-líb id. 
Compound of Han^az I and *lib(j)az (see 
Hibanan). Carr Mom. comp. 66. 

*lan3a-likaz adj.: OESc lang-liker 'stop- 
ping for a long time', OHG lang-líh 
'long'. Derived from Han^az I. Hekier- 

MANNS 361. 

*lan3a-mótiln sb.f: Goth lagga-modei 

'patience', OHG lang-muoR id. Com- 
pound of Han^az I and Hnodaz. Probably, 
a calque of Gk naKpo9t>nía id. Feist 
318; Lehmann GED 224. 

*lan3a-wrěkiz adj.: ON lang-riekr 'having 
a long memory, brooding long over past 
wrongs', MHG lanc-reche 'vindictive'. 
Compound of Han^az I and Hvrěkiz. 
Torp-Falk 361. 

*lan3az I adj.: Goth laggs 'long', ON langr 
id., OE lan$ id., OFris long id., OS lang 
id., OHG lang id. Identical with Lat longus 



Iari3az 



236 



lasaz 



id. further related to other similar ad- 
jectives with irregular phonetic corre- 
spondences: Skt dirgha-, Av darsga-, Gk 
8o^-ixó<;, Hitt dalugai-. Schweizer iC£ I 
558; Bartholomae 693-694; Karsten 
M I 44; Zupitza Gutt. 218; Torp-Falk 
360-361; Walde-Hofmann I 820-821; 
Feist 318-319; Holthausen AEEW 195; 
Porzig Gliederung 123; Mayrhofer II 
47; Pokorný I 196-197; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 103; Frisk I 406-407; Onions 
536; Struno Glotta XLVII 3—4; Lehmann 
GED 224; Lůhr Expr. 161; Heidermanns 
360-361; Kluge-Seebold 502. 

*lan3az II adj.: ON end-langr 'from one 
end to another', OE and-lan-3 'continuous, 
all-along, throughouť, OFris adv. ond- 
lenghe 'stretching', OS ant-lang 'continu- 
ous', OHG gi-lang 'relateď. Related to 
Lith lenkiú, leňkti 'to incline, to ťilť and 
identical with Lith laňkas 'curve, circle', 
Slav *lqtb 'curve, are'. The meanings of 
*lan$az II must háve been influenced by 
Han^az I. Persson Beitrdge 340, 345; 
Trautmann BS]V 159-161; Holthausen 
AEEW 195; Wissmann NP 24; Pokorný 
I 676—677; Fraenkel 356—357; Vries 
AMEW 9; Trubachev ESSJa XVI 148- 
149; Heidermanns 361-362. 

*lan3Íbó sb.f.: ON lengd 'length', OE len^d 
id., MLG lengde id. Derived from *lan^az 
I. Torp-Falk 361; Holthausen AEEW 
199; Onions 523. 

*lan3Ín sb.f.: Goth laggei 'lenguV, OE len^n 
id., OFris lentze id., OHG lengi id. 
Derived from Hanyiz I. Holthausen 
AEE]V 199; Feist 318; Heidermanns 
361. 

*lan3Janan wk.vb.: ON lengja 'to length- 
en', OE len$an id., OHG lengen id. 
Derived from *lan$az I. Derivationally 
similar to Slav Hqčiti 'to join, to connecť. 
Torp-Falk 361; Holthausen AEE1\' 
198; Onions 530; Heidermanns 361. 

*lan3J6n sb.f: ON lengja 'oblong piece', 
MLG lenge 'long ropě'. Related to *lan^az 
I. Torp-Falk 360 (to Hanxaz)', Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 82; Golab Origins 132. 

*lan3ojanan wk.vb.: ON langa 'to long 



for, to yearn', OE lan^ian 'to cause long- 
ing', OS langon 'to long for, to yearn', 
OHG gi-langon 'to gain, to attain'. De- 
rived from Hanxaz II. Structurally iden- 
tical with Slav Hqkati 'to separate, to 
peel'. Torp-Falk 361; Holthausen 
AEE]V 195; Onions 536; Trubachev 
ESSJa XVI 142-143; Heidermanns 362; 
Kluge-Seebold 858. 

*lanxaz sb.m.: OE lóh 'strap'. Related to 
Hanxaz II. Identical with Slav Hqkb 
'curve, are'. Torp-Falk 360; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 206; Golab Origins 132; 
Trubachev ESSJa XVI 148-149. 

*lan5(n) sb.f: ON Iqn 'small oblong hay- 
rick, row of houses', OE lané 'lané, streeť, 
OFris lan, hne 'way', Du laan 'alley'. Could 
be compared with the etymologically ob- 
scure Slav *lono 'lap'. Torp-Falk 354 
(to Gk étaxúvco 'to drive'); Holthausen 
AEEW 194; Onions 514; Vasmer- 
Trubachev II 5 1 7 (Slav *lono < *logh-sno- 
in parallel to Hozesno id. < *logh-esno-). 

*lapanan str.vb.: OHG laffan 'to slurp'. 
Related to Lat lambd 'to lick'. Torp- 
Falk 362; Walde-Hofmann I 754; 
Pokorný I 651; Seebold 323-324. 

*lapjanan wk.vb.: Icel lepja 'to lick', OHG 
gi-lepphen 'to ladle, to scoop'. Derived 
from Hapanan. Torp-Falk 362; Onions 
514; Seebold 323; Kluge-Seebold 523 
(to Slav *lob~bzati 'to kiss'). 

*lappón sb.m.: OE Iteppa 'skirt, ear-lobe', 
OFris lappa 'cloth, rag', OS lappo id., 
OHG Hapfo id. Cf. also ON hppr 'rag, 
tatter' < Happjaz. Related to Gk Xo(3ói; 
'lobe', Alb labe 'bark'. Noreen Abúfi 1 2 1 
(to Lat labo 'to totter, to be ready to fall'); 
Torp-Falk 363; Holthausen AEE)V 
192; Pokorný I 655-656; Frisk II 131 
132; Onions 514; Kluge-Seebold 503. 

*lasaz adj.: ON las-meyrr 'mellow, 
deerepiť, MLG sbst. las 'rag'. Cf. also 
WGmc *lěziz > E dial. her 'empty', OS 
laň id., MHG licre id. Related to Lith 
lúosas 'lamě', Slav Hošb 'baď (Schmidt 
Verw. 39). Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 298; 
Torp-Falk 364; Trautmann BS]V 150; 
Pokorný I 680; Onions 522; Fraenkel 



lasaz 



237 



laujjaz 



359-360; Stang LS 34 (against Sohmidt); 
Vasmer-Trubachev II 526; Trubaohev 
ESSJa XVI 92-94. 

*lasiwaz adj.: Goth lasiws 'weak', OE lysu 
'depraved, corrupt, evil'. Cf. also MHG 
er-leswen 'to become weak'. Derived from 
*lasaz. Identical with Toch B laswi 
'attacks of weakness' < Hosiuo- (Van Win- 
dekens Etim. 1972 145). Pott EF 11/ 1 
839 (to Lat sublestus 'feeble, fainť); 
Froehde BB I 1 92 (samé as Pott); Torp- 
Falk 364; Fraenkel KZ LXrX 77-78. 

*laskwaz adj.: ON Iqskr 'weak, idle', 
WFris lask 'light, thin', MLG lasch 'tired, 
weak'. Related to Lat lascluus 'wanton, 
petulanť, cf. further Slav Haška 'caress' 
(with *-o-). Cf. also *lataz. Karsten MB 
II 295-296; Torp-Faek 364; Walde- 
Hofmann I 766-767; Feist 322-323; 
Keuge 428-429; Pokorný I 666; Che- 
modanov SGGJa I 100; Vries AMEW 
374; Meid Wortbild. 195; Heidermanns 
363; Keuge-Seebold 503-504. 

*lataz adj.: Goth lats 'sluggish, lazy', ON 
latr 'slow, lazy', OE let 'latě, slow, slug- 
gish', OFris comp. lettera 'later', OS lat 
'sluggish, casual', OHG laz 'sluggish, 
lazy'. Derived from Hětanan (SůTTERLra 
IF IV 99; Persson Beitrdge 710). 
Schweizer KZ I 561; Karsten jVB I 57; 
Torp-Falk 359; Feist 323; Holthausen 
AEEW 192; Porzig Gliederung 104; 
Pokorný I 666; Onions 516 (to Lat lassus 
'weary' < Hadtos); Seebold 334; Lehmann 
GED 227; Bammesberger Mom. 239; Hei- 
dermanns 363—364; Keuge-Seebold 504. 

*latín sb.f: Goth latei 'sluggishness', ON 
letí 'laziness, sloth', OHG lazzl 'slowness'. 
Derived from *lataz. Feist 322; Leh- 
mann GED 227; Heidermanns 364. 

*latjanan wk.vb.: Goth latjan 'to retard, to 
delay', ON letja 'to hold back, to dis- 
suade', OE lettan 'to let, to hinder, to 
impede', OFris letta 'to hinder, to stop, to 
check', OS lettian 'to slow, to become 
tired', OHG lezzen 'to hinder'. Derived 
from Hataz. Osthoff Perf. 546; Torp- 
Falk 359; Holthausen AEEW 200; Feist 
322-323; Onions 524; Seebold 334; 



Lehmann GED 227; Heidermanns 364; 
Kluge-Seebold 858. 

*latojanan wk.vb.: ON lata 'to slow, to 
slacken, to abate', OHG lazon 'to be slow, 
sluggish'. Derived from Hataz. Torp- 
Falk 359; Heidermanns 364. 

*latón sb.m.: ON lati 'latě one', OE hild- 
lata 'cowarď. Derived from Hataz. 
Heidermanns 364. 

*labo sb.f: ON lo6 'bidding, invitation', 
OE jreónd-laou 'friendly invitation'. 
Probably connected with Slav Hotiti 'to 
drive, to grasp'. Osthoff IF V 31 1 — 
312; Meringer IF XVI 114-117 (as 
""invitation sent on a speciál tablet' 
connected with MHG lade 'lath, stake, 
piece of wooď); Neckel IF XVII 175- 
176 (follows Mere^ger); Torp-Falk 359; 
Prellwitz 268 (to Olr air-le 'zeal, regu- 
lation'); Holthausen AEEW 196; Feist 
323; Puhvel Laryngeals 88 (to Hitt halzai- 
'to call out, to cry'); Lehmann GED 227; 
Trubachev ESSJa XVI 96. 

*lapojanan wk.vb.: Goth lapon 'to invite, 
to call', ON lada 'to bid, to invite', OE 
labian id., OFris lathia, ladia 'to invite, to 
summon', OS lathian, ladoian 'to call, to 
summon', OHG ladon id. Derived from 
Halpo. Torp-Falk 359; Holthausen 
AEEW 196; Feist 323; Lehmann GED 
227; Kluge-Seebold 499. 

*lauban sb.n.: Goth mase. laufs 'leaf, 
foliage', ON lauf 'leaf, foliage', OE leáf 
id., OFris tó/id., OS /o/id., OHG hub id. 
Identical with Slav Hubb 'basť < Houbho-. 
Further related to Lat liber 'basť, Olr 
luib 'grass', Lith lúoba 'bark', Latv luobs 
'shell'. Torp-Falk 377; Holthausen 
AEEW 196; Walde-Hofmann I 790- 
791; Feist 323-324; Pokorný I 690; 
Fraenkel 343; Zalizniak II 1 69; Onions 
520; Beekes Orbis XX 132-137 (from 
substrátům); Lehmann GED 227-228; 
Trubaohev ESSJa XVI 156-158 (com- 
pares Slav *lub~b with Gmc Haupaz)', 
Kluge-Seebold 505; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*laubaz adj.: Goth ga-laujs 'valuable, 
expensive', OE un-^e-leáf 'unbeliev- 
ing, ineredulous', OHG gi-loub 'instilling 



laujjaz 



238 



lauxaz 



Feist 188; Holthausen AEEW 196; 
Kluge 186, 268; Wissmann Posto. 39-40 
(exocentric denominative of *lauba-)\ 
Johannisson VPV 4 (derived from *laub- 
janan I); Lehmann GED 142; Heider- 
manns 365; Kluge-Seebold 326. 

*laufojanan I wk.vb.: Goth ga-laubjan 'to 
believe', OE je-lifan id., OFris ge-leva id., 
OS gi-lobian id., OHG gi-louben id. 
Derivative of Haubaz. Feist 187-188; 
Onions 87; Lehmann GED 141-142; 
Kluge-Seebold 326. 

*laubjanan II wk.vb.: Goth us-laubjan 'to 
allow', ON leyfa 'to permit, to allow', OE 
lífan 'to give leave, to allow, to permiť, 
OS gi-lobian 'to believe', OHG ir-louben 
'to allow'. Derived from Haubo. Torp- 
Falk 376; Holthausen AEEW 201; 
Pokorný I 684; Onions 521; Lehmann 
GED 141-142; Kluge-Seebold 230 (to 
Lith liáuti 'to cease, to stop'). 

*laubó sb.f.: OE leáf 'leave, permission', 
MHG loube id. Derivationally close to Skt 
lobha- 'wish' and further connected with 
Heubh- 'to like, to wish': Skt lúbhyati 'to 
desire ardendy', Lat lubet, libet 'please', 
Slav *l'ubiti 'to love'. Cf. Haubaz, *leutaz. 
Kluge £dlVf VII 169 (semantic dev- 
elopment of derivatives); Holthausen 
AEEW 196; Walde-Hofmann I 793-794; 
Mayrhofer III 107-108; Pokorná' I 
684; Onions 521. 

*laudan sb.n.: OE leád 'leaď, OFris lad 
'lead (as a measure of weight)', MLG lod 
'leaď, MHG lot 'plummet, solder'. May 
be related to Lith liudé 'plumb, plummeť 
and Mír lúaide 'leaď < Houdia (if not 
from *ploudia) or borrowed from Celtic. 
On the other hand, may simply repre- 
sent a deverbative of Heudanan (cf. also 
*laudaz). Torp-Falk 355; Holthausen 
AEEW 196; Fraenkel 378 (Lith < MLG); 
Onions 520; Kluge-Seebold 526; Bout- 
kan OFED s.v. 

*laudaz adj.: Goth swa-laups 'so large, so 
greať, MHG lote 'qualified, conditioneď. 
Derived from Heudanan. Torp-Falk 375. 

*lau3az ~ *lau3Íz sb.m.: Burg *laugs 



'fláme', ON leygr 'fláme, fire', OE % 
'fláme, lightning' (also neut.), OFris loga 
'fláme, fire', OHG loug id. Related to 
Skt rocís- 'lighť, Lat lux id., Slav Hučb 
'ray' further connected with *leuk- 'light, 
white'. Zupitza Gutt. 134; Torp-Falk 
373; Holthausen AEEW 201; Walde- 
Hofmann I 823-824; Mayrhofer III 
75; Pokorný I 687-689; Zalizniak II 
221; Lehmann GED 228, 236; Kobler 
712; Trubachev ESSJa XVI 163-164; 
Kluge-Seebold 524. 

*lau3niz ~ *lau3njaz adj.: Goth ana- 
laugns 'concealed, secret, hidden', OE un- 
lísne 'incontrovertible'. Derived from 
*leu3anan. Karsten NB II 180-181; 
Torp-Falk 374; Feist 42; Holthausen 
AEEW 201; Lehmann GED 31; Heider- 
manns 365-366. 

*lau3njanan wk.vb.: Godr laugnjan 'to de- 
clare untrue, to děny', OE lí^nan 'to lie', 
OFris kina 'to refuse to také an oath', 
OS lógnian 'to lie', OHG lougnen 'to děny'. 
Derived from Hau^no ~ Hau^naz. Torp- 
Falk 374; Holthausen AEEW 201; Feist 
324; Seebold 337; Lehmann GED 228; 
Ktuge-Seebold 516. 

*lau3no ~ *lau3naz sb.f./m.: ON laun 
'secrecy', OHG lougan 'lie'. Derived from 
*leu3anan. Torp-Falk 374; Pokorný I 
687; Benveniste 134—136; Seebold 336. 

*lau3Ó sb.f: ON lang 'hot spring, bath', 
OE léa3 'lye', MLG loge id, OHG louga 
id. A sufrixal formation (< *louka) related 
to IE *lou(H)- 'to wash': Gk Xovw, Lat 
lauo and the like (Pott W]V 1307). 
Bugge A"^XX (1872) 12-13; Torp-Falk 
371; Holthausen AEEW 196; Walde- 
Hofmann I 773-775; Pokorný I 692; 
Frisk II 138-139; Zalizniak I 147; 
Onions 542; Tollenaere K£ XCVI 
144-145; Peeters KZ GI 168; Kluge- 
Seebold 506. 

*lauxaz sb.m.: ON ló 'clearing (in dre 
woods), meadow', OE léah 'meadow, 
open space', MLG lo 'bush', OHG loh 
'grove, bush'. Identical with Skt loká- 
'open space, pláce, worlď, Lat lucus 'holý 
grove', Lith laúkas 'fielď. Connected with 



lauxaz 



239 



lauf) ran 



He.uk- 'light, white'. Torp-Falk 372; 
Holthausen AEE]V 196; Walde- 
Hofmann I 828; Mayrhofer III 1 
Pokorný I 687-689; Fraenkel 343-344: 
Onions 520; Bammesberger Nom. 51 
Kluge-Seebold 524. 

*laukaz sb.m.: ON laukr 'leek', OE neut. 
leác id., OS lok id., OHG louh id. The ety- 
mology remains unknown. Any relation 
to Dac Xáí, 'purslain, Portulaca oleracea' 
< Hauk- with *au > *a as in other Dacian 
words? Zupitza Gutt. 164; Torp-Falk 
355 (to Gk Xxiyoc, 'willow-like tree'); 
Holthausen AEE]V 196; Detschew 
Thr. 553-554 (Dac < Lat lax = fraus 
'deceit, frauď); Pokorný I 681; 
Zalizniak I 134; Onions 522; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 53 (to Húkanari); Kluge- 
Seebold 505. 

*launan sb.n.: Goth laun 'rewarď, ON 
pl. laun id., OE lián id., OFris lan id., OS 
Ion id., OHG Ion 'reward, price' (neut., 
mase). Continues *hu-no- related to Skt 
lótam 'booty', Gk Ion \y\\r\ id. < Háuia, 
Lith lávy ti 'to exercise', Slav *lov~b 'hunt- 
ing'. Petr BB XXV 141; Torp-Falk 
371; Trautmann BS] V 153; Holthausen 
AEEW 196-197; Feist 325; Mayrhofer 
III 114; Pokorný I 655; Zalizniak II 
169; Frisk II 96; Benveniste IEL 
134-136; Vasmer-Trubaohev II 508; 
Lehmann GED 228-229; Bammesberger 
Nom. Ti (to Heusanan); Kluge-Seebold 
524. 

*laupaz sb.m.: ON laupr 'basket, box', 
OE leápp 'basket', MLG lop 'wooden 
vessel'. Somehow connected with Heubh- 
reflected in HauĎan. Torp-Falk 377; 
Holthausen AEEW 197; Pokorný I 690; 
Onions 520; Lehmann GED 228. 

*lausa-wurd(j)an sb.n.: ON laus-yroi 
'breech of one's worď, OS los-waurd 
'slander'. Cf. also Goth lausa-waurdei 
'empty talk'. Compound of Hausaz and 
*wurian. Feist 326; Lehmann GED 229. 

*lausa-wurctaz adj.: Goth lausa-waurds 
'talking idly', ON laus-ordr 'unreal in 
one's words'. Compound of Hausaz and 
Hvurdaz (see Hvurdan). Feist 326; Carr 



Nom. comp. 94 (parallel formations); Leh- 
mann GED 229. 

*lausaz adj.: Goth laus 'empty, voiď, ON 
lauss 'loose, free', OE leás id., OFris las 
'free, depriveď, OS los 'free', OHG los 
'lightminded, wicked, evil'. Derived from 
Heusanan. Karsten NB I 63; van 
Heltens ^dJÍJ XI 56 (from Heudanan); 
Torp-Falk 377-378; van Wijk IF 
XXXV 265-268; Holthausen AEEW 
197; Feist 325; Onions 521, 536; 
Pokorný I 681-682; Seebold 339; 
Lehmann GED 124, 229; Bammesberger 
Nom. 237-238; Heidermanns 366- 
367; Kluge-Seebold 525; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*lausín sb.f.: ON hug-leysi 'timidity', OHG 
losi 'carelessness'. Derived from Hausaz. 
Heidermanns 366. 

*lausíniz sb.f.: Goth us-lauseins 'release, 
salvation', ON ór-lausn 'solution of a 
difficulty'. Derived from Hausaz. Feist 
533; Lehmann GED 229. 

*lausjanan wk.vb.: Goth lausjan 'to make 
loose, to free', ON leysa 'to loosen, to 
free', OE lísan id., OFris lesa id., OS a- 
lósian id., OHG ir-losen id. Derived from 
Hausaz. Torp-Falk 378; Feist 326; 
Holthausen AEEW 202; Seebold 339; 
Lehmann GED 229; Heidermanns 367. 

*lausón sb.f.: ON stad-lausa 'absurdity', 
OFris hus-lase 'homelessness'. Derived 
from Hausaz. Heidermanns 366. 

*lausun3Ó sb.f.: ON lausung 'lying, false- 
hooď, OE leásun^ 'leasing, lying, fiction'. 
Derived from Hausaz. Heidermanns 366— 
367. 

*laut5(n) sb.f.: ON laut 'hollow pláce', 
ESwed loyto 'little hole'. Identical with 
Toch A lot 'hole', Toch B laute 'moment, 
opportunity' (Hilmarsson apud Adams 
TB 563) and Hitt luttai 'window'. 
Tischler HEG II 79-80. 

*laubran sb.n.: ON laudr 'froťh, foam, 
soap', OE leáůor 'nitře ušed for soap, 
lather'. Identical with Gk Xoutpóv 'bath', 
Gaul lautro 'balneo', Olr lóathar 'bowP, 
lóthur 'bath tub' (Bugge K^ XX 12-13) 
derived from Hou(H)-: Gk Xoúco 'to wash', 



lauj)ran 



240 



lenxwtaz 



Lat lauo id. Torp-Falk 371; Walde- 
Hofmann I 773—774; Holthausen 
AEEW 197; Pokorný I 692; Frisk II 
138-139; Onions 517. 

*le3Janan str.vb.: Goth ligan 'to lie' (noj- 
forms in pres.), ON liggja id., OE lic3a.11 
id., OFris lidza id., OS liggian id., OHG 
liggen id. Related to *legh- 'to lie': Toch B 
lyak-, Gk X,é^O|iai, Mír laigim, Slav */gg?, 
*%fe (Ahrens apud Schweizer KZ I 562). 
Zupitza Gutt. 178; Meillet MSZ XIV 
339; Torp-Falk 357-358; Trautmann 
BSW 158; Feist 330-331; Holthausen 
AEEW 201; Kluge 440-441; Jóhannes- 
son IEW 750-751; Pokorný I 658-659; 
Vries AMW 355; Frisk II 94-96; 
Onions 527; Seebold 324-326; Lehmann 
GED 233; Trubaohev ESSJa XIV 99- 
100; Kluge-Seebold 519; Adams TB 
566; Burlak IFTJa 255. 

*le3ran sb.n.: Goth ligrs 'beď (mase), ON 
legr 'bed, grave', OE le^er 'lying, couch, 
lair', OFris legor 'camp', OS legar 'ill- 
ness', OHG legar 'lair, camp'. Derived 
from Hejjanan. Meillet BSL XXIV 1 1 
(dissimilated from *le3lan); Schroder 
ZDADL LXXIV 48; Torp-Falk 358; 
Holthausen AEEW 198; Feist 331; 
Pokorný I 658-659; Zalizniak II 169; 
Onions 512; Seebold 325; Lehmann 
GED 233; Bammesberger Nom. 74; 
Kluge-Seebold 499. 

*lekanan str.vb.: ON leká 'to drip, to 
leak', OFris bi-leka 'to dry ouť, OHG 
lecken 'to moisten'. Related to Olr legaim 
'to be dissolved, to melt'. Zupitza Gutt. 
215; Torp-Falk 356; Holthausen 
AEEW 197; Jóhannesson IEW 749-750; 
Pokorný I 657; Vries AJVEW 352; 
Seebold 330; Kluge-Seebold 508- 
509. 

*lekaz adj.: ON leh 'leaky', OE hlec 
'having eraeks' (with irregular anlaut), 
MDu lec 'leaky', G dial. lech id. Derived 
from *lekanan. Karsten MB I 27-28; 
Torp-Falk 356; Holthausen AEEW 
197; Onions 520; Seebold 330 (on OE 
anlaut); Heidermanns 372—373; Kluge- 
Seebold 508-509. 



*lempanan str.vb.: OE limpan 'to befall, 
to happen', OHG gi-limpfan 'to fit'. 
Related to Toch AB lam- 'to sit, to 
remain', Skt rámbate 'to hang down'. 
Torp-Falk 363; Holthausen AEEW 
203; Mayrhofer III 44; Pokorný I 
656-657; Onions 529; Seebold 330-331 
(to Lith lémti 'to join'); Adams TB 
654-655. 

*lend(j)6 sb.f.: ON lind 'lime-tree', OE 
lind(e) id., OS lindia id., OHG linta id. 
Identical with Lith lenta 'boarď, Alb 
~ lande 'wood, timber, materiál' < *h 
(Bezzenberger-Fick BB VI 240; 
Uhlenbegk PBB XVII 435-440). Cf. also 
Slav *lQtb 'basť (Berneker 740-741). 
Fick III 631; Torp-Falk 361; Boke IF 
LIV 119-121; Sghmidt KZ LVU 16 (on 
Alb); Holthausen AEE]V 203; Pokorný 
I 677; Fraenkel 357-358; Zalizniak II 
217; Onions 529; Stang LS 34-35; 
Trubachev ESSJa XVI 150-151; Hei- 
dermanns 375 (to adj. *lenpaz); Kluge- 
Seebold 520; Orel AED 223. 

*lendón sb.f: Swed dial. linda 'fallow'. 
related to Handan. Derivationally close to 
Slav *leda 'hearth, fielď. Torp-Falk 
362; Trubaohev ESSJa XV 44-47. 

*lenčtón ~ *lendan sb.m./n.: ON lindi 
'belt, girdle', MLG lint 'band'. Related to 
*lend(j)o. Torp-Falk 361. 

*len3(w)anan str.vb.: OHG lingan 'to 
hither with, to flourish'. Identical with Skt 
rámhate 'to hurry, to spring', Lith léngstu, 
léngti 'to check, to inhibiť. Torp-Falk 
360; Pokorný I 660; Fraenkel 356. 

*lenxwta-líkaz adj.: ON létt-ligr 'lightly, 
lighť, OS liht-lík 'light, baď, OHG liht-lih 
'insignificant, vain'. Derived from Henxw- 
taz. Heidermanns 374. 

*lenxwtaz adj.: Goth leihts 'lighť, ON léttr 
id., OE leóht id., OFris llchte id., OS 
comp. lihto id., OHG lihti id. Continues 
*leng*h-to- attested also in Alb lehte id. 
(unless this is a later derivation of leh id., 
Orel AED 2 1 7) and further connected 
with Toch B lank u tse 'lighť, Skt raghú- 
'hastening, fleet, rapid', Av ragu- 'nimble', 
Gk áXaxiis 'smalP, Lat leuis 'lighť, 



lenxwtaz 



241 



leujjaz 



Olr comp. laigiu 'smaller', Lith leňgvas 
'lighť, Slav Hbgbkb id. See *len^(w)anan. 
Schweizer KZ I 559; Karsten MB II 
445; Zupitza Gutt. 134; Bartholomae 
1497; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 97, 339; Torp- 
Faek 360; Feist 326-327; Holthausen 
AEEW 203; Walde-Hofmann I 788- 
789; Mayrhofer III 31-32; Pokorný I 
660-661; Fraenkel 355-356; Vries 
AMEW 353; Frisk I 484-485; Onions 
527; Lehmann GED 229-230; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 256-257; Trubachev ESSJa 
XVII 75-79; Heidermanns 373-374; 
Keuge-Seebold 512; Adams TB 544. 

*lenxwtjanan wk.vb.: ON létta 'to lighten, 
to lift', OE líhtan 'to make light, to make 
easy', OHG lihten 'to make lighter'. Derived 
from Henxwtaz. Torp-Falk 360; Holt- 
hausen AEE\V 201; Heidermanns 374. 

*lenpa-wurmaz sb.m.: ON linn-ormr 'dra- 
gon, serpenť, MLG linde-worm 'snake', 
OHG lind-wurm id. Compound of *lenpaz 
I and *wurmaz ~ *wurmiz. Carr Mom. 
comp. 84 (parallel formations); Keuge- 
Seebold 520-521. 

*lenbaz I sb.m.: ON linnr 'serpenť, MHG 
lint id. Substantivized *lenpaz II (Noreen 
Abrifi 138). Vries AMEW 358; Heider- 
manns 375; Kluge-Seebold 520-521. 

*lenbaz II adj.: OE lid 'lithe, soft, gen- 
de', OS lithi 'mild, merciful', OHG lindi 
'gende, milď. Identical with Lat lentus 
'flexible, tough', Lidi leňtas 'still, quieť 
(Bezzenberger-Fiok BB VI 240; Traut- 
mann Festschr. Bezzenberger 167). Torp- 
Falk 361; Buga KS 83 (Lith < Pol lenty 
'tardy, slow' < Lat lentus); Holthausen 
AEEJV204:; Walde-Hofmann I 784-785; 
Pokorný I 677; Fraenkel 358; Heider- 
manns 375; Kluge-Seebold 520 (recon- 
structs Henpjaz). 

*lep(j)5n sb.m.: OSwed leepi, lippe, lippa 
'lip', OE lippa id., OFris lippa id., MDu 
lippe id. Cf. also OHG leffur, lefs id. 
Related to Lat labium id. (Holt- 
hausen KZ L 143). Torp-Falk 362; 
Holthausen AEE1\ t 204; Walde-Hof- 
mann I 738-739; Pokorný I 656; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 89; Zalizniak II 224; 



Onions 530; Wagner KZ CX 161-165; 
Kluge-Seebold 521. 

*lesanan str.vb.: Goth lisan 'to collecť, 
ON lesa 'to glean, to gather, to grasp', 
OE lesan 'to gather, to collecť, OFris lesa 
'to gather, to reaď, OS lesan 'to piek, to 
collect, to gather', OHG lesan 'to gather, 
to reaď. Related to Hitt leššai- 'to collect, 
to piek up', Lith lesu, lešti 'to piek up'. 
Pedersen IF V 47 (adds Slav *last> 
'greedy'); Torp-Falk 364; Feist 331; 
Holthausen AEE]V 200; Porzig Glie- 
derung 191; Jóhannesson IEW 758-759; 
Pokorný I 680; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
71; Fraenkel 359; Vries AMEW 353; 
Onions 520; Stang LS 31; Seebold 332- 
333; Lehmann GED 233; Tischler HEG 
II 64; Kluge-Seebold 515-516. 

*lebra-xusón sb.f: ON ledr-hosa 'leather 
hoše, gaiters', OE leder-hose id., OHG 
ledar-hosa id. Compound of *lepran and 
*xuson. Carr Mom. comp. 50. 

*lebran sb.n.: ON ledr 'leather', OE leSer 
'hide, skin, leather', OFris leither, leder id., 
MLG leder id., OHG ledar id. Borrowed 
from Celtic: Olr lethar id., W lledr id., 
Bret lezr id. Torp-Falk 360; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 200; Pokorný I 685; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 98; Zalizniak I 
142; Onions 521; Kluge-Seebold 509. 

*leuba-líkaz adj.: Goth liuba-leiks 'lovely, 
charming', OE leóf-lic 'lovely, beautiful', 
OS liof-lik 'charming', OHG liub-llh 
'beautiful, charming'. Derived from Heu- 
baz. Feist 332; Lehmann GED 235; Hei- 
dermanns 377. 

*leubaz adj.: Goth liufs 'beloveď, ON Ijúfr 
'dear, beloveď, OE leój 'desirable, pleas- 
ant, beloveď, OFris Haf 'dear, beloveď, 
OS liof id., OHG liob 'beloveď. Identical 
with Slav *l'ulrb id. For further parallels 
see Haubó. Schleicher K£ I 141; Kar- 
sten MB I 23; Torp-Falk 376; Feist 333; 
Holthausen AEEW 199; Pokorný I 
684; Vries AMEW 361; Onions 527; 
Lehmann GED 235; Bammesberger Mom. 
240; Trubachev ESSJa XV 181-182; 
Heidermanns 376—377; Kluge-Seebold 
518. 



leucíanan 



242 



leuxtan 



*leuďanan str.vb.: Goth liudan 'to grow', 
ON part. lodinn 'shaggy, thick', OE leódan 
'to grow', OS liodan id., OHG liotan 'to 
spear, to pierce'. Related to Skt ródhati 
id., Av raoSaiti id., Alb lej 'to give birth' 

< PAlb Haudnja. Bartholomae 1492- 
1493; Torp-Falk 375; Feist 332-333; 
Holthausen AEE]V 199; JÓHANNESSON 
IEW 746; Mayrhofer III 77-78; Po- 
korny I 684-685; Benveniste 263-264; 
Vries AJÍEW 363; Seebold 335-336; 
Lehmann GED 234-235; Iíluge-Seebold 
523; OrelAED 217. 

*leuďiz sb.m.: Burg *leuds 'man', ON lýSr, 
Ijóór 'people' (pl. lýSir, rarely lýóar), OE 
kód 'man', OFris Hude, Hode 'people', OS 
liud, liudi id., OHG Hut id. Close to Lith 
liáudis '(simple) people', Slav *l'udb id. 
Derived from Heudanan. Hirt PBB 
XXIII 355 (Slav < Gmc); Brugmann 
PBB XLIII 316 (doubts the semantic 
connection); Torp-Falk 375; Trautmann 
BSW 160-162; Devoto St. Balt. III 
75-76; Holthausen AEEW 199; Trier 
Holi 113-114; Pokorný I 684-685; Che- 
modanov SGGJa I 81; Fraenkel 360- 
361; Vries ANEW 361-362; Zalizniak 
II 193; Benveniste 262-265; Stang LS 
32; Seebold 335; Szemerényi Kinship 
116; Lehmann GED 234; Bammesber- 
ger Jíom. 136; Kobler 712; Trubaghev 
ESSJa XV 194-200; Kluge-Seebold 
517. 

*leu3anan str.vb.: Goth liugan 'to lie', ON 
Ijúga id., OE leódan id., OFris liaga id., OS 
liogan id., OHG liogan id. Related to Lith 
lúgóti 'to requesť, Slav *h>gati 'to lie' 
(Schleicher £~ I 141; Endzelin K^ Lil 
114—116). Goth Huga 'wedding, marriage' 

< Heu.30 is derived from Heudanan in its 
originál meaning *'to requesť (Grimm DG 
88: identifies Godi liugan 'to marry' and 
'to lie'" 



]Veltkonig 69 (Goth Huga to OFris or-loch 
'war', OHG ur-liugi id.); Zupitza Gutt. 
179, 218; Bezzenberger BB XVI 244; 
Torp-Falk 373-374; Trautmann BSW 
163; Sturtevant JA OS Lil 8 (to Hitt 
haluka- 'message, announcemenť); Feist 



333-334; Holthausen AEEW 199; 
Jóhannesson IE\ V 744-745; Pokorný I 
686—687 (Goth Huga from Celt Hugjom > 
Olr luige 'oath'); Chemodanov SGGJa I 
68, 96; Fraenkel 389; Vries ANE]\ t 361 
(to Olr fol-lugaim 'to conceal'); Onions 
527; Stang LS 35; Peeters IF XCIV 
296; Seebold 336-337; Lehmann GED 
235-236; Trubachev ESSJa XVI 233- 
237; Kluge-Seebold 527. 
*leuxmón sb.m.: ON Ijórni 'beam, ray, 
radiance', OE leóma 'light, radiance', OS 
liomo id. Continues *leuk-men- (Osthoff 
PBB VIII 277), cf. Lat lumen 'lighť 

< *leuk-s-men. Related to Heuxtan. 
Zupitza Gutt. 74; Torp-Falk 373; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 199; Walde-Hofmann I 
832-833; Pokorný I 689; Lerchner 185; 
Lehmann GED 228, 236; Bammesberger 
Mom. 183. 

*leuxsaz adj.: ON Ijóss 'light, bright, shin- 
ing'. For further connections see Heuxtan. 
Karsten VB I 30-31; Torp-Falk 373 
Mayrhofer III 75; Pokorný I 687-689 
Meid Wortbild. 135; Lehmann GED 236 
Heidermanns 378. 

*leuxsjanan wk.vb.: ON lýsa 'to shed 
light, to light up', OE líxan 'to shine, to 
glitter'. Derived from Heuxsaz. Zupitza 
Gutt. 134; Torp-Falk 373; Holthausen 
^££ir202; Lehmann GED 236; Heider- 
manns 378. 

*leuxsnaz adj.: OHG liohsan 'brillianť. 
Close to or identical with Av raoxšna- 
'light, brillianť. Cf. also Lat luna 'moon', 
OPruss lauxnos 'stars', Slav Huna 'moon' 

< Houk-sn-. Further see Heuxtan, Heuxsaz. 
Fická<; XVIII 416; Bartholomae 1488; 
Bugge KZ XX 13-14; Torp-Falk 373; 
Trautmann BS]\ t 152; Pokorný I 
687-689; Meid IF LXLX 244 (secondary 
*-s-); Heidermanns 379. 

*leuxtan sb.n.: OE leóht 'lighť, OFris liacht 
id., OS adj. Hoht id., OHG Hoht id. Cf. 
also Goth liuhap id. < Heuxadan. Cf. a 
possible structural parallel in Hitt lukkat- 
'morning' (Laroche RHA XXVIII 34- 
35). Derived from IE Heuk-: Skt rócate 'to 
shine, to be brighť, Gk XeukÓi; 'light, 



leuxtan 



243 



le 2 ]3az 



white', Lat lux 'lighť and the like. 
Grimm apnd Kuhn KZ I 380 (to Heuxsaz 
with an alteration t : s); Zupitza Gutt. 
134; Torp-Falk 372-373; Feist 334- 
335; Holthausen AEEW 199; Walde- 
Hofmann I 823-824; Mayrhofer III 
75-76; Pokorný I 688; Zalizniak I 142; 
Frisk II 108-109; Onions 527; Hoff- 
mann KZ LXXXII 215; Lehmann GED 
236; Tischler HEG II 65-69; Heider- 
manns 379-380; Kluge-Seebold 518. 

*leuxtjanan wk.vb.: Goth liuhtjan 'to 
lighť, OE líhtan 'to shine, to lighten', OS 
liohtian 'to lighť, OHG liuhten id. Derived 
from Heuxtan. Torp-Falk 373; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 201; Feist 335; Heider- 
manns 379; Kluge-Seebold 516. 

*leusanan str.vb.: Goth fia-liusan 'to lose', 
OE for-leósan id., OFris ur-liasa id., OS 
far-liosan id., OHG jir-liosan 'to lose, to 
destroy'. Related to Heu-: Skt lunati 'to 
cuť, Gk Xixů 'to lose', Last luo 'to pay'. 
Torp-Falk 377-378; Hirt PBB XXIII 
316 (*-s- of aoristic origin); Feist 163; 
Holthausen AEEW 199-200; Jóhannes- 
son IEW 739-741; Mayrhofer III 106 
107; Pokorný I 681-682; Vries ANEl\ r 
348; Frisk II 149-150; Seebold 339- 
340; Lehmann GED 124; Kluge-Seebold 
858. 

*leuskón sb.m.: OSwed liuske 'softness', 
ME léske id., MLG lěsche id. Related to 
Lith pl. luskos 'rags', Latv lauska 'frag- 
ment, shreď, Slav Huška ~ Huzga 'shell, 
skin'. On the other hand, cf. Heusanan. 
Torp-Falk 355-356; Iljinskij AfslPh 
XXLX 492 (reconstructs Slav *l'uska 'fish 
scales' that would be identical with Gmc); 
Buga RFV LXV 318, LXXI 470- 
471; Trautmann BS] V 152; Vasmer- 
Trubaghev II 530, 535; Trubaghev 
ESSJa XVI 188-190, 213-214. 

*leutaz adj.: Goth liuts 'deceitful, fraudu- 
lenť, ON Ijótr 'ugly, hideous, misshapen', 
OFris liat 'mendacious' . Derived from 
Hútanan. Sghweizer KZ I 564; Grien- 
berger Got. 150-151 (to Lat lúdus 'play'); 
Karsten MB II 453; Torp-Falk 374 (to 
Slav Hudb 'stupiď); Weisweiler IF XLI 



63-70; Feist 335-336; Schulze Kl. Schr. 
573; Krogmann IFUU 44-48; Pokorný 
I 684; Vries AMEW 361; Seebold 341; 
Stang LS 34; Lehmann GED 236; 
Heidermanns 380—381. 

*leutín sb.f: Godr liutei 'deceit, hypocrisy', 
ON lýti 'fault, flaw, deformity'. Derived 
from *leutaz. Feist 335; Heidermanns 
380. 

*leu]3an sb.n.: Godr awi-liup 'prayer of 
gratitude' {-}>- < *-Í-), ON Ijód 'song, 
ditty, lay', OE leáS 'song, poem', OS wini- 
lioth 'folk song', OHG Hod 'song'. 
Perhaps, distandy related to Lat laus 
'praise', laudáre 'to praise'. Wood AJPh 
XXIII 200 (to Gk Xiaaa 'frenzy, rage', 
Slav *l'utb 'wild'); Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 
299; Torp-Falk 355; Holthausen 
AEEW 200; Walde-Hofmann I 776; 
Feist 336; Pokorný I 683; Zalizniak I 
142; Benveniste 160; Lehmann GED 53; 
Kluge-Seebold 519. 

*leuba-san3"waz sb.m.: ON Ijód-sqngr 
'song', OE leód-sans 'song, poem'. Com- 
pound of Heupan and *san^waz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 82 (parallel formations). 

*leu]35janan wk.vb.: Goth liupon 'to sing 
praise', ON Ijóba 'to sing, to make verses', 
OE leódian 'to sing, to sounď, OHG liudon 
id. Derived from Hmpan. Schweizer K~l 
I 563; Torp-Falk 355; Holthausen 
AEEW 200; Feist 336; Lehmann GED 
237. 

*lew5n sb.m.: ON lé 'scythe', MLG lě id. 
Related to Skt lani- 'sickle', láva- 'cutting', 
Gk acc. ^.ouov 'plowshare (?)'. Based on 
*leu-\ Skt lunóti 'to cuť, Gk \x>u> 'to loosen, 
to unbinď. See Heusanan. Torp-Falk 
370; Pokorný I 681; Frisk II 73, 149- 
150. 

*lě 2 baz adj.: OE léfweak, injured, infirm', 
OFris lěfweak, ill', OS lěfweaí, fragile'. 
Identical with Lith líebas 'with thin legs', 
cf. also láibas 'slim, thin' (Holthausen IF 
XX 323-324), Slav *litb 'thin, weak'. 
Torp-Falk 363, 571; Trautmann BSW 
154; Holthausen AEEW 197; Pokorný I 
661-662; Fraenkel 329-330; Vasmer- 
Trubachev II 492; Knapp Btrg. Gesch. 



leJpaz 



244 



letanan 



XCVI 209-213 (to *liĎanan); Bammes- 
berger JVom. 258 (samé as Knapp); 
Heidermanns 367—368; Trubachev 
ESSJa XV 74-75. 

*lědan sb.n.: ON láS 'lanď, OE léč id. 
Continues He-tó- distantly related to 
Hetanan (Grtenberger Got. 227). Torp- 
Falk 354; Holthausen AEE1\ t 193; 
Vries AJVE1V 343; Frisk II 89-90 (to Gk 
Aáxpov 'paymenť); Chantratne 622—623 
(against Frisk); Onions 517; Lehmann 
GED 377. 

*lěáaz adj.: Goth un-leps 'poor', OE un-léd 
'poor, miserable, unhappy'. Derived from 
Hěiarň Torp-Falk 354; Feist 521; 
Onions 517; Lehmann GED 377. 

*lě3az adj.: ON lágr 'low', OFris lech id., 
MLG Uch, lěge id., MHG Iďge id. Derived 
from He^janan. Karsten MB II 380, 
435; Torp-Falk 358; Charpentier AfslPh 
XXEK 5 (to Slav *lazb 'path'); Holt- 
hausen AEE1V 191; Pokorný I 660; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 84; Vries ANEW 
344; Heidermanns 368-369 (to Lith 
lekšnas 'fiat'); Fvluge-Seebold 510. 

*lě3Íb5 sb.f: ON legii 'hollow, low pláce', 
MLG legede 'low pláce'. Derived from 
*%aj. Heidermanns 368. 

*lČ3Íz adj.: ON liegr in eiga leigt 'to háve a 
right to be burieď, OHG aba-lági 'unmil- 
itant, powerless'. Derived from Heýanan. 
Vries AMEW 371; Onions 538; Matzel 
Festschr. Schroder 103, KZ CV 113; Lloyd- 
Springer I 9; Heidermanns 369—370. 

*1Č3Ó sb.f: ON lág 'felled tree, log', OFris 
lege 'lying, position, site', OS wider-lága 
'repayment, retribution', OHG lága 
'ambush'. Substantivized fem. of He^az. 
Torp-Falk 358. 

*lějanan str.vb.: Goth laian 'to berate, to 
revile'. Related to Gk A.aíev (p9éyyea9ai, 
Hes., Olr líim 'to accuse'. Torp-Falk 
354. 

*lěkinan sb.n.: OHG láhhin 'cure, remedy'. 
Derived from Hěkjaz. Torp-Falk 357; 
Lehmann GED 232. 

*lěkinójanan wk.vb.: Goth lekinon 'to 
heal, to cure', ON lekna id., OE lácnian 
id., OS láknon id., OHG láhhinon id. 



Derived from Hěkinan. Torp-Falk 356— 
357; Holthausen AEE] V 190; Feist 329; 
Lehmann GED 232. 

*lěkjaz sb.m.: Goth lekeis 'physician', 
OSwed lakir id., OE léče id., OFris letza 
id., OS laki id., OHG láhhi id. Borrowed 
from Celt Hěgi- < Hepagi- as in Olr liaig 
'doctor' (Arbois de Jubainville Prem. 
II 366-367). Stokes K? XXXV 595; 
Luft Z dádl xli 237 (to Gk Tiéyco 'to 
piek up, to telí', Lat lego 'to gather, to col- 
lecť); Torp-Falk 356; Holthausen IF 
XXXIX 71 (samé as Luft), AEEW 190; 
Feist 329; Pokorný I 658; Onions 522; 
Lehmann GED 232. 

*lěstaz ~ *lěst5n superl. adj.: Crim. 
Goth. lista 'too litde', OE lest 'smallest, 
leasť, OFris lest id. Based on *lěziz (see 
*lasaz). Bezzenberger BB III 81 (Goth 
lista — to Slav Hišiti 'to devoiď); Toma- 
schek Taurien (Goth lista from Osset listeg 
'narrow'); Loewe Schw. Meer 136 (follows 
Tomaschek); Holthausen Einz- ^DADL 
XXIV 34, AEEW 192; Grienberger 
ZdPh XXX 128-129 (Goth lista < *lá- 
tista-, cf. WFris lijts 'small'); Loewe IF 
XIII 11; Feist 331; Lehmann GED 
233-234; Bammesberger Nom. 235 (re- 
constructs Haiz-ista-). 

*lěswó sb.f: OE lés, gen. léswe 'pasture'. 
Close to Slav Hěsb 'wood, foresť (Lidén 
GHÁ (1904) apud Berneker 1713) and, 
in particular, to pre-Greek pln. Aéopoq < 
*lesuo- odierwise called "laaa < *uidhua 
(Trubachev VJa XXXIII/2 26). On the 
other hand, cf. Hětan. Torp-Falk 364; 
Holthausen AEEW 192; Vatllan RES 
XrV 224; Stang LS 32; Trubachev 
ESSJa XIV 249-252. 

*lětan sb.n.: Goth af-let 'indulgence, for- 
giveness', ON lát 'loss', OE weter-^e-lét 
'water-course, aqueducť. Derived from 
Hětanan. Torp-Falk 359; Feist 330; 
Seebold 334. 

*lětanan str.vb.: Goth letan 'to leť, ON 
látá id., OE létán id., OFris léta id., OS 
látán id., OHG lázan id. Related to Gk 
Xr|8etv KOJti&v Hes.), Alb lodh 'to tire, 
to weary' < PAlb Hada, Lat lassus 'weak' 



letanan 



245 



likkojanan 



< *bd-to- (Persson Beitrdge 710). Brug- 
mann IF VI 89-100 (to Lith léidžiu, léisti 
'to leť and further to IE *le(i)- 'to leave'); 
Torp-Falk 359; Mikkola UG III 24 
(to Slav Hadb 'order'); Feist 329-330; 
Holthausen AEEW 193; Walde- 
Hofmann I 767-768; Jóhannesson IEW 
732; Pokorný I 666; Vries AMEW 346; 
Frisk II 1 1 4 (the status of Gk is dubious 
in view of dcT)5rja(Xi' KOináaoa, Kaneiv 
suggesting X- might be a mistaken read- 
ing of a-); Onions 524; Benveniste 152; 
Peeters IF LXXXI 32-33; Seebold 
333-335; Lehmann GED 232; Kluge- 
Seebold 504; Orel AED 230; Dybo BSA 
96 (on preterital forms in their connec- 
tion to Lith léisti). 

*lětaz sb.m.: Goúh fra-lets 'freed man', 
OFris let id., OHG ab-láz 'indulgence'. 
Derived from Hětanan. Torp-Falk 359; 
Feist 330; Seebold 334. 

*lěwan sb.n.: Goth lew 'opportunity, 
cause'. See Hěwjanan. Persson BB XIII 
279—280 (to Lith liáuju, liáuti 'to cease'); 
Berneker IF X 159 (to Gk Xxxa 'to 
remove'); Torp-Falk 364; Feist 330; 
Pokorný I 682-683; Lehmann GED 232. 

*lěwjanan wk.vb.: Goth lewjan 'to betray', 
OE Idwan id., OHG gi-lawen id. Derived 
from Havan. Structurally close to and ety- 
mologically connected wiuh Slav Hěviti 
'to give way, to yield, to lose time', fur- 
ther to Litv liáutis 'to stop', OPrus au- 
laut 'to die' (Persson BB XLX 279- 
280). Torp-Falk 364; Trautmann BSW 
161; Holthausen AEEW 193; Feist 330; 
Fraenkel I 362-363; Stang IS 32; 
Lehmann GED 232; Toporov FJa I 
154-156; Trubachev ESSJa XV 28. 

*liběnan wk.vb.: Goth liban 'to live', ON 
lifa id., OE lifian id., OFris lihba, liva id., 
OS libbian id., OHG leben id. Connected 
with Hibanan (cf. in particular such con- 
texts as ON pá er pridjungr lifir dags "when 
a third of the day 'lives' = is left"). 
Related to Hitt lip- 'to lick', Toch AB lip- 
'to remain', Skt limpáti 'to smear' 
(Meillet JA XVIII 633), Lith limpú, lipti 
'to stick, to adliere', Slav Hbpnq, Hbpnqti 



id. For the semantic reconstruction notě 
Blr lipets' 'to live widi difficulty' < Slav 
Hbpěti 'to stick' (Trubachev ESSJa XVII 
92). Schweizer K£ I 562; Berneker I 
754-755; Collitz Brát. 80-84 (from 
*leibh- as in Lat cae-lebs 'celibáte'); 
Sturtevant language VI/1 27; Torp- 
Falk 368; Trautmann BS]V 161-162 
Holthausen AEEW 200; Feist 330 
Mayrhofer III 60-61; Pokorný I 670 
Fraenkel 375-376; Onions 532 
Seebold 326; Van Wendekens I 263 
Lehmann GED 232; Tischler HEG II 
62-63; Trubachev ESSJa XVII 91-93; 
Kluge-Seebold 508. 

*lib(a)ra-wurtiz sb.f.: Swed lefier-ort 
'hepatica, blue anemone', OE neut. lifer- 
wyrt 'liverworť, MLG lever-wort id. Oom- 
pound of Hibfajro and *wurtiz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 50. 

*lib(a)ró sb.f: ON lifr 'liver', OE lijer id., 
OFris livere id., MLG kver id., OHG lebara 
id. Etymologically identical with Gk 
Xutapóc; 'fat, greasy' further derived from 
*leip- 'to smear' (Zupitza Gutt. 12-14). 
Hardly connected with but probably 
influenced by the Indo-European word 
for 'liver'— *iek"r-. Meillet RS LX 72 
(to Hibenan); Schmidt K~ XXV 23 (to 
*iek"r-); Torp-Falk 368; Holthausen 
AEEW 202; Pokorný I 504, 670; 
Zalizniak I 147; Frisk II 126-127; 
Onions 532; Illich-Svitych Opyt II 17 
(continues Nostr *lep'A 'spleen'); Kluge- 
Seebold 508. 

*liáan sb.n.: ON US 'folk, people, army', 
OE lid 'vessel, ship' (< *'crew'), OFris 
lid 'band, troop, retinue'. Derived from 
*lipanan. Holthausen AEE1V 201; See- 
bold 329; Bammesberger Mom. 56, 173; 
Párvulescu IF Cil 79-80 (to *lipuz, cf. 
Olr glán 'knee, generation'). 

*lifnójanan wk.vb.: Goth af-lifnan 'to be 
left, to remain', ON lifha 'to be left'. 
Derived from Hibanan. Structurally close 
to Slav Hbpnq, Hbpnqti 'to stick'. Feist 8; 
Seebold 326; Trubachev ESSJa XVII 
91-93. 

*likk5janan wk.vb.: OE liccian 'to lick', 



likkojanan 



246 



lipníz 



OS likkon id., OHG leckon id. Related to 
Skt rédhi id., Arm lizanem id., Gk Xeí%(ň 
id., Lat lingo id., Olr lígim id., Lith liežiú, 
liěžti id., Slav Hižq, Hizati id. reflecting 
a root with aspirate *-£Á- (Meillet MSL 
XVI 239-241). Scheftelowitz BB 
XXVIII 300; Torp-Falk 367; Traut- 
mann BSW 155; Wissmann NP 160, 
183-184; Holthausen AEEW 200; 
Walde-Hofmann I 806; Mayrhofer III 
72-73; Pokorný I 668; Fraenkel 369; 
Frisk II 102; Onions 526; Trubachev 
ESSJa XV 162-163; Kluge-Seebold 
509. 

*lima-xailaz adj.: ON lim-heill 'sound- 
limbeď, OE lim-hál id. Compound of 
Himan and *xailaz. Carr Nom. comp. 61. 

*liman sb.n.: ON lim 'foliage, branch', OE 
lim 'member, limb, branch'. EventuaMy 
related to Hinaz (Johansson PBB XIV 
301-304). Wood MP IV 495 (agrees 
with Johansson); Torp-Falk 366; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 202; Trier Lehm 12 (to 
Himan ~ Himaz); Vries ANEW 354-357; 
Lehmann GED 234. 

*linaz adj.: ON lim 'gentle, soft', OHG len 
'pretty, gentle'. Related to Hinnanan. 
Corresponds to Skt líná-, participle of 
Hnáti 'to bend down, to duck'. Torp- 
Falk 365; Krogmann IF LIII 46; 
Pokorný I 661; Dybo VSJa 21 (pretonic 
shortening in Gmc); Vries ANEW 358; 
Onions 531; Schrijver LL 354; Lehmann 
GED 6; Heidermanns 383. 

"liniianan str.vb.: Goth af-linnan 'to leave 
(off )', OE linnan 'to cease, to desist, OHG 
bi-linnan 'to stop, to enď. Related to Skt 
Hnáti 'to bend down, to duck, to hide', 
Gk X-ívajiai- xpÉ7tonai (Hes.), aXíveiv 
áXeíipeiv (Hes.) (Osthoff Morph. Unt. rV 
46: Hinnanan < Hinuo), Slav Hin'ati 'to 
shed hair, to moulť. See Hinaz. Torp- 
Falk 365; Feist 8; Holthausen AEEW 
203; Trier Lehm 10-16 (to IE Ha- 'slimy, 
to glide'); Mayrhofer III 102; Pokorný 
I 661-662; Frisk I 73; Onions 531; 
Seebold 331-332; Lůhr AÉ&SXXXV 79 
(*-nn- < *-nH); Lehmann GED 6; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa XV 109-110. 



*listÍ3az ~ *listu3az adj.: Goth listeigs 
'crafty, cunning', ON lístugr 'skilled, 
polité', G listig 'crafty, cunning'. Derived 
from Histiz. Torp-Falk 369. 

*listiz sb.f: Godi lists 'wile, cunning', ON 
list 'art, craft, artifice' (if not from 
WGmc), OE list 'art, skill, craft, artifice' 
(also mase), OFris list id., OS list id., 
OHG list id. Derived from Haisa. On 
the other hand, cf. Hito ~ Hitaz implying 
Histiz < Hit-ti-? Schweizer KZ I 564; 
Torp-Falk 369; Holthausen AEEW 
204; Feist 331-332; Pokorný I 671; 
Zalizniak II 177; Seebold 323; Leh- 
mann GED 234; Bammesberger Nom. 139; 
Trubachev ESSJa XVII 97-99 (Slav 
Hbstb 'flattery' < Gmc); KTuge-Seebold 
522. 

*litó ~ *litaz sb.f./m.: Goth lita 
'hypoerisy, insincerity', OHG liz 'pre- 
text'. Related to Gk Wí^ei- jiaíi^ei (Hes.), 
Lat lůdo 'to play' < Hoidó. Schweizer 
KJ?l 564; Grienberger Got. 149 (to Lith 
lendii, listi 'to creep, to sneak into'); Feist 
332; Pokorný I 666; Lehmann GED 
234. 

*lipa3az ~ *li{5U3az adj.: ON lidugr 
'ready, willing, free', OFris lethich 'single, 
free', MLG ledich, leddich 'free, unoecu- 
pieď, MHG lidec, ledic 'single, free'. 
Derived from Hipuz. Torp-Falk 366; 
Torp-Falk 366; Bloomfield Festschr. 
Collitz 91-94; Pokorný I 309; Vries 
ANE1V 355; Heidermanns 384-385; 
Fvluge-Seebold 509. 

*lij}u-lausaz adj.: ON lid-lauss 'helpless', 
OHG lide-los 'limbless' (hap. leg.). 
Compound of Hipuz and Hausaz. Carr 
Nom. comp. 90 (parallel formations). 

*li|mz sb.m.: Goth lipus 'limb, joinť, ON 
USr id., OE liš id. (also neut.), OFris lith 
id., MLG ge-lit id., OHG lid id. (mase, 
fem., neut.). Connected with Himan. 
Schweizer K~^I 563; Persson Wwzelerm. 
187 (to Lat lituus 'crooked staff'); Lidén 
BB XXI 106); Johansson IF XLX 120 
(samé as Persson); Torp-Falk 365-366 
Holthausen AEEW 204; Feist 332 
Pokorný I 309, 672; Zalizniak II 202 



li|)liz 



247 



likaz 



Lehmann GED 234; Bammesberger Nom. 
159; Kluge-Seebold 327. 

*liznójanan ~ *lizněnan wk.vb.: OE 
leornian 'to learn', OFris lerna, lima id., OS 
línán id., OHG Uměn, kmen id. Derived 
from *laisa. Torp-Falk 369; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 203; Onions 521. 

*líba-da3az sb.m.: ON pl. líf-dagar 'life, 
days of life', OE lif-dces 'day of life'. 
Compound of Hltan and *da^az. Carr 
Nom. comp. 81 (parallel formations). 

*líba-lausaz adj.: ON líf-lauss 'lifeless', 
OE líf-leás id., OFris lif-lás id., OS lif-lós 
id., MHG líbe-lós id. Compound of *liban 
and Hausaz. Carr Nom. comp. 89 (paral- 
lel formations). 

*líba-lÍ3az adj.: ON líf-ligr 'alive, living', 
OE líf-líc id., OHG líb-líh id. Derived 
from *lib~an. Onions 532. 

*líban sb.n.: Burg *lif 'life', ON líf 'life, 
body, man', OE lij 'life', OFris líf id., 
OS líf id., OHG lib id. Connected with 
Hibenan. Torp-Falk 368; Holthausen 
AEEW 202; Pokorný I 670; Zalizniak II 
169; Onions 527; Lehmann GED 232; 
Kobler 712; Kluge-Seebold 511. 

*líbanan str.vb.: Goth pret. sg. bi-laif 'to 
remain', OE be-lífan id., OFris bi-líva id., 
OS bi-líban id., OHG bi-líban id. Related 
to Toch B lip-, lip- 'to remain', Skt limpáh 
'to smear', Lith limpii, lipti 'to stick' and 
other continuants of IE *leip-. Germanic 
forms were semantically influenced by IE 
*leit-, see Híxwanan. Osthoff Morph. 
Unt. IV 4-7; Torp-Falk 368; Feist 
91-92; Holthausen AEEW 202; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW 737-738; Mayrhofer III 
60-61, 104; Pokorný I 670-671; Fraen- 
kel 375; Illich-Svitygh Opyt II 18 (on 
the semantic parallelism between Gmc 
and Toch); Seebold 326-327; Lehmann 
GED 70; Kluge-Seebold 118; Adams TB 
555. 

*llxwanan str.vb.: Goth leitvan 'to lenď, 
ON 1 sg. pres. lé id., OE kón id., OFris 
Ha id., OS líhán id., OHG líhán id. 
Related to Skt rinákti 'to leave, to give up, 
to release', Gk Xeímo 'to leave', Lat linquo 
id., Olr leigitn 'to leť, Lith Heků, likti 'to 



remain'. Torp-Falk 367; Pedersen Kelt. 
Gr. II 562; Feist 327; Holthausen 
AEEW 203; Walde-Hofmann I 808-809; 
Porzig Gliederung 1 2 1 ; Jóhannesson IEW 
733; Mayrhofer III 59; Pokorný I 
669-670; Vries ANEW 359; Fraenkel 
372-373; Frisk II 99-100; Onions 533; 
Benveniste IEL 150, 157-158; Seebold 
327-328; Lehmann GED 230; Kluge- 
Seebold 513. 

*líxw5janan wk.vb.: ON léa 'to lenď, 
OFris lia id. Derived from Híxwanan. 
Seebold 327. 

*líka-xamon sb.m.: ON líkami 'body', 
OE líc-hama id., OFris líkoma id., OS lík- 
hamo id., OHG líh-hamo id. Compound 
of Hikan I and *xamon, originally 'body- 
covering', see *xamaz (Gůntert Kalypso 
64). Torp-Falk 366; Holthausen AEE\ V 
148, 200; Carr Nom. comp. 50; Lehmann 
GED 4-5, 230. 

*líka-mannz sb.m.: ON lík-mair 'grave- 
digger', OE líc-mann 'person having to do 
with the corpse'. Compound of Híkan I 
and *mannz. Carr Nom. comp. 82 (paral- 
lel formations). 

*líkan I sb.n.: Goth leik 'body', ON lík id., 
OE líc id., OFris lík id., OS lík id., OHG 
líh id. (also fem. Híkiz). Related to Toch 
AB lek 'appearance, body', Lith lýgus 
'like', lýgti 'to equal, to match', Latv lígt 
'to agree' (Van Windekens I 260). 
Schweizer K^ I 562; Ehrismann PBB 
XX 53; Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 279 (to 
Skt liňgam 'mark, sign'); Zupitza Gutt. 163; 
Torp-Falk 366; Holthausen AEE]V 200; 
Feist 327; Pokorný I 667; Fraenkel 
370-371; Zalizniak II 187; Onions 526; 
Lehmann GED 142, 230-231; Kluge- 
Seebold 512 (to Slav Hice 'face'). 

*líkan II sb.n.: ON lík 'leech-line, the bor- 
ders of a sail', EFris lík id., MLG lík id. 
Related to Alb lidh 'to bind', Lat ligo id., 
Slav Higati id. (Zupitza Gutt. 197). Torp- 
Falk 366; Walde-Hofmann I 800; 
Pokorný I 668; Vries ANEW 401; Tru- 
baohev ESSJa XV 87; Orel AED 226- 
227. 

*líkaz adj.: Goth ga-leiks 'similar', ON líkr 



likaz 



248 



li^anan 



'alike', OE ^e-líc 'like, alike, similar', 
OFris ge-lik 'samé', OS gi-lik id., OHG gi- 
lih 'samé, similar'. Related to Híkan I 
(Wood MLN XXI 39-40). Torp-Falk 
119, 366; Feist 189; Holthausen AEEW 
200; Pokorný I 671; Schróder PBB 
LXXXIII 151-194; Vries ANEW 172; 
Onions 25; Stang LS 32-33; Lehmann 
GED 143; Seebold Festschr. Meul 343- 
351; Heidermanns 381-383; Kluge- 
Seebold 326-327. 

*líkěnan wk.vb.: Goth leikan 'to please', 
ON líka 'to like', OE lician 'to please', 
OFris likia 'to like', OS líkon id., OHG 
lihhen id. Derived from Híkaz. Torp- 
Falk 366; Holthausen AEE]V 201; Feist 
328; Heidermanns 382. 

*likenójanan wk.vb.: ON líkna 'to show 
mercy to', OFris a-líknia 'to compare', 
OHG gi-lihhinon 'to compete'. Derived 
from *likaz. Heidermanns 382. 

*llkjan sb.n.: Goth ga-leiki 'likeness', ON 
líki 'body, form, shape'. Derived from 
Híkaz. Feist 188; Heidermanns 382. 

*líkjanan wk.vb.: ON líkja 'to be similar', 
OHG lihhen 'to make similar'. Derived 
from Híkaz. Heidermanns 382. 

*lík5janan wk.vb.: Goth ga-leikon 'to liken, 
to compare', ON líka 'to make equal', 
OFris likia 'to compare', OHG líhhon 
'to smooth'. Derived from Híkaz. Feist 
328; Pokorný I 671; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 76; Lehmann GED 142, 231; 
Heidermanns 382. 

*lík5n sb.m.: Goth ga-leika 'crúaacoiioi;, 
partner in the samé body', ON líki 'equal, 
match', OE ^e-líca 'equal', MLG ge-like 
'comrade'. Derived from Híkaz. Feist 
188; Vries ANEW 356. 

*líman ~ *llmaz sb.n./m.: ON lim 
'hrne', OE Km 'cement, mortar, glue, 
lime', MLG lim 'glue', OHG lim 'glue'. 
Related to Haimón. Torp-Falk 365; 
Holthausen AEEW 202; Porzig Gliede- 
rung 110; Pokorný I 662; Zalizniak II 
169; Onions 528; Kluge-Seebold 513. 

*línan sb.n.: Goth kin 'linen, flax', ON lín 
id., OE lín id., OS lín id., MHG mase. lín 
id. Borrowed from Lat linum id. As to 



ON lína 'line, ropě', OE líne id., OFris 
line id., MLG line id., OHG lina id., they 
go back to Lat linea 'linen thread, string, 
line' and are secondarily associated with 
Hinan. Wetnhold K^ I 250 (to Slav 
Hbn-b id.); Rhys RC VII 241 (related to 
Lat linum, Gk Wvov); Hehn Kult. 164— 
190 (samé as Rhys); Sohrader-Nehring 
I 323; Torp-Falk 368; Holthausen 
AEEW 203; Feist 328; Pokorný I 691; 
Zalizniak I 155, II 169; Onions 529; 
Lehmann GED 231; Kluge-Seebold 
513. 

*líst5n sb.f: ON lista 'edge', OE liste 'list, 
hem, border', MLG liste 'edge', OHG 
lista id. Related to Haistiz ~ Haistaz. 
Froehde BB XVII 312-314 (to Lat litus 
'sea-shore'); Persson BB XLX 272; Torp- 
Falk 370 (to Lat litus 'sea-shore, stranci'); 
Jokl IFXXX 206 (to Alb ledh 'mud, allu- 
vium, river-bank'); Holthausen AEE]\ j 
204; Pokorný I 672-673; Zalizniak I 
156; Onions 531; Kluge-Seebold 514. 

*lítilaz ~ *lútilaz ~ *luttilaz adj.: 
Goth leitils 'small, little', ON lítill id., OE 
lytel id., MDu littel, luttel id., OS luttil id., 
OHG luzzil 'littie, tiny'. Derived from 
Huttiz ~ Huttjaz. Grienberger Got. 146; 
Karsten NB II 270-271; Torp-Falk 
367, 374; Schmidt KZ LVU 35 (to Lith 
pa-láidas 'loose'); Feist 328-329; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 209; Krogmann IF LIII 
44-48; Specht 125; Pokorný I 661-662; 
Vries ANEW 358; Matzel ZdlVf XLX 
153-158; Onions 532; Lerchner 80; 
Lehmann GED 231; Lůhr Expr. 496-501; 
Heidermanns 371-372, 390-391; Kluge- 
Seebold 529. 

*lif)anan str.vb.: Goth ga-leipan 'to come, 
to go', ON USa 'to go', OE lídan id., 
OFris litha 'to suffer, OS lithan 'to go', 
OHG lídan 'to leave'. Connected with 
Toch A lit- 'to go away, to fall down', Av 
raeQ- 'to die' (Seebold 328-330). Bar- 
tholomae 1480-1482; Torp-Falk 367; 
Feist 8 (to Hipuz); Holthausen AEE]\ j 
204; Trier Lehm 1 5 (to Gk \\%ý\ 'prayer'); 
Jóhannesson IEW 736-737; Pokorný I 
672; Vries ANE]V 354; Seebold 328- 



lij>anaxi 



249 



luftuz 



330; Lehmann GED 6; Rluge-Seebold 
512. 

*lipu ~ *lípan sb.n.: Goth leipu 'cider, 
strong drink', ON Mi 'cider, ale', OE lid 
'strong drink', OFris lith id., OS lith 
'wine, drink', OHG lid id. (also mase.). 
Close to Lidi lytiis 'rain', Slav Hitva 
'shower' (based on Hitu-). Derived from 
*lei-\ MW di-llyd 'to pour ouť, Lith ligu, 
líeti 'to pour', Slav *liti id. Zimmer 
ZDADL XXXII 284 (to Olr lith 'festival'); 
Torp-Falk 364-365 (to Gk aktioov 'ves- 
sel for wine, beaker' < *a^eiTf ov); Holt- 
hausen AEEW 204; Feist 329; Pokorný 
I 664-665; Chemodanov SGGJa I 99; 
Fraenkel 368; Zalizniak II 202; 
Schulze Kl. Schr. 258-259; Lehmann 
GED 231 (against comparison with */«-); 
Trubaohev ESSJa XV 157-160; Kluge- 
Seebold 513. 

*15fon sb.m.: Godr lofa 'palm of hanď, 
ON láji id., ME love id. Related to Lith 
lópa 'paw', Slav Hapa id. (Schmidt KJ^ 
XLX 272). Stokes Urkelt. 252 (to Olr lne 
'rudder', W llyw id.); Meringer IF XVII 
162 (to Gk ^.tónri 'robe, attire'); Torp- 
Faek 370; Buga RFV LXVI 243-244; 
Feist 336; Pokorný I 679; Fraenkel 
339-340; Onions 402; Stang LS 23; 
Lehmann GED 237; Trubachev ESSJa 
XIV 26-27; Kluge-Seebold 529. 

*lo3an sb.n.: ON lóg 'pláce' (in idioms), 
OE IÓ3 id., OFris loch id., OHG luog 'den, 
pit'. Derived from Hejjanan. Structuralfy 
close to Slav *lagb 'ravine'. Torp-Falk 
358; Holthausen AEEJK 206; Pokorný I 
659; Zalizniak II 1 74; Trubachev ESSJa 
XIV 15. 

*15k5janan wk.vb.: OE lócian 'to look', 
WFris loaitsje id., OS lokon id. Cf. also a 
differendy stressed OHG luogěn < Hb~3ě- 
nan. Probably identical with Dor Xar/á(ů 
= Xéyto 'to piek up, to telí' and related to 
Toch AB lak- 'to see' (Adams TB 550). 
The connection with Bret lagad 'eye' is 
dubious. Zupitza Gutt. 215; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 205; Chemodanov SGGJa 
I 100; Onions 536. 

*lufoa-3ernaz adj.: ON lof-gjam 'praise- 



worthy', OE lofseom 'desirous of praise'. 
Cf. also a nominal derivative in OHG 
loba-gemi. Compound of Hután and 
*3ernaz. Carr Jíom. comp. 60. 

*luban sb.n.: ON loj 'praise', OE loj id. 
(mase, neut.), OFris loj id., OS loj 
id., OHG lob id. Derived from Heiíbaz. 
Torp-Falk 376; Holthausen AEEW 
206; Pokorný I 684; Zalizniak I 142; 
Bammesberger Kom. 57; Kluge-Seebold 
522. 

*lubjan sb.n.: Goth lubja-leis 'magician, 
alchemisť, ON /j/'healing herb', OE lybb 
'medicine, drug, poison', OS lubbi 'sap, 
poison', OHG lubbi 'poison'. Related to 
Olr luib 'plant, herb', Lat liber 'basť. 
Sohrader-Nehring I 61 (to Heubaz like 
Lat uenenum 'poison' < uenus 'love'); Gůn- 
tert Kalypso 203 (from Celtic); Mar- 
strander Corr. 20 (samé as Gůntert); 
Torp-Falk 377; Holthausen AEEW 
208; Walde-Hofmann I 790; Pokorný I 
690; Chemodanov SGGJa I 96; Vries 
ANEW 346-347, 369; Zalizniak I 145; 
Lehmann GED 237. 

*lubó sb.f: Godi bropru-lubo 'brotherly 
love', OS luva 'love', OHG luba id. Re- 
lated to Haubo, Heubaz. Feist 107; 
Pokorný I 683-684; Onions 538; Leh- 
mann GED 81, 237; Hetoermanns 377. 

*lubójanan wk.vb.: ON lofa 'to praise', 
OE lojům 'to praise, to value', OFris lovia 
'to praise', OS lobon id., OHG lobón, loben 
id. Derived from Hután. The variant 
Hub man attested in Goth lubains 'hope' is 
close to Lat lubet, libet 'to please'. Torp- 
Falk 376; Walde-Hofmann I 793-794; 
Holthausen AEE]V 206-207; Feist 
336-337; Lehmann GED 237; Kluge- 
Seebold 522. 

*luftjanan wk.vb.: ON lypta 'to lift, to 
raise', MLG luchten id., MHG liiften id. 
Derived from Huftuz ~ Huftiz. Onions 
527; Kluge-Seebold 527. 

*luftuz ~ *luftiz sb.f: Godr luftus 'air' 
(mase. or fem.), ON lopt 'air, sky, loft, 
upper room' (< Huftari), OE lyft 'air' 
(fem., mase, neut.), OS luft id. (fem. and 
mase), OHG lujt id. (fem. and mase). 



luftuz 



250 



lukon 



Related to Skt lumpáti 'to break, to 
injure', Lith lupu, lúpti : to peď. The 
originál meaning might be 'porch' or 
'upper floor'. However, the reverse 
direction of development is as possible, 
with 'air' defined as 'section, sector'. 
Grienberger Got. 152—153 (to Lith luóbas 
'bark'); Torp-Falk 377 (to *lauían); 
Meringer Mitt. Pal. 57-60 ('porch' 
> 'airy room' > 'air'); Loth RC XLIII 
135-137 (to W llwch 'whirling dusť 
< *lup-s-); Torp-Falk 377; Holthausen 
AEEW 208; Feist 337; May- 
rhofer III 1 08-1 09; Pokorný I 690-691 ; 
Fraenkel 391-392; Zalizniak II 202; 
Pisani JDE XIV 32-33 (< *luk-tu- 'upper 
layer'); Lehmann GED 237; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 157; Fsluge-Seebold 527. 

*lu3Ínó sb.f.: Norw lygn 'lie', OE lysen id., 
OFris láne id., OS lugina id., OHG lugina 
id. Derived from Heu^anan. Similar to 
Slav adj. *h>žbm>, fem. *h>žbna 'falše'. 
Torp-Falk 373; Holthausen AEElf 
208; Pokorný I 687; Zalizniak I 221; 
Seebold 337; Lehmann GED 236; 
Trubachev ESSJa XVII 10-11. 

*lu3ín sb.f.: ON lygi 'lie', OHG lugl id. 
Derived from Heu^anan. Torp-Falk 
373; Pokorný I 686-687; Zalizniak I 
221; Seebold 337. 

*lu3Ďn sb.m.: ON ping-logi 'engagement- 
breaker', OE Ireów-loga 'one who fails to 
keep faiťh', OS treu-logo 'traitor'. Derived 
from Heuyinan. Holthausen AEElť 206; 
Seebold 337; Bammesberger Nom. 174. 

*lu3Ón ~ *luxón sb.m.: ON logi 'fláme', 
OFris loga id., MHG lohe id. Cf. ON log 
id. (neut.). Related to Heuk- 'to shine', see 
Heuxtan. Torp-Falk 372; Onions 538; 
Pokorný I 688-689; Zalizniak II 220; 
Lehmann GED 228, 236; Bammesberger 
Nom. 175. 

*luxatjanan wk.vb.: Goth lauhatjan 'to 
flash (of lightning)', OHG lohezzen id., uz- 
lougezzen 'to špit with fire' (< Hau3a.tja.ri). 
Structurally similar to Gk XzwáX^w 'to 
be white' which, however, seems to be 
a Greek innovation (Schwyzer Mélanges 
Pedersen 63, 72). Connected with Hau^az 



~ *lau3iz. Torp-Falk 372; Feist 324; 
Pokorný I 688; Frisk II 108-109; 
Lehmann GED 228. 

*luxaz ~ *luxsuz sb.m.: OSwed ló~ 'lynx', 
OE lox id., OS lohs id., OHG luhs id. 
Related to Arm pl. lusnanunk' id., Gk Xúyij 
id., Mír lug id. (with irregular -g- < *-k), 
Lith lúšis id., Slav *rysb id. (with irregu- 
lar *)-), see Fórsterman K£ I 498. 
Bugge KZ XX 10; Zupitza Gutt. 191; 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 186, 188; Torp-Falk 
373; Holthausen AEEW 207; Pokorný I 
690; Fraenkel 392-393; Frisk II 
141-142; Zalizniak II 224; Kluge- 
Seebold 527. 

*lukan sb.n.: Goth us-luk 'opening', ON 
lok 'lock', OE loc 'lock, bolt, bar', OFris 
lok 'lock', OHG loh 'hole, cavity'. Related 
to Húkanan. Torp-Falk 372; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 205; Feist 533; Pokorný 
I 686; Zalizniak II 227; Onions 534; 
Seebold 338; Lehmann GED 143; 
Bammesberger Nom. 57; Fsluge-Seebold 
522-523. 

*lukkaz sb.m.: ON lokkr 'hairlock', OE locc 
'hair, hairlock', OFris lokk 'hairlock', OS 
lokk id., OHG loc id. Related to IE Heug- 
'to benď, cf. Gk \vyoq 'withy; screw- 
press', Lith lúgnas 'supple, flexible'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 164; Torp-Falk 372; 
Holthausen AEEW 205; Martinet Gem. 
85, 92, 188; Pokorný I 685; Fraenkel 
388-389; Frisk II 141; Zalizniak I 134; 
Onions 534; Kluge-Seebold 523. 

*lukk5janan wk.vb.: ON lokka 'to entice', 
OE 3e-loccian 'to stroke gently', OHG 
hekán 'to entice'. Probably connected 
with Lith lugóti 'to ask, to requesť, Slav 
*h>gati 'to lie' (Endzeltn K£ Lil 1 1 4- 
116). Cf. *leu3anan. Noreen Abrift 156; 
Zupitza Gutt. 164; Torp-Falk 374; 
Holthausen AEE]V 205; Martinet 
Gem. 174; Pokorný I 687; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 76; Fraenkel 389; Stang LS 34; 
Lehmann GED 236; Kluge-Seebold 523 
(to Hukkaz). 

*lukón sb.f: ON loká 'cover, lid', OHG 
lucka 'hatch, opening'. Derived from 
Húkanan. Seebold 338. 



lunaz 



251 



luttiz 



*lunaz sb.m.: Goth luns 'ransom'. Finn lun- 
nas id. (Thomsen Einfl. 151) attests the 
originál form (mase. nstem). Adjective in 
*-no- of IE *leu-\ Skt lúná-, participle of 
Skt lunati 'to cuť, Gk \v<a 'to release', Lat 
luo 'to free, to pay ofF. Cf. in particular 
Gk Mixpov 'ransom'. Torp-Falk 370; 
Feist 338; Walde-Hofmann I 834; 
Mayrhofer III 106-107; Pokorný I 
681-682; Dybo VSJa 24 (pretonic short- 
ening in Gmc); Frisk II 149-150; 
Lehmann GED 238. 

*lundó sb.f.: ON pl. lundir 'flesh along the 
back', OE lund-la^a 'rein, kidney', OHG 
lunda 'sueť. Related to Handin ~ Haníjo. 
Torp-Falk 362; Pokorný I 675. 

*lun3wan ~ *lun3\v5n sb.n./f.: ON pl. 
lungu 'lungs', OHG lunga 'lung'. Gf. also 
Hun3un(j)o > OE lunjen id., OFris lungen, 
lungene id., OS lungannia id., OHG lungun 
id. Related to Hunsimaz,. Torp-Falk 
360; Holthausen AEEW 207; Pokorný 
I 661; Zalizniak I 221; Onions 540; 
Lehmann GED 230; Kluge-Seebold 
528. 

*lun3wraz adj.: OE adv. lungre 'quickly, 
soon', OS lungar 'strong, powerful', OHG 
lungar 'efficient, eager, fasť. Identical with 
Gk iXaufpóq 'light, quick'. For further 
connections see Henxtaz. ZuprrzA Gutt. 
179; Torp-Falk 360; Holthausen 
AEEW 201; Pokorný I 661; Frisk I 484; 
Lehmann GED 230; Bammesberger Nom. 
247; Heidermanns 388-389. 

*lunjanan wk.vb.: Goth *lunjan 'to savé' 
(suggested by us-luneins 'salvation, re- 
demption'), OE a-lynnan 'to deliver, to 
release'. Derived from Hunaz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 209; Feist 338, 534; 
Lehmann GED 238. 

*luppón sb.f.: Swed loppa 'flea', OE loppe 
'flea, spider(?)'. Derivationally close to 
Latv lupa 'fragment, bit, small piece' fur- 
ther related to Skt lumpáti 'to break into 
pieces', Lith lúpti 'to peel', Slav Hupiti id. 
For the semantic development cf. Slav 
*molb 'moth' from *melti 'to grind, to 
break' (see Hnaluz ~ *malo). Torp-Falk 
375-376 (to MHG lupfen 'to move quickly, 



to soar'); Pokorný I 690-691; Fraenkel 
391-392. 

*lusan sb.n.: ON los 'looseness, breaking 
up', OE los 'loss', OHG far-los id. Derived 
from *leusanan. Holthausen AEEW 
206; Seebold 339; Onions 537. 

*lusnójanan wk.vb.: GoŮifra-lusnan 'to be 
losť, ON losna 'to get loose, to get free'. 
Derived from Heusanan. Torp-Falk 377; 
Feist 163; Seebold 339. 

*lus5janan wk.vb.: ON losa 'to loosen', 
OE losian 'to perish, to be losť, OS losian 
'to become free'. Derived from Husan. 
Holthausen AEE]V 206; Onions 537. 

*lustjanan ~ *lust5janan wk.vb.: Goth 
luston 'to desire', OE lystan 'to cause pleas- 
ure', OS lustian, lustean 'to desire', OHG 
luston id. Derived from *lustuz ~ Hustaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 209; Feist 338; 
Onions 531; Lehmann GED 238. 

*lustu-saman ~ *lusta-samaz adj.: 
Goth lustu-sama 'longed for, desirable', 
OS lust-sam 'desirable, pleasant, charm- 
ing', OHG lust-sam id. Derived from Hus- 
tuz ~ Hustaz. Cf. also OE lust-sum-líc 
'pleasant, delectable'. Feist 338; Carr 
Nom. comp. 59; Lehmann GED 238. 

*lustiz sb.f: Goth fra-lusts 'destruction, 
loss', OS far-lust id., MHG ver-lust 'waste'. 
Derived from Heusanan. Feist 163; See- 
bold 339; Bammesberger Nom. 140. 

*lustuz ~ *lustaz sb.m.: Goth lustus 
'desire, lusť, latě ON lyst id. (fem. Hustiz), 
OE lust id., OFris lust id., OS lust id., 
OHG lust id. Probably, from Hui-stu- 
derived from *luoo. Schmidt Voc. II 148 
(< *ls-tu-, from Has- 'to desire' as in Skt 
lásati id. < *-lals-, Gk Xám 'to look'); 
Sperber ]VuS VI 54-55 (to Hutanan); 
Torp-Falk 378; Holthausen AEE]V 
207-208; Feist 338; Pokorný I 654 (to 
Has- 'to be greedy, lascivous'), 683-684; 
Trter Venus 160—176 (from Heusanan); 
Zalizniak II 202; Onions 541; Lehmann 
GED 238; Bammesberger Nom. 157-158; 
Kluge-Seebold 528-529. 

*luttiz ~ *luttjaz adj.: OE lyt 'litde, few', 
LG lůtt 'small, litde', OHG luzzi id. 
Probably derived from Hutanan. Johans- 



luttiz 



252 



ma3a 



son PBB XV 231-232 (to Hetanan and 
*kutaz); Krogmann IF LIII 307-309 
(to IE *el- 'to benď); Torp-Falk 374; 
Holthausen AEET/209; Feist 328-329; 
Pokorný I 684; Onions 532; Lehmann 
GED 231; Heidermanns 390-391 (alter- 
nativě reconstruction *lutiz). 

*luj)5n sb.m.: ON lodi 'fur cloak', OE loéa 
'cloak, upper garmenť, OFris lotha id., 
OS lotho id., OHG lodo, ludo 'coarse 
woolen cloth'. Unclear. Torp-Falk 374— 
375; Kluge-Seebold 523 (to Heuianarí). 

*lúkanan str.vb.: Goth ga-lúkan 'to lock 
up, to shut up', ON lúka 'to shuť, OE 
liícan 'to close, to conclude, to lock', 
OFris lúka 'to shuť, OS bi-lúkan id., 
OHG bi-lúhhan id. Connected with Gk 
Xvyoq 'withy; screw-press', Lith lúgnas 
'flexible'. Cf. Hukkaz. Torp-Falk 371; 
Feist 189-190; Holthausen AEEW 207; 
Jóhannesson IEW 743—744; Pokorný I 
685-686; Fraenkel 388-389; Vries 
ANEW 368; Frisk II 141; Seebold 
338-339; Lehmann GED 143; Kluge- 
Seebold 522-523. 

*lúkanan ~ *leukanan str.vb.: OE lúcan 
'to pull up, to weeď, OFris lúka 'to pull', 
MLG luken 'to tear', OHG liohhan 'to 
pluck' (with a secondary diphthong). 
Related to Skt rujáti 'to break, to shatter, 



Arm lucanem. 'to break open', Lith láužiu, 
láužti 'to break'. Schweizer K£ I 565; 
Bezzenberger GGA 1898 556 (to Lat 
lucto 'to wrestie, to struggle', luxor 'to 
rioť); Torp-Falk 371-372; Holthausen 
AEEW 201; Mayrhofer III 64; Pokorný 
I 686; Fraenkel 347; Seebold 337; 
Lehmann GED 143; Kluge-Seebold 7. 

*lúsz sb.f.: ON lús 'louse', OE lús id., 
MLG lús id. (i-stem), OHG lús id. (t- 
stem). Related to W pl. llau 'lice', Corn 
pl. low id., Bret pl. laou id. < Huua. 
Lohmann JTfceltPh. XLX 62-64; Torp- 
Falk 571; Schulze Kl. Schr. 59 (to Slav 
*n-bšb id.); Holthausen AEEW 207; 
Pokorný I 692; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
99; Zalizniak II 209; Onions 538; 
Bammesberger Mom. 195; Griepentrog 
IVurzelnomina 257—271; Kluge-Seebold 
506. 

*lútanan str.vb.: ON lúta 'to bow down', 
OE hítan 'to lout, to bow, to bend for- 
warď. Of unknown origin. Torp-Falk 
374 (to Lith Hustil, Husti 'to become saď, 
Slav Huditi 'to deceive'); Holthausen 
AEEW 208; Jóhannesson IEW 745-746; 
Pokorný I 684; Vries ANEW 369; 
Fraenkel 378-379; Onions 538; See- 
bold 340-341; Lehmann GED 236 (to 
*leutaz). 



m 



*madrón sb.f.: ON madra 'madder', OE 
mtedere id., MLG madre id., OHG matra 
id. Related to Slav *modrt> 'purple, blue' 
(Berneker II 66; Hellouist apud Vries). 
Loewenthal ANF XXXII 272 (to Russ 
matež 'white spoť); Torp-Falk 306; 
Holthausen AEE]V 210; Machek ArOr 
XVII 131 (connects Slav *modrb with 
Hitt antara- 'blue'); Pokorný I 747; Vries 
ANEW 375 (to WFris miede id., MLG mede 
id.); Onions 544; Seebold Lar. 510 (to 
Hitt antara- 'blue' < *mdhro-); Trubaohev 



ESSJa XLX 101-104; Heidermanns 392. 
*ma3a irreg. str.vb.: Goth mag 'can, to be 
able', ON má id., OE m&3 id., OFris mei 
id., OS mag id., OHG mag id. Most of Ure 
forms belong to the Vth class (Osthoff 
PBB XV 217-218). Related to Toch AB 
mokats 'mighty', Skt maghá- 'gift, reward, 
wealth', Gk nfjxoí 'means, contrivance', 
Olr do-for-maig 'to extend, to increase', 
Lith mageti 'to please', Slav *mogq, *mogti 
'to be able' (Schleicher K^ I 141). 
Curtius Gr. Et. 328 (to IE *megh- 'great, 



ma3a 



253 



ma3uz 



big'); Hirt PBB XXIII 35 (Slav *mogq, 
*mogti from Germanic); Wiedemann BB 
XXVIII 62-66; Meillet MSL XIV 335, 
XIX 183; Zupitza Gutt. 178; Schmidt K£ 
XXV 18 (samé as Gurtius); Torp-Falk 
303; Trautmann K£ XLVI 180-182; 
Feist 338-339; Holthausen AEEW 213; 
Kluge PBB IX 156 (to Av masy 5 'larger', 
Gk iiatcpóc; 'long'); Jóhannesson IEW 
650-651; Mayrhofer II 545-546; 
Pokorný I 695; Fraenkel 395; Frisk II 
235; Vries ANEW 374; Zalizniak II 
202; Onions 563; Seebold 342-343; 
Stang LS 37; Lehmann GED 239-240; 
Trubachev ESSJa XFK 107-1 11; Kluge- 
Seebold 565. 

*ma3abiz sb.f.: Goth magaps 'maiden', OE 
mď^d 'maid, virgin, giri, maiden', OFrís 
megith 'maiden', OS magath id. (root stem), 
OHG magad id. Identical with the first 
component of Celt *magot-akta in Mír 
ingen maccdacht 'young growing girl', MW 
machteith 'virgo', OCorn mahtheid id. Fur- 
ther connected with *majuz. Zupitza 
Gutt. 66; Torp-Falk 304; Holthausen 
AEEW 210; Feist 339; Pokorný I 696; 
Zalizniak II 209; Vendryes M-3; 
Onions 546; Lehmann GED 240; Bam- 
mesberger Nom. 215; Fvluge-Seebold 
531. 

*ma3enan sb.n.: Burg *magin 'power', ON 
megin 'might, strength', OE mie^en 'might, 
strength', OS megin id., OHG megin, magan 
id. Derived from *ma$a. Torp-Falk 
304 (to Gk |U|xctvr| 'contrivance, ma- 
chine'); Holthausen AEEW 210; Vrdís 
ANEW 375, 381; Onions 546; Seebold 
342; Bammesberger Nom. 82; Kobler 
712; Heidermanns 392-393. 

*ma3ena-werkan sb.n.: ON megin-verk 
'mighty deeď, OE mte^en-weorc 'mighty 
work'. Compound of *ma^enan and *wer- 
kan. Carr Nom. comp. 50. 

*ma3enaz adj.: ON meginn 'strong', OHG 
megin id. See *ma^enan. Heidermanns 
392-393. 

*ma3enójanan wk.vb.: ON magna 'to 
strengthen', OE mď^enian 'to gain 
strength', OHG ubar-maganon, ubar-meginon 



id. Derived from *ma^enan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 210; Vries ANEW 375, 
381. 

*ma3ÍJ?6 sb.f: ON megi 'doing', MLG 
mechte 'power'. Derived from *ma^a. 
Vries ANEW 381. 

*ma3Ďn sb.m.: ON magi 'stomach', OE 
ma$a id., OFris mága id., MLG máge id., 
OHG mago id. Connected widr W megin 
'bellows', Lith makas 'purse'. Zupitza 
Gutt. 134; Torp-Falk 304 (to Olr měn 
'open mouth' < *makno-)\ Holthausen 
AEE]V 213; Pokorný I 698; Fraenkel 
399; Vries ANEW 375; Zalizniak I 154; 
Onions 563; Kluge-Seebold 531; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*ma3raz adj.: ON magr 'meager, lean', 
OE me^er id., MLG mager id., OHG magar 
id. Identical with Lat macer id. and prob- 
ably Gk naKpói; 'long'. Fíarsten NB II 
251-252; Torp-Falk 304; Holthausen 
AEEW 210; Walde-Hofmann II 2; 
Porzig Gliederung 111; Pokorný I 699; 
Kammenhuber FvZ LXXVII 64 (on Hitt 
makl-ant- 'thin'); Chemodanov SGGJa I 
91; Vries ANEW 375; Frisk II 164- 
165; Heidermann 393; Kluge-Seebold 
531. 

*ma3rin sb.f: ON megri 'meagerness', 
OHG magari id. Derived from *ma^raz. 
Torp-Falk 304; Vries ANEW 381; Hei- 
dermanns 393. 

*ma3rjanan wk.vb.: ON megra 'to make 
meager', OHG magaren id. Derived from 
*masraz. Vries ANEW 381; Heider- 
manns 393. 

*ma3uz sb.m.: Goth mágus 'child, boy', 
ON mqgr 'boy, youth, son, man', OE 
ma^u 'child, son, servant', OS mágu 'ser- 
vant', OHG magu-zogo 'educator, mentor'. 
Identical with Olr maug, mug 'slavě', Corn 
maw 'youth', Bret mao id. (Arbois de 
Jubainville MSL VII 292: Gmc from 
Celtic) and further related to Av magava- 
'unmarrieď (Fick II 198; Brugmann IF 
XXXVIII 140-141: further to *ma 3 a, cf 
Lat uir 'man' ~ uls 'power'). Schweizer 
K^ I 559 (to Gk iiéyac;); Wdídemann BB 
XXVIII 62-66 (to Olr mace 'son'); 



ma3iiz 



254 



maina-ail)az 



Bartholomae 1111; Berneker IF IX 
361 (to Lat homo man'); Zupitza K£ 
XXVI 237, Gutt. 65; Jokl IF XLIII 
57—59 (to Alb makth 'young hare'); 
Pedersen Festschr. Jespersen 62—63 (on Olr 
mace 'son'); Meielet MSL XXI 46 (from 
children's vocabulary); Torp-Falk 304; 
Holthausen AEE]V 214; Feist 339; 
Pokorný I 696; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
96; Vendryes M-70-71; Vries ANEW 
400; Zalizniak I 152; Onions 546; 
Lehmann ZfMuni XXXV 15-19 (non- 
IE), GED 240; Bammesberger Nom. 
156-157. 

*ma3wil5(n) sb.f.: Goth marnilo 'little girl', 
ON meyla id., OE meówle 'maid, damsel, 
virgin'. Deríved from *ma^wjó. Torp- 
Falk 304; Hirt Etym. 110 (to Skt mahila 
'woman, wife'); Holthausen AEEW 219; 
Feist 352; Chemodanov SGGJa I 106; 
Vries ANEW 386. 

*ma3wjó sb.f.: Goth mawi 'girl', ON már 
id. Derived from *majuz. Zupitza Gutt. 
65; Torp-Falk 304; Feist 352; Vries 
ANEW 399; Bammesberger Nom. 1 14. 

*maxtÍ3az adj.: Goth mahteigs 'powerful, 
able, possible', ON máttigr 'powerful, 
mighty', OE meahti^ id., OFris elle-machtich 
'almighty', OS mahtig 'powerful, mighty', 
OHG mahtig id. Derived from *maxtiz. 
Torp-Falk 304; Feist 340; Pokorný 

I 695; Lehmann GED 240; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*maxti-lausaz adj.: ON mátt-lauss 'power- 
less, exhausteď, OE meaht-leás 'power- 
less', Du machte-loos id., MHG macht-lós 
id. Compound of *maxtiz and Hausaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 90 (parallel formations). 

*maxtiz sb.f: Goth mahts 'power, mighť, 
ON máttr id. (< *maxtuz), OE meaht 
'mighť, OFris macht id., OS maht id., 
OHG maht id. Derived from *ma^a. 
Structurally identical with Slav *mogťb 
'might, power'. Wiedemann BB XXVI- 

II 63 (Slav < Gmc); Torp-Falk 304; 
Holthausen AEEW 216; Feist 340; 
Benveniste Nom. 1 08—1 1 1 ; Pokorný I 
695; Zalizniak II 202; Onions 575; 
Stang LS 37; Seebold 342; Lehmann 



GED 240; Bammesberger Kom. 145; 
Trubachev ESSJa XLX 111-112; Kluge- 
Seebold 530. 

*maiďaz I sb.m.: ON meior 'pole, beam'. 
Related to Skt methí- 'pillar, post', Lith 
miětas 'pole'. Torp-Falk 301-302; May- 
rhofer II 683; Pokorný I 709; Fraenkel 
451; Vries ANEW 381. 

*maiďaz II adj.: Gouh ga-maips 'crippleď, 
OE 3e-mdd 'erazy, maď, OS gi-med 'fool- 
ish, stupiď, OHG gi-meit 'silly, foolish, 
stupiď. Derived from *maidjanan (Uhlen- 
beck PBB XXX 280). Torp-Falk 321; 
Bugge PBB XXIV 456-457 (to Gk 
ná-mv 'in vain'); Feist 191; Schwiete- 
rtng ZDADL LVI 125-127; Holthausen 
AEEW 209; Pokorný I 715; Vries 
ANEW 144; Onions 544; Lehmann GED 
144; Heidermanns 394-395. 

*maiďjanan wk.vb.: Gouh maidjan 'to 
alter, to falsify', ON meida 'to hurt, to in- 
jure, to maim', OE part. ^e-máded 'fool- 
ish, maddeneď. Causative of *mipanan 
(Zupitza BB XXV 98). Torp-Falk 32 1 
Holthausen AEEW 210; Feist 340 
Pokorný I 715; Vries ANEW 381 
Onions 544; Benveniste IEL 82; See- 
bold 349; Peeters KZ XCIV 207-208; 
Lehmann GED 144, 240-241; Heider- 
manns 394-395. 

*maÍ3az adj.: OE mih 'wicked, wanton'. 
Identical widr Gk \)jaxyóc, 'adulterer'. 
Further see *mi^anan. Holthausen AEE\ I ' 
213; Frisk II 249-250; Bammesberger 
Nom. 237; Heidermanns 395. 

*mailan sb.n.: Goth mail 'wrinkle', OE 
mál 'mole, spot, mark', MLG mel 'mole, 
spoť, OHG meíl id. Identical with Olr 
mael 'bald' < *mailo- (Saussure Recueil 
595-596; Wood MLN XXI 40). 
Persson Beitráge 221 (to Litír pl. miělés 
'yeast'); Hirt Ablaut 151; Grtenberger 
Got. 154 (to Gk |jiapó<; 'staineď, uvaívto 
'to dye'); Bugge PBB XXIV 433 (to Skt 
mála- 'dirt, filth', Gk \iíXaq 'black'); 
Torp-Falk 302; Holthausen AEEW 
214; Feist 340-341; Pokorný I 697; 
Onions 585; Lehmann GED 241. 

*maina-aibaz sb.m.: ON mein-eidr 'falše 



maina-ailmz 



255 



maisaz 



oath, perjury', OE mán-ád id., OFris 
měn-ith id., OS min-ith id., OHG mein- 
eid id. Compound of *maínaz and 
*cdpaz. Torp-Falk 319; Carr jYom. 
comp. 50. 

*maina-fullaz adj.: ON mein-fullr 'nox- 

ious', OE mán-Jull 'evil, wickeď, OS min- 

ful 'noxious', OHG mein-fol 'nefarious, 

shameful'. Compound of *mainan and 

*fullaz. Carr JVom. comp. 60. 

*maina-llkaz adj.: ON mein-ligr 'painful, 
troublesome', OHG mein-lih 'nefarious, 
dastardly'. Derived from *mainaz. Hei- 

DERMANNS 396. 

*mainan sb.n.: ON mein 'hurt, harm', OE 
man 'shameful actíon, crime, wickedness', 
OS měn id., OHG mein id. Substanti- 
vized form of *mainaz. Torp-Falk 319; 
HoLTHAusEN AEE\ I 7 2 1 4; Pokorný 1710; 
Vries ANEW 382; Zaeizniak II 170; 
Onions 553; Heidermanns 396. 

*maina-swarón sb.m.: ON mein-svari 
'perjurer', OE mán-swara id. Compound 
of *mainan or *mainaz and *swaron. 
Carr Mom. comp. 76 (parallel formations). 

*mainaz adj.: ON meinn 'mean, base', OE 
man 'wicked, falše', OFris min 'wrong', 
MLG min id., OHG mein id. Related to 
Lat múnus 'service, office', Olr móin, máin 
'preciousness', Lith maínas 'change, 
exchange', Slav *měna id. and other 
derivatives of *mei- 'to change, to 
exchange'. Karsten MB II 225-226, 
313; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 57, 174; Torp- 
Falk 319; Feist 190-191; Holthausen 
AEEW 214; Walde-Hofmann I 255; 
Pokorný I 710; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
86-87; Fraenkel 395-397; Vries ANEW 
382; Benveniste 79; Lehmann GED 
143-144; Heidermanns 395-396; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa XVIII 171-172; Kluge- 
Seebold 550. 

*mainiz adj.: Goth ga-mains 'common', 
OE se-mréne id., OFris mim id., OS gí-mini 
'usual', OHG gi-meini 'common'. The 
form wiui prefix *3a-mainiz is identical 
with Lat commúnis id. See *mainaz. 
Torp-Falk 319; Feist 190-191; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 211; Walde-Hofmann I 



254-256; Pokorný I 710; Onions 565; 
Peeters KZ XLI 166; Heidermanns 
396-397; Kluge-Seebold 311. 

*mainin sb.f: Goth ga-mainei 'community, 
KOivcovía', OFris mine id., OHG gi-meini 
id. Derived from *mainiz. Feist 190; 
Heidermanns 397. 

*mainjanan I wk.vb.: Goth ga-mainjan 'to 
demean', ON meina 'to harm, to hinder', 
MDu ver-menen 'to damage by a criminal 
acť, OHG fir-meinen 'to perjure'. Derived 
from *mainaz. Structurally identical with 
Slav *měniti 'to change'. Feist 190; 
Vries ANEW 382; Trubachev ESSJa 
XVIII 173-174. 

*mainjanan II wk.vb.: OE ménan 'to 
mean', OFris mina 'to signify', OS minian 
'to intend, to make known', OHG meinen 
'to mean'. Related to Slav *mbněti ~ 
mbniti 'to think', *měniti 'to mean, to 
ťhink'. Torp-Falk 302 (from WGm 
*maino 'meaning, sense': OFris mine, 
OHG meina compared with Olr mían 
'wish' < *meino-)\ Holthausen AEE]f 
211; Pokorný I 714; Onions 565; 
Meid Sprache XII 109; Stang LS 36; 
Trubachev ESSJa XVIII 174-175, 
XXI 113-115; Kluge-Seebold 551. 

*mainjanan III wk.vb.: Goth ga-mainjan 
'to share, to make common', OE ménan 
'to telí, to relate', MDu ge-meinen 'to im- 
part', OHG gi-meinen 'to destine, to alloť. 
Derived from *mainiz. Holthausen 
AEE]V 211; Feist 190; Heidermanns 
397. 

*mainj5n sb.m.: Goth ga-mainja 'partaker, 
participanť, OHG gi-meino 'comrade, 
partner'. Derived from *mainiz. Feist 
190; Heidermanns 397. 

*mairjan sb.n.: ON landa-mceri 'border- 
lanď, OE mére 'boundary, limit', MDu 
mere 'boundary mark, pole'. Related to 
Lat múrus 'walT. Torp-Falk 302; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 212; Walde-Hofmann II 
131-132; Pokorný I 709; Onions 570. 

*maisaz sb.m.: ON meiss 'basket, wooden 
box'. Cf. also *maisjo > MLG mise 'ton, 
dry measure', OHG meisa 'basket'. 
Identical with Slav *měx~b 'water-skin, 



maisaz 



256 



maiwaz 



fur', OPrus moasis 'bellows', Lith maíšas 
'bag' (Bugge KZ XX 1-2; Schrader- 
Nehring I 629). Uhlenbeck AfslPH 
XVI 370; Lidén PBB XV 512 (to *mai- 
tanan); Torp-Faek 302; Trautmann BSW 
165; Pokorný I 747; Fraenkel 397; 
Vries ANEW 382; Trubachev ESSJa 
XVIII 156-159. 

*maiskaz sb.m.: Norw dial. meisk 'mix', 
OE máx-wyrt 'mash-wort, the wort in the 
mash-tub', MLG mesche 'crushed grapes', 
MHG meisch 'crushed grapes'. Identical 
with Slav *mězga juice, tar'. Torp-Falk 
322 (to *miskjanan ~ *imskojanan); Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 216; Onions 559; 
Trubachev ESSJa XVIII 223-225; 
Keuge-Seebold 533. 

*maisón sb.f.: Swed mes 'tit, títmouse', 
OE mase id., OS mesa id., OHG meisa id. 
Gf. also ON meisingr id. Derived from 
*maisaz. Fick II 205 (to W mwyalch 
'blackbirď < *meisalká, cf. *amsldri)\ 
Wood KZ XLV 70 (to Norw meis 'weak, 
frail'); Torp-Falk 302 (to Lar merula 
'blackbirď, W mwyalch id.); Holthausen 
AEEW 215; Vries ANEW 382; Onions 
927; Keuge-Seebold 551. 

*maistaz adj.: Goth maists 'most', ON 
mestr id., OE mást id., OFris mast id., 
OS mest id., OHG meist id. Superlative 
related to *maiz. Feist 341; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 216; Pokorný I 704; 
Vries ANEW 385; Onions 592; Ltnde- 
man Verscharfung 9.3; Lehmann GED 
241; Bammesberger Nom. 236; Kluge- 
Seebold 551. 

*maitanan str.vb.: Goth maitan 'to cut, to 
hew', OHG meizan 'to cut off'. Probably 
related to *mipanan, *maiajanan (Solmsen 
KZ XXXVII 584). Derived from here 
(with a prefix *ě-) is the WGmc word for 
'anť *maitjon > OE té-met(t)e 'anť, MLG 
dmete, ě-mete id., OHG a-meiza id. For 
the semantic development cf. Slav *molb 
'moth' from *melti 'to grind, to break'. 
Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 280; Grien- 
berger Got. 154 (same as Hoffmann); 
Hoffmann Festschr. Fick 45 (to *smitanan); 
Wood MLN XXI 40 (same as Solmsen); 



Torp-Falk 320; Noreen Abyifi 31, 192 
(to Goth mes 'table', OE míse id.) 
Holthausen AEEW 11; Feist 341-342 
Pokorný I 697; Vries ANEW 382-383 
Onions 39, 582; Seebold 343-344: 
Lehmann GED 144, 241-242; Lloyd- 
Springer I 203-205; Kluge-Seebold 33, 
551. 

*maitilaz sb.m.: ON meitill 'chisel', OHG 
meizil id. Derived from *maitanan. Torp- 
Falk 320; Vries ANEW 382; Seebold 
344; Lehmann GED 242. 

*maitjanan wk.vb.: ON meita 'to cut, to 
trim', OHG aba-fir-meizan 'to cut off' (str.). 
Derived from *maitanan. Jóhannesson 
IEW 648; Vries ANEW 382; Seebold 
344. 

*maitón sb.m.: ON prop. Meiti, OHG 
stein-meizo 'stone mason'. Derived from 
*maitanan. Vries ANEW 382. 

*maij5maz sb.m.: Goth maipms 'gifť, ON 
pl. meidmar 'gifts, presents' (fem.), OE 
mádum 'treasure, jewel, ornament', OS 
medom id., MHG meidem 'stallion'. Con- 
nected with *maiijanan, *mípanan. Torp- 
Falk 320; Feist 342; Holthausen AEEW 
216; Pokorný I 715; Vries ANEW 
381 (to Lat tnuto 'to move'); Zaliz- 
niak II 175; Benveniste IEL 82; See- 
bold 349; Lehmann Festschr. Einarsson 1 65 
(metric particularities of the Beowulf 
form); GED 242; Kienast Gedenkschr. 
Giintert 57-67; Bammesberger Nom. 70. 

*maiwaz I sb.m.: ON már, mór 'mew, 
gull', OE méw id. (< *maiwiz), Fris meau, 
mieu id., MLG meve id. (fem.). Derived 
from *maiwjanan (Suolahti ANT 397). 
Uhlenbeck PBB XX 328 (from *maixwaz, 
to Skt mécaka- 'dark blue, black'); Zupltza 
Gutt. 66; Pipping SNF VIII/1 5 (to ON 
msr 'narrow'); Torp-Falk 301 (follow 
Uhlenbeck); Holthausen AEEU r 213; 
Pokorný I 751; Vries AME1\' 378-379; 
Zalizniak II 188; Onions 574; Lerchner 
198; Kluge-Seebold 572. 

*maiwaz II adj.: ON mjór 'slim, narrow'. 
Identical with Toch B maiwe 'young'. 
Karsten NB II 445; Torp-Falk 319; 
Pokorný I 711; Vries ANEW 399; 



maiwaz 



257 



malxaz 



Heidermanns 397-398; Adams TB 472- 
473. 

*maiwjanan wk.vb.: ME mámen 'to shout, 
to mew', MDu mauwen id., MHG mámen 
id. Of imitative origin. Pokorný I 751 
(to Latv maůt 'to roar', Slav *myjati 'to 
mew'). 

*maiz adv.: Goth mais 'more', ON meir 
id., OE má id., OFris már, má id., OS 
mě, měr id., OHG měr id. Comparative 
based on *m«- 'large' similar to Ose mais 
'more' (Sommer IF XI 84-90), W maje 
id. < *měis (Osthoff Morph. Unt. VI 
219-221). Torp-Falk 300; Meillet 
BSI XXVII 232-233; Feist 341; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 209; Pokorný I 704; 
Vries AJfflV 382; Pisani Glotta L 28-29 
(to archaic Aeol *no"í 'more'); Onions 
583; Lehmann GED 241; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*maiz5n adj.: Goth maiza 'larger', ON 
meiri 'bigger, higher', OE mářa 'larger, 
more', OFris mářa 'bigger', OS měro 'big- 
ger, higher', OHG měro 'larger, more'. 
See *maiz. Torp-Falk 300-301; Feist 
341-342; Holthausen AEEW 209; 
Keuge 470-471; Pokorný I 704; Vries 
ANEW 382; Onions 589; Lindeman 
Verschárfung 105; Lehmann GED 242; 
Bammesberger Nom. 236; Heidermanns 
398-399; Keuge-Seebold 550. 

*maka-llkaz adj.: ON mak-ligr 'proper, 
becoming', OHG gi-mah-lih 'comfortable'. 
Derived from *makaz. Heidermanns 
399. 

*tnakan sb.n.: OESc mak 'condition, 
statě', OS un-gimak 'precipitousness', 
OHG mah 'thing'. See *makaz. Heider- 
manns 399. 

*makaz adj.: ON makr 'more unsuitable', 
OE míEc 'well-matched, equal, agreeable', 
OS un-gimak 'hostile', OHG gi-mah 
'appropriate'. Derived from *makojanan 
(Spitzer WuS VI 37). Fíarsten MB II 
453; Torp-Falk 303; Holthausen 
AEEW 209-210, AKW 190 (ON < 
MLG); Lidén SSUF 1898 67 (to Olr 
mám 'yoke' < *magmii); Pokorný I 696— 
697; Vries ANEW 376; Onions 561; 



Heidermanns 399-400; Fvluge-Seebold 
311. 

*mak6janan wk.vb.: Icel maka 'to smear', 
OE macian 'to make, to do', OFris makia 
id., OS makon id., OHG mahhon id. 
Identical with Slav *maŽQ, *mazati 'to 
smear'. Further connected with Gk 
liáaato 'to kneaď (Meringer IF XVII 
146-148). Torp-Falk 303; Meillet 
MSI XLX 122; Endzelin K? XLIV 66 
(on Baltic parallels: Latv muózět 'to tor- 
menť < *'to smear'); Holthausen AEE]f 
209; Pokorný I 696-697; Frisk II 
180-181; Onions 547; Vasmer-Truba- 
ghev II 557-558; Heidermanns 400; 
Kluge-Seebold 530; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*makón sb.m.: ON maki 'match, mate', 
OE 3e-maca 'mate, equal, companion', 
OS gi-mako 'match'. Derived from 
*makaz. Torp-Falk 303; Holthausen 
AWN 190 (ON < OS); Trter Lehm 
87-88; Vrtes ANEW 376. 

*malanan str.vb.: Goth malan 'to grinď, 
ON malá id., OS part. gi-malan id., OHG 
malan id. Related to Hitt malla- id., Toch 
A malyw-, B mely- 'to crush, to grinď, Skt 
mmáti id., Arm malém id., Lat molo 'to 
grinď, Olr melim id., Lith málu, málti id., 
Slav *me§Q, *melti id. (Lottner K^ VII 
22). Torp-Falk 314-315; Trautmann 
BSW 168; Walde-Hofmann II 104-106; 
Feist 342; Holthausen AEEW 2 18-2 19; 
Jóhannesson IEW 672-675; Trier Lehm 
67-75; Mayrhofer II 672-673; Po- 
korný I 716-717; Fraenkel 403-404; 
Vries ANEW 2,71; Seebold 344-345; 
Lehmann GED 242; Tischler HEG II 
102-103; Trubachev ESSJa XVIII 
90-91; Fvluge-Seebold 532-533; Adams 
TB 456-457; Burlak IFTJa 251. 

*malďriz ~ *malďran sb.m./n.: ON 
meldr 'flour, corn in the milí', OS maldar 
'milling, grinding', OHG maltar 'flour'. 
Derived from *malanan. Torp-Falk 
314; Vries ANEW 383. 

*malxaz ~ *malxó(n) sb.m./f.: ON malr 
'knapsack', ME male id., MLG male id., 
OHG malaha id. A ]Vanderwort similar to 
Gk [LáXyoq 'leather sack'. Torp-Falk 



malxaz 



258 



malwjanan 



316; Feist 524 (to *malskaz); Holthausen 
ANI V 191 (ON < MLG); Vries ANEW 
377; Van Windekens I 286 (to Toch AB 
miilk- 'to interweave'). 

*mallaz adj.: WFris mál 'foolish, maď, 
MLG mail 'stupid, foolish'. Probably, 
identical with Skt malvá- 'thoughtless, 
foolish, unwise' (Heidermanns 400). Rela- 
ted to *malanan. Holthausen AEEW 
216, 221; Mayrhofer II 602; Pokorný I 
716. 

*malmaz ~ *malmon sb.m.: Goth 
malma 'sanď, ON malmr 'metal', OE 
mealm-stán 'malmstone'. Cf. a more archaic 
ablaut grade in *melmaz. Torp-Falk 
314; Holthausen AEEW 217; Feist 343; 
Pokorný I 717; Vries ANEW 377 (even- 
tually, to *malanari); Zalizniak II 179; 
Onions 549; Seebold 344; Lehmann 
GED 242; Bammesberger Nom. 71; 
FCluge-Seebold 535. 

*malskaz adj.: Goth un-tila-malsks 'rash, 
reckless', OS malsk 'proud, high-spiriteď. 
From *maliskaz related to Lat mollis 'soft' 
< *molduis, Slav *molctb 'young' and their 
cognates (Grienberger Got. 229). Further 
see *maltaz. Torp-Falk 316; Walde- 
Hofmann II 103-104; Feist 524; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 214; Pokorný I 719 
(to Gk jiaXcucóg 'weak', Mír malcad 'rot, 
decay'); Ebbinghaus GL XVII 20 (to Gk 
liá.Xa, [láXXov 'much, more'); Lehmann 
GED 378-379 ("may be non-IE"); Hei- 
dermanns 400-401; Trubachev ESSJa 
XLX 174-179. 

*maltan sb.n.: ON malt 'malt', OE mealt 
id., OS malt id., OHG malz id. Sub- 
stantivized *maltaz. Torp-Falk 317; 
Holthausen AEE1 1' 2 1 7; Pokorný 1718; 
Vries ANEW 377-378; Zalizniak I 142; 
Onions 549; Martynov Jazyk 20-21 
(from Slav *molto)\ Heidermanns 401; 
FCluge-Seebold 536. 

*maltaz adj.: Icel maltr 'sharp, bitter (of 
taste)', OE mealt 'cooked, boiled (?)', 
OFris malt 'bad, spoileď, OHG malz 
'gende, soft, milď. Related to Skt mrdú- 
'soft, tender, milď, Lat mollis id., W bljdd 
id., Slav *moldb 'young' (with an o-grade 



as in Gmc), further connected with Skt 
mrdnáti 'to press, to squeeze, to rub', Gk 
HÉA.8(o 'to soften by boiling'. Fíarsten 
NB I 42; Torp-Falk 317; Walde- 
Hofmann II 13-104; Mayrhofer II 676 
Pokorný I 718; Frisk II 199-200 
Onions 549, 568; Heidermanns 401 
Trubachev ESSJa XIX 174-179 
Fíluge-Seebold 536. 

*maltjanan I wk.vb.: ON melta 'to malt 
for brewing', MLG melten id., MHG 
malzen id. Derived from *maltan. Vries 
ANEW 383. 

*maltjanan II wk.vb.: ON melta 'to melt', 
OE miltan id. Goth ga-malteins 'melting 
away, dissolution' is derived from here. 
Causative of *meltanan. Structurally iden- 
tical with Slav *molditi 'to become young, 
to make young'. Torp-Falk 317; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 221; Feist 191-192; Vries 
ANEW 383; Seebold 351; Trubachev 
ESSJa XLX 164-166. 

*malbjó sb.f.: OE meld 'declaration, 
proclamation', OS maldia 'testimony, 
accusation', OHG melda id. Despite the 
phonetic differences, close to Lith maldá 
'plea'. Further related to Hitt mald- 'to 
vow', Arm malfem 'to ask, to requesť, 
Lith melsti 'to ask, to bid', Slav *modliti 'to 
pray'. Meillet MSL X 227; Torp-Falk 
317; Pokorný I 722; Fraenkel 431-434; 
Tischler HEG II 109-110; Kluge- 
Seebold 551—552. 

*mal5n ~ *maluz sb.m./f: Goth málo 
'moth', ON mqlr id., OE mal-sceaja 
'canker'. Close to Slav *molb 'moth' 
(Meillet MSL XIV 373). For further 
connections see *malanan. Torp-Falk 
314; Holthausen AEE]V 211; Feist 
343; Pokorný I 717; Stang LS 37; 
Vries ANEW 401; Zalizniak II 203; Leh- 
mann GED 243; Bammesberger Nom. 
177; Trubachev ESSJa XLX 203-205; 
Fvluge-Seebold 558. 

*malwjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-malwjan 'to 
crush, to grind', ON moha to shiver, to 
break'. Related to *melwan. Identical with 
Toch A maljiw-, B mely- 'to crush, to 
grind' < *molui- (Meillet JA XVIII 461). 



malwjanan 



259 



maii3ojanan 



Torp-Falk 314; Lané Language XIV 31; 
Feist 192; Vries AMEW 383; Lehmann 
GED 144; Adams TB 470; Burlak IFTJa 
251. 

*mana str.vb.: Goth man 'to reckon, to 
think', ON man 'to remember', mim 
'to become, shall, will' (aux.), OE man 'to 
remember, to be mindful of ', OS far-man 
'to despise'. Continues IE *men-\ Skt 
mányate 'to think', Av mainyete id., Gk 
HÉ|iovo 'to think intensively', Lat meminl 
'to think of, to remember', Lith menu, 
miňti 'to remember', Slav *mbnjq, *mbnéti 
'to mean, to think'. Bartholomae 1121— 
1124; Torp-Falk 307; Meillet MSL 
XIII 364-366; Walde-Hofmann II 
65—66; Feist 366-367; Holthausen 
AEEW 227; Jóhannesson IEW 664-665; 
Mayrhofer II 583-584; Pokorný I 
726-728; Fraenkel 455-456; Vries 
AMEW 395; Frisk II 206-207; Onions 
577; Seebold 345—347; Lehmann GED 
260; Keuge-Seebold 533. 

*mana3a-falďaz adj.: Goth manag-falps 
'manifolď, OE maníyjeald id., OFris 
manich-fald id., OS manag-fald id., OHG 
manag-falt 'frequent, multiple'. Compound 
of *manajaz and *faldaz. Feist 343; 
Soardigli Goten 223 (WGmc forms 
influenced by Gothic); Carr Mom. comp. 
66; Lehmann GED 243. 

*mana3az pron.: Goth manags 'sufíicient, 
large, many', latě ON mangr 'many, 
much', OE manÍ3 id., OFris manich, monich 
id., OS manag id., OHG manag id. 
Related to Olr menic(c) 'frequent, abun- 
danť, Slav *ntbnogb 'many; abundanť 
(Bugge KZ XLX 444) with variations 
in phonetic details. Fiok I 104, 508 
(to *megh- 'large' with a nasál infix) 
Brugmann Grundúfi II 971 (follows Fick) 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 159; Torp-Falk 309 
Trautmann BSJ V 189; Schulze Kl. Schr. 
74-lb; Holthausen AEEW 214; Feist 
343-344; Pokorný 1712; Vries AMEW 
378; Onions 554; Stang LS 39; Lehmann 
GED 243; Trubachev ESSJa XX 
229-231; Kluge-Seebold 536. 

*mana3in sb.f.: Goth managei 'people, 



crowď, ON mengi 'multitude' (neut. < 
*mana2jjan), OE ?neniju id., OFris menie id., 
OS menigi id., OHG managí, menigi 
id. Derived from *mana$az. Holthausen 
AEEU 7 219; Feist 343; Vries AME1 V 384; 
Lehmann GED 243; Kluge-Seebold 553. 

*manan sb.n.: Goth ga-man 'fellow, fellow- 
ship, KOivcovía', ON man 'bondman'. 
Derived from *mannz with the originál 
meaning preserved in Gothic. Wad- 
stein /FV 8 (< *3a-amanan, to Lat amo 'to 
love'); Wiedemann BB XXVII 202 (to Gk 
0vj|j.Ói; 'soul, spirit', Lat fúmus 'smoke'); 
Rooth TKortíí. 42 (to *3amalai); Torp- 
Falk 119; Holthausen AEEW 123; 
Schulze Kl. Schr. 851-853; Feist 192; 
Fowkes JEGP XLLV 208-228; Pokorný 
I 490 (to IE *ghemb-)\ Vries AMEW 154; 
Zalizniak I 140; Onions 388. 

*mandjó sb.f: MHG menz 'infertile cow'. 
Close to Alb miz ~ maz 'foal' < PAlb 
*mandja, Mír menn 'young of animals' 
< *mendo-, Lat-Celt mannus 'small Gaulish 
horše'. Cf also Messap Iuppiter Menzana 
(Stier R'Z XI 148) < *mendhi-. Torp- 
Falk 570; Krahe Glotta XIX 149; 
Walde-Hofmann II 29-30; Pokorný I 
729; Orel AED 265. 

*mandulaz sb.m.: ON mqndull 'handle (of 
a hand-mill)', G dial. mandel 'roller, 
rolling-pin'. Probably derived from 
*mandjó. Torp-Falk 309 (to Slav *met<i 
'to mix, to sway', Lith mentúré 'twirling 
stick'); Pokorný I 732; Vries ANEW 401; 
Lerchner 197. 

*maněnan wk.vb.: OE manian 'to remind, 
to admonish, to exhorť, OFris monia 'to 
warn, to advise, to remember', OS manon 
id., OHG fir-maněn, Jir-manon 'to neglecť. 
Related to *mana. Structurally close to 
Lat moneo 'to remind, to advise'. Torp- 
Falk 308; Holthausen AEEW 214; 
Walde-Hofmann II 107; Lehmann GED 
261. 

*man3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON manga 'to 
barter, to chaffer', OE manjian 'to traffic, 
to trade', OS mangan id. Based on Lat 
mango 'dealer, trader'. Holthausen 
AEE]V2U; Onions 586. 



manjan 



260 



manwuz 



*manjan sb.n.: ON men 'necklace', OE 
mene id. (mase), OS meni id., OHG menni 
id. Identical wiuh Skt mánya 'napě of the 
neck', and further related to Lat monile 
'necklace, collar', Olr muin-torc 'necklace'. 
Torp-Falk 308-309; Holthausen AEEW 
219; Walde-Hofmann II 108; Mayr- 
hofer II 584-585, Gedenkschr. Giintert 
289-291; Porzig Gliederung 113; Pokorný 

I 747-748; Vries AMEW 384; Zalizniak 

II 213; Kluge-Seebold 533. 
*mankon sb.m.: ON makki 'upper part of 

horse's neck'. Related to Olr mong 'hair, 
mane'. See *manjan. Torp-Falk 309; 
Vries AMEW 376 (further to *mano); 
Onions 551. 

*mann-auljan sb.n.: Goth man-auli 
'human image, human figuře', ON mann- 
celi 'mannekin, human shape'. Compound 
of *mannz and *auljan (see *aulaz). Carr 
Mom. comp. 67. 

*mann-faró sb.f: ON mann-fqr 'travelling', 
OE mann-faru 'expedition, a moving band 
of men'. Compound of *mannz and *faro. 
Carr Mom. comp. 82 (parallel formations). 

*mann-kunjan sb.n.: ON mann-kyn 
'mankinď, OE mann-cynn id., OS man- 
kunni id., OHG man-kunni id. Compound 
of *mannz and *kunjan. Ranktn JEGP 
VIII 357—359 (calque of Lat genus 
humanum); Carr Mom. comp. 50. 

*mann-lausaz adj.: ON mann-lauss 'with- 
out men, without a husbanď, OE mann- 
leás 'uninhabiteď, MLG man-lós 'without 
men'. Compound of *mannz and Hausaz. 
Carr Mom. comp. 90 (parallel formations). 

*mann-lík6n sb.m.: Goth man-leika 
'image, likeness', ON mann-líkan 'human 
image, idol' (neut.), OE mann-líca 'human 
form, image of a man, statue', OHG 
mana-líhho 'statue, image'. Compound of 
*mannz and Hikon. Carr Mom. comp. 43 
(secondary formation in ON); Feist 344; 
Lehmann GED 230, 244. 

*manniskaz adj.: Goth mannisks 'human', 
ON mennskr id., OE mennisc id., OFris 
sbst. manniska 'man', OS mannisc, mennisc 
'human', OHG mennisc id. Derived from 
*mannz. Torp-Falk 308; Holthausen 



AEEW 219; Feist 345; Porzig Gliederung 
201; Pokorný I 700; Szemerényi IBK 
XV 193 (close to Lat masculus 'male, 
masculine' < *manu-sk-elos); Vries AME]V 
384; Lehmann GED 244; Kluge-Seebold 
553. 

*mann5janan wk.vb.: ON manna 'to man 
(a boat)', OE mannian 'to supply with 
men', MHG mannen 'to make smb. a 
man'. Derived from *mannz. Vries 
AMEW 318. 

*mannz sb.m.: Goth manna 'man' (some 
forms continue *mannon), ON madr, mannr 
id., OE mann id., OFris mann, monn id., 
OS man id., OHG man id. Cf also 
Mannus, ancestor of Germans (Tacit.). 
Related to Skt manu-, mánus- id., Av 
manuš- (in prop.), Slav *mqžb id. 
(< *mongio-). Bopp Glossarium 286 (to 
*men- 'to drink'); Sohweizer KZ I 158; 
Berneker IF LX 360-361 (to Lat homo 
'man'); Brugmann IF XXXVII 250; 
Niedermann lig. Anz. XXLX 35 (to Lat 
manus 'hand'); Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 
301 (against Niedermann); Berneker IF 
LX 360—361 (to Lat homo 'man'); Bar- 
tholomae 1135; Torp-Falk 307-308; 
Holthausen AEEW 215; Feist 344-345; 
Vaillant RES XVIII 75 (pre-Slav *-ng- 
< *-nu-); Schulze Kl. Schr. 851-853; 
Martinet Gem. 64, 69; Mayrhofer II 
575-576; Pokorný I 700; Vries ANEW 
374-375; Zalizniak I 157; Onions 
549-550; Lehmann GED 244; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 201; Trubachev ESSJa XX 
158-161; Kluge-Seebold 538. 

*manó sb.f: ON mqn 'mane', OE monu id., 
OFris mana, mona id., MLG man id., 
OHG man, mana id. Connected with 
*manjan. Torp-Falk 308; Holthausen 
AEEW 215; Pokorný I 748; Vries 
AMEW 401; Zalizniak I 147; Onions 
551; Kluge-Seebold 533. 

*manwuz adj.: Goth manwus 'ready, at 
hand'. Derived from *manu- 'hand' re- 
flected in Lat manus (Uhlenbeck PBB 
XXX 301). Grienberger Got. 155-156 
(to *muněncm); Wood MP XI 32 (to Gk 
návvr iriKpóv, Hes.); Torp-Falk 310; 



manwuz 



261 



marm 



Studerus IF XLVIII 72 (from *manxwuz, 
to Lith minkyti 'to kneaď); Walde- 
Hofmann II 34-35; Feist 345-346; 
Pokorný I 740; Lehmann GED 244-245; 
Heidermanns 403-404 (reconstructs 
*manwes-, to IE *men- 'to think'). 

*marčtuz ~ *marpuz sb.m.: Goth *mar- 
pus 'marten' (as attested in Spán marta), 
Crim. Goth. marzus 'marriage, wedding', 
ON mqrir 'marten', OE mearů id., OFris 
merth id., MHG mart id. Related to Lith 
marti 'bride' (Solmsen KZ XXXV 
481—482). For the semantic development 
'bride' > 'marten' cf. Ital domiola 'marten' 
~ donna 'woman', NGk v\)|i<píxa 'marder'. 
Tomaschek Taurien 62 (Goth marzus < 
*marp-kus, with *marp- to Lith marti 
'bride, young woman' and *-kus to Gmc 
*keusari); Grienberger ~jlPh XXX 125 
(Goth marzus < *marwipos, to MHG mer- 
wen 'to hold'); Much Iclg. Anz. IX 198 
(Goth marzus < *marphus 'bride house', to 
Lith marti 'bride, young woman'); Torp- 
Falk 3 1 3; Holthausen AEE] V 2 1 7; Feist 
348; Pokorný I 739; Fraenkel 412; 
Vries ANEW 401 (to *murpan I); 
Scardigli Goten 260 (Goth marzus < Lat 
Martius 'March', month of weddings); 
Stearns CG 146; Lehmann GED 
246-247; Kluge-Seebold 540. 

*marxa-skalkaz sb.m.: Godr *marh-skalks 
'horse-groom' (reconstructed from Oltal 
mariscalco), MLG mar-schalk id., OHG 
marah-scalc id. Compound of *marxaz and 
*skalkaz. Gamillscheg RG 12, 66; Carr 
Nom. comp. 44. 

*marxaz sb.m.: Burg *marh 'horše', ON 
marr 'steeď, OE mearh id., OHG marah- 
stal 'stable'. Borrowed from Celtic, cf. 
Gaul acc. sg. náprav (Paus.), Olr man, 
W march (Mansion Rev. Instr. Belg. LVI 
196). Zupitza Gutt. 209; Ipsen IF XIJV 
347 (an old Wanderwort); Torp-Falk 313; 
Holthausen AEEW 2 17; Pokorný I 700; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 97; Vries ANEW 
380; Zalizniak I 134; Onions 555; 
Kobler 712; Trubachev Etim. 1988- 
1990 18 (Gmc and Celt cognates to Skt 
márya- 'stallion'); Kluge-Seebold 533. 



*marxj5n sb.f: ON merr 'maře' (pardy 
from *marxiz), OE mere, myre id., OFris 
merrie id., OS meria id., OHG meriha, merha 
id. Derived from *marxaz. Torp-Falk 
313; Vries ANEW 385; Zalizniak II 180; 
Onions 555; Kluge-Seebold 533. 

*marxuz sb.m.: ON mqrr 'sueť. Cf. NFris 
marig 'tallow'. Close to Lith marka 'steep- 
ing (of flax)', Latv marks 'moisture', Slav 
*morky 'morass'. Further related to Lat 
marceo 'to wither, to droop', Lith merkiú, 
mefkti 'to soak (flax)', mirkstu, mifkti 'to 
lie in water'. Torp-Falk 313 (to Gk 
|ií|iapKVi; 'hare-soup, jugged hare', Skt 
marcáyati 'to injure, to hurť); Walde- 
Hofmann II 36-37; Pokorný I 739-740; 
Vries ANEW 402. 

*mariskaz sb.m.: OE mersc 'marsh', OS 
mersc id., MLG mersch id. Archaic deriva- 
tive connected with *mariz and identical 
with Slav adj. *morbskr> 'related to sea' 
(Trubachev ESSJa Prob. 62). Holt- 
hausen AEEW 220; Pokorný I 748; 
Onions 557. 

*mari-swínan sb.n.: ON mar-svín 'a kind 
of whale', OE mere-swín 'porpoise, dol- 
phin', OS meri-swin 'dolphin', OHG meri- 
swín id. Compound of *mariz and *swlnan. 
Carr Nom. comp. 51. 

*mariz sb.m.: Goth mari-saiws 'lake, sea', 
ON marr id., OE mere 'sea, lake, pool' 
(mase, fem.?), OFris mar 'pool, ditch', 
OHG meri 'sea, lake' (neut., mase). 
Identical with Lat maře id., Olr muir id., 
and also related to Lith pl. mdres 'sea, 
bay', OPrus máry 'bay', Slav *mor'e 'sea' 
(Curtius A"^ I 33-34). Schmidt Plur. 
45-47; Meillet BSL XXVI/3 131; 
Hoops PBB XXIII 568-569; Torp-Falk 
312; Trautmann BS]V 169; Holthausen 
AEEW 220; Walde-Hofmann II 38-39; 
Feist 347; Schulze Kl. Schr. 117-119; 
Pokorný I 748; Chemodanov SSGJa I 
54; Thieme KZ LXXVIII 240-241; 
Fraenkel 409-410; Vries ANEW 379- 
380; Zalizniak II 197; Onions 570; 
Lehmann GED 245; Trubachev ESSJa 
XLX 227-230; Kluge-Seebold 549. 

*marín sb.f: Goth marei 'sea, lake', OS 



marni 



262 



maskwo(n) 



men id., OHG man, meri id. Mor- 
phological variant of *mariz (Sievers PBB 
V 107). Torp-Falk 312; Feist 346; 
Pokorný I 748; Zalizniak II 197; 
Lehmann GED 245; Rluge-Seebold 549. 

*marka-landan sb.n.: ON mark-land 
'forest lanď, OE mearc-land 'borderlanď. 
Compound of *markan and HanSan. 
Carr j\'om. comp. 55. 

*markan sb.n.: ON mark 'mark, land- 
mark', OFris merke id., MLG mark id., 
OHG man id. (fem.). Related to Av 
marsza- 'boundary', Lat margo 'edge, bor- 
der', Olr mruig 'districť < *mrogi-. 
Zupitza Gutt. 1 64; Uhlenbeck PBB 
XXX 301; Bartholomae 1153; Torp- 
Faek 312-313; Holthausen AEEW 217 
Walde-Hofmann II 39-40; Feist 347 
Pokorný I 738; Vries ANEW 379 
Zalizniak II 175; Onions 556; Van 
Windekens I 290 (adds Toch A márkam- 
in mdrkam-pal = Skt dharma-); Lehmann 
GED 246; Griepentrog IVurzelnomina 
443; Kluge-Seebold 540-541. 

*markjan sb.n.: ON merki 'mark, land- 
mark, banner', OE ^e-mierce 'sign, mark', 
OS gi-merki id., OHG gi-marki 'boundary'. 
Derived from *markan. Zupitza Gutt. 
164; Holthausen AEEW 221; Vries 
ANEW 385. 

*markjan ~ *markjaz sb.n./m.: ON 
merki 'celery', OE merece 'marche (planí)', 
OS merca 'celery', OHG merc id. A bor- 
rowing from NCauc mtrqwá 'rooť, cf. 
*murxon. Holthausen AEEW 220; 
Pokorný I 748 (to *mariz); Vries ANEW 
385 (to *marxaz); Nikolaev-Starostfn 
NCED 827. 

*markjanan wk.vb.: ON rnerkja 'to mark, 
to draw', OHG merken 'to defme, to des- 
ignate'. Derived from *markan. Torp- 
Falk 313; Holthausen AEEW 217; 
Vries ANEW 385; Kxuge-Seebold 554. 

*markó sb.f: Goth marka 'region, border', 
ON mqrk 'foresť (i-stem and root stem), 
OE mearc 'limit, term, boundary, sign', 
OFris merke 'boundary', OS marka 
'boundary, districť, OHG mana 'bound- 
ary'. From here — *marko 'mark, half- 



pound of silver'. See *markan. Zupitza 
Gutt. 197; Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 301 (on 
semantic development); Torp-Falk 312 
Holthausen AEEW 217; Feist 347 
Pokorný I 738; Vries ANEW 401 
Zalizniak II 209; Onions 556; Lehmann 
GED 246; Kluge-Seebold 540-541. 

*markójanan wk.vb.: ON marka 'to mark, 
to sign, to fix', OE mearcian 'to mark, to 
make a mark', OFris merkia 'to mark', OS 
gi-markon id., OHG marcon 'to define, to 
delimiť. Derived from *markan. Torp- 
Falk 313; Holthausen AEE]V 217; 
Vries ANEW 379; Onions 556. 

*marón sb.f: ON mara 'nightmare, 
ogress', OE maře 'nightmare', MLG maře 
id., OHG mara id. Related to Slav *mora 
id. (Berneker II 76-77). Torp-Falk 
310-311; Holthausen AEEW 215; 
Pokorný I 736; Chemodanov SGGJa 
I 67; Vries ANEW 379; Onions 610; 
Trubachev ESSJa XK 211-214; Kxuge- 
Seebold 533. 

*marwaz ~ *merwaz adj.: ODan mier 
'mellow', OE mearu 'tender, soft, delicate', 
OHG maro 'ripe, tender, mellow'. Rela- 
ted to Olr meirb 'soft' < *merui-. Torp- 
Falk 311; Pokorný I 736. 

*marzjanan wk.vb.: Goth marzjan 'to 
anger, to offenď, ON merja 'to bruise, to 
crush', OE mierran 'to hinder, to obstruct, 
to waste', OS merrian 'to hinder', OHG 
merren 'to hinder'. Causative of unattested 
*merzanan related to Toch AB mars- 'to 
forgeť, Skt mfsyati 'to forgeť, Lith miřšti 
id. (Wood MLNXXI 40). Grienberger 
Got. 156 (to Lat mora 'delay'); Torp-Falk 
310, 313; Holthatjsen AEEW 222; Feist 
347-348 (to Slav *mbrzj>tt> 'disgusting'); 
Pokorný I 737-738 (to IE *mer-s- 'to 
disturb, to irritate'); Vries ANEW 385; 
Fraenkel 456—457; Onions 554; Leh- 
mann GED 246; Adams TB 455-456. 

*maskw5(n) sb.m./f: ON mqskvi 'mesh', 
OE neut. mase, max 'mesh, neť, OS maska 
'loop, noose', OHG masca id. Identical 
with Lith indzgas 'knot', mezgú, mégzti 'to 
knit, to tie' (Zubatý AfslPh XV 479). Cf. 
also Slav *mozg-arb 'spider' (Trubachev 



maskwo(n) 



263 



mahljanan 



Slav. jaz. V 173). Torp-Falk 318; 
Walde KZ XXXIV 514; Trautmann 
BSW 172; Holthausen AEEW 215; 
Pokorný I 746; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
71; Vries ANEW 402; Zalizniak II 219; 
Stang LS 35; Kluge-Seebold 543. 

*mastaz I sb.m.: OE miest 'mast, a pole to 
support a saiT, MLG mast id., OHG mast 
id. Identical with Lat málus id. < *mazdo-, 
further cf. Olr matan 'club'. Torp-Falk 
318; Holthausen AEEW 212; Schrijnen 
KZ XLVI 377 (Lat < Sabin); Walde- 
Hofmann II 19; Pokorný I 701; Onions 
560. 

*mastaz II sb.m.: OE mest 'mast, fruit of 
forest-trees', OHG mast 'mast, feed, fod- 
der'. Identical with Gk nai^óc;, naaTÓi; 
'breasť, Skt médas- 'lať (Schrader KZ X 
476). Further see *matjanan. Bradke KZ 
XXVIII 295; Torp-Falk 318; Holt- 
hausen AEE1\' 212; Pokorný I 694; 
Frisk II 183; Onions 560 (to *matiz); 
Kluge-Seebold 544. 

*masuraz sb.m.: ON mosurr 'maple-tree', 
OS masur 'knobbed outgrowth on trees', 
OHG masar id. Of unknown origin. 
Torp-Falk 318; Kluge-Seebold 543. 

*mati-foal3Íz sb.m.: Goth mati-balgs 'food- 
bag, 7iT|pa', OE mete-bal^ 'bag for food, 
walleť (hap. leg.). Compound of *matiz 
and *bal^iz. Carr Nom. comp. 45. 

*mati-lausaz adj.: ON mat-lauss 'without 
fooď, OE mete-leás id. Cf. also a nominal 
derivative in OS metilosi. Compound of 
*matiz and *lausaz. Carr Nom. comp. 60. 

*matiz sb.m.: Goth mats 'fooď, ON matr 
'meat, fooď (traces of ň-stem in pl.), OE 
mete 'fooď, OFris mete id., OS mat, metl 
id., OHG maz id. (neut.). Related to Skt 
mádati 'to boil, to bubble', Av maSaite 'to 
get drunk', Gk na8áto 'to be moisť, Lat 
madeo 'to be weť, Olr maidim 'to break' 
(Grienberger Got. 156-157). Originally, 
*matiz stood for 'soft fooď as opposed to 
'hard fooď like in Hamito-Semitic lan- 
guages. Thurneysen IFXIV 132 (samé 
as Grienberger); Meringer IF XI 2 1 1 
(to *metan); Karstien Festschr. Behaghel 
289-295; Bartholomae 1113; Torp- 



Falk 305; Holthausen AEEW 220 
Walde-Hofmann II 6-8; Feist 348-349 
Mayrhofer II 568; Pokorný I 695 
Zalizniak II 188; Vries ANEW 380 
Frisk II 157-158; Onions 565; Burrow 
BSOAS XLIV 85-104 (reconstructs IE 
*mad- 'common meal'); Lehmann GED 
247; Bammesberger Nom. 135; Kluge- 
Seebold 554. 

*matjanan wk.vb.: Goth matjati 'to eat, to 
feeď, ON metja 'to lap (of dogs)', OE met- 
ian 'to supply with fooď. Derived from 
*matiz. Torp-Falk 305; Holthausen 
AEEW 220; Feist 348; Pokorný I 695; 
Vries ANEW 386; Lehmann GED 247. 

*ma]}lan sb.n.: Goth ?napl 'assembly, 
market-place', ON mál 'speech, suit, 
čase', OE rmeSel 'assembly, counc.il, speech', 
OS mahal 'law-court, assembly', mathal 
id., OHG mahal 'law-court'. Derivative in 
*-pla- < *-tlo- of *metanan (Wiedemann IF 
I 512: to *motjanari). Cf. Toch B moliye 
'dispute' (Hilmarsson apud Adams TB 
476). Meringer IF XVIII 211-215; 
Meyer Goth. 203 (to Skt mántra- 'speech, 
sacred text, song of praise'); Bezzen- 
berger BB IX 134 (to Gk iiexaXWxv 'to 
investigate, to ask'); Lidén FBB XV 513 
(to Lat macula 'stain, fleck'); Pedersen 
KZ XXXLX 411 (to Arm matčini 'to 
approach'); Torp-Falk 306; Holthausen 
AEEW 213; Feist 349-350; Pokorný I 
705, 746; Zalizniak II 227; Vries ANEW 
376; Onions 546; Szemerényi IBK XV 
207—211 (close to Lith maldá 'prayer', 
maldýti 'to pray', Slav *modliti id.); Soar- 
digli Goten 32; Klingenschmitt Verbum 
71 (follows Wiedemann); Lehmann GED 
247-248; Bammesberger Nom. 89 (recon- 
structs *na-tlo- or *mod-tlo-)\ Hilmarsson 
Festschr. Rix 213; Kluge-Seebold 311. 

*maj5ljanan wk.vb.: Goth mafrljan 'to 
speak', ON malá id., OE miedlan id., 
OFris mělia id., OS mahalian id., OHG 
mahalen 'to reach an agreemenť. Derived 
from *maplan. Torp-Falk 306; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 216; Feist 350; Pokorný 
I 746-747; Vries ANEW 399; Szeme- 
rényi IBK XV 207-211 (close to Lith 



maj)ljanan 



264 



med(a)lan 



maldýti 'to pray', Slav *modliti id.); 
Martynov Jazyk 2 1 — 22 (from Slav Mod- 
liti 'to pray'). 

*maplo(n) sb.f.: ON mála 'female acquain- 
tance', OHG gi-mahala 'wife'. Derived 
from *maplan. Vries ANE\ V 377. 

*mapón sb.m.: Goth mapa 'worm', OE 
maoa 'maggot, worm', OS matho id., 
OHG mado id. A diminutive in ON maokr 
'maggot, worm'. Of unknown origin. 
Persson Ger. 14, Wwzelerw. 34 (to Lat 
mando 'to chew'); Charpentier KZ XLVI 
43—44 (to Skt matkuna- 'bug'); Torp-Falk 
306; Holthausen AEEIK 216; Feist 349; 
Pokorný I 700 (to Arm maťil 'louse'); 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 110; Zalizniak I 
154; Onions 545; Illich-Svitych Opyt II 
77 (against Pokorný: Arm maťil is from 
Kartvelian, cf. Georgian maťil 'worm'; 
compares *mapon with Slav *motylb 
'butterfly'); Lehmann GED 247; Kluge- 
Seebold 531 (to Slav *motylb 'butterfly'). 

*mau<tjanan wk.vb.: Goth maudjan 'to 
reminď. Close to Lith maudžiú, maústi 'to 
desire, to long for' and structurally iden- 
tical with Slav *muditi 'to procrastinate'. 
Further to Gk |ií>9o<; 'speech', Slav *mysh> 
'thoughť. Schmidt Voc. I 178 (to Olr 
smuainim 'to think'); Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 
113 (adds Lat muttio 'to mutter, to mum- 
ble'); Trautmann BSW 171-172; Feist 
350; Pokorný I 743; Fraenkel 420; 
Frisk II 264-265. 

*mauraz sb.m.: ON maurr 'anť. Witlr a 
metathesis, from an earlier *marwaz re- 
lated to Av maoiri- id., Olr moirb id., Slav 
*mowb ~ *morub id. Forstemann KZ III 
50; van Wijk IF XXXIII 367; Torp- 
Falk 302-303; Pokorný I 749; Vries 
ANEW 380; Lerchner 202; Lehmann 
GED 253-254; Trubachev ESSJa XLX 
246-247. 

*maz3Íz sb.m.: ON mergr 'marrow', OE 
mearh id. (mase, neut.), OFris merg, merch 
id. (mase, neut.), OS marg id. (neut.), 
OHG marg id. (neut.). Related to Toch A 
máššunt id., Skt majján- id., Av mazga- 
'marrow, brain', Lith smagenés 'brain, 
marrow', Latv smadzenes id., OPrus 



musgeno 'marrow', Slav *mozgb 'brain, 
marrow' (Walde KZ XXXIV 511-512). 
ZuprrzA Gutt. 179; Bartholomae 1159; 
Torp-Falk Wortschatz 318; Trautmann 
BSW 172; Holthausen AEEW 217; 
Porzig 211; Mayrhofer II 549-550; 
Pokorný I 750; Fraenkel 837; Vries 
ANEW 385; Zalizniak II 188; Onions 
557; Bammesberger Nom. 50; Trubachev 
ESSJa XX 94-97; Kluge-Seebold 541. 

*medjana-3ardaz sb.m.: Goth midjun- 
gards 'inhabited worlď (influenced by 
miduma, see *medum(j)az), OE middan-yard 
'earťh, worlď, OS middil-gard id. (with 
a dissimilation). Cf. also ON mid-gardr 
'earťh'. Compound of *medjón (wk. form 
of *meďjaz) and *3ardaz. Grienberg Got. 
160 (reconstructs the first part as 
*medj5naž); Torp-Falk 307; Holthausen 
AEEW 221; Feist 357; Carr Mom. comp. 
57; Lehmann GED 253. 

*medjaz adj.: Goth midjis 'middle', ON 
mior id., OE midd id., OFris midde id., OS 
middi id., OHG míttí id. Identical with Skt 
mádhya- id., Av maiSya- id., Gk |iécro<;, 
liíaaoc, id., Arm mej 'middle' (noun), Lat 
medius 'what is in the middle, intermedi- 
ary', Gaul medio- (in prop.), Olr mide 
'middle', Lith rríědis 'wood, tree', Slav 
*medja 'boundary'. Bartholomae 1 1 1 5- 
1116; Torp-Falk 307; Bugge PBB XXI 
428; Trautmann BSJi* 173; Holthausen 
AEEW 221; Walde-Hofmann II 57-58; 
Feist 356; Mayrhofer II 572; Pokorný 
I 706-707; Fraenkel 423-425; Vries 
ANEW 386; Frisk II 214-215; Onions 
575; Lehmann GED 253; Trubachev 
ESSJa XVIII 45-46; Kluge-Seebold 
563. 

*medjón sb.f: ON miSja 'middle', OE 
midde id., OS middia id., MHG mitte id. 
Derived from *meďjaz. Structurally close 
to Slav *medja 'boundary'. Holthausen 
AEEW 221; Vries ANEW 386; Truba- 
chev ESSJa XVIII 45-46; Kluge- 
Seebold 563. 

*med(a)lan ~ *medilan adj.: ON adv. 
medal, mibil 'among, between', OE middel 
'middle', OFris middel id., OS middil id., 



mect(a)lan 



265 



mekuz 



OHG mittil-tag noon. Related to 
May be structurally close to Lat medulla 
'marrow, pith'. Torp-Falk 307; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 221; Walde-Hofmann 
II 58-59; Vries ANEW 381; Kluge- 
Seebold 563. 

*medlójanan wk.vb.: ON miSla 'to 
share', OE midlian 'to mediate', MLG 
middelen 'to distribute', MHG mitteln id. 
Derived from *med(a)lan ~ *medilan. 
Holthausen AEEW 221; Vries AMEW 
386. 

*medum(j)az adj.: OE medume 'middling, 
moderate, common', OFrís superi. adj. 
medemest 'middle', OHG metamo 'me- 
diocre'. Superiative identical wih Skt 
madhyamá- 'middle', Av maSsma- id. 
Bartholomae 1114-1115; Torp-Falk 
307; Holthausen AEEW 218; Feist 357; 
Szemerényi PBB LXXXII 1-30 {-uma as 
dative or intensive); Trautmann Adj. 
44-45; Mayrhofer II 572; Pokorný I 
706-707; Vries ANEW 390; Lehmann 
GED 253; Bammesberger Nom. 233. 

*medumó sb.f.: Goth miduma 'middle', 
ON mjqdm 'hip', OE medema 'step (of a 
loom)' (mase). Derived from *medum(j)az. 
Torp-Falk 307; Holthausen AEElf 
218; Feist 357; Pokorný I 706-707; 
Vries ANE]V 390; Lehmann GED 253; 
Bammesberger Nom. 233. 

*medu-rannan sb.n.: ON mjqdrann 
'drinking-hall', OE medu-ern 'banqueting- 
house'. Compound of *meduz and *rannan 
(derived from *rennanari). Carr Nom. 
comp. 55. 

*medu-wurtiz sb.f: Icel mjaS-urt 'meadow- 
sweeť, OE medu-wyrt id., MLG mede- 
wurt id., OHG metu-wurz id. Compound 
of *meduz and *wurtiz. Carr Nom. comp. 
50. 

*meduz sb.m.: ON mjqdr 'meaď, OE 
meodu, medu id. (mase., neut.), OFris mede 
id., MLG mede id., OHG metu id. Related 
to Toch B mít 'honey', Skt mádhu- 'honey, 
meaď, Av mahu- 'berry wine', Gk [léQv 
'wine', Olr mid 'meaď, Lith medus 
'honey', Slav *meetb id. Bartholomae 
1114; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 37; Torp-Falk 



306; Schrader-Nehring I 139; Traut- 
mann BS1 V 1 73; Holthausen AEE] 1 7 2 1 8 
Mayrhofer II 570-571; Pokorný I 707 
Fraenkel 425; Vries ANEW 390 
Zalizniak I 152; Frisk II 191-192 
Onions 564; Bammesberger Nom. 157 
Trubaghev ESSJa XVIII 68-72; Kluge- 
Seebold 555; Adams TB 461; Burlak 
IFTJa 252. 
*mekila-líkaz adj.: ON mikil-ligr 'granď, 
OE micel-líc 'great, granď, OHG mihhil- 
lih id. Derived from *mekilaz. Heider- 

MANNS 405. 

*mekilaz adj.: Goth mikils 'large, many', 
ON mikitt, mykill 'large, big', OE micel 
'greať, OS mikil id., OHG mihhil id. See 
*mekuz. Structurally close to Gk iieyá^-o- 
'greať, with an augmentative (Schulze 
Kl. Schr. 75—77) or a diminutive suffix 
(Sieberer Sprache II 113—114). Forster- 
man K£ I 16; Schweizer K~l I 559; 
Zupitza Gutt. 198; Torp-Falk 303; 
Thurneysen K£ XLVIII 6 1 (suffix under 
the influence of Hltilaz ~ Hútilaz ~ *lutti- 
laz); Schulze Kl. Schr. 75-79; Feist 
358-359; Holthausen AEEW 221 
Pokorný I 708; Vries ANEW 386-387 
Frisk II 189-191; Onions 574, 594: 
Benediktsson ANF XCIII 48-62; Leh- 
mann GED 254-255; Heidermanns 405- 
406. 

*mekilin sb.f: Goth mikilei 'immensity, 
largeness', OS mikill id., OHG mihhili 
'largeness, greatness'. Derived from 
*mekilaz. Feist 358; Lehmann GED 254; 
Heidermanns 405. 

*mekiljanan wk.vb.: Goth mikiljan 'to 
make great, to praise', OS mikilan id. 
Derived from *mekilaz. Feist 358; 
Porzig Gliederung 157; Heidermanns 405. 

*mekilojanan wk.vb.: ON mikla 'to make 
great, to magnify', OE miclian 'to become 
great, to inerease', OLG ge-mikilon 'to 
praise', OHG mihhilon id. Derived from 
*mekilaz. Lehmann GED 254; Heider- 
manns 405. 

*mekuz adj.: ON mjqk 'much'. Related to 
Hitt mekki- 'much, many', Toch A mak, B 
maka 'many, much', Skt mahánt- 'great, 



mekuz 



266 



melkanan 



large', Av mazání- id., Gk iiéyac; 'great, 
large', Phryg meká-, Arm mec 'big', Lat 
magnus 'greať, Olr maige 'great, large', 
Alb madh 'big' (Bopp Alb. 489, 491). 
Bartholomae 1157; Torp-Falk 303; 
Walde-Hofmann II 10-12; Schulze Kl. 
Schr. 75 (u-stem under the influence of 
*felu); Pokorný I 708-709; Vries ANEW 
390; Frisk II 189-190; Onions 594; 
Mayrhofer II 609-610; Lehmann GED 
254; Tischler HEG II 181-185; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 263; Orel AED 240, 
Phrygian 444; Adams TB 446-447. 

*melcfib5 sb.f.: Goth mildipa 'compassion, 
sympathy', OHG miltida 'mercy, compas- 
sion'. Derived from *meldjaz. Feist 359; 
Heidermanns 406. 

*melčijaz adj.: Goth friapwa-milds 'loving 
tenderly, aífectionate', ON mildr 'mild, 
gende, graceful', OE mílde 'mild, gentle, 
benign', OFris milde 'benevolenť, OS 
mildi 'munificent, friendly, merciful', 
OHG milti 'merciful, compassionate, 
mild'. Originally, an oxytonic derivative 
in -ti-/*tio- of *malanan. Lindovist 
Festschr. Pipping 361; Karsten NB II 445; 
Weisweiler IF XLI 352-365; Torp- 
Falk 317; Feist 359; Holthausen yfEEir 
222; Pokorný 1719; Vries ANEW 387; 
Onions 576; Rosengren passim; Leh- 
mann GED 255; Heidermanns 406-407; 
Kluge-Seebold 559. 

*meldín sb.f: ON mildi 'grace, mercy', 
MDu un-mildi 'mercilessness', OHG milti 
'grace, mildness' Derived from *meldjaz. 
Vries ANEW 387; Lehmann GED 255; 
Heidermanns 406. 

*melďón sb.f: Norw melde 'small seeď, 
OE melde 'orach (planí)', MLG melde 
'notch-weeď, OHG melda id. Related to 
*malanan. Torp-Falk 317; Vries ANE]V 
383; Kluge-Seebold 551. 

*meldunjaz sb.m.: ON Mjqllnir 'Thor's 
hammer'. Despite the differences in vo- 
calism, close to Slav *nrbldni 'lightning' 
< *mldh-m (Wiedemann BB XXVIII 1 1). 
Further related to OPrus mealde id., Latv 
milná 'the hammer of Perkuns' < *mldhná, 
W mellen 'lightning'. ON myln 'fire' 



< *muldn-j- is identical with Slav *m~bldni. 
Sohmidt Voc. II 131 (to Lat malleus 'ham- 
mer'); Loewenthal ANF XXXVIII 281 
(ON myln to W melyn 'yellow'); Mikkola 
ANF XLX 331; Porzig Gliederung 195; 
Pokorný I 722; Chemodanov SSGJa I 
57; Vries ANEW 390, 397; Goriacheva 
Etim. 1981 66-67; Trubachev ESSJa XX 
220-222. 

*meli-dawwan sb.n.: Svv mjol-dagg 
'mildew', OE mil-déaw, mele-déaw 'honey- 
dew, nectar', OS mili-dou 'mildew', OHG 
mili-tou id. Compound of *meli- (see 
*melip) and *dawwan ~ *dawwo. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 218; Onions 576; 
Lehmann GED 255. 

*meliskaz adj.: OE milisc 'sweet, hon- 
eyeď. Derived from IE *meli- 'honey', see 
*melip. Torp-Falk 315; Holthausen 
AEEW 222; Vries ANEW 387. 

*meliskon sb.f: ON milska 'mead, hon- 
eyed beverage', OHG milsca 'wine mixed 
with honey'. Derived from *meliskaz. 
Torp-Falk 315; Vries ANEh r 387; 
Lehmann GED 255. 

*melib sb.n.: Goth milip 'honey'. Based on 
IE *meli-t id.: Hitt milit, Arm meh, Gk 
liíXi, Alb mjalte, Lat mel, Olr mil. Torp- 
Falk 315; Walde-Hofmann II 61-62 
Feist 359-360; Porzig Gliederung 203 
Pokorný I 723-724; Frisk II 200-201 
Lehmann GED 255-256; Tischler HEG 
II 207-210; Bammesberger Nom. 215; 
Orel AED 268. 

*melkanan str.vb.: OE melcan 'to milk', 
OFris pres. melka id., MDu melken id., 
OHG melcan id. Related to Toch AB 
málk- 'to milk', Gk ánéXyia 'to draw, to 
pull', Lat mulgeo 'to milk', Mír bligim id., 
Alb mjel id., Lith mélžiu, mélžti id., Slav 
*mblzq, *melzti id. Meyer BB VIII 190; 
Zupitza Gutt. 198; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. 
I 43; Torp-Falk 315-316; Meillet 
MSL XVII/1 60-64; Trautmann BSW 
178; Holthausen ^££71' 219; Walde- 
Hofmann II 121; Szemerényi K£ LXXV 
170 (adds Skt mrjáti 'to rub, to wipe'); 
Pokorný I 722-723; Fraenkel 434-435; 
Onions 576; Frisk I 91-92; Seebold 



melkanan 



267 



memzan 



350-351; Lehmann GED 256; Griepen- 
trog I Vurzelnomina 282-304; Trubachev 
ESSJa XVIII 95-96; Kluge-Seebold 
552; Orel AED 270; Burlak IFTJa 
251. 

*melkaz adj.: ON fem. mjólk 'milch, giv- 
ing milk', OE meolc, mele id., MLG melk 
'having a calf, giving milk', OHG mele 
'giving milk'. Derived from *melkanan. 
Karsten MB II 329; Torp-Falk 315- 
316; Holthausen AEE] V 2\9; Jóhannes- 
son IEW 676-677; Vries AMEW 389; 
Onions 575; Seebold 350; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 241; Heidermanns 408; 
Kluge-Seebold 552. 

*melktaz adj.: ON mjaltr 'milch, giving 
milk'. An archaic formation similar to 
Mír mlicht 'milk' < *mlg-tu- and W blith 
id. < *mlg-ti. Further cf. Slav *melztva 
'milking, milk poť based on *melgtu-. 
Pokorný I 723; Trubachev ESSJa 
XVIII 96. 

*melmaz sb.m.: OS melm 'sand, dusť, 
OHG melm 'dusť. An ablaut variant of 
*malmaz ~ *malmon. Closely related to 
Lith melmuo 'kidney stone' < *mel-men- 
(Schmidt Kritik 104) further connected 
with IE *mel(H)- 'to grinď, cf. *malanan. 
Torp-Falk 314; Pokorný 1717; Fraen- 
kel 431; Zalizniak II 178; Seebold 
345; Lehmann GED 243; Kluge- Seebold 
535. 

*meltanan str.vb.: Icel part. moltinn 
'weak', OE meltan 'to melť. Related to 
Skt mrdnati 'to press, to squeeze, to rub', 
Gk |iÉX8o|jai 'to melť (Specht Kž^ LXIV 
66). See *maltaz. Cf. also *smeltanan id. 
Torp-Falk 316-317; Holthausen AEE]V 
218; Jóhannesson IEW 672-675; Mayr- 
hofer II 676-677; Pokorný I 718; 
Vries AMEW 383; Frisk II 199-200; 
Onions 568, 838; Seebold 351; Lehmann 
GED 144. 

*meltjan sb.n.: ON milti 'spleen', OE 
mase, fem. milte id., OFris fem. milte id., 
MLG fem. milte id., OHG milzi id. 
Related to *maltaz (Petersson IF XXIII 
158). For the semantics cf. W lleithen 
'spleen' ~ lleitho 'to make weť. Torp-Falk 



317; Holthausen AEEW 222; Pokorný I 
718; Vries AMEW 387; Zalizniak II 213; 
Onions 577; Kluge-Seebold 560. 

*melukójanan wk.vb.: ON mjólka 'to 
milk', OE meolcian id., OFris melka id., 
MLG melken id. Derived from *melukz. 
Torp-Falk 315; Holthausen AEEW 
219; Vries AMEW 389; Pokorný I 723. 

*melukz sb.f: Goth miluks 'milk', ON 
mjólk id., OE meolc, meoluc, mile id., OFris 
melok id., OS miluk id. (z-stem), OHG 
miluh id. (z-stem), mz/z7z id. (< *melikiz). The 
origin of the second vowel is not clear 
(Hirt hlg. Gr. II 118; Persson Beitrdge 
685). The connection with *melkanan (sup- 
posed in Meillet MSL XVII 60-61) is 
dubious. Meillet MSL XII 219 (to Gk 
-iála 'milk'), XVII 60; Zupitza Gutt. 198; 
Torp-Falk 315; Hirt IF XXI 173 
(< *dehk-); Holthausen AEEW 223; 
Feist 360-361; Porzig Gliederung 132; 
Mayer R'Z LXXIII 235-237; Pokorný I 
722-723; Vries AME]V 389; Zalizniak 
II 209; Onions 576; Szemerényi Scripta 
1125 (crossing of *melk- and *mluk-)\ 
Hamp KZ XCII 30; Lehmann GED 256; 
Bammesberger Mom. 196-197; Kluge- 
Seebold 558-559. 

*melwan sb.n.: ON mJQl 'flour, meal', OE 
melu id., OFris dat. mele id., OS melo id., 
OHG melo id. Identical with Alb miell id. 
and Slav *melvo 'grain to be grounď. 
Further connected with IE *mel- 'to 
grinď, cf. *malanan. Wood MLM XV 
326 (to Skt malvá- 'ťhoughdess, foolish, 
unwise', Gk iičoXuc; 'weak'); Torp-Falk 
314; Trautmann BSW 168; Holthausen 
AEEW 218-219; Porzig Gliederung 211; 
Pokorný I 716-717; Vries AMEW 390; 
Zalizniak I 146; Onions 564; Seebold 
345; Lehmann GED 144; Trubachev 
ESSJa XVIII 92-93; Bammesberger Mom. 
69; Trubachev ESSJa XVIII 92-93; 
Kluge-Seebold 550; Orel AED 265- 
266. 

*memzan sb.n.: Goth mimz 'meať. 
Related to IE *měmso- id. with a long 
vowel: Toch B pl. mísa 'meat, flesh', Skt 
mámsám, Arm mis, Alb mish, OPrus mensa, 



memzan 



268 



meurjo(n) 



menso, Slav *m(so (Sohmidt iT^XXVI 16). 
Torp-Falk 310; Feist 361; Mayrhofer 
II 615; Pokorný I 725; Scardigli Goten 
24, 257; Lehmann GED 256; Enrietti 
AFLLS XLX 171-173 (from Slav *meso 
id.); Trubachev ESSJa XIX 7—11; 
Bammesberger JVom. 95 (Vrddhi with a 
long *-*-); Orel AED 267; Adams TB 
464; Burlak IFTJa 252. 

*mendiz sb.f.: Gouh ana-minds 'suspicion, 
supposition', ON pl. minjar 'memorials'. 
Related to *mana. Cf. *muniiz. Torp- 
Falk 308; Feist 42-43; Vries AMEW 
388; Seebold 346. 

*menp(i)lan sb.n.: ON mel 'moudi-piece, 
biť, OE midl id., OS mindil id., OHG 
mindil id. Closely related to Olr médal, 
metal 'paunch, belly' < *mentla. Further 
related to *munpaz (Lidén Festschr. Bugge 
78). Wood MLN XXI 40 (to Gk \iixoc, 
'uhread of uhe warp'); Torp-Falk 310; 
Holthausen AEEW 224; Pokorný I 
732-733; Vries AMEW 383; Bammes- 
berger jYom. 88. 

*menbjan sb.n.: Godi ga-minfri 'memory', 
ON minni id., OHG fem. minne id. De- 
rived from *mana. Cf. *muniiz. Torp- 
Falk 308; Feist 193; Vries AMEW 388; 
Onions 577; Seebold 346; Bammes- 
berger JVom. 95. 

*menbjanan vvk.vb.: ON minna 'to re- 
minď, OFris minnia 'to remember', OS 
minnian id. See *menpjan. Vries AMEW 
388. 

*merkwaz adj.: ON myrkr 'dark, můrky', 
OE mine id., OS mirki 'eery, evil'. Related 
to Lith márgas 'colorful', mirgeti 'to sparkle, 
to flicker' (Wiedemann BB XIII 300) and 
especially close to Slav *mergb 'brown, 
with dark stripes'. Karsten MB II 
424-426; Zupitza Gutt. 91; Torp-Falk 
313; Feist 350-351; Holthausen AEEW 
222; Pokorný I 734; Fraenkel 410; 
Vries AMEIV 398; Onions 597; Stang LS 
36-37; Lehmann GED 248 (to *mur^inaz)\ 
Trubachev ESSJa XVIII 98; Heider- 
manns 409-410. 

*metan sb.n.: ON pl. mjqt 'measure', OE 
Se-met id., OS gi-met id., OHG mez id. 



Derived from *metanan. Torp-Falk 305; 
Holthausen AEE]V 220; Pokorný I 
705; Vries AJYEW 385; Zalizniak I 142; 
Beveniste 399—406; Seebold 353; 
Lehmann GED 250, 258. 

*metanan str.vb.: Goth mitan 'to mea- 
sure', ON meta 'to tax, to value', OE 
metan 'to measure', OFris meta id., OS 
pres. metan 'to také for', OHG mezzan 'to 
measure, to compare, to evaluate'. Re- 
lated to Gk |ié8o|iai 'to také care of ', Lat 
meditor 'to think abouť, Olr midiur 'to 
think'. Torp-Falk 304; Holthausen 
AEEW 220; Walde-Hofmann II 55- 
56; Feist 363-364; Jóhannesson IEW 
662-663; Pokorný I 705; Vries AMEW 
385; Frisk II 191; Benveniste IEL 
101-102; Seebold 352-354; Lehmann 
GED 257-258; Kluge-Seebold 554. 

*metóduz sb.m.: ON mjqtudr 'God (as a 
dispenser), weird, baně', OE metod, meotod 
'fate, destiny', OS metod id. Derived from 
*metojanan. Torp-Falk 305; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 220; Kjajge JVom. Stamm. 
17; Seebold 353; Lehmann GED 258. 

*metojanan wk.vb.: Goth miton 'to pian, 
to think about, to weigh', OE ^eoanc-met- 
ian 'to deliberate, to consider', OHG 
eban-mezzon 'to measure'. Derived from 
*metanan. Torp-Falk 305; Feist 364; 
Pokorný I 706; Seebold 353; Benve- 
niste IEL 101; Lehmann GED 258. 

*meba prep.: Gouh mip 'with, among', ON 
med 'with', OE mid, mio id., OFris mith, 
mithi id., OS mid, midi id., OHG mit, miti 
id.. Identical with Gk nexá 'with, among' 
(Kuhn KZ I 515). Torp-Falk 306; 
Holthausen AEEW 221; Feist 364; 
Pokorný I 702; Vries AJ\EJI r 380; Frisk 
II 216-217; Lehmann GED 258-259; 
KTuge-Seebold 563. 

*meurjó(n) sb.f: Crim. Goth. miera 'anť, 
Swed myra id., MLG míre id. Connected 
with *mauraz. Probably goes back to 
*meruí, cf. Av maoirí- < *morui. Further cf. 
Olr moirb id., Slav *morvja id. < *moruia. 
Much Idg. An Z . LX 197-198; Torp-Falk 
302-303; Feist 357; Pokorný I 253-254; 
Lehmann GED 253-254; Trubachev 



meurjo(n) 



269 



melan 



ESSJa XLX 244; Kluge-Seebold 557- 
558. 

*meusan ~ *meusaz sb.n./m.: OE meós 
'moss', OHG mios id. Cf. also ON fem. 
mýrr 'moor, bog, swamp' < *meuziz. An 
ablaut variant of *muson ~ *musan. 
Torp-Falk 327; Holthausen AEE]V 
219; Pokorný I 742; Chemodanov 
SSGJa I 55; Vries ANEW 398; Zalizniak 
II 217; Onions 591; Kluge-Seebold 
568. 

*měanan str.vb.: OE máwan 'to mow', 
OFris pres. mia id. Related to Gk 
(ináco 'to cut, to mow'. Torp-Falk 301 
Holthausen AEE\V 2 1 6; Pokorný I 703 
Frisk I 88; Onions 594; Seebold 347 
Kluge-Seebold 532. 

*mě3az sb.m.: Goth megs 'son-in-law', ON 
mágr 'male in-law', OE mté^ 'relative', 
OFris mech, měg id., OS mág id., OHG 
mág id. Despite phonetic difficulties, to 
*ma 3 uz (Uhlenbegk PBB XXX 302). 
Prellwitz BB XXIV 215-216 (to Gk 
Ttepi-r||i£KTéa) 'to be angry, disgusteď, Lith 
megstu, megti 'to like'); Wiedemann BB 
XXVIII 65 (samé as Prellwitz, cf. for 
the semantic development Fr beau-JUs 'son- 
in-law'); Wood MPXI 316 (to *maphri); 
Zupitza Gutt. 65; Torp-Falk 304; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 210; Feist 352; Pokorný 
I 707 (to Skt maháyati 'to animate, to 
strengthen, to gladden'); Vries AME]V 
375; Zalizniak I 134; Fraenkel 425- 
426, Lexis II 168-170; Szemerényi Kinship 
190-192; Lehmann ^fMund XXXV 15- 
17, GED 249-250; Kluge-Seebold 531. 

*mě3Íbó sb.f: ON rnsgd 'affinity by mar- 
riage', OE mégd 'family, race'. Derived 
from *me^az. Holthausen AEE]V 210; 
Vries A/VETT 398. 

*měxón ~ *ma3Ón sb.m.: OSwed val- 
moghe 'poppy' (< *walxa-ma3on), OS mako 
id., máho-sámo id., OHG mago id. Some- 
how related with (or borrowed from the 
samé source as) Gk |iT|Ktov id., Slav *makb 
id. Fick I 707 (to Gk nréaaco 'to kneaď); 
Zupitza Gutt. 135; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 
159 (adds Olr meccun 'carroť); Torp-Falk 
303; Trautmann £511' 166; Frisk II 225; 



Gindin Etim. 69-70 (together with Gk 
HT|K(ov id. from Thrac *mákh : ); Trubachev 
ESSJa XVII 149-151; Kluge-Seebold 
565. 

*měkjaz ~ *měkjón sb.m.: Goth meki 
'sworď, ON mďkir id., OE méce id., OS 
máki id. Borrowed from NCauc *m%q'V 
'chisel, hoe, knife': Avar-And *maq'ala, 
Tsez *miq', Lezghi *mVq'(uj). Froehde 
K~^ XrV 454 (to Lat macto 'to sacrifice, to 
kill'); Torp-Falk 303 (to Olr machtaim 'to 
slaughter'); Loewenthal AJVF XXXIII 
113 (to Lith smaígas 'cane, pole'); Holt- 
hausen AEEW 210; Feist 352-353; 
Shevelov Prehist. 169 (from Georgian 
máxoa 'sharp; knife', cf. also Avar max-' 
'iron'); Szemerényi KZ XCIII 110-118 
(from Irán *madyaka 'attached to the 
waisť); Vernadsky Saeculum II 368 
(Sarmaťhian loanword); Lehmann GED 
250; Menges Slovo 199 (from North 
Caucasian: Arch, Did mača 'sword'); Fer- 
meglia ASGM XXI 123-124 (< *měgio-, 
to IE *mě-)\ Odtntsov Etim. 1982 110 
(to Bret mečet 'to shine'); Nikolayev- 
Starosttn NCED 827. 

*mělan I sb.n.: Goth mel 'hour, time', ON 
mál 'time, term, mealtime', OE mál 
'measure, fixed time' (neut., mase.?), 
OFris měl, mál 'time, mealtime', MLG 
mál 'period of time', MHG mál 'time, 
moment'. Equivalent of ELith tuo-mél 
(Fraenkel 7T/7J XLI 417). Derived from 
IE *mě- 'to measure': Toch A me-, B 
mai-, Skt mímáti, Alb mas id. 
< PAlb *matja, Lat mětior and the like 
(Bugge PBB XXrV 434). Grtenberger 
Got. 158 (identical widi *mělan II); Torp- 
Falk 301; Holthausen AEE]V 211 
Walde-Hofmann II 81-82; Feist 353 
Trter Lehni 72; Mayrhofer II 638 
Pokorný I 703-704; Fraenkel 430 
Vries AME]V 376; Zalizniak I 142 
Onions 565; Stang LS 35-36; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 76; Kluge-Seebold 534— 
535; Orel AED 246-247. 

*mělan II sb.n.: Goth mel 'seripture, writ- 
ing', ON mál 'ornament (on a sword)', 
OE mál 'mark, sign' (neut., mase.?), OFris 



melan 



270 



merjaz 



mel 'sign', OS hobid-mdl 'head portraiť, 
OHG mal 'spot, point'. Historically iden- 
tical with *melan I (Loewe K£ XLVII 
132; Grienberger Got. 158). Fick I 507 
(to Lat macula 'spot'); Detters ^DADL 
XLII 57 (to *maplan); Torp-Falk 315; 
Hirt lig. Gr. V 101 (follows Fick and 
reconstructs *metló-); Holthausen AEE]ť 
211; Feist 353 (to Skt málam 'dirť, Gk 
HÉXa^ 'black', Lith mělas 'blue'); Trier 
Lehm 71; Pokorný I 703-704, 720-721; 
Vries AMEW 376-377; Zalizniak I 142; 
Lehmann GED 250-251; Kluge-Seebold 
535; Adams TB 469-470 (to Toch A 
malaň, B měli 'nose' < *melo-). 

*mělan III sb.n.: OFrank gloss malá 'cow', 
Du maal 'young cow'. Identical with Gk 
HTJA,ov 'small animals, sheep', fururer cf. 
Olr mil 'animal', Arm mal 'sheep, ram' 
(Scheftelowitz BB XXLX 46), Slav 
*měhb 'small'. See *smalaz. Fick I 519 
(to *mě- 'to bleať); Pokorný I 724; 
Dybo VSJa 26; Vendryes M-51; Frisk 
II 226-227; Chantraine 694-695; 
Lehmann GED 316; Trubachev ESSJa 
XVIII 168; Heidermanns 517. 

*měljanan ~ *mělěnan wk.vb.: Goth 
meljan 'to write', latě ON mďla 'to paint, 
to portray', mála id., OE ^e-málan 'to spot, 
to blemish', OFris mělia 'to painť, OS 
mdlím 'to paint, to draw', OHG mdlon, 
mdlen id. Derived from *mělan II. Torp- 
Falk 315; Holthausen AEE1 V 2 1 1 ; Feist 
353-354; Vries AMEW 399; Lehmann 
GED 251; Kluge-Seebold 535. 

*měljaz sb.m.: ON malir 'measure', OE 
mele, míle 'cup, bowl'. Derived from 
*melan I. Torp-Falk 301; Holthausen 
AEEW 211; Vries AMEW 399; Lehmann 
GED 250. 

*měnon sb.m.: Goth měna 'moon', ON 
mini id., OE móna id., OFris mona id., OS 
mano id., OHG mano id. Derivationally 
similar to OPrus menins id. A secondary 
form based on *měndpz. Schmtdt K£ 
XXVI 340, 345-346; Torp-Falk 309; 
Specht KJ£ LXVI 53; Holthausen 
AEEW 225; Feist 354; Pokorný I 
731-732; Vries AMEW 378; Zalizniak I 



154; Onions 588; Lehmann GED 251; 
Bammesberger Mom. 186. 

*měnóbz sb.m.: Goth menops 'month', ON 
mánadr, mánubr id., OE mónab 'month', 
OFris monath 'moon', OS mdnuth id., 
OHG mánod id. Related to Toch A maň 
id., B meňe id., Skt mas- id., Av mdh- id., 
Arm amis id., Gk Dor \i{\$ id., Alb muaj ~ 
muej id. < PAlb *mdsnja, Lat mensis id., 
Olr mí, Lith ménuo, Slav *měsecb id. 
Schmidt KZ XXVI 340-346, Plur. 193; 
Bartholomae 1170-1171; Torp-Falk 
309; Trautmann BS1V 179-181; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 225; Walde-Hofmann 
II 71-72; Feist 354; Mayrhofer II 
631-632; Pokorný I 731-732; Fraenkel 
438-439; Vries ANEAV 378; Zalizniak II 
209; Frisk II 227-228; Onions 587; 
Beekes JIES X 55; Lehmann GED 251; 
Orel AED 276; Adams TB 468; Burlak 
IFTJa 251. 

*měribó sb.f.: Godr meripa 'repute, news', 
ON mterd 'praise, song of praise', OE 
mérbu, mtíro 'greatness, honor, glory', OS 
mdritha 'glory, fame', OHG mdrida id. 
Derived from *merjaz. Torp-Falk 300 
Holthausen AEEW 212; Feist 355 
Vries AMEW 399; Lehmann GED 252 
Bammesberger Nom. 117; Heidermanns 
408-409. 

*měrín sb.f: Goth waila-merei 'good repu- 
tation', OHG man 'fame'. Derived from 
*měrjaz. Feist 543-544; Heidermanns 
408. 

*měrjanan wk.vb.: Goth merjan 'to pro- 
claim', ON m<era 'to praise', OE mtéran 'to 
make known, to celebrate', OS mdrian 'to 
announce, to praise', OHG měřen id. 
Derived from *merjaz. Torp-Falk 300 
Holthausen AEE]V 211; Feist 355 
Vries AMEW 399; Lehmann GED 252 
Heidermanns 409; Fvluge-Seebold 539. 

*měrjaz adj.: Goth waila-mereis 'well- 
reputed, laudable', ON mďrr 'famous, 
glorious, greať, OE máře 'great, excel- 
lent, distinguisheď, OS mdri 'brilliant, 
famous', OHG mdri 'famous'. Related to 
Olr már 'large', Gk éy^ecn-ucopcN; 'mighty 
with the spear' < *moros. Fick K£ II 



merjaz 



271 



minmz 



382—383 (to Lat merus 'pure, unmixeď); 
Karsten MB II 365-367; Torp-Falk 
300; Feist 355; Holthausen AEEW 212; 
Mittner Wurd 139—141 (contamination 
of *mě- 'large' and *mer- 'to shine'); 
Lindow CIH 129-130 (foUows Mtitner); 
Pokorný I 704; Vries AMEW 399-400; 
Frisk I 440; Lehmann GED 252; 
Heidermanns 408-409; Kluge-Seebold 
539-540. 

*mětan sb.n.: Goth us-met 'manner of life, 
behavior, conducť, ON mát 'moderation', 
OHG maz 'measure'. Derived from *me- 
tanan. Sturtevant JEGP XXXVI 180- 
181 (on the meaning in Gothic); Torp- 
Falk 305; Feist 534; Pokorný I 706; 
Seebold 353; Lehmann GED 383. 

*mětiz adj.: ON mietr 'valuable, excellenť, 
OE máte 'moderate, mean, small, poor', 
OHG un-mazi 'enormous'. Derived from 
*metanan. Karsten MB I 100; Torp- 
Falk 305; Holthausen AEEW 1\1\ See- 
bold 353; Bammesberger Mom. 261; 
Matzel Festschr. Schriider 102, KZ GV 
113; Heidermanns 410—411; Kluge- 
Seebold 544. 

*měban sb.n.: OE méi 'mowing', OFris 
de-meth 'day's worth of mowing', MHG 
mat 'mowing'. Close to Gk a\n\toq 'reap- 
ing, harvesting'. Derived from *měanan. 
Kluge Glotta III 280 (against comparison 
with Gk); Torp-Falk 301; Benveniste 
Origines 157; Frisk I 88; Kluge- Seebold 
532. 

*měpiz sb.f: OE méb 'measure'. Identical 
with Skt máti- id., Gk nfjxK; id., Alb mot 
'time'. Derived from *me- 'to measure'. 
Torp-Falk 301; Benveniste Mom. 77; 
Pokorný I 703-704; Frisk II 232-233; 
Orel AED 274-275. 

*mixstaz sb.m.: ON mistr 'misť, OE mist 
'mist, dimness', MLG mist id. Related to 
Skt meghá- 'clouď, Av maeya- id., Arm meg 
'fog', Gk ó|iíx^.r| 'clouď, Alb ?njegull 
'clouď, Lith migla 'fog', Slav *mbgla 'fog, 
darkness' (Svedrup IF XXXV 154). 
Bartholomae 1104-1105; Torp-Falk 
320; Holthausen AEEW 223; Benve- 
niste Mom. 107; Mayrhofer II 680; 



Pokorný I 712; Fraenkel 451-452; 
Vries AMEW 389; Frisk II 387; Onions 
581; Orel AED 269; Trubachev ESSJa 
XXI 93-94. 

*mixstila-tainaz sb.m.: ON mistil-teinn 
'mistíetoe', OE mistel-tán id. Compound 
of *mixstilaz and *tainaz. Torp-Falk 320; 
Holthausen AEEW 223; Carr Mom. 
comp. 55; Vries AMEW 389; Onions 
582. 

*mixstilaz sb.m.: ON mistil-teinn 'mistíe- 
toe', OE mistel 'basil, mistíetoe', Du mistel 
'mistíetoe', OHG místil id. Derived from 
*mixstuz. The mistíetoe is the source of 
the bird glue. Torp-Falk 320; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 223; Otrebski St. IE 203 
(from IE *em-ístlo- 'taking, seizing'); 
Pokorný I 713; Vries AMEW 389; 
Zalizniak I 134; Onions 582; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa VI 27 (samé as Otrebski); 
Balles KZ CXII 137-142 (from IE *mi- 
zdo- similar to *ni-zdo-); Kluge-Seebold 
562-563. 

*mixstuz sb.m.: Goth maihstus 'dung', OS 
mist id., OHG mist id. Derived from 
*ml^anan. Torp-Falk 320; Kluge Mom. 
Stamm. 70; Feist 340; Pokorný I 713; 
Seebold 348; Lehmann GED 241; 
Kluge-Seebold 562. 

*mimaraz adj.: OE ^e-mimor 'existing in 
the memory, known'. Identical with Av 
mimara- 'mindful', Lat memor id. Believed 
to be a reduplication of *(s)mer- 'to keep 
in minď (Franck KZ XXXVII 128-130; 
Uhlenbeck PBB XVIII 75). Bartho- 
lomae 1186; Walde-Hofmann II 67-68; 
Pokorný I 969; Vries AMEW 387; 
Bammesberger MSS XXVIII 5-8. 

*minniz ~ *minaz adv., adj.: Goth mins 
'less', ON minnr, miSr 'less', OE min 
'small', OFris min 'less', LG min id., OHG 
min id. Probably with *-nn- < *-nw- 
(Osthoff Morph. Unt. VI 231). Related to 
Skt mináti 'to depreciate', Gk |iivú9co 'to 
diminish, to destroy', Lat minuo 'to dimin- 
ish, to become smaller', mínor 'smaller', 
Olr menb 'small, little', Slav *mbnbjb 
'smaller'. Further connected with míyate 
'to grow smaller', Gk neítov 'smaller' < 



minníz 



272 



mi3anan 



IE *mei-. Torp-Falk 310, 319; Walde- 
Hofmann II 92-93; Feist 362; Pokorný 
I 711; Vries ANEW 388; Frisk II 242; 
Vendryes M-37; Lehmann GED 256— 
257; Trubaohev ESSJa XXI 119-122. 

*miskjanan ~ *miskojanan wk.vb.: 
OE miscian 'to mix', MLG mischen id., 
OHG misken id. From *mix-sk-. Deri- 
vationally close to Lat misceo id., Olr 
meseaim id. Cf. also Toch B mdsk- 'to 
exchange' usually etymologized from 
*mei- 'to exchange' (Melohert KZ XCI 
107). Further related to Skt mimiksati 'to 
mix', Gk |ieíyvi)|ii, iJiyvuni id., Lith miěšti 
id., Slav *měsiti 'to mix, to kneaď. 
Pedersen IF V 58-59, Kelt. Gr. I 76; 
Torp-Falk 321; Walde-Hofmann II 
95-96; Pokorný I 714; Fraenkel 450- 
451; Frisk II 192-193; Adams TB 
459. 

*missa-dědiz sb.f.: Goth missa-deps 'mis- 
deed, transgression', OE mis-déd id., OS 
mis-dad id., OHG missi-tat id. Compound 
of *missaz and *dědiz. Feist 362; Leh- 
mann GED 257. 

*missa-jěrjan sb.n.: ON miss-ari, miss-eri 
'season, half-year', OE miss-ere id. Com- 
pound of *missaz and *jeran. Carr Nom. 
comp. 58. 

*missa-líkaz adj.: Goth missa-leiks 
'diverse, various', ON mis-líkr id., OE mís- 
íte 'wanting in likeness, unlike, various', 
OFris mis-lik 'various', OS mis-lik id., 
OHG mis-lth, missi-líh id. Compound of 
*missaz and Ukaž. Torp-Falk 321; 
Lehmann GED 142, 257; Kluge-Seebold 
562. 

*missaz adj.: Goth adv. misso 'each other, 
mutually', ON ý -miss 'different, various', 
OE mis-byrd 'abortion', OFris mis-děde id., 
OS adv. mis-liko 'oťherwise, in a different 
way', OHG missi 'different, various' (hap. 
leg.). Adjective in *-to- based on IE *meit-\ 
Skt méthati 'to be angry, to be hostile', 
Lat tnuto 'to change'. See *mlpanan. 
Kogel PBB VII 173-175 (to Lat mittere 
'to let go, to senď); ICarsten NB II 
310-312; Torp-Falk 321; Walde- 
Hofmann II 137-138; Feist 362-363; 



Mayrhofer II 682-683; Pokorný I 
715; Vries ANE1\ r 388; Seebold 349; 
Lehmann GED 257; Heidermanns 413; 
ICluge-Seebold 562. 

*missjanan wk.vb.: ON tnissa 'to miss, to 
lose', OE missan 'to miss', OFris tnissa id., 
MLG missen id., OHG missen id. Based on 
*missaz. Torp-Falk 321; Holthausen 
AEEW 22Z; Onions 581; Lehmann GED 
257; Heidermanns 413; Kluge-Seebold 
562. 

*miss5(n) sb.f: ON tnissa 'loss', OE neut. 
miss id., MLG misse id., MHG misse id. 
Related to *missaz. Torp-Falk 321; 
Holthausen AEEW 223; Vries ANEW 
388; Onions 581. 

*mizd5(n) ~ *mě dó sb.f: Goth mizdo 
'reward, pay', OE meord id., med 'meed, 
rewarď, OFris mede 'rent', OS meda 'pay- 
menť, OHG mieta 'price'. In WGmc a 
secondary variant is attested. Related to 
Skt neut. midhá- 'strife, contest, prize, 
rewarď, Av mížda- 'reward, gifť, Gk 
HiaOóq 'recompense', Slav *mbzda 
'rewarď. Walde KZ XXXIV 496; 
Bartholomae 1187-1188; Hirt Urgerm. I 
33 (-ŽL- compensates the loss of *-£-); 
Meillet Etudes 248, MSL XXI/3 111; 
Torp-Falk 322; Trautmann BSW 188; 
Holthausen AEEW 2 19; Feist 364-365; 
Pokorný I 746; Zalizniak II 226; 
Mayrhofer II 642-643; Frisk II 244; 
Onions 567; Scardigli Goten 129; 
Benveniste IEL 131-138; Connolly 
PBB CI 1-29; Lehmann GED 259; Bam- 
mesberger Nom. 179; Trubachev ESSJa 
XXI 176-178; Kxuge-Seebold 558. 

*mÍ3anan str.vb.: ON míga 'to urinate', 
OE mí^an id., MLG migen id. Tokh mišo 
'urine', Skt míhati 'to urinate', Av maězaiti 
id., Arm mizem id., Lat meio id. < *meghio, 
Lith mižú, myžti id., Slav *mižati id. 
Zupttza Gutt. 205; Bartholomae 1108; 
Torp-Falk 319-320; Holthausen AEEW 
222; Walde-Hofmann II 60-61; Jóhan- 
nesson IE]V 658; Mayrhofer II 690; 
Pokorný I 713; Fraenkel 461—462; 
Vrtes ANEW 386; Onions 582; Seebold 
347-348; Lehmann GED 241; Tru- 



mi3anan 



273 



modo(n) 



bachev ESSJa XLX 63; Kluge-Seebold 
562; Adams TB 463-464. 

*mínaz pron.: Goth meins 'my', ON mínn 
id., OE min id., OFris min id., OS min id., 
OHG min id. Adjective in *-no- derived 
from *mei, a secondary stem or locative of 
IE *me, 1 sg. personál pronoun (Brug- 
mann Gmndnfi 11/ 1 274, II/2 405). 
Torp-Faek 300; Holthausen AEEW 
223; Feist 352; Pokorný I 702; Vries 
ANEW 388; Onions 577; Schmidt Pron. 
88-92; Lehmann GED 250; Kluge- 
Seebold 550. 

*mítaz ~ *mitón sb.m./f.: Norw dial. mit 
'mite', OE mite id., MLG mite id., OHG 
míza 'gnať. Related to Skt mináti 'to 
depreciate', Gk nvvúOco id., Lat minor 
'smalT. See *minniz ~ *minnaz. Torp- 
Falk 320 (to *maitanan); Holthausen 
AEEW 224; Walde-Hofmann II 92-93; 
Frisk II 242; Onions 582. 

*mibanan str.vb.: OE míSan 'to conceal', 
OFris pres. for-mítha 'to avoiď, OS mithan 
id., OHG mldan id. Related to Hitt mutai- 
'to remove', Skt méthati 'to be angry, to be 
hostile', Lat mutó 'to change', Latv mitet 
'to change', Slav *mitě 'alternately'. 
Kogel PBB VII 173 (to Lat mittó 'to 
cause to go, to senď); Noreen Abrifi 
190 (samé as Kogel); Torp-Falk 320; 
Holthausen AEEW 224; Lané Language 
XIV 24 (adds Toch A met-, B mit- 'to go, 
to set ouť); Walde-Hofmann II 137-138; 
Mayrhofer II 682-683; Pokorný I 
710, 715; Seebold 348-350; Lehmann 
GED 241; Tischler HEG II 235-236; 
Trubachev ESSJa XLX 59-60; Kluge- 
Seebold 550. 

*m5da3az ~ *modÍ3az ~ *módu3az 
adj.: Goth modags 'angry', ON módugr 
'moody, gloomy, fierce', OE módÍ3 'high- 
spirited, noble-mindeď, OS módag, módig 
'exciteď. Cf. OHG muotigi 'animosity'. 
Derived from *móiaz. Feist 365; Leh- 
mann GED 259. 

*m5ťla-safj6n sb.m.: ON mód-sefi 'minď, 
OE mód-sefa 'mind, spirit, soul', OS mód- 
sebo 'minď. Compound of *modaz and 
*sajjón. Carr Mom, comp. 51. 



*modaz sb.m.: Goth mops 'anger' (gen. 
modis), ON modr 'wrath', OE mód 'mind, 
spirit, courage' (neut.), OFris mód id., OS 
mód id. (mase, neut.), OHG muot 'soul, 
spirit, courage' (mase, neut.). Probably 
continues *mó-tó-, cf. Lat mótus 'moveď 
< *mouitos and further related to Lat 
moueó 'to move', Lith máuju, máuti 'to 
turn down, to touch, to graze'. Fick KZ 
XXII 377 (to Slav *sT>měti 'to dare', Gk 
naíonai 'to seek'); Prellwitz BB XXVI 
310; Torp-Falk 322 (to *mójanan); 
Schmidt KZ XXXVII 45 (from IE *mě- 
'to be spiritually arouseď); Meyer Bed. 
Passim; Holthausen AEE]V 224; 
Walde-Hofmann II 116-117; Feist 
365-366; Pokorný I 705 (to Gk 
liaíonai); Fraenkel 421; Vries ANEH r 
391; Zalizniak II 170; Onions 588; 
Ernout-Meillet 416 (to Lat mós Svili, 
custom'); Chantraine 659, 697 (to Gk 
nr|vi<; 'anger'); Lehmann GED 259; 
Kluge- Seebold 577. 

*móděr sb.f: ON móóir 'mother', OE 
módor id., OFris módar id., OS módar id., 
OHG muoter id. Related to Toch A macar, 
B macer id., Skt matár- id., Av matar- 
id., Gk |ir|tr|p id., Alb moter 'sister', Lat 
mater 'mother', Olr máthir id., Lith máti 
id., Slav *mati id. Bartholomae 1167; 
Torp-Falk 323; Holthausen AEEW 
224; Walde-Hofmann II 49-50; 
Pokorný I 700-701; Mayrhofer II 619; 
Fraenkel 465-466; Vries ANEW 391; 
Zalizniak I 157; Frisk II 232; Onions 
592; Benveniste 171; Bammesberger 
Mom. 208; Trubachev ESSJa XVII 
254-259; Kluge-Seebold 577; Orel 
AED 275; Adams TB 447. 

*módernjan sb.n.: ON moderní 'mothers 
side of lineage, mourer'. Derived from 
*móier and structurally close to Lat mater- 
nus 'of mother'. Walde-Hofmann II 49; 
Vries /IVET T 391. 

*modo(n) sb.f: ON móda 'large river', E 
dial. mood 'shrne, mucus', LG mot, mód 
'beer foam'. Semantically distant from 
but historically and formally identical 
with *móiaz. Vries AME1 \' 39 1 . 



mojanan 



274 



modrán 



*m5janan wk.vb.: Goth past part. af- 
mauidai 'weary', MLG moien 'to toil, to 
endeavor', OHG muoen 'to become tired, 
to labor'. Identical with Slav *majati 'to 
wear out, to labor, to be slow' (Schmidt 
KZ XXVI 5). Persson apud Feist (to 
Gk norupcx; 'black'); Bugge PBB XIII 
316-317 (to Gk Ká|iVto 'to tire'); Grien- 
berger Got. 8 (to Lat moueo 'to move'); 
Berneker II 7; Torp-Falk 322; Traut- 
mann BS]V 188; Feist 9; Pokorný I 746; 
Stang LS 35; Lehmann GED 6; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa XVII 132-134; Kluge- 
Seebold 573. 

*mónon sb.f.: ON móna 'mammy (of a 
baby)', ME móne 'mother', MLG mone id. 
A word of child language. Vries ANEW 
392. 

*móriz ~ *moraz sb.f./m.: ON mozrr 
'land, border-land, sea', OE mór 'moor', 
OFris mor id., OS mor id., OHG muor 
'marsh, lake'. Secondary form based on 
*ma?iz. Holthausen AEE]V 226; Po- 
korný I 748; Vries ANEW 400; Chemo- 
danov SSGJa I 54; Zalizniak II 1 70; 
Onions 588; Darms Vrddhi 158-166; 
Lehmann GED 245; Kluge-Seebold 568. 

*mósan sb.n.: ODan mos 'porridge', OE 
mós 'food, nourishmenť, OFris mos 
'meal', OHG muos id. Probably, from 
*mod-s-an related to *mastaz II, *matiz 
(Uhlenbeok PBB XXX 302). Torp- 
Falk 305; Holthausen ÁEEW 226; 
Darms Vrddhi 219-231; Lehmann GED 
247; Kluge-Seebold 576. 

*mota str.vb.: Goth ga-mot 'to řind room', 
OE mát 'musť, OFris mot id., OS mot id., 
OHG muoz 'can, musť. Derived from 
*metanan. Delbrůck Synt. III 331 (to IE 
*mě- 'to measure'); Torp-Falk 323; Feist 
193; Holthausen AEEW 226; Pokorný I 
705-706; Onions 598; Seebold 354; 
Beekes KZ LXXXVII 86-98 (on *měd-\ 
*med-); Lehmann GED 145; Kluge- 
Seebold 576—577. 

*m5tan I sb.n.: ON mát 'meeting', ME 
mát, 3emot id., OS mot id. (fem.), MHG 
muoz 'single combat (of knights)' (fem.). 
Derived from *metanan (Wood AIP XI 



321). Meringer IF XVIII 212-213; 
Uhlenbeck TNTL XXV 269-270; Torp- 
Falk 322-323; Pedersen KZ XXXLX 
411; Pokorná' I 705-706, 746 (to Arm 
matčini 'to approach'); Vries ANEW 
393-394; Onions 588. 

*mótan II sb.n.: ON mot 'stamp, mark', 
EFris mot 'spoť, Du moet 'trace, spoť. 
Derived from *metanan. Torp-Falk 323; 
Vries ANEW 393. 

*m5tjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-motjan 'to 
meeť, ON mata id., OE metan id., OFris 
meta id., OS motian id. Derived from 
*mbtan I. Meringer IF XVIII 212-213 
(derived from *moto)\ Holthausen AEE] V 
225; Feist 193; Pokorný I 746; Vries 
AA r £ir400; Onions 567; Lehmann GED 
145. 

*mótó sb.f: Goth mota 'tax', OSwed mot 
'measure', OE mát 'toll, tax', MHG muoze 
'miller's pay'. Derived from *motan II 
(Meringer IF XVIII 211-215). Jelli- 
nek ZDADL LXVI 129 (from MLat muta 
'toll'); Much DLZeit. XLI 554 (Lat muta 
from Gmc.); Holthausen AEE] V 226; 
Feist 365; Stender-Petersen 322-325 
(samé as Meringer); Feist 365; Corazza 
lat. 64-66; Lehmann GED 259; Kluge- 
Seebold 548. 

*móbaz adj.: ON modr 'moody, weary', 
OE mede 'weary, troubled, saď, OS mothi 
'moody, weary', OHG muodi id. Derived 
from *mojanan. See *modaz. Karsten 
NB II 392-394; Torp-Falk 322; Feist 9; 
Holthausen AEEW 225; Pokorný I 
746; Vries ANEW 391; Meid Praet. 
87; Lehmann GED 6; Matzel KZ CV 
132; Heidermanns 414; Kluge-Seebold 
572. 

*m5bín sb.f: ON mceoi 'weariness, ex- 
haustion', OHG muodí id. Derived from 
*mo\>az. Heidermanns 414. 

*móbjanan ~ *móběnan wk.vb.: ON 
maba 'to plague, to exhausť, OHG 
muoden 'to tire'. Derived from *mópaz. 
Torp-Falk 322; Vries ANEW 400. 

*móbran sb.n.: OFris mother 'breast-band- 
age', OS moder id., OHG muodar 'belly'. 
Identical with Gk nr|xpa 'womb'. Derived 



modrán 



275 



munctojanan 



from *moÍa. Torp-Falk 323; Pokorný 
I 701; FriskII 232. 

*mučt(i)15janan wk.vb.: ON mušla 'to 
maunder, to munch', OHG mutilon 'to 
murmur'. Of imitative origin. Torp-Falk 
326 (to Lat muttid 'to mutter, to mumble'); 
Vries ANEW 394; Lehmann GED 112. 

*mu3J5 sb.f.: OSwed mugga 'mosquito', 
OE myc^e 'midge', OS muggía id., OHG 
mugga id. Distandy related to *múso ~ 
*músin. Torp-Falk 327 (reconstruct 
*muwjd); Holthausen AEE]V 228; Po- 
korný I 752; Zalizniak II 226; Onions 
575; Kluge-Seebold 572. 

*mulčta-we3az sb.m.: ON mold-vegr 
'earthly path', OE mold-wej 'way upon 
earth, earth'. Compound of *mulÍo(n) and 
*wesaz. Carr JVom. comp. 55. 

*mulďjanan wk.vb.: ON mylia 'to cover 
with moulď , OE be-myldan id., OHG 
mullen 'to dig lanď. Derived from 
*muldo(n). Holthausen AEE1\' 228; 
Vries ANEW 397. 

*muldó(n) sb.f.: Goth mulda 'dusť, ON 
mold 'mould, earth' (pl. refiects *muliiz), 
OE molde id., OFris molde id., OHG molta 
'earth, dusť. Close to OPrus piva-maltan 
'malt', Lith miltai 'flour'. Participle *mltó- 
of *mel- 'to grinď, see *malanan (Solmsen 
KZ XXXVII 587-589). Forsterman K% 
1 4; Torp-Falk 3 1 4; Trautmann BS1 TI 68; 
Holthausen AEEW 225; Feist 366; Po- 
korný I 717; Fraenkel 403-404; Vries 
ANEW 392; Zalizniak II 197; Onions 
593; Seebold 345; Lehmann GED 260. 

*muldón I sb.m.: OE molda, molde 'top of 
the heaď (mase, fem.), MDu moude id. 
Derivationally close to Skt murdhán- 'top, 
summit, heaď, Av ka-rranSa- 'head (of a 
dev)', with a pejorative ka-. Bartho- 
lomae 440; Holthausen AEEW 225; 
Mayrhofer II 666; Pokorný I 725; 
Onions 593. 

*mulčton II sb.f.: OSwed molda 'Cheno- 
podium', MHG multe 'notch-weeď. See 
*meldón. Torp-Falk 317. 

*muljanan wk.vb.: ON mylja 'to shiver, to 
crush', MLG mullen to crush', OHG 
mullen 'to rub'. Related to *malanan. 



Torp-Falk 315; Vries ANEW 397; 
Seebold 345; Lehmann GED 260. 

*munaz adj.: ON á-munr 'eager', OE 
3e-mun 'mindful'. Derived from *mana. 
Holthausen AEEW 22 7; Vries ANEW 9; 
Matzel Festschr. Schroder 99, KZ CV 106; 
Heidermanns 415. 

*munčtaz sb.m.: ON mundr 'bridal 
presenť, OFris mund 'guardianship' . Mor- 
phological variant of *mundo. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 227; Vries ANEW 395; 
Kluge-Seebold 574. 

*mun<lilaz ~ *munťiil6 sb.m.: Goth 
prop. Mundila, ON prop. Mundill, OFris 
mundele 'minor, ward' (fem.), MHG miindel 
'minor, ward' (neut.). Derived from *mundo. 
Vrbís ANE]V 395; Kluge-Seebold 574. 

*munďiz sb.f.: Goth ga-munds 'remem- 
brance', ON mynd 'shape, form, image', 
OE 3e-mynd 'mind, memory, remem- 
brance', OHG gi-munt 'remembrance'. 
Continues IE *mntis: Skt mátí- 'thought, 
design, devotion', Av anu-maiti- 'ponder- 
ing', Lith mintis id., Slav *pa-mgtb 'mem- 
ory', based on *men- 'to think'. See *mana. 
Bartholomae 128; Torp-Falk 308; 
Trautmann BSW 180-182; Holthausen 
AEEW 228; Feist 194; Mayrhofer II 
563-564; Pokorný I 726-728; Fraenkel 
455-456; Vries ANEW 398; Onions 577; 
Seebold 346; Lehmann GED 145; 
Bammesberger JVom. 141. 

*munďó sb.f.: ON mund 'hand', OE mund 
id., OFris mase. mund 'protection, guard- 
ing', OS mund 'hand', OHG munt 'hand, 
palm as a length measure'. Continues 
*mn-ta (Danielsson AlSt. III 189-190) 
probably connected with Gk |iápr| 
'hand', Lat manus id., a heteroclytic stem, 
cf. *manwuz. Torp-Falk 326; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 227; Walde-Hofmann II 
34-35; Kkahe SuV 75; Pokorný I 
740-741; Chemodanov SGGJa I 89 
Vries ANEW 395; Zalizniak II 194: 
Frisk II 175; Lehmann GED 244-245 
Kluge-Seebold 574. 

*munďójanan wk.vb.: Goth mundon 'to 
pay attention, to observe', ON munda 'to 
point, to aim'. Related to Gk |iav9«V[o, 



munctojanan 



276 



murxon 



aor. jiocGeiv 'to learn'. Torp-Falk 308; 
Feist 367; Sturtevant MP XXVI 472 
(from *mana)\ Pokorný I 730; Vries 
AMEW 395; Frisk II 170-171; Lehmann 
GED 261. 

*mundraz adj.: OHG muntar 'lively, 
fresh'. Connected with *muniqjanan. 
Structurally close to Lith mandrus 'lively', 
Slav *mqdrt> 'wise'. Torp-Falk 308; 
Feist 367-368; Wissmann MP 78; 
Fraenkel 405-406; Lehmann Language 
XVIII 128, GED 261; Trubachev ESSJa 
XX 130-133; Heidermanns 416; Kluge- 
Seebold 575. 

*mundrín sb.f.: Goth mundrei 'aim, goal', 
OHG muntri 'eagerness, diligence'. De- 
ríved from *muruiraz. Feist 367—368; Leh- 
mann GED 261; Heidermanns 416. 

*muněnan wk.vb.: Goth munan 'to intend, 
to be about to', OHG fir-monen 'to value 
litde'. Derived from *muniz. Feist 367; 
Seebold 346. 

*muniz sb.m.: Goth muns 'thought, inten- 
tion', ON munr 'mind, longing, delighť, 
OE myne 'mind, purpose, desire'. Related 
to *mana. Torp-Falk 308; Holthausen 
AEEW 228; Feist 368; Vries AMEW 396; 
Onions 577; Seebold 346; Bammes- 
berger jVb/n. 132-133. 

*munbaz sb.m.: Goth munps 'mouth', ON 
munnr, mubr id., OE mú5 id., OFris mund, 
mond id., OS múth id., OHG mund id. 
Etymologically close to Lat meritum 'chin', 
W mant 'jaw, mouth' < *mrito-, Alb mat 
'bank, shore' < *mnto- (Vasmer AW 
39-40). Hirt PBB XXII 228 (to Gk 
atóna 'mouth', from *st(o)ment-)\ Detter 
ZDADL XLII 56 (to Skt múkha- 'mouth'); 
Kretschmer Glotta XV 195-196 (from 
*mu-nt- 'making a ma-sounď and identi- 
cal with Lat mundus 'underground pit' 
< *'mouth of the underworlď); Torp- 
Falk 310; Holthausen AEEW 227-228; 
Walde-Hofmann II 72-73; Feist 368; 
Porzig Gliederung 126, 133; Pokorný I 
726, 732-733; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
102; Vries AMEW 396; Zalizniak I 134; 
Onions 594; Lehmann GED 261 (to Gk 
|iaa«0|icn 'to chew'); Bammesberger 



Mom. 11—1%; FCluge-Seebold 574; Orel 
AED 247. 

*munbón sb.m.: ON munni 'mouth, open- 
ing', OE múoa 'mouth (of the river), 
opening, dooř', OFris mutha id., MLG 
mude id. Derived from *munpaz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 228; Vries AMEW 396. 

*mur3Ína-3efo5 sb.f.: ON morgin-gjqf 'bri- 
dal gifť, OE mor^en-^ifu id., MLG morgen- 
gave id., OHG morgan-geba id. Compound 
of *mur3Ínaz and *^ebo. Carr Mom. comp. 
51; Fvluge-Seebold 570. 

*mur3Ínaz sb.m.: Goth maurgins 'morn- 
ing', ON morginn, myrginn id., OE mor^en 
id., OFris moru id., OS morgan id., OHG 
morgan id. Cf. also OE meri^en id., 
MDutch margen, mergen id. < *marsinaz. 
Identical with Slav *mbrčbrn> 'dark'. 
Further related to Olr mrecht 'multi- 
coloreď, Lith mérkiu, mérkti 'to blink', Slav 
*mbrknqti 'to become dark'. Torp-Falk 
326; Trautmann BSW 182-184; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 226; Feist 350-351; 
Pokorný I 733-734; Vries ANEW 393; 
Fraenkel 441; Zalizniak I 134; Onions 
590; Stang LS 36-37; Lehmann GED 
248; Trubachev ESSJa XXI 130, 
133-135; Kluge-Seebold 569-570. 

*mur3Janan wk.vb.: Godi ga-maurgjan 'to 
shorten', OE mir^an 'to be happy, to 
rejoice'. Derived from *mur^uz. Torp- 
Falk 311; Holthausen AEE\ V 229; Feist 
193; Lehmann GED 145; Heidermanns 
416; Adams TB 454-455 (adds Toch B 
márkwace 'upper leg, thigh'). 

*mur3uz adj.: OE myrftjje 'pleasant, 
delightful, sweeť, OHG murg-fari 'transi- 
tory', murg 'shorť. Closely related to Av 
mmzu- 'short (?)', Gk Ppax^í id., Lat 
brevis id. (Saussure Recueil 406-407). 
Bartholomae 1174; Torp-Falk 311; 
Gauthiot MSL XVIII 343-347; Feist 
193; Holthausen ^££11' 229; Walde- 
Hofmann I 115; Pokorný I 750-751; 
Frisk I 264; Onions 571; Lehmann GED 
145; Bammesberger Mom. 262; Heider- 
manns 416-417. 

*murxón sb.f: OE more, moru 'edible root, 
carrot, parsnip', OS morha 'carroť, OHG 



murxon 



277 



muson 



moraha id. Connection with Gk ppaKava ■ 
ta a.ypva Xá%ava (Hes.) cannot be sup- 
ported. Together with Slav *mi>rky id., 
*murxon was borrowed from a North 
Caucasian source: NGauc mtrgwa 'rooť 
(in WCauc — 'carroť). Zupitza Gutt. 
135 Torp-Falk 570; Machek LP II 158 
(of non-IE origin); Nikolaev-Starostin 
MED 827; Trubachev ESSJa XX 247- 
249; Keuge-Seebold 565. 

*murnanan str.vb.: OE murnan 'to mourn, 
to be saď. See *mimaraz. Wood MP V 
282-283; Torp-Falk 312; Holthausen 
AEEW 227; Walde-Hofmann II 67-68; 
Seebold 351-352. 

*murněnan wk.vb.: Goth maurnan 'to 
worry, to concern oneself', OS mornian 
id., OHG mornen 'to mourn'. Derived 
from *mumanan. Wood MP V 282-283 
(to Gk uapaívra 'to rub off'); Torp-Falk 
313; Feist 351; Onions 593 (to Skt 
smárati 'to remember, to think of, to long 
for', Gk (jépi|iva); Lehmann GED 248- 
249. 

*murrójanan wk.vb.: ON murra 'to mur- 
mur', MLG murren 'to drone', G murren 
'to grumble'. Of imitative origin. Torp- 
Falk 326; Vries ANEW 396. 

*murj5an I sb.n.: ON mord 'murder', OE 
mord 'death, murder' (neut., mase), OFris 
morth 'murder', OS morth id., OHG mord 
id. (neut., mase). Identical with Skt mrtá- 
'dead', Av marsta- id., Gk Ppoxóc; '(mortal) 
man', nopxó?- «v9pcojro<; 9vr|xó<; (Hes.), 
Arm mard 'man', Lat mortuus 'dead', Slav 
*mbrtub id. Derived from *mer- 'to die'. 
Meillet MSL XrV/4 378; Bartholomae 
1172; Torp-Falk 311; Holthausen 
AEEW 226; Walde-Hofmann II 1 12 
1 13; Mayrhofer II 674; Pokorný I 735; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 106; Vries ANEW 
392; Zalizniak I 223; Frisk I 270-271; 
Lehmann GED 249; Bammesberger JVom. 
78; Trubachev ESSJa XXI 146-148; 
Kluge-Seebold 569. 

*murj)an II sb.n.: OSwed morp 'sanď, 
EFris mujt 'sanď. Goes back to a partici- 
ple of *mer- 'to rub', *mrto- also attested 
in Lat mortarium 'mortar'. Torp-Falk 



311; Walde-Hofmann II 112; Pokorný I 
736; Vries ANEW 392-393. 

*murpa-werkan sb.n.: ON mori-verk 
'murder', OE morS-weorc 'act which 
causes death', OS mord-werk 'murder'. 
Compound of *murpan I and *werkan. 
Carr Notn. comp. 51. 

*murpjanan wk.vb.: ON myrda 'to mur- 
der', OFris morthia id., MLG morden id., 
OHG murden id. Derived from *murpan I. 
Torp-Falk 313; Vries ANEW 398. 

*murj5ran sb.n.: Gouh maurpr 'murder', 
OE mordor id. (mase., neut.). Derived 
from *murpan I. Torp-Falk 311—312; 
Holthausen AEEW 226; Feist 351; 
Pokorný I 735; Zalizniak I 223; Onions 
597; Lehmann GED 249; Bammesberger 
Nom. 85—86; Fvluge-Seebold 569. 

*murj3rjanan ~ *murj5rójanan wk.vb.: 
Goth maurprjan 'to murder', OE for- 
myrSrian id., OFris morthra id., OHG 
murdiren id. Derived from *murpran. Torp- 
Falk 313; Holthausen AEEW 229; Feist 
351; Vries ANEW 398. 

*murj}rjón sb.m.: Goth mana-maurprja 
'murderer', OE myrdra id., OHG murdreo 
id. Derived from *murpran. Holthausen 
AEE]V 229; Feist 344; Bammesberger 
Nom. 182. 

*murwaz adj.: MLG more, mořme 'surly, 
grouchy', OHG muruwi 'delicate, fine'. 
Close to Olr meirb 'lifeless', W merw 
'weak', Slav *mbrva 'piece of meat, bit, 
straw'. Torp-Falk 311; Pokorný I 735- 
736; Trubachev ESSJa XXI 151-154; 
Hetdermanns 418; FCluge-Seebold 575. 

*muson ~ *musan sb.m./n.: ON mosi 
'moss', OE mos 'moss, marshy pláce', 
MLG mos 'moss', OHG mos 'moss, 
marsh'. Related to Lith pl. músos 'moulď, 
Slav *mbx~b 'moss'. Further cf. Lat muscus 
id. Bugge KZ XXXII 17; Brugmann 
11/ 1 166; Torp-Falk 327; Trautmann 
BSW 190-191; Holthausen AEEW 226; 
Walde-Hofmann II 134; Pokorný I 742; 
Chemodanov SSGJa I 55; Fraenkel 
473-474; Vries ANEW 393; Zalizniak II 
217; Onions 591; Trubachev ESSJa XX 
216-218; Kxuge-Seebold 568. 



mutaz 



278 



musz 



*mutaz ~ *mučtčtaz sb.m.: Swed modd 
'dirty wet snow', E mud, Du mot 'light 
rain', G dial. mott 'peat area, morass'. 
Identícal with Gk |rĎ8o<; 'wetness, roť, 
Mír muad 'noble (?)' < *moudo-. Torp-Falk 
326; Pokorný I 741-742; Frisk II 263. 

*mutrójanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. mutra 'to 
mutter', ME muteren id. Of imitative ori- 
gin. See *mud(i)lojan. Torp-Falk 326. 

*mubraz sb.m.: E mother 'sediment, yeasť, 
Du modder 'mud', latě MHG moder 'mold, 
swamp'. Derivationally close to Skt neut. 
mutra- 'urine', Av múOia 'dirť. Torp- 
Falk 324; Pokorný I 741. 

*mubbón sb.m./f.: ON motti 'moth', OE 
modde id., MLG motte id. An expressive 
formation based on *muso ~ *músin. 
Torp-Falk 326; Pokorný I 752; Lůhr 
Expr. 252 (from *mupx-, further related to 
*mapan); Kluge-Seebold 572. 

*mÚ3Ďn sb.m.: ON múgi 'mob, crowď, 
OE mÚ3a 'mow, heap, stack of hay'. See 
*múxaz. Torp-Falk 325; Zupitza Gutt. 
75, 209; Holthausen AEEW 226-227; 
Vries ANEW 394 (to Gk itÚkcov 'stack'); 
Onions 594. 

*můxaz sb.m.: ON mór 'moor, heath', 
OHG mu-werfo 'mole'. Identical with Lat 
mucus 'slime'. Torp MEO 429 (to Olr 
móin 'bog, swamp'); Loewenthal ANF 
XXXIII 106 (from *smogho- 'smoke'); 
Torp-Falk 325; Walde-Hofmann II 
133; Pokorný I 744; Vries ANEW 392. 

*múxjanan wk.vb.: MHG muhen, muojan 
'to roar, to bellow'. Identical with Gk 
HÍÍKáonai id., Lith múkiú, muká id., Slav 
*myčati id. Torp-Falk 324; Pokorný I 
751; Frisk II 266. 

*mújan sb.n.: ON mý 'midge, gnať. An 
isolated form distandy connected with 
*mu^jo and *musó ~ *musín. Torp-Falk 
327; Pokorný I 752; Zalizniak II 226; 
Kluge-Seebold 572 (reconstructs *mux- 
jan). 

*múkaz adj.: Goth muka-modei 'meekness, 
gentleness', Du muik 'soft, overripe', G 
dial. mauch 'dry and decayed, rotten'. 



Probably related to Olr mocht 'soft, ten- 
der', W mwyth 'weak' < *mug-to-. Torp- 
Falk 325; Feist 366; Pokorný I 744; 
Darms Vrddhi 402; Heidermanns 415. 

*múljanan wk.vb.: Goth faur-muljan 'to 
muzzle', ON myla id., LG mulen 'to grouse, 
to moan'. Derived from *múlon. Torp- 
Falk 324; Feist 147; Vries ANEW 
397. 

*múlón sb.m.: ON míli 'snout, muzzle', 
OFris mula id., MLG mul id. (neut.), mule 
id. (fem.), OHG mula id. (fem.). Related 
to Gk irúXXov 'lip' (Grienberger Got. 
66; Wackernagel SBAB 1918 410-411) 
but eventually of imitative origin. Cf. also 
Norw smaul 'muzzle' close to Latv smaule 
id. Kretschmer Glotta XV 195-196 (to 
*munpaz); Torp-Falk 324; Feist 147; 
Pokorný I 751-752, 968; Vries ANEW 
394; Frisk II 270; Chantraine 721 
722; Lehmann GED 111-112; Kluge- 
Seebold 546-547. 

*músó ~ *músln sb.f: Godand mausa 
'mosquito', Flem meuzie id. (m-stem). 
Related to Gk |iuía 'fly', Alb mize 'fly' 
(derivative of PAlb *mujá), Lat musea 'fly', 
Lith muse id., Slav *muxa id. Búga RFV 
LXXII 192-193; Trautmann BSW 
191; Walde-Hofmann II 133; Polome 
Language XXV 186; Pokorný I 752; 
Fraenkel 474; Ernout-Meillet 424; 
Frisk II 265-266; Trubachev ESSJa XX 
170-172; Orel AED 268. 

*músz sb.f: ON mís 'mouše', OE mís id., 
OFris mus id., OS mús id., OHG mús id. 
Connected with Skt mús- id., Arm mukn 
id., Gk ní>5 id., Alb mi ~ mi id., Lat mús 
id., Slav *myšb id. (Forsterman K£ I 
493). Meyer BB VIII 190; Torp-Falk 
327; Holthausen AEEJf 227; Walde- 
Hofmann II 132-133; Mayrhofer II 
668; Pokorný I 752-753; Vries ANEW 
396; Zalizniak II 209; Frisk II 275- 
276; Onions 593; Bammesberger Nom. 
195; Trubachev ESSJa XXI 64-67; 
Griepentrog ]Vurzelnomina 305-321; 
Kluge-Seebold 547; Orel AED 265. 



n 



*naba-3aizaz sb.m.: ON najatr 'auger', 
OE naju-gár id., OS nabu-gěr id. Com- 
pound consisting of *nabo and *3aizaz. 
Torp-Falk 293; Holthausen AEElf 
231; Carr Nom. comp. 51; Vries .JjVETI^ 
403; Onions 62. 

*nabjan sb.n.: ON nej 'beak, bili, nose', 
OE nebb 'nib, beak, nose', MLG nebbe 
'beak, bili'. Derived from *nabo. Torp- 
Falk 292 (to Lith sndpas 'bili, beak'); 
Holthausen AEEW 233; Vries ANEW 
406; Onions 605. 

*nabo sb.f.: ON nqf 'navě, clasp' (pardy 
< fem. *nabiz), OE nafu id., OS naba id., 
OHG naba id. Related to Skt neut. ná- 
bhya- 'navě (of a wheel)', ndbhi- 'navel 
navě', OPrus nabis id., Latv naba 'navel' 
Torp-Falk 293; Holthausen AEE1\ 
231; Mayrhofer II 135; Pokorný I 315 
Vries ANEW 414; Zalizniak II 197 
Onions 604; Darms Vrddhi 152-153 
Iíluge- Seebold 579. 

*nab(u)15n sb.m.: ON nafli 'navel', OE 
najela id., OFris navla id., MLG navel id., 
OHG nabalo, nabulo id. Derived from 
*nabo. Further etymologically connected 
with and structurally similar to Gk 
b\l<poXóc, id., Lat umbiluus id., Olr imbliu 
id. < Hmbilon-. Torp-Falk 293; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 231; Walde-Hofmann II 
814; Pokorný I 314-315; Vries ANEW 
403; Zalizniak I 154; Frisk II 391-392; 
Onions 604; Anttila Schw. 91; Kluge- 
Seebold 579. 

*načtraz sb.m.: Goth nadrs 'adder, viper, 
snake', ON naor 'viper, adder, snake'. 
Related to Lat natrix 'water snake', Olr 
nathir id., W neidr 'snake', Corn ňader id., 
MBret azr id. See also *nedron ~ *nadron. 
Torp-Falk 291-292; Walde-Hofmann 
II 147; Feist 368; Porzig 110; Pokorný 
I 767; Chemodanov SGGJa I 101; Vries 
ANEW 403; Zalizniak II 183; Onions 
11-12; Lehmann GED 262; Bammes- 
berger jYom. 86. 



*na3laz sb.m.: ON nagl 'nail' (root stem in 
pl.), OE nesl id., OFris neil id., OS nagal 
id., OHG nagal, negil id. (a- and z-stem). 
Related to Skt áňghri- 'fooť < *onghli-, Gk 
ovuíj 'nail', Lat unguis id., Olr ingen id., 
Lith nagas id., Slav *noga 'fooť, *nogbtb 
'nail' (Hirt IF X 49). Zupitza Gutt. 
179; Torp-Falk 290; Trautmann BS] V 
192; Holthausen AEEW 230; Walde- 
Hofmann II 818-819; Pisani Paideia VIII 
112 (to Slav *jbgla 'needle'); Mayrhofer 
I 22; Pokorný I 780; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 61; Vries ANEW 403-404; 
Fraenkel 478-479; Zalizniak II 209; 
Frisk II 398-399; Onions 601; Kluge- 
Seebold 580-581; Trubachev ESSJa 
XXV 161-164, 170-173. 

*na3ljanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-nagljan 'to 
nail', ON negla id., OS neglian id., OHG 
negilen, nagalen id. Derived from *na^laz. 
Torp-Falk 291; Feist 194; Vries ANEW 
407; Lehmann GED 145-146; Kluge- 
Seebold 580. 

*naxa str.vb.: Goth ga-nah 'to sufrice', OE 
3e-neah id., OHG gi-nah id. Related to 
Hitt henk- 'to bestow, to consign', Skt 
náíati 'to attain', Gk ĚveyKEÍv 'to carry', 
Lith nesu, nésti 'to carry', Slav *nesti id. 
Zupitza Gutt. 191; Torp-Falk 289; 
Trautmann BSW 198; Feist 92-93; 
Holthausen AEEW 239; Jóhannesson 
IEW 58-59; Mayrhofer II 145; 
Pokorný I 316-318; Fraenkel 497-498, 
Lexis II 186; Frisk I 512-513; Onions 
315; Seebold 355-356; Lehmann GED 
70-71; Puhvel III 380-382. 

*naxt-fu3laz sb.m.: ON nátt-Jugl 'night- 
birď, OHG naht-Jogal id. Compound of 
*naxtz and *Juslaz. Carr Nom. comp. 84 
(calque of Lat noctua or nocticorax in 
OHG). 

*naxtz sb.f: Goth nahts 'nighť, ON nátt, 
nótt id., OE niht, neaht id., OFris nacht id., 
OS naht id., OHG nalit id. Related to Hitt 
nekuz 'evening', Skt nák 'nighť, Gk vúij 



naxtz 



280 



namon 



id., Alb nati id., Lat nox id., W nos id., 
Lith naktis id., Slav *nokťb id. Brug- 
mann Grundúfi 11/ 1 435; Metllet BSL 
XXV 144, XXVII/1 128; Zupitza Gutt. 
136; Pedersen Ařtó. Gr. I 123; Torp- 
Faek 290; Sturtevant Language Ví/ 3 
220; Holthausen AEEJV 236; Sohulze 
K. Schr. 803, 847; Walde-Hofmann II 
181-182; Feist 368-369; Benveniste 
Origines 10; Pokorný I 762-763; 
Mayrhofer II 121-122; Fraenkel 
481-482; Vries AMEW 405; Frisk II 
327-328; Zalizniak I 157; Onions 610; 
Peeters IF LXXLX 31-32 (no traces of 
labiovelar in Germanic and Greek); 
Lehmann GED 262; Bammesberger Mom. 
201—202; Griepentrog ]Vurzelnomina 
476-479; Trubaghev ESSJa XXV 
175-177; Kluge-Seebold 580; Orel 
AED 282-283; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*naitjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-naitjan 'to 
treat shamefully, to revile', OE metan 'to 
trample upon, to crush', MLG nlten id., 
OHG mizen id. Related to Skt níndati 'to 
blame, to revile, to despise', Av nald- 'to 
blame, to revile', Gk ovei8o<; 'shame', 
Lith níedéti 'to despise'. Bartholomae 
1034; Torp-Faek 297; Kuiper Masal- 
prásentia 130; Feist 194-195; Mayr- 
hofer II 163-164; Pokorný I 760; Frisk 
II 394; Fraenkel 501; Lehmann GED 
146. 

*nakwadaz ~ *nakwečlaz adj.: Goth 
naqaps 'nakeď, ON nqkkmor id., OE nacod 
id., OFris naked id., MLG naket id., OHG 
nackot id. Identical with Lat núdus id. < 
*nogedho-. Further connected with Hitt 
neku-mant- id., Skt nagná- id., Olr nocht id. 
< *nog"to-, Lith nuógas id., Slav *nagb id. 
Petersson IF XXrV 259; Zupitza Gutt. 
92; Torp-Falk 289; Trautmann BSW 
201; Holthausen AEEW 229; Walde- 
Hofmann II 185; Feist 370; Speght 251; 
Mayrhofer II 126-127; Pokorný I 769; 
Ernout-Meillet II 798; Vries AMEW 
404, 414; Fraenkel 511-512; Onions 
601; Hamp Festschr. Seiler 272 (reconstructs 
*-d- in Lat); Lehmann GED 263; Huld 
Festschr. Puhvel I 88—89; Trubachev 



ESSJa XXII 70-72; Heidermanns 419- 
420; Kluge-Seebold 580; Dybo BSA 130 
(length in Balto-Slavic due to Winters 
law). 

*nakwón sb.m.: ON nokkvi 'small boať, 
OE naca 'boat, bark', OS nako id., OHG 
nahho id. Somehow related to IE *nau- 
'ship', see *nowaz (Bugge PBB XIII 515). 
Maybe borrowed from another Indo- 
European dialect, with substitution of 
*-u- > *-g«-? Lidén SVSVl/l 34 (to Skt 
nága- 'mountain, tree'); Petersson IF 
XXIII 392 (to Slav *nolb 'knife'); Torp- 
Falk 289; Holthausen AEEW 229; 
Pokorný I 770 (follows Lidén); Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 106; Vries AJSEW 414; 
Zalizniak II 228; Kluge- Seebold 579 . 

*naman-líkót adv.: ON nafn-liga 'by 
name', OFris name-lik id., MDu name-like 
id., OHG nama-líhho, nemen-lihho id. De- 
rived from *namon ~ *nam(n)an. Onions 
602. 

*namnibó sb.f: ON nejnd 'nomination, 
levý', MLG nemede jury trial', OHG nem- 
nida 'calling, naming'. Derived from 
*namnjanan. Vries AME1 1 ' 406. 

*namnjanan wk.vb.: Goth namnjan 'to 
name', ON nefna id., OE nemnan id., 
OFris namna, nemna id., OS nemnian id., 
OHG nemnen 'to call, to name'. Derived 
from *namnon. Cf. Gk óvo|.iaívco 'to 
name'. Torp-Falk 294; Holthausen 
AEEW 233-234; Feist 369; Vries AMEW 
406; Frisk II 396; Lehmann GED 262; 
Kluge-Seebold 585. 

*namn5n sb.m.: ON najni 'namesake', 
MLG ge-nanne id., OHG gi-nanno id. 
Derived from *namón ~ *nam(n)an. 
Vries .i/VETT 403. 

*namón ~ *nam(n)an sb.n.: Goth namo 
'name' (pl. namna), ON nafn id., OE nama 
id., OFris nama, noma id., OS namo id., 
OHG namo id. Related to Hitt la-a-man 
id., Toch A ňem, B ňom id., Skt neut. nama 
id., Av naman- id., Arm anun id., Gk 
ovo|ícx id., Phryg onoman-, Alb emer ~ emen 
id. < PAlb *enmen-, Lat nomen id., Olr 
ainmm n- id., OPrus emnes, emmens id., Slav 
*jbme id. (Kuhn K£ I 374). Brugmann 



naraon 



281 



natjan 



Grundrifi 11/ 1 237 (secondary mase); 
Bartholomae 1062-1063; Torp-Falk 
294; Holthausen AEEW 231; Walde- 
Hofmann II 173-174; Feist 369-370; 
Mayrhofer II 153; Pokorný I 321; 
Vries AMEW 403; Zalizniak II 221; 
Frisk II 396-397; Lejeune BSL LXI 38; 
Lehmann GED 262—263; Bammesberger 
Nom. 184; Trubachev ESSJa VIII 
227-228; Toporov PJa I 28-30; Kluge- 
Seebold 581; Orel AED 87, Phrygian 
450; Adams TB 270-271; Dybo BSA 14 
(identical in vocalism with Skt, with the 
shortening of the root vowel in an oxy- 
tonic stem). 

*nanbjanan wk.vb.: Goth ana-nanjyjan 'to 
také courage, to dare', ON nenna 'to 
strive, to háve a heart for', OE nédan 'to 
háve courage, to dare, to venture', OS 
nathian id., OHG nenden id. Factitive/ 
causative of *nenpanan. Falk ANF 
117—118 (prefixal derivative of *andja£)\ 
Schroder Abl. 9 (similar to Falk); Torp- 
Falk 292; Feist 43; Vries ANEW 407; 
Schubert Erw. 69 (denominative); Leh- 
mann GED 31. 

*narwaz adj.: ON sbst. prop. Nqrr, OE 
nearu 'narrow', OS noru id. Structurally 
identical with Lith nafvas, naroa 'honey- 
comb cell', Slav *po-nor~ďb 'worm'. 
Further related to Lith narys 'gnarl, loop, 
sling', neriu, nérti 'to thread, to set'. 
Torp-Falk 294; Trautmann BSW 
196-197; Holthausen AEEW 232-233; 
Pokorný I 976; Fraenkel 495-496; 
Vries ANEJV 405; Onions 603; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 325; Heidermanns 421; 
Kluge-Seebold 582. 

*narwon sb.f: ON island name Nqrva, 
MLG narwe 'scar', OHG narwa, narawa 
'loop, sling, scar'. Derived from *narwaz. 
Torp-Falk 294; Heidermanns 42 1 . 

*nasjan ~ *nasjaz sb.n./m.: ON nes 
'cape, promontory', OE nsss id., MLG 
nes id. Derived from *naso. Torp-Falk 
296; Holthausen AEEW 230; Pokorný I 
755; Onions 607; Vries ANEW 408 (to 
Slav *nos~b 'promontory' which, however, 
is identical with *nosrb 'nose'). 



*nasjanan ~ *nazjanan wk.vb.: Goth 
nasjan 'to savé', OE nerian id., OFris mra 
'to nourish', OS nerian 'to heal, to savé', 
OHG nerien 'to nourish, to heal'. 
Causative of *nesanan. Torp-Falk 296; 
Holthausen AEEW 234; Feist 370; 
Pokorný I 766-767; Ghantraine 733- 
734; Seebold 360; Lehmann GED 146, 
263; Kluge-Seebold 581. 

*nasjandz ~ *nazjandz sb.m.: Goth 
nasjands 'savior', OE neriend id., OS neriand 
id. Lexicalized pres. part. of *nasjanan ~ 
*nazjanan. Kaufmann £dPh XLLX 21— 
22 (calque of Gk aamjp); Feist 371; 
Trutmann Adj. 20, 41—42; Lehmann GED 
263. 

*nasó sb.f: ON nqs 'nose' (o- and z-stem), 
OE nasu id., OFris nose id., MDu nose id., 
OHG nasa id. (o- and /z-stem). An old 
duál. Related to Skt nas-, nasa 'nose', Av 
ndh- id., OLat násum 'nose', OPrus nozy 
id., Lith nósis id., Slav *nos~b id. 
Bartholomae 1067; Torp-Falk 295; 
Trautmann BS][ t 193; Holthausen 
AEEW 232; Pisani Glotta XXVI 276; 
Walde-Hofmann II 145-146; Mayr- 
hofer II 146; Pokorný I 755; Fraenkel 
508; Vries A/VET F415; Zalizniak II 203 
Onions 615; Bammesberger Nom. 195 
Trubachev ESSJa XXV 212-216 
Kluge-Seebold 582-583; Fritz K£ CLX 
14-15. 

*nataz adj.: OE nata- (in empn.), MLG nat 
'weť, OHG naz id. Connected with Skt 
nadl 'river' representing fem. of *nadá-. 
Torp-Falk 291; Weigand apud Heider- 
manns (from *wnataz, to Skt unátti 'to 
spring, to wet, to bauhe'); Krahe IF 
LVIII 209-211; Mayer AlPh VI 
133-142; Mayrhofer II 130; Pokorný I 
759; Lehmann GED 264; Heidermanns 
422; Kluge-Seebold 583. 

*natilón sb.f: Norw dial. netla 'netde', OE 
netele, netel id., MLG nettele id., OHG 
nezzila id. Derived from *naton. Torp- 
Falk 291; Holthausen AEEW 235; 
Onions 608. 

*natjan sb.n.: Goth nati 'neť, ON net id., 
OE nett id., OFris net, nette id., OS netti id., 



natjan 



282 



nauky" anan 



OHG nezzi id. Related to Lat nodus 'knot' 
(Persson Beitrdge 139, 814), see *noto. 
Other parallels are problematic. Torp- 
Falk 291 (to Lat nassa 'wickerbasket with 
a narrow neck' < *nadta); Kluge K^ 
XXV 313 (Lat nodus < *nozdo-)\ Holt- 
hausen AEE\V 235; Walde-Hofmann II 
172-173; Feist 371; Pokorný I 758-759; 
Vries ANEW 408; Zalizniak I 145; 
Onions 608; Lehmann GED 263-264 
(pre-Gmc); Keuge-Seebold 586. 

*natjanan wk.vb.: Goth natjan 'to make 
wet, to moisten', MLG netten id., OHG 
nezzen id. Derived from *nataz. Feist 
371; Lehmann GED 264; Heidermanns 
422; Keuge-Seebold 586. 

*natjón sb.f.: ON netja 'net-like caul of fať, 
OE nette 'net-like caul', OFris nette 're- 
tina'. Derived from *natjan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 235; Vries ANEW 408 
(calque of Lat reticulum 'net, fishing neť). 

*nat5n sb.f.: Norw dial. nata 'nettle', OHG 
nazza id. Close to Skt náda- 'reeď. 
Sůtterlin IF IV 92 (to Gk á8ÍKT| 'nettle' 
< *ndika); Torp-Falk 291; Pokorný I 
759; Vries ANEW Wš; Onions 608. 

*naučti-foančtj6 sb.f: Goth naudi-bandi 
'shackle, manacle, fetter', OFris ned-bende 
'violent, forced fettering', MLG nod-bende. 
Compound of *naudiz and *íanajó. 
Feist 371; C arr Nom. comp. 45; Lehmann 
GED 264-265. 

*naudÍ3az adj.: ON naudigr 'forced, 
unwiHing', MLG nádech id., MHG notec, 
ncetec id. Cf. OE neádi^ness 'obligation'. 
Derived from *naudiz. Vries ANEW 
405. 

*naudÍ3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON naudga 'to 
force, to compel', MDu nodigen id., MHG 
notegen id. Derived from *nauii^az. 
Vries ANEW 405. 

*nau<ti-sundj5 sb.f: ON naud-syn 'need, 
necessity, lawful impedimenť, OFris něd- 
skine 'lawful, impedimenť, MLG noet-schyn 
id. Compound of *naudiz and *sunij5. 
WGmc *-sk- is explained by secondary 
analogies. Carr Nom. comp. 11 (calque 
of Lat sontica causa). 

*naudi-barbo sb.f: Swed nod-thcnf 'press- 



ing need', OE n/í/-á«7íjf'necessity'. Com- 
pound of *naudiz and *parbo. Torp- 
Falk 299. 

*naudi-burftiz sb.f: Goth adj. naudi-pau- 
rjts 'necessary', OFris ned-threft 'pressing 
neeď, OS nod-thurft 'necessity', OHG not- 
durft id. Compound of *naudiz and *purf- 
tiz. Torp-Falk 299; Feist 371; Carr 
Nom. comp. 43; Lehmann GED 264-265; 
Kluge-Seebold 592. 

*nauďiz sb.f: Goth naups 'need', ON naud 
'need, difficulty, distress', OE níd 'need, 
necessity', OFris něd, náth id., OS nod id., 
OHG not id. Might be related to OPrus 
acc. sg. nautin id. (Trautmann APSpr. 
382). Cf. also Lith naudd 'need, advan- 
tage', Slav *nuditi 'to make, to cause', 
*nudja 'need' reflecting *-d(h)- (Osthoff 
Etym. I 355). Forsterman K^ I 238; 
Persson Festschr. Bugge 192 (to ON naumr 
'narrow, close'); Meringer IF XVII 152 
(to ON gnúa 'to rub'); Abrahamson NTU 
VIII 103 (samé as Persson); Torp-Falk 
298-299; Holthausen ^LE£íf 235; Feist 
372; Pokorný I 756; Vries ANEW 405; 
Fraenkel 513; Zalizniak I 151; Onions 
606; Stang LS 39; Lehmann GED 
264-265; Keuge-Seebold 592; Tru- 
baohev ESSJa XXVI 34-39. 

*nautan sb.n.: ON naut 'cattle, ox', OE 
neát id., OHG noz 'cattie'. Close to Lith 
naudii 'use, property', Latv náůda 'money'. 
Related to *neutanan. Cf, on the other 
hand, *naudiz. Torp-Falk 300; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 233; Pokorný I 768; 
Fraenkel 487; Vries ANE]V 406; Zali- 
zniak I 142; Onions 605; Stang LS 39; 
Seebold 361; Lehmann GED 269; Kluge- 
Seebold 314. 

*nautaz sb.m.: ON nautr 'mate, fellow', 
OE 3e-neát 'companion, associate, vassal', 
OFris nat 'companion, fellow', OS ge-not 
id., OHG gi-noz. Derived from *neutanan. 
Torp-Falk 300; Vries ANEW 406. 

*nautjanan wk.vb.: ON myta 'to use, to 
enjoy, to consume', OFris něta 'to utilize', 
MDu noten 'to use'. Causative of *neu- 
tanan. Vries ANEW 408; Seebold 361. 

*naubjanan ~ *naudjanan wk.vb.: 



naupjanan 



283 



neftiz 



Goth naupjan 'to compel, to force', ON 
neyda id., OE niedan id., OFris nedá id., 
OS nodian 'to neeď, OHG noten id. 
Derived from *nauiiz. Torp-Falk 299; 
Holthausen AEEW 235; Feist 372; 
Vries AMEW 408; Kluge-Seebold 592. 

*nawiz sb.m.: Goth naus 'dead man, 
corpse', ON nár id., OE ni, neó id. 
Related to Lith nové 'oppression, death', 
Latv náve 'death', OPrus nowis 'body, 
stump', Slav *navb 'corpse' (Grienberger 
Got. 164). Kuhn KZ I 137 (to Gk véxoq 
'corpse'); Pott KZ I 395; Zupitza Gutt. 
76; Torp-Falk 295; Trautmann BSW 
201; Holthausen AEEW 232; Feist 372; 
Pokorný I 756; Dybo VSJa 25-26 (pre- 
tonic shortening of *a in Gmc); Che- 
modanov SGGJa I 67; Fraenkel 509; 
Vries AMEW 405; Stang LS 39; 
Lindeman Verscharfung 16.20; Lehmann 
GED 264; Schrijver LL 352-353 (fol- 
lovvs Dybo); Gamkrelidze-Ivanov II 825 
(to *nówaz); Trubachev ESSJa XXIV 
49-52. 

*ne ptcl.: Goth ni 'not', ON ní id., OE ne 
id., OFris ni, ne id., OS ni, ne id., OHG 
ni, ne id. Identical wiuh Skt ná id., Av na- 
(with enclitics), Lat ne- (in cmpn.), Olr 
ni, Lith ni id., Slav *ne id. (Brugmann 
Grundrifi 11/ 3 977). Short variant of *ne. 
The univerbated *ne ainaz (ON neinn 
'any', OE nim 'no one, none', OFris nén, 
nán id., OS něn 'not', OHG nein id.) is 
structurally close to Lat non 'noť< *ne- 
oino-. Another univerbation (Goth niba, 
nibai 'if not, but not, unless', ON nefa 'if 
noť, OS něha id., nebo, OHG nibu id.) 
reminds Slav *ne bo 'for, because, or'. As 
to *ne ke (OS nec 'and noť), it can be 
identical with Lith négi id. (Holthausen 
KZ XLVII 309). Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 
156; Torp-Falk 288; Trautmann BS]V 
194-195; Holthausen AEEW 231-232; 
Walde-Hofmann II 150-151, 157 (Lat 
*neg(i) reconstructed from nego); Feist 
374-375; Mayrhofer II 120; Pokorný I 
756; Chemodanov SGGJa I 86; Fraenkel 
488-489; Vries AMEW 406-407; Onions 
605, 613; Lehmann GED 265-266; 



Trubachev ESSJa XXIV 91-93; Kluge- 
Seebold 585. 

*nebuló ~ *nebulaz sb.f./m.: ON njól 
'nighť, OE adj. neowol, nifol 'prone, pros- 
trate, deep down, profounď, OFris nevil 
'fog, misť, OS nebal id., OHG nebul id. 
Together widi Gk veipéAri 'clouď, Lat 
nebula id. derived from IE *nebh-, *nebh-es: 
Hitt nepiš 'sky', Skt nábhas- 'vapor, cloud, 
misť, Av nabah- 'air, sky', Gk vétpo^ 
'cloud, fog', Olr nem 'sky', Lith debesis 
'clouď, Slav *nebo 'sky'. Ploix MSL IV 
415, 421; Bartholomae 1040; Pedersen 
Kelt. Gr. I 255; Torp-Falk 293; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 236, PBB LXVI 273; 
Walde-Hofmann II 151-152; Porzig 
Gliederung 1 90; Mayrhofer II 1 34; 
Pokorný I 315; Fraenkel 85; Vries 
AMEW 409-410; Zalizniak II 175; Frisk 
II 309-310; Chantraine II 748; Tru- 
bachev ESSJa XXIV 101-104; Hetder- 
manns 423-424; Kluge-Seebold 584. 

*nefoct(z) sb.m.: ON nefi 'cognate kins- 
man', OE nefa 'grandson, nephew', OFris 
neva id., OS nebo id., OHG nevo 'nephew, 
relative'. Etymologically close to Skt nápát 
'offspring, son, grandson', Av napat- 
'grandson', Lat nepas id., OLith nepuotis id. 
Bartholomae 1039; Torp-Falk 292; 
Trautmann BS] I" 1 96; Holthausen AEE] I ' 
233; Walde-Hofmann II 161-162; May- 
rhofer II 132-133; Pokorný I 764; Fra- 
enkel 494; Vries AMEW 406; Zalizniak 
I 154; Onions 607; Bammesberger Mom. 
186-187; Kluge-Seebold 584. 

*neftiz sb.f: ON nipt 'female relative, sis- 
ter' (contamination with o-stem), OE nift 
'granddaughter, niece', OFris nift 'niece', 
MLG nichte id., OHG nift, nifta 'niece, 
step-daughter'. Close to Skt naptl- 'daugh- 
ter, granddaughter', Av napti- 'grand- 
daughter', Lat neptis id., Olr necht 'niece', 
OLith nepte 'granddaughter' (Grimm KZ I 
434). Further connected with *nefod(z). 
Bartholomae 1039; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 
93; Torp-Falk 292; Buga RFV LXV 
329; Trautmann BS]V 196; Holthausen 
AEEW 236; Walde-Hofmann II 161; 
Mayrhofer II 133; Pokorný I 764; 



neftiz 



284 



neujaz 



Fraenkel 494; Vries ANEW 410; Zaliz- 
niak II 214; Onions 609; Szemerényi 
Kinship 53; Kluge-Seebold 587. 

*nemanan str.vb.: Goth niman 'to také', 
ON nemá id., OE niman id., OFris nemá 
id., OS niman id., OHG neman id. Related 
to Gk vé|ico 'to deal out, to distribute'. 
Hirt Idg. Gr. I 328 (to Lat emó 'to buy', 
Lith imú, imti 'to také'); Torp-Falk 293; 
Meillet BSL XXXIV/103 69-70 (from 
*ni- and *em- as in Lat emo 'to také'); 
Meringer IF XVIII 238-240; Feist 
375-376; Holthausen AEEW 236; 
Jóhannesson IEW 692; Pokorný I 763; 
Vries ANEW 407; Onions 611; Frisk II 
302-304; Benveniste IEL 67-69; See- 
bold 357-359; Lehmann GED 266-267; 
Kluge-Seebold 585. 

*nemeflaz sb.m.: OFrank nimid 'holý 
grove'. Related to or borrowed from Cel- 
tic: Gaul vejitiTOV 'sacellum', Olr nemed 
'holiness'. Torp-Falk 294; Pokorný I 
764. 

*nenbanan str.vb.: OHG pret. gi-nand 'to 
strive'. Related to Toch A nati 'might, 
strength', Olr néit 'battie' < *nanh-. Torp- 
Falk 292; Pokorný I 755; Vendryes 
N-7; Seebold 359; Lehmann GED 31. 

*nesanan str.vb.: Goth ga-nisan 'to re- 
cover, to be saveď, OE nesán 'to escape', 
OS gi-nesan id., OHG gi-nesan 'to become 
healuhy'. Related to Toch A nos-, B nes- 
'to be', Skt násate 'to approach, to join', 
Gk véouai 'to return' (Meillet JA XVII 
456). Torp-Falk 296; Feist 195-196; 
Holthausen AEEW 234; Jóhannesson 
IEW 693-694; Mayrhofer II 146; 
Pokorný I 766-767; Vries ANEW 405; 
Frisk II 304-306; Seebold 359-360; 
Lehmann GED 146; Kluge-Seebold 313; 
Adams TB 344-346. 

*nestan sb.n.: ON nést 'provisions, viands', 
OE nést 'provisions, victuals', OHG wega- 
nest 'provisions for journey'. Derived from 
*nesanan. Torp-Falk 296; Holthausen 
AEEW 234; Vries ANEW 408; Seebold 
359; Lehmann GED 146; Bammesberger 
Nom. 78. 

*nestiz sb.f: Goth ga-nists 'salvation', OS 



gi-níst 'release, salvation', OHG gi-nist 'cure, 
healing'. Derived from *nesanan. Cf. also 
*nestan. Feist 195—196; Seebold 359; 
Lehmann GED 146; Bammesberger Nom. 
143. 

*nestjan sb.n.: ON nisti 'brooch, pin'. 
Probably, to *natjan. Walde-Hofmann 
II 172-173; Vries ANEW 408. 

*nestjanan wk.vb.: ON nesta, nista 'to pin, 
to nail fasť, OE nestán 'to spin', MHG 
nesten 'to tie, to lace up'. Derived from 
*nestjan. Torp-Falk 296; Holthausen 
AEEW 234; Vries ANEW 408. 

*neuxsjanan wk.vb.: Goth bi-niuhsjan 'to 
spy ouť, ON nýsa 'to pry, to enquire', 
OE neós(i)an 'to search out, to find ouť, 
OS niusian 'to investigate', OHG niusen 'to 
work on smťh.'. Close to Slav *n'uxati 'to 
smelT < *neuks- (Dtefenbaoh FIT II 116). 
Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 267 (samé as 
Ddífenbaoh); Grienberger Got. 48 (to 
*neujaz); Brugmann IF XIII 153-155 (to 
Skt návate 'to go, to move'); Torp-Falk 
299; Holthausen K^ LXLX 116-117, 
AEEW 234; Feist 93-94; Pokorný I 
768-769; Chemodanov SGGJa I 81; 
Vries ANEW 413; Stang LS 40; 
Lehmann GED 7 1 . 

*neujanan wk.vb.: Goth ana-niujan 'to 
renew', OESc ater-nya id., OS niwian id., 
OHG niuwen id. Derived from *neujaz. 
Structurally close to Slav *noviti 'to renew, 
to make new'. Feist 377; Vrtes ANEW 
412; Heidermanns 426; Trubachev 
ESSJa XXV 232-233. 

*neujaz adj.: Goth niujis 'new', ON nýr id., 
OE níwe id., OFris ni, nle id., OS niuwi 
id., OHG niuwi id. Identical with Skt 
návya- 'new, young', Gk veíoq 'new', Olr 
núe id., Lith naújas id. Further related to 
IE *neuo-\ Hitt neua- id., Toch A ňu, B 
ňuwe id., Skt nava- 'new, fresh, young', Gk 
véoc; id., Lat nouus id., OLith navas id., 
Slav *nom id. (Grimm K'Z I 433). 
Karsten NB II 370; Torp-Falk 298; 
Trautmann BSW 194; Feist 377-378; 
Holthausen AEEW 236; Walde- 
Hofmann II 181; Porzig Festschr. De- 
brunner 343—349, Gliederung 203; Mayr- 



neujaz 



285 



ne 



hofer II 144-145; Pokorný I 769; 
Buga II 502; Fraenkel 487-488; Vries 
ANE]V 412; Frisk II 297-298, 306-307; 
Onions 608; Lindeman Verschárfung 16.21; 
Lehmann GED 267—268; Bammesberger 
Nom. 255; Heidermanns 425-426; Kluge- 
Seebold 587; Trubaghev ESSJa XXVI 
9-13; Adams TB 269; Burlak IFTJa 
244. 

*neujun3Ď sb.f.: ON nýjung 'novelty, 
news', OHG niuwunga 'renewal'. Derived 
from *neujaz. Heidermanns 426. 

*neur(j)5n sb.n.: ON nýra 'kidney', ME 
nére id., MLG nére id., OHG nioro id. 
Continues *neg"hro-. Related to Gk pl. 
vecppoí id., Lat Praenestine pl. nefrones 
'kidneys, testicles' (Bugge BB III 105; 
Walde IF XLX 102). Fay Festschr. 
Bloomfield 140 (to IE *(s)neu- 'to drip'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 100; Torp-Falk 289; 
Walde-Hofmann II 156-157; Pokorný I 
319; Vries ANEW 413; Zalizniak II 217; 
Frisk II 310; Onions 505; Szemerényi 
IBKXV 193-194 (related to Lat rěn 'kid- 
ney' < *regno- metathesized from *negro-)\ 
Kxuge-Seebold 588. 

*neutanan str.vb.: Goth niutan 'to attain, 
to enjoy', ON njóta 'to use, to enjoy', OE 
neótan id., OFris niata id., OS pres. niotan 
id., OHG niozan 'to make use oP. See 
*nautan. Thurneysen Kž^ XXX 562 (to 
Lat nútrio 'to suckle, to feeď); Torp-Falk 
299-300; Meringer IF XVIII 235 (to 
Skt nudáti 'to push, to impel, to remove'); 
Feist 379; Holthausen AEEW 234; 
Jóhannesson IESV 688-689; Pokorný I 
768; Chemodanov SGGJa I 77; Vries 
ANEW 410; Onions 605; Seebold 361; 
Lehmann GED 269; Kluge-Seebold 
313-314. 

*neuwanan ~ *núwanan str.vb.: Goth 
b-nauan 'to rub' (secondary -au- < *-o-), 
ON núa id., OHG (h)niuwan 'to pulverize, 
to grinď. Related to Skt návale 'to turn', 
Gk veiJto 'to nod, to wave', Lat nud id. 
Grienberger Got. 52 (reconstructs Goth 
*hnauan = Gk kvdco 'to scratch'); Torp- 
Falk 298 (to Skt ksnáuti 'to whet, to 
sharpen'); Meringer IF XVII 150-151 



(to *nowaz); Kretschmer Glotta II 353 
Feist 101-102 (to IE *nau- 'to tormenť) 
Pokorný I 767; Vries ANEW 46 
Lehmann GED 77. 

*neuwójanan wk.vb.: OHG niuwSn 'to 
make new, to renew'. Derived from *neu- 
jaz. Structurally identical with Hitt 
neuahh- id., Gk veó.to id., Lat (re)nouáre id. 
Walde-Hofmann II 181; Frisk II 297- 
298; Lehmann GED 268. 

*newun num.: Goth niun 'nine', ON níu 
id., OE ni^on id., OFris nigun id., OS nigun 
id., OHG niun id. Continues IE *(e)neun 
id.: Toch AB ňu, Skt nava, Arm inn, Gk 
évvéa, Lat novem, Olr not n-, Lith devyni, 
Slav *devefi>. Torp-Falk 295; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 236; Sghulze Kl. Schr. 
496; Walde-Hofmann II 179-180; Feist 
378-379; Porzig Gluderung 155; Mayr- 
hofer II 141-142; Pokorný I 318-319 
Nehrdíg Sprache VIII 130; Fraenkel 92 
Vries ANEW 410; Frisk I 519-520 
Onions 611; Lindeman Verschárfung 16.21 
Lehmann GED 268-269; Trubachev 
ESSJa IV 222-223; Ross-Berns Numerah 
589-590; Kluge-Seebold 587; Adams 
TB 268; Burlak IFTJa 244. 

*newundiz num.: ON níund 'body of 
nine'. Derived from *newun. Deriva- 
tionally close to Skt navátí- 'nine tens', 
Slav *devetb 'nine'. Torp-Falk 295; 
Pokorný I 318-319. 

*newundon ~ *newun{5Ón ord. num.: 
Goth niunda 'ninth', ON níundi id., OE 
ni^oda id., OFris nigunda id., OS nigundo, 
nigudo id., OHG niunto id. Derived from 
*newun. Structurally similar to Toch B 
ňunte id., Gk Ěvaxoq id., Alb nehte ~ nand 
id., OPrus newints id., Lith deviňtas id., 
Slav *devetb id. and the like, from *neunto. 
Torp-Falk 295; Holthausen AEEh' 
236; Sturtevant AfZJVXL 25-27; Feist 
378-379; Pokorný 1318-319; Fraenkel 
92; Vries AMW 410; Frisk I 519-520; 
Lehmann GED 268; Trubachev ESSJa 
IV 222; Ross-Berns Numerah 630-631; 
Orel AED 291-292; Adams TB 269. 

*ně ptal.: Goth ne 'no, nay'. Related to Skt 
na 'noť, Lat ne 'not, lest', Olr ní 'noť, 



ne 



286 



nemiz 



Slav *ně 'noť. Walde-Hofmann II 
150-151; Feist 373; Mayrhofer II 120 
(on "Ved na 'not'"); Pokorný I 757; 
Onions 605; Trubachev ESSJa XXIV 
91-93. 

*něbró ~ *něbriz sb.f.: ON nesfr 'birch 
bark', MLG dever id. (with assimilation in 
the anlaut). Probably related to Lith 
něbesís 'weakling'. Torp-Falk 293 (to 
Skt nábhate 'to burst, to tear'); Fraenkel 
489—490 (Lith ríěbesis built on nebe 'now 
more'); Adams TB 441 (to Toch B mapě 
'ripe'). 

*nědrón ~ *nadrón sb.f.: ON ňadra 
'adder, viper, snake', OE ntedre id., OS 
ňadra id., OHG nátara, nátra id. An ablaut 
variant of *ncutraz (Fick I 504). Torp- 
Falk 291-292; Holthausen AEEW 230; 
Zalizniak II 183; Onions 1 1-12; Kluge- 
Seebold 583. 

*něxw(a) adv.: Goth nehi 'near', ON ná- 
ligr id., OE neáh id., OFris na id., OS náh 
id., OHG nah id. An old compound of 
*ne- ~ *no (cf. Lith nuo 'from', Slav *na 
'on') and *ok"- ~ *&"- 'eye, sighť 
(Brugmann Grundúfi II/2 799). Cf. in par- 
ticular Lith pranókti 'to ferry across', Latv 
nákt 'to get ťhere' (Zupitza Gutt. 66—67). 
Wood PBB XXIV 530 (to *nó 3 az ~ 
*noxaz); Endzelin Latyš. předl. I 127-129, 
KZ LXII 23-28; Torp-Falk 289-290; 
Fay IF XXXIII 352 (from *enek- 
'nectere'); Trautmann BS1V 200; 
Sturtevant JEGP XXX 157 (on to in 
Goth); Holthausen AEEW 232; Feist 
373; Olson^UVFXXXI 10-12; Pokorný 
I 40; Fraenkel 511; Vries AMEW 
402-403; Onions 610; Lehmann GED 
265 (to Skt nášati 'to draw near, to 
arrive'); Bammesberger Mom. 257-258; 
Kluge- Seebold 579, 581. 

*něxwa-frij5nčtz sb.m.: ON ná-friendi 
'near kinsman', OE neáh-freónd 'near 
friend, near relation'. Compound of 
*nexw(a) and *Jřijondz. Carr Mom. comp. 
87 (parallel formations). 

*něxwa-lÍ3az ~ *něxwa-li3Ón adj.: ON 
ná-ligr 'near', OHG náh-líhho 'almosť. De- 
rived from *nexw(a). Vries AMEW 404. 



*něxwa-mě3az sb.m.: ON ná-mágr 'near 
relative by marriage', OE neáh-mé 3 'near 
kinsman', MLG námáge id. Compound of 
*něxw(a) and *me^az. Carr Mom. comp. 
86 (parallel formations). 

*něxwa-westiz sb.f: ON ná-vist 'pres- 
ence', OE neáh-west 'nearness, neighbor- 
hooď. Compound of *nexw(a) and *westiz 
I. Torp-Falk 290; Carr Mom. comp. 58. 

*něxwěnan ~ *něxwjanan wk.vb.: ON 
na 'to reach, to geť, OE ^e-né^an 'to 
approach', OHG nahen id. Derived from 
*něxw(a). Zupitza Gutt. 191; Torp-Falk 
290; Holthausen AEEir 232; Feist 373; 
Vries ÁMEW 402-403; Lehmann GED 
265. 

*něxwun<15 sb.f: ON nand 'neighbor- 
hood, proximity', OHG adv. náhunt 
'recently'. Cf. Goth nehjundja 'neighbor'. 
Derived from *něxw(a). Feist 373; 
Vries AME1 V 405. 

*nějanan wk.vb.: MLG neien 'to sew', 
OHG náien, na(w)en id. Etymologically 
related to Gk v éro 'to spin', Lat ne o id. < 
*neid. Torp-Falk 288; Walde-Hofmann 
II 159-160; Mayrhofer III 534 (on 
Dhatup. Skt snayati 'to wrap'); Pokorný I 
973; Frisk II 311-312; Onions 606. 

*něman sb.n.: Goth anda-nem 'receiving, 
acceptance', ON nám 'learning, study', 
OE fem. nám 'seizure of property'. Long 
grade derivative of *nemanan. Cf. with the 
samé ablaut grade Toch B ňemek 'harvesť 
< *něm-oko- (Adams TB 271). Torp- 
Falk 293; Holthausen AEE]V 231; Feist 
47; Vries AMEW 404; Seebold 358; 
Lehmann GED 34-35; Bammesberger 
Mom. 63. 

*němiz adj.: Goth anda-nems 'acceptable, 
pleasanť, ON niemr 'keen, sharp, quick at 
learning', MLG an-name 'acceptable', 
OHG námi id. Derived from *nemanan. 
Karsten MB I 96-97; Torp-Falk 
293-294; Wissmann MP 113; Feist 47; 
Pokorný I 763-764; Vries AMEW 413; 
Seebold 358; Bammesberger Mom. 260— 
261; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 99-100, 
117, Á-^CV 108; Heidermanns 424-425; 
Kluge-Seebold 39, 312. 



nemjanan 



287 



nipjaz 



*němjanan wk.vb.: ON metna 'to bereave, 
to deprive', OE ^e-néman 'to také away'. 
Derived from *něman. Holthausen 
AEEW 230; Vries ANEW 413. 

*něbanan str.vb.: Goth nipan 'to help, to 
support'. Identical with Skt náthate 'to ask 
for help' (Fick I 96). Fowkes Language 
XXIII 420-421 (to Olr snad- 'to pro- 
téct'); Torp-Falk 291; Feist 376; 
Mayrhofer II 151-152; Pokorný I 754; 
Seebold 360 (Goth -i- for -e-)\ Lehmann 
GED 267. 

*něj5ló sb.f: Goth nepla 'needle', ON nál 
id., OE nédl id., OFris nedle id., OS nadla 
id., OHG nadala id. Derived from 
% nejanan. Torp-Falk 288; Kluge Nom. 
Stamm. 52; Holthausen AEEW 229-230; 
Feist 374; Pokorný I 973; Vries ANEW 
404; Zalizniak I 147; Onions 606; 
Trubachev Etim. 34-36, Rem. 114-115 
(close to Slav *snovadlo 'wooden plank in 
weaving', a thematized variant of *(s)neu- 
tlo-); Lehmann GED 265; Kluge-Seebold 
580. 

*něj5Ď sb.f: ON nád 'rest, quietness, peace', 
OFris náthe 'mercy, grace', OS nátha 
'mercy, grace', OHG gi-náda id. Related 
to Skt nátha- 'refuge, reliéf, help'. Derived 
from *něpanan. Torp-Falk 291; Pokorný 
I 754. 

*niclw6 sb.f: Goth nidwa 'růst, decay'. 
From *ni-tuá, a derivative of IE *ni- 
'down' (Grienberger Got. 166: 'rusť as 
'sediment', 'deposit on iron'). Osthoff 
IF V 299-301 (to Skt rula- 'dark blue, 
black, of a dark color', Lat niko 'to glit- 
ter, to shine'); Lidén Studien 60 (samé as 
Osthoff); Falk ANF V 111; Torp-Falk 
298; Feist 375; Pokorný I 312-313; 
Vries ANEW 409; Lehmann GED 266. 

*nikwiz ~ *nikwuz sb.m.: ON nykr 
'water goblin, grey water-horse', OE nicor 
'water monster, hippopotamus', MLG 
necker 'water spirit, water animal', OHG 
nihhus 'crocodile' (mase, neut.). Related 
to Skt nénekti 'to wash, to cleanse', Gk 
víi^o) 'to wash', Olr nigid id. Zupitza 
Gutt. 92; Torp-Falk 297; Holthausen 
AEEW235; Mayrhofer II 179; Pokorný 



I 761; Zalizniak II 171; Frisk II 
319-320; Onions 609; Bammesberger 
Nom. 213; Kluge-Seebold 590. 

*nistan sb.n.: OE nést 'nesť, MLG nést id., 
OHG nést id. Identical wiuh Toch B lesto 
'nesť, Skt nidá- 'resting-place, abode, 
nesť, Arm nist 'pláce, location, residence', 
Lat nídus 'nesť, Mír net id., Liťh lizdas id. 
(with irregular /-), Slav *gnizdo id., with 
irregular anlaut and *-ě- < *-oi- (Schulze 
KZ XL 415). Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 88, 
419; Torp-Falk 297; Holthausen 
AEEW 234; Walde-Hofmann II 167 
168; Mayrhofer II 171-172; Pokorný I 
887; Fraenkel 383; Onions 607; Van 
Windekens 261, LP XXV 13-15 (con- 
nects Toch B lesto with OPruss lasto 'beď 
< *les- 'weak'); Bammesberger Nom. 55; 
Kluge-Seebold 586. 

*nibaně adv.: ON nedán 'from beneath, 
from below', OE neodan, neooane 'down, 
beneath, below', OS nithana id., OHG 
nidana id. Derived from *nipaz. Torp- 
Falk 297; Holthausen AEEW 237; 
Vries ANE1\ r 406; Onions 88; Kluge- 
Seebold 588. 

*ni]3az adj.: OE superl. nibemest 'lowesť, 
OFris bi-nitha 'beneath', OS nithe id., 
OHG nida 'underneauY. Derived from IE 
*ni- 'down'. Torp-Falk 297; Pokorný I 
312-313. 

*nij)jaz sb.m.: Goth nipjis 'relative, kins- 
man', ON niSr 'son, kinsman', OE pl. 
niůdas 'men'. Identical with Skt nítya- 
'continual, perpetual, one's own' (Schulze 
KZ XL 412-413). Walde KZ XXXIV 
495-496 (from *neptio-); Meillet BSL 
XXX 51, Etudes 393 (samé as Walde); 
Torp-Falk 292; Brugmann IF XXXIII 
304 (close to Schulze); Holthausen 
AEEW 237; Feist 376-377 Fraenkel 
ZfslavPh XX 62-63, KZ XLII 260; 
Mayrhofer II 162-163; Pokorný I 311; 
Benveniste Hitt. 104 (follows Schulze); 
Vries ANEW 409; Zalizniak I 138 (from 
Slav *netijb 'nephew'); Mezger KZ LXXI 
118; Martynov Jazyk 23-24 (samé as 
Zalizniak); Lehmann GED 267; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 84. 



nibo 



288 



nomjanan 



*nij3Ó ~ *nij)an sb.f./n.: ON nid 'the 
wane of the moon', OE nid 'abyss'. Sub- 
stantivized *nipaz. Holthausen AEEW 
237; Vries ANEW 408. 

*nibr(a) adv.: ON niir 'down', OE nider 
'down, beneath, below', OFris nither, neder 
id., OS nithar id., OHG nidar id. See *niprdn. 
Torp-Falk 297; Holthausen AEEW 237; 
Vries ANEW 409; Kxuge-Seebold 588. 

*nibrai adv.: ON nidri 'down, beneath', 
OE nidere id., OHG nidaro id. Derived 
from *nipr(a). Torp-Falk 297. 

*nibr5n adj.: ON nedři 'lower', OE neoiera 
id., OFris nithera id., OS nithiri id., OHG 
nidari id. Comparative form based on IE 
*ni- 'down', cf. Skt nitaram 'downwards'. 
Further see *nipane. Holthausen AEE]\' 
237; Mayrhofer II 162; Pokorný I 312; 
Onions 608. 

*nibr5janan wk.vb.: ON nidra 'to put 
down', OE ni&erian 'to bring low', OFris 
nithria, netheria 'to abase', OS nitharon id. 
Derived from *nipr(a). Holthausen 
AEEW 237; Vries ANEW 409. 

*ni(t) ptcl.: Goth nei 'not', ON ni id. 
Continues an earlier *ne it related to Skt 
net, nei 'absolutely noť, Av noit id. 
(Osthoff PBB VIII 312) or to Lat ni 
'noť, Olr ní id., Lith nei 'nor, than', Slav 
*ni 'nor'. Bartholomae 1072-1079 
Torp-Falk 288; Zubatý IF IV 471 
Walde-Hofmann II 166; Feist 373-374: 
Mayrhofer II 120; Pokorný I 757 
Vries ANEW 408; Fraenkel 491 
Trubachev ESSJa XXV 106-107. 

*níj5an ~ *ni]3az sb.n./m.: Goth neip 
'envy, špite', ON nid 'libel', OE níS 'envy, 
hatred, enmity', OFris nith 'envy, hatreď, 
OS nith 'enmity, hatreď, OHG nid 
'wrath, hatreď. Close to W nwyd 'passion 

< *nei-to-, Olr nith 'combať < *ni-tu- and 
Toch B ňyatse 'danger, plague, distress' 

< *nítio- (Hilmarsson TIES V 137-139). 
Further related to *naitjanan. Torp-Falk 
297-298; Holthausen AEEW 237; Feist 
374; Pokorný I 760; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 97; Vries A/VET T 409; Zalizniak 
II 171; Onions 611; Lehmann GED 265; 
Kluge-Seebold 585; Adams TB 273. 



*ní]3Janan wk.vb.: ON niia 'to libel, to 
revile', OHG niden 'to revile'. Derived 
from *nipan ~ *nipaz. Torp-Falk 298; 
Holthausen AEEW 237; Vries Aj^Elť 
409. 

*nóbriz adj.: ON ncejř 'clever, skilleď, G 
dial. niieber 'lively, sprighť (von Bahder 
IF XIV 260). Identical with Arm nurb 
'narrow, thin, sharp' (Lidén Arm. St. 64— 
65). von Bahder IF XrV 260; Torp- 
Falk 292, 569; Pokorný I 973-974; 
Solta Arm. 440; Vries ANEW 414; 
Hetdermanns 427-428. 

*no3a-líkaz adj.: ON g-nóg-ligr 'abundanť, 
OFris noge-lik 'befitting, adequate'. 
Derived from *no3az ~ *noxaz. Heider- 

MANNS 428. 

*nÓ3az ~ *nóxaz adj.: Goth ga-nohs 
'enough, sufficienť, ON^-ho^' id., OE 3c- 
nÓ3 id., OFris e-nóch id., OS gi-nog id., 
OHG gi-nuog id. Related to *naxa. 
Torp-Falk 289; Feist 196; Vries ANEW 
180; Onions 315; Seebold 355; Leh- 
mann GED 70; Matzel KZ CV 118-119; 
Hetdermanns 428-429; Kluge-Seebold 
314; Fsluge-Seebold 314. 

*no3Ípó sb.f: ON ncegd 'plenty, abun- 
dance', OHG gi-nuogida 'sufEciency'. 
Derived from *no3az ~ *noxaz. Vries 
ANEJV4-14; Heidermanns 428. 

*nÓ3Janan ~ *nóxjanan wk.vb.: Goth 
ga-nohjan 'to satisfy, to satiate', ON g-n 
'to be enough, to suffice', OHG gi-n 
'to be present in abundance'. Derived 
from *no3az ~ *noxaz. Torp-Falk 289; 
Feist 196; Vries ANEW 181; Heider- 
manns 428. 

*no3Jaz adj.: ON sbst. nagi 'contentmenť, 
OHG gi-nuogi 'suíficient, rich'. Derived 
from *iio3<jz ~ *noxaz. Heidermanns 
428. 

*nómjanan wk.vb.: OFris nomia 'to 
name', MLG nomen id., MHG be-nuomen 
id. Derived from *namon ~ *nam(n)an with 
the long grade attested outside Germanic 
in Lat nomen and Skt naman- 'name', Av 
naman- id. Bartholomae 1062-1063; 
Walde-Hofmann II 173-174; Mayr- 
hofer II 153; Pokorný I 321; Onions 



nomjanan 



289 



nurl)ro(n) 



602; Dybo BSA 14 (traces of the bary- 
tonic variant without shortening). 

*n5s5 sb.f.: Norw nos 'muzzle, snouť, OE 
nose, nosu 'ness, promontory'. Connected 
with *naso. Retains the originál long 
vocalism of nom. sg. *nas-. Torp-Falk 
295; Holthausen AEEIT 238; Pokorný I 
755. 

*nótó sb.f.: ON not 'neť. Etymologically 
close to Lat nSdus 'knot' (Brugmann 
Tot. 60). See *natjan. Torp-Falk 291; 
Walde-Hofmann II 172-173; Krahe 
SuV 76; Pokorný I 535; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 88; Vries ANEW 412; Onions 
608; Darms Vrddhi 308-310; Lehmann 
GED 263; Griepentrog IVurzelnomina 
454-457. 

*nówaz sb.m.: ON nor 'ship'. Related to 
Skt náu- id., Gk vaíx;, Hom vr\\)q id., Lat 
nauis id., Olr nau id. Persson UUA 
1891 142 (to IE *sneu- 'to flow'); 
Meringer IF XVII 1 49 (to *neuwanan ~ 
*núwanan); Torp-Falk 288-289; Holt- 
hausen AEE\V 238; Walde-Hofmann II 
148-149; Mayrhofer II 181; Pokorný I 
755-756; Szemerényi KZ LXXIII 185- 
187; Vries ANEW AU; Zalizniak II 228; 
Frisk II 292-293. 

*nu adv.: Goth nu 'now', ON nú id., OE nú 
id., OFris nu id., OS nu id., OHG nu, no 
id. Related to Hitt nu 'now', Toch A nu, 
B no 'however, buť, Skt nú, nu 'now, now 
then, certainly', Av nu 'now', Gk vu, vúv 
'now', Olr nu, nú 'now', Lith nu id., Slav 
*m> 'and, buť. Cf. also the univerbation 
of *nu xwe > Goth nauh 'still, yeť, OFris 
noch id., OS noh id., OHG noh id. 
Schmidt Plur. 219 (on the alternation *u: 
*ú); Osthoff Morph. Unt. IV 272-274, 
351; Kretschmer KZ XXXI 337; Bar- 
tholomae 1088-1089; Brugmann IF 
XXXIII 175; Torp-Falk 298; Traut- 
mann BS] 1/201; Holthausen AEE] V 239 
Feist 371, 380; Mayrhofer II 175-176 
Pokorný I 770; Fraenkel 509-510 
Vries AMEW 412; Frisk II 325; Onions 
616; Lůhr MSS XXXrV 80-81; Leh- 
mann GED 264, 269; Kluge-Seebold 
590, 593-594; Trubachev ESSJa XXVI 



50-51; Adams TB 347; Burlak IFTJa 
247. 

*nuxtiz sb.f.: ON g-nótt 'abundance, 
plenty', OE $e-nyht id. (fem., neut.), OHG 
gi-nuht id. Derived from *naxa (with a sec- 
ondary analogical vowel). Torp-Falk 
289; Vries ANEW 180; Seebold 355; 
Bammesberger Nom. 142. 

*numj5n sb.m.: Goth arbi-numja 'heir, 
inheritor', OHG not-numeo 'robber'. De- 
rived from *nemanan. Feist 56; Seebold 
358; Bammesberger Nom. 182. 

*numon sb.m.: ON her-numi ' captive' ', jull- 
numi 'practised, experienceď, OE irfe-numa 
'heir', OFris erf-noma id., OHG sigi-nomo 
'winner'. Derived from *nananan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 239; Vries ANEW 412; 
Seebold 358; Bammesberger Nom. 177. 

*numtiz ~ *numtó sb.f: Goth anda- 
numts 'acceptance', OHG nwnft 'robbery'. 
Goes back to *nemanan. Bahder Verba- 
labstr. 72 (Goth -mt- < *-mfí-); Schulze 
KZ XLII 92; Brugmann Grundriji I 386 
(new formation); Feist 47; Seebold 358; 
Lehmann GED 35 (agrees with Bahder). 

*nurbaně adv.: ON nordan 'from the 
North', OE nordan id., MLG norden 
'northwards', OHG nordana id. Derived 
from *nurpaz. Holthausen AEE] V 238; 
Vries ANEW 411. 

*nurj5a-we3az sb.m.: ON Nor-egr 
'Norway', OE nord-we^ 'way to the 
North'. Cf. also MLat Northwegia. 
Compound of *nurpaz and *we^az. 
Vries ANEW 411. 

*nurpaz sb.m.: ON nordr 'North', OE adv. 
nord 'northwards', OFris adv. north id., 
OS adv. north id., OHG nord 'North' 
(mase., neut.). Related to Gk vép-9e(v) 
'from beneath', vépxepo<; 'underground', 
Umbr nertru 'sinistro' (Bugge BB III 105: 
together wiur Skt naraka- 'hell', Gk évepoi 
'those below, those beneath the earth'). 
Torp-Falk 295; Holthausen AEEW 
238; Huisman KZ LXXI 100; Pokorný I 
765-766; Chemodanov SGGJa I 108; 
Vries ANEW 411; Frisk I 514-515; 
Onions 614; Kluge-Seebold 591. 

*nurbró(n) adv.: ON nordr 'northwards'. 



nurt)ro(n) 



290 



ojmlan 



Derived from *nurpaz. Cf. a similar deri- 
vational pattern in Gk vépxepOQ 'under- 
ground'. Torp-Falk 295; Frisk I 514 
515. 

*nutan sb.n.: ON not 'use, utility', E to notě 
'useful'. Derived from *neutanan. See- 
bold 361. 

*nuti-samaz adj.: ON nyt-samr 'useful', 
MLG nut-sam id., OHG nuzzi-sam id. 
Compound of *nutiz and *samaz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 91 (parallel formations). 

*nutiz ~ *nutjaz adj.: Godr un-nuts 'use- 
less, foolish', ON mál-nytr 'yielding milk', 
OE nytt 'useful', OFris nette id., OS nutti 
id., OHG nuzzi id. Cf. also ON nýtr 'fit, 
usable' < *neutjaz. Related to *neutanan. 
Karsten MB I 91; Torp-Falk 299; 



Wissmann MP 59-60; Holthausen 
AEEW239; Feist 522; Vries AMEW413; 
Onions 605; Seebold 361; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 242, 260; Matzel Festschr. 
Sckroder 96, ££ CV 101; Heidermanns 
429-430; Kluge-Seebold 594. 

*nutjó sb.f: ON nyt 'profit, use', OE nytt 
'use, advantage, profit', OHG nuz 'use' 
(mase.). Related to *neutanan. Torp-Falk 
299-300; Holthausen AEEW 239; Vries 
AMEJV 413; Seebold 361; Lehmann GED 
269; Bammesberger .Nom. 112. 

*nutjojanan wk.vb.: ON nytja 'to milk', 
OE nyttian 'to make use, to enjoy', OHG 
nuzzon 'to utilize'. Derived from *nutjo. 
Torp-Falk 299; Holthausen AEEW 
239; Vries AMEÍV 413; Heidermanns 430. 



O 



*6beraz ~ *6beran sb.m./n.: OE ófer 
'edge, border, margin', MLG over 'bank, 
shore', MHG uover id. Close to Gk 
r|7teipo<; id. < *áperios (Lottner K£ VII 
180). Torp-Falk 28; Holthausen 
AEEW 240; Pokorný I 53; Frisk I 640; 
Kluge-Seebold 845. 

*5bjanan wk.vb.: ON sfa 'to exercise', OS 
obian 'to celebrate solemnly', OHG uoben 
'to practice'. Related to Skt Spas- 'work, 
religious action', ápas- 'work, action', Av 
ápah- 'working', Lat opus 'work'. Torp- 
Falk 16; Walde-Hofmann II 217-218; 
Mayrhofer I 38, 75; Pokorný I 780; 
Vries AMEW 684; Heidermanns 431. 

*5briz adj.: ON oifr 'vehement, angry', 
MHG uober 'active'. Related to *objanan. 
Torp-Falk 16; Pokorný I 780; Vries 
AMEW 684; Heidermanns 431. 

*Ó3a pret.-pres.: Goth og 'to fear'. Created 
on the basis of vestigial *a^an. Torp- 
Falk 9; Feist 380-381; Pokorný I 7; 
Seebold 362; Lehmann GED 270. 

*53Janan wk.vb.: Goth ogjan 'to frighten, 
to scare', ON agja id., OE on-é^an 'to 



fear'. Causative of *o^a, *a^anan. Torp- 
Falk 9; Holthausen AEE]V 244; Feist 
380; Jóhannesson IEW 17-18; Pokorný 
I 7; Vries AMEW 684; Seebold 362; 
Lehmann GED 270. 

*5xstaz ~ *5xst5n sb.m.: ON (h)óstr 
'throať, OE óhsta 'armpiť. Derived from 
*axso. Svedrup IF XXXV 155; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 243; Porzig Gliederung 
110; Pokorný I 6; Vries AME]\ 7 421. 

*5saz ~ *5z5n sb.m.: ON óss 'river 
mouth', OE ór 'beginning, origin' (neut.), 
óra 'bank' (mase. H-stem). Related to Skt 
as- 'mouth', Av ah- id., Lat os id., Olr 
« id. Bartholomae 345; Torp-Falk 29; 
Holthausen AEEW 241; Walde- 
Hofmann II 224-225; Mayrhofer I 84; 
Pokorný I 784; Vries AME1 V 42 1 . 

*6j5alan ~ *6bilan sb.n.: Burg *opil 
'estate', ON obal 'nature, property, 
hereditaiy property, inheritance', OE 
mase. ódel 'home, native country', éóel 'resi- 
dence, property, inheritance' (also mase), 
OFris ěthel id., OS 5th.il id. (also mase), 
OHG uodil 'property'. Cf. also Goth utal 



obalan 



291 



pelaz 



'name of the o-rune'. Vrddhi of *apa/an. 
Torp-Falk 10; Neckel PBB XLI 
385-436; Holthausen AEEW 244; Feist 
233, 537; Pokorný I 71; Vries ANEW 
415; Zalizniak II 171; Onions 619; 
Paemer Denkschr. Gúnter 15; Lehmann 
GED 170, 384; Kobler 712. 
*6pala-turb5n ~ *5pila-turbó sb.f.: 



ON ódal-torfa 'patrimonial lanď, OE édel- 
tmfnaúve soil'. Compound of *op>alan ~ 
*op>ihn and Hurban ~ Hurbo(n). Carr 
Nom. comp. 55. 
*5pljan sb.n.: Goth haim-opli 'patrimonial 
lanď, ON cedli 'family estate'. Derived 
from *opalan ~ *5pilan. Feist 233; Vries 
ANEW 684. 



*paďdón sb.f.: OSwed padda 'toaď, ME 
padde id., MLG padde, pedde id. Probably 
related to Lat badius 'brown, chestnut- 
coloreď, Olr buide 'yellow'. Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXII 199 (to Gk Páxpazoq 'frog'); 
Walde-Hofmann I 92; Martinet Gera. 
186; Pokorný I 92; Vries ANEW 422; 
Onions 640; Lůhr Expr. 299; Kluge- 
Seebold 607. 

*paid5 sb.f: Goth paida 'tunic, shirť, OE 
pád 'coat, cloak', OS peda 'garmenť, 
OHG pfeit 'shirť. Borrowed from *baita, 
an Oriental word attested in Gk poďrri 
'coat made of leadier' (Thumb ^rfíljfVII 
261-263). Bonfante BSL XXXVI 151- 
152 (from Illyrian, cf Alb petk 'clothes, 
garmenť); Zupltza Gutt. 24; Karsten 
Germanen 195; Torp-Falk 217; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 244; Feist 381-382; 
Krogmann KZ LXXI 121-123; Pisani 
Sprache I 138; Pokorný I 92-93 (related 
to Gk PaítTi); Zalizniak I 147; Frisk I 
210-211; Lehmann GED 271; Orel AED 
317 (Alb petk derived from pete 'layer'); 
FCluge-Seebold 624. 

*pampaz sb.m.: Swed pamp 'fat person', G 
dial. pfampf id. Of imitative origin. Cf. 
Lith bámba 'naveF, Latv bamba 'balí'. 
Pokorný I 94; Vries ANE]V 422 (from 
IE *bemb-). 

*pannin3az sb.m.: ON penningr 'penny', 
OE penin^, pendin^ id., OFris penning, pan- 
ning id., OS penning id., OHG pfenning, 
pfending id. If derived from neut. *pandan 



> OFris pand 'pledge', OS pant id., OHG 
pfant id. (Schroder Z dadl XXXVII 
124—127), *pandinjaz could be recon- 
structed. However, this etymology is 
problematic since forms in -nd- are not 
the earliest. Connected with *pannon > 
OE panně 'pan', OFris panna id., OS 
panna id., OHG pfanna id.? Holthausen 
AEEW 2^; Onions 659 (*pandan < OFr 
pan < Lat pannus 'piece of cloth'), 665; 
FvNObloch Lingua XXVI 311; Kluge- 
Seebold 624—625 (based on Lat pondus 
'weighť); Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*pabaz sb.m.: OE pďS 'path', OFris path 
id. (neut.), MLG pat id., OHG pfad id. 
Borrowed from Irán dial. *pap>a- id., cf. 
OPers acc. sg. paOim (Brondal APS III 
1-3; Benveniste BSL LVIII 41-43). 
Torp-Falk 217 (to Lat baetó 'to go'); 
Holthausen AEEW 1^\ Pokorný I 809; 
Onions 657; Mayrhofer KZ LXXXIV 
224-230; Greule KZ XCIV 208-217; 
Meid Germ. Rek. 1 1 (from Celt *batos < 
*g"atos); Lanzsweert Festschr. Knobloch 
223-230 (to Lith gatvé 'path'); Kluge- 
Seebold 623. 

*pennó(n) sb.m./f: ON pinni 'pin', OE 
pinn id., OS pinn id., OHG pfin 'nail'. Cf. 
Mír benn 'horn, point, tip' < *bnd-no-. 
Torp-Falk 218; Holthausen AEEW 
246; Pokorný I 96-97; Onions 681 
(from Lat pinna, penna 'wing, feather'); 
Fvluge-Seebold 633. 

*pělaz sb.m.: ON pálí 'hoe, spade, pale', 



pelaz 



292 



polaz 



OE pál 'pale, pole, stake', OFris pal id., 
OS pal id., OHG pfál id. Believed to be 
a borrowing from Lat palus id. Unclear. 
Holthausen AEE]V 244; Onions 693; 
Kluge-Seebold 623. 

*píkaz sb.m.: Goth peika-bagms 'palm tree', 
OE píc 'point, pike'. Usually believed to 
be a loan from Rom *pícus (cf. *picare 'to 
prick'). Unclear. Johansson K£ XXXVI 
383; Much PBB XVII 33-34 (Goth form 
from ljutfuus 'íig' via Celtic); Torp-Falk 
218 (to Skt neut. bíja- 'seeď); Holt- 
hausen AEEW 246; Feist 383; Onions 
680; Lehmann GED 272. 

*pípanan str.vb.: Swed pipa 'to whisde', 
MLG pipen id., MHG phifen id. Of imita- 
tive origin. Seebold 363. 

*plp5n sb.f: ON pípa 'pipe', OE pípě id., 
OFris pípě id., MLG pípě id., OHG pfífa 
id. Derived from *pipanan and influenced 
by Rom *pípa id. Holthausen AEE]\' 
246; Onions 683. 

*pla33an sb.n.: ON plagg 'luggage', MLG 
plagge 'shred, rag'. Borrowed from an 
unknown source, probably continuing 
*ploko-, to IE *plek- 'to tear', see *flaxanan. 
Torp-Falk 222; Pokorný I 835. 

*platan sb.n.: Goth neut. or mase. plat 
'patch'. Cf. MLG plet 'rag, piece' < *platja-. 
Borrowed from an unknown (Balto- 
Slavic?) source connected with Skt prthú- 
'wide', Av psivQu- id., Gk KXatvq id., Lith 
platús id. Stokes Urkelt. 255 (connected 
with Ir lonta 'linen'); Bartholomae 
892-893; Torp-Falk 222; Johansson A"~ 
XXXVI 372-373; Feist 383-384 (from 
Slavic); Pokorný I 833; Fraenkel 606; 
Frisk II 553-554; Martynov Jazyk 
23-24 (from Slav *polta 'patch'); Lehmann 
GED 273 (samé as Martynov). 

*ple3anan ~ *plexanan str.vb.: OE 
pleón 'to risk, to exposé to danger', OS 
plegan 'to be responsible for', OHG pflegan 
id. Of unknown origin. Cf. also *plextiz > 
OE pliht 'danger, damage', OFris plicht 
'care, protection', MLG plicht 'duty, 
obligation', OHG pfliht 'duty, pledge'. 
Sůtterlin BB XVII 1 66 (to Lat bu-bulcus 
'herdsman'); Lagercrantz K% XXXVII 



178 (contra Sútterltn); Zupitza Gutt. 
25; Torp-Falk 221-222; Holthausen 
AE£TI 7 247; Onions 689. 

*plexton ~ *plextiz sb.f: Norw dial. plitt 
'quarter-deck (of a ship)', MLG plicht 
'small deek (of a ship)', OHG pjlihta 
'prow'. Probably from *ple^anan ~ 
*plexanan. Torp-Falk 222. 

*plÓ3az sb.m.: ON plógr 'produce, gain', 
MLG plóg 'aequisition', MHG pfluoc 'trade, 
sustenance'. If not a metaphoric usage of 
*plo3uz ~ *plo3az, may be derived from 
*ple^anan ~ *plexanan. Torp-Falk 222. 

*pl03uz ~ *pl53az sb.m.: ON plógr 
'plow', OE plč>3 'land ťhat can be plowed 
by one yoke of oxen in a day', OFris ploch 
'plough', MLG plóg id., OHG pfluog id. 
Of uncertain origin. If continues *blokó- 
could be compared, radier shakily, to 
Arm pelem 'to dig', W bwlch 'erack' < Celt 
Holko-. Meringer IF XVII 1 09-1 1 (to 
Lat plaumorati 'Rhetian plough'); Zupitza 
Gutt. 25; Uhlenbeck PBB XXXV 
176-177; Torp-Falk 222; Holthausen 
AEEW 248; Trier PBB LXVII 131-136 
(to Hle^anan ~ *pkxanari); Pokorný I 96; 
Vries AMEW 426; Zalizniak II 203; 
Martynov Jazyk 24—25 (from Slav *plugb 
'plough'); Onions 689; Knobloch Slavica 
VIII 117-120 (from IE substrátům); 
Pisani IuE 48-50; Kluge-Seebold 626- 
627 (to Gk eí)A.áKa 'plough'). 

*plu33az sb.m.: Norw plug 'peg, small 
wedge', MLG plugge 'wooden nail', MHG 
pflock 'peg'. Despite the anlaut, related to 
Lith plúkiu, plukti 'to strike, to hew'. 
Torp-Falk 222; Fraenkel 632. 

*pólaz sb.m.: OE pól 'pool', OFris pól id., 
MLG pól id., OHG pfuol id. Cf. Norw 
dial. pda id. < *póljón. Related to Lith 
bála 'swamp, marsh', Latv bála 'woodless 
valley', Slav *bah>ka 'ravine' (Zupitza KZ 
XXXVII 390), hardly connected with IE 
*bhel- 'white'. Uhlenbeck PBB XVII 
439-440 (to Lith háltas 'white', Slav *bolto 
'marsh'); Torp-Falk 218; Holthausen 
AEEW 248; Pokorný 1119; Onions 696; 
Vasmer-Trubachev I 115-116; Kluge- 
Seebold 627. 



pran3(j)anan 



293 



puttjaz 



*pran3(j)anan str./wk.vb.: Goth ana- 
praggan 'to press upon, to oppress', Du 
prangen 'to pinch', MHG phrengen 'to hem 
in, to drive into a corner'. Related to 
*pran3o. Fiok GGA 1894 32 (to Lat breuis 
'shorť); Torp-Falk 221; Feist 43; Po- 
korný I 103; Onions 646, 715; Seebold 
364; Stang LS 15-16; Lehmann GED 32. 

*pran3Ď sb.f.: OSw prang 'narrow streeť, 
ME prange 'narrowing', MLG prange 
'pinching instrument, pole', OHG *pfranga 
'pole'. Probably to be compared with 
Toch AB praňk- 'to stay away' (Klause 
Toch. 13). Johansson KZ XXXVI 346 
(to Gk ppóyxoí 'throať); Zupitza Gutt. 
25-26; Persson Beitráge 870; Grien- 
berger Got. 23 (to Lith braňktas 'part of 
harness for a horše', brangá 'knee (in a 
boat)'); Torp-Falk 221 (to Slav *pr$gti); 
Feist 43; Pokorný I 103; Fraenkel 54; 
Stang LS 15-16 (to Lith brangiis 'dear, 
cosdy'); Lehmann GED 32. 

*preunaz sb.m.: ON prjónn 'knitting nee- 
dle', OE preón 'pin, brooch, fastening', 
MLG přen 'puncher, awl'. Related to Lith 
briauná 'edge, keel' < *breuna. Bugge 
AMF XXII 128-129; Torp-Faek 220; 
Holthausen AEE\ F 249; Pokorný I 170 
(reconstructs *bh); Fraenkel 57 (Lith 
briauna to *bruwo)\ Vries ANEW 428; 
Hamp KZ XCVI 95-100 (dubious Gmc 
parallels); Lehmann GED 275. 

*prikan ~ *prik5 sb.n./f.: Icel prik 
'point', OE prku id., mase. prku id. Of 
unknown origin. Torp-Falk 22 1 (to Lith 
brezis 'serateh, erack'). 

*prikójanan wk.vb.: Icel prika 'to prick', 
OE prkian id. Derived from *prikan ~ 
*prikim. Torp-Falk 221. 

*pukón sb.m.: ON poki 'bag, potich', 
ME pocce id., MDu poke id. Of uncertain 
origin. Torp-Falk 2 1 9; Holthausen 
AEEW 248; Pokorný I 100 (to IE *beu- 
'to swelT); Vries ANEW 427 (to Lat bucca 
'cheek, mouthftď); Onions 691, 692 (the 
ME form is from Northern OFr poque, 



*pullaz adj.: ON sbst. pollr 'pool, ponď, 
EFris pol 'round, full', MLG sbst. pal 



'head, tree top'. Despite the anlaut, 
might be derived from *plHno- 'full' or 
borrowed from an unknown source con- 
tinuing this IE form. Torp-Falk 220 
(from *pulna-, to Lat bulla 'bubble, 
boss, knob'); Pokorný I 799-800; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 83 (to Lidi bála 
'swamp'). 

*pun3az sb.m.: Goth puggs 'purse, small 
bag', ON pungr id., OE pun.3 id., MLG 
punge id., OHG scaz-pfung 'money-bag'. 
Probably connected widi *pukón. Uhlen- 
beck PBB XX 44 (from Slav *pqgy 
'tassle'); Grienberger Got. 170-171 
(probably from Rom *punga 'bag' < 
MGk); Johansson A"^ XXXVI 367 (to 
Skt baka- 'a kind of heron (?)'); Torp- 
Falk 219; Meyer-Lubke REW 567; 
Holthausen AEEW 250; Feist 385 (from 
an unknown source); Pokorný I 100; 
Zalizniak I 134; Corazza Lat. 66, 77 
(from MLat punga 'purse'); Gamillscheg 
RG 28-29 (MLat punga < Gmc); 
Lehmann GED 274. 

*pursaz ~ *pursan sb.m./n.: ON pors 
'a kind of onion, Myrica gale', MLG 
pors id. Borrowed from an unidentified 
IE source related to Lat ponum 'onion', 
Gk 7tpáaov id. < *prsom. Torp-Falk 220 
(to Gk (Jeipóv, (3eppóv 8acrú, Hes., Lat 
burra 'shaddy garmenť); Walde-Hofmann 
II 343. 

*pusón sb.m.: ON posi 'litde bag', OE 
posa, pusa 'bag', OHG pfoso id. Of un- 
certain origin. Probably connected with 
*pukon, *pun3az, *púsaz or borrowed from 
Celtic, cf. Mír búas id. Torp-Falk 220; 
Johansson KZ XXXVI 357; Holthausen 
AEEW 248; Pokorný I 101; Vries 
XY£ir427; Zalizniak I 154. 

*putójanan wk.vb.: Icel pota 'to stick', OE 
potian 'to push, to thrusť. Any connection 
with *bautananl Torp-Falk 219. 

*puttaz sb.m.: ON pottr 'poť, OE pott id., 
OFris pot id., MLG pot, put id. Cognate 
of or, rather, early borrowing from Lat 
buttis 'barrel'. Torp-Falk 219; Kluge- 
Seebold 643. 

*puttjaz ~ *puttjó sb.m./f: ON pyttr 



puttjaz 



294 



raxo(n) 



'pool', OE pytt 'pit, hole', OFris pett 
'puddle', MLG putte id., OHG pjuzza 
'well, fountain'. Can be formally identical 
with Gk f>vC,ov tiukvÓv, ctovetÓv, yaupov 
8e kou néya (Hes.). Johansson K£ 
XXXVI 353 (semantically influenced by 
Lat puteus 'well'); Holthausen AEElť 25 1 



(< Lat puteus); Pokorný I 99; Vries 
ANEW 430; Kluge-Seebold 628. 
*púsaz sb.m.: ON púss 'small bag, purse', 
LG puse id. Probably related to Gk puváco 

< *p\>a-v-éco 'to fill up', Alb mbush 'to filT 

< PAlb *en-busa. See *puson. Torp-Falk 
220 (to Skt husa- 'chaff'); Pokorný I 101. 



*rabaz sb.n.: ON rafr 'amber', NFris reaf 
id. Derived from *retanan. Semantically 
based on the magnetic power of amber, 
cf. Toporov PJa II 215 (on Balt *gintar- 
to Lith ginti 'to defenď, giňti 'to drive 
(away)'). Much ftlWfTL 285 (related to 
*erpaz); Pokorný I 334; Vries ANEW 
431. 

*raďó sb.f.: ON rnb 'row', MLG rat id. 
Connected with *ra\pan 'wheel'. Fiok III 
337 (to *rapjanan ~ *rapojanan); Torp- 
Falk 337 (to Lith redas 'order'); Holt- 
hausen A] VN 2 35 (to Lat ratis 'raft, floať); 
Pokorný I 59; Vries ANEW 457. 

*rafaz sb.m.: ON rafr 'fat and fins of a 
flounder'. Unless a metaphoric usage of 
*rabaz, related to IE *rep-\ Gk ÉpÉ7t- 
Tonai 'to feed on', Alb rjep 'to strip off, to 
tear off', Lat rapid 'to seize and carry off, 
to snatch', Lidi repiu, repti 'to grasp' 
(Bezzenberger GGA 1898 555). Torp- 
Falk 337; Walde-Hofmann II 417; 
Pokorný I 865; Frisk I 553; Orel AED 
372. 

*rafilaz sb.m.: ON refill 'tapestry, hang- 
ings', EFris rafel 'fibre', Du rafel id. 
Derived from *rafaz. Torp-Falk 337. 

*rafisjanan ~ *rafisjojanan wk.vb.: 
ON refsa 'to punish', OE riepsan 'to prove 
(?)', OS respian 'to punish, to chasten', 
OHG refsen 'to punish, to rebuke'. Based 
on an i-stem (cf. Skt rápas- 'defect, 
injury') related to Gk ápéjixo|iai 'to feed 
on', Lat rapid 'to seize, to grasp', Alb rjep 
'to strip off (skin or bark), to tear off', 



Lith repiu, repti 'to grasp'. (Unwerth PBB 
XXXVI 31). See *rqfaz. Fick III 338; 
Bezzenberger BB III 73; Torp-Falk 
338; Holthausen AEEW 256; Walde- 
Hofmann II 417-418; Pokorný I 865; 
Fraenkel 721-722; Vries ANEW 436; 
Frisk I 553. 

*raftraz sb.m.: ON raptr 'rafter', OE mfter 
id., MLG rafter 'small beam'. Related to 
*refan ~ *rěfon. Torp-Falk 338; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 253; Vries ANEW 434. 

*ra3Ínan sb.n.: Goth ragín 'advice, deci- 
sion', ON pl. regin 'gods' (= *'advisors'), 
OE re^n-weard 'mighty guarď, OS ragino 
giskapu 'divine destiny', OHG prop. Regin- 
fřid. Connected with Toch A rake, B reki 
'worď, Slav *rekti 'to speak'. Zupitza 
Gutt. 136; Torp-Falk 335; Sturtevant 
JEGP XV 251; Holthausen AEEW 
256; Feist 392; Pokorný I 863; Vries 
ANEW 436-437; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
478; Lehmann GED 280; Burlak IFTJa 
254. 

*ra3Ínójanan wk.vb.: Goth raginon 'to 
govern, to counsel', ON regna 'to swear', 
OE re^nian 'to set in order, to arrange'. 
Derived from *ra^inan. Holthausen 
AEEW256; Feist 392; Vmes ANEW437; 
Lehmann GED 280. 

*rax5(n) sb.f: ON rá 'sail-yard, pole', 
MLG rá 'sail-yard', OHG raha 'shuttle'. 
Derived from *resanan. Can be further 
compared with Lith rakas 'term', Latv raks 
'aim, boundary' (Fraenkel 121). Torp- 
Falk 335; Pokorný I 863; Chemodanov 



raxo(n) 



295 



raikjanan 



SGGJa I 73; Vries AMEW 430 (to ON 
regg 'a kind of ship'); Kluge-Seebold 664. 

*raibó sb.f.: ON pl. reifar 'swaddling 
clothes'. Related to *rifan (Torp-Falk 
345). Pokorný I 858. 

*raifo5janan wk.vb.: ON reifa 'to swad- 
dle, to enrich, to rip up, to disclose', OE 
á-ráfian 'to unrove, to unwinď. Derived 
from *raibo. Torp-Falk 345; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 254; Vries AME]V 437 (to 
*rifan); Lehmann GED 310 (to *raipan ~ 
*raipaz). 

*raičtaz ~ *raiďjaz adj.: Goth ga-raips 
'arranged, determineď, ON greiSr 'ready, 
free, straighť, OE réde 'ready', OFrís rěd, 
rěde id., MLG rede id., OHG gi-reiti id. 
Derived from *rlianan (Schubert Erw. 
60: from *raido). Close to Olr réid 'level, 
easy', W rhwydd 'easy' (Vendryes R- 
16—17), Lith raidus 'uprighť, Latv raids 
'ready' (Persson Beitráge 856-857; 
Zupitza KZ XXXVI 66). Karsten MB 
I 107; Torp-Falk 344; Feist 197, 393; 
Holthausen AE£ir 252-253; Pokorný I 
60; Fraenkel 687-688; Vries AMEW 
186, 437; Lehmann GED 280-281; 
Lloyd-Springer I 283-285; Heider- 
manns 433-434; Kluge-Seebold 98; 
Adams TB 531 (adds Toch AB rdtk- 'to 
heal'). 

*raidíniz sb.f: Goth ga-raideins 'regulation, 
rule', OE rdden 'condition, stipulation, 
rule'. Derived from *raiďjanan. Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 253; Feist 197; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 148. 

*raidjanan wk.vb.: Goth raidjan 'to di- 
rect, to mandáte', ON reioa 'to bring, to 
serve, to make ready, to make to ride, to 
carry', OE ^e-rédan 'to arrange, to dispose, 
to direcť, OHG bi-reiten 'to prepare'. 
Derived from *raidaz, *rlianan. Torp- 
Falk 344; Holthausen AEEW 252; 
Feist 393; Pokorný I 60; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 76; Vries AMEW 437 (to Latv 
riest 'to arrange'); Lehmann GED 280—281 
Heidermanns 434. 

*raidó sb.f: ON reid 'riding, raid, vehicle' 
(pl. -ar, -ir reflecting *raidiz), OE rád 'rid- 
ing, roaď, OFris ráf-rěd 'ride on a stolen 



horše', OS brande-rěda 'andiron, fire-dog', 
OHG rátá 'wagon'. Derived from 
*ňdanan. Cf Gaul rěda 'wagon', Olr 
ríad 'driving, riding'. Torp-Falk 344; 
Holthausen AEEJ\ t 252; Porzig 
Gliederung 120; Pokorný I 861; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 97; Vries AMEW 437; 
Zalizniak II 194; Onions 770; Seebold 
367; Bammesberger Kom. 107. 

*raÍ35 ~ *raixó sb.f: ON rá-merki 'land- 
mark', OE révu, ráw 'row, line'. Cf. also 
MLG rige 'row, order', OHG riga 'line' < 
*rÍ3o. Identical with Skt rekha 'stroke, 
line'. Further to Skt rikháti 'to scratch', 
Gk EpeÍKco 'to rend, to bruise', Lith riekti 
'to cut breaď. Torp-Falk 343; Mayr- 
hofer III 58; Pokorný I 862; Fraenkel 
729; Vries XVEIK430; Frisk I 551-552; 
Onions 775. 

*raixa-bukkaz sb.m.: ON rá-bukkr 'roe- 
buck', MLG re-bok id., OHG rěh-boc id. 
Compound of *raixón and *bukkaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 84 (parallel formations). 

*raix5n sb.m.: ON rá 'roe' (fem., from 
*raixo), OE rá, raka id., OS rěho id., OHG 
reho id. Of unknown origin. Suolahti 
AKT 109-112; Petersson PBB XL 101 
(to Skt fšya- 'deer'); Torp-Falk 332 (to Ir 
ríach 'grey'); Holthausen AEE]V 254; 
Pokorný I 859; Vries ANE1\ r 430 (to Ir 
ríach 'grey', Lith raibas 'multicoloreď); 
Zalizniak II 183; Onions 771; Witczak 
A^CVII 141-142 (to Gk ^ 'roebuck', 
W iwrch id.); Kluge-Seebold 675. 

*raikjanan wk.vb.: OE récan 'to reach', 
OFris reka id., MLG reiken, rěken id., OHG 
gi-reihhen id. Identical with Lith ráižytis 'to 
keep stretching' further related to Olr 
rigim 'to stretch', Lith réižu, réižti 'to 
stretch, to tighten' (Zupitza Gutt. 198— 
200). Wiedemann BB XXVIII 58 (to 
Lith režti 'to cuť); Wood MLN XXVI 
166 (samé as Wiedemann); Persson 
Beitráge 150, 941; Torp-Falk 342; Ven- 
dryes MSL XV 363-365 (also to Lat 
rigeo 'to be stiff'); Trautmann BS]\' 
242; Holthausen AEE]\ t 252; Pokorný I 
862; Fraenkel 715; Vries ANEW 438; 
Onions 742. 



rámo 



296 



rakjanan 



*rainó ~ *rainaz sb.f./m.: ON rein 'strip 
of lanď, MLG rén, rein 'balk, ridge as a 
boundaiy', OHG rein 'demarcation line 
on the grounď. Identícal with Olr roen 
'way, mountain chain', Bret run 'hiU' < 
*roino- (Fick II 234) and further related 
or borrowed to Slav *rénb 'sandbank'. 
Persson Beitráge 769; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 
58; Persson Beitráge llo; Torp-Falk 332; 
Pokorný I 857-858; Vries ANEW 438- 
439 (to *raixo); Vasmer-Trubachev III 470. 

*raipan ~ *raipaz sb.n./m.: Gotli skauda- 
raip 'thong, strap', ON reip 'ropě', OE 
ráp id., OFris rap id., MLG rěp 'sfing, 
ropě', OHG reif 'ropě, corď. Of un- 
known origin. Zupitza Gutt. 27; Torp- 
Falk 345; Holthausen AEEW 255; Feist 
430; Pokorný I 858; Vries ANEW 439 
(to *rain5 ~ rainaz)', Zalizniak II 172; 
Onions 773; Lehmann GED 310 (to Gk 
ápútvri 'cliff', Lat rlpa 'bank'); Kluge- 
Seebold 676. 

*raipjanan ~ *raipójanan wk.vb.: ON 
reipa 'to fasten with a ropě', OE répan 
'to bind with a ropě' MLG repen 'to 
measure'. Derived from *raipan ~ *raipaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 253; Vries ANEW 
439. 

*rairjanan ~ *rairójanan ~ *rírěnan 
wk.vb.: Godr reiran 'to tremble', OE rárian 
'to wail, to roar', MLG raren, rěren 'to 
roar', OHG reren id. Based on an old per- 
fect reduplication *rai-rei- as in Skt leláyati 
'to move to and fro, to quiver, to trem- 
ble' (Flasdieck Angtia LLX 139, 182; 
Jasanoff Stative 71-72). Bugge IF V 
176 (Goth from Arm ererem 'to tremble'); 
Torp-Falk 341 (separate Goth from 
WGmc); Holthausen AEE]V 255; Feist 
397; Mayrhofer III 112; Pokorný I 
862; Chemodanov SGGJa I 75; Narten 
Sprache XXVII 10-12 (reconstructs *reir-)\ 
Lehmann GED 285-285; Kluge-Seebold 
690. 

*raisjanan ~ *raizjanan str.vb.: Goth 
ur-raisjan 'to raise, to rouše', ON reisa 'to 
raise', OE réran 'to rear, to raise'. 
Causative of *fisanan. Torp-Falk 345- 
346; Holthausen AEEW 253; Feist 527; 



Vries ANET F 439; Onions 744; Seebold 
372. 

*rais5 sb.f: latě ON reisa 'journey', OFris 
reise id., OHG reisa id. Derived from 
*risanan. Torp-Falk 346; Seebold 372. 

*raitjanan wk.vb.: ON reita 'to stir', OHG 
reizen 'to stir, to irritate'. Causative of 
*ritanan. Torp-Falk 343. 

*rakan ~ *rakó I sb.n./f: ON pl. rok 
'reason, ground, origin, sign', OE racu 
'explanation, account, narrative', OS raka 
'situation, talk', OHG rahha 'thing, talk'. 
Substantivized *rakaz. Torp-Falk 333 
Holthausen AEE]V 25 1 ; Pokorný I 856 
Vries ANEW 458; Zalizniak II 175 
Lehmann GED 280. 

*rakan ~ *rakó II sb.n./f: ON rak 'rak- 
ings of hay in a field, wick', OE racu 'hol- 
low patli, bed of a stream'. Derived from 
*rakaz. Or identical with *rakan ~ *rakó I? 
Torp-Falk 333; Holthausen AEEh' 
251; Vries ANET I' 432. 

*rakaz adj.: ON rab 'straighť, MLG adv. 
rak id. Derived from *rekanan. Cf. *rankaz. 
Formally can be equated with Lat rogus 
'funeral pile, grave' < *rogos (Frisk GHA 
XLIV/1 24). Karsten JVB I 71; Zupitza 
Gutt. 198; Torp-Falk 333; Pokorný I 
856; Vries ANEW 432; Heidermanns 436. 

*rakentjan ~ *rakentjó(n) sb.n./f: ON 
pl. rekendr 'chain', OE racente id., OHG 
rahhinza id. Derived from *rakaz. Torp- 
Falk 333 (to *rakkon II); Holthausen 
AEET^ 251; Vries ANEW 440. 

*rako sb.f: Swed raka 'rake', OE raca 
id. (mase.), racu id., OS raka id. Related to 
*rekon II. Torp-Falk 334; Kluge- 
Seebold 671. 

*rakjanan wk.vb.: Goth tif-rakjan 'to 
stretch', ON rekja 'to spread out, to 
unfolď, OE reccan 'to stretch', OFris rětza 
'to reach, to give', OS rekkian 'to explain', 
OHG recken 'to reach, to guide, to ex- 
plain'. Derived from *rekanan (Gonda K£ 
LXXIII 162-163). Siebs KZ XXXVII 
278-279 (to *strakkjanan); Torp-Falk 333; 
Holthausen AEEW 256; Feist 513; 
Vries ANEW 440 (to Lat rego 'to keep 
straight, to guide, to draw the bound- 



rakjanan 



297 



raskuz 



aries'); Onions 735; Seebold 373; Leh- 
mann GED 284; Kluge-Seebold 672. 
*rakkjón sb.f.: ON rekkja 'beď, MLG recke 
'rack'. Derived from *rakjanan. Vries 

ANEW 441. 

*rakójanan wk.vb.: ON raka 'to rake, to 
sweep away', MLG raken id. Derived 
from *rekanan. Torp-Falk 334; Vries 
ANEW 432; Lehmann GED 284. 

*rakkón I sb.m.: ON rakki 'dog', OE rscc 
'dog that hunts by scenť. Related to 
*rakjanan. Uhlenbeck PBB XXVI 570; 
Holthausen AEEW 252; Martinet Gém. 
180; Vries ANEW 432. 

*rakk5n II sb.m.: ON rakki 'ring by 
which the sail-yard moves round the 
mast', OE racca 'cord which forms part 
of the rigging of a ship'. Derived from 
*raka Z . Holm ANF LXLX 195-209 (to 
*rakkon I); Torp-Falk 332; Holthausen 
AEEW 251; Martinet Gém. 193; 
Pokorný I 863 (to Skt rašana 'ropě, cord, 
bridle'); Chemodanov SGGJa I 106; 
Vries ANEW 432. 

*rammaz adj.: Burg *rams 'strong; ram', 
ON rammr 'strong, mighty', OE sbst. 
ramm 'ram', MLG sbst. ram id., OHG 
sbst. ram id. Related to *remiz. Karsten 
NB I 67, II 230; Torp-Falk 339 (to Olr 
retnor 'thick, fať), 340 [*rammaz 'ram' to 
Lith éras 'lamb', Lat aries 'ram'); Holt- 
hausen AEEW 254; Martinet Gém. 
175; Vries ANEW 432; Onions 737; 
Kobler 712; Hetdermanns 436; Kluge- 
Seebold 665. 

*ramo sb.f: MLG ráme 'stand, frame', 
OHG ráma, kráma 'pillar'. Derivationally 
close to Lith pa-rama 'prop'. Based on IE 
*rem-\ Olr fo-rim- 'to puť, Lith remiú, re/uti 
'to support'. See *rammaz. Torp-Falk 
339; Heinertz SVSL VII 108-119 (to 
*xram(m)janari); Pokorný I 864; Fraenkel 
718; Vries ANEW 432-433; Zalizniak II 
210; Lehmann GED 285. 

*ranaz adj.: ON sbst. ráni 'snouť, MHG 
adj. ran 'slender, slim'. Derived from 
*rennanan (Persson SVSU 1912/10 769). 
Pokorný I 329 (to Olr rind 'top'); Vrtes 
ANEW 433. 



*randiz sb.f./m.: Burg *rands 'edge of a 
shielď, ON rQnd 'border, rim, shielď, OE 
rand 'brink, edge, margin, shore, shielď, 
OFris rad-rond 'edge, rim, shielď, OS rand 
id., OHG rant 'shield buckle, edge'. See 
*renió. Torp-Falk 339 (from *ram-d-, 
to *ramo); Holthausen AEEIV 254; 
Pokorný I 864; Zalizniak II 210; 
Vrtes ANEW 458; Onions 738; Lehmann 
GED 286; Kobler 712; Kluge-Seebold 
665-666. 

*randó sb.f: Norw rand 'cross-beam', G 
dial. raňte 'bar'. Identical with *randiz. 
Torp-Falk 339 (to Lith ramtis 'prop, 
banister'). 

*rankaz adj.: ON rakkr 'straight, slender', 
OE ranč 'proud, haughty', MLG rank 
'long and thin'. Related to Skt píjati, fjyati 
'to stretch', Lith r(žti, rdžyti 'to tighten, to 
elongate' (Holthausen IF XXXII 337). 
Karsten NB I 53-54; Zupitza Gutt. 198; 
Torp-Falk 334; Szober PF XIV 601- 
602 (to WSlav *rQČb 'fast'); Trautmann 
BSW 244; Holthausen AEEW 254: 
Mayrhofer I 121; Pokorný I 857 
Fraenkel 711, 726; Vries ANEW 432 
Onions 738-739; Hetdermanns 437 
Kluge-Seebold 666. 

*rankjanan wk.vb.: ON rekkja 'to strain, 
to stretch ouť, OE á-rencan 'to make 
proud'. Derived from *rankaz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 257; Vries ANEW 441. 

*rannjanan wk.vb.: Goth ur-rannjan 
'to make emerge, to make rise', ON renna 
'to run', OE arnan 'to run', OS rennian 'to 
gather', OHG gi-rennen 'to coagulate'. 
Causative of *rennanan. Similar to Slav 
*roniti 'to pour, to drop'. Torp-Falk 17; 
Trautmann BSW 236-237; Holthausen 
AEEW 12; Feist 527; Vries yUVEH'442; 
Seebold 376; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
501; Lehmann GED 285; Kluge-Seebold 
680. 

*raskuz ~ *raskaz adj.: ON rqskr 
'brave, vigorous', ME rash id., MLG rasch 
'quick, fasť, OHG adv. rasco id. May be 
directly related to Thrac prop. PáoKOi; 
(Duridanov Tratíte 65). Torp-Falk 341 
(to *razdó and further to Skt rasati 'to 



raskuz 



298 



rauda-Jminaz 



roar'); Kluge-Seebold 667 (to *rapaz or 
*xrapaz). 

*rasto sb.f.: Goth rasta 'mile', ON rqst 
'measure of length between two rest- 
places' (pl. í-stem), OE rest 'rest, quieť, 
OS rasta 'rest, pláce of rest', OHG rasta 
'rest, league'. Of uncertain origin. 
Aufrecht R'Z I 360; Fick K'Z XXII 375 
(to *rowo); Meringer IF XVIII 237 (to 
*ra Z nan II); Wood MIN XXV 74 (to Gk 
ápacjTÓQ 'charming'); Torp-Faek 340 (to 
Olr árus 'dwelling'); Holthausen AEEW 
254; Feist 394; Pokorný I 338-339 
Vendryes A-90 (to Olr áros 'residence') 
Vries ANEW 458; Zalizniak II 217 
Onions 760; Lehmann GED 281 (fol- 
lows Fick); Bammesberger Nom. 116-117 
(from *rapjanan ~ *rapffjanan). 

*raban sb.n.: OFris reth 'wheel', OS rath 
id., OHG rad, hrad id. Related to Skt 
rátha- 'chariot, car, Av rada- 'charioť, 
Lat rota 'wheel', Olr roth id., Lith ratas 
id. Bartholomae 1506; Torp-Falk 
336; Walde-Hofmann II 443-444; Mayr- 
hofer III 38-39; Pokorný I 866; 
Fraenkel 703; Kluge-Seebold 663. 

*rabaz adj.: Goth comp. rapizo 'simpler, 
easier', MLG ge-rade 'immediate, quick', 
MHG ge-rat, ge-rade 'growing straight 
upwards'. Historically identical with 
*rapan (Torp-Falk 336). Schwentner 
PBB XLVIII 83-84; Feist 394 (against 
Torp-Falk); Holthausen AEE1V 252; 
Můhlenbach-Endzeldí III 514 (to Skt 
rtí- 'row, quarrel', Gk epiq 'strife, quar- 
rel'); Pokorný I 866; Vries ANEW 457; 
Lehmann GED 282; Bammesberger Nom. 
238; Heidermanns 437-438. 

*rapjanan ~ *rab5janan str./wk.vb.: 
Goth ga-rapjan 'to counť, OFris rethia 'to 
talk', OS redibn id., OHG redón id. Back 
formation based on *rapjb~(n) (Kluge- 
Seebold 673). Torp-Falk 336 (to Lat 
rěor 'to reckon, to believe'); Feist 197; 
Lehmann GED 282. 

*rabj5(n) sb.f: Goth rapjo 'number, 
counting, account, explanation', OFris 
rethe 'speech, word, accounť, OS rethia 
'accounť, OHG reda 'speech, accounť. 



Identical with Lat ratio 'reckoning, 
accounť (Feist 394) based on rěor 'to 
reckon, to calculate, to believe'. Breal 
MSL VII 137-138 (from Lat ratio); Torp- 
Falk 336 (derived from *rapjanan ~ 
*raJ3ojanan); Pokorný I 59 (against 
Breal); Walde-Hofmann II 419-420; 
Schulze Kl. Schr. 511; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 90; Lehmann GED 281-282 (to 
*raian in *xunda-radan); Kluge-Seebold 
673. 

*raufojanan wk.vb.: ON reyja 'to rob', OE 
be-rýjan 'to bereave', OHG roufen 'to pull, 
to pluck'. Derived from the unattested 
str. *reuiaiian, cf. *raui6 ~ *rauíaz. 
Torp-Falk 352; Holthausen AEEW 
259; Vries ANEW 442; Seebold 379. 

*raufoó ~ *raubaz sb.m./f: ON rauf 
'hole, rifť, OE neut. réaf 'spoil, booty', 
OFris ráf 'loot, booty', OS roj 'booty', 
OHG roub id. Related to Skt rúpyati 'to 
suffer racking pain', Lith raupiú, raůpti 'to 
dig', rupús 'rough'. Particularly close 
to Skt neut. ropa- 'hole, cave', Slav *rupa 
'piť. Wadstein IF XIV 402-406; 
Torp-Falk 352; Trautmann BSW 240; 
Holthausen AEEW 255; Buga RFV 
LXXV 141-142; Specht KZ LXVIII 
125; Mayrhofer III 68-69; Pokorný 
I 870; Fraenkel 707-708, 750; Vries 
ANEW 435; Onions 744; Seebold 379; 
Lehmann GED 72; Bammesberger Nom. 
53; Vasmer-Trubachev III 518; Kluge- 
Seebold 669; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*raufoójanan wk.vb.: Goth bi-raubon 'to 
rob', ON raufa 'to rob, to spoil', OE 
réafian 'to plunder, to spoil, rob', OFris 
ravia id., OS robon id., OHG roubán id. 
Based on *raubo ~ *raiibaz. Torp-Falk 
353; Holthausen AEEW 255; Feist 94: 
Vries ANEW 435; Onions 89-90, 744: 
Seebold 379; Lehmann GED 71—72 
Kluge-Seebold 669; Boutkan OFED 
s.v. 

*rauda-brunaz adj.: ON raui-brúnn 
'red-brown', OHG rot-brún-pfellín 'of red- 
brown fabric'. Compound of *rautaz and 
*brunaz. Carr Nom. comp. 92 (parallel 
formations). 



raučtaz 



299 



raz do 



*raučtaz adj.: Goth raufrs 'reď, ON rauSr 
id., OE reád id., OFris rad id., OS rod id., 
OHG rot id. Derived from *reudanan. 
Related to Olr rúad id., Lat rúfus id. 
(< *roudhos, with dialectal features), Lith 
raúdas id., Slav *ruďb id. Bugge KZ 
XX (1872) 6-7; Karsten MB I 46; 
Schwentner FB 44-54; Torp-Falk 351; 
Buga RFVUOCV 141; Trautmann BSW 
238; Feist 395-396; Holthausen AEEW 
257; Walde-Hofmann II 448; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW 714-715; Porzig 194; 
Pokorný I 872-873; Fraenkel 704-705; 
Vries ANEW 435; Onions 748; Seebold 
378; Vasmer-Trubachev III 513; Risch 
Festschr. Szemerényi 708-709; Lehmann 
GED 282-283; Bammesberger Mom. 238; 
Heidermanns 438-439; Kluge-Seebold 
693; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*raudón sb.m.: ON randi 'red metal', 
OHG roto 'red trout'. Derived from 
*raudaz. Cf. Slav *ruda 'ore, blooď of the 
samé origin. No connection with Sumer 
urudu 'copper' (see *amtaz). Soherer Urh. 
Idg. 296; Birkhahn GuK 141; Kilián 
Urspr. 34; Trubachev VJa XXXIV/5 
3—5; Heidermanns 439. 

*raukiz sb.m.: ON reykr 'smoke, steam 
OE réc 'smoke', OFris rek id., OS rok id 
(<*raukaz), OHG rouh id. (<*raukaz) 
Derived from *reukanan. Zupitza Gutt. 
164; Torp-Falk 349 (to Alb re 'cloud 
< *rougi-); Richter KZ LV 138-149 
Holthausen AEE1V 259; Porzig 
Gliederung 177; Pokorný I 872 (to *reu-g- 
'to vomiť); Vries ANE1V 443; Zalizniak 
II 188; Onions 749; Seebold 380; Bam- 
mesberger Mom. 133; Kluge- Seebold 
669. 

*raukjanan wk.vb.: ON reykja 'to smoke', 
OE récan id., OFris reka, rě~za id., MLG 
roken id., OHG rouhhen id. Derived from 
*raukiz. Holthausen AEE]V 259; Vries 
AVE JT 443. 

*raunó sb.f: ON raun 'trial, experiment, 
experience', OFris ran 'attempt, trial'. An 
archaic ablaut grade related to *runo. 
Bugge KZ XX (1872) 9-10; Torp-Falk 
349 (to Gk čpe-ova 'inquiry, search'); 



Pokorný I 337; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
110; Vries AMW 435. 

*raupjanan wk.vb.: Goth raupjan 'to 
pluck', OE rípan 'to spoil, to plunder', 
MLG rópen 'to reap, to pluck'. Despite 
the irregular *-p-, seems to be connected 
with *reufanan. Wood MLN XVI 310 
(to Lat rubus 'blackberry'); Lewy PBB 
XXXII 141 (to Lith rum bas 'scar on the 
tree bark'); Zupitza Gutt. 35; Torp-Falk 
352; Holthausen AEE] V 259; Feist 395; 
Specht KZ LXVIII 125; Lehmann GED 
282. 

*rausan ~ *rauzan sb.n.: Goth raus 
'reeď, ON reyrr id. (mase), MLG ror id., 
OHG ror id. Derived from *rujanan. 
Uhlenbeck AJ\F XV 157 (to Skt rosa- 
'anger'); Hoffmann BB XXV 106-108 (to 
Gk opocpoq 'pipe'); Hirt PBB XX 234 
(to Slav *rogozt> 'rush'); Torp-Falk 332 
(samé as Hirt); Bugge PBB XIII 334; 
Feist 395; Pokorný I 332; Machek 420 
(together with Slav *rogozb from pre-IE); 
Vries AME]V 443; Pisani IuE 47-48; 
Lehmann GED 282 (from non-IE source); 
Kluge-Seebold 690 (to MLG rúschen 'to 
sough', MHG rúschen id.). 

*rautaz sb.m.: OHG roz, hroz 'weeping, 
wailing'. Identical with Skt ráda- id., cf. 
also Lith rauda 'lamentation'. Derived 
from *reutanan I. Cf. also ON fem. raust 
'voice' < *ransto. Torp-Falk 351; May- 
rhofer III 77; Pokorný I 332, 867; 
Fraenkel 704. 

*rautjanan wk.vb.: ON reyta 'to pluck, to 
piek', MLG retin 'to make rot (of flax)', 
MLG roten id., MHG razen 'to make rot- 
ten'. Causative of *reutanan II. Torp- 
Falk 350. 

*razčtó sb.f: Goth razda 'language, 
speech', ON rqdd 'voice' (partly < 
*razdiz), OHG fogal-rarta 'birďs song as 
an omen'. Cf. also OE fem., neut. reord 
'speech, tongue, language, voice' < *rezib~ 
~ *rezdan. Probably, goes back to *redh- 
dhě- similar to *ker dhe- 'to believe'. See 
*redanan. Schweizer KZ I 154; Grien- 
berger Got. 175 (to Gk pó6oi; 'sound, 
noise'); Torp-Falk 340; Holthausen 



raz do 



300 



rextaz 



AEE1 V 257-258; Feist 396 (to *rětanan or 
to Skt rásati 'to roar, to yell, to sounď); 
Pokorný I 852; Vries AMEW 457; 
Zalizniak II 194; Lehmann GED 283. 

*raznan sb.n.: Goth razn 'house', ON rann 
id., OE tern 'pláce, habitation, house', 
OFris fia-ern 'cattle sheď. Continues 
*rodh-sno- related to Slav *roďb 'kin', Latv 
radš id. Aufreoht KZ I 360; Meringer 
ZFXVI 142 (to *rastaz); Torp-Falk 340; 
Trautmann BS1 V 234; Holthausen 
AEEW 12; Feist 396; Pokorný I 339 (to 
*erH- 'to rest'); Trubachev VJa VI/2 88 
(against traditional comparisons of the 
Balto-Slavic word with Skt várdhati 'to 
increase'); Vries AMEW 433; Zalizniak 
I 143; Onions 75, 760; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 490-491; Lehmann 
GED 283. 

*raznón sb.m.: Goth ga-razna 'neighbor', 
ON g-ranni id. Derived from *raznan. 
Feist 197; Vries AMEW 184. 

*rebanan str.vb.: MHG reben 'to move, to 
stir'. Probably related to Lat řepo 'to 
crawP, OPrus ripaiti 'to follow'. Traut- 
mann BSW 246; Pokorný I 865, 853 (to 
Mír reb 'game, períidy' < *rebha). 

*refojan sb.n.: ON rif 'rib', OE ribb id., 
OFris rib id., OS ribbi id., OHG ríbbi id. 
Closely connected with Slav *rebro id. and 
identical with *(ko-)rebbje 'rib, skeleton'. 
Torp-Falk 338; Holthausen AEE~W 
258, AWM 228; Sohulze KZ XLII 233, 
Kl. Schr. 372; Pokorný I 30, 853; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 80; Vries AMEW 
444; Zalizniak I 145; Onions 766; 
Stang LS 44; Vasmer-Trubachev 
III 453; Trubachev ESSJa XI 49-50 
(reconstructs *ko-rebrbje); Kluge-Seebold 
688. 

*re3anan str.vb.: MHG regen 'to rise'. 
Related to *er(e)gh- in Gk £p%on<xi 'to 
come', Alb aor. erdha 'to come', and 
probably also Olr imper. eirg 'to go'. 
Sarauw KZ XXXVIII 160 (on Celtic); 
Torp-Falk 334; Pokorný I 327-328, 
863; Frisk I 572; Orel AED 508. 

*re3na-fou3on sb.m.: ON regn-bogi 'rain- 
bow', OE rejn-bo3a id., OFris rein-boga 



id., MLG regen-boge id., OHG regan-bogo 
id. Compound of *re$nan ~ *re^naz and 
*bu3on. Torp-Falk 273; Carr Mom. 
comp. 51; Kluge-Seebold 674. 

*re3nan ~ *re3naz sb.n.: Goth rign 
'rain', ON regn id., OE rejn id. (mase), 
OFris rein id. (mase), OS regan-, regin id. 
(mase.), OHG regan id. (mase.). Similarity 
with Lat rigo 'to moisten, to irrigate' and 
Alb rrjedh 'to flow' deserves attention 
(Hoffmann BB XXVI 136: also a wrong 
comparison wiuh Gk fSpéxco 'to wet, to 
rain'; Walde-Hoffmann II 435). Gmc 
*rejnan ~ *resnaz could be then a deriva- 
tive in *-no-. Zupitza Gutt. 136; Torp- 
Falk 335-336; Trautmann apud Feist 
(from *rek-no-, to ON raki 'dampness, 
moisture'); Holthausen GRM VIII 368 
(to Gk póxQoc; 'roar, thunder'), AEE]V 
256; Walde-Hofmann II 435; Feist 
397; Pokorný I 857; Ernout-Meillet 
573—574 (isolated character of Lat rigo); 
Chemodanov SSGJa I 55; Zalizniak II 
172; Vries ANEW 432, 437 (follows 
Trautmann); Onions 737; Schulze Kl. 
Schr. 476; Lehmann GED 284; Kluge- 
Seebold 674; Orel AED 387. 

*re3na-skúró sb.f: ON regn-skúr 'shower', 
OE re^n-scúr id. Compound of *rejnan ~ 
*rejn«2 and *skíiro. Carr Mom. comp. 78 
(parallel formations). 

*re3na-wurmaz ~ *re3na-wurmiz 
sb.m.: Swed regn-orm 'earuhworm', OE 
re^n-wyrm id., OS regan-wurm id., OHG 
regan-wurm id. Compound of *resnan ~ 
*re^naz and *wurmaz ~ *wurmiz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 51. 

*re3njanan wk.vb.: Goth rignjan 'to rain', 
ON regna, rigna 'to rain'. Derived from 
*resnan ~ *re$naz. Torp-Falk 336; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 260; Vries AMEW 437, 
445; Lehmann GED 284. 

*rexta-líkaz adj.: ON rétt-ligr just, due', 
OFris riuchte-lik 'just, fair, legal', MDu 
reht-llk 'just, fair', OHG rehtlih just, right 
(offaith)'. Derived from *rextaz. Heider- 

MANNS 442. 

*rextaz adj.: Goth raihts 'straighť, ON réttr 
'upright, straighť, OE riht 'straight, righť, 



rextaz 



301 



rekwez 



OFris riucht 'right, correcť, OS rekt 'good, 
true, righť, OHG řeht 'straighť. Close to 
Av rašta- 'straight (way)', Gk ópEKtó? 
'stretched ouť, Lat rectus 'straight, up- 
righť, Olr recht 'law, authority' (Vaniček 
228-229). Deríved from *rekanan. Bar- 
tholomae 1516; Karsten MB II 327; 
Torp-Falk 333-334; Feist 393; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 260; Walde-Hofmann II 
424; Hoops EG V 84-86; Gonda R'Z 
LXXIII 161; Porzig Gliederung 122; 
Pokorný I 854-857; Vries AMEW 442; 
Frisk II 413; Onions 767; Benveniste 
IEL 309, 311; Seebold 373; Lehmann 
GED 281; Bammesberger Mom. 252; Hei- 
dermanns 441-442; Kluge-Seebold 672. 

*rextin3Ó ~ *rextun3Ó sb.f.: ON rétting 
'correction', OE rihtunj 'direction, guid- 
ance, correction', OHG rehtunga 'direc- 
tion, justification'. Derived from *rextaz. 
Torp-Falk 334. 

*rextín sb.f.: Goth ga-raihtei justice, right- 
eousness', ON rétti 'straight direction', OS 
rihti 'canon, rule', OHG rdíti 'order, jus- 
tice'. Derived from *rextaz. Feist 197; 
Vries AMEW 442; Heidermanns 441. 

*rextjan sb.n.: ON van-rétti 'inflicted 
wrong', OHG in rihti 'straight ahead, 
direcdy'. Derived from *rextaz. Heider- 
manns 441. 

*rextjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-raihtjan 'to 
direct, to make straighť, ON rétta 'to 
make straight, to make straighť, OE rih- 
tan 'to righť, OFris riuchta 'to direct, to 
speak the truth', OS ríhtian 'to uplifť, 
OHG rihten 'to direcť. Derived from 
*rextaz. Torp-Falk 334; Holthausen 
AEE1\' 260; Feist 197; Vries A/VET I 7 442; 
Lehmann GED 281; Heidermanns 442; 
Fvluge-Seebold 685. 

*rextuz ~ *rextan sb.m./n.: ON réttr 
'right, law', OE riht 'straight object, per- 
pendicular, right, law', OFris riucht id., 
MLG richt id., OHG řeht id. Substanti- 
vized adjective *rextaz. Derivationally cf. 
Olr recht 'law' < *rektu-. Torp-Falk 
334; Holthausen AEEW 260; Porzig 
122; Vries AMEW 442; Onions 767; 
Lehmann GED 281. 



*rekanan str.vb.: Goth rikan 'to heap up, 
to rake up', ME reken 'to stoke a fire', 
OFris reka 'to gather', MLG reken 'to stoke 
a fire', MHG rechen id. Connected with 
Toch AB rak- 'to extend, to cover', Skt 
fjyati 'to stretch', fňjati id., Lat rego 'to 
direct in a straight way', Gk ópÉyco 'to 
stretch', Olr rígim 'to stretch ouť, Lith 
r(žiu, r(žti 'to tighten, to elongate' 
(Mertnger ZFXVII 145). Zupitza Gutt. 
198; Torp-Falk 334; Feist 397-398; 
Holthausen AEEW 255; Walde- 
Hofmann II 426-427; Mayrhofer I 
121; Pokorný I 854-856; Fraenkel 711, 
726; Frisk II 412-413; Onions 737; See- 
bold 373-374; Lehmann GED 284-285; 
Kluge-Seebold 671; Adams TB 529-530. 

*rekenaz adj.: OE recen 'ready, prompt', 
OFris rekon 'clear, open'. Derived from 
*rekanan. Derivationally close to Mír rigin 
'stiff, rigiď (Holthausen IF XX 329). 
Holthausen AEEU r 256; Pokorný I 856; 
Onions 746. 

*rekón I sb.m.: ON naut-reki 'herdsman', 
OHG anut-rehho 'drake'. Probably derived 
from *rekanan. Torp-Falk 333 (direcdy 
to Lat rex 'king', Olr rí id.); Bammes- 
berger Mom. 178. 

*rekón II sb.f: ON reka 'shověl, spade', 
OS reka 'rake', OHG mase. rehho id. 
Derived from *rekanan. Cf. *rako. Zupitza 
Gutt. 198; Torp-Falk 334; Holthausen 
AEEW 251; Vries AME]V 440; Onions 
737; Lehmann GED 284; Fvluge-Seebold 
671. 

*rekwez ~ *rekwaz sb.n.: Goth riqis 
'darkness', ON rqkkr 'twilighť. Continues 
IE *reg"os: Skt rájas 'dust, mist, darkness', 
Gk ĚpePo? 'darkness of the underworlď, 
Arm erek 'evening' (Bopp apud Aufreght 
K^I 355). Cf. also Toch A orkám, B orkmo 
'darkness' < *H(o)rg'-mon-. Kuhn K£ I 
380; Grienberger PBB XLX 527-530: 
Zupitza Gutt. 18, 93; Torp-Falk 334: 
Feist 399-400; Mayrhofer III 34-35 
Pokorný I 857; Frisk II 431-432; Vries 
AMElť 456; Seebold 374; Lehmann GED 
286; Bammesberger Mom. 212; Adams TB 
123. 



remez 



302 



reučtaz 



*remez sb.n.: Goth rimis 'rest, calmness'. 
Close to Gk -pE|ioq in TÍpenoq 'peaceful', 
comp. f]-pe|iÉo-xepo<; (an ej-stem as in 
Gmc), cf. further cognates in Skt rámate 
'to calm, to stop, to rest', Lith remti to 
support', rimti 'to be quieť (Nesselmann 
apud Aufrecht K£ I 358). Zimmer K£ 
XXIV 212; Torp-Falk 339 (to *ramd); 
Brugmann IF XV 103 (against isolating 
li- in Gk); Trautmann BSW 243-244; 
Feist 398; Čop KZ LXXIV 228; 
Mayrhofer III 44-45; Pokorný I 
864-865; Fraenkel 695, 718; Frisk I 
643; Chantraine 416; Lehmann GED 
285. 

*remiz sb.f.: ON rim 'rail', EFris rim 
'rafter'. See *ramo. Torp-Falk 339; 
Vries A/VET T 446. 

*remon sb.m.: ON rimi 'strip of lanď, OE 
rima, reotna 'edge'. Related to *ramo. 
Torp-Falk 339; Holthausen AEElf 
260; Onions 768. 

*renčt5(n) sb.f.: Norw rind 'stripe', OE rind, 
rinde 'bark', OS rinda id., OHG rinta id. 
See *randd ~ *randiz. Torp-Falk 339; 
Holthausen AEEW 261; Vries ANEW 
458; Onions 768. 

*ren3vvaz adj.: Goth un-mana-riggws 'un- 
tamed, wild (of a person)', OFris adv. 
ring 'quick, fasť, MLG ringe 'small, easy', 
OHG ringi 'small'. Identical with Gk adv. 
pí|i<pa 'easy, light, deft, adroit, swifť 
unless it continues *ppé|i(pa ~ Lith rangús 
'agile, nimble' (Schwyzer GG 275). 
Zupitza Gutt. 100; Grienberger Got. 228 
(to OE reów 'fierce, cruel'); Holthausen 
IF XX 328 (to Lat rud 'to huny'); Feist 
522; Pokorný I 332, 1155 (from 
*urenghu-); Frisk II 656—657; Heider- 
manns 445—446; Kluge-Seebold 316 (to 
Lith {rangús 'rapid, actively working'). 

*renkaz sb.m.: Burg *rinks 'warrior', ON 
rekkr 'straight, upright man', OE rim 
'man', OS rink 'man, hero, warrior', 
OHG rinc, hrinc id. Related to *rankaz 
(Holthausen IF XXXII 337). Holt- 
hausen AEEW 261; Vries ANEW 441; 
Kóbler 713; Lerchner 225; Heider- 

MANNS 437. 



*rennanan str.vb.: Goth rinnan 'to run', 
ON rinna, renna id., OE irnan id., OFris 
rinna id., OS rinnan id., OHG rinnan id. 
Continues *ren-w- < *re-nu- related to 
Hitt arnu- 'to set in motion, to bring', Skt 
máti 'to arise, to move', Av grsnaoiti 'to 
move', Gk íipvujioci 'to begin', Lat orior 
'to rise, to come forth' (Kuhn KZ II 460). 
Persson ]Vurzelerw. 25, Beitrdge 768-772 
(to Slav *rinqti 'to thrusť, *roniti 'to drop') 
Bartholomae 183-184; Torp-Falk 17 
Feist 398-399; Holthausen AEEW 261 
Walde-Hofmann II 222-223; Marttnet 
Gem. 69, 105; Kuiper Nasalprdsentia 94 (on 
similarity with Skt ranvati, pres. subj. of 
máti); Prokosoh CGG 85 (to Skt rínvati 'to 
cause to flow'); Jóhannesson IEW 63-67; 
Mayrhofer I 122; Pokorný I 326-332; 
Vries ANEW 441-442; Rix IF LXX 
25-49; Onions 777; Frisk II 422-424; 
Chantraine 824; Seebold 375—376 
(from *r-nu- and in connection with *rei- 
'to flow'); Luhr MSS XXXV 73-92 
(*-rm- < *-nH-); Lehmann GED 285-286; 
Fvluge-Seebold 688. 

*rennón sb.f: Goth rinno 'torrent, water- 
course', OHG rinna 'cataracť. Derived 
from *rennanan. Feist 399; Seebold 
375. 

*reudanan str.vb.: ON rjóda 'to redden, to 
besmear with blooď, OE reódan id., 
OHG riuten 'to exterminate, to destroy'. 
See *rauiaz. Torp-Falk 351-352 (sepa- 
rate OHG); Holthausen AEEW 257; 
Pokorný I 869, 872-873; Vries ANEW 
448; Seebold 377-378; Adams TB 538 
(to Toch AB rutk- 'to move, to remove'). 

*reuáaz adj.: Goth ga-riups 'respectable', 
ON rjódr 'ruddy, reď, OE reód 'red, red- 
dening'. Connected with *raudaz, *reuda- 
nan. FvArsten NB I 31; Grienberger 
Got. 91—92 (for dre semantic development 
cf. Slav *krasa 'beauty' ~ *krasbnr> 'red'); 
Torp-Falk 351; Holthausen AEEW 
257; Feist 199; Pokorný I 872-873; 
Vries A NE] V 449; Onions 748; Seebold 
378; Lehmann GED 148, 282; Bam- 
mesberger Nom. 240; Heidermanns 
448. 



reudran 



303 



redan 



*reudran sb.n.: ON rjóir 'clearing', OE 
Se-rie&re id. Derived from *reuianan. 
Torp-Falk 352; Holthausen AEEW 
259; Pokorný I 869; Vries AMEW 449; 
Kluge-Seebold 683. 

*reufanan str.vb.: ON rjúfa 'to break, 
to rip up', OE part. rojen 'to break, to 
renď. Related to IE *renp-\ Skt rúpyati 'to 
suffer racking pain', Lat rumpo 'to break', 
Lith rumpú, rúpti 'to become rough, un- 
even'. Zupitza Gutt. 35; Torp-Falk 
352-353; Holthausen AEEW 257; 
Walde-Hofmann II 451; Jóhannesson 
IEW 707-711; Mayrhofer III 68-69; 
Pokorný I 868-871; Fraenkel 750; 
Vries AhE]V 449; Onions 744; Seebold 
378-379; Lehmann GED 72; Heider- 
manns 447-448. 

*reukanan str.vb.: ON rjúka 'to smoke', 
OE reócan 'to reek, to smoke', OFris riaka 
'to smoke', MDu rieken, ruken id., OHG 
riohhan id. Despite the phonetic differ- 
ences, related to Lith rukti id., růkas 
'smoke, fog'. See *raukiz. Zupitza Gutt. 
164; Torp-Falk 349; Holthausen AEE\ V 
257; Jóhannesson IEW 713; Pokorný 
I 871-872 (to Lith ráugti 'to sour'); 
Fraenkel 747; Vries AMEW 449; 
Onions 749; Seebold 379-380; Lehmann 
GED 206; Kluge-Seebold 686. 

*reumón sb.m.: ON ijómi 'cream', OE 
reóma 'membráně, ligamenť, OS riomo 
'thong, leather strap', OHG riomo, riumo 
id. Cf. also MLG rom, rome 'cream', OHG 
roum id. (< *raumaz). Close to Lith raumud 
'muscle, lean meať. Schwyzer ZFXXI 
180 (from *reu3mon, to Av raogna- 'but- 
ter'); Sghróder PBB XLVII 164 (from 
*sreu- 'to flow'); Torp-Falk 348 (from 
*rújanan); Vendryes RC XLV 351 (to Lat 
ruděns 'ropě, line, corď); Kluge Mom. 
Stamm. 46-47; Holthausen AEEW 255; 
Fraenkel 707 (Lith raumuo < *raud-m-, to 
raůdas 'red-brown'); Vries AME]V 449; 
Onions 743, 767; Kluge-Seebold 664, 
686-687. 

*reuriz adj.: Goth riurs 'transient, mortal, 
perishable', ON rýrr 'thin, poor', OFris 
*riure 'transient'. Derived from *rújanan 



(Zimmer ZDADL XLX 450). Torp-Falk 
348; Feist 400; Vries AMEW 455; 
Lehmann GED 286 (to *ruxwaz)\ Heider- 
manns 449. 

*reurjanan wk.vb.: Goth riurjan 'to spoil, 
to corrupť, ON rým 'to make small, to 
depreciate'. Derived from *reuriz. Kars- 
ten MB II 447; Torp-Falk 348; Feist 
400; Pokorný I 868; Vries AVETT455; 
Lehmann GED 286; Heidermanns 449 
(from *reiu-ro-, to Lat ríuus 'stream'). 

*reutanan I str.vb.: ON rjóta 'to roar, to 
rattle', OE reótan 'to make a noise, to 
lament, to wail', MLG reten 'to make a 
noise', OHG riozan 'to weep, to howl'. 
Related to Skt roditi 'to weep, to roar', Av 
raod- 'to lament, to wail', Lat rudo 'to 
roar, to bellow', Lith rauda 'lamentation', 
raudóti 'to weep', Slav *rydati 'to cry' 
(Brugmann 11/ 1 458). Bartholomae 
1492-1493; Torp-Falk 351; Trautmann 
BSW 239-240; Holthausen AEE]V 258; 
Walde-Hofmann II 447; Jóhannesson 
IEW 705-707; Mayrhofer III 77; 
Pokorný I 867; Fraenkel 704; Vries 
ANEU' 44:9; Seebold 380-381; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 526-527. 

*reutanan II str.vb.: ON part. rotinn 'rot- 
ten'. Of unknown origin. Torp-Falk 
350 (to Lat rúdus 'rudé mass, piece of 
brass'); Pokorný I 869. 

*rěda-banón sb.m.: ON rád-bani 'acces- 
sory to a murder', OE réd-bana id. 
Compound of *redan ~ *rědaz and *banon. 
Carr Mom. comp. 55. 

*rěcta-3eb5n sb.m.: ON ráS-gjafi 'counsel- 
lor', OE réd-^ija id., OFris red-ieva judge', 
OS rad-gebo 'ruler', OHG rat-gebo 'coun- 
sellor'. Compound of *redan ~ *reiaz and 
*3ebon. Carr Mom. comp. 77 (parallel 
formations). 

*rěda-lausaz adj.: ON rád-lauss 'shifdess', 
OE rtéd-leás 'ill-advised, unwise, incon- 
siderate', OFris red-lás 'without legal 
advice', MDu red-loos 'perplexeď, MHG 
rat-los 'ill-adviseď . Compound of *rědan ~ 
*rědaz and Hausaz. Carr Mom. comp. 90 
(parallel formations). 

*rědan ~ *rědaz sb.n./m.: Burg *reps 



rečtan 



304 



nstjanan 



'advice', ON rád 'counsel, advice', OE réd 
id., OFris rěd id., OS rad id., OHG rát id. 
Derived from *rěianan. Torp-Falk 337 
Holthausen AEEW 252; Pokorný I 60 
Vries A/VET T 430-431; Zalizniak II 171 
Onions 748; Seebold 366; Lehmann 
GED 148; Kobler 713; Kluge- Seebold 
668. 

*rědanan str.vb.: Goth ga-redan 'to intend, 
to háve a pian for', ON ráda 'to advise', 
OE rédan 'to counsel, to ask advice', 
OFris rěda 'to advise, to help', OS rádan 
'to také care of, OHG rátán 'to advise, to 
consider'. Related to Skt rádhnóti 'to 
achieve, to prepare', Av ráSaiti 'to pre- 
pare', Olr imm-rádaim 'to think over, to 
consider', Lith ródyti 'to show', Slav *raditi 
'to uhink over, to care for'. Bartholo- 
mae 1520-1521; Torp-Falk 336-337; 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 591; Trautmann 
BSW 235; Feist 199; Holthausen 
AEEW 252; Jóhannesson IEW 31-34; 
Mayrhofer III 54; Pokorný I 59-60; 
Fraenkel 741-742; Vries AMEW 431; 
Onions 743; Seebold 365-367; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 430; Lehmann GED 148; 
Kluge-Seebold 668. 

*rěda-snutraz adj.: ON ráS-snotr 'clever 
with advice', OE réd-snotor 'wise in coun- 
sel'. Compound of *rěian ~ *rěii? and 
*snutraz. Carr Jíom. comp. 61. 

*rědaz adj.: Goth adv. ga-redaba 'respect- 
ably, commendably', ON hard-ráůr 'hard 
in counsel, tyrannical', OE se-rád 'consid- 
ered, instructed, learneď, OHG ein-ráti 
'secret, isolateď. Derived from *rědan ~ 
*rataz. Holthausen AEEW 252; Feist 
198-199; Schubert Erw. 62; Seebold 
366; Matzel á'^ CV 129; Heidermanns 
439-440. 

*rědjan sb.n.: ON rádi 'rule, manage- 
ment', OE řáde 'reading, lesson' (fem.), 
OFris rěde 'advice', OS gi-rádi id., OHG 
gi-ráti 'advice, secreť. Derived from 
*redan ~ *rědaz. Holthausen AEE]V 
253; Vries AMEW 456. 

*rěfan ~ *rěfon sb.n./m.: ON ráfrooť, 
OHG rávo, ráfo 'beam, girder'. Related to 
Slav *rép b jb 'burdock' (Fick BB VI 240). 



Torp-Falk 338; Holthausen AWM 222; 
Pokorný I 866; Vries AME]V 431; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 471; Abaev III 
364 (to Osset "rief 'girder'); Trubachev 
VJa XXIV/1 133 (to Slav *stro{rb 'beam, 
girder' < * srofrb < *krdpo-)\ Lerchner 
221. 

*rěmaz sb.m.: OHG rám 'dirt, sooť. Cf. 
also OE rómt3 'blackened, sooty'. Identi- 
cal with Skt ráma- 'black'. Pokorný I 
853; Dybo VSJa 27; Kluge-Seebold 
664. 

*rěs5 ~ *rěsan sb.f./n.: ON ras 'race, 
running', OE mase. rds id., MLG ras 
'strong currenť. Related to Gk £p<oT| 
'quick motion, rush, force'. Torp-Falk 
340; Holthausen AEEW 254; Pokorný I 
336; Vries AVEÍT 434; Onions 735. 

*rěsójanan wk.vb.: ON řása 'to race, to 
run', OE résan 'to rush, to move vio- 
lendy', MLG řásen 'to race, to rage', 
OHG řásen id. Derived from *reso ~ 
*resan. Torp-Falk 340; Holthausen 
AEEW 254; Vries AMEW 434, 456; 
Kluge-Seebold 668. 

*ridon sb.m.: ON -riSi 'rider' (in com- 
pounds), OE tot-rida 'swing (?)'. Derived 
from *rídanan. Holthausen AEE]V 259; 
Seebold 368. 

*rifan sb.n.: ON rif 'reef (a part of sail)', 
MLG reff id. Related to Lith ripá 'disk 
ušed by children to play with', Latv ripa 
'ring, round disk'. On the other hand, cf. 
*ňfanan. Torp-Falk 345; Pokorný I 
858; Fraenkel 737; Kluge-Seebold 674. 

*riftiz sb.f: ON ript 'a kind of cloth', OE 
rift, rifte 'veil, curtain, cloak' (neut.), OHG 
bein-reft 'trousers' (mase). Derived from 
*rffanan. Torp-Falk 345; Holthausen 
AEEW 260; Vries AMW 447 '. 

*ristiz sb.f: Goth ur-rists 'rising up, resur- 
rection', OE térist id., OHG ur-rist id. 
Derived from *nsanan. Holthausen 
AEE]V 262; Feist 527; Bammesberger 
Mom. 1 39. 

*ristjanan wk.vb.: ON ústa 'to slice', 
MLG risten id. Derived from *rlstanan. 
Torp-Falk 346; Vries AMEW 4:^% (to Skt 
risyati 'to be hurt, to be injureď). 



ndanan 



305 



npanan 



*rídanan str.vb.: ON riba 'to ride', OE 
rídan id., OFris rida id., OS pret. pl. umbi- 
ridun 'to ride arounď, OHG rítan 'to 
ride'. Related to Olr rédid 'to ride', Mír 
ríadaim id., W rhuydd-hau 'to huny', Lith 
riedú, riedeti 'to roli (also of a wagon)', 
Slav *ridati 'to move'. Torp-Falk 343; 
Holthausen AEE]V 259; Kluge 
594-595; Jóhannesson IEW 702-704; 
Porzig 120; Pokorný I 861; Fraenkel 
729; Vries AJÍE]V 444; Onions 767; 
Seebold 367-368; Lehmann GED 281; 
Goriacheva Etim. 1986-1987 156-157 
(Slavic reconstruction); Fsluge- Seebold 
678. 

*rífanan str.vb.: ON rífa 'to tear', OFris 
riva id. Related to Gk ápeíjico 'to throw, 
to dash down' (Fick KZ XLX 263-264). 
Torp-Falk 344; Jóhannesson IEW 
698-701; Pokorný I 858; Vries AJYEW 
445; Frisk II 552; Seebold 368; Kluge- 
Seebold 676, 686. 

*rífaz adj.: ON rifr 'munificent, abun- 
danť, OE rife 'rife, abundanť, MLG fíve 
'wasteful, easily available'. An alternativě 
reconstruction is *fíiaz. Derived from 
*rifanan. Torp-Falk 345; Holthausen 
AEEW 260; Pokorný i 858; vries ÁNEW 
445; Onions 767; Matzel KZ CV 95; 
Heidermanns 442-443. 

*ríxanan str.vb.: WFris riuwe 'to string', 
MLG rigen id., MHG fíhan 'to plait, to 
turn'. Related to Skt rikháti 'to scratch', 
Gk ápeÍKto 'to bruise, to pounď. Mayr- 
hofer III 58; Pokorný I 858; Frisk II 
551-552; Kluge-Seebold 676. 

*ríkja-d5maz sb.m.: ON rík-dómr 'power, 
mighť, OE ríce-dóm 'power, rule, domin- 
ion', OFris fíke-dom 'power, mighť, OS 
fíki-dom 'richness, fortuně', OHG ňh-tuom 
id. Derived from *fíkjaz. Heidermanns 
450. 

*ríkjan sb.n.: Goťh reiki 'realm, authority', 
ON ríki 'power, might, empire', OE rice 
id., OFris ríke id., OS rlki id., OHG ňhhi 
id. Substantivized *fíkjaz or direct bor- 
rowing from Celtic, cf. Mír ríge 'kingdom' 
< *regiom. Torp-Falk 342; Feist 396; 
Holthausen AEEW 258; Trier ./VGTTG 



1943 535-537 (directly to *reg- 'to fence') 
Jóhannesson IEW 1 136; Pokorný I 856 
Vries AMW 446; Zalizniak I 145 
Vendryes R-25; Seebold 369; Lehmann 
GED 283; Bammesberger JVom. 67; 
Heidermanns 451; Fvluge-Seebold 675- 
676. 

*ríkjanan wk.vb.: ON ríkja 'to reign, to 
rule', OHG gi-rihhen id. Derived from 
*fíkjaz. Torp-Falk 342; Heidermanns 
450. 

*ríkjaz adj.: Goth reikeis 'noble, distin- 
guished, princely', ON ríkr 'mighty, pow- 
erful', OE rice id., OFris fík id., OS rlki 
id., OHG fíhhi 'rich, mighty'. Derived 
from *rlkz. Torp-Falk 342; Feist 
396-397; Holthausen AEEW 258; 
Pokorný I 856; Vries ANEW 446; 
Onions 766; Ross-Thomson IF LXXXI 
176-179; Normier KZ XCI 187; 
Lehmann GED 293; Seebold 369; 
Heidermanns 450-451; Kluge-Seebold 
676. 

*ríkz sb.m.: Goth reiks 'ruler, lord, prince'. 
Borrowed from Celtic, cf. Olr rig (Arbois 
de Jubainville MSL VII 288-290). 
Sghweizer KZ I 559 (related to Skt rajan- 
'king'); Torp-Falk 342; Feist 396-397; 
Vrtes ANEW 446; Pokorný I 856; Evans 
BBCS XXLX 230-255; Onions 766; 
Ross-Thomson IF LXXXI 176-179; 
Lehmann GED 283; Bammesberger Nom. 
199; Schmidt ZfceltPh XLI 382-384; 
Griepentrog IVurzelnomina 350—366. 

*ríman sb.n.: ON rím 'computation', OE 
lim 'number', OS un-fím 'uncountable 
number', OHG mase. fím 'row, number'. 
Identical with (or, more plausibly, bor- 
rowed from) Olr rím 'number', W rhif id. 
If *rlman continues an IE source, it is 
further connected with Toch B ydrm 
'measure', Gk ápapíaKco 'to join together, 
to fasten', otpi9(ióq 'number' (Persson 
Bátrdge 741-742). Torp-Falk 342; Holt- 
hausen AEE1V 260; Pokorný I 60; Frisk 
I 139; Vries AJVEW 446; Zalizniak II 
171; Seebold 370 (on OHG str. pret. gi- 
reirn); Kluge-Seebold 677. 

*rípanan str.vb.: OE repan 'to reap'. A 



npanan 



306 



rofan 



variant of *ňfanan? Cf. also WGmc adj. 
*rípaz ~ *ňpiz'. OE ripe 'ripe, mature', OS 
ripi id., OHG rif rifi id. Torp-Falk 
344; Holthausen AE£7 1^261; Pokorný I 
858 (to *rei- 'to tear'); Onions 769; 
Seebold 371; Matzel K^ CV 95; 
Heidermanns 443-444; Rluge- Seebold 
676. 

*rípaz ~ *rípó sb.m./f.: Burg *ripa 'slope, 
bank', ON rípr 'crag', EFrís Úp, ripe 'bor- 
der, edge, bank, shore', MHG rif 'bank, 
shore'. Connected with *rífanan, *ňpanan. 
Despite the phonetic difficulties, it is 
tempting to compare it with Lat ripa 
'bank', W rhiw 'slope, hilT (in pln.). 
Loth RC XLIII 140; Torp-Falk 344- 
345; Vries ANEW 447; Kobler 713. 

*rísanan str.vb.: Goth ur-reisan 'to ríse', 
ON rísa id., OE rísan id., OFris risa id., 
OS rlsan id., OHG rísan 'to toss, to falT. 
From *rii-s- related to *nianan. Torp- 
Falk 345; Wiedemann BB XXVIII 72 (to 
Lith rýtas 'morning'); Uhlenbeck PBB 
XXX 319 (to Lat ríuus 'small stream of 
water, brook'); Il'inskii IORJaS XXIII/ 
2 240-241 (to Slav *rěxati 'to roam'); 
Feist 527-528; Holthausen AEEW 261; 
Jóhannesson IEW 63-67; Pokorný I 
326-332 (to *er- ~ *or-); Vries ANEW 
447 (to Skt rinati 'to stream, to release', 
Gk ópívco 'to stir, to raise'); Onions 769; 
Seebold 371—372; Kluge-Seebold 677. 

*rístanan str.vb.: ON rísta 'to cut, to 
slash'. Related to *ňtanan, *npanan. 
Torp-Falk 346 (to Skt rísjati 'to be hurt, 
to be injureď); Pokorný I 859; Vries 
ANEW U%. 

*rítanan str.vb.: OSwed rita 'to scratch', 
MLG ríten 'to rend, to tear', OHG rizan 
id. Related to *ňpanan. Persson 
Wurzelerw. 12, 102-103 (to Lat irrito 'to 
stir, to provoke'), Beitráge 773 (to Lat ríma 
'cleft, crack' < *reid-ma); Torp-Falk 343. 

*ríbaz sb.m.: OE ríi 'small stream', OS rith 
'torrens'. Structurally close to Skt rití- 
'stream', W rhid 'semen', Olr riathor 'tor- 
rens', further to *(e)rei- 'to move, to flow' 
(Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 67-68). Torp-Falk 
341; Pokorný I 330. 



*r5anan str.vb.: ON róa 'to row', OE 
rówan id. Identical with Olr raid id., fur- 
ther related to Lith iriú, irti id. Torp- 
Falk 346; Holthausen AEEW 264; 
Jóhannesson IEW 67—68; Pokorný' I 
338; Fraenkel 187; Vries ANEW 450; 
Onions 775; Seebold 381-382; Kluge- 
Seebold 691. 

*r5b(j)ón sb.f: MLG rove 'beeť, OHG 
ruoba id. Close to Lith rópé id., Lat rapům 
id., Gk pá7ru<; id., pácptx; id. An old cul- 
tural loanword (Hoops Waldbáume 350). 
Slav *rěpa id. goes back to the samé 
source but, in view of its vocalism (hardly 
resulting from ablaut), must háve been 
borrowed separately. Torp-Falk 347 
Petersson GL 32; Trautmann BS1 V 237 
Walde-Hofmann II 418; Pokorný I 852 
Fraenkel 743; Frisk II 645; Gindin Etim. 
55—63 (from Thrac *raph- 'beeť). 

*r5djanan wk.vb.: Goth rodjan 'to talk, to 
speak', ON raba 'to speak', OFris rěda id. 
Identical with Olr no-ráidiu 'to say', Lith 
ródyti 'to show, to point to', Slav *raditi 
'to care for'. Connected with *rědanan. 
Torp-Falk 347; Feist 400; Trautmann 
BSW 235 Porzig 122 (from Celtic); 
Pokorný I 59; Chemodanov SGGJa I 68, 
100; Fraenkel 741-742; Vries ANEW 
457; Schulze Kl. Schr. 476; Scardigli 
Goten 227 (on G reden < *rafijanan semantic- 
ally influenced by *rodjanan); Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 430; Lehmann GED 
286-287. 

*r5ct5(n) sb.f: Gep *roda 'roď, ON ráda 
'rood, holyrood, crucifixion', OE rád 
'pole, rod, cross', OFris rod, rode 'gallows', 
OS roda 'pole, cross, crucifixion', OHG 
mota 'branch, pole'. Of unknown origin. 
Curtius Gr. Et. 352 (to Lat rudis 'stirring 
spoon'); Lewy KZ XL 422 (to Lat 
ratis 'raft, floať); Torp-Falk 347 (to 
OCS ratište 'laňce shafť); Holthausen 
AEEW 262; Pokorný I 866; Vries 
ANEW 450; Zalizniak II 180; Onions 
772; Kobler 715; Kluge-Seebold 
697 (to Lat retae 'trees standing on the 
bank'). 

*r5fan sb.n.: ON staf-róf 'alphabeť, OE 



rofan 



307 



ruciron 



sec^-róf 'host of men (?)', OHG ruoba 
'number, sum' (fem.). Related to IE *rep-; 
Gk ápéjtxonai 'to feed on', Alb rjep 'to 
strip off, to tear off', Lat rapio 'to seize 
and carry off, to snatch', Lith repiu, reptí 
'to grasp'. For ure semantic development 
cf. Lat numerus 'number' ~ IE *nem- 'to 
také'. Holthausen zLEEI T 263; Pokorný 
I 865; Vries ANEW 450, 541 (to *raino); 
Onions 749. 

*r5kaz sb.m.: MLG rbke 'care', OHG ruoh 
id. Derivationally close to Gk áptoyri 
'help'. Related to *rekanan. Meringer 
IF XVII 144-145 (semantic develop- 
ment); Torp-Faek 346-347; Pokorný I 
857; Seebold 374 (to Gmc *rekanan > 
OHG part. fer-rachen 'to indulge in vice'); 
Lehmann GED 280. 

*rókjanan wk.vb.: ON rmkja 'to také care 
of, to heeď, OE rícan id., OS rbkian id., 
OHG bi-ruohhen id. Derived from *rokaz. 
Zupitza Gutt. 198; Torp-Falk 347; 
Holthausen AEEW 262; Vries ANEW 
457; Onions 746; Seebold 374; Lehmann 
GED 280, 284, 287; Heidermanns 452; 
Kluge-Seebold 317. 

*r5kjaz adj.: ON roskr 'legitimate', OHG 
un-bi-ruoh 'unheedeď. Derived from *rok- 
janan. Heidermanns 452. 

*r5taz adj.: OE rot 'glad, cheerful'. 
Identical with Slav *radt> id. (Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXII 536) Torp-Falk 347; Traut- 
mann BSW 235; Holthausen AEEW 
263; Pokorný I 853; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 85; Vasmer-Trubachev III 429; 
Heidermanns 453. 

*r5|5raz ~ *róbran sb.m./n.: ON róbr 
'rowing', OE róber 'rudder, oar', OFris 
roder id., MLG roder id., OHG ruodar id. 
Derived from *rbanan. Cf. a similar 
derivational structure with a different 
ablaut grade in Skt arítra- 'oar'. Torp- 
Falk 346; Kluge Nom. Stamm. 695; 
Holthausen AEEW 264; Pokorný I 
338; Vries ANEW 450; Zalizniak II 
203; Onions 775; Seebold 382; 
Bammesberger Nom. 87; Kluge-Seebold 
695. 

*r5|5rjan sb.n.: ON radri 'rudder', OE pl. 



3e-rébru 'rudder, helm'. Derived from 
*rópraz ~ *ropnan. Vries ANEW 457. 

*rówaz adj.: ON rór 'calm, composeď, 
OE rów 'quiet, calm, milď. See *rowo. 
Karsten MB I 197-198; Torp-Falk 346; 
Holthausen AEEh r 264; Pokorný I 338; 
Vries 4JVEIK451; Heidermanns 454. 

*rowó sb.f: ON ró 'rest, calm, quietness", 
OE rów 'quiet, rest', MLG rowe id., OHG 
ruowa id. Another ablaut grade is attested 
in MLG ráwe id., OHG rawa id. < *rěuio. 
Etymologically identical with Lith rosa 
'boulder left behind on a meadow after 
the flooď and Gk épcor) (jioXí\ioio) 'calm 
of the batde' (Fick K~ XXII 375; 
Schmidt A~ II 375-376). Torp-Falk 
346; Holthausen AEEW 264; Pokorný I 
338; Fraenkel 708 (Lith rová — to ráuju, 
ráuti 'to scuffle'); Vries ANEW 449; 
Zalizniak I 149; Frisk I 573; Lehmann 
GED 281; Heidermanns 454; Kluge- 
Seebold 695. 

*ručtan sb.n.: ON rud 'clearing', OFris 
rothe id., OHG rod id. Derived from 
*reuianan. Torp-Falk 352; Vrdís ANEW 
452; Kluge-Seebold 690. 

*ručt(j)an sb.n.: ON ryb" 'rusť, mase. rybr 
id., MHG rot id. Close to Slav *rbdja id. 
See *raudaz. Torp-Falk 351; Vries 
ANEW 454. 

*ruděnan wk.vb.: ON roba 'to gleam reď, 
OHG rotěn 'to turn reď. Derived from 
*rudo(n). Cf. structural parallels in Lat 
ruběre 'to be reď and Slav *ruděti 'to 
become reď (< *roudh). Torp-Falk 
351; Holthausen AEE]V 264; Walde- 
Hofmann II 444-445; Vries ANEIV é50. 

*ručtjanan wk.vb.: ON rydja 'to clear', OE 
ryddan 'to strip'. Derived from *reudanan. 
Torp-Falk 352; Holthausen AEEW 
265; Vries ANEW 454. 

*rudó(n) sb.m./f: ON robi 'redness', OE 
rudu id., MLG rode id. Related to *rauiaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 264; Vries ANEW 
450; Lehmann GED 282; Bammesberger 
Nom. 110. 

*ručtrón sb.f: ON robra 'blooď. Based on 
the unattested *rudraz 'reď identical with 
Toch A rtar, B ratre, Gk épu9pó<; id., Lat 



ruciron 



308 



rupatjanan 



ruber id., Slav *rbdrb id. Torp-Falk 351; 
Holthausen AEE]V 265; Schwentner 
KZ LXXIII 110-111; Walde-Hofmann 
II 444-445; Pokorný I 872-873; Vries 
ANEW 450; Frisk I 567-568; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 453; Schindler KZ 
LXXXI 71; Risch Festschr. Szemerényi 
708-709; Heidermanns 454; Adams TB 
526. 

*ru3Íz ~ *ru33Ón sb.m.: ON rugr 'rye', 
OE ryse id., OFris rogga id., OS roggo id., 
OHG roggo id. Identical vvith Lith rugys 
id., Slav *n,b> id. (Meyer BB XX 121; 
Fick^XXLX 241; Hirt BB XXII 235). 
It is not clear if this group of words is 
related to Thrac ppíí^oc id. < *urughia 
(indicative of the initial *«-). Hoops 
Walibáume 447-461; Zupitza Gutt. 179; 
Torp-Falk 350; Charpentier ANF 
XLVI 63-73 (from Balt); Trautmann 
BSW 246; Holthausen AEEW 265, 
AWN 233; Porzig Gliederung 143; Senn 
KZ LXXI 186; Detschew Thr. 87-88; 
Pokorný I 1 1 83; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
82-83; Gindfn Etim. 65 (from Thrac) 
Fraenkel 745-746; Vries ANEW 453 
Zalizniak II 225; Onions 778-779 
Stang LS 46; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
493-494; Lůhr Expr. 291; Kluge- 
Seebold 690. 

*ru3lojanan wk.vb.: ON rugla 'to con- 
founď, MHG rugelen 'to stir'. Related to 
*rukkaz ~ *rukkon. Torp-Falk 335; 
Pokorný I 869. 

*rukan ~ *rukiz sb.n./m.: Norw dial. rok 
'currenť, MLG roke 'smell', MHG ruch id. 
Derived from *reukanan. Torp-Falk 
349. 

*rukkaz sb.m.: ON rokkr jerkin', OE roce 
'upper garmenť, OFris rokk 'skirť, OS rok 
'overcoať, OHG (h)roc id. Related to Olr 
rucht 'tunica' < *ruktu-, MW rhuch(en) 
'coať. Torp-Falk 350; Holthausen 
AEEW 262; Martinet Gém. 192; 
Pokorný I 874; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
99; Zalizniak I 134; Kluge-Seebold 
689-690. 

*rukkaz ~ *rukkón sb.m.: ON rokkr 
'distaff', MLG rocken id., OHG roc, rocko 



id. Related to Skt luňcati 'to tear, to 
pluck', Gk ópúooro 'to dig up', Lat runco 
'to weed out, to root up'. Zupitza Gutt. 
216 (to Olr rucht 'tunica'); Holthausen 
AWN 231 (to *raxo(n)); Torp-Falk 
349-350 (to OE renje 'spider (?)' and fur- 
ther to Gk ápá^vri id., Lat aránea id.); 
Torp NNEO 541 (to *wrari3az); Walde- 
Hofmann II 453; Martinet Gém. 196 
Mayrhofer III 105; Pokorný I 869 
Vries ANEW 451; Frisk II 430-431 
Onions 770; Fvluge-Seebold 690 (from 
Rom *rotica derived from Lat roto 'to 
turn'). 

*rukkiz sb.m.: ON rykkr 'hasty pulF, MDu 
ruc 'start, jolť, OHG ruc 'movemenť. 
Related to *rukkjanan. Torp-Falk 335; 
Fvluge-Seebold 694. 

*rukkjanan wk.vb.: ON rykkja 'to pull 
roughly and hastily', MLG rucken 'to 
rock', OHG jram-rucken 'to go away'. 
Related to *rukkaz ~ *rukkb~n. Torp- 
Falk 335; Holthausen AEEW 262; 
Martinet Gém. 77; Vries ANEW 455; 
Onions 770; Kluge-Seebold 694. 

*rumpaz sb.m.: ON rumpr 'ramp, but- 
tocks', MHG rutnp 'body, beehive'. 
Identical with Lith rumbas 'edge, border', 
furdier related to Lith rambús 'lazy, duli', 
Slav *rqbb 'eut, edge'. Torp-Falk 336; 
Trautmann 5>Sir 236; Pokorný I 
864-865; Fraenkel 696. 

*run(n)iz sb.m.: Goth runs 'race, running, 
course', ON runnr 'bush, grove', runi 'flux' 
(íz-stem), OE ryne 'course, run', OFris rene 
'blood triekling', OHG run 'walk, run- 
ning'. Derived from *rennanan. Kuhn 
R'Z I 380; Torp-Falk 17; Holthausen 
AEE]V 265; Feist 401; Seebold 376; 
Lehmann GED 285, 288. 

*runsiz sb.f: Goth ga-runs 'street, market- 
place', OHG runs 'river-bed, stream' 
(mase, fem.). Derived from *run(n)iz. 
Based on an í-stem reflected in Skt neut. 
árnas- 'undulating, surging'. Feist 200; 
Mayrhofer 151; Seebold 376. 

*rupatjanan wk.vb.: ON rypta 'to belch', 
OHG roffezzen id. Cf. also ON reptá id. < 
*rapatjan. Related to *raupjanan. Torp- 



rupatjanan 



309 



rum o 



Falk 337 (to Norw dial. rapa 'to belch'); 
Pokorný I 871. 

*rupp5janan wk.vb.: ON ruppa 'to pluck', 
ME ryppen id., MLG roppen id., OHG 
ropfón id. Intensive of *raupjanan. 
Martinet Gém. 169; Vries ANEW 454; 
Lehmann GED 282. 

*ruskjó sb.f.: Norw dial. ryskje 'hair-grass' 
(neut.), rusk id. (< *ruskb~), OE ryse, rysce 
'rush, btilrush', MLG rusch 'reed, bul- 
rush'. Related to Lith rúzginti 'to gnarl, 
to murmur, to move, to touch', ruzgiis 
'surly, sulky'. Torp-Falk 341 (to IE *rezg-: 
Lith régzti 'to kniť, Skt rájjii- 'ropě'); 
Pokorný I 868; Fraenkel 753. 

*rust5 ~ *rustaz sb.m./f.: Norw dial. 
růst 'rusť, OE růst 'rusť, OS rošt id., 
OHG rošt id. Etymologically connected 
with *raudaz. Close to Skt neut. losla- 
'rust of iron', Lith rústas 'brown-reď 
(Johansson IF VIII 162-163). Torp- 
Falk 351; Holthausen AEEh r 264; 
Mayrhofer III 118; Pokorný I 872; 
Fraenkel 752; Vries/UVETK452; Onions 
778; Seebold 378; Bammesberger Nom. 
77; Kluge-Seebold 692. 

*rutaz adj . : ON sbst. rot 'concussion of the 
brain from a blow', E rot, MDu rot 'rot- 
ten'. Derived from *reutanan II. Vries 
ANEW 452. 

*rubójanan wk.vb.: ON roba 'to huddle 
together', OFris rothia 'to grub up, to 
clear', MLG roden id., OHG rodon 'to 
stub, to root ouť. Derived from *reudanan. 
Vries ANEW 450. 

*ruxwaz adj.: OE rúh 'rough', MLG ruch 
id., OHG rúh id. Related to Skt luňcati 'to 
tear, to pluck', Lat runco 'to weed out, to 
root up', Lith runkú, rúkti 'to be wrinkleď. 
Zupitza Gutt. 137; Torp-Falk 350; Holt- 
hausen AEE1V 264; Walde-Hofmann 
II 452; Mayrhofer III 105; Pokorný 
I 869-870; Fraenkel 747-748; Vries 
ANEW 454; Onions 774. 



p ruxwjon 



k rúxwm sb.f: ON rýja 



'rag', OE rýhe 'rug, rough covering', OS 
rúwi 'rough skin', OHG ruhl id. Derived 
from *růxwaz. Torp-Falk 350; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 265; Lehmann GED 286. 



*rujanan wk.vb.: ON rýja 'to pluck the 
wool off sheep'. Related to Toch AB 
ruwa- 'to pull ouť, Skt rávati 'to shatter, 
to batter', Lat rud 'to fall down, to 
rush down', Lith ráuju, ráuti 'to scuffle, to 
tear ouť, Slav *rbvq, *ruti 'to tear' 
(Osthoff Morph. Unt. IV 28-29). 
Persson Beitráge 287-289; Torp-Falk 
348; Trautmann BSW 247; Walde- 
Hofmann II 453-454; Pokorný I 868; 
Fraenkel 708-709; Adams TB 537; 
Dybo BSA 33-34. 

*ruman ~ *rumaz sb.n./m.: Goth rum 
'room, space', ON rum id., OE rúm id., 
OFris rúm id., OS rúm 'distance', OHG 
rum 'room, space'. Based on *rúmaz. 
Torp-Falk 353; Holthausen AEEW 
264; Feist 400; Pokorný I 874; Vries 
ANEW 453; Zalizniak II 171; Onions 
773; Lehmann GED 287; Heidermanns 
455; Kluge-Seebold 670. 

*rumaz adj.: Goth rums 'roomy, spacious', 
ON rúrnr 'roomy, ample, spacious', OE 
rúm 'roomy, spacious, ample', OFris rúm 
'spacious', MDu ruum 'wide, broaď, 
OHG rúmi id. A form in *-mo- related to 
Av ravah- 'open space', Lat rús 'country- 
side', Olr róe 'field, open lanď (Fick I 
118, 529; Osthoff Morph. Unt. IV 126). 
Further cf. Toch AB ru- 'to open'. 
Sůtterlin IF XLV 308 (from *rú^maz, 
to Skt loká- 'open space, pláce, worlď); 
Bartholomae 1513; FvArsten JVB II 
237-238, 456; Torp-Falk 353; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 264; Walde-Hofmann II 
454; Feist 401; Pokorný I 874; Vries 
ANE]l r 4:53; Lehmann GED 287; Bammes- 
berger JVom. 244-245; Heidermanns 
455-456; KVluge- Seebold 670. 

*rumjanan wk.vb.: ON rýma 'to make 
room', OE rýman 'to make roomy, to 
extenď, OFris raná 'to clear', OS rúmian 
id., OHG rúmen 'to give away, to 
weaken'. Derived from *rúman ~ *rúmaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 265; Vries ANEW 
455; Lehmann GED 287; Heidermanns 
456. 

*rum5 sb.f: Goth Ruma 'Róme', ON 
Rúma-borg id., OHG Rúm-liuti 'Romans'. 



rumo 



310 



sačtaz 



An old borrowing from Lat Róma 
(Jellinek GGS 182-185). Feist 400- 
401; Stender-Petersen 484—485; Corazza 
Lat. 39-40; Lehmann GED 287. 

*runa-stabaz sb.m.: ON rúna-stafi 'Runic 
letter', OE rún-stief id., OHG rún-stab 'let- 
ter, character'. Compound of *runo and 
*staíaz. Carr JVom. comp. 51-52. 

*runjan sb.n.: Goth ga-runi 'counsel, coun- 
cil', ON rým, 'scrutiny, contemplation', 
OE rýně 'mystery', OS gi-rúni id., OHG 
ga-runi id. Derived from *rúno. Torp- 
Falk 348-349; Feist 199-200; Lehmann 
GED 287. 

*runó sb.f.: Goth runa 'mystery, secreť, 
ON rún 'secret, mystery, runě', OE rún 
'whisper, mystery, secret, runě', OS runa 
'confidential talk, advice', OHG runa 
'mystery'. Directiy related to (Vendryes 
R-53— 54) or borrowed from Celtic (Mar- 
strander NTS I 175-177): Olr rún 
'secret, mystery', W rhin 'secret, mystery, 
charm', Bret rin 'secret, wisdom'. Further 
might be connected with Gk épéto, 
eiponai 'to ask, to seek', ápeuváro 'to 
find ouť (Feist 401). Cf. also *rauno. 
Torbiornson Festschr. JVoreen 255-257 (to 
Gk Oupavog ~ Skt Vámna-); Torp-Falk 



348 (to *rújanan > OE rýan 'to roar, to 
rage'); Holthausen AEEW 264; Dumezil 
Mythes 24 (follows Torbiornson); Arntz 
RK 294-296; Pokorný I 337, 867 (to 
*reu- 'to roar'); Chemodanov SGGJa I 96 
Vries ANEW 453-454; Zalizniak I 147 
Frisk I 467-468; Onions 777; Polome 
GPG 65 (to Hitt hurtaliia- 'to chant a mag- 
ical formula'); Lehmann GED 287-288; 
VAN Windekens MSS XLLX 152-153 (to 
Hitt harwaši- 'hidden, secreť); Morris 
PBB CVII 344-358 (separates *rúno 
'mystery' from *runo 'runě'); Bammes- 
berger JVom. 115; Fvluge-Seebold 670, 
696. 

*rún5n sb.m.: ON mni 'counsellor, frienď, 
OE 3e-rúna 'counsellor', OHG gi-rúno id. 
Derived from *rúno. Torp-Falk 348; 
Vries ANEW 454. 

*ruson sb.f: Norw dial. rusá 'weel, bow- 
net, weir-baskeť, MLG ruse id., OHG 
rúsa 'fish-trap'. Related to *rausan ~ 
*rauzan. Torp-Falk 332; Pokorný I 
332. 

*rutjanan wk.vb.: ON ryta 'to squeal (of 
boars and pigs)', MDu ruten, ruyten 'to 
grunt', OHG ruzen id. Derived from 
*reutanan I. Vries ANE}\ 7 456. 



*sa pron.: Goth sa 'this, drať, ON sá id., 
OE se, sió id. Identical with IE *so id.: Skt 
sá 'that, he', Av ha, ho, Gk 6, OLat acc. 
sum 'eum'. Corresponding feminine and 
neuter forms are *so and *pat (the latter 
could be generalized): Goth so, pata, ON 
sú, pat, OE pat, OFris thet, OS that, OHG 
daz. Brugmann Dem. 20-32, Grundriji 
II/2 313-321; Bartholomae 1718-1727; 
Torp-Falk 420; Holthausen AEEW 
286; Feist 402; Walde-Hofmann II 
628-629; Mayrhofer III 410; Pokorný 
I 978-979, 1086-1087; Vries ANEW 



459; Frisk II 342-343; Onions 914; 
Lehmann GED 289. 
*saáaz adj.: Goth saps 'satisfied, sated, 
full', ON sabr, saddr 'sateď, OE sďd 'sated, 
weary, filleď, OS sad 'full', OHG sat 
'full, sated'. Continues IE *s)tós, a partici- 
ple in *-to- identical with Gk a-axoQ 
'insatiable' < *n-ssto- based on *sá- 'to 
satisfy': Lat satis 'enough, sufficienť, Olr 
sáith 'satisfaction', Lith sotús 'satisfied, 
replete'. Fíarsten NB II 306; Torp- 
Falk 421; Trautmann BSW 250; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 267; Walde-Hofmann II 



sačtaz 



311 



sa3iilaz 



481-482; Feist 41 1-412; Wissmann Posti: 
67-68; Pokorný I 876; Fraenkel 857; 
Vries AVEIť 459; Frisk I 2; Onions 781; 
Szemerényi K? XCIII 103-107 (sepa- 
rates Goth saps < *saiiz similar to Lat 
satis 'repleteness'); Lehmann GED 296; 
Bammesberger Mom. 252; Heidermanns 
458-459; Kluge-Seebold 705. 

*saďjanan wk.vb.: ON seija 'to satiate', 
OE seddan 'to satisfy', MHG seten id. 
Derived from *sadaz. Torp-Falk 421; 
Hoethausen AEEW 288; Vries AMEW 
466; Lehmann GED 296. 

*sačtula-fou3Ón sb.m.: ON sqdul-bogi 
'saddle-bow', OE sadol-boga id., MLG 
sadel-boge id., OHG satul-bogo id. Com- 
pound of *sadulaz and *bu^5n. Carr 
JVom. comp. 79 (parallel formations). 

*sadulaz sb.m.: ON sqdull 'saddle', OE 
sadol id., OFris sádel id., MLG sádel id., 
OHG satul, šatil id. Derivation from *set- 
janan is phonetically difficult. Probably an 
old loanword from Slav *seďblo 'saddle'. 
Lidén PBB XV 515 (continues *sodlo- < 
*sod-tlo-)\ Saussure MSL VI 247 (against 
reconstructing *sod-tlo); Torp-Falk 427; 
Holthausen AEE]V 266; Pokorný I 886 
(from "East IE"); Vries AMEW 578; 
Zalizniak I 135; Martynov Jazyk 25-26 
(Gmc < Slav); Onions 781; Seebold 
397 (reconstructs *satulaz)\ Vasmer- 
Trubaohev III 589-590; Lehmann GED 
306; Keuge-Seebold 705. 

*safjanan str.vb.: OS af-se-ffian 'to per- 
ceive', OHG in-sebben id. Related to Lat 
sapio 'to taste', Olr saer 'artful; artist, 
artisan'. Meyer Got. 962 (to Gk k\\iía 
'amusement, plaything'); Wood JEGP 
II 218 (to Skt sápati 'to foster, to 
seek'); Torp-Falk 431; Holthausen 
AEEW 288; Walde-Hofmann II 477; 
Jóhannesson IE]V 763-764; Pokorný I 
880; Chemodanov SGGJa I 103; Ven- 
dryes S-6; Seebold 383; Lehmann GED 
302. 

*safjón sb.m.: ON seji 'mind, affection', 
OE sefa 'understanding, minď, OS sebo 
'sense, feeling'. Derived from *sajjanan. 
Torp-Falk 431 (reconstruct *sebón); 



Holthausen AEEW 288; Vries AMEW 
467; Seebold 383. 

*sa3Janan ~ *sa3ěnan wk.vb.: ON segja 
'to say, to telí', OE sec^an id., OFris sedza, 
sega id., OS seggian id., OHG sagěn id. 
Related to *saso(n). Torp-Falk 425; 
Holthausen AEEW 288; Pokorný I 898; 
Vries AMEW 467; Onions 792; Kluge- 
Seebold 699; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*sa3J5n sb.m.: ON segi, sigi 'slice, bit, cloť. 
Close to Olr seche 'hide, skin' (Lidén BB 
XXI 95). Connected with *sa^o. Vries 
AMEW ASI. 

*sa3nó sb.f: ON sqgn 'tale, report', 
OE se^en 'saying, statemenť. Derived 
from *saýanan ~ *sa^ěnan. Holthausen 
AEEW 267; Vries AMEW 578. 

*sa3Ó sb.f: ON sqg 'saw', OE sa^u id., 
MLG sage id., OHG sága id. (cf. also sega 
id.). Related to Lat seco 'to cuť, Mír 
tescaid id., Lith \sékti 'to incise, to cuť, 
Slav *sěkti 'to cuť. Meillet MSL XVII 
195; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. II 612; Torp- 
Falk 424; Trautmann BS]V 255; 
Holthausen AEE1\ t 269; Walde- 
Hofmann II 504-505; Pokorný I 
895; Fraenkel 773; Vries AMEW 578; 
Zalizniak I 147; Onions 791-792; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 593; Kluge- 
Seebold 699. 

*sa3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON sága 'to saw', E 
saw id., MLG sagen id., MHG sagen id. 
Derived from *j«jo. Vries AMEW 459. 

*sa3Ó(n) sb.f: ON sága 'tale, story, sága', 
OE sa^u 'saying, story, tale', OFris sege 
id., MLG sage id., OHG sága 'tale, mes- 
sage'. Derivationally close to Lith pd-saka 
'story'. An abstract noun related to IE 
*sek"-: Gk Ěvénto 'to telí', Lat inseque 
'announceď, MW hebu 'to speak', Lith 
setít, sekti 'to telí'. Torp-Falk 426; 
Trautmann 55II 7 254; Holthausen 
AEEW 269; Walde-Hofmann I 702; 
Pokorný I 898; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
75; Fraenkel 773; Zalizniak II 180; 
Vries AMEW 459; Frisk I 464; Onions 
792; Kluge-Seebold 699. 

*sa3ulaz adj.: ON sann-sqgull 'truthful', 
OE leás-sa^ol 'mendacious'. Derived from 



sa3ulaz 



312 



sailjanan 



*sayjanan ~ *sa^enan. Karsten MB II 
285; Holthausen AEEW 268; Vries 
ANEW 578; Heidermanns 459. 

*sa3\vjaz sb.m.: ON seggr 'man, OE sec3 
id. Identical with Lat socius 'fellow, com- 
panion' (Curtius Gr. Et. 460). Related to 
Skt sákha 'friend, companion', Av haxay- 
id. Uhlenbeck IF XIII 218, K% XX 
559; Zupitza Gutt. 72; Bartholomae 
1744; Hirt Urgerm. II 40; Torp-Falk 
424; Holthausen AEEW 288; Walde- 
Hofmann II 551-552; Mayrhofer III 
413; Pokorný I 896-897; Vries ANEW 
467; Bammesberger Nom. 67. 

*saxsan sb.n.: ON sax 'a kind of sworď, 
OE seax 'knife, a short sworď, OFris sax 
'sworď, OS sahs id., OHG sahs 'small 
sword, knife'. Derivationally close to Lat 
saxum 'rock'. Further related to *sa3<j. 
Uhlenbeck IF XVII 99 (to Slav *soxa 
'wooden plough'); Zupitza Gutt. 137 
(samé as Uhlenbeck); Persson Beitrdge 
304; Torp-Falk 424; Holthausen 
AEEW 288; Walde-Hofmann II 484; 
Pokorný I 895 (from *sek- 'to cuť); Vries 
AjXEW 465-466; Zalizniak I 143; 
Onions 791-792; Kluge-Seebold 698; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*saxsaz ~ *saxsón sb.m.: ON pl. Saxar 
'Saxons', OE pl. Seaxe id., OS Sahso 
'Saxon', OHG Sahso id. Derived from 
*saxsan. Holthausen AEE]\ t 288; Vries 
ANEW 466. 

*saxtaz adj.: Goth adv. un-sahpaba (leg. un- 
sahtaba) 'indisputably, accordingly', ON 
sáttr 'reconciled, agreeing'. Derived from 
*sakanan, cf. *saxtiz. Karsten J\ÍB II 
331; Zupitza Gutt. 209; Torp-Falk 423; 
Feist 407, 523; Pokorný I 876-877; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 87; Vries ANEW 
463-464; Lehmann GED 292-293; 
Heidermanns 459—460. 

*saxtiz sb.f.: Goth ga-sahts 'reproach, refu- 
tation', OE seht 'settlement, agreemenť 
(fem., mase). Derived from *sakanan. 
Torp-Falk 424; Wood MLN XXIV 
49 (Goth in-sahts 'account, report', OE 
in-siht 'account, narrative', to *sa3o); 
Holthausen AE£TF 288; Feist 200, 294; 



Seebold 384; Lehmann GED 206; 
Bammesberger JVom. 145. 

*sai interj.: Goth sai 'here, see', OHG 
se id. Form of *sa. Torp-Falk 421; 
Pokorný I 978-979. 

*saidaz ~ *sai{íaz sb.m.: ON seidr 
'banď, OE sada 'cord, halter, snare', 
OHG seid 'band, string' (neut.), seito id. 
Related to Skt setu- 'binding, fětter, bond, 
bridge', Av haětu- 'dam', Lat saeta 'mane, 
(horše) hair', Lith saítas 'string, banď, 
sietas 'corď, Slav *sétb 'neť. Meillet 
MSL XIV 348; Bartholomae 1728; 
Torp-Falk 438; Trautmann BSW 252- 
253; Holthausen AEEW 266; Mayr- 
hofer III 501; Pokorný I 892; Fraenkel 
756; Vries ANEW 468; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 614; Lehmann GED 207; 
Hamp IF LXXXVII 72-75; Kluge- 
Seebold 700. 

*saÍ3(w)az adj.: ON seigr 'tough', OE on- 
sd^e 'falhng upon, assailing, attacking', 
MLG sěge 'with watery eyes', OHG ana- 
seigi 'hostile'. Derived from *sí3(w)anan. 
Karsten MB II 445; Torp-Falk 440; 
Holthausen ^££II 7 267; Vries ANEW 
468; Seebold 389 (reconstructs *saÍ3Íž); 
Matzel Festschr. Schroder 94, KZ CV 96; 
Heidermanns 460-461. 

*saixaz sb.m.: ON sár 'large cask', OE sá 
'tub, pail, vessel'. Identical with Lith 
saíkas 'measure of capacity'. Further 
related to Toch B sik- 'to set fooť, Gk 
iko) 'to come, to attain', Lith síekiu, síekti 
'to reach, to measure capacity' (Fick GGA 
1891 207). Zupitza Gutt. 137; Torp- 
Falk 422; Pokorný I 893 (to IE *seik- 'to 
be enough'); Fraenkel 755, 781; Vries 
JJVETK463; Frisk I 719-720; Adams TB 
691. 

*sailjanan wk.vb.: Goth in-sailjan 'to let 
down', ON refl. seilask 'to stretch out 
one's hands', OE sMan 'to fasten with a 
corď, OFris sela 'to make ropes, to bind 
with a ropě', MLG selen id., MHG seilen 
id. Derived from *sailo ~ *sailan. Torp- 
Falk 438; Holthausen AEEW 267; Feist 
294; Lehmann GED 206; Kluge-Seebold 
755. 



sailo 



313 



sai£>az 



*sailo ~ *sailan sb.f./n.: ON seti 'string', 
OE sál 'ropě, cord, line', OFris sel 
'string', OS sel id., OHG seti id. Deri- 
vative in *-/- related to Hitt išhiia- 'to 
binď, Skt sjíáti 'to bind, to tie, to fetter', 
Latv siet id. Structurally close to Slav *silo 
'noose, snare' with a different ablaut 
grade. Lith át-sailě 'connecting rod 
attached to the axle' is an independent 
formation. Torp-Falk 438; Trautmann 
BSW 253; Meillet MSL XIV 348; 
Holthausen AEE] V 269; Mayrhofer III 
549-550; Pokorný I 891-892; Fraenkel 
755; Vries ANEW 468; Zalizniak II 
175; Vasmer-Trubachev III 621-622; 
Lehmann GED 206; Hamp RRL XXXII 
107; Fvluge-Seebold 755. 

*saimaz sb.m.: Burg *saims 'liquid, cloť, 
ON seimr 'honey-comb', OS sem 'nectar, 
honey', OHG seim id. Probably related to 
Gk aín<x 'blooď (Fick apud Loewenthal 
PBB XLIX 416). Torp-Falk 422; 
Vries ANEW 468-469; Frisk I 39; 
Chantraine I 34; Kóbler 713; Heider- 
manns 462; Kluge-Seebold 755 (to 
*sí3(w)anari). 

*sainiz adj.: ON seinn 'slow, slack', OE 
séne 'slow, duli, sluggish', MHG seine 
'slow, slack'. Related to Lith at-sainiis 
'careless' (with a secondary zí-stem?). Cf. 
*sinenan. FsArsten NB II 365; Torp- 
Falk 439; Feist 405; Holthausen AEE1\' 
267-268; Pokorný I 891; Fraenkel 771; 
Vries ANEW 469; Schubert Erw. 70; 
Lehmann GED 291-292; Matzel K£CV 
97; Heidermanns 462-463. 

*sainjanan ~ *sain5janan wk.vb.: 
Goth sainjan 'to delay', ON seina id., OE 
á-sánian 'to languish, to grow weak'. 
Derived from *sainiz. Torp-Falk 439; 
Holthausen AEE\V 270; Feist 405; 
Vries ANE]V 469; Lehmann GED 
291-292. 

*saip(j)5(n) sb.f.: OE sápe 'soap', sáp 
'amber, resin', MLG sěpe id., OHG seifa 
id. Derived from *sipanan. Torp-Falk 
440; Schrader-Nehring II 284 (to Lat 
sěbum 'tallow, suet, grease'); Holthausen 
AEEW 270; Vries ANEW 462-463 (to 



Norw sípá 'to cry, to blubber', OE sypian 
'to také in moisture'); Onions 842; 
Kluge-Seebold 754-755. 

*saira-bótiz sb.f.: ON pl. sár-bostr 'com- 
pensation for a wounď, OE sár-bót id. 
Compound of *sairan and *botiz. Carr 
Nom. comp. 82 (parallel formations). 

*saira-líkaz adj.: ON sár-ligr 'sore', OE 
sár-líc 'sad, mournful, lamentable', OFris 
ser-lik 'painful', OHG ser-líh id. Derived 
from *sairaz. Heidermanns 464. 

*sairan sb.n.: Goth sair 'pain', ON sír 
'sore, wounď, OE sír 'pain, suffering, 
soreness', OFris ser 'pain, wounď, OS 
ser 'pain, sorrow', OHG ser 'pain, 
suffering' (also mase.). Substantivized 
*sairaz. Grtenberger Got. 578-579 (to 
ON seidr 'spell, charm'); Hirt PBB XXIII 
354 (to Gk ^Tipóí 'dry'); Torp-Falk 422 
Holthausen AEEW 270; Feist 405 
Pokorný I 877; Vries ANEW 463 
Zalizniak II 171; Onions 847; Lehmann 
GED 292; Heidermanns 464. 

*sairaz adj.: ON sán 'sore, woundeď, OE 
sár 'sore, painful, grievous', OFris adv. 
sere 'very', OS ser 'grievous', OHG ser 
'sad, gloomy'. May be related to Olr saeth 
'illness', W hoed id. < *sai-tu-, Lat saeuus 
'fierce' < *sai-uo-, Latv sievs 'sharp, 
biting'. Brugmann 11/ 1 498 (to Lat 
saucius 'wounded, hurť < *sai-úcios); 
Grienberger Got. 178-179 (to ON seidr 
'spell, charm'); FsArsten MB II 259- 
260; Torp-Falk 422; Feist 405-406; 
Holthausen AEEW 270; Walde- 
Hofmann II 462-463; Pokorný I 
877; Vries ANEW 463; Onions 847; 
Vendryes S-6-7; Lehmann GED 292; 
Heidermanns 463-464; Fvluge-Seebold 
754. 

*sairjanan wk.vb.: ON stera 'to wounď, 
OFris sera id., OS serian 'to injure', OHG 
seren 'to cause worry, to sadden'. Derived 
from *sairan. Torp-Falk 422; Vries 
ANEW 576; Heidermanns 464. 

*saibaz sb.m.: ON seidr 'spell, charm'. 
Close to MW hut 'praestigiae, ilfusio'. 
Based on ON síoa 'to practise sorcery' < 
*slianan. Derivationally close to W hud 



sarbaz 



314 



sakanan 



'magician' < *soito-. Perhaps further con- 
nected with *saiiaz ~ *saílpaz. Torp- 
Falk 440; Pokorný I 892; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 67; Fraenkel 756 (Lith saítas 
'emblém, divination, talisman' represents 
a metaphoric usage of saítas 'bucket 
ropě'). 

*saiwaló sb.f.: Goth saiwala 'soul', OE 
sáwel id., OFris sele id., OS sěola, sela 
id., OHG sěola, sela id. Derived from 
*saiwiz ~ *saiwaz (Grimm DG 99), prob- 
ably because of a Germanic belief in 
souls born out of and returning to sacred 
lakes (Weisweiler IF LVU 25-55). 
Schweizer R'Z I 152; Helten PBB XX 
508-510; Kogel GGA 1897 655 (to Gk 
mbXoc, 'rapid' < *ca\foXoc,); Zupitza 
Gutt. 76; Grienberger Got. 179 (to Lat 
saeuus 'fierce'); Persson BB XLX 276-278 
(to Slav *sila 'strength'); Bréae MSL 
XVI 131—132 (originál adj. related to 
*sěljanan); Torp-Falk 422-423; Walde 
IF XII 382 (reconstructs Gmc *saiwlo, to 
Lat saeuus); Neckel Walhall 49 (recon- 
structs the originál meaning as 'breath' ~ 
'life'); Holthausen AEEW 270; Feist 
406; Porzig Gliederung 125; Pokorný I 
877; Zalizniak II 180; Koivulehto NM 
LXVIII 113-118; Mezger KZ LXXXII 
285—287 (from *swai-walo 'one's own 
will'); Onions 848; Lehmann GED 292 
(against Feist); Kluge-Seebold 753. 

*saiwi-bur3z sb.f: ON sjó-borg 'sea-town', 
OE sá-burs id., OFris se-burch 'sea- 
dyke'. Compound of *saiwiz ~ *saiwaz 
and *bur3Z- Carr Nom. comp. 78 (par- 
allel formations). 

*saiwi-čteuzan sb.n.: ON sjó-dýr 'sea ani- 
mal', OE sé-déor 'sea-beasť. Compound 
of *saiwiz ~ *saiwaz and *ieuzan. Carr 
Nom. comp. 55. 

*saiwi-fiskaz sb.m.: ON sjó-fiskr 'sea-fish', 
OE sé-jisc id., MLG sě-visch id. Com- 
pound of *saiwiz ~ *saiwaz and *fiskaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 78 (parallel formations). 

*saiwi-lan<ian sb.n.: ON toponym Sjó- 
land, OE sá-land 'maritime districť, OFris 
sě-land id., Du zee-land id., OHG sěo-lant 
id. Compound of *saiwiz ~ *saiwaz and 



*landan. Carr Nom. comp. 78 (parallel 
formations). 

*saiwi-mannz sb.m.: ON sjó-mair 'sea- 
man', OE sé-mann id., MLG se-man id., 
G Seemann id. Compound of *saiwiz ~ 
*saiwaz and *mannz. Carr Nom. comp. 
78 (parallel formations). 

*saiwi-we3az sb.m.: ON sjó-vegr 'way on 
the sea', OE sé-wes 'sea-way'. Compound 
of *saiwiz ~ *saiwaz and *we^az. Carr 
Nom. comp. 55. 

*saiwiz ~ *saiwaz sb.m.: Goth saiws 
'sea, lake, marshlanď, ON sér, sjár, sjór 
'sea, lake' (gen. sg. sévar ~ sés), OE sé 
id. (mase, fem.), OFris si id., OS seo 
id., OHG se, seo id. Probably, connected 
with Lat saeuus 'fierce' and Latv sievs, 
slvs 'sharp' (Kuhn KZ LXXI 149). 
Schweizer KZ I 152; Fick II 260 (to Lat 
saeuus 'fierce'); Persson UUA 1891 6-7 (to 
Lith sývas 'juice', Gk caováto 'to moisten, 
to fomenť); Grienberger Got. 179 
(< *saÍ3wiz, to *si3(w)anan)\ Zupitza 
Gutt. 68—69; Collinder Festschr. Pipping 
85 (from Uralic); Loewenthal ANF 
XXXII 292-293 (to *skinanan); Torp- 
Falk 440; Holthausen AEE]V 266; 
Walde-Hofmann II 462-463; Feist Idg. 
26—27 (a pre-Germanic loanword), 406— 
407; Schrader-Krahe Idg. 37 (samé as 
Feist); Weisweiler IF LVU 25—55 (samé 
as Feist); Pokorný I 877; Vrtes ANE]V 
575; Zalizniak II 188; Onions 804; 
Ebbinghaus GL XI 15—16 (follows 
Grienberger); Koivulehto NM LXVIII 
113-118; Meid Festschr. Kronasser 91-93; 
Lehmann GED 292; Kluge-Seebold 753; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*sakanan str.vb.: Goth sahan 'to dispute, 
to argue', OE sacan 'to fight, to strive, to 
disagree', OFris seka 'to argue', OS sakan 
'to rebuke', OHG sahhan 'to argue, to lit— 
igate'. Related to Hitt šak- 'to know', Gk 
fiyéouai 'to go before, to lead the way', 
Lat sagio 'to feel, to notice', Olr saigid 'to 
seek, to aspire'. See *sokjanan (Schweizer 
KZ I 566). Zupitza Gutt. 164; Torp- 
Falk 423; Mezger KZ LXI 259-262 
(samé as Schweizer); Wood IF XIII 1 1 9 



sakanan 



315 



saliz 



(to Olr saigim 'to say'); Bezzenberger 
BB XVI 255 (samé as Wood); Feist 
407; Holthausen AEEW 266; Walde- 
Hofmann II 464-465; Pokorný I 
877-878; Frisk I 621-622; Seebold 
383-385; Martynov Jazyk 26-27 (from 
Slav *sočiti 'to accuse'); Lehmann GED 
292-293; Springer IEur. 39-44; Kluge- 
Seebold 698. 

*sakjó(n) sb.f.: Goth sakjo 'dispute, quar- 
rel', OE sace 'strife, contest, conflicť, 
OHG sečka 'strife'. Derived from *sako. 
Zupitza Gutt. 164; Holthausen AEEW 
267; Feist 407; Vries AMEW 469; 
Onions 782; Seebold 384; Lehmann 
GED 293; Bammesberger JVom. 113; 
Kluge-Seebold 698. 

*sakkuz ~ *sakkiz sb.m.: Goth sakkus 
'sack', ON sekkr id., OE seecc 'sack-cloth' 
(n-stem), OS sakk 'sack', OHG sac id. (a- 
stem). An old borrowing from Lat saccus 
id. (Gaebeler Z dph XLm 3). Torp- 
Falk 423; Holthausen AEE]V 268; Feist 
407; Martinet Gém. 64, 106, 193; 
Corazza Lat. 21-22, 43; Zalizniak II 
203; Onions 780; Lehmann GED 293; 
Kluge-Seebold 698-699. 

*sako sb.f.: ON sqk 'charge, guilt, crime, 
suit', OE sacu 'strife, contention, distress', 
OFris seke 'thing', OS saka 'charge, accu- 
sation, čase', OHG sahha 'čase'. Derived 
from * sakanan. Zupitza Gutt. 11, 164; 
Torp-Falk 423; Holthausen AEElť 
266; Pokorný I 878; Vries AMEW 578; 
Zalizniak II 218; Onions 782; Seebold 
384; Lehmann GED 293; Bammesberger 
JVom. 109; Kluge-Seebold 698. 

*sak5janan wk.vb.: ON saka 'to blame, to 
hurť, OE sacian 'to strive, to brawl'. 
Derived from *sakanan. Holthausen 
AEEW 266; Vries AMEW 460. 

*sakon sb.m.: ON saki 'loss' (unless a mis- 
take for sakni id.), OE and-saca 'denire, 
opposer, enemy', OFris wither-saka 'adver- 
sary', OS and-saco id., OHG widar-sahho 
id. Derived from *sakanan. Holthausen 
AEEW 266; Vries AMEW 460. 

*salbó sb.f: OE sealf, sealfe 'salvě, oint- 
menť, OS šalba id., OHG šalba id. 



Related to Toch A salyp, B salype 'fat, 
butter, oil', Skt sarpí- 'melted butter', Gk 
'éXizoc,- zXawv, oxéap, er)6r|vía; 'éXipoq- 
poÚTupov (Hes.), Alb gjalpě 'butter' 
(Schmidt KZ II 316). Torp-Falk 437; 
Holthausen AEEW 286; Mayrhofer III 
446; Pokorný I 901; Zalizniak I 148; 
Frisk I 503; Onions 785; Chantraine 
342-343; Lehmann GED 293; Kluge- 
Seebold 701; Orel AED 129; Adams TB 
652-653. 

*salbójanan wk.vb.: Goth salbon 'to 
anoinť, OE sealjian id., OS salbon id., 
OHG salbon id. Derived from * 'sáli 5. 
Torp-Falk 437; Holthausen AEEW 
286; Feist 407-408; Pokorný I 901; 
Lehmann GED 293; Kluge-Seebold 701. 

*sali-3astiz sb.m.: Run Swed prop. sali- 
gastiR, OE sele-^ist 'guest in a halí', 
OLFrank prop. Sali-gast. Compound of 
*saliz ~ *salaz and *^astiz. Friesen UUA 
1924/4 98 (ON < WGmc); Vries AMEW 
461. 

*salix(j)o(n) sb.f: ON selja 'sallow', OE 
mase. sealh, salh id., OHG salaha id. 
Related to Lat salix id., Mír sail id. 
Zupitza Gutt. 210; Holthausen AEEW 
286; Walde-Hofmann II 469; Porzig 
Gliederung 101-102; Pokorný I 879; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 101; Vries AME]\ 7 
469; Zalizniak II 218; Onions 784; 
Benveniste IEL 108; Kluge-Seebold 702. 

*salibwó sb.f: Goth salipwa 'inn, 
dwelling', OE steld 'dwelling, abode', OS 
selitha id., OHG selida id. Derived from 
*saliz ~ *salaz. Close to Slav *selitva 
'dwelling'. Brugmann Grundrifi 11/ 1 
449-450; Torp-Falk 436; Holthausen 
AEEW 267; Feist 408; Pokorný I 898; 
Lehmann GED 293-294. 

*sali-wartlaz ~ *sali-warduz sb.m.: 
ON sal-vqrbr 'porter, janitor', OE sele- 
weard 'hall-warder' . Compound of *saliz 
~ *salaz and *wardaz. Carr Nom. comp. 
82 (parallel formations). 

*saliz ~ *salaz sb.m./n.: ON salt 'halí', 
OE sele 'halí, house, dwelling', sal 'halí', 
NFris seal id., OS seli id., OHG sal 
'house, halí'. Related to Lith sálá 'island', 



saliz 



316 



salwaz 



Slav *selo 'fielď. Grienberger Got. 180 
(to Lat soleo 'to look after, to care for'); 
Torp-Falk 435-436; Meringer IF XVI 
182, XVIII 241-242 (follows Grien- 
berger and adds Lat solum 'floor'); 
Trautmann BSW 248; Holthausen 
AEEW 267, 289; Feist 408; Pokorný I 
898; Chemodanov SGGJa I 82; Fraenkel 
758 (Lith sála is derived from sálá 'to 
flow'); Vries ANEW 461; Zalizniak II 
224; Fraenkel 758; Vasmer-Trubachev 
III 596; Lehmann GED 294; Kluge- 
Seebold 698. 

*saljanan wk.vb.: Goth saljan 'to sacrifice', 
ON selja 'to hand over, to seli' (irreg.), 
OE sellan 'to give, to furnish, to deliver', 
OFris sella 'to hand over, to seli', OS gi- 
sellian id., OHG sellen id. Gausative of 
unattested str. *selanan further related to 
Gk éXeív 'to také', Olr selaim 'to také' 
(Osthoff PBB XIII 457-458). Meillet 
Etudes 419 (to Slav *sblaá 'to senď); 
CoLLrrz Prát. 69-70 (to Gk aXko\ia\ 'to 
spring, to leap'); Torp-Falk 435; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 289; Feist 408-409; 
Pokorný I 899; Vries ANE]V 461, 469 
(to Goth saljan 'to stay', see * 'saliz ~ 
*salaz); Frisk I 487-488; Onions 808; 
Stang LS 56; Benveniste IEL 108-109; 
Mezger KZ LXXXIII 124-149; Leh- 
mann GED 294. 

*sal5(n) sb.f.: ON sála 'sále', OE mase. 
sála id., OHG sak 'transfer of property'. 
See *saljanan. Torp-Falk 435; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 269; Vries ANEW 460; 
Onions 783; Lehmann GED 294; Kluge- 
Seebold 701. 

*salta-fatan sb.n.: ON salt-Jat 'salt-vať, 
OE sealt-fďi 'vessel for salt, salt-cellar', OS 
salt-fat 'salt-vať, OHG salz-faz id. Com- 
pound of *saltan and *fatan. Carr Nom. 
comp. 78 (parallel formations). 

*saltan sb.n.: Goth salt 'salť, ON salt id., 
OE sealt id., OS salt id., OHG salz id. 
Closely related to Lith saldús 'sweeť, Slav 
*solďbtb id. Further connected to other 
continuants of IE *sal- 'salť: Toch A sále, 
B sályiye, Gk a\q, Arm al, Lat sál, 
Slav *solb. Schmidt Plur. 182-183; 



Uhlenbeck PBB XX 564 (to *salwaz); 
Torp-Falk 436; Trautmann BSW 249, 
298; Holthausen AEEW 286; Walde- 
Hofmann II 465-466; Feist 409 
Fraenkel 759-760, KZ XLII 234 
Jóhannesson IEW 765; Pokorný I 879 
Vries ANEW 461; Zalizniak I 143 
Frisk I 78-79; Onions 784; Seebold 
385; Vasmer-Trubachev III 713, 715; 
Lehmann GED 294; Kluge-Seebold 702; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*saltanan str.vb.: Goth saltan 'to salť, OE 
sealtan id., MLG solten id. (wk., with str. 
part.), OHG salzan id. Related to *saltan. 
Identical with Lat sallo 'to salť, Olr sail- 
lim id. Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 114; Torp- 
Falk 436; Feist 409; Holthausen AEE] V 
286; Walde-Hofmann II 465; Pokorný I 
879; Vries ANEW 461; Onions 784; 
Seebold 385-386; Lehmann GED 294; 
Kluge-Seebold 702. 

*salta-stainaz sb.m.: ON salt-steinn 'salt- 
stone', OE sealt-stán 'pillar of salt, rock 
salť, OHG salzstein 'pillar of salť. Com- 
pound of *saltan and *stainaz. Carr 
Nom. comp. 78 (parallel formations). 

*saltojanan wk.vb.: ON salta 'to salť, 
OHG salzon id. Derived from *saltan. 
Torp-Falk 436; Heidermanns 466. 

*saltaz adj.: ON saltr 'salty', OE sealt 
id., OFris salt id., MLG solt 'salty (of 
water)'. Derived from *saltan. Originally 
identical with die íí-stem: Lith saldús 
'sweeť, Slav *soldb-kt> id. Karsten NB 
I 48-49; Torp-Falk 436; Feist 409; 
Holthausen AEEW 286; Pokorný I 
878-879; Fraenkel 759; Vries ANEW 
461; Onions 784; Seebold 385; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 713; Lehmann GED 
294; Heidermanns 466; Boutkan OFED 
s.v. 

*salwaz adj.: ON sqlr 'yellow', OE sedu 
'dusky, dark', MDu sálu 'dirty, pale 
yellow', OHG sálo 'dark, black'. Related 
to Slav *sol'ďb 'cream-colored, sallow'. 
Karsten NB II 196-197; Loewenthal 
KZ Lil 222 (to Lat sedmo 'salmon') 
Schwentner FB 2 1-24, KZ LXXIII 1 1 7 
Uhlenbeck PBB XX 264, XXII 536 



salwaz 



317 



samon 



Kook ANF X 306; Torp-Falk 437; 
Naumann ANNS 104; Holthausen 
AEEW 269, Al\ r N 298; Schulze Kl. Schr. 
118-119 (to *sal-u- 'salť); Pokorný I 
879; Vries ANEW 578; Stang LS 52; 
Onions 784; Vasmer-Trubaohev III 712; 
Lehmann GED 294; Heidermanns 466- 
467. 

*sama-kunjaz adj.: Goth sama-kuns 'of 
the samé kin', ON sam-kynja 'of the samé 
kinď. Compound of * samon and *kunjan 
(see *kunjaz). Structurally similar to Gk 
ó|ió-yvioq 'of the samé origin'. Torp- 
Falk 433; Feist 410; Frisk I 307; 
Lehmann GED 294-295. 

*sama-líkaz adj.: Goth sama-leiks 'equal, 
identical', ON sam-líkr 'like, similar', 
OHG sama-lih id. Compound of *samon 
and *likaz. Holthausen AEEJV 269; 
Feist 410; Lehmann GED 142, 295. 

*samaně adv: Godr šamana 'togedrer', ON 
šaman id., OE samen id., OFris samin, semin 
id., OS šaman id., OHG šaman id. 
Identical with Skt šamana id. (Wacker- 
nagel Festschr. Geiger 229) and Olr samain 
'festival of Tara', bech-samain 'bee- 
swarm' (Stokes KZ XL 245, Urkelt. 293). 
Further connected with *samon. Torp- 
Falk 433; Holthausen AEE]V 270; Feist 
410; Wackernagel-Debrunner 11/ 2 
205; Pokorný I 905; Vries ANEW 
461-462; Mayrhofer III 435 (doubts 
the direct comparison with Germanic); 
Lehmann GED 295; Kluge-Seebold 703, 
917. 

*samanin3Ó ~ *samanun3Ó sb.f.: ON 
samning 'agreement, treaty', OS samanunga 
'congregation, community', OHG sama- 
nunga id. Derived from *samaiú. Vries 
ANEW4&2. 

*saman5janan wk.vb.: ON samna, safna 
'to gather, to collecť, OE samnian id., 
OFris samenia, somnia id., OS samnon id., 
OHG samanon id. Derived from *samanZ. 
Torp-Falk 433; Holthausen AEEW 2 70; 
Vries ANEW 462; Kluge-Seebold 703. 

*samanabaz sb.m.: ON samnadr 'gaťher- 
ing, host', OFris samnath id. Derived from 
*samane. Vries ANEW 462. 



*samab(e) adv.: Goth samap 'together', 
OE samod id., OS samad id., OHG samant, 
samit id. Etymologically close to Gk ónóoe 
'together' < *Ó|íote (Brugmann KVG 455). 
Cf. also Skt smát, sumát id. (Mayrhofer 
III 548) and Olr samud 'assembly' < 
*sama-t-u- (Stokes Urkelt. 293). Further 
connected with *samon. Torp-Falk 433 
Holthausen AEEW 270; Feist 410 
Pokorný I 902-905; Frisk II 390 
Lehmann GED 295; Kluge-Seebold 703. 

*sama-westiz sb.f: ON sam-vist 'living 
together', OE sam-wist 'living together, 
cohabitation, matrimony', OHG satna- 
wist 'consortium'. Compound of *samon 
and *westiz I. Torp-Falk 433. 

*samaz adj.: Goth lustu-sama 'longed for', 
ON samr 'agreeing, willing', OS fiithu-sam 
'peaceful', OHG lioht-sam 'obvious'. See 
*samon. Karsten NB II 453; Torp-Falk 
433; Feist 409; Holthausen ^££11' 
269-270; Pokorný I 902-904; Vries 
ANEW 461-462; Dishington IESt IV 
436, 439-440; Heidermanns 467-468. 

*samín sb.f: ON mann-semi 'valour', OHG 
arbeit-saml 'hardship, difficulty'. Derived 
from *samaz. Heidermanns 467. 

*samjanan wk.vb.: Goth samjan 'to seek 
to please', ON semja 'to arrange, to shape, 
to compose'. Derived from *samaz. 
Wood MP II 475 (to Gk ijiiepoc; 'gende'); 
Torp-Falk 433; Feist 410; Vries ANEW 
470; Lehmann GED 295 (to * samon); 
Heidermanns 467. 

*sam5janan wk.vb.: ON veg-sama 'to 
honor, to glorify', OHG gireht-samon 'to 
be said jusdy'. Derived from *samaz. 
Vries ANEW 461-462; Heidermanns 
468. 

*samón adj.: Goth sama 'samé', ON sami, 
samr id., OE adv. swá samé 'in the samé 
way', OS sama, samo 'samé', OHG samo 
id. Identical widr Skt samá- 'equal, like, 
the samé, even', Av hamá- 'equal, the 
samé', Gk ónó<; 'one and the samé', Olr 
-som 'that one' (Bugge K^XX (1872) 31). 
Cf. also *samaz. Bartholomae 1773; 
Karsten NB II 453; Schmidt KZ XXXII 
372; Torp-Falk 432-433; Feist 409; 



samon 



318 



san^ojanan 



Holthausen AEEW 269-270, AWN 237; 
Porzig Gliederung 128, 199; Mayrhofer 
III 437 (separates Gk from Indo-Iranian); 
Pokorný I 902-904; Vries ANEW 461- 
462; Frisk II 390; Onions 785; Lehmann 
GED 294-295; Dishington IESt IV 436, 
439-440; Bammesberger Nom. 238; Hei- 
dermanns 468; Kluge-Seebold 917. 

*sampjaz adj.: OE séfte 'gende, milď, OS 
adv. sdftor 'simply, easily', OHG samfti 
'simple, easy'. Identical with Skt voc. 
santya (address to Agni) (Hoffmann MSS 
XXIII 29-38). Torp-Falk 433; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 306; Mayrhofer III 429; 
Pokorný I 904; Onions 843 (to *samaz)\ 
Rosengren 22-29; Heidermanns 468— 
469. 

*sančta-kurnan sb.n.: ON sand-korn 
'grain of sanď, OE sand-corn id., G Sand- 
korn id. Compound of *sandaz ~ *sandan 
and *kurnan. Carr Nom. comp. 78 (paral- 
lel formations). 

*sandaz ~ *sančtan sb.m./n.: ON sandr 
'sanď, OE sani id., OFris sand, sond id., 
OS sand id., OHG sant id. From an ear- 
lier *samdaz. Close to Gk li[iaQoq 'sanď. 
Probably deríved from *sem- 'to pour': 
Gk ánáonai 'to gather', Olr to-ess 'to 
pour ouť, Lith semiú, sémti 'to scoop'. 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. II 624; Torp-Falk 
430-431; Holthausen AEEW 270; 
Kuiper Festschr. Kretschmer 218; Pokorný I 
146 (to Gk yánnoq 'sand'), 901-902; 
Fraenkel 774-775; Vries ANEW 462; 
Zalizniak II 171; Frisk I 84; Onions 
786; Kluge-Seebold 703. 

*sandjanan wk.vb.: Goth sandjan 'to 
senď, ON senda id., OE sendan id., OFris 
senda id., OS sendian id., OHG senten id. 
Causative of *senpanan 'to go'. Torp- 
Falk 430; Holthausen AEEW 289; Feist 
410-411; Vries ANEW 470; Onions 809; 
Seebold 395; Lehmann GED 295-296; 
Kluge-Seebold 758. 

*san3Janan wk.vb.: OE sendan 'to singe', 
OFris sanga, senga id., MLG sengen id., 
OHG bi-sengen id. Cf. also Icel sangr 
'singeď. Identical with Slav *sqčiti 'to dry, 
to boil'. The underlying str. vb. is not 



attested. On the other hand, if *sanýanan 
was originally connected with sacrificial 
practices, it might be connected with 
*sen3wanan — cf. similar cases in Skt hávate 
'to invoke, to address' ~ juhóti 'to pour' 
(Hfrt Idg. Gr. II 189), Slav *péti 'to sing' 
~ *piti 'to drink' (Trubachev VSJa-P 
135-138). Zupitza Gutt. 205; Torp- 
Falk 429; Holthausen AEEW 289; 
Pokorný I 907; Onions 829; Vasmer- 
Trubaghev III 814; Kluge-Seebold 
758. 

*san3waz sb.m.: Goth saggws 'song' 
(z-stem), ON sqngr id., OE sans 'sound, 
singing', OFris song 'song', OS song id., 
OHG sang id. (mase, neut.). Structurally 
close to Gk ó|x(pr| 'voice'. Derived from 
*sen3ivanan. Bloch BSL XXXI 62 (adds 
Pkt samghai 'to say, to teach'); Loth RC 
XLI 377; Torp-Falk 429; Holthausen 
AEEW 27 '0; Feist 403; Pokorný I 907 
Vries ANEW 578; Zalizniak II 188 
Frisk II 392-393; Chantraine 801 
Onions 846; Seebold 393; Lehmann 
GED 302; Bammesberger Nom. 53. 

*sankwan sb.n.: Goth saggqs 'setting (of 
the sun), Occidenť, ON sqkk 'sinking'. 
Derived from *senkwanan. Close to Slav 
*ob-sqga 'frost, sweať (Aniktn Etim. 1983 
48-49). Feist 403; Vries ANEW 576; 
Seebold 394. 

*sankwjanan wk.vb.: Goth saggqjan 'to 
plunge, to immerse', ON sqkkva 'to sink', 
OE sencan id., OFris sanza, senza id., OS 
bi-senkian id., OHG senken id. Causative of 
*senkwanan. Torp-Falk 429; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 289; Feist 403; Vries 
ANEW 576-577; Seebold 394; Kluge- 
Seebold 758. 

*sanbaz ~ *san|5an sb.m./n.: ON sannr 
'truťh, justice', OE sód id., OS soth id. 
Derived from *sanpz- Torp-Falk 430. 

*sanbjanan wk.vb.: ON senná 'to chatter, 
to telí', OE sedan 'to declare true, to 
affirm', OFris sannia id. Derived from 
*sanpz- Torp-Falk 430; Holthausen 
AEEW 306; Vries ANEW 470; Lehmann 
GED 329; Heidermanns 469. 

*sanbojanan wk.vb.: ON sanna 'to prove, 



sanpojanan 



319 



saučtiz 



to affirm', OE ^e-sódian 'to prove the 
truth, to bear witness', OHG sandon 'to 
prove, to affirm'. Derived from *sanpz. 
Torp-Falk 430; Vries ANEW 462; 
Heidermanns 470. 

*sanj)-llkaz adj.: ON sann-ligr 'just, fair, 
řiť, OE sóS-lú 'true, genuine, unfeigneď, 
OS soth-lik 'true'. Derived from *sanpz. 
Heidermanns 469. 

*sanj)-wurdan sb.n.: ON pl. sann-yrSi 
'true words', OE sáS-word 'true worď, OS 
soth-word id. Compound of *sanpz and 
*wurdan. Carr Nom. comp. 87 (parallel 
formations). 

*sanjíz adj.: Burg *sanps 'true, truthfuF, 
ON sannr, sadr 'true', OE sád id., OS sóth 
id. An old active participle similar to 
OLith sant{, Slav *sy-jb. Further cf. Lat 
sons 'guilty, criminal'. See *esti. Torp- 
Falk 430; Wissmann KZ LX 285; 
Holthausen AEEW 307; Walde- 
Hofmann II 560; Porzig Gliederung 112, 
194; Pokorný I 341; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 87; Fraenkel 124; Vries ANEW 
462; Onions 846; Meid Wortbild. 150, 
172; Watkins Festschr. Lané 186-194; 
Seebold 177, Sprache XV 14-45; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 817; Lehmann 
GED 329; Bammesberger Nom. 202; 
Kobler 713; Heidermanns 469—470. 

*sap5n ~ *sapan sb.m./n.: ON safi 'sap', 
OE sap id., MLG sap id., OHG saj, sapf 
id. Despite phonetic difficulties, related to 
Lat sapa 'must, new wine boiled thick' 
(Curtius Gr. Et. 512). Torp-Falk 431; 
Solmsen KZ XXXIV 62 (Gmc < Lat); 
Holthausen AEEW 268; Walde- 
Hofmann II 476-477; Pokorný I 880; 
Onions 787; Kxuge-Seebold 699. 

*sarkiz sb.m.: ON serkr 'shirť, OE sere, syrc 
id. Borrowed from Lat saríca 'silk'. 
Miklosioh 316 (from Slav *sorka 'shirť); 
Fórstemann KZ XLX 355 (to Lidi šařkas 
'piece of clothing, fisherman's coať); 
Solmsen KZ XXXII 275 (borrowed 
from Slav *sorka 'shirť); Pedersen KZ 
XXXIX 370 (ON < Russ sorok 'shirť); 
Schneider Z dadl lxvi 252 (to Skt 
sráj- 'wreath, garlanď); Torp-Falk 435; 



Holthausen AEEW 292; Detsohew Thr. 
179-180 (to Thrac i^eípá 'article of cloth- 
ing'); Vries ANEW 471 (ON < OE); 
Onions 789. 
*sarwan sb.n.: Godi pl. tant. sarwa 'arms, 
armamenť, OE searo 'device, eraft, art, 
skill, machine' (neut., fem.), OS saro 
'arms, armamenť, OHG saro id. Related 
to Av -haurvo 'defending, protecting', Lat 
seruo 'to savé, to preserve' (Meyer Goth. 
154) and, probably, Gk "Hpa as a ""pro- 
tecting deity'. Bugge KZ XX 32 (to Gk 
eípcfl 'to join', Lat šero 'to connect, to set 
in order'); Schulze Qu. 325; Grien- 

BERGER Got. 180-181; SCHRODER IF XVII 

464-465 (follows Bugge); Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXX 306; Torp-Falk 435; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 287; Walde-Hofmann II 
525-526; Feist411; Pokorný I 910, 911; 
Zalizniak I 146; Frisk I 642; Lehmann 
GED 296. 

*sarwjan sb.n.: ON sqrvi 'stone necklace, 
armor', OHG gi-sarawi 'arms, armamenť. 
Derived from *sarwan. Torp-Falk 435. 

*satínaz ~ *satíno sb.m./f: Goth ga- 
sateins 'foundation', OE seten 'set, shoot, 
plantation', OFris seten 'negotiation, as- 
sertion'. Derived from *satjanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 291; Feist 200; 
Lehmann GED 296. 

*satjanan wk.vb.: Goth satjan 'to seť, ON 
setja id., OE settan id., OFris setta id., OS 
settian id., OHG sezzen id. Gausative of 
*setjanan, cf. Skt sadáyati 'to seať, Olr 
sáidim 'to siť, Slav *saditi 'to set, to planť. 
Meillet MSL LX 144; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. 
I 71; Torp-Falk 426; Holthausen 
AEEW 291; Feist 411; Mayrhofer III 
472; Pokorný I 884-887; Vries ANEW 
471; Onions 90, 813; Seebold 397; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 544; Lehmann 
GED 296; Kluge-Seebold 760. 

*saudiz sb.m.: Goth saups 'sacrifice', ON 
sauír 'sheep'. Derived from *seupanan. 
Schrader-Nehring II 136—137; Torp- 
Falk 443; Feist 413; Vries ANEW 
464; Onions 807; Seebold 400-401; 
Lehmann GED 297-298; Bammesberger 
Nom. 133. 



sau3janan 



320 



sebjo 



*sau3Janan wk.vb.: Norw dial. soygja 'to 
suckle', OS sogian id., OHG sougen id. 
Causative of *sú^anan. Torp-Falk 443. 

*sauljanan wk.vb.: Goth bi-sauljan 'to 
spoť, Sw dial. saula 'to soiT. Derived from 
*sauló. Feist 94-95; Lehmann GED 72. 

*sauló sb.f.: Norw dial. saula 'dirť. 
Identical with Slav rvn. Sula < *soula (or 
< Balt * saula). Further related to Skt stírá 
'spirituous liquor', Av hurá 'intoxicating 
drink, kumys', Lith sula 'birch sap', Latv 
sula id., OPrus sulo 'curdled milk'. 
Bartholomae 1837; Trautmann BSW 
291-292; Mayrhofer III 487; Pokorný 
I 912-913; Fraenkel 940; Vasmer- 
Trubaohev III 799-800; Lehmann GED 
72. 

*saumaz sb.m.: ON saumr 'seam', OE 
seám id., OFris sam id., MLG som id., 
OHG soum id. Derivationally close to Skt 
syuman- 'band', Gk i)|iT|v 'thin skin, 
membráně', OPrus schumeno 'twine, 
waxed enď although the inlaut vocalism 
was changed in Germanic. Further 
related to *siwjanan. Torp-Falk 442; 
Holthausen yfEETT 287; Mayrhofer III 
477-478; Pokorný I 915-916; Vries 
AMEW 464; Zalizniak I 135; Frisk II 
964; Onions 804; Bammesberger Mom. 
71; Kluge-Seebold 70-707. 

*saumjanan wk.vb.: ON seyma 'to stuď, 
MLG samen id. Derived from *saumaz. 
Vries A/VET r 471. 

*saupan ~ *saupaz sb.n.: ON saup 
'sup', MDu soop, sope 'broth' (fem.), OHG 
souf id. (mase). Derived from *supanan. 
Vries AMEW 464. 

*saubaz sb.m.: OGutn saupr 'spring', OE 
seád 'pit, hole, well, lake', OFris sath 
'spring', MLG sod 'spring, seething', 
MHG sot id. Derived from *seupanan. 
Torp-Falk 443; Holthausen AEE1\ t 
287; Onions 807; Lehmann GED 
297-298. 

*sauzaz adj.: Norw dial. soyr 'withered, 
rotten (of wood)', OE seár 'dry, barren', 
MLG sor id. From IE *sausós id., cf Gk 
oo)o<; id., Lith sausas id., Slav *suxb id. 
Karsten MB II 454; Torp-Falk 447; 



Trautmann BSW 250-251; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 287; Pokorný I 880- 
881; Fraenkel 766; Frisk I 188-189; 
Onions 811; Vasmer-Trubachev III 813; 
Bammesberger Mom. 238; Heidermanns 
471; Kxuge-Seebold 769; Lubotsky 
K~ XCVIII 1-10 (reconstructs *Hsousó-, 
based on *Hsus-, part. perf. of *Hes- 'to 
burn, to glow'). 

*sauzjanan ~ *sauzojanan wk.vb.: 
ON seyrask 'to starve', Norw seyra 'to 
make dry', OE seárian 'to wither, to pine 
away', MLG směn 'to make dry', OHG 
ir-soren 'to become thin, meagre'. Derived 
from *sauzaz. Structurally close to Slav 
*sušiti 'to dry'. Holthausen AEE1 V 287; 
Vries AMEW 471. 

*sawan sb.n.: OE seáw 'juice, moisture', 
OS sou id., OHG sou id. Identical with 
Skt neut. sána- 'juice of flowers'. Further 
related to Skt sunóti 'to squeeze'. Torp- 
Falk 441; Pokorný 1912. 

*sebjaz adj.: Goth un-sibjis 'unlawful', OE 
sibb 'related', OFris sib id., MLG sibbe id., 
OHG sibbi id. Cf. *sebj5. Torp-Falk 
432; Feist 417, 523; Holthausen ^££11' 
291; Pokorný I 882-883; Lehmann GED 
300; Heidermanns 472-473. 

*sebjó sb.f: Goth sibja 'kinship', ON sif, 
usually pl. sijjar 'sib, affinity', OE sibb 
'relationship, peace', OFris sibbe 'kin- 
ship', OS sibbia id., OHG sibba 'peace, 
alliance'. Etymologically close to Skt 
sabhá 'assembly, sociál gathering, meet- 
ing', Slav *sobb 'peculiarity', OPrus subs 
'šelf (Solmsen UGLV 200-201). Kuhn 
KZ IV 370-372; Lidén SVSU VI 54; 
Edgerton KZ XLVI 178-180 (separates 
Skt sabhá as sa(m)- 'together' and bha- 'to 
speak'); Torp-Falk 432; Feist 417; 
Holthausen AEEU 7 432; Speoht KZ 
LXVIII 46; Mayrhofer III 433-434 
(samé as Edgerton); Pokorný I 883; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 105; Vries AMEW 
473; Zalizniak I 148; Onions 825; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 162; Lehmann 
GED 300; Bammesberger Nom. 113-114 
(to IE *sep- 'to respecť); Heidermanns 
472 (substantivized *seijaz)\ Kluge- 



sebjo 



321 



sečtuz 



Seebold 765; Orel JSL V/l 144-149 
(separates Slav *svoboda 'freedom' from 
this root). 

*sebjojanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-sibjon 'to 
become reconcileď, ON af-sijja 'to cut off 
from one's sib, to alienate from one's 
family', OE sibbian 'to reconcile', OHG 
sibbon 'to form an alliance'. Derived from 
*sebjo. Torp-Falk 432; Holthausen 
AEEW 291; Feist 200; Lehmann GED 
300; Heidermanns 472. 

*sebjon sb.m.: ON gud-sefi 'godfather', OS 
sibbio 'blood relative', OHG *sibbo 'rela- 
tive'. See *setjaz, *setjS. Torp-Falk 432; 
Vries ANE] V 467; Heidermanns 472. 

*sebulaz adj.: ON sbst. sjóli 'king, prince', 
MHG un-sivel 'unfriendly'. Derived from 
*sébjo. Vries ANE1 V 479. 

*sebun tram.: Goth sibun 'seven', ON sjau 
id., OE seofon id., OFris sigun, soven id., 
OS sibun id., OHG sibun id. Continues 
*sepm < IE *septm id.: Toch A spát, B sukt, 
Skt saptá-, Av hapta, Gk ÉjitÚ, Alb shtaté < 
PAlb *septati-, Lat septem, Olr secht n-, Lith 
septyni, Slav *sedmb. Kock PBB XV 
252 (on the history of ON sjau); Kluge 
^ř/IIJ~ I 363-365; Bartholomae 1765; 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 72; Torp-Falk 431; 
Trautmann BS]V 257; Holthausen 
AEEW 295; Walde-Hofmann II 517- 
518; Feist 417; Pipping GHÁ XI/3 26 
(analogy with *ahtau in ON); Sturtevant 
MLN XL 26; Hamp Word VIII 136- 
139 [*setun results from restructuring of 
*sebundon ~ *sebun\)on); Mayrhofer III 
431; Pokorný I 909; Fraenkel 776; 
Szemerényi Numerals 104-105; Vries 
ANEW 478; Frisk I 545; Onions 813; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 599-600; Leh- 
mann GED 300-301; Ross-Berns Nume- 
rals 586-588; Fvluge-Seebold 762; Orel 
AED 436; Adams TB 657; Burlak IFTJa 
260. 

*sebundiz sb.f: ON sjaund 'period of 
seven (nights)'. Identical with Skt saptatí- 
'seven decades', Alb shtate 'seven' < PAlb 
*septati- < *septmti-. Torp-Falk 431; 
Pokorný I 909; Orel AED 436. 

*sebund5n ~ *sebunbón mim.: ON 



sjaundi 'seventh', OE seofoda id., OFris 
sigunda id., OS sibondo, sivobo id., OHG 
sibunto id. Related to Toch A sáptánt, B 
suktante id., Skt saptátha- id., Lith septiňtas 
id. Derived from *sebun. Torp-Falk 
431; Holthausen ^££1^295; Feist 417; 
Pokorný I 909; Vries ANEW 478; 
Szemerényi Numerals 35 (with dissimila- 
tion, from *septmtos, cf. Skt saptátha- 'sev- 
enth'); Onions 813; Ross-Berns Numerals 
629; Adams TB 658. 

*sedÍ3az ~ *sečtu3az adj.: ON sidugr 
'well-bred, well-behaveď, OHG sitig 
'being in the hábit, modesť. Derived 
from *seduz. Torp-Falk 428. 

*sed5janan wk.vb.: Goth sidon sis 'to 
practice' (in po sido pus 'xaíixa neXéta'), 
ON síoa 'to mend, to improve one's life 
and manners', OE sidian 'to arrange, to 
set righť, OS gi-sidón 'to add, to prepare', 
OHG sitón 'to pian, to carry ouť. De- 
rived from *seduz. Holthausen AEE]\ j 
292; Feist 418; Vries ANEW 472; 
Lehmann GED 301. 

*sedu-lausaz adj.: ON sio-lauss 'ill-man- 
nereď, OHG situ-los id. Compound of 
*seduz and Hausaz. Carr Nom. comp. 91 
(parallel formations). 

*sedu-samaz adj.: ON sid-samr 'well- 
conducteď, OHG situ-sam 'clever'. Com- 
pound of *seduz and *samaz. Carr Nom. 
comp. 91 (parallel formations). 

*seduz sb.m.: Goth sidus 'custom, habiť, 
ON sior id., OE sidu id., OFris side id., 
OS sidu id., OHG šitu id. Related to Skt 
svadha 'particularity, custom', Gk £0o<; id. 
< *sue-dh- (Curtius Gr. Et. 251) with 
unclear anlaut *su- ~ *s-. Feist PBB 
XV 548-550 (on the anlaut); Johansson 
IF II 8; Torp-Falk 428; Wood MLN 
XVIII 13-14 (to *sipiz); Holthausen 
AEEW 292; Feist 418; Trier Lehm 41; 
Wissmann MSS VI 129 {*-i- in ťhe stem 
contradicts Feist's etymology); Mayr- 
hofer III 559; Pokorný I 883; Vries 
ANEW 472; Zalizniak I 152; Frisk I 
449; Sohiefer MSS XX 49; Lehmann 
GED 301 (analogical modificaťion of the 
vowel); Bammesberger Nom. 159 (recon- 



sečtuz 



322 



sexston 



structs *siduz from IE *sl- 'to binď); 
Kluge-Seebold 765. 

*se3ez ~ *se3az sb.n./m.: Goth sigis Vic- 
tory', ON sigr id., sig id., OE siy, si^or id., 
OFris si id., OS sigi- (in cmpn.), OHG 
sigu id. Structurally identical with Skt 
sáhas- 'force, victory', Av hazah- 'force, 
power' (Aufreoht K~^ I 355). Related to 
Skt sáháte 'to overcome, to conquer, 
to win', sáhas 'force, victory', Gk e^co 'to 
háve', Mír seg 'strength'. Zupitza Gutt. 
205; Bartholomae 1799; Torp-Falk 
426; Holthausen AEETT 293; Feist 419; 
Mayrhofer III 450-451; Pokorný I 
888-889; Zalizniak II 224; Vries AMEW 
474; Frisk I 602-604; Benveniste IEL 
135; Lehmann GED 302; Bammesberger 
Nom. 136, 212; Kluge-Seebold 762. 

*se3ezójanan wk.vb.: ON sigra 'to van- 
quish, to overcome', OE si^orian id. De- 
rived from *se^ez ~ *se$az. Torp-Falk 
426; Holthausen AEEW 293; Vries 
ÁNEW 474; Lehmann GED 302. 

*se3Íbaz ~ *se3Íb5n sb.m.: ON sigSr 
'sickle', OE sigde id., MLG segede 
id. Related to *sa3d. Torp-Falk 424; 
Holthausen AEE]V 293; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 88; Vries ANEW 473; Onions 
804. 

*se3lan sb.n.: ON segl 'sail', OE se^l id. 
(also mase), OFris seil id., OS segal 
id., OHG segal id. (mase). The originál 
meaning must háve been *'piece of 
cloth', cf. Olr séol 'kerchief, sail' bor- 
rowed from Germanic. Probably, from 
IE *sek-lo-, to *sek- 'to eut, to eut off'. 
Much Z^ADL XXXVI 50 (to Gk oitXov 
'tackle, tool'); Zupitza Gutt. 76, 138; 
Torp-Falk 426; Holthausen AEElf 
288; Pokorný I 895; Vries ANEW 467; 
Zalizniak II 171; Onions 782; Kluge- 
Seebold 753. 

*se3ljanan ~ *se3lójanan wk.vb.: ON 
sigla 'to sail', OE se^lian, sedlán id., MLG 
segelen id., MHG sigelen id. Derived from 
%ej/rt/z. Torp-Falk 426; Holthausen 
AEEW 288; Vries ANEW 474. 

*se3wniz I sb.f: Goth siuns 'sight, form, 
face, image', ON sjón, sýn 'sight, vision', 



OE sin 'sight, vision', OFris siune 'face, 
sight, appearance', OS siun 'sight'. De- 
rived from *sexwanan. Torp-Falk 425 
Holthausen AEEW 292; Feist 426 
Pokorný I 898; Vries AMEW 479, 573 
Zalizniak II 228; Schubert Erw. 58 
Seebold 388, Festschr. Meid 351-355 
Lehmann GED 33, 307; Bammesberger 
Nom. 147; Heidermanns 474. 

*se3wniz II adj.: Goth ana-siuns 'visible', 
ON sýnn id. Identical with *se^wniz I. 
Karsten TV® II 3-4; Torp-Faalk 425; 
Holthausen AEEW 292; Feist 426; 
Pokorný I 898; Vries ANEW 573; 
Seebold 388; Lehmann GED 307; Hei- 
dermanns 473—474. 

*se3wnjan sb.n.: ON syni 'sighť, OS gi- 
siuni 'face', OHG gi-siuni 'face, sighť. 
Derived from *seswniz I. Vries ANE]V 
573. 

*sexs mim.: Goth saihs 'six', ON sex id., 
OE six, syx id., OFris sex id., OS sehs id., 
OHG sehs id. Continues IE *s(u)eks 
id.: Toch A sak, B skas, Skt sát, Av xšvaš 
Arm vec', Gk í\, Lat sex, Olr sé, Lith šeši 
Slav *šestb. Saussure MSL VII 73-74: 
Zupitza Gutt. 191; Bartholomae 561 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 78; Torp-Falk 425 
Trautmann BS]V 144; Holthausen 
AEEW 293; Walde-Hofmann II 528- 
529; Feist 404; Mayrhofer III 407; 
Pokorný I 1044; Fraenkel 976; Vries 
ANEW 471; Frisk I 527-528; Onions 
830; Vasmer-Trubachev IV 433-434; 
Lehmann GED 290-291; Ross-Berns 
Numerals 585; Kluge-Seebold 753; 
Adams TB 664; Burlak IFTJa 259. 

*sexstiz sb.f: ON sétt 'body of six'. 
Identical with Skt sastí- 'sixty', Av xšvašti- 
id., Alb gjashte 'six', Slav *šestb id. 
(Jucquois Muséon LXXVIII 440). See 
*sexs. Bartholomae 561; Torp-Falk 
425; Mayrhofer III 408; Pokorný I 
1044; Vries ANE]V 471; Vasmer- 
Trubachev IV 433-434; Orel AED 130. 

*sexstón adj.: Goth saihsta 'sixth', ON sétti 
id. (< *sexton), ODan sďxte id., OE sixta 
id., OFris sexta id., OS sehsto id., OHG 
sehsto, sehto id. Derived from *sexs. Cf. 



sexston 



323 



selxaz 



Toch A skást, B skaste, Skt sasthá- id., Gk 
ektoq id., Lat sextus id., Olr sessed id., Lith 
ieštas id., Slav *šestb. Torp-Falk 425; 
Trautmann BSW 143; Meillet BSL 
XXLX 33-34; Holthausen AEEW 293; 
Walde-Hofmann II 528; Feist 404; 
Mayrhofer III 408-409; Pokorný I 
1044; Fraenkel 976; Vries AMEW 471; 
Frisk I 527; Vasmer-Trubachev IV 433; 
Ross-Berns Mumerals 628-629; Adams TB 
664. 

*sexwanan str.vb.: Goth saiívan 'to see', 
ON sjá id., OE seón id., OFris sia id., OS 
,se/i«n id., OHG íe/ion id. Related to Hitt 
šakuwái- 'to observe', Skt sácate 'to 
accompany, to stand by, to folio w', Gk 
erconea 'to follow', Alb shoh 'to see' < 
PAlb *sak-ska, Lat sequor 'to follow', 
Lith seku, sěkti id. (Grimm Gesch. 409). 
Aufrecht A^ I 352; Loewe A^XXXLX 
312 (Alb shoh < Gmc); Uhlenbeck PBB 
XXIX 336 (to *sa 3 d(n)); Hirt IF 
XXXVII 231-233 (to *skawwqjanan); 
Zupitza Gutt. 68; Torp-Falk 425, 572; 
Walde-Hofmann II 519-520; Feist 
404-405; Holthausen AEEW 290; 
Jóhannesson IE]V 779-780; Mayrhofer 
III 417-418; Pokorný I 896-899; 
Fraenkel 773; Vries AMEW 477-478; 
Kammenhuber K^ LXXVII 62 (on Úie 
Hittite parallel); Frisk I 544-545; Onions 
806; Seebold 387-388; Lehmann GED 
291 (doubts the identity of *sek"- 'to see' 
and *sek"- 'to follow'); Kluge-Seebold 
754; Orel AED 425-426. 

*seke refl. pron.: Goth sik 'šelf, ON sik 
id., MLG sik id., OHG sih id. Con- 
tinues *se ge. For the structure cf. *meke. 
Based on the reflexive pronoun *s(u)e-. 
Brugmann Grundrifi 11/2 390, 395-402; 
Torp-Falk 421; Feist 420; Pokorný I 
882-884; Vries AMEW 474; Seebold 
73-79; Lehmann GED 303; Kluge- 
Seebold 761. 

*selbaz ~ *selbón pron., adj.: Godr silba 
'šelf, ON sjálfr id., OE šelf, selfa id., OFris 
šelf id., OS šelf id., OHG selb id. Venet 
sselboi sselboi is identical with OHG selbsel- 
bo (Sommer IFXLll 128-129). The fre- 



quendy posited connection with *s(u)e- is 
not so obvious. IE *sel-bho- could be 
derived from *sol(u)o- 'whole, all' and 
probably influenced by *se-bh- (see *setjo). 
Fick I 795 (suffixal derivative of the 
pronominal *se-, see *seke); Grienberger 
Got. 185-186 (to Olr selb 'property'); 
Torp-Falk 437; Krahe IF XLVII 
325; Holthausen AEEW 289; Feist 
421; Porzig Gliederung 128; Pokorný I 
884; Vries AMEW 478; Pellegrini- 
Prosdooimi I 451-452, II 167-168; 
Onions 807-808; Lehmann GED 303; 
ICluge-Seebold 756. 

*selcfa-líkaz adj.: Goth silda-leiks 'wonder- 
ful', OE seld-líc 'strange, wonderful', OS 
seld-llk 'remarkable'. Derived from unat- 
tested *seldaz, see *selianě°. Torp-Falk 
437; Feist 421; Onions 807; Lehmann 
GED 303; Fvluge- Seebold 757. 

*seldaně adv.: ON sjaldan 'seldom', OE 
seldan id., OFris sielden id., MLG selden id., 
OHG seltan id. Derived from unattested 
*seldan ~ *seliaz. Derivative of *sel- 'to 
jump': Gk áXko\i.a\, Lat salio, Lith sálti 'to 
flow'. For the formation cf. Lat salitus. 
Lidén Studien 55 (from *se- 'separate'); 
Torp-F.alk 437; Walde-Hoffmann II 
557 (to Lat solus 'alone'); Holthausen 
AEEW 289; Vries AMEW 478; Onions 
807; Lehmann GED 303; Fvluge-Seebold 
757. 

*selda-se3\vniz adj.: ON sjald-sénn 'sel- 
dom seen', OE seld-síne id., MDu selt-siene 
'rare', OHG selt-sani 'seldom seen'. 
Compound of *seldaz (see *seldand) and 
*se3wniz II. Holthausen AEE]V 289; 
Carr Nom. comp. 62; Lehmann GED 303; 
Fvluge-Seebold 757. 

*selxaz sb.m.: ON selr 'seal', OE seolh id., 
MLG sel id., OHG selah id. A Wander- 
wort of unknown origin. Holthausen IF 
XXV 147 (to Gk 'íXvna 'to draw, to 
drag'), AEEW 290; Fick III 328 (to Gk 
aéXaxoc; 'cartilaginous fish'); Torp-Falk 
436 (to Olr selige 'tortoise' < *selekio-) 
Pokorný I 901 (from *sdk- 'to pull') 
Vries AMEW 469-470; Zalizniak I 135 
Onions 804; Schindler Sprache XII 



selxaz 



324 



senyaz 



65—66 (from Finno-Ugric *šiilke, cf. Finn 
dial. hylki); Fvluge-Seebold 753. 

*selkanan str.vb.: MHG selken 'to trickle, 
to drip'. Identical with Skt srjáti 'to 
send ofF, to discharge', Av harszaiti 
id. Bartholomae 1792-1793; Torp- 
Falk 436; Mayrhofer III 497-498; 
Pokorný I 900-901. 

*selmón sb.m.: OE sealma 'couch', OFris 
bed-selma 'bedsteaď, OS šelmo 'beď. 
Despite the difference of the anlaut, 
related to Gk oéXna 'upper planking of a 
ship' < *suelmn, Lith šelmuo 'eaves, beam', 
Slav *selme, 'beam' (Kretschmer K% 
XXXI 422: reconstructs an improbable 
*ks-). Further see *swelljb~ (Schmidt Voc. II 
78). Pedersen IF V 59; Torp-Falk 437; 
Holthausen AEE]V 286; Pokorný I 
898—899 (also adduces Lith súolas 'bench', 
sile 'trough'); Frisk II 691—692; Vasmer- 
Trubaohev III 668-669. 

*semlěn ~ *semlai adv.: Gouh šimle 
'once, formeriy', OE simble 'always', OS 
šimla, simbla id., OHG adj. simbal 'contin- 
uous'. Cf. ON simul 'ever'. An old instr. 
sg. (Scherer Gesch. 595) or gen. pl. 
Related to Gk b[iaXóq 'like, smooth', Lat 
similis 'once', Olr samlith 'once', further to 
*sem- 'one'. Helten PBB XXVm 564 
(from gen. pl. *semlon da^ón); Brugmann 
Grundrift 11/ 2 695 (follows Helten); 
Waokernagel K^XXX 316 (to *mělan I); 
Torp-Falk 432; Fvluge Urgerm. 250 (on 
semantic development in Godric; from 
*sem-ilě related to Gk k-TiXóc; 'simple, 
easy'); Holthausen AEE1V 294; Rltter 
zUVFCXLX 180 (from •sem- and *mel-, to 
*mělan I), CXXII 99; Walde-Hofmann II 
538-539; Feist 422; Horn Spr. 115 (samé 
as Rltter); Pokorný I 903; Vries ANEW 
476; Frisk II 384; Lehmann GED 304; 
Bammesberger JVom. 248. 

*sena-3róniz adj.: ON sí-grcenn 'ever- 
green', OE sbst. sin-^réne 'house-leek', 
MDu sbst. sinde-grcen id., OHG sin-gruoni 
'evergreen'. Probably, compound of 
*senaz and *yoniz. Bjórkman ^dlVf II 
229-230; Kxuge-Seebold 764 (the first 
component from IE *sem- 'one'). 



*senaz adj.: Goth superl. sinista 'oldesť, 
Gmc-Lat sbst. sinistus 'sacerdos apud 
Burgundios omnium maximus' (Amm. 
Marceli. 28, 5.14). Identical with Skt 
sána-, Av hana-, Gk £VO<;, Arm hin, Lat 
senex, senis, Olr sen, Lith sěnas. Brug- 
mann PBB XVIII 313-314; Bartho- 
lomae 1 769; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 36; 
Torp-Falk 428; Feist 422; Trautmann 
BS1V256; Feist 423; Walde-Hofmann II 
513-514; Mayrhofer III 426; Pokorný 
I 907-908; Vries ANEW 476; Fraenkel 
774-775; Scardigli Goten 25; Frisk I 
522-523; Porzig Festschr. Debrunner 343- 
349; Lehmann GED 304-305; Hetder- 
manns 478-479. 

*sendran sb.n.: ON sindr 'dross, slag', OE 
sinder id. (neut., mase), OS sinder 'scale, 
slag', OHG sintar id. (mase). Identical with 
Slav *se.dra 'diickened liquiď (Lidén SVSU 
VI/1 39). Furtlier related to *sandaz ~ 
*sanian. Torp-Falk 431; Holthausen 
^£■£11' 294, AWN 244; Pokorný I 906: 
Vries ANEW 476; Zalizniak I 143: 
Stang LS 46; Vasmer-Trubachev III 825 
Kluge-Seebold 764-765. 

*sen3\vanan str.vb.: Goth siggwan 'to 
sing', ON syngpa, syngja id., OE sin^an 'to 
sing, to recite, to narrate', OFris siunga 
'to sing', OS singan id., OHG singan id. 
See *san3waz. Zupitza Gutt. 100; Torp- 
Falk 429; Feist 419; Holthausen AEE] V 
294; Kxuge 709-710; Benveniste BSL 
XXXIII 136 (attributes IE *seng»h- to the 
religious lexicon); Jóhannesson ZET I 7 786; 
Pokorný I 906-907; Vries ANEW 573; 
Onions 829; Seebold 392-393; Lehmann 
GED 302; Kxuge- Seebold 764. 

*senÍ3az adj.: Godr sineigs 'old', OFranc 
prop. Sinigus. Derived from *senaz. Simi- 
lar to Skt sanaká- 'old', Lat senex id. 
if the latter is from *sene-k(o)-s (Szeme- 
rényi A10JS-L III 10; the reconstruction 
*sene,H-s proposed by Martlmet BSL LI 
42-56 has to be dropped in any čase). 
Schweizer K£ I 478 (to Lat sinister 'left'); 
Forstemann AND I 1337; Feist 422-423; 
Mayrhofder III 426; Lehmann GED 
304-305; Bammesberger Nom. 255. 



senkwan 



325 



setjanan 



*senkwan sb.n.: ON sqkk 'sinking, hollow, 
piť, OE sine 'treasure, gold, silver', OS 
sine 'gold, treasure'. Derived from *senk- 
wanan. Holthausen AEE]V 294; Vries 
AMEW 576. 

*senkwanan str.vb.: Goth sigqan 'to sink', 
ON sqkkva id., OE sincan id., OFris sinka 
id., OS sincan id., OHG sinkan id. Iden- 
tical with Slav *segti 'to reach, to grab' 
(Anikin Etan. 1983 48—57: for the seman- 
tic development cf. Slav *ob-s(gati 'to sink, 
to settle'). Shmidt Kritik 63-64 (to Lith 
senkú, seků 'to sink, to dry up', Slav *seknqtí 
'to dry up'); Meillet MSL VELÍ 288 (to 
Arm ankanim 'to falT); Zupitza Gutt. 93; 
Torp-Falk 428; Trautmann BSW 256- 
257; Feist 420; Holthausen AEEW 294; 
Jóhannesson IE]V 785-786; Pokorný 
I 906; Chemodanov SGGJa I 111; 
Fraenkel 772-773; Vries ANE]V 576; 
Onions 829; Seebold 393-394 (to 
*slxwanan); Vasmer-Trubachev III 826; 
Lehmann GED 303 (against Sohmidt); 
Kluge-Seebold 764. 

*senbanan str.vb.: OE sinnan 'to care for, 
to mind, to heeď, OFris sinna 'to think', 
OHG fir-sinnan 'to recover, to come back 
to one's senses'. Related to Av hant- 'to 
arrive', Lat sentió 'to perceive' (Vaniček 
296; Fick I 562). Pedersen IF II 
316; Bartholomae 1771; Torp-Falk 
430; Holthausen AEEW 295; Walde- 
Hofmann II 515-516; Pokorný I 
908; Seebold 394-395; Eichmann ÍC? 
LXXXVII 269-271 (reconstructs *sen- 
nanan < *senH-, cf. Hitt sanh- 'to seek'); 
Lehmann GED 296, 305. 

*senbjan sb.n.: ON sinni 'walk, fellowship', 
OE se-síó 'company, fellowship', OS gi- 
slthi id., OHG gi-sindi id. Cf. also Goth 
ga-sinpja 'fellow traveller'. Derived from 
*senpanan. Feist 200; Vries AME]\ r 477; 
Lehmann GED 305; Kluge-Seebold 319. 

*senbaz sb.m.: Goth sinps 'time, instance' 
(in iterative numerals), ON neut. sinn 
'time', OE sii 'going, journey, travel', 
OS sid 'way', OHG sind 'direction, 
way'. Identical with Olr sét 'way', W hynt 
id., MBret hent id. Further connected 



with *senpanan. Torp-Falk 430; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 296; Feist 423-424; 
Pokorný I 908; Vries AMEW 477; 
Zalizniak II 172; Seebold 394; Lehm- 
ann GED 305. 

*senb5janan wk.vb.: ON sinna 'to jour- 
ney, to travel', OE síoian id., OS síoón id., 
OHG sindon id. Derived from *senpanan. 
Torp-Falk 430; Holthausen AEEW 
296; Vrtes AMEW 477; Lehmann GED 
305. 

*senbón ~ *senbaz sb.m.: Goth ga-sinpa 
'companion', ON sinni id., OS gi-sld id., 
OHG gi-sind id. Derived from *senpanan. 
Feist 200;Vrtes AMEW Ml; Lehmann 
GED 305; Kluge-Seebold 319. 

*serdanan str.vb.: ON serda 'to fornicate', 
OE seoroan 'to violate', OHG sertan 'to 
háve sexual intercourse'. Of unknown 
origin. Brugmann IF XXXII 323 (to 
Gk eípco 'to fasten together in rows'); 
Wood MP V 283 (to Skt sísarti 'to stretch, 
to extenď); Torp-Falk 435 (to W serth 
'obscene'); Jóhannesson IEW 787-788; 
Pokorný I 91 1, 1023; Vries AMEW 470; 
Seebold 395-396. 

*sessaz sb.m.: ON sess 'seať, OE sess 
'seat, bench'. Derived from *setjanan. Cf. 
Lat part. sessus < *sed-to-. Torp-Falk 
427; Holthausen AEEW 291; Walde- 
Hofmann II 507-508; Vries ANE1V471; 
Seebold 397; Bammesberger JVom. 78. 

*setan sb.n.: ON set 'aisle, wing (along the 
halí)', sjqt 'residence, seať (a-stem), OE set 
'seat, stali', MDu set 'podex', OHG sez 
'seať. Derived from *setjanan. Cf. W sedd 
'seať. Torp-Falk 426-427; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 291; Pokorný I 886 
Vrtes ANEW 471, 479; Zalizniak I 143 
Seebold 396; Lehmann GED 306 
Bammesberger JVom. 59. 

*setjanan str.vb.: Goth sitan 'to siť (no 
*-j- in pres.), ON sitja id., OE sittan id., 
OFris sitta id., OS sittian id., OHG sizzen 
id. Related to Skt sidati 'to sit down, to be 
seateď, Av had- 'to siť, Gk £(^0|ioa 
id., Lat sedeo id., Olr saidid 'to siť, Lith 
sedu, šesti, Slav *se.dq, *sěsti. Brugmann 
Grundúfi II/3 190—192 (analogical loss of 



setjanan 



326 



sez 



*-j- in Goth); Bartholomae 1753-1754; 
Torp-Falk 426; Trautmann BSW 258; 
Feist 424-425; Holthausen AEEW 296; 
Karstien KZ LXV 145-153; Walde- 
Hofmann II 507-508; JÓHANNESSON IEW 
781-782; Mayrhofer III 472-474; 
Pokorný I 884-886; Fraenkel 769, 777; 
Vries ANEW 477; Frisk I 445-446; 
Onions 830; Seebold 396-397; Vasmer- 
Trubaohev III 613; Lehmann GED 306; 
Rluge-Seebold 765-766. 

*setlaz sb.m.: Goth sitls 'seať, OE seti, seld 
id. (neut., mase), MLG setel id., OHG 
sezzal 'chair, seať. Identical with Arm etl 
'pláce', loc. kXXo.' Ka6é8pa, Hes., Lat 
sella 'seat of the chair', Gaul sedlon 'seať, 
Slav * sedlo 'village'. Derived from *set- 
janan. On the other hand cf. OS sethal 
'seat, uhrone', OHG sedal id. < *seplaz. 
Torp-Falk 427; Kluge Nom. Stamm. 
47-48; Holthausen AEEW 291; Walde- 
Hofmann II 511; Feist 425; Pokorný I 
886; Vries ANEIV 479; Zalizniak II 172; 
Trubachev Etim. 46 {*seplaz directly to 
Slav *sedlo); Onions 813; Seebold 397; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 596; Lehmann 
GED 306 (from *sed-tlo); Hilmarsson 
Festschr. Rix 213 (analogically restored *d 
of the originál *setlo- < *sed-tlo-; *seplaz < 
*sed-tlo-)\ Bammesberger Nom. 75; Kluge- 
Seebold 760. 

*setón sb.m.: ON seti 'sitter', OE an^-seta 
'carbuncle, pimple', MLG -sete 'sitter', 
OHG stuol-sezzo 'architriclinus'. Derived 
from *setjanan. Holthausen AEEl\ r 291; 
Vries ANEIV 471. 

*setran sb.n.: ON setr 'seat, residence'. 
Close to Gk eSpa id. Further see *setjanan. 
Torp-Falk 427; Mayrhofer III 423; 
Pokorný I 884-886; Frisk I 443; Vries 
ANEW 471. 

*seudaz sb.m.: ON sjódr 'money-bag', OE 
seód 'money-bag, purse'. Derived from 
*siwjanan (Johansson Festschr. Kuhn 272— 
279). Torp-Falk 442; Holthausen 
AEEW 290; Vries AMEW 479. 

*seuxsl5 ~ *súxsl5 sb.n.: ON sýsl 
'business', OE súsl 'tormenť. Related to 
*seukaz. Torp-Falk 443. 



*seuka-domaz sb.m.: ON sjúk-dómr 'ill- 

ness', MLG sěke-dóm id., OHG sioh-tuom 
id. Derived from *seukaz. Carr Nom. 
comp. 87 (parallel formations); Heider- 
manns 480. 

*seukaz adj.: Goth siuks 'ill, sick', ON sjúkr 
id., OE séoc id., OFris siak id., OS siok id., 
OHG sloh id. Cf. also str. *seukanan > 
Goth siukan 'to be sick'. Two possibilities 
háve to be further explored: connection 
with *sukanan (Lid NTS VII 170-173) 
and comparison with Lith sáugoti 'to 
watch over' (Fick III 442) revealing a 
semantic relation similar to that of Lith 
sifgti 'to be sick' and sérgéti 'to guard, to 
watch over'. Karsten jYB I 31; Zupitza 
Gutt. 165 (samé as Fick), KZ XXXVI 66 
(to Lith siikti 'to turn'); Sgheftelowltz 
BB XXVIII 707 (to Arm Vakem 'to dis- 
solve'); Torp-Falk 442; Feist 426; 
Holthausen KZ XLVII 311-312 (to 
Lat sugillo 'to thrash'), AEEW 290; 
Jóhannesson IEW 776-777; Pokorný I 
915 (to Mír socht 'silence, depression'); 
Vries ANEW 479; Onions 825; Seebold 
398-399, ZFLXXVI 327; Lehmann GED 
307; Bammesberger Nom. 240; Heider- 
manns 480—481; Kluge-Seebold 762; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*seukín sb.f: Goth siukei 'illness, siekness', 
ON hug-sýki 'anxiety', MLG suke 'pesti- 
lence, epidemie', OHG siuhhi 'illness'. 
Derived from *seukaz. Feist 426; Leh- 
mann GED 307; Heidermanns 480; 
Ktuge-Seebold 760. 

*seu{5anan str.vb.: Burg *seudan, to boil, to 
sacrifice', ON sjóba 'to cook', OE séodan 
'to seethe', OFris siátha id., MLG seděn 
id., OHG siodan id. Close to Lith siaučiú, 
siaústi 'to winnow' (Berneker IF X 160). 
Johansson PBB XV 237 (to Goth supjan 
'to tickle'); Charpentier KZ XL 427 (to 
Av havayeiti 'to stew'); Torp-Falk 443; 
Holthausen AEE]V 290; Jóhannesson 
IEW 776; Pokorný I 914; Vries ANEW 
478; Onions 807; Seebold 400-401; 
Peeters IF XCIV 294-295; Lehmann 
GED 297-298; Kóbler 713;. 

*sez pron. refl.: Goth sis 'oneself, ON sér 



sez 



327 



semaz 



id. A form of dative derived from IE *se- 
id. See *seke. Feist 420; Pokorný I 882; 
Vries ANEW 470. 

*sěanan str.vb.: Goth saian 'to sow', ON 
sá id., OE sáwan id., OFris part. esen id., 
OS pret. obar-seu 'dariibersáen', OHG 
part. in-saniu 'incultu'. Related to Lat šero 
id. < *siso, perf. sěm, Lith seju, seti id., Slav 
*sějq, *sěti id. Moller PBB XI 51-54; 
Jacobsohn A^ XLVII 92-94 (treats 
Goth -ai- as an originál diphthong); 
Streitberg GE 75-76; Torp-Falk 421; 
Trautmann BSW 253-254; Feist 403- 
404; Holthausen AEEW 270; Walde- 
Hofmann II 522; Kluge 618-619; 
Jóhannesson IEW 768-770; Pokorný I 
889-890; Chemodanov SGGJa I 62; 
Fraenkel 778-779; Vries ANEW 459; 
Onions 849; Seebold 386-387; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 615; Gamkrelidze- 
Ivanov 688-689 (add Hitt šai- 'to press 
down, to sow'); Lehmann GED 290; 
Kluge-Seebold 699. 

*sědan sb.n.: ON sád 'seed, crop, corn', 
MLG sát id. A morphological variant of 
*sěiiz. Torp-Falk 421; Holthausen 
AEEW 267; Pokorný I 890; Vries 
ANEW 459; Zalizniak II 188; Kluge- 
Seebold 698. 

*sědi-timón sb.m.: ON sái-tími 'sowing 
season', OE séd-tíma id. Compound of 
*sědiz and *timon. Carr Nom. comp. 82 
(parallel formations). 

*sědiz sb.f: Goth mana-seps 'mankinď, 
OE sád 'seed, fruit, growth, sowing' 
(neut.), OFris sed 'crop, sowing', OS sad 
id., OHG smala-sát 'small vegetables'. 
Similar to W had 'seed', Bret had id., 
Corn has. Continues *sě-ti-. Related to 
*seanan. Torp-Falk 421; Holthausen 
AEEW 267; Feist 344; Pokorný I 890; 
Zalizniak II 188; Onions 806; Seebold 
386; Bammesberger Nom. 146; Ramat 
Gedenkschr. Gúntert 75; Kluge-Seebold 
698. 

*sědlan sb.n.: ON sald 'sieve'. Identical 
with Lith sekla 'seeď and Dac dies-sathel 
'Verbascum sinuatum' (= Gk (pXóncx;) < 
*diues-sětlo-. Cf. a synonymie Dac 8iéa£|ja 



< *diues-semn. Cf. also W hidl 'sieve'. 
Derived from *seanan. Zupitza Gutt. 
137; Torp-Falk 421; Detschew Thr. 
546—547 (Dac -sathel ~ Lith sótis 'satiety, 
satiation'); Pokorný I 889; Fraenkel 
772; Vries AJffl K460. 

*sěli-líkaz adj.: ON stel-ligr 'healthy, 
wealthy, blissful', OE ^e-sél-líc 'happy'. 
Derived from *sěliz. Heidermanns 476. 

*sělipó sb.f: ON smld 'bliss', OE sáli 'hap- 
piness, joy', OS salda id., OHG solida id. 
Derived from *sěliz. Torp-Falk 436; 
Holthausen AEEW 267; Vries ANEW 
575; Heidermanns 476. 

*sěliz adj.: Goth sels 'good, kinď, ON seli 
'happy, blesseď, OE un-sále 'evil, wickeď. 
Probably related to *saljanan. Fick I 564 
(to Skt sárva- 'entire, whole, intacť < 
*soluo-); Froehde BB LX 119 (to Lat sbíor 
'comforť, Gk YXtihi 'to be gracious'); 
Karsten NB II 445-446; Wood PBB 
XXIV 531 (to *seanan); Sghroeder 
ZDADL XLII 63 (from *sědlo-); Meringer 
ZFXVI 151 (samé as Schroeder); Torp- 
Falk 436; Feist 416; Holthausen AEE] V 
267, A1VN 297 (to Ose sivom 'omnino'); 
Wood AJPhil XXIV 40-41 (to *sěanari); 
Pokorný I 979-980 (to *soluo- 'whole, 
hale'); Vries ANEW 575; Mezger 
KZ LXXXIII 124-149; Onions 827; 
Klingensghmidt MSS XXVIII 75-88 (to 
Gk íA.ácjKO|iai 'to appease', Arm alac'em 
'to ask'); Darms Vrddhi 85-86, 466-467; 
Lehmann GED 299-230; Matzel Festschr. 
Schroder 101, KZ C V 111; Heidermanns 
476-477; Kluge-Seebold 756-757. 

*sělín sb.f.: Goth selei 'usefulness, good- 
ness, kindness', ON ár-sieli 'blessing on 
the year, plenty'. Cf. also OE un-sál W- 
happiness, improper season' (mase). 
Derived from *seliz. Feist 416; Vries 
ANEW 636; Lehmann GED 299; Heider- 
manns 476. 

*sěljanan wk.vb.: ON sála 'to bless', OE 
sálán 'to happen, to betide'. Derived from 
*sěliz. Holthausen AEEW 267; Vrtes 
ANEW 575; Heidermanns 476. 

*sěmaz adj.: ON sámr 'swarthy, blackish'. 
Identical with Skt ksamá- 'singed, dried 



semaz 



328 



silubran 



up'. Torp-Falk 434; Mayrhofer I 
288 (against the comparison with Skt); 
Pokorný I 624; Vries ANEW 462; 
Darms MSS XXXV 28; Heidermanns 
477. 

*sěmiz adj.: OE sám-wyrcan 'to do a thing 
incompletely', OS sám-quik 'half-deaď, 
OHG sdmi-heil 'spoiled, weakeneď. 
Identical with Skt samí 'half', Gk ř||n- id., 
Lat sáni- id. (Curtius Gr. Et. 325). 
Torp-Falk 434; Holthausen AEEW 
267, 269; Walde-Hofmann II 512-513; 
Feist 405 (to *saimaz); Mayrhofer III 
459; Pokorný I 905-906; Frisk I 636; 
Naert ANF LXXII 30-34; Darms MSS 
XXXV 10-11, Vrddhi 108-108; Heider- 
manns 477-478. 

*sěmón sb.m.: OS samo 'seeď, OHG samo 
id. Close to Lat semen id., OPrus semen id., 
Lidi semenys 'flax seeď, Slav *sěme 'seeď 
and also Dac 8iéaE|ia 'Verbascum sinua- 
tum' < *diue(s)-sěmn as opposed to dies- 
sathel id. < *diues-sětlo- (see *seilan). Further 
related to *seanan (Kuhn KZ LXXI 141 
142). Torp-Falk 422; Trautmann BSW 
253-254; Walde-Hofmann II 512; Po- 
korný I 890; Dybo VSJa 26; Fraenkel 
774; Seebold 386; Vasmer-Trubachev 
III 600-601; Bammesberger Mm. 184; 
Kluge-Seebold 703. 

*sětaz sb.n.: ON pl. sietr 'mountain 
pastures', G dial. SáJ3 id. Derived from 
*setjanan. Kxuge-Seebold 533. 

*sětiz adj.: Goth anda-sets 'detestable, hor- 
rible', ON neut. stett 'endurable', OE and- 
séte 'odious, hateful', MDu ont-set id., 
MHG ant-sďze 'brave'. Derived from 
*setjanan. FCarsten NB I 101; Torp- 
Falk 427-428; Holthausen AEEW 268; 
Feist 47; Pokorný I 886; Seebold 397; 
Lehmann GED 35; Bammesberger Nom. 
261; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 103, 117, 
KZCV 114; Heidermanns 479-480. 

*sětjan sb.n.: ON sáti, 'seať, OE se-séte 
'back of the heaď, OHG gi-sázi 'seat, 
districť. Derived from *setjanan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 268; Vries ANEW 576; 
Onions 804; Seebold 397. 

*sětó sb.f: ON sát 'ambush, sitting in 



ambush', OE set 'ambush'. Derived from 
*setjanan. Torp-Falk 427; Holthausen 
AEEW 268; Vries ANEW 463; Seebold 
397; Lehmann GED 306; Bammesberger 
Nom. 111. 

*sěto(n) sb.f: ON sáta 'truss of hay', OE 
sete 'house', OFris sete 'bail', OHG fiíis- 
sáza 'home'. Derived from *setjanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 268; Vries ANEW 
463. 

*sibaz sb.n.: ON je/^sedge', OE sife 'sieve', 
MLG seíie id., OHG sib id. An isolated 
derivative *si-bho- related to *sěanan. 
Zupitza Gutt. 16; Torp-Falk 440; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 293; Pokorný I 889-890, 
894 (from *seip- ~ *seib-)\ Zalizniak II 
189; Onions 826. 

*sÍ3(w)an sb.n.: ON sig 'ropě which is let 
down', OE sÍ3e 'fall, setting of the sun' 
(mase). Derived from *si^(w)anan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 293; Vries ANEW 473. 

*silěnan wk.vb.: Goth ana-silan to cease, 
to grow calm'. Identical wiuh Lat siko 'to 
be silenť. Grienberger Goten 23; Torp- 
Falk 440-441; Walde-Hofmann II 
535-536; Feist 44; Pokorný I 891; 
Lehmann GED 33. 

*silon sb.m.: ON šili, seli 'strap belonging 
to the harness', OFris sil-ráp 'ropě', MLG 
sele id., OHG silo id. A zero-grade variant 
of *sailan ~ *sailo. Torp-Falk 438; 
Vries ANE1V 469; Lehmann GED 206; 
Fsluge-Seebold 763. 

*silubran sb.n.: Goth silubr 'silver', ON 
silfr id., OE seolfor, siolufr id., OFris selover 
id., OS siluvar id., OHG silabar id. (with 
*-«-). The HG vocalism may well be 
more archaic. A North European Wan- 
derwort of uncertain origin, cf. OPrus 
sirablan id., Lith siddbras id., Latv sidrabs 
id., Slav *sbrebro id. (Schulze Kl. Schr. 
115). Further explanations are more 
than dubious (Ivanov Met. 104: to Lyc 
rvn. XíPpoc;- ápyúpeot; Jtoxanóq, Kartv 
*werc I xl- 'silver', Basque zillar id.). 
Meillet BSL XXIV 138 (to Lyc ZíPpo S 
rtpyópeoc; jtoxaiióc;); Uhlenbeck PBB XX 
43 (originally, to Akk sarpu 'silver'); Ipsen 
Festschr. Streitberg 229-230; Loewenthal 



silubran 



329 



sixwanan 



PBB XLLX 71 (via Thracian); Mikkola 
BuS 41 (to Gk aíSrípoq 'iron'); Torp-Falk 
441; Holthausen AEEW 295; Feist 421- 
422; Porzig Gliederung 143; Fraenkel 
780-781; Vries ANEW 475; Zalizniak I 
143; Onions 827; Benveniste IEL 48, 
154-155; Stang LS 47; Tovar 7£«c. 
271-272 (to Basque zillar, zidar, zirar 
'silver'); Vasmer-Trubachev III 606; 
Trubaghev VJa 1985/5 5-6 (from resid- 
ual Indo-Aryan in Eastern Europe); 
Gamkrelidze-Ivanov 713 (from Kartve- 
lian); Lehmann GED 303-304; Kluge- 
Seebold 763. 

*silubra-smibaz sb.m.: ON silfr-smior 
'silver-smith', OE seolfor-smid id., MDu sil- 
ver-smit id., OHG silabar-synid id. Com- 
pound of *silubran and *smipaz. Carr 
Nom. comp. 78 (parallel formations). 

*silubrínaz adj.: Goth silubreins 'of silver', 
OE seoifren id., OFris selvirn id., OS silu- 
brin id., OHG silbeňn id. Derived from 
*silubran. Holthausen AEE]\' 292; 
Feist 421; Lehmann GED 303-304. 

*sin(a)wó sb.f: ON sin 'sinew', OE seonu 
id., OFris sine, sini, sin id., OS sinewa id., 
OHG senawa id. Related to Av hinu- 
'band, chain, manacle', Olr sin, sin 
'chain', Latv pa-sainis 'string'. Bartho- 
lomae 1814; Torp-Falk 428 (to Skt 
snavan- 'sinew'); Holthausen AEE]t r 295; 
Pokorný I 892; Vries ANEW 476; 
Zalizniak II 180; Onions 828; Bam- 
mesberger Nom. 118; Kluge-Seebold 
754. 

*siněnan ~ *sinójanan wk.vb.: Swed- 
Norw dial. siná 'to cease, to be ex- 
hausteď, MHG senen 'to yearn'. Related 
to *sainiz. Particularly close to Lat sino 'to 
leave'. Karsten MSN III 412; Walde- 
Hofmann II 545-546; Pokorný I 
890-891; Lehmann GED 291. 

*siwilo(n) sb.f: Norw syl 'awl', MLG 
súwele id., MHG siule id. Derived from 
*siwjanan. Torp-Falk 442. 

*siwjanan wk.vb.: Godr siujan 'to sew', 
ON sýja 'to sew, to tie the planks of 
a ship together', OE seówan, seowian 'to 
sew', OFris sía id., OS siuwian id., OHG 



siuwen id. Related to Skt sívyati 'to sew, to 
join', Osset xuyun ~ xuin 'to sew', Lat suo 
id., Lith siuvu, siuti id., Slav *šiti id. 
Persson Beitráge 854; Torp-Falk 441; 
Trautmann BS]\' 261-263; Holthausen 
AEEW 296; Walde-Hofmann II 631- 
632; Feist 425; Mayrhofer III 477-478; 
Pokorný I 915-916; Fraenkel 789-790; 
Vries AMEW 512; Onions 814; Vasmer- 
Trubachev IV 443-444; Lehmann GED 
306-307; Kxuge-Seebold 706-707. 

*sí pron.: Goth si 'she', OFris se id., OS siu 
id., OHG siu, si id. Related to Skt encl. 
part. sim, Av acc. hlm 'him' (Wacker- 
nagel A^XXIV 605-606), Gk í id., Olr 
si id., Lith -si id. (Schmidt A"^ XXXVI 
395-396). Ahrens KZ VIII 344 (on Gk 
í); Brugmann Grundrifi II/2 321; Bartho- 
lomae 1814; Feist 416; Mayrhofer III 
475, 551; Pokorný I 978-9979; Frisk I 
702; Lehmann GED 300; Kluge-Seebold 
761-762; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*síctaz adj.: ON sídr 'long, hanging', OE 
síd 'wide, broad, ample', OFris adv. síde 
'deep', MLG sít, síde 'low, quieť, OHG 
adv. síto 'slack, loose'. Related to Lat 
setius 'latě', serus id., Olr sír 'long (of 
time)'. Torp-Falk 439; Holthausen 
AEEW 292; Walde-Hofmann II 526- 
527; Pokorný I 891; Vries ANEW 473; 
Onions 825; Heidermanns 475-476; 
Kluge-Seebold 756. 

*sídón sb.f: ON síia 'side', OE síde id., 
OFris síde id., OHG síta id. Derived from 
*sídaz. Torp-Falk 439; Holthausen 
AEE1V292; Pokorný I 891; Vries ANEW 
472; Zalizniak I 156; Onions 825; 
Heidermanns 475; Kluge-Seebold 756. 

*sÍ3(w)anan str.vb.: ON síga 'to sink 
down, to slide', OE sí^an 'to sink, to 
decline, to fall', OFris pres. síga id., OS 
pret. sg. sěg id., OHG sígan id. A variant 
of *síxwanan. Wood A4ZVXVIII 14 (Gk 
iKto 'to come'); Torp-Falk 439; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 293; Jóhannesson IEW 
772-773; Pokorný I 893; Vries ANEW 
473; Seebold 388-389 (against Torp- 
Falk); Kluge-Seebold 755. 

*síxwanan str.vb.: ON sía 'to futer' (orig- 



sixwanan 



330 



skabanan 



inally str.vb.), OE seón id., OFris sia id., 
MDu sien 'to drip', OHG sihan 'to strain'. 
Related to Skt siňcáti 'to pour out, to 
sprinkle', Av hinčaiti id., Gk i^ai' 
8iT|9rjaoa (Hes.), Slav *sbcQ, *sbcati 'to uri- 
nate'. Zupitza Gutt. 68; Torp-Falk 
439; Holthausen AEEW 295; Mayr- 
hofer III 464-465; Pokorný I 893; 
Vries ANEW 472; Seebold 389-391; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 8 1 5—8 1 6; Kluge- 
Seebold 755. 

*sixw5(n) sb.f.: ON sia 'sieve, strainer', 
OHG siha id. Derived from *síxwanan. 
Torp-Falk 439; Seebold 390; Vries 
ANEW 472. 

*síkan sb.n.: ON sik 'ditch, trench', OE sic 
'brook, water-course', MLG sík 'marshy 
wolď (mase), OHG seih 'urine' (mase). 
Related to Lat siat 'urinates'. Zupitza 
Gutt. 68; Torp-Falk 439; Holthausen 
AEEW 291; Walde-Hofmann II 531; 
Pokorný I 893 (to *seik*- 'to flow ouť); 
Vries ANEW 474-475; Zalizniak II 218. 

*sikaz sb.m.: ON sikr 'a kind of salmon, 
Coregonus lavaretus'. Of unknown ori- 
gin. Borrowed from the samé source as 
Russ sig id., Lith sykis id., Latv šiga, sika 
id. (Finn siika is from Gmc). Torp-Falk 
439; Buga II 561 (from a non-IE lan- 
guage of the Eastern Baltic). 

*sTmón sb.m.: ON síma 'corď (neut.), OE 
síma id., OFris sim, síma id., OS simo id. 
Glose to Toch B sim 'roof, Skt simán- 
'parting of the hair', Gk l[Hxq 'leather 
strap' (suggesting *I(Jtov) and further 
derived from *sěi- 'to binď (Skt syáti, Lith 
siěti). Torp-Falk 437; Trautmann BSW 
253; Holthausen AEEW 294; Mayr- 
hofer III 475 (against this etymology); 
Pokorný I 891-892; Vries ANEW 476; 
Fraenkel 783; Frisk I 724-725; Leh- 
mann GED 206; Bammesberger Nom. 184; 
Adams TB 656-657. 

*sína-3ernaz adj.: Goth nom. pl. seinai- 
gairnai (leg. seina-gaimai) 'selfish', ON sín- 
gjarn 'covetous, avaricious'. Compound of 
*sinaz and *3emaz. Streitberg GE 163; 
Feist 415; C arr Nom. comp. 67; Lehmann 
GED 299. 



*sínaz poss. pron.: Goth seins 'his, her', 
ON sinn id., OE sin id., OFris sin id., OS 
sin id., OHG sin id. Derived with *-no- 
from IE loc. *sei, to IE refl. *s(u)e-. Cf. in 
particular Venet veina- 'one's own' < 
*suei-no- (Rrahe ~0NF XI 86, Festschr. 
Hirt II 565-566). Bugge K'Z XX (1872) 
41-42; Torp-Falk 421; Holthausen 
AEEW 29A; Mezger Word IV 100; Feist 
415; Porzig Gliederung 129; Pokorný I 
882-884; Vries ANEW 477; Lehmann 
GED 299; Kluge-Seebold 755. 

*sípanan str.vb.: OFris part. bi-seppen 
'bloodshot (of an eye)', MDu sipen 'to 
drip', MHG sifen 'to flow (of blood)'. 
Related to Gk eífjco 'to drop, to let fall in 
drops'. Torp-Falk 440; Holthausen 
AEEW 296 (OE sípian 'to fall' < *sipo- 
janan); Pokorný I 894; Frisk I 450-451 
(eí'(3co as "Reimwort zu XeÍ(3co"); Seebold 
391. 

*síbiz adv: Godi pana-seips 'further, there- 
after', ON síor 'less', OE síi 'later, since', 
OS sió" 'later', OHG sid 'later, since'. 
Compared with Lat sětius 'inferior, lower, 
worse' (Bugge BB III 106-107) and Mír 
sith- 'long, lasting' continuing IE *sa-t-. 
May be related to *sidaz. Franok 
ZDADL XLVI 168-175; Karsten NB II 
303-304; Torp-Falk 438; Holthausen 
AEEW 296; Walde-Hofmann II 526- 
527; Feist 489; Pokorný I 889-891; 
Vrbís ANEW ATl\ Onions 828; Lehmann 
GED 299; Lůhr MSS XXXVII 121-130; 
Heidermanns 475; Fvluge-Seebold 755- 
756. 

*skabanan str.vb.: Goth skaban 'to shear, 
to shave', ON skafa 'to serape, to shave', 
OE sceafan id., OS pres. scaban id., OHG 
skaban id. Related to Gk oKájtxco 'to dig, 
to hack', Lith skapiú, skopti 'to cuť, Slav 
*skopiti 'to castrate'. Bickell A"/?J XrV 
433 (to Lat scabo 'to shave, to serateh'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 150; Meillet MSL XIV 
339; Solmsen KZ XXXVII 584; Torp- 
Falk 451-452; Feist 426; Holthausen 
AEEW 272; Jóhannesson IEW 824- 
826; Pokorný I 931; Fraenkel 812; 
Vries ANE]V 480; Frisk II 718-720; 



skabanan 



331 



skainjanan 



Onions 817; Seebold 401-402; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 650; Lehmann GED 307; 
Rluge-Seebold 707-708. 

*skablaz sb.m.: ON skaft 'snow-drifť, G 
dial. Schabel 'scraper'. Derived from *ska- 
banan. Vries AMEW 480. 

*skabón sb.f./m.: ON skafa 'scraper', OE 
scéafa 'plane', OHG scaba id. Derived 
from *skábanan. Holthausen AEE\Y 
272; Vries AjYEW 480; Seebold 401. 

*skaďdaz sb.m.: Norw skadd 'snap', OE 
sceadd 'shaď, G dial. schad, schade id. Of 
unknown origin. Torp-Falk 449 (to Lat 
scateo 'to bubble, to gush'); Holthausen 
AEEW 272; Pokorný I 950; Vries 
ANE1V479. 

*skaďuz ~ *skaďwaz sb.m.: Goth skadus 
'shadovv', OE sceadu id. (fem.), MLG 
schade id., OHG scato id. Related to Gk 
okÓtoc; 'darkness', Olr scáth 'shadow, mir- 
ror'. Zupitza Gutt. 150; Torp-Falk 
449; Holthausen AEEW 272; Feist 427; 
Pokorný I 957; Zalizniak II 219; Frisk 
II 739-740; Onions 815; Lehmann GED 
307-308; Bammesberger JVom. 85; 
Kluge-Seebold 713. 

*skaďwjanan wk.vb.: Goth ufar-skadwjan 
'to overshadow', OE sceadwian 'to cover 
wiťh shadow'. Derived from *skaiuz ~ 
*skadwaz. Torp-Falk 449; Feist 510; 
Lehmann GED 307-308. 

*skaftan ~ *skafitaz sb.n./m.: Burg 
*skajts 'shafť, ON skapt 'shaft, missile', 
OE sceaft ňstick, pole, shafť, OFris skaft 
'shafť, OS skaft 'spear', OHG scaft 'shaft, 
spear'. Related to Gk aKrjjtxpov 'staff', 
Dor aKajiTOV id., ck&7ioi; - KXá&o<i, kou 
avE|io<; noxóq (Hes.), Lat scapus 'shaft, 
stem', Latv šk\ps 'spear'. Probably, 
to *skabanan. Zupitza Gutt. 152, 213; 
Torp-Falk 452; Holthausen AEE1\' 
272; Walde-Hofmann II 490; Pokorný I 
932-933; Vrtes ^V£ir483; Zalizniak II 
189; Frisk II 728-729; Onions 815; 
Lehmann GED 298; Kobler 713; Kluge- 
Seebold 710. 

*skaftiz sb.f: Goth ga-skafts 'creation, 
creature', OE (se-)sceaft id. (fem., mase.), 
OS gi-scaft id., OHG gi-scaft id. Derived 



from *skapjanan. Torp-Falk 450; Holt- 
hausen AEE1V 272; Feist 200; Seebold 
407; Lehmann GED 148; Bammesberger 
JVom. 145; Kluge-Seebold 317. 

*skaftjan sb.n.: ON skepti 'shafť, OHG 
scefh 'spear'. Derived from *skaftan ~ 
*skafta Z . Vrtes ANE1 1' 490. 

*skaftjanan wk.vb.: ON skepta 'to make 
shafts (to arrow-heads)', LG scheften id., 
OHG scaften 'provide with a shafť. 
Derived from *skaftaz ~ *skaftan. Vries 
AVEir490. 

*ska3(j)an sb.n.: ON skegg 'bearď, OE 
sceac^a 'hair of the heaď (mase.). Derived 
from *ska^6n. Lindroth ANF XX 367; 
Zupitza Gutt. 154; Torp-Falk 448; 
Holthausen AEEW 272; Vries ANEW 
487. 

*ska3Ón sb.m.: ON skagi 'low cape, ness', 
OE scea$a 'small wood, copse, diickeť. 
Probably derived from *skexanan. Torp- 
Falk 448; Holthausen AEEW 272; 
Vries ANEW 480 (to Olr der-scaigim 'to 
distinguish oneself); Onions 815. 

*skaibaz adj.: ON skeifr 'askew, oblique', 
OE sceáf-fát 'splay-footeď, OS skej 
'crookeď, G dial. scheib id. Probably 
related to Lith skybas 'wedge-like piece of 
land', Latv škibs 'crookeď. FCarsten J\B 
I 60; Zupitza Gutt. 43, 154; Persson 
Beitráge 85; Torp-Falk 464; Holthausen 
AEEW 271, AMW 249 (ON < MLG); 
Pokorný I 922; Fraenkel 804; Vries 
AJVEW 488; Knapp PBB XCVI 210 
211; Luhr-Matzel A'~ XLLX 257-258; 
Hetdermanns 481-482; Kluge-Seebold 
720. 

*skaidanan ~ *skai|5anan str.vb.: Goth 
skaidan 'to separate, to divide', OE sceadan 
id., OFris sketha id., OS skědan id., OHG 
sceidan id. Continues zero grade of IE 
*ska-t- (Brugmann IF XXXII 179-181). 
Related to *skídanan. Zupitza Gutt. 150; 
Torp-Falk 463; Feist 427; Holthausen 
AEEW 272; Prokosch CGG 176-180; 
Pokorný I 921; Onions 818; Seebold 
402-404; Lehmann GED 308; Kluge- 
Seebold 715. 

*skainjanan wk.vb.: ON skeina 'to 



skainjanan 



332 



skalkaz 



scratch, to wound slightly', OE scdnan 'to 
break', OFris skěnia id., OHG ir-skeinen id. 
Related to *skino. Holthausen AEE]ť 
270; Vries AMEW 488. 

*skaiban sb.n.: ON skeid 'race, course', 
OS sketh 'difference'. Derived from 
*skaiianan ~ *skaipanan. Torp-Falk 
463. 

*skaibiz ~ *skaibó sb.f.: Burg *skaipi 
'sheath', ON skeid 'slay, weaver's roď, pl. 
skeióar 'scabbarď (in pl. also root stem 
and ?-stem), OE sceáS 'sheath', OFris 
skěthe id., OHG skeida id. Derived from 
*skaidanan ~ *skaipanan. Torp-Falk 
464; Holthausen AEEJ V 2774; Pokorný 
I 921; Vries AMEW 487; Zalizniak II 
210; Onions 818; Seebold 403; Kobler 
713; Fvluge-Seebold 715. 

*skaibójanan wk.vb.: ON skeida 'to 
sheath (a sword)', ME scéthen id. Derived 
from *skaipo. Structurally close to Lith 
skaitýti 'to counť. Fraenkel 792; Vrles 
AMEW 488. 

*skakanan str.vb.: ON skaka 'to shake', 
OE sceacan 'to shake, to quiver', OFris 
pres. skeka 'to run away', OS pret. sg. skok 
'to leave'. Related to Skt khájati 'to stir, to 
churn', W jisgogi 'to stir. Zupitza Gutt. 
154; Torp-Falk 447; Holthausen 
AEEW 271; Jóhannesson IEW 822-824; 
Mayrhofer I 296; Pokorný I 923 (from 
*skeg-}; Vries AMEW 480-481; Onions 
815; Lerchner 227; Seebold 404-405. 

*skakulaz sb.m.: ON skokull 'pole of a 
carť, OE sceacel 'shackle', EFris schakel 
Svooden semi-circle' (fem.), LG schakel 
'chain link' (fem.). Derived from 
*skakanan. Torp-Falk 447; Holthausen 
AEEW 271; Vries AMEW 511; Onions 
814. 

*skala str.vb.: Goth skal 'to owe, to háve 
to', ON skal 'must, to be obligeď, OE 
sceal id., OFris skel id., OS scal id., OHG 
scal id. Related to Lith skeliú, skeleti 'to 
owe', OPrus skellánts 'indebteď (Sdíbs R^ 
XXXVII 320). Zupitza Gutt. 159 (to 
Lat scelus 'crime'); Meringer IF XVIII 
229-230 (to Lith skélh 'to spliť); Torp- 
Falk 459; Feist 435-436; Holthausen 



AEEW 284; Jóhannesson IEW 850; 
Pokorný I 927; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
76; Fraenkel 799-800; Vries AMEW 
507; Onions 815; Benveniste IEL 
153-155; Seebold 405—406; Lehmann 
GED 313-314; Kxuge-Seebold 770. 

*skalbjanan wk.vb.: ON skel/a 'to make 
shake, to make tremble', OE á-scieljan 
'to destroy'. Derived from *skelianan. 
Holthausen AEEW 277; Vries AMEW 
488-489; Seebold 412. 

*skal3Ón sb.m.: ON skálgi 'a kind of fish', 
OE sceafóa id. Derived from *skel^az ~ 
*skelxaz. Holthausen AEEJi* 273; 
Vries AMEW 481 (to *skaljo). 

*skalja-fiskaz sb.m.: ON skel-fiskr 'shell- 
fish', OE sál-fisc id., MLG schell-visch 
'haddock', early G Schell-fisch id. Com- 
pound of *skaljo and *fiskaz. Carr Mom. 
comp. 78 (parallel formations). 

*skaljanan wk.vb.: ON skella 'to make 
slam', OE á-scilian 'to shell', MLG schellen 
'to divide, to separate'. Derived from 
*skaljo. Holthausen AEEW 277; (to 
MHG schel 'springing', OHG scelo 
'draught horše'); Vries AME]V 489. 

*skalj5 sb.f: Goth skalja 'tile', ON skel 
'shell', OE scill id., MLG schelle 'shell, 
scale'. Derived from *skalo. Close to Alb 
hale 'fish bone, splinter; pine' (Persson K^ 
XXXIII 285) < PAlb *skalá. Zupitza 
Gutt. 151; Torp-Falk 458; Holthausen 
AEEW 211; Feist 427-428; Pokorný I 
924; Vries AMEW 488 (directly to IE 
*skel- 'to spliť); Zalizniak II 218; Onions 
819; Lehmann GED 308; Kluge-Seebold 
710; OrelzLE/J 141. 

*skalkaz I sb.m.: Goth skalks 'servant', 
ON skálkr 'rogue, slavě', OE scealc 'ser- 
vant, man', OFris skalk 'slavě', OS skalk 
'servant', OHG scalc id. Etymologically 
identical with Slav *xoltb 'bachelor' (with 
a difference of voiced/unvoiced inlaut 
consonants). The latter is clearly con- 
nected with Slav *xolfrb 'servant' and 
*xolstb 'unmarrieď, thus implying the 
reconstruction of IE *skel-l *skol- (Brůok- 
ner K]^ LI 235: from *skel- 'to cuť, treat- 
ing the servant as originally *'maimeď). 



skalkaz 



333 



skamo 



Arbois de Jubainville MSL VII 291-292 
(from Celtic, cf. Olr scoloc 'vassal, 
novice'); Friesen Gernin. (to Norw skalk 
'bread stump' < IE *skel- 'to cuť which 
might strengdien Brůckner's etymology); 
Grienberger Got. 187 (to *skala)\ Siebs 
KZ XXXVII 313 (to Goth kalkjo 'whore'); 
Brugmann IF XBÍ 381 (from *skel- 'to 
jump'); Much JVuS I 47 (samé as 
Friesen); Marstrander JVTS I 142 (from 
non-IE Caucasian xkalax, xkalak 'servant'); 
Gůntert Labyrinth 40-42 (to *skel- 'to 
cuť, treating the 'servant' as *'stone 
mason'); Torp-Falk 460 (to *skalkaz II); 
Holthausen AEEW 273; Feist 428; 
Vries AMEW 482; Zalizniak I 135; 
Kjtobloch Muttersprache LXXXIX 45- 
46; Lehmann GED 308-309 ("from the 
designation of a subjugated people"); 
Trubachev ESSJa VIII 64-65; Kluge- 
Seebold 710. 

*skalkaz II sb.m.: ON skálkr 'sworď, 
EFris schalk 'small plank preventing the 
surface from being penetrated by a nail', 
MLG schalc 'support on which the rafter 
is resting'. Any connection widr *skalmb? 
Torp-Faek 460; Vries AMEW 482 (to 
*skaljo). 

*skalkjanan wk.vb.: ON skelkja 'to mock', 
MHG be-schelken id. Related to *skalkaz I. 
Vries AMEW 489. 

*skalliz sb.m.: ON sbst. skellr 'loud splash', 
OE sbst. sedle 'concisium', MLG schal(l) 
'sounď, OHG scal id. Derived from 
*skellanan. Holthausen AEE]V 277; 
Seebold 413; Matzel KZ CV 102-103. 

*skalljanan wk.vb.: ON skella 'to clash, 
to knock', OE scellan 'to make a noise, to 
sounď, OHG gi-skellen 'to make sound, to 
ring'. Causative of *skellanan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 277; Seebold 413. 

*skalmó sb.f: ON skálm 'short sworď, 
EFris schalm 'thin stripe of wooď, Du 
schalm id. Identical with Thrac GK.ak\ir\ ■ 
lió-xoapa ©paicía (Hes.), Gk GKaX[ióq 'pin 
to which the oar is fasteneď (Fick 
Spracheinh. 419). Torp-Falk 458; Det- 
schew Vir. 454; Pokorný I 923-924; 
Vries AMEW 511; Frisk II 716. 



*skaló sb.f: OE scealu 'shell, husk', MLG 
schale 'bark', OHG scala 'shell, hulí'. 
Derived from *skeljanan ~ *skelojanan. Cf. 
*skllo with another ablaut grade. Iden- 
tical with Alb halí 'fish bone', Lith skala 
'splinter', furdier cf. Slav *skala 'rock' 
with *-o-. Zupitza Gutt. 151, 154; 
Gůntert Labyrinth 40—41; Torp-Falk 
458; Holthausen AEE]\ t 273; Pokorný I 
924-925; Fraenkel 792-793; Zalizniak 
II 218; Onions 793; Lehmann GED 308; 
Orel AED 141. 

*skama-lausaz adj.: ON skamm-laus 
'shameless', OE sceam-leás id., MLG 
schame-los id., OHG scama-los id. Com- 
pound of *skamo and Hausaz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 60. 

*skaměnan ~ *skamójanan wk.vb.: 
Goth skaman sik 'to be ashameď, ON 
skamma 'to shame, to disgrace', OE 
sceamian 'to be ashameď, OFris skamia id., 
MLG schamen id., OHG scamen, scamon 
id. Derived from *skamo. Zupitza Gutt. 
195; Torp-Falk 452; Holthausen 
AEEWlll; Feist 428; Vries ANEJ I' 482; 
Onions 816; Lehmann GED 309. 

*skami{5Ď sb.f: ON skemmd 'shame, dis- 
grace', MLG schemede id. Derived from 
*skamenan ~ *skam6janan. Vries ANE]V 
489. 

*skam(m)az adj.: ON skammr 'shorť, OE 
sceam, scamtn id., OHG scam id. Of 
unknown origin. Probably related to Av 
kamna- 'litde' < *kombh-no-. Bartho- 
lomae 440; Karsten JVB II 232-233, 
456; Zupitza Gutt. 152; Torp-Falk 453; 
Holthausen ^££11' 271; Martinet Gem. 
175; Pokorný I 929; Vries AMEW 482; 
Onions 794; Heidermanns 484. 

*skammjanan wk.vb.: ON skemma 'to 
shorten', OHG skemmen id. Derived from 
*skam(m)az. Torp-Falk 453; Heider- 
manns 484. 

*skamó sb.f: ON skom, skqmm 'shame', 
OE sceamu id., OFris skome id., OS skama 
id., OHG scama id. Substantivization of 
*skam(m)az without gemination. Johans- 
son KZ XXX 428-430 (from *kem- 'to 
cover'); Torp-Falk 452 (< *skem- 'to 



skamo 



334 



skarbaz 



cover'); Holthausen AEE]V 271; Feist 
428-429; Pokorný I 557; Vries AMEW 
512; Zalizniak II 225; Onions 816; 
Pisani Gedenkschr. Giintert 285-286 (to 
Umbr eskamitu 'male pudenda'); Lehmann 
GED 309 (to Gk arauPóq 'crookeď); 
Kluge-Seebold 711. 

*skandó sb.f.: Goth skanda 'shame', OE 
skeand id., OFris skande id., MLG schande 
id., OHG scanta id. Could continue sbst. 
*skandaz 'ashamed' (OHG scant). Probably 
connected with Gk okivSÓc; 'diver', Lith 
skgstú, sk^sti 'to sink, to drown', OPrus 
auskiendlai 'to set, to go down'. Fick K£ 
XXII 111; Persson Beitrage 155; Zupitza 
Gutt. 195; Torp-Falk 452-453 (to *kem- 
'to cover'); Trautmann BS]V 265; Feist 
429 (to *skamó); Holthausen AEEW 271; 
Pokorný I 930; Fraenkel 803; Zalizniak 
II 227; Onions 816; Lehmann GED 309; 
Bammesberger JVotn. 1 1 6; Heidermanns 
483; Kluge-Seebold 711. 

*skankaz adj.: ON skakkr 'slew, wry, dis- 
torteď. Related to Gk aKái^co 'to limp' < 
*skngio, Mír scingim 'to spring'. Karsten 
MB I 45; Zupitza Gutt. 23, 151; Torp- 
Falk 450; Holthausen AEEW 271; 
Hoops EG V 94; Sommer Festschr. 
Debrunner 425-427; Pokorný I 930; Vries 
AMEW 481; Frisk II 714; Onions 816; 
Heidermanns 485; Kluge-Seebold 717. 

*skankaz ~ *skankon sb.m.: Norw 
skank 'shank', OE sceanca id., LG schanke 
id., OHG scanc 'rack, cupboarď. Derived 
from *skankaz. Torp-Falk 450; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 271; Vries AME]V 481; 
Onions 816; Heidermanns 485. 

*skankjanan wk.vb.: ON skekkja 'to set 
askew, to displace', OE scencan 'to pour 
ouť, OFris skenka id., OS skenkian id., 
OHG skenken 'to give to drink, to pour, 
to mix'. Derived from *skankaz. Torp- 
Falk 450; Holthausen AEEW 275; 
Pokorný I 930; Vries AMEW 488; 
Heidermanns 485; Kluge-Seebold 717. 

*skapan sb.n.: ON skap 'shape, form', OE 
3e-sceap 'creation, decree', OS skap 'ves- 
sel', MHG ge-schaf 'creature' . With irreg- 
ular *-p- < IE *-b-, to be compared with 



Lat scabo 'to scrape', Lith skambú, skabti 'to 
piek'. For the semantic development cf. 
various reflexes of IE *tekp-. Zupitza 
Gutt. 150; Persson Beitrage 142, 784; 
Torp-Falk 450; Trautmann BSJ V 262; 
Holthausen AEEW 272; Walde- 
Hofmann II 484-485; Feist 200-201; 
Pokorný I 930-933; Fraenkel 791; 
Vrtes ANEW 483; Onions 816; Seebold 
407; Lehmann GED 148-149. 

*skap(j)an ~ *skapón sb.n./m.: OFris 
schep 'cupboarď, OS skapo 'vessel for 
liquids', OHG scaffo id. Cf. also ON 
skeppa 'bushel' < *skappjón. Despite the 
differences in consonantism, close to Gk 
arátpri 'tub', aicáqxx; 'ship'. Further see 
*skabanan. Torp-Falk 451; Pokorný I 
932; Frisk II 718. 

*skapjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-skapjan 'to 
create', ON skepja 'to shape, to form', OE 
scippan 'to shape, to form, to create', 
OFris skeppa id., OS skeppian id., OHG 
skepfen id. Derived from *skap(j)an ~ 
*skapón (in its originál meaning *' shape'?). 
Kuhn KZ I 139 (related to Skr skabh-, 
skambh- 'to support'); Grimm K? I 81; 
Torp-Falk 450-451; Feist 200-201; 
Holthausen AEEW 277-278; Kluge 
631-632; Jóhannesson IEW 824-826; 
Pokorný I 930-933; Vries AMEW 483, 
489; Onions 816; Seebold 406-408 (to 
Lith skopti 'to hollow, to chisel', Slav *sko- 
piti 'to castrate'); Lehmann GED 148; 
Kluge-Seebold 709. 

*skapójanan wk.vb.: ON skapá 'to shape, 
to form, to make', OHG gi-skaffón 'to 
form, to builď. Derived from *skap(j)an ~ 
*skapon. Cf. *skapjanan. Torp-Falk 451; 
Seebold 407; Kluge-Seebold 709. 

*skarbaz I sb.m.: ON skarfr 'cormoranť, 
OE scrisf id., OHG scarbo id. (n-stem). 
Identical with *skarbaz II? Suolahti 
DVM 393-397; Torp-Falk 457 (to 
*skrafójanari); Holthausen AEE]V 282; 
Vries ^VEir 484; Kluge-Seebold 712. 

*skarbaz II sb.m.: ON skaifi 'plank, 
board', MLG scharj 'broken fragment'. 
Derived from *skerfanan. Torp-Falk 
457; Vries AVEÍK484; Seebold 415. 



skardan 



335 



skartan 



*skarčtan sb.n.: ON škard 'notch, chink', 
OE sceard 'tile, sherď, OFris skerd 
'cut, notch', MLG schart 'crack, chink', 
MHG schart, scharte 'notch, gap' (fem.). 
Substantivized *skardaz. Torp-Falk 
454; Holthausen AEEW 273-274; Vries 
AMEW 484; Onions 816-817; Kluge- 
Seebold 713. 

*skarčtaz adj.: ON skarbr 'diminisheď, 
OE sceard 'notched, hacked, gasheď, 
OFris skerd 'nickeď, OS škard 'chopped 
up, woundeď, OHG lidu-scart 'mutilateď. 
Probably related to Olr scert 'part', Lat 
scortum 'hide, skin'. Further see *skeranan. 
Karsten MB II 333; Torp-Falk 454 
(substantivized participle of *sker-); Holt- 
hausen AEEW 273; Walde-Hofmann II 
497-498; Pokorný I 940; Vries AMEW 
484; Onions 817; Bammesberger Mom. 
251; Heidermanns 485-486; Kluge- 
Seebold 713. 

*skarčtjanan wk.vb.: ON skerda 'to dimin- 
ish', OE part. ^e-scyrded 'destroyeď, 
OHG skerten 'to damage, to cuť. Derived 
from *skardaz. Vries AMEW 490-491; 
Heidermanns 486. 

*skarjan sb.n.: ON sker 'isolated rock 
in tíre sea', MLG seker 'rock, cliff', 
MHG scher id. Derived from *skeranan. 
Zupitza Gutt. 154; Vries AMEW 490. 

*skarjanan wk.vb.: Godr us-skarjan 'to 
tear out, to sober', OE scirian 'to separate, 
to divide, to alloť, OS skerian 'to separate, 
to distribute, to alloť, OHG skerien id. 
Causative of *skeranan. Grienberger 
Got. 233; Torp-Falk 453-454; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 278; Feist 534; Pokorný 
I 939; Lehmann GED 383. 

*skar(j)5n sb.m.: Norw skere 'plowshare', 
OE scear id. (< *skaraz), OFris skere id. 
(fem.), MLG schar, schare id. (neut., fem.), 
OHG scaro id. Derived from *skeranan. 
Derivationally close to Lith skará 'rag', 
Slav *skora 'hide, skin' (Fick III 453). 
Persson Beitráge I 176; Torp-Falk 454; 
Buga III 950-951. 

*skarnan sb.n.: ON skám 'dung, dirť, OE 
scearn 'dung, filth', OFris skern 'dung', 
MLG scharn id. Related to Hitt šakkar 



'dirť, Gk aKcóp id. Further to *skeranan. 
Petersson SVSL I 95 (*-rn- reflects hete- 
roclysis similar to Gk and Hitt); Zupitza 
Gutt. 155; Torp-Falk 456; Holthausen 
AEEW 274; Pokorný I 947-948; Vries 
AMEW 484; Frisk II 746; Lerchner 228; 
KVluge-Seebold 720. 

*skar5 I sb.f: ON skqr 'crowd, multitude, 
army', MLG schare 'crowd, share', OHG 
scara 'crowd, army'. Derived from *sker- 
anan. Zupitza Gutt. 154; Torp-Falk 
453; Holthausen AEE]V 274; Pokorný 
I 939; Zalizniak II 183; Seebold 
414; Bammesberger Mom. 108; Kluge- 
Seebold 712. 

*skaró II sb.f: ON skqr 'hair, rim, edge', 
OE scearu 'shearing, eutting'. Derived 
from *skeranan. Torp-Falk 453. 

*skarpaz adj.: ON skarpr 'sharp', OE 
scearp id., OFris skerp id., OS škarp id., 
OHG skarpf 'sharp, rough'. Identical with 
Latv skarbs 'sharp, stríct, rough'. For die 
labial extension of *sker- 'to cuť cf. also 
Mír cerb 'sharp', Toch B kdrpye 'rough', 
Slav *ščbrb~b 'incomplete, deficient'. Notě 
ON part. skorpinn 'shrivelleď reflecting 
str. *skerpanan. Schróder IF XVII 
459-465; Karsten MB I 67, II 228; 
Zupitza Gutt. 155; Torp-Falk 456; 
Holthausen AEEW 274; Pokorný I 943; 
Kuhn Festschr. ] Vágner 107-113; Vries 
AMEW 485; Onions 817; Vasmer- 
Trubachev IV 503-504; Seebold 416; 
Luhr Expr. 266; Heidermanns 487; 
KVluge-Seebold 712. 

*skarpjanan wk.vb.: OESc sharpa 'to 
press, to tuck', OS gi-skerpian 'to sharpen', 
MHG scherpfen id. Derived from *skarpaz. 
Heidermanns 487. 

*skartan ~ *skartaz sb.n./m.: ON skart 
'show, finery', MHG scharz 'jump, 
spring'. Derived from a poorly attested 
str. *skertanan > MHG scherzen 'to spring, 
to jump'. The latter is related to Skt 
kurdati 'to spring', Gk Kpa8áto 'to swing' 
(a secondary denominative based on 
*KÉp8ra). Torp-Falk 455; Pokorný I 
934; Vries AMEW 485-486; Frisk II 
1-2. 



skarzojanan 



336 



skauniz 



*skarzójanan wk.vb.: Norw skaná 'to 
make a scratching sounď, MLG scharren 
'to scratch', MHG scharren id. Derived 
from *skerzanan. Torp-Falk 457. 

*skattaz sb.m.: Goth skatts 'money, coin', 
ON skattr 'tribute', OE sceatt 'property, 
goods, wealth', OFris sket 'money, catde', 
OS skatt 'piece of money, wealth', OHG 
scaz 'denarius, money, wealth'. A very 
difficult word. Grienberger Got. 188 
(with the originál meaning 'coin, piece of 
money', from Gmc *ska(i)- 'to cuť); 
Schroder R'Z XLVIII 266-272 (recon- 
structs *skwattaz); Wood MP XVIII 86 
(from *skhntuo- 'covered with pelť); 
Marstrander apud Knutsson ^fslavPh 
XV 129 (from a Celtic ethn. XkÓttoi); 
Velten JEGP XXIX 497 (semantic 
influence of Lat pecúnia); Torp-Falk 
448-449; Lewy KZ LXII 263-264 (from 
Osset sk'istt 'cattle-shed'); Stender- 
Petersen 313-315 (Gmc > Slav *skotb 
'catde, property, money'); Feist 429; 
Mladenov 585 (related to Slav *skotb 
'catde'); Holthausen PBB LXVI 267 (to 
Lat scated 'to bubble, to gush'), AEEll' 
27 '4; Martinet Gem. 64, 150, 200; 
Jakobson IJSLP 1/2 271 (from Slav 
*skotb), SR IV 605-606 (Slav *skotb < 
*skoptb, to *skopiti 'to castrate'); Vries 
ANEW 486 (Oriental Wanderwort); 
Zalizniak I 135; Martynov Jazyk 28- 
29 (samé as Jakobson); Onions 795; 
Benveniste IEL 48, 154-155; Abaev III 
123-124 (Gmc < Slav < Osset < Irán 
*fšu-kata-)\ Lehmann GED 309; Kluge- 
Seebold 713. 

*skabjanan str.vb.: Goth skapjan 'to 
injure, to harm', ON skeňja 'to scathe, to 
hurť, OE sceSdan id. Derived from 
*skapón. Bugge IF I 447 (adds Arm 
xafarem 'to destroy'); Torp-Falk 449; 
Feist 429-430; Holthausen AEEW 
274; Pokorný I 950; Vries ANEW 
487; Vendryes S-46— 47; Seebold 408; 
Lehmann GED 309-310. 

*skaj5Ójanan wk.vb.: ON skaia 'to scathe, 
to hurť, OE sceadian 'to hurt, to harm', 
OFris skathia, skethia id., OS scathon id., 



OHG scadon id. Derived from *skapon. 
Torp-Falk 449; Holthausen AEEW 
274; Pokorný I 950; Vries ANEW 479; 
Onions 795; Lehmann GED 310. 

*skaj5Ón sb.m.: ON skaůi 'harm, damage', 
OE sceada 'scathe, harm, injury', OFris 
skatha 'harm, loss', OS skatho 'harm', 
OHG scado id. Cf. also Goth neut. skapis 
'harm, injustice'. Despite the phonetic 
discrepancies, related to Gk *cíkíj9oi; in 
á-OKT|9r|(; 'unharmeď, Olr scathaim 'to 
scathe, to harm' (Osthoff PBB XIII 
459). Torp-Falk 449; Holthausen 
AEEW 274-275 (the íirst element of 
Sca(n)dinavia identified with *skapon); Feist 
429-430; Jóhannesson IEW 824; 
Pokorný I 950; Vries ANEW 480; 
Zalizniak II 224; Frisk I 164; Onions 
795; Lehmann GED 309-310; Bammes- 
berger Norn. 179; Kxuge-Seebold 709. 

*skabulaz adj.: Goth skapuls 'harmful', 
OHG skadal 'wicked, spoileď. Derived 
from *skapón, *skapjanan. Feist 429; 
Seebold 408; Lehmann GED 310; 
Heldermanns 488. 

*skaučtó sb.f: Goth skauda-raip 'thong, 
strap', ON pl. skaudir 'horse's sheath', 
MLG schode 'horse's sheath' (neut.), 
MHG schote 'pod'. Related to Gk okútoi; 
'skin, leather', Lat scútum 'shielď. Torp- 
Falk 468; Walde-Hofmann II 503; Feist 
430; Pokorný I 951-953; Vries ANEW 
486 (to ON skjóůa 'small skin-bag'); Frisk 
II 744-745; Lehmann GED 310; Kluge- 
Seebold 741. 

*skaufan ~ *skaufaz sb.n./m.: ON 
skauf 'sheaf, OE sceáf 'sheaf, bundle', 
OFris scaf 'bundle, sheaf, OS skof id., 
OHG scoub 'bundle of straw'. Connected 
with Slav *čub~b 'hairlock, bundle' < 
*(s)keubho-. Zupitza Gutt. 156; Torp- 
Falk 470; Holthausen AEEW 272; 
Pokorný I 956; Zalizniak II 1 72; Vřes 
ANEW 486-487; Onions 817; Stang LS 
17; Trubachev ESSJa IV 126; Kluge- 
Seebold 713-714. 

*skauniz adj.: Goth skauns 'graceful, good- 
looking', OE scíne 'beautiful', OFris 
skine id., OS sedni 'brilliant, beautiful', 



skauniz 



337 



skelduz 



OHG sconi 'beautifuP. Further related to 
*skawaz. Cf. probably NPhryg prop. 
HeuvT| unless it continues *^evpa = Gk 
fem. ^évr| 'host, stranger' (Orel Phrygian 
438). Karsten MB II 178; Torp-Falk 
465; Feist 431; Holthausen AEEW 277 
Wissmann NP 40; Pokorný I 588 
Onions 818; Lehmann GED 310-311 
Heidermanns 488-489 (reconstructs 
*skaunaz)', Kluge-Seebold 740. 

*skaunín sb.f.: Goth guda-skaunei 'godly 
form, 0£OÍ> |iop<pT|', OS skáni 'splendor, 
beauty', OHG sconi id. Derived from 
*skauniz. Feist 431; Lehmann GED 310. 

*skautan ~ *skautaz sb.n./m.: Goth 
neut. or mase. skaut(s) 'hem, edge, fringe', 
ON skaut 'corner of a square cloth, sheeť, 
OE sceát 'corner, angle, nook', OFris skat 
'coattail, skirť, MLG schót id., MHG 
schoz 'fold, apron'. Derived from *skeu- 
tanan. Meyer Goth. 1036 (to Lat cauda 
'tail'); Torp-Falk 468; Walde-Hoffmann 
I 185; Holthausen AEEU' 274; Feist 
431; Pokorný I 956; Vries ANEW 487; 
Zalizniak II 183; Onions 818-819; 
Lehmann GED 311; Fíluge-Seebold 741. 

*skautjanan wk.vb.: ON skeyta 'to convey 
a piece of land to another, to join to- 
gether', MLG schaten 'to splice, to piece 
togeťher'. Derived from *skautan ~ *skau- 
taz. Vries ANEW 491. 

*skautón sb.m.: ON skauti 'kerchief, a 
square piece of wooď, OE sceáta 'corner, 
angle, cloth', MLG schote 'poť, MHG 
fem. seoze 'fold, apron'. See *skautan 
~ *skautaz. Holthausen AEE]V 274; 
Vries ANEW 487. 

*skawaz adj.: Goth us-skaus 'sober' (leg. 
un-skaus), ON opin-skár 'made public'. 
Identical with Gk (6i>o-)<tkÓoq 'sacrificing 
priesť. Psilander Festschr. Lidén 229; 
Torp-Falk 465; Feist 534-535; Stur- 
tevant PhQ VII 78; Pokorný I 588; 
Vries ANEW 107; Frisk I 695. 

*skawójanan wk.vb.: OE sceáwian 'to 
look, to observe', OFris skawia id., OS 
skawon id., OHG scouwon id. Derived 
from *skawaz. Related to Gk Koéta 'to 
notice', Lat caueo 'to beware' (< *coueo), 



Slav *čujq, *čuti 'to feel, to perceive' with- 
out initial *j-. Cf. OE háwian 'to view, to 
look' < *xe(u)w- < IE *kěu-. Thur- 
neysen KZ XXVIII 155; Solmsen 
KZ XXXVII 1-3; Torp-Falk 465; 
Brůckner 1 83 (to Slav *xovati 'to hide, to 
keep'); Walde-Hofmann 186—187; Vries 
ANEW 486-487; Pokorný I 587-588; 
Frisk I 890-891; Onions 823; Tru- 
baohev ESSJa rV 134-136; Lehmann 
GED 310, 378; Fvluge-Seebold 714. 

*skexanan str.vb.: MLG sken 'to happen 
(to smb.)', OHG gi-skehan id. Related to 
Olr scuchid 'to leave, to go away' < 
*skoketi, Slav * skočiti 'to spring, to hop'. 
Torp-Falk 448; Pokorný I 922-923; 
Keuge-Seebold 318. 

*skelbanan str.vb.: ON skjálfa 'to shake, 
to shiver, to quiver', OE scelfan id. Of 
unknown origin. Zupitza Gutt. 154 (to 
Slav *kolébati 'to shake'); Torp-Falk 461; 
Jóhannesson IE\V 850-851; Pokorný I 
928; Vries ANEW 495; Seebold 411- 
412. 

*skelbo(n) sb.f: ON skjálf shelf, seať, OE 
scilje 'shelf, ledge'. Related to *skelianan. 
Torp-Falk 461 (to *skel-p- 'to sprit'); 
Pokorný I 926. 

*skelčtjanan wk.vb.: ON skilda 'to shielď, 
OE scildan 'to shield, to protéct', MHG 
schilten 'to shielď. Derived from *skelduz ~ 
*skeldiz. Holthausen AEE1 1^278; Vries 
ANEW 492. 

*skeldu-bur3z ~ *skeldi-bur3z sb.f: 
ON skjald-borg 'wall of shields, testudo', 
OE scild-burs id., OHG scilt-burg id. 
Compound of *skeliuz ~ *skeldiz and 
*bur3z. Carr Nom. comp. 52. 

*skelduz ~ *skeldiz sb.m.: Goth skildus 
'shielď, ON skjqldr id., OE scild id. (< 
*skeldaz), OFris skeld id., MLG schilt id., 
OHG skilt id. Derivative of *skeljanan ~ 
*skelojanan (Kógel IF TV 319: to Lith 
skiltis 'slice', skilti 'to split off'). 
Aufrecht KZ I 360-361; Hoffmann BB 
XVIII 286-287 (to Skt kheta- 'shielď); 
Charpentier IF XXVIII 185 (against 
Hoffmann); Uhlenbeck KZ XX 560; 
Zupitza Gutt. 151; Torp-Falk 458; 



skelctuz 



338 



skeranan 



Feist 432; Pokorný I 924; Vries 
AMEW 486-487; Zalizniak II 203; 
Onions 820; Lehmann GED 311; Kluge- 
Seebold 721. 

*skel3az ~ *skelxaz adj.: ON skjálgr 
'wry, oblique', OE sceolh 'oblique, wary', 
MLG schele 'squinting', OHG skelah 
'squinting, oblique' . An Erweiterung related 
to Gk okoA-vÓi; 'curved, benť, Lat scelus 
'evil deed, sin, crime', Arm šel 'crookeď, 
Alb fale 'lamě' (Johansson PBB XIV 
296-298). Karsten JVB II 291-292; 
Zupitza Gutt. 75; Torp-Falk 460; Holt- 
hausen AEE\V 275; Walde-Hofmann II 
492; Kluge 627 (identical with MDu 
schelu 'crookeď, MHG schelb id. < 
*skelxwaz); Pokorný I 550, 928; Vries 
AMEW 495; Frisk II 723-724; Heider- 
manns 493-494; Rluge-Seebold 714- 
715; Orel AED 49. 

*skel3Janan ~ *skelxjanan wk.vb.: 
ON skelgjask 'to come askew', MLG sche- 
len id., OHG skilihen id. Derived from 
*skel3az ~ *skelxaz. Holthausen AEE]f 
276; Vries AMW 489. 

*skeljanan ~ *skelojanan wk.vb.: ON 
skilja 'to part, to divide', OE scilian 'to 
separate', OFris skilla 'to battle', MLG 
schelen, schillen 'to split, to separate'. 
Related to Hitt iškalla- 'to tear apart, to 
slit open', Gk aKÚXXíň 'to hoe, to harrow' 
< *sklio, Lith skeliú, skélti 'to spliť. 
Zupitza Gutt. 151; Torp-Falk 458; 
Holthausen AEEW 277; Pokorný I 924; 
Fraenkel 801; Vries AMEW 492; Frisk 
II 715-716; Tischler HEG I 397-398; 
Lehmann GED 311-312. 

*skelkaz sb.m.: ON skelkr Tear', MHG 
schelch 'male deer'. Distantly related to 
*skeltanan. Pokorný I 929 (to MHG 
schel 'springing', OHG scelo 'draught 
horše'); Vrtes AMEW 489. 

*skellanan str.vb.: ON skjalla 'to clatter, 
to slam', OE scilian 'to cause to sound', 
OHG skellan 'to sound'. Related to Slav 
*skoliti 'to howl, to whine'. Torp-Falk 
459; Holthausen AEEW 277; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW 247; Pokorný I 550; Vries 
AMEW A<Í5; Seebold 412-413; Vasmer- 



Trubaohev III 662; Kluge-Seebold 
711, 716. 

*skellaz adj.: ON skjallr 'loud, clashing, 
shrill', OE sáli 'sonorous, sounding', 
OHG ab-skelli 'absurd, discordanť. De- 
rived from *skellanan. Karsten MB I 
35-36; Torp-Falk 459; Holthausen 
AEEW 277; Vries AMEW 495; Seebold 
413 (reconstructs *skaUiz); Matzel 
Festschr. Schroder 98, Kratylos XXXIV 135, 
KZCV 102-103; Heidermanns 494. 

*skellingaz sb.m.: Goth skilliggs 'shilling, 
golden solidus', ON skillingr 'gold coin, 
aureus', OE scillins 'shilling', OFris scilling 
id., OS skilling id., OHG skilling id. 
Derived from *skellanan (Diefenbach VW 
II 249). Persson KZ XXXIII 286 (to 
*skaljo); Schroder KZ XLVIII 254-256, 
ZDADL XLVIII 254 (to *skcliuz ~ 
*skeliiz similar to or influenced by the 
Romance usage of Lat scútum 'shield' as 
a name of a coin); Torp-Falk 459; 
Brondal Substrát. 147—149 (from Rom 
*scella < *silicula 'little coin'); Mar- 
strander Corr. 25 (originally, shield-like 
clipeoli on the Roman gravestones); 
Holthausen AEEW 278-279; Feist 433; 
Vrtes AMEW 492; Onions 820; Lehmann 
GED 312 (from *skel- 'to split, to cuť); 
Fvluge-Seebold 721. 

*skenban ~ *skenb5 sb.n./f: ON skinn 
'skin (of a litde animal)', MHG scint 'fruit 
shell'. Probably related to Bret skant 
'dandruff' < *sknto-. Zupitza Gutt. 156; 
Torp-Falk 449-450; Pokorný I 929; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 99; Vries AME]V 
493. 

*skeranan str.vb.: ON skera 'to cut, to 
slaughter', OE sceran 'to cut, to shear', 
OFris skera id., MLG skeren id., OHG ske- 
ran id. Connected with Gk GKgípco 'to cut 
off', KEÍpra 'to cut, to shear', Alb shqerr 'to 
tear (cloth)', Olr scaraim 'to separate', 
Lith skiriú, skirti id. (Zupitza Gutt. 
154-155). Grtmm KZ I 83; Torp-Falk 
453-455; Trautmann BSW 266-267; 
Holthausen AEEW 278; Trier PBB 
LXIX 425-432; Jóhannesson IEW 
835-842; Pokorný I 938-940; Fraenkel 



skeranan 



339 



skelo 



808; Vries ANEW 490; Frisk I 810 
811; Onions 818; Vendryes S-33-34; 
Seebold 413-414; Lehmann GED 383; 
Orel AED 433; Kluge-Seebold 7 1 7— 
718. 

*skerfanan str.vb.: OE sceoifan 'to gnaw, 
to bite'. Related to Latv škěrpét 'to cut the 
turf with a plough'. Zupitza Gutt. 155; 
Torp-Falk 456; Holthausen AEE~W 
276; Pokorný I 938-947; Seebold 
414-415. 

*skerzanan str.vb.: OS of-skerran 'to 
scratch', OHG scerran id. Related to Skt 
kásati id., Lat carro id., Lith karšiú, kařšti 
'to card, to comb (of wool)' < *(s)ker-s-. 
Torp-Falk 457; Walde-Hofmann II I 
173-174; Pokorný I 532; Fraenkel 224. 

*skeubanan ~ *skúbanan str.vb.: Goth 
aj-skiuban 'to rejecť, OSwed skiuva 'to 
shove', OE sceófan, scúfan id., OFris pres. 
skuva id., MLG schuven id., OHG skioban 
id. Related to Lith skumbú, skubti 'to hurry 
up', Slav *skubti 'to pluck'. Torp-Falk 
470; Trautmann BSW 263; Feist 9; 
Holthausen AEE]V 284; Jóhannesson 
ffill'822; Pokorný I 955; Fraenkel 820; 
Vries ANEW 506; Onions 823; Seebold 
416-417; Stang LS 50; Lehmann GED 6; 
Kluge-Seebold 719. 

*skeulan ~ *skúlan sb.n.: ON skjól 
'shelter, cover', EFris schul 'protection, 
rescue', MLG schul 'hiding pláce'. 
Related to *skuwwon. Zupitza Gutt. 153; 
Torp-Falk 466; Pokorný I 951; Vries 
ANEW 495; Hilmarsson TIES V 153- 
154 (to Toch B ossale 'north' < *-skeuelo-). 

*skeuljanan ~ *skúljanan wk.vb.: ON 
skýla 'to screen, to shelter, MHG schúlen 
'to be hidden'. Derived from *skeulan ~ 
*skúlan. Torp-Falk 466. 

*skeum5n ~ *skeumaz sb.m.: ON 
skjómi 'řlickering lighť, OE sceám 'white 
horše'. Derived from *skeu-\ Skt skunóti 'to 
rummage'. Holthausen AEE]V 273; 
Pokorný I 954; Vries ANEl\ r 496 (to 
*skauniz). 

*skeuraz sb.m.: ON skjór 'magpie', MLG 
schare id. Identical with Slav *ščur~b 'rať. 
Brutnier KZ XXXIV 366 (to ON skjarr 



'shy, timiď); Friesen SVSU VII/2 40 (to 
*skewjanan); Holthausen A]VN 254 (to 
*skauniz); Pokorný I 598; Vries ANE]V 
496. 

*skeutanan str.vb.: Crim. Goth schieten 'to 
shooť, ON skjóta id., OE sceótan id., OFris 
skiata id., OS skiotan 'tělo sequi', OHG 
skiozan 'to shoot, to throw'. Connected 
with Alb h(j)edh 'to throw, to shooť < 
PAlb *skeuda. Zupitza Gutt. 156; Torp- 
Falk 467-468; Holthausen AEEW 11%; 
Feist 414; Pokorný I 955-956 (to Skt 
códati 'to incite, to animate'); Vries 
ANEW 496; Onions 822; Seebold 
417—418 (to Lith šáiiju, šáuti 'to shooť); 
Lehmann GED 298; Kluge-Seebold 720; 
Orel AED 143-144. 

*skeutaz adj.: ON skjótr 'swifť, OE sceót 
'ready, quick'. Derived from *skeutanan. 
Karsten NB II 453-454; Torp-Falk 
468; Holthausen AEE]V 276; Wissmann 
NP 56; Vries ANEW 496; Bammesberger 
Nom. 240; Heidermanns 497. 

*skeutaz ~ *skeutan sb.m./n.: ON 
skjótr 'vehicle, horše', OHG scioz 'side of 
a fork'. Substantivized *skeutaz. Vries 
ANEU T 496. 

*skěxaz adj.: ON comp. skári 'better, 
advisable', OHG schďhe 'squinting' (sec- 
ondary ja-stem). Derived from *skexanan. 
FvArsten MB I 63-64, 72-73, II 48; 
Torp-Falk 448; Pokorný I 930; Vries 
ANEW 108; Matzel KZ CV 115; 
Heidermanns 490—491. 

*skěko sb.f: Norw dial. skaak 'fork shafť, 
LG schake 'chain link'. Probably related 
to Mír ail-cheng 'rack (for weapons)', 
Lith kéngé 'hook'. Torp-Falk 447 (to 
Lat cingo 'to go round in a circle, to 
surrounď); Holthausen AEEW r 271; 
Pokorný I 537-538; Vries ANEJť 511; 
Onions 814. 

*skěló sb.f: ON škál 'bowl' (pl. from 
*sklliz), OS skala id., OHG sedla id. 
Connected with *skalo. Gůntert Laby- 
rinth 40-41; Torp-Falk 458; Pokorný I 
925 (to IE *skel- 'to cuť); Vries ANEW 
481; Zalizniak II 194; Onions 793; 
Lehmann GED 308; Kluge-Seebold 710. 



skepan 



340 



skipan 



*skěpan sb.n.: OE sceáp 'sheep', OFris skep 
id., OS skap id., OHG scáf id. Of 
unknown origin. Probably belongs to a 
group of I Vanderworter similar to Alb c(j)ap, 
sqap 'he-goať (> Rum fap id.), Slav *cap~b 
id., presumably irradiating from Iranian 
(NPers čapiš 'one year old goať). Fiok BB 
V 169 (to Skt chaga- 'he-goať); Suolahti 
ANT 121-124 (samé as Fick); Torp-Falk 
451 (to NPers čapiš); Holthausen IF 
XXXDC 74 (to *skapjanan, cf. Dan kreatur 
'catde'), AEEW Holthausen AEEW 273; 
Partridge 615 (non-IE, to Eg s.t id.); 
Zalizniak I 143; Martynov Jazyk 27-28 
(from Slav *skopT> 'castrated ram'); Onions 
818; Davis IF XCVI 118-135 (to IE 
*skebh- 'to cut with a sharp instrument'); 
Kluge-Seebold 709. 

*skěrjan ~ *skěró sb.n./f: ON pl. skeai 
'scissors', OE sceár id., OFris skěre id., OS 
skara id., OHG scara 'thongs, scissors'. 
Derived from *skeranan. Torp-Falk 
454; Holthausen AEEW 273; Pokorný I 
940; Vries A.NE1 V 5 1 0; Zalizniak II 2 1 8; 
Seebold 414; Kluge-Seebold 717. 

*skěwjanan wk.vb.: Goth skewjan 'to go 
(forth)', ON skieva 'to stride'. Cf. also 
EFris schqjen 'to go, to hurry', Du schooien 
id. < *skaujanan. Related to *skeu-\ Lith 
šáuju, šáuti 'to shove, to shooť, Slav *sujq, 
*sovati 'to push, to throw'. Grimm K~l I 
83; Pipptng Xema 169; Torp MNEO 606 
(to Lith šuoliais 'galloping'); Zupitza Gutt. 
195 (samé as Torp); Torp-Falk 466; 
Trautmann BSW 300; Feist 432 (to 
IE *skek u - 'to jump'); Jóhannesson IE\V 
205 (to *skiiro ~ *skuraz), 822 (to 
*skakanan); Pokorný I 954-955; Vasmer- 
Trubaghev III 705; Vries Aj\El\ r 511; 
Lehmann GED 311. 

*skiďr(j)az adj.: OHG skiteri, sketari 'loose, 
ťhin'. Close to Skt chidrá- 'pierceď, Gk 
aKi8apóv ■ áparóv (Hes.), Latv skidrs 
'thin'. Further see *skiian. Torp-Falk 
463-464; Trautmann BSW 263-264; 
Mayrhofer I 407; Pokorný I 920; 
Fraenkel 805-806; Htersche TA 102- 
103; Euler IGG 115; Heidermanns 498; 
KTuge-Seebold 746. 



*skiftjanan wk.vb.: ON skipta 'to divide, 
to part, to share', OE sciftan 'to divide, 
to separate into shares', OFris skifta 'to 
determine', MLG schiften 'to divide, to 
exchange'. Connected with *skipajanan. 
Torp-Falk 463; Holthausen AEEW 
278; Vries ANEW 493; Onions 820. 

*skimójanan wk.vb.: ON skima 'to look 
all arounď, OE scimian 'to grow dark', 
MDu schemen 'to give shadow', MHG 
schimmen 'to gleam, to glisten'. Related to 
*skimon. Cf. an expressive derivative 
*skimrqjanan > OE scimrian 'to shine, to 
glisten', MLG schaneren 'to be shaded or 
shadowy', G schimmern id. Holthausen 
AEEW 279; Vries AME]V 492; Onions 
820. 

*skinan sb.n.: ON skin 'shining', OHG y- 
scin 'appearance'. Derived from *skinanan. 
Torp-Falk 462; Vries ANEW 492; 
Seebold 410. 

*skinó sb.f: OE sánu 'shin', MLG schene 
id., OHG sána id. Related to *skijan. 
Torp-Falk 463; Holthausen AEE]V 
279; Onions 820; Kxuge-Seebold 720. 

*skipa-farďiz sb.f: ON skip-ferS 'sea- 
voyage', OE sáp-jird 'naval expedition', 
MLG schip-vart 'navigation', OHG sáf-fart 
id. Compound of *skipan and *fardiz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 78 (parallel formations). 

*skipa-mannz sb.m.: ON skip-madr 
'sailor', OE sáp-mann id., OFris sáp-mann 
id., MLG schip-man id., OHG sáf-man id. 
Compound of *skipan and *mannz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 78 (parallel formations). 

*skipan sb.n.: Goth skip 'ship', ON skip 
id., OE sáp id., OFris skip id., OS skip id., 
OHG sáf id. Originally, *'structure, 
framework' as demonstrated by the deriv- 
ative *skipojanan, cf. semantically Slav 
*sQďb 'vessel, ship' < *kom-dhě-. Related 
to Lith skiebti 'to unstitch, to rip, to make 
a hole, to cut (bread)', Latv škibít 'to cuť 
(Trter Z dph LXX 348-349: 'ship' < 
'skin-covered framework'). Bréal MSL 
VII 147 (to Gk QKáiSfoq 'hulí of a ship'); 
Uhlenbeck PBB XXVII 131 ('ship' < 
'hollowed log', to Gk ckÍjicov 'staff'); 
Torp-Falk 463; Holthausen ZFXXXLX 



skipan 



341 



skiriz 



70 (to Lat cibus 'dish, fooď), AEEW 
279; Feist 433-434; Pokorný I 922; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 72; Fraenkel 805; 
Vries ANEW 493; Zalizniak I 143; 
Onions 821; Lehmann GED 312; Kluge- 
Seebold 720. 

*skipa-steurón sb.m.: ON skip-stjóri 
'shipper, captain', OE scip-steóra 'steers- 
man, pilot'. Compound of *skipan and 
*steuron (see *steuro ~ *steur(j)an). Carr 
Nom. comp. 82 (parallel formations). 

*skipojanan wk.vb.: ON skipa 'to order, 
to arrange, to establish', OFris skipia 'to 
set in order, to array', MLG schippen id. 
Based on *skipan in its unattested originál 
meaning *'structure, framework'. Torp- 
Falk 463; Pokorný I 895 (to Lith skiebú, 
skiebti 'to unstitch, to rip, to make a hole, 
to cut (bread)', Slav *ščipati 'to pinch'); 
Vries ANEW 493; Fraenkel 805; 
Onions 820; Lehmann GED 312. 

*skiwón sb.m.: ON ský 'clouď, OE 
sceó id., OS skio, skeo 'light cloudiness'. 
Probably related to *skinanan. Zupitza 
Gutt. 153; Torp-Falk 462; Holthausen 
AEEW 21% Pokorný I 951 (to *skeulan ~ 
*skúlan); Vries ANEW 508; Onions 832. 

*skíbon sb.f.: ON skífa 'slice', ME schífe 
id., OFris skíve id., OS sláva id., OHG 
skiba 'balí, disk, slice'. Related to *skaiíaz. 
Derivationally close to Gk oKtntov 'staff, 
cane'. Further connected with Gk 
okoito?- f| ě^o%r| xňv ijúXeov, átp' róv eíoi 
oi KÉpanoi (Hes.), Lat sápio 'staff'. 
Torp-Falk 464-465; Walde-Hofmann 
II 496; Pokorný I 922; Vries ANEW 
491; Frisk II 733; Onions 818; Kluge- 
Seebold 715. 

*skldan sb.n.: Crim. Goth sched-iit 'lighť, 
ON skíd 'řirewood, ski', skífii 'sheath', 
OE sád 'shingle, a piece of wood split 
thin', OFris skid id., OHG sát 'log, 
wooden handle'. Related to Olr scíath 
'shielď and Slav *ščitb id. Within 
Germanic, cf. *skaidanan ~ *skaipanan. 
Grienberger Got. XXX 129; Loewe IF 
XIII 12 (Crim. Goth < Iranian, cf. Av 
xsaeta- 'glamor, radiance'); Torp-Falk 
463-464; Holthausen AEEW 276; Feist 



414; Pokorný I 921; Vries ANEW 491 
Zalizniak I 143; Onions 820, 831 
Seebold 403; Lehmann GED 298, 308 
Kluge-Seebold 716. 

*skíjan sb.n.: ON ski jugglery'. Metaphor 
based on the originál meaning *shadow', 
*'shining' or the like. Derivationally close 
to Toch B skiyo 'shade, shadow', Gk oKiá 
id., Alb hije id., Latv sejs 'shadow, mirror 
reflection, image' (Sturtevant SSJ\ LX 
155). See *skinanan. Pokorný I 91 7 — 
918; Vries ANEW 491; Frisk II 730- 
731; Orel AED 147; Adams TB 706; 
Burlak IFTJa 262. 

*skímón sb.m.: Goth skeima 'torch, 
lantern', ON skáni 'gleam of lighť, OE 
sama 'splendor, brightness, lighť, OS 
scímo 'light, shine, shadow', OHG samo 
'brilliance, shine'. Derived from *skinanan. 
Close to Olr sáam 'beauty'. Zupitza 
Gutt. 195; Torp-Falk 462; Holthausen 
AEEW 279; Feist 431; Pokorný I 
917; Vrtes ANEW 492; Zalizniak I 
154; Seebold 410; Lehmann GED 
311; Bammesberger Nom. 184; Kluge- 
Seebold 717. 

*skínanan str.vb.: Goth skeinan 'to shine', 
ON skina id., OE srínan id., OFris skina 
id., OS skinem id., OHG skinan id. 
Etymologically connected with Toch B 
skiyo 'shadow', Skt cháya 'shadow, 
reflection', Gk oKiá 'shadow', Alb hije, he 
id., Latv seja 'shadow, face', Slav *sijati 'to 
shine'. Zupitza Gutt. 195; Torp-Falk 
461-462; Trautmann BSW 304; Feist 
432; Holthausen AEEW 279; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW 809-810; Mayrhofer I 407; 
Pokorný I 917; Vries ANEW 492; 
Zalizniak I 154; Frisk II 730-731; 
Onions 820; Stang LS 47-48 (to Slav 
*sbjati 'to shine'); Seebold 409—410; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 629; Lehmann 
GED 311; Kluge-Seebold 715; Orel 
AED 147; Burlak IFTJa 262. 

*skíriz adj.: Goth skeirs 'clear', ON skin 
'clear, bright, pure', OE scír 'bright, 
clear', OFris skire id., OS skir 'clear, 
unmixeď, OHG skiri 'pure, clear, bril- 
lianť. From here * skir o (OE scír 'office, 



skiriz 



342 



skrafojanan 



business, districť, OHG scíra 'business, 
office') is derived. Identical with Alb hir 
'grace, favor, mercy' < PAlb *skira, Slav 
*šňrb 'clean, true'. Probably further 
related to *skinanan. Grimm KZ I 83; 
Karsten NB II 447; Brúckner KZ LI 
226 (to Slav *širokt> Vide'); Zupitza Gutt. 
195; Torp-Falk 462 (Slav < Gmc); Feist 
432; Holthausen /F XIV 341-342 (*skiro 
to Lat cúra 'care, charge' < *koisá), 
AEEW 280; Pokorný I 917-918; Vries 
ANEW 494; Onions 818, 821; Stang LS 
58; Seebold 410; Vasmer-Trubachev IV 
507-508; Lehmann GED 311; Heider- 
manns 492; Orel AED 148-149; Kluge- 
Seebold 720. 

*sklrjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-skeirjan 'to 
make clear', ON skíra 'to cleanse', OE 
scíran 'to make clear, to telí'. Derived 
from *skiriz. Torp-Falk 462. 

*skitanan str.vb.: ON skíta 'to defecate', 
OE satan id., WFris skite id., MLG schiten 
id., OHG bi-sktzan 'to make dirty, to 
defecate'. Related to Skt chinátti 'to cut 
off, to spliť, Gk axí^ 05 id., Lat scindo 
'to cut, to tear', Lith skíedžiu, skiesti 'to 
separate, to divide'. Torp-Falk 463; 
TRAtmuANN BSW 263—264; Holthausen 
AEEW 280; Waede-Hofmann II 493- 
494; Jóhannesson IEW 813-815; Mayr- 
hofer I 407; Pokorný I 919-921; 
Fraenkel 805-806; Vries ANEW 494; 
Frisk II 838-840; Onions 821; Seebold 
410-411; Lehmann GED 308; Kluge- 
Seebold 715-716. 

*skítaz sb.m.: ON skítr 'excrements', 
MLG schit id. Derived from *skitanan. 
Torp-Falk 463. 

*skób5(n) sb.f: ON skófúnged crusts (at 
the bottom of a pan)', MLG schove 'scale', 
OHG scuoba id. Derived from *skabanan. 
Torp-Falk 452; Lehmann GED 307. 

*skóxa-bwan3Íz sb.m.: ON skó-pvengr 
'shoe-string', OE scóh-dwan^ id. Com- 
pound of *skoxaz and *pwan3Íz. Carr 
Nom. camp. 82 (parallel formations). 

*skóxaz sb.m.: Goth skohs 'shoe', ON skór 
id., OE scóh id., OFris skoch id., OS skoh 
id., OHG scuoh id. Derived from *skexa- 



nan (in its originál meaning unattested 
in Gmc). Derivationally close to Toch 
B skák 'balcony'. Osthoff /TJfceftPÁ VI 
398-400 (to MW eskit 'shoe' < *ped- 
skúto-); Zupitza Gutt. 153 (from *skeu- 'to 
cover'); Persson Beitráge 186 (samé as 
Zupitza); Petersson Glotta VIII 72 (to Gk 
(TÚk^ch- i)7io8r| |iaxa <&púyia, Hes.); Torp- 
Falk 465; Wood JEGP XIII 506 (to 
*skankaz); Holthausen AEEW 280; Feist 
434; Pokorný I 951-953; Vries ANEW 
499; Onions 822; Zaliznlak I 135; 
Onions 822; Lehmann GED 312 (from 
*skeu- 'to cover'); Kluge-Seebold 744 (to 
*skaudo); Adams TB 705-706. 

*skóxjan sb.n.: Goth ga-skohi 'sandals, 
shoes', OE se-scý 'pair of shoes', OS jz- 
scohi 'shoe', OHG gi-scuohi id. Derived 
from *skóxaz. Feist 201; Lehmann GED 
312. 

*sk5xójanan ~ *skÓ3Ójanan wk.vb.: 
ON skúa 'to shoe', OE scó^an id., MLG 
schoien, schogen id., OHG scuohen id. 
Derived from *skóxaz. Holthausen 
AEEW 280; Vries AMW 506. 

*skóxslan sb.n.: Goth skohsl 'evil spirit, 
démon'. Identical with Olr scál 'super- 
natural being, phantom' < *skok-slo- 
derived from *skek- 'to jump' (0'Brien 
Ériu XI 89-90). Grimm DM 455 
('wood-spiriť related to ON skógr 'wood'); 
Kauffmann PBB XVIII 154-155 (samé 
as Grimm); Hellouist ANF VII 45 (from 
*skakanan); Feist 432 (to *skěwjanan); Meid 
KZ LXXVIII 153-155; Vendryes S-30; 
Lacy APS XXXII 114-120; Lehmann 
GED 312-313. 

*skóp5n sb.f: MLG schope 'vessel for bal- 
ing', MHG schuofe id. Connected with 
*skapan ~ *skapon. Onions 799. 

*sk5rj5(n) sb.f: ON skcera 'quarrel', MHG 
schuor 'shearing'. Derived from *skeranan. 
Pokorný I 938-939; Vries ANEW bil. 

*skrafojanan wk.vb.: ON skrafa 'to prate, 
to chat', MDu schraven 'to scrape'. Cf. also 
Norw skravla 'to crunch, to gnash', G dial. 
schrabbeln 'to make a noise' < *skraf-l-. 
Related to *skerfanan. The innovative root 
structure may result from the re-interpre- 



skrafojanan 



343 



skrempanan 



tation of zero grade forms like *skurfaz. 
Pokorný I 569 (to *xratnaz)', Vries 
AMEWbQl. 

*skraidan sb.n.: ON skreid 'step, páce, 
movemenť, OE scrád 'moving body (?), 
vessel (?)'. Derived from *skndanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 282; Vries AMEW 
502; Seebold 421. 

*skraidjanan wk.vb.: ON skreidask 'to 
creep, to slink', MHG schreiten 'to stride, 
to walk', OHG screiten 'to spread wide'. 
Derived from *skňdanan. Vries AjYElť 
502; Seebold 421. 

*skraibaz adj.; ON qr-skreidr 'sliding 
swiftly (of a ship)', MHG schreit 'broad, 
expandeď. Derived from *skňdanan. 
Karsten j\B I 79; Matzel Festschr. 
Schroder 95, K~l CV 96; Heidermanns 
500. 

*skraklaz ~ *skreklaz adj.: Norw dial. 
skrakal 'fragile, ailing', LG sbst. schrdkel 
'creature crippled while growing', MHG 
sbst. walt-schreckel 'faun, spirit of the 
woods'. Related to *skrenkwanan? Torp- 
Falk 471 (to Skt khaijati 'to creak'). 

*skralljanan wk.vb.: Norw skrella 'to cry', 
ME schrillen 'to shrill'. Derived from 
*skrellanan. Torp-Falk 474. 

*skrallutjanan wk.vb.: Icel skrdlta 'to cry', 
OE scrallettan 'to make a loud sounď. 
Derived from *skrellanan. Torp-Falk 
474. 

*skram(m)5n ~ *skrěmón sb.f: ON 
skráma 'scar', MLG schráníme 'scratch', 
MHG schramme id. Related to Mír screm 
'surface, skin', Lith krdmas 'tetter, scab', 
Slav *kroma 'edge' (Mikkola IF XXIII 
121). Zupltza Gutt. 157; Torp-Falk 
471; Pokorný I 945; Vries AMW 501; 
Petleva Etim. 1974 22-25; Kluge- 
Seebold 741. 

*skrampaz ~ *skrempaz sb.m.: Norw 
skramp 'thin man, thin horše', ME 
shrimp 'dwarf, MHG schrimpj 'scratch'. 
Derived from * skrempanan. Torp-Falk 
474; Vries AAEII" 503. 

*skrapójanan wk.vb.: ON skrapa 'to 
scrape, to clatter', OE scrapian 'to 
scratch', MDu schrapen id., MHG schraffen 



'to fleece'. Derived from *skrepanan. 
Zupitza Gutt. 28, 157; Torp-Falk 456; 
Holthausen AEEW 282; Vries AMEW 
501; Onions 801 (to *skarpaz)\ Stang 
LS 49; Seebold 425; Kluge-Seebold 
742. 

*skrattón sb.m.: ON skrati, skratti 'wizard, 
warlock, goblin', OHG scraz 'pixie, 
goblin'. Related to Norw dial. skrata 'to 
laugh loudly', Swed skratta 'to laugh' of 
imitative origin. Torp-Falk 472-473; 
Pokorný I 933 (to Lith skrentú, skrgsti 'to 
be covered with a crusť); Vries ANEW 
501-502 (to Norw skranta 'to become 
thin'); Dukova Etim. 1982 61-63 (to Slav 
*ct>rtb 'devil'); Kluge-Seebold 742. 

*skraudanan str.vb.: OHG scrotan 'to cut 
off'. See *skraudaz. Torp-Falk 476; 
Pokorný I 947. 

*skraudaz sb.m.: OE fem. scréad(e) 
'shreď, OFris skred 'hair-cutting, clipping 
coin', MLG sehrát 'cut off piece', OHG 
serot 'shreď. Derived from *skraudanan. 
Identical with Lat dial. serotum 'serotum' 
< *scrautum, MW ysgiyd 'skeleton' < 
*skrouto-. Torp-Falk 476; Holthausen 
AEEW 282; Walde-Hofmann II 501; 
Pokorný I 947; Onions 823; Kluge- 
Seebold 743. 

*skrawaz adj.: ON sbst. skrá 'dry skin, 
scroU', MLG schrá 'barren, thin'. Related 
to Gk xpóoc; 'surface of the body, skin' < 
*ghrouos (Fiok III 339). Torp-Falk 472 
(reconstruct *skraxo\ to Norw dial. skraaen 
'dry'); Torp MNEO 616 (to Skt bšá- 'ema- 
ciated, lean, weak'); Pokorný I 933; 
Vries ANEW 500-501; Frisk II 1120 
1121. 

*skrekk5janan wk.vb.: Norw dial. skrikka 
'to spring, to jump', MLG schricken, 
schrecken 'to move hands and feet, to 
dance'. Of imitative origin. Might be 
eventually connected with Gk (jKaípco 'to 
spring'. Torp-Falk 472; Pokorný I 
934; Frisk II 714-715. 

*skrellanan str.vb.: Norw skrella 'to 
sounď. Of imitative origin. Cf. *skratton. 
Torp-Falk 474. 

*skrempanan ~ *skrempěnan str./ 



skrempanan 



344 



skrubbjo 



wk.vb.: ON skreppa 'to slip', MLG 
schrimpen 'to shrink, to shrivel', MHG 
schrimpfen id. Related to Lith skrembú, 
skrébti 'to get a thin crust, to stiffen', Slav 
*skrebq, *skrebti 'to scratch' (Zupitza Gutt. 
28). See *skrepanan. Torp-Falk 474; 
Trautmann BSW 267; Jóhannesson IEW 
843-845; Pokorný I 948-949; Fraenkel 
815-816; Vries AMEW 503; Seebold 
423 (to Lith skirbstú, skiřbti 'to shrink, to 
shrivel'). 

*skrenkwanan str.vb.: OSwed part. 
skrunken 'to shrink, to shrivel', Norw 
sh'0kka 'to shrivel up', OE scrincan 'to 
wither away, to become weak', MDu 
schrinken 'to move together'. Similar to 
*skre-n-t- in Lith skrentú, skr^sti 'to be cov- 
ered with a crusť. Torp-Falk 473; 
Holthausen AEE1 V 283; Jóhannesson 
IEW 831-832; Pokorný I 936 (to 
*xrenkwanan > ON hrekkva 'to fall back, to 
recoil'); Seebold 424-425. 

*skrepanan str.vb.: OE screpan 'to scrape, 
to scratch', MDu schrepen 'to shove'. 
Related to Lith skrembú, skrébti 'to get a 
thin crust, to stiffen', Latv skrabt 'to 
scratch', Slav *skrebq, *skrebti 'to scratch'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 157; Torp-Falk 456; 
Trautmann BS1V 267; Holthausen 
AEEW 282; Pokorný I 938-947; 
Seebold 425; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
656. 

*skrěkjanan wk.vb.: ON skrmkja 'to 
screech, to shriek', MLG schrěken 'to laugh 
loudly'. A variant of *skňkjanan. Cf. also 
ME shreame 'to scream', WFris skrieme 'to 
weep', WFlem schreemen id. Pokorný I 
569 (to Skt kharjati 'to creak'); Vries 
ANE1V505; Onions 801. 

*skricfiz ~ *skrij3Íz sb.m.: ON skriSr 
'creeping or sliding motion', OE scriíe 
'course', OHG scrit 'step'. Derived from 
*skriianan. Torp-Falk 475; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 283; Pokorný I 937; 
Vries AMEW 503; Zalizniak I 149; 
Seebold 421; Bammesberger Mom. 129. 

*skriftiz sb.f.: ON skript 'picture, drawing, 
tapestry', OE scrift 'penalty, penance' 
(mase), OFris scrift 'writing', MDu schrift 



id., OHG scrift id. Derived from *sknba- 
nan. Holthausen AEEW 283; Onions 
823-824; Seebold 420. 

*skripulaz adj.: ON shiiall 'transienť, 
OE uiíd-scriSol 'wide-wandering, ram- 
bling'. Derived from *skridanan. ÍÍAR- 
sten II 276; Holthausen AEEW 284; 
Heidermanns 502. 

*skrlbanan str.vb.: OSwed skríva 'to 
write', OE scrífan 'to assign, to deeree, to 
alloť, OFris skríva 'to write', OS skňban 
id., OHG skňban id. Hardly borrowed 
from but, probably, semantically in- 
fiuenced by Lat seríbo 'to write'. Of un- 
known origin. Holthausen AEEW 283; 
Jóhannesson IEW 1166-1167; Pokorný 
I 946-947; Onions 824; Seebold 
419-420; Kxuge-Seebold 742. 

*skridanan ~ *skríj5anan str.vb.: ON 
skríba 'to creep, to crawl', OE scríóan 'to 
go, to wander', OFris pres. scňda 'to 
walk', OS skňdan 'to glide, to stride', 
OHG bi-seritan 'to glide'. Related to Lith 
skriedžiů, skrwsti 'to make a circle, to move 
arounď. Torp-Falk 475; Holthausen 
AEEW 283; Mezger GR XVII 94-98; 
Jóhannesson IEW 831-835; Pokorný I 
937; Fraenkel 817; Vries AMEW 503 (to 
*xripo); Zalizniak I 149; Onions 801; 
Seebold 421-422; Fvluge-Seebold 742. 

*skrikjanan wk.vb.: Icel skrikja 'to cry', 
ME schňken id., OS seňkon id. Of imitative 
origin. Cf. *skrekjanan. Zupitza Gutt. 158; 
Vries ANE1V 503 (to Icel hrikta 'to creek'). 

*skritanan str.vb.: Goth dis-skreitan 'to 
tear (asunder)', G dial. schreissen, schritzen 
id. Close to Mír serissid 'to cuť < 
*skrid-t- continuing IE *skrei-. Grien- 
berger Got. 57 (to Lat scindo 'to eut, to 
tear'); Zupitza K'Z XXXVI 243; Feist 
120; Pokorný I 938-947; Seebold 
420-421; Lehmann GED 91 (to IE *skrei- 
'out, to separate'). 

*skrubbjó sb.f: Dan dial. skrub 'brush- 
wooď, OE serybb 'underwood, shrub- 
bery', NFris skrobb 'broom, brushwooď. 
Related to *skrubbojanan. Buga RFV 
LXX 252 (to Lith skraubis 'fear'); Torp- 
Falk 476; Onions 824. 



skrubbojanan 



345 



skunkaz 



*skrubbójanan wk.vb.: Swed skrubba 'to 
rub, to scrub', MLG schrobben, schrubben 
'to scratch, to rub'. Related to Lat scrúpus 
'rough, sharp stone'. Torp-Falk 476; 
Walde-Hofmann II 501-502; Pokorný I 
947; Vries AAEII'504. 

*skrůdan sb.n.: ON skrúd, skrúdi 'shroud, 
gear', OE scrúd 'dress, clothing, attire'. 
Derived from *skraudanan. Zupitza Gutt. 
157; Torp-Falk 476; Holthausen 
AEEW 284; Vries ANEW 504-505 (ON 
< OE); Onions 824. 

*skrúdjanan wk.vb.: ON skrýda 'to 
clothe, to dress, to adorn', OE scrýdan 'to 
put on (clothes), to clothe'. Derived from 
*skrúian. Holthausen AEEJ\ t 284; 
Onions 824; Vries ANEW 505. 

*skuďčtjanan wk.vb.: OFris schedda 'to 
tremble', OS skuddian id., OHG scutten id. 
Probably related to Gk aicú^onai 'to be 
angry' < *aio>8-j-, Lith skundu, skústi 'to 
be nervous, to be tireď. Bezzenberger- 
Fick BB VI 240; Pokorný I 955; 
Fraenkel 823; Frisk II 740-741; Onions 
824. 

*skuftan sb.n.: Goth skuji 'hair', ON skopt 
id., OHG scuft 'tuft of hair, hair-lock' 
(fem.). Based on *skuppaz. Grienberger 
Got. 190—191 (from *skeutanan ~ 
*skíibanan)\ Zupitza Gutt. 47; Torp-Falk 
470 (to ON skúfi 'tassel'); Feist 435; 
Pokorný I 956; Vries ANEW 499 (to 
Slav *čup~b 'forelock'); Zalizniak I 143; 
Lehmann GED 313; Kluge-Seebold 740. 

*skuldaz ~ *skulčtjaz adj.: ON skyldr 
'obligatory, due', OHG scult 'accuseď. 
Participle of *skala. Torp-Falk 460; 
Vries ANEJi 7 509; Seebold 405; Lehmann 
GED 313; Bammesberger Nom. 251. 

*skuldiz sb.f: ON skyld 'tax, due', OE 
scyld 'guilt, sin, debť, OFris skelde 'debť, 
OS skuld id., OHG sculd 'accusation, 
guilť. Derived from *skala. Torp-Falk 
460; Pokorný I 927; Holthausen AEEJ V 
285; Vries AMEW 506-507; Vries 
AMEW 509; Zalizniak I 151; Onions 
815; Seebold 405; Lehmann GED 
313; Bammesberger Nom. 142; Kluge- 
Seebold 744. 



*skuldjojanan wk.vb.: ON skylda 'to bind 
in duty, to oblige', OE sáldan 'to shield, 
to protéct', OFris ur-skelda 'to forfeiť, 
MLG schulden 'to accuse', OHG sculdon 
id. Derived from *skuliiz. Holthausen 
AEEW 285; Vries ANE1 V 509. 

*skuldr(j)5 sb.f: Swed skuldra 'shoulder', 
OE sculdor id. (mase), OFris skulder id., 
MLG schulder id., OHG scultra, scultina id. 
A zero-grade derivative of *skelduz ~ 
*skeldiz. Torp-Falk 460 (to Gk kcoW| 
'thighbone with the flesh on it, ham'); 
Holthausen AEEW 285; Pokorný I 925 
(reconstructs *skl-dhrá 'shoulder-bone as a 
digging tool'); Zalizniak II 181; Onions 
823; Kluge-Seebold 744. 

*skull5n sb.m.: Swed skolla 'piece of tin, 
thin plate', MLG schulte 'piece of earth', 
OHG scollo 'earth lump'. Related to 
*skeulan ~ *skulan. Torp-Falk 459; 
Kluge-Seebold 739-740. 

*skulón sb.m.: Goth skula 'debtor', OS 
školo id., OHG školo id. Derived from 
*skala. Feist 435; Onions 815; Benve- 
niste 153; Seebold 405; Benveniste IEL 
153; Lehmann GED 313; Bammesberger 
Nom. 177. 

*skulpaz sb.m.: ON skolpr 'turner' s chisel', 
MLG scholpe 'mussel shell', G dial. Schóíp 
'clod, lump'. Probably related to *skel- 
janan ~ *skelojanan. Pokorný I 926; 
Vries ANE]V 498 (to *skaljo). 

*skuman ~ *skúmaz sb.n./m.: Norw 
dial. skum 'foam', MLG schúm id., OHG 
scum id. Derived from *skeu-\ Skt skunóti 
'to cover'. Torp-Falk 466; Pokorný I 
951. 

*skundjanan wk.vb.: ON skynda 'to has- 
ten', OE scyndan id., OS skundian 'to lure', 
OHG seunten id. Of unknown origin. 
Torp-Falk 469; Pokorný I 957. 

*skundójanan wk.vb.: ON skunda 'to 
speed, to hasten', OS far-skundian 'to 
incite, to instigate'. See *skunďjanan. 
Torp-Falk 469; Mayrhofer III 508; 
Pokorný I 957; Vries ANEW 507 (to 
*skeutanan). 

*skunkaz sb.m.: ON skokkr 'chest, trunk, 
ship's hulk', NFris skonk 'cross-beam 



skunkaz 



346 



skutilaz 



under the end of the roof, LG schunk 
'second layer of beams in a square struc- 
ture'. Cf. also OS skokka 'swinging move- 
menť (fem.), OHG skokka 'swinging' 
(fem.). Related to *skankaz. Ljunggren 
ANF LIV 1 7-44 (to ON skukka 'crease'); 
Torp-Falk 467; Holthausen A1VN 254 
(reconstructs *skukkaz, to Skt kóša- 'cask, 
coop'); Pokorný I 953-954; Vries 
ANEW 497. 

*skupan sb.n.: ON skop 'railing, mocking', 
MDu scop 'mockery, derision', OHG scopj 
'story, anecdote, mockery'. Cf. also OE 
scop 'poet' (mase). Probably derived 
from *skupojan 'to spring' > ON skopa 'to 
mock' (Wissmann SDAW Jahrg. 1954/2). 
Zupitza Gutt. 154; Torp-Falk 469; 
Holthausen AEEW 281; Vries ANEW 
498; Onions 799; Bammesberger JVom. 98. 

*skuppaz sb.m.: MHG schopf 'tuft, fore- 
lock'. Related to Slav *čub~t> ~ *čup~b id. < 
*(s)keub(h)o- ~ *(s)keupo- (Ehrismann PBB 
XX 54-56). See *skaufan ~ *skaufaz. 
Torp-Falk 469; Berneker I 160-161; 
Pokorný I 956; Trubachev ESSJa IV 
126. 

*skup(p)5janan wk.vb.: ON skoppa 'to 
spin like a top', MDu schoppen 'to mock'. 
Derived from *skupan. Martinet Gém. 
168, 173; Torp-Falk 469; Vries ANEW 
499. 

*skurdiz sb.m.: ON skurdr 'eutting, carv- 
ing', OFris skerd id. Continues *skrti- 
derived from *skeranan. Zupitza Gutt. 
155; Torp-Falk 455; Vries ANEW 507. 

*skurfaz sb.m.: Swed skorfscurF, OE scorf 
id., MLG schorf id., OHG scorf id. De- 
rived from *skerfanan. Torp-Falk 457. 

*skurójanan wk.vb.: ON skorá 'to eut, to 
incise', OE scorian 'to reject, to refuse', 
MLG schuren 'to rub'. Derived from 
*skuro(n). Holthausen AEEJ\~ 281; 
Pokorný I 954; Vries ANEW 499 
(direedy to *skuron); Lehmann GED 405. 

*skuró(n) sb.f: ON skorá 'score, incision', 
OE scoru 'score, 20 pieces', MLG schore 
'fissure' (mase). Derived from *skeranan. 
Holthausen AEEW 281 (OE < ON); 
Vries ANEW 499. 



*skur5n sb.f: Goth winpi-skauro 'winnow- 
ing fork', Swed dial. skurá 'shověl', OHG 
scora id. Related to Gk aiojpoq 'chippings 
of stone', Lith skiauré 'boat full of holes 
ušed to keep fish' (Persson Beitrage I 374— 
376). Hirt Ablaut 113 (to Lat securis 
'axe'); Torp-Falk 470-471; Feist 566; 
Pokorný I 954; Frisk II 743-744; 
Lehmann GED 405 (to IE *skeu- 'to eut, 
to separate'). 

*skurtaz adj.: ON sbst. skortr, skort 'short- 
age, wanť, OE scort 'shorť, OHG scurz 
id. Probably related to Olr scerdid 'to 
serape off', Lith skérdžiu, skérdéti 'to get 
fissures, to erack'. Karsten NB II 203; 
Zupitza Gutt. 155; Torp-Falk 455; 
Holthausen AEEW 281; Kxuge Vorg. 
338 (from Lat *excurtus 'shorť); Pokorný 
I 941; Fraenkel 801; Vries ANEW 500; 
Onions 822; Lůhr-Matzel R'Z XCLX 
259; Heidermanns 503; Kluge-Seebold 
718; Orel AED 425 (Alb shkurt 'shorť < 
Gmc). 

*skurtěnan wk.vb.: ON skorta 'to be short 
of, to lack', MDu schortm 'to be absent, to 
mangle, to lack'. Derived from *skurtaz. 
Zupitza Gutt. 157; Torp-Falk 455; 
Heidermanns 503. 

*skurtjón sb.f: ON skyrta 'shirt, robe' (if 
not from OE), OE scyrte 'short garment, 
skirť, MLG schorte 'apron'. Derived 
from *skurtaz. Holthausen AEEW 286; 
Onions 821, 832; Vries ANE]V 510; 
Heidermanns 503; Kluge-Seebold 745; 
Orel AED 425 (Alb shkurte 'shirť < Gmc). 

*skutan sb.n.: ON skot 'shot, shooting', 
OE scot 'rapid movemenť, OFris scot 
'throw, shot', OHG scoz 'catapult, 
projectile'. Derived from *skeutanan. 
Torp-Falk 468; Holthausen AEEW 
276; Vries ANEW 500; Onions 822-823; 
Seebold 418; Bammesberger Nom. 57. 

*skuta-wur<ian sb.n.: ON pl. neut. skot- 
yrbi 'scoffs, taunts', MHG schoz-wort id. 
Compound of *skutan and *wurdan. 
Jóhannesson IEW 206 (*skuta- compared 
with Gk Kt)8á^to 'to revile, to abuse'); 
Vries ANEW 500. 

*skutilaz sb.m.: ON skutili 'harpoon, bolť, 



skutilaz 



347 



skuton 



OE scytel 'darť. Derived from *skutan. 
Torp-Falk 468; Holthausen AEElf 
286; Vries ANEW 508; Onions 803, 825; 
Seebold 418. 

*skutiskaz adj.: ON skozkr 'nimble, alerť, 
MDu schotsch 'wrong, strange'. Derived 
from *skutan. Vries ANEW 500. 

*skutiz sb.m.: ON skútr 'stern', OE sejte 
'shooting', OFris skete id., MLG schote id., 
OHG scuz 'throwing, shooting'. Derived 
from *skeutanan. Holthausen AEE]\ t 
286; Vries ANEW 508. 

*skutjón I sb.m.: ON skyti 'marksman', 
OE scytta 'shooter, archer', OFris sketta 
id., MLG schutte id., OHG skuzzo id. 
Derived from *skeutanan or *skutan. 
Holthausen AEEW 286; Vries ANEW 
510; Seebold 418; Fíluge- Seebold 746. 

*skutjón II sb.f: ON skytja 'rittle nook', 
MLG schutte 'bulkheaď. Derived from 
*skutan. Vries ANEW 510. 

*skutójanan wk.vb.: ON skota 'to shove', 
OE scotian 'to move rapidly', OS skoton 'to 
shoot, to throw', OHG seozzon 'to shoot, 
to throw'. Derived from *skutan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 281; Vries ANEW 500; 
Seebold 418. 

*skutó(n) sb.f: ON aust-skota 'scoop', 
MHG dial. schoss 'bread shověl'. Derived 
from *skeutanan. Vrhís ANEW 500. 

*skuwwuz adj.: Norw dial. skygg 'timiď, 
MLG schúwe id. May be related to 
*skawojanan. On the other hand, a direct 
derivation from *skuwwon cannot be out- 
ruled. Torp-Falk 467; Onions 825; 
Kluge-Seebold 718. 

*skuwwjanan wk.vb.: ON skyggoa, skyggja 
'to overshadow', OHG pres. scuit 'adum- 
brať. Derived from *skuwwó~n. Torp- 
Falk 466. 

*skuwwón sb.m.: Goth skuggiva 'mirror', 
ON skuggi 'shade, shadow', OE saíwa id., 
OHG scúwo 'look'. Related to Skt skunati 
'to cover', Arm c'iw 'roof, Olr cúl 'back' 
continuing IE *(s)kem- 'to cover' (van 
Helten PBB XXX 247: separates 
Goth). Tucker Notes Zl (to Lat seútum 
'shielď); Uhlenbeok 77V7X XXV 294 (to 
*skawojanan); Torp-Falk 465; Holt- 



hausen AEEW 284; Feist 435; Mayr- 
hofer III 508; Pokorný I 951 (to *skeu- 
lan ~ *skúlarí); Vries ANE1V 506; 
Zalizniak I 154; Onions 832; Lindeman 
Verschdifung 17.7; Vendryes C-28-29; 
Lehmann GED 313. 

*skúbójanan wk.vb.: ON skúfa 'to shove, 
to push', OE scúfan id., OFris skúva id., 
MLG schuven id. Derived from *skeubanan 
~ *skubanan. Holthausen AEEW 284; 
Vries ANEW 506; Onions 823. 

*skúfló sb.f: Swed skqfiiel 'shověl', OE scqfl 
id., OS wind-skůfla id., OHG scúvala, 
schúvel id. Derived from *skeuianan ~ 
*skúb~anan. Torp-Falk 470. 

*skúlan sb.n.: MLG schul 'asylům'. Cf. 
also OFris skul id. < *skulo. Identical with 
Gk okíiXov 'weapons stripped off a slain 
enemy, spoils'. Pokorný I 951; Dybo 
VSJa 26; Frisk II 742-743. 

*skúraz sb.m.: Icel skúrr 'shelter', OFris 
skůre 'shelter, sereen' (neut.), OS skůr 
id., MHG schůr 'shelter, sereen'. Related 
to Lith skúrá 'skin, bark', Lat ob-scurus 
'dark, dusky'. Torp-Falk 466; Walde- 
Hofmann II 196-197; Pokorný I 951; 
Fraenkel 822; Vries ANEW 507 (to 
*skeulan ~ *skůlari); Fíluge-Seebold 714. 

*skúró ~ *skúraz sb.f./m.: Goth skura 
'storm, shower', ON skůr 'shower', OE 
scúr id., OFris skůr 'fit of illness; shower 
(of rain)', OS skůr 'blows in batde', OHG 
scúr 'shower' (< *skůriz). May be con- 
nected with Lat caurus 'northwest winď, 
Arm c'urt 'cold, shower' < *skúrdo-, Lith 
šiaurys 'North winď, Slav *sěvei~b 'north, 
north winď (Schmidt KSB VI 149; 
Mikkola IF XVI 100). Torp-Falk 
466-467 (to *skěwjanan); Wood MLN 
XXI 228; Trautmann BSW 303-304; 
Meillet Etudes 410; Buga RFV LXVII 
245; Holthausen ^££11' 285; Walde- 
Hofmann I 190; Feist 436; Pokorný I 
597; Chemodanov SSGJa I 55-56; Vrtes 
ANE]V 507; Fraenkel 978; Zalizniak II 
197; Szemerényi K^ LXX 65; Onions 
823; Vasmer-Trubachev III 588-589; 
Lehmann GED 314; Kluge-Seebold 714. 

*skútón sb.f: ON skuta 'small eraft, eut- 



skuton 



348 



slaixwon 



ter', MDu schute 'flat-bottomed boať. 
Derived from *skeutanan (Ohlmarks apud 
Vries 507). Vries ANEW 507-508; 
Onions 800. 

*skwakkójanan wk.vb.: ON skvakka 'to 
splash', E dial. squack 'to shout loudly'. Of 
imitative origin. See *kwakojanan. Vries 
ANEW 508. 

*skwelpanan str.vb.: Norw skvelpa 'to 
rinse'. Probably related to Lith skalbiú, 
skalbti 'to do laundry'. Torp-Falk 477; 
Fraenkel 793. 

*sk("w)ulójanan wk.vb.: ON škola 'to 
wash', MLG scholen 'to stream, to flow'. 
Probably related to Lith skaláuju, skaláuti 
'to wash' (Zupitza Gutt. 47). Torp-Falk 
477; Fraenkel 793; Vries A/VETT497. 

*skwulpojanan wk.vb.: Icel skolpa 'to 
rinse', LG schulpen 'to splash'. Derived 
from *skwelpanan. Torp-Falk 477; 
Vries ANE] 1^ 498 (to *sk(w)ulojanan). 

*slabbójanan wk.vb.: Swed dial. slabba 
'to botch', MDu slabben 'to smirch'. Re- 
lated to *slepanan. Torp-Falk 537; 
Pokorný I 656. 

*sladan sb.n.: Norw dial. slad 'valley', OE 
sled 'fiat piece of grass, valley'. Probably 
related to Lith slednas 'Hať. Hendriksen 
IF LVI 28 (to Slav *slždb 'trace' < *sloid- 
hos); Torp-Falk 535; Holthausen /FXX 
326 (to Lat láma 'slough, bog, fen'), 
AEEW 291; Fraenkel 828; Vries ANEW 
516-517 (to Slav *kdb 'ice'); Onions 833; 
Levickij IF CIII 221 (to IE *slei- 'to 
slide'). 

*sla3an I sb.n.: ON slag 'blow, stroke', 
MLG šlach 'lock, bolť. Derived from 
*slaxanan. Vries ANEW 512. 

*sla3an II sb.n.: ON slag 'wetness', MLG 
slagge 'rainy weather'. Probably related 
to Lith šldkas 'drop, spoť < *(s)kloko-. 
Torp-Falk 534; Pokorný I 957; 
Fraenkel 998; Vries ANEW 512-513; 
Kluge-Seebold 723. 

*sla3Íz sb.m.: Goth slahs 'blow', ON slagr 
id., OE sle^e id., OFris sici id., OS slegi id., 
OHG slag id. Derived from *slaxanan. 
Torp-Falk 534; Holthausen AEE]V 
298; Feist 436; Vries ANEW 513; Zaliz- 



niak II 1 89; Seebold 426; Lehmann GED 
314; Bammesberger Nom. 135. 

*sla3J5(n) sb.f: ON sleggja 'sledge- 
hammer', OE slec3 id., Du slegge id. 
Derived from *sla3Íz. Torp-Falk 534; 
Holthausen AEEW 298; Vries ANEW 
514; Onions 834; Lerchner 233; 
Bammesberger Nom. 1 14. 

*sla3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON slaga 'to tack, to 
cruise', OFris slagia 'to beať, OLG slagon 
id., OHG slagon 'to strike together'. Based 
on *sla^an, *j/«3zV. Vries ANE] V 513. 

*slaxanan str.vb.: Goth slahan 'to strike', 
ON slá id., OE skán id., OFris slá id., OS 
slahan id., OHG slahan 'to strike, to 
smite'. Related to Mír slacc 'sworď, 
šlachta 'struck' (Stokes K^ XLI 388). 
Svanberg APS III 260 (to *slen3ivanan); 
Zupitza Gutt. 138; Torp-Falk 533; Feist 
436; Holthausen AEEW 298; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW 920-92; Pokorný I 959; 
Vries ANEW 512; Vendryes S-124; 
Onions 834; Seebold 425-427; Lehmann 
GED 314; Levickij IF CIII 222 (to IE 
*slei- 'to strike, to cuť); Kluge-Seebold 
722-724. 

*slaxó(n) sb.f: ON slá 'bar, bolt, cross- 
beam', OE slá, sleahe 'weaver's reeď, 
MLG slage 'beating tool'. Derived from 
*slaxanan. Torp-Falk 533; Holthausen 
AEEW 298; Vries ANEW 512. 

*slaxtó(n) sb.f: ON slátta 'mowing', OFris 
mon-slachta 'manslaughter', OS man-slahta 
'murder', OHG šlachta 'massacre'. De- 
rived from *slaxanan. Torp-Falk 533; 
Vrtes ANE] V 514; Onions 833; Seebold 
427; Lehmann GED 314; Kluge-Seebold 
722. 

*slaxtuz ~ *slaxtiz sb.m.: ON sláttr 
'mowing, smiting', OE sliht, sleaht 'strik- 
ing, slaughter'. Derived from *slaxanan. 
Torp-Falk 533. 

*slaixwa-{5urnuz ~ *slaixwa-burnaz 
sb.m.: Dan slaa-torn 'sloe', OE sláh-dom 
id., MLG slě-dorn id. Compound of 
*slaixwon ~ *slaixwaz and *purnuz ~ *i>ur- 
naz. Torp-Falk 532. 

*slaixw5n ~ *slaixwaz sb.m./f: Dan 
slaa 'sloe-thorn', OE sláh id., MLG slě 



slaixwon 



349 



slendanan 



id., OHG šleha id. Related to Olr li 
'color', Lat liueo 'to be blue' (Schrader- 
Nehring I 149, II 181). Torp-Falk 532 
(to Slav *sliva 'prune'); Holthausen 
AEEW 297; Walde-Hofmann I 816; 
Pokorný I 965; Onions 835; Kluge- 
Seebold 725-726. 

*slaipaz adj.: ON sleipr 'slippery', MDu 
sleep 'rising at an angle', OHG sleif 
'smooth, slippery'. Derived from *slípa- 
nan. Karsten JVB I 60-61; Torp-Falk 
539; Rluge 655-656; Jóhannesson IEW 
729-731; Pokorný I 663 (to Gk o^ippóg 
'slippery'); Vries ANEW 514 (to ON 
sleppa 'to slip, to slide'); Seebold 429- 
430; Heidermanns 505. 

*slaitó(n) sb.f.: ON sleita 'backsliding', 
MLG slet 'wooden pole', MHG sleize 
'splinter'. Derived from *slitanan. Vries 
ANEW 514 (to Lith sklaidýti 'to disperse'). 

*slaiwaz adj.: ON sler, sljór 'blunt, duli', 
OE sláw 'sluggish, slow', WFris sleau 
'slow', OS sleu 'despondent, cowardly', 
OHG slěo 'blunt, widiered, tepiď. Wiťh- 
out reliable external connections. A 
semantic interaction with *slakwaz cannot 
be excluded. Friesen SVSU VII/2 19 
(reconstructs *slaiwjaz)\ Brugmann Grund- 
ňfi 11/ 1 202 (to Lat laeuus 'lefť, Skt 
sreváyant- 'causing miscarriage'); Karsten 
NB II 417-418; Torp-Falk 532-533; 
Holthausen AEEW 297-298 (foUows 
Brugmann); Vries ANEW 518; Onions 
836; Bammesberger Nom. 244; Heider- 
manns 505-506. 

*slaiwojanan wk.vb.: ON sljóva 'to blunť, 
OE á-sláwian 'to be heavy', OHG 
slěwon 'to become limp, to become blunť. 
Derived from *slaiwaz. Holthausen 
AEEW 297; Vries ANEW 516; Heider- 
manns 505. 

*slakwaz adj.: ON slakr 'slack', OE 
shec 'slack, inactíve, lazy, slow', OS šlak 
'despondent, cowardly', OHG slah. 
Derived from *slekwanan (see *slakwjanan). 
Fíarsten NB I 2; Zupitza Gutt. 165; 
Torp-Falk 533; Holthausen AEE1\ t 
296-297; Pokorný I 959-960; Vries 
ANE]\ T 513 (to Russ pereslěga 'defect in a 



fabric'); Onions 833; Lůhr Expr. 229 (to 
Gk tóyvoc; 'lecherous, lustful'); Heider- 
manns 506; Kluge-Seebold 723. 

*slakwjanan wk.vb.: ON slqkkva 'to extin- 
guish', OE se-sleccan 'to make slack', OS 
sleckian 'to deaden, to weaken'. Causative 
of str. *slekwanan > ON part. slokinn 'to 
extinguish, to run ouť. Related to Lith 
slegiu, slegti 'to press, to squeeze'. Cf. also 
a similar secondary suffix in Lat langiuo 
'to be fainť (Persson Beitráge 131). 
Torp-Falk 533; Holthausen AEE]V 
298; Pipping Xema 146; Pokorný I 962; 
Fraenkel 828; Vries ANEW 518; 
Heidermanns 506. 

*slampojanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. slampa 
'to be negligenť, MHG slampen 'to sag'. 
Close to Lith slambú, sldbti 'to weaken'. 
See *slabtójanan, *slěpanan. Torp-Falk 
537; Fraenkel 825-826. 

*slan3wjanan wk.vb.: ON slqngva 'to 
sling', MLG slengen 'to hurl, to fling', 
OHG slangen 'to ťhrow'. Derived from 
*slen3wanan. Torp-Falk 536; Vries 
ANEW 518; Seebold 433. 

*slankaz adj.: Swed dial. slank 'long and 
slender', MLG slank 'flexible, slack', 
MHG slanc 'slender'. Derived from 
*slenkanan. Zubatý LF XX 406 (to Slav 
*slega 'pole'); Torp-Falk 536. 

*slaupjanan wk.vb.: Goťh af-slaupjan 'to 
put off, to make slip off', OE slipan 'to 
slip, to glide', OFris slepá 'to transfer', OS 
slopian 'to let loose', OHG sloufen 'to join, 
to connecť. Causative of *sleupanan ~ 
*slúpanan. Torp-Falk 542; Holthausen 
AEE1V 299; Feist 9; Seebold 436. 

*slautón sb.m.: E sket, LG pl. sloten 'hail', 
MHG slož id. Close to Slav *sluib 'crust 
of ice' (Petersson BSl. 62). Torp-Falk 
541; Lewy IF XXXII 158 (to Lat lutum); 
Onions 834; Shirokov VBK 204 (to Alb 
ledh 'mud, clay', OPrus laydis 'clay'); 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 676-677. 

*slendanan str.vb.: Goth fra-slindan 'to 
devour, to swallow up', OS pret. sg. far- 
sland id., OHG slintán id. Of unknown 
etymology. Grienberger Got. 74 (to 
Lith sklendžiu, skhjsti 'to fly, to hover'); 



slendanan 



350 



slixtaz 



Torp-Falk 536-537; Feist 164-165; 
Johansson PBB XIV 326 (to *slidanan); 
Mayrhofer III 558 (to Skt srédhati 'to 
fail, to err'); Pokorný I 960-961; 
Seebold 432 (to Lith lendú, listi 'to 
creep'); Lehmann GED 125; Kluge- 
Seebold 728. 

*slen3wanan str.vb.: ON slyngoa, slynga 
'to throw, to sling', OE slintán 'to wind, 
to twist', MLG slingen, slengen 'to wind', 
OHG slingan 'to decay'. A variant of 
*len3(w)anan? On the other hand, may be 
related to Lith slenkú, sliňkti 'to crawl' (see 
* slmkana.fi). Zupetza Gutt. 69-70 (to Lat 
liquis 'crookeď); Torp-Falk 536; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 299; Jóhannesson IEW 
930-931; Pokorný I 961; Vries ÁNEW 
518; Onions 835; Seebold 432-433; 
Kluge-Seebold 727-728. 

*slenkanan str.vb.: OSwed pret. slank 'to 
creep', OE slincan 'to crawl', WFris slinke 
'to reduce, to decrease', MLG slinken 'to 
decrease'. Despite the irregular corre- 
spondence of velars, can be related to 
Lith slenkú, sliňkti 'to crawl' (Zupitza 
Gutt. 69-70). On the other hand, cf. a 
certain semantic affinity with *slen3wanan, 
Torp-Falk 535-536; Trautmann BS]V 
269; Holthausen AEEW 299; Senn 
Sprache V 182-186 (Lith < Gmc); 
Pokorný I 959-960; Fraenkel 832-833; 
Seebold 433; Kluge-Seebold 724. 

*sleupanan ~ *slúpanan str.vb.: Goth 
sliupan 'to slip, to slide', OE slúpan 'to slip, 
to glide', WFris slupe id., MLG s lupen id., 
OHG ir-sliofan 'to come (out)'. No reliable 
external parallels except for Toch AB 
lup- 'to rub lightly, to smear' (Duchesne- 
Guillemln BSL XLI 152). Corssen KB 
430 (to Lat lúbricus 'slippery'); Fick 1577 
(samé as Corssen); Zupitza Gutt. 28; 
Torp-Falk 542; Feist 438 (to Lat lúbricus 
'slippery', Lith slúbnas 'languid, duli, 
weak'); Holthausen AEEW 300; 
Pokorný I 963-964; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 91; Onions 836; Seebold 
435-436; Lehmann GED 315; Kluge- 
Seebold 727; Adams TB 558. 

*sleutanan ~ *slútanan str.vb.: OFris 



sluta 'to close', OS part. ut-bi-slotenun 
'seclusis', OHG bi-sliozan 'to close'. A vari- 
ant of Hútanartt Fierlinger K^ XXVII 
191 (to Lat claudo 'to limp, to be lamě'); 
Johansson PBB XrV 289-291 (samé as 
Fierlinger); Torp-Falk 541; Pokorný I 
604-605; Seebold 436-437 (follows 
Fierlinger); Kluge-Seebold 727. 

*slěpanan str.vb.: Goth slepan 'to sleep', 
OE slápan id., OFris slepá id., OS slápan 
id., OHG slafan id. Related to Lith slab- 
nas 'weak', slobstu, slobti 'to weaken', Slav 
*slab-b id. (Zupitza Gutt. 27-28; Hirt 
PBB XXIII 292, Idg. Gr. II 130). Fick 
Glotta II 128 (to Gk Xriyoo 'to stay, to 
abate'); Brugmann IF VI 96 (to Lat labo 
'to totter, to be ready to falT); Persson 
Beitrdge 489; Torp-Falk 537; Trautmann 
BSW 270; Schwentner KZ LXVI 260 
Feist 437-438; Holthausen AEEW 297 
Pokorný I 655-657; Fraenkel 825-826 
Onions 834; Stang LS 50; Seebold 
434-435; Vasmer-Trubachev III 664; 
Lehmann GED 315; Kluge-Seebold 723. 

*slěpaz sb.m.: Goth sleps 'sleep', OE slep 
id., OFris slep id., OS slap id., OHG 
sláfiá. Related to *slepanan. Torp-Falk 
537; Holthausen AEEW 297; Feist 437; 
Onions 834; Seebold 434; Lehmann 
GED 315. 

*slidón sb.m.: ON sledi 'sledge', OS slido 
id., OHG slito id. Derived from *slidanan. 
Torp-Falk 539; Vries ANEW 514; 
Onions 834; Seebold 428; Kluge- 
Seebold 728. 

*slidrójanan wk.vb.: Norw slidra 'to slide, 
to slip', OE slidrian, slidorian id., LG slid- 
deren id., G schlittern id. An emphatic 
derivative of *slidanan. Torp-Falk 539; 
Holthausen AEEW 298; Heidermanns 
512. 

*slixtaz adj.: Goth slaihts 'smooth, even', 
ON sléttr 'plain, Hat, even, smooth', OE 
adv. eord-slihtes 'in an earťh-destroying 
manner', OFris sliucht 'simple', OS sliht 
'decorated, ornamenteď, OHG sleht 
'smoouh, milď. Derived from *slikanan 
(Zupitza BB XXV 97). Karsten NB II 
318; Froehde BB III 5 (to Gk Hom adv. 



slixtaz 



351 



sliwan 



AíySr|v 'grazing'); Feist 436—437; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 299; Kluge 638-639; 
Pokorný I 664; Vries ANEW 515; 
Onions 834-835; Vendryes S-133; 
Seebold 428-429; Lehmann GED 314; 
Bammesberger Nom. 249; Heidermanns 
512-513; Kluge-Seebold 725. 

*slixtjanan wk.vb.: ON slétta 'to make 
plain, to level', OHG slihten 'to smooth, 
to quieť. Derived from *slixtaz. Vries 
ANEW 515; Heidermanns 513. 

*slimbaz adj.: MLG slim 'bent, crookeď, 
OHG slimb id. Related to Latv slips 
'slanting, slopeď vvithout nasál (Lewy K^ 
XX 561). Further cf. *sllpanan. Torp- 
Falk 538; Pokorný I 657; Onions 835; 
Lůhr Expr. 148-150; Heidermanns 513. 

*slipraz adj.: OE slipor 'slippery', MLG 
slipper id., OHG sleffar id. Close to Gk 
óXi(3póv óXia9ripóv, ^etov, £7na<paXé<; 
(Hes.). Derived from *slipanan. Torp- 
Falk 539; Holthausen AEEW 299; 
Pokorný I 663; Austin Language XVII 
87; Frisk II 376; Heidermanns 514. 

*slitan sb.n.: ON slit 'tear, slit', OE lah-slit 
'fine payable for the breach', OFris slit 
'slit', OHG gi-sliz 'spliť. Derived from 
*slitanan. Vries ANEW 516; Seebold 
430. 

*slit5n sb.f.: ON slita 'tearing, splitting', 
MLG slete 'wear, wear and tear'. See 
*slitan . Vrie s ANE W 5 1 6 . 

*slídanan str.vb.: OE slídan 'to slide', 
MLG sliden id. (stem?), OHG bi-slMan 'to 
make slippery, to lubricate'. Related to 
Skt srédhati 'to fail, to err', Gk óXioOávto 
'to slip' (based on *óXi0-), Lith slýstu, slýsti 
'to slide, to slip' (Uhlenbeck PBB XXVI 
294-295). Torp-Faek 539; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 298; Mayrhofer III 558; 
Pokorný I 960-961; Fraenkel 833; 
Frisk II 377; Onions 834; Seebold 
427-428; Kluge-Seebold 728. 

*slíkanan str.vb.: MLG sliken 'to creep', 
OHG slihhan id. Related to Olr sligim 
'to smear', Slav *slbz~bkb 'smooth', 
'slime' (Scheftelowitz K^ LIV 248). 
Pokorný I 662-664; Seebold 428-429; 
Kluge-Seebold 726. 



*slíkaz adj.: ON slíkr 'sleek, smooth', 
MLG sbst. štik 'muď, MHG sbst. sluk id. 
Related to *slikanan. Zupitza Gutt. 199; 
Trautmann BS]V 27 '0; Pokorný I 664; 
Vries ANEW 515; Vasmer-Trubachev 
III 671-672. 

*slíman sb.n.: ON šlím 'slime', OE šlím id. 
(mase. or neut.?), OFris slim id., MLG 
slim id. (mase, neut.), OHG slim id. 
(mase.). Related to Gk ^.einráv 'moist 
pláce, meadow', Lat limus 'mud, slime', 
Olr slim 'slime'. Cf. also *slikaz, *slikanan. 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 84; Torp-Falk 538; 
Holthausen AEEW 299; Walde- 
Hofmann I 804-805; Pokorný I 663; 
Vries ANEW 516; Frisk II 97-99; 
Onions 835; Kluge-Seebold 726. 

*slípanan str.vb.: OFris slipa 'to sharpen', 
MLG slipen 'to grind, to smooťhen' (str. 
and wk.), OHG slifan 'to smoothen, to 
wheť. Related to *slimiaz, *slipraz. 
Torp-Falk 539; Pokorný I 663. 

*slítanan str.vb.: ON slita 'to slit, to 
break', OE slítán 'to slit, to tear', OFris 
slita 'to wear ouť, OS slítán 'to spliť, 
OHG slizan 'to eut, to tear' . Of unknown 
origin. Johansson PBB XD7 316 (to Lat 
laedó 'to hurt, to wounď); Torp-Falk 538 
(to Lith skleidžiú, skléisti 'to spreaď); 
Holthausen AEEW 299; Jóhannesson 
IEW 845-850; Pokorný I 923-927; 
Vrtes ANEJV 516; Onions 835; Seebold 
430-431; Kluge-Seebold 726. 

*slípjaz adj.: Goth sleips (or sleideis) 'dan- 
gerous, fierce', ON slíbr 'fearful', OE slide 
'dire, hard, cruel', OS slithi 'cruel, 
wickeď. Related to *laipaz (Saussure 
Mémoire 75: to Gk á^itaívco 'to sin'; 
Grienberger Got. 192-193). Persson 
UUÁ 1891 48 (to Skt srédhati 'to fail, to 
err'); Karsten NB II 448; Torp-Falk 
539; Feist 437; Holthausen AEE1 V 300; 
Wissmann NP 75-77; Pokorný I 672; 
Vries ANEW 515; Lehmann GED 
314-315; Griepentrog KZ CIV 111; 
Heidermanns 509. 

*slíwan ~ *slíwaz sb.n./m.: ON slý 
'water-cotton', OE slíw 'a kind of fish, 
tench', MLG sli 'slimy water planť, 



sliwan 



352 



smakojanan 



OHG silo 'a kind of fish, tench'. Prob- 
ably connected with *sliman (Persson 
]Vurzelera>. 110). Torp-Falk 538; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 300; Vries ANEW 517- 
518 (to Gk Xiveúc; 'a kind of sea fish', 
Lith lýnas 'tench'); Kluge-Seebold 726. 

*sl5ďjanan wk.vb.: ON slaSa 'to trail', 
early Du slooien 'to tow, to carry'. Related 
to *sladan. Torp-Falk 535; Vries 
ANEW 518. 

*sl5djon sb.f.: ON pl. sl&dur 'gown tíiat 
trails along the grounď, MDu slooye 'train 
(of dress)'. Related to *sl6djanan. Vries 
ANE1V 518. 

*sludrójanan wk.vb.: ON slodra 'to trail 
oneself along', Du slodderen 'to sway, 
to rock back and forth', MHG slotem 
'to shake'. An expressive derivative of 
*slodjanan. Torp-Falk 542; Pokorný I 
963; Vries ANEW 517. 

*slukan ~ *slukón sb.n./m.: ON slok 
'water gutter', OE sloca 'bit, morsel', 
MLG sloke 'throať. Derived from 
*slúkanan. Torp-Falk 540; Holthausen 
AEEW 300; Pokorný I 964; Vries 
ANEW bil. 

*slumaz adj.: Norw dial. slum 'slack, 
flabby'. Related to Goth slawan 'to be 
silenť? Grienberger Got. 192 (Goth 
slawan to Gk \x\ym 'to stay, to abate', 
Lat langueo 'to be fainť); Torp-Falk 
540; Pokorný I 962-963; Lehmann GED 
314. 

*slumaz ~ *slumon sb.m.: ODan slum 
'slumber', OE sluma id. Substantivized 
*slumaz. Holthausen AEE]\ t 300; 
Pokorný I 962; Vries ANEW 517. 

*slum5janan wk.vb.: Norw dial. sluma 'to 
weaken', MLG slomen 'to sleep', latě 
MHG slumen id. Derived from *slumaz. 
Torp-Falk 540; Pokorný I 962. 

*slumpaz sb.m.: Norw slutnp 'accident, 
chance', MLG slump id. Related to *slam- 
pojanan. Torp-Falk 537. 

*slunďaz sb.m.: ON adv. slund-samliga 
'flabbily', OS slund 'gullet, throať, OHG 
slunt id. Derived from *slendanan. 
Lehmann GED 125. 

*sluppaz sb.m.: ON sloppr 'a kind of 



gown', OE slop 'loose upper garmenť, 
ME sloppe id. Derived from *sleupanan ~ 
*slúpanan. Torp-Falk 542; Holthausen 
AEEW 300; Marttnet Gém. 192; Vries 
ANEW 517; Seebold 436. 

*slutan sb.n.: ON vind-slot 'abatemenť, 
MLG slot 'door-bolt, lock', OHG slož 
'lock, bolť. Derived from *sleutanan ~ 
*slútanan. Pokorný I 963; Onions 836; 
Seebold 436. 

*slutójanan wk.vb.: ON slota 'to hang 
down, to droop', G dial. schlossen 'to be- 
come slack'. Connected with *sludrqjanaii? 
Pokorný I 963; Vries ANEW 517. 

*slÚ3"w5 ~ *slúxw5 sb.f: Norw slo 
'fleshy kernel in a horn or a hoof, ME 
slúghe 'stripped hide', MLG slú 'shell, 
hulí'. Glose to Slav *lyza 'pole, keel, ski' 
< *lug(h)iá. Torp-Falk 541; Pokorný I 
964 (to Lidi šliaužti 'to crawl'); Vasmer- 
Trubachev II 540. 

*slúkanan str.vb.: Norw sluka 'to swal- 
low', MLG sluken id., MHG schluchen 'to 
intertwine'. Related to Gk Xú^co 'to swal- 
low', Olr sluccim id. Torp-Falk 540; 
Torp-Falk 540; Pokorný I 964; Frisk II 
142; Seebold 435. 

*slúrón ~ *slúraz sb.m.: Norw dial. slúre 
'idler', MHG slur id. Cf. *sludrqjanan, 
*slutojanan. Torp-Falk 540. 

*smait(j)az adj.: ON smeittr 'enamelleď, 
OE smete 'pure, refineď. Derived from 
*smltanan. Holthausen AEE]V 301; 
Vries ANEW 519. 

*smaitójanan wk.vb.: Norw smeita 'to 
strike', MHG smeizen 'to throw, to defe- 
cate'. Derived from *smait(j)az. Vries 
ANEW 519 (to *smexiz). 

*smak(k)5n ~ *smak(k)az sb.m.: Goth 
smakka 'fig', OE smiecc 'taste', OFris smaka 
id., MLG smak id., OHG smac id. Related 
to Lith smagus 'merry, cheerful' (Zupitza 
Gutt. 165-166). Torp-Falk 526 (to Lith 
smaguriaí 'tidbits'); Holthausen AEE]\ j 
300-301; Pokorný I 967; Fraenkel 838; 
Illich-Svitych EIRJa 71—73 (on Slav 
*smoky 'fig'); Onions 837; ICluge-Seebold 
731. 

*smak5janan wk.vb.: Swed smaka 'to 



smakojanan 



353 



smerwan 



taste', OFris smakia id. Derived from 
*smak(k)ón~ *smak(k)az. Torp-Falk 526. 

*smakojanan ~ *smakk5janan 
wk.vb.: Swed smacka 'to smack', OE sma- 
cian id., MLG smacken id. Related to Lith 
smagiii, smogti 'to flog, to fling, to hurl', 
Slav *smagati id. (Zupitza Gutt. 165). 
Torp-Falk 526; Trautmann BSW 270; 
Fraenkel 848. 

*smalaz adj.: Goth smals 'smalT, ON smalr 
id., OE směl id., OFris směl 'slim, thin', 
OS smál id., OHG sinal id. Probably 
related to Gk |iíj^.ov 'small cattle', Lat 
malus 'baď, Slav *malrb 'small' (Solmsen 
R'Z XXXVII 17). See *mělan III. 
Karsten NB II 266-267; Berneker II 
13; Solmsen KZ XXXVII 18; Torp-Falk 
528; Holthausen AEEW 301; Walde- 
Hofmann II 19-20; Feist 439; Pokorný 
I 724; Vries ANEW 519; Frisk II 226- 
227; Onions 837; Vasmer-Trubachev II 
564; Lehmann GED 315; Bammesber- 
ger Nom. 249; Heidermanns 517-518; 
Kluge-Seebold 730. 

*smalxjaz adj.: MHG smelhe 'small, litde'. 
Related to Lett smalks 'litde, small', šmolce 
'new shoot on the tree' and, with a 
different vocalism, to Lith smulkús 'litde, 
small'. Further connected with *smalaz. 
Torp-Falk 528; Fraenkel 839-840, 
849-850. 

*smalxjó sb.f.: Norw směle, smylve 'Aira 
flexuosa', MHG smelha id. Substantivized 
*smalxjaz. Torp-Falk 528. 

*smalon ~ *smalan sb.m./n.: ON smáli 
'small catde', MHG smal-noz id. Con- 
nected with *smalaz. Vries ANE>V 519; 
Lehmann GED 316. 

*smaltan ~ *smultan sb.n.: Norw smolt 
'melted fať, OE smolt 'larď, MLG smalt, 
smolt 'fať, OHG smalz 'melted fat, larď. 
Derived from *smeltanan. Cf. also *maltan. 
Torp-Falk 529; Holthausen AEEJT 
303; Seebold 439; Lehmann GED 144. 

*smau3az adj.: OE sméah 'subde'. Derived 
from *smeu3anan ~ *smú^anan. Formally 
identical with Latv smaugs 'slender'. Torp- 
Falk 531-532; Holthausen AEEW 301; 
Pokorný I 745; Heidermanns 518—519. 



*smau3Janan wk.vb.: ON smeygja 'to 
make slip', OE smeá^an 'to consider, 
to meditate', MHG sich smougen 'to 
cling'. Derived from *smeu^anan ~ 
*smú3anan. Torp-Falk 531—532; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 301; Vries ANEW 520; 
Seebold 440. 

*smeltanan str.vb.: OSwed smtclta 'to 
melt', WFris smelte id., OS smeltan id., 
OHG smelzan id. A variant of *meltanan. 
Torp-Falk 528-529; Pokorný I 716- 
719; Seebold 438-439; Lehmann GED 
144; Kluge-Seebold 731. 

*smeltaz sb.m.: Dan smelt 'kind of fish, 
Osmerus eperlanus', OE smelt 'smelť, Du 
smelt 'Ammodytes tobianus'. Derived 
from *smeltanan. Holthausen AEE]V 
301; Vries ANEW 5 19-520. 

*sme rójanan wk.vb.: OE smerian 'to 
laugh, to scorn', OHG smieron 'to smile'. 
Connected with Toch AB smi- 'to smile', 
Skt smáyate 'to smile, to blush', smera- 
'smiling', Latv smite 'to laugh', Slav 
*smějati se, id. Pedersen IF V 41; 
Trautmann ASIT 270— 271; Schwentner 
KZ LXIII 262-263; Schwyzer IF XLV 
265; Holthausen AEEW 302; Mayr- 
hofer III 548; Pokorný I 967-968; 
Onions 838; Vasmer-Trubachev III 688; 
Adams TB 721; Burlak IFTJa 262. 

*smertanan str.vb.: OE smeortan 'to 
smart', MDu smerten 'to be painful', OHG 
smerzan 'to wound, to cause pain'. Prob- 
ably related to Lith smirdžiu, smirdeti 'to 
stink', Slav *smbrděti id. Persson Ger. 68 
(to Lat mordeo 'to bite'); Osthoff Etym. 
94-95 (samé as Persson); Torp-Falk 
527; Trautmann BSW 271; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 302; Pokorný I 735- 
737; Fraenkel 847-848; Onions 838; 
Seebold 439; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
685; Kluge-Seebold 731-732. 

*smerwan ~ *smerwón sb.n./m.: ON 
smjqr 'grease, butter', OE stneoru 'fat, 
grease', OFris směre 'pus', OS smero 'fat, 
butter', OHG směr, smero id. Related to 
Toch B smare 'oil', Olr smiur, smiř 'mar- 
row'. Tucker Notes 35 (to Lith smársas 
'fať); Feist 438; Torp-Falk 527; 



smerwan 



354 



smijiaz 



Holthausen AEEW 302; Walde- 
Pokorny II 690 (to Gk anáto 'to rub, to 
anoinť); Pokorný I 971 (to Gk a|iúpi<; 
'emery-powder'); Vries AMEW 520; 
Vendryes S-142; Zalizniak I 146; 
Onions 838; Lehmann GED 315; 
Heidermanns 520; Rluge-Seebold 731; 
Adams TB 668. 

*smerwislan sb.n.: ON smyrsl 'ointmenť, 
OE smírels id. (mase). Derived from 
*smerwjanan. Marstrander MTS I 244— 
245 (to Lat medulla 'marrow' < *(s)meusla)\ 
Holthausen AEEW 302; Vries AMEW 
521. 

*smerwjanan wk.vb.: ON smyrva, smyrja 
'to anoinť, OE smirwan 'to smear', MLG 
smeren id., OHG smirwen id. Derived from 
*smerwan ~ *smerwon. Torp-Falk 527; 
Holthausen AEEW 302; Pokorný I 956; 
Vries AMEW 521; Onions 838; Kluge- 
Seebold 732. 

*smeu3anan ~ *smÚ3anan str.vb.: ON 
smjúga 'to creep (through a hole), to 
pierce', OE smú^an 'to creep, to crawF, 
MHG smiugen id. Related to Lith smunkú, 
smúkti 'to glide off ', Slav *smykati 'to whisk, 
to crawF (Fick K£ XX 366). Zupitza 
Gutt. 138—139 (to Lat muero 'sharp point, 
edge'); Torp-Falk 531—532; Trautmann 
BSW 271; Holthausen AEEW 303; 
Jóhannesson IEW 660-662; Pokorný I 
744-745; Fraenkel 849; Vries AMEW 
520; Onions 839; Stang LS 51; Seebold 
439-440; Vasmer-Trubachev III 694- 
695; Rluge-Seebold 732. 

*smeukanan str.vb.: OE smeócan 'to 
smoke', Du smieken 'to burn, to smoke'. 
Related to Lith smáugiu, smáugti 'to stran- 
gle', Slav *smuga 'black spot, stripe'? Cf. 
further, with a different velar, Gk a|rí>x(o 
'to burn in a slow fire' and Slav *smaga 
'fire, fláme'. Zupitza Gutt. 166; Torp- 
Falk 531; Holthausen AEEW 301 
Kluge 662-663; Pokorný I 971 
Fraenkel 841; Frisk II 752; Onions 839 
Seebold 440—441; Vasmer-Trubachev 
III 682-683, 693. 

*smezilaz ~ *smezilon sb.m.: ON 
smyrill 'merlin, a kind of hawk', MHG 



smirle id. Related to Lat merula id. and 
Celt *mesalka or *misalka > W mwyalch 
(see *mnslori). Torp-Falk 527; Vries 
AMEW 521 (to MHG smerle 'loach', Gk 
a|iapí<; 'small sea-fish, Smaris vulgaris'). 

*směxaz adj.: ON smár 'little, small', OS 
sma-wort 'contemptuous worď, OHG 
smáh 'small'. Any connection witír *smalaz 
or *smikrazl Curtius Gr. Et. 693 (to Gk 
aiiiKpóq 'little, shorť); Persson UUA 1891 
10—11 (to Gk naKe8vó<; 'tall, taper', Lat 
macer 'soft, tender'); Hirt Ablaut 37; 
Karsten MB II 251-252; Torp-Falk 
526; Pokorný I 966; Vries AMEW 519; 
Heidermanns 519; Kluge-Seebold 729. 

*směx5janan wk.vb.: ON for-smá 'to 
despise', OFris for-smaia 'to spurn', OHG 
bi-smahon 'to show contempť. Derived 
from *směxaz. Torp-Falk 526; Vries 
AMEW 519; Heidermanns 519. 

*smikraz adj.: OE smicer 'fine, fair, beau- 
tiful', OHG smeckar 'delicate, fine'. De- 
spite the irregular *-k-, somehow related 
to Gk o|ilKpó<;, |ilKpóq 'littie, small'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 199; Torp-Falk 530; 
Holthausen AEE]V 302; Pokorný I 
966—967 (to Lith šmižti 'to remain small'); 
Frisk II 236-237; Heidermanns 521. 

*smittjanan ~ *smittójanan wk.vb.: 
Norw dial. smita 'to smear in a thin layer', 
OE smittian 'to smear', MLG smitten 'to 
make chrty', MHG bi-smizzen 'to smear'. 
Related to *smttanan. Torp-Falk 530. 

*smiba-hal3Íz sb.m.: ON smiš-belgr 'bel- 
lows', OE smid-bel^ id. Compound of 
*smipaz and *baljiz. Carr Mom. comp. 
82 (parallel formations). 

*smibaz sb.m.: ON smidr 'smith, erafts- 
man' (also u- and 2-stems), OE smid 
'smith', OFris smith id., OS smith id., 
OHG smid id. Cf. also Goth aiza-smipa 
'copper-smith' < *-smipon. Derivative in 
*-to- based on IE *smei- 'to spread, to 
smear', cf. Gk <j|iáco id., Gmc *smitanan. 
Semantically, this development is close to 
that of Slav *kaliti 'to temper (of metals)' 
derived from *kah> 'dirť. This shift 
implies an intermediate stage 'to dip 
the metal into water or liquid clay' 



smilmz 



355 



snai3waz 



(Trubachev ESSJa LX 124). Potebnia 
RFV IV 209 (to Slav *mědb 'copper'); 
Brugmann IF VI 93 (to Gk aní^.T| 'knife, 
chisel'); Torp-Falk 529; Holthausen 
AEEW 302; Feist 31-32; Pokorný I 966, 
968; Chemodanov SGGJa I 108; Vries 
ANEJť 520; Zalizniak II 203; Onions 
838; Lehmann GED 23 (to *maitanan)\ 
Kluge-Seebold 732. 

*smipjón sb.f.: ON smidja 'smithy', OE 
smidde id., OFris smithe id., MLG smede id., 
OHG smitta id. Derived from *smipaz. 
Torp-Falk 529; Holthausen AEE1\' 
302; Vries ANEW 520; Zalizniak I 156; 
Onions 838; Lehmann GED 23. 

*smipójanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-smipon 'to 
forge', OE smi&ian id., MLG smeden id., 
OHG smidon id. Derived from *smipaz. 
Torp-Falk 529; Holthausen AEElť 
302; Feist 201; Vries AME1V 520; 
Onions 838. 

*smítanan str.vb.: Goth ga-smeitan 'to 
smear', OE smítán id., OFris smlta id., 
MLG smiten id., OHG bi-smizan id. 
Related to Arm mic 'dirť, Slav *smědb 
'dark brown' (Sgheftelowitz BB XXLX 
30) and further to Gk a|iT|co 'to smear'. 
Pott EF I 253 (to Lat mitto 'to senď); 
Bartholomae J^dWfVl 354-355 (to Av 
ha-mista- 'thrown down'); Torp-Falk 
530; Feist 95-96; Holthausen AEE1\' 
302; Pokorný I 966; Ghantraine 
1027; Onions 838; Vasmer-Trubachev 
III 684; Seebold 437-438 (follows Pott); 
Lehmann GED 72—73; ICluge-Seebold 
731. 

*smíj5Jan sb.n.: ON smídi 'smith's work', 
MLG smide id., OHG gi-smídi 'metal'. 
Related to *smipaz. Torp-Falk 529; 
Vries AMW 520. 

*smib5 sb.f.: ON smíS 'craft, smitlťs 
work', OHG smida 'metal, piece of metal 
(to be worked on)'. Related to *smipaz. 
Torp-Falk 529; Vries AJ>iE1\' 520. 

*smu3Ď(n) sb.f.: ON smuga 'narrow cleft 
to creep through, hole', OE á-smo^u 
'snake's skin'. Derived from *smeu^anan ~ 
*smú3anan. Holthausen AEE]V 303; 
Vries ANEW 520. 



*smukkaz sb.m.: ON smokkr 'smock (with 
an opening in front)', OE smocc 'smock', 
MLG smuck 'shirť, OHG šmouho 'under- 
wear' (< *smukkori). Of unknown origin. 
Torp-Falk 532 (to *smeu^anan ~ *smilja- 
nan); Holthausen AEE] I" 303; Martinet 
Gém. 192; Pokorný I 745 (to IE *(s)meug- 
~ *(s)meuk- 'to glide'); Vries AjYEIV 520; 
Zalizniak II 179; Onions 839; Seebold 
440. 

*smuzl5janan wk.vb.: Norw dial. stnolla 
'to smile', MHG smolím id. Of imitative 
origin. Torp-Falk 531. 

*snahfoón sb.m.: OFris snabba 'mouth', 
MLG snabbe 'beak'. Close to Lith sna- 
pas id. Torp-Falk 520; Fraenkel 851- 
852. 

*snaičtin3az sb.m.: ON sneidingr 'zigzag 
path', OE snédins 'meal' (fem.). Derived 
from *snaiiiz. Holthausen AEEW 303; 
Vries ANEW 523. 

*snaidiz sb.f: ON sneid 'slice', OE snad 
'cut, slice, morsel, bit', OFris snědé 'slice'. 
Derived from *snipanan. Torp-Falk 
522; Holthausen AEEW 303; Vries 
ANEW 523; Seebold 443. 

*snaidjanan wk.vb.: ON sneida 'to cut into 
slices, to walk zigzag', OE smédan 'to slice', 
OHG sneiten id. Derived from *smpanan. 
Torp-Falk 522; Holthausen AEEW 303; 
Vries yfjVEir 523; Seebold 443. 

*snaÍ3wa-xwítaz adj.: ON sné-hvítr 
'snow-white', OE snáw-hwít id., OFris 
snie-wyt id., MLG sně-wit id., MHG sně- 
wlz id. Compound of *snai^waz and *xwi- 
taz. Carr Nom. comp. 60. 

*snaÍ3waz sb.m.: Goth snaiws 'snow' («- 
or 2-stem), ON směr, snjór (gen.sg. sndvar ~ 
snes) id., OE snáw id., OFris sně id., OS 
sněo id., OHG sněo id. Etymologically 
connected with Toch B šiňcatstse 'snowy', 
Prakrit sineha- < *sneha- id., Av snaěza- 'to 
snow', Gk acc. vícpa 'snow', Thrac (?) 
ví(3o- x l óva. Kai Kpř|vr|v (Hes.), Lat nix 
id., Ir snigid 'to rain, to snow', Lith sniegas 
'snow', Latv sniegs, Slav *sněgb id. (Kuhn 
K^ I 138). See *snlswanan. Schweizer 
KZ I 479 (to Skt sňati 'to bathe'); Hirt 
Urgerm. II 42 (on the suffixation); Zupltza 



snaywaz 



356 



snarpjanan 



Gutt. 100; Bartholomae 1626; Pedersen 
Kelt. Gr. I 85; Torp-Falk 522; Traut- 
mann BSW 272-273; Holthausen AEEW 
304; Walde-Hofmann II 169-170; Feist 
440; Detschew Thr. 331; Porzig Gliede- 
rung 141; Pokorný I 974; Chemodanov 
SSGJa I 56; Fraenkel 853; Vries ANEW 
527; Zalizniak II 189; Frisk II 298-299; 
Onions 841; Seebold 442, K% LXXX 
122-123; Vasmer-Trubachev III 697; 
Lehmann GED 316; Bammesberger Nom. 
52; Rluge-Seebold 735; Adams TB 
629-630. 

*snaÍ3w6janan wk.vb.: ON snjóva 'to 
snow', ME snówen id., MDu sneeuwen, 
snouwen, sniwen id. Derived from *snai^- 
waz. Vries ANEW 525. 

*snaisjanan wk.vb.: ON sneisa 'to "špit" a 
sausage, to coil a sausage up', OE snésan 
'to špit, to run through with a pointed 
weapon', MHG snášen 'to thread, to line 
up'. Derived from *snaiso. Holthausen 
AEEW 304; Vries ANEW 523. 

*snaisó sb.f.: ON sneis 'skewer', OE snes, 
snás 'špit, skewer', OFris snes 'twenty 
pieces', MLG snese 'branch, measure of 
7—20 fishes', MHG sneise 'row, string on 
which items are put in a line'. Prob- 
ably derived from *snipanan. Torp-Falk 
522-523; Holthausen AEE1V 304; 
Pokorný I 974; Vries ANEW 523. 

*snakanan str.vb.: OHG snahhan 'to 
crawl'. Related to Olr snaighim id. 
Zupitza Gutt. 1 66; Torp-Falk 5 1 8; 
Walde-Pokorny II 697-692; Pokorný I 
974; Onions 840; Seebold 441-442. 

*snakkj5(n) sb.f.: ON snekkja 'a kind of 
swift-sailing ship', OE snacc 'swift-sailing 
vessel', OHG snagga 'ship with a prow'. 
Derived from *sne-\ Skt sňati 'to bathe', 
Gk veto 'to swim', Lat no id., Olr snáim 
id. Brugmann IF XX 221-223; Torp- 
Falk 519 (to Norw dial. snaga 'to 
stick ouť); Holthausen AEE]V 303; 
Walde-Hofmann II 172; Pokorný I 
971-972; Vries ANEW 523; Frisk II 
310-311. 

*snakón ~ *sněkaz sb.m.: ON snákr 
'snake', OE snaca id., MLG snake id. (fem.). 



Derived from *snakanan. Zupitza Gutt. 
166; Torp-Falk 518; Holthausen AEE] V 
303; Vries AMW 522; Onions 840; 
Lerchner 196; Seebold 441; Levigkij IF 
Cín 220; Kluge-Seebold 734. 

*snallaz sb.m.: MHG sňal 'swift move- 
menť. Related to *snella? (and confirm- 
ing this reconstruction of the latter). 
Heidermanns 525. 

*snalljanan wk.vb.: ON snellask 'to strap 
forcefully', MDu snellen 'to move fasť, 
MHG snellen 'to click, to snap'. Derived 
from *snallaz. Heidermanns 525. 

*snappěnan ~ *snappójanan wk.vb.: 
ON snapa 'to snuffle', Du snappen 'to 
snatch', MHG snappen id. Of unknown 
origin. Gf. probably *snabbon. Torp- 
Falk 520; Vries ANEW 522; Kluge- 
Seebold 734. 

*snarxan sb.n.: Norw dial. snar 'intertwin- 
ing, knot', MLG snar 'string'. Substan- 
tivized *snarxaz. Torp-Falk 521. 

*snarxaz adj.: ON snarr 'hard-twisted (of 
a ropě), swift, keen', OE snear 'nimble, 
strong', MDu snare 'nimble, skillful'. 
Derived from *snerxanan. FvArsten NB I 
49-50; Torp-Falk 521; Vries ANEW 
523 (to *snarxSn); Heidermanns 522. 

*snarxón sb.f: ON snara 'snare', OE 
snearu 'noose, snare', MLG snare 'string', 
OHG snaraha id. Related to Gk vápicri 
'numbness, deadness'. Derived from 
*snerxanan. Torp-Falk 521; Jóhannes- 
son IEW 917-919; Pokorný I 977-978; 
Vries ANEW 522; Zalizniak I 156; 
Onions 840; Seebold 444. 

*snarpaz adj.: ON snarpr 'rough to the 
touch, sharp'. Related to Arm snerb 'nar- 
row' (Schroder IF XVII 461). Derived 
from *snerpanan. Fick I 575 (to Gk 
vopPá- kcx/W|, Hes., vopPei- Évxa|jetTai, 
Hes., Arm snerb 'narrow'); Zupitza Gutt. 
28; Torp-Falk 521; Pokorný I 976; 
Vries ANEW 524; Lehmann GED 46. 

*snarpjanan wk.vb.: Goth at-snarpjan 'to 
grasp, to touch', ON snerpa 'to wheť. 
Derived from *snarpaz or from *snerpanan. 
Feist 61; Vries ANE]\ t 524; Lehmann 
GED 46. 



snaton 



357 



sneumjanan 



*snaton sb.f./m.: ON sňata 'spear', OHG 
snazo 'pilte'. Probably related to Slav 
*snaditi 'to fix together', *snastb 'instru- 
ment, tool, weapons'. Vries AME] V 523 
(to ON snót 'gentlewoman'); Vasmer- 
Trubaohev III 696-697. 

*snatrojanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. snatra 'to 
sniff, to crinkle', MLG snateren 'to chat- 
ter'. Of imitative origin. Cf. *snawwójanan 
~ *snuwwojanan. Torp-Falk 519. 

*snaubaz ~ *snaubjaz adj.: ON snauir 
'poor, stripped, berefť, MLG snode 'con- 
temptible, worthless', MHG snmde 'con- 
temptible, servile'. Derived from *sneu- 
fpanan. Zupitza BB XXV 95 (to Skt 
ksnáuti 'to wheť); Karsten MB II 
395-397; Torp-Falk 524-525; Keuge 
648-649; Pokorný I 585; Vries ANEW 
523; Seebold 445 (reconstructs *snaudaz)\ 
Heidermanns 523. 

*sn(a)ubjanan wk.vb.: ON sneyda 'to 
bereave', OE be-snybian 'to deprive'. 
Derived from *sneupanan. Torp-Falk 
524; Holthausen AEE1V 305; Seebold 
445. 

*snawwaz adj.: ON sneggr 'short, 
smooth, sudden, brief', MLG snouw, 
snaw 'rapid, shrewd, skillful'. Derived 
from *snew(w)anan. Karsten MB II 
399-401; Torp-Falk 524; Vries ANEW 
527; Lindeman Verschdrfung 146—147; 
Heidermanns 524; Dybo BSA 27 (with 
oxytonic shortening). 

*snaww5janan ~ *snuwwojanan 
wk.vb.: Norw dial. snugga 'to sniff, to 
scenť, MHG snouwen 'to sniff, to wheeze'. 
Derived from *snawwaz. Torp-Falk 
524. 

*sne3Ílaz sb.m.: ON snigill 'snail', OE 
sne^el id., OS snegil id., OHG snegil id. 
Derived from *sne33ón. Torp-Falk 519; 
Holthausen AEEW 304; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 74; Vrtes ANEW 524; Zalizniak 
I 135; Onions 839-840; Kluge-Seebold 
735. 

*sne33Čn sb.m.: MLG snigge 'snail', OHG 
sneggo id. Related to Lith sndké id. con- 
nected with IE *sna- 'to flow, to swim'. 
For the suffix cf, probably, the Greek 



present vrixífl < *snagho. Pokorný I 
971-972; Fraenkel 851 (Lith < G dial. 
schnak 'snail'); Vries ANEW 524; Kluge- 
Seebold 735. 

*snellaz adj.: ON snjallr 'swift, good, 
excellent, vallianť, OE snell 'quick, active, 
strong', OFris snell 'quick, fasť, OS snell 
'valiant, pugnacious, sprighť, OHG snel 
'brave, deft, lively'. Of unknown origin. 
Karsten MB II 371; Holthausen AEEW 
304; Vries ANEW 525; Ritter Anglia 
XXXIII 471 (reconstructs *sniilaz, to 
*snipanan); Bammesberger Mom. 248 (fol- 
lows Ritter); Heidermanns 524-525 
(reconstructs *snellaz); Kluge-Seebold 
736. 

*snellín sb.f: ON snilli 'prowess, skill, elo- 
quence', OHG snetti 'agility, courage'. 
Derived from *snellaz. Vries ANEW 
524-525; Heidermanns 525. 

*snerxanan str.vb.: OHG in-snerahan 'to 
binď. An isolated archaism, cf. *snarxon. 
Of unknown origin. Torp-Falk 521; 
Pokorný I 976-977; Onions 840; 
Seebold 444. 

*snerkanan str.vb.: Icel part. snorkinn 
'wrinkleď, OE pret. sg. ^e-snerc 'to 
shrink'. Cf. *snerpanan. Zupitza Gutt. 
166 (to Lith snarglys 'mucus'); Torp-Falk 
520; Holthausen AEEW 304; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW 917-919; Pokorný I 
975-977; Vries ANEW 524; Seebold 
444-445. 

*snerpanan str.vb.: Norw snerpa 'to 
shrink', OHG sneifan id. Of unknown 
origin. Torp-Falk 521; Feist 61; 
Jóhannesson IEW 917-919; Pokorný I 
975-977; Vries ANEW 523; Seebold 
445. 

*sneumaz adj.: ON snimma 'early', OE 
adv. sneóme 'swiftly, rapidly', OS sniumi 
'rapid, fasť, OHG sniumi id. Derived 
from *snew(w)anan (Kluge Mom. Stamm. 
93). Torp-Falk 524; Holthausen 
AEEW 304; Vries ANEW 523-524; 
Schubert Erw. 72; Seebold 446; 
Lehmann GED 317; Heidermanns 525— 
526; Kluge-Seebold 727. 

*sneumjanan wk.vb.: Goth sniumjan 'to 



sneumjanan 



358 



snopojanan 



hurry', MLG ge-sniumen id., OHG sniumen 
'to expedite'. Derived from *sneumaz. 
Torp-Falk 524; Feist 440; Lehmann 
GED 317; Heidermanns 526. 

*sneupanan str.vb.: ON part. snodinn 
'bald', latě MHG be-schnotten 'to cut, to 
trim'. Of unknown origin. Cf. *snipanan? 
Torp-Falk 524; Holthausen AEEJ\ t 
305; Vries AMEW 525; Pokorný I 585; 
Seebold 445. 

*snew(w)anan str.vb.: Goth sniwan 'to 
come upon, to hasten', OE sneówan 'to 
proceed, to hasten'. Cf. also ON str. snúa 
'to winď < *snowanan. Related to 
Slav *snovq, *snuti 'to warp'. Persson 
Bátrdge 818-819; Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 
309; Sohwyzer Festschr. Kretschmer 
244-251; Torp-Falk 523; Feist 441; 
Holthausen AEEW 304, AWM 270; 
Pokorný I 973, 977; Vries AMEW 
526; Stang LS 51-52; Seebold 446- 
447; Bammesberger KZ XC 358-261; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 699; Lindeman 
Versch áifung 15.13; Lehmann GED 317; 
Kluge-Seebold 727. 

*sničtan sb.n.: ON sniS 'slice', OE se-snid 
'killing, slaughter'. Derived from *sni- 
panan. Holthausen AEEW 304; Vrtes 
AMEW 524; Seebold 443; Bammesberger 
Mom. 56. 

*snidilaz sb.m.: ON snidill 'pruning knife', 
MHG snittel 'little cuť. Derived from 
*sniian. Vries AMEW 524; Seebold 
444. 

*snipilaz sb.m.: ON snepiíl 'snip, nap', 
eyra-snepill 'earlobe', MLG sneppel 'mouth- 
ful, corner, enď. Derived from *snlpanan. 
Torp-Falk 523; Vries AMEW 524. 

*snÍ3"wanan str.vb.: ON snýr 'it snows', 
OE sniwan 'to snow', OHG sniwit 'it 
snows'. See *snaÍ3waz. Close to Av snaeza- 
id., Gk veúpei id., Ir snigid 'to rain', Lith 
snigti 'to snow', snéigéti id. Bartholomae 
1626; Torp-Falk 522; Trautmann 
BSW 273-274; Jóhannesson IEW 913; 
Pokorný I 974; Fraenkel 853; Vrtes 
AMEW 527; Frisk II 298-299; Onions 
841; Seebold 442-443; Lehmann GED 
316; Fvluge-Seebold 736. 



*snikanan str.vb.: OE snícan 'to crawl'. 
Cf. also Norw dial. sníkja 'to cadge, to 
live on others'. Identical with Latv srňgt 
'to hand, to pass, to reach'. Torp-Falk 
522; Holthausen AEEW 304; Pokorný I 
974; Vries AJVEW 524. 

*snipanan str.vb.: Norw dial. snipa 'to 
snap'. Probably connected with Skt sna- 
yati 'to wrap arounď, Gk vr|0co 'to spin', 
Lat neo id. < *sněi-. Torp-Falk 523 (to 
Gk ckvÍjitco 'to pinch, to nip'); Pokorný 
I 973. 

*snipón sb.f: ON mýri-snípa 'moor-snipe', 
ME snípe 'snipe', OS sneppa id., OHG 
snepfa id. Derived from *snlpanan. Torp- 
Falk 523; Vrtes AMEW 525; Kluge- 
Seebold 736. 

*snibanan str.vb.: Goth sneipan 'to har- 
vest, to reap', ON sníoa 'to cut, to slice', 
OE snídán 'to cut, to make an incision', 
OFris snltha 'to cuť, OS sniban id., OHG 
snidan id. No external cognates. Lewy 
KZ XX 561 (to Slav *snětb 'block, log'); 
Torp-Falk 522; Stokes KZ XXXVIII 
47 1 (to Olr snéid 'small, shorť); Lewy KZ 
XL 561 (to Slav *snětb 'log, branch'); 
Holthausen AEEW 304; Feist 440; 
Jóhannesson IEW 913-914; Pokorný I 
974; Vries AME]V 524; Seebold 443- 
444 (to Olr snadat 'to cut off with a 
different vocalism); Lehmann GED 316— 
317; Kxuge-Seebold 735-736. 

*sn5briz adj.: ON snmjr 'tight, narrow, 
tough', G dial. schnueper 'swift, lively'. A 
variant of *nobriz. Karsten JVB II 448; 
Torp-Falk 292, 569; Pokorný I 973- 
974; Heidermanns 526—527. 

*snódó sb.f.: OSwed snob 'string, corď, 
OE snód 'snood, fillet, head-dress'. 
Related to Olr gloss snáthe 'filum', Latv 
snate 'linen cover'. Torp-Falk 523; 
Pokorný I 973. 

*snókaz sb.m.: Norw dial. snok 'muzzle, 
snouť, MLG snok 'pike'. Of imitative ori- 
gin? Cf. *snabbon. Vries AMEW 522, 
525 (to *snakon ~ *sněkaz). 

*sn6p5janan wk.vb.: Norw snópa 'to 
snatch', EFris snopen 'to regále oneself 
with', Du snoepen id. Connected wiuh 



snopojanan 



359 



snuzo(n) 



*snappenan ~ *snappojanan. Torp-Falk 
520; Vries ANEW 525. 

*snorjón sb.f.: Goth snorjo 'net, basket', 
ON neut. sním 'twisted ropě', OE snér 
'string (of a musical instrument)'. Derived 
from *snaro. Holthausen AEE\V 305; 
Feist 441; Vries ANEW 528; Lehmann 
GED 317; Kluge-Seebold 738. 

*sn5ró sb.f.: Norw snor 'cord, string', 
MLG snor id., OHG snuor id. An ablaut 
innovation related to Toch B snor 'sinew', 
Av snavan id., Gk veípov id., Lat neruus 
id. < *neuro-, Arm neard id. (Johansson 
PBB XIV 379). Wood IF XVIII 24-25 
(to *(s)ner- 'to turn'); Persson Beitráge 
820-822 (samé as Wood); Bartholomae 
1629; Torp-Falk 523; Walde-Hofmann 
II 165; Benveniste Origines 21, 111; 
Pokorný I 976; Frisk II 308-309; Bur- 
lak IFTJa 259. 

*snubb5janan wk.vb.: ON snubba 'to 
snub, to chide', E snub. Cf. *snuppojanan, 
*snuppon. Martinet Gem. 1 70, 1 74; 
Vries ANEW 526. 

*snukk5janan wk.vb.: Norw snukka 'to 
sniff, to snorť, MLG snucken 'to sob'. Cf. 
*snupjanan. Torp-Falk 524. 

*snupp5janan wk.vb.: Norw dial. snuppa 
'to cut off', LG snuppen 'to clean', G dial. 
schnupfen id. Related to *snuppSiií Vries 
ANEW 526 (to *snuppón). 

*snuppón sb.f.: ON snopa, snoppa 'muzzle, 
snouť, MLG snoppe 'snuff', MHG snupfe 
id. Of imitative origin. Cf. *snattb~n. 
Vries ANEW 525 (to ON sneypa 'to out- 
rage, to dishonor'). 

*snutraz adj.: Goth snutrs 'wise, clever', 
ON snotr id., OE snotor 'prudent, wise', 
OHG snottar 'clever, intelligenť. Derived 
from *snew(w)anan. Meyer KZ V 368 
(to Gk voíx; 'mind'); Karsten MB II 253; 
Grienberger Got. 195; Hirt Ablaut 120 
(to Lat sentió 'to perceive'); Schade v4TK II 
940—941 (to *snutjanan, cf. Lat sapiěns 
'wise' ~ sapió 'to taste'); Uhlenbeck 
Altind. ]Vb. 333 (to Skt sandra- 'viscid, 
compact, strong'); Torp-Falk 524; 
Schwyzer Festschr. Kretschmer 244—251 
(samé as Meyer); Feist 441-442; Holt- 



hausen AEEW 305, 425; Vries ANEW 
526 (follows Schade); Lehmann GED 317; 
Bammesberger JVom. 247; Heidermanns 
527-528. 

*snutrin sb.f.: Gotír snutrei 'intelligence, 
wisdom', OE snytru 'prudence, wisdom'. 
Derived from *snutraz. Holthausen 
AEEW 305; Feist 441; Lehmann GED 
317-318; Heidermanns 528. 

*snuttan sb.n.: Norw snott 'snoť, OE snot 
id., OFris snotte 'snuff of a candle, snoť, 
MLG snotte 'catarrh', OHG snuz id. 
(mase). Of expressive origin. Torp- 
Falk 525; Holthausen AEEW 304; 
Onions 841; Kluge-Seebold 737. 

*snubarojanan wk.vb.: ON snudra 'to 
snuff, to scenť, MLG snoderen 'to blow 
one's nose', MHG snuderen 'to sniff, to 
snorť. Derived from *snupjanan. Torp- 
Falk 525; Vrtes ANEW 526. 

*snubjanan wk.vb.: ON snySja 'to sniff, to 
sniffle', OE snydian 'to go as a dog with 
its nose to the ground (?)'. Of imitative 
origin. Cf. *snuttan. Torp-Falk 525; 
Holthausen AEEW 305; Vries ANEW 
526; Lehmann GED 317. 

*snuzo(n) sb.f: Crim. Goth schuos 'daugh- 
ter-in-law' (leg. *schnos), ON snqr, snor id., 
OE snoru id., OFris snore id., MLG snore 
id., OHG snura id., snur id. (z-stem). 
Togeuher wiuh Skt snusá id. and Slav 
*srrbxa id. represents a morphological 
modificaťion of *snusos id.: Arm nu, Gk 
vuÓq id., Lat nurus id. (Aufrecht K^ I 
119). Tomaschek Taurien 63 (Crim. 
Goth form *swds from *sue-)\ Meillet 
MSL XIII 121; Pedersen IFV 34; Kxuge 
ZdWf VII 169-170; Torp-Falk 526; 
Holthausen An Z . Z DADL XXIV 33 (con- 
jecture for Crim. Gothic), AEEW 305; 
Meillet MSL XIII 211; Walde-Hofmann 
II 190; Feist 414; Mohr ZDADL LXXVI 
185 (ON < WGmc); Mayrhofer III 535; 
Pokorný I 978; Trubachev Rod. 131-133 
(on G Schnur 'daughter-in-law' ~ 'string, 
cord'); Vries ANE]V 528; Zalizniak II 
197; Frisk II 328; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
700; Lehmann GED 298-299; Kluge- 
Seebold 738-739. 



snubon 



360 



soJ)an 



*snúbon sb.m.: Norw dial. snňve 'snuff', 
MLG snuj, snúve id. Derived from the 
poorly attested *snuianan 'to snore' > 
MHG snuben. Cf. *snupjanan. Torp- 
Falk 525. 

*snúdaz sb.m.: ON snúdr 'twist, twirl', OE 
snúd 'swiftness, quickness'. Derived from 
*snew(w)anan. Torp-Falk 523; Holt- 
hausen AEE]\* 305; Dybo VSJa 33; Vries 
AME1V 526; Lehmann GED 317. 

*snútaz ~ *snúto sb.m./f.: Norw snid 
'snouť, ME smíte id., MLG snút id. 
Related to *snuttan. Torp-Falk 525; 
Onions 841. 

*snútjanan wk.vb.: ON snýta 'to blow the 
nose', OE snýtan id., MLG snuten id., 
OHG snúzen id. Derived from *snútaz ~ 
*snutó. Torp-Falk 525; Holthausen 
AEEW 305; Vries AMEW 527 (to Mír 
snuad 'flow'); Onions 841; Heidermanns 
528; Kluge-Seebold 737-738. 

*sokiz adj.: Goth un-and-soks 'indisputable, 
irrefutable', OESc soker 'guilty, punish- 
able'. Derived from *s6kjanan. FCarsten 
MB II 454; Lindovist AMF XXV 283; 
Feist 517; Matzel Festschr. Schrdder 105, 
KZ CV 120; Heidermanns 528. 

*sokjanan wk.vb.: Goth sokjan 'to seek, to 
quesť, ON scekja 'to seek, to advance, to 
catch', OE sécan 'to seek', OFris seka id., 
OS sokian id., OHG suohhen id. Related to 
Hitt sak- 'to know', Gk f]yéonai 'to leaď, 
Lat sagio 'to perceive', Olr saigim 'to seek 
ouť. Factitive of *sakanan. Zupitza Gutt. 
216; Torp-Falk 423; Mezger KZ LXII 
259-260 (rejects the Greek forms); Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 306; Walde-Hofmann II 
464-465; Feist 442; Pokorný I 877-878; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 103; Vries AMEW 
577; Frisk I 621-622; Onions 806; 
Seebold 384; Justus Perspectives 296—299 
(on Hittite); Gamkrelidze-Ivanov 805 



(on the rituál connotations of 



*sag-. 



Lehmann GED 318; Klajge-Seebold 807; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 
*sokniz sb.f: Goth sokns 'controversy, con- 
troversial question', ON sókn 'attack, 
prosecution', OE sócn 'seeking, search'. 
Cf. OHG suohm 'examination, interroga- 



tion'. Derived from *sokjanan. Zupitza 
Gutt. 19; Holthausen AEEW 306; Feist 
442; Vries AMEW 529; Onions 843; 
Seebold 384; Lehmann GED 293; 
Bammesberger Mom. 148. 

*sómiz adj.: ON scemr 'becoming, fit', OS 
sdmi 'suitable', MHG sůetne 'pleasant, 
charming'. Related to Olr sám 'quiet, 
peaceful, pleasant' (Moller PBB VII 509). 
Karsten MB 1113; Torp-Falk 434; Feist 
409; Holthausen AEEW 306-307; Vries 
AMEWbll; Vendryes S-20; Darms Vrddhi 
167-176; Lehmann GED 295; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 257; Heidermanns 529. 

*s5mjanan wk.vb.: ON scema 'to honor', 
OE síman 'to bring to an agreement, to 
settle', MHG siiemen 'to decorate'. De- 
rived from *somiz. Torp-Falk 434; 
Holthausen AEEW 306; Vries AMEW 
577; Heidermanns 529. 

*s5m5(n) sb.m./f: ON sómi 'honor', OE 
sám 'agreement, concorď. Substantivized 
*somiz. Holthausen AEE]V 307; Leh- 
mann GED 295. 

*son5 sb.f: ON sán 'atonement, sacrifice', 
MLG sone, swone 'atonement', OHG suona 
'reconciliation, atonement'. Related to 
Lat sánus 'healthy', fem. sána. Torp- 
Falk 556; Walde-Hofmann II 476 
("unsicher"); Pokorný I 880. 

*sotan sb.n.: ON sát 'sooť, OE sát id., 
MLG sot id. Derived from *setjanan. 
Similar formations with »-grade are also 
attested in Olr suide 'sooť < *sódia and 
in Balto-Slavic: Lith pl. súodžiai 'sooť, 
Slav *sadja id. (Hirt IF XXXII 311). Cf. 
further Slav *saďb 'garden' < *sodo-. 
Torp-Falk 428; Trautmann BS1V 273; 
Holthausen AEE] I '307; Pokorný I 886; 
Fraenkel 942; Vries AMEW 531; 
Zalizniak I 143; Onions 846; Stang LS 
56; Vasmer-Trubachev III 544; Darms 
Vrddhi 296-298; Lehmann GED 306; 
Bammesberger Mom. 63. 

*sój5an sb.n.: Goth sop 'satiation, satis- 
faction'. Close to Lith sótis id. Further 
related to *sadaz. Torp-Falk 42 1 ; 
Pokorný I 876-877 (postverbal to *sop- 
janan); Fraenkel 857. 



sopjanan 



361 



spaii3o(n) 



*sobjanan wk.vb 
isfy, to satiate', 



Goth ga-sopjan 'to sat- 
OE sedan 'to satisfy'. 
sopan. Torp-Falk 421; 



Derived from * 
Pokorný I 876. 

*sowelan ~ *soweló sb.n./f.: Goth sauil 
'sun', ON sól id. Related to Skt súvar- id., 
Av hvard id., Gk Hom ř|éAio<; id., Lat sol 
id., W haul id., OCorn heuul id., Bret lieol 
id. (< *sauel-), Lith sáulé id., Latv saúle id., 
Slav *st>lnbce id. (Curtius KZ I 31). 
Petersson SVSL I 4 (relation to *sunnan); 
Bartholomae 1847—1848; Pedersen Kelt. 
Gr. I 62, 282; Persson Beitrage 578-579; 
Torp-Faek 441; Solmsen KZ XXXVIII 
454; Trautmann BSW 251; Walde- 
Hofmann II 553-554; Feist 412; 
Mayrhofer III 566-567; Pokorný I 
881; Fraenkel 765-766; Vries ANEW 
529; Zalizniak II 194; Frisk I 631- 
632; Vasmer-Trubachev III 710-711; 
Lehmann GED 297; Bammesberger Nom. 
206. 

*spadaz sb.n.: ON spai 'meat stew', OE 
sped 'phlegm, riieum'. Probably from 
*spa-tó- related to Gk onam 'to pulT, 
aJtáxcx; 'skin'. Holthausen AEEW 309; 
Waede-Hofmann II 568-569; Pokorný I 
982; Vries ANEW 531. 

*spadón sb.m.: Icel spadi 'spade', OE 
spadá id., OFris spadá id., OS spado id., 
early G spade id. Etymologically close to 
Hitt išpatar 'špit, skewer', Gk oJtáOri 
'blade, paddle' (Kammenhuber MIO III 
354-355). Torp-Falk 507; Holt- 
hausen AEE1\ T 307; Pokorný I 980; 
Frisk II 755; Onions 849; Kluge- 
Seebold 775. 

*spaikón sb.f.: Swed dial. spaik 'spoke', 
OE spáca id. (mase), OFris *spake id., 
OS špeha id., OHG speihha id. Related 
to *spikaz ~ *spíkó. Zupitza Gutt. 
167; Holthausen AEEW 307; Vries 
ANEW 535; Onions 856; Kluge-Seebold 
776. 

*spaiskulčtran ~ *spaiskal<trón 
sb.n./f.: Goth spaiskuldr 'spittle', OS 
spekaldra id., OHG speihhaltra id. Inlaut -s- 
lost in WGmc as a result of deetymolo- 
gization. Vocalism is not clear. An old 



compound of dubious origin. Probably, 
the first element is *spaiwa-, to *spiwanan, 
while the second part is derived from 
*skuldr(j)o. No reliable etymology. 
Grienberger Got. 195-196 (reconstructs 
*spaiskojanan as a source); Sgheftelowitz 
Zflnd VI 96 (to Skt piechá 'scum'); 
Schulze ASMSL CXL 179 (reconstructs 
*spaiskaldró); Torp-Falk 514; Feist 
442-443; Kluge JVom. Stamm. 51 
(explains -s- in Gothic as a seribal error); 
Ebbinghaus Beitr. Geseh. LXXXI 116-117 
(the second component to *sk(w)ulqjanan)\ 
Lehmann GED 318; Kluge-Seebold 776 
(derived from *spaiw-l-o(n) > *spaikld(n) > 
OHG speihhila 'spittle'). 

*spalčtanan str.vb.: MLG spalden 'to spliť, 
OHG spaltan id. Related to Skt spha.ta.ti 
'to bursť. Further cf. *speldan, *speldo. 
Zupitza Gutt. 47; Torp-Falk 511; 
Endzelen KZ Lil 120 (to Latv spiltavas 
'chaff'); Mayrhofer III 540 (against 
comparison with Skt); Pokorný I 
985-986; Vries ANEW 536; Seebold 
448-449; Kluge-Seebold 773. 

*spaluz sb.m.: ON spqlr 'rail, bar, lattice- 
work', ME spále id., MHG spále 'stair'. 
Connected with *spaldanan. Torp-Falk 
511; Pokorný I 985-986; Vries ANEW 
540. 

*spananan str.vb.: OSwed spaná 'to lure, 
to entice', OE spanan id., OFris pres. 
spona 'to induce, to lead, to tempť, OS 
spanan 'to drive on, to lure', OHG spanan 
'to lure, to entice'. Continues *spd-no 
further related to Gk c7táco 'to pulT. 
Persson SVSU X 386-421; Torp-Falk 
507; Holthausen AEE]V 308; Pokorný 
I 982; Vries ANEW 532; Frisk II 
759—761; Seebold 449-450; Kluge- 
Seebold 9. 

*span3Janan wk.vb.: ON spengja 'to span- 
gle', MDu spengen 'to keep wiuhin limits', 
MHG spengen 'to fix with a clasp'. 
Derived from *span^d(n). Vrtes ANEW 
533. 

*span3o(n) sb.f: ON spqng 'spangle' (root 
stem and z-stem), OE span^ 'clasp, fasten- 
ing', MLG spange id., OHG spanga 'cross- 



spari3o(n) 



362 



sparkon 



piece, bar'. Somehow connected with 
*spananan. Zupitza Gutt. 210; Torp- 
Falk 508; Holthausen AEEW 308; 
Pokorný I 982; Vries ANEW 540 (to Gk 
a<pr|KÓeo 'to bind tightly' < *'to be like a 
wasp'); Zalizniak II 210; Onions 849; 
Kluge-Seebold 774 (to *spannanan). 



^spanii^o 



^spanunsó sb.f.: ON 



spaning 'temptation', OHG spanunga 'en- 
couragemenť. Derived from *spananan. 
Vries ANEW 532. 

*spanjanan wk.vb.: ON spenja 'to attracť, 
OE spennan 'to allure', OHG spennen 'to 
lure, to entice'. Derived from *spananan. 
Torp-Falk 507; Holthausen AEEW 
309; Jóhannesson IE)V 889; Pokorný I 
982; Vries ANEW 533-534; Seebold 
449. 

*span(j)5(n) sb.m./f.: ON spěni 'nipple, 
teať, OE spanu id., MHG spěn id. (< 
*spamz). Related to Lith spěny s id., OPrus 
spenis id., Olr sine 'teať < *spenio- 
(Persson Beitrdge 411). Torp-Falk 508; 
Trautmann BS]\ t 275; Holthausen 
AEE1\ T 308; Porzig Gliederung 163; 
Pokorný I 990; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
61; Fraenkel 865; Vries ANEW 533; 
Fvluge-Seebold 774. 

*spannan sb.n.: ON spann 'paiT, spqnn id. 
(fem.), OE 3e-spann 'joining, fastening 
together', OFris twi-spon 'clasp', OHG gi- 
span 'clasp, chain'. Derived from *span- 
nanan. Persson Beitrdge 413, 588 (< 
*spanian, to Slav *spqdb 'pail'); Torp- 
Falk 507; Holthausen AEEW 308; 
Trubaohev KSIS XXV 103 (against the 
comparison with Slav *spqdb); Seebold 
450. 

*spannanan str.vb.: OE spannan 'to join, 
to attach, to spán', OS part. ur-spannane 
'to slacken, to unbenď, MLG spannen 'to 
spán', OHG spannan id. Related to *spa- 
nanan. Torp-Falk 507; Holthausen 
AEEW 308; Pokorný I 982; Abaev AION 
TV 31—32 (to Osset "fsons ~ icfsoj 'yoke' < 
*span-ti-); Seebold 450; FLluge- Seebold 
774. 

*spannislan ~ *spannislaz sb.n./m.: 
ON spenzl, spennsl 'clasp', OE spennels 



'clasp'. Derived from *spannjanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 309; Vries ANEW 
534. 

*spannjanan wk.vb.: ON spenna 'to spán', 
MLG spennen 'to stretch', MHG spennen 
id. Gausative of *spannanan. Torp-Falk 
507; Vries ANEW 534. 

*spannó sb.f: ON spqnn 'spán', OE spann 
id., OFris sponne id., MLG spanne id., 
OHG spanna 'spán, cubiť. Derived from 
*spannanan. Torp-Falk 507; Holt- 
hausen AEE)V 308; Jóhannesson IEW 
889-890; Pokorný I 982 (to Lat sponda 
'frame (of a bedstead)', Slav *spqdb 
'bushel'); Vries ANEW 532, 540; 
Zalizniak II 194; Onions 849; Seebold 
450; Fíluge- Seebold 774. 

*spara-likaz adj.: ON adv. spar-liga 'spar- 
ingly', OHG spara-líhho 'poor'. Derived 
from *sparaz. Heidermanns 531-532. 

*sparaz adj.: ON sparr 'sparing', OE sper 
'spáre, frugal', MDu spaer 'dirifty', OHG 
spař id. Identical with Skt sphirá- 'fať, Slav 
*sporb 'plentiful'. FsArsten NB I 50; 
Meillet Etudes 404; Torp-Falk 510; 
Lindovist AJVF XXV 244-245; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 308, AWN 273; Lewy IF 
XXXII 159; Mayrhofer III 541 
Pokorný I 983; Vries ANEW 532 
Onions 850; Vasmer-Trubachev III 738 
Heidermanns 531-532 (derived from 
*sparenan). 

*sparěnan wk.vb.: ON spára 'to spáre', 
OE sparian id., OFris sparia 'to receive, to 
protéct', OS sparón 'to spáre', OHG spařen 
id. Derived from *sparaz. Torp-Falk 
510; Holthausen AEEW 308; Vries 
ANE]V 532; Onions 850; Heidermanns 
531-532; Iíluge-Seebold 774. 

*spark5n sb.m.: OE spearca 'spark', 
MLG sparke id. Related to Skt sphurjati 'to 
break forth', Av sparsya- 'sprouť, Gk 
a(papayÉO|.iai 'to burst with a noise, to 
crackle', Lith spragu, sprageti 'to crack'. 
Bartholomae 1613; Torp-Falk 515 
(to Latv spirkts 'hot coals under the 
ashes'); Holthausen AEE]V 308; Walde- 
Hofmann II 566-567; Pokorný I 997; 
Frisk II 828; Onions 850. 



sparrjanan 



363 



spelpan 



*sparrjanan wk.vb.: ON spěna 'to raise 
the spars in the house', MDu sperren 'to 
bar, to block'. Derived from *sparron. 
Torp-Falk 510; Vries ANEW 534. 

*sparrón sb.m.: ON spáni 'spař, gag', ME 
sparre 'beam', OS sparro id., OHG sparro 
id. Related to *speru. Fick I 149 (to 
*spurnanari); Torp-Falk 510; Pokorný I 
990; Vries ANEW 532-533; Kluge- 
Seebold 774. 

*sparwa-xafoukaz sb.m.: ON spqrr-haukr 
'sparro w-hawk', OE spear-hafoc id. Com- 
pound of *sparwaz ~ *sparwon and 
*xaíukaz. Carr Nom. comp. 55. 



^sparwaz 



^sparwón sb.m.: Goth 



sparwa 'sparrow', ON spon id., OE spear- 
wa id., OHG spáro, spař id. Related to 
other IE names of birds with minor mor- 
phonological discrepancies: Toch A spař 
'a kind of birď, Gk GJtapácnov típveov 
éjwpepÉi; oxpou9ój (Hes.), from *ajtappi- 
TJov (Schmidt KZ II 318: adds OPrus 
spurglis 'sparrow'; Hoffmann BB XXI 
140), W frau 'crow', Bret fráo id. < 
*sprawo-. Forstemann K^ III 51; 
Diefenbaoh V\ V II 295 (to Lith spama 
'gadfly'); Meyer Goth. (to Gk aipovQóq 
'sparrow'); Brugmann IF XIII 160 (to 
*spurnanari); Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 81; 
Torp-Falk 510; Holthausen AEEW 
308-309; Feist 443; Pokorný I 991 (to 
Gk G7tépYOiAoi; 'a kind of birď); Vries 
AMEW 540; Zalizniak II 179; Onions 
850; Lehmann GED 318-319; Rluge- 
Seebold 777; Adams TB 666. 
*spexo ~ *spaxo sb.f: ON spí 'proph- 
esy', OHG špeha 'looking ouť. See *spexo- 
janan ~ *spaxojanan. Torp-Falk 506. 



* 



spexojanan 



^spaxójanan wk.vb.: 



ON spá 'to prophesy, to foretell', MLG 
speen 'to peer', OHG spehón to explore, to 
inquire'. Related to Toch AB pak- 'to 
intend, to wanť, Av spasyeiti 'to see', Gk 
OKÉJiTOnai id. < *a7t£KJonai, Lat specio id. 
Bartholomae 1614; Torp-Falk 506; 
Walde-Hofmann II 570-571; Pokorný I 
984; Vries ANEW 531; Frisk II 725-726; 
Heidermanns 534—535; Rluge-Seebold 
773; Adams TB 368-369. 



*spelctan sb.n.: ON spjald 'square tablet', 
OE speld 'splinter, torch'. Related to 
*spaldanan. Torp-Falk 511; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 309; Pokorný I 985-987; 
Vries ANEW 536; Seebold 448; Leh- 
mann GED 320; Fvluge-Seebold 773. 

*spelď6 sb.f: Goth spilda 'tablet', ON flag- 
spilda 'slice, cuť. See *spelian. Torp- 
Falk 511; Feist 445; Pokorný I 
985-987; Seebold 448; Lehmann GED 
320; Fvluge-Seebold 773. 

*spelko sb.f: ON pl. spelkur 'splinť, OE 
spelc, spilc id. Cf also Du spalk 'skewer'. 
Probably related to Lith spilgstú, spilgti 'to 
lose planť, pa-spilg(s 'with weak stalks (of 
corn)'. Zupitza Gutt. 167; Torp-Falk 
511; Holthausen AEE]V 309; Pokorný I 
536; Fraenkel 870, Vries AMEW 536. 

*spellan sb.n.: Goth spill 'mydr, tale', ON 
spjati 'saying', OE spell 'story, narrative', 
OS spěl id., OHG spěl id. Related to Arm 
ara-spel Table', Alb jjale 'word, speech, 
tale' < *speli-. Froehde BB XLX 241- 
243 (to Lat ap-pello 'to speak, to address'); 
Wood Aí^ r XXVI 167 (to Gk yeXXÓc, 
'faltering in speech'); Torp-Falk 511; 
Holthausen AEEW 309; Feist 445; 
Pokorný I 985; Vries ANEW 536; 
Zalizniak I 143; Onions 852; Meto 
Germ. Rek. 109 (from Celtic: Olr scél 
'report, accounť < *sk"etlom)\ Lehmann 
GED 320; Kluge-Seebold 94; Orel 
AED 98. 

*spell5janan wk.vb.: Goth spillon 'to pro- 
claim the gospel, to telí', ON spjalla 'to 
talk', OE spellian 'to talk, to announce', 
MLG spellen 'to talk', MHG spellen 'to telí, 
to talk'. Derived from *spellan. Torp- 
Falk 512; Holthausen AEE] I" 309; Feist 
445; Vries ANE]V 536; Onions 852; 
Lehmann GED 320. 

*spellón sb.m.: Goth spilla 'promulgator, 
teller', ON spjalli 'friend', OHG war-spello 
'fortune-teller, propheť. Derived from 
*spellan. Feist 445; Vries ANEW 536. 

*spelban ~ *spelbaz sb.n./m.: ON spjati 
'mischief, damage, flaw', OE spild 'de- 
struction, ruin'. Related to *spaldanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 310; Torp-Falk 



spelpan 



364 



spenuz 



511; Pokorný I 986; Vries AMEW 536; 
Heidermanns 535. 

*spelbjanan wk.vb.: ON spilla 'to spoil, to 
destroy', OE spildan 'to waste, to destroy', 
OS spildian 'to kilT, OHG spilden 'to 
waste'. Derived from *spel$an ~ *spelpaz. 
Torp-Falk 511; Holthausen AEEW 
310; Vries /UVEIT 535 (to *spelian ~ 
*speldo); Onions 853; Heidermanns 535. 

*spennanan str.vb.: Goth spinnan 'to 
spin', ON spinna id., OE spinnan id., OFris 
spinna id., MLG spinnen id., OHG spinnan 
id. Related to Toch A pánw-, B pánn- 'to 
stretch, to reach for' < *(s)pen-u-, Lith 
spéndžiu, sp(sti 'spannen' and further, per- 
haps, to Gk jiévojiai 'to work', Lith pinii, 
pinti 'to weave', Slav *pbnq, *peti 'to 
stretch' . Brugmann IF I 173 (from 
*spen-u-5); Pedersen K% XXXIX 414; 
Persson Beitráge I 411—413; Torp-Falk 
508; Lidén /FXLX 322-323; Trautmann 
BSW 219; Feist 445-446; Holthausen 
AEEW 310-31 1; Jóhannesson IEW 892 
Pokorný I 988; Fraenkel 865-866 
Vries AMEW 535; Frisk II 504-506 
Onions 853-854; Seebold 452-453 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 292; Lehmann 
GED 320 (reconstructs *(s)pen-d); Kluge- 
Seebold 780 (to Liur spréndžiu, spr(sti 'to 
stretch', Slav *presti 'to spin'); Adams 72? 
370. 

*spenniló(n) sb.f: OSwed spinnil 'spider', 
OE spinel 'spindle', OS spinnila id., OHG 
spinnila, spinnil id. Derived from *spen- 
nanan. Torp-Falk 508. 

*speru sb.n.: ON spjqr 'spear', OE spere id., 
OFris spere id., OS sper id., OHG sper 
id. Related to Lat sparus 'short spear'. 
Torp-Falk 510; Holthausen AEEW 
309; Walde-Hofmann II 568; Pokorný I 
990-991; Chemodanov SGGJa I 87; 
Vries AMEW 536; Zalizniak II 225; 
Onions 851; Fíluge-Seebold 775. 

*speutan sb.n.: ON spjat 'spear, laňce', 
OS evur-spiot 'spear for hunting wild 
boars', OHG spioz 'spear' (mase). 
Related to Gk aJteúSco 'to set going, to 
urge on', Lith spáudžiu, spáusti 'to press' 
(Uhlenbeck PBB XXXV 178: or from 



*spreutaz 'spear, pole' > OE spreót, MDu 
spriet). Torp-Falk 514; Pokorný I 998; 
Vries AMEW 536 (to *speru); Kluge- 
Seebold 779 (< *spreutari). 

*spědjaz adj.: Goth comp. spediza 'later', 
MLG spade 'latě', OHG spáti 'related to 
evening, latě'. Continues *spe-tí-, from IE 
*spe~(i)-\ Hitt išpai- 'to eat to satiety', Skt 
sphdyate 'to grow fat, to inerease', Lith 
spiju, spěti 'to get full, to be fast enough, 
to be able', Slav *spějq, *spěti 'to succeed, 
to become ripe'. The strong verb is re- 
presented in OE spówan 'to succeeď. 
Schulze KZ XXVII 426; Torp-Falk 
505-506, 514; Persson Beitráge 400-402; 
Trautmann Z&S7K 274— 275; Forrer apud 
Feist 444 (to Hitt išpant- 'night'); Feist 
444; Holthausen AEEW 312; Mayr- 
hofer III 541-542; Pokorný I 983-984; 
Fraenkel 866; Onions 852; Vries 
AJVEW 531; Vasmer-Trubachev III 734; 
Tisghler HEG I 408-409; Seebold 455; 
Lehmann GED 319; Puhvel II 429-431; 
Matzel KZ C 164-165, CV 132; 
Heidermanns 533-534; Kxuge-Seebold 
775, 785. 

*spěxa-líkaz adj.: ON ó-spá-ligr 'pro- 
phetic', OS spa-lik 'intelligent, wise'. De- 
rived from *spexaz. Heidermanns 534. 

*spěxaz adj.: ON spár 'prophetic', OS 
spdh 'intelligent, wise', OHG spáhi id. 
Derived from *spexojanan ~ *spaxqjanan. 
FvArsten MB II 385; Torp-Falk 506; 
Kluge 681-682; Wissmann NP 41, 110; 
Pokorný I 984; Vries ANEW 532; 
Matzel Festschr. Sckroder 103, KZ CV 
114; Darms Vrddhi 89; Heidermanns 
534-535. 

*spěxín sb.f: ON hug-sptei 'prophecy', 
OHG spáhi. 'wisdom' Derived from 
*spěxaz. Heidermanns 534. 

*spěnuz ~ *spónuz sb.m.: ON spánn 
'chip, shaving', spónn 'spoon', OE spon 
'chip', OFris spán, spán 'Hat golden breast 
ornament, splinter', MLG spán, spon 
'splinter', OHG spán id. Probably con- 
nected wiťh Skt sphyá- 'shoulder-blade', 
Gk aipr|v 'wedge' (Kuhn KZ rV 15). 
Solmsen Beitráge 129 (to *spe- 'to cuť); 



spenuz 



365 



spolon 



Torp-Falk 505; Holthausen AEE1\' 
311; Mayrhofer III 547; Pokorný I 
980; Vries ANEW 532; Zalizniak II 203; 
Frisk II 830-831; Onions 856; Kluge- 
Seebold 773. 

*spixaz sb.m.: Swed hack-spick 'wood- 
pecker', OHG špeh id. Probably related 
to Lat picus id., Skt piká- 'Indián cuckoo' 
(Fick I 148). Torp-Falk 513; Walde- 
Hofmann II 299-300; Mayrhofer I 268; 
Pokorný I 999; Kluge-Seebold 775. 

*spixtaz sb.m.: ON spettr, spďtr 'wood- 
pecker', MLG specht id., OHG spekl id. 
Derived from *spixaz. Zupitza Gutt. 
210; Torp-Falk 513; Vries ANEW 534; 
Kluge-Seebold 775. 

*spikan ~ *spikaz sb.n./m.: ON špik 
'blubber', OE špic 'bacon, larď, OFris 
spek id., OS spekk id., OHG spec id. 
Identical with Skt nom. sg. sphik, duál 
sphijau 'buttock, hip'. ZuprrzA Gutt. 167; 
Torp-Falk 512; Holthausen AEE]V 
310; Mayrhofer III 542-543; Pokorný 

I 983; Vries ANEW 534-535; Zalizniak 

II 225; Onions 851; Lehmann GED 319 
(to *spěi-, see *spědjaz); Kluge-Seebold 
775 (to Lat pinguis Tať). 

*spi(n)kon sb.m.: ON spiki 'a kind of bird, 
tiť, E spink id. Reminiscent of Gk aníyyot; 
'finch', ajií^a id. (Bugge BB III 108). 
However, the latter is in an obvious con- 
nection with Qitxtfň 'to twitter (of birds)' 
and may also be related to (jjuyvóv ■ 
HiKpóv. Pokorný I 982; Vries ANE]V 
535 (to *spikan ~ *spikaz)\ Frisk II 767. 

*spilan ~ *spílaz sb.n./m.: ON spil 
'tablet, narrow piece of wooď, MLG spile 
'thin pointed stick', MHG spil 'tip, point'. 
Related to Gk oitíXoq 'rock, cliff', Latv 
spile 'wooden nail'. Torp-Falk 512; 
Holthausen AEE\ V 310; Pokorný I 981; 
Vries AME]\ t 535; Frisk II 767-768. 

*spitan sb.n.: Norw špit 'iron pole', MLG 
špit 'spear', OHG spiz id. See *spitaz. 
Torp-Falk 513; Heidermanns 536. 

*spitaz sb.m.: Norw špit 'point, nail', 
MLG špit 'spiť, OHG spiz id. Unclear. 
Cf. *spikaz ~ *spiko. Torp-Falk 513; 
Holthausen AEE]\' 311 (OE špitu 'spiť 



< *spito); Pokorný I 981-982 (to Lat 
spica 'point, top', spina 'thorn'); Onions 
855; Lůhr-Matzel KZ XCIX 264; 
Heidermanns 536. 

*spiwón sb.f: ON spýja 'vomiť, OE spiwe 
id. (mase.), MLG spiě id., OHG spiwa id. 
Derived from *spiwanan. Holthausen 
AEEWiU; Vries ANEW 539. 

*spík5 ~ *spíkaz sb.m./f: ON spík 
'spike, sprig', OE spíc 'pointed piece of 
lanď. Similar to but phonetically differ- 
ent from Lat spicus 'pin'. Holthausen 
AEEW 310; Pokorný I 981; Vries 
ANEW 535 (to Lith speigliai 'prickles'); 
Kluge-Seebold 776. 

*spíron ~ *spíran sb.f./n.: ON spíra 
'spař', OE spír 'spire', MLG spir 'tip, 
point', latě MHG spir 'stalk, stem'. 
Related to Skt sphyá- 'splinter'. Cf. in par- 
ticular Osset "fsir ~ lefsere 'ear of corn' 
(Abaev I 483). Torp-Falk 512; Holt- 
hausen AEEh r 311; Pokorný I 981; 
Vries ANEW 535-536; Onions 854; 
Kluge-Seebold 779. 

*spíwanan str.vb.: Goťh speíwan 'to spiť, 
ON spýja 'to spew, to špit up' (also wk.), 
OE spíwan id., OFris spia id., OS pret. pl. 
spiwun id., OHG spiwan id. Related to Lat 
spuó 'to spiť, Lith spiáunu, spiáuti id. and 
their irregular cognates (Gk jitÚco id. and 
the like). Torp-Falk 513-514; Persson 
Beitrage 270; Trautmann BSW 276; 
Walde KZ XXXIV 479; Holthausen 
AEEW 311; Walde-Hofmann II 580- 
581; Feist 444-445; Jóhannesson IEW 
904-905; Pokorný I 999; Vries AKEW 
539; Fraenkel 866-867; Frisk II 
617-618; Onions 852; Seebold 450- 
452; Lehmann GED 319-320; Kluge- 
Seebold 776. 

*splintaz sb.m.: Norw splint 'wooden nail, 
wedge', MLG splinte 'splinť. Derived 
from *splitanan. Torp-Falk 518. 

*splítanan str.vb.: OFris splita 'to spliť, 
MLG spliten id., MHG splizen id. Prob- 
ably related to Olr shss 'splinter'. Torp- 
Falk 518; Pokorný I 1000; Onions 855; 
Seebold 454-455; Kluge-Seebold 781. 

*spólon sb.f: Icel spála 'shuttle', MLG 



spolon 



366 



spreutanan 



spole id., OHG spuola id. Related to 
*spaluz. Torp-Falk 511. 

*spractl5janan wk.vb.: Norw dial. sprala 
'to wriggle', OHG spratalon id. Of imita- 
tive origin. See *spratlojan. Torp-Falk 
516; Vries ANEW 537 (to *spurdz). 

*spraidjanan wk.vb.: OSwed sprěda 'to 
spreaď, OE sprédan id., MLG spředen id., 
OHG spreiten id. Causative of *spňdanan. 
Torp-Falk 517; Holthausen AEE1\' 
312; Vries ANEW 538; Rluge-Seebold 
783. 

*spran3Janan wk.vb.: ON sprengja 'to 
make bursť, OE spren^an 'to scatter, to 
sprinkle', OFris sprendza 'to sprinkle', 
MLG sprengen id., OHG sprengen 'to 
drip, to pour'. Causative of *spren^anan. 
Torp-Falk 516; Holthausen AEEW 
312; Vries ANEW 538; Seebold 457; 
Fvluge-Seebold 783. 

*sprantjanan wk.vb.: ON spretta 'to make 
spring up, to rip up', ME sprenten 'to 
send, to hurl', OHG sprenzen 'to support'. 
Causative of *sprentanan. Vrtes ANEW 
538. 

*spratl5janan wk.vb.: Norw dial. spratla 
'to flounder, to fidgeť, OS spartalon id., 
OHG sprazzalon id. Of imitative origin. 
Torp-Falk 516. 

*sprekanan str.vb.: OE sprecan 'to speak', 
OFris spreka id., OS sprekan, OHG 
sprehhan id. Related to W ffraeth 'funny, 
odď (Fick I 149, 337) and further to Skt 
sphurjati 'to thunder, to rumble', Gk 
atpapayéouoa id., Lith spragú, sprageti 'to 
splatter, to bicker'. Bezzenberger BB 
XVII 214; Persson ]Vurzelerw. 17, Beitrdge 
417-418; Zupitza Gutt. 28, 166; Torp- 
Falk 515; Holthausen AEE1\ t 313; 
Mayrhofer III 545-546; Pokorný I 
996-998; Chemodanov SGGJa I 100; 
Vries ANEW 537 (on ON spraka 'to 
crackle' < *sprakdjanan); Frisk II 828; 
Onions 851; Seebold 455-457; Kluge- 
Seebold 782. 

*sprekalan sb.n.: Norw dial. sprekla 'spot 
on the skin' (fem.), MHG spreckel id. 
Derived from *sprekan ~ *sprakan. Torp- 
Falk 515 (to Slav *pr(ga 'buckle'). 



*sprekan ~ *sprakan sb.n.: ON sprek 
'stick', OE spmc 'shooť. Related to Gk 
áojiápayoi; 'asparagus', Lith spurgas 'knot 
on a tree'. Zupitza Gutt. 166; Torp- 
Falk 515; Trautmann BSW Til; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 312; Pokorný I 997; 
Fraenkel 885-886; Vries ANEW 538; 
Frisk I 175. 

*spren3anan str.vb.: ON springa 'to burst, 
to spliť, OE sprin^an 'to spring', OFris 
springa id., OS pret. sg. sprang id., OHG 
springan 'to jump up'. Identical with Lith 
sprengiú, spreňgti 'to push in', Slav *pr^gti 
'to spin, to stretch'. Torp-Falk 516; 
Holthausen AEEW 313; Jóhannesson 
IEW 899-900; Pokorný I 992, 998; 
Vries ANEW 538; Fraenkel 879-880; 
Onions 857-858; Stang LS 43; Seebold 
457-458 (to Gk onípxta 'to set in rapid 
motion, to haste'); Vasmer-Trubachev 
III 393; Kluge-Seebold 783. 

*spren3az sb.m.: ON aj-spiingr 'progeny, 
offspring', OE spring 'source of water, 
springing, rising', OFris spedel-spring 'flow 
of spittle', OS aha-spring 'source', OHG 
ur-spring id. Derived from *spren^anan. 
Seebold 457. 

*sprentanan str.vb.: ON spretta 'to spurt 
out, to start, to spring', OE ^e-sprant 'to 
articulate, to pronounce', MHG sprinzen 
'to break forth, to shine'. Related to 
Slav *pr^dati 'to spring, to throw' 
(Schmidt Voc. II 231). On the other 
hand, cf. *spren^anan. Torp-Falk 516— 
517; Trautmann K~ L 66, BSW 278; 
Persson Beitrdge 873; Holthausen AEE]f 
313; Jóhannesson IEW 900-901; 
Pokorný I 995-996; Vries ANE]V 538 
(to *sparrón); Seebold 458-459. 

*spreutanan ~ *sprútanan str.vb.: OE 
á-spreótan 'to sprouť, sprútan id., OFris 
spruta id., OS pres. ut-sprútan 'to pop ouť, 
OHG spriuzen. Related to Lidi sprustu, 
sprusti 'to slip out, to flee', spráudžiu, 
spráusti 'to press, to squeeze'. Persson 
Wurzelerw. 17; Torp-Falk 517-518; 
Holthausen AEEW 314; Pokorný I 
886, 993-995; Fraenkel 878-879, 883- 
884; Onions 858; Seebold 459-460; 



spreutanan 



367 



spurojanan 



Lehmann GED 320-321; Rluge-Seebold 
783. 

*sprěkjaz adj.: ON sprAr 'sprouting, 
sprighdy', OE ^e-sprdce 'eloquent, afFable', 
OHG wáh-spráhhi id. Derived from *spre- 
kanan. Torp-Falk 516; Holthausen 
AEEW 312; Vries AMEW 539. 

*sprídanan str.vb.: OHG spritan 'to 
extenď. Related to Olr srédim 'to drrow'. 
Torp-Faek 517; Holthausen AEE~W 
312; Pokorný I 994; Onions 857; 
Heidermanns 137; Kluge-Seebold 783. 

*sprun3Čn ~ *sprun3az sb.m./f.: ON 
sprunga 'crack in the skin, scratch', MLG 
sprunk 'jump, bounď, OHG sprung id. 
Derived from *spren^anan. Holthausen 
AEEW 314; Vries AMEW 539. 

*sprutón sb.m.: ON sproti 'sprout, twig', 
OE šprota 'sprouť, MLG sprote id., OHG 
sprozzo id. Derived from *spreutanan ~ 
*sprútanan. Torp-Falk 518; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 313; Pokorný I 994 (to W 
Jjřwst 'haste', Lith spriáusti 'to squeeze in'); 
Vries AMEW 538; Zalizniak I 154; 
Onions 857; Seebold 459; Kluge- 
Seebold 784. 

*spura-xundaz sb.m.: ON spor-hundr 
'bloodhounď, OS spuri-hunt id., OHG 
spuri-hunt id. Compound of *spuran and 
*xuniaz. Carr Mom. comp. 84 (parallel 
formations). 

*spuran sb.n.: ON spor 'track', OE spor 
id., MLG spor id., OHG spor id. Related 
to (or derived from?) *spurnanan. Torp- 
Falk 509; Holthausen AEEW 312; 
Pokorný I 993; Vries AMEW 537; 
Zalizniak I 143; Seebold 454; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 58; Kluge-Seebold 784. 

*spurďaz sb.m.: ON spordr 'fish tail', 
MHG sporte id. Related to Lith spiirú, 
spurti 'to be fringy', spúrdu, spurdeti 
'to flounder, to fidget, to struggle', 
Latv spurstu, spurt 'to rove'. Torp-Falk 
509; Pokorný I 995; Dybo VSJa 33; 
Fraenkel 885-886; Vries AMEW 537 (to 
*sparrorí). 

*spurďz sb.f./m.: Goth spaurds 'race-track, 
stadium course', OE spyrd 'race-track, 
course', OHG spurt 'stadium course' (i- 



stem). Identical with Skt spfdh- 'battie', 
Av spmd- 'zeal' derived from *sperdh-: Skt 
spárdhate 'to rival, to contenď. Grimm 
DG II 57 (to Skt sphuráti 'to bound, to 
spurn, to dart'); Grienberger Got. 196; 
Bartholomae 1623; Torp-Falk 514- 
515; Holthausen AEEW 314; Feist 
443-444; Mayrhofer III 537; Pokorný 
I 995-996; Lehmann GED 319; 
Bammesberger Mom. 197; Ordípentrog 
Wurzdnomina 366—378. 

*spurjanan wk.vb.: ON spyrja 'to track, to 
ask', OE spyrian 'to track, to inquire', 
OFris spera 'to ask', OHG gi-spurren 'to 
trace, to finď. Derived from *spuran. 
Torp-Falk 509; Holthausen AEEW 
314; Vries AMEW 539; Onions 852; 
Fvluge-Seebold 784. 

*spurnanan str.vb.: OE spornan 'to strike 
with the fooť, OFris spurna id. (may be 
wk.), OS pres. bi-spurnan 'to trample', 
OHG fir-spuman 'to push, to move'. 
Related to Lat sperno 'to scorn' and fur- 
ther to Skt sphuráti 'to bound, to spurt, to 
darť, Gk áojraípto 'to pant, to struggle', 
Lith spiriú, spirti 'to defy, to affronť. 
Probably based on an originál present in 
*-n-B. Torp-Falk 509; Reichelt K£ 
XXXLX 56; Persson Beitrage 167, 417; 
Holthausen AEEW 312; Walde- 
Hofmann II 572-573; Jóhannesson IEW 
894-895; Mayrhofer III 544; Pokorný 
I 992-993; Fraenkel 873-874; Vries 
AMEW 534; Frisk I 166-167; Onions 
858; Seebold 453-454; Fvluge-Seebold 
782. 

*spurnjanan wk.vb.: ON spyrna 'to 
spurn', OE spyrnan 'to step, to trample', 
OHG spurnen 'to trample'. Derived from 
*spurnanan. Torp-Falk 509-510; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 314; Vries AMEW 534, 
539. 

*spurnójanan wk.vb.: ON sporná 'to 
spurn, to kick', OHG spornou 'to spurn'. 
Derived from *spurnanan. Vrtes AMEW 
537. 

*spurójanan wk.vb.: ON spora 'to spurn, 
to kick', MDu spořen 'to follow a trace'. 
Derived from *spuran. Mayrhofer III 



spurojanan 



368 



stacti-lausaz 



544; Pokorný I 993; Fraenkel 873-874; 
VRiEs^A r £'ir537. 

*spurón sb.m.: ON spori 'spur', OE spora 
id., MLG spore id., OHG sporo id. Related 
to *spuran. Torp-Falk 509; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 312; Pokorný I 993; 
Vries AMEW 537; Zalizniak I 155; 
Onions 858; Kluge-Seebold 782. 

*sputtjanan wk.vb.: Norw spytta 'to spiť, 
spútten id., G dial. spůtzen id. Derived from 
*sputton ~ *sputtan. Torp-Falk 513; 
Holthausen AEEW 311; Vries AMEW 
539; Lehmann GED 320 (to *splwanan). 

*sputton ~ *sputtan sb.m./n.: ON 
spotti 'bit, small piece', EFris spot 'spoť, 
MDu spot id. Related to *splwanan. Goes 
back to part. *sp(i)utom, cf. Lat sputum. 
Torp-Falk 5 1 3-5 1 4; Walde-Hofmann 
II 4; Walde-Hofmann II 580-581; 
Pokorný I 999; Vries AMEW 537 (to 
*spútjanan); Onions 857. 

*spupban sb.n.: ON spott 'mock, scoff', 
OFris spot id., OS spott id. (mase), OHG 
spot id. (mase). Probably related to *sput- 
tón ~ *sputtan. Torp-Falk 514; Vries 
AMEW 537; Kluge-Seebold 782. 

*spubpójanan wk.vb.: ON spotta 'to 
mock', MLG spotten id., OHG spotton 
id. Derived from *spuppan 'mockery'. 
Torp-Falk 514; Vries AMEW 537. 

*spútjanan wk.vb.: ON spýta 'to spiť, 
ME spúten id., Du spuiten 'to spatter, to 
splash', MHG spútzen 'to spiť. A variant 
of *sputtjanan. Torp-Falk 513; Vries 
AMEW 539; Lehmann GED 320. 

*staharaz sb.m.: Swed dial. staver 'pole 
in the fence'. Derived from *stabiz ~ 
*stataz. Structurally identical with Lith 
stabaras 'dry branch', Slav *stobot~b 
'column-like pole'. Torp-Falk 483; 
Trautmann BSW 280; Pokorný I 1013; 
Fraenkel 890-891; Stang LS 54. 

*stabiz ~ *stabaz sb.m.: Goth stafs 'ele- 
ment, otoixeíov', ON stajř 'staff, post, 
stave, letter', OE stief 'staff, stick, charac- 
ter', OFris stef 'staff', OS staf id., OHG 
stah 'staff, cane, prop, roď. Close to Mír 
sab 'shafť < *stsbh3, Lith stabas 'posť. 
Further connected with Skt stabhnati 



'to fix, to support'. Kuhn K^ I 139; 
Krogmann IF LVIII 268-272; Torp- 
Falk 483; Lindouist SMF IX/1 13; 
Trautmann &STK280; Buga RFVLXXV 
147; Holthausen AEEJ V 314; Feist 446; 
Mayrhofer III 511; Pokorný I 1012- 
1013; Fraenkel 891; Vries AMEW 541; 
Zalizniak II 189; Onions 860-861; 
Stang LS 54; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
762-763; Gutenbrunner <ď% LXXXVI 
325-352 (to *stebnó ~ *stemno}\ Lehmann 
GED 321; Kxuge-Seebold 785. 

*stabnjon sb.f: ON stejná 'appointed 
meeting, dáte, term', OE stejh, stemn 'turn, 
time' (mase), MLG stevene 'arrival day'. 
Derived from *stabiz ~ *stabaz. Torp- 
Falk 483. 

*stabójanan wk.vb.: ON stafa 'to make 
staves, to put letters together', OE stafian 
'to direct, to dictate', OFris stama 'to 
make staves, to put letters together', 
MLG staven id., OHG stabon 'to give an 
oath at courť. Derived from *stabiz ~ 
*stabaz. Holthausen AEEW 316; Vrtes 
AMEW 540. 

*stačtaz adj.: ON stair 'restive (of a 
horše)'. Identical with Skt sthitá- 'stand- 
ing', Gk gtcxtÓi;, Lat status. See *staiiz. 
Karsten MB II 302; Torp-Falk 478; 
Walde-Hofmann II 596-598; Mayr- 
hofer III 526-527; Pokorný I 1006; 
Vries AMEW 540; Frisk I 739; Hetder- 
manns 540-541. 

*stadi-fastaz adj.: ON stad-fastr 'stead- 
fasť, OE stede-fiest id., Fris steed-fest, MLG 
stede-vast id. Compound of *staiiz and 
*fastaz. Carr Nom. comp. 61; Onions 
865-866. 

*stadÍ3az ~ *stadu3az adj.: ON stqdugr 
'steady, stable', MLG stedich id., OHG 
stetíg id. Derived from *stadaz or *staiiz. 
Vries AMEl\ r 559. 

*stadÍ3Ójanan ~ *stadu3ojanan 
wk.vb.: OSwed stapga 'to determine', 
MLG stadigen id., G be-stdtigen 'to con- 
firm'. Derived from *staii^az ~ *stadu^az. 
Vries AMEW 540. 

*stadi-lausaz adj.: ON stad-lauss 'timid, 
unsteady', OE stede-leás 'unsteady', MHG 



stadi-lausaz 



369 



stamaz 



stiete-los id. Compound of *staiiz and 
Hausaz. Carr Nom. comp. 61. 

*stadiz sb.m.: Goth staps 'pláce', ON stair 
'pláce, abode', OE slede 'pláce, position, 
statě', OFris sted 'pláce, town', OS stedi 
id., OHG stát Jem. 'pláce'. Related to 
*standanan. Together with Skt stkíti- 'loca- 
tion, rank', Gk atáaiq 'station', Lat statím 
'standing firmly' continues IE *sbtis. 
Sohweizer KZ I 150; Holthausen 
AEEW 318; Walde-Hofmann II 596- 
598; Feist 451; Mayrhofer III 526; 
Pokorný I 1004-1005; Vries ANEW 
540; Zalizniak II 177; Frisk I 739; 
Onions 865; Seebold 461; Lehmann 
GED 323-324; Bammesberger Nom. 135; 
Kluge-Seebold 785-786. 

*stadó sb.f.: ON stqb 'berth, harbor', 
OFris stathe 'pláce', MLG stade 'oppor- 
tunity, help', OHG stata 'possibility'. 
Derived from *standanan. Torp-Falk 
478; Vries ANEW 540; Onions 865; 
Seebold 461. 

*sta3an sb.n.: ON stag 'mast-rope', OE 
íř«3 'ropě supporting a mast', MLG stach 
'mast-rope'. Related to Skt stakati 'to 
resist, to strive again'. On the other hand, 
cf. Hitt ištagga(i)- 'bowstring'. Torp- 
Falk 480; Holthausen AEEl\ r 315; 
Mayrhofer III 509-510; Pokorný I 
1011; Vries ÁNEW 541-542; Onions 
865; Puhvel II 451. 

*sta3(j)on sb.m.: ON steggi 'male birď, 
OE stac^a 'stag'. Probably related to 
*sta^an. Pokorný I 1014 (to Gk axóxot; 
'pillar (of brick)'); Vries ANEW 545; 
Onions 861. 

*staxlan sb.n.: ON stál 'steel' (< WGmc?), 
MLG stal id., OHG stahal id. Cf. also OE 
stíle, OS stehli < *staxljan. Identical with 
Av staxra- 'strong, harď, further related 
to Skt stakati 'to resist, to strive again', 
Umbr stakaz 'statutus'. Zupitza Gutt. 
139; Bartholomae 1591; Torp-Falk 
480; Holthausen AEEW 321; Mayr- 
hofer III 509-510; Pokorný I 1011; 
Zalizniak II 218; Onions 866; Kluge- 
Seebold 786. 

*staxljanan wk.vb.: ON stcela 'to steel', 



OE stílan id., MLG stělen id., MHG 
stahelen id. Derived from *staxlan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 321; Vries ANEW 558. 

*staÍ3o sb.f: Goth staiga 'path, way', ON 
steig- (in pln.), OHG steiga 'steep roaď. 
Glose to Gk axovioc, 'row, line', oxí^oq 
id., Alb shteg 'path, way', Lith adv. staiga 
'sudden', Latv staiga 'alley', Slav *stbza 
id. (Fraenkel WuS XII 191-192). For 
furuher connections see *stí^anan. Torp- 
Falk 492; Trautmann BS]V 285; Feist 
447; Pokorný I 1017-1018; Fraenkel 
892; Zalizniak II 204; Frisk II 784; 
Seebold 466; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
752; Lehmann GED 321; Bammesberger 
Nom. 107; Fsluge-Seebold 791; Orel 
AED 437. 

*staÍ3raz adj.: ON adv. steigur-liga 'prud- 
ishly', OE stré^er 'steep, uprighť, MLG 
stěger id. Derived from *sti^anan. Torp- 
Falk 492; Vries ANE]V 545; Hetder- 

MANNS 541. 

*staina-bu3on sb.m.: ON stein-bogi 'stone 
arch', OE stán-bo^a id. Compound of 
*stainaz and *bu^on. Carr Nom. comp. 55. 

*staina-four3z sb.f: ON stein-borg 'stone 
castíe', OE stán-bur^ 'town built with 
stone'. Compound of *stainaz and *bur^z. 
Carr Nom. comp. 82 (parallel formations). 

*stainaxaz ~ *staina3az adj.: Goth 
stainahs 'stony', OE stánis id., OHG steinag 
id. OHG rvn. Steinaha can hardly be 
connected as it goes back to *staina-axwo. 
Derived from *stainaz. Feist 447; 
Lehmann GED 321. 

*staina-xúsan sb.n.: ON stein-hús 'stone 
house', OFris stén-hus id., MLG sten-hus 
id., MHG stein-hús id. Compound of 
*stainaz and *xusan. Carr Nom. comp. 78 
(parallel formations). 

*staina-ufnaz sb.m.: ON stein-ofn 'stone 
oven', OHG stein-ovan 'stone poť. Com- 
pound of *stainaz and *ufnaz. Carr 
Nom. comp. 85 (parallel formations). 

*stainaz sb.m.: Goth stains 'stone', ON 
steinn id., OE stán id., OFris stěn id., OS 
sten id., OHG stein id. Related to Slav 
*stěna '(stone) wall' (Meillet Etudes 446; 
Schulze KZ XXVII 427) and, further, 



stamaz 



370 



stam(m)az 



to IE *stai- 'to thicken': Skt styayate 'to co- 
agulate, to harden'. Schrader-Nehring 
II 50 (Slav < Gmc); Hirt PBB XXIII 
336 (samé as Schrader-Nehring); Torp- 
Falk 490; Holthausen AEEW 316-317, 
AWN 280; Feist 447-448; Pokorný I 
1011; Vries ANEW 546; Zalizniak I 
135; Onions 871-872; Stang LS 55; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 754; Lehmann 
GED 321-322; Kluge-Seebold 791-792. 

*stainojanan wk.vb.: ON steina 'to stain, 
to painť, OE sténán 'to stone', MLG 
stenen id., OHG stáním id. Derived from 
*stainaz. Holthausen AEE]\ 7 315; Leh- 
mann GED 321. 

*stakaz adj.: ON stah 'single, odď, MLG 
stak 'stiff, immobilized by an injury'. 
Related to *stakon. Karsten MB II 443; 
Lůhr Expr. 228; Heidermanns 542. 

*stakjaz sb.m.: ON stekkr 'enclosure (for 
sheep)', EFris stek, stekke 'enclosure'. 
Derived from *stakon. Vries ANEW 
546. 

*stakkaz ~ *stakkan sb.m./n.: ON 
stakkr 'short blouse', OFris stack 'small 
coať. See *stakon. Pokorný I 1011; 
Vries ANE]V 542; Heidermanns 542— 
543 (to Lith stoka 'shortage, lack'). 

*stakójanan wk.vb.: ON staka 'to punt, to 
push', MLG staken 'to make a palisade'. 
Derived from *stakon. Vries ANEW 
542. 

*stakón sb.m.: ON hvat-staki 'a kind of 
weapon', OE staca 'stake', MLG stake 
'pole', MHG stache id. Probably related 
to Lith stagaras 'dry stalk', Slav *stožei~b 
'stack-pole', *stogb 'stack, rick' (Zupitza 
Gutt. 167—168). Derived from *stekanan. 
Torp-Falk 479; Trautmann BS]V 288; 
Feist 448 (on Goth staks 'mark, stigma' 
< *stakiz); Holthausen AEEW 31 4, A I VM 
278; Pokorný I 1014; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 80; Vries ANEW 542; Fraenkel 
891-892; Onions 861 (to *stek(k)on); 
Stang LS 54; Seebold 468; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 763; Lehmann GED 322 
(to Lat tígnum 'beam'); Heidermanns 542. 

*stakr5janan wk.vb.: ON stakra 'to push, 
to stagger', E dial. stacker 'to reel, to 



sway', LG stackern 'to walk ponderously'. 
An emphatic derivative of *stakajanan. 
Vries ANEW 542. 

*staldan sb.n.: Goth and-stald 'purveyance, 
supply', OE ^e-steald 'setded pláce'. Con- 
tinues *stol-tó-, cf. *stallaz (Lehmann 
Language XVIII 129). Torp-Falk 489; 
Holthausen AEEW 317; Feist 50; 
Seebold 462. 

*staldanan str.vb.: Goth and-staldan 'to 
purvey, to supply', OE pret. sg. steóld 'to 
possess'. See *staldan. Torp-Falk 489; 
Holthausen AEE]V 317; Feist 50; 
Pokorný I 1019-1020; Seebold 461- 
462; Lehmann GED 37. 

*stallaz sb.m.: ON stallr 'shelf, pedestal, 
stali', OE steall 'position, statě, pláce', 
OFris stali 'position, standpoinť, MLG 
stal id., OHG stal 'position, standing'. 
Related to Skt sthala- 'elevation, dry land, 
firm earth', Gk gtÚXoc, 'equipment, jour- 
ney, armamenť based on *stel-\ Skt 
sthálati 'to stanď, Gk vtíXkw 'to set, to 
put in order'. Sievers IF W 337-338 
(from *sbtló-); Torp-Falk 487; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 318; Mayrhofer III 525 
Pokorný I 1019; Vries ANEW 542 
Zalizniak I 135; Frisk II 786-788 
Onions 862 (from *stadlaz); Lehmann 
GED 327; Heidermanns 543; Kluge- 
Seebold 786. 

*stallón sb.m.: ON stalli 'altar', OE je- 
stealla 'companion', OHG gi-stallo 
'helper'. Derived from *stallaz. Vries 
ANEW 542. 

*stalpjanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. stelpa 'to 
check, to balk', Du stelpen 'to stanch, to 
assuage'. Related to *stulpon. Torp- 
Falk 489; Vries ANEW 546. 

*stam(m)az adj.: Goth stamms 'stammer- 
ing', ON stamr id., OE stam id., OHG 
stam id. A descriptive stem similar to 
Latv stuomíties 'to stutter, to stammer'. 
Karsten MB I 51-52, II 230-231; 
Grienberger Goth. 198 (to IE *stá- 'to 
stand, to puť); Torp-Falk 483; Feist 
449; Holthausen AEE]V 316; Wissmann 
KZ LXII 141-142; Martinet Gém. 175; 
Pokorný I 1021; Vries ANEW 543; 



stam(m)az 



371 



stapiz 



Onions 862; Lehmann GED 322-323; 
Heidermanns 544—545; Rluge-Seebold 
787. 

*stamměnan wk.vb.: ON stamma 'to 
stammer', OHG stammen id. Derived 
from *stam(m)az. Torp-Falk 483. 

*stammjanan wk.vb.: ON strníma 'to 
stem, to stop', OE for-stemman 'to pre- 
vent, to hinder', OS stemmian 'to lift', 
OHG stemmen id. Probably derived from 
*stam(rn)az. Torp-Faek 483-484; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 319; Pokorný I 1021; 
Vrees AJVE] V 546; Onions 867; Lehmann 
GED 322; Heidermanns 545; Kluge- 
Seebold 792. 

*stamnaz ~ *stamniz sb.m.: ON stafn 
'stem (of a ship)', OE stefna 'prow, stern' 
(n-stem), OFris stevene id. (fem.), OS stamn 
id., MLG stam id., OHG stam 'stem'. 
Identical with Gk atáiivoq '(earthen) jar' 
based on *<jT&na or *axanT|v close to 
Toch A stam, B stam 'tree' < *stamn, Olr 
taman 'tree trunk'. Torp NNEO 705 
(separates *stabnaz and *stamnaz); Torp- 
Falk 484; Holthausen AEEW 318; 
Pokorný I 1013; Vendryes T-25 (differ- 
endy on Olr taman); Vries ANE]V 540— 
541; Frisk II 777; Onions 867; Lehmann 
GED 327; Kluge-Seebold 786-787, 794; 
Adams TB 708-709; Burlak IFTJa 259- 
260. 

*stamnjanan wk.vb.: ON stefna 'to stand 
in a certain direction', OE stefnan 'to reg- 
ulate, to direcť, LG stevenen 'to steer'. 
Derived from *stamnaz ~ *stamniz. 
Holthausen AEEW 319; Vries ANEW 
545 (sees two separate words here). 

*stampaz sb.m.: OS stamp 'pesde, mor- 
tar', OHG stampf id. Identical with Lith 
stambas 'cabbage-stalk, stock'. Denomina- 
tive related to Gk axéupco 'to shake 
about, to agitate', Lith stembstu, stembti 'to 
stem'. Torp-Falk 484; Trautmann 
BSW 284; Holthausen AEEW 316; 
Pokorný I 1011; Fraenkel 895; Vries 
ANEW 543; Frisk II 788; Onions 862 
(nasalized cognate of *stapiz). 

*stamp6janan wk.vb.: ON stappa 'to 
stamp', MLG stampen 'to tap, to pounď, 



OHG stampfon id. Derived from *stampaz. 
Kuhn KZl 139; Zupitza Gutt. 28; Torp- 
Falk 484; Porzig Gliederung 137; Vries 
ANEW 543; Onions 862; Seebold 463; 
Kluge-Seebold 787. 

*stamrójanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. stamra 
'to stammer', OE stamerian id., OS 
stamuron id. Derived from *stam(m)az. 
Holthausen AEEW 316; Vries ANEW 
556. 

*stančtanan str.vb.: Goth standan 'to 
stand', ON standa id., OE standan id., 
OFris stonda id., OS standan id., OHG 
stantan id. Based on a secondarily built 
nasál present. Derived from *stenan. 
Torp-Falk 477; Brugmann IF XV 
126-128; Sturtevant GR VII 467-476, 
Language IV 3 (after Hrozny, to Hitt 
ištandai- 'to hesitate, to delay'); Feist 
449-450; Holthausen AEEW 317; 
Kluge 743-744; Jóhannesson 7£7^ 854- 
858; Pokorný I 1004-1005; Kammen- 
huber KZ LXXVII 32-35 (follows 
Sturtevant); Vries AMEJV 543; Onions 
862-863; Seebold 460-461; Peeters IF 
LXXXI 33-35; Lehmann GED 323; 
Kluge-Seebold 787. 

*stan3Ó sb.f: ON stong 'pole', OS stanga 
id., OHG stanga id. Derived from 
*sten^,anan. Torp-Falk 482; Pokorný I 
1015; Vries ANEW 559; Zalizniak II 
210; Onions 863; Seebold 470; Lehmann 
GED 383; Lůhr Exp: 470-471; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 107; Kluge-Seebold 787. 

*stankwaz sb.m.: ON stqkkr 'stir, distur- 
bance', OS stank 'scenť, OHG stane 
id. Derived from *stenkwanan II. Vries 
ANEW bb^; Seebold 471; Lehmann GED 
325. 

*stankwjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-stagqjan 'to 
strike againsť, ON stqkkva 'to cause to 
spring, to make start', OE stencan 'to scat- 
ter'. Causative of *stenkwanan I. Torp- 
Falk 481; Holthausen AEEJV319; Feist 
201; Vries ANEW 558; Seebold 471; 
Lehmann GED 325. 

*stapiz sb.m.: OE stepe, stspe 'step', OFris 
stap id., OHG stapf id. Despite the 
difference in consonantism, related to 



stapiz 



372 



státy anan 



Slav *stopa 'sole, fooť. Torp-Falk 482; 
Holthausen AEESV 320; Pokorný I 
1011-1012; Onions 867; Seebold 462; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 766—767. 

*stapón sb.m.: ON stapi 'steeple-formed 
single rock', OE stapa 'one who steps'. 
See * stapiz. Torp-Falk 482; Holt- 
hausen AEESV 317; Vries AMESV 543. 

*stappanan ~ *stappjanan str.vb.: OE 
stteppan 'to step', OFris stapa, steppa 'to 
stride, to walk', OS pret. sg. stop 'to step'. 
See *stapiz. Torp-Falk 482; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 320; Onions 867; 
Seebold 462-463. 

*stapulaz sb.m.: ON stqpull 'tower, 
steeple', OE stapol 'post, pillar', OFris 
stapul 'rung anvil, crown of a tooth', 
MLG stapel 'pillar, steeple', OHG stapfal 
'sockle, footstanď. Derived from *stapon. 
Alternatively, might reflect IE *steb-, an 
irregular variant of a better attested 
*stebh-\ Skt stabhndti 'to fix, to support', 
Lith stdbas 'post' and the like. See *stabiz 
~ *stabaz. Kuhn K£ I 1 39; Torp-Falk 
482; Holthausen AEESV 317; Mayr- 
hofer III 511; Pokorný I 1011-1012; 
Fraenkel 891; Vries AMESV 559; 
Zalizniak I 135; Onions 863; Kluge- 
Seebold 788. 

*stara-folenďaz adj.: OESc star-blinder 
'quite blinď, OE stier-blind id., OFris stare- 
blind id., MLG star-blint id., OHG stara-blint 
id. Derived from *starěrmn and *blendaz. 
Holthausen AEESV 315; Heidermanns 
545—546; Kluge-Seebold 788. 

*staraz ~ *starón sb.m.: ON stari, starri 
'blackbird, starling', OE ster 'starling', 
MLG stár id., OHG staro, stár id. For 
IE parallels see *sternaz. Torp-Falk 
486; Holthausen AEESV 315; Pokorný 

I 1036; Vries AJVESV 544; Zalizniak 

II 179; Onions 864; Kluge-Seebold 
788. 

*starěnan wk.vb.: ON stará 'to staré, to 
gáze', OE starian id., OHG stařen, starán 
id. Related to *starraz. Torp-Falk 485- 
486; Feist 50-51; Holthausen AEESV 
315; Pokorný I 1022; Vries AMESV 543; 
Onions 864; Heidermanns 546. 



*starkaz ~ *starkiz adj.: ON sterkr 
'strong', OE stearc 'stiff, hard, strong', 
OFris stark 'strong', OS stark id., OHG 
stan, starah id. Cf. also Goth *starks in 
prop. Starcedius. Derived from *sterkanan. 
Kirchhoff KZ I 39; Karsten MB II 
376-377; Torp-Falk 486-487; Feist 
201-202; Holthausen AEESV 318 
Pokorný I 1023; Vries AMESV 546 
Onions 864; Lehmann GED 149 
Heidermanns 546-547; Kluge-Seebold 
788. 

*starraz adj.: ON stan 'blunť, MLG stár 
'rigid, repelling', MHG stene 'rigid, stiff'. 
Related to Toch B šcíre 'hard, harsh', Gk 
atepeóc; 'stiff, hard', Lith steru, stérti 'to 
congeal, to petrify', and probably Slav 
*stai-b 'olď. Karsten MB II 258; 
Brugmann IF XXXIII 302-303 (on 
gemination); Meillet Etudes 404; Torp- 
Falk 485-486; Trautmann BSSV 282 
Pokorný I 1022; Fraenkel 902-903 
Vries ANESV 544; Frisk II 790-791 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 747; Heider- 
manns 547; Adams TB 639-640. 

*starrěnan ~ *starrjanan wk.vb.: 
Norw dial. stana, sterra 'to rufHe, to bris- 
tle', MLG starren 'to goggle', MHG starren 
'to be stiff'. See *starěnan. Torp-Falk 
486; Vries ANESV 544. 

*startjanan wk.vb.: ON sterta 'to crease, 
to pleať, ME sterten 'to drive up, to start', 
MHG sterzen 'to stalk, to grow stiff'. 
Related to *stertaz II. Torp-Falk 487; 
Pokorný I 1023. 

*stabaz ~ *stajjan sb.m./n.: Goth dat. 
sg. stapa 'shore', Norw dial. stád 'bank', 
OE stieó 'shore', OFris sted id., OS stath 
id., OHG stád id. Continues IE *sts-to-, 
similar to other derivatives of *stá- 'to 
stanď, cf. Lat status, part. of sisto id., Lith 
status 'standing, still, straighť, stdtas 'row'. 
See *stadaz, *stanianan, *stenan. Torp- 
Falk 477; Holthausen AEESV 316 
Walde-Hofmann II 596-599; Feist 450 
Pokorný I 1006; Fraenkel 897-898 
Zalizniak II 183; Onions 861; Seebold 
460; Lehmann GED 324. 

*stabjanan wk.vb.: ON stedja 'to stop', 



stabjanan 



373 



stekanan 



OE stďddan 'to make staid, to stay', 
MLG steden 'to establish'. Identical with 
Lith statýti 'to puť (Bugge BB III 120). 
Further see *stanianan. Holthausen 
AEEW 316; Pokorný I 1006; Fraenkel 
897-898; Vries AMEW 545; Seebold 
461. 

*stapón sb.m.: Goth lukama-stapa 'candle- 
stick', ON stadi 'stack, ríck', MLG stade 
'pláce where wheat is storeď. Derived 
from *stěnan, *standanan. Torp-Falk 
478. 

*stap(u)laz sb.m.: ON stqiull 'milking- 
sheď, stál 'stack', OE stodol 'foundation', 
OFris stathul 'barn', OS stabal id., OHG 
stadal id. Derivative in *-tlo- of IE *stá- 
'to stanď, cf. Lat ob-staculum 'hinderance, 
obstacle', Lith stdklés 'loom'. See *stan- 
danan, *stěnan. Torp-Falk 478; Traut- 
MAtmBSW283; Holthausen AEEW 3 17; 
Pokorný I 1007; Fraenkel 893; Vries 
AMEW 542, 559; Onions 860. 

*staupan ~ *staupaz sb.n./m.: ON 
staup 'knobby lump, cup, beaker', OE 
steáp 'cup, drinking vessel', MLG stop id., 
OHG stouf id. Substantivized *staupaz. 
Zupitza Gutt. 28; Torp-Falk 497; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 318; Pokorný I 1034; 
Zalizniak II 172; Vries AMEW 544; 
Onions 872; Kluge-Seebold 790. 

*staupaz adj.: OE steáp 'high, lofty', OFris 
stap id. Connected with *stupeman. Torp- 
Falk 496-497; Holthausen AEEW 318; 
Pokorný I 1034; Onions 866; Seebold 
474. 

*staupjanan wk.vb.: ON steypa 'to cast 
down, to overthrow', OE stípan 'to raise, 
to elevate', OFris stepá 'to help, to con- 
tribute'. Factitive of *stúpanan. Torp- 
Falk 496; Holthausen AEEW 321; 
Vries AMEW 547; Onions 866. 

*stauraz sb.m.: ON staurr 'pale, stake'. 
Identical with Gk atorupóq id. Cf. also a 
denominative Lat in-stauro 'to restore' 
(Curtius Gr. Et. 212). For further con- 
nections see *steuro ~ *steur(j)an. Torp- 
Falk 493; Walde-Hofmann I 705-706; 
Pokorný I 1009; Vries AMEW 544; 
Frisk II 778; Lehmann GED 326. 



*stautanan str.vb.: Goth stautan 'to strike, 
to hiť, OFris stěta 'to punch, to kick', OS 
stotan 'to strike', OHG stózan id. Probably 
connected with Lat studeo 'to strive, to 
study', Alb shtyj ~ shtýj 'to thrusť < 
*studnió. Torp-Falk 495; Walde- 
Hofmann II 608; Feist 451; Pokorný I 
1032-1034; Seebold 3-464; Lehmann 
GED 324; Orel AED 444; Kxuge- 
Seebold 799. 

*stautiz sb.m.: ON steytr 'capsize', OFris 
štět 'thrusť, MLG stot 'blow', OHG stoz 
id. Derived from *stautanan. Torp-Falk 
495; Vries AMEW 547; Seebold 463; 
Lehmann GED 324; Bammesberger Mom. 
133. 

*stautójanan wk.vb.: ON stauta 'to beat, 
to strike', OHG stózon 'to goaď. Cf. also 
ON steyta 'to push' < *stautjanan. Derived 
from *stautanan. Jóhannesson /J?II 7 862— 
866; Vries AMEW 544, 547; Seebold 
463; Lehmann GED 324. 

*stebnjanan wk.vb.: ON stejná 'to give 
notice, to summon', OE stefnian 'to sum- 
mon, to cite', MLG stevenen 'to summon'. 
Derived from *stef>no ~ *stemno. Reflexes 
of this verb were influenced by those of 
*stamnjanan. Holthausen AEEW 319; 
Vries AMEW 545. 

*stebno ~ *stemnó sb.f: Goth stibna 
'voice', OE stefn, stemn id., OFris stijne, 
stemme id., OS stemna id., OHG stimna, 
stimma id. Of unknown origin. Noreen 
Abrifi 140 (to Av staman- 'muzzle (of a 
dog)', Gk axó|ia 'mouth', W safn 'jaw'); 
Torp-Falk 484 (against Noreen); 
Petersson IF XX 368, XXIII 386- 
387; Falk-Torp MD 1197 (to *stabaz)\ 
Sghmidt Kritik 133 (against Norlen); 
Grienberger Got. 199 (to Gk oxívm 'to 
sigh, to moan'); Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 78; 
Sturtevant Language IV 123 (to Hitt 
ištaman- 'ear'); Holthausen AEEW 319; 
Feist 452; Zalizniak II 181; Onions 
868; Wennerberg Sprache XVIII 28-29 
(follows Noreen); Lehmann GED 325; 
Kluge-Seebold 796-797. 

*stekanan str.vb.: OFris steka 'to prick, to 
sting', OS stekem id., OHG stehhan id. An 



stekanan 



374 



steii3anan 



alternativě reconstruction is *stikanan. 
The latter may be related to Gk oxí^to 
'to stick', Lat ínstigo 'to sting, to prick'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 168; Torp-Falk 480; 
Walde-Hofmann I 706-707; Pokorný I 
1016-1017; Vries ANEW 549; Frisk II 
797-798; Seebold 467-468; Heider- 
manns 542; Kluge-Seebold 790. 

*stek(k)5n sb.m.: ON stjaki 'punt-pole, 
stake', stikki 'short measured poem', OE 
sticca 'stick', OFris stekk id., OS stekko 
id., OHG stehho 'pole'. Ablaut variant of 
*stakon. However, an alternativě recon- 
struction and etymology cannot be ex- 
cluded: *stik(k)on to Gk oxí^co 'to stick', 
Lat instlgo 'to urge, to stimulate'. Torp- 
Falk 491; Holthausen AEEW 320; 
Walde-Hofmann I 706; Pokorný I 
1016-1017; Vries ANEW 549; Zalizniak 
II 225; Frisk II 797-798; Onions 869; 
Heidermanns 542; Rluge-Seebold 790 
(to Lith stdgaras 'stock'). 

*stekójanan wk.vb.: ON stjaka 'to punť, 
MLG steken 'to prick, to sting', OHG steh- 
hon id. Probably related to *stek(k)on. 
Vries ANEW 549. 

*stelanan str.vb.: Goth stilan 'to steal', 
ON stela id., OE stelan id., OFris stela id., 
OS stelan id., OHG stelan id. Probably, 
related to IE *stel(H)- 'to stretch', hence, 
'to cover' > 'to steal'. Prellwitz K£ 
XLII 88-90 (to Lat stěllió 'newt, stellion, 
lizard with spotted back'); Osthoff PBB 
XIII 460—461 (from *steranan influenced 
by *xelanari); Torp-Falk 489; Feist 
453-454 (non-IE); Holthausen AEEW 
319; Jóhannesson IEW 878; Pokorný I 
1018-1019, 1028 (to Gk otEpéco 'to rob'); 
Chemodanov SGGJa 1110; Vries AjYEW 
546; Onions 866; Seebold 468-469; 
Lehmann GED 326 (a pre-Gmc word); 
Kluge-Seebold 791. 

*stelkaz adj.: ON sbst. stelkr, stjalkr 'a kind 
of bird, Tringa islandica', OE adj. steak 
'steep'. Related to Lith stelgiú, stelgti 'to 
staré'? Torp-Falk 489; Holthausen 
AEEW 317; Pokorný I 1020; Vries 
ANEW 546; Fraenkel 900. 

*stellin3Ď sb.f.: ON stelling 'mast-step', 



MLG stettinge 'rack'. Derived from *stell- 
janan. Vrles ANEIV 546. 

*stelljanan wk.vb.: ON stilla 'to moder- 
ate, to still, to soothe', OE stillan 'to 
become still, to make still', OS stillian 'to 
calm down', OHG stillen id. Derived 
from *stelljaz. Torp-Falk 488; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 323; Vries ANEW 548; 
Heidermanns 550; Kluge-Seebold 796. 

*stelljaz adj.: Burg *stiljis 'quieť, OE stille 
'still, quieť, OFris stille id., OS stilli 
id., OHG stilli 'motionless'. Probably de- 
rived from *stelanan in its originál mean- 
ing *'to stretch'. Curtius Gr. Et. 212, 
216 (to Lat stolidus 'slow, duli, obtuse'); 
Torp-Falk 488; Persson Beitriige 424; 
Holthausen AEEW 323 (to Skt sthánú- 
'motionless, firm'); Vries ANEW 548; 
Pokorný I 1019; Onions 869 (to *stallaz); 
Kobler 713; Rosengren 72-74; Heider- 
manns 550-551; Kluge-Seebold 796 (to 
Olr tuilid 'to sleep', Lith tilti 'to be silenť). 

*steltjón ~ *staltj5n sb.f: Norw dial. 
stilta 'stilt, crutch', ME stilte id., MLG 
stelte id., OHG stelza id. Related to 
*stultaz. Torp-Falk 489; Onions 869. 

*steluz ~ stelon sb.m.: ON stjqlr 'hinder 
part', OE stela 'stalk'. Cf. MLG stal, stale 
'chair leg'. Related to Gk GtéXoq 'beam', 
Arm steln 'trunk, stalk'. Torp-Falk 488; 
Holthausen AEEW 329; Pokorný I 
1019; Vries ANEW 549; Frisk II 786- 
787. 

*stenanan str.vb.: OE wk. sténán 'to 
groan', MLG str./wk. stenen id. Related 
to Skt stánati 'to thunder', Gk otévto 'to 
moan, to sigh', Lith stenů, stenéti 'to moan', 
Slav *stenati id. Torp-Falk 481; Traut- 
mann BS1 V 286; Holthausen AEEW 3 1 9 
Mayrhofer III 510; Pokorný I 1021 
Fraenkel 901; Frisk II 789-790 
Seebold 469-470; Vasmer-Trubachev 
m 754; Kluge-Seebold 798. 

*sten3anan str.vb.: ON stinga 'to sting', 
OE stin^an 'to uhrust, to prick, to sting', 
OHG stingen 'fleotomare'. Cf. also Goth 
us-staggan 'to pluck ouť (Grfenberger 
Got. 233-234). Identical with Lith sténgiu, 
sténgti 'to exert oneself, to be able', Slav 



steii3anan 



375 



sternon 



*st(gati 'to flog, to lash'. Brugmann IF 
XXXII 180; Zupitza Gutt. 101; Torp- 
Falk 481-482; Feist 535; Holthausen 
AEEW 323; Jóhannesson IEW 867-868; 
Pokorný I 1015; Vries ANE]V 548; 
Fraenkel 901-902; Zalizniak II 210; 
Onions 870; Seebold 470-471 (to Gk 
CTÍi^to 'to tattoo'); Lehmann GED 383; 
Kluge-Seebold 787. 

*stenkwanan I str.vb.: Goth stigqan 'to 
clash, to collide', ON stqkkva 'to leap, to 
spring', OE stincan id. Etymology un- 
known. Probably related to Lat stinguo 'to 
extinguish' (Rozwadowski IF IV 411). 
Bugge BB III 120 (to Gk xéyyto 'to wet, 
to moisten'); Sabler KZ XXXI 282 (to 
Lith sténgiu, sténgti 'to exert oneself); 
Osthoff Etym. I 365 (to Skt stambha- 
'posť); Zupitza Gutt. 94 (to Skt táňgati 'to 
go, to stumble, to tremble'); Brugmann 
KVG 515 (to Skt tujáti 'to move quickly, to 
urge'); Grienberger Got. 199 (follows 
Rozwadowski); Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 79 
(to W songu 'to trample'); Torp-Falk 481; 
Walde-Hofmann II 593; Feist 452-453; 
Holthausen AEElť 323; Jóhannesson 
IEW 862-866; Pokorný I 1032-1034; 
Vries ANEW 558 (to Gk gtÍ^cú 'to 
tattoo'); Fraenkel 901—902; Seebold 
471-472; Lehmann GED 325; Kluge- 
Seebold 797. 

*stenkwanan II str.vb.: Norw stokka 'to 
stink', OE stincan 'to směli, to stink', 
WFris stjonke id., MLG stinken id., OHG 
stinkan id. Historically identical with 
*stenkwanan I (Wood MLN XXV 74). 
Holthausen AEEW 323; Hoffner RHA 
XXI 36 (to Hitt ista(n)h- 'to taste'); 
Onions 870; Seebold 471; Lehmann 
GED 325. 

*stenb(j)az adj.: ON stinnr, stidr 'stiff, 
unbending, strong', OE stíd 'hard, stiff', 
OFris stith 'strong', MLG stide 'heavy, 
stiff'. Originally, a participle of *stenan 
(Heidermanns 552). Karsten MB II 
328-329; Torp-Falk 481 (to Gk sb. 
cjtevÓi; 'narrow, straighť); Holthausen 
AEEW 323; Pokorný I 1021-1022; 
Vries ANEW 548; Lerchner 242. 



*sterbanan str.vb.: OE steorfan 'to die', 
OFris stená id., OS sterban id., OHG 
sterban id. Related to Olr ussarb 'death' < 
*ud-sterbhá, Slav *stbrbati ~ *storbati 'to 
stiffen, to die'. Walther KZ XII 411 
(to Lat torpéd 'to be stiff'); Persson 
Beitrdge 435, 438 (to Gk cjTÉpipoq 'hide, 
skin', Lat tergum 'back'); Torp-Falk 487; 
Holthausen AEEW 320; Jóhannesson 
IEW 873-878; Pokorný I 1022-1027; 
Vries ANEW 549; Onions 864 (to 
*sterdaz); Seebold 472-473; Vasmer- 
Trubaohev III 756; Kluge-Seebold 
793. 

*sterbón sb.m.: ON stjarfi 'epilepsy', OE 
steorfa 'mortality, pestilence, flesh of 
dead animals', OS man-sterbo 'epidemie', 
OHG sterbo 'pesť. Derived from *ster- 
banan. Torp-Falk 487; Holthausen 
AEEW 320; Vries ANEW 549; Seebold 
472. 

*sterčtaz adj.: ON stirdr 'stiff, rigiď. Iden- 
tical with W serth id. Torp-Falk 487; 
Pokorný I 1023; Vries ANEW 547. 

*sterkanan str.vb.: ON part. blód-storkinn 
'to coagulate', OHG ki-storchenen 'dabatis'. 
Corresponds to Slav *stergti 'to guarď (ure 
latter is hardly connected with Lith sérgiu, 
sérgéti 'to protéct, to savé') and probably 
Hitt ištark- 'to ail'. Cf. *stettanan. Torp- 
Falk 486; Jóhannesson IEW 873-878; 
Pokorný I 1022-1027; Vries ANEW 
551; Seebold 473-474; Puhvel II 475- 
477; Fvluge-Seebold 788. 

*sternaz sb.m.: OE steam 'starling', LG 
stern 'sea-swallow' . Cf. also ON perná id. 
A localism related to *staraz ~ *staron and 
directly compared wiui Lat sturnus 'star- 
ling' < *stmos or *stornos and OPrus star- 
nite (v.l. stamite) 'gulT. Torp-Falk 486; 
Holthausen AEE]V 318; Speght 49; 
Walde-Hofmann II 610; Pokorný I 
1036. 

*sternon sb.f: Goth stairno 'stár', ON stjar- 
na id., MLG sterne id., OHG mase. sterno 
id. Cf. also, with gemination, OE steorra 
'stár', OFris stera id., OS stern id., OHG 
sterro id. Related to Hitt hašteř- id., Toch 
A pl. šre-fí, B icirye 'stars', Skt instr. pl. 



sternon 



376 



steura-mannz 



stíbhih 'stár', Av acc. sg. starim id., Arm 
astl id., Gk (xatř|p id., Lat stella id. < *stěr- 
lá, W šerm id., Mír ser id. (Benfey apud 
Kuhn KZ I 540). Bartholomae 1598— 
1599; Ipsen ZFXLI 179-180; Torp-Falk 
485; Krogmann KZ LXIII 256-259; 
Walde-Hofmann II 587-588; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 320; Feist 448; Porzig 
Gliederung 155; Mayrhofer III 512; 
Pokorný I 1027-1028; Vries ANEW 
549; Zalizniak II 222; Frisk I 170-171; 
Onions 863-864; Watktns Sprache XX 
41-50; Tischler HEG I 204-206; 
Puhvel III 338-339; Lehmann GED 322; 
Kluge-Seebold 794; Adams TB 640; 
Burlak IFTJa 258. 

*sterón adj.: Goth fem. stairo 'barren', 
OHG sbst. stero 'ram'. Related to Toch B 
šari 'calf, heifer (?)', Skt staň 'sterile cow', 
Arm ster) 'infertile', Gk otsipa id., Alb 
shtjerre 'lamb, young cow, heifer'. Torp- 
Falk 486; Schulze Kl. Schr. 60; Feist 
448; Mayrhofer III 513; Pokorný I 
1031; Frisk II 783; Lehmann GED 
322; Bammesberger Nom. lil; Kluge- 
Seebold 794; Orel AED 440; Adams TB 
622. 

*stertaz I sb.m.: ON stertr 'tail', OE steort 
id., OFris stert id., MLG stert id., OHG 
sterz, id. Despite the phonetical irregulari- 
ties, reminds of Gk atópOri • to óiji) toí> 
8ópaxoc;, Kal éniĎopaxí^ (Hes.). At the 
samé time, cf. *steriaz and *stertaz II. 
Lidén SVSUVI/l 17 (to IE *skrd-\ Studien 
17 (to Lat tardo 'to tarry, to hinder'); 
Torp-Falk 487; Holthausen j 4£ííTI / 320; 
Pokorný I 1023 (to Gk xópSvAov 'hart- 
wort, Tordylium officinale'); Vries ANEW 
547; Frisk II 802; Onions 864; Kluge- 
Seebold 794 (to *stanaz). 

*stertaz II adj.: ON upp-stertr 'haughty, 
stately'. A variant of *sterdaz. Torp- 
Falk 487; Pokorný I 1023. 

*stertlójanan wk.vb.: ON stirtla 'to 
hobble, to stagger', OE steartlian 'to kick 
with the foot, to stumble'. Related to 
*stertaz II. Torp-Falk 487; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 318; Vries ANEW 549. 

*steubanan ~ *stúbanan str.vb.: MLG 



stúven 'to be disperseď, OHG stioban id. 
Of unknown origin. Cf. also unclear 
WGmc *staumaz 'steam' (?< *staubmaz): 
OE steátn, WFris steam, Du stoom. Wood 
JEGP II 225-226; Uhlenbeck PBB 
XXVI 308-309; Much <Z>H" II 286 (to 
Gk TÚtpco 'to produce smoke'); Torp-Falk 
497; HoLTHAusENyl£'£'ir318; Feist 457; 
Onions 866; Lehmann GED 328; Kluge- 
Seebold 789. 

*steupa-barnan sb.n.: ON stjúp-barn 
'stepchilď, OE steóp-beam 'orphan'. Com- 
pound of *steupaz and *baman. Carr 
Nom. comp. 82 (parallel formations). 

*steupa-duxtěr sb.f: ON stjúp-dóttir 'step- 
daughter', OE steůp-dohtor id., OFris 
stiap-dochter id., OS stěf-dohtor id., OHG 
stiqf-tohter id. Compound of *steupaz and 
*duxtér. Carr Nom. comp. 52. 

*steupa-faděr sb.m.: ON stjúp-fadir 'step- 
father', OE steóp-fďder id., OFris stiáp-feder 
id., OS stef-fader id., OHG stiof-fater id. 
Compound of *steupaz and *fader. Carr 
Nom. comp. 52. 

*steupa-tnóděr sb.f: ON stjúp-módir 
'stepmother', OE steóp-módor id., OFris 
stiáp-moder id., OS stej-moder id., OHG 
stiof-muotar id. Compound of *steupaz and 
*moáer. Carr Nom. comp. 52. 

*steupa-súnuz sb.m.: ON stjúp-sonr 'step- 
son', OE steóp-sunu id., OFris stiáp-sunu 
id., OS stef-sun id., OHG stiof-sun id. 
Compound of *steupaz and *súnuz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 52. 

*steupaz adj.: ON stjúp-módir 'step- 
mother', stjúpr 'stepson', OE steóp-cild 
'stepchilď, OFris stiáp-feder 'stepfather', 
MDu stiep-kind 'stepchilď, OHG stwj-kind 
id. Ušed predominandy in compounds. 
Related to *stubbaz ~ *stubton (Holt- 
hausen PBB LXVI 274). Torp-Falk 
497; Holthausen AEE]V 320; Carr 
Nom. comp. 52; Pokorný I 1034; Vrfes 
ANEW 549; Onions 867; Heidermanns 
554; Kluge-Seebold 795. 

*steura-mannz ~ *steurja-mannz 
sb.m.: ON stýri-maór 'skipper, captain', 
OE steór-mann 'steersman', MLG stúr- 
mann id., MHG stiur-man id. Compound 



steura-mannz 



377 



stijon 



of *steur(j)an ~ *steuro and *mannz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 78—79 (parallel formations). 

*steuraz sb.m.: Goth stiur 'calf, young 
steer', ON stjórr 'steer, young bull', OE 
steór id., MLG ster id., OHG stior id. 
Identical with Av staora- 'cattie', MPers 
stár 'draught animal, horše' (Petersson 
SVSL I 40-41; Bartholomae IF VII 57). 
Unrelated to *peuraz. Fórsterman KZ I 
495 (to IE Hauros and Skr sthúrá- 'strong'); 
Kuhn KZ 1515; Schulze KZ XXIX 271 
(to Skt stárna- 'thick'); Kook KZ XXXVI 
581; Bartholomae 1590-1591; Torp- 
Falk 479; Lommel KZ XLVI 53-54 (on 
Iranian parallels); Holthausen AEE]V 
320; Feist 454; Porzig Gliederung 199; 
Pokorný I 1009-1010; Zalizniak II 226; 
Schulze Kl. Schr. 483 (identical with Skt 
sthávira- 'wide, thick'); Onions 866; Leh- 
mann GED 326; Kluge-Seebold 796. 

*steur(j)an ~ *steuró sb.n./f.: ON stýri 
'helm, rudder', OE steór 'guidance, direc- 
tion', 'rudder, helm', OFris stiure id., 
MLG stiure id., stúre id., OHG stiura 
'steering-oar, post, support'. Originally, a 
substantivized adj. *steuraz preserved in 
Goth adv. iis-stiuriba 'dissolutely' and re- 
lated to Skt sthúrá-, sthávira- 'thick', Arm 
stvar id. Brugmann IF VI 98; Torp- 
Falk 493; Holthausen AEEW 320; Feist 
535; Mayrhofer III 530-531; Pokorný 
I 1009-1010; Vřes AMEW 557; Onions 
866; Lehmann GED 326; Kluge-Seebold 
794. 

*steurjanan wk.vb.: Goth stiurjan 'to 
establish', ON stým 'to steer', OE stíeran 
id., OFris stiura id., MLG sturen id., OHG 
stiurren id. Derived from *steur(j)an ~ 
*steuró. Torp-Falk 494; Holthausen 
AEEW 321; Feist 454-455; Vries^JVEIK 
557; Onions 866; Lehmann GED 326; 
Kluge-Seebold 794. 

*steurnó sb.f.: ON stjórn 'steering', OFris 
stiárne id. Derived from *steur5 ~ 
*steur(j)an. Onions 868. 

*stěnan str.vb.: Norw sta 'to stanď, OFris 
stán id., OS stan id., OHG stan, stěn id. 
Related to Toch B 3 sg. pres. ste 'to be', 
Skt tísthati 'to stanď, Av hišta- id., Gk 



iaxT]|ii 'to puť, Lat sisto id., sto 'to stanď, 
Olr at-táu- 'to be', Liuh stóju, státi 'to stand 
(up)', Slav *stati 'to stand, to become'. 
Streitberg UGG 310; Wilmanns ZDADL 
XXXIII 424-430; Brugmann IF XV 
126-128; Bartholomae 1600-1605; 
Torp-Falk 477; Trautmann BSW 281; 
Walde-Hofmann II 596-599; Feist 
449-450; Kluge 743, Urgerm. 160; Hirt 
Urgerm. II 162; Jóhannesson IE\V 854— 
858; Mayrhofer III 526-527; Pokorný 
I 1004-1010; Prokosch CGG 223; 
Fraenkel 914; Vries AMEW 543; Frisk I 
739; Vasmer-Trubachev III 748, 769; 
Seebold 464-465; Lehmann GED 323; 
Kluge-Seebold 791. 

*stÍ3an sb.n.: ON stig 'step', OE stiyráp 
'stirrup', Du steg 'footbridge', OHG steg 
id. See *sů$5(n). Holthausen AEE]V 
322; Vries AMEW 547. 

*stÍ3a-raipan ~ *stÍ3a-raipaz 

sb.n./m.: ON stig-reip 'stirrup', OE sat- 
rap id., MLG stege-rep id., OHG stege-reif 
id. Compound of *sti^an and *raipan ~ 
*raipaz. Holthausen AEE]V 322; Carr 
Mom. comp. 52; Onions 870. 

*stÍ3az sb.m.: ON stigr 'path, footway', 
MLG stech id., OHG steg 'footbridge, lit- 
tle bridge'. A variant of *sti^az. Torp- 
Falk 492. 

*stÍ3Ó(n) sb.f: ON upp-stiga 'ascenť, OHG 
stega 'step, ladder'. See *stai^o, *sti^anan. 
Particularly close to Latv stiga 'path', 
Slav *stbza id. Related to *sti^anan. 
Torp-Falk 492; Trautmann BS] V 286; 
Pokorný I 1017; Vries AMEW 547; 
Seebold 466; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
752; Lehmann GED 321. 

*stixtiz sb.f: ON stétt 'pavement, step- 
ping-stones', EFris stigt 'stile'. Derived 
from *sfísanan. Structurally close to Olr 
techt 'walk'. Torp-Falk 491; Pokorný I 
1017; Vries AMEW 547. 

*stijon sb.f: ON stía 'sty, kennel', svín-stí 
'pig-sty' (neut.), OE stig 'sty' (neut.), 
OFris stei id., MLG stege 'enclosure', 
OHG stiga 'barn for sheep or goats'. 
Of uncertain origin. Torp-Falk 490; 
Holthausen AEE1\' 322; Pokorný I 



stijon 



378 



stiraz 



1011 (to *stainaz); Zalizniak II 183; 
Onions 879; Kluge-Seebold 791. 

*stikiz sb.m.: Goth stiks 'point', OE štice 
'prick, puncture', OFris stek, steke 'point', 
OS stiki 'prick, stab', OHG stih 'prick, 
sting, stitch'. Gonnected with *stekanan 
(see on the reconstruction of the root 
vowel there). Zupitza Gutt. 168; Torp- 
Falk 491; Holthausen AEE1 1 ' 32 1 ; Feist 
453; Pokorný I 1016-1017; Onions 870; 
Lehmann GED 325-326; Kluge-Seebold 
795. 

*stikójanan wk.vb.: ON štika 'to drive 
piles', OE stician 'to stick, to pierce, to 
prick'. Derived from *stikiz. Torp-Falk 
491; Holthausen AEElť 321; Vries 
ANEW 548. 

*stiklaz sb.m.: Goth stikls 'beaker, chal- 
ice', ON stikill 'pointed end of the horn', 
OHG stehhal 'gobleť. Derived from *stikiz 
(Fick R'Z XX 360-361). Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXII 191 (from Slav *stbklo 'glass' 
which itself, however, is from Gmc); 
Torp-Falk 491; Feist 453; Vries ANEW 
544, 548 (follows Fick, for the seman- 
tics compares *staupaz ~ *staupan and 
*staupaz); Onions 869; Seebold 468 (to 
*sti3<man); Lehmann GED 325; Heider- 
manns 555; Kluge-Seebold 795. 

*stilaz sb.m.: OS stil 'stalk, shafť, OHG 
stil id. Identical with Lat stilus 'stake, pale, 
a pointed instrument for freeing plants 
from worms'. Torp-Falk 490; Walde- 
Hofmann II 592; Pokorný I 1015. 

*stif(a)lon sb.f: ON stífla 'dam', MLG 
stmel 'support, prop'. Derived from *stifaz. 
Heidermanns 549; Kluge-Seebold 791. 

*stlfaz adj.: Burg *stiffš 'stiff', OE stíf id., 
OFris stlf 'resolute', MLG stíf 'stiff', 
MHG stlf rigiď. Related to Lat ob-stipus 
'bent aside or backwards', further cf. Lat 
štípo 'to press', stipes 'stem, stick', Lith 
stimpú, stipti 'to stiffen' (Zupitza Gutt. 45). 
Torp-Falk 492; Holthausen AEEW 
322; Walde-Hofmann II 593; Pokorný 
I 1015-1016; Fraenkel 908; Vries 
ANEW 547; Onions 869; Kobler 713; 
Heidermanns 549—550; Kluge-Seebold 
791. 



*stÍ3anan str.vb.: Goth steigan 'to climb', 
ON stíga 'to step (up)', OE stíhán 'to go, 
to ascenď, OFris stíga 'to climb', OS 
stígan id., OHG stigan id. Identical with 
Skt (Dhátup.) stighnoti 'to step, to mounť, 
Gk cteÍxco id., Olr tíagaim 'to stride', 
Lith steigiú, steígti 'to desire', Slav *stignqti 
'to arrive'. Zupitza Gutt. 180; Torp- 
Falk 491; Trautmann BSW 285-286; 
Feist 452; Holthausen AEEW 322; 
Jóhannesson IE] V 861-862; Mayrhofer 
III 514-515; Pokorný I 1017-1018; 
Fraenkel 899-900; Vries ANEW 547; 
Vendryes T-57-60; Frisk II 783-785; 
Onions 879; Seebold 466-467; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 760; Lehmann GED 
324-325; Kluge-Seebold 791. 

*stÍ3az sb.m.: ON stígr 'path, way' (rare, 
also H-stem), OE stÍ3 id. (fem.), OHG stig 
'path'. Identical with W mor-dwy 'sea 
travel'. Cf, with zero vocalism, Gk 
axí^Oi; 'row', Latv stiga 'path', Slav 
*stbza id. See *sti^anan. Torp-Falk 492; 
Holthausen AEEW 322; Pokorný I 
1017-1018; Vries ANEW 547; Zalizniak 
II 204; Frisk II 784-785; Seebold 466; 
Lehmann GED 321; Bammesberger Nom. 
60; Kluge-Seebold 791. 

*stÍ3Ó sb.f: Crim. Goth. stega 'twenty', 
OFris stíge 'twenty items', G Stiege 
'ladder', dial. steige. Derived from 
*sti3anan (Stebs PBB XLVI 171: com- 
pares directly with Gk axí^oq 'row'). 
Grienberger Z dph XXX 132-133 (to 
Goth -tigjus); Feist 451—452 (from non- 
Indo-European); Lehmann GED 324. 

*stílaz sb.m.: Norw dial. stil 'thin stick', 
MLG stil 'pillar'. A variant of *stilaz. 
Torp-Falk 490. 

*stímaz sb.m.: Norw stim 'school (of fish)', 
MHG stim 'commotion, hubbub'. Iden- 
tical widi Skt stimá- 'lazy, passive' derived 
from styayate 'to become harď. Torp- 
Falk 490; Pokorný I 1010-1011; Dybo 
VSJa 27. 

*stíraz adj.: EFris štír 'stiff', G stier 
'motionless'. Related to Lith styrú, 
styrti 'to stiffen', Lat stiria 'frozen drop, 
ice-drop'. Torp-Falk 490; Walde- 



stiraz 



379 



stowjanan 



Hofmann II 595; Pokorný I 1010-1011; 
Fraenkel 910. 

*stirěnan wk.vb.: ON stira 'to staré, to gog- 
gle', EFris sfíren 'to become rigiď, MLG 
stiren id., G stieren id. Derived from *stlraz. 
Torp-Falk 490; Vries ANEW 548-549. 

*stóďa-xrussan sb.n.: ON stóS-hross 
'stttd-horse, stallion', OE stód-hors id., 
OHG stuot-ros id. Compound of *stodan 
and *xrussan. Carr Nom. comp. 78 (par- 
allel formations). 

*stóďa-marxj5n sb.f.: ON stód-merr 
'brood-mare', OE stód-mere id. Com- 
pound of *stódan and *marxjon. Carr 
Nom. comp. 82 (parallel formations). 

*stodan sb.n.: ON stád 'stud, herd (of 
horses)', OE stád id., OS stád 'pen (for 
horses)' (fem.), OHG stuot 'herd (of 
horses)' (fem.). Togeuher with Slav *stado 
continues dialectal IE *stádhom, derived 
from IE *sta- 'to stanď, see *standanan, 
*stěnan. Torp-Falk 479 (Slav < Gmc); 
Holthausen AEEW 323, A1I7V 283; 
Pokorný I 1004-1007; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 83; Vries ANEW 55Q; Zalizniak 
II 175; Onions 877; Stang LS 54; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 743; Lehmann 
GED 33; Kluge-Seebold 806. 

*stódiz adj.: ON gagn-stmor 'contrary'. 
Close to Av stáiti- 'standing', Lith stdčias 
id., Latv stdtis id., Slav *statb 'row, way, 
composure'. Continues *sta-ti-, cf. *stenan. 
Bartholomae 1605; Karsten NB II 
186-187; Pokorný I 1006; Trautmann 
BSW 283; Fraenkel 891; Vries ANEW 
558; Vasmer-Trubachev III 748; Leh- 
mann GED 324; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 
105, KZGV 120, 132-133; Heidermanns 
556. 

*stodjanan wk.vb.: Goth ana-stodjan 'to 
begin', ON stáda 'to establish'. Formally 
derived from *stb~dan or *stodiz. Feist 
44-45; Vries ANEW 558. 

*stólaz sb.m.: Gouh stols 'seat, chair, 
throne', ON stáli 'chair, stoof, OE stůl id., 
OFris stol id., OS stol id., OHG stuol id. 
Close to Lith pa-stolas 'stanď < *stálo-, 
cf. also Slav *stoh> 'throne, table, chair'. 
Further to IE *sta- 'to stand, to puť, see 



*stlnan. Torp-Falk 488; Holthausen 
AEEW 324; Feist 455-456; Pokorný I 
1007; Fraenkel 547-548; Vries ANEW 
551; Zalizniak I 135; Onions 872; 
Stang LS 55; Seebold 464; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 764-765; Lehmann GED 
327; Bammesberger Nom. 76; Kluge- 
Seebold 804. 

*stómón sb.m.: Goth stoma 'basis, sub- 
stance, újiÓotcxgic;', OHG gi-stuomi 'quieť. 
Close to Skt neut. sthaman- 'location', 
Gk aTr||i(ov 'warp in weaving', Lat stdmen 
id., Lith stomuo 'stature', Slav *stantb 
'permanent, stubborn'. Further based 
on IE *std- 'to stanď. See *stenan. 
Schroder ^DADL XLII 68 (from *stob- 
ma-)\ Trautmann BSW 282; Walde- 
Hofmann II 586; Feist 456; Mayrhofer 
III 526; Pokorný I 1007-1008; 
Fraenkel 912; Frisk II 796; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 744-745; Lehmann GED 
327; Bammesberger Nom. 184. 

*stóraz adj.: ON stórr 'great, potenť, OE 
stár 'great, strong, violenť, OFris stor 
'big, weighty', OLG stou 'famous'. Iden- 
tical with Lith stóras 'thick', Slav *starb 
'olď (Meillet Etudes 404). Cf. *stanaz. 
Karsten NB II 251; Torp-Falk 479; 
Persson Beitráge 707, 711; Trautmann 
BS]\ r 282; Feist 50-51; Holthausen 
AEEW 324, AWN2M; Pokorný I 1008; 
Fraenkel 913; Vries AJ\EU l 551-552; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 747; Lehmann 
GED 37-38; Stang LS 55; Heidermanns 
557-558. 

*stórjanan wk.vb.: ON stcera 'to swell', 
OHG stuorren 'to support'. Derived from 
*storaz. Structurally close to Slav *stariti s$ 
'to become olď. Heidermanns 558. 

*stówjanan wk.vb.: Goth stojan 'to judge', 
OE stówian 'to hold back, to restrain', 
MLG stówen 'to heap up', OHG stouwen 
'to complain'. Derived from *stowo 
(Brugmann Grundnfi II/I 202, 207). 
However, can be structurally close to 
Slav *staviti 'to put, to pláce', Lith stóviu, 
stoveti 'to stand, to stand still' (Zubatý 
BB XVIII 247). Grienberger Got. 198; 
Persson Beitráge 563, 713; Mikkola 



stowjanan 



380 



straumaz 



Festschr. Streitberg 269-270; Torp-Falk 
493; Trautmann BSW 273; Holthausen 
AEEW 324; Feist 455; Pokorný I 1008; 
Fraenkel 915—916; Vasmer-Trubachev 
III 742; Lehmann GED 327; Kluge- 
Seebold 790. 

*stówó sb.f.: ON eld-stó 'stove', OE stów 
'pláce', OFris sto id. Derivationally 
close to Gk cxoá, Aeol atcoia 'roof colon- 
nade, storehouse, courť < *aTcopá, Lith 
stová 'pláce, stanď, Latv stávs 'height, 
shape', Slav *staifb 'stanď. Further con- 
nected with *stá- 'to stanď, see *stenan. 
Brugmann Grundúfi I 322; Helten PBB 
XXX 246 (to Gmc *pauwaz 'custom': 
OE peáw); Torp-Falk 493; Trautmann 
BSW 283; Holthausen AEEW 324; 
Pokorný I 1008; Fraenkel 915; Vries 
ANEW 549; Frisk II 800; Seebold 465; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 742; Lehmann 
GED 324. 

*strak(k)az adj.: Norw strak 'tighť, OE 
strtec 'strict, harď, MLG strak 'tight, tauť, 
OHG jřam-strah 'rigiď. Substantivized 
in WGmc: OE strtec 'strictness, rigor', 
MLG strak 'penalty', OHG strach id. 
Identical with Slav *strogb 'stricť. Hirt 
PBB XXIII 306-307 (eventually, to *ster- 
'to stretch'); Torp-Falk 497; Persson 
Beitrage 432; Holthausen AEEW 324; 
Wissmann NP 191; Pokorný I 1023; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 779-780; Lúhr 
Expr. 230-231; Heidermanns 559. 

*strakkjanan wk.vb.: Norw strekkja 'to 
stretch', OE streccan 'to hold out, to 
extenď, OFris strekka 'to stretch', MLG 
stricken id., OHG strecken id. Derived 
from *strak(k)a Z . Hirt lig. Gr. I 332 (to 
*rakjanan); Torp-Falk 497-498. 

*stramhaz adj.: Norw dial. sbst. stramb 
'strong smelT, MLG stram 'strong, power- 
ful'. Close to OPrus strambo 'stubble', 
Lith strampas 'club, truncheon' (Persson 
Beitrage 440). Torp-Falk 499; Pokorný 
I 1025-1026; Fraenkel 919, IFUX 95. 

*stranďiz ~ *strandaz sb.f./m.: ON 
strqnd 'border, edge, coast, stranď (traces 
of z-stem and root stem), OE neut. strand 
'strand, shore', MLG strand id. Unless 



a chain of internal borrowings (ON > 
OE > MLG), connected with *strendo. 
Jensen NTFX. 20 (to Yjaxjrons 'foreheaď); 
Torp-Falk 499; Holthausen AEE)V 
325; Schroder NGWG 1941 294-296 
(WGmc < ON); Pokorný I 1030; Vries 
ANEW 555 (to Olr srath 'bottom of the 
valley'); Zalizniak II 210; Onions 873; 
Ktuge-Seebold 800. 

*stran3a-likaz adj.: ON strang-ligr 'strong, 
severe', OE stren^-líc 'strong, firm', OHG 
streng-lih id. Derived from *stran^az. 
Heidermanns 560. 

*stran3az adj.: ON strangr 'strong', OE 
strany id., OS strang id., OHG strang, strengi 
id. Related to Latv strangs 'brave, fresh'. 
Further can be analyzed as a deverbative 
(see *strari3Íz). Karsten MB II 377-378; 
Zupitza Gutt. 180; Torp-Falk 498; 
Holthausen AEEW 325; Pokorný I 
1036; Vries ANEW 552; Onions 876; 
Lúhr Expr. 161; Heidermanns 560-561; 
Ktuge-Seebold 801-802. 

*stran3Íz sb.m.: ON strengr 'string, cord, 
ropě', OE stren.3 id., MLG strank id., 
OHG strang id. Related to Lat stringo 
'to draw tight, to binď and, further, to 
*stransaz. Zupitza Gutt. 180; Persson 
Beitrage 866; Torp-Falk 498-499; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 325; Walde-Hofmann II 
604-605; Pokorný I 1036; Vries ANEW 
552; Onions 876; Heidermanns 560; 
Fvluge-Seebold 800. 

*stran3Janan wk.vb.: ON strengja 'to 
string, to fasten', OHG gi-strengen 'to 
strengthen'. Derived from *stran^az. 
Torp-Falk 498; Vries ANEW 552; 
Heidermanns 560. 

*straumaz sb.m.: ON straumr 'stream, 
currenť, OE streám id., OFris strám id., 
OS strom id., OHG stroum id. From IE 
*sroumo-. Etymologically connected with 
Gk peCjia id., Thrac Ztpviiráv (river- 
name), Alb rrymé' 'flow (of water)' < 
*srúmá, Olr srúaim 'river', Lith sraumuo 
'stream, brook', Latv stráume 'river, 
stream', Slav *strumy, gen. *strumene 
'brook'. These forms are further derived 
from IE *sreu- 'to flow'. Tomaschek 



straumaz 



381 



stndanan 



Thr. 11/ 2 99; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 82; 
Buga RFVIXXV 147; Torp-Falk 502; 
Kluge Nom. Stamm. 46-47; Trautmann 
BSW 279-280; Holthausen AEEW 325; 
Detschew Thr. 483-485; Pokorný I 
1003; Fraenkel 887; Vries ANEW 552; 
Zalizniak I 135; Frisk II 650-651; 
Onions 874; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
783-784; Bammesberger Nom. 71; Orel 
AED 392; Keuge-Seebold 803. 

*straupjanan wk.vb.: Norw streypa 'to 
pinch, to squeeze', ME stupe 'to strip', 
MDu stroopen id., OHG stroufen 'to pluck, 
to gather'. Related to Lith strúbas 'closely 
cuť. Pokorný I 1027; Onions 876. 

*strawan sb.n.: Goth fem. straua 'funeral 
feasť, ON stra 'straw', OE streáw id., 
OFris stře id., OS stro id., OHG střou, sto 
id. Etymologically connected with Lat 
struo 'to build up', OBret pret. strovis 'to 
spread ouť derived from IE *sterH- id. 
The originál meaning ('something spread 
ouť) is revealed by the derivative *straw- 
janan. Grimm Kl. Schr. III 135 (on the 
Gothic word); Niederle Star. II 1 36-1 39 
(Goth < Slav *strava); Keuge IF IV 309 
(separates streáw- in OE streáw-beri^e 
'strawberry' as continuing *sra^wa- ~ Lat 
frágum 'strawberry planť); Torp-Falk 
502; Holthausen AEEW 325; Walde- 
Hofmann II 607-608; Feist 456-457 
RooTH Strawa 37-52; Pokorný I 1031 
Vries ANEW 552; Zalizniak I 146 
Onions 874; Lehmann GED 327-328 
Kluge-Seebold 802. 

*strawjanan wk.vb.: Goth straujan 'to 
spread, to strew', ON stá 'to strew' (< 
*strawenan, new form based on pret.), 
OE streáwian id., OFris strava id., OS 
prét. stroidun id., OHG strewen, strouwen 
id. Derived from *strawan. Torp-Falk 
502; Holthausen AEEW 326; Feist 456; 
Pokorný I 1031; Vries ANEW 552; 
Onions 875; Lehmann GED 327; Kluge- 
Seebold 802. 

*strenďo sb.f.: ON strind 'earth, lanď. 
Related to Olr třít 'herd', without initial 
*í-. Torp-Falk 499; Pokorný I 1030; 
Fraenkel 1118 (Lith trénta 'pláce, area' 



< G dial. trent 'area, step'); Zalizniak II 
210. 

*streukanan str.vb.: ON stijúka 'to stroke, 
to rub, to wipe'. Related to Toch A 
sruk- 'to kill', B sruk- 'to die', Gk 
aTpeúyonou 'to be squeezed out in drops', 
Slav *strbgati 'to plane' (Schmidt Voc. I 
161). Zupitza Gutt. 28, 168; Torp- 
Falk 503; Jóhannesson IEW 878-881; 
Pokorný I 1028-1029; Vries ANEW 
554; Frisk II 807-808; Seebold 478- 
479; Vasmer-Trubachev III 779; TAdams 
TB 722-723. 

*strěló sb.f.: OE streél 'arrow', OS strála 
id., OHG strál id., strála id. Identical 
with Lith střela 'arrow' (if not from 
Slavic), Slav *stréla 'arrow' (Kuhn K£ I 
540). Furdier connections are uncertain. 
Persson Beitráge 449; Torp-Falk 500; 
Trautmann BSW 289; Holthausen 
AEEW 324; Pokorný I 1028; Fraenkel 
920-921; Zalizniak II 175; Stang LS 
55; Vasmer-Trubachev III 774; Kluge- 
Seebold 800. 

*strikójanan wk.vb.: Norw strika 'to stop'. 
Identical with Lat strigo 'to hold up, to 
halt, to stop' (Persson Beitráge 458-460). 
Walde-Hofmann II 604; Pokorný I 
1036; Dybo BSA 173. 

*strik(w)iz sb.m.: Goth striks 'stroke, 
hook, šerif, OHG střih 'line, stroke, cuť. 
Related to *stňk(w)anan. Cf. Lat striga 
'row of grain or hay cut down, a swath, 
windrow'. Torp-Falk 501; Feist 457; 
Walde-Hofmann II 603; Pokorný I 
1028-1029; Zalizniak II 197; Seebold 
476; Lehmann GED 328; Bammesberger 
Nom. 120. 

*strin5n sb.m.: Swed dial. střena 'stripe 
on the skin', MDu strene 'strand, skein', 
OHG střeno id. Of unknown origin. 
Torp-Falk 500; Pokorný I 1028. 

*strídan sb.n./m.: ON stříd 'woe, grief, 
strife, combať, OFris stňd 'quarrel, fighť, 
OS stňd id., OHG strit id. Derived from 
*stňdanan. Persson Beitráge 442 (to Slav 
*trizna 'wake, contesť); Meillet Etudes 
448; Vries ANEW 553; Seebold 475. 

*stričtanan str.vb.: OSwed stríia 'to quar- 



stridanan 



382 



stufon 



rel', OE střídán 'to get by force, to pillage, 
to rob', OFris střída 'to quarrel', MLG 
studen id., OHG stritan id. Historically 
identical with *stridanan > OE střídán 
'to stride', MLG striden 'to set the legs 
wide aparť in its metaphoric meaning. 
Uhlenbeck PBB XX 328-329 (to Lat lira 
'earth thrown up between two furrows, a 
ridge'); Torp-Falk 501; Holthausen 
AEEW 326; Jóhannesson IEW 873-878; 
Pokorný I 1026; Vries ANEW 553; 
Onions 875; Seebold 475-476; Kluge- 
Seebold 801 (to Lith strainús 'decorated, 
furbisheď). 

*stridaz adj.: ON stríSr 'strong, hard, 
stubborn', OHG ein-striti 'tenacious, 
rebellious'. Derived from *stndanan. 
Vries ANEW 553; Heidermanns 561. 

*strídjanan wk.vb.: ON střída 'to harm, 
to punish', OFris střída 'to quarrel, to 
dispute', OS strídian id. Derived from 
*stňdaz. Torp-Falk 501; Heidermanns 
561. 

*strik(w)anan str.vb.: ON strýkva, strýkja 
'to flog, to punish' (wk.), OE strkán 'to 
make a stroke', OFris stňka 'to strike', 
MLG striken id., OHG stňhhan 'to smear, 
to wheť. Connected with Lat stringo 'to 
stroke, to touch', Slav *sbigq, *strigti 'to 
cut (hair), to shear'. Zupitza Gutt. 94; 
Torp-Falk 500; Meillet MSL XIV 
350; Trautmann BSW 289; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 326; Walde-Hofmann II 
604-605; Jóhannesson IEW 878-881; 
Pokorný I 1028-1029; Vries ANEW 
554; Onions 876; Seebold 476-477; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 778; Lehmann 
GED 328; Kluge-Seebold 801. 

*stripon sb.f./m.: Norw stňpa 'stripe', 
MLG stripe id., MHG strife id. Close to 
Olr sríab id. < *streibá. Torp-Falk 501; 
Pokorný I 1029. 

*strumpaz sb.m.: Norw strop 'measure', 
EFris struinp 'stump', MLG strump 
id., MHG strumpf id. Identical with 
Latv strumps 'shorť. Torp-Falk 504; 
Pokorný I 1027. 

*strunkaz sb.m.: Icel strokkr 'small wood- 
en vessel', MLG strunk 'stock of a large 



planť, MHG struno 'tirsus'. Derived from 
*strawjanan? Torp-Falk 503. 

*strut(t)5janan wk.vb.: Swed strutta 'to 
struť, ME strut 'to abounď, OS stroton 'to 
be talkative', MHG strozzen 'to abounď. 
Of imitative origin. Pokorný I 1027; 
Kluge-Seebold 803 (to *prútanan). 

*strutaz sb.m.: ON strútr 'a kind of hood', 
ME strút 'swelling', MHG strúz 'resist- 
ance, quarrel'. Related to *strut(t)ajanan. 
Torp-Falk 503; Pokorný I 1027; Vries 
ANEW 553 (to Lith strustis 'stripes of bašt 
in the sieve'). 

*stubbaz ~ *stubbon sb.m.: ON stubbr 
'stump', stubbi id., ME stubbe id., MLG 
stubbe id. Related to Lith stúburas 'back- 
bone, spině', Latv stuburs 'stump'. See 
*stúfaz. Torp-Falk 496; Trautmann 
BSW 290; Holthausen AEEW 328; 
Martinet Gém. 196; Pokorný I 1035; 
Fraenkel 928; Vries ANEW 555; 
Onions 877; Kluge-Seebold 804. 

*stubjuz ~ *stubjan sb.m./n.: Goth 
stubjus 'dusť, MLG stubbe id., OHG stubbi 
id. Derived from *steubanan ~ *stuianan. 
Torp-Falk 497. 

*studilaz sb.m.: ON studili 'prop, stuď, 
MHG studel 'post, door-posť. Cf. OS tan- 
stuthili 'row of teeth'. Derived from *studo. 
Torp-Falk 495; Vries ANEW 555. 

*stuďjanan wk.vb.: ON stydja 'to steady, 
to prop', OHG gi-studen 'to establish'. 
Derived from *studo. Persson ]Vurze- 
lerw. 144; Vries ANE1V 557; Kluge- 
Seebold 806. 

*stučtó sb.f.: ON stoS 'post, prop', OE stod 
'post'. Related to Latv stuk 'post, prop'. 
Or derived from *standanan with an un- 
expected vocalism? Torp-Falk 495; 
Holthausen AEE]V 323; Pokorný I 
1009; Vries ANEW 550; Onions 877; 
Seebold 461; Kluge-Seebold 806. 

*stufon sb.f: ON stofa 'sitting-room', OE 
stofa 'bathroom' (mase.), MLG stove 
'heated room', OHG stuba 'bauhroom, a 
heated room'. Borrowed from Rom 
*extufa, cf. Ital stufa 'bath(room)', Fr étuve 
id. Meyer-Lůbke REW 270 (to *steu- 
banan ~ *stúbanan)\ Schuchardt Z^^f- I 



stufon 



383 



sturčto 



66-67 (against Meyer-Lůbke); Van Wijk 
IF XXIV 35; Holthausen AEEW 323; 
Martynov Slav.-germ. 1 22 — 1 23 (from 
Slav *jbstt>ba 'hut, room'); Onions 872; 
Kluge-Seebold 804. 

*stu3Jaz adj.: ON styggr 'shy', MDu stugge 
'stubborn, stiff, unfriendly'. Related to 
Skt stúkd 'tuft of wool, of hair', Lidi stúkis 
'stump', stúkas 'shorť. Karsten NB II 
446; Torp-Falk 494-495; Jóhannesson 
IEW 862-863; Pokorný I 1032; Polome 
Language XXV 187-188 (to *sturaz) 
Mayrhofer III 516; Pokorný I 1032 
Fraenkel 930; Vries ANEW 557 
Heidermanns 490 (ON < *skewwaz, adds 
G scheu 'shy'). 

*stukkaz sb.m.: ON stokkr 'trunk, block, 
log of wooď, OE stoce 'stock, trunk, log', 
OFris stokk 'stick, stump', OS stokk 'stock, 
trunk, log', OHG stoč id. With an irregu- 
larity in the inlaut geminate, related to 
Skt stúkd 'tuft of wool, of hair'. See 
*stuýaz. Zupitza Gutt. 28; Torp-Falk 
494; Holthausen AEEW 323; Marttnet 
Gem. 87, 196; Mayrhofer III 516 
Pokorný I 1033 (to IE *steu-g-), 1035 
Vries ANEW 550; Zalizniak I 136 
Onions 871; Lúhr Expr. 231; Heider- 
manns 563; Kluge-Seebold 797 (to Skt 
tujáti 'to strike, to hit'). 

*stukkjan sb.n.: ON stykki 'piece', OE 
stycee id., OS stukki id., OHG stucki id. 
Derived from *stukkaz. Torp-Falk 494; 
Holthausen AEEW 328; Martinet Gém. 
197; Pokorný I 1033; Vries ANEW 557; 
Zalizniak I 145; Onions 871; Kluge- 
Seebold 804. 

*stukkójanan wk.vb.: ON stokka 'to 
build, to raise', ME stocken 'to put to- 
gether, MLG stocken id., OHG sama- 
stocken id. Derived from *stukkaz. Vrdís 
ANEW 550. 

*stulpón sb.m.: ON stólpi 'post, pillar', 
ME stolpe id., MLG stolpe id. Close to 
Lith dial. stulbas id., Slav *stblb~b 'pole, 
post' (Forstemann K^ XLX 355). Tamm 
UUÁ 1881 31 (ON < Slav *stblpb); 
Torp-Falk 489; Trautmann BSW 290- 
291; Specht K7 LXVIII 123; Stender- 



Petersen Slav.-germ. 279-281 (Lith < 
Gmc); Pokorný I 1020; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 82; Fraenkel 930; Vries ANEW 
551; Stang LS 56; Vasmer-Trubachev 
III 765; Kluge-Seebold 805. 

*stundó sb.f: ON stund 'period of time, 
while, hour' (pardy *stuniiz), OE stund 
id., OFris stunde id., OS stunda id., 
OHG stunta id. Derived from *stenan, 
*standanan. Torp-Falk 477; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 327; Pokorný I 1005; 
Vries ANEW 556; Zalizniak II 194; 
Meter ASNSL CCII 428-431 (from Rom 
*extunda 'short period of time': OSard 
istunda, Catal estona, Cors stonda); Heider- 
manns 552; Kluge-Seebold 805 (follows 
Meter). 

*stunčtójanan wk.vb.: ON stunda 'to pro- 
ceed, to strive', OE á-stundian 'to astound, 
to grieve'. Derived from *stundo. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 328. 

*stunjanan wk.vb.: ON stynja 'to groan', 
OE stunian 'to erash, to resounď, MLG 
stonen 'to moan'. Derived from *stenanan. 
Cf. also derivatives: ON stynr 'groan', OE 
Se-stvn 'noise, stun'. Torp-Falk 481; 
Holthausen AEEW 328; Pokorný I 
1021; Vries ANEW 557. 

*stuntaz adj.: ON stuttr 'short, stunted, 
scanť, OE stunt 'foolish, stupiď, NFris 
stdnt 'shorť, MHG stunz id. Probably 
derived from *stautanan. Kock ANF XI 
3 1 7 (ON stuttr by analogy, instead of 
*stottr); Karsten NB I 13-14; Torp-Falk 
482; Holthausen AEE]V 328; Pokorný 
I 1033-1034; Vries ANEW 556-557; 
Vries ANEW 556-557 (to Skt tudáti 'to 
push, to strike'); Onions 878; Lůhr Expr. 
102; Heidermanns 564-565. 

*stuntjanan wk.vb.: ON stytta 'to short- 
en', OE styntan 'to make duli, to become 
duli'. Derived from *stuntaz. Ehrismann 
PBB XVIII 216 (to Lat tundo 'to beat, to 
strike', also with nasalization); Torp-Falk 
482; Holthausen AEEW 328; Vries 
ANE]V 558; Heidermanns 565. 

*sturdó sb.f: ON storS 'young wood, plan- 
tation, earth (grown with brushwood)'. 
Close to Gk axóp9r| ■ xó óč;t> xoí> 8ópaxo<;, 



sturdo 



384 



stupán an 



KOii Ějti5opaxí<; (Hes.) < *stordha (Lidén 
SVSUVl/l 17). See *sterta Z I. Pokorný 
I 1024; Vries ANEW 551; Frisk II 802. 

*sturjanan vvk.vb.: OE styrian 'to stir, to 
move', OS Jar-sturian 'to subverť, OHG 
ir-sturen 'to shake'. Related to Skt turáti 'to 
hurry, to press forwarď, turyate 'to run'. 
Torp-Falk 505; Holthausen AEE]V 
328; Mayrhofer 1514; Pokorný I 1101; 
Onions 870. 

*sturjaz ~ *sturjan sb.m./n.: ON styrr 
'tumult, stir', OE y-styr 'movemenť. 
Derived from *sturjanan. Vries ANEW 
558. 

*sturjón sb.f./m.: ON styrja 'sturgeon', 
OE styria id., MLG stor, strne id., OHG 
sturo, sturio id. Based on *sturjanan 'to stir, 
to move' (Falk AMF XLI 134). This der- 
ivation is motivated by one of the most 
striking features of sturgeon's behav- 
iour — its movements during the spawn- 
ing period'. Hirt IF XXII 69 (to Slav 
*osetrb 'sturgeon', Lith eršketas id.); Torp- 
Falk 505; Schrader-Nehring II 
484-485; Holthausen AEEW 328; 
Vries AJVEW 557; Zalizniak II 177; 
Witozak KZ CIV 106 (from *srHion-, cf. 
Lat sario 'salmon trout', from Gaulish); 
Kluge-Seebold 798-799. 

*sturkaz sb.m.: ON storkr 'stork', OE storc 
id., MLG stork id., OHG storah id. The 
originál meaning must háve been 'stiff 
birď, 'bird standing without moving'. 
Derived from *sterkanan. Kirohhoff KZ 
I 39; Fick I 57 (to Gk TÓpyoi; 'vulture'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 216; Torp-Falk 487; 
Holthausen AEEW 324; Pokorný I 
1023; Vries ANEW 551; Zalizniak I 
136; Onions 872; Seebold 473-474; 
WrrczAK K'Z CIV 107 (from *srgos, cf. Skt 
srjayá- 'a kind of birď, Rum barza 'stork' 
< Dacian); Kluge-Seebold 799. 

*sturknójanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-staurknan 
'to wither', ON storkna 'to coagulate', 
OHG part. er-storchenet 'numb'. Derived 
from *sturkaz (in its unattested originál 
meaning). See also *sterkanan. Torp- 
Falk 486; Feist 201-202; Pokorný I 
1023; Jóhannesson IEW 873-878; Vries 



ANEW 551; Onions 864; Seebold 473; 
Lehmann GED 149; Kluge-Seebold 788. 

*sturmaz sb.m.: Burg *storms 'storm', ON 
stormr id., OE storm id., OS storm id., 
OHG sturm id. Derived from *sturjanan. 
Torp-Falk 505; Holthausen AEEh r 
324; Pokorný I 1101; Vries AMW 551 
(to Lat turma 'troop, squadron, crowď); 
Zalizniak I 136; Onions 872; Witczak 
KZ CIV 107 (from *srmos, cf. Skt sárma- 
'going, running, flowing', Gk ópnř| 'rapid 
motion forwarď); Kobler 713; Kluge- 
Seebold 805-806. 

*sturmjanan wk.vb.: ON styrma 'to blow 
up for a gale, to storm', OE styrman 'to 
storm', MLG stormen id., OHG sturmen id. 
Derived from *sturmaz. Torp-Falk 505; 
Holthausen AEEW 328; Vries ANEW 
558. 

*sturrěnan wk.vb.: Goth and-staurran 'to 
confront, to glare ať, OHG storrěn 'to 
tower'. Related to *starraz. Torp-Falk 
486; Feist 50-51; Lehmann GED 37; 
Heidermanns 547; Kluge-Seebold 788. 

*stúfaz sb.m.: ON stúfr 'stump', MLG 
stúve id. Related to Skt stupa- 'shock of 
hair', Gk axvmoq 'stem, stump, block', 
Latv stups 'fag-enď (Fick I 145, III 
496-497). Zupitza Gutt, 35; Torp-Falk 
496; Mayrhofer III 516; Pokorný I 
1035; Vries ANEW 555; Frisk II 
813-814; Onions 877. 

*stúfjanan wk.vb.: ON stýfa 'to cut off, to 
chop off', MLG stuven 'to deaden'. De- 
rived from *stúfaz. Vries ANE]V 557. 

*stúkón sb.f: ON stúka 'sleeve', MLG 
stúke 'tree stump', OHG stuhha 'wide 
sleeve, kerchief. Connected with *stufaz? 
Torp-Falk 494; Kluge-Seebold 789. 

*stúpanan str.vb.: ON stupa 'to stoop' 
(hap. leg.), MDu stupen 'to stick ouť. A 
secondary strong verb related to *staupaz. 
Etymologically connected with Skt tupdti 
'to hurť, túmpati id., pra-stumpati 'to butť, 
Gk Ttijtxco 'to strike', Lat stupeo 'to stiffen', 
Slav *tbpati 'to stamp' despite Gmc *-p- 
of unknown origin. Torp-Falk 496; 
Walde-Hofmann II 609; Jóhannesson 
IEW 862-866; Mayrhofer I 512-513; 



stupanan 



385 



sumaz 



Pokorný I 1034; Vries ANEW 556; 
Frisk II 945-946; Onions 872; Seebold 
474. 

*stúraz adj.: Norw stur 'surly, saď, MLG 
stur 'stiff, stricť, OHG stúri 'strong, 
well-builť. Identical with Skt sthúrá- 'big, 
strong, thick', Osset stur 'big', Latv stúrs 
'stubborn'. Karsten NB II 250-251; 
Torp-Falk 493-494; Mayrhofer III 
530-531; Pokorný I 1009; Dybo VSJa 
26; Vries ANE]V 556; Schrijver LL 355 
(no expected shortening of pretonic *ú 
in Gmc); Heidermanns 566; Kluge- 
Seebold 805. 

*stútaz sb.m.: ON sti.tr 'bull; a stumpy 
thing', MLG stút 'thick part of the thigh, 
rump'. Derived from *stautanan. Torp- 
Faek 495; Vries ANEW 556. 

*sufjanan wk.vb.: ON syjja 'to become 
sleepy', EFris suffen id. Derived from *swe- 
fanan. Torp-Falk 548; Vrees ANEW 
572. 

*súflan sb.n.: ON suji 'garnish', OE sujel 
id., OS suval id., OHG sufil id. Related 
to Skt supa- 'broth, soup'. See *súpon. 
Torp-Falk 445; Holthausen AEElf 
329; Mayrhofer III 494-495; Pokorný 
I 913; Vries ANEW 559. 

*sufljanan wk.vb.: ON syfla 'to furnish 
with garnish', OE syflan id. Derived from 
*sůflan. Holthausen AEE\V 339; Vries 
ANEW 572. 

*su3an sb.n.: ON sog 'inleť, MHG suc 
juice'. Derived from *sú^anan. Torp- 
Falk 443; Vries ANEW 529. 

*su3elan sb.n.: Goth sugil 'sun, name of s- 
rune', OE si^el, se$l id. A variant of *sowe- 
lan ~ *sowelb~ (Schmidt K£ XXVI 9) with 
a difficult inlaut. On the other hand, cf. 
OE swe^le 'bright as the sun', swejel 
'heaven, sun', OS swigli 'lighť < 
*sweslaz. Sievers PBB VI 565-566 
(phonologically, Goth *sojil = sauil); 
Grienberger PBB XXI 216-217 (samé 
as Sievers), Got. 182; Wood MLN XVI 
306; Marstrander NTS I 149 (against 
connection to *sowelan ~ *sowelo)\ Holt- 
hausen ASNSL CXIII 43-44 (to *st 3 (w)a- 
nan), AEEW 293, 334; Uhlenbeck PBB 



XXX 311; Feist 457-458; Pokorný I 
881-882; Vries ANEW 529; Lehmann 
Phon. 48 (*-j- < *-Hu-\ GED 328; 
Hetdermanns 575. 

*SU3Ó sb.f: Norw dial. sugga 'sow' (with 
secondary gemination), OE sugu id., OS 
suga id., G dial. suge id. Close to Olr socc 
'pig', W hwch id., Corn hoch id., Bret 
houc'h id. < *sukku-. Further connected to 
*súz. Torp-Falk 443; Holthausen 
AEEW 329; Pokorný I 1038; Zalizniak 
II 210; Onions 849. 

*suxtiz sb.f: Goth sauhts 'sickness, disease', 
ON sótt id., OE út-siht 'diarrhea', OFris 
secht 'disease', OS suht id., OHG suht, suft 
id. Derived from *seukaz. Zupitza Gutt. 
165; Torp-Falk 442; Holthausen 
AEEW 293; Feist 412; Pokorný I 
915; Zalizniak I 151; Vries ANEW 
531; Seebold 399; Lehmann GED 296- 
297; Bammesberger Nom. 140; Kluge- 
Seebold 807; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*sulan sb.n.: OE sol 'mire, miry pláce', 
OFris sol 'muď, MLG sol id., OHG sol 
id. Cf. also ON pláce name Soleyjar. 
Related to Skt súrá 'spirituous liquor', Gk 
vXr] 'sediment, mud, slime', Lith sula 
juice, birch juice'. Trautmann BS)V 
291; Holthausen AEEW 306; Fraenkel 
940; Mayrhofer III 487; Pokorný I 
913; Vries AY£Tr 529; Frisk II 962- 
963; Kluge-Seebold 769—770. 

*suljanan wk.vb.: Godr ga-suljan 'to lay 
the foundation', ON sylla 'to furnish with 
a sill'. Related to *swelljo. Kjíetschmer 
KZ XXXI 417 (to Gk i5?iT| 'foresť); 
Grienberger Got. 92 (to Lat solum 
'bottom, ground, base'); Torp-Falk 446; 
Feist 202; Vries ANE]V 573. 

*sultjó sb.f: Norw dial. sylt 'saline swamp', 
MLG sulte 'saline, meat jelly', OHG sulza 
'saltwater'. Related to *saltan. Torp- 
Falk 437. 

*sumaz adj., pron.: Goth swns 'some, any', 
ON sumr id., OE sum id., OFris sum id., 
OS sum id., OHG sum id. Related to Toch 
A sam, B sám 'samé', Skt samá- 'equal, like, 
the samé, even', Av hamá- 'every, each', 
Gk čina 'together'. Bartholomae 1773— 



sumaz 



386 



sunctraz 



1774; Torp-Falk 434; Holthausen 
AEEW 329; Feist 458; Mayrhofer III 
436-437; Pokorný I 903; Vries ANEW 
561; Frisk I 83; Onions 845; Lehmann 
GED 328-329; Bammesberger Nom. 227; 
Bureak/F77« 260-261. 

*sumera-da3az sb.m.: ON sumar-dagr 
'summer day', latě ME summer-day id., 
MLG somer-dach id., MHG sumer-tac id. 
Compound of *sumeraz and *dajaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 79 (parallel formations). 

*sumera-lan3az adj.: ON sumar-langr 
'summer long', OE sumer-lan.3 'long as 
in summer', OS sumar-lang id., MHG 
sumer-lanc id. Compound of *sumeraz and 
Han^az. Carr Nom. comp. 90 (parallel 
formations). 

*sumera-tídiz sb.f: ON sumar-tíS 'sum- 
mer time', ME sumer-tíd id., MLG somer- 
tit id., MHG sumer-zít id. Compound of 
*sumeraz and *tiiiz. Carr Nom. comp. 79 
(parallel formations) 

*sumeraz sb.m.: ON sumair 'summer' 
(also neut. summ), OE sumer id., OFris 
sumur id., OS sumar id., OHG sumar id. 
Close to Arm amarn 'summer' < *s e m e rom. 
Further related to Skt sama 'half-year, 
year, season', Av ham- 'summer', Arm am 
'year', W haj 'summer'. Bartholomae 
1773; Torp-Falk 445; Holthausen 
AEEW 329; Mayrhofer III 437-438; 
Pokorný I 905; Vries ANEW 560-561; 
Zalizniak II 204; Onions 885; Kluge- 
Seebold 770. 

*sumerin3az ~ *sumerun3az sb.m.: 
ON sumrungr 'one summer old animal', 
OE symerin^-wyrt 'a kind of plant, Malva 
crispa'. Derived from *sumeraz. Vries 
ANEW 561. 

*sutner5janan wk.vb.: ON sumra 'to 
come (of summer)', ME someren id., MLG 
someren id., MHG sumeren id. Derived 
from *sumeraz. Vries ANEW 561. 

*sumlan sb.n.: ON sum(b)l 'banquet, sym- 
posium', OE symbel 'feast, banqueť (< 
*su?nljan), OS sumbal 'meal'. Continues 
*sm-lo- 'joint meal' related to *samaz, 
*samon. Torp-Falk 434 (from *semojan > 
OHG gi-semon 'to banqueť, to Gk i|/co|ió<; 



'morsel, biť, yróco 'to rub, to grinď); 
Holthausen AEE1V 340; Jóhannesson 
IEW 764; Pokorný I 903-904; Vries 
ANE1V 561; Frisk II 390. 

*sundan sb.n.: ON sund 'swimming', 
OE sund 'swimming, sea', MLG šunt 
'straiť (mase.). Continues *sumdan derived 
from *swemmanan. Torp-Falk 548-549; 
Holthausen AEEW 329-330; Vries 
ANEU' 561; Onions 848; Seebold 492; 
Bammesberger Nom. 77; Kluge-Seebold 
809. 

*sundaz adj.: OE ^e-sund 'sound, healthy', 
OFris sund id., OS gi-sund id., OHG gi- 
sunt id. Related to *sanpz. On the other 
hand, may be structurally identical with 
Hitt ašuwant- 'gooď < *esu-unt- (Seebold 
LuR 505). Torp-Falk 547; (to *swen- 
paz); Onions 848; Heidermanns 586; 
Fíluge-Seebold 321 (to IE *sghu-nt-). 

*sunďj5 sb.f: ON syn 'denial, protest', OE 
syn, synn 'misdeed, sin', OFris siřme id., 
OS sundia id., OHG sunta id. Related to 
*sunjaz, *sani>z. van Helten PBB XXX 
249 (to Gk atr| 'bewilderment, infatua- 
tion'); Fiok KZ XX 367-369 (from *sun- 
jaz); Sohrader KZ XX 467-469 (to Gk 
«áco 'to hurt, to damage'); Schroder KZ 
LVI 106-116 (to *skando); Torp-Falk 
430; Rossell UUÁ 1942/7 107; Holt- 
hausen AEE1V 340; Feist 459; Pokorný 
I 341; Vries ANEW 573; Zalizniak I 
149; Onions 828 (related to Lat sons 
'guilty'); Seebold Sprache XV 14-45; 
Lehmann GED 329-330; Kluge-Seebold 
809. 

*sundraz adj.: Goth adv. sundro 'asunder, 
alone, aparť, ON sundr 'asunder', OE 
sundor 'alone, aparť, OFris prep. sunder 
id., OS sundar id., OHG suntar 'remote, 
separate'. Continues a form with a com- 
parative suffix *-ter-, cf. Skt sanutár- 
'away, off, aside', Gk axep 'without, far 
from', W harmer 'half (Bugge BB III 120: 
reconstructs *sm-ter-, to *sem- 'one'). 
Schmidt KZ XXV 92 (samé as Bugge), 
XXXII 360 (identical with Gk atepoq 
'other, differenť < *sm-tero-); Bartho- 
lomae BB XV 16; Brugmann Grundúfi 



sundraz 



387 



sunuro 



11/ 1 324; Grienberger Got. 202 (samé 
as Bugge); Meringer IF XVIII 223 (to 
*snt- 'being'); Torp-Falk 444; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 330; Feist 458-459 
Mayrhofer III 427; Pokorný I 907 
Vries ANEW 561; Mayrhofer III 427 
Frisk I 178; Chantraine 381-382 
Onions 886; Lehmann GED 329; Kluge- 
Seebold 770-771. 

*sunctrjanan wk.vb.: Swed sondra 'to 
sunder', OE syndrian 'to sunder, to sepa- 
rate'. Derived from *suniraz. Torp- 
Falk 444. 

*sundr5janan wk.vb.: ON sundra 'to 
break asunder', OE sundrian 'to sunder, to 
separate', MLG sonderen id., OHG sun- 
taron id. Derived from *suniraz. Torp- 
Falk 444; Holthausen AEEW 330; 
Vries ANEW 561; Onions 886; Kluge- 
Seebold 771. 

*sunjó sb.f.: Goth fem. sunja 'truth'. 
Replaces the expected but unattested 
*sundjaz < *sritió-. The latter is identical 
with Skt satyá- 'true, reál', Av haiOya- 
'true' (Kluge PBB X 144). A zero grade 
form related to *sanpaz. Curtius Gr. Et. 
197-198 (to Gk áxeóg 'true'); Brugmann 
KVG 592 (to Lat sons 'guilty, criminal'); 
Meillet MSL XV 219-220 (to Gk oaio? 
'holý'); Meringer IF XVIII 223-224 
(samé as Brugmann); Bartholomae 
1760-1761; Torp-Falk 430; Helten 
PBB XXX 249; Feist 459; Frisk Wahrheit 
4-5; Mayrhofer III 422; Pokorný I 
341; Onions 846; Chantraine 380-381 
(to Gk éxeói; 'true'); Seebold Sprache 
XV 14—45 (interprets sunja as sb. 'truth', 
samé as Frisk); Lehmann GED 329- 
330; Bammesberger Nom. 202; Kluge- 
Seebold 809. 

*sunnón sb.f.: Godi sunno, dat. sg. sunnin 
'sun', ON sunna id., OE sunne id., OS 
sunno id. (mase), sunna id., OHG sunna id. 
Reflects an old ra-stem of the heteroclytic 
stem also attested in Av gen. x l 'mg id. as 
opposed to nom. x'an. In other Indo- 
European languages the /-stem is domi- 
nating: Skt súvar- id., Gk Hom ř|é^io<; 
id., Lat sól and the like. Bartholomae 



KZ XXVIII 12; Schulze KZ XXVII 
428-429 (< *sul-n); Brugmann Grundrifi 
11/ 1 303, 310 (reconstructs nom. *sunon, 
gen. *sun-n-ez, with later generalization of 
*-nn-)\ Schere Gest. 45—51; Schwentner 
ZdPh LXVI 1; Torp-Falk 444; Holt- 
hausen ASNSL CXIII 43-44 (from *sen- 
panan), AEEW 330; Pisani AAL XI 782 
(fem. in Goth); Walde-Hofmann II 
553-554; Feist 460; Mayrhofer III 
566-567; Pokorný I 881; Zalizniak II 
177; Vries ANEW 561-562; Frisk I 
631-632; Onions 885; Lehmann GED 
330; Bammesberger Nom. 180, 206; 
Ktuge-Seebold 771. 

*sunbaně adv.: ON sunnan 'from the 
South', OE súoan id., OS suthon id., OHG 
sundaná 'in the South'. Derived from 
*sunpiz. Torp-Falk 444; Holthausen 
AEEW 330; Vries ANEW 562. 

*sunbiz sb.n.: ON suor 'South', OE adv. 
súd 'soutíiwards', OFris súth id., súther id., 
OS adv. súth 'in the South', suthar-liuti 
'Southern people', OHG adv. sund 'in the 
South', adj. sundar 'southern'. Derived 
from *sunnón (Brugmann IF XVIII 423- 
426). Derivationally close to Toch A 
swáňce, B swáňco 'ray, sunbeam' < *sun-t- 
(Hilmarsson apud Adams TB 725). 
Schroder PBB XLVII 345 (to *swenpaz)\ 
Wood Language III 185 (from IE *snto-)\ 
Torp-Falk 444; Holthausen AEEh r 
330; Huisman A^LXXI 101 (to Gk ůitép 
'over'); Pokorný I 881; Vries ANEW 
559; Onions 848; Lehmann GED 330; 
Ktuge-Seebold 808. 

*sunbrjaz adj. comp.: ON sydri 'more 
southern', OFris súther 'southern'. De- 
rived from *sunpiz. Vries ANEW 572. 

*sun|5rónjaz adj.: ON suůramn 'southern', 
OE súderne id., OFris súthern id., OS 
súoroni id., OHG sundrdni id. Derived 
from *sunprjaz. Holthausen AEEW 
330; Vries ANEW 559. 

*sunuró ~ *swanuró sb.f: ON sonar- 
dreyri 'pig blooď, OE sunor 'herd of 
swine', OHG swanur 'herd'. Derived from 
*swinan, *súz. Torp-Falk 546; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 330; Fowkes 



sunuro 



388 



sukanan 



XXII 347 (to Skt suváti 'to set in motion, 
to vivify'); Vries ANEJ V 530 (to *saumaz). 

*sunuz sb.m.: Goth sunus 'son', ON sunr, 
sonr id., OE sunu id., OFris sunu id., OS 
sunu id., OHG sunu, sun id. Despite tíre 
difference in vocalism, continues (with 
oxytonic shortening) IE * sinus id.: Skt 
súmí-, Av hunu-, Lith súniis, Slav *sym>. 
Cf. also Toch B dim. somške id. 
Bartholomae 1831; Torp-Falk 441; 
Trautmann BS]\ t 292; Holthausen 
AEEW 330; Feist 460-461; Porzig 
Gliederung 166; Mayrhofer III 494; 
Pokorný I 913; Dybo VSJa 24 (pretonic 
shortening of *u in Gmc); Fraenkel 
941-942; Vries ANEW 530; Zalizniak I 
152; Onions 845; Benveniste IEL 
191; Vasmer-Trubachev III 817-818; 
Lehmann GED 330—331; Bammesber- 
ger Nom. 161; Kluge-Seebold 769; 
Schrijver LL 354 (follows Dybo); Adams 
TB 702. 

*supojanan wk.vb.: Goth supon 'to salt, 
to season', OHG soffon 'to špice, to 
enbalm'. Derived from *sup6n. Feist 
461; Lehmann GED 331. 

*supón sb.m.: ON sopi 'mouthful', 
OE šopa 'sup, draughť Derived from 
*súpanan. Torp-Falk 445; Holthausen 
AEEW 307; Vries ANEW 530; Seebold 
400; Lehmann GED 331. 

*suppón sb.f.: ON soppa 'sop', OE soppe 
id., MLG soppe 'soup', MHG soppe 
'soup'. Related to *supón. Torp-Falk 
445; Holthausen AEE]V 307; Onions 
846 (to *supanan); Lehmann GED 331. 

*sur3a-fullaz adj.: ON sorg-fullr 'sorrow- 
ful', OE sorh-full 'full of care, solicitous'. 
Compound of *sur^o and *fullaz. Carr 
Nom. comp. 60. 

*sur3ěnan wk.vb.: Goth saurgan 'to be 
worried, to care', ON sjrgja 'to sorrow, to 
mourn', OE sor^ian 'to care, to be anx- 
ious', OFris sorgia 'to sorrow, to mourn', 
OS sorgon id., OHG sorgen id. Derived 
from *sm^o. Torp-Falk 446; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 307; Feist 413; Vries 
ANEW 530, 574; Onions 847; Lehmann 
GED 297. 



*sur3Ď sb.f: Goth saurga 'care, sorrow', 
ON sorg 'sorrow, care' (z-stem), OE sors 
'sorrow', OS sorga id., OHG sorga id. 
Deverbative identical with Slav *sorgb 
'strict, severe' based on *s(u)ergh- attested 
in Toch A sárk-, B sark- 'sickness', Lith 
sergú, sifgti 'to be ilT, Olr serg 'illness' (Fick 
III 329). Kjrchhoff KZ I 39; Schmidt 
Voc. II 76; Zupitza Gutt. 179, BB XV 
104-105; Torp-Falk 446 (to Skt surksati 
'to be saď); Trautmann BS]V 258; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 307; Feist 413; Pokorný 
I 1051 (to Skt surksati 'to také care of); 
Fraenkel 787; Vries ANEW 531; 
Zalizniak II 198; Onions 847; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 722; Hamp IF LXXLX 
154-155; Lehmann GED 297; Lindeman 
/í"XCVm 52 (< *surgh-); Bammesberger 
Nom. 110; Fvluge-Seebold 772; Burlak 
IFTJa 261. 

*suj}an ~ *sudan sb.n.: ON sod 'meat 
broth', OE ^e-sod 'cooking, boiling', 
OFris soth 'broth', OS soth id., OHG sod 
id. (mase). Derived from *seupanan. 
Torp-Falk 443; Holthausen AEEW 
306; Vries ANEW 528; Seebold 401; 
Bammesberger Nom. 57. 

*súct5 sb.f: ON súd 'clinching of a ship's 
boards', MHG suté 'seam'. Derived from 
*siwjanan. Structurally close to Lat part. 
sútus 'sewn'. Torp-Falk 441; Walde- 
Hofmann II 631; Pokorný I 916; Vries 
AVEir559. 

*sÚ3anan str.vb.: ON súga 'to suck', OE 
sújan id., OS sugan id., OHG súgan id. A 
variant of *súkanan. Zupitza Gutt. 139; 
Torp-Falk 443; Holthausen AEEW 
329; Jóhannesson IEW 773-775; Po- 
korný I 912-913; Vries ANEW 560 (to 
Lat súcus 'juice, moisture, sap', Liuh sun- 
kiú, suňkti 'to squeeze ouť); Onions 882; 
Seebold 398; Kluge-Seebold 706. 

*súxsló(n) sb.f: ON sýsl, sýsla 'business, 
work', OE súsl 'tormenť. Related to 
*seukaz. Holthausen AEEW 330; Leh- 
mann GED 297. 

*súkanan str.vb.: OE súcan 'to suck', 
MDu suken id. Related to Lat sugo id., 
Olr súgim id. (Brugmann 11/ 3 128). 



sukanan 



389 



swaimojanan 



Zupitza Gutt. 169; Torp-Falk 443; 
Holthausen AEEW 329; Walde- 
Hofmann II 622; Pokorný I 912-913; 
Onions 882; Seebold 399. 

*súló ~ *súliz sb.f.: ON sul 'pillar', OE 
sýl id., OFris sele id., OS sul id., OHG sul 
id. Cf. also Goth sauls id. wiúh a short *«. 
Identical witii Gk \SA.T| 'wooď (Persson 
Beitrdge 383). Further probably connected 
to Lat solum 'floor', Gk bXía 'sole' (Hes.). 
Related to *swelljo. Torp-Falk 446 (to 
Gk čjvAóv 'wood, timber'); Holthausen 
AEEW 339; Walde-Hofmann II 554; 
Feist 412-413; Pokorný I 899 (to 
*selmon), 1046; Dybo VSJa 26; Vries 
ANEW 560; Zalizniak II 197; Frisk II 
962-963; Lehmann GED 297; Kluge- 
Seebold 706. 

*súpanan str.vb.: ON supa 'to drink, to 
sup', OE súpan id., OFris supa id., MLG 
supen id., OHG sufan id. See *supo(n). The 
origin of the word is not clear. Torp- 
Falk 444-445; Holthausen AEEW 330; 
Jóhannesson IEW 773-775; Pokorný I 
912-913; Vries ANEW 562; Onions 
886; Seebold 399-400; Lehmann GED 
331 (to IE *seu- 'to rain, to flow'); Kluge- 
Seebold 706. 

*súpo(n) sb.f.: ON supa 'soup', MHG suj 
'drink'. Looks similar to Skt supa- 'soup, 
broťh' but uhe unvoiced -p- creates a 
problém. Torp-Falk 445; Mayrhofer 
IE 494; Pokorný I 913; Vries ANEW 
562. 

*súra-au3Jaz adj.: ON súr-eygr 'blear- 
eyeď, OE súr-i^e id., OS sur-ogi id., OHG 
súr-ougi id. Compound of *súraz and 
*au$az. Persson UUÁ 1891 9 (to ON 
saun 'mud, dirť and *sú3an); Holthausen 
AEEW 330; Carr Nom. comp. 66; Vries 
ANEW 562. 

*súraz adj.: ON súrr 'acid, sour', OE sir 
'sour', MLG súr id., OHG sůr id. Related 
to Lith súras 'salty', Slav *syr~b 'wet, raw'. 
Cf. also Illyr rvn. Syr-apus (Krahe Glotta 
XX 188-189). FCarsten VB II 249- 
250, 451; Torp-Falk 446; Trautmann 
BSW 293-294; Buga RFV LXXV 148; 
Holthausen AEEW 330; Pokorný I 



1039; Dybo VSJa 26; Fraenkel 944- 
945; Vries ANEW 562; Onions 848; 
Seebold Festschr. Matzel 124-125; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 8 1 9y Heider- 
manns 568-569; Kluge-Seebold 706. 

*súz sb.f: ON sýr 'sow', OE sú id., OS sú 
id. (z-stem), OHG sú id. (z-stem). Related 
to Toch B suwo id., Av hú id., Gk bc, id., 
Alb thi (Forsterman KZ I 493). Hamel 
APS II 31-42; Fíretschmer Glotta XIII 
132-138; Bartholomae 1817; Torp- 
Falk 443; Holthausen AEEW 329; 
Pokorný I 1038; Vries ANEW 574; 
Zalizniak II 210; Frisk II 973-974; 
Onions 849; Grtepentrog IVurzelnomina 
373-393; Kluge-Seebold 705-706; 
Orel AED 477; Adams TB 698. 

*swafofoójanan wk.vb.: Norw svatba 'to 
splash', E swab 'to swab, to mop', MLG 
swabben. Related to Lat šupo 'to throw, to 
scatter', Slav *sypatí 'to pour, to strew'. 
Trautmann BS}V 293; Walde-Hofmann 
I 356; Pokorný I 1049; Onions 891. 

*swafojanan wk.vb.: ON svejja 'to lull to 
sleep', OE swebban 'to send to sleep, to 
lull, to kill', OS an-swebbian 'to fall asleep', 
OHG in-swebben 'to lull to sleep'. Causa- 
tive of *swefanan. Structurally close to 
Skt svápáyati 'to make sleep', Lat sopio 
'to make sleep'. Torp-Falk 548; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 334; Walde-Hofmann II 
561; Mayrhofer III 561; Pokorný I 
1048; Vries AME1V 566; Seebold 483. 

*swaiflójanan wk.vb.: ON sveifla 'to 
swing', EFris sweifeln 'to sway', MHG 
sweibeln id. Related to *swifanan. Vries 
XVEII'566. 

*swaÍ3Janan wk.vb.: ON sveigja 'to bend, 
to bow', ME sweigh 'to sweep, to swing'. 
Related to Lith svaigiú, svaígti 'to waver, to 
become dizzy' (Wood MLN XVI 21). 
Pokorný I 1042; Fraenkel 947; Vries 
ANEW 566; Onions 892. 

*swaimaz sb.m.: ON sveimr 'soaring, stir', 
MHG sweim 'soaring, rambling'. Derived 
from *swlmanan. Torp-Falk 553; Vries 
ANEW 566. 

*swaimójanan wk.vb.: ON sveima 'to 
wander, to soar', MLG sweimen 'to sway', 



swaimojanan 



390 



swampaz 



MHG sweimen 'to swing, to hover, to 
hang'. Derived from *swaimaz, *swimanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 331; Vries ANEW 
566-567. 

*swainaz sb.m.: ON sveinn 'boy, servant, 
attendanť, OE swán 'herd, swine-herď, 
OS swěn id., OHG swein 'servant, 
shepherď. Derived from *swinan. Torp- 
Falk 543 (from *sue- '(his) own', cf. Lith 
svainis 'brother-in-law'); Holthausen 
AEEW332; Pokorný I 884; Vries ANEW 
567; Zalizniak I 136; Onions 891. 

*swaipanan str.vb.: ON sveipa 'to sweep, 
to stroke, to wrap' (relic str. forms), OE 
swápan 'to sweep', OS pret. sg. for-suuěp 
'to drive ouť, OHG sweifan 'to wrestie'. 
Probably related to Av xšviwra- 'rapid', 
xšaěwayat-aštra- 'swinging the whip'. 
Bartholomae 563; Torp-Falk 555; 
Holthausen AEEW 332; Jóhannesson 
IEW 794-797; Pokorný I 1041-1042; 
Vries ANEW 567; Seebold 479-480; 
Lehmann GED 252-253; Kluge-Seebold 
749. 

*swaipaz I sb.m.: ON sveipr 'fold, 
hooď, OHG sweifdoaii. Substantivized 
*swaipaz II or direct derivative of *swai- 
panan. Torp-Falk 555; Vries ANEW 
567; Seebold 479; Lehmann GED 252- 
253. 

*swaipaz II adj.: ON aud-sveipr 'pliable, 
yielding', MHG wit-sweif 'wandering 
arounď. Derived from *swaipanan. 
Karsten NB I 112; Matzel Festschr. 
Schroder 107, K£ CV 128; Heidermanns 
571. 

*swaipjanan wk.vb.: ON sveipa 'to 
sweep, to stroke, to wrap', ME swépen 'to 
sweep', OHG gi-sweifen id. Causative of 
*swaipanan. Torp-Falk 555. 

*swaitaz sb.m./n.: ON sveiti 'sweať 
(< *swaitjari), OE swát id., OFris swět 
'sweat, perspiration', OS swět id., OHG 
sweiz 'sweat, blood of animals'. Identical 
with Skt švéda- 'sweať, Av x"aěSa- id. and 
further related to Arm k'irtn id., Gk Ion 
i8o? id., Lat súdor id., Alb djersě id. 
< PAlb *swidertjá, Latv sviedrí id. 
Connected with *switjanan. Bartho- 



lomae 1860; Torp-Falk 554; Traut- 
mann BS1\ r 295; Holthausen AEEW 333; 
Walde-Hofmann II 623-624; Mayr- 
hofer III 570; Pokorný I 1043; Vries 
ANE]V 567; Zalizniak II 179; Frisk I 
709-710; Onions 893; Kluge-Seebold 
749; Orel AED 69. 

*swaitjanan wk.vb.: ON sveitask 'to 
sweať, OE swdtan id., MLG smeten id., 
OHG sweizen 'to fry, to melť. Causative- 
iterative connected with *swaitaz, *swit- 
janan. Derivationally close to Skt svedayati 
'to make sweať. Torp-Falk 554; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 332; Pokorný I 1043; 
Vries ANE1\' 567; Onions 893. 

*swal3Íz sb.m.: ON svelgr 'swirl, whirl- 
pool', OE se-swel^e 'abyss, gulf (neut.). 
Derived from *swel^anan. Torp-Falk 
552; Seebold 489; Bammesberger Nom. 
134. 

*s\val(3)\v5n sb.f: ON svála 'swallow', 
OE swealwe id., OFris swale id., OS swala 
id., OHG swalawa id. Derived from 
*swel^anan. Saussure apud Vries (to Gk 
á^KVjróv 'mydrical bird, identified with 
the kingfisher, Alcedo ispida'); Wood 
MLN XXI 228 (to Latv svelpju 'to whis- 
tle'); Solmsen AfslPh XXIV 575-576 (to 
Slav *solovbjb 'nightingale'); Torp-Falk 
552-553; Holthausen ^££11' 333; Vries 
ANEW 563; Zalizniak I 156; Onions 
891; Kluge-Seebold 747. 

*swa-líkaz pron.: Godr swaleiks 'such', 
ON slíkr id., OE swelc, swilc id., OFris 
sulik, selik id., OS sulik id., OHG sulih 
id. Derived from *swo(ť). Zupitza Gutt. 
169; Torp-Falk 543; Holthausen 
AEEW 334; Feist 463; Vries ANEW 
515-516; Onions 882; Lehmann GED 
332; Kluge-Seebold 769. 

*swalljanan wk.vb.: ON svella 'to make 
swelT, OHG bi-swellen 'to block'. Derived 
from *swellanan. Torp-Falk 551; Vrles 
ANEW 567; Seebold 490. 

*swaltjanan wk.vb.: ON svelta 'to put to 
death', OE sweltan 'to die'. Causative of 
*sweltanan. Holthausen AEE]V 335; 
Seebold 491. 

*swampaz sb.m.: Goth swamms 'sponge', 



swampaz 



391 



swarmaz 



ON svqppr 'balí, sponge' (a-stem), OE 
swamm 'mushroom', MLG swatn, swamp 
'sponge', OHG swam, swamb 'fungus, 
mushroom'. Despite the difference in the 
inlaut consonantism, to be compared 
with Gk ao[i(póq 'swampy, porous' (Kuhn 
KZ IV 17; Curtius Gr. Et. 380). Luft 
KZ XXXVI 147 (to Lat fungus 'toadstool, 
mushroom' < *sg , 'hongo-); Kluge Glotta II 
55 (samé as Luft); Pedersen MPKJ I 
165—167 (to Lith gumbas 'sponge', Slav 
*gqba id.); Torp-Falk 549; Holthausen 
AEEW 332; Feist 463; Pokorný I 1052; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 109; Vries AMEW 
530; Frisk II 753—754; Lehmann GED 
332; Kluge-Seebold 747. 

*swanaz sb.m.: ON svanr 'swan', OE swan 
id., OS swan id., OHG swan, swano id. 
Identical with Skt svaná- 'sounď, Lat 
sonus id. (Suolahti DVM 408). Further 
related to Skt svánati 'to sounď, Lat sond 
id. Suolahti DVJV 408; Torp-Falk 
546; Holthausen AEE]V 332; Walde- 
Hofmann II 559; Porzig Gliederung 180; 
Pokorný I 1046-1047; Vries AMEW 
564; Onions 892; Bammesberger Mom. 
51; Kluge-Seebold 747. 

*swan3waz adj.: ON svangr 'thin, slender, 
slim', MLG swank 'unstable, waver- 
ing', MHG swanc id. Derived from 
*swen^wanan. Torp-Falk 547; Kluge- 
Seebold 748. 

*swan3wjanan wk.vb: Goth af-swaggwjan 
'to cause to waver', OE swen^an 'to 
cause to swing', OFris swenga 'to water', 
MLG swengen 'to rock, to waver', OHG 
swenken 'to beat, to whip'. Causative of 
*swensmanan. Johansson Beitr. Gesch. XV 
237 (to Skt váňcati 'to move crookedly'); 
Torp-Falk 547; Holthausen AEE1\' 
335; Feist 10; Onions 894; Seebold 493; 
Lehmann GED 7; Kluge-Seebold 750. 

*swankó ~ *swankiz sb.f./m.: Norw 
dial. svokk 'arch of the fooť, OE swenc 
'trial affliction', MLG swanc 'turn', MHG 
swanc 'swinging movemenť. Derived from 
*swenkanan. Torp-Falk 546-547. 

*swaran ~ *swaró sb.n./f: ON svar 
'answer', OE and-swaru id., OFris ond-ser 



id.. Derived from *swarjanan. Structurally 
close to Slav *svarb 'quarrel, fighť, *svara 
id. Osthoff BB XXIV 211-213; Torp- 
Falk 549; Holthausen AEEW 333; 
Pokorný I 1049; Vries AMEW 565; 
Onions 39; Seebold 481; Lehmann GED 
333; Bammesberger Mom. 63. 

*swarban sb.n.: ON jtJarffile-dusť, OHG 
pl. swarpun 'gurgitibus'. Derived from 
*swerbanan. Formally identical with Slav 
*svorb~b 'scab, rash'. Torp-Falk 551; 
Trautmann i?.S"T I ' 295; Seebold 495; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 583-584. 

*swarfo5janan wk.vb.: ON svarfa 'to 
sweep, to swerve', EFris swarven 'to move 
around', LG swarven id. Derived from 
*swerbanan. Vries AME1V 565. 

*swarďuz ~ *swarďó sb.m./f: ON 
svqror 'skin', OE sweard, sweard 'skin, hide', 
OFris swarde 'scalp', MLG swarde id., 
MHG swart 'scalp, bacon crusť. De- 
rived from *swerdanan. Torp-Falk 550; 
Holthausen AEEW 333; Pokorný I 
1050 (to OHG str. sweran 'to ache, to 
pain'); Vries AME1V 572 (to Latv serve 
'thick skin'); Onions 892; Kluge- 
Seebold 748. 

*swarjanan str.vb.: Goth swaran 'to 
swear' (secondary absence of j-present), 
ON sverja id., OE swerian id., OFris swera 
id., OS swerian id., OHG swerren id. 
Probably connected wiuh OESc dat. sg. 
sverunneí 'arbiter' < *suer-sb~n-, Slav *svara 
'quarrel'. Grienberger Got. 204 (to IE 
*uer- 'to speak'); Torp-Falk 549; Feist 
463-464; Holthausen AEEW 336, AWM 
290; Kluge 695-696; Krahe SuV 77; 
Jóhannesson IEW 803; Pokorný I 1049; 
Vrfes ANEW 568; Onions 892; Seebold 
480-482; Benveniste IEL 434, 475; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 569; Lehmann 
GED 333; Kluge-Seebold 752. 

*swarmaz sb.m.: Norw svarmr 'swarm', 
OE swearm id., MLG swarm id., OHG 
swarm id. Derived from *swarjanarí? 
Torp-Falk 549 (from *swarbmaz, cf G 
dial. swurbel id., or to Lith suma 'pipe, 
reed-pipe' < *suer- 'to sounď); Holt- 
hausen AEEW 333; Pokorný I 1049- 



swarmaz 



392 



swefanan 



1050 (to IE *suer- 'to sounď); Vries 
ANEW 565; Onions 892; Kluge- 
Seebold 748. 

*S"war5janan vvk.vb.: ON svara 'to 
answer', OE and-swarian id., OFris 
andswara 'to také responsibility'. Derived 
from *swaran ~ *swarB. Holthausen 
AEEW 333; Pokorný I 1049; Vries 
ANEW 565; Benveniste IEL 434. 

*swaron sb.m.: Goth ufar-swara 'perjurer', 
ON mein-svari id., OE áS-swara 'oaúY, 
OFris swara 'juror'. Derived from *swar- 
janan. Feist 510; Seebold 481; Bammes- 
berger jYom. 177-178. 

*swartaz adj.: Goth swarts 'black', ON 
svartr id., OE sweart 'black, dark', OFris 
swart 'black', OS swart 'black, dark', 
OHG swarz 'black'. Related to Lat sorděs 
'dirť, from *sordus < *suordo- 'dirty' 
(Schmidt KZ XLX 270). Further cf. 
Balkanic rvn. Bap8ápio<; < *(s)uordo-uori- 
'black water' (Georgiev Isseldov. 114). 
Curtius KZ I 268; Niedermann IF X 
230; Persson Beitrdge 167; Osthoff Etym. 
92—97 (to Lat sorbus 'sorb-tree' < *suord- 
uo-); Torp-Falk 550; Schwentner FB 
4-14; Feist 464; Holthausen AEEW 
334; Walde-Hofmann II 562-563; 
Szemerényi Kratylos II 122; Pokorný I 
1052; Chemodanov SGGJa I 91; Vries 
ANEW 565; Onions 892; Lehmann GED 
333; Heidermanns 574-575; Kluge- 
Seebold 748. 

*swartěnan wk.vb.: OHG ir-swarzěn 'to 
become black'. Derived from *swartaz. 
Structurally close to Lat sorděre 'to be 
dirty'. Walde-Hofmann II 562; Vries 
ANEW 530; Heidermanns 574. 

*swa{5an ~ *swaj)6 sb.n./f: ON svod 
'slide, a slippery pláce', OE swabu 'track, 
trace', swied id., OFris swethe 'boundary, 
track, trace', MLG swad 'row of 
mown grass', MHG mase. swade id. Of 
unknown origin. Torp-Falk 545 (part. 
of *swejanan > MLG swáien 'to swing'); 
Holthausen AEEW 333; Pokorný I 
1041; Onions 892. 

*swefolaz ~ *sweflaz sb.m.: Goth swibls 
'sulfur', OE swefel id., OS sweval id., 



OHG swebal, sweval id. Derived from IE 
*suep- 'to throw, to pour': Slav *sbpQ, 
*suti, Lith supů, súpti 'to rock, to swing', 
Lat šupo. For the semantic development 
cf. Slav *sěra 'sulphur' ~ Lat sérum 'whey' 
< IE *ser- 'to flow' (Trubachev Etim. 
1968 38-40). Slotty IF LI 147 (a 
Mediterranean JVanderworí); Zupltza BB 
XXV 93-94; Grienberger Got. 205 
(derived from *swefanan: sulfur vapors 
cause sleep); Much ~T > ADI XLII 165— 
166 (reconstructs *suelk"lo- > *swelblaz)\ 
Hirt lig. Gr. I 309 (related to Lat 
sulp(h)ur); Bruch Glotta XXI 72-75 (from 
*swe3wlaz, follows Hirt); Torp-Falk 
548 (reconstruct Gmc *swelplaz); Traut- 
mann BSW 293; Walde-Pokorny II 
533; Holthausen AEEW 334; Walde- 
Hofmann II 628; Feist 466-467; 
Pokorný I 909-910, 1046 (samé as 
Hirt); Fraenkel 943-944; Zalizniak 

I 136; Vasmer-Trubachev III 818; 
Lehmann GED 335; Kluge-Seebold 749; 
Adams TB 689-690 (to Toch AB sdlp- 'to 
be set alighť). 

*swefonaz sb.m.: ON svefn 'sleep', OE 
neut. swefen id., OS sweban id. Derived 
from *swefanan. Continues IE *suopnos ~ 
*suepnos ~ *supnos id.: Toch A spám, B 
spané, Skt svápna-, Av x"afna-, Gk i)7tvoq, 
Alb gjume, Lat somnus, Olr siían, Liťh 
sdpnas, Slav *s~brrb (Bugge K^, XX 
40-41). Meillet Etudes 383; Bartho- 
lomae 1863-1864; Torp-Falk 548; 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 94; Trautmann 
BSW 292; Holthausen AEEW 334; 
Walde-Hofmann II 557-558; Porzig 
Glwderung 179; Mayrhofer III 561-562; 
Pokorný I 1048; Fraenkel 762; Vries 
ANEW 566; Zalizniak II 172; Frisk 

II 970-971; Seebold 482; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 716-717; Bammesberger 
Nom. 73; Orel AED 138; Adams TB 666. 

*swefanan str.vb.: ON sofa 'to sleep', OE 
swefan id. Related to Hitt šup- 'to sleep', 
Skt svápiti id., Av -ap- id., Lat sopor 'sleep', 
Slav *sr>pati id. See *swebnaz. Bartho- 
lomae 1862-1863; Torp-Falk 548; 
Holthausen AEEW 334, AWN21X, 297; 



swefanan 



393 



swelanan 



Walde-Hofmann II 561; Jóhannesson 
IEW 800; Mayrhofer III 561; Pokorný 
I 1048; Vries AMEW 528; Seebold 
482-483; Vasmer-Trubachev III 732- 
733. 

*swefn5janan wk.vb.: ON sofna 'to fall 
asleep', OE swefnian 'to appear in a 
dream, to dream'. Derived from *swei- 
naz. Structurally close to Slav *ybnqti 'to 
fall asleep'. Vries AMEW 528; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 733. 

*swe3lojanan wk.vb.: Goth swiglon 'to 
play the flute', OHG swegalon id. Derived 
from *swe3lo. Frohde BB III 15, XIV 
111; Persson Beitráge 355; Torp-Falk 
554; Feist 467; Lehmann GED 335. 

*swe3l5(n) sb.f: OE swe^el 'music (?)', 
OHG swegala, swegel 'pipe'. An ono- 
matopoeic formation. Hardly related to 
Lat sibilus, sifilus 'hissing, whisding' (cf. 
súbuló 'flutísť < Etr supluj. Torp-Falk 
554; Holthausen AEE\Y 334; Walde- 
Hofmann II 531-532, 620; Pokorný I 
1040-1041; Lehmann GED 335. 

*swexr5(n) sb.f: Goth swaihro 'mother-in- 
law', ON svera id., OE swér id., swehor id., 
OFris swiár id. Cf. also *swe^ro > OE 
swejer id., MDu sweger id., OHG swigar id. 
Transformation of IE *suekru id.: Skt švaš 
ru-, Gk éropá, Arm skesur, Alb vjeherr, Lat 
socrus, W chwegr, Slav *svekry. Torp-Falk 
544; Schulze Kl. Schr. 60-62; 
Holthausen AEEW 334, 336; Walde- 
Hofmann II 550-551; Feist 462-463; 
Mayrhofer III 400-401; Pokorný I 
1043-1044; Trubachev Rod. 118-120; 
Vries AMEW 571; Zalizniak II 181; 
Frisk I 478-479; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
572; Benveniste IEL 201; Lehmann GED 
332; Bammesberger Mom. 179; Kluge- 
Seebold 751; Orel AED 510-511. 

*swexuraz sb.m.: Goth swaihra 'father-in- 
law' (fi-stem), OSwed svér id., svér, OE 
swehor, swéor id., MDu sweer id., OHG 
swehur id. Related to Skt švášura- id., Gk 
éicupóc; id., Alb vjeherr id., Lat socer id., 
Lith šéšuras id., Slav *svekrb id. continuing 
IE *suekuros. Zupitza Gutt. 191; Torp- 
Falk 544; Trautmann BSW 295; 



Holthausen AEEW 335; Schulze Kl. 
Sár. 69, KZ XL 400-401; Walde- 
Hofmann II 550-551; Feist 462-463; 
Mayrhofer III 400-401; Pokorný I 
1043-1044; Fraenkel 977; Zalizniak II 
179; Frisk I 478-479; Benveniste IEL 
201; Vasmer-Trubachev III 571-572; 
Lehmann GED 332; Kluge-Seebold 747; 
Orel AED 510-511. 

*sweknaz adj.: Goth swikns 'pure, inno- 
cenť, ON sykn 'innocenť. Continues 
*sue-gno-, a compound of refl. *sue- and a 
form of *gem- 'to give birth' as in Gk veo- 
yvóg 'newly born', Lat malí-gnus 'wicked, 
ill-disposeď, Gaul -cnos in proper names 
(e.g. Truticnos), Venet volti-xnos. Bugge 
A<;XX (1872) 34 (from *su- 'gooď and 
Hagno- as in Gk áyvói; 'pure, chaste, 
holý'); Bezzenberger BB IV 354 (to Gk 
aiyaXÓĚiq 'shining'); FvArsten JVB II 
211-212; Wood MLN XXV 75 (to 
*swik(w)anari); Frohde K^ XXIII 311 — 
312 (to Gk aenvóc; 'holý', oéponai 'to 
revere'); ZuprrzA Gutt. 199; Zubatý BB 
XVII 325-326 (to Slav *sve'žb 'fresh'); 
Torp-Falk 554; Mikkola IF XXIII 126 
(samé as Zubatý); Feist 467; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 336; Walde-Hofmann II 
16; Mezger Language XLX 261-262 (from 
*sue- and *gno- 'to recognize, to know'); 
Jóhannesson IEW 791 (to IE *su- 'good'); 
Pokorný I 375; Vries AJíEW 572; 
Lehmann GED 335-336; Mayrhofer 
Diachronica IV 249; Lůhr Expr. 339; 
HErDERMANNS 582 (reconstructs *swiknaz). 

*swekno sb.f: ON sykn 'absolution', 
OE swicn 'clearance from a criminal 
charge'. Substantivized *sweknaz. Torp- 
Falk 554; Holthausen AEE]V 336; 

HErDERMANNS 582. 

*swelanan str.vb.: OE swelan 'to burn', 
OHG pres. er-swilit 'obcaluiť. Identical 
with Skt svarati 'to shine', cf. also Lith 
sv{lu, svilti 'to singe, to smoulder'. Torp- 
Falk 551; Holthausen AEEW 334; 
Mayrhofer III 563; Pokorný I 1045; 
Fraenkel 954; Vries AMEW 564; 
Seebold 480; Kluge-Seebold 750; Dybo 
BSA 21. 



swel3anan 



394 



swenbaz 



*swel3anan str.vb.: ON svelgja 'to 
swallow', OE swellan id., MLG swelgen 
id., OHG fir-swelgan id. Unclear. 
Kirchhoff KZ I 39; Specht KZ LXVI 
25-26; Torp-Falk 552; Holthausen 
AEEW 334; Jóhannesson IEW 805; 
Pokorný I 1045; Vries ANEW 567; 
Onions 891; Seebold 488-489; Kluge- 
Seebold 750. 

*swellan sb.n.: ON svell 'lump of ice', 
OE ^e-swell 'swelling, tumor, MDu ge- 
swelle id. Derived from *swellanan. Vries 
AMEWb&l. 

*swellanan str.vb.: ON svella 'to swell', 
OE swellan id., OFris pres. swella id., OS 
swellan id., OHG swellan id. Derived from 
*swelanan? Curtius Gr. Et. 372 (to Lat 
salum 'open sea, high sea'); Sommer Gr. 
112 (to Gk aXiq 'enough'); Pokrowskij 
KZ XXXV 230-231 (to Lat insolesco 
'to become unusual'); Torp-Falk 551; 
Feist 513; Holthausen AEEW 334-335; 
Walde-Hofmann I 704-705 (to Lat 
insolms 'insolenť); Jóhannesson IEW 
806; Pokorný I 1045; Vries MEW 
567; Onions 893; Fraenkel II 758 (to 
Lith sálá 'to flow'); Seebold 489-490; 
Lehmann GED 373; Kxuge-Seebold 750. 

*swelljó sb.f.: ON syll, svili 'threshold, sill', 
OE syll 'sill, support', MLG sul, sulle id. 
(mase), OHG swelli 'sockle, foot-supporť 
(neut.). Connected with *sulo ~ *suliz. 
Torp-Falk 552; Holthausen AEE1\' 
340; Pokorný I 1046; Vries AMEW 573 
(to Gk azkxq 'cross-beam, junction'); 
Zalizniak II 211; Onions 827. 

*sweltanan str.vb.: Goth swiltan 'to die', 
ON svelta 'to starve, to die', OE sweltan 'to 
die', OS sweltan id., OHG swelz.au 'to 
burn slowly, to smoulder' (hap. leg.). De- 
rived from *swelanan. Pedersen KZ 
XXXLX 429 (to Arm k'alc' 'hunger' < 
*suld-sko-); Torp-Falk 552; Feist 468; 
Holthausen AEEW 335; Jóhannesson 
IEW 806-807; Pokorný I 1045; Vries 
A]ÍE]V 567-568; Onions 893; Seebold 
490-491; Lehmann GED 336. 

*swemmanan str.vb.: ON svimma, svima 
'to swim', OE swímman id., OFris swimma 



id., MLG swúmmen id., OHG swimman 
id. Secondary ablaut type based on *swi- 
manan. Torp-Falk 548—549; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 337; Walde-Pokorny 2 
254 (to Lith súmdyti 'to hunť); Marti- 
net Gem. 71; Jóhannesson IEW 801; 
Pokorný I 1046 (to Olr do-sennaim 
'to hunť < *-suemdh5); Fraenkel 788 
(against Walde-Pokorny); Vries A]ÍE]V 
570; Onions 893-894; Seebold 491-492; 
Lehmann GED 337; Kluge-Seebold 751. 

*swen3wanan str.vb.: OE swingem 'to 
swinge, to flog, to give a blow', OFris 
swinga 'to water', MLG swingen 'to swing', 
OHG swingan 'to flog'. Related to Skt svá- 
jate 'to embrace, to clasp' (Wood MP V 
285). Reichelt KZ XXXLX 78 (to Lith 
súkti 'to turn'); ZuprrzA Gutt. 70; Torp- 
Falk 547; Holthausen AEEW 338; 
Pokorný I 1047-1048; Onions 894 
(to *senkwanari); Seebold 493; Kluge- 
Seebold 752. 

*swenkanan str.vb.: OE swincan 'to 
toil, to labor'. Related to Olr seng 'slen- 
der, slim' < *suengo-. Torp-Falk 546; 
Pokorný I 1047. 

*swenpa-líkaz adj.: ON svinn-ligr 'sensi- 
ble', OE swíd-líc 'great, violenť. Derived 
from *swenlpaz. Heidermanns 577. 

*swen|3az adj.: Goth swinps 'strong', 
ON svinnr, svidr 'quick, swifť, OE swíd 
'strong', OFris adv. swithe 'very, harď, 
OS swith 'strong', MHG swint, swinde 
id. Related to *sundaz. An alternativě 
explanation based on Slav *svefb 'holý' 
is less probable. Grienberger Got. 206; 
Persson Beitrage 189, 587 (to Lith siuněiú, 
siysti 'to senď); Johansson Festschr. Bugge 
28 (to Av spento 'holý', Slav *svefb id.); 
Frohde BB XIV 109-1 10 (to Lat sonticus 
'hazardous'); Persson Beitrage 189 (to Skt 
suváti 'to set in motion'); Torp-Falk 547; 
Feist 468-469; Holthausen AEE1\ r 330, 
338; Kluge 262 (from *sghu-, to *segh- 'to 
capture'), 264; Specht 128 (to Lith svéikas 
'healthy'); Hoops EG V 82-83; Pokorný 
I 1048; Vries ANE]V 570; Onions 848; 
Phrainen 48-49; Seebold Sprache XXLX 
32-33; Lehmann GED 336; Bammes- 



swen^az 



395 



swebaz 



berger Mom. 251 (from *sm-tó- 'whole'); 
Heidermanns 577-578, 586; Kluge- 
Seebold 319. 

*swenbin sb.f.: Goth swinpei 'strength', 
MHG swinde id. Derived from *swenpaz. 
Feist 468; Lehmann GED 336. 

*swenbjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-swinjyjan 'to 
strenguien', OE swídan id. Derived from 
*swenpaz. Holthausen AEEW 338; 
Feist 468; Lehmann GED 336; Heider- 
manns 577. 

*swerbanan str.vb.: Goth af-swairban 'to 
wipe away', ON sverfa 'to filé, to whirl 
arounď, OE sweoifan 'to rub, to scour, to 
filé', OFris pres. swerva 'to crawl', OS 
pret. sg. swarfto wipe away', OHG swer- 
ban 'to wipe, to make dry'. Related to 
Slav *svbrběti 'to itch'. Kirchhoff KZ 
I 39; Persson UUA 1891 55 (to Gk 
aúpcpoí, Hes.); Much %DADL XLII 169 
(to ťhe unattested W chwerfu 'whirling, 
turning'); Zupitza Gutt. 57; Torp-Falk 
550-551; Feist 10—11; Holthausen 
AEEW 335; Jóhannesson IEW 805; 
Pokorný I 1050-1051; Vries AMEW 
568; Stang LS 57; Seebold 494-495; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 573; Lehmann 
GED 7. 

*swerďa-heran<lz adj.: ON sveri-berendr 
'warrior', OE sweord-berende 'sword-bear- 
ing'. Compound of *swerian and *beraniz, 
participle of *beranan. Carr Mom. comp. 
61. 

*swerďa-fatilaz sb.m.: ON sverd-fetill 
'sword-strap', MHG swert-vezzel id. Com- 
pound of *swerdan and *fatilaz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 52. 

*swerdan sb.n.: ON sverS 'sworď, OE 
sweord id., OFris swerd id., OS swerd 
id., OHG swert id. Etymologically close 
to Slav *svbrdbtb 'drill' < *surdh-ilo- 
(Sghrader-Nehring I 160). Krogmann 
KZ LLX 204 (to OHG sweran 'to hurt, to 
pain'); Lidén PBB XV 518 (to Lat sorbus 
'sorb-tree'); Sperber JVuS VI 39 (to 
*swarduz ~ *swardo); Pipping SMF XVI/2 
38 (samé as Lidén); Torp-Falk 550 (to 
Gk cřop 'sword'); Fvrogmann KZ LLX 204 
(to OHG sweran 'to ache, to pain'); 



Walde-Pokorny I 265; Holthausen 
AEEW 335; Pokorný I 1050; Vries 
AMEW 568; Zalizniak I 143; Onions 
894; Trubachev Rem. 155, 363, 375; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 573-574; Stang 
LS 57; Kluge- Seebold 751. 
*swerx(j)5n sb.m.: ON sviň 'neck, napě', 
OE sweora, swira id. Related to Alb z-verk 
'occipuť < PAlb *-swerka. Zupitza Gutt. 
50; Holthausen AEEW 337 (to Lat súrus 
'branch'); Pokorný I 1050 (to Skt sváru- 
'pole'); Vries AMEW 571 (to OE sweor 
'column, pillar', MHG swir 'riverside 
post'); Huld KZ CVII/1 165-171 (Alb 

< Goth *swairhs); Orel AED 526- 
527. 

*swestěr sb.f: Goth swistar 'sister', ON 
systir id., OE sweostor id., OFris swester id., 
OS swestar id., OHG swester id. Continues 
IE *suesor- id.: Toch A sar, B ser, Skt 
svásar-, Arm k'oyr, Gk eop- Stiyrétiip, 
avE\\iióq (Hes.), Lat soror, Olr siur, Lith 
sesuo, Slav *sestra. Generalized Gmc *-str- 

< *-sr- in oblique cases (Brugmann 
Grundrift I 776, 11/ 1 333). Pedersen Kelt. 
Gr. I 73; Torp-Falk 544; Trautmann 
BSW 258; Holthausen AEEW 335-336; 
Walde-Hofmann II 563; Feist 469; 
Porzig Gliederung 79; Mayrhofer III 
565; Pokorný I 1051; Fraenkel 777- 
778; Vries AMEW 574; Zalizniak I 
157; Frisk I 530-531; Onions 830; 
Szemerényi Kinship 313—318; Benveniste 
IEL 173; Vasmer-Trubachev III 612; 
Lehmann GED 336-337; Bammesberger 
Mom. 208; Kluge-Seebold 751; Adams 
TB 661; Burlak IFTJa 259. 

*swezjaz sb.m.: OSwed swiri 'cousin', 
OFris swire 'status of cousin', OE ^e-swiria 
'nephew, sister's son' (mase. «-stem). De- 
rived from *swěsaz. Holthausen AEEW 
338; Pokorný I 882; Lehmann GED 
336. 

*swěbaz sb.m.: ON Sváfa-land 'land of 
Swabians', OE pl. Swéfe 'Swabians', 
OHG pl. Swába id. Cf. also Lat-Germ 
Suebi, Suevi. Based on the possessive 
*sue-. Holthausen AEEW 331; Po- 
korný I 882-883; Vries AMEW 563; 



swebaz 



396 



switjanan 



Orel JSL V/l 144-149 (against the 
connection with Slav * svoboda 'freedom'). 

*swě3uraz sb.m.: OFris swáger 'brother- 
in-law', MLG swáger id., OHG swáger, 
swágur id. Viddhi of *swex(u)raz, struc- 
turally identical wiuh Skt švášura- 'of the 
father-in-law' (Persson IF II 201). 
Torp-Falk 544; Schulze Kl. Schr. 64-65; 
Mayrhofer III 400; Pokorný I 1043- 
1044; Lehmann GED 332; Bammesberger 
IF LXXIII 133-135 (OFris swáger < 
OHG). 

*swěljanan wk.vb.: ON svtela 'to suffocate 
with smoke', OE swdlan 'to burn'. De- 
rived from *swelanan. Torp-Falk 551; 
Holthausen AEEW 331; Vries ÁNE\V 
571 (to ON svah 'cool, fresh'); Seebold 
488; Kluge-Seebold 750; Dybo BSA 21. 

*swěraz adj.: Goth swers 'valued, hon- 
oreď, ON sván 'heavy', OE swár id., 
OFris swěr id., OS swár id., OHG swár 
id. Related to Lith sveriu, sveřti 'to weigh, 
to balance', svarús 'heavy', Latv svars 
'weighť. Cf. also Lat serius 'grave, 
earnesť (Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 312). 
Karsten MB II 364-365; Hirt Mg. Gr. I 
331 (to *g"er- 'heavy'); Torp-Falk 550; 
Feist 466; Holthausen AEE]V 331; 
Walde-Hofmann II 521; Pokorný I 
1150-1151; Fraenkel 95 1 ; Vries ANEW 
565; Lehmann GED 334—335; Heider- 
manns 578-579; Kjajge-Seebold 750. 

*swěrěnan wk.vb.: Goth sweran 'to 
honor', OFris sweria 'to be too heavy', 
OHG ana-ir-swáren 'to get worse'. De- 
rived from *sweraz. Feist 465—466; 
Lehmann GED 334; Heidermanns 579. 

*swěribo sb.f: Goth sweripa 'honor', 
OHG swárida 'load, weighť. Derived 
from *sweraz. Feist 466; Lehmann GED 
334; Heidermanns 579. 

*swěrín sb.f: Goth un-swerei 'dishonor', 
OHG swári 'heaviness, loaď. Derived 
from *swěraz. Feist 466; Heidermanns 
579. 

*swěsa-líkaz adj.: ON svás-ligr 'lovely, 
delightful', OE swés-líc 'kindly, pleasanť, 
OFris swěs-lik 'kinsmanlike', OS swěs-lik 
'native', OHG swás-lih 'own, private'. 



Derived from *swesaz. Heidermanns 
580. 

*swěsaz adj.: Goth swes 'one's own', ON 
sváss id., OE swiés id., OFris swes 'relateď, 
OS swás 'own, nice, cosy', OHG swás 
'private, intimate, homely'. Derived from 
IE *sue-\ Skt svá- 'own', Av hva- id., Gk óq 
id., Lat suus id., OPrus swais, Slav *svojb 
and the like (Diefenbach VW II 263). 
Bartholomae 1845-1846; Torp-Falk 
543; Uhlenbeck PBB XXVII 132 (from 
*suedh-to-)\ Trautmann BS]\' 251-252; 
Walde-Hofmann II 626; Feist 466; 
Holthausen AEEW 331-332; Mayr- 
hofer III 566; Pokorný I 882; Vries 
ANEW 565-566; Frisk I 431; Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 583; Benveniste IEI 269; 
Lehmann GED 335; Heidermanns 579— 
580. 

*swiftaz adj.: MHG swifte 'silenť. Derived 
from *swiianan. Derivationally close to 
Messap aútTOC" csiáma. Meaaáicioi, Hes. 
< *suipto- (Krahe IF XLVII 327). 
Torp-Falk 556; Kluge 78; Pokorný I 
1052; Heidermanns 581. 

*swikan sb.n.: ON svik 'treason, frauď, 
OE swic 'deception, illusion'. Cf. also 
OHG stah id. < *swikaz. Derived from 
*swlk(w)anan. Torp-Falk 553. 

*swikulaz adj.: ON svikall 'treacherous', 
OE swicol 'deceitful, falše', OHG bi-swih- 
hil 'insidious'. Derived from *su<lk(w)anan. 
Karsten jVB II 276, 284; Holthausen 
AEEW 336; Vries ANEW 569; Seebold 
486; Heidermanns 582-583. 

*swinójanan wk.vb.: ON suna 'to sub- 
side', OHG swinon 'flaccere'. Derived 
from *swlnanan. Jóhannesson /i?n 7 807- 
808; Vries ANEW 570; Seebold 484. 

*swipaz sb.m.: ON svipr 'swoop, sudden 
loss', MHG umbe-swif 'turn, turning, 
ambit'. Derived from *swaipanan. Torp- 
Falk 555; Vrtes ANEW 571. 

*swipón sb.f: ON svipa 'whip', OE swipe 
id., MLG swepe id. Related to *swaipanan. 
Torp-Falk 555; Holthausen AEEW 
338; Vries ANEW 570; Seebold 480. 

*switjanan wk.vb.: OHG swizzen 'to 
sweať. Identical with Skt svidyate id. 



switjanan 



397 



swo(t) 



Related to *swaitaz. Torp-Falk 554; 
Mayrhofer III 570; Pokorný I 1043; 
Kluge-Seebold 752. 

*swífanan str.vb.: ON svífa 'to rove, to 
turn, to drift', OE swifan 'to move, to 
sweep', OFris pres. swiva 'to be uncer- 
tain', MHG pret. sg. sweifto swing'. Cf. 
also Goth sweiban 'to cease'. Related to 
*swaipanan, *swai^janan. Persson BB 
XIX 263-266 (to Gk cjicojiiÍ 'silence'); 
Holthausen AEE\V 337; Torp-Falk 
555-556; Feist 465; Jóhannesson IEW 
808 (to Gk oryr| 'silence'); Pokorný I 
1042 (to Latv svipstis 'coward'); Vries 
AMEW 569; Onions 893; Seebold 
484-485; Lehmann GED 334; Kluge- 
Seebold 749. 

*swík(w)anan str.vb.: ON svíkva, svíkja 'to 
betray', OE swícan 'to move about, to 
wander', OFris swika 'to remove', OS 
swíkan 'to desert, to leave in the lurch', 
OHG swihhan 'to turn away, to decline'. 
Related to Lith svaigiú, svaígti 'to be 
dizzy', Slav *svigati 'to run after, to 
hurry'. Torp-Falk 553-554; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 336; Schneider K£ LXVI 
253 (to Toch B waike 'lie'); Jóhanesson 
IE\ V 794-797 (to *swaipanan); Pokorný I 
1042; Fraenkel 947; Trubachev Slav. 
jaz. V 173; Vries AMEW 569; Fraenkel 
953, 1248; Seebold 486-487; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 56; Adams TB 611-612. 

*swímanan str.vb.: Norw svima 'to move 
back and forth', OHG uz-giswíman 'to 
emerge'. Probably from *swip-m-anan 
related to *swaipanan. Torp-Falk 553; 
Pokorný I 1041. 

*swímon sb.m.: ON svitni 'dizziness, gid- 
diness', OE swíma id., OFris swima id., 
MLG swim id. Derived from *swimanan. 
Torp-Falk 553; Holthausen AEEU 7 
337; Pokorný I 1041 (W chwyf 'motion, 
unresť); Vries AMEW 570. 

*swTna-xerdjaz sb.m.: ON svín-hirdir 
'swine-herď, OE swin-hyrde id., OS swin- 
hirdi id., OHG swin-hirte id. Gompound of 
*swinan and *xerájaz. Carr Mom. comp. 
79 (parallel formations). 

*swinan sb.n.: Goth swein 'pig, swine', 



ON svín id., OE swin id., OFris swin id., 
OS swin id., OHG swin id. Identical with 
Lat suinus 'of pig', Latv svins 'dirty', Slav 
*svÍKb 'of pig' < *suino-. The latter is 



derived from IE *su- 



Pig 



See 



Torp-Falk 442; Trautmann BS1 V 294; 
Holthausen AEEW 337-338; Schulze 
Kl. Schr. 850; Walde-Hofmann II 636; 
Feist 465; Porzig Gliederung 145; 
Pokorný I 1038; Vries AMEW 570; 
Zalizniak I 144; Onions 894; Benve- 
niste IEL 28; Vasmer-Trubachev III 
578; Lehmann GED 334; Fvluge-Seebold 
749. 

*swinanan str.vb.: WFris swine 'to fade', 
OHG swinan id. Of unknown origin. 
Torp-Falk 553; Pokorný I 1052; Vries 
AMEW 570; Seebold 483-484; Lehmann 
GED 334 (to *swifanari). 

*swótajanan wk.vb.: ON soifa 'to kill, to 
sacrifice'. Identical with Skt svápáyati 'to 
make sleep'. Derived from *swefanan. 
Mayrhofer III 561; Vries AMEW 576. 

*swÓ3Íz sb.m.: ON sagr 'tumult, confu- 
sion', OE swéj 'noise, din'. Related to Gk 
ř\xh 'noise' < *suágh-, Lith svagiú, svageti 
'to sounď (Fick GGA 1894 237; Zupitza 
Gutt. 181). Bezzenberger BB XXVII 
152; Torp-Falk 545; Holthausen 
AEEW 338; Pokorný I 1110; Fraenkel 
946-947; Vries AME]V 577; Frisk I 646- 
647; Lehmann GED 333. 

*swÓ3Janan wk.vb.: Gotii ga-swogjan 'to 
sigh', OE swícan 'to sounď, LG swogen 'to 
sigh'. Derived from *swo3Íz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 339; Feist 202-203; 
Onions 847; Lehmann GED 333-334. 

*swóp5janan wk.vb.: ON sópa 'to 
sweep', E swoop. Related to *swao~bojanan. 
Pokorný I 1049; Vries AME]V 530. 

*swo(t) adv.: Goth swa 'so, thus', ON svá, 
só id., OE swá, swď 'as, thať, OFris sa, so 
'so, thus', OS so id., OHG so id. 
Continues *suod (Brugmann Grundrifi 11/ 3 
1008). Related to Gk particle (instr.) ióq 
'as, like' < *suó-s, OLat adv. (abl.) suád 
'thus'. Brugmann Dan. 31-32 (to Av 
*xvat- 'as, like'); Torp-Falk 543; Walde- 
Pokorny II 611; Holthausen AEE1 1 T 



swo(t) 



398 



ta3ran 



331; Feist 462; Walde-Hofmann II 
611; Vries ANEW 563; Frisk II 1152; 
Onions 841; Lehmann GED 331-332; 
Kluge-Seebold 768 (from *swě); Bout- 
kan OFED s.v. 

*swótin sb.f.: ON sceti 'sweetness', OS suoti 
id., OHG suozi id. Deríved from *swotuz. 
Heidermanns 585. 

*swótuz adj.: ON šutr 'sweeť, OE swót, 
swéte id., OFris swěte id., OS swoti id., 
OHG suozi id. Zero grade in Goth sutis 
'gende, yielding' < *sutjaz. Related to Skt 
svddú- 'savory, sweeť, Gk T|8tJ<; 'sweeť, 
Lat suáuis id. FsArsten JVB II 363; 
Torp-Falk 556; Ehrlich apud Feist 
(Goth suts < *su-di-, to *su- 'gooď and 
*dei- 'to shine'); Streitberg IF XXVII 
157-158 (on short *u in Godi); Feist 
461-462; Holthausen AEEW 339; 
Armknecht passim; Walde-Hofmann II 



611-612; Mayrhofer III 567-569; 
Pokorný I 1039-1040; Vries ANEW 
577; Frisk I 623; Onions 893; Rosen- 
gren 75-84; Seebold Festschr. Matzel 
121-124; Lehmann GED 331; Bammes- 
berger JVotn. 263; Heidermanns 584- 
585; Fvluge- Seebold 810. 

*swullaz sb.m.: ON sullr 'boil', OFris 
swoll 'swelling'. Derived from *swellanan. 
Torp-Falk 551; Vries ANEW 560; 
Seebold 490. 

*swultiz sb.m.: ON sultr 'hunger', OE 
swylt 'death, destruction'. Zero-grade de- 
rivative of *sweltanan (Loewe IF XIII 8). 
Torp-Falk 552; Holthausen AEEW 
339; Vries ANEW 560; Lehmann GED 
336. 

*s(w)umpaz sb.m.: ON soppr 'balí', OHG 
sumpf 'swamp'. Related to *swampaz. 
Torp-Falk 549. 



*tadjanan wk.vb.: ON tedja 'to dung, to 
manure', E ted 'to spread (hay)', OHG 
zetten 'to spreaď. Derived from Hadon. 
Torp-Falk 150; Vries ANEW 584; 
Kluge-Seebold 909. 

*tadón sb.f.: ON tada 'manured meadow', 
OHG žata 'tousled hair'. Continues 
*ds-tó-, participle of *da-\ Skt dáti 'to cut, 
to divide', part. ditá- 'cut out, divideď, 
Gk 5aío|iai 'to divide', Saxéouai id. 
Torp-Falk 150; Pokorný I 175-178 
(specifically to Gk Satéouon); Vries 
ANEW 579; Frisk I 341-342, 351-352. 

*tafnan sb.n.: ON tajn 'sacrifice'. Identical 
with Lat damnum 'harm, damage' < *dap- 
nom, cf. also daps 'meal', Arm tawn 'feasť 
< *dapni-. Pedersen K'Z XXXII 247 
(heteroclytic stem related to *tiíran); 
Devoto Festschr. Hirt II 546; Torp-Falk 
155; Walde-Hofmann I 323-324; Pokorný 
I 176; Vries ANEW 579; Benveniste 
IEL 61, 485. 



*ta33az sb.m.: Norw dial. tag, tagged 'tow- 
ering hill top', MLG tagge 'edge, prong'. 
Close to Skt daša 'thread on the edge 
of the fabric, fringe'. Torp-Falk 153; 
Pokorný I 191. 

*ta3lan ~ *ta3laz sb.n./m.: Goth tagl 
'hair', ON tagl 'horse's tail', OE tte^l 'tail', 
MLG tagel 'rope's enď, OHG z^gal 'tail'. 
Derived from *í«3J«<:. Derivationally 
close to Ir diíal 'hairlock' < *doklo-. 
Schweizer K£ I 155 (to Skt dfhyati 'to be 
strong'); Zupitza Gutt. 192; Torp-Falk 
152; Holthausen AEEW 341; Feist 470; 
Pokorný I 191; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
99; Vries ANEW 580; Zalizniak II 172; 
Onions 900; Gutenbrunner BNF III 
23-24 (to Illyr Docleates); Lehmann GED 
338; Bammesberger JVom. 75-76; Fvluge- 
Seebold 902. 

*ta3ran sb.n.: Gotli tagr 'tear', OE tea^or id. 
Accentual and morphological variant of 
*taxru(z). Zupitza Gutt. 192; Torp-Falk 



ta3ran 



399 



tamjon 



154; Holthausen AEEW 343; Feist 470; 
Porzig Gliederung 202; Pokorný I 179; 
Lehmann GED 338; Kluge-Seebold 903. 

*taxjanan wk.vb.: Goth tahjan 'to tear', 
Icel tteja 'to card, to comb'. Related to 
Hě^ó. Zupitza Gutt. 192; Torp-Faek 
152; Feist 470-471; Lehmann GED 338. 

*taxrÍ3a-xleuzaz ~ *taxru3a-xleuzaz 
adj.: ON támg-hlýra 'widi tearful cheeks', 
OE teári^-hleór 'having the cheeks wet 
with tears'. Compound of Haxri^az ~ 
Haxru^az (see *taxr(uz)) and *xleuzaz (see 
*xleuzan). Carr JVom. comp. 67. 

*taxru(z) sb.n./m.: ON tár 'tear', OE teár 
id., OFris tár id., OHG zahar id. (i-stem). 
Related to Gk 8áKpu id., Olr dér id., W 
deigr id. Curtius Gr. Et. 1 33; Torp-Falk 
154; Holthausen AEEW 344; Feist 470; 
Sapir Language XV 180-187; Porzig 
Gliederung 202; Pokorný I 179; Vries 
ANEW 582; Zalizniak II 189; Frisk I 
344; Onions 906; Rluge-Seebold 903. 

*taÍ3az sb.m.: ON teigr 'strip of lanď. 
Structurally similar to Skt deíá- 'pláce, 
region'. Derived from Hixanan. Torp- 
Falk 163; Mayrhofer II 65; Pokorný I 
188; Vries ANEW 585; Bammesberger 
jVo/n. 49. 

*taixw5(n) sb.f.: ON tá 'toe' (root stem), 
OE táhe, tá id., OFris tane id., MLG tě, trn, 
těwe id., OHG zeha id. Probably derived 
from Hixanan. Zupitza Gutt. 70; Torp- 
Falk 163; Holthausen AEEW 342; 
Pokorný I 1 88-1 89; Chemodanov SGGJa 
I 89; Vries ANEW 578; Zaliznl\k II 
211; Onions 928; Kluge-Seebold 905; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*taiknan sb.n.: Goth taikn 'token', ON 
teikn 'token, sign', OE tácn id., OFris těken 
id., OS těkán id., OHG zeihhan id. A pho- 
netically irregular derivative of Hixanan 
(Noreen Abrifi 165). Karsten Festschr. 
Kluge 65-69; Torp-Falk 162; Feist 472; 
Holthausen AEEW 341; Pokorný I 
188-189; Vries ANEW 585; Zalizniak II 
190; Onions 929; Lehmann GED 340; 
Bammesberger Nom. 72, 147; Seebold 
KZ CIV 36-40; Kluge-Seebold 905; 
Boutkan OFED s.v. 



*taiknjanan wk.vb.: Goth taiknjan 'to 
show, to exhibit', OE tdcnan 'to show, to 
appoinť, OHG zeihhanen, zeihnen 'to sign, 
to signál'. Derived from Haiknan. Feist 
472; Vrtes ANEW 585; Onions 929; 
Lehmann GED 340; Kluge-Seebold 905. 

*taikn5janan wk.vb.: ON teikna 'to mark, 
to denote, to beckon', OE tácnian 'to make 
a mark, to indicate, to mark", OFris těkna 
'to sign, to signál', MLG těkenen id. 
Derived from Haiknan. Torp-Falk 162. 

*taikuraz sb.m.: OE tácor 'husbanďs 
brother', OFris táker id., OHG zeihhur id. 
Related to Skt devár- id., Afgh lěwar- id., 
Arm taigr id., Gk 5čcr|p id., Lat lěvir id., 
Lith dieveňs id., Slav Hiěverb id. (Curtius 
Gr. Et. 221). Gmc reflects the thematiza- 
tion of the oblique cases (gen. sg. Hiaiures) 
but the inlaut -k- remains unexplained. 
Ltdén Studien 36 (-k- influenced by an 
unattested form related to Lith laigSnas 
'brother- in-law'); Torp-Falk 151; Hol- 
thausen AEE]V 341; Walde-Hofmann I 
787-788; Mayrhofer II 64; Pokorný I 
179; Fraenkel 94; Zalizniak I 136; 
Frisk I 338-339. 

*tainaz sb.m.: Goth tains 'branch, twig', 
ON teinn 'twig, sprouť, OE tán id., OS těn 
'staff', OHG zein 'shaft, staff'. Continues 
Hisi-no- based on IE *dai- 'to divide', cf. 
Skt dáti 'to cut, to divide, to mow', Gk 
pass. Soíexai 'to be torn' (Kroes GRM 
XXXVI 346). Fick I 459 (to Gk 8óva£, 
'reeď, Latv pl. donis 'reeď); Grtenberger 
Got. 207 (to Skt díyati 'to fly, to soar', Gk 
8íenai 'to hasten'); Bugge BB XXIV 446 
(follows Fick); Wtedemann BB XXVIII 
54 (samé as Grienberger); Torp-Falk 
151; Holthausen AEEW 342; Feist 473 
Mayrhofer II 31; Pokorný I 175-176 
Vries ANEW 585-586; Zalizniak I 136 
Frisk I 341-342; Onions 582; Kluge- 
Seebold 903. 

*tainjon sb.f: Goth tainjo 'basket', ON 
teina id., OHG zeina id. Derived from 
Hainaz. Torp-Falk 151; Schulze K^ 
LXII 258 (samé motivation as in Gk 
axoivoTcnv í)<pacj|jévo<;, Anth. Palatina VI 
247); Kluge Nom. Stamm. 43-44; Vries 



tainjon 



400 



talojanan 



AMEW585; Lehmann GED 340; Kluge- 
Seebold 903. 

*taisanan str.vb.: OHG zeisan 'to pluck'. 
Related to Gk 8aíonoa 'to divide'. Cf. 
Hainai. Torp-Falk 164; Pokorný I 
175-179; Frisk I 341-342; Seebold 498. 

*taisjanan wk.vb.: Swed dial. teisa 'to 
pluck, to pull to pieces', OE tdsan 'to tear 
to pieces, to pull to pieces', MLG těsen 
'to twitch, to scratch'. Derived from 
Haisanan. Torp-Falk 164; Holthausen 
AEEW 342. 

*taitaz adj.: Burg *taits 'serene', ON teitr 
'glad, cheerful', OE tát- (in prop.), MDu 
teet 'fine', OHG zeiz 'nice, delicate'. 
Related to Lith didis 'big', didús 'sublime' 
(Solmsen IF XrV 433; Bezzenberger BB 
XXVE 161). Saussure MSL VI 75 (to 
Lat ludus 'play', with "Sabinian" /- < </-); 
Karsten MB I 61; Torp-Falk 162; 
Holthausen AEE]V 343; Pokorný I 183 
(to Gk 8ř)A,oi; 'visible, clear', Lith dailús 
'pretty'); Vries AME1 V 586; Fraenkel 93; 
Kobler 714; Heidermanns 587-588. 

*taitjanan wk.vb.: ON teita 'to gladden, to 
cheer', OE tétan id. Derived from *taitaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 342; Vries AMEW 
586; Heidermanns 588. 

*taitón sb.m.: ON prop. Táti, OHG zeizo 
'litde boy'. Derived from Haitaz. Vrtes 
AMEW 58b; Heidermanns 588. 

*takan sb.n.: ON tak 'hold, chattels, 
seizure', Scot tack 'lease'. Derived from 
*takanan. Vries AMEW 580; Seebold 
499. 

*takanan str.vb.: ON taká 'to také, to 
seize', OE tacan 'to také', MLG tacken id. 
Despite the phonetic difference in the 
anlaut, to be compared with Toch B tek-, 
tak- 'to touch', Gk aor. part. Texayróv 
'seizing', Lat tango 'to touch'. Lewy PBB 
XXXII 148 (to Lith dagys 'thisde'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 169, iC£ XXXVII 390 (to 
Gk SÓkt-iAo? 'finger'); Torp-Falk 151— 
152; Holthausen AEEW 341 (OE < 
ON); Walde-Hofmann II 647-648; 
Feist 475; Jóhannesson IEW 479-480; 
Pokorný I 183; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
111; Vries AMEW 580; Frisk I 345 (fol- 



lows Zupitza), 884; Onions 900; See- 
bold 498-499; Lehmann GED 342-343; 
Mottausch KZCVl 151-160. 

*talan sb.n.: ON tal 'talk, conversation, 
number', OE tal 'tale, number, series', 
OS tal, gi-tal 'number, series, reckoning'. 
Cf. also *talo(n). Related to Gk 8óXoq 
'wile, bait, cunning', Lat dolus 'guile, 
deceiť (Fick BB II 209). Torp-Falk 
158-159; Wood ML7VXXVI 167 (to Skt 
dálati 'to burst, to crack', Lat dolo 'to 
hew'); Rosenhagen Z DADL Lvn 189- 
190; Walde-Hofmann I 366-367; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 341, AM V 299 (to Arm tol 
'row'); Pokorný I 193; Vries AMEIV 580; 
Zalizniak II 183; Frisk I 407-408; 
Lehmann GED 341; Fvluge-Seebold 902. 

*talaz adj.: Goth un-tals 'undisciplined, 
disobedienť, OE se-tal 'quick, ready, 
actdve', OS gi-tal 'deft, adroiť, OHG zal 
'quick, fasť. Related to *talan, *talo(n). 
Torp-Falk 158-159; Feist 158-159; 
Holthausen AEE]V 341; Pokorný I 
193; Lehmann GED 341; Heidermanns 
588-589. 

*tal3Ď ~ *tal3an sb.f./n.: ON talg 'tal- 
low', MDu talch id. Probably related to 
H11I311Z (Holthausen ANI V 305). Torp- 
Falk 160; Pokorný I 196 (to Mír delt 
'dew'); Vries AMEW 594; Lerchner 246; 
Heidermanns 607. 

*taljanan wk.vb.: ON telja 'to telí, to 
counť, OE tellan 'to recount, to telí', 
OFris tella 'to telí', OS tellian id., OHG 
zelUn 'to counť. Derived from *talan. 
Torp-Falk 159; Holthausen AEEW 
344; Pokorný I 193; Vrtes AMEW 586; 
Onions 908; Lehmann GED 341; Kluge- 
Seebold 902. 

*talm5janan wk.vb.: ON tálma 'to hin- 
der', MLG talmen 'to dawdle'. Unclear. 
Pokorný I 196 (to Slav *dbliti); Vrtes 
AMEW 581. 

*talójanan wk.vb.: ON tála 'to talk, to 
speak', OE talián 'to suppose, to consider, 
to reckon', OFris talia 'to counť, OS talon 
'to calculate', OHG zalon 'to counť. De- 
rived from *talan. Torp-Falk 159; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 342; Vries AMEIV 581. 



talo(n) 



401 



tanbz 



*taló(n) sb.f.: ON tála 'number', OE talu 
'tale, story, accounť, OFris tele 'sum, 
pledge', OS tála 'number', OHG žala 
'crowd, calculation, number. A variant 
of Halan. Torp-Falk 158-159; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 342; Vries ANEW 581; 
Zalizniak II 183; Onions 900; Lehmann 
GED 341; Kluge-Seebold 902; Boutkan 
OFED s.v. 

*tamaz adj.: ON tamr 'tame', OE tam id., 
OFris tam id., OS tam id., OHG zam id. 
Related to Skt dámyatí 'to be tame, to 
tame', arím-dama- 'bridling (an enemy)', 
Gk Saijáo) 'to tame', Lat domo id., Mír 
damnaim 'to subdue'. Further connected 
with IE *dom- 'house'. Torp-Falk 156 
Feist 203; Holthausen AEEW 342 
Wissmann NP 44-45, Posto. 42-46 
Walde-Hofmann I 367-368; May- 
rhofer II 19, 35; Pokorný I 199-200; 
Vries ANEW 581; Frisk I 346; Onions 
901; Rosengren 31; Schubert Erw. 
73-74; Lehmann GED 149-150; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 239; Heidermanns 589-560; 
Kluge-Seebold 902. 

*tamjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-tamjan 'to 
tame, to subdue', ON temja 'to tame', 
OE temian id., OHG zemmen id. Derived 
from *tamaz. Structurally similar to 
Skt damayáti 'to subdue, to overpower'. 
Torp-Falk 156; Holthausen AEEW 
345; Feist 203; Mayrhofer II 19; Vries 
ANEW 586; Lehmann GED 149; Heider- 
manns 590. 

*tandjanan wk.vb.: Goth tandjan 'to light 
(a lamp), to kindle', ON tenda 'to kindle' 
(hap. leg.), OE tendan, on-tendan id. Cf. 
OHG zunten 'to put on řire' < Hundjanan. 
Related to Henpanan. Torp-Falk 154; 
Holthausen AEEW 345; Feist 474; 
Vries ANEW 586; Onions 925; Seebold 
502; Hamp SCelt XII-XIII 1-2 (to W 
ennyn 'to lighť); Lehmann GED 341-342; 
Kluge-Seebold 916. 

*tandran sb.m.: ON tandri 'řire', OHG 
zantero, zantaro 'hot ashes'. Derived from 
Handjanan, *tenpanan. Torp-Falk 155; 
Vries ANEW 581; Seebold 502. 

*tan3Janan wk.vb.: ON tengja 'to fasten, to 



tie together', OE tengan 'to press, to has- 
ten', MLG tengen 'to begin'. Derived from 
*tanxuz. Fick III 152; Torp-Falk 152; 
Holthausen AEEW 345; Pokorný I 201; 
Vries ANE] V 586; Heidermanns 591. 

*tanyaz adj.: ON sam-tengr 'bandageď, OE 
^e-ten^e 'near, close', OS bi-tengi 'adher- 
ing', OHG gi-zengi 'reaching'. Derived 
from Handjanan. Karsten jVB II 375; 
Torp-Falk 152; Holthausen AEE1V 345; 
Pokorný I 201; Vries ANEJ K581; Matzel 
KZGV 103; Heidermanns 590-591. 

*tan3o sb.f: ON tqng 'tongs' (z-stem and 
root stem), OE tanj, tan^e id., OFris tange 
id., OS tanga id., OHG zanga id. Related 
to *tan^janan. Torp-Falk 152; Mikkola 
UG I 72 (to Slav *dqga 'are'); Holthausen 
AEEW 342-343; Pokorný I 201; Vries 
ANEW 604; Zalizniak II 211; Onions 
930; Lehmann GED 338; Kluge-Seebold 
903 (to Alb dani 'tongs'). 

*tan3Ó(n) sb.m./f: ON tangi 'špit of land, 
pointed end by which the blade is driven 
into the handle', MLG tange 'sandbank 
between two marshes'. Historically iden- 
tical with Hanso. Related to Handjanan. 
Torp-Falk 168; Vries ANEW 581. 

*tanxuz adj.: ON sbst. tá 'path, walk', OE 
tah 'tough, tenacious', MLG ta, těie id., 
OHG zah 'hard, firm'. Probably con- 
nected with Gk 8acú<; 'thick', Lat densus 
id. Karsten JVB II 374-375; Torp- 
Falk 152; Holthausen AEEW 350; 
Pokorný I 191, 201-202; Vries ANEW 
579; Onions 933; Lůhr Expr. 170; Hei- 
dermanns 591- 592; Kluge-Seebold 902. 

*tanb-lausaz adj.: ON tann-lauss 'tooťh- 
less', latě OE tód-leás id., latě OHG zand- 
lós id. Compound of *tanpz and Hausaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 90 (parallel formations). 

*tanbójanan wk.vb.: ON tanna 'to denť, 
Du dial. tanden 'to thrust teeth into'. 
Derived from *tanpz. Vries ANEJ I' 58 1 . 

*tanjíz sb.f./m.: ON tqnn 'toodi' (< *tanpu-), 
OE tób id., OFris toth id., OS tand id. 
(i-stem), OHG zand, zant, zan id. (í-stem). 
Related to Skt dánt- id., Gk ó8(óv, Ó80ÍK; 
id., Arm atamn id., Olr dít, Lith dantis id. 
Cf. also Hunpuz. Torp-Falk 154; Holt- 



tanpz 



402 



taugjanan 



hausen AEE]\' 351; Mayrhofer II 
16-17; Pokorný I 289; Benveniste BSL 
XXXII 74-76; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
103; Fraenkel 82; Vries AMEW 604; 
Zalizniak II 211; Frisk II 352-353; 
Chantraine 776; Onions 931; Seebold 
180; Lehmann GED 349; Bammesberger 
JVom. 202; Griepentrog IVurzelnomina 
479-481; Kluge-Seebold 902-903. 

*tappjanan vvk.vb.: ON teppa 'to close, to 
stop, to shut in', MLG teppen 'to plug', 
MHG zepfen 'to tap'. Derived from *tap- 
pon. Vries ANE1V 586. 

*tap(p)ojanan wk.vb.: ON tapa 'to lose, 
to destroy', MLG tappen 'to touch 
lightly'. Based on *tappón. Torp-Falk 
155; Pokorný I 155; Vries AMEW 582; 
Heidermanns 595. 

*tappón sb.m.: ON tappi 'tap', OE teppa 
id., MLG tappe id., OHG zapfo id. 
Connected with Skt dépati 'to push, to 
strike', Gk 8é<pco 'to kneaď? Petersson 
LUÁ XrV/31 60 (to Heppaz); Torp-Falk 
155; Holthausen AEEW 341; Pokorný I 
203; Vries AJÍEW 582; Frisk I 372-373; 
Onions 903; Kluge-Seebold 903. 

*tarďaz adj.: OHG zart 'delicate'. Cf. MLG 
tert-lik 'pampereď. Identical with MPers dart 
'harasseď. Derived from Heranan (Grimm 
D]\' 403). Feist 120 (against Grimm); 
Torp-Falk 158; Lehmann GED 92. 

*tar3Janan wk.vb.: Swed dial. targa 'to 
pull with teeth', Norw dial. terga 'to tease', 
OE tirgan 'to irritate, to provoke', MLG 
tergen, targen 'to drag, to pull', G zergen 'to 
pull'. Related to Lith dirgmti 'to move, to 
shake', Slav *dbrgati 'to pull'. Torp-Falk 
158; Holthausen AEE]V 347; Pokorný I 
210; Fraenkel 96; Stang LS 19. 

*tar3Ďn sb.f.: Gep *targa 'rim, edge', ON 
targa 'target, a small round shielď, OE 
tar^e 'small shielď, LG targe 'shielď, 
OHG zarga 'framing'. Probably, con- 
nected with Haryjanan (Wood MLN XIII 
292). Zupitza Gutt. 181; Torp-Falk 
158 (to Slav *po-dorgb 'edge'); 
Holthausen AEEW 343 (OE < ON); 
Pokorný I 213 (to Gk 8páaoonai 'to 
grasp'); Chemo-danov SGGJa I 73; Vries 



ANE}[' 582; Zalizniak II 178; Stang LS 
17 (to Lith dafžas 'garden'); Kobler 715; 
Kluge-Seebold 903. 

*tarxjanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-tarhjan 'to dis- 
tinguish, to notě'. Identical with Skt 
daršáyati 'to cause to see'. Further con- 
nected with Skt perf. dadárša 'to see', Gk 
8épKO|im id., Olr pret. ad-con-darc id. See 
Hurxtaz. Meillet MSL XV 349-351 
(on *-x- in this position); Torp-Falk 
157-158; Feist 203; Mayrhofer II 23; 
Pokorný I 213; Frisk I 368; Lehmann 
GED 150. 

*tar5(n) ~ *taraz sb.f.m.: ON tara 'war, 
fight, battle', OE tam 'tear, break', MHG 
zar 'war, fighť. Derived from *kranan. 
Holthausen AEEW 343; Jóhannesson 
ZEJ T 483 (to Lith dardeti 'to creak'); Vrles 
AVEII'582. 

*taskó(n) sb.f: ON taška 'trunk, chest, pouch, 
pockeť, MLG tasche 'bag'. Of unknown 
origin. Torp-Falk 160 (to Hasojanarí). 

*tasójanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. tasa 'to 
ravel ouť, LG tasen 'to pluck'. Of un- 
known origin. Torp-Falk 160. 

*tasp5janan wk.vb.: Norw dial. taspa 'to 
drag, to trail', MHG zaspen id. An 
emphatic derivative of Hasajanan. Torp- 
Falk 160. 

*tassaz adj.: Goth un-ga-tass 'irregular, 
undisciplined, idle', MDu on-ge-thes 'rest- 
less'. The negative form *un-tassaz is 
identical with Gk a-Saatoi; 'undivideď, 
further related to Gk Satéouai 'to 
divide' (Fick Glotta II 128). See *tadon. 
Schwyzer GG I 676; Feist 520; Pokorný 
I 177; Frisk I 351-352; Chantraine 254; 
Lehmann GED 371 '. 

*taufran sb.n.: ON taufr 'sorcery', OE 
téafor 'coloring pigment', OFris taver 
'magie', MLG tover, tober id., OHG zoubar 
id. (also mase). Derived from *tawjanan? 
Reminds of Hafnan and *tibran. Loe- 
wenthal AJVE XXXII 285 (to unattested 
Slav *dbpati)\ Torp-Falk 151; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 343; Pokorný I 193; Vries 
ANEW 583; Zalizniak II 172; Kluge- 
Seebold 904. 

*tau3Janan wk.vb.: ON teygja 'to stretch 



tau3Janan 



403 



texswo(n) 



out, to draw', OE tí^an 'to tie'. Causative 
of *teuxanan. Torp-Falk 167; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 347; Pokorný I 220; 
Vries zUVETK 587; Onions 922; Lehmann 
GED 346. 

*tau3Ó sb.f.: ON taug 'string, ropě', OE 
feíÍ3 'band, tie'. Derived from Heuxanan. 
Torp-Falk 167; Holthausen AEE1\ t 
343; Vries ANEW 583 (to *%o); Onions 
923; Seebold 504; Lehmann GED 346; 
Kluge-Seebold 817. 

*tauxo(n) sb.f.: Icel tóa 'she-fox', MLG to 
'bitch', OHG zoha id. Derived from Heux- 
anan. For a similar semantic development 
cf. Skt lopášá- 'fox', Gk aXánvfc id. based 
on *uel- 'to tear (into parts)' (Gamkrelidze- 
Ivanov II 513). Torp-Falk 151. 

*tauxmaz sb.m.: ON taumr 'bridle, rein', 
OE team 'tie, offspring, family, children', 
OFris tam 'bridle, descendants, offspring', 
MLG tom 'bridle, rein', OHG zoum id. 
Derived from Heuxanan (Grassmann K£ 
XII 133; Saussure Recueil 418). Zupitza 
Gutt. 75; Torp-Falk 167; Holthausen 
AEEW 344; Pokorný I 221; Vries 
ANEW 584 (against Grassmann); Mar- 
strander KVA 1925/1 22-23; Zalizniak 
I 136; Onions 906; Seebold 504; 
Lehmann GED 346; Bammesberger JVom. 
71; Kluge-Seebold 904. 

*tauxmjanan wk.vb.: ON teyma 'to lead 
by the rein', MLG tomen 'to bridle'. De- 
rived from Hauxmaz. Vries ANE1V 587. 

*tawjanan wk.vb.: Goth taujan 'to do, to 
make', Run pret. tawido 'to make', MLG 
touwen 'to prepare, to make', OHG zowen 
'to prepare'. Derived from Hawo, with the 
semantic evolution from a concrete to an 
abstract meaning, cf. Slav *kresati 'to kin- 
dle (light)' ~ Lat creo 'to create' (Tru- 
bachev ESSJa XII 124-125). Osthoff 
IF V 282-283 (to Skt ditrá- 'far, distanť, 
Gk 8ripó<; 'long'); Psilander KZ XLV 
281-284 (derived from Hěwo); Lorentz 
IF V 342-343 (to Gk 8o\>Xoq 'slavě'); 
Marstrander JfTS III 124 (from H- 
awjanan, to *aujan); Torp-Falk 166 
Holthausen AEEJV 343; Feist 474-475 
Pokorný I 218; Vries ANEW 583 



Onions 905; Lehmann GED 342; Kluge- 
Seebold 904. 

*taw5 sb.f: ON pl. gqtvar 'armor, hoarď, 
OE pl. yatwe 'arms, garments', OHG gi- 
zouwa 'tool, implemenť. Of unknown ori- 
gin. Zupitza Gutt. 70; Vries AJÍE1V 
199; Lehmann GED 342. 

*te3uz num.: Goth pl. -tigjus 'set of ten', 
ON -tigr id., OE -% id., OFris -tich id., 
OS -tig id., OHG -zug id. Continues 
poorly attested IE Hlekú-, a derivational 
variant of Hlekm, see Hexun. Schulze 
lat. 145—146 (identical with decu- in Lat 
decu-ria 'division consisting of ten, a com- 
pany of ten, tithing'); Torp-Falk 153; 
Holthausen AEEW 347; Feist 150; 
Pokorný I 191-192; Vries A/VEIT 588 
(reconstructs *dek-u-); Onions 952; 
Lehmann GED 114, 344; Bammesberger 
GD 3-8 (from *dekmt); Ross-Berns 
Numerals 602-609; Kluge-Seebold 911. 

*texan ~ *tex5n sb.n./f: ON té 'disposal', 
OE teohh 'association, company, band', 
MLG teche 'succession, association', OHG 
zehha 'collective contribution'. Related to 
IE *dek- 'to také, to receive': Gk SokÉco 
'to seem, to think', Lat decet 'to be seemly, 
to be appropriate' . Grienberger Got. 
209 (to *těwo); Uhlenbeck IF XXV 146 
(ON té to OE tib 'grant, concession'); 
Holthausen AEEW 349, AWM 301 (to 
Hixanan); Walde-Hofmann I 330-331; 
Pokorný I 189-190; Vries ANEIV 584; 
Frisk I 404-406; Lehmann GED 343; 
Kluge-Seebold 904. 

*texand5n ~ *texund5n ~ 
*texunj3on num.: Goth taihunda 'tenth', 
ON tíundi id., OE teóda id., OFris sbst. 
tegotha 'tax, tithe', OS tegotho, tehando 
'tenth', OHG zehanto id. Derived from 
Hexun. Cf. Toch A škánt, B skaňte 'tenth', 
Gk SÉKaxoq id., Lith dešimtas id. Torp- 
Falk 153; Holthausen AEEW 345; Feist 
471-472; Pokorný I 191-192; Frisk I 
359; Fraenkel 91; Vries ANEW 590; 
Lehmann GED 339; Ross-Berns JVumerals 
631-633; Adams TB 637; Burlak IFTJa 
257; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*texswo(n) sb.f: Goth taihswa 'right hand, 



texswo(n) 



404 



tendaz 



right side', OLFr tesewa id., OHG zesawa 
id. Substantivized Hexswon ~ Hexswaz. 
Feist 471; Lehmann GED 338; Heider- 
manns 594. 

*texswón ~ *texswaz adj.: Goth taihswa 
'righť, MDu tesuwe id., OHG zeso id. 
Particularly close to Gk 8e^ió<; id. < 
*8ečjif óq, Gaul Dexsiva Dea, Olr dess id. < 
*deksuo- (Porzig Gliederung 138). Further 
related to Skt dáksina-, Alb djathte (based 
on *djath < PAlb *detsá), Lat dexter, Lith 
děšinas, Slav *desm>. Zupitza Gutt. 192; 
Brugmann GrundriJ] 11/ 1 202 (suff. *-ao- 
under the influence of Haiuos 'lefť); 
Torp-Falk 154; Walde-Hofmann I 
346-347; Feist 471; Specht KZ LXII 
217-219; Hoops EG V 81-82; Pokorný 
I 189-191; Fraenkel 91; Frisk I 
366-367; Benveniste IEL 211; Lehmann 
GED 338; Heidermanns 593-594; Orel 
AED 67-68. 

*texun num.: Goth taihun 'ten', ON tíu 
id., OE tín id., OFris tián id., OS tehan id., 
OHG zehan id. Continues IE *dekm id.: 
Toch A sak, B sak, Skt áiírá, Gk 8Ékoc, 
Arm tasn, Lat decem, Olr (faV/i n-. 
Zupitza Gutt. 192; Torp-Falk 153; 
Sturtevant MLN XL 25; Holthausen 
AEEIV 347; Walde-Hofmann I 327-328 
Feist 471; Porzig Gliederung 198 
Mayrhofer II 26; Pokorný I 191-192 
Vries AMEW 590; Frisk I 359-360 
Onions 909; Lehmann GED 339; Ross- 
Berns Mumerals 590-593; Kluge-Seebold 
905; Adams TB 619; Burlak IFTJa 
257-258; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*telčtan sb.n.: ON tjald 'tent, hangings', 
OE teld 'tenť, MLG telt, telde id., OHG 
zelt id. Related to Gk 5íXxoq 'writing 
tablet' < *'plank, boarď (Fick I 456). 
Bréal MSL VII 446 (from Rom Honda 
'tenť); Torp-Falk 159; Holthausen 
AEEW 344; Jóhannesson IEW 492; 
Pokorný I 195 (to IE *del- 'to spliť); 
Vries AMEW 591; Zalizniak I 144; Frisk 
I 361-362; Seebold 501; Chantraine I 
260; Kluge-Seebold 907. 

*tel3az ~ *tel35n sb.m.: ON tjálgr 
'prong, fork', OE tel$a 'branch, bough', 



MLG telge, telch 'narrow branch' (also 
neut.), OHG zelga 'field (one of three)' 
(fem.). Probably related to Lith dalgis 
'scythe' < *delg(h)- 'to ctít off'. Torp- 
Falk 160; Trautmann BSW 44; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 344; Pokorný I 196; 
Fraenkel 81; Vries AMEJV 591; Kluge- 
Seebold 906. 

*temanan str.vb.: Goth ga-timan 'to 
match, to fit in', MDu be-temen 'to allow 
oneself, to befiť, OHG zeman 'to fit, to 
befit, to become'. Identical with Toch AB 
tsdm- 'to grow', Gk 8énco 'to builď (Fick 
I 66, 454) although "die abweichende 
Bedeutung . . . macht die ursprtingliche 
Identitat etwas fraglich" (Frisk I 364). 
Grienberger Got. 93-94 (to IE *de(i)- 'to 
binď); Torp-Falk 156; Feist 205; 
Benveniste BSL LI 14-29; Pokorný I 
198-199; Seebold 501-502; Lehmann 
GED 150-151; Kluge-Seebold 910; 
Adams TB 735-736. 

*temran sb.n.: ON timbr 'timber', OE tim- 
ber 'timber, building', OFris timber id., OS 
timbar 'timber, building', OHG zimbar id. 
From *dem-ro- further related to Hemanan. 
Bezzenberger BB XXVII 152; Torp- 
Falk 156; Holthausen AEE]V 348; 
Pokorný I 198; Vries AMEW 588; 
Zalizniak I 144; Onions 924; Benve- 
niste 242, 250; Lehmann GED 345; 
Keuge-Seebold 911. 

*temrjanan ~ *temrójanan wk.vb.: 
Godr timrjan 'to build, to construcť, ON 
timbra 'to build of timber', OE timbran, 
timbrian 'to build, to construcť, OFris tim- 
bria, timmeria 'to build of timber', OS tim- 
bron id., OHG zimbaron id. Derived from 
Hemran. Torp-Falk 156; Holthausen 
AEEIK348; Feist 478; Vries AVEIT 588; 
Benveniste IEL 242, 250-251; Kluge- 
Seebold 911. 

*temr(j)5n sb.m.: Goth timrja 'carpenter', 
OS timbro 'builder', OHG zimbaro id. De- 
rived from Hemran (Schulze Kl. Schr. 863). 
Feist 478; Onions 924; Lehmann GED 345. 

*tendaz sb.m.: ON tindr 'spike, tooth', OE 
tind 'tine, prong, tooth', MLG tind, tinde 
'tine, sharp projecting poinť, OHG z,int 



tendaz 



405 



teunjanan 



id. Cf. also *tenijd id. > MLG tinne, OHG 
zinna. Derived from Hunpuz. Torp-Falk 
154; Holthausen AEET I 7 349; Feist 483; 
Pokorný I 289 (to Olr dind 'hill'); Vries 
AMEW 589; Onions 925; Darms Vrddhi 
402-406; Kluge-Seebold 912. 

*tenbanan str.vb.: OE tinneš 'burneď, 
MHG 1 sg. pres. zinne 'to start burning'. 
Of unknown origin. Thurneysen Idg. 
Anz. XXXIII 32 (to Olr and- 'to kindle'); 
Torp-Faek 154-155; Vendryes Mélanges 
Andler 383-388; Feist 474; Onions 925; 
Seebold 502; Lehmann GED 341. 

*teppaz sb.m.: Norw dial. tipp 'tip', ME tip 
id., MLG tip id., MHG ^>/id. Related to 
*tappon. Torp-Falk 164. 

*teranan str.vb.: Goth dis-tairan 'to tear 
asunder, OE teran 'to tear, to renď, OHG 
zeran 'to quarrel, to háve a row'. Related 
to Toch AB tsdr- 'to be separated, to sep- 
arate', Skt drnati 'to burst, to tear', Gk 
8épto 'to flay', Lith deru, difti 'to tear', Slav 
*derq, dbrati id. Goth tarmjan 'to break 
forth' may be based on a derivative noun 
*tar-ma- close to Gk Sépna 'skin' (Grien- 
berger 207). Bugge ffV 175 (Goth 
tarmjan < Arm patarem 'to break'); Torp- 
Falk 156; Feist 120, 474; Holthausen 
AEEW 346; Trier Holz 122 (to Herwon); 
Mayrhofer II 59; Pokorný I 206-211; 
Fraenkel 96-97; Frisk I 368-370; 
Onions 906; Seebold 502—503; Lehmann 
GED 91-92, 342; Kluge- Seebold 908; 
Adams TB 736. 

*tersaz sb.m.: OE teors 'reed, penis', MLG 
ters 'penis', OHG zers id. May be close to 
Mír don 'thorn' < *dorso-. Torp-Falk 
158 (to *ter- 'to spliť); Holthausen AEE] I ' 
346; Pokorný I 210; Zalizniak I 136. 

*terwon ~ *terwan sb.f./n.: ON tjara 
'tar', OE tierwe id., OFris tera id., MLG 
tere, ter id., G dial. ?ehr id. Close to Lith 
dervá 'pine-wood, tar', Latv dařva 'tar', 
Slav *dervo 'tree'. Further connected with 
IE *deru-\ Hitt tam 'wooď, Skt daru id., 
Gk 8ó pv 'wood, trunk, spear'. Her- 
mann Lautg. 282 (connects widi Goth 
ethn. Tewingi); Torp-Falk 157; Holt- 
hausen AEE] V 346-347; Pokorný 1214- 



216; Chemodanov SGGJa I 72; Fraenkel 
90-91; Vries AMEW 591; Frisk I 411 
412; Onions 903; Lehmann GED 343; 
Kluge-Seebold 819. 

*tetruz sb.m.: OE teter 'tetter, a cutaneous 
disease'. Related to Skt dadrú- 'skin disease, 
leprosy', Lith dederviné 'tetter, Latv dedere 
'eczema' (Buga Aist. 143). Persson 
Beitráge 780; Krogmann KZ LXV 142; 
Torp-Falk 157; Holthausen AEEW 
346; Mayrhofer II 14; Pokorný I 209; 
Fraenkel 85; Onions 913. 

*teuxanan str.vb.: Goth tiuhan 'to lead, to 
bring', ON part. toginn 'to draw', OE teón 
id., OFris tia id., OS tiohan id., OHG zio- 
han id. Etymologically related to Lat dúco 
'to pull, to leaď, W dygaf 'to bring', Alb 
nduk 'to pluck out, to pull out, to tear' < 
PAlb *en-duka. Zupltza Gutt. 210; Torp- 
Falk 166; Feist 478-479; Holthausen 
AE£II'345; Walde-Hofmann I 377-378; 
Jóhannesson IE]V 474—476; Pokorný I 
220; Ernout-Meillet 186 (West Euro- 
pean pastorál term); Chemodanov SGGJa 
I 86, 91; Vries AMEW 594; Benveniste 
IEL 125; Seebold 503-505; Lehmann 
GED 346; Kluge-Seebold 910; Orel 
AED 288-289. 

*teuxdran sb.n.: ON tjódr 'tether', OFris 
tia der id., MLG tuder id., OHG ziotar id. 
(mase., neut.). Derivative in *-Íra- < *-tro- 
of *teuxanan. Lidén SVSU Ví/ 1 42 (to 
Skt neut. dóraka- 'ropě'); Torp-Falk 165 
Holthausen IF XX 324, AEEW 347 
Pokorný I 221; Vries AMEW 592 
Onions 913; Heidermanns 607; Kluge- 
Seebold 840, 913. 

*teuxdr5janan wk.vb.: ON tjódra 'to tether', 
E tether id., MLG tiidern id. Derived from 
Heuxdran. Vries AMEW 592. 

*teunó(n) sb.f./m.: ON tjón 'damage, loss', 
OE kóna 'damage, harm, hurť, OS tiono 
'evil'. Of unknown origin. Torp-Falk 
165; Holthausen AEEW 346; Pokorný I 
179 (to Skt dunóti 'to burn'); Onions 907; 
Vries AME1V 592. 

*teunjanan wk.vb.: ON týna 'to lose, to 
destroy', OE tínán 'to vex, to annoy, to 
irritate', OFris tiona, tiuna 'to damage', OS 



teunjanan 



406 



tixtiz 



gi-tiunian 'to inflict injustice'. Derived from 
*kuno(n). Torp-Falk 165; Holthausen 
AEEW 347; Vries ANEW 603. 

*tě3Ó sb.f.: ON tág 'willow twig', MHG 
Zach 'wick' (mase), záhe id. Related to 
Haxjanan. Torp-Falk 152; Lehmann 
GED 338 (to IE Hlenk- 'to bite'). 

*tČ3UZ adj.: Norw dial. taag 'slow and 
enduring', EFris táge 'tough', MLG těge id. 
Related to Skt jihmá- 'crookeď (with 
assimilation from *dižhmá-), Gk 8oxnó? id. 
< *cbgh-mo-. Torp-Falk 152 (to Hanxuz); 
Pokorný I 181. 

*těkanan str.vb.: Goth tekan 'to touch', 
OFris bi-tech 'to carry off'. An ablaut 
form of Hakanan. Directly related to Toch 
B tak- 'to touch, to feel wiuh uhe hanď < 
Hleg- (Adams TB 289). Zupitza Gutt. 
169; Torp-Falk 151-152; Feist 475; 
Pokorný I 183; Seebold 500-501; 
Lehmann GED 342-343. 

*těljanan wk.vb.: ON tsla 'to entice, to 
betray', OE ttelan 'to blame, to rebuke, 
to slander'. Derived from Helo. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 341; Vries ANEW 604. 

*tělo sb.f: ON tál 'bait, alluremenť, OE 
tál 'evil speaking, calumny', OHG žala 
'plot, jeopardy'. Related to Halan. 
Semantically, Helo is particularly close to 
Gk hóXo<^ 'eunning', Lat dolus 'fraud, 
malice' (Fick BB II 209). Torp-Falk 
159; Holthausen AEEW 341; Walde- 
Hofmann I 366; Pokorný I 193; Vries 
ANEW 580-581; Zalizniak I 148; Frisk 
I 407-408; Lehmann GED 341. 

*těmiz adj.: Goth adv. ga-temiba 'appro- 
priately, congruently', MLG be-tame 
'befitting, appropriate', OHG gi-zami 
'suitable'. Derived from Hemanan. Torp- 
Falk 156; Feist 204-205; Pokorný I 
198; Seebold 501-502; Bammesberger 
Nom. 261; Matzel Festschr. Schroder 99, KZ 
CV 109; Heidermanns 594-595. 

*těwó sb.f: Goth tewa 'order', Lang záwa 
'(unlawful) association', OHG zouwa 'dye' 
(< *'preparation'). Derived from *tawjanan 
(Psilander KZ XLV 281-284). Fick III 
153 (to Lat decet 'to be seemly, to be 
appropriate'); Grienberger Got. 209 (to 



Hexan ~ Hexan); Brugmann Grundrifi I 609 
(to Gk SeTtivov 'meal'); Zupitza Gutt. 70; 
Torp-Falk 153 (< Hě^wo); Feist 476; 
Pokorný 1218; Vries ANEW 584; Leh- 
mann GED 343; Bammesberger jYom. 
120-121. 

*tibran sb.n.: Goth aibr 'sacrifice, offering' 
(leg. tibr, Grimm DM 36), OE uber, tifer id., 
OHG zebar id. Cf also ON tífurr 'god (?), 
offering (?)' in Vol. 31 (if not from OE). 
Continues IE *dtp-ro- (Schmidt Plur. 
199-200) attested also in Arm tvar 'male 
sheep' (Lidén Arm. St. 8-10; Sievers PBB 
X 509). Torp-Falk 155 (to Gk Sekvov 
'meal'); Holthausen AEE]V 346; Feist 
477; Pokorný I 222; Vries ANEW 590; 
Hamp JIES I 322 (from *di-bher- connected 
with *bher- 'to bring'); Must Festschr. Hill 
III 155-162; Lehmann GED 344; Kluge- 
Seebold 848 (from IE *ati-bher-, to *bher- 
'to bear'). 

*tifojanan wk.vb.: ON tifa 'to move the 
feet quickly, to trip', MHG zipfen 'to trip'. 
Of imitative origin. Siebs KZ XXXVII 
308 (to Gk Sécpco 'to soften by working 
with the hanď); Wood MLjVXXI 227 (to 
Gk 8i(páto 'to search after'); Holthausen 
PBB LXVI 272 (to OE tife 'bitch'); Vries 
ANEW 587 (to OHG zabalón 'to flutter'). 

*tÍ3Ón sb.f: Swed dial. ticka 'goat having a 
kiď, OHG ziga 'she-goať. Close to Lacon 
Sí^a- aXt,, AáKtoveq, Hes. (FickÁ^XLII 
148: erroneously adds Thrac -8ii^a in 
pln. < IE *dheigh-). Janzén Bu^ 21-31; 
Torp-Falk 1 63; Hirt lig. Gr. I 39 (taboo 
development of *ghid-); Meillet MSL 
XV 356 (contra Hirt); Detschew Tkr. 
132; Pokorný I 222; Onions 953; 
Kluge-Seebold 909. 

*tÍ3Ón ~ *tÍ3an sb.n./m.: ON tigi 
'charge, suspicion', MHG zie 'charge, 
aceusation'. Derived from Hixanan. 
Identical with Gk 8Íkti 'custom, usage'. 
Pokorný I 188-189; Vries ANEW 587; 
Frisk I 393—394 (an independent forma- 
tion in Gk Svkti and Skt Epic diía 'trend'). 

*tixtiz sb.m./f: OE tiht 'charge, aceusa- 
tion', OFris tiht id., MLG ticht id., OHG 
bi-ziht id. Identical with Skt disti- 'direc- 



tixtiz 



407 



tíko 



tion, prescription', Av á-dišti- 'intention, 
purpose, intention'. Further related to 
*tlxanan. Bartholomae 321; Torp-Falk 
163; Holthausen AEEW 348; Mayr- 
hofer II 44; Pokorný I 188; Lehmann 
GED 150; Bammesberger Nom. 139. 

*tikkójanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. tikka 'to 
tick', LG tikken id., MHG zicken 'to nudge, 
to touch'. Of imitative origin. Torp-Falk 
162-163; Pokorný I 187-188 (to nikkorí). 

*tikk5n sb.m./f.: ME tyke 'tick', MLG teke 
id., OHG zehho id. Related to Arm tiz 
'bug', Olr dega 'stag-beetíe' . Torp-Falk 
163; Pokorný I 187-188; Onions 922; 
Kluge-Seebold 905. 

*tilan sb.n.: Goth til 'opportunity, occa- 
sion', OE till 'fixed point, station', MLG 
til, tel 'point of time, aim', OHG zj.1 'end, 
limit, goal'. Substantivized *tilaz. The 
form of acc. is ušed as a preposition 'till'. 
Torp-Falk 161; Holthausen AEE1\' 
348; Feist 477; Pokorný I 3; Onions 
924; Lehmann GED 344-345; Kluge- 
Seebold 910. 

*tilaz adj.: Goth ga-tils 'appropriate', ON 
tilr 'useful, gooď, OE til 'good, apt, excel- 
lenť, OFris til 'gooď. Continues *di-lo- 
derived from *dei- 'to shine': Skt dideti, 
Gk impf. 8éaxo 'seemed'. Cf. Hinan. 
Persson T Vurzelerw. 115 (related to *talan); 
Karsten NB II 264-265; Pedersen KZ 
XXXLX 372 (foUows Persson); Torp- 
Falk 161; Feist 477 (to Lat diěs 'day'); 
Holthausen AEEW 348; Wissmann Postv. 
72; Pokorný I 3 (to W addas 'suitable', 
eddyl 'aim' < *ad-ilo-); Vries ANEW 588; 
Schubert Erw. 84-85; Lehmann GED 
344-345; Hamp IF XC 70 (samé as 
Pokorný); Bammesberger Nom. 249; Hei- 
dermanns 596-597; Kluge-Seebold 910. 

*tilójanan wk.vb.: Goth ga-tilon 'to reach, 
to attain', OE tilian 'to strive, to pursue', 
OFris tilia 'to testify, to build on', OLFr 
tilon 'to toil, to labor'. Derived from *tilan. 
Torp-Falk 161; Holthausen AEE~W 
348; Feist 477; Onions 924; Lehmann 
GED 344; Heidermanns 597; Kluge- 
Seebold 910. 

*tinan sb.n.: ON tin 'tin', OE tin id., OFris 



tin id., MLG tin id., OHG zin id. A light- 
colored metal called *di-no- and derived 
from *dei-\ Skt dideti 'to shine, to be 
brighť, Gk impf. 8éaxo 'seemed' (Wood 
MLN XV 329). Torp-Falk 164 (from 
Celtic, cf. Bret sten < *stagno- id.); Holt- 
hausen AEEW 349; Mayrhofer II 45; 
Pokorný I 183-185; Vries ANE]V 589; 
Zalizniak I 144; Frisk I 354; Onions 925. 

*titrójanan wk.vb.: ON titra 'to twinkle, 
to shake, to shiver', OHG zittaron 'to 
tremble'. Of imitative origin. Torp- 
Falk 164 (to Skt dráti 'to run, to hasten', 
Gk SiSpáoKco 'to run away'); Vries 
ANEU' 590; Kluge-Seebold 913. 

*tittó(n) sb.f: Norw dial. titta 'tiť, OE titt 
id. (mase), MLG titte id., MHG zitze id. 
A deseriptive stem. Torp-Falk 163-164. 

*tídiz sb.f: ON tíd 'time', OE tíd id., OFris 
tld id., OS tld id., OHG zit id. 
Etymologically close to Arm ti 'age', Alb 
dite 'day' < *di-ti- (Persson KZ XXXIII 
287). Cf. also Skt díti 'brightness, splen- 
dor'? Torp-Falk 160-161; Kluge 
ZdWf Vlil 145-146; Holthausen ^££71^ 
346; Mayrhofer II 44-45; Pokorný I 
176; Vries ANEW 587; Zalizniak II 190; 
Onions 923; Bammesberger Nom. 146; 
Kluge-Seebold 906; Orel AED 66-67. 

*tídjanan wk.vb.: ON tíSa 'to long for, to 
wish', MLG tiden 'to desire'. Derived from 
Hidiz. Torp-Falk 161; Vries ANE] V 587 . 

*tíxanan str.vb.: Goth ga-teihan 'to announce, 
to declare', ON 1 sg. pres. té 'to indicate', 
OE teón 'to aceuse', OFris pres. ur-ti(g)a 
'to refuse, to objecť, OS pres. af-tihan 'to 
děny, to refuse', OHG zihan 'to aceuse'. 
Connected with Hitt tekkuššái- 'to show', 
Skt dídesli 'to show', dišáti id., Gk 8eÍkvi>|íi 
id., Lat duo 'to say'. Torp-Falk 163; 
Feist 204; Holthausen AEEW 349; 
Walde-Hofmann I 348-349; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW 47 1-472; Mayrhofer II 43; 
Pokorný I 188; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
87; Vries ANE]V 590-591; Frisk I 
355-356; Seebold 498-500; Lehmann 
GED 150; Kluge-Seebold 905-906. 

*tlk5 sb.f: ON tik 'bitch', MLG tike id. 
Probably related to Hikkon. Torp-Falk 162. 



tima-li3az 



408 



tračto 



*tima-lÍ3az adj.: ON adv. tíma-liga 'timely, 
eariy', OE adv. tim-lice 'in good time, soon'. 
Derived from *tlmón. Onions 924. 

*tímójanan wk.vb.: ON tíma 'to happen, 
to befall', OE ^e-tímian id. Derived from 
*tlmón. Torp-Falk 161; Holthausen 
AEEW 349; Vries AMEW 588. 

*tímon sb.m.: ON tími 'time', OE tíma id., 
G dial. zimě 'opportunity' . Conťinues 
*dí-men- connected with *tíiiz. Torp- 
Falk 161; Holthausen AEE]V 348; 
Vries AMEW 588; Zalizniak I 155; 
Onions 924; Kluge-Seebold 906. 

*tínaz adj.: Goth sin-teins 'daily'. Identical 
with Lidi diena id., Latv diena id., OPrus 
acc. deinan id. < *deina. Further connected 
with Slav *dbnb id., Alb gdhij ~ gdhíj 'to 
stay awake at nighť < PAlb *ka-dínja, Lat 
nún-dinum 'market held every ninth day', 
Olr tré-denus 'for three days'. Brugmann 
Grundrifi 11/ 1 264, 298; Walde-Hofmann 
II 188; Feist 423; Pokorný I 183-187; 
Fraenkel 93; Vries AMEW 586; 
Lehmann GED 305; Orel AED 112. 

*tíriz sb.m.: ON tírr 'glory, renown', OE tír 
'glory, honor', OS tír id. Cf. also OFris 
tíre 'jewelry'. Probably derived from IE 
*dei(d)-\ Skt dideti 'to shine, to be brighť 
(see *tilaz). Torp-Falk 161; Holthausen 
AEE]\ r 349; Mayrhofer II 45; Pokorný 
I 186 (to Lith dyríti 'to look ouť); Vries 
AMEW 589; Van Windekens I 506 (to 
Toch AB tiri 'way, manner'); Heider- 
manns 596; Kluge-Seebold 910. 

*tíwaz sb.m.: Goth tyz 'name of ž-rune', 
ON theon. Týr, OE theon. Trj, Tíw id., 
OHG theon. *4ju id. Related to Skt déva- 
'goď, Av daevo 'démon', Lat deus 'goď, 
Lith diěvas id. continuing IE *deiuo- 
(Bremer IF III 301). Sievers PBB LX 
203; Grienberger PBB XXI 217, AMF 
XV 5; Bartholomae 667-670; Torp- 
Falk 162; Holthausen AEEW 350; 
Walde-Hofmann I 345-346; Feist 
486-487; Mayrhofer II 63-64; 
Pokorný I 185; Fraenkel 93-94; 
Zalizniak I 138; Vries ANEU 7 603; 
Lehmann GED 352; Watktns Gedenkschr. 
Giintert 102 (to Olr in Dagdae < Celt *clago- 



děuos 'good goď); Rudnyókyj Gedenkschr. 
Giintert 111 (to Slav *divo 'wonder', *divb 
'negative spirit, unfavorable goď); Bam- 

MESBERGER Nom. 94. 

*tč prep.: OE tó 'to', OFris to id., OS řoid., 
OHG zuo id. Cf. also WGmc forms with 
a different vocalism: OE te 'to', OFris te 
id., OS te id., OHG zi id. Close to Lat do- 
in donec 'up to', Latv da id., Slav *do id. 
Schmidt KZ XXVI 24 (Goth clu 'to' < 
*to); Torp-Falk 164; Holthausen AEEJ\ t 
343, 350; Walde-Hofmann I 325-326; 
Pokorný I 181-183; Fraenkel 78; 
Onions 927; Lehmann GED 96; Kluge- 
Seebold 915. 

*tómaz adj.: ON tómr 'empty', OE tóm id., 
OS tom 'single'. Derived from Hemanan. 
Karsten MB II 457; Torp-Falk 164- 
165; Holthausen AEE]V 351; Vries 
AME1V 594-595; Heidermanns 598. 

*tómjanan wk.vb.: ON tcema 'to empty', 
OFris terna 'to empty', OS tómian 'to free'. 
Derived from *tomaz. Torp-Falk 165; 
Vries ANE1V 604; Heidermanns 598. 

*t5wan sb.n.: ON tó 'tow', OE tow-hús 
'spinning-house'. Derived from Hawjanan. 
Torp-Falk 166; Holthausen AEE\ V 35 1 ; 
Vries AMEW 593; Kluge-Seebold 817. 

*tów(u)lan sb.n.: ON pl. tál 'tools', OE tó/ 
'tool, implement, instrument'. Derived 
from Hawjanan or directly from Howan. 
Loewenthal AMF XXXV 238 (to Skt 
daman- 'giver, donor'), I VuS X 168 (to Gk 
8rinóq 'fať); Wood MPXXIV 218 (to Gk 
8f|noq 'lanď); Holthausen AEEW 350; 
Vries ANE]V 594 (to *temran); Onions 
931; Lehmann GED 342. 

*trabó sb.f: ON pl. trefr 'fringes', MHG 
trabe id. Related to Gk 8péjtto 'to pluck', 
Skt drápí- 'mantle, garmenť. Torp- 
Falk 170; Mayrhofer II 77; Pokorný I 
211; Vries ^JVEir 597; Frisk I 417. 

*tradjanan wk.vb.: ON trešja 'to treaď, 
OE treddan 'to tread, to trample', MLG 
tredden 'to tread upon', OHG tretten 'to 
stamp on'. Derived from *tredanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 352; Vries ANEW 
596; Seebold 506; Lehmann GED 348. 

*tračto sb.f: ON trqd 'pen, a piece of 



trado 



409 



trewan 



fallow land', OS trada 'step, trace', 
OHG trata 'way'. Deríved from Hredanan. 
Torp-Falk 170; Vries ANEW 600; 
Seebold 505; Bammesberger JVom. 109. 

*traman ~ *tram5n sb.n./m.: ON pl. 
tramar 'fiends, demons', OE tem 'step', 
MLG tramě 'stair (of a ladder)'. 
Structurally close to Gk 8pónoc; 'course, 
race, running', cf. further 8pa|i£iv 'to 
run', Skt drámati 'to run abouť. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 352; Mayrhofer II 72; 
Pokorný I 204; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
108; Vries ANEW 596; Frisk I 419. 

*trapp5janan wk.vb.: Norw dial. trappa 
'to stomp', MLG trappen id. Cf. also OE 
treppan 'to treaď < *trappjanan. Related to 
Lith drebú, drebeti 'to tremble'. Torp- 
Faek 170; Pokorný I 204. 

*traujan sb.n.: OSwed tra 'corn-measure', 
OE fr/j, fréj 'tray, trough'. Derived from 
Hrewan. Holthausen AEE]V 353; 
Onions 938. 

*trausta-lausaz adj.: ON traust-lauss 
'without protection, helpless', MLG trost- 
los 'without comforť, OHG trost-los 
id. Compound of Hraustaz and Hausaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 91 (parallel formations). 

*trausta-líkaz adj.: ON fraust-ligr 'reliable, 
safe', OHG trost-lih 'solacing'. Derived 
from Hraustaz. Heidermanns 600. 

*traustan ~ *traustaz sb.n./m.: ON 
traust 'trust, shelter, confidence', OFris 
trast 'comforť, MLG trošt id., OHG trošt 
id. Substantivized *traustaz. Torp-Falk 
171; Keuge-Seebold 838. 

*traustaz adj.: ON traustr 'reliable, sure, 
strong', MLG ge-tróst 'confidenť, OHG 
gi-trost id. Continues *drou-stHo- 'firm', cf. 
Pers durušt- 'hard, strong' < *dru-stHo- 
(Osthoff Etym. 122-133, 145-146). 
Further related to *trewan (Benveniste 
Word X 257-259). Karsten NB II 334; 
Torp-Falk 171; Braune PBB XLIII 
383-390; Pokorný 1216; Vries ANEW 
596; Onions 946; Schubert Emo. 33; 
Benveniste IEL 85; Lehmann GED 346- 
347; Heidermanns 599-601; Ktuge- 
Seebold 838. 

*traustjan sb.n.: Goth trausti 'pact, coven- 



anť, OHG gi-trosti 'consolation, comforť. 
Derived from *traustaz. Benveniste IEL 
85; Heidermanns 600. 

*traustjanan wk.vb.: ON treysta 'to make 
trusty, to make strong', OS trostian 'to 
console, to comforť, OHG frósten 'to make 
confident, to console'. Derived from 
Hraustaz. Torp-Falk 171; Vries ANEW 
598; Heidermanns 600. 

*tredanan str.vb.: Norw treda 'to treaď, 
OE tredan id., OFris treda id., MLG treden 
id., OHG tretan id. A secondary transfor- 
mation of Hrudanan into a thematic 
e-grade (Meillet BSL XX 25). Torp- 
Falk 169-170; Holthausen AEEW 352; 
Vries ANEW 598; Onions 939; Seebold 
505-506; Lehmann GED 348; Kluge- 
Seebold 835. 

*tre3anan str.vb.: ON irreg. trega 'to 
grieve', OS tregan 'to suffer'. Of unknown 
origin. Torp-Falk 169; Persson Beitrdge 
46-47; Buga II 244 (to Lith drižti 'to 
become weak'); Holthausen AEEW 352; 
Fraenkel 97, 106 (to Lith drežeti 'to be 
unwilling'); Jóhannesson IEW 496; 
Pokorný I 226-227 (folio ws Búga); 
Vries ANEW 597; Seebold 506; Heider- 
manns 601-602. 

*tre3Ón sb.m.: ON tregi 'difficulty, reluc- 
tance, grief, OE tre^a 'pain, grief, vexa- 
tion', OS trego 'pain'. Cf. also Godr trigo 
'grief, regreť. Derived from Hre^anan. 
Torp-Falk 169; Holthausen AEEW 352; 
Feist 480; Scherer GBS 26; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 77; Zalizniak II 178; 
Lehmann GED 347. 

*trempanan str.vb.: Goth ana-trimpan 'to 
step up close to'. Related to Hrappqjanan. 
Based on the unattested str. *trep(p)anan. 
Torp-Falk 170. 

*trewan sb.n.: Goth triu 'stick, tree trunk', 
ON tré 'tree, wood', OE treów id., OFris 
trě id., OS trio 'tree, beam'. A uhematic 
derivative of *deru- : *drú- 'tree, wood': 
Hitt tam- 'wood', Skt daru 'piece of wood, 
wood', Av dauru- id., Gk 8ópt) 'wood, 
beam, spear', W derwen 'oak', Lith dervá 
'(resinous) pine-tree', Slav *dervo 'tree, 
wood' (Hirt IF I 477-478). Structurally 



trewan 



410 



trulljanan 



similar to Hcnewan. Grassman Rig. 595 
('harď > 'tree'); Osthoff Etym. 98-180 
(on the originál meaning); Bartholomae 
738-739; Torp-Falk 157; Specht KZ 
LXVI 58-59 (follows Grassmann); Holt- 
hausen AEEW 353; Feist 480-481; 
Mayrhofer II 36; Pokorný I 214-215; 
Fraenkel 90; Zalizniak I 146; Vries 
ANEW 597; Frisk I 411-412; Onions 
939; Friedrich Trees 140-149 (against 
Grassmann); Lindeman Verschárfung 16.18; 
Benveniste IEL 87—88; Anttila Schw. 
91; Lehmann GED 347-348. 

*trewinaz adj.: Goth triweins 'wooden', 
Norw trém 'harď, OE treówen 'of tree, 
wooden'. Derived from *trewan. Structur- 
ally similar to Gk 8pmvoi; 'of oak', Thrac 
ZiA|nja-8pir|VÓc;, name of Asclepios, Slav 
*dervérrb 'wooden'. Holthausen ^££11" 
353; Feist 481; Detschew Thr. 195-196; 
Frisk I 421; Benveniste IEL 87; Leh- 
mann GED 347. 

*trewwaz adj.: Goth triggws 'faithful, true', 
ON tíyggr id., OE treówe id., OFris triiiwe 
id., OS íriuwi id., OHG gi-triuwi. Based 
on *trewan (Osthoff Etym. 98-180). 
Karsten NB I 82; Torp-Falk 171; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 353; Feist 480; Sturte- 
vant MLN XXVIII 161; Pokorný I 
215-216; Vries ANEW 599; Onions 946; 
Benveniste IEL 85; Friedrich Trees 142; 
Ltndeman Verschárfung 148, 188; Lehmann 
Phon. 36-46 {-gg- < *-yH-), GED 347; 
Bammesberger Nom. 257; Heidermanns 
603-604; Kluge-Seebold 835. 

*trewwibo sb.f: ON tryggo 'faith, trust', 
OE treówd 'truth, faith, honor', OHG 
gi-tňuwida 'trust'. Derived from *trewwjanan. 
Torp-Falk 171; Holthausen AEEW 353; 
Vries ANEW 599; Onions 947; Heider- 
manns 603. 

*trewwjanan wk.vb.: ON tryggja, tryggoa 
'to make firm and trusty', OE treówan 
'to trusť, OS part. gi-triuwid 'allied, in 
alliance'. Derived from Hrewwaz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 353; Vries ANEW 599; 
Heidermanns 604; Kluge-Seebold 833. 

*treww5 sb.f: Goth triggwa 'covenant, tes- 
tament', OE tréow 'truth, faith', OFris 



triuwe 'fidelity, loyalty', OS treuwa id., 
OHG triuwa id. Substantivized Hrewwaz. 
Holthausen AEE1\' 353; Feist 480; 
Pokorný I 215-216; Zalizniak I 149; 
Onions 945; Lehmann GED 347; 
Heidermanns 603; Kluge-Seebold 835. 

*trewwon sb.m.: ON prop. Tryggpi, OHG 
gi-triuwo 'abider'. Derived from Hrewwaz. 
Heidermanns 603. 

*trudan sb.n.: ON trod 'treading, tram- 
pling', OE trod 'track'. Derived from 
Hrudanan. Torp-Falk 170; Holthausen 
AEEW 353; Seebold 506; Lehmann GED 
348; Bammesberger Nom. 58. 

*trudanan str.vb.: Goth trudan 'to tread, 
to trample', ON trooa id. Continues IE 
*dru-t-, widr *dreu- 'to run' preserved in 
Skt drávati 'to run, to hasten' (Osthoff 
Etym. I 372). Stokes IF XII 188; 
Mf.it tet BSL XX/64 25 (from aor.-pres. 
*drto); Torp-Falk 169-170; Feist 481; 
Jóhannesson IEW 483—485; Mayrhofer 
II 73; Pokorný I 204-206; Vries ANEW 
598; Onions 939; Seebold 505-506; 
Lehmann GED 348; Kluge-Seebold 835. 

*tru3an ~ *tru3az sb.n./m.: ON trog 
'trough', OE tn>3 id., OFris trog id., MLG 
troch id., OHG trog id. Originally, *'wooden' 
as suggested by its etymology — from 
*dru-kó-, to IE *deru- 'tree'. Cf. Hraujan, 
Hrewan. Torp-Falk 157; Holthausen 
AEEW 354; Pokorný I 216; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 98; Vries ANEW 598; 
Zalizniak II 173; Onions 945; Kluge- 
Seebold 837. 

*tru3Ílaz ~ *tru3Ílan sb.m./n.: ON try- 
gill 'littie trough', OHG trugil id. Derived 
from Hru^an ~ Hrujaz. Vries ANEW 599. 

*trullan sb.n.: ON troll, troll 'giant, fiend, 
démon, werewolf , MHG troll, trolle 'fiend' 
(mase, probably from ON). Of unknown 
origin. Any connection wiťh Hrewan? 
Sievers IF IV 339 (from Hruilan, to 
Hrudanan); Torp-Falk 172 (< Hruzlan); 
Elovist apud Vries (to EFris trul, trulle 
'fat person', G Troll id.); Pokorný I 205; 
Vries ANEW 598-599; Motz KZ 
LXXXLX 180-185; Kluge-Seebold 837. 

*trulljanan wk.vb.: ON trylla 'to enchant, 



trulljanan 



411 



tum]3ojanan 



to turn into a troll', MHG triillen 'to flut- 
ter'. Derived from *trullan. Torp-Falk 
172; Vries ANEW 599-600. 

*trumaz adj.: OE trum 'strong, firm'. 
Identical with Skt drmná- 'tree', Gk Hom 
pl. 8pt>|iá 'copse, tíhckeť, Thrac pln. Aiv- 
8 pú [0.T1 . Further connected with *trewan 
(Osthoff Etym. 109-111). Torp-Falk 
171; Holthausen yfEEIT 354; Detschew 
Thr. 137; Mayrhofer II 79; Pokorný I 
216; Frisk I 420; Heidermanns 605. 

*trumpojanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. trompa 
'to hit, to push', MHG trumpfen 'to run'. 
Based on *trempanan. Torp-Falk 170. 

*trusan sb.n.: ON tros 'droppings, rubbish, 
twigs and leaves ušed for fueP, OFris tros 
'tree stump'. Derived from *trewan. Torp- 
Falk 171 (to ON tjqrn 'pool, small lake'), 
NNEO 816 (to Norw trysja 'to rattle); 
Johansson PBB XV 238 (to Latv dirst 
'cacare'); Pokorný I 216; Vries ANE1\' 
599. 

*trúčtaz sb.m.: ON trúSr juggler', OE trud 
'trumpeter, actor'. Identical with Olr 
drúth 'fool' . Holthausen KZ LXXII 203 
(to Hrudanan), AEElť 354; Bugge Indf. 64 
(ON < OE); Fischer Lehnw. 19 (ON < 
Olr); Hammerich AjYF XXXVIII 36 (to 
Dan trygle, LG troggelen 'to beg'); Pokorný 
I 216; Vries ANEW 599. 

*trúwó sb.f: ON tni 'trust, belief, faiuV 
OE trúw 'faiťh', OHG trúwa 'belief, trust' 
Related to *trewwaz. Torp-Falk 1 7 1 
Holthausen AEEJ V 354; Pokorný 1216 
Vries ANEW 599; Zalizniak II 184: 
Benveniste IEL 85; Lehmann GED 346. 

*trúwěnan wk.vb.: Goth trauan 'to trust' 
(with a different vocalism), ON tria 'to 
trust, to believe', OE trúwian 'to trust, to 
confide', OS truon 'to trust', OHG trúm 
'to hope'. Derived from Hrúwo. Torp- 
Falk 171; Holthausen AEEl\ r 354; Feist 
479; Vries ANEW 599; Stang LS 20 
(directly to OPrus druwit 'to believe'); Leh- 
mann GED 346-347; Kluge-Seebold 833. 

*tuďdón sb.m.: ON toddi 'bit, piece, 
bunch, tufť, EFris todde 'bundle' (fem.), E 
tod 'bush', Du todde 'scrab, rag', OHG 
zotto 'bush'. Of unknown origin. Torp- 



Falk 167; Martinet Gém. 87, 197; Po- 
korný I 178 (to *3a-tassaz); Vries ANEW 
593; Onions 928; Kluge-Seebold 915. 

*tu3an sb.n.: ON tog 'line, ropě', OE sceaft- 
to$ 'strap attached to the shaft of a mis- 
sile', OHG bi-zog 'cover' (mase). Derived 
from Heuxanan. Torp-Falk 166; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 350; Vries ANEW 594; 
Seebold 504; Lehmann GED 346; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 57. 

*tu3Ílaz sb.m.: ON tygill 'string, strap, 
ťhong', OE ty^el 'strap, trace', MLG togel 
'rein', OHG zugil id. Derived from Heux- 
anan. Lowenthal AfslPh XXXVII 389 
(to Slav *kodblo 'kin'); Torp-Falk 167; 
Holthausen AEEW 358; Vries ANEW 
602; Seebold 504; Kluge-Seebold 916. 

*tu3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON toga 'to draw', OE 
to3Ían id., OFris togia 'to pull strongly', 
MLG togen 'to tow, to pull', OHG zogon 
'to rock'. Derived from Hu^an. Torp- 
Falk 166; Holthausen AEEW 350; 
Vries ANEW 594; Onions 934; Seebold 
504; Lehmann GED 346. 

*tuxtiz sb.f: Goth us-tauhts 'completion', 
OE tyht 'way, manner, motion, move' 
(mase), OFris tocht 'upbringing, disci- 
plině', OS athum-zuht 'breath', OHG 
zuht 'breeding, upbringing'. Derived 
from *teuxanan. Torp-Falk 166; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 358; Feist 535; Seebold 
504; Bammesberger Nom. 140; Kluge- 
Seebold 915. 

*tul3uz adj.: Goth tulgus 'firm, steadfasť, 
OE adv. tul^e 'strongly, firmly', OS adv. 
tulgo 'very'. Etymologically identical with 
Hitt daluki- 'long', Skt dirghá- id., Av 
dardga- id., Gk 8o^.ixói; id., Slav *dblgb id. 
(Diefenbach apud Schweizer A'^ I 558). 
Bartholomae 693-694; Torp-Falk 168; 
Feist 482-483; Holthausen AEE1\ r 355; 
Mayrhofer II 47; Pokorný I 197; Frisk 
I 406-407; Szemerényi K~ XCIII 
107-110 (to IE *delgh- 'to capture, to 
cling': Av darsz- 'to fasten', Brit *dalg- 'to 
hold'); Lehmann GED 349; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 262; Heidermanns 607. 

*tumb5janan wk.vb.: ON tumba 'to tum- 
ble', OE tumbian 'to tumble, to dance', 



tumJDójanan 



412 



turjjan 



MLG dumben 'to behave stupidly', OHG 
tumbon, tumben id. Of imitative origin. 
Holthausen AEE]V 355; Onions 948. 

*tum-f(e)tiz sb.f.: ON topt, tu.pt, torní 'pláce 
marked out for a house, a square piece of 
ground with walls but without roof. 
Structurally close to Gk 8ájte8ov 'floor' < 
*dm-pedo- (Bugge PBB XXI 42). Further 
related to Hemran and *fotz ~ *fotuz. 
Torp-Falk 156; Pokorný I 198; Vries 
AMEW 595; Frisk I 347-348. 

*tunctran ~ *tundró sb.n./f.: ON tundr 
'tinder', OE tynder id., MLG tunder id., 
OHG zuntara id. Related to *tanijanan. 
Torp-Falk 155; Holthausen AEElf 
358; Pokorný I 198; Vries ANEW 600; 
Zalizniak II 184; Onions 925; Lehmann 
GED 341; Kluge-Seebold 916. 

*tun3lan sb.n.: Goth tuggl 'stár, constella- 
tion', ON tungl 'moon', OE tun^ol 'heav- 
enly body, Star, planet, constellation', OS 
tungal 'constellation' (in cmpn.), OHG 
hirnil-zungal id. Despite the tradition of 
deriving it from a dissimilated Hul^lan 
based on Hul^uz, the old explanation 
from Hun^on (Grimm DM II 663) seems 
preferable. Grienberger Got. 2 1 0—2 1 1 
(to Lith dangús 'sky'); Torp-Falk 168; 
Krogmann KZ LXIH 258-260 (to 
Handjanan); Holthausen AEE]\ t 355; 
Feist 481-482; Pokorný I 197; Vries 
ANE1V 601; Zalizniak I 144; Lehmann 
GED 348. 

*tun3Ón sb.f.: Goth tuggo 'tongue', ON 
tunga id., OE tun^e id., OFris tunge id., OS 
tunga id., OHG zunga id. Related to other 
highly variative Indo-European forms: 
Toch A pl. kántu, B kantwo id. (< PToch 
*tdnkwo), Skt jihvd id., Av hizů id., Arm 
lezu, Lat lingua id., Olr tengae, Lith liežuvis 
id., Slav *j$zykb id. Zupitza Gutt. 101, 
205; Bartholomae 1815; Torp-Falk 
168; Holthausen AEE]V 355; Walde- 
Hofmann I 806-807; Feist 482; Porzig 
Gliederung 129; Mayrhofer I 436-437; 
Pokorný I 223; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
88; Fraenkel 369-370; Vries AME]V 
600; Zalizniak I 156; Vendryes T- 
50-51; Mayrhofer I 436-437; Onions 



930; Wtnter JIES X 167-186; Lehmann 
GED 349; Bammesberger JVom. 175; 
Kluge-Seebold 917; Huld Festschr. 
Puhvel I 81 (*3w > *3 dissimilated under 
the influence of *-u- in the first syllable); 
Adams TB 139. 

*tunbskaz sb.m.: ON prn. Rata-toskr (= 
*'squirrel'), OE tusc 'canine tooth, molar, 
tusk', OFris tusk 'tooth'. Derived from 
*tunpuz. Torp-Falk 154; Holthausen 
^££■[1' 355; Pokorný I 289; Vries 
AVEir596. 

*tunbuz sb.m.: Goth tunpus 'tooth'. Zero 
grade of *(e)dont-, see *tan\tz- Close to Skt 
gen. datáh, Lat deru id., Olr dít id. reflect- 
ing the samé ablaut grade. Schmidt KZ 
XXXII 329 (on connection widr *IE 
*ed- 'to eať); Torp-Falk 154; Walde- 
Hofmann I 340-341; Feist 483; Porzig 
Gliederung 124, 155; Mayrhofer II 16; 
Pokorný I 289; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
103; Zalizniak II 211; Lehmann GED 
349; Bammesberger Nom. 202. 

*tuppaz sb.m.: ON toppr 'tuft, lock of 
hair', OE topp 'top', OFris topp 'tufť, Du 
top 'crest, summit', OHG zopf 'plaited 
hair'. Identical with Slav *dyb~b 'standing 
erecť, with a lengthening according to 
Winter's law, cf. further *dybati 'to stick 
up, to protrude' (Berneker I 249) based 
on *ďbb'b < *dubo- (Trubachev ESSJa V 
198). Petersson SVSL I 70 (to OHG 
zumpfo 'penis'); Torp-Falk 168; Bloom- 
field Germanica 95 (on *-pp-)', Holt- 
hausen A]VN 306 (samé as Berneker), 
AEE\V 351; Martinet Gém. 188, 197 
Pokorný I 177 (to IE *dap- 'to divide') 
Vries ANEJV 595; Zalizniak I 136 
Onions 931; Trubachev ESSJa V 197- 
198; Kluge-Seebold 914; Dybo BSA 
142-143. 

*tuppójanan wk.vb.: Notw dial. tuppa 'to 
piek, to twitch', early Du toppen id., G 
zupfen id. Derived from Huppaz. Torp- 
Falk 168. 

*turfoan ~ *turbaz sb.n./m.: ON torf 
'turf, OFris turf id., MLG turf \á. Close 
to Skt darbhá- 'tuft of grass', Slav *dbrba 
'plowed fielď. Torp-Falk 158; Mayr- 



turJDan 



413 



twalifton 



hofer II 23; Pokorný I 212; Vries 
ANEW 595; Zalizniak I 184; Griepen- 
trog l^urzelnomina 403—404; Kluge- 
Seebold 828-829. 

*turbjanan wk.vb.: ON tyrfa 'to cover with 
turf', OE ^e-tyrfan 'to hit, to strike', MDu 
turven, torven 'to extract peať. Derived 
from *turtan ~ *turtaz, *turíó(n). Hol- 
thausen AEEW 358; Vries ANEW 603. 

*turbó(n) sb.f.: ON torfa 'piece of peať, OE 
turf 'turf'. See *turb~an ~ *turb~az. Torp- 
Falk 158; Holthausen AEEW 355; Vries 
ANEW 595; Zalizniak I 184; Onions 949. 

*turčtan sb.n.: OE tord 'turd, dung', MDu 
tort, torde id. Probably from part. *drtó-, to 
Latv dirst 'cacare' (Persson BB XIX 283). 
Torp-Falk 156-157 Holthausen AEEW 
351; Specht KZ LXVI 203 (to Gk 
8ap8aív(o 'to stain', Hes.); Pokorný I 
207; Onions 949. 

*turda-webilaz sb.m.: ON tord-yfill 
'dung-beede', OE tord-wifel id., ODu tort- 
wevel id. A compound of *turdan and *weti- 
laz. Carr Nom. comp. 52; Vries ANEW 
595; Onions 949; Zalizniak I 137. 

*turxtaz adj.: OE torht 'bright, splendiď, 
OS torht id., OHG zoraht id. Identical 
with Skt drstá- 'seen, visible', Olr an-dracht 
'ugly' < *drk-tó-. Further related to *tarx- 
janan. Zupitza Gutt. 17; Torp-Falk 
157-158; Holthausen AEEW 351; 
Mayrhofer II 61; Pokorný I 213; 
Lehmann GED 150; Bammesberger Nom. 
250; Heidermanns 607-608. 

*turnaz adj.: OE tom 'grievous, distressing, 
bitter', OS tom 'bitter, painful', MHG 
zoru 'furious'. Derived from Heranan. 
Structurally close to Skt dirna- 'torn, rent', 
W dam 'piece, part', Slav *dbrm> 'turf < 
*drHnó-. Torp-Falk 157; Holthausen 
AEEh r 351; Mayrhofer II 47; Lehmann 
GED 150; Lůhr Expr. 330; Heidermanns 
608-609; Kluge-Seebold 915. 

*turnójanan wk.vb.: Gouh af-tauman 'to 
tear off ', Du tomen 'to deparť. Related to 
Hitt tarna- 'to leave', Skt drnati 'to burst, 
to tear' (Feist 12). Formally derived from 
*turnaz. Torp-Falk 156; Mayrhofer II 
59; Lehmann GED 8. 



*tutó(n) ~ *tutaz sb.f./m.: Icel tota 'toe 
(of a boot)', Norw tot 'moutír', OE tot 
'projection', MLG tote 'top, point'. Of 
unknown origin. Holthausen AEE]\ J 
351; Vries ANEW 596. 

*túnan ~ *túnaz sb.m./n.: ON tun 
'hedged plot, enclosure', OE tún 'enclo- 
sure, court, yard', OFris tun Tence', OS 
tun id., OHG zun id. (< *tuniz). Borrowed 
from Celtic, cf. Gaul Aoúvov, Olr dun 
'casde', OW din id. Torp JV7VEO 8 1 6 (to 
Gk Ďtivaiiii; 'power, mighť); Wood MLN 
XVI 18 (to Heuxanan); Torp-Falk 165 
Holthausen AEEW 355; Pokorný I 263 
Vries ANEW 600 (related to Olr dún) 
Zalizniak II 190; Onions 934; Marty- 
nov Jazyk 31—34 (from Slav *tyrn> 'fence'); 
Lerchner 164; Bammesberger Nom. 73; 
Fsluge-Seebold 904. 

*túnjan sb.n.: ON sam-týnis 'abutting, ad- 
joining', OE ^e-týne 'courť, MHG ge -ziune 
'fencing'. Derived from Hunem ~ *túnaz. 
Holthausen AEE\ I ' 358; Vries ANE1 V 603. 

*tútaz ~ *tútó sb.m./f.: Norw dial. tút 
'muzzle, snouť, EFris túte 'pipe, snouť, 
MLG túte 'blow-horn'. Related to *tuto(n) 
~ Maz. Torp-Falk 167; Onions 933. 

*twalifa-wentruz ~ *twalifa-wentr- 
jaz adj.: Goth twalib-wintrus 'twelve years 
olď, OE twelf-wintre id., OFris twelef-wintre 
id., MLG twelef-wintre id. Compound of 
Hwalifa and *wentruz ~ *wentrjaz (see 
*wentruz). Carr Nom. comp. 65. 

*twalifa num.: Goth twalif 'twelve', ON 
tólj id. (< Hwaluf-), OE twelf id., OFris 
twelef id., OS twelif id., OHG zwelif id. A 
structure similar to that of *ainlifa. Structur- 
ally close to Liuh dvýlika id. Torp-Falk 
172; Holthausen AEEJ I r 356; Feist 485; 
Porzig Gliederung 146; Fraenkel 108; 
Vries AME]V 594; Onions 951; Lehmann 
GED 350; Ross-Berns Numerah 596-597; 
Fíluge-Seebold 920. 

*twalifton num.: ON tólfti 'twelfth', OE 
twelfta id., OFris twilifta id., MDu twalefde 
id., OHG zwelifto id. Derived from Hwa- 
lifa. Holthausen AEEW 356; Vries 
AVEir 594; Onions 951; Ross-Berns 
Numerah 634. 



twaliftiz 



414 



two(u) 



*twaliftiz sb.f.: ON tylft 'body of twelve', 
OFrank tualepti id. Derived from Hwalifa. 
Vries ANEW 602. 

*twi3an sb.n.: Dan toige 'branch', OE twÍ3 
'branch, twig', MLG twich id., OHG zwig 
id. Related to *two(u). Close to Slav 
*dvigb 'branch' (Trubaohev Etim. 4—6). 
Torp-Falk 173; Holthausen AEE]\ t 
357; Onions 951; Ross-Berns Numerah 
659; Rluge-Seebold 918. 

*twislaz ~ *twizlaz sb.m.: Norw tvisl 
'unstable person', OE twisla 'fork (of a 
river, road)' (rastem), MLG twil 'branch 
split into a fork'. Derived from *twiz. 
Pokorný I 230; Ross-Berns Numerah 662. 

*twislójanan wk.vb.: Norw twisla 'to vac- 
illate', OE twislian 'to fork, to branch', 
MHG zwiselen 'to fork'. Derived from 
Hwislaz ~ *twizlaz. Pokorný I 230; 
Ross-Berns Numerah 662. 

*twistaz sb.m.: Norw tvist 'flaw in a fab- 
ric', OE twist 'branch, fork (?)', mtest-twist 
'ropě to support a mast', OFris twist 'dis- 
sension', OS twist id., MHG zwist id. 
Structurally close to Skt dvistha- 'staying 
in two places, ambiguous'. Further con- 
nected with *twiz. Mayrhofer II 86; 
Pokorný I 232; Vries ANEW 602; Leh- 
mann GED 352; Ross-Berns Numerah 660. 

*twis-wóz adv.: ON tvisvar 'twice', OE 
twiwa id., OFris twi(rja id., OS twio id., 
OHG zwiror id. Derived from *twiz. 
Bezzenberger BB VII 77; Torp-Falk 
173; Holthausen AEE]V 357; Kluge 
Nom. Stamm. 260; Loewe K^_ XLVII 
99-102; Lehmann GED 352. 

*twiz adv.: MHG zwir, zwier 'twice'. 
Continues IE *duis- 'twofold, twice': Skt 
dvih, Av bis, Gk 8í<;, Lat bis. See *two(u). 
Bartho-lomae 966; Walde-Hofmann I 
107; Mayrhofer II 86; Pokorný I 
231-232; Frisk I 398-399; Lehmann 
GED 352; Kluge-Seebold 919-920. 

*twiznaz sb.m.: ON adj. tvinnr 'twofold, 
double', OE twin id., MLG sbst. trnem 
'two-cored threaď, MHG zwirn id. 
Derived from *twiz. Structurally close to 
Lat bini 'two by two, pair' < *duisno-. 
Torp-Falk 173; Holthausen AEE]\ t 



357; Walde-Hofmann I 106; Pokorný I 
231; Chemodanov SGGJa I 86; Vries 
ANEW 602; Onions 952; Ross-Berns 
Numerah 645-646; Kíuge-Seebold 920. 

*twiznójanan wk.vb.: ON tvinna 'to 
twine, to twist threaď, MLG twernen id., 
OHG zwirnen id. Derived from *twiznaz. 
Torp-Falk 173-174; Vries ANEW 602. 

*twíflaz sb.m.: Goth tweifls 'doubť, OFris 
twifil id., MLG twífel id., OHG zwífal id. 
Etymologically identical with Gk 8i-xAóoi; 
'double, twofold', Lat duplus id., Umbr 
dupla, Olr díabul id., cf. also Av bijřa- 
'comparison' continuing *dui-plo — *duei- 
plo- (Schmidt KZ XVI 431; Pedersen 
Kelt. Gr. I 237). Grienberger Got. 211; 
Zupitza Gutt. 16; Bartholomae 965; 
Torp-Falk 173; Solmsen PBB XXVII 
358—360 (derivative in -/- of a form sim- 
ilar to Lith dvejópas 'twofold'); Thurneysen 
ZfceltPh XIII 107; Walde-Hofmann I 
383-384; Feist 485-486; Pokorný I 230, 
802; Zalizniak I 136; Frisk I 121-122; 
Lehmann GED 351; Ross-Berns Numerah 
663; Fvluge-Seebold 918. 

*twífljanan ~ *twífl5janan wk.vb.: 
Goth tweifljan 'to cause doubť, OS 
twiflian, twifion id., MHG zwívelon id. De- 
rived from *twiflaz. Feist 485; Lehmann 
GED 351. 

*twíxnaz adj.: Goth pl. mase. tweihnai 'two 
each', ON toénn 'double', OE tweóne 'dou- 
ble, not simple', OFris twine 'two, two 
each, double'. Derived from *twixon. 
Brugmann Grundúfi II/2 8-11, 64, 78; 
Torp-Falk 173; Holthausen AEE]\ t 
356; Feist 486; Pokorný I 231; Onions 
952; Lehmann GED 351; Ross-Berns 
Numerah 643. 

*twíx5n sb.m.: OE tweó 'doubť, OS tweho 
id., OHG zweho id. Close to Skt dvika- 
'consisting of two' (Brugmann Distr. 
36—37). Further see Hwlflaz. The ori- 
ginál numeric meaning of Hwíxon is pre- 
served in its derivative Hwlxnaz. 
Holthausen AEE1V 356; Feist 486; 
Mayrhofer II 84; Pokorný I 231; 
Lehmann GED 351. 

*twó(u) num: mase, fem., neut. Goth twai, 



two(u) 



415 



t>ana 



twos, twa 'two', ON tneir, tvář, tvá, tvau id., 
OE twé$en, twá, tú id., OFris twen, twa id., 
OS twěne, twa, two, twě id., OHG zwěne, 
zwo, zwei id. Difficult secondary forms in 
WGmc (Helten IF XVIII 92) continuing 
Hwajina-. Related to Toch A wu, B wi id., 
Skt d(u)va id., Gk 8t>o id., Alb dy id., Lat 
duo id., Slav *dbva id. Brugmann Grundňft 
II/2 8—11; Torp-Falk 172; Holthausen 



AEEW 357; Walde-Hofmann I 381-383, 
Feist 484-485; Sturtevant JEGP XXVII 
371-382; Mayrhofer II 82; Pokorný I 
228-232; Vries ANEW 601; Szemerényi 
Mumerals 24; Frisk I 424-425; Onions 
951-952; Lehmann GED 350; Ross- 
Berns jYumerals 565—571 (compounds 
with *enaz in WGmc); Keuge-Seebold 
918; Orel AED 79; Adams TB 598-599. 



*bafjanan wk.vb.: ON pejja 'to stir, to 
thicken', EFris dafen 'to hit, to pounď, 
OHG bi-debben 'to suppress'. Close to Lith 
tapau, tapýti 'to paint, to color, to smear', 
further related to Lith tepu, tepů 'to smear, 
to anoinť, Slav *tepq, Hepti 'to hit, to 
beať. Trautmann BSW 319; Pokorný I 
1056; Fraenkel 1057, 1081 Vries ANEW 
606-607. 

*baxěnan ~ *ba3ěnan wk.vb.: Goth 
pahan 'to keep secret, to be silenť, ON 
'to be silenť, OS thagian id., OHG 
id. Identical with Lat taceo id., Gk 
xr|Kto 'to melt' (for the semantic mecha- 
nism see Trubachev PIEJa 100-105). 
Fick I 439; Prellwitz BB XXI 162 
(adduces Olr tachtaid 'to suffocate'); 
Meillet MSL XV 351-352; Zupitza 
Gutt. 210; Torp-Falk 177; Walde- 
Hofmann II 641-642; Feist 487-488; 
Porzig Gliederung 107; Pokorný I 1055; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 91; Vries ANEW 
607; Frisk II 891; Lehmann GED 353. 

*baxsuz sb.m.: Norw svin-toks 'badger', 
MLG das id., OHG dahs id. OriginaUy, 
*'builder' connected with *pexsanan 

(SCHRADER-NEHRmG I 180). TORP-FALK 

178; Sommer ZFXXXI 359-360 (against 
connection with *pexsanan); Pokorný I 
1059; Kluge-Seebold 159. 
*bakan sb.n.: ON pak 'thatch, roof, OE 
otec id., MLG dack id., OHG dah id. 
Connected with Gk xéyoí;, xéyT| 'roof, 



house', Olr těch 'house', Lat toga 'cover- 
ing, garmenť, Lith stógas 'roof and is 
eventually derived from *(s)teg- 'to cover'. 
Torp-Falk 176; Trautmann BS]V 288; 
Holthausen AEE1V 359; Walde-Hofmann 
II 654-655; Pokorný I 1013-1014; 
Fraenkel 911; Vries AME1V 605; Zaliz- 
niak II 184; Frisk II 780-781; Onions 
914; Kluge-Seebold 159. 

*J)akjanan wk.vb.: ON pekja 'to cover, to 
thatch', OE deccan 'to cover', OFris thekka 
id., OS thekkian id., OHG decken id. 
Derived from *pakan 'roof. Torp-Falk 
176; Holthausen AEE]\ t 361; Pokorný I 
1014 (to Olr -tuigiur 'to cover' < *togeio); 
Vries AMW 607; Onions 914; Kluge- 
Seebold 165. 

*J)akj5(n) sb.f: ON pekja 'roof, OFris 
thekke id., OHG dečka id. Derived from 
*pakan. Torp-Falk 176; Pokorný I 1014; 
Vrtes AMEW 607. 

*J)amhaz sb.n.: ON á pamba 'with full 
belly, swollen'. Identical with Slav *toprb 
'blunť (Fick I 443; Lidén IF XLX 362- 
365) and Toch A tampe 'force, ability'. 
Torp-Falk 181; Pokorný I 1065; Vries 
ANEW 605; Bammesberger Nom. 238; 
Heidermanns 611-612; Adams TB 254. 

*bana conj., ptcl.: Goth pan 'but, then', 
ON pí 'then', OE oan id., OFris than id., 
OS than id., OHG dan id. Continues 
demonstrative *pa- (see *pat) with a par- 
ticle *na. Similar to *xwana ~ *xwannai. 



t>ana 



416 



p~ar]Denan 



Cf. also the univerbation with an unclear 
*ie in Goth pan-de 'while', OE den-de-n id. 
(< *pandiri), OHG danta 'because, thať. 
Skutsch Glotta I 305—306 (to Lat tum 
'then'); Brugmann Grundrifi II/2 736; 
Hirt IF VI 69 (*de to -do in Lat quando 
'when'); Torp-Falk 174-175; Dal NTS 
LX 208, 215; Holthausen AEEW 360, 
362; Feist 489-490; Walde-Hoffmann 
II 398 (*iě from IE *dhě- 'to puť); 
Pokorný I 1086-1087; Vries ANEW 605; 
Lehmann GED 354-355. 

*bananě adv., ptcl.: ON panan 'thence', 
OE banán id., OS thanana id., OHG 
danana id. Derived from *pana. Torp- 
Falk 175; Holthausen AEEW 361; 
Vries ANEW 605; Lehmann GED 354. 

*ban3Ílaz sb.m.: ON pengill 'prince, king', 
OE drnčel 'prince'. Derived from *penxanan. 
Sutterlin BB XVII 165 (to Gk xánato 
'to draw up, to form, to array'); Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 362; Pokorný I 1068 (to 
OS a-thengian 'to také out, to carry ouť); 
Vries ANEW 608; Lehmann GED 359. 

*J}anx5n sb.f.: Goth paho 'clay', ON pá 
'thawed grounď, OE dóhe, 5ó 'clay', 
MLG da id., OHG daha 'clay vessel, 
clay'. Derived from *penxanan. Torp- 
Falk 179; Holthausen AEE] I "366; Feist 
488; Trier Lehm 16-23; Pokorný I 1068; 
Vries ANEW 609; Zalizniak II 228; 
Lehmann GED 353 (from a non-IE 
source); Kluge-Seebold 827-828. 

*]3anjanan wk.vb.: Goth uf-panjan 'to 
stretch out, to strive for', ON penja 'to 
stretch, to extenď, OE óennan id., OS 
thennian id., OHG dennen id. Related 
to Skt tanóti 'to expand, to extend, to 
spreaď, Gk xeívco 'to stretch', Lat teneo 'to 
hold', Lith tinstu, tinti 'to swelT. Torp- 
Falk 178; Holthausen AEEh r 362; 
Walde-Hofmann II 664-665; Feist 
513-514; Mayrhofer I 475; Pokorný 
I 1065-1066; Fraenkel 1099; Vries 
ANEW 609; Frisk II 863-865; Lehmann 
GED 374; Kluge-Seebold 167. 

*bankaz sb.m.: Goth pagks 'thanks, favor', 
ON fem. pqkk 'gratitude', OE ianc 'favor, 
grace, satisfaction, thanks', OFris thank 



'thanks, favor', OS thank id., OHG dam 
id. Connected with *pankjanan. Torp- 
Falk 179; Holthausen AEEW 360; Feist 
487; Vries ANEW 631; Zalizniak II 
190; Onions 914; Lehmann GED 353; 
Heidermanns 612; Fvluge-Seebold 162. 

*bankjanan irreg. wk.vb.: Goth pagkjan 'to 
think, to pian', ON pekkja 'to perceive, to 
know, to comply', OE dencan 'to think', 
OFris thenza, thanka id., OS thenkian id., 
OHG denken id. Structurally and etymo- 
logically close to Lat tongeo 'to know' 
(Vaniček 99). Further cf. Toch B cdnk- 'to 
please'. Aufrecht K£ I 353; Arbois de 
Jubainville MSL XI 330 (to Olr tongu 'to 
swear'); Wood CPh III 85-86 (to Gk 
TEtayróv 'grasping'); Zupitza Gutt. 216; 
Torp-Falk 179; Holthausen AEEW 
362; Walde-Hofmann II 690; Feist 487; 
Pokorný I 1088; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
68, 91; Vries ANEW 607; Onions 917; 
Lehmann GED 353; Kluge-Seebold 
170-171; Adams TB 253. 

*pankjaz adj.: ON pekkr 'agreeable, pleas- 
ant, pliable', MDu ge-denke 'mindful', 
OHG in-denki 'favorite'. Derived from 
*pankjanan. Karsten JVB II 446; Hei- 
dermanns 613. 

*bankójanan wk.vb.: ON pakka 'to 
thank', OE dancian id., OFris thonkia 
id., OS thankon id., OHG gi-dancon id. 
Derived from *pankaz. Torp-Falk 179; 
Holthausen AEEW 360; Vries ANEW 
605; Lehmann GED 353; Peeters IF 
XCIV 297. 

*Jíar ~ *\>ěr adv.: Goth par 'there', ON 
par id., OE 5ár id., OFris ther id., OS thar 
id., OHG dar id. Derived from *pa- (see 
*paí) with a locative -r. Cf. also OS thar- 
od 'there', OHG thar-ot id. with the sec- 
ond part related to Skt utá 'and, also', 
Gk *i)T£ in Gk t|Úte 'as, like as', pron. 
oútoq. Torp-Falk 175; Holthausen 
^££11 '360; Feist 490 (to Skt tár-hi 'then, 
at that time'); Pokorný I 74, 1087; Frisk 
I 646; Vries ANEW 605; Onions 916; 
Lehmann GED 355; Kluge-Seebold 159. 

*barběnan ~ *barfenan wk.vb.: Goth 
ga-parban 'to abstain', OS tharbon 'to be 



p~ar]3ěnan 



417 



t>at 



needy', OHG dcirběn 'to miss, to lack'. 
Derived from *parfa. Kirchhoff K^ I 
39; Torp-Falk 182; Feist 490; Seebold 
509; Lehmann GED 355; Kluge-Seebold 
162-163 (from *parto). 

*barb(j)a-li3az adj.: ON perfi-ligr 'useful, 
convenienť, OE oearf-líc 'necessary, use- 
ful'. Derived from *parfaz ~ *parfdn. 
Vries AMW 609. 

*J)arb5janan wk.vb.: ON parfa 'to need, 
to wanť, OE deaifian 'to be in neeď, 
OFris thervia 'to get losť, OS tharbon 'to 
miss, to lack'. Derived from *paifaz ~ 
*parfon. Torp-Faek 182; Holthausen 
AEEW 361; Vries ANEW 606; Lehmann 
GED 355; Heidermanns 613. 

*J)arfa str.vb.: Goth parf 'to neeď, ON parf 
id., OE dearf id., OFris thor, thorf, thurf id., 
OS tharfiá., OHG darf id. Related to Skt 
tfpyati, trpnóti 'to satisfy oneself, to be 
pleaseď, Gk T8p7tonai 'to enjoy', Lith 
tarpstu, tařpti 'to thrive, to prosper', OPrus 
enterpo 'to fiť (Keuge KZ XXV 311-312; 
Saussure MSL VII 83—84: semantic con- 
nection between 'taking away' as in Skt 
pašu-típ- 'stealing cattle' and 'enjoying'). 
GRrENBERGER Got. 213-214; Keuge KZ 
XXV 311-312; Wood MLN XX 102 
104; Collitz MLJVXX 105; Uhlenbeck 
TMTL XXV 299-300; Meringer IF 
XVIII 225-226; Torp-Falk 182; Traut- 
mann BSW 314; Sverdrup KTS II 83 (on 
the semantic development in Gmc); Feist 
491-492; Holthausen AEEW 372; 
Jóhannesson IEW 444; Mayrhofer I 
524; Pokorný I 1077-1078; Fraenkel 
1062-1063; Vries AMW 627; Frisk II 
881-882; Seebold 509-510; Lehmann 
GED 356-357; Kluge-Seebold 201. 

*J}arfaz ~ *f)arfon adj.: Goth parjs 'nec- 
essary', ala-parba 'being in want of every- 
thing', ON parfr 'useful', parfi 'needy', 
OE oearja 'destitute, needing', OHG darbo 
'missing, lacking'. Derived from *parfa. 
Karsten M I 51; Torp-Falk 182; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 361; Feist 490; Pokorný 
I 1078; Vries ^AEir 606; Seebold 509; 
Lehmann GED 25, 355; Bammesberger 
JVom. 238; Heidermanns 613-614. 



*]3arfo sb.f: Goth parba 'want, neeď, ON 
pqrf 'need, necessity', OE deatf 'neeď, 
OFris therve id., OS tharf id., OHG darba 
'fast, lenť. Identical with Lith tarpa 'thriv- 
ing, growtír'. Further related to *parfa. 
Torp-Falk 182; Trautmann BS] V 314: 
Holthausen AEEW 361; Feist 490 
Pokorný I 1078; Fraenkel 1062-1063 
Vries AMW 631-632; Zalizniak II 175 
Seebold 509; Bammesberger JVom. 107 
Kluge-Seebold 163. 

*J}armaz sb.m.: ON parmr 'guť, OE dearm 
id., OFris therm id., MLG darm id., OHG 
darm id. Identical with Gk xópno? 'hole', 
Tpájiií;- to xpfj|jo Trji; 'édpaq, tweq 
ěvxepov (Hes.) and further connected with 
TEÍpai 'to rub', xepÉco 'to drill, to bore'. 
Torp-Falk 182; Holthausen AEEW 
361; Jóhannesson IEW 442 (to *ter- 'to 
cross over'); Pokorný I 1071-1072; 
Vries ANEh r 606; Zalizniak I 136; Frisk 
II 913; Kluge-Seebold 163. 

*J)arzjanan wk.vb.: ON pěna 'to dry, to 
wipe', OE dirran 'to dry, to wipe', MDu 
dorren 'to make dry', OHG deiren id. Caus- 
ative of *persanan. Structurally identical 
with Skt tarsáyati 'to cause to become dry', 
Lat torreo 'to parch, to roasť. Torp- 
Falk 183; Walde-Hofmann II 694; 
Mayrhofer I 525; Pokorný I 1078- 
1079; Vries AJÍEW 609; Seebold 515; 
Lehmann GED 151; Kluge-Seebold 190. 

*J)arz5 sb.f: Norw dial. tane 'malt drying 
device', MLG dare 'dryer', OHG darra 
'dryer, drying device'. See *persanan. 
Structurally similar to Arm far 'pole for 
drying of grapes, roosť, Gk Tapaóq 
'frame of wicker-work, crate, fiat basket, 
for drying cheeses on' (Lidén Arm. St. 
45-46). Torp-Falk 183; Pokorný I 
1078-1079; Frisk II 858; Kluge- 
Seebold 163. 

*bat pron.: Goth pata 'thať, ON pat id., 
OE d£t id., OFris thet id., OS that id., 
OHG daz id. The auslaut in Goth is not 
clear (a particle?), see Kieckers HG 140. 
Related to IE *tod id.: Skt tát, Av tat, Gk 
acc. tÓv, Lat is-tud, Slav *to. Cf. the uni- 
verbation of this stem with *uxwe in Goth 



t>at 



418 



J)e3wanojanan 



pauh 'or, buť, ON pó 'though, yet, never- 
theless', OE oeáh 'yet, still, however, 
nevertheless', OFrís thach, thach id., OS 
thoh id., OHG doh id. (with a difíicult aus- 
laut in Goth). Bartholomae 613-623; 
Torp-Falk 174; Holthausen AEE1\ t 
360-361; Walde-Hofmann I 721; Feist 
490-491 (Goth pauh to Skt tú 'now, buť); 
Mayrhofer I 465; Pokorný I 1086- 
1087; Vries ANEW 606, 615; Frisk II 
907; Onions 914, 919; Lehmann GED 
356; Keuge-Seebold 186-187. 

*]3abró(t) adv.: Goth papro-h 'from there', 
ON paora 'there', OE Sáder 'thiťher'. 
Surfixal derivative of *pa- (see *patd). 
Identical with Skt táta, tata 'there, thither. 
The sufBx is close to that of Lat intrá 
'within'. Torp-Falk 174; Holthausen 
AEE\V 359; Walde-Hofmann I 712; 
Feist 491; Mayrhofer I 471; Pokorný I 
1087; Vries ANEW 605; Onions 918; 
Lehmann GED 356. 

*]3ausjanan wk.vb.: ON peysa 'to make to 
spurt out, to gush forth', MHG dosen 'to 
rage'. Probably based on IE *teu(H)-: Skt 
tamti 'to be strong', Gk aS<; 'safe and 
sound, alive'. On the other hand, a com- 
parison with Av taošayeiti 'to untie, to 
unbinď of the samé derivational struc- 
ture might be not less attractive. Torp- 
Falk 188; Pokorný I 1084-1086; Vries 
ANE]V 610 (to ON pjóstr 'anger, fůry'). 

*J)autjanan wk.vb.: ON peyta 'to make 
sounď, OE á-deótan 'to sounď. Causative 
of *peutanan. Holthausen ^££11' 365; 
Vries A/VETT 610. 

*{5awan5janan wk.vb.: ON pána 'to 
melt', OE 3e-dawenian 'to moisten'. 
Related to *pawjanan. Torp-Falk 175. 

*j5awiz sb.m.: ON peyr 'thaw', E thaw id., 
Du dooi id. Derived from *pawjanan. 
Torp-Falk 175; Vries ANEW 610. 

*J)awjanan wk.vb.: ON peyja 'to thaw', 
MLG douwen id., OHG douwen id. A 
comparison with Osset tajyn ~ tajun 'to 
thaw, to melt', Slav Hajati id. is not pre- 
cise but yet, very probable. Meillet 
MSL LX 154-155, XXIII 50-51; Torp- 
Falk 175; Holthausen AEEW 361; 



Pokorný I 1054; Vries ANEW 609-610; 
Onions 914; Abaev III 222-223; Kluge- 
Seebold 817. 

*befojanan wk.vb.: ON pefa 'to smell, to 
sniff, OE defian 'to pant, to be agitateď. 
Related to Skt tápati 'to warm, to burn', 
Lat tepeo 'to be tepiď, Olr té 'hoť, Slav 
Heph> 'warm'. Torp-Falk 180; Traut- 
mann BS]\ ' 319; Walde-Hofmann II 
667-668; Pokorný I 1069-1070. 

*]3e3Janan str.vb.: ON piggja 'to receive, to 
accepť, OE dic^an id. Related to Olr 
techtaid 'to háve, to possess', Lith tenká, 
těkti 'to sumce, to suit'. Torp-Falk 176; 
Holthausen AEEW 364; Jóhannesson 
IEW 433; Pokorný I 1058; Fraenkel 
1077; Vries ANEW 610; Seebold 
510-511. 

*pe3na-3eldjan sb.n.: ON pegn-gildi 
'wergild for a thane', OE de^en-jilde id. 
Compound of *pejnaz and *^elijan ~ 
*3eldjdn. Carr Nom. comp. 82 (parallel 
formations). 

*Jje3naz sb.m.: ON pegn 'thane, freeman', 
OE de^en 'servant', OS thegan 'man', 
OHG degan 'warrior, hero, servant'. Close 
to Gk tÉkvov 'chilď < IE *tekno- (Zupitza 
Gutt. 76, 140). Cf further Skt tákman- 'off- 
spring' also derived from IE Hek- 'to give 
birth'. Zupitza Gutt. 76; Torp-Falk 
177; Holthausen AEEW 362; Feist 498; 
Mayrhofer I 466; Pokorný I 1057; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 108; Vries ANEW 
607; Zalizniak I 137; Frisk II 867; 
Onions 914; Bammesberger Nom. 73; 
Kluge-Seebold 166-167. 

*j5e3\vanaz adj.: ON sbst. pjónn 'servant, 
attendanť, OE sbst. deówen 'female ser- 
vant'. Derived from *pejwaz. Structurally 
close to Lith tekunas 'runner, messenger'. 
Holthausen AEE]V 363; Fraenkel 
1077; Vries ANEW 614. 

*J)e3wan5janan wk.vb.: ON pjóna 'to 
serve', OFris thiania id., OS thionon id., 
OHG dionon id. Derived from *pezwanaz 
with analogical changes in ON. Torp- 
Falk 177; van Wijk /FXXIV 37 (ON < 
OS); Vrtes ANEIV 614; Kluge-Seebold 
179. 



t>e3wanoston 



419 



t>elan 



*be3wan5stón ~ *be3wan5stan sb.f./n.: 
ON pjónusta, pjónasta 'service, attendance', 
OE peónest 'service' (unless from OHG), 
OFris thianest id., OS thionost id., OHG 
dionost id. Derived from *pe3wanqjan. 
Torp-Falk 177. 

*be3waz sb.m.: Goth plus 'boy, house-ser- 
vanť, ON -pér (in prop.), pý 'serf, bonds- 
man' (neut.), OE oeów 'servant, slavě', OS 
theo- (in cmpn.), OHG adj. teo 'unfree'. 
Identical with Skt táku- 'rushing, quick', 
takvá- 'quick' < Hek"uós derived from IE 
*tek>- 'to run' (Solmsen ÍT~ XXXIV 2). 
Zupitza Gutt. 76—77 (to *pe^naz); 
Brugmann IF XIX 381-382 (semantic 
parallel in Gk xpóxic; 'runner, servant' 
from tpéxco 'to run'); Torp-Falk 177 
Holthausen AEEW 362; Feist 497- 498 
Mayrhofer I 466-467; Pokorný I 1059 
Vries ANEW 609; Zalizniak II 179: 
Seebold KZ LXXXI 125, 130; Scar- 
digli Gaten 31; Peeters IF LXXXI 29- 
30 (doubts the connection with *tek*- on 
phonetic grounds); Hamp IF LXXXVIII 
93-94 (contra Peeters); Lehmann GED 
362; Bammesberger Nom. 69—70; Hei- 
dermanns 616; Kluge-Seebold 170. 

*be3\vern5(n) sb.f: ON perná 'servant, 
maiď, OS thiorna 'virgin', OHG diorna id. 
Derived from *pe^waz. Mezger MLN 
LVU 432-433; Peters IF LXXXI 
29-30; Hamp IF LXXXVIII 93-94; 
Kluge-Seebold 183. 

*be3wěnan wk.vb.: Goth ana-piwan 'to 
subdue, to subjugate', ON pjá 'to enslave, 
to constrain', OE deówian 'to serve, to 
enslave'. Derived from *pegwaz. Hol- 
thausen AEEW 363; Feist 45; Vries 
ANEW 611; Lehmann GED 34. 

*be3wjó sb.f: Goth piwi 'maidservanť, 
OE déowe id., OS thiwi, thiu id., OHG diu 
id. Derived from *peswaz (Hirt Urgerm. II 
62: from Hekuí). Holthausen AEE]V 
363; Feist 499; Pokorný I 1057; Vries 
ANEW 629; Zalizniak II 181; Lehmann 
GED 362; Bammesberger Nom. 114. 

*bexsanan str.vb.: MHG dehsan 'to 
swingle (flax)' (str. pret.). Related to Hitt 
takš- 'to tie, to join', Toch B taks- 'to chop 



up, to grind up', Skt táhati 'to fashion, to 
create, to do carpentry', Av tas- 'to cut 
(out)', Lat texo 'to weave', Lith tašau, tašýti 
'to chop off, to do carpentry', Slav *tesati 
'to hew'. Bartholomae 644—645; Torp- 
Falk 177; Trautmann BSW 319-320; 
Walde-Hofmann II 678-679; Mayrhofer 
I 468; Pokorný I 1058-1059; Fraenkel 
1065; Seebold 511; Adams TB 286. 

*bexs(a)15n sb.f: ON pexla 'axe', MLG 
desele id., OHG dehsala id. Structurally 
close to Lat tilům 'dart, spear, javelin', 
Olr tál 'axe' < Hókslo-, Slav Heslo ~ Hesla 
id. Related to *pexsanan. Torp-Falk 
178; Walde-Hofmann II 656; Pokorný I 
1058; Vries ANEW 609; Seebold 511; 
Vasmer-Trubachev IV 51; Kluge- 
Seebold 165. 

*be(x)stilaz sb.m.: ON plstili 'thisde', OE 
distel id., EFris dissel id., OS thistil id., 
OHG distil id. (also fem. distila). Deriva- 
tionally identical with Lat textilis 'woven'. 
Further related to *pexsanan. Torp-Falk 
184; Holthausen AEE]V 366; Walde- 
Hofmann II 678-679; Pokorný I 1016 
(to IE *steig- 'to prick'); Fraenkel 1065; 
Vries AhEW 611; Zalizniak II 176; 
Onions 918; Kluge-Seebold 185. 

*bekwibó sb.f: ON pykt 'density, tíiick- 
ness', OHG dickida id. Derived from 
*pekwuz. Vries ANEW 630; Heider- 

MANNS 618. 

*bekwojanan wk.vb.: ON pjokkva 'to 
make ťhick, to thicken', OHG dickon 
id. Derived from *pekwuz. Vries ANEW 
614; Heidermanns 618. 

*bekwuz adj.: ON pjokkr, pykkr 'ťhick', OE 
dicce id., OS thikki id., OHG dicki id. 
Related to Olr tiug id. < Hegu-. 
Karsten TV® II 411-412; Zupitza Gutt. 
95, 99; Torp-Falk 176; Holthausen 
AEEW 364; Pokorný I 1057; Ohemo- 
danov SGGJa I 100; Vries ANEW 614, 
630; Onions 916; Bammesberger Nom. 
263; Heidermanns 617-618, K'Z XCEK 
282; Kluge-Seebold 178-179. 

*belan sb.n.: ON pel 'nap on woollen fab- 
rics', OE bel 'thin piece of wood, plate, 
plank', OHG dil 'boarď (mase). Struc- 



t>elan 



420 



t>en3qjanan 



turally close to Slav *tblo 'floor, grounď. 
Further cf. Skt neut. tála- 'plane, surface, 
level, palm', Lat tellus 'earth', Olr talam 
id., OPrus talus 'floor'. See *peljon. 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 132, 380; Torp-Falk 
183-184; Trautmann BSW 321; 
Holthausen AEE]V 362; Walde- 
Hofmann II 655-656; Pokorný I 1061; 
Vries AMEW 608; Kluge-Seebold 179; 
Vasmer-Trubachev rV 65. 

*peljan sb.n.: ON pili 'plank', OS thili 
'board, plank', OHG dili id. (mase). See 
*peljon. Vries AMEW 610; Kluge- 
Seebold 179. 

*pelj5janan wk.vb.: ON pilja 'to cover 
with planks', OE dilian 'to plank', OHG 
gi-dillon id. Derived from *peljan, *peljon. 
Holthausen AEEW 365; Vries AMEW 
610. 

*peljón sb.f.: ON pilja 'board, plank', OE 
dille 'boarding, flooring, floor', OFris thille 
'plank floor', OHG dilla 'board, floor'. 
Close to Gk Tí\\ía 'a kind of boarď. See 
*pelan. Torp-Falk 184; Holthausen 
AEEW 365; Walde-Hofmann II 655- 
656; Pokorný I 1061; Vries AMEW 610; 
Zalizniak I 156; Frisk II 892; Onions 
247; Kluge-Seebold 179. 

*J)emstraz adj.: MDu demster 'dark, 
gloomy', MLG vinster 'dark' (with dissim- 
ilation), OHG dinstar id. From *tem)sro- 
close to Skt pl. támisráh 'dark nighť, Av 
tq9raěšu 'in the darkness', Lat pl. tenebrae 
'darkness' (Trautmann apud Walde- 
Hofmann), further connected with Skt 
támas- 'darkness', Lith témsta, témti 'to 
become dark', Slav *tbma 'darkness' < 
*tem- 'dark' (Szemerényi IBK XV 200). 
Bartholomae 650; Torp-Falk 180-181; 
Schwentner PBB XLV 453-456; 
Trautmann BS] V 322-323; Walde- 
Hofmann II 664; Mayrhofer I 479; 
Pokorný I 1063-1064; Fraenkel 1080; 
Vasmer-Trubachev IV 133—134; Heider- 
manns 618—619. 

*J)emzaz adj.: OS thimm 'dark', OHG sbst. 
demar 'darkness'. Close to Skt tamasá- 
'dark-coloreď, Av tsmagha- 'dark', Lith 
tamsa 'darkness'. Further see *pemstraz 



(Weihe PBB XXX 56). Bartholomae 
648; Torp-Falk 180; Schwentner PBB 
XLV 454-455; Schulze Kl. Schr. 126-127; 
Mayrhofer I 478; Pokorný I 1063- 
1064; Lůhr MSS XXXV 81; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 252-253; Heidermanns 619. 

*J)enď5 sb.f.: ON pind 'diaphragm'. Iden- 
tical wiúh Olr tet 'chord' < *tnta. Sub- 
stantivized feminine of the participle 
*tnto-, cf. Skt tata- 'stretcheď, Gk xatóq 
id., Lat tentus 'held (fast)'. Torp-Falk 180; 
Walde-Hofmann LI 666; Pokorný I 1065- 
1066; Vries AMEW 610; Frisk II 864. 

*ben3a-xúsan sb.n.: ON ping-hús 'house 
in which a meeting is held', OS thing-hus 
'law-courť, OHG ding-hus id. Compound 
of *pen3az ~ *penxaz and *xúsan. Carr 
Mom. comp. 79 ("not Germanic as the 
Thing met in the open"). 

*ben3a-mannz sb.m.: ON ping-maor 
'member of the assembly', OFris thing-mon 
'advocate', MLG dink-man id., OHG ding- 
man id. Compound of *pen^az ~ *penxaz 
and *mannz. Carr Mom. comp. 79 (paral- 
lel formations). 

*J)en3az ~ *penxaz sb.n.: Goth peihs 
'occasion, time', ON ping 'assembly, 
thing', OE 5inj 'thing, meeting', OFris 
thing 'assembly; legal čase; thing', OS thing 
id., OHG ding id. Probably connected 
with *penxanan (Grienberger Got. 214). 
Kluge QF XXXII 21 (to Lat tempus 
'time', presumably, from *tenk"o-)\ Osthoff 
IF VIII 40-41 (to Gk xÓTto? 'pláce'); 
ZuprrzA Gutt. 140 (to Lith trnku, tekti 'to 
hold out, to suffice'); Sůtterlin BB XVII 
165 (to Gk tcxcjcjg) 'to arrange'); Torp- 
Falk 176; Holthausen AEEW 365; Feist 
494; Pokorný I 1067 ("nur germanisch"); 
Vries AME1 V 610-611; Zalizniak II 224; 
Lehmann GED 360 (to IE *ten-k- 'to 
extend, to spán'); Kluge-Seebold 181— 
182 (to Mír téchtae 'legality' < *tenktio-). 

*J)en3a-stadiz sb.m.: ON ping-staSr 'pláce 
where the assembly is held', OE ůin^-stede 
id., OHG ding-stat id. (fem.). Compound 
of *pen^az ~ *penxaz and *stadiz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 52. 

*pen3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON pinga 'to hold a 



t>eii3qjanan 



421 



fiersanan 



meeting', OE din^ian 'to intercede, to ask 
favor, to settle, to speak', OFris thingia 'to 
convey a court examination', OS thingon 
id., OHG dingon 'to analýze (in court), to 
address'. Derived from *pen^az ~ *penxaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 366; Vries AMEW 
611. 

*penxanan str.vb.: Goth peihan 'to suc- 
ceed, to make progress, to thrive', OE 
deón 'to thrive, to flourish, to prosper', OS 
thihan 'to prosper', OHG dihan 'to 
become powerful, to grow'. Related to 
Skt tanákti 'to cause coagulation', Olr co- 
técim 'to coagulate', Lith tenku, tékti 'to 
hold out, to suffice, to reach' (Grien- 
berger Got. 214). Zupitza Gutt. 140; 
Torp-Faek 179-180, 184; Feist 493- 
494; Holthausen AEE]V 366; Trier 
Lehm 16-18, 20-23; Benveniste Word 
XLX 253-254; Mayrhofer I 473; 
Pokorný I 1068; Fraenkel 1077; Onions 
923; Seebold 512-514; Lehmann GED 
359; Kluge-Seebold 304. 

*benxlan sb.n.: Icel pěl 'sour milk'. 
Related to *panxon. Besides the difference 
in the ablaut grade, identical with Skt 
neut. takrá- 'buttermilk' < *tnklo-. Torp- 
Falk 179; Pokorný I 1068. 

*penxsló sb.f.: ON písl 'cart-pole', OE 
disl, bixl 'beam, pole of a wagon, pole', 
MLG dísel 'pole (of tíre harness)', OHG 
dihsala id. Related to *pun^uz. Torp- 
Falk 179; Holthausen AEEW 366; 
Pokorný I 1067; Vries AMEW 611; 
Zalizniak I 148; Kluge-Seebold 167. 

*penxtaz adj.: ON péttr 'tight, heavy', OE 
díht 'tight, firm, strong', MLG dichte 
'thick', MHG dichte id. Derived from 
*penxanan. Identical with Olr técht 'thick, 
glutionous' < *tenk-to-. Further cf. Av 
taxma- 'strong, firm', Lith tánkus 'thick', 
Slav *tqča 'clouď. See *pun^uz. Bar- 
tholomae 626-627; Karsten MB II 447; 
Torp-Falk 179; Feist 488; Holthausen 
AEE1\ T 365; Kluge 141-142; Trier Lehm 
16-23; Pokorný I 1068; Fraenkel 1056; 
Vries AMEW 609; Onions 923; Leh- 
mann GED 359; Heidermanns 619-620; 
Kluge-Seebold 178-179. 



*bensanan str.vb.: Goth at-pinsan 'to 
draw, to pull up to', OS pres. uer-thinse 
'subtrahať, OHG dinsan 'to draw, to 
drag, to pull'. Belongs to IE *tens- 'to 
extenď: Skt tamsayati 'to draw to and fro', 
Lith tesvu, t(sti 'to tug, to extenď (Walde- 
Hofmann II 666). Schmidt Voc. I 71; 
Persson Beitráge 341-342; Torp-Falk 
180; Trautmann BS]\~ 318-319; Feist 
62; Mayrhofer I 465; Pokorný I 1068- 
1069; Fraenkel 1083-1084; Seebold 
514-515; Lehmann GED 47; Kluge- 
Seebold 63. 

*perfoaz ~ *perfaz adj.: ON pjarfr 
'unleavened, fresh (of water)', OE Seorf 
id., OFris ž/zerfviolenť, OS therbi 'unleav- 
ened', OHG derb id. Probably related to 
Lat torpéd 'to be stiff', Lith tirpstú, tiřpti 'to 
stiffen', Slav Hbrpěti id. (Fick I 444; 
Persson Beitráge 437-438). Karsten JVB 
I 25; Torp-Falk 183 (to Gk xpótpn; 'well- 
fed, stout, large'); Trautmann BS]t T 
325; Holthausen AEEU r 363; Walde- 
Hofmann II 692; Pokorný I 1024; 
Fraenkel 1100-1101; Vries AMEW 612; 
Heidermanns 620; Kluge-Seebold 172. 

*J)erxwe ~ *burx\ve prep.: Goth pairh 
'through', OE Surh, derh, dorh id., OFris 
thruc, thriuc id., OS thurh id., OHG duruh, 
thuruch id. Cf. also OHG derh 'perforateď. 
Based on IE Her- as in Skt tiráh 'across, 
over, aparť, Av taro 'aside, over', Olr tar 
'across, above' and the like (Thumb K^ 
XVI 198-201) followed by *-xwe < *k'e. 
Bartholomae 641-642; Torp-Falk 181; 
Holthausen AEEW 364; Feist 488; 
Pokorný I 1074-1076; Mayrhofer I 
503-504; Onions 920; Vendryes T- 
28-29, 125-126; Lehmann GED 354; 
Kluge-Seebold 200-201. 

*berkójanan wk.vb.: ON pjarka 'to quar- 
rel, to wrangle', OE á-dercian 'to despise'. 
Related to Skt tárjati 'to uhreaten, to 
scold', Gk xápPoc; 'alarm, terror', tapPéco 
'to be frighteneď (Kuhn iC£ XIII 454). 
Zupitza Gutt. 96; Holthausen AEE]ť 
364; Mayrhofer I 485; Pokorný I 1077; 
Vries ANE1T 612 Frisk II 855-856. 

*bersanan str.vb.: Goth part. ga-paursans 



t>ersanan 



422 



fieudjanan 



'to dry up'. Related to Skt tísyati 'to be 
thirsty', Gk xépoo|iai 'to be dry', Lat tor- 
no 'to dry'. Torp-Falk 183; Walde- 
Hofmann II 694; Feist 206; Mayrhofer 
I 525; Pokorný I 1078-1079; Frisk II 
882; Seebold 515; Lehmann GED 151, 358. 

*|)eburaz sb.m.: ON pidurr 'partridge'. 
Close to Skt tittirá- 'partridge', Gk xéxpa^ 
'grouse', xéxapoc; 'pheasanť, Latv teteris 
'grouse', Slav Heterob id. (Fick I 58, 441). 
Originally, of imitative origin (Persson 
UUÁ 1891 196). Torp-Falk 184; Mayr- 
hofer I 500; Pokorný I 1079; Vries 
AMEW 610 Frisk II 886. 

*beufoaz sb.m.: Goth piubs 'thief, ON 
pjófr id., OE óeóf id., OFris thiaj id., OS 
thiof id., OHG diob id. Related to Lith 
taupýti 'to keep, to savé', Latv taupít 
id. (Trautmann ZdlVf VII 267-269). 
Meyer MG1\ t G 1905 185-186 (to Gk 
Tucp^óc; 'blind'); Grienberger Got. 215 (to 
Gk xrmxco 'to strike'); Torp MMEO 792 (to 
ON pópta 'rowing bench'); Torp-Falk 
187; Bartholomae IF LX 270 (to Av toniš 
'coarseness'); Holthausen AEE]V 363; 
Feist 497; Pokorný I 1085 (to Lith tůpti 
'to cower, to kneel down'); Fraenkel 
1067; Zalizniak I 137; Frisk II 950; Vries 
AMEW 613 (contra Torp); Onions 916; 
Fraenkel 74; Lehmann GED 362 (Ger- 
manic innovation); Kluge-Seebold 1 79. 

*ťeubib5 sb.f.: ON pýfl 'drefť, OE dífl 
id., OFris thiufthe, thiuvethe id., OS thiubda 
id., MHG děfie id. Derived from *peuíaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 365; Vries AMEW 
629-630; Onions 915. 

*]3eubjan sb.n.: Goth piubi 'thefť, ON fýfi 
'stolen goods', OE dífe-feoh id. Cf. also 
OHG fem. diuba 'thefť. Derived from 
*peubaz. Holthausen AEE][' 365; Feist 
497; Lehmann GED 362; Bammesberger 
Mom. 67. 

*beuda-kunin3az ~ *beuda-kunun3az 
sb.m.: ON pjód-konungr 'sovereign', OE 
deód-cjminj id., OS thiod-kuning id. 
Compound of *peudo and *kunin^az ~ 
*kununsaz. Carr Mom. comp. 53. 

*peuda-landan sb.n.: ON pjóS-land 
'empire', OE deód-land 'region, country'. 



Compound of *peudó and *landan. Carr 
Mom. comp. 82 (parallel formations). 

*Jíeuďanaz sb.m.: Goth phidans 'king', ON 
pjódann id., OE deóden id., OS thiodan 
'ruler'. Derived from *peudo. Structurally 
close to Illyr PN Teutana, Gaul Toutonos 
(ICrahe Glotta XVII 93-94, IF XLVII 
327). Holthausen ^££11' 363; Feist 
496-497; Porzig Gliederung 130; Pokorný 
I 1084; Vries AVEII" 613; Meid IF LXII 
260, 279; Benveniste IEL 75, 90, 
246-247; Lehmann GED 361; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 82. 

*j5euďa-we3az sb.m.: ON pjód-vegr 'high- 
way', OE deód-we^ id., MLG dět-wech 
id. Compound of *peudo and *we^az. 
Probably, a calque of Lat via publica. 
Carr Mom. comp. 79 (internal Germanic 
loans). 

*beuďiskaz adj.: Goth adv. piudisko 
'like the heathen', ON pýderskr, pjdverskr 
'German' (phonetically irregular; a 
loan?), OE oíodísc 'gentile, belonging to 
a people', OS thiudisc 'pertaining to peo- 
ple', MDu dutsch 'Dutch', OHG diutisc 
'German'. Derived from *peudó. Braune 
PBB XLIII 436-445 (development of 
meaning), XLV 145; Weisgerber RMP 
LXXXVI 97-126 (connected with 
Teuton); Weisweiler D]VG 102-103; 
Feist 497; Vries AME]\' 629; Onions 
295; Lehmann GED 362; Must ffXCVII 
103-121; Kluge-Seebold 175. 

*beudjanan I wk.vb.: ON pýoa 'to 
explain, to interpret, to signify', OE 3e- 
diédan 'to translate', OFris bi-thloda 'to 
explain, to translate', MLG duden 'to 
interpret', MHG diuten id. Derived from 
*peudo. Torp-Falk 185; Holthausen 
AEEW 364; Vries AMEW 629; Lehmann 
GED 361; Fvluge-Seebold 174. 

*J)euďjanan II wk.vb.: Goth piupjan 'to 
bless, to pronounce good upon', ON pjda 
'to rejoice', OE ^e-diedan 'to participate', 
MLG dieden 'to help', OHG untar-diuten 
'to be subject to'. Derived from *peudjaz. 
Torp-Falk 186; Holthausen AEEh' 
364; Feist 498; Vries AMEW 629; 
Lehmann GED 362-363. 



fieucíjaz 



423 



fmiaz 



*beutijaz adj.: ON pýšr 'kind, meek, ami- 
able', OE ^e-pýde 'gooď, MDu ge-diede 
'obliging, benevolenť. Derived from 
*peui5 (Johansson PBB XV 238). 
Related to Olr túath 'lefť, with a taboo 
denotatíon similar to drát of Gk ápio- 
tepóq. Gf. also Goth piup 'gooď. 
Karsten jVB II 447; Torp-Falk 186; 
Feist 498; Holthausen AEE]V 363-365; 
Walde-Hofmann II 721; Sturtevant 
JEGP XXXVI 176-177; Trier SG I 108; 
Pokorný I 1079-1080; Vries AKEW 
629; Sohubert Erw. 56; Lehmann GED 
362—363 (related to OE Seáw 'custom, 
usage', OFrís thaw id., OS thau id.); 
Heidermanns 621-623. 

*beudó sb.f.: Goth piuda 'people, nation', 
ON pjóS id. (pardy < *piudiz), OE déod 
id., OFris thiad id., OS thiod, thioda id., 
OHG diot id. (mase), prop. Diota. 
Identical with Hitt tuzzi- 'army', Thrac 
prop. Tiotnos, Tcuxa, Illyr prop. Teúxa, 
Ose touto 'citřzenry, statě', Umbr acc. tutas 
id., Olr túath 'tribe, people', W tud 
'people, country', OLith tnutá 'people, 
nation', Latv tauta id., OPrus tauto 'lanď. 
Schweizer K£ I 560; Torp-Falk 185; 
Krahe Glotta XXII 123; Trautmann 
BSW 314-315; Holthausen AEEW 
362-363; Feist 496; Detschew Thr. 507; 
Porzig Gliederung 200; Pokorný I 1084; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 64; Fraenkel 
1069-1070; Vries ÁNEW 613; Zalizniak 
II 198; Benveniste IEL 296; Lehmann 
GED 361; Bammesberger JVom. 116; 
Kluge-Seebold 175. 

*beuxa-brokz sb.f.: Goth *piuh-broks 
'knee breeches' (reconstructed from latě 
Lat tubrucus, Rum tureci), OHG dioh-bruoh 
'knee-breeches'. Compound of *peuxan 
and *brb~kz. Carr Mom. comp. 45; 
Gamillscheg RG I 374, II 258. 

*peuxan sb.n.: ON pjó 'thigh', OE deóh id., 
OFris thiách id., MLG dech id., OHG dioh 
id. Derivationally close to Lith pl. taukai 
'fať, Latv adj. tauks 'fať, Slav *tukb 'fat, 
animal fať and furťher related to IE 
*teuH- 'to swelT. Weinhold £7 1 247; 
Zupitza Gutt. 140; Persson Beitrdge 554; 



Torp-Falk 186; Trautmann BSW 314; 
Holthausen AEElť 363; Pokorný I 
1080-1081; Fraenkel 1066; Vries 
ANEW 612-613; Zalizniak I 144; 
Onions 917; Vasmer-Trubachev IV 116. 

*beuraz sb.m.: ON pjórr 'bull'. Related to 
Gk Tcxíipoi; 'bull', Lat taurus id., Olr 
tarb id. (with a metathesis), Lith taúras 
'aurochs', Slav *turb id. An IE loanword 
from Sem *tawru- (Schmidt Urheimat 6; 
Lewy Fremdw. 4; Illich-Svitych PIEJa 3) 
hardly connected with *steuraz. Brug- 
mann IF VI 98, Grundňfi 11/ 1 353 (vocal- 
ism influenced by *steuraz); Ipsen Festschr. 
Streitberg 227-228; Specht 35; Walde- 
Hofmann II 650—652; Porzig Gliederung 
199; Pokorný I 1083; Vries AA'En"614; 
Frisk II 860-861. 

*beutanan str.vb.: ON pjóta 'to howl, to 
emit a whistling sound', OE deótan, dútan 
'to howl', OHG diozan 'to roar'. Of 
unknown — probably, imitative — origin. 
Bezzenberger GGA 1875 281 (to Lat tus- 
sis 'cough'); Persson UUA 1891 90 (to 
Lat tundó 'to beat, to strike'); Froehde BB 
I 208 (samé as Bezzenberger); Torp- 
Falk 186-187 (to IE *teu(s)- 'to swelf); 
Holthausen AEEl\ r 363; Jóhannesson 
IEW 427-431; Pokorný I 1097 (to Lith 
tutúoti 'to blow'); Vries ANEW 615; 
Seebold 516 (to Lat tumultus 'uproar, 
busde'); Lehmann GED 369 (to IE Heud- 
'to kick'). 

*bě3iz ~ *J)ě3Jaz adj.: ON p£gr 'accept- 
able, agreeable', OE *je-á«je 'pleasanť. 
Derived from *pe^janan. Holthausen 
AEEW 359; Vries ANEW 631; Matzel 
R~ZCV 114. 

*]3ěxtaz sb.m.: ON páttr 'single strand 
of ropě', OHG táht 'wick'. Related to 
*pexsanan. Soheftelowltz BB XLX 14; 
Torp-Falk 177; Walde-Hofmann II 
678-679; Porzig Gliederung 168; Pokorný 
I 1058-1059; Vries AME]V 606; Kluge- 
Seebold 187. 

*J)ínaz pron.: Goth peins 'drine', ON pín, 
pinn id., OE din id., OFris thln id., OS thln 
id., OHG din id. An originál Germanic 
formation based on *pú. Torp-Falk 



funaz 



424 



praš o 



185; Holthausen AEEir 365; Feist 495; 
Pokorný I 1098; Vries AKEW 610; 
Lehmann GED 360; Kluge-Seebold 168. 

*brafj6janan wk.vb.: ON prefa 'to wran- 
gle, to dispute', OE brafian 'to urge, to 
press'. Identical with Slav *tropiti 'to make 
a patli', further to Toch A trap-, B trapp- 
'to trip, to stumble', Lith trapinéti 'to 
trample', OPruss trapt 'to walk', Slav 
Hropa 'padi'. Wood PBB XXIV 533 (to 
Lat třepit 'to turn'); Trautmann BS1V 329; 
Holthausen AEEW 368; Pokorný I 
1037 (to Lat střepá 'to ratde, to rustle'); 
Fraenkel 1111; Vries AME1V 620; 
Vasmer-Trubachev IV 105; Adams TB 
313-314. 

*braftan sb.n.: ON prapt 'quarrel', OE 
brtsfi 'quarrel, dispute'. Derived from 
*praJjojanan. Torp-Falk 191. 

*J)ra3Janan wk.vb.: Goth pragjan 'to run', 
OE ore^an id. Derived from *pra3o. 
Zupitza Gutt. 140; Torp-Falk 190 (to 
Slav *tbrkb 'running'); Holthausen 
AEEWmi; Feist 500-501; Onions 919; 
Lehmann GED 364. 

*bra3Ó sb.f.: OE áraj 'time, season'. Close 
to W tro 'turn, time' < *trogho-. Further 
related to Lat traho 'to pull' < *draghó 
(Trautmann BB XXX 330). Torp- 
Falk 190; Holthausen AEEW 368; 
Walde-Hofmann II 698-699; Pokorný I 
1089; Lehmann GED 364. 

*praxilaz ~ *pra3Ílaz sb.m.: ON prali 
'slavě, serf', OHG dregil 'servant'. De- 
rived from *pra3Janan. Torp-Falk 190; 
Palmer TPS 1954 21 (to Proto-Gk 
Hrokřeio 'to plough'); Jóhannesson IEW 
456 (to Lat traho 'to draw'); Vrtes AKEW 
625 (< *pranxilai); Onions 919. 

*J)rakjaz sb.m.: ON prekr 'strength, 
courage', OE breče 'force, oppression'. 
Related to Olr tracht 'strength'. Zupitza 
Gutt. 217; Torp-Falk 189; Holthausen 
AEEW 369; Pokorný I 1090; Vries 
AKEW 620. 

*J)ramm5janan wk.vb.: ON pn arama 'to 
lumber along, to walk heavily', MLG 
drammen 'to make noise'. Derived from 
*premmanan. Zupitza Kž^ XXXVI 243 



(to Olr tromm 'heavy'); Torp-Falk 191; 
Vries AKEW 619; Meid IF LXLX 248; 
Pokorný I 1092-1093; Lehmann GED 364. 

*bramuz sb.m.: ON prqrnr 'brim, edge, 
verge', MHG dram 'piece, splinter'. De- 
rived from *premmanan. Torp-Falk 181 
(to Gk xÉp|i.a 'end, boundary', Lat termen 
'boundary'); Jóhannesson IEW 442; 
Vrtes AKEW 625 (to *pruman ~ *prumo). 

*bran3waz adj.: ON prqngr 'narrow, close, 
tighť, MLG dranc 'narrow', MHG mir ist 
drange nach 'I am compelled to do smth.'. 
Derived from *pren^wanan ~ *prenxwanan. 
Close to Lith trankús 'uneven (of a road), 
harď. Karsten MB II 408-409; Torp- 
Falk 190; Fraenkel 1111; Vries ANEW 
625; Onions 920; Matzel A£ CV 
103-104; Heidermanns 624. 

*J)ran3\visl5 sb.f.: ON prengsl 'narrows, 
straits', LG drangsal 'crowd, throng'. De- 
rived from *pranswjanan. Vrtes AJÍEW 
625. 

*j3ran3\vjanan wk.vb.: ON pi'qngva 'to 
press', MLG drengen id., MHG drengen id. 
Causative of *pren^wanan ~ *prenxwanan. 
Torp-Falk 190; Vries ANEW 625; 
Lehmann GED 365. 

*J)ran3\v5 ~ *J}ran3\van sb.f./n.: ON 
prqng 'crowď, OE Sran^, 3e-dran3 id., 
MLG ge-drang id., OHG gi-drang id. Sub- 
stantivized *prari3waz. Holthausen 
AEEJV 368; Onions 920; Bammesberger 
JVom. 107 (reconstructs *pran3o). 

*J)ranxaz adj.: ON lík-prár 'leprous', OE 
dróh 'ranciď, MDu dra 'sickening', MHG 
adv. drahé 'odorous'. Related to Lith trqštu, 
třešti 'to roť. Torp-Falk 190; Holt- 
hausen AEEl\ r 370; Pokorný I 1031— 
1032; Fraenkel 1121; Vries ANE1V 619; 
Hille Festschr. Sundhy 131—144; Heider- 
manns 624-625. 

*J)ras5 sb.f.: Godi prasa-balpei 'quarrel- 
someness', OE bres 'fringe, border'. Since 
the gender in OE is unknown, one can 
also reconstruct *prasaz or *prasan. 
Related to Skt trásati 'to tremble', Avfra- 
tdrdsaiti 'to be afraiď, Gk xpéto 'to trem- 
ble'. Torp-Falk 191-192; Feist 501; 
Mayrhofer I 531-532; Pokorný I 1095; 



praš o 



425 



firemmanan 



Frisk II 929-930; Chantraine 1131 
1132; Lehmann GED 364-365. 

*j3rasójanan ~ *brěsjanan wk.vb.: ON 
prasa 'to talk big, to make a bold show', 
OS thrasian id., OHG drasen 'to neigh, to 
breadie harď. See *pras5. Related to Skt 
trásati 'to tremble, to quiver', Av Jřa- 
tdnsaiti 'to be afraiď, Gk xpéco 'to trem- 
ble', Lat terreo 'to frighten'. Torp-Falk 
191-192; Walde-Hofmann II 674-675 
Mayrhofer I 531-532; Pokorný I 1095 
Vries ANEW 620; Frisk II 929-930 
Lehmann GED 364-365. 

*brastuz sb.m.: ON prqstr 'thrush'. A 
derivative *prustlon is found in WGmc: 
OE Srostle 'throsde', OS throsla, OHG 
droscala. With irregular phonetic corre- 
spondences, close to Gk oTpoúGoq id., Lat 
turdus id. < *trzdo-, Mír truid id., Lith 
strazdas id., OPrus tresde id., Slav *drozctt> 
id. Cf. also *prauskó(nj > OE Snesce id., 
OHG drosca id. Torp-Falk 192; Traut- 

MANN BSW327; HOLTHAUSEN AEETK368, 

370; Walde-Hofmann II 718; Specht 
229, 245; Pokorný I 1096; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 59; Fraenkel 920; Vries ANEW 
625; Frisk II 811; Onions 920-921; 
Hamp Á^XCV 81; Kjjjge-Seebold 196. 

*brautiz ~ *brautaz sb.f./m.: ON praut 
'struggle, exertion, labor', OE Sréat 'vio- 
lence, compulsion, force', MLG drát 
'threať, MHG droz 'vexation, inconven- 
ience'. Derived from *preutanan. Structur- 
ally close to Slav *truďb 'difficulty, labor'. 
Torp-Falk 194; Holthausen AEElf 
368; Pokorný I 1095-1096; Vries 
ANEW 620; Zalizniak II 190; Onions 
919; Lehmann GED 384. 

*J)rautjanan wk.vb.: ON preyta 'to strive, 
to struggle', OE Srítan 'to weary, to urge', 
MDu droten 'to threaten', OHG drozen 'to 
make unfaithful'. Causative of *preutanan. 
Torp-Falk 195; Holthausen AEE]V 369; 
Vries AMEW 621-622; Seebold 523. 

*J)rawan sb.n.: ON prá 'hard struggle, 
obstinacy', OS thrS-werk 'suffering, tor- 
menť. Substantívized *prawaz. Torp-Falk 
193; Pokorný I 1073; Vries ANEW 618- 
619; Zalizniak I 149; Heidermanns 625. 



*brawaz adj.: ON prár 'stubborn, obsti- 
nate'. Related to Gk xptxo 'to wear 
down', Lith trúniú, truneti 'to roť, Slav 
*tiyti 'to rub'. FvArsten NB I 64-65, 73; 
Torp-Falk 193; Pokorný I 1072-1073; 
Vries ANEW 619 (< *pranxaz); Frisk II 
938; Heldermanns 625-626. 

*brawójanan wk.vb.: OESc pra 'to op- 
pose', OE dreáwian 'to reprove, to rebuke'. 
Derived from *prawaz. Torp-Falk 
193; Holthausen AEEW 368; Vries 
ANEW 619; Heidermanns 625. 

*j5rejez num.: Goth preis 'three', ON prír 
id., OE Srí id., OFris thrě id., OS thrla id., 
OHG dn id. Related to IE *treies id.: Lyc 
tri-, Toch A tre, B trey, Skt tráyah, Av (hriyo, 
Arm erek', Gk xpeí^, Lat třes, Olr tri, 
Lith trýs, Slav *trije. Bartholomae 801— 
802; Torp-Falk 192; Trautmann BSW 
327-328; Holthausen AEEW 369; 
Walde-Hofmann II 702-703; Feist 502; 
Mayrhofer I 531; Pokorný I 1090- 
1092; Fraenkel 1125; Vries ANEW 622; 
Frisk II 921-922; Onions 919; Lindeman 
Verscháifung 11.2; Lehmann GED 365— 
366; Ross-Berns .Numerals 575-579; 
Kluge-Seebold 193; Adams 77? 319 
320; Burlak IFTJa 246. 

*brekkaz sb.m.: ON prekkr 'dirt, filth', 
OFris threkk id., MLG dreck id., latě OHG 
mús-drec 'mouše excrements'. Related to 
Gk aTEpyávoq' KÓJtpmv (Hes.), Lat stercus 
'dung', W troeth 'soapy water, urine', Lith 
trešiu, třešti 'to fertilize, to manu re' 
(Persson SVS X 454). Zupitza 7T~ 
XXXVI 65; Sommer IF XI 91 (to Lat 
troia 'sow' < *trogia); Torp-Falk 189 
(reconstruct *prakjaz)', Walde-Hofmann 
II 589; Martlnet Gém. 190; Benveniste 
Origmes 9; Pokorný I 1031-1032; 
Fraenkel 1 120-1 121; Vries A/VEII 7 620; 
Frisk II 790; Kluge-Seebold 193. 

*J)remmanan str.vb.: OS thrimman 'to 
jump, to spring'. Related to Toch A trám- 
'to be angry', Gk Tpé|ico 'to tremble', Alb 
tremb 'to frighten' < PAlb Hrema, Lat trémo 
'to shake, to quake', Lith tremiu, tremti 
'to dirow down' (Bugge BB III 121). 
Zupitza KZ XXXVI 243 (to Olr tromm 



firemmanan 



426 



prečtuz 



'heavy'); Torp-Falk 191; Walde- 
Hofmann II 701; Pokorný I 1092-1093; 
Fraenkel 1117; Frisk II 922-923; Meid 
IF LXEK 248; Orel AED 463. 

*bren3wanan ~ *J)renxwanan str.vb.: 
Goth preihan 'to press, to throng', ON 
pryngva, pryngja 'to press', OE drin3an 'to 
press, to throng', OFris ur-thringa 'to 
press, to drive', OS thringan 'to penetrate', 
OHG dringan 'to press, to drive'. Identical 
with Lith trenkiú, treňkti 'to push roughly, 
to fling' (Trautmann BSW 328-329). 
Pedersen IF II 290; Wood MPV 267 (to 
OS thregian 'to threaten'); ZuprrzA Gutt. 
70, 140; Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 316; 
Torp-Falk 190; Holthausen AEElf 
369; Feist 501; Pokorný I 1093; 
Fraenkel 1118; Vries AMEW 622, 624; 
Onions 920; Seebold 520-521; Lehmann 
GED 365; Kluge-Seebold 194. 

*nrepan sb.n.: ON prep 'shelf in a wall'. 
Identical with OW treb 'dwelling', OBret 
treb id., Mír treb 'house, estate'. Further 
cf. Lat trabs 'beam, rafter', Osk trííbúm 
'house, building', OW treb 'house', Lith 
trobd id. Persson Beitráge 138; Torp- 
Falk 190-191; Trautmann BSW 330; 
Walde-Hofmann II 696-697; Pokorný 
I 1090; Chemodanov SGGJa I 65; 
Fraenkel 1127-1128; Vries AMW 621; 
Lehmann GED 358. 

*breska-alduz sb.m.: ON preskqldr, 
preskjqldr, prepskjqldr 'thresholď, OE šersc- 
wold, ůrexwold id., MLG dreskeleff id. (fem.). 
Cf. a structurally similar form in OHG 
driscubli 'limen, thresholď. Probably, a 
compound of *preskanan (Meringer IF 
XLX 425) and *aliuz (see *olion). A diffi- 
cult word. Petersson IF XXIV 261 (to 
Russ treska 'cod'); Hellouist SEO 1237; 
Torp-Falk 192 (reconstruct *preskwapluz 
~ *preskúpljan); Holthausen AEEW 364; 
Vries ANElť 621 (to *prepan); Tru- 
bachev Etim. 43 (from *preskadla- widi a 
suffrx *-Ha-); Onions 919; Seebold 522 
(reconstructs *preskudlaz)', Kluge- Seebold 
837 (reconstructs *preskublan). 

*breskanan str.vb.: Goth priskan 'to 
thresh', OSwed pryskia id., OE derscan 'to 



strike, to beat, to flog', WFris terskje id., 
MLG derschen id., OHG dreskan id. 
Related to Toch AB trask- 'to chew', Gk 
TixpróoKO) 'to wound, to kill', Lith tresku, 
trešketi 'to crackle, to crash', Slav *trěskb 
'crack, crash' (Fick BB II 209; Schmidt 
Voc. II 73). Prellwitz KZ XLII 
385-386; Persson Beitráge 662, 776; 
ZuprrzA Gutt. 91; Torp-Falk 192; Schef- 
telowltz iu/j LVI 171; Trautmann BS]ť 
329; Feist 503 (to Gk rpíPco 'to rub'); 
Holthausen AEEU r 364; Schneider IF 
LVIII 50; Pokorný I 1090; Fraenkel 
1120; Vries AMEW 622; Frisk II 905; 
Onions 919; Seebold 522-523; Vasmer- 
Trubachev IV 100; Lehmann GED 366 
(to IE Her- 'to rub'); Kluge-Seebold 193. 

*J)reutanan str.vb.: Goth us-priutan 'to 
bother, to persecute', ON prjóta 'to fail, to 
come to an end', OE dreótan 'to weary', 
OS part. a-throtan 'pertaesum, otiosum', 
OHG bi-driozan 'to irritate, to annoy'. 
Related to Lat trudo 'to push', Alb tredh 
'to castrate' < PAlb *treuda. Torp-Falk 
194-195; Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 321; 
Feist 535-536; Holthausen AEE]V 369; 
Walde-Hofmann II 710; Jóhannesson 
ZE7r459; Pokorný I 1095; Vries ANEW 
622-623; Onions 919; Lerchner 65; 
Seebold 523-524; Lehmann GED 383- 
384; Kluge-Seebold 855; Orel AED 463. 

*breutaz sb.m.: ON prjótr 'defaulter, bad 
debtor, knave, defiance', OHG ur-drioz 
'annoyance, nausea'. Derived from 
*preutanan. Seebold 523. 

*brěanan str.vb.: ON prop. (< part.) 
Prainn, OE dráwan 'to turn, to twisť. 
Weak verb in WGmc: OS thraian 'to 
turn', OHG drněn id. Related to Gk xeípto 
'to oppress, to weaken', Lat tero 'to rub', 
Lith trinii, trinti id., Slav *tbrq, Herti id. 
Torp-Falk 189; Holthausen AEEW 
368; Walde-Hofmann II 672-673; 
Jóhannesson IEW 440-442; Pokorný I 
1072; Fraenkel 1124-1125; Frisk II 
865; Onions 920; Seebold 518-519; 
Kluge-Seebold 193. 

*brěčtuz sb.m.: ON prádr 'thread' (w-stem 
and root stem), OE dreéd id., OFris thrěd 



t>rečtuz 



427 



firuxo 



id., OS thrad id. (í-stem), OHG drát id. 
Derived from *prmnan. Structurally close 
to Gk xprixóc; 'perforated, with a hole in 
iť. Torp-Falk 189; Holthausen ^.EETr 
377; Pokorný I 1072; Vries ANEW 619; 
Zalizniak II 211; Frisk II 885; Onions 
919; Seebold 519; Lehmann GED 366; 
Fíluge-Seebold 192. 

*priďjón num.: Godr pridja 'thirď, ON 
pridi id., OE Sridda, dirda id., OFris thredda, 
thirda id., OS thrida id., OHG dritto id. 
Related to Toch A trit, B trik id., Skt 
trtiya- id., Av Orityo, Lat tertius, Lith trěčias, 
Slav Hretbjb. See '"přejez. Bartholomae 
807-808; Torp-Falk 192; Trautmann 
BS1 1 T 328; Holthausen AEEir 369; Feist 
502-503; Walde-Hofmann II 703; 
Porzig Gliederung 203; Mayrhofer I 522; 
Pokorný I 1090-1091; Fraenkel 1 114— 
1115; Vries ANE]\ 7 622; Szemerényi 
Num. 81-96; Onions 917; Peeters IF 
LXXXVIII 202-203; Lehmann GED 
365; Ross-Berns Numerah 626; Kluge- 
Seebold 194; Adams TB 316. 

*nrixnaz adj.: ON prennr 'triple', OFris 
thrína id., OE Srinen 'three-folď. Derived 
from *prejez. Cf. Hwlxnaz. Holthausen 
AEEW 369; Lehmann GED 365; Ross- 
Berns Numerah 643. 

*brixst(j)az adj.: OE ůríste 'bolď, OS 
thrist, thrlsti id. Identical with Lat tristis 
'unfriendly, strict, sullen' < *tňk-sti- 
(Pedersen IF V 56). Torp-Falk 193; 
Holthausen AEEW 370; Walde- 
Hofmann II 706-707; Pokorný I 1092; 
Lerchner 66—67; Heidermanns 626—627 
(to *pren^wanan ~ *prenxu>anan). 

*bró]3Janan wk.vb.: Goth propjan 'to train, 
to practice'. Identical with Lith trotyti 'to 
lack, to lose, to spoil', Slav Hratiti 'to 
spenď, cf. also Lith trótinti 'to irritate, 
to tease'. Torp-Falk 193; Feist 503; 
Pokorný I 1072; Fraenkel 1129; Leh- 
mann GED 366 (to *prěduz). 

*J)ruxtuz sb.m.: ON próttr 'strengťh, 
mighť, OE óroht 'oppression, hardship'. 
Related to *prakjaz. Zupltza Gutt. 217; 
Torp-Falk 189; Holthausen AEEW 
370; Vries ANEW 623-624. 



*{3rukkjanan wk.vb.: Norw tiykkja 'to 
press', OE dtyccan 'to press, to crush, to 
oppress', OHG drueken 'to press, to push'. 
Related to *prii^anarň Torp-Falk 194; 
Holthausen AEEW 371; Martinet Gem. 
168; Sturtevant JEGP XXXIII 96; 
Vries ANEW 620; Kluge-Seebold 196. 

*nrumilaz sb.m.: ON prymill 'hard knot 
in the flesh', MLG drdmel 'small fielď. 
Derived from *prumon ~ *pruman. Vries 
^jV£ir624. 

*j3rumiz sb.m.: ON prymr 'noise, alarm', 
OE drymm 'host, crowd, multitude'. 
Probably related to Lat turma 'crowď. 
Torp-Falk 197; Holthausen AEEW 
371; Walde-Hofmann II 719; Pokorný I 
1100; Chemodanov SGGJa I 87; Vries 
ANEW 624. 

*|}rum5n ~ *|miman sb.f./n.: ON 
pruma 'lanď, OE tun^e-drum 'ligament of 
the tung', MDu drom, drum 'enď, OHG 
drum 'end-piece, remnant, splinter'. De- 
rived from *premmanan. Noreen Abrifi 
102 (to Lat termem 'boundary', Gk xép|ja 
'end, boundary'); Holthausen AEE]f 
370; Vries /LVÍTT 624; Onions 920-921 
(to *pramuz); Fvluge-Seebold 839. 

*]3rutan sb.n.: ON prot 'lack, wanť, OE é- 
drot 'disgusť, OS far-throt 'annoyance'. 
Derived from *preutanan. Holthausen 
AEEW 370; Vries ANEl\ r 623; Seebold 
523; Bammesberger Nom. 57. 

*J)rut5n ~ *strutón sb.m./f: ON proti 
'swelling, tumour', OE drotu 'throať, 
OFris throt-bolla 'larynx', OS strota 'diroať, 
OHG drozza id., MHG strozze id. Derived 
from *prútanan. Holthausen AEE)V 
370; Pokorný I 1027; Vries ANEW 623; 
Onions 920; Kluge-Seebold 196. 

*j5rÚ3anan str.vb.: ON prúga 'to press'. 
Related to W trychu 'to cuť, Lith trukstu, 
trukti 'to tear into pieces, to bursť (Pers- 
son Beitrdge 173, 447-448). Zupitza 
Gutt. 140; Pokorn\' I 1074; Fraenkel 
1130-1131; Fvluge-Seebold 196. 

*J)rúxó sb.f: ON pró 'trough' (pl. prar), OE 
druh 'trough, pipe, chest, box' (mase, 
fem., neut.), MLG dru 'trap', OHG 
druh 'fetter, sling, trap'. Derived from 



pruxo 



428 



t>un3uz 



*pru3anan. Torp-Falk 194; Holthau- 
sen AEE1 V 370; Vries ANFA I' 623; Kluge- 
Seebold 839. 

*]3rustjanan wk.vb.: ON prýsta 'to thrusť, 
OHG drusten id. Related to *prútanan. 
Vries ANEW 624; Onions 921. 

*J)rútanan str.vb.: ON part. prútinn 
'swollen', OE part. á-druten id. Identical 
with Lat trúdo 'to push', Alb ndrydh 'to 
press, to squeeze' < PAlb *en-trúda. 
Torp-Falk 194; Holthausen AEElf 
370; Walde-Hofmann II 710-711; 
Onions 920; Vries ANEW 624; Seebold 
524; Lehmann GED 366; Orel AE\ V 288. 

*brutez-fellan sb.n.: Goth pruts-fill 'lep- 
rosy', OE Srust-fell id. (with metathesis). 
Compound of an í-stem *prutez (see */>ra- 
tanari) and *fellan. Grienberger Goí. 
218-219; Torp-Falk 194; Holthausen 
AEEW 370; Feist 503-504; Carr Nom. 
comp. 66; Lehmann GED 366. 

*prubiz sb.f.: ON prii -hamán 'master 
hammer', OE brýo 'force, power, 
strength'. Related to *prutanan. Torp- 
Falk 193; Holthausen AEE]V 371; 
Vries ANEW 624. 

*bů pron.: Goth pu 'thou', ON pú id., OE 
dá id., OFris thu id., OS thu id., OHG du 
id. Gorresponds to IE *tů id.: Toch A í«, 
B tuwe, Skt toám, Av tvšm, Arm í/h, Alb ti, 
Gk aú, Lat íá, Olr tú, Lith íii, Slav *íji. 
Bartholomae 660-662; Torp-Falk 
185; Holthausen AEEU 7 371; Walde- 
Hofmann II 712; Feist 504; Mayrhofer 
I 538-539; Pokorný I 1097; Fraenkel 
1133-1134; Vries ANEW 625-626 
Vendryes T- 155-1 5 7; Frisk II 817 
Onions 918; Lehmann GED 366-367 
Kluge-Seebold 197; Orel AED 455- 
456; Adams TB 302; Burlak IFTJa 245. 

*buft5(n) sb.f.: ON pópta 'thwart, rowing 
bench', OE iqft(e) 'rower's bench', MLG 
ducht id., OHG dofta id. From *tup-to- 
connected with Lith tupiti, tupti 'to squať. 
Torp-Falk 187; Holthausen AEE]V 
366; Pokorný I 1085; Fraenkel 1141— 
1142; Vries ANEW 616; Zalizniak II 
181; Onions 921-922; Kluge-Seebold 
197-198. 



*bulěnan wk.vb.: Goth pulan 'to endure, 
to bear', ON póla id., OE dolian 'to suf- 
fer', OFris tholia id., OS tholian, tholon id., 
OHG dolin id. Related to Toch AB tál- 
'to uphold, to raise', Skt tulayati 'to weigh, 
to compare', Lat perf. tulí 'to bear', Lith 
tylu, tilti 'to become silenť, Slav Holiti 'to 
make silenť. Pedersen K^ XXXVIII 
354, 371; Torp-Falk 188; Holthausen 
AEEW 366; Walde-Hofmann II 688- 
689; Feist 504-505; Mayrhofer I 
516; Pokorný I 1060-1061; Fraenkel 
1095; Vries ANEW 615; Onions 
918; Lehmann GED 367; Kxuge-Seebold 
305; Adams TB 296-297; Burlak IFTJa 
245. 

*J)uliz sb.m.: ON puk 'cultic speaker, 
sage', OE dyle 'oratoř, spokesman'. De- 
rived from *pulěnan. Torp-Falk 188 (to 
ON pjóstr 'anger, fůry'); Blankenstein 
IF XXIII 134 (to Slav *tblkb 'sense'); 
Loewenthal ANF XXXV 236 (to Lat 
tullius 'flow, shower'); Holthausen AEE] V 
374; Jóhannesson 7£Il r 450 (to Latv t&Jžgs 
'clumsy'); Pokorný I 1060-1061; Vrtes 
XY£ir626; Ivanov Etim. 1978 174-175 
(to Hitt tulná- 'meeting'); Bammesberger 
Nom. 133. 

*J)ullaz sb.m.: ON pollr 'fir-tree, wooden 
peg', OE Soli 'peg in the side of a boat to 
keep the oar in pláce', OFris tholl 'peg', 
MLG dolle 'peg in dre side of a boat to 
keep dre oar in pláce' (fem.). Related to 
Gk TÓ^.05 'bolt, knob', Alb tul 'meat, 
flesh, pulp', Lith tulis 'peg in the axle pre- 
venting the wheel from falling ouť. 
Torp-Falk 185-186; Holthausen AEE} V 
367; Jóhannesson IE]V 428; Pokorný I 
1081; Fraenkel 1137; Vries ANEU r 615; 
Frisk II 942-943; Onions 918; Orel 
^JBalk XXIII 147, AED 468; Kluge- 
Seebold 188. 

*J)un3uz adj.: ON pungr 'heavy'. Related 
to Toch AB tank- 'to check, to stop', Av 
Qang- 'to pulT, Arm ťanjr 'thick' (< Hnghiu- 
or *tnghu-), Lith tingús 'sluggish, lazy', Slav 
*t§žb-kb 'heavy', *tqgb 'tough'. Zupitza 
BB XXV 89, Gutt. 181; Bartholomae 
784-785; Karsten JVB I 17-18; Torp- 



t>un3uz 



429 



Jmr(i)saz 



Falk 180; Lewy IF XXXII 161 
Trautmann BS1 V 318; Pokorný I 1067 
Fraenkel 1098; Vries ANEW 626-627 
Stang LS 58; Vasmer-Trubachev IV 
140; Hamp LP XXVIII 77; Heidermanns 
629-630; Adams TB 290. 

*bunxtuz sb.m.: Goth puhtus 'conscience', 
ON póttr 'thought, minď, OE íóht id., 
MHG an-duht 'thought'. Derived from 
*pankjanan. Holthausen AEEW 366; 
Feist 504; Vries ANEW 618; Onions 
919; Bammesberger Nom. 158. 

*bunkjanan wk.vb.: Goth pugkjan 'to 
believe, to háve an opinion' (irreg.), ON 
pykkja 'to seem', OE dyncan id., OFris 
thinka id., OS thunkian id., OHG dunken 
id. Derived from *punkón. Aufrecht 
2C£ I 353; Torp-Falk 179; Holthausen 
AEEW 374; Feist 504; Pokorný I 1088; 
Ernout-Meillet 695; Onions 917; Vries 
ANEW &ZQ; Lehmann GED 367; Kluge- 
Seebold 200. 

*bunkón sb.m.: ON pokki 'thought, 
consent, mooď, OE ďf-dunca 'offense'. 
Derived from *pankjanan. Derivationally 
close to W tank 'peace' < *tnga (Loth RC 
XLI 225) and Toch A tank, B tanku) 'love' 
< *tng-un (Pedersen REIE III 209-210). 
Vries ANEW 615; Adams TB 277. 

*bunnjanan wk.vb.: ON pynna 'to make 
thin', OHG dunnen id. Derived from 
punnuz. Vries ANEW 630; Heider- 
manns 630. 

*bunnu-wan3an ~ *bunnu-wan3Ón 
sb.n./m.: ON punnvangi 'temple (anat.)', 
OE dunwan3(e) id., OS tinnong id., OHG 
dun-wengi. Compound of *punnuz and 
*wan3an ~ *wan3on. Torp-Falk 178; 
Holthau-sen AEEW 372; Carr Nom. 
comp. 58; Jóhannesson IEW 438 (to 
*punnó 'forehead'); Vries ANEW 627. 

*bunnuz adj.: ON puma, pudr 'thin', OE 
iynne id., OFris thenne, OS thunni id., 
OHG dunni id. Derived from IE *tenu- 
'drin': Skt tanu-, Lat tenuis, Olr tanae, Slav 
*tbrtb-kb. See *panjanan. Karsten NB 
II 359-360, 407; Torp-Falk 178; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 374; Wissmann NP 87; 
Walde-Hofmann II 666; Mayrhofer 



I 474-475; Pokorný I 1069; Vries 
ANEW 627; Onions 917; Peeters IFXL 
207; Lehmann GED 374; Bammesberger 
Nom. 263; Heidermanns K^ XCIX 
282-283, 630; Kluge-Seebold 200. 

*bunraz sb.m.: ON theon. Pórr, OE Sunor 
'thunder', OFris thuner id., OS thunar id., 
OHG donar id. Related to Skt stánati 'to 
thunder', Gk oxévo) 'to moan, to sigh', 
Lat tóno id., Slav *stenaú id. Torp-Falk 
178; Holthausen AEE]\' 372; Walde- 
Hofmann II 690-691; Mayrhofer 1510 
Pokorný I 1021; Vries AhEW 618 
Zalizniak I 137; Frisk II 789-790 
Onions 921; Szemerényi IBK XV 202- 
203 (to Olr torann 'thunder'); Lehmann 
GED 360; Kluge-Seebold 189. 

*bunrójanan wk.vb.: Norw dial. tóra 'to 
thunder', OE dunrian id., MLG donern id., 
OHG donaron id. Derived from *punraz. 
Torp-Falk 178. 

*burfoaz ~ *burfoón adj.: Goth ga-paurbs 
'self-controlling, forgoing, ÉyKpaxř]<;, ON 
purfi 'wanting, in need of. Derived from 
*patfa. Feist 206, 491-492; Matzel 
Festschr. Schrdder 98; Heidermanns 630. 

*burěnan wk.vb.: ON pora 'to dare'. A 
weak verb based on the unattested 
*puraz, cf. *puron > ON pori 'greater part, 
main part'. Etymologically connected 
with Skt tura- 'strong, powerful, rich'. 
Mayrhofer I 514; Pokorný I 1083. 

*burftaz adj.: Goth paurjts 'necessary'. 
Identical with Skt trptá-, participle of 
tfpyati 'to satisfy oneself, to be pleaseď. 
Further see *parja. Torp-Falk 182; 
Feist 491-492; Mayrhofer I 524; 
Bammesberger Nom. 250. 

*burftiz sb.f: Goth paurjts 'need, neces- 
sity', ON pyrft id., OS thurft id., OHG 
durft id. Derivationally identical with Skt 
tfpti- 'satisfaction, contentmenť. See 
*parfa. Kirchhoff K£ I 39; Torp-Falk 
182; Feist 501-492; Mayrhofer I 523; 
Pokorný I 1078; Vries ANEW 627; 
Zalizniak 1151; Seebold 509; Lehmann 
GED 357; Bammesberger Nom. 141. 

*bur(i)saz sb.m.: ON purs 'gianť, OE Syrs 
id., OHG duris 'devil, evil spirit'. Derived 



hur(i)saz 



430 



l>utan 



from *purenan. Harder ASNSL XCIV 
90 (to Skt tura- 'strong'); Focke Saeculurn 
II 584 (to Etr tor); Torp-Falk 197; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 375; Pokorný I 1100; 
Vries ANEW 627; Zalizniak I 137. 

*burnjaz ~ *burnj5n sb.m./f.: ON pyrnir 
'thorn', OE dyrne 'ťhorn-bush'. Derived 
from *purnuz ~ *pumaz. Holthausen 
AEEW 375; Vries ANEW 630; Lehmann 
GED 357. 

*burninaz adj.: Goth paurneins 'thorny', 
OE íymen 'of thorns'. Derived from *pur- 
nuz ~ *purnaz- Holthausen AEE] V 375; 
Feist 492; Lehmann GED 357. 

*burnuz ~ *burnaz sb.m.: Goth paurnus 
'thorn-planť, ON porn 'thorn', OE Som 
id., OFris thorn id., OS thorn id., OHG 
dorn id. Etymologically identical with Skt 
trna- 'grass, herb, blade, straw', Slav 
*tbrm> 'thorn' (Meillet Etudes 447). 
Torp-Falk 182; Trautmann bBSlV 324: 
Holthausen AEEW 367; Feist 492 
Mayrhofer I 522; Pokorný I 1031 
Vries ANEW 617; Zalizniak II 204: 
Onions 918; Vasmer-Trubachev IV 
48-49; Lehmann GED 357; Kluge- 
Seebold 190. 

*burpan sb.n.: Gotli paurp 'land, field, lived- 
on property', ON porp 'hamlet, village', OE 
mase. dorp 'estate, village', OFris thorp, therp 
'village, estate', OS thorp id., OHG dorf 
id. Connected with *prepan. Kirohhoff 
KZ I 39; Bugge BB III 112; Meringer 
IF XVIII 215-218 (to Slav Herbih 'to 
purge, to cleanse'); Zupitza Gatt. 29; 
Kretschmer Glotta XXIV 9-10; Torp- 
Falk 187-188; Holthausen AEEW 367; 
Feist 492; Pokorný I 1090; Schulze Kl. 
Schr. 524; Vries 617-618; Vries ANEW 
617-618; Zalizniak II 173; Onions 918; 
Lehmann GED 357; Kluge-Seebold 190. 

*bursjanan ~ *burzjanan wk.vb.: Goth 
paursjan 'to be ťhirsty', OE part. dyrred 
'dried up'. Identical with Skt tfsyati 
id. Further connected with *persanan and 
*purzuz. Torp-Falk 183; Holthausen 
AEEW 375; Feist 493; Mayrhofer I 
525; Pokorný I 1078-1079; Lehmann 
GED 358; Heidermanns 633. 



*burskaz sb.m.: ON porskr 'codfish', 
MLG dorsch id. Derived from *piirzuz. 
Pedersen IF V 72 (to Russ treska id.); 
Torp-Falk 183; Vries ANEW 618; 
Kluge-Seebold 190 (MLG < ON). 

*burstín sb.f: Goth paurstei 'thirsť, ON 
porsti id. See *purstuz. Torp-Falk 1 83. 

*burstuz ~ *burstiz sb.m.: Swed torst 
'thirsť, OE Surst id., OS thurst id., OHG 
durst id. Based on the unattested *purstaz 
'ťhirsty' (Heidermanns 632). See *per- 
sanan. Torp-Falk 183; Holthausen 
AEEW 372; Feist 493; Pokorný I 1079; 
Vries ANEW 618; Zalizniak II 198; 
Onions 917; Seebold 515; Lehmann 
GED 358; Kluge-Seebold 202. 

*burstjanan wk.vb.: ON pyrsta 'to thirsť, 
OE dyrstan id., OS thurstian id., OHG 
dursten id. Derived from *purstuz ~ 
*purstiz. Torp-Falk 183; Holthausen 
AEEW 375; Vries ANEh r 630; Lehmann 
GED 358; Heidermanns 632 (reconstructs 
*purstaz 'ťhirsty'). 

*burzn5janan wk.vb.: Goth ga-paursnan 
'to dry up', ON porna 'to become dry'. 
Derived from *purzuz. Torp-Falk 183; 
Feist 493; Pokorný I 1078; Seebold 515; 
Lehmann GED 358; Heidermanns 633. 

*burzuz adj.: Goth panrsus 'dry' (with s < 
Z under the influence of *persanan), ON 
purr 'dry', OE dyne id., MLG dorre 'arid, 
dry', OHG durri 'dry'. Identical with Skt 
trsů- 'greedy, desirous, rapid', Av taršu- 
'dry', OLat tonus 'dried up', Olr tur 
'dry'. See *persanan. Bartholomae 644: 
Karsten NB II 360; Torp-Falk 183 
Feist 493; Holthausen AEEW 375 
Walde-Hofmann II 694; Mayrhofer I 
525; Pokorný I 1078-1079; Vries ANEW 
627; Seebold 515; Lehmann GED 358; 
Bammesberger Nom. 262; Heidermanns 
632-633; Kluge-Seebold 201. 

*busjaz sb.m.: ON pyss 'uproar, tumult', 
OE bys 'storm'. Connected with *paus- 
janan. Torp-Falk 188; Holthausen 
AEE]V 375 (to Skt tavah 'strong'); Vries 
AVEir630. 

*butan sb.n.: ON pot 'rush', OE se-dot 
'howling', déot id. Derived from *peutanan. 



pattan 



431 



t>weri3anan 



Holthausen AEE1 1 7 367; Vries ANE] V 6 1 8. 

*{mtiz sb.m.: Goth put-haurn 'trumpet', ON 
pytr 'noise, whistling sounď, MHG duz 
id. Derived from *peutanan. Torp-Falk 
187; Feist 506; Vries ANEW 615; 
Lehmann GED 369 (to IE *teud- 'to kick'); 
Seebold 516. 

*púbon ~ *púbaz sb.f./m.: ON púfa 
'mounď, OE ůúf 'tufť. Related to Lat 
túber 'hump, swelling' (Persson Beitrage 
482). Torp-Falk 187; Holthausen 
AEEW 371; Walde-Hofmann II 712- 
713; Pokorný I 1080; Vries ANEW 626. 

*púmalaz ~ *búmilaz sb.m.: ON pumal- 
fingr 'thumb', OE dýmel 'thimble'. Short 
-u- must be secondary in ON. Derived 
from *piimón. Torp-Falk 185; Hol- 
thausen AEEW 374; Vries ANEW 626. 

*{)úmalin3az ~ *númalun3az sb.m.: 
ON pumlungr 'drumb (of a glove)', Fris 
tommeling 'thumbstarť, MLG dúmelink id. 
Derived from *pumalaz ~ *pumilaz. 
Torp-Falk 185; Vries ANEW 626. 

*búmón sb.m.: OSwed pumi 'thumb' (with 
a short *-u-), OE duma id., OFris thuma 
id., MLG dum, dúme id., OS thúmo id., 
OHG dumo id. Etymologically close to 
Av túma- 'strong', Lat tumor 'swelling, 
tumor', tumeo 'to be swollen', W tyfu 'to 
grow', Lith tumeti 'to thicken'. Persson 
Beitrage 191, 480; Bartholomae 638- 
639; Torp-Falk 185; Trautmann BSW 
332; Holthausen AEEW 372; Walde- 
Hofmann II 715; Pokorný I 1082; Dybo 
VSJa 21 (pretonic shortening of *u in 
OSwed); Fraenkel 1 1 39; Zalizniak I 
155; Vries ANEW 626; Onions 921; 
Schrijver LL 354 (follows Dybo); 
KVluge-Seebold 163. 

*bús-(x)untE num.: Goth pusundi 'thou- 
sanď, ON púsund 'host, large number, 
thousanď, OE dúsend 'thousanď, OFris 
thusend id., OHG dusunt id. Fem. of a root 
stem. Related to Lith túkštantis id., Slav 
Hysetja id. Goes back to a compound of 
*tus-kmti- 'strong hundreď (Brugmann 
Grundrifi 11/ 2 48; Meillet MSL XIV 
372). Hirt IF VI 344-346; Bugge PBB 
XIII 327; Torp-Falk 186; Sobolevskii 



RFVX11I 144 (Gmc < Slav); Trautmann 
BSW 332; Holthausen AEEW 372-373; 
Feist 505-506; Porzig Gliedenmg 142; 
Pokorný I 1083; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
84; Fraenkel 1135-1136; Vries ANEW 
628; Onions 919; Stang LS 59; Lehmann 
GED 367-368; Vasmer-Trubachev IV 
133; Pijnenburg KZ GII 99-105 (recon- 
structs *tút-snt-l); Bammesberger Nom. 
215 (from IE *tú-s-nt-); Ross-Berns 
Numerals 621; Kluge-Seebold 818. 

*bwaxanan str.vb.: Goth pwahan 'to 
wash', ON pvá id., OE oweán id., OS 
thumhan id., OHG dwahan id. Compared 
with OPr twaxtan 'bathbrush' < Huakstom 
(Schmidt apud Feist). The latter, how- 
ever, could be connected with IE *tuak- 'to 
tie togetírer' which leaves the Germanic 
verb isolated. Fiok I 64 (to Skt tóšate 
'to drip, to stream'); Grienberger Got. 
219 (to Lidi tvasketi 'to strike'); Wood 
JEGP II 227-228 (to *teu- 'to swell'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 140; Torp-Falk 196; Feist 
506; Holthausen AEE]\ t 373; Kuiper 
Nasalprásentia 125—126 (to Skt tujáti 'to 
move quickly, to urge, to incite'); 
Jóhannesson ZEIK451; Pokorný I 1098; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 77; Vries ANE]V 
628; Seebold 525; Lehmann GED 369; 
Kiuge-Seebold 918. 

*J)\vaxlan sb.n.: Goth pwahl 'washing, 
baúY, ON pvál 'a kind of soap', OE dwéal 
'washing', OHG dwahal 'washing, baťh'. 
Derived from *pwaxanan. Torp-Falk 
196; Holthausen AEE]V 373; Feist 
507; Pokorný I 1098; Vries ANEW 
628; Zalizniak II 173; Seebold 525; 
Lehmann GED 369; Bammesberger Nom. 
76; Fvluge-Seebold 918. 

*bwan3Íz sb.m.: ON pnengr 'thong, latcheť, 
OE dwans 'ťhong'. Derived from *pwen- 
3anan. Torp-Falk 196; Holthausen 
AEEW 373; Vries ANE]V 628; Onions 
918; Seebold 527. 

*J)\ven3anan str.vb.: Norw tvinga 'to force, 
to constrain' (str./wk.), OFris thwinga id., 
OS thwingan 'to oppress', OHG dwingan 
'to force, to constrain'. Related to IE 
forms with a different velar: Skt tvanakti 



J)wen3anan 



432 



u|)eswo 



'to contracť (if not an artificial form 
based on tanákti), Lith tvenkiu, tveňkti 'to 
dam'. Torp-Falk 196; Holthausen 
AEEW 373; Jóhannesson IEW 452 
Mayrhofer I 538; Pokorný I 1099 
Fraenkel 1151-1 152; Vries AMEW 629 
Onions 918; Seebold 526-528; Kluge- 
Seebold 920s. 

*bweranan str.vb.: OE se-dweran 'to stir, 
to twiď, OHG gi-dweran 'to stir up\ 
Related to Skt turáti 'to hurry, to press 
forwarď, (Brahm.) tvárate 'to hurry'. 
Persson Beitráge 122; Torp-Falk 196 
197; Holthausen AEEW 373; Mayr- 
hofer I 514, 539; Pokorný I 1100-1101; 
Seebold 528; Kluge-Seebold 661. 

*|)werxwaz adj.: Goth pwairhs 'angry', 
ON pverr 'athwart, across, transverse', 
OE dweorh 'crooked, cross', OFris adv. 
thweres 'crosswise, transverse', OS thwerh 
'stupiď, OHG dwerah 'crosswise, trans- 
verse'. Related to Skt tarkú- 'spindle', Gk 
axpaKTOi; id., Lat torqueo 'to twist' 
(Noreen Abúfi 224; Much PBB XVII 
92). Grienberger Got. 219 (derived from 



*pweranan); Karsten MB I 5-6, 25; Hoff- 
mann BB XXV 106 (to Gk capKÓ^to 'to 
pluck (grass), to tear (fish)'); Osthoff PBB 
XIII 461-463 (to Gk rcpouiíq 'diaph- 
ragm'); ZuprrzA Gutt. 71; Torp-Falk 197; 
Walde-Hofmann II 692-693; Feist 507; 
Holthausen AEEJ\ t 373; Mayrhofer I 
485; Pokorný I 1077; Vries AMEW 628; 
Frisk I 180; Onions 921; Lehmann GED 
369; Bammesberger Mom. 254 (to Gk 
aópí; 'meať < *turk-); Heidermanns 
634-635; Kluge-Seebold 919. 

*nwerxwín sb.f.: Goth pwairhei 'anger, ire, 
quarrel', OHG duruh dwerahí 'sideways'. 
Derived from *pwerxwaz. Feist 507; 
Heidermanns 634. 

*J)\verilaz sb.m.: ON pyrill 'whisk', OE 
dwirel 'stick for whipping milk', OHG 
dwiril 'whisk'. Derived from *pweranan. 
Torp-Falk 197; Holthausen AEEW 
374; Jóhannesson IEW 453-455; Vries 
AMEW 630; Kluge-Seebold 661. 

*j5wínanan str.vb.: OSwed thvina 'to dwin- 
dle', OE owínan id. Of unknown origin. 
Torp-Falk 197; Pokorný I 1054. 



u 



*uba prep.: Goth «/ 'under', ON ofover, 
OE ufe-weard 'upper', OHG oba 'up, 
over'. Continues *upo. Related to Skt Úpa 
'towards, near to, ať, Av upa 'near to', 
Gk bitá 'under', Olr^o 'under'. Gf. also 
*uppa. Bartholomae 388-389; Torp- 
Falk 31; Holthausen AEE]\ t 376; Feist 
509; Mayrhofer I 105; Pokorný I 
1106-1107; Vries AMEW 416; Frisk 
II 971-972; Lehmann GED 370-371; 
Kluge-Seebold 595. 

*ubaně adv.: ON ofan 'from above, down', 
OE ufan 'from above, down', OFris uva 
'up, above', OS ována id., OHG oben, 
obana id. Derived from *uia. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 376; Vries AMEW 417; 
Kluge-Seebold 595. 



*ubaraz ~ *ubarón adj.: Godr ufaro 
'over, above', ON qfarr 'up, above', OE 
ujira 'upper, higher', OHG oboro id. 
Comparative of *uba. Close to Skt úpara- 
'situated below', Av upara- 'upper'. 
Bartholomae 393; Holthausen AEEJ\ t 
412; Pokorný I 1106-1107; Vries 
AMEW 417; Kluge-Seebold 595. 

*ubarojanan wk.vb.: ON ofra 'to bran- 
dish, to wave in the air', OE oferian 'to 
exalť, MLG overen 'to remain', OHG 
obaron 'to delay, to remove'. Derived from 
*ubaraz ~ *uiarón. Torp-Falk 3 1 ; Holt- 
hausen ^££11' 240; Vries AMEW 417. 

*ubeswó ~ *ubezwó sb.f: Goth ubizwa 
'portico', ON ups 'eaves', OE efes 'eaves, 
brim, brink', OFris ose 'gutters', MLG 



u]3eswo 



433 



uxson 



ovese id., OHG obasa 'portico, entrance 
halí'. Derived from *uba. Hirt PBB 
XXIII 326; Johansson PBB XV 239 
Zupitza Gutt. 29; Torp-Falk 32 
Holthausen AEEW 243; Feist 508-509 
Pokorný I 1 107; Vries XAEIT635; Zaliz- 
niak II 228; Onions 298-299; Lehmann 
GED 370 (direcdy to Skt upás- 'lap'). 

*ubelan sb.n.: Godi ubil 'evil', OE yfel 
id., OFris evel id., OS ubil id., OS uvil 
id., OHG hM id. Substantivized *ubelaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 412; Feist 508; 
Heidermanns 637. 

*ubelaz adj.: Goth ubils 'bad, wicked, evil', 
OE yfel 'evil, 21, bad', OFris evel id., OS 
ubil 'bad, wicked, ev2', MDu evel id., 
OHG ubil id. Structurally close to Olr 
jel 'bad' < *up-elo- (Stokes A^ XXXVI 
274-275). Further derived from *uba 
(Johansson PBB XV 238-239; Grien- 
berger Got. 220). Uhlenbeck PBB 
XXX 317 (to Skt úpala- 'stone'); Torp- 
Falk 31-32; Feist 508; Holthausen 
AEE]V 412; Pokorný Festschr. Streitberg 
292-293 (to Olr ad-bal 'strong'); Onions 
332; Amira Recht II 126; Watklns Verbalfl. 
30 (to Hitt huttapfpja- 'bad'); Lehmann 
GED 370; Heidermanns 637—638; 
Kluge-Seebold 845. 

*ub(e)ljan sb.n.: ON inn-yfli 'intestines, 
bowels', OE in-ylfe 'gut, bowel', OHG 
inn-ovili id. Derived from *ubelaz. 
Helnertz SVSL VII 72 (from *en-nabali 
'inside the navel'); Holthausen AEE]V 
188; Vries ANEW 287 (suffix *-iÉlja-). 

*uberi adv., prep.: Goth ufar 'over', ON 
yfir 'over, above', OE ofer id., OFris over 
'over', OS ovar id., OHG prep. ubar 
id., adv. ubari, ubiri id. Continues IE 
*uperi 'above, over': Skt upári, Av upairi, 
Gk bitép. Cf. also *uba. Bartholomae 
394-395; Torp-Falk 31; Holthausen 
AEEW 240; Feist 509; Mayrhofer I 106; 
Pokorný I 1105-1106; Vries AKEW 
676; Frisk II 966-967; Onions 637; 
Lehmann GED 371; Kluge-Seebold 844. 

*ufnaz sb.m.: ON ofn 'oven', OE ofen id., 
OFris oven id., MLG oven id., OHG ován 
id. A phonetic variant of *uxwnaz ~ 



*u3wnaz, with *k" > *x(w) > *f. On the 
other hand, a comparison with Hitt 
happena- 'baking k2n, fire-piť remains 
attractive. Meringer IF XXI 295-296 
(from Proto-Gk *ímvó<;); Holthausen 
AEEW 240; Pokorný I 88; Vries ANEW 
417; Zalizniak II 227; Onions 637; 
Stang LS 64 (direcdy to OPrus wumpnis 
'oven'); Lehmann GED 49; Puhvel III 
121-122; Kluge-Seebold 597. 

*uftai ~ *uft5t adv.: Goth u/ta 'often', 
ON opt id., OE oft id., OFris o/ta id., 
OS adv. ofto id., OHG adv. ofto id. De- 
rived from *uba (Wood JEGP II 214). 
Uhlenbeck PBB XXVII 133 (to Skt 
uptá- 'scattered, sown'); Torp-Falk 31; 
Meringer IF XVIII 210 (to Lat opus 
'work'); Grienberger ZiPh XXXVII 548 
(samé as Wood); Holthausen AEEJ V 240; 
Feist 513; Vries ANEH 7 419; Onions 625; 
Lehmann GED 373; Kluge-Seebold 598. 

*uxwnaz ~ *u3wnaz sb.m.: Godi auhns 
'oven', OSwed oghn id. Related to Gk 
ítcvÓš id. despite phonetic difhculties 
(Myc i-po-no implies the originál *p and 
thus makes the variant *ufnaz more 
archaic). Further connections are not cer- 
tain (Skt ukhá- 'vessel, bo2er'?, see Kret- 
schmer Einleitung 147). Fick III 29 
(reconstructs *uÁ*nós for Greek); Meillet 
MSL LX 137 (separates forms with *-xw- 
/*-3W- from those widi *-f-); Torp-Falk 
29; Svedrup Festschr. Torp 108 (sepa- 
rates *uxwnaz ~ *uswnaz from *ufnaz); 
Meringer IF XXI 295-296 (from proto- 
Gk *i)7ivói;); Feist 65-66 (a IVanderwort); 
Fraenkel KZ LXIII 202 (ítcvó? < 
*í>Kfvó<;); Mayrhofer I 98; Pokorný I 
88; Szemerényi PBB LXXXII 25-26 
(Gmc < Gk); Zalizniak II 227; Frisk I 
732-733; Onions 637; Lehmann GED 49 
(follows Svedrup). 

*uxs5n sb.m.: Goth auhsa 'ox' (gen. pl. 
auhsne), ON uxi, oxi id. (pl. yxn, qxn), OE 
oxa id., OFris oxa id., OS ohso id., OHG 
ohso id. Related to Toch A ops-, B okso 
'cow, ox', Skt uksán- 'bull', Av uxšan- id., 
W ych 'ox', MW pl. ychen (Forsterman 
KZ I 496). Bartholomae 383; Torp- 



uxson 



434 



undumiz 



Falk 29; Sturtevant Language VI 253; 
Guntert Festschr. Panzer 1 (from Turkic, 
cf. Turk okúz 'ox'); Holthausen AEE]\' 
243; Feist 66; Porzig Gliederung 199; 
Mayrhofer I 98; Pokorný I 1118; Vries 
ANEW 422, 680; Zalizniak I 221; 
Onions 638; Lehmann GED 49; Bammes- 
berger jYom. 176; Kluge-Seebold 597; 
Adams TB 1 1 1 . 

*uxwe ptcl.: Goth -uh 'anď. The samé 
particle also appears in other Germanic 
languages in a constraint form. Related 
to Skt ca id., Av ča, Lat que id., Gk xe 
id. — but phonetic details of the anlaut 
are not clear (should we posit IE *e k"e?). 
Lidén AMFW 99-101 (from *n-k'e); Hirt 
PBB XVIII 299 (samé as Lidén); 
Brugmann IF XXXIII 173-180, Dem. 65 
(to Lat -ce in ecce 'here, beholď); Bartho- 
lomae 563-575; Streitberg GE 71; 
Loewe PBB LI 266; Walde-Hofmann II 
401-402; Feist 5141 Mayrhofer I 365; 
Pokorný I 635-636; Frisk II 862-863; 
Onions 919; Lehmann GED 374. 

*umfoi prep.: ON umb, um 'arounď, OE 
ymb, ymbe 'about, by', OFris umbe 
'arounď, OS umbi id., OHG umbi id. 
Together with Skt abhí 'to, towards', Av 
aiwi 'to' (if not from *ebhi ~ *obhi), Gaul 
ambi- 'arounď, Olr imb- id., continues IE 
*mbhi. Other IE forms go back to *ambhi. 
Maybe connected with *bi. Bartho- 
lomae 87-88; Torp-Falk 32; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 412; Mayrhofer I 41; 
Pokorný I 34; Vries AMEW 633; Kluge- 
Seebold 846. 

*unčta I prep.: ON und 'under', OFris und, 
ont id., OS und 'moreover'. See *uniera. 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 45 (to Skt ádhi 'above, 
over', Olr ind-); Torp-Falk 30; Feist 
517-51 8; Vries AJ\Ei V 634. 

*unda II adv., conj.: Goth und 'unto, 
until', ON und 'up to', OE und 'till', ód 
'until', OFris und id., OS und id., OHG 
unt 'to, until'. Gf. uhe univerbation *unda 
tě > Goth unte 'until', OS unti, unt id., 
OHG unzi, unz id. where the particle *tě 
is related to Lat dě 'from', Olr dí id. 
Zero grade of IE *anti ~ *anta, cf. Lith iíit 



'to'. See also *anda. Solmsen A^XXLX 
333 {*unia tě to Gk evte 'until'); Torp- 
Falk 30 (to Arm snd 'under'); Kluge PBB 
XXXV 573-574 (reconstructs *unia pe); 
Walde-Hofmann I 325-326; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 243; Feist 517-518, 524; 
Pokorný I 49-50, 181-182; Onions 962; 
Lehmann GED 376, 378. 

*undaně adv.: ON undan 'from under- 
neath', MLG unden, undene 'from beneath, 
down', OHG untana 'from beneath'. 
Derived from Hinda I. Vries ANE\ V 634. 

*unčte conj.: OHG unti, unt 'anď. Related 
to Skt átha 'then, now', Toch B entwe 
'also'. Mayrhofer I 28 (separates Skt 
a- as a pronominal element); Pokorný I 
50; Kluge-Seebold 847. 

*under prep.: OE under 'between', OFris 
under id., OS undar id., OHG untar id. 
Related to Skt antár 'within, in, between', 
Av antard 'between', Lat inter id., Olr éter 
id. Bartholomae 131-132; Torp-Falk 
30; Holthausen AEE]V 376; Walde- 
Hofmann I 708-709; Mayrhofer I 35; 
Pokorný I 313; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*unčter(a) adv., prep.: Goth undar 'under', 
ON undir id., OE under id., OFris under 
id., OS undar id., OHG untar id. 
Continues IE *ndhero-\ Skt ádhara- 'lower, 
inferior', Av aSaro id., Lat ínferus id. 
Comparative form of *unia I. Bartho- 
lomae 57-58; Torp-Falk 30; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 376; Walde-Hofmann I 
698; Feist 518; Mayrhofer I 30-31; 
Pokorný I 771; Vries ANEW 634; 
Onions 958; Lehmann GED 376; Kluge- 
Seebold 849; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*unčturni-matiz sb.m.: Goth undaumi- 
mats 'midday meal', OE undern-mete 
'breakfasť. Compound of *undurniz and 
*matiz. Holthausen AEEW 376; Feist 
518; Carr Mom. comp. 45; Lehmann GED 
376-377; Kluge-Seebold 849. 

*undurniz sb.m.: Goth undaurni-mats 'mid- 
day meal', ON undorn 'mid-afternoon, 
mid-forenoon, meal', OE undern 'nine in 
the morning', OS undorn 'time before 
noon', OHG untorn, untarn 'midday'. 
Derived from *unier (Osthoff Morph. 



undurniz 



435 



urti-3ardaz 



Unt. VI 359). Structurally close to Lat 
internus 'internal' (Brugmann IF XXXIII 
304). Meyer Goth. 560 (to Skt antá 
'within, in, between', Lat inter 'between'); 
Torp-Falk 30-31; Gaebeler ~^dPh 
XLIII 57 (on Goth -au-); Holthausen 
AEEW 376; Walde-Hofmann I 710; 
Feist 518; Vries ANEW 634; Pokorný I 
313; Schmidt IF LXIII 294-298; Leh- 
mann GED 376-377; Kluge-Seebold 849. 

*unxtwó(n) sb.f.: Goth uhtwo 'dawn', ON 
ótta 'last part of the nighť, OE mase. úht 
'time just before the daybreak', OS úhta 
! dawn', OHG uhta id. Continues *nk"tu-, 
derivative of *nek*t- 'nighť. Cf. especially 
Skt aktů- 'last part of the night, the dark- 
ness just before dawn' and probably Gk 
ciktÍí; 'ray' (Osthoff IF V 284; Schmidt 
Plur. 212-214). Further related to *naxtz 
(Hirt Idg. Gr. II 17, 159). Torp-Falk 30; 
Holthausen AEEW 376; Feist 515; Frisk 
I 61; Mayrhofer I 15; Pokorný I 762- 
763; Vries ANEW 42 1-422; Zaliznlak II 
219; Frisk I 61; Lehmann GED 374-375; 
Markey Festschr. Gimbutas 299-32 1 . 

*unnanan str./wk.vb.: ON unna 'to love, 
to grant' (< *unněnan), OE unnan 'to 
granť, OS unnan id., OHG gi-unnan id. 
Present form *anna (ON ann, OE onn, on, 
OHG aň) is an innovation based on older 
pl. *unnum < *unz-nu-m probably related 
to Gk 7tpoa-r|VT|c; 'friendly, well-disposeď 
(Brugmann Btrg. Gesch. XXXLX 89). On 
the other hand, cf. Hitt ašš- 'to be 
favored, to be dear' < *ans- (Puhvel 
204-206). Torp-Falk 14; Holthausen 
AEE]V 376; Feist 53; Jóhannesson IEW 
30-31; Pokorný I 47; Vries ANEW 635; 
Seebold 79—80; Kluge-Seebold 331. 

*unseraz pron.: Goth unsar 'our', ON ván 
id., OE user id., OHG unsér id. Derived 
from *uns- with a comparative suffrx 
(Brugmann Gnindrift 11/ 2 404), see *wez ~ 
*wíz. Torp-Falk 29-30; Holthausen 
AEEW 377; Feist 523; Pokorný I 758; 
Onions 636; Lehmann GED 378. 

*unj)iz ~ *unjíj5 sb.f: ON unnr, uSr 
Svave', OE ýo id., OS úthia id., OHG 
unda id. Similar to but not phonetically 



identical with Lat unda 'wave', Lith vanduo 
'water'. Cf. *watnan ~ *watar. Torp- 
Falk 30; Holthausen AEEW 413; 
Walde-Hofmann II 816-818; Pokorný I 
78-80; Vries ANEW 635; Zalizniak H 214. 



* 



upanaz 



^upenaz adj.: ON opinn 



'open', OE open id., OFris epen id., OS 
opan, OHG offan. Derived, widr a suffix 
of strong past participle, from *uppa. 
Torp-Falk 31; Holthausen AEEW 241; 
Vries ANEW 419; Onions 628; Szeme- 
rényi Festschr. Knobloch 469-472 (from 
adv. *upo-ně 'from above'); Peeters /FXCIV 
297-298 (reconstructs *upnaz); Heider- 
manns 639-640; Kluge-Seebold 597-598. 

*upanójanan wk.vb.: ON opna 'to open', 
OE openian id., OFris epenia id., OS opanon 
id., OHG offanón id. Derived from 
*upanaz ~ *upenaz. Vries ANEW 419; 
Hetdermanns 640. 

*uppa prep.: ON upp 'up', OE up id., 
OFris up, op id., OS up, upp id., OHG 
uppa id. Cf. also Goth mp 'up' < *eup(p)a. 
A geminated form of *uía (Johansson 
PBBXV 239-241: from *up-nó). Cf. also, 
with lengthening, OS up id., OHG úf\á. 
Torp-Falk 31; Holthausen AEEW 377; 
Feist 298; Martinet Gem. 1 76; Pokorný 
I 1107; Vries ANEW 635; Onions 962; 
Lehmann GED 371; Kluge-Seebold 62. 

*uppjanan wk.vb.: ON yppa 'to lift, to 
hold up', OE yppan 'to bring up, to dis- 
close', MLG uppen 'to raise', OHG ufen 
'to reveal'. Derived from *uppa. Holt- 
hausen AE£ir413; Vries ANE]V 679. 

*upp5n adv.: ON uppi 'up, upon, above', 
OE uppe 'above, up', OFris uppa 'up', OS 
uppa id. Related to *uppa. Holthausen 
,4Ě£ir377; Vries ANEW 635; Onions 962. 

*urti-3aráaz sb.m.: Goth aurti-gards 'gar- 
den', Sw brtagard id., OE ort-yard 
'orcharď. Semicalque combining Rom 
*ortus 'garden' and Gmc *sardaz. Torp- 
Falk 397 (reconstructs *urtiz 'herb'); 
Feist 68, GGE 12-13 (the first element to 
*wurtiz); Carr Nom. comp. 70 (parallel 
formations); Holthausen AEEW 242; 
Corazza Lat. 23-24; Lehmann GED 51 
(independent borrowings). 



urzon 



436 



ufaz 



*urz5n sb.m.: ON oni 'heathcock, moor- 
fowl', Norw orre 'aurochs'. Gf. also OHG 
orre-hano 'pheasanť. Identical with Av 
aršan- 'man', Gk ap<xr|v, £p<xr|v 'male, 
masculine'. Cf. also Skt rsa-bhá- 'bull'. 
Bartholomae 203-204; Torp-Falk 32; 
Pokorný I 336; Vries AMEW 420; Frisk 
I 152-153. 

*uslón ~ *usljó sb.m./f.: ON ušli 'con- 
flagration, embers', OE ysel, ysle 'spark, 
ash, ember', MLG Ssek 'hot ashes', MHG 
usek id. Probably derived from IE *eus-, 
cf. Lat úro 'to burn', Gk £\><o 'to singe'. 
Torp-Falk 33; Holthausen AEEW 413; 
Walde-Hofmann II 841-842; Pokorný I 
348; Vries AMEW 636; Frisk I 3 Frisk I 
596-597. 

*ustr(j)az adj.: Swed yskr 'very active', 
OHG ustar 'greedy'. Probably, derived 
from IE *eus- 'to burn'. Torp-Falk 33; 
Pokorný I 348, 1170-1171. 

*utraz sb.m.: ON otr 'otter', OE okr id., 
MLG otter id., OHG ottar id. Identical 
with Skt udrá- 'aquatic animal', Av udro 
id., Gk íjSpoi; 'water snake', cf. also Lith 
udra 'otter', Slav. *vydra id. (Forsterman 
K£ I 494) with long vocalism explained 
by Winter's law; further connected with 
IE *uedór 'water'. Meillet MSL XIV 
342; Bartholomae 387; Torp-Falk 384; 
Trautmann BS] V 334; Holthausen 
AEEW 143; Mayrhofer I 104; Pokorný 
I 79; Vries AMEW 421; Zalizniak I 
137; Fraenkel II 1157-1158; Frisk II 
957; Vasmer-Trubachev I 367; Kluge- 



Seebold 606; Dybo BSA 143-144. 

*uwwalón sb.f: ON ugla 'owl', OE úk id., 
MLG ule id., OHG úwíla id. (< *uwwilon). 
Deminutive of *uww6n. Zupitza Gutt. 
17; Torp-Falk 32; Holthausen AEEW 
376; Pokorný I 1103; Vries AMW 632; 
Zalizniak I 156; Onions 638; Kluge- 
Seebold 237. 

*uwwón sb.f: Swiss huwe, hue 'owl'. An 
isolated archaism. Originally, of imitative 
origin. Cf. *úfaz ~ *úfon. Pokorný I 
1103. 

*uz prep.: Goth uz, us 'out of, ON ór, ur 
id., OE or- id., OFris ur-, or- id., OS ur-, 
or- id., OHG ur id. Probably, from *ut-s- 
further related to *iit (Schmidt Plur. 219). 
Brugmann KVG 463, 468 (samé as 
Schmidt); Uhlenbeck TJVTL XXV 302 
(to IE *au- 'away from'); Jacobsohn K£ 
XLLX 195; Holthausen AEEW 241; 
Feist 528; Pokorný I 1103-1104; Vries 
ANEW 412; Lehmann GED 380; Kluge- 
Seebold 850. 

*uzda-xwassaz adj.: ON odd-hvass 'sharp- 
pointeď, OHG ort-was id. Compound of 
*uzdaz and *xwassaz. Carr JVom. comp. 62. 

*uzdaz sb.m.: ON oddr 'sharp point (of a 
weapon)', OE ord id., OFris ord id., OS 
ord 'sharp point, sharp edge', OHG ort id. 
Identical with Alb usht 'ear (of grain)' 
< *us-to-; further cf. Lith usnis 'thisde'. 
Torp-Falk 33, 561; Holthausen AEEW 
242; Pokorný I 237, 1 172; Vries AMEW 
415; Zalizniak II 173; Onions 623; 
Kluge-Seebold 604; Orel AED 490. 



u 



*účtaran sb.n.: OE úder 'udder', OFris úder 
id., OS úder id., OHG mase. útar id. 
Related to Skt udhar 'udder, bosom, 
breasť, Gk oúSap 'udder', Lat uber id. 
Torp-Falk 29, 561; Holthausen AEEW 
375; Walde-Hofmann II 738-739; 
Mayrhofer I 115; Pokorný I 347; 



Zalizniak II 184; Frisk II 442-443; 
Onions 954; Kluge-Seebold 237-238. 
*úfaz ~ *úfon sb.m.: ON íifr 'a kind of 
owl', OE úf 'owl', OHG úvo id. Related 
to Lav úpis 'owl', Slav *vypb 'bittern' 
(Persson Beitrdge 495). Zupitza Gutt. 17; 
Torp-Falk 32; Buga RFV LXV 323; 



ufaz 



437 



wajyjaz 



Trautmann BS>\ t 335; Holthausen 
AEEW 375; Pokorný I 1103; Vries 
AMEW 632; Vasmer-Trubachev I 369. 

*úran I sb.n.: ON úr 'metal slag', LG úr 
'soil containing iron'. Identical with Olr 
úr 'earth, clay'. Torp-Falk 6; Vries 
AMEW 635. 

*úran II sb.n.: ON úr 'drizzling rain'. 
Related to OPrus wurs 'pool, ponď, with 
a different ablaut grade Lith jáura 'marsh, 
swamp'. Further see *warbn ~ *waraz 
(Bugge KZ XX 29-30). Torp-Falk 32; 
Pokorný I 80-81; Fraenkel 198. 

*úrÍ3az adj.: ON úrigr 'weť, OE úriyjeiera 
'wet-feaťhereď. Derived from *úran II. 
Holthausen AEE]V 377; Pokorný I 80. 

*úruz sb.m.: Goth uraz 'name of the u- 
rune', ON úrr 'aurochs', OE úr 'a kind of 
ox, bison' (ň-stem), MLG úr 'aurochs', 
OHG úro id. (n-stem). Connected with 
*úran II (Grienberger PBB XXI 209), cf. 
the samé semantic development in IE 
*ursen- 'male' from *uers- 'rain'. For- 
sterman KZ I 499 (related to Lat úrus); 
Froehde BB II 337 (identical with Skt 
usrá- 'bull', which is, however, metaphor- 
ically derived from usrá- 'early in the 
morning'); Torp-Falk 32; Holthausen 
AEEW 377; Feist 527; Pokorný I 80; 
Vries AMEW 636; Lehmann GED 379; 
Kluge-Seebold 62 (to *ursen- 'male'). 

*út adv.: Goth ut 'ouť, ON út id., OE út 



id., OFris út id., OS út id., OHG ú z id. 
Related to Skt út 'up, upon, from', Olr 
ud-, od- 'ouť. Further connections are 
dubious. Torp-Falk 29; Wood JEGP II 
218-219 (to *watnan ~ *watar); Gůntert 
IF XL 189 (to Gk ot>8-auó<; 'none, no 
one'); Holthausen AEEW 377; Feist 
537; Mayrhofer I 101; Pokorný I 1103- 
1104; Vries AMEW 636; Onions 636; 
Lehmann GED 384; Kluge-Seebold 66. 

*útai adv.: Goth uta 'outside', ON úti id., 
OE úte id., OFris úte id., OS úta, úte id., 
OHG úze id. Derived from *út. Torp- 
Falk 29; Holthausen AEE]V 377; Feist 
537; Vries AME]V 636; Lehmann GED 
384. 

*útaně adv.: Goth utana 'outside', ON útan 
'from outside', OE útan id., OS útan id., 
OHG úzan, úzana 'putside'. Derived from 
*út. Holthausen AEE1V 377; Feist 537; 
Vries AMEW 636; Lehmann GED 384; 
Fvluge-Seebold 67-68. 

*útaraz adj.: ON útan 'farther ouť, OE 
útor 'beyond, outside', OFris uter id., OS 
far-útar id., OHG prep. úzar 'out, out- 
side'. Derived from *út. Holthausen 
AEEW 377; Vries AJSEW 636; Kluge- 
Seebold 68. 

*útjanan wk.vb.: ON ýta 'to push out, to 
launch', OE ýtan 'to put out, to expel'. 
Derived from *út. Holthausen AEE]\ j 
413; Vries ANE1V 680. 



w 



*wab(a)15janan wk.vb.: ON vafia 'to hover 
abouť, G wabelen 'to move bušily'. See 
*wat(a)rqanan. Vries AMEW 638 (to ON 
váfa 'to swing, to vibrate'); Heidermanns 642. 

*wah(a)r5janan wk.vb.: ON vafia 'to 
hover abouť, Du wapperen 'to move back 
and forth', MHG waberen 'to move back 
and forth, to work bušily'. Connected 
with *wabdn. Johansson GGA 1890 767- 
768 (to Lat uapor 'steam'), BB XVIII 31; 



Vries AME]V 638; Onions 995; Heider- 
manns 642; Kluge-Seebold 869. 
*wabjaz ~ *wahjan sb.m.n.: ON vejř 
'web (in the loom), cloth', OE webb 'web, 
woven stuff', OFris webb 'cloth', OS webbi 
id., OHG webbi id. Derived from 
*webanan. Torp-Falk 391-392; Holt- 
hausen AEE1\ T 387; Pokorný I 1114; 
Zalizniak II 214; Onions 997; Bammes- 
berger jYom. 66. 



wajjjanan 



438 



wa3janan 



*wahjanan wk.vb.: ON vejja 'to wrap, to 
folď, OE webbian 'to weave, to contrive'. 
Derived from *webanan. Holthausen 
AEEW387; VsjesANEÍ V 650; Seebold 541. 

*wafoón sb.m.: ON vafi 'doubt, uncer- 
tainty'. Probably derived from *webanan. 
Onions 994. 

*wabsaz ~ *wahsjo sb.m./f.: OE wesp, 
wďps 'wasp', OS wepsia id., OHG wefsa, 
wefs id. Close to Lat uespa id., OBret 
guohi id., OPrus wobse id., Lith vapsa id., 
Slav *osa id. Derived from *wetanan, 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 75; Torp-Falk 392; 
Trautmann BSll* 342; Holthausen 
AEEW 379; Walde-Hofmann II 770; 
Pokorný I 1 1 79; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
59; Fraenkel 1196-1197; Onions 993; 
Vasmer-Trubachev III 156; Kluge- 
Seebold 887. 

*wadan sb.n.: Burg *waps 'ford', ON vad 
id., OE med 'ford, shallow water, sea', 
MLG waí 'pláce that can be ušed as a 
ford', OHG wat 'ford'. Related to Lat 
uadum id., uado 'to wade'. Connected with 
*wadanan. At the samé time, may at least 
partly reflect *waian 'water' identical 
with Slav *voda id. (Dybo BSA 145-146). 
Torp-Falk 385-386; Holthausen 
AEEW 378; Walde-Hofmann II 724; 
Pokorný I 1109; Vries ANEW 637; 
Zalizniak I 144; Fsluge-Seebold 877. 

*wadanan str.vb.: ON vada 'to wade', OE 
wadan 'to go, to pass, to proceeď, OFris 
wada 'to wade', MLG waden id., OHG 
watan id. Related to Arm gam 'to come', 
Lat uado 'to go, to walk'. Zupitza Gutt. 
33; Torp-Falk 385; Holthausen AEE]V 
378; Walde-Hofmann II 723-724; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW 103-104; Pokorný I 1109; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 91; Vries ANEW 
637; Onions 988; Seebold 530-531; 
Kluge-Seebold 877; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*wa<liz ~ *wa<15(n) sb.m./f: ON vadr 
'fishing line', Swed dial. neut. vad 'drag- 
neť, OE wadu id., MLG wade id., OHG 
wata 'big neť. Derived from *wadanan, 
cf. Lith bradiné 'drag-neť, Slav *brodbnb 
id. connected with OLith bradyti 'to 
wander', Slav *broditi 'to wade'. Hardly to 



be directly compared with Lith deverb. 
vddas 'drag-neť with a similar semantic 
motivation. Holthausen AEE]\ t 378; 
Pokorný I 76; Fraenkel 1177; Vries 
AJVEW638; Kluge-Seebold 876-877. 

*wa(fjan sb.n.: Goth wadi 'pledge, guaran- 
tee', ON ved 'pledge', OE wedd id., OFris 
wed id., OS weddi id., OHG wetti id. 
Etymologically connected with Lat uas 
'bail, security', Lith vddas 'guarantee, 
surety (Kienle WuS XVI 76-78). 
Further cf. *wedanan (Osten-Sacken IF 
XXXIII 266). Breal MSL VII 44 1 -443 
(from MLat uadium 'bail'); Torp-Falk 
386; Holthausen AEE1\ t 388; Walde- 
Hofmann II 735-736; Feist 539-540; 
Walde-Hoffmann II 735-736; Pokorný 
I 1109; Chemodanov SGGJa I 67; 
Fraenkel 1177; Vries AJfEW 649; 
Zalizniak I 146; Fraenkel 1177; 
Otrebski KZ LXXXI 227; Amtra Recht II 
110-111; Lehmann GED 152, 386; Bam- 
mesberger JVom. 66; Kluge-Seebold 887. 

*wadj5janan wk.vb.: Goth ga-wadjon 'to 
betroth, to pledge', ON vedja 'to lay a wager, 
to bet, to appeal', OE weddian 'to engage, 
to betroth', OFris weddia 'to pay a fine, to 
beť, MLG wedden 'to pay a fine, to beť, 
MHG wetten 'to pledge'. Derived from 
*waijan. Torp-Falk 386; Holthausen 
AEEW3&8; Feist 539; Vries ANEW 649; 
Onions 997; Lehmann GED 152. 

*wa3ansón sb.m.: ON vangsni 'plowshare' 
(< *vagsni), OHG waganso id. Derived 
from *wa$jaz (Brugmann Gnmdrijj 11/ 1 
282). Torp-Falk 384; Pokorný I 1 180; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 63; Vries A]ÍE\V 
643-644; ICluge-Seebold 870. 

*wa3Janan wk.vb.: Goth wagjan 'to shake, 
to move to and fro', OE wec^an 'to wag, 
to move, to shake', OS weggian 'to move', 
OHG weggen id. Causative of *we^anan. 
Structurally similar to Gk óxéto 'to hold 
fast, to carry, to let ride', Slav *vo?iti 'to 
carry, to drive'. Torp-Falk 383; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 388; Feist 541; Pokorný 
I 1120; Frisk II 455-456; Seebold 543; 
Vasmer-Trubachev I 334; Lehmann 
GED 387. 



\va3j az 



439 



waxtuz 



*vva3Jaz sb.m.: ON veggr 'wedge' (partly, to 
*wa3iz), OE wec3 'wedge', OS weggi id., 
OHG weggi id. Identical with Lith vagis 
'hook, wedge' (Bugge BB III 121; Fick 
BB XII 162). Furdrer cf. Lat uomis 'plow- 
share', Gk otpvi^- vvvic,, cípaxpov (Hes.), 
OPrus wagnis 'plowshare'. Bezzen- 
berger-Fick BB XII 168; Meringer IF 
XVII 132; Torp-Falk 384; Trautmann 
BSW 337; Holthausen AEEW 388; 
Pokorný I 1180; Fraenkel 1179; Vries 
ANEW 650; Zalizniak II 214; Onions 
997; Stang LS 60; Lindeman Verscharfung 
10.10; Bammesberger Nora. 66. 

*vva3naz sb.m.: Crim. Goth waghen 
'wagon', ON vagn id., OE wiejn id., OFris 
wein id., OHG wagan id. Derived from 
*we^anan or directíy from *wa^on (in 
which čase cf. the semantics of Slav 
*kolyba 'cradle' ~ 'wagon', see Orel 
SSlav 1985/5 79-84) and derivationaUy 
similar to Toch A wkám, B yakne 'way, 
manner', Olr Jen 'a kind of vehicle'. 
Zupitza Gutt. 205; Torp-Falk 383; 
Holthausen AEE]V 380; Feist 540- 
541; Porzig Gliederung 120; Pokorný I 
1120; Chemodanov SGGJa I 97; Vries 
ANEJť 639; Zalizniak I 137; Onions 
988; Seebold 543; Lehmann GED 387; 
Bammesberger Mom. 73; Kluge-Seebold 
870; Adams TB 481-482. 

*wa3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON vaga 'to wag, to 
waddle', OE wa^ian 'to move', OS wagian 
id., OHG wagon id. Derived from 
*weyinan. Holthausen AEE]V 382; 
Pokorný I 1120; Vries AMEW 638; 
Onions 988; Seebold 543. 

*wa3Ó(n) sb.f: ON pl. vagar 'a kind of 
bier', OHG waga 'movemenť. Derived 
from *wesanan. Torp-Falk 383; Vrdís 
AM.W 672-673; Seebold 543. 

*wa3on sb.f: ON vagga 'cradle' (with 
expressive gemination), OS waga id., OHG 
waga id. Derived from *wejanan. Torp- 
Falk 383; Seebold 543; Kluge-Seebold 
889. 

*waxsan sb.n.: ON vax 'wax', OE weax 
id., OFris wax id., OS wahs id., OHG 
wahs id. Etymologically connected with 



Lith viíškas id., Slav *voskb id. (Osthoff 
Etym. 19—21). Further connection with 
*waxsanan cannot be excluded, cf. dre 
designation of wax as *sila 'power, mighť 
in Slavic folklóre (Orel Simp. 38-44). 
Lidén SVSUVl/l 28 (further to IE *ueg- 
'to weave'); Zupitza Gutt. 33, 192; Torp- 
Falk 381 (Balt, Slav < Gmc); Traut- 
mann BSW 343; Holthausen AEEW 387; 
Pokorný I 1180; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
83; Fraenkel 1207; Vries ANEW 648; 
Zalizniak I 144; Onions 995; Stang LS 
61; Vasmer-Trubaghev I 357; Kluge- 
Seebold 869. 

*waxsanan str.vb.: ON vaxa 'to grow, to 
increase', OE weaxan 'to grow', OFris 
waxa id., OS wahsan id., OHG wahsan id. 
Related to Toch B auks- 'to sprout, to 
grow up', Skt perf. vaváksa 'to grow', Av 
vaxš- id., Gk ae^o) 'to increase'. Bar- 
tholomae 1337-1338; Torp-Falk 382; 
Holthausen AEEW 387; Jóhannesson 
IEW 10; Mayrhofer I 98; Pokorný I 
84-85; Schulze Kl. Schr. 863; Vries 
AhEW 648; Onions 995; Frisk I 187 
188; Seebold 532-533; Lehmann GED 
387; Kluge-Seebold 869; Adams TB 131. 

*waxsjanan I str.vb.: Goth wahsjan 'to 
grow', Norw vexa id. (wk., originally str. 
pres.). Derived from *waxsanan. Zupitza 
Gutt. 160; Torp-Falk 382; Feist 541; 
Vries AMEW 648, 658; Seebold 532-533. 

*waxsjanan II wk.vb.: ON vexa 'to wax, 
to cover witír wax', OFris wexa id., OHG 
wahsen id. Derived from *waxsan. Iden- 
tical with Slav *voščiti 'to wax'. Vries 
ANEW 658. 

*waxstiz sb.f: Goth us-wahsts 'growth', 
OHG gi-wahst id. Derived from *waxsanan. 
Torp-Falk 382; Feist 541; Seebold 532; 
Bammesberger Nom. 144. 

*waxstuz sb.m.: Goth wahstus 'growth', 
ON vqxtr 'size, growth', OHG wahst 
'growth' (fem.). Derived from *waxsanan. 
Torp-Falk 382; Feist 541; Pokorný I 
84-85; Vries ANEW 676; Onions 988; 
Seebold 532; Lehmann GED 387. 

*waxtuz sb.m.: ON váttr 'witness', OHG 
gi-waht 'remembrance, opinion' (mase, 



waxtuz 



440 



waipaz 



fem.). The corresponding strong verb is 
preserved in WGmc: MLG wagen 'to 
mention', MHG part. gi-wagen. Related to 
Toch A wak, B wek 'voice', Skt vác- 
'speech, saying, call', Av vaxša- 'speech, 
worď, Gk ěito^ 'worď, Lat uox 'voice'. 
Bartholomae 11339; Torp-Falk 381; 
Walde-Hofmann II 723-825; Jóhannes- 
son IEW 121-122; Mayrhofer III 180; 
Pokorný I 1 136; Vřes AMEW 648; Frisk 
I 545; Seebold 531; Burlak IFTJa 255. 

*waxtwó sb.f.: Goth wahtwo 'watch, 
guarď, OS wahta id., OHG wahta id. (o- 
and wz-stems). Related to *wakanan (see 
*wakenati). Torp-Falk 380; Seebold 535. 

*wai interj.: Goth wai 'woe', ON vei id., 
OE wá id., OS we id., OHG wě id. There 
are similar interjections in numerous IE 
and non-IE languages, cf. Lat uae, Mír 
fae, Lith vat Neisser BB XXX 303 (to 
Skt uvé 'oh alas', Av vayoi and the like); 
Torp-Falk 379; Holthausen AEEW 
378; Walde-Hofmann II 724; Feist 541; 
Pokorný I 1111; Fraenkel 1179; Vries 
ANE1V650; Lehmann GED 387-388. 

*waifojanan wk.vb.: Goth bi-waibjan 'to 
surrounď, ON veifa 'to wave, to vibrate', 
OE wéfan 'to wrap up, to clothe', MDu 
weiven 'to be in swinging movemenť, 
OHG zi-weiben 'to scatter'. Identical with 
Skt vepáyati 'to make tremble', Lith vaipýtis 
'to grimace, to wince', further related to 
Skt vépate 'to tremble, to be agitateď, Lith 
viepiú, viěpti 'to gape abouť (Persson 
Beitráge 235). Torp-Falk 412 (to Lat 
uibro 'to vibrate'); Feist 97-98; Mayr- 
hofer III 260; Pokorný I 1131-1133; 
Fraenkel 1182, 1242-1243; Vries AMEW 
651; Onions 997; Lehmann GED 74. 

*wai-čtěčtiz sb.f.: Goth wai-deps 'evil deeď, 
OE weá-ddd id., MHG we-tat 'pain'. 
Compound of *wai and *iediz. Leh- 
mann GED 388. 

*waÍ3az sb.m.: OE wás 'wall', OFris wach 
id., OS wěg id. A substantivized adjective 
structurally close to Lith viěkas 'strength, 
life', Slav *věkb 'age' (Bugge BB III 113) 
and derived from *wixanan ~ *wí^anan. 
Cf. also *waÍ3o > ON veig 'strong bev- 



erage, strength' and *waixjon > Goth 
waihjo 'battíe'. Wood MPXI 337 (*waÍ3o 
to Class. Skt síci- 'wave'); Torp-Falk 408; 
Trautmann BSW 339; Feist 542; Pokorný 
I 1128-1129; Chemodanov SGGJa I 97; 
Fraenkel 1239; Vries AMEW 651 (to 
*wajjuz); Vasmer-Trubaohev I 286; 
Lehmann GED 388; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*waika-líkaz adj.: ON veik-ligr 'weakly', 
OE wác-líc 'poor, mean'. Derived from 
*waikaz. Heidermanns 644. 

*waikaz adj.: ON veikr 'weak, weakly, 
sick', OE wác 'yielding, pliant, weak, 
poor', OS wek 'weak, despondenť, OHG 
weih 'soft, weak'. Derived from *wlkanan. 
Karsten NB I 61-62, II 455; Torp-Falk 
407; Holthausen AEEW 378; Trier 
Lehm 44-5 1 ; Pokorný I 1 1 30; Vries 
AMEW 640, 651; Onions 996; Rosen- 
gren 86—91; Seebold 546; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 237; Heidermanns 644— 
645; Kluge- Seebold 880. 

*waikjanan wk.vb.: ON veikjask 'to grow 
ill', OE wécan 'to weaken', OLFr ge-weiken 
'to soften', OHG weihhen 'to break, to 
bend, to soften'. Derived from *waikaz. 
Torp-Falk 407-408; Holthausen AEE] V 
378; Heidermanns 644. 

*waina3az ~ *wainaxaz adj.: Goth 
wainahs 'miserable, woeful', MLG wěnic 
id., OHG wenag id. Derived from the 
unattested *wainaz probably based on 
*wai. Grienberger Got. 235 (to Latv 
vaína 'guilť); Torp-Falk 379; Feist 544; 
Lehmann GED 389. 

*wainojanan wk.vb.: ON veina 'to wail', 
OE wánian 'to deplore, to lamenť, OFris 
wenia id., OS wěnon id., OHG weinon id. 
Derived from *wainaz (see *waina^az ~ 
*wainaxaz). Torp-Falk 379; Holt- 
hausen AEE] V 383; Vries AME]\ t 651; 
Lehmann GED 275 (to *kwainojanan)\ 
Fvluge-Seebold 882. 

*waipaz sb.m.: Goth waips 'wreath', 
MHG mnbe-weif 'clotír wrapped around 
the skirť. Derived from *wlpanan. Feist 
544; Vries AME]V 652; Onions 1003; 
Seebold 546; Lehmann GED 400; 
Bammesberger Mom. 52. 



waipon 



441 



wakenan 



*waip5n sb.f.: ON veipa Voman's hooď, 
OE wápe 'cloth'. Derived from *waipaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 384; Vries ANEW 
652. 

*waisó sb.f.: Norw vás 'stalk'. Cf. also ON 
vísir 'index, sprouť. Identical with Slav 
*véxa 'straw bundle'. Stang LS 63; 
Vasmer-Trubachev I 308. 

*wais5n sb.f.: ON veisa 'pool, stagnant 
ponď, OE wáse 'ooze, mud, slime', OFris 
wase id. Cf. also WGmc *wiso(n) > MLG 
wese 'meadow', OHG wisa id. Related 
to Skt visa- 'liquiď, Gk 105 'poison', Lat 
ulrus 'liquiď. Holthausen AEEW 384; 
Walde-Hofmann II 800; Pokorný I 
1134; Vries ANEW 652; Frisk I 730; 
Onions 628. 

*waita pret.-pres.: Goth watt 'to know', 
ON veit id., OFris wět id., OE wát id., OS 
wět id., OHG weiz id. Continues IE perf. 
*uoida, of *uád-: Skt perf. véda id., Gk 
aor. ei8ov 'to see', perf. oíSa, Arm gitem 
'to know', Lat video 'to see', OPrus waist 
'to know', Slav perf. *vědě 'to know'. 
Torp-Falk 409; Trautmann BSW 338; 
Holthausen AEEW 400; Walde- 
Hofmann II 784-785; Feist 569; 
Jóhannesson IEW 116-118; Mayrhofer 
III 256-257; Pokorný I 1125-1126; 
Vries ANEW 669; Sohulze Kl. Schr. 219; 
Frisk II 357; Onions 1009; Seebold 
533-535; Vasmer-Trubachev I 283; 
Lehmann Language XLX 25, GED 379, 
406-407; Kluge-Seebold 894-895. 

*waitjanan wk.vb.: ON veita 'to grant, to 
give a grant', OFris wěta 'to claim, to tes- 
tify', OHG weizen 'to show, to prove'. 
Causative of *waita. Structurally close to 
Skt vedáyati 'to announce'. Torp-Falk 
410; Vries ANEW 652; Seebold 534. 

*waibi-mannz sb.m.: ON veidi-maSr 
'huntsman', MHG wáde-man id. Gom- 
pound oí *waipiz ~ *waip(j)o and *mannz. 
Carr jYom. camp. 85 (parallel formations). 

*waibiz ~ *waib(j)o sb.f: Burg *waips 
'hunť, ON veidr 'hunting', OE wáo 'wan- 
dering, hunting', OS weida 'pasture', 
OHG weida 'hunting; pasture, food'. 
Continues *uoúí- ~ *uoita derived from 



*uei-\ Skt. viti 'to háve in view, to 
approach', Gk 'íe\iai 'to move forward, to 
hurry', Lith vejú, výti 'to hunt, to drive' 
(Grimm KZ I 82). Uhlenbeok K£ XX 
560 (to Olr fiad 'game'); Meringer IF 
XVIII 237, 255; Torp-Falk 379; 
Trautmann BSW 345-346; Holthausen 
AEEW 384; Mayrhofer III 255; 
Pokorný I 1123-1124; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 70; Fraenkel 1267; Vries 
ANEW 650-651; Zalizniak II 219; Frisk 
I 711; Campanile BBCS XXVI 306 (to 
Olr fiadach 'hunting'); Vasmer- 
Trubachev III 294; Kobler 714; 
Kluge-Seebold 881 (separates OHG 
weida 'hunting' from weida 'pasture'; the 
latter to Av vastra- 'pasture'). 

*waij)janan ~ *waij5Ójanan wk.vb.: 
ON veida 'to catch, to hunť, OE wéoan 
'to hunť, MLG weiden 'to hunt with a fal- 
con', OHG weidon 'to graze'. Derived 
from *waipiz ~ *waip(j)5. Holthausen 
AEEW 382; Vries ANEW 650. 

*waiw5(n) sb.n.: ON vá 'woe, calamity', 
OE weá 'woe, misery, evil' (mase), OS we 
id., OHG wewa id. Derived from *wai. 
Torp-Falk 379; Weisweiler IF XLI 
333; Holthausen AEE]V 385; Pokorný I 
1111; Vries ANE] V 637; Zalizniak II 1 84. 

*wajjuz sb.m.: Goth baurgs-waddjus 'city 
wall', ON veggr 'wall'. Deverbative of IE 
*uei- 'to turn, to bend', cf. Skt váyati 'to 
weave', Lat med 'to bind, to weave', Lith 
vejú, výti 'to wind, to turn', Slav *viti id. 
Kogel PBB LX 542-543 (to *waÍ3az); 
Kauffmann Z dph XXXLX 291; Torp- 
Falk 406-407; Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 
324 (samé as Kogel); Trautmann BS]\ 7 
346; Holthausen AEEW 382 (against 
Kogel); Walde-Hofmann II 786-787; 
Feist 538-539; Mayrhofer III 147; 
Pokorný I 1120-1122; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 73; Fraenkel 1267; Vries 
ANE1V 650; Lindeman Verschdrfung 
118-119 (samé as Kogel); Vasmer- 
Trubachev I 322; Lehmann GED 386; 
Bammesberger Nom. 161. 

*wakěnan wk.vb.: Goth wakan 'to be 
awake', ON vaka id., ON vakinn 'awake', 



wakenan 



442 



wala-kuzjon 



OE wacian 'to watch, to wake', wacan 'to 
be bom', OFris wakia, waka 'to be awake', 
OS wakon id., OHG wahhen id. Residual 
traces of str. *wakanan are registered (cf. 
for example OE pret. wóc). Related to Skt 
sója- 'strength, vigor, speed, contesť, Lat 
uegeo 'to be lively' (Prokosch CGG 174). 
Zupitza Gutt. 199; Holthausen AEEW 
378; Feist 547-548; Pokorný I 1117- 
1118; Mayrhofer III 182-183; Vries 
ANEW 639; Onions 989; Seebold 535; 
Lehmann GED 392; Kluge-Seebold 869. 

*wakjanan wk.vb.: Goth us-wakjan 'to 
awake', ON vekja 'to waken, to rouše 
from sleep', OE weccan 'to wake, to 
rouše', OS wekkian 'to wake', OHG 
wecken id. Derived from *wakanan (see 
*wakěnan). Structurally close to Skt vajá- 
yati 'to make fire', Lat uegeo (Watkins 
HSCP LXXVII 195-201). Torp-Falk 
380; Holthausen AEEW 387; Feist 
547; Mayrhofer III 182; Pokorný I 
1117; Vries ANEW 652; Seebold 535; 
Lehmann GED 392; Kluge-Seebold 878. 

*wakněnan ~ *waknójanan wk.vb.: 
Goth ga-waknan 'to awake', ON vakna id., 
OE wtecnan 'to waken, to arise, to spring'. 
Based on the residually attested str. *wakanan 
(see *wakenan). Schweizer K£ I 154; 
Lorp-Falk 380; Holthausen AEEW 
378; Feist 547; Walde-Hofmann II 741; 
Jóhannesson IEW 123-124; Pokorný I 
1117; Vries ANEW 639; Onions 989; 
Seebold 535-536; Lehmann GED 392. 

*wakon sb.f: ON vaka 'being awake, vigil, 
eve', OE wacu 'waking, wake, watch', 
MLG wake 'wake, vigil', OHG naht-wahha 
id. Derived from *wakanan (see *wakenari). 
Holthausen AEEW 378; Pokorný I 
1117-1118; Vries ANEW 639; Zalizniak 
II 181; Onions 989; Seebold 535. 

*wakraz adj.: ON vah 'watchful, alert, 
nimble', OE wacor 'watchful, vigilanť, 
MLG wacker 'watchful, lively', OHG 
er-wackar 'awake early'. Derived from 
*wakanan (see *wakenan). Formally similar 
to Skt vájra- 'thunderbolť, Av vazra- 
'club'. Fórsterman KJ? I 240; Karsten 
NB II 258; Zupitza Gutt. 199; Bartho- 



lomae 1392; Lorp-Falk 380; Kluge 
Nom. Stamm. 97; Holthausen AEE]\ j 
378; Mayrhofer III 126; Pokorný I 
1117-1118; Vries ANEW 640; Seebold 
535; Wissmann A II 'NP 67; Bammesberger 
Nom. 248; Heidermanns 645; Kluge- 
Seebold 870. 

*wakr5janan wk.vb.: ON vekra 'to freshen 
up, to rouše', OFris wekkria 'to increase', 
MDu wackeren id. A derivative of *wakraz 
or, more probably, an emphatic deriva- 
tive of *wakanan (see *wakenan). Vries 
ANEW 652. 

*wakulaz adj.: Icel vbkull 'watchful', OE 
wacol id., OHG wahhal id. Related to 
*wakanan (see *wakenan). Karsten NB II 
286; Lorp-Falk 380 (to Lat uigil 'watch- 
ful'); Holthausen AEE\ V 378; Pokorný I 
1117-1118; Vries ANEW 673; Seebold 
535; Lehmann GED 392; Heidermanns 
645-646. 

*wakwaz adj.: ON voh 'moisť, E dial. 
wack id., MDu wac id. Related to Gk 
■í>ypó<; id. (OsTHOFF IF IV 278). Fick II 
266; Karsten NB I 33; Lorp-Falk 381; 
Pokorný I 1118; Vries ANEW 673; 
Frisk II 955-956; Heidermanns 646. 

*wakwó sb.f: ON vqk 'hole, opening in 
the ice', MLG wake id. Substantivized 
*wakwaz. Lorp-Falk 381; Pokorný I 
1118; Vries ANEW 673; Heidermanns 
646; Kluge-Seebold 872. 

*walan ~ *walo sb.n./f: ON val 
'choice', OHG wala id. Derived from 
*waljanan. Lorp-Falk 400; Vries 
ANEW 640; Lehmann GED 392; Kluge- 
Seebold 871. 

*wala-ctrauzaz ~ *wala-drauzjón 
sb.m.: ON val-dreyri 'die blood of dre 
slain', OE wiel-dreór id. Compound of 
*walaz II and *irauzaz ~ *drauzjon. 
Carr Nom. comp. 55. 

*wala-fallaz sb.m.: ON val-fall 'the fall of 
the slain', OE wal-jeall id. Compound of 
*walaz II and *fallan ~ *jallaz. Carr 
Nom. comp. 55. 

*wala-kuzj5n sb.f: ON val-kyrja 
'Valkyrie, chooser of the slain', OE wtel- 
cyr^e id. Compound of *walaz II and 



wala-kuzjon 



443 



walxaz 



*kuzjon (from *keusanan). Torp-Falk 
402; Carr Nom. comp. 55. 

*walaz I adj.: ON vah 'round, oval'. 
Identícal with Latv uSls id., further to 
Slav sbst. *vah> 'wave'. Pokorný I 1142; 
Dybo VSJa 25 (pretonic shortening in 
Gmc). 

*walaz II sb.m.: ON vah 'the slain' (a- or 
z-stem), OE wel 'the slain, slaughter, 
carnage' (< neut.), OS wal-dád 'murder', 
OHG wal 'battiefield, blood bath' (mase, 
fem. *waliz, or neut.). Related to Olrjuil 
'blooď, Mír fuili 'bleeding wounď, W 
gweli 'wounď, Corn góly id., MBret goul- 
yow id. Kogel PBB XVI 511 (to Lat 
uulnus 'wounď); Berneker IF LX 360 (to 
Czech váleti 'to batde'); Mikkola BB XXI 
223 (to Lidr velés 'spirit of the deaď) 
Torp-Falk 402; Holthausen AEE]V 380 
Pokorný I 1144; Vries ANE1V 642 
Zalizniak II 190; Lehmann GED 404: 
Kluge-Seebold 873. 

*walčlan sb.n.: ON vald 'power, authority', 
OE weald id. Derived from *waldanan. 
Torp-Falk 404; Holthausen AEE]V 
385; Vries ANEW 640; Seebold 536; 
Lehmann GED 392. 

*waldanan str.vb.: Goth waldan 'to rule (a 
household), to govern', ON salda 'to 
wield, to rule, to cause' (str. ~ wk.), OE 
wealdan 'to háve power, to control', OFris 
walda 'to rule, to possess', OS waldan 'to 
wielď, OHG waltan 'to possess, to reign'. 
Connected with Lidr véldu, veldeti 'to pos- 
sess', valdaú, valdýti 'to rule', Slav *volděti 
'to possess, to rule'. Torp-Falk 404 
(Slav < Gmc); Meillet MSL VIII 290; 
Trautmann BS] V 341; Feist 548; 
Holthausen AEEl\ r 385; Stender- 
Petersen 213-215 (Balto-Slavic < Gmc); 
Porzig Gliederung 142; Jóhannesson IEW 
106-107; Pokorný 11111-1112; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 66; Fraenkel 1 1 88, 
1217-1218; Vries ANEW 640; Onions 
1006; Stang LS 61-62; Seebold 536- 
537; Benveniste IEL 274; Vasmer- 
Trubachev I 340-341; Lehmann GED 392; 
Kluge-Seebold 874; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*waldaz adj.: ON valdr 'causing some- 



thing', OE weald 'powerful, mighty', 
MHG ge-walt 'enormous'. Derived from 
*waldanan. Karsten VB I 74; Heider- 
manns 647-648. 

*waldÍ3az ~ *waldu3az adj.: ON vqldugr 
'mighty, powerful', OFris weldich id., OS 
gi-weldig id., OHG gi-waltig id. Derived 
from *waldanan. Vrtes AME]V 673. 

*waldiz adj.: ON aud-veldr 'easy to cope 
with', OE earfoů-wielde 'difficult to rule', 
OFris un-welde 'involuntary'. Derived 
from *waldanan. Karsten JVB I 112; 
Seebold 536; Matzel Festschr. Schrdder 
106, ir~CV 127; Heidermanns 648. 

*waldjan sb.n.: ON veldi 'power', OE je- 
wild id., MLG ge-welde id. Derived from 
*waldan. Holthausen AEEJ V 393; Vrtes 
AVE! r 653. 

*waldón sb.m.: ON ein-valdi 'monarch', 
OS ala-waldo 'sovereign king', MHG al- 
walte id. Derived from *waldanan. Torp- 
Falk 404; Vrtes ANEh r 641. 

*wal3az adj.: Icel volgr 'lukewarm', OE 
weafe 'nauseous'. Unclear. Cf. *welkaz. 
Karsten jXB II 293; Zupttza Gutt. 142; 
Torp-Falk 402-403; Holthausen AEE] I T 
385; Pokorný I 1143-1145 (to *uelk-/ 
*uelg- 'weť); Heidermanns 649 (to ON 
ylr 'warmuY, ylja 'to warm'). 

*wal3Janan ~ *wal35janan wk.vb.: 
Goťh us-walugjan 'to make swirl arounď, 
OHG walagon 'to roli abouť. Distantly 
related to Skt válati 'to turn', Arm gelům 
'to turn', Gk eiXéco id. Strettberg Bibel 
I 343 (Goth -u- explained by svara- 
bhakti); Hamel Neophilologus X 72 (Goth 
based on *walugs derived from *waluz)\ 
Feist 536; Specht A'^ LLX 221 (Goth 
-ugj-an close to Gk -1)000) < *-ukio)\ 
Pokorný I 1144; Frisk I 457-458; Leh- 
mann GED 384. 

*walxaz I sb.m.: ON vah 'hawk', OE 
wealh-hafoc 'gerfalcon', OHG walh-habuh 
'falcon'. Plausibly, identical widr *walxaz 
II, lit. 'foreign bird, Welsh birď (Fischer 
Lehnw. 13). Holthausen AEEW 386; 
Pokorný KZ XLVI 151 (to *uel- 'to 
tear'); Vrtes AME1 V 642 . 

*walxaz II sb.m.: Burg adj. *walhs 'Celtic, 



walxaz 



444 



walto 



foreign', ON pl. valir '(Celtic) inhabit- 
ants of Northern France', OE wealh 'for- 
eigner, slavě, Celt (esp. of Britain)', MLG 
male. 'Welsh', OHG pl. ]Valaha 'Roman, 
Rutulian'. Borrowed from Celt- Lat 
Volcae, name of a Celtic people (Streit- 
berg UGG 136). As to *walxa-xnutz (> 
ON val-hnot 'walnuť, OE wealh-hnutu id., 
MLG wal-nut id.), it is a calque of Rom 
*nux gallica id. > Fr noix gauge (Weisgerber 
IF LXII 33-61). Zupitza Gutt. 142; 
Torp-Falk 403; Holthausen AEElf 
386; Vries ANEW 641; Zalizniak II 191; 
Onions 990, 999; Benveniste 293; Kobler 
714; Kluge-Seebold 873, 884-885. 

*walxiskaz adj.: ON valskr 'foreign, of 
Northern France', OE wílisc 'foreign, 
Welsh', MLG welsch 'Romance', OHG 
walahisc 'Welsh, Romance'. Derived from 
*walxaz II. Torp-Falk 403; Holthausen 
AEEW 393; Vries ANEW 642; Onions 
999; Kluge-Seebold 884-885. 

*waljanan wk.vb.: Goth waljan 'to 
choose', ON velja id., OHG wellen id. 
Derived from *wel(j)anan. Torp-Falk 400; 
Feist 548-549; Pokorný I 1137; Vries 
ANE1V653; Onions 1007; Seebold 551; 
Lehmann GED 392; Kluge-Seebold 871. 

*walkan sb.n.: ON valk 'tossing to and 
fro', OE se-wealc 'rolling, motion, attack', 
MDu walc 'felted waď. Glose to Lat 
ualgus 'bow-leggeď, Latv valgs 'corď. 
Derived from *walkanan. Torp-Falk 
402; Holthausen AEEW 385; Walde- 
Hofmann II 728-729; Pokorný I 1144; 
Vries ANEW 641; Seebold 537. 

*walkanan str.vb.: OE wealcan 'to roli, to 
toss', MDu walken 'to roli', OHG part. 
gi-walchenemo 'concreto'. Related to Skt 
válgati 'to leap, to bound, to wave', Lat 
ualgus 'having the calves of the legs 
bent outwards, bow-leggeď (Fiok I 541), 
Latv valgs 'corď. Persson ]Vurzelerw. 
131, Bcitráge 85, 543; Torp-Falk 402; 
Holthausen AEEl\ r 385; Mayrhofer III 
164 (against the comparison wiuh Skt); 
Pokorný I 1 140-1 144; Vries ANEW 641; 
Seebold 537; Kluge-Seebold 872-873. 

*walk5janan wk.vb.: ON válka 'to roli', 



OE wealáan 'to roli up, to muffle up'. 
Derived from *walkanan. Torp-Falk 
402; Holthausen AEEW 385; Jóhan- 
nesson IEW 160-164; Vries ANEW 641; 
Onions 989; Seebold 537. 

*walljón ~ *walljaz sb.f./m.: ON vella 
'boiling heat, ebullition', OE will 'spring, 
well, fountain', OFris walla 'boiling', 
MDu welle id. Derived from *wellanan II. 
Torp-Falk 401; Holthausen AEEh r 
393; Vries ANEW 653. 

*walljanan wk.vb.: ON vella 'to boil, to 
well over', OE willan 'to boil', MLG wellen 
id., MHG wellen id. Derived from *wellanan 
II. Torp-Falk 401; Vries ANEW 653; 
Seebold 538; Kluge-Seebold 873. 

*walmiz sb.m.: ODan valm, volm 'boiling', 
OE wilm 'fount, stream, boiling water', 
MHG walm 'seething'. Derived from 
*wellanan II. Close to Skt urmí- 'wave', Av 
varumi- id. < *ulHmi-. Torp-Falk 401; 
Holthausen AEEW 393-394. 

*wal5(n) sb.f.: ON vála 'knuckle-bone', 
OE walu 'ridge, bank (?)', LG wale 'weaT. 
Related to Gk eíA.éco, Hom eiXco 'to 
squeeze', Lidi valy ti 'to cleanse', Slav 
*vatb 'wave'. For the semantic develop- 
ment cf. Latv valnis 'edge, brim, rim'. 
Further see hvellanan I. Holthausen 
AEEW 392; Pokorný I 1138; Frisk I 
457; Onions 989. 

*waltaz adj.: ON valtr 'reeling, easily 
upseť, OE seonu-wealt 'circular, rounď. 
Derived from *weltanan ~ *waltanan. 
Karsten I 75; Torp-Falk 403; Wissmann 
NP 25; Vries ANEW 642; Heidermanns 
651; Kluge-Seebold 874. 

*waltjanan wk.vb.: Goth waltjan 'to beat 
into, to roli', ON velta 'to roli', OE wďl- 
tan, wiltan id., OHG welzen id. Causative 
of *weltanan ~ *waltanan. Torp-Falk 
403; Feist 549; Vries ANEW 653; 
Onions 999; Seebold 554; Lehmann 
GED 392-393. 

*waltó sb.f: ON vqlt 'roller', OE wealte id., 
MLG wolte id., OHG walza 'sling, trap'. 
Substantivized *waltaz. Holthausen 
AEEW 386; Vries A/VETT 673-674; 
Kluge-Seebold 874. 



walt>(j)o 



445 



wan(a)kaz 



*walb(j)6 sb.f.: ME welde, wolde 'weld, 
Reseda luteola', MDu wolde id. Derived 
from *walpuz. Torp-Falk 403 (to Lat 
lutum 'welď < *ulúto-); Onions 998. 

*walbuz sb.m.: ON vqllr 'fielď, OE weald 
'high land covered with wooď, OFris 
wald 'foresť, OS wald id., OHG wald id. 
Related to Gk Xáowq 'shaggy, woolly', 
Olr foli 'hair', OPrus wolti 'ear of gram', 
Lith váltis 'ear of oats', Slav *voltb 'ear of 
grain' (Solmsen KZ XLII 214). Fick II 
263; Lewy A^XL 422 (to Lat saltus 'pass, 
mountain foresť < *(s)ualtus); Torp-Falk 
403 (to Lat uallis 'valley'); Trautmann 
BS1 V 341; Holthausen KZ XLVI 178 
(follows Lewy), AEEW 385; Pokorný I 
1139; Fraenkel 1192-1193; Vries 
ANEW 673; Zalizniak II 204; Frisk II 
88; Onions 1011; Vasmer-Trubachev I 
344; Bammesberger Nom. 156 (to *welp- 
jaz); Fvluge-Seebold 872. 

*waluz sb.m.: Goth walus 'staff', ON vqlr 
'round stick, staff', OE vayrt-walu 'rooť, 
OFris walu-bera 'pilgrim'. Identical with 
Lith ap-valús 'round'. Related to *wellanan 
I. Cf. other words for 'stick, staff' con- 
nected with IE *uel- 'to turn': Lat uallus 
'pole, stake', OPrus walis 'pull roď. 
Torp-Falk 400; Walde-Hofmann II 
730; Feist 549; Holthausen AEEW 382; 
Pokorný I 1142; Fraenkel 1193; Vries 
ANEW 673; Zalizniak I 152; Lehmann 
GED 393; Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*walwjanan wk.vb.: Goth af-walwjan 'to 
roli away', OE wilwan 'to roli'. Derived 
from *waluz. Torp-Falk 401; Holt- 
hausen AEE\V 394; Feist 13; Pokorný I 
1142; Onions 990; Lehmann GED 9. 

*wamfoo sb.f: Goth wamba 'belly, womb', 
ON vomb id., OE wamb id., OFris wamme 
id., MLG wamme id., OHG wambo id. 
(mase). A deseriptive stem similar to Lith 
bámba 'navel', Latv bamba 'balí', Slav 
*bqba 'grain, swelling'. Kuhn K~^\ 138; 
Pedersen BB XX 238 (to Skt gabhá- 
'vulva'); Uhlenbeck FBB XXII 192 
(follows Pedersen); Wood MLN XV 99 
(to Skt vapd 'omentum, skin investing 
the intestines'); Torp-Falk 392 (to Bret 



gwamm 'woman'); Holthausen AEE]V 
382; Feist 549; Schwentner IF LXI 
228-234; Fraenkel 33; Vries ANEW 
674; Zalizniak I 148; Onions 1011; 
Lehmann GED 393; Windekens K£ 
XCVI 93-94 (to Gk viVcpri 'pregnant 
woman'); Trubaohev ESSJa II 229— 
230; Heidermanns 612 (phonetically 
influenced by *pambaz)\ Kluge-Seebold 
874. 

*wamma-lausaz adj.: ON vamm-lauss 
'spotless', OS wam-los 'free from blame'. 
Compound of *wamman and Hausaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 91 (parallel formations). 

*wamman sb.n.: Goth wamm 'stain, flaw', 
ON vamm 'blemish', OE wamm 'spot, 
mark, stain', OFris wam id., OS wam 'mis- 
take, ailmenť. Substantivized *wammaz. 
Torp-Falk 392; Holthausen AEEW 
382; Feist 549-550; Martinet Gém. 197; 
Vries ANEW 642-643; Lehmann GED 
393; Heidermanns 652. 

*wammaz adj.: Goth ga-wamms 'unclean, 
stained', OE wamm 'foul, evil, wickeď, 
OS wam 'bad, evil, nefarious'. Derived 
from *uon-mo- related to *unmo- in Skt 
varna- 'lefť and varná- 'lovely, dear'. 
Uhlenbeck FBB XXX 324 (<*uom-uo- or 
*uom-no-, to *uem(H)- 'to vomiť: Skt 
vámiti, Gk énéco, Lat uomó); Torp-Falk 
392; Feist 549-550; Holthausen AEEW 
382; Weisweiler IF XLI 46 (supports 
Uhlenbeck); Pokorný I 1146 (sceptical 
of Uhlenbeck' s etymology); Vries A]ÍE]V 
642-643; Schubert Erw. 75; Lehmann 
GED 393; Heidermanns 652-653. 

*wammjanan wk.vb.: Goth ana-wammjan 
'to stain', OE wemman 'to spot, to mar, to 
spoil', OFris wemma 'to damage', OHG 
bi-wemmen 'to dishonor'. Derived from 
*wammaz. Holthausen AEEW 389; 
Feist 549; Lehmann GED 393; Hek>er- 

MANNS 652. 

*wana-xailaz adj.: ON van-heill 'disabled, 
ill', OE wan-hal 'weak, sick, maimed', 
OHG wana-heil 'disabled, weak'. Com- 
pound of *wanaz I and *xailaz. Carr 
Nom. comp. 66. 

*wan(a)kaz sb.m.: ON vah; vah 'a kind of 



wan(a)kaz 



446 



\van3az 



hawk'. Identical with Lith vanagas 'hawk' 
(Lidén MASO I 55-67). Fraenkel 1 1 94; 
Vrtes AMEW 640. 

*wanan sb.n.: Goth wan 'want, lack', OE 
wan id. Substantivized neut. of *wanaz I. 
Feist 550; Heidermanns 653. 

*wanaz I adj.: Gouh wans 'lacking, want- 
ing', ON vanr id., OE wan 'wanting, 
absenť, OFris won-gare 'deficient clouhing', 
OS wan 'deficient, absenť, OHG wan 
id. Related to Skt uná- 'defective, want- 
ing', Av uno id., Lat uanus 'empty, vain' 
(Pedersen CDL 34). Bartholomae 
1407; Karsten MB II 233-234; Torp- 
Faek 378; Endzelin KZ Lil 1 19-120 (to 
Lith vans-kariai 'unhatched eggs'); Feist 
550; Holthausen AEEW 382; Walde- 
Hofmann II 731-732; Mayrhofer 1115; 
Pokorný I 345-346; Vries AMEW 644; 
Onions 991; Hoffmann MSS XX 34-35 
(< *usnos); Sohubert Erw. 30; Lehmann 
GED 394; Bammesberger Mom. 246; Hei- 
dermanns 653-654; Kluge-Seebold 871. 

*wanaz II adj.: ON vanr 'accustomeď. 
Related to Toch A waňi, wlna 'pleasure', 
Skt vanóti 'to demand, to like', Lat uenus 
'love' and other continuants of IE *uen- 
'to wish, to love', cf. *wuněnan. Karsten 
MB I 69-70; Torp-Falk 387; Pokorný I 
1146-1147; Vries AMEW 644; Onions 
996; Heidermanns 654 (derived from 
*wanjaz). 

*wančtaz adj.: ON vandr 'difficulť, OS 
wand 'fluctuating, variable'. Derived from 
*wenianan. Karsten MB II 338-339; 
Torp-Falk 390; Wissmann MP 16; Vries 
ANEW 64-3; Meid Wortbild. 229; Seebold 
555; Matzel KZ CV 104; Heidermanns 
654-655. 

*wandilaz sb.m.: East Gmc Wandali 
'Vandals' (Saxo), ON pln. Vendill, OE pl. 
Wenielas 'Vandals'. Cf. also OHG wentil- 
seo 'sea'. Derived from *wandaz. Erd- 
mann SVSU 1/1 79 (to *wandnz); Hald 
CM IV 62-78 (to *wendanan); Holt- 
hausen AEEW 389; Vries ANEW 653- 
654 (to *wand- 'water'). 

*wandjanan wk.vb.: Goth wandjan 'to 
turn', ON venda id., OE wendan id., OFris 



wenda id., OS wendian 'to direcť, OHG 
wenten 'to turn'. Causative of *wendanan. 
Torp-Falk 390; Holthausen AEEW 
389; Feist 550; Vries ANEW 653; 
Onions 1000; Seebold 555; Lehmann 
GED 393; Kluge-Seebold 885. 

*wandójanan wk.vb.: ON vanda 'to 
object, to be fastidious', OE wandian 'to 
turn aside', MDu wanden 'to turn into', 
OHG part. wantonti 'mutual'. Derived 
from *wandaz. Holthausen AEE]V 383; 
Vrtes AMEW 643. 

*wandulaz sb.m.: ON vqndull 'wisp of 
hay', OFris wandel 'exchange', OHG 
wandel 'change of minď. Derived from 
*waniaz. ON could be etymologically 
separate from WGmc and related to 
*waniuz. Torp-Falk 390; Seebold 555. 

*wanduz sb.m.: Goth wandus 'roď, ON 
vqndr 'wand, switch, roller'. Derived from 
*wendanan. Scheftelowitz BB XXLX 
43 (to Arm vandak 'network'); Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXII 192 (to Skt aor. vádhim 'to 
slay, to kill'); Torp-Falk 390; Feist 550; 
ENDZELrN KZ LII 1 1 0-1 1 1 (to Lith vánta 
'bunch of green birch twigs'); Fraenkel 
1196, 1223-1224; Vries AMEW 674; 
Onions 991; Seebold 555; Lehmann 
GED 393-394; Kluge-Seebold 874. 

*wanduz ~ *wančtó sb.m./f: Norw vond 
'a kind of shrew', OE wand 'mole'. 
Probably related to Gk íovOo^ 'root of a 
hair, young hair' < *ui-uondho- and espe- 
cially close to MIrJind 'hair (on the head)' 
< *uendhu- (Lidén IF XLX 345-347). 
Torp-Falk 390 (to *wendanan); Pokorný 
I 1148; Frisk I 729-730. 

*waněnan wk.vb.: Goth *wanan 'to de- 
crease' (based on wanains 'lack, defi- 
ciency'), OE wanian 'to make less', OFris 
wonia id., OS wanon id., OHG part. gi- 
wanet 'reduced, decreased'. Derived from 
*wanaz I. Torp-Falk 378; Holthausen 
AEEU'383; Feist 550; Heidermanns 653. 

*wan3az sb.m.: Goth waggs 'paradise', ON 
vangr 'garden, a green home-fielď, OE 
wans 'field, plain, land, earth', OS wang 
'garden, a green home-fielď, OHG holz- 
'wooded fielď. Together with Alb 



\va113az 



447 



waraz 



vang 'fallow' continues IE *uonkó- (Leh- 
mann GED 387). See *wanxaz. Zupitza 
Gutt. 181; Torp-Falk 389; Holthausen 
AEEW 383; Feist 540; Pokorný I 1148- 
1149 (to *ue-n-g — *ue-n-gh- 'to be benť); 
Vries ANEW 643; Zalizniak I 137; 
Stang LS 60; Bammesberger Nom. 50. 

*wan3Ďn sb.m.n.: ON vangi 'cheek', OE 
wan^e id., OS wanga id., OHG wanga id. 
Etymologically identical with *wanjaz. 
Scheftelowitz BB XXE*C 41 (to Arm 
gang 'skuli, heaď, Gk a|rcpr|v 'neck'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 142; Torp-Falk 390; 
Holthausen AEEl\ r 383; Pokorný I 
1149; Vries ANEW 643; Zalizniak II 
178; Lehmann GED 386; Heidermanns 
656; Kluge-Seebold 874. 

*wanxaz adj.: Goth un-wahs 'blameless', 
OE wóh 'bent, crooked, twisteď. Related 
to Skt váňcati 'to move crookedly', Lat con- 
uexus 'curveď. Torp-Falk 389; Weis- 
weiler IF XLI 339-341 (to *waiwo(n)); 
Walde-Hofmann I 268-269; Feist 525; 
Holthausen AEE1 1 ' 404; Mayrhofer III 
127; Pokorný I 1 134-1 135; Vries ANEW 
637 (against Weisweiler); Lehmann GED 
379; Heidermanns 655-656. 

*wanistuz sb.f./m.: Icel vinstr 'fourth 
stomach of ruminants', OHG wanast, 
wenist 'abdomen, belly'. Identical with Skt 
vanisthú- 'rectum' (Johansson IF XIV 
324: from *uoned-sthu-). Torp-Falk 389; 
Lidén KZ LXI 20 (to Gk rívrjciTpov 
'fourth stomach of ruminants'); Pokorný 
I 1105; Kluge-Seebold 875. 

*wanjaz sb.m.: Dan dial. vanu 'swelling', 
OE wenn 'wen', MLG wene id. Connected 
with *wundaz. Holthausen AEEW 389; 
Pokorný I 1109. 

*wanjanan wk.vb.: ON venja 'to accus- 
tom', OE wenian id., OS gi-wennian 'to get 
useď, OHG gi-wennen id. Derived from 
*wanaz II. Torp-Falk 387; Rooth 
UUA 1924/8 93-106; Vries ANEW 654; 
Onions 996; Heidermanns 654; Kluge- 
Seebold 323. 

*wankójanan wk.vb.: ON vakka 'to stray, 
to hover abouť, OS wankon 'to sway', 
OHG wancon id. Derived from *wenk- 



janan. Trautmann BS]V 350-351; 
Pokorný I 1149; Vries ANEW 639; 
Kluge-Seebold 874. 

*wanojanan wk.vb.: ON vanask 'to wane, 
to fail', OE wanian 'to lessen, to diminish', 
OHG wanon 'to spoil, to také away'. 
Derived from *wanaz I. Cf. also ON vansa 
'to do too littie' < *wan(e)sojanan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 383; Vries ANEW 643- 
644; Onions 991; Heidermanns 653. 

*wan5n sb.m.: ON váni 'shortage, lack', 
OE wana 'want, lack'. Related to *wanaz 
I. Torp-Falk 378; Holthausen AEE]V 
383; Vrtes AMW 644; Heidermanns 653. 

*wanon ~ *wunón sb.m.: ON váni 'cus- 
tom', OE ge-wuna id., OS gi-wono id. Cf. 
also OHG fem. gi-wona id. Derived from 
*wanaz II. Torp-Falk 387. 

*wantuz sb.m.: ON VQttr 'glove', LG want 
id. (fem.). Unclear. Torp-Falk 391 (to 
*wendanan)\ Vries AHEW 676; Kluge- 
Seebold 875. 

*wapp5janan wk.vb.: ON vappa 'to wad- 
dle', LG wappen 'to move up and down', 
ME wappen 'to develop'. Of imitative 
origin. Martinet Gem. 170; Vrtes ANEW 
644. 

*wap(p)ulaz sb.m.: OSwed vappel 
'amount of slime', OE wapol 'foam', 
OFris wapul- 'pool, pudclle'. Derived from 
*wappójanan. Boutkan OFED s.v. 

*wara-líkaz adj.: ON var-ligr 'safe, requir- 
ing wariness', OE wicr-líc 'cautious, pru- 
denť, OHG gi-wara-lih 'attentive, careful'. 
Derived from *waraz. Heidermanns 658. 

*waraz adj.: Goth wars 'wary, on guarď, 
ON van 'aware', OE wier 'aware, pre- 
pareď, OS war 'aware, careful', OHG gi- 
war 'aware'. Corresponds to Gk *popoi; in 
ánioupoi; 'warder', Hom crópo? 'watcher, 
warder', Olr coair, coir 'equitable, appro- 
priate' < *kom-uari-. Further connected 
with Lat uereor 'to respecť, Latv věru, věrt 
'to watch'. Karsten NB I 51; Torp- 
Falk 393; Feist 551; Holthausen AEEW 
380; Wissmann Postv. 44-45; Walde- 
Hofmann II 757-758; Pokorný I 1164; 
Vries ANE]V 647; Frisk I 539; Onions 
992; Lehmann GED 395; Bammesberger 



waraz 



448 



war3janan 



Nom. 239; Heidermanns 657-658; Kluge- 
Seebold 321. 

*warda-xusan sb.n.: ON vard-hús 'watch- 
house', MLG warde-hús id., OHG wart-hús 
id. Compound of *wardaz II and *xusan. 
Carr Nom. comp. 85 (parallel formations). 

*warďa-mannz sb.m.: ON vard-madr 
'watchman, warder', OE weard-mann id., 
MLG wart-man id., OHG wart-man id. 
Compound of *wariaz II and *mannz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 79 (parallel formations). 

*warčtaz I adj.: ON á-varir 'dear (to the 
gods)', OE adv. for-weard 'onwards, con- 
tinually', OFris bek-ward 'back, rear', OS 
adv. for-ward 'forward, onwards', OHG 
ab-wart 'absenť. Derived from *wer{janan. 
Structurally identical with Slav *mrtb 
'turn'. Holthausen AEE]V 386; Kluge 
777-778; Vasmer-Trubachev I 354; 
Heidermanns 658-659. 

*wardaz II sb.m.: Goth daura-wards 'door- 
keeper', ON vqrdr 'warden, warder (li- 
stem), OE weard 'guard, warder', OS ward 
id., OHG wart id. Participle *uor-tó- 
derived from an unattested verb, cf. 
*waraz. Torp-Falk 393; Holthausen 
AEEW 38%; Feist 117; Pokorný I 1164; 
Vries ANEW 675; Zalizniak II 204; 
Lehmann GED 394; Fvluge-Seebold 875. 

*wardjanan wk.vb.: Goth Jřa-wardjan 'to 
corrupt, to destroy', OE wirdan 'to injure, 
to hurt, to annoy', OS a-werdian 'to spoil, 
to destroy', OHG fir-werten id. Derived 
from *werpanan. Cf. similar causatives in 
Skt vartáyati 'to set in motion', Slav bor- 
titi 'to return'. Torp-Falk 398; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 394; Feist 166; Mayr- 
hofer III 154-155; Fraenkel 1204; 
Seebold 560; Lehmann GED 127. 

*wardo(n) sb.f: Goth daura-warda 'female 
doorkeeper', ON narda 'beacon, pile of 
stones ušed as a road sign', OE weard 'ward, 
guard, watch', OS warda 'guard, post', 
OHG warta 'watch, guarď. Related to 
*wardaz LI. Torp-Falk 393; Holthausen 
AEE>\ T 386; Feist 117; Vrtes A/VET r 645; 
Onions 992; Lehmann GED 394. 

*wardojanan wk.vb.: ON varda 'to war- 
rant, to guard', OE weardian 'to guard, 



to keep, to defenď, OFris wardia 'to wait, 
to observe', OS wardon 'to protéct, to 
beware', OHG warten 'to wait, to stay 
awake, to peer'. Derived from *wardaz II 
or *wardb~(n). Torp-Falk 393; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 386; Vries ANEW 645; 
Onions 992; Kluge-Seebold 875. 

*war3a-trewan sb.n.: ON varg-tré 'gal- 
lows', OE wearytreów id., OS warag-trěo 
id. Compound of *war$az and Hrewan. 
Carr Nom. comp. 53; Gamkrelidze- 
Ivanov II 487. 

*war3az sb.m.: Goth launa-wargs 'unthank- 
fuP, ON vargr 'wolf, oudaw', OE wears 
'villain, felon, criminal', OS warg 'crimi- 
naf, OHG warg 'evil-doer'. Identical with 
Lith vaigas 'neeď, Latv vargs 'miserable', 
OPrus wargs 'wickeď, Slav *vorgb 'enemy' 
(Kauffmann PBB XVIII 1 75; Miklosich 
395). Further related to *wer^anan 
(Schrader-Nehring II 490-491). The 
originál meaning was 'strangler', cf. simi- 
lar development of words for 'wolf 
(Ivanov SBJa Kcap. 181-213); cf. also 
Phryg dáno- 'wolf < IE *dhau- 'to 
squeeze, to strangle' (Fvretschmer Einlei- 
tung 211). Mikkola WuS II 218 (samé 
as FvAuffmann); Zupitza Gutt. 16; Torp- 
Falk 396; Trautmann BSW 342; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 36; Feist 325; Pokorný I 
1154; Fraenkel 1198-1199; Zalizniak I 
137; Vries ANEW 645-646; Benveniste 
135; Martynov Jazyk 34-35 (from Slav 
*vorgb 'enemy'); Vasmer-Trubachev I 
352; Lehmann GED 153, 229 (to Lith 
veržiu, věřiti 'to tie up'); Bammesberger 
Nom. 50; Orel Phrygian 29-30. 

*war3Ípo sb.f: Goth wargipa judgment, 
condemnation', OE wirgd, wir^bu 'con- 
demnation, curse'. Derived from *war^az 
(Amfra Recht II 1 34). Holthausen AEE] I ' 
394; Feist 551; Benveniste IEL 135; 
Lehmann GED 394. 

*war3Janan wk.vb.: Goth ga-wargjan 'to 
oudaw, to condemn', OE wirdan 'to 
curse, to do evil', OS gi-waragean 'to pun- 
ish (as a criminal)'. Derived from *war^az. 
Structurally close to Slav *voržiti 'to prac- 
tise witchcrafť. Torp-Falk 397; Holt- 



waryanan 



449 



warojanan 



hausen AEEW 394; Feist 210; Vasmer- 
Trubachev I 353; Benveniste IEL 135; 
Lehmann GED 153. 

*warin sb.f.: Goth warei 'slyness, wariness, 
reavotipyía', OHG gi-werí 'circumspec- 
tion, attentiveness'. Derived from *waraz. 
Torp-Falk 393; Feist 551; Lehmann 
GED 395; Heidermanns 657. 

*warja-móďó sb.f.: OE mase. wermód 
Svormwood (bitter plant Artemisia 
Absinthium)', OS wermoda id., OHG wer- 
muota, werimuota id. Derived from *war- 
jaiian and *moÍ5 (see *m5iaz). Holt- 
hausen AEEJV 391; Onions 1013. 

*warjan sb.n.: ON ver 'fishing-place', OE 
wer 'dam, weir' (mase), OS werr 'dam for 
fishing', OHG wer 'dam, weir'. Derived 
from *warjanan. Torp-Falk 395; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 391; Vries AMEW 654; 
Lehmann GED 394. 

*warja-na3lan sb.m.: ON var-nagli 'bung 
for the hole in the boaťs bottom', MHG 
wer-nagel 'dagger handle'. Compound of 
*wmjan and *na^laz. Vries AMEW 646. 

*warjanan wk.vb.: Goth warjan 'to forbid, 
to hinder', ON verja 'to defenď, OE 
werian 'to hinder, to check, to restrain', 
OFris wera 'to hinder, to forbiď, OS wer- 
ian id., OHG werien, werren id. Related to 
Skt vmóti 'to cover, to surrounď, Lat 
aperio 'to uncover', Lith veriii, vérti 'to 
open, to string, to threaď, Slav *vbrq, 
*verti 'to lock, to stick'. Persson Beitrage 
500; Torp-Falk 394; Trautmann BS]V 
351-352; Holthausen AEEW 391; 
Walde-Hofmann I 56-57; Feist 551 
552; Porzig Gliederung 155; Mayrhofer 
III 245-246; Pokorný I 1160; Fraenkel 
1229-1230; Vries AMW 656; Onions 
998; Vasmer-Trubachev I 293; Lehmann 
GED 394; Kluge-Seebold 879. 

*warjaz sb.m.: Burg *warja 'dweller' 
(re-stem), ON pl. skip-verjar 'crew', OE 
pl. burh-ware 'inhabitants of a city'. For 
HG cf. edrnonyms Angri-varii, Boju-varii. 
Derived from *warjanan. Torp-Falk 
395; Holthausen AEE]V 384; Vries 
ANE\ V 655; Kobler 714. 

*warmaz adj.: ON varmr 'warm', OE 



wearm id., OFris warm id., OS warm id., 
OHG warm id. Derivative of *uer-: Hitt 
war- 'to burn', Arm varem 'to burn', Lith 
vérdu, virti 'to boil, to cook', Slav *vbrěti 'to 
boil' (Fick BB II 203). Karsten MB II 
245; Torp-Falk 395; Trautmann BSW 
361; Holthausen AEEW 387; Ben- 
veniste BSL XXXIII 136-137; Pokorný 
I 1166; Chemodanov SGGJa I 83; 
Fraenkel 1263; Vries AMEW 646; 
Onions 992—993; Vasmer-Trubachev I 
362; Schubert Erw. 75; Georgtev LnE 
200; Lehmann GED 394 (against the con- 
nection with IE *g'herm- 'warm'); Bammes- 
berger Mom. 244; Heidermanns 659- 
660; Kluge-Seebold 875. 

*warmjanan wk.vb.: Goth warmjan 'to 
warm', ON verma id., OE wirman id., OS 
warmian id., OHG ír-warmen id. Derived 
from *warmaz. Zupitza Gutt. 33; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 394; Feist 552; Vries 
AMEW 656; Onions 993; Lehmann GED 
394-395; Heidermanns 660. 

*warnaz ~ *warnó sb.m./f: Burg warns 
'defence', ON vqrn 'defense', OE wearn 
'hindrance, obstacle', OHG furi-warna 
'preparation'. Related to *warjanan. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 387; Vries AMEW 675; 
Kobler 714. 

*warnójanan wk.vb.: ON varna 'to warn 
off, to abstain', OE warenian, warnian 'to 
také head, to beware', OFris warna 'to 
refuse, to děny', MLG warnen 'to make 
attentive', OHG warnon 'to equip, to 
instrucť. Derived from *warno. Torp- 
Falk 394; Holthausen AEE]V 387; 
Vries AME1 V 646; Heidermanns 658. 

*waró sb.f: ON var 'pláce of landing', OE 
waru 'embankmenť, MLG ware 'dam'. 
Identical with Lith vdras 'pole (in a 
fence)', pa-vará 'net ropě', Slav *vorb, *vora 
'fence' (Holthausen ZJslavPh XXII 147). 
Torp-Falk 395; Trautmann BS]V 352- 
353; Holthausen AEE]V 384; Fraenkel 
1197-1198; Vries AMEW 674 (to Av var 
'castíe', Slav *za-voi~b 'bolt'). 

*warójanan wk.vb.: ON vara 'to beware, 
to warn', OE warian 'to beware, to 
guarď, OFris waria 'to protéct', OS waron 



warojanan 



450 



waskanan 



'to protéct, to mark, to notě', OHG bi- 
waron 'to protéct'. Derived from *waro(n). 
Torp-Falk 393; Holthausen AEE]V 38; 
Holthausen AEESV 384; Pokorný I 
1164; Vries ANEW 645; Onions 992; 
Heidermanns 658; Rluge-Seebold 871. 

*war5(n) sb.f.: ON vara 'ware, article of 
merchandise', mase. vari 'wariness, cau- 
tion', OE waru 'watchful care, care, 
observance', OFris ware 'care, attention; 
keeping, possession', OS wara 'care, 
attention', OHG wara 'attention, product, 
article'. Derived from *waraz. Similar to 
Gk *popá on which ópáco 'to see' is 
based. The reconstruction of a separate 
*wazo(n) 'article of merchandise' with 
further links to Hitt wašiia- 'to buy' can 
hardly be accepted. Persson UUA 
1891 61; Wadstein Z dph XXVIII 529 
(to Skt itrá 'sheep', Lat ueruex 'wether'); 
Torp-Falk 393; Holthausen AEE]V 384; 
Pokorný I 1 164; Vries ANEW 645-646; 
Frisk II 409-410; Onions 992; Leh- 
mann GED 395; Bammesberger Nom. 108; 
Kluge-Seebold 871, 8. 

*warón ~ *waraz sb.m.: ON vari 'liquid, 
water', OE wner 'sea'. Related to Toch A 
wár, B war 'water', Skt vari 'water, rain', 
Av var- 'rain', W gwer 'tallow'. Cf. also 
*úraz. Bartholomae 1410; Torp-Falk 
395; Holthausen AEEJ\ t 380; Jóhannes- 
son IEW 138 (to *warzuz); Mayrhofer 
III 194; Pokorný I 80; Vries ANEW 
646; Dybo VSJa 9-23, BSA 33 (identical 
with Indo-Iranian *var-, with shortening 
in an oxytonic stem); Adams TB 577— 
578; Burlak IFTJa 256 (derives Toch 
from *uodór). 

*warpan sb.n.: ON varp 'casting, cast (of a 
net)', OE wearp 'warp', OS warp id., 
OHG warf id. Derived from *werpanan. 
Torp-Falk 398; Holthausen AEEW 
387; Pokorný I 1 153; Vries ANEW 647; 
Zalizniak I 1 44; Trubachev Slav. jaz- V 
171, Rem. 111 (against direct comparison 
with Slav *vorba 'reel'); Stang LS 64; 
Seebold 558; Kluge-Seebold 886. 

*warpilaz ~ *wurpilaz sb.m.: ON ver- 
pill 'die; barrel, cask', OE wyrpel 'strap on 



the falcon's leg', MLG worpel 'die', OHG 
wurfil id. Derived from *werpanan. Torp- 
Falk 398; Holthausen AEE]V 412; 
Vries ANEW 657; Kluge-Seebold 899. 

*wartó(n) sb.f: ON varta 'warť, OE weart, 
wearte id., OFris warte id., OS warta 'nip- 
ple', OHG warza, werza 'wart, nipple'. 
Related to Latv ap-virde 'abscess, boil', 
Slav *verit> 'wound, harm' (Sghmidt Vok. 
II 74). Wood JEGP XIII 507 (to Lat 
uarix 'dilated vein', uerrúca 'height, warť); 
Torp-Falk 397; Holthausen AEE]V 
387; Pokorný I 1151; Vries ANEW 647; 
Zalizniak II 181; Onions 993; Vasmer- 
Trubachev I 295; Kluge-Seebold 876. 

*warzuz sb.f: ON vqrr 'lip'. Identical with 
OPrus warsus id. Furdier related to *wero 
(Wood MIN XXLX 71). Torp-Falk 
399; Pokorný I 1151; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 73; Stang LS 61; Vries ANEW 
676; Lehmann GED 390. 

*wasón sb.m.: Swed vaše 'straw bundle', 
ME wase 'bundle', MLG wase id. Derived 
from *wasjanan ~ *wazjanan. Cf. also ON 
neut. ver 'čase' < *wazan. Torp-Falk 404. 

*wasjanan ~ *wazjanan wk.vb.: Goth 
wasjan 'to clothe', ON veija id., OE werian 
id., OHG werien id. Related to IE *ues- 
'to clothe': Hitt uašš- 'to clothe', uešš- 'to 
be dresseď, Toch AB was- 'to be dressed 
in, to wear', Skt váste 'to wear', caus. 
vasáyati, Av vaste id., Arm zgenum 'to get 
dresseď, Gk Att Ěvvu(4.i id. Bartho- 
lomae 1394; Torp-Falk 404; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 391; Feist 552-553; 
Porzig Gliederung 155; Mayrhofer III 
175-176; Pokorný I 1172; Vries ANEW 
655-656; Frisk I 521-522; Onions 996; 
Lehmann GED 395; Adams TB 597; 
Burlak IFTJa 256. 

*waskanan str.vb.: OE wiescan 'to wash', 
WFris waskje id., OS pret. sg. wosk id., 
OHG wascan id. ON vaska id. < *wasko- 
janan might indicate the Proto-Gmc status 
of diis verb, unless ON is from WGmc. 
Derived from *watnan ~ *watar. Torp- 
Falk 384; Holthausen AEE]V 384; 
Krogmann NDJb LXXXI 13-21; 
Pokorný I 80; Onions 993; Seebold 



waskanan 



451 



weclra-da3az 



539; Darms Vrddhi 13-24 (from *muad- 
sko-, to IE *raeu3- 'to wash'); Kluge- 
Seebold 876. 

*wastj5 sb.f.: Goth wasti 'dress, clothing'. 
Identical with Gk yecjTÍor £v8ucn<; (Hes.) 
and further Lat uestis 'clodres, clothing'. 
Cf. *westro. Derived from *wasjanan ~ 
*wazjanan. Torp-Falk 404; Walde- 
Hofmann II 775-776; Frisk I 521-522. 

*watnan ~ *watar sb.n.: Goth wato 
'water' (reflects *waton and *watnari), ON 
vatn id., OE water id., OFris weter, water 
id., OS watar id., OHG wazzar id. An 
originál r/n-heteroclysis. Related to Hitt 
uadar id., Skt loc. udán(i) id., Arm get 
'river', Gk í)8(op 'water', Phryg (JéSu id., 
Alb uje id., Umbr u t u r, Olr uisce id., 
Lith vanduo id., and probably Slav *voda 
id. (but see *wadari). Kuhn KZ I 373; 
Schmidt Plur. 109, 202-203; Torp-Falk 
384; Trautmann BS]V 337; Holthausen 
AEESV 381-382; Feist 553-554; Benve- 
niste Origines 20; Detschew Thr. 46; 
Porzig Gliederung 144; Mayrhofer I 
103-104; Pokorný I 78-80; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 79; Vries ANEW 648; 
Zalizniak II 222; Fraenkel 1194-1195; 
Frisk II 957-959; Onions 994; Vasmer- 
Trubaohev I 330; Lehmann GED 395- 
396; Bamme sběr ger Nom. 204-205; 
Kluge-Seebold 876; Orel AED 483-484. 

*wabilan ~ *wabilaz sb.n./m.: ON vél 
'artifice, craft, defice, machine', OFris 
wedel 'fronď, OS wethil 'fan', OHG wadil, 
wadal, wedil id. Derived from *wejanan I 
(Sievers PBB XVI 244). Bugge KZ XX 
30—31 (to Lat adúlo 'to fawn upon'); 
Pokorný I 83; Vries ANEW 653; Kluge- 
Seebold 878. 

*wabw5n sb.m.: ON vqdvi 'muscle', OS 
watho 'calf, OHG wado, wad id. Re- 
lated to Lat udtrax 'witíi crooked feet, 
club-footeď (Lidén A<;XLI 396). Torp- 
Falk 385 (to Umbr vatuva 'part of a sacri- 
ficial animal (?)'); Pokorný I 1113; 
Vries AA'Eir 672; Kluge-Seebold 870. 

*wazjó(n) sb.f: ON verja 'outer garmenť, 
OHG gi-wera 'clothing'. Derived from 
*wasjanan ~ *wazjanan. Vrbís ANE]V dbb. 



*webanan str.vb.: ON vefa 'to weave', OE 
wefan id., MLG weven id., OHG weban id. 
From IE *uebh-\ Toch A wdp-, B wap- id., 
Skt ubhnati 'to lace up, to cover', Gk iwpT| 
'web', Alb vej 'to weave' < PAlb *webnja. 
Torp-Falk 391; Holthausen AEEW 
388; Jóhannesson IEW 130-131; Porzig 
Gliederung 178, 186; Mayrhofer I 107; 
Pokorný I 1114; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
109; Vries AME)V 649-650; Zalizniak I 
137; Frisk II 977; Onions 996-997; 
Seebold 540-541; Kluge-Seebold 877; 
Orel AED 498; Adams TB 586. 

*webilaz sb.m.: ON tord-yjill 'dung-beede', 
OE wifel 'beede', OS gold-wivil 'glow- 
worm', OHG wibil 'beetle, chafer'. 
Derived from *webanan. Cf. probably a 
similar derivative in Lith vdbalas 'beetle' 
(Brugmann IF XIII 1 58), Slav *vebblica > 
Russ dial. veblica 'worm' (Zubatý AfslavPh 
XVI 416). Torp-Falk 391 (to ON váfa 
'to soar'); Trautmann BSJ V 336; Holt- 
hausen AEESV 395; Chemodanov SGGJa 
I 74; Fraenkel 1176; Zalizniak I 137; 
Onions 998; Vasmer-Trubachev I 282; 
Kluge-Seebold 889. 

*wečfan sb.n.: ON í-viů-gjarn 'wicked, evil', 
OE in-wid 'fraud, guile, deceiť, OS in-wid 
id., OHG in-wit 'treachery'. Derived from 
*wedanan, cf. Goth in-widan 'to děny 
(guilt)' (Sturtevant JEGP XXXIII 89). 
OE in-widda 'guileful, deceitful' is derived 
from this word and is hardly related to 
*wendaz II (despite Lehmann GED 207). 
Holthausen ASVN 144 (from Lat inuidia 
'envy'); Feist 295; Vries A/VEir287. 

*wedanan str.vb.: Goth ga-widan 'to binď, 
OHG wetan id. Related to Hitt weda-, 
wete- 'to builď, Olr air-com-fed- 'to dam- 
age' (Petersson IF XXIII 387; Feist 
211-212). Torp-Falk 386; Feist 211 
212; Lagercrantz KZ XXXV 273 (to 
Gk Ě9uoí • 8ea|ioí. rc^ÓKanoi); Mayrhofer 
III 222; Pokorný I 1116-1117; See- 
bold 542; Lehmann GED 154; Kluge- 
Seebold 890. 

*wedra-da3az sb.m.: ON vedr-dagr 'fine 
day', OE weder-dtes id., MLG weder-dage 
id., MHG weter-tac id. Compound of 



\vedra-da3az 



452 



wextiz 



*wedran and *da^az. Carr Nom. comp. 53. 

*wedra-laikaz sb.m.: ON veSr-leikr 
'weather condition', Norvv dial. ve-leik 
'flash of lightning', MDu weder-lijc id., 
MHG weter-leich id. Derived from 
*weiran. Carr Nom. comp. 56. 

*wedran sb.n.: ON vešr 'wind, weather', 
OE weder id., OFris weder id., OS wedar 
id., OHG wetar 'weather, air'. Identical 
with Slav *vedro 'good weatírer' (Sohmidt 
Plur. 202). Brugmann IF XVIII 435 (to 
Slav '"vedro or *větn> 'wind'); Torp-Falk 
385; Holthausen AEE)V 388; Pokorný I 
82, 84; Vries ANEW 649 (alternatively, 
to Slav *větn> 'wind'); Zalizniak I 150; 
Onions 996; Vasmer-Trubachev I 284; 
Stang LS 61; Kluge-Seebold 887. 

*wectr5janan wk.vb.: ON vióra 'to be 
such and such (of weatírer)', OE wederian 
'to be (good or bad) weather', MHG 
witeren id. Derived from *wedran. Hirt 
Ablaut 133 (to Skt api-vatáti 'to under- 
stanď); Holthausen AEEW 393; Vries 
ANEW 660; Onions 996. 

*weftaz ~ *weftiz sb.m.: ON veptr 
'woof, OE fem. wift 'implement ušed in 
weaving', MHG wift 'thin threaď. 
Derived from *weianan. Torp-Falk 
391; Holthausen AEEW 395; Onions 
998; Seebold 541. 

*we3a-faran<iz adj.: ON veg-farandi 'way- 
faring', OE we^-farende id. Compound of 
*we^az and *farandz, participle of *faranan. 
Carr Nom. comp. 61; Onions 995. 

*we3a-lausaz adj.: ON vega-lauss 'out of 
the way', OE we^-leás 'without a road, 
impassable', OHG wega-lós id. Com- 
pound of *we^az and Hausaz. Carr Nom. 
comp. 61. 

*we3anan str.vb.: Goth ga-wigan 'to move, 
to shake', ON vega 'to move, to carry, 
to lift, to weigh', OE we^an 'to move, to 
bear, to carry', OFris pres. wega 'to 
weigh, to bring', OS wegan 'to weigh', 
OHG wegan 'to move, to weigh'. 
Connected with Skt váhati 'to drive, to 
ride', Av 3 pl. vazsnti id., Gk Pamph 
pe%ít(ň, E^eaipiv- apuacnv Hes., Alb vjedh 
'to steal', Lat ueho 'to bear, to carry', 



Lith vezu, vézti 'to carry (in a vehicle)', 
Slav *vez<í, *vezti 'to carry, to drive'. 
Bartholomae 1386-1389; Torp-Falk 
382-383; Trautmann BS1 V 356; Feist 
212; Holthausen 388; Walde-Hofmann 

II 742-743; Porzig Gliedemng 195; 
Jóhannesson IEJV 125-128; Mayrhofer 

III 177-178; Pokorný I 1118-1120; 
Fraenkel 1236; Vries ANE]V 650; Frisk 
I 604; Onions 998; Vasmer-Trubachev I 
286; Seebold 542-544; Lehmann GED 
154, 387; Kluge-Seebold 870; Orel 
AED 510. 

*we3a-nestan sb.n.: ON veg-nest 'provi- 
sions for a journey', OE we^-nest id., 
OHG wega-nest id. Compound of *wesaz 
and *nestan. Carr Nom. comp. 53. 

*we3az sb.m.: Goth wigs 'way', ON vegr 
'way, roaď (also an z/-stem), OE we$ 
'way', OFris wei id., OS weg id., OHG 
weg id. Derived from *we^anan. Torp- 
Falk 382; Meillet Mélanges Andler 
249-255; Holthausen AEEW 388; Feist 
563; Pokorný I 1118-1120; Vries 
ANEW 650; Zalizniak II 204; Onions 
995; Seebold 543; Lehmann GED 402- 
403; Bammesberger Nom. 61-62; Kluge- 
Seebold 878. 

*we3Jan sb.n.: ON vigg 'horše', OE wic3 
'steeď, OFris widze id., OS wigg id. 
Identical with Skt neut. vahyá- 'stretcher, 
sofa'. Derived from *we^anan (Kahle IF 
XIV 170). Torp-Falk 383; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 392; Porzig PBB LVIII 
89; Mayrhofer III 178; Pokorný I 
1120; Vrdís ANEW 661; Bammesberger 
Nom. 66. 

* wextiz I sb.f: Goth waihts 'thing' (traces 
of a root stem in pl.), ON vtettr 'being', 
OE wiht 'creature, being, thing', OS wiht 
'tutelary spirit, being, démon, thing' 
(mase), OHG wiht 'being, thing' (also 
neut.). Identical wiur Slav *vektb 'thing'. 
Prusik R'Z XXXV 597 (to IE *uek«- 'to 
speak'); Wood MLN XXIII 148 (to Lith 
veikus 'rapid'); Hirt PBB XXIII 337 
(Slav < Gmc); Loewenthal ANF XXXV 
229 (to IE *uek- 'to wish'); Torp-Falk 
381-382; Holthausen PBB XLVI 146 



wextiz 



453 



welo(n) 



(to Lat uegeo 'to be lively'), AEW 395-396; 
Feist 543; Pokorný I 1 1 36; Vries AjYEW 
672; Zaliznl\k II 211; Onions 1006; 
Vasmer-Trubachev I 308; Stang LS 63; 
Lehmann GED 388—389; Bammesberger 
jYom. 143 (combines '''wextiz I and II); 
Kluge-Seebold 888. 

*wextiz II sb.f.: ON vtett 'weighť, OE wiht 
id., OFris wicht id., MDu wicht, wichte 
id. Derived from *we^anan. Glose to Lat 
mase. uectis 'lever'. Torp-Falk 382— 
383; Walde-Hofmann II 741; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 88; Vries AMEW 672; 
Onions 998; Seebold 543; Kluge- 
Seebold 322. 

*wela-děďiz sb.f.: Goth waila-deps 'good 
deeď, OE wel-ddd id., OHG wola-tat id. 
Compound of *welo(n) ~ *walo(n) and 
*iěiiz. Feist 543; Lehmann GED 136. 

*welan sb.n.: ON vil 'self-will', OE will 
'wiU', OS will id. Related to *wel(j)anan. 
Holthausen AEEW 396; Vries AMEW 
663; Onions 1006. 

*welÍ3az sb.m.: OE welÍ3 'willow'. Cf. also 
OS wilgia id. < *wel(i)$jon. Close to Gk 
éWkt| id., further to éXií, 'twisted, curveď 
< *uelik-. Holthausen AEE]V 389; 
Pokorný I 1141; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
107; Frisk I 494-496; Onions 1007. 

*wel(j)anan str.vb.: Goth wiljan 'to will', 
ON vilja id. (irreg.), OE pres. wile id., 
OFris pres. wel, weli id., OS pres. wili id., 
OHG pres. wili id. AU paradigms are 
irregular. Originally, belonged to mi-con- 
jugation. Related to Skt vrnati 'to choose, 
to select, to prefer', Av var- 'to choose, to 
selecť, Lat uolo 'to wanť, Lith velmi, vélti 
id., Slav *velěti 'to order'. Helten PBB 
XXXV 297-299; Zupitza Gutt. 33; 
Bartholomae 1360-1362; Torp-Falk 
399-400; Trautmann BSW 348; Feist 
563-564; Holthausen AEEW 396; 
Walde-Hofmann II 828-830; Prokosch 
CGG 224-225; Mezger KZ LXXV 
225-233; Jóhannesson IEW 158-159; 
Mayrhofer III 244-245; Pokorný I 
1137; Fraenkel 1220; Vries AMEW 663 
Krause HG 251; Onions 1006-1007 
Vasmer-Trubachev I 288; Seebold 551 



Lehmann GED 403; Kluge-Seebold 897. 

*weljon sb.m.: Goth wilja 'wiU', ON vili 
id., OE willa id., OFris willa id., OS willio 
id., OHG willo 'desire, wish'. Derived 
from *wel(j)anan. Stetnthal KZ I 570; 
Mohr ZDADL LXXVI 153 (ON < 
WGmc); Torp-Falk 400; Holthausen 
AEEW 396; Feist 563; Pokorný I 1137; 
Vries AMEW 663; Zalizniak I 155; 
Onions 1006; Seebold 551; Lehmann 
GED 403; Bammesberger Nom. 182; 
Kluge-Seebold 891. 

*welkaz adj.: MLG welk 'flabby, ariď, 
OHG wele, welh 'wet, soft'. Identical with 
Latv velgs 'wetness', further cf. Lith vilgau, 
vilgyti 'to moisten', Slav *volga 'liquiď. 
Zupitza Gutt. 169; Torp-Falk 402; 
Trautmann BS1\ t 358-359; Pokorný I 
1145-1146; Fraenkel 1251; Vasmer- 
Trubachev I 340. 

*wellanan I str.vb.: OSwed vtdla 'to roli', 
OHG wellan id. Related to Skt valáte 'to 
turn, to move', Gk eiXéco 'to shut in, to 
hinder, to press', Lith veliu, vélti 'to roli', 
Slav *valiti 'to make fall'. Persson 
Beitrage 539, 543-544; Trautmann BSW 
349; Torp-Falk 400; Pokorný I 1141; 
Fraenkel 1221; Frisk I 456-457; 
Seebold 553; Kluge-Seebold 884. 

*wellanan II str.vb.: ON vella 'to boil', 
OE weallan 'to well, to bubble forth', 
OFris bi-wellen 'to stain', OS bi-wellan id., 
OHG bi-wellan 'to stain, to disgrace'. 
Probably, historically identical with 
*wellanan I. Torp-Falk 401; Holt- 
hausen AEE)V 386; Jóhannesson IEW 
160-164; Pokorný I 1140-1144; Vries 
AMEW 653; Onions 999; Seebold 
538-539, 553; Kluge-Seebold 873 (to 
Lith vilnis 'wave'). 

*wellón sb.m./f: ON vella 'seething, a 
seediing mass', OE wiella 'well, spring, 
fountain', OFris walla 'seething, spring', 
MLG welk id., OHG wella 'wave, stream'. 
Derived from *wellanan II. Holthausen 
AEEW 393; Onions 999; Stang LS 
63—64 (to Lith vilnis 'wave', Slav *vblna 
id.); Lehmann GED 411 (to *wellanan I). 

*weló(n) ~ *walo(n) adv.: Goth waila 



welo(n) 



454 



wenčtaz 



'welT, ON vel, val id., OE wel id., OFris 
wel id., OS wela, wala id., OHG wola, 
wela, wala id. Derived from *wel(j)anan. 
Cf. comp. *weliz6n ~ *walizon > Goth 
walisa 'beloved, genuine', ON comp. 
vildri, vildari 'more pleasant, better', OHG 
adv. *waliro 'in a more excellent way'. 
Karsten M E 183-184 (comp. < *uelho-); 
Brugmann IF XV 99-100 (to Skt véla 
'limit, boundary, enď); Persson Beitrage 
514-516 (to Skt véti 'to háve in view, to 
approach'); Loewe PBB LI 254-256; 
Streitberg GE 69; Torp-Falk 399-400; 
Holthausen AE£I 1^388; Feist 543, 548; 
Pokorný I 1137; Vries AMEW 652, 
663; Onions 999; Lehmann GED 389, 
392; Bammesberger Btrg. Gesch. Cil 1-4 
(Goth -s- < -z- according to Thurney- 
sen's rule); Heidermanns 650, 667; 
Kluge-Seebold 896. 

*weltanan ~ *waltanan str.vb.: ON 
velta 'to roli', OHG walzan id. Related to 
*wellanan I. Torp-Falk 403 (to Olr 
fillim 'flecto' ? < *iield); Jóhannesson 
IEW 160-164; Pokorný I 1140-1144; 
Vries ANEW 653; Seebold 554; Kluge- 
Seebold 874 (to Skt valáte 'to turn, to 
move', Slav *valiti 'to make falF). 

*well)ja-forě<15(n) sb.f.: ON villi-brád 
'venison', MLG neut. wilt-brat id., MHG 
neut. wilt-brat id. Compound of *weljýaz 
and *breÍo(n). Carr Nom. comp. 87 (par- 
allel formations); Keuge-Seebold 890. 

*well)ja-deuzan sb.n.: ON villi-dýr 'wild 
animal', OE wild-déor id., latě OHG wild- 
tior id. Compound of *weljýaz and 
*ieuzan. Carr JVom. comp. 87 (parallel 
formations). 

*well)jaz adj.: Goth wilpeis 'wild', ON villr 
'wild, bewildereď, OE wilde 'wilď, OFris 
wilde id., OS wildi id., OHG wildi 'wild, 
savage'. Related to W gwyllt 'untameď, 
Corn gwyls id. < *uel-ti- or *uel-to-. 
Bugge KZ XX (1872) 27 (to OBakt va- 
reta 'maď); ZuprrzA Gutt. 17; Torp-Falk 
403-404; Lidén BB XXI 106-107 (to 
Russ viVať 'to wag'); Ehrlich apud Feist 
(to Gk QíXja 'to enchant, to bewitch', 
Lith žvelgiú, žvelgti 'to look'); Fay JEGP 



XVII 423 (to *walpu Z ); Feist 564; 
Holthausen AEE1 V 396; Pokorný I 
1139-1140; Trter Venus 48-50; Vries 
ANEW 664 (against Fay); Onions 1006; 
Lehmann GED 403-404; Heidermanns 
668-669; Kluge-Seebold 890. 

*welwanan str.vb.: Godr wilwan 'to rob'. 
Identical with Lat uello 'to pluck, to pull'. 
Torp-Falk 402; Walde-Hofmann II 
744—745 (Lat uello < *uelso or *ueldb); 
Pokorný I 1145. 

*wempilaz sb.m.: ON vimpill 'a kind of 
hood, veil', OE wimpel 'article of womans 
dresss', OFris wimpel 'veil', OS wimpal id., 
OHG wimpal id. Of unknown origin. 
Holthausen AEE] V 396; Onions 1007. 

*wendanan str.vb.: Goth us-windan 'to 
twine, to plaiť, ON vinda 'to wring, to 
twist', OE windan 'to twist, to roli', OFris 
winda id., OS windan id., OHG wintan id. 
Related to Toch AB wdnt- 'to cover, to 
envelop', Umbr imper. aha-uendu 'aver- 
tito'. Torp-Falk 390; Osthoff £iff% 
XXrV 215 (to IE *»«-); Nehrtng IF IV 
401 (to Slav *vezati 'to tie'); Feist 98; 
Holthausen AEE1\' 397; Jóhannesson 
IEW 134-137; Pokorný I 1116-1117; 
Solta Arm. 142-143; Vries AKEW 
665; Onions 1008; Seebold 554-556; 
Lehmann GED 74; Kluge-Seebold 892; 
Adams TB 592. 

*wendaz I sb.m.: Goth winds 'winď, ON 
vindr id. (pardy from *weniiz), OE wind 
id., OFris wind id., OS wind id., OHG 
wint id. Corresponds to Hitt huuant- id., 
Toch A want, B yente id., Lat uentus id., W 
gwynt id. Derived from *wějanan. Torp- 
Falk 378; Holthausen AEEW 397; 
Walde-Hofmann II 751-752; Feist 565; 
Pokorný I 82 (reconstructs *ě in *uentos 
based on part. *ue-nt- 'blowing'); Porzig 
Gliederung 187, 197; Jóhannesson IEW 
107-108; Kammenhuber KZ LXXVII 
67-68; Vries AMEW 665; Zalizniak II 
191; Onions 1007; Seebold 540; 
Tisghler HEG I 328-331; Lehmann 
GED 404; Puhvel III 428-429; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 93-94; Kluge-Seebold 
892; Adams TB 505. 



wenčtaz 



455 



wentruz 



*wendaz II adj.: Goth in-wínds 'unjust, 
wicked, wrong', ON vindr 'awry'. Derived 
from *wenianan. Karsten NB I 27; 
Meringer IF XVIII 295 (on the prefix 
in- in Goth); Torp-Falk 390; Weis- 
weiler IF XLI 350-351; Holthausen 
AEEW 189; Feist 296; Vries A/VET r 665; 
Seebold 555; Lehmann GED 207; Lúhr 
Expr. 607; Bammesberger Nom. 241; 
Heidermanns 669. 

*wendin3az sb.m.: ON pl. vindingar 'wind- 
ings', Langob wintingas id., OS winding 
'band', OHG winting id. Derived from 
*wendanan. Vries ANEW 665. 

*wenti6n sb.f.: ON vinda 'bank of yarn', 
MLG winde 'winding device', OHG winta 
id. Derived from *wendanan. Vries ANEJ V 
664. 

*wenectaz sb.m.: ON vindr 'Slav, Western 
Slav', OE pl. Winedas id., OHG pl. 
Wiráda id. Cf. also Lat Venedi, Venethl. 
Any connection with *weniz? Schrader- 
Nehring II 415 (to Slav *vetiči, the name 
of an East Slavic tribe); Holthausen 
AEEW 397; Vries ANEW 665; Onions 
1000. 

*wenistraz adj.: ON vinstri 'lefť (< 
*wenistron), OE winestra id., OFris winister 
id., OS winistar id., OHG winistar id. 
Derived from *weniz as a taboo motivated 
name of the 'frienclly' left side (Hoops EG 
V 88). For the suffix cf. Gk apíatepcx; 
'lefť, Lat sinister id. Torp-Falk 387; 
Holthausen AEEW 398; Huisman K^ 
LXXI 105 (to Icel vinstur, Gk rivucíTpov 
'fourth stomach of ruminating animals'); 
Vries ANEW 666-667; Lehmann GED 363. 

*weniz sb.m.: ON vinr 'frienď, OE wine 
id., OFris wine id., OS mini id., OHG zvitu 
id. Related to Toch A waňi, wlna 'pleas- 
ure', Skt vanuti 'to demand, to like', Lat 
uenus 'love' and other continuants of IE 
*uen- 'to wish, to love', cf. *wunenan. Par- 
ticularly close to 0\r fine 'family, kin' < 
*uenia (Ztmmer K? XXW 212). Torp- 
Falk 387; Holthausen AEE1\ t 397; 
Walde-Hofmann II 752-753; Mayr- 
hofer III 141-142; Pokorný I 1146- 
1147; Vries ANEW 666; Zalizniak I 



149; Lehmann GED 379; Bammesberger 
Nom. 136; Adams TB 601-602. 

*wenjo sb.f: Goth winja 'pasture', ON vin 
'meadow, pasture', MLG winne 'pasture', 
OHG winne id. Derivationally identical 
with Olr Jiné 'kinship, family'. Related 
to *weniz (Lidén BSB 27; Trier Venus 
117-118). Torp-Falk 387; Feist 
565-566; Pokorný I 1 147; Vries ANEW 
664; Zalizniak I 149; Lehmann GED 
404; Kluge-Seebold 897. 

*wenkjanan wk.vb.: OHG winken 'to 
move sidewards, to stagger, to wink'. 
Close to Skt váňgati 'to walk', Lith véngiu, 
véngti 'to avoiď. Torp-Falk 389; Mayr- 
hofer III 124; Pokorný I 1148-1149; 
Fraenkel 1223, 1256-1257. 

*wennanan str.vb.: Goth winnan 'to 
suffer', ON vinna 'to labor, to work, to 
win', OE winnan 'to labor, to toil', OFris 
winna 'to gain', OS winnan 'to work, to 
battle', OHG winnan 'to suffer, to work'. 
Related to Hitt uen- 'futuere', Skt vanóti 
'to demand, to strive for, to obtain', Lat 
uenus 'love'. See *weniz. Nordltng SNF 
XX/6 21 (from *uenu-); Torp-Falk 388; 
Holthausen AEEW 398; Mertnger IF 
XVI 180-181; Walde-Hofmann II 
752-753; Feist 566; Jóhannesson IEW 
132-133; Mayrhofer III 141-142; 
Pokorný I 404; Trier Venus passim; 
Vries ANEW 666; Onions 1007; See- 
bold 556-557; Lehmann GED 404; 
Kluge-Seebold 322. 

*wenno(n) sb.f.: Goth winno 'suffering', 
winna 'passion, suffering', ON vinna 'work, 
labor', OE mód-^e-winna 'care, anxiety' 
(mase), OHG winna 'quarrel'. Derived 
from *wennanan. Torp-Falk 388; Feist 
566; Vries ANEW 666; Seebold 557; 
Lehmann GED 404. 

*wentruz sb.m.: Goth wintrus 'winter', 
ON vetr id. (pl. from a root stem), OE 
winter 'winter, year', OFris winter 'winter', 
OS wintar id. (< *wentraz), OHG wintar id. 
(< *wentraz). Unclear. Bugge K^ XTX 
(1870) 434 (to IE *gheim- 'winter'); Lidén 
PBB XV 522 (to *watnan ~ *watar; 'win- 
ter as a wet season'); Uhlenbeck PBB 



wentruz 



456 



werkan 



XXX 326 (to Olrfnd 'white'); Petersson 
SVSL I 14; Wood Language VIII 214 (to 
*wendaz I); Torp-Falk 384; Holthausen 
AEE1V398; Feist 566; Pokorný I 78-79; 
Vries ANEW 658; Zalizniak II 212; 
Krause HG 161 (samé as Uhlenbeck); 
Onions 1008; Mathiassen NTS XXII 
91—98 (to Slav *vednoti 'to wane'); 
Lehmann GED 404-405; Bammesberger 
Nom. 161; Kluge-Seebold 893. 

*wen{5Janan ~ *wen{55janan wk.vb.: 
Goth dis-winpjan 'to crush', OE windwian 
'to winnow', OHG wintbn id. Related to 
*wendaz I. Holthausen AEE]\ t 397; 
Feist 121; Lehmann GED 92. 

*werdaz adj.: Goth ana-wairps 'future', 
ON ofan-ver&r 'upper, uppermosť, OFris 
adv. úta-werdes 'outwards', OS adv. for- 
werd 'forwards, henceforth', OHG ab- 
wert 'absenť. Derived from *werpanan. 
Torp-Falk 398; Feist 45-46, 181; Vries 
ANE1V 655; Seebold 560; Lehmann 
GED 152-153; Heidermanns 672-673; 
Kluge-Seebold 875-876. 

*wer<Jeslon sb.m./f.: ON au-visli 'dam- 
age, hurt, injury', OE ďf-werdelsa 'famage, 
detriment, loss' (with metathesis), OHG 
wertisala 'corruption'. See *warďjanan. 
Falk ANF V 120; Vries ANE]V 21. 

*werdjanan wk.vb.: Gouh ga-ga-wairfrjan 
'to reconcile', OHG ant-wirten 'to 
address'. Derived from *werdaz. Feist 
181; Heidermanns 673. 

*werduz ~ *werdiz sb.m.: Goth wairdus 
'host', OFris hus-werda 'master of the 
house' («-stem), OS werd id. (n-stem), 
OHG wirt id. Probably derived from 
*wcajanan. Grienberger Got. 236 (to 
Lith veriii, vérti 'to open'); Messing 
Neophilologus II 280-282 (to *werpaz); 
Schrader Idg. (from *uer-tu- 'protection'); 
Torp-Falk 394; Feist 544-545 (to IE 
*uer- 'to be attentive'); Porzig Gliederung 
133; Pokorný I 1161, 1165-1166 (to 
*uer- 'to be friendly'); Zalizniak II 204; 
Seebold 475 (to Olr ferthigis 'stewarď); 
Lehmann GED 390; Bammesberger Nom. 
158; Kluge-Seebold 894. 

*wer3anan str.vb.: MHG er-wergen 'to 



strangle'. Identical with Alb z-vjerdh 'to 
wean', Lith veržiú, věřiti 'to squeeze, 
to binď, Slav *vbrzQ, *verzti 'to binď. 
Torp-Falk 396; Trautmann BS]\ ' 355; 
Holthausen AEESV 411; Pokorný I 
1120-1121; Fraenkel 1230-1231; 
Onions 1013; Vasmer-Trubachev I 298; 
Orel AED 527; Kluge-Seebold 899. 

*wer3Ílaz ~ *wur3Ílaz sb.m.: ON virgill 
'halter', OS wurgil 'cord, ropě'. Derived 
from *wersanan (Persson Beitrage 506). 
Torp-Falk 397; Vries ANEW 667; 
Puhvel III 401 (to Hitt hurkil- 'severe sex- 
ual offence' < *'hanging matter'); Kluge- 
Seebold 899. 

*weriló sb.f: Goth wairilo 'lip', OE weler 
id. (witír metathesis). Derived from *wero. 
Wood MLN XXLX 71 (to Lat uarus 
'facial eczema'); Lewy IF XXXII 1 65 (to 
Slav *vys-okb 'high'); Holthausen AEE]\ j 
389; Feist 545; Lehmann GED 390. 

*werka-tla3az sb.m.: ON verk-dagr 'work- 
day', OE weorc-dtes id., MLG werk-dag id., 
MHG werk-tac id. Compound of *werkan 
and *da3az. Carr Nom. comp. 79 (paral- 
lel formations). 

*werka-xúsan sb.n.: ON verk-hús 'work- 
shop, ofEcina', OE weorc-hús 'workshop', 
MDu werc-huus id., OHG werc-hus id. 



Compound of *werkan and 



n. Carr 
Nom. comp. 79 (parallel formations). 

*werka-mannz sb.m.: ON verk-madr 
'workman, laborer', OE weorc-mann id., 
MLG werk-man id., MHG werc-man id. 
Compound of *werkan and *mannz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 79 (parallel formations); 
Onions 1012. 

*werkan sb.n.: ON verk 'work', OE weorc 
id., OFris werk id., OS merk id., OHG 
werah, werc id. Etymologically related to 
Gk Ěpyov id. and Av varsza- id. continu- 
ing IE *uerg- 'to work'. Bartholomae 
1378; Torp-Falk 396; Holthausen 
AEEW 390; Mladenov 667 (to Slav 
*vwgQ, *vergti 'to throw'); Kurylowicz 
Apophonie 1 5 1 (Vrddhi formation) 
Pokorný I 1168; Vries ANEW 656 
Zalizniak I 144; Frisk I 548-549 
Onions 1012; Anittla Schw. 157; Bammes- 



werkan 



457 



werjianan 



berger Nom. 61; Kluge-Seebold 886. 

*werkjan sb.n.: ON virki 'work', OS gi-wirki 
id. Derived from *werhm. Vries AJVE] V 667. 

*werkjanan wk.vb.: ON virkja 'to pain', 
OE wyrcan 'to work, to labor'. Derived 
from *werkan. Holthausen AEE]V 394; 
Vries ÁNEW 667. 

*werkójanan wk.vb.: ON verka 'to work', 
OFris werkia id., MLG werken id., OHG 
wercon 'to build, to work'. Derived from 
*werkan. Vries AJíEW 656. 

*werkon sb.m.: ON verki 'doer, offender', 
MHG ge-werke 'comrade'. Derived from 
*werkan. Vries AME] I' 656. 

*wero sb.f: OFris were 'lip'. Related to Lat 
uarus 'pimple', Lith viras 'pustule on pigs' 
(Bezzenberger-Fiok BB VI 240; Wood 
MLN XXrX 71), Toch B weru 'blister'. 
Cf. *warzuz- Torp-Falk 399; Traut- 
mann BSW 360; Walde-Hofmann II 734; 
Feist 545 (contra Wood); Pokorný I 
1151-1152; Fraenkel 1258-1259; Vries 
ANE] V 676 (to *warjanan); Lehmann GED 
390; Adams TB 609. 

*werpanan str.vb.: Goth wairpan 'to cast, 
to throw', ON verpa id., OE weorpan id., 
OFris werpa id., OS werpan id., OHG wer- 
fan id. Related to Lith virbu, virbeti 'to 
shiver, to move'. Diefenbach V] VI 201 
(to Lith verpiú, veřpti 'to spin'); Zupitza 
Gutt. 30; Potebnia RFV W 164 (to Slav 
*vorpi> 'raid'); Persson Beitráge 502-503; 
Keuge FBB LX 193 (to Skt vrnákti 'to 
turn, to twist'); Meyer £7 VI 176 (to Gk 
paním 'to throw'); Zupitza Gutt. 30; 
Torp-Falk 398; Feist 545; Holthausen 
AEEW 390; Kluge 855, PBB IX 
193-196; Jóhannesson IEW 141-149 
Pokorný I 1153 (to IE *uer- 'to turn') 
Fraenkel 1259; Vries AMEW 656-657 
Onions 993; Seebold 557—559; Lehmann 
GED 390; Kluge-Seebold 886. 

*werpaz ~ *werpan sb.m./n.: ON lit- 
verpr 'one quickly changing color', OE y- 
weorp 'throwing, tossing', OFris werp 
'throw', MDu werp id., OHG gi-werf 
'contribution'. Derived from *werpanan. 
Holthausen AEEW 390; Vries AXEW 
657; Seebold 558. 



*wersiz comp. adv.: Goth wairs 'worse', 
ON ven id., OE wirs id., OS wirs id., 
MHG wirs id. Close to Olr fen 'better', 
further to Skt várny as- 'higher', Lith viršús 
'top, peak', Slav *vbrxb 'top'. Comp. 
*wersizon ~ *werzizon > Goth wairsiza 
'worse', ON verri id., OE wírsa id., OFris 
wirra id., OS wirsa id., OHG wirsiro id. 
Superl. *wersistaz ~ *wersiston (ON verstr 
'worsť, OE winest id., OFris wersta id., 
OS wirsista id., OHG wirsisto id.) is struc- 
turally identical wiťh Skt vársistha- 'the 
highesť. Grimm DG III 658 (to Slav 
*gorbjb 'worse'); Diefenbach VW I 191 
(samé as Grimm); Osthoff Morph. Unt. VI 
289-291 (to *wersan 'confusion'); Torp- 
Falk 398-399 (to OS werran 'to entangle', 
OHG werran 'to confuse' < *werzanarí); 
Uhlenbeok PBB XXX 323; Torp-Falk 
399; Trautmann BS1 V 362; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 394; Feist 546; Stur- 
tevant AJPhil LVI 141; Mayrhofer 
III 160-161; Pokorný I 1151-1152; 
Fraenkel 1262-1263; Vries AMIK 657; 
Onions 1013; Vasmer-Trubachev I 
301-302; Lehmann GED 391; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 236; Heidermanns 675—676. 

*wertiz sb.n.: ON virtr 'sweet-wort, new 
beer', OHG wirz 'worť. An ablaut vari- 
ant of *wurtiz. Holthausen AEE1 V 41 2; 
Vries ANEW 668. 

*werj5a-líkaz adj.: ON verd-ligr 'valuable', 
OE weoro-lk id., OHG werd-lih 'dignifieď. 
Derived from *werpaz. Heidermanns 674. 

*wer|5an sb.n.: Goth wairp 'price' (neut. or 
mase), ON verb 'worth, price', OE weord 
'worth, value', OFris werth id., OS werth 
'payment, money', OHG werd 'worth'. 
Substantivized *werpaz. Holthausen 
AEEW Z90; Feist 546; Pokorný I 1157; 
Zalizniak II 173; Lehmann GED 391; 
Heidermanns 674; Kluge-Seebold 886. 

*werj3anan str.vb.: Goth wairpan 'to 
become', ON verba id., OE weordan id., 
OFris wertha id., OS werSan id., OHG 
werdan id. Related to Toch A wart- 'to 
throw', Skt vártate 'to turn, to roli', Av 
vant- 'to turn', Lat uerto id., Olr ad-ferta 
'aversatur', Lith veriiú, vefsti 'to turn, to 



weijpanan 



458 



weslan 



spin', Slav *vbrtJQ, *vbrtěti id. Bartho- 
lomae 1368; Torp-Falk 397-398; 
Holthausen AEEW 390; Walde- 
Hofmann II 763-765; Feist 547; 
Jóhannesson IEW 141-149; Mayrhofer 
III 154-155; Pokorný I 1156-1157; 
Fraenkel 1228-1229; Vries ANEW 655; 
Onions 1013; Vasmer-Trubachev I 301; 
Seebold 559-560; Lehmann GED 391; 
FCluge-Seebold 885. 

*werbaz adj.: Goth wairps 'worth, qua- 
lifieď, ON verir 'worth', OE weord id., 
OFris werth id., OS werth id., OHG werd 
'worth, dignifieď. Derived from *werpanan 
(Jóhannesson IEW 145). Structurally 
close to W guuerth 'price'. Bartholomae 
176 (to Av a-vatvta 'thing of value'); 
ArBOIS DE JuBATNVrLLE MSL VII 294 
(from Celtic); Fíarsten NB I 325; 
Brugmann IF XIII 88 (to *weriaz); 
Arbois de Jubainville MSL VII 294 
(from Celt *wertas > W gwerth 'price'); 
Torp-Falk 394; Feist 547; Wissmann 
Postu. 77; Holthausen AEEW 390; 
Pokorný I 1157; Vries ANEW 655; 
Onions 1013; Lehmann GED 391; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 241; Hetdermanns 674-675. 

*werbib5 sb.f: Goth wairpida 'worthiness', 
OHG wirdida 'dignity'. Derived from 
*werpjanan. Feist 547; Lehmann GED 
391; Heidermanns 674. 

*werbjanan wk.vb.: ON virda 'to estimate, 
to rate, to tax', OHG wirden 'to revere, to 
praise'. Derived from *werpan. Torp- 
Falk 394; Vries ANEW 667; Hetder- 
manns 675. 

*werbójanan wk.vb.: Goth wairpon 'to 
estimate, to price', OE weordian 'to set a 
value, to honor', OS gi-werthon 'to fulfilT, 
OHG werdon 'to value, to revere'. De- 
rived from *werpan, *werpaz. Torp-Falk 
394; Holthausen AEEW 390; Feist 547; 
Vries ANEW 655; Lehmann GED 391; 
Heidermanns 675. 

*wesalaz adj.: ON vesall 'bereft, poor, des- 
titute', MHG wesel 'weak'. Related to 
Latv ~ú{sels 'healthy, whole, unharmeď, 
Slav *veseh> 'merry'. For the semantic 
development (suggesting taboo in Gmc) 



cf. *dapra Z . Torp-Falk 379, 413 (to 
*wlsanan)\ Weisweiler IF XLI 332-333; 
Holthausen AEEW 399; Pokorný I 
1123; Jóhannesson IEW 111; KVrahe 
IF LVU 113 (adds Illyr prop. Veselm 
Felicetas); Mezger iC^LXXXffl 124-149, 
LXXXV 296 (a compound with the sec- 
ond element close to MHG sál, *saljanan)\ 
Vries ANEW 657; Vasmer-Trubachev I 
303; Heidermanns 680-681. 

*wesanan I str.vb.: Goth wisan 'to be, to 
exist, to remain', ON vesa, vera 'to be, to 
exisť, OE wesan id., OFris wesa id., OS 
wesan id., OHG wesan id. Related to Hitt 
dueš- 'to live, to be alive', Toch B wás- 'to 
dwell, to abide', Skt vásati 'to dwell, to 
live, to stay', Av vanhaiti 'to pause', Arm 
gom 'to be', Gk aor. a-eao. 'to remain', 
MJifóaid 'to remain, to stay' (Meyer ££ 
XXII 530-532). The paradigm of this 
word is suppletive and highly regular. 
Present is based on IE *es- 'to be': 1 sg. 
*esmi (Goth im, ON em, OE eom); 3 pl. 
*sendi (Goth sind, OE sind, OFris sind, OS 
sind, OHG siní) identical with Hitt ašanzi, 
Skt sánti, Av hmti, Gk Dor ávxí, Lat šunt, 
Slav *sqtb. Brugmann KVG 495; Zupitza 
Gutt. 34; Bartholomae 1394; Torp-Falk 
405; Feist 567-568; Holthausen AEE] V 
391; Walde-Hofmann II 628-629; Jó- 
hannesson IEW 165-166; Mayrhofer 
III 171-172; Pokorný I 1170-1171; 
Vries ANEW 657; Frisk I 25, 463-464; 
Seebold 561-562; Lehmann GED 304, 
405-406; Puhvel III 420-429; Kluge- 
Seebold 886-887; Adams TB 597-598; 
Burlak IFTJa 256. 

*wesanan II str.vb.: Goth wisan 'to feasť, 
OHG fir-wesen 'to spenď. Related to Hitt 
uešiia- 'to graze', Av vástnm 'meadow, 
grass', Lat ulscor 'to live on', Olr feis id. 
Wood Poskons. 54 (together with Lat 
uěscor < *ghues); Bartholomae 1414; 
Torp-Falk 405; Walde-Hofmann LI 769; 
Feist 568; Pokorný I 1171; Rosen Fest- 
schrift Collinder 378—387 (identical with 
hvesanan 'to be'); Seebold 562-563; Leh- 
mann GED 406. 

*weslan sb.n.: ON vesl 'a kind of cloak'. 



weslan 



459 



wepruz 



Related to *wasjanan ~ *wazjanan. 
Structurally close to Toch A wsal 'gar- 
menť. Torp-Falk 404; Pokorný I 
1172; Vries AMEW 657 (< *was(t)ilan); 
Lehmann GED 395. 

*wesón ~ *wezón sb.f./m.: ON vera 
'dwelling', OE ^e-wesa 'support'. Derived 
from *wesanan I. Holthausen AEE]ť 
391; Vries AMEW 654. 

*westan sb.n.: OE adv. west 'West, west- 
wards', OFris west 'Wesť, MLG west id., 
OHG adv. nord-west 'in the north-wesť. 
Continues *ues-to- close in derivation and 
originál meaning to Skt uástu- 'spending 
the nighť, MW gwest 'pláce of rest', fur- 
ther to *ues- (see *wesanan I). Brugmann 
IF XIII 157-160 (identiíies *ues- of *wes- 
tan and of *uesperos); Kretsohmer Glotta 
XXVII 232 (connected with wisi- in 
Uisigothae); Torp-Falk 405; Trautmann 
ASII 7 348; Schroder GRM XVII 
421-427 (to Gk vaxepoq); Holthausen 
AEEW 391; Pokorný I 73 (to Skt am 
'downwards'), 1173-1174; Vries AMEW 
658; Kluge-Seebold 887. 

*westaně adv.: ON vestan 'from the Wesť, 
OE westan id., OS westan, westana id., 
OHG sbst. westan 'Wesť. Derived from 
*westan. For ure formation, cf. Lith úka- 
nas 'cloudy' vs. vdkaras 'evening'. Torp- 
Falk 405-406; Holthausen AEEW 392; 
Fraenkel 1159, 1186; Vries AMEW 658; 
FCluge-Seebold 887. 

*westiz I sb.f: Goth wists 'essence, 
nature', ON úst 'abode, dwelling, domi- 
cile', OE et-wist 'substance, existence', 
OHG wist 'substance'. Identical with Olr 
feiss 'staying, resting' < *uesti-. Derived 
from *wesanan I. Torp-Falk 405; Feist 
568; Pokorný 11171; Vries AMEW 669; 
Zalizniak I 151; Lehmann GED 405; 
Seebold 561; Bammesberger Mom. 143. 

*westiz II sb.f: ON vist 'food, provisions', 
OE wist id., OS wist id., OHG wist id. 
Derived from *wesanan II. Gf. in par- 
ticular Olr feis 'fooď < *ues-t-a. 
Holthausen AEEW 400; Vries AMEW 
669 (to Lat uiscor 'to eať); Seebold 562; 
Lehmann GED 406. 



*westro sb.f: MHG wester 'baptismal 
dress'. Identical with Skt neut. vástra- 
'garmenť, Gk yéaxpa (se. péaxpa)- £v8t)csic;, 
atoXfj, ifiátta (Hes.). Further connected 
with *wasjanan ~ *wazjanan. Frisk 1521. 

*westraz adj.: Burg sbst. *wistr 'Wesť, 
ON adv. vestr 'westwards', OS adv. westar 
id., OFris adv. wester id., OHG westar 
'western'. Derived from *westan. Torp- 
Falk 405; Kobler 715. 

*westr5njaz adj.: ON vestmnn 'western', OE 
westerne id., OS westroni id., OHG westroni 
id. Derived from *westraz. Holthausen 
AEEW 392; Vries AMEW 658. 

*wes(u)15n sb.f: ON hreysi-visla 'weasel', 
OE wesle id., MLG wesele id., OHG wisula, 
wisala id. Somehow may be connected 
with a difficult Gk odérem poq id. < *a- 
piaeX- (Sohrader K£ X 462) or, more 
probably, to *wesalaz (for the semantic de- 
velopment cf. Slav Haška 'caress, weasel'). 
Riegler }VuS IV 420 (to Lat ulsio 'seeing, 
vision'); Wiedemann BB XXVII 207 (to 
Slav *veseh> 'merry'); Suolahti Germanica 
112 (derived from OHG uuiessa 'polecať); 
Torp-Falk 413; Holthausen AEEW 
390; Machek %fslPh XXIII 121 (to a 
mistakenly reconstructed Slav *vblas?>ka 
'Mustela \Tilgaris'); Pokorný I 1141; 
Vries AMEl\ r 255; Frisk I 36; Onions 
996; Kluge-Seebold 890. 

*wetw5 pron.: Goth wit 'we (two)', ON vit 
id., OE wit id., OS wit id. Identical with 
Lith védu id. < *ue-duó (Grimm DGn 343). 
Cf. further Skt gen.-dat.-acc. vam 'both of 
us', Av acc. va 'we two', Slav *vě id. 
Meillet MSL XII 226-228, XIII 208- 
209; Streitberg GE 60; Bartholo- 
mae 1310-1312; Torp-Falk 406; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 400; Prokosch CGG 284; 
Feist 569; Mayrhofer III 188; Pokorný 
I 1114; Fraenkel 1212; Vries AMEW 
669; Onions 996; Lehmann GED 406. 

*webruz ~ *wepraz sb.m.: Goth wiprus 
'lamb', ON vedr 'wether' (traces of u- 
stem), OE wešer id., NFris wether id., OS 
wethar id., OHG widar id. Like many otlier 
words for (young) small cattle (Skt vatsá- 
'calf, Alb vif id. < PAlb *wetuša, Lat uitu- 



wejmiz 



460 



wejanan 



lus id.), derived from *uet- 'year': Hitt 
uitt-, Gk ětoc;, Alb vit, vjet (Johansson 
UUÁ 1927/1 85). Torp-Falk 385; 
Holthausen AEEW 392; Walde- 
Hofmann II 807-808; Feist 571; 
Mayrhofer III 133; Pokorný I 1175; 
Vries ANEW 649; Zalizniak II 205; 
Frisk I 583-584; Onions 1000; Hamp IF 
LXVI 52; Lehmann GED 408; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 162; Orel AED 506-507, 
509; Fvluge-Seebold 888. 

*wez ~ *wíz pron.: Goth weis 'we', ON 
vír id., OE wé id., OFris wi id., OS wl id., 
OHG wir id. Finál *-z is secondary (due 
to the analogy with pl. forms). Related to 
Hitt uěš id., Toch A was, B wes id., Skt 
vayám id., Av vaem id. Acc. Goth uns, ON 
oss, OE ús, OFris us, OS ús, OHG uns-ih 
goes back to *uns- < IE *ns-, related to 
Toch A nás, B fíiš 'we', Skt acc. -gen. -dat. 
nn t id., Av no, m id., Alb ne, na id., Lat 
nos id., Olr ni id., Slav *ny id. Bar- 
tholomae 13357; Torp-Falk 406; Jensen 
ZFXLVIII 122; Holthausen AFE\ 1^385 
Walde-Hofmann II 175-176; Feist 560 
Mayrhofer III 147; Pokorný I 758 
Vries ANEJV 654; Onions 995; Schmidt 
Pron. 167—176 (forms with short vowels 
influenced by duál); Lehmann GED 378, 
400; Orel AED 289; Kxuge-Seebold 
893; Burlak IFTJa 255. 

*wěďiz sb.f.: ON vád 'cloth, piece of stuff' 
(5- and í-stem), OE wéd, wtéde 'article of 
dress', OFris wěd 'garmenť, OS wád id., 
OHG mát id. Derived from *wedanan. 
Torp-Falk 386; Holthausen AEE1\' 
378; Pokorný I 75-76 (to Lith áudžiau, 
áusti 'to weave'); Vries ANE]V 637; 
Zalizniak II 219; Onions 997; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 136; Fvluge-Seebold 876. 

*wědjanan wk.vb.: ON vieda 'to clothe', 
OE widian id., OS wadian id., OHG 
waten id. Derived from *weiiz. Torp- 
Falk 386; Holthausen AEE]V 378; 
Vries AMW 671. 

*wě3az ~ *wě3Íz sb.m.: Goth wegs 
'storm, wave' (dat. pl. wegi?n is from an 
z-stem), ON vágr 'sea, wave', OE weé^ 
'movement, wave, water' (< *we^az and 



*we~3Íz), OFris wlg 'wave', OS wag id., 
OHG wag 'stream, sea'. Derived from 
*wesanan (Wissmann JÍP 1, 14). Cf. Skt 
váhá- 'driving, currenť. Meillet Festschr. 
Andler 251 (originally aťhematic); Torp- 
Falk 383; Holthausen AEEW 379; Feist 
556; Pokorný I 1119-1120; Vries 
AVEir 639; Zalizniak II 191; Seebold 
543; Bammesberger Nom. 63; Kluge- 
Seebold 896. 

*wě3Íz adj.: ON Vďgr 'balancing (of scales), 
lenienť, MLG wěger 'bent, favorable' 
(< comp.), OHG un-wagi 'unimportanť. 
Derived from *wejanan. FvArsten jVB I 
100; Torp-Falk 383; Pokorný I 111 8 
1120; Vries ANEW 671; Seebold 543; 
Matzel Festschr. Schroder 102, 117, iT£ 
CV 114; Heidermanns 661-662. 

*wě3Íz ~ *wě3Ó sb.f: ON vág 'scales, bal- 
ance' (i- and root stems), OE wé^, wé^e 
'weight, balance', OS wága 'lanx', OHG 
waga 'balance'. Derived from *we$anan or 
substantivized *wě3Íz. Torp-Falk 383; 
Holthausen ^££1 1 ' 379; Pokorný 1 1119 
1120; Vries ANEW 638; Zalizniak II 
212; Onions 1000; Kluge-Seebold 869. 

*wě3Janan wk.vb.: ON vsgja 'to give way, 
to yielď, OS wadian 'to move'. Derived 
from *we3anan. Vries ANE1V 671. 

*wě3Jan sb.n.: ON Vďgi 'weight, moment', 
OE se-wtese 'weight, measure', OHG gi- 
wagi 'weight'. Derived from *we^anan. 
Derivationally close to Slav *véža 'tower' 
< *'house on wheels' (Potebnia RFV III 
177; Meringer ~^0G IAY 392). Holt- 
hausen AEEIT 379; Vries ANEW 671; 
Vasmer-Trubachev I 285. 

*wějanan I str.vb.: Goth waian 'to blow', 
OE pres. weéwed id., OFris waja id., MDu 
waien id. Related to Skt váti id., Av váiti 
id., Gk a.r||ji id., Slav *vějati id. Bar- 
tholomae 1406; Torp-Falk 378-379; 
Trautmann BSW 345; Feist 541-542; 
Holthausen AEEW 385; Kluge 845, 
Festschr. Victor 106-108; Mayrhofer 
III 186; Pokorný I 83; Frisk I 26-27; 
Vasmer-Trubachev I 310; Seebold 
539-540; Lehmann GED 388; Kluge- 
Seebold 879. 



wejanan 



461 



wero 



*wějanan II wk.vb.: OSwed via 'to blow', 
OHG wáen id. Derived from *wejanan I. 
Seebold 539. 

*wěnibó sb.f.: ON sond 'expectance', 
OFris wěnthe 'hope', OHG wanida 'opin- 
ion'. Derived from *wěnjanan. Vries 
ANEW 611. 

*wěniz I sb.f.: Goth wens 'expectation, 
hope', ON ván id., OE wén 'supposition, 
opinion', OFris wěn 'idea, opinion', OS 
wfin 'expectation, hope' (mase.), OHG 
wan 'guess, delusion, hope' (mase.). Long 
grade of a root otherwise attested in 
*weniz. Related to Skt vanóti 'to demand, 
to strive for, to like', Lat uenus 'love', Olr 
jiné 'kinship, kin, family'. Derivationally 
close to Toch A waňi, B wlna 'pleasure'. 
Meillet MSL LX 55 (to Lat uenor 'to 
hunť); Torp-Falk 387; Walde-Hofmann 
II 752-753; Feist 561; Holthausen 
AEEW 404; Mayrhofer III 141-142; 
Pokorný I 1147; Vries ANEW 643; 
Zalizniak II 191; Onions 998; Lehmann 
GED 400-401; Bammesberger Nom. 136; 
Heidermanns 670; Keuge-Seebold 871; 
Adams TB 601-602. 

*wěniz II adj.: ON venn 'promising, like- 
ly', OE se-wéne 'perhaps', OS ana-wani 
'suspicious', OHG ana-wani id. Exocen- 
tric derivative of *wěniz I. Karsten JVB 
I 97-98; Torp-Falk 387; Holthausen 
AEEW 404; Vries ANEW 671; Matzel 
KZ CV 111; Lloyd-Springer I 238; 
Heidermanns 670. 

*wěnjanan wk.vb.: Godi wenjan 'to hope', 
ON vana id., OE wínan 'to think, to sup- 
pose', OFris wána id., OS wanian 'to 
fancy, to imagine', OHG wánen 'to sup- 
pose'. Derived from *weniz I. Torp- 
Falk 387-388; Feist 561; Vrtes ANEW 
671; Onions 998. 

*wěpna-lausaz adj.: ON vápn-lauss 
'weaponless', OE wdpen-leás 'unarmeď, 
MLG wapen-los 'weaponless'. Compound 
of *wě~pnan and Hausaz. Carr Nom. comp. 
90 (parallel formations). 

*wěpnan sb.n.: Goth wepn 'weapon', ON 
vápn id., OE wépen id., OFris wěpin id., 
OS wapan id., OHG wáfan id. Related to 



Toch B yepe 'weapon, knife' < *uěb-en- 
(Van Wlndekens SL XXV 125-128). 
Zupitza Gutt. 19; Torp-Falk 391; FCrog- 
mann KZ LXV 143-144 (to Skt aor. vád- 
hím 'to slay, to kilT); Holthausen AEE]V 
380; Feist 561; Vries ANEW 644; Zaeiz- 
niak I 145; Onions 996; Lehmann GED 
401; Kluge-Seebold 870; Adams TB 506. 

*wěra-3an3Jón sb.m.: ON vesringi 'Var- 
angian, Scandinavian', OE wer-^en^a 
'stranger who seeks protection', Langob 
ware-gang id. Compound of *weraz and 
*3angjón. Stender-Petersen APS VI 26 
(originally, 'member of a trade compan- 
ionship'); Holthausen AEE1 V 381; Carr 
Nom. comp. 53; Vrtes ANEW 671-672. 

*wěran sb.n.: ON var 'spring'. Related to 
Skt vasantá- id., Av vanri id., Gk eexp id., 
Lat uěr id., Lith vasara 'summer', Slav 
*vesna 'spring' and influenced phonetically 
by *jeran (Porzig Gliederung 110-111). 
Walde-Hofmann II 755; Pokorný I 1174; 
Vries ANEW 644-645; Frisk I 432-433; 
Huld JIES XVIII 420 (adds Toch A wsar 
'heap of grain', B ysare 'grain'). 

*wěraz adj.: Burg *wers 'true', OFris wěr 
id., OS war id., OHG war id. Related to 
Lat uěrus id., Olr fir id., W gwír id. See 
*wero. Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 50; Torp- 
Falk 395; Wissmann NP 1 1 7 (from Itálie 
or Celt); Holthausen AEE]V 381; 
Walde-Hofmann II 768; Pokorný I 
1166; Seebold IF LXXVIII 146-162; 
Lehmann GED 350; Kobler 714; Hei- 
dermanns 671-672; Fvluge- Seebold 871. 

*wěrjaz adj.: ON vien 'comfortable, tran- 
quil', OHG wari 'true'. Derived from 
*weraz. Torp-Falk 395; Vries ANEW 
672; Sevilla Rodríguez Festschr. Adrados 
455-458. 

*wěro sb.f: ON pl. várar 'pledge, plighť, 
OE wdr 'covenant, agreement, pledge', 
MLG ware 'truth', OHG wara 'union, 
agreement'. Identical with Slav *véra 
'belief, faiťh' and maybe Gk Hom acc. sg. 
f|pa 'kindness'. Cf. *wěraz. Hirt PBB 
XXIII 337 (Slav < Gmc); Meillet Etudes 
169; Torp-Falk 395; Holthausen 
AEEW 381; Wissmann Postv. 115-121 



wero 



462 



wira-aldiz 



(isolates *wero from *weraz)\ Feist 484; 
Pokorný I 1165; Dybo VSJa 26; Vries 
ANEW 645; Zalizniak I 148; Frisk I 
641; Vasmer-Trubachev I 292-293; 
Chantraine 415; Onions 992; Lehmann 
GED 350; Heidermanns 672. 

*wěsan sb.n.: Icel vás 'aura refrigerans', 
Du waas 'haze, misť. Glose to Skt vasa- 
'perfume, fragrance', Litli visa 'coolness' 
(Persson Beitrdge 11-12). Further con- 
nected with *wejanan I. Holthausen IF 
LXII 152; Mayrhofer III 197-198 
(against comparison with Skt); Pokorný 
I 83; Fraenkel 1232. 

*wětaz adj.: ON vátr 'weť, OE wét id., 
OFris wět id. A vrddhi form related to 
*watnan ~ *watar. Identical wiuh Hier. 
Luw wida- 'watery' (Watkins FuW 373- 
374). Karsten JVB I 31; Torp-Falk 
384; Holthausen AEEW 381; Pokorný I 
80; Vries ANEW 648; Onions 1000; 
Darms Vrddhi 13-24, 450; Bammesberger 
Nom. 255; Heidermanns 676—677. 

*wětjanan wk.vb.: ON veta 'to wet, to 
make weť, OE wétan 'to moisten, to weť, 
OFris wěta id. Derived from *wetaz. 
Torp-Falk 384; Holthausen AEEW 
381; Heidermanns 677. 

*wětjón sb.f.: ON vieta 'wetness, sleet, 
rain', OE wéte 'wet, moisture'. Derived 
from *wětai. Holthausen AEEW 381; 
Vries AMEW 672. 

*wětón sb.m.: ON váta-ďrífa 'fall of sleeť, 
OE wtéta 'wet, moisture'. Substantivized 
*wetaz. Holthausen AEEW 381; Hei- 
dermanns 677. 

*wičtuwón sb.f: Goth widuwo 'widow', 
OE widuwe id., OFris widwe id., OS widowa 
id., OHG wituwa id. Etymologically 
connected with Skt vidhává id., Av viSavá 
id., Lat uidua id., Olr Jedb id., OPrus 
widdewú id., Slav *vbdova id. Bartho- 
lomae 1 443; Torp-Falk 411; Trautmann 
BSW 357; Holthausen AEEW 393; 
Walde-Hofmann II 785-786; Feist 562; 
Mayrhofer III 211; Pokorný I 1128; 
Zalizniak I 156; Onions 1006; Vasmer- 
Trubachev I 281—282; Szemerényi 
Kinship 85; Ltndeman Verschdrfung 1.4; 



Lehmann GED 402; Bammesberger Nom. 
179; Beekes R'Z CV 181-182; Kluge- 
Seebold 895. 

*wičíuz sb.m.: ON vifir 'tree, forest, wooď, 
OE widu, wudu 'wooď, OS wido-hoppa 
'hoopoe', OHG witu 'wooď. Etymologic- 
ally identical with Olr fid 'tree, wooď, 
W gwydd. Cf also Hom "I8r| < *uiduá 
(Gindin apud Trubachev VJa XXXIII/2 
26). Torp-Falk 411; Holthausen AEE\ I ' 
393; Detschew Thr. 214; Pokorná' 11177; 
Vries AJVEJV 660; Zalizniak I 152; 
Onions 1012; Bammesberger JVom. 155. 

*wixslan ~ *wixslaz sb.n./m.: ON á 
víxl 'across', OS wehsal 'change, ex- 
change', OHG wehsal id. Related to Lat 
acc. uicem id. Zupitza Gutt. 210; Torp- 
Falk 407 (to *wíkanan); Walde-Hofmann 
II 781-782; Pokorný I 1131; Vries 
ANEW G71; Kxuge-Seebold 877. 

*wixslójanan wk.vb.: ON víxla 'to cross, 
to put across', OE wíxlan 'to change', 
OFris wixlia id., OS wehslon id., OHG 
wehsalon id. Derived from *wixslan ~ 
*wixslai. Holthausen AEE] V 402; Vrbís 
ANEW 670. 

*wikon sb.f: Goth wiko 'sequence, tófyq , 
ON vika 'week, nautical mile', OE wicu 
'week', OFris wike id., OS wika id., OHG 
wehha id. Derived from *wlkanan (Grien- 
berger Got, 241). Kjajge DS 187 (tíre 
meaning 'week' developed under the influ- 
ence of Lat uicem 'exchange'); Torp-Falk 
407; Holthausen ^££11" 392; Feist 563 
(against Grienberger); Pokorný I 1131 
(to Lat uicem 'exchange'); Vrtes ANEW 
662; Zalizniak I 156; Onions 997; Leh- 
mann GED 403; Fvluge-Seebold 895. 

*wippójanan wk.vb.: Icel vippa 'to see- 
saw', ME wippen 'to tremble', MLG 
wippen 'to rock, to swing', OHG wipfon 
'to wander'. Of imitative origin. Vries 
XV£íť667. 

*wira-altiiz sb.f: ON ver-qld 'worlď, OE 
weor-old id., OFris warld id., OLFrank 
wer-old id., OHG wer-alt id. Compound 
of *wiraz and *aldiz. Torp-Falk 20; 
Holthausen AEEIT 390; Onions 1012; 
Kluge-Seebold 885. 



wira-J)eudo 



463 



witenan 



*wira-|5eučto sb.f.: ON ver-pjód 'mankind, 
men', OE wer-deód 'nation, people'. 
Compound of *wiraz and *peudo. Carr 
Nom. comp. 53. 

*wira-wulfaz sb.m.: ON varg-úlýr 'were- 
wolf, Norw var-ulf id., OE were-wulf id., 
MLG wcr-wulf id., MHG wer-wolj id. 
Compound of *wiraz and *wulfaz with 
various taboo modifications in individual 
languages (e.g. with *wiraz replaced by 
*war^az in ON). On the other hand, cf. 
an alternativě reconstruction *wazi-wuljaz 
with the first component related to *was- 
janan ~ *wazjanan. The Gmc word for 
werewolf wiH be then semantically identi- 
cal with Slav *vblko-dlakb 'werewolf, with 
*dlakb to *dlaka 'animal hair, fur'. Vries 
ANEW 646; Onions 1000; Anikin BS 
231-233. 

*wiraz sb.m.: Goth wair 'man', ON ven 
id., OE wer id., OFris wer- id., OS wer id., 
OHG wer id. Belongs to IE *uiros 'man': 
Lat uir, Olr fer, W gwr. Other forms 
reflect *ulros like Skt vira- id., Av vira- id., 
Umbr ueiro id., Lith výras id. Bartho- 
lomae 1453; Hirt Idg. Gr. II 187 (*-i- : 
*-i- originally in compounds); Torp-Falk 
412; Trautmann BSW 360; Holthau- 
sen AEEW 391; Walde-Hofmann II 
796-797; Feist 544; Porzig Gliederung 
124; Mayrhofer III 238-239; Pokorný 
I 1177-1178; Dybo VSJa 24 (pretonic 
shortening of *í in Gmc, Celt and Lat); 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 101; Fraenkel 
1258; Vries ANE]V 657; Zalizniak I 137; 
Schulze Kl. Schr. 398 (long *-i- from IE 
*ueies 'strength'); Lehmann GED 389-390; 
Bammesberger Nom. 74; Schrijver LL 
354 (follows Dybo); Kluge-Seebold 885. 

*wisko sb.f: ON visk 'wisp', OE wisc id., 
MLG mase. wisch id., OHG mase. wisc 
id. Identical widr Lat uirga 'branch, twig' 
< *uizga. Kogel IFW 317; Wood CPh 
VII 334 (to Lat uíscus 'mistletoe'); Torp- 
Falk 413; Holthausen AEEW 399; 
Walde-Hofmann II 797-798; Pokorný I 
1134; Vries ANEW 668; Onions 1003; 
Kluge-Seebold 894. 

*wisnojan wk.vb.: ON visna 'to wither', 



OE wisnian, weosnian 'to wizen, to dry up', 
OHG wesaněn 'to wither'. Derived from 
*wlsanan. Torp-Falk 413; Holthausen 
AEEW 399; Onions 1010 (to Lat wěsco 
'to shrink up, to shrivel'); Seebold 548; 
Fsluge-Seebold 862. 

*wissaz adj.: Goth un-wiss 'uncertain', 
ON viss 'certain', OE se-wis id., OFris 
wiss id., OS wiss id., OWG gi-wis 'definite, 
certain'. Derived from *waita. Continues 
*uid-to- as in Skt vittá- 'known', Gk oao- 
xo<; 'unknown', Olr rofess 'it is known', 
Slav *véstb 'known' (with secondary 
vocalism). FsArsten MB II 309; Torp- 
Falk 410; Feist 171, 364; Holthausen 
^££71' 399; Feist 526; Pokorný I 
1125-1126; Vries ANEW 669; Vasmer- 
Trubachev I 304; Seebold 534; Leh- 
mann GED 130-131; Bammesberger 
Nom. 249; Heidermanns 681-682; Fvluge- 
Seebold 322-323. 

*wissín sb.f: Goth mip-wissei 'awareness, 
consciousness', OHG gi-wissl 'attempt, 
proof. Derived from *wissaz. Feist 364; 
Heldermanns 68 1 . 

*wisun<laz sb.m.: OE wesend id., MDu 
wesent id., OHG wisant, wisunt id. ON 
vísundr 'bison-ox' is a LG loanword. 
Related to *waison due to the specific 
smell of the male animal. Charpentier 
MO VI 128-129 (to OPrus wis-sambrs 
'aurochs'); Schrader-Nehring II 60 
(samé as Charpentier); Torp-Falk 413 
(to *wes(u)lon and further to Lat uírus 
'stench'); Búga IORJaS XVII/1 45-46; 
Petersson Heter. 39-40; Holthausen 
AEEW 391; Petersson A£ XLVII 131 
(to Skt visana 'horn'); Pokorný I 1134; 
Vries ANE1\' 669; Kluge-Seebold 894. 

*wita-lausaz adj.: ON vit-lauss 'widess', 
OE wit-leás id., Fris wit-las id., MLG wit- 
los id. Compound of *witan and *lausaz. 
Carr Nom. comp. 61. 

*witan sb.n.: ON vit 'consciousness, sense, 
intelligence', OHG gi-wiz 'knowledge'. 
Derived from *waita. Seebold 534. 

*witěnan wk.vb.: Goth witan 'to keep 
watch over', OHG gi-wizzen 'to be- 
come reasonable'. Derived from *waita. 



witenan 



464 



wij)an 



Structurally close to Lat video 'to see', 
Slav *vidéti id. Torp-Falk 409-410; 
Walde-Hofmann II 784-785; Feist 
569; Vries AMEW 669; Seebold 534; 
Lehmann GED 407. 

*witÍ3az ~ *witu3az adj.: ON vitugr 
'clever', OE witÍ3 'having knowledge, 
sagacious, wise', MLG wittich 'clever', 
OHG sbst. wizago 'propheť. Derived 
from *witan. Torp-Falk 410; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 401; Vries ANE]\' 670. 

*witjan sb.n.: Goth un-witi 'foolishness, 
ignorance', OE witt 'right mind, wits', 
OFris wit 'joke, comprehension', OS gi- 
wit 'understanding', OHG wizzi id. Cf. 
ON adj. qr-viti 'out of one's senses'. 
Derived from *waita. Close to Skt vidya 
'knowledge'. Holthausen AEE] V 401; 
Feist 526; Mayrhofer III 256; Pokorný 
I 1125-1127; Vries AMEW 669; Seebold 
534; Lehmann GED 379, 407; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 65. 

*wit5n sb.m.: Goth un-wita 'ignorant, fool', 
ON viti 'signál, beacon', OE wita 'wise 
man', OFris wita 'witness', OS měn-gi- 
wito 'falše witness'. Derived from *witan. 
Torp-Falk 4 1 0; Holthausen AEE] V 400; 
Feist 526; Vries AMEW 670; Seebold 
534; Lehmann GED 379; Bammesberger 
Mom. 173. 

*witóbaz adj.: Goth sbst. witop 'law', Run 
sbst. vitada-halaiban, OE witod 'appointed, 
ordaineď, OFris sbst. witat 'wafer', OS sbst. 
witut 'law', OHG sbst. wizzod id. Parti- 
ciple of unattested wk.vb. *witojanan. De- 
rived from *waita. Wood MEJVXXI 41 
(to Skt neut. vidátha- 'distribution'); Torp- 
Falk 410; Feist 570; Lehmann GED 407. 

*witriz adj.: ON vitr 'wise', OE witer 
'knowing, wise'. Close to Gk i'8pi<; 'skill- 
ful, clever'. Further related to *waita. 
FCarsten MB II 447; Torp-Falk 410; 
Holthausen AEE] V 401; Pokorný I 
1127; Vries AME]V 670; Frisk I 357; 
Seebold 534; Heidermanns 682. 

*witulaz adj.: ON mann-vitull 'simple, 
dull-witteď, OE fore-witol 'foreknowing' . 
Derived from *witan. Holthausen AEE] V 
401; Heidermanns 682-683. 



*wipi-foainan sb.n.: ON vid-beina 'collar- 
bone', OE wido-bán id., OFris widu-běn id., 
MLG wede-ben id. Compound of *wipiz 
and *bainan. Holthausen AEE] V 393; 
Carr Mom. comp. 53; Vries AME]\ 7 659. 

*wibiz sb.f: Gotii kuna-wida 'fetter, corď, 
ON vid 'withy', MLG wede 'fetter', OHG 
wid 'thin branch, fetter'. Related to Av 
vaěti- 'willow', Gk ixéa id., Lith vytis 'wil- 
low branch', Slav *vitb id. and other 
derivatives of *uei- 'to braiď. Bartho- 
lomae 1314; Torp-Falk 406; Traut- 
mann ASII 7 347; Feist 315—316; Pokorný 
I 1122; Vries AMEW 659; Fraenkel 
1268; Frisk I 743-744. 

*wibj5n sb.f: ON vidja 'withy', OE widde 
'tírong, corď, OFris withe 'band, fetter', 
MDu wide id., OHG witta 'head-banď. 
See *wifiiz. Torp-Falk 406; Holthausen 
AEEW 402; Vries AME]V 659; Onions 
1010; Lehmann GED 222. 

*wibra-werbaz adj.: Goth wifrra-wairps 
'opposite', OE wider-weard 'contrary, 
adverse, hostile', OHG widar-wert 'adverse, 
hostile'. Derived from *wipra(n) and *wer- 
t>az. Feist 571; Lehmann GED 34, 408. 

*wi|5ra(n) prep.: Goth wipra 'against, 
opposite', ON viir id., OE wiSer id., 
OFris wither id., OS withar id., OHG 
widar id. Comparative in *-ter- based on 
IE *ui-, cf. Skt vitarám 'fardrer', Av vítara- 
'further one, later one'. Bartholomae 
1439; Torp-Falk 411; Holthausen 
AEE] r 401; Feist 570-571; Mayrhofer 
III 207; Pokorný I 1176; Vries AMEW 
660; Onions 1010; Lehmann GED 408; 
Fvluge-Seebold 888. 

*wlfoan sb.n.: Burg *wif 'wife, woman', 
ON vij 'woman', OE wíj id., OFris wif 
id., OS wíf id., OHG wtb id. Of uncer- 
tain origin. Torp-Falk 412 (to *waib- 
janan); Tavernier-Vereecken RBPH 
XXXII/1 97-99 (to *weíanan); Bezzen- 
berger K~^ XLI 282 (from *ueik-po-, cf. 
Skt viš-páti 'lord of the house', nr-pa- 
'prince, king'); Printz IF L 132-135; 
Holthausen AEE]V 395; Pokorný I 
1132; Vries AME]V 661; Zalizniak I 
145; Onions 1006; Kobler 714; Kluge- 



wijjan 



465 



wixanan 



Seebold 879-880 (to Lith vaíkas 'child'); 
Adams TB 238 (to Toch A kip, B kwipe 
'shame', with the semantic development 
'shame' > 'pudenda' > 'woman'). 

*wíhójanan ~ *waifoójanan wk.vb.: 
ON koma ad vífandi 'to arrive as by 
chance', OHG weibon 'to waver'. Con- 
nected with *waibjanan. Vries AME]V 
661; Lehmann GED 74. 

*wítla-fapmjaz adj.: ON víd-faSmr 'wide- 
fathoming', OE wid-fadme 'broad-bosomeď. 
Compound of *widaz and *fapmjaz (see 
*Jafrmaz). Carr Mom. comp. 67. 

*wíčtaz adj.: Burg *wids 'wide', ON víir 
id., OE wíd id., OFris wid id., OS wíd id., 
OHG wit id. Probably related to *wiiuz. 
The semantic relation of the latter to 
Lith vidiis 'middle' is similar to that of 
Lith medis 'wooď to Skt mádhya- 'middle'. 
Karsten TV® II 304; Prellwitz K^ 
XLVIII 153-154 (to Skt part. vitá- 'ver- 
folgen'); Torp-Falk 412; Holthausen 
AEEW 393; Trier Lehm 50; Pokorný I 295; 
Vries AME] 1^660; Onions 1005; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 252; Kobler 714; Heider- 
manns 678-679; Keuge-Seebold 884. 

*wíčtibó sb.f.: ON vídd 'width', EFris 
widte id., MLG wídde id. Derived from 



'iďjana 



Vries AMEW 659. 



*wídjanan wk.vb.: ON vida 'to widen', 
OHG witen id. Derived from *wídaz. 
Vries AME~W 6b9; Heidermanns 679. 

*wíti5t adv.: ON vida 'widely', OE wide 
id., OS wido id., OHG wito id. Derived 
from *wiiaz. Vries AMEW 659. 

*wÍ3a-xarčtuz adj.: ON víg-hardr 'hardy 
in war', OE wí^-heard 'stout in íight, 
hardy'. Compound of *wi^an and *xarduz. 
Carr Mom. comp. 6 1 . 

*wÍ3a-líkaz adj.: ON víg-ligr 'martial, 
doughty', OS un-wig-lik 'non-militanť, 
OHG wig-lih 'militanť. Derived from 



v wi^az 



Heidermanns 663. 



*wÍ3a-mannz sb.m.: ON vig-mair 'war- 
rior, champion', OE wíymann 'man of 
war, soldier', OS wíg-man 'warrior, 
champion', OHG wig-man id. Compound 
of *wi$an and *mannz. Carr Mom. comp. 
79 (parallel formations). 



*wi3an sb.n.: ON vig 'fight, batde', OE wís 
id. Derived from *wixanan ~ *wí^anan. 
Structurally close to Olr jich 'quarrel'. 
Torp-Falk 408; Holthausen AEEW 
395; Vries AJ\EJV 661; Onions 1006; 
Seebold 544-545; Bammesberger Mom. 
60; Kluge-Seebold 881. 

*wi3a-sako sb.f.: ON víg-sqk 'prosecution 
for manslaughter', OS wig-saka 'fighť. 
Compound of *wi^an and *sako. Carr 
Mom. comp. 85 (parallel formations). 

*wÍ3az adj.: Burg sbst. *wigs 'fighter', ON 
nigr 'in fighting statě, serviceable', OE 
or-wi^e 'defenseless', MHG wige 'milit- 
anť. Derived from *wíxanan ~ *wí^anan. 
Holthausen AEEW 426; Vries AMEW 
662; Seebold 545; Matzel KZ CV 96; 
Kobler 714; Heidermanns 662—663 (OE 
derived from *wí^an). 

*wl3Íslón sb.f.: ON vígsla 'consecration, 
ordination', MLG wigelse id. Derived from 
*wi^janan ~ *wíxjanan. Vries AJ\EJV 662. 



*'wi3janan 



Wixjanan wk.vb.: ON 



vígja 'to consecrate', OFris wiga id., OS 
wihian id., OHG wihen id. Derived from 
*uilxaz. Vries AME]V 661; Lehmann 
GED 398; Kxuge- Seebold 881-882. 

*wixan sb.n.: ON vé 'temple', OE wíh 
'idol' (mase), OS mih 'shrine', OHG mik- 
in. Substantivized *wixaz. Holthausen 
AEEW 398; Vries AMEW 648; Benve- 
niste IEL 450; Lehmann GED 398; Hei- 
dermanns 663. 

*wlxanan ~ *wi3anan str.vb.: Goth wei- 
han 'to dispute, to fighť, ON vega 'to fight, 
to fence', OE wi^an 'to fighť, OHG ubar- 
wehan 'to overcome'. Forms with *-e- are 
secondary (Falk-Torp MD 1362). 
Connected with Gk Ě7iÍ-£ikto<; 'uncon- 
querable', Olr fichim 'to fighť, Lat uinco 
'to conquer', Lith veikiú, véikti 'to carry 
out, to do' (Froehde BB XXI 207). 
Zupttza Gutt. 72, 142; Torp-Falk 408; 
Trautmann BS}[' 339; Holthausen 
AEEW 395; Walde-Hofmann II 791 
792; Feist 557; Jóhannesson IEW 
113-114; Porzig Gliederung 195; Po- 
korný I 1128-1129; Chemodanov SGGJa 
I 66-67; Fraenkel 1213-1214; Vries 



wixanan 



466 



wma-čtrunkanaz 



AJVE]V 650; Frisk I 536; Seebold 
544-545; Benveniste IEL 450; Lehmann 
GED 397-398; Kluge-Seebold 881. 

*wíxaz adj.: Goth weihs 'holý', OE WÍ3- 
bedd 'altar', OS wih-dag 'holiday', OHG 
wih 'holý'. Deríved from *wixanan ~ 
*wi3anan (for the development of mean- 
ing cf. Lith viekas 'life force' from the 
samé IE *uak-). Karsten MB I 28-29; 
Zupitza Gutt. 142; Torp-Falk 408-409; 
Braune PBB XLIII 398-404; Schulze 
Kl. Schr. 573-574; Feist 557-558; 
Walde-Hoffmann II 782, 791-792; 
Holthausen AEEW 398; Baetke EG 
55-57 (to Skt vinákti 'to sift, to separate', 
Lat uictima 'sacrificial animal'); Trter 
Lehm 48—49; Porzig Gliederung 167; 
Pokorný I 1 1 28; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
87; Fraenkel 1239; Vries AMEW 649; 
Fírause SUR 66—67 (to Lat uinció 'to 
bind, to tie up'); Benveniste 450-452; 
Scardigli Gokn 219-221; Lagy JIES 
VII 287-296; Lehmann GED 398-399; 
Bammesberger Mom. 240; Heidermanns 
663-664; Kxuge-Seebold 882. 

*wíxěnan wk.vb.: Goth weihan 'to conse- 
crate, to dedicate', OE ful-wian 'to bap- 
tize'. Derived from *wixaz. Torp-Falk 
409; Feist 557; Lehmann GED 398; 
Heidermanns 663. 

*wTxibó sb.f: Goth weihipa 'holiness', 
OFris witha 'relic', OS wíhitha 'sanctity, 
sacramenť, OHG wihida id. Derived 
from *wixaz or *wiyjanan ~ *wixjanan. 
Feist 557; Benveniste IEL 450; Lehmann 
GED 398; Heidermanns 663. 

*wíxon sb.m.: Goth weiha 'priesť, ON 
theon. Vél Odin's brother. Derived from 
*wixaz. Feist 556-557; Benveniste IEL 
450; Heidermanns 663. 

*wíxsan sb.n.: Goth weihs 'village'. Based 
on an j-stem found in Toch B ike 'pláce, 
location' < *ueikos- and Lat uílla 'house' 
< *ueiks-la (if not with *-sl- suffix). Fur- 
ther related to Skt víš- 'settiement, tribe, 
race', Av acc. vis- 'house, court', Gk oíkoi; 
'house', Slav *vbsb 'village'. Zupitza Gutt. 
192; Bartholomae 1455- 1457; Torp- 
Falk 409; Walde-Hofmann II 790-791; 



Feist 558; Mayrhofer III 205-206; Po- 
korný 11131; Vries AME1 V 649; Frisk II 
360-361; Onions 1005; Vasmer-Trubachev 
I 305; Benveniste IEL 252, 450-452; 
Lehmann GED 399; Adams TB 63. 

*wíkanan str.vb.: ON víkva, víkja 'to turn, 
to move', OE wícan 'to yielď, OFris wlka 
'to turn, to move', OS pret. sg. wěc id., 
OHG wíhhan 'to cedě, to weaken'. 
Related to Skt vijáte 'to heave, to speed, 
to flee', Lith svíegiu, svíegti 'to throw'. 
Torp-Falk 407; Holthausen AEE]V 
392; Jóhannesson IEW 114-116; Mayr- 
hofer III 204-205; Pokorný I 1131; 
Vries AMEW 663; Fraenkel 953; See- 
bold 545-546; Bammesberger Mom. 237; 
FCluge-Seebold 880. 

*wlk5 sb.f: ON vík 'bay, a small creek' 
(traces of a cons. stem), OE wíc 'bay', 
MLG wik id. Derived from *wíkanan. 
Torp-Falk 407; Holthausen AEEh' 
392; Vries AMEW 662. 

*wílan sb.n.: OE vil Vile, device'. Close to 
Mír Jeli 'deception', Lith vylius 'fooling, 
cunning, deceiť, further related to Lith 
viliú, vilti 'to deceive'. Torp-Falk 413; 
Pokorný I 1140; Fraenkel 1251, 1254- 
1255; Vries ANE^V 663 (to Skt vayati 'to 
vanish, to become exhausteď). 

*wina-bal3Íz sb.m.: ON vín-belgr 'wine- 
skin', OE wín-bel^ id. Compound of 
*wínan and *Ža/jú. Carr Mom. comp. 82 
(parallel formations). 

*wína-bazjan sb.n.: Goth weina-basi 
'grape', ON vín-ber id., OE wín-beri(^)e id. 
(fem.), OS win-beri id., OHG win-beri id. 
Compound of *winan and *bazjan. Feist 
559; Carr Mom. comp. 69 (parallel forma- 
tions); Lehmann GED 400. 

*wlna-buril5n sb.m.: ON vín-byrli 'cup- 
bearer', OE wín-byrele 'vintner'. Com- 
pound of *winan and *burilon. Carr Mom. 
comp. 82 (parallel formations). 

*wina-(frunkanaz ~ *wína-čtrunke- 
naz adj.: ON vín-drukkinn 'drunken with 
wine', OE win-druncen id., OHG win- 
truncan id. Compound of *winan and 
*dmnkanaz ~ *trunkenaz. Carr Mom. comp. 
90 (parallel formations). 



wma-fatan 



467 



wisin 



*wina-fatan sb.n.: ON vín-fat 'wine-vať, 
OE wín-fiet id., MLG wín-fat id., OHG 



wm-faz id. Compound of 



nriiian anc 



*fatan I. Carr JVom. comp. 80 (parallel 
formations). 

*wína-3arčtaz ~ *wina-3arčtón sb.m.: 
Goth weina-gards 'vineyarď, ON vín-gardr 
id., ON win-yard id., OS wín-gardo id., 
OHG wín-garto id. Compound of *wínan 
and *3ariaz, 3ardon. Feist 559; Carr 
Mom. comp. 69 (parallel formations); 
Stender-Petersen Germ.-slav. 365-367 
(on Slav *vino-gorďb id. < Gmc); Lehmann 
GED 400; Kluge-Seebold 892. 

*wína-xúsan sb.n.: ON vín-hús 'tavern, 
wine-house', OE wín-hús id., MLG wín- 
hús id., OHG wín-hús id. Compound of 
*wínan and *xúsan. Carr Mom. comp. 80 
(parallel formations). 

*wínan sb.n.: Goth wein 'wine', ON vín id., 
OE wín id., OFris win id., OS wín id., 
OHG wín id. An old borrowing from Lat 
uínum (Sturtevant Language X 6—8). 
Kuhn KZ I 191; Jellinek ^DADL LXVI 
126; Holthausen AEE]V 396; Feist 
558; Vries AMEW 664 (ON < OE or 
MLG); Zalizniak I 145; Onions 1008; 
Merlingen Urh. Idg. 412; Lehmann GED 
399; Kluge-Seebold 882. 

*wina-trewan sb.n.: Goth weinci-triu 
'vine', ON vín-tré id., OE wín-treów id. 
Compound of *wínan and Hrewan. Feist 
559; Carr Mom. comp. 82 (parallel forma- 
tions); Lehmann GED 399. 

*wípanan str.vb.: Goth weipan 'to crown, 
to encircle', OHG part. bi-wifen 'un- 
happy'. Related to Latv viibt 'to wince, 
to grimace', Lat uibro 'to move trem- 
blingly' (Trautmann <ř/IIJVII 268-269). 
Torp-Falk 412; Walde-Hofmann II 
780-781; Feist 559; Pokorný I 1131 
1132; Fraenkel 1236-1237; Seebold 
546-547; Lehmann GED 400; Kluge- 
Seebold 890. 

*wíraz sb.m.: ON vín 'wire', Swed dial. vir 
'wire', OE wír id., MLG wíre id. Related 
to Olr fiar 'crookeď, Lith vairús 'diverse, 
various' (Osthoff Morph. Unt. rV 164). 
Noreen Abnfi 31; Brate ~í/[IJ X 678 



(from Celt); Torp-Falk 406; Holthausen 
AEEW 398-399; Walde-Hoffman II 799 
(Lat pl. uiriae 'armlets, bracelets' < Celt) 
Pokorný I 1122 (to IE *uei- 'to winď) 
Fraenkel 1 182-1 183; Vries AjYEW 667 
Onions 1008. 

*wísa-<Í5maz sb.m.: ON vís-dómr 'knowl- 
edge, intelligence', OE wís-dóm 'wisdom, 
experience', OFris wís-dom id., OS wís-dom 
id., OHG wis-tuom id. Derived from *wísaz. 
Carr Mom. comp. 58; Onions 1009; 
Hetdermanns 665; Kluge-Seebold 884. 

*wisa-líkaz adj.: ON vís-ligr 'certain', OE 
wís-líc 'wise, discreeť, OS wis-lík 'wise, 
intelligenť, OHG wís-líh id. Derived 
from *wísaz. Heidermanns 665. 

*wlsanan str.vb.: ON part. visinn 'wilted, 
withereď, OHG part. wesan 'weak, tireď. 
Distantly related to Lat uiesco 'to wilť, W 
gwyw 'fadeď, Lidr výstu, výsti 'to wither'. 
Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 74, 252; Torp-Falk 
413; Walde-Hofmann II 787-788; 

JÓHANNESSON IE] i' 111; POKORNÝ I 

1123; Fraenkel 1265; Vries AMEW 668; 
Seebold 548; Kluge-Seebold 862. 

*wísaz adj.: Goth un-weis 'ignorant', ON 
víss 'certain, wise', OE wís 'wise, discreet, 
judicious', OFris wís 'wise, intelligenť, 
OS wís 'learned, clever, wise', OHG wís 
'wise, clever'. Continues *ueid-s-o- derived 
from the j-stem of IE *ueid- 'to know', cf. 
Skt jatá-vedas- 'having whatever is born 
or created as his property; knowing [or 
known by] all created beings'. Derived 
from *waita. Karsten MB II 342; 
Osthoff Morph. Unt. rV 77 (< *ueid-to-, 
as in Lat uísus, part. of uideo 'to see'); 
Torp-Falk 410; Meillet WuS XII 19; 
Feist 171; Holthausen AEEW 399; 
Trier ~DA' XLVI 625-635; Pokorný I 
1127; Fraenkel 1212-1213 (from *ueid-s-); 
Vries AMEW 668-669; Onions 1009; 
Seebold 533; Lehmann GED 130-131; 
Bammesberger Mom. 256; Heidermanns 
664-665; Kluge-Seebold 883 (OHG 
wisi 'wise, understanding' < *ueid-tio- 
similar to Slav *věščb 'knowing' < *uoid- 
tio-). 

*wisín sb.f: Goth hindar-weisei 'deceitful- 



W1S111 



468 



wiwon 



ness, guile', ON visi 'knowledge, science', 
OHG vmsl 'wisdom'. Derived from *wuaz. 
Feist 257; Vries ANEJV 668; Heider- 
manns 665. 

*wísjanan wk.vb.: Goth fulla-weisjan 'to 
make informed, to instruct thoroughly', 
OFris wisa 'to show', OS wísian id., OHG 
wlsen 'to call, to make known'. Derived 
from *wlsaz. Torp-Falk 410; Feist 
171-172; Vries ANEW 668; Lehmann 
GED 153. 

*wís5n I sb.m.: ON visi 'guide, leader, 
captain', OE wisa 'leader, director, cap- 
tain', OS balu-wiso 'devil', OHG wlso 
'leader'. See *wísjanan. Holthausen 
AEEW 399; Vries ANEW 668; Kluge- 
Seebold 883. 

*wís5n II sb.f.: ON visa 'strophe', OE wíse 
'way, manner', OS wlsa id., OHG wisa 
id. Cf. also WGmc *wisó > OE wis 'man- 
ner, way', OFris wis id. Probably, from 
*ueid-s- or *ueid-t- further related to 
*waita. Heinertz SVSL VII 141-161 (to 
*wisjanan); Torp-Falk 410; Holthausen 
AEEW 399; Pokorný I 1127; Vries 
ANEW 668; Zalizniak II 181; Onions 
1009; Kluge-Seebold 883. 

*wísójanan I wk.vb.: Goth ga-weíson 'to 
visiť, OS wison id., OHG wison id. De- 
rived from *wisaz. Loewe KZ XXXLX 
307 (from Lat uiso 'to visiť); Brugmann 
Grundrifi 11/ 3 55 (-s- from desiderative IE 
*-s-); Gůntert IFXXX 136; Torp-Falk 
410-411; Feist 210; Pokorný I 1125; 
Onions 418; Lehmann GED 153. 

*wísójanan II wk.vb.: ON visa 'to show, 
to direcť, OE wísian 'to show the way, to 
guide, to direcť. Derived from *wisaz. His- 
torically identical with *wisojanan I. Torp- 
Falk 410; Holthausen AEEW 399; 
Heidermanns 665; Kluge-Seebold 883. 

*wísón sb.f: OESc ret-visa 'justice', OHG 
wlsa 'wisdom'. Derived from *wísaz. 
Heidermanns 665. 

*wíta3Ójanan wk.vb.: ON vitka 'to be- 
witch', OE wíte^ian 'to prophesy', OFris 
witgia id., OHG wizagon id. Derived from 
*wita3on. Holthausen AEEW 400; 
Vries ANE}\' 670; Kluge-Seebold 883. 



*w!ta3on sb.m.: ON vitki 'wizarď, OE 
wíte^a 'wizard, propheť, OHG wizago 
'propheť. Substantivized adj. *wita^az > 
OHG wizag id. Derived from *waita. 
Holthausen AEEW 400; Vries ANEW 
670; Kluge-Seebold 883. 

*witan sb.n.: Goth id-weit 'reproach, dis- 
grace', OE ed-wit 'reproach, disgrace', 
OHG ita-wíz 'disgrace'. Derived from 
*witanan. Holthausen AEEW 88; Feist 
290; Lehmann GED 203. 

*wítanan str.vb.: Goth fra-weitan 'to 
avenge', OSwed vita 'to accuse, to blame', 
OE wítan 'to charge, to blame', OFris 
wita 'to guarď, OS pres. witan 'to re- 
proach', OHG wizan 'to punish, to 
rebuke'. Derived from *waita. Torp- 
Falk 409; Feist 167; Holthausen 
^££11 '400; Jóhannesson IEW 116-118 
Pokorný I 1 125-1 127; Vries ANE]V 669: 
Onions 418, 952; Seebold 550-551 
Lehmann GED 127; Kluge-Seebold 862. 

*wítjan sb.n.: ON víti 'fine, sconce', OE 
wíte 'punishmenť, OFris wite id., OS wití 
id., OHG wizi id. Derived from *witanan. 
Holthausen ^££11' 400; Vries ANEW 
670; Lehmann GED 127; Seebold 550, 
Sprache XLX 170—171 (reconstructs *ueiH- 
'to pursue, to approach'). 

*wibjaz ~ *wíbj6 sb.m./f: ON viSir 'wil- 
low', MLG wide id., OHG wida id. Cf. 
also OE mase. wídis id. Related to vari- 
ous semantically similar derivatives of IE 
*uei- 'to turn, to weave': Lat ultis 'vine', 
Olr féith 'libra', Lith vytis 'willow roď. 
Further connected with Gk txéa 'willow'. 
Cf. also *wi\)iz which may be the imme- 
diate source of derivation. Torp-Falk 
406; Holthausen ^££Iť 401; Walde- 
Hofmann II 804; Pokorný I 1122; 
Fraenkel 1268; Vries ANEW 659; 
Zalizniak II 176; Frisk I 743; Kluge- 
Seebold 880-881. 

*wíw5n sb.m.: ON lang-ví 'a kind of birď, 
MLG wie, wige 'harrier', OHG wlo id. 
Unclear. Neub Tierb. 168-170 (to IE 
*ui- 'two' because of the forked tail); 
Kluge-Seebold 881 (to Lat avis 'birď or 
to Skt syená- 'eagle', Gk íktívoc; 'kite'). 



wlaitojanan 



469 



womaz 



*wlaitójanan wk.vb.: Goth wlaiton 'to 
look arounď, ON leita 'to look for, OE 
wlátian 'to gáze, to look'. Derived from 
*wlitanan. Torp-Falk 420; Holthausen 
AEEW 402; Feist 571-572; Pokorný I 
1136-1137; Vries ANEW 352; Seebold 
563; Lehmann GED 408. 

*wlispaz adj.: Norw dial. leisp 'lisping', 
OE wlisp id., MDu lisp id., OHG lisp 
id. Of imitative origin. Torp-Falk 420; 
Holthausen AEEW 403; Pokorný I 
1143; Heidermanns 684-685; Kluge- 
Seebold 521. 

*wlitiz sb.m.: Goth wlits 'face, appear- 
ance', ON litr 'color' (a-stem), OE wlite 
'aspect, countenance', OFris wlite 'face, 
apearance', OS wliti 'image, appearance'. 
Derived from *wlltanan. Schweizer KZ 
I 154; Torp-Falk 420; Holthausen 
AEEW 403; Feist 571-572; Pokorný I 
1136 (to Lat uultus 'appearance, expres- 
sion'); Vries ANEW 359; Zalizniak II 
205; Hamp IF LXXXVII 79-81 (to Olr 
fili 'seer'); Lehmann GED 408; Kluge- 
Seebold 45. 

*wlit(j)an sb.n.: Goth anda-wleizn 'face' 
(with unclear auslaut), ON á-lit 'appear- 
ance, view', OE wlita 'face' (mase), OHG 
ant-lizzi id. Derived from *wlitanan or 
directly from *wliúz. Grienberger Goten 
24; Holthausen AEEW 403; Feist 48; 
Pokorný I 1 136; Vries ANEW 9; Zaliz- 
niak II 205; Seebold 563; Lehmann GED 
35; Lloyd-Springer I 280-283; Kluge- 
Seebold 45. 

*wlítanan str.vb.: ON lita 'to see', OE 
wlítan 'to look, to gáze'. Of unknown ori- 
gin. The unusual anlaut is an obstacle to 
a reasonable etymology. Zupltza Gutt. 
34; Torp-Falk 420; Holthausen AEEW 
403; Feist 571-572; Jóhannesson IEW 
158; Pokorný I 1136-1137; Vries 
ANEW 358; Seebold 563-564 (to Lat 
uultus 'face', W gweled 'to see' < *uel-); 
Hamp IF LXXXVII 79-81 (contamina- 
tion of *uel- 'to see' and *ueid- id.); 
Lehmann GED 408; Kluge-Seebold 45. 

*w5čtanaz sb.m.: ON theon. Obinn 'Odin, 
the highest god of the Germanic pan- 



theon', OE Wóien id., OS Woden id., 
OHG Wuotan id. Derived from *wodaz. 
Holthausen AEEW 403; Vries ANEW 
416; Onions 997; Benveniste 92, 247; 
Bammesberger Nom. 82. 

*wóčtaz adj.: Goth wolps 'possesseď, ON 
ódr 'mad, frantic, furious', OE wód 'maď. 
Related to Lat uates 'seer, propheť, Olr 
fáith id. Torp-Falk 414; Marstrander 
NTS VII 337-338; Feist 572-573; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 403; Walde-Hofmann 
II 737-738; Thieme Festschr. Wňler 
656-666; Pokorný I 1113; Chemodanov 
SGGJa I 103; Blum PBB LXXXII 
189-195; Vries ANEW 416; Onions 997; 
Wissmann A1VNP 67; Lehmann GED 409; 
Heidermanns 685-686. 

*wóčtaz ~ *wód5 sb.m./f: ON ódr 
'mind, wit, soul, sense', OE ellen-wód 
'zeal', MDu woet 'madness', OHG wuot 
'thrill, violent agitation'. Substantivized 
*wodaz. Cf. also a structurally similar W 
gwawd 'poem'. Torp-Falk 414; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 403; Vries ANEW 416; 
Lehmann GED 409; Kluge-Seebold 900. 

*w5dín sb.f: ON te&i 'rage, fůry', OHG 
wuoti 'madness'. Derived from *wodaz. 
Vries ANEW 684; Heidermanns 685. 

*wóčtjanan wk.vb.: ON móa 'to rage', OE 
wédan 'to be mad, to be furious', OS wodi- 
an 'to rage', OHG wuoten 'to be insane, 
to rage'. Derived from *wó~daz. Holt- 
hausen AEEW 403; Vries ANEW 684; 
Heidermanns 686. 

*w5kraz ~ *wókran sb.m./n.: Goth 
wokrs 'interest, xokoi;', ON okr 'usury', OE 
fem. wócor 'inerease, fruit, offspring', 
OFris woker 'interest', MLG woker id., 
OHG wuohhar 'yield, gain'. A long-grade 
form morphologically similar to Skt ugrá- 
'powerful, mighty', Av ugro id. Further 
see *aukanan. Bartholomae 380; Torp- 
Falk 380; Holthausen AEEW 403; Feist 
572; Mayrhoeer I 98-99; Pokorný I 85; 
Zalizniak II 176; Lehmann GED 409; 
Kluge-Seebold 898. 

*w5maz sb.m.: ON ómr 'sound, voice', 
OE wóm 'sound, noise'. Continues *wop- 
m-az derived from *wopjanan (Rozwa- 



womaz 



470 



wrain(j)on 



dowski Qu. Gr. I 422). Uhlenbeck PBB 
XXII 193, XXVII 135; Torp-Falk 414. 

*w5mjanan wk.vb.: Norw ema 'to squeak, 
to whisper', OE wéman 'to sounď. 
Derived from *wómaz. Torp-Falk 414. 

*wópan ~ *wópaz sb.n./m.: ON óp 'cry- 
ing, shouting', OE wóp 'cry, wailing', OS 
wóp 'crying, shouting', OHG wuof id. 
Back formation of *wópjanan I (Wissmann 
Postil. 46-47). Torp-Falk 414; Holt- 
hausen AEEW 405; Pokorný I 1109; 
Vries AM.W 419; Zalizniak II 173; 
Bammesberger JVom. 98. 

*w5pjanan I str.vb.: OE wépan 'to weep', 
OFris wěpa 'to shouť, OS wopian 'to 
bewail', OHG wuqfan 'to weep'. See 
*wopjanan II. Schweizer K£ I 154 (to 
Skt hváyati 'to invoke, to call'); Sohmidt 
KZ I 283-286; Persson Bátrage 494- 
495; Froede BB XVII 319 (to Lat uSgio 
'to cry, to squall'); Petersson PBB 
XXXVIII 322; Torp-Falk 414; Holt- 

HAUSEN AEEW 404; JÓHANNESSON IEW 

104; Pokorná' I 1109; Vries ANEW 
684; Onions 998; Vasmer-Trubachev I 
263; Stang LS 60; Seebold 564-565; 
Lehmann GED 409. 

*w5pjanan II wk.vb.: Goth wopjan 'to 
call', ON oipa 'to cry, to shouť, OHG 
wuofen 'to weep'. Derived from *w5pjanan 
I. Structurally identical with Slav *vabiti 'to 
call, to summon' (Rozwadowski Qu. Gr. 
I 422). ZuprrzA Gutt. 46; Uhlenbeck 
PBB XXII 193, XXVII 135; Torp-Falk 
414; Trautmann BSW 336-337; Feist 
572; Porzig Gliederung 144; Jóhannesson 
IEW 104; Chemodanov SGGJa I 83; Vries 
,4jVE7r684; Seebold 564. 

*w5ra3az ~ *w6rÍ3az adj.: OE wéris 
'weary, tireď, OS worag, worig id., OHG 
wuorag 'intoxicateď. Derived from *woriz 
> Burg *woris 'tired, intoxicateď related 
to Gk atapoq, mpot; 'sleep' (Benfey Wurzd- 
Lex. I 298). Holthausen AEEW 404; 
Pokorný I 72; Frisk I 205; Kobler 715. 

*wósaz ~ *wósan sb.m./n.: Norw os 
'steam, smoke', OE wós 'moisture, juice' 
MLG wos 'must, broth'. Cf. WGmc 
mase. *wasan > MLG wase 'wet ground'. 



Related to Gk áapóv Xovxfipa, t\ 
Jtpóxouv (Hes.). Torp-Falk 404 (to Latv 
vaša 'floor wetness'); Pokorný I 1171- 
1172; Frisk I 433. 

*wóstaz adj.: OE wéste 'waste, desert, 
empty', OFris w ost 'devastateď, OS wostí 
'desert, barren', OHG wuosti 'empty, 
lonely, forlorn, desert'. Identical with Lat 
uástus 'desert, barren', Olr fás 'forlorn, 
uninhabited, desert, empty'. Torp-Falk 
414; Holthausen AEE]V 404; Walde- 
Hofmann II 737; Pokorný I 345-346; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 1 03; Heidermanns 
688; Fvluge- Seebold 900. 

*wó]3Jaz adj.: Goth wopeis 'pleasant, sweet, 
charming', ON comp. mdri 'higher', OE 
wíoe 'sweet, gentle, mild', OS comp. 
wothiera 'more pleasant', OHG wuodi id. 
Derived from *wodaz. Grienberger 
Got. 244 (from *eue-t-, cf. Goth prop. 
Eutha-ricus); Torp-Falk 414; Petersson 
PBB XXXVIII 323-324 (to Skt vamá- 
'dear, fair, noble'); Wood Poskons. 62, 
109 (to cpráxiov 7tpoa<pi^.éq Hes.); Feist 
572; Holthausen AEEW 404; Fowkes 
Goth. 54—55 (to Skt svadí- 'savory, sweeť); 
Vries AJ\EJV 684; Lehmann GED 409; 
Matzel K~ CV 132; Heidermanns 689. 

*wraixaz adj.: Swed dial. vra 'averse, 
sulky, glum', ME wráh 'twisted, stubborn'. 
Identical with Gk poÍKOQ 'bent, crookeď, 
Litli ráišas 'lamě'. Torp-Falk 418; Traut- 
mann BSW 236; Pokorný I 1158-1159; 
Fraenkel 690, 730-731; Frisk II 656; 
Illich-Svltych IA 69; Huld 116 (to Alb 
rreth 'hoop, rim (of a wheel)'). 

*wraikwaz adj.: Goth wraiqs 'crooked, 
curveď, OFris wrak id. Identical with Gk 
paiPói; 'benť (Aufrecht K£ XII 400). 
Fay K~ XLV 113 (to Gk pí^a 'rooť); 
Zupitza Gutt. 95; Torp-Falk 415; Feist 
573; Pokorný I 1158; Vries A/VETK438; 
Frisk II 639; Lehmann GED 409-410; 
Heidermanns 689—690. 

*wrain(j)6n sb.m.: ON ráni 'stallion', OS 
wrěnio id., OHG reino, wreinno id. Of 
unknown origin. Cf. OE wréne 'lascivous' 
that indicates the originál adjectival 
meaning. Holthausen AEE]ť 406- 



wrain(j)on 



471 



wrekanan 



407; Specht 81 (close to Skt vfsan- 'man, 
male (of animals)' but without -s-); 
Pokorný I 81; Vries ANEW 439. 

*wraistjanan wk.vb.: ON reista 'to turn, 
to twist', OE wréstan 'to wrest, to twist'. 
Derived from *wristiz. Torp-Falk 419; 
Holthausen AEE]V 407; Onions 1014. 

*wraitjanan wk.vb.: ON rátá 'to scratch', 
OHG rážen 'to irritate'. Derived from 
% wňtanan. Torp-Falk 418; Seebold 567. 

*wraituz sb.m.: ON rátr 'furrow', OHG 
ráz 'line'. Derived from *wňtanan. Torp- 
Falk 418; Seebold 567. 

*wrai|5az adj.: ON reiSr 'angry', OE 
wrád id., OS wreth id., OHG reid 'frizzy, 
curly'. Derived from *wripanan. Torp- 
Falk 418; Holthausen AEEW 407; 
Vries ANEW 437; Onions 1015; Bammes- 
berger Nom. 237; Heidermanns 691-692. 

*wrai|rjanan wk.vb.: ON reida 'to anger', 
OS wrěthian 'to become angry', OHG 
reiden 'to make curly'. Derived from 
*wraipaz. Karsten NB I 59-60; Torp- 
Falk 418; Holthausen AEEW 407; 
Pokorný I 1 1 59-1 1 60; Vries ANE< V 437; 
Piirainen 55-56; Heidermanns 692. 

*wraibjó sb.f: ON rádi 'wrath', OE wrtéd, 
wréSu id., MLG wrěde id. Derived from 
*wraipaz. Holthausen AEEW 407; 
Vries ANEW 437. 

*wrakaz sb.m.: Goth wraks 'pursuer', OE 
wrec 'what is driven' (gender unknown). 
Derived from *wrekanan. Torp-Falk 
416; Holthausen AEEh r 406; Feist 
573; Seebold 569; Lehmann GED 410. 

*wrakjanan wk.vb.: Goth wrakjan 'to per- 
secute', OE wreccan 'to raise'. Derived from 
*wrekanan. Torp-Falk 416; Holthausen 
AEEW 401; Feist 573; Vries ANEW 440- 
441; Seebold 569; Lehmann GED 410. 

*wrakjó sb.f: Goth wrakja 'pursuiť, OFris 
wretse id., OHG recke-gerna 'vindictive'. 
Derived from *wrakó. Feist 573; See- 
bold 569; Bammesberger Nom. 114. 

*wrakó sb.f: Gouh wraka 'pursuiť, OE 
wracu 'pain, suffering, misery'. Derived 
from *wrekanan. Feist 573; Seebold 
569; Bammesberger jYom. 109. 

*wran3az ~ *wrankaz adj.: Gep *wranks 



'twisteď, ON rangr 'crooked, wrong', OE 
sbst. wran3 'wrong', MLG wrank 'sour, 
sharp, bitter'. Derived from *wren^anan. 
Torp-Falk 417; Holthausen AEE)V 
406; Vrtes ANEW 433; Onions 1015; 
Kobler 715; Heidermanns 692—693. 

*wran3Ď sb.f: ON rqng 'timber(s)', OE 
wran^(a) 'hold of a ship', MLG wrange 
'wale'. Derived from *wrenjanan. Cf. 
also ON rá 'corner, nook' < *wranxo. 
Mikkola IF XXIII 120-121 (to Slav 
*rqka 'hand, arm'); Holthausen AEE]f 
407; Vries ANEW 458. 

*wraskwaz adj.: ON rqskr 'valiant, bold, 
brave', MLG rasch 'strong, powerful', 
OHG adv. rasco 'energetically, lively'. De- 
rived from *wreskwanan. Karsten NB II 
296; Torp-Falk 341, 417; Schwentner 
PBB XLVIII 84-85; Wissmann NP 
133; Kluge 582 (to *xrapaz); Vrtes 
ANEW 458; Onions 740; Piirainen 53; 
Heidermanns 693-694. 

*wraskwín sb.f: ON reskvi 'efficiency', 
OHG reski 'liveliness, fervor'. Derived 
from *wraskwaz. Heidermanns 693. 

*wrat5janan wk.vb.: Goth wraton 'to tra- 
vel', ON rata 'to wander abouť. Unclear. 
Scheftelowitz BB XXLX 44 (to Arm 
galť 'to travel'); Wood MLN XVI 308; 
Torp-Falk 416 (to Skt vrndá- 'crowd, 
swarm'); Feist 573-574; Pokorný I 1153 
(to IE *uer- 'to turn'); Vries ANE1V 434 
(to Gk paSwóc; 'slender, taper'); Lehmann 
GED 410. 

*wre35janan wk.vb.: ON riga 'to move', 
OE wri^ian 'to turn'. Related to Gk 
póaaců 'to strike, to trample'. Pokorný 
I 1181; Frisk II 643-644; Kluge- 
Seebold 898. 

*wrextjanan wk.vb.: ON rétta 'to raise, to 
set up', MLG wrechten 'to drive'. Derived 
from *wrekanan. Vrtes ANEW 442. 

*wrekanan str.vb.: Goth wrikan 'to perse- 
cute', ON reka 'to drive, to chase', OE 
wrecan 'to drive, to press', OFris wreka 'to 
pursue, to follow', OS wrekan 'to repay, to 
punish', OHG rehhan 'to pursue, to pun- 
ish'. Related to Skt vrájati 'to stride, to go, 
to walk', Lith veržiú, véržti 'to bind, to 



wrekanan 



472 



wntan 



squeeze', Slav *vbrzQ, *verzti 'to binď. 
Zupitza Gutt. 170; Torp-Falk 415-416; 
Trautmann BSÍV 342; Feist 574; Hol- 
thausen AEE\V 407; Walde-Hofmann 
II 839-840; Jóhannesson IEW 172-173; 
Mayrhofer III 276-277; Pokorný I 
1181; Fraenkel 1230-1231; Mezger K~ 
LXXVI 179; Vries AJfEW 440; 
Fraenkel 1225; Onions 1014; Seebold 
568-569; Lehmann GED 410; Kluge- 
Seebold 662; Adams TB 609-610 (to 
Toch B werke 'chase, hunt, hunting'). 

*wrekaz adj.: Burg sbst. *wriks 'persecu- 
tor', ON aptr-reka 'driven back (by stress 
of weather)', OHG wreh 'banisheď. 
Derived from *wrekanan. Kobler 715; 
Heidermanns 694. 

*wrempanan str.vb.: MLG wrimpen 'to 
grimace, to wince'. Identical with Gk 
pé|ifko 'to turn in circles' (Persson Beit- 
ráge I 498). Torp-Falk 417; Pokorný I 
1153; FriskII 648-649. 

*wren3anan str.vb.: OE wrin^an 'to 
wring, to twist', WFris wringe 'to wring', 
MLG wringen id., OHG ringan 'to fighť. 
Identical with Lith rengiú, reňgti 'to pre- 
pare, to set up' (Lottner K^ XI 200). 
Aufrecht KZ XII 400; Zupitza Gutt. 
170; Torp-Falk 416-417; Holthausen 
AEEW 408; Pokorný I 1155 (from 
*ureng"h-); Fraenkel 719-720; Onions 
1015; Seebold 570; Lehmann GED 411; 
Ktuge-Seebold 688. 

*wreskwanan str.vb.: Goth ga-wrisqan 'to 
bear fruiť, ON part. roskinn 'to grow'. 
Unclear. Uhlenbeck PBB XXX 283 (to 
Skt vrhá- 'tree'); Dlefenbach VW I 241 
(to W gwrysg(en) 'branch'); Scheftelowitz 
KZ LVIII 132 (to Av varsSa- 'shrub'); 
Zupitza Gutt. 90; Torp-Falk 417; Feist 
213; Pokorný I 1167; Vries AMEW 451; 
Seebold 571. 

*wrěkiz adj.: ON rekr 'reprehensible, 
banisheď, OFris in-wrěsze 'driven in, 
penetrating' . Derived from *wrekanan. 
FvArsten M I 103; Torp-Falk 416; 
Wissmann NP 113; Seebold 569; Matzel 
Festschr. Schroder 100-101, 117, KZ CV 
109; Heidermanns 694-695. 



*wrěkjanan wk.vb.: ON rekja 'to refuse, 
to rejecť. Derived from *wrekanan. Struc- 
turally close to Skt pra-vrájayati 'to banish'. 
Vries ANEW 456; Pokorný I 1181. 

*wrěkó sb.f: ON klauf-rák 'driving of cat- 
tle', OE wrdc 'vengeance', OFris wrěke id., 
OS wraka id., OHG rahha id. Cf. also 
Goth wrekei 'persecution' . Derived from 
*wrekanan. Torp-Falk 416; Holthausen 
AEEW 406; Vries ANE]V 432, 456; 
Seebold 569; Fvluge-Seebold 662. 

*wrě|5uz sb.m.: Goth wripus 'herd' (leg. 
*wrepus), ODan vrath 'herd of twelve pigs', 
OE wrdd, wrdd 'bandage, band, flock'. 
Close to Skt vrata- 'troop, swarm, flock'. 
Torp-Falk 416; Holthausen AEEh' 
406; Feist 574-575; Mayrhofer III 280; 
Pokorný I 1151; Chemodanov SGGJa I 
106; Vries AMEW 431; Benveniste IEL 
48; Lehmann GED 411. 

*wrisjon sb.m.: ON risi 'gianť, OHG riso 
id. Cf. a derivative in OS wrisi-llk 'enor- 
mous'. Probably related to Gk píov 'peak, 
headland' < *uriso- (Bezzenberger apud 
Walde-Pokorny I 267; Lidén Festschr. 
Kuhn 144-145: to Thrac Ppíos 'wall, town' 
< *uriio-) unless the latter is from *urso- 
and connected with Slav *vbrxb 'top'. 
Detschew Thr. 86; Vries ANE]\ r 447 (to 
Slav *vbrxb 'top'); Pokorný I 1 152; Frisk 
II 658. 

*wristiz sb.f: ON rist 'wrist, ankle', OE 
wrist 'wrisť, OFris wirst id., MLG wrist 
id., OHG mase, neut. rist id. Derived 
from *wripanan (Johansson IF XLX 
117). Probably connected with Lith ríešas 
id. (Persson Beitráge 343). Torp-Falk 
418-419; Holthausen AEEW 409 
Pokorný I 1159 (reconstructs *wrixs-t-) 
Fraenkel 730; Vries AME1V 448 
Zalizniak II 212; Onions 1015; Seebold 
566 (< *wrixstiz, to OHG part. gi-rigan 
'woven'); Stang LS 45; Heidermanns 
691; Fvluge-Seebold 688. 

*writan sb.n.: ON rit 'writing', OE writ 
'writing, wriť. Derived from *wrltanan. 
Torp-Falk 418; Holthausen AEEW 
409; Pokorný I 1163-1164; Vries 
AMEW 448; Zalizniak II 191; Onions 



wntan 



473 



wulfaz 



1015; Seebold 567; Lehmann GED 
410-411; Bammesberger JVom. 130. 

*wribilaz ~ *wribulaz sb.m.: ON úiull 
'tufť, MLG wrědel 'stick holding a bundle 
together', OHG řídil 'hairbanď. Cf. also 
OE under-wrádel 'belť. Derived from 
*wrlpanan. Holthausen AEE]\' 406; 
Vries AMEW 444. 

*writiz sb.m.: Godr writs 'šerif, OHG riz 
'stroke, character'. Derived from *wrltanan. 
Torp-Falk 418; Feist 574; Seebold 567. 

*wrftanan str.vb.: ON ríta 'to scratch, to 
write', OE wrítan 'to cut (a figuře), to draw, 
to write', OFris part. -writen 'to write', OS 
wrítan 'to tear, to write', OHG ňzan 'to 
tear, to scratch'. Of uncertain origin. 
Sommer HL 231 (to Lat rima 'cleft, 
crack'); Torp-Falk 343, 418; Schroder 
ZDADL LXI 57-58; Holthausen AEEW 
409; Jóhannesson IEW 154; Pokorný I 
1163—1164 ((/-present compared with 
*uer- 'to tear, to scratch'); Vries AME]ť 
448; Onions 1015; Seebold 566-567; 
Lehmann GED 410-411 (to IE *uer- 'to 
tear, to scratch'); Fvluge-Seebold 677. 

*wrfto(n) sb.f.: ON rit 'shield decorated 
with carvings', OE wgter-write 'water- 
clock', OHG riza 'compass'. Derived 
from *writanan. Holthausen AEE]ť 
409; Vries AMEW 448. 

*wrij)anan str.vb.: ON rída 'to winď, OE 
wrí&an 'to twist', OHG rídan 'to turn'. 
Related to Lith riečiú, riesti 'to unbenď 
(Lidén Ani. 4-6). Wood MP IV 495; 
Torp-Falk 418; Holthausen AEEW 409; 
Jóhannesson IEW 141-149; Pokorný I 
1159-1160; Fraenkel 729-730; Vries 
AMEW 444; Onions 1015; Seebold 
567-568. 

*wro3Íz ~ *wrÓ3az sb.m.: Goth wrohs 
'complaint, accusation', ON róg 'quarrel, 
calumny' (neut.), OFris ruogie 'accusation, 
charge', MLG wroge id., OHG ruog 'quar- 
rel'. Derived from *wre^qanan. Lewy 
PBB XXXII 142 (to Slav *rěkti 'to speak'); 
von Sabler KZ XXXI 283 (to Litír riejú, 
ríeti 'to scold loudly'); Torp-Falk 419; 
Feist 575; Jóhannesson IEW 172 (to Av 
urvaxra- 'heať); Pokorný I 1162-1163; 



Vries AMEW 450; Lehmann GED 411; 
Kluge-Seebold 695. 

*wr53Janan ~ wróxjanan wk.vb.: Goth 
Jřa-wrohjan 'to suspect, to accuse', ON 
rcegja 'to accuse', OE wrítan 'to accuse, to 
denounce', OFris wrogia 'to accuse', OS 
wrogian id., OHG ruogen id. Derived from 
*u>ró3Íz ~ *wr5yiz. Zupitza Gutt. 143; 
Lewy PBB XXXII 142 (to Lith úhrn, rekti 
'to shout, to roar', Slav *rekq, *rekti 'to 
say'); Torp-Falk 419; Holthausen 
AEEW 409; Feist 575; Lehmann GED 
411; Fvluge-Seebold 695. 

*wr5tanan str.vb.: OE wrótan 'to turn up 
with the snout, to root up', OHG wk. 
ruozen 'to plow'. Probably related to Lat 
rádo 'to gnaw' (Schulze iC£ LV 112). 
A possible connection with *wrotiz has to 
be considered. Lidén KZ LVI 218- 
220; Torp-Falk 419 (to Slav *oerdb 
'harm'); Holthausen AEEW 409; Walde- 
Hofmann II 439-440; Pokorný I 1 163 
1 164; Seebold 571; Fvluge-Seebold 697. 

*wrótiz sb.f: ON rót 'rooť. Related to Lat 
radix id., Gk pá8i^ id., W gwridd id. 
Further see *wurtiz. Torp-Falk 397; 
Walde-Hofmann II 415; Pokorný I 
1167; Vries AMEW 452; Frisk II 
637-638; Onions 773; Griepentrog 
Wurzdnomma 458—460. 

*wrót6 sb.f: ON rót 'rolling up', OE wrót 
'snout, trunk', LG wróte id. Related to 
*wrótanan. Holthausen AEE]V 409; 
Pokorný I 1167; Vries AMEW 452; 
Onions 773 (to Lat rodo 'to gnaw'). 

*wr5t5janan wk.vb.: ON rota 'to dig', 
OFris wrota id. Derived from *wrotanan. 
Torp-Falk 419; Onions 773; Vries 
AMEW ^2; Seebold 571. 

*wulfaz sb.m.: Goth wulfs 'wolf, ON uljr 
id., OE wulf id., OFris wolf id., OS wulf 
id., OHG wolf id. Assimilated to *wulfaz 
from *wulxwaz, cf. *femfe. Related to 
Toch B walkwe id., Skt víka- id., Av vshrka- 
id., Gk Xvkoí; id., Alb ujk id., Lat lupus id. 
(borrowed from Sabinian or assimilated 
like in Gmc), Lith vilkas id., Slav *vblkb 
id. (Fórsterman KZ I 494). Zupitza 
Gutt. 16; Bartholomae 1418-1419; 



wulfaz 



474 



wundran 



Torp-Falk 415; Trautmann BSW 359; 
Holthausen AEEW 410; Walde- 
Hofmann I 836-837; Feist 576; Mayr- 
hofer III 240-241; Pokorný I 1 1 78 
1179; Fraenkel 1251-1252; Vries 
ANEW 632-633; Zalizniak I 137; Frisk 
II 143-144; Onions 1011; Ivanov BLS 
152-152 (parallelism between ON prn. 
UlJ-bJQrn, OHG prn. }Vulf-bero and Slav 
*vblko-dlakb 'werewolf'); Vasmer-Trubachev 
I 338; Lehmann GED 411-412; Orel 
AED 484; Kluge-Seebold 896. 

*wul3wiz sb.f.: ONylgr 'she-wolf. Cf. also 
OHG wulpa id. (with *-t-). Feminine form 
of *wulfaz. Close to Skt vrki 'female wolf'. 
ZuprrzA Gutt. 16; Streftberg UGG 111— 
112, 125 (ON -g- < *3w before -j- in gen. 
*ulkhds); Torp-Falk 415; Mayrhofer III 
240, Festschr. Leroy 131; Pokorný I 
1178-1179; Lehmann GED 411-412; 
Bammesberger Nom. 112. 

*wulk(a)nan sb.n.: OE wolcen 'clouď, OFris 
wolken 'clouď, OS umlkán id., OHG wolcan 
id. Related to *welkaz and further to Olr 
folc 'stream', Lith vilgau, vilgyti 'to moisten', 
Latv valgs 'damp, moisť, Slav *vblgbkb 
'weť, *volga 'wetness, liquiď. Structurally 
identical with Maced hydronym "OXyavoc; < 
*ulgano- (Tomaschek Thr. 11/ 2 94) and 
Latv velgans, valgans 'weť. ZuprrzA Gutt. 
169; Pedersen Kelt. Gr. I 59; Torp-Falk 
402-403; Trautmann BSW 337, 358; 
Holthausen AEE1 V 405; Detschew Thr. 
340; Pokorný I 1145-1146; Fraenkel 
1251; Onions 999; Vasmer-Trubachev I 
337, 340; Kluge-Seebold 896-897 (to 
Slav *ob-volkb 'cloud'). 

*wullo sb.f.: Goth wulla 'wool', ON ull id., 
OE wull id., OFris wolle id., MLG wulle 
id., OHG wolla id. Related to Hitt 
hulaná I í- id., Skt urna id., Av varsna, Gk 
Aíjvoq id., Lat lana id., W gwlan id., Lith 
vilna id., Slav *vblna id. Bartholomae 
1372-1373; Torp-Falk 401; Trautmann 
BSW 359; Holthausen AEEW 410; 
Walde-Hofmann I 756-757; Feist 
576-577; Martinet Gém. 71; Mayr- 
hofer I 116; Pokorný I 1139; Fraenkel 
1253; Vries ANEW 633; Zalizniak I 



148; Frisk II 117-118; Onions 1012; 
Vasmer-Trubachev I 339-340; Tischler 
HEG I 278-279; Lehmann GED 412; 
Lindeman KZ CIII 22-24; Bammesberger 
Nom. 115; Kluge-Seebold 897. 

*wulbuz sb.m.: Goth wulpus 'splendor, ON 
ťheonym Ullr. Identical with Lat uultus, 
uoltus 'facial expression, appearance' 
(Schweizer A"^I 154). On the other hand, 
cf. *wellýaz. Torp-Falk 40 1 ; Kretschmer 
Glotta XXX 144 (to Illyr Voltu- in prop.); 
Holthausen AEEW 410 (on OE wuldor 
'glory'); Walde-Hofmann II 831; Feist 
577; Pokorný I 1136; Chemodanov 
SGGJa 191; Vries AME]V 633; Lehmann 
GED 413; Bammesberger Nom. 159. 

*wundaz adj.: Goth wunds 'woundeď, OE 
wund id., OS wund id., OHG wunt id. 
Participle *untó- of an unattested verb 
*wenanan. Probably related to W ym-wan 
'to batde', Corn ym-wanas 'percussiť. Cf. 
also Arm vandem 'to destroy'. Connected 
with *wanjanan. Torp-Falk 388-389 
Feist 577-578; Holthausen AEEW 410 
Pokorný I 1108; Lerchner 259 
Lehmann GED 413; Bammesberger Nom. 
116 (from IE *g"hnto-); Heidermanns 
696-697; Kluge-Seebold 898. 

*wundiz ~ *wund6 sb.f: ON und 
'wounď, OE wund id., OFris wunde id., 
OS wunda id., OHG wunta id. Substan- 
tivized *wundaz. Holthausen AEEW 
410; Pokorný I 1 108; Vries ANEW 634; 
Zalizniak II 198; Onions 1013-1014; 
Lehmann GED 413; Kluge-Seebold 898. 

*wund5janan wk.vb.: Goth ga-wundon 'to 
wounď, ON unda id., OE wundian id., 
OFris wiindia id., OHG wunton id. 
Derived from *wundiz ~ *wundo. Feist 
577; Vries A/VEIK634; Heidermanns 697. 

*wuntlra-se3wniz sb.f: ON pl. undr-sjónir 
'wonderful sighť, OE wundor-séon id., OHG 
wuntar-siun id. Compound of '''wundran 
and *seswniz. Carr Nom. comp. 53. 

*wundran sb.n.: ON undr 'wonder', OE 
wundor id., OFris wonder id., OS wundar 
id., OHG wuntar id. Continues IE *unro-, 
a suffrxal derivative of IE *uen- 'to wish, 
to love'. See *wunenan. Loewenthal 



wundran 



475 



wurdojanan 



AMF XXXV 239 (to *wuniiz ~ *wundo); 
Torp-Falk 415; Holthausen AEElf 
410; Pokorný I 1146-1147; Vries 
AMEW 634; Zalizniak I 145; Onions 
1011; Kluge-Seebold 898 (to *wendanari). 

*wuněnan wk.vb.: Goth part. un-wunands 
'worried, upseť, ON una 'to be satisfieď, 
OE wunian 'to remain, to dwell', OFris 
wonia, wunia 'to live to stay', OS wunon, 
wonon ' to stay, to be accustomeď, OHG 
woněn id. Related to Toch A waňi, B wln 
'contentmenť, Skt vanóti 'to demand, to 
strive for, to like', Av vanaiti 'to conquer', 
Lat uenus 'love'. Bartholomae 1350- 
1351; Torp-Falk 388; Feist 526-527 
Holthausen AEE]V 410; Walde^ 
Hofmann II 752; Mayrhofer III 141 
Pokorný I 1146-1147; Vries AMEU 
634; Onions 1011; Lehmann GED 379 
Heidermanns 696; Kluge-Seebold 896. 

*vvunj5 sb.f.: OE wynn 'delight, pleasure', 
OS wunnia 'joy', OHG wunna id. Con- 
nected with *wunenan. Derivationally 
close to Lat uenia 'complaisance, indul- 
gence, kindness' (Szemerényi IBK XV 
200-202). Holthausen AEEW 411; 
Walde-Hofmann II 747; Kluge-Seebold 
897 (to *wenjo). 

*wunskjanan wk.vb.: ON ýskja 'to wish', 
OE wýscan id., MLG wúnschen id., OHG 
wunsken id. Derived from *wunsko ~ *wun- 
skaz. Torp-Falk 388; Holthausen AEE] I ' 
412; Vries AMEW 680; Onions 1009. 

*wunskó ~ *wunskaz sb.f./m.: ON ósk 
'wish', MLG wunsch 'wish', OHG wunsc 
id. Derivationally similar to Skt vaňcha 
'wish', vaňchati 'to desire, to wish' with a 
different ablaut grade. Further connected 
with *wuněnan. Torp-Falk 388; Holt- 
hausen AEE]V 41 1; Mayrhofer III 182 — 
183; Pokorný I 1 147; Vries AMEW 421; 
Zalizniak II 176; Onions 1009; Kluge- 
Seebold 898. 

*wurdan sb.n.: Goth waurd 'worď, ON 
ord id., OE word id., OFris word id., OS 
word id., OHG wort id. Identical with 
OPrus wírds id. < *urdho- (Fraenkel BS 
43, 107). Etymologically close to Lat uer- 
bum id., Lith vařdas 'name'. Schweizer 



K£ I 154 (related to Skt grnati 'to call, 
to invoke' and Gk yXtoooa 'tongue'); 
Torp-Falk 415; Holthausen AEEW 
40 Holthausen AEEW 405; Walde- 
Hofmann II 756-757; Feist 554; Porzig 
Gliederung 208; Trier Lehm 76; Pokorný 
I 1163; Chemodanov SGGJa I 67; 
Fraenkel 1198; Vries AMEW 419; 
Zalizniak I 145; Onions 1012; Peeters 
IF XCIV 294; Lehmann Language XVIII 
127, GED 396; Kluge-Seebold 897. 

*wur<la-wlsaz adj.: ON ord-víss 'wise in 
words', OE word-wís id., OS word-wis id., 
MHG word-wís id. Compound of *wurdan 
and *wísaz. C arr Mom. comp. 6 1 . 

*wurčtÍ3az adj.: ON oroigr 'wordy', OE 
wordÍ3 id. Derived from *wurdan. Leh- 
mann GED 396. 

*wur<iiz sb.f: ON Urdr 'fate, one of drree 
Norns', OE wyrd 'fate, fortuně, chance', 
OS wurd 'fate', OHG wurt id. Derived 
from *werpanan. Bringleb ~^dPh LXVII 
1 0-1 1 ; Torp-Falk 398; Holthausen 
AEEW 411; Pokorný I 1157; Vries 
AMEW 635-636; Zalizniak I 151; 
Onions 998; Seebold 560; Bammes- 
berger Mom. 131. 

*wurčtín sb.f: Goth filu-waurdei 'verbos- 
ity', ON sann-yrdi 'truth'. Derived from 
*wurdan. Feist 554; Vries AMEW 679. 

*wurdjan sb.n.: Goth ga-waurdi 'con- 
versation', ON -yrbi 'speech' (in cmpn.), 
OE 3e-wyrde 'speech', OFris ond-warde 
'answer', OS and-wurdi id., OHG ant-wurti 
id. Derived from *wurdan. Derivationally 
close to Lat pro-uerbium 'pro verb'. Holt- 
hausen AEE]\ T 411; Feist 554; Chemo- 
danov SGGJa I 86; Vries AMEW 679; 
Lehmann GED 396; Lloyd-Springer I 
288-289; Kluge-Seebold 45. 

*wurčtjanan wk.vb.: Goth and-waurdjan 'to 
answer', ON yrda 'to talk, to speak', OE 
and-wyrdan 'to answer', OFris and-werda 
id., OS and-wurdian id., OHG ant-wurten 
'to arrange, to assign'. Derived from 
*wurdan. Holthausen AEE]V 411; 
Feist 554; Vries AMEW 679. 

*wurd5janan wk.vb.: ON orda 'to speak', 
OE wordian id., MHG worten id. Derived 



wurdojanan 



476 



wurbiz 



from *wurdan. Holthausen AEEW 405; 
Vries ANEW 420. 

*wurfan ~ *wurfaz sb.n./m.: ON orf 
'scyťhe handle', OHG worb id. Related to 
Gk paniq 'roď, pénto 'to bend', Lith ver- 
piú, veřpti 'to spin' (Fick II 247). Persson 
Wurzelerw. 53; Schrader KZ XXX 481; 
Torp-Falk 415; Trautmann BSW 353; 
Pokorný I 1156; Fraenkel 1227; Vries 
ANEW 420; Frisk II 642-643 (Gk parní 
is based on paitíi^to 'to strike (with a rod 
or a hand)'). 

*wur3Janan wk.vb.: Swed dial. yrga 'to 
lace up', OE wyr^an 'to strangle, to throt- 
tle', OFris wergia 'to kill', OHG wurgen 'to 
strangle'. Related to Lat urgeo 'to press' < 
*urgeio, Lith veržiu 'to bind', Slav *vbrzQ, 
*verzti id. (Persson Beitráge 506). Walde- 
Hofmann II 839-840; Pokorný I 
1154-1155. 

*wurxstwan sb.n.: Goth waurstw 'work, 
activity, evépyeia, epyov'. Derived from 
*wurkjanan. Identical with Av varštva- 
'faciendus'. Bartholomae 1380; Truba- 
chev Etim. 1965 11. 

*wurxtaz adj.: Goth fra-waurhts 'sinful', 
OS far-warht id., MHG ver-worht id. 
Participle of *wurkjanan. Torp-Falk 396; 
Feist 166-167; Lehmann GED 127. 

*wurxtiz sb.f.: Gouh fra-waurhts 'sin', ON 
pl. jýr-urtir 'pretext, excuse', OE ^e-wyrht 
'deed, work', OS far-wurht id., MHG 
wurht 'cause'. Derived from *wurkjanan. 
Cf. *wurxtaz. Torp-Falk 396; Wessén 
ANF XLIV 106; Feist 166-167; Vries 
ANEW 139; Lehmann GED 127; Bammes- 

BERGER Mom. 141. 

*wurkjan sb.n.: Goth ga-waurki 'under- 
taking, business', ON yrki 'work', OE 
3e-wyrce id., MHG ge-wurke id. Derived 
from *wurkjanan. Holthausen AEE]\ t 
411; Feist 555; Vries ANEW 679. 

*wurkjanan wk.vb.: Gouh waurkjan 'to 
work, to do, to make', ONyrkja 'to work', 
OE wyrcan id., OFris werka id., OS workian 
id., OHG wurken id. Derived from 
*werkan. Zupitza Gidt. 200; Torp-Falk 
395-396; Holthausen AEEJ V 411; Feist 
555; Vries A/VET T 139, 679; Lehmann 



GED 396-397; Kxuge-Seebold 893. 

*wurma-3arčtaz ~ *wurmi-3ardaz 
sb.m.: ON orm-gardr 'pit of serpents', OE 
wyrm-^eard 'enclosure full of snakes', MHG 
wurm-garte 'pit of serpents'. Compound of 
*wurmaz ~ *wurmiz and *3ardaz. Carr 
Mom. comp. 11 (parallel formatíons). 

*wurmaz ~ wurmiz sb.m.: Goth waurms 
'snake', ON ormr 'serpenť, OE wyrm id., 
OFris worm id., OS wurm id., OHG wurm 
id. Related to Gk pO|io<;- oKtóA.r|^ Ěv 
^•ĎXoii; (Hes.), Lat uermis 'worm', Lith 
vařmas 'midge' (Schweizer KZ I 154: 
mistakenly adds reflexes of *k"rmi-; 
Zubatý IF VI 156), Alb rume 'rainworm' 
< *urma. A rhyme formation parallel to 
*k"rmi- (Watkins apud Mayrhofer 
ElVAiA I 394). Zupitza Gutt. 18; Torp- 
Falk 415; Trautmann BSW 342; 
Holthausen AEEh r 412; Walde- 
Hofmann II 760; Feist 555-556; Porzig 
Gliederung 209; Pokorný I 1152; 
Chemodanov SGGJa I 60; Fraenkel 
1201; Vries ANEW 420; Zalizniak II 
191; Frisk II 662; Onions 1012-1013; 
Lehmann GED 397; Kluge-Seebold 899; 
Orel IF XCIII 116, AED 386. 

*wurtiz sb.f: Goth waurts 'rooť, ON urt 
'planť, OE wyrt 'plant, herb, rooť, OS 
wurt id., OHG wurz 'herb, plant, rooť. 
Related to Gk pá8iíj 'branch', Alb rrěnjé 
~ rranje 'rooť < PAlb *wradnjá, Lat radlx 
id., W gwraidd id. (zero grade). Bally 
MSL XII 328-329; Torp-Falk 397; 
Holthausen AEEW 412; Walde- 
Hofmann II 415; Feist 556; Pokorný I 
1167; Frisk II 655-656; Vries ANEW 
636; Zalizniak I 151; Onions 1013; 
Orel AED 384; Kluge-Seebold 899. 

*wurbiz sb.f: ON uro 'heap of rocks at the 
foot of a mountain', OE word 'enclosed 
pláce, enclosed homestead, court, halí, 
streeť, OS wurth 'trampled floor'. Related 
to *warjanan. Structurally close to Toch A 
wdrt, B wartto 'foresť, Olr fert 'burial 
mound'. Torp-Falk 395; Holthausen 
AEEW 406; Pokorný I 1162; Vries 
AAEir635; Onions 1013; Lehmann GED 
394; Adams TB 580. 



INDICES* 
GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



Gothic 



aba 1 
abrs 1 
af 1 

afaikan 6 
afar 2 
afara 2 
afdauiťs 70 
afetja 88 
afgut>s 145 
afhlaj)an 175 
afhrisjan 187 
afluapjan 198 
aflet 244 
aflifnan 245 
aflinnan 246 
afmauidai 274 
afskiuban 339 
afslaupjan 349 
afswaggwj an 391 
afswairban 395 
afta 2 
aftana 2 
aftaro 2 
aftaurnan 413 
aftra 3 
aftuma 3 
aftumists 3 
afwalwjan 445 
agan 3 
aggwi^a 1 9 
aggwus 1 9 
agis 3 
aglaitei 3 
agljan 4 
aglus 4 
aha 29 
ahana 3 
ahs 4 
ahtau 5 
ahtuda 5 
ah>a 5 
aibr 406 
aigin 6 
aih 6 
aihtron 6 
aihts 6 



aituatundi 83 

ainaha 8 

ainakls 8 

ainfalj)s 8 

ainlif 8 

ains 9 

air 9 

airinon 9 

airis 9 

air^a 86 

airbakunds 85, 223 

airus 9 

airzeis 86 

airzi{)a 86 

airzjan 86 

aifiei 1 

aibs 10 

aij^au 86 

aiw 1 

aiws 1 

aiz 1 1 

aizasmijja 354 

ajukdujK 1 1 

ak 11 

akran 1 2 

akrs 12 

alabrunsts 58 

Alafonsus 119 

alamans 12 — 13 

alan 12 

aldomo 1 3 

aids 13 

aleina 1 4 

alhs 14 

alja 1 5 

aljaleiko 15 

aljan 1 5 

aljis 1 5 

allawerei 1 6 

aUs 16 

allwaldands 1 6 

alt 13 

alj)eis 1 6 

ams 17 

an 17 

ana 17 



* Do not include forms from references. 



478 



INDICES 



anabiudan 43 
anabusns 65 
analaugns 238 
anaminds 268 
ananan^jan 281 
ananiujan 284 
anapraggan 293 
anasiuns 322 
anastodjan 379 
anatrimpan 409 
anaj)iwan 419 
anawairjjs 456 
anawammjan 445 
and 18 
andabeit 46 
andahafts 149 
andahait 153 
andanem 286 
andanems 286 
andanumts 289 
andasets 328 
andawleizn 469 
andbahti 1 8 
andbahts 1 8 
andeis 1 8 
andilaus 1 8 
andizuh 18 
andstald 370 
andstaldan 370 
andstaurran 384 
andwaurdjan 475 
ans 20 
anses 2 1 
ansts 2 1 
anj^ar 2 1 
apel 21 
aqizi 1 2 
ara 25 
arbaifK 22 
arbi 22 
arbinumja 289 
arbja 22 
arluazna 23 
arjan 23 
armahairtei 24 
armahairti]3a 24 
armahairts 24 
arman 24 
arms 24 
asans 3 1 
asiluqairnus 228 
asilus 25 
asneis 26 
asts 26 
at 26 
atajjni 28 



atbairan 41 
atisk 26 
atochta 2 7 
atta 27 
atjnnsan 42 1 
abn 28 
abban 28 
audags 28 
audahafts 28 
augadauro 28 
augjan 28 
augo 29 
auhns 433 
auhsa 433 
auk 29 
aukan 29 
aurtigards 435 
auso 30 
aujieis 30 
-avia 

awej)i 3 1 
awiliub 243 
awistr 3 1 
awo 31 
azgo 26 

ba 51 
baar 36 
badi 32 
bagms 32 
baidjan 32 
bairan 4 1 
bairgan 42 
bairhtei 42 
bairhtjan 42 
bairhts 42 
baitrs 33 
balgs 33 
balsagga 20 
balbjan 34 
balwawesei 34 
bandi 35 
bandwa 35 
bandwjan 35 
banja 35 
bansts 35 
barizeins 37 
barms 37 
barn 37 
barnisks 37 
bars 36 
batista 38 
batiza 38 
bauan 52 
baur 64 
baurgs 63 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



479 



baurgswaddjus 441 
baurj)ei 64 
baubs 40 
beidan 46 
beitan 46 
bi 44 
bida 45 
bidjan 45 
bigairdan 147 
bigitan 1 33 
bihaitja 153 
bilaibjan 232 
bindan 41 
biniuhsjan 284 
biraubon 298 
bisauljan 320 
biugan 43 
biubs 43 
biwaibjan 440 
blandan 47 
blaubjan 48 
bleibei 49 
bleibjan 49 
bleibs 49 
bliggwan 48 
blinds 48 
bloma 50 
blotan 5 1 
blob 50 

blojjarinnands 50 
bnauan 285 
boga 6 1 
boka 5 1 
bota 52 
botjan 52 
brah) 57 
braidei 53 
braijjs 53 
breen 5 7 
briggan 55 
brikan 55 
brinnan 56 
brinno 56 
broe 54 
brobar 57 
brobrulubo 249 
brukjan 60 
bruks 60 
brunjo 58 
branná 58 
brusts 59 
brubfabs 88 
brabs 59 
bugjan 61 

criten 222 



daddjan 67 
dags 66 
daigs 66 
Danus 68 
daubiba 69 
daufs 69 
daug 69 
dauhtar 78 
dauhts 78 
dauns 69 
daupjan 69 
daur 79 
daurawarda 448 
daurawards 79, 448 
daubjan 69 
daubs 69 
dauims 70 
dishniupan 1 80 
disskreitan 344 
distairan 405 
diswinbjan 456 
diupei 7 1 
diupiba 7 1 
diups 7 1 
dius 7 1 
diwan 72 
domjan 73 
doms 73 
dragan 74 
dragk 74 
dragkjan 74 
draibjan 74 
drauhtinon 77 
drauhtiwitob 7 7 
dreiban 76 
drigkan 75 
driugan 75 
driusan 76 
drobjan 77 
drugkanei 7 7 
drunjus 77 
drus 7 7 
duginnan 1 32 
dulgs 78 
dulbs 79 
dumbs 79 
dwaliba 81 
dwals 8 1 

ei 203 
eisarn 204 
Ermeniricus 85 

faginon 89 
fagrs 89 
fahan 92 



+80 



INDICES 



faihu 97 
faihufrikei 113 
faihufriks 97, 113 
faihugairns 97, 132 
faihugeiro 1 32 
fairguni 99 
fairtuus 100 
fairina 100 
fairinon 100 
fairneis 101 
fairns 100 
fairra 99 
fairzna 101 
falban 91 
-falbs 90 
fana 92 
fani 92 
faran 93 
farjan 93 
fastan 94 
fastubni 95 
faba 95 
fauho 117 
faur 119 
faura 119 
fauragaggi 1 26 
fauragaggja 1 26 
faurdammjan 68 
faurhtei 120 
faurhtjan 
faurhts 120 
faurmuljan 278 
faurbis 121 
fenea 
fera 102 
fers 100 
fetjan 103 
fidur 96 
fidurdogs 73 
fidwor 96 
figgragulbs 98 
figgrs 99 
fijan 103 
fijands 103 
fijabwa 103 
filhan 97 
fiUeins 97 
filu 98 
filufaihs 89 
filuwaurdei 475 
fimf 98 
fimfta 98 
finban 99 
fiskon 103 
fisks 1 03 
flahta 104 
flauts 106 



flodus 107 
flokan 108 
fodjan 109 
fodr 109 
fon 119 

fotubaurd 63, 1 1 
fotiis 110 
fraatjan 27 
fragildan 1 30 
fragjan 110 
frahinj)an 1 69 
fraihnan 113 
fraisan 111 
fraiw 111 
fralets 245 
fraliusan 243 
fralusnan 251 
fralusts 251 
framabeis 111 
framabjan 111 
framgahts 126 
fraslindan 349 
frasts 111 
frabi 112 
frajjjan 1 1 2 
frauja 112 
frawardjan 448 
frawaurhts 476 
frawaurhts 476 
fraweitan 468 
frawrohjan 473 
Fredumirus 1 1 5 
freidjan 115 
freis 114 
fri(j)abwa 113 
friabwamilds 266 
frijon 114 
frijonds 114 
frius 1 1 6 
frodei 1 1 5 
ítoJk 1 1 5 
fruma 1 1 6 
frumei 116 
frumists 116 
fugls 1 1 6 
fula 118 
fullaweis 118 
fullaweisjan 468 
fulljan 118 
fuUnan 118 
fuUo 118 
fulls 118 
fuls 121 

gaaggwjan 20 
gaaiginon 6 
gabairan 4 1 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



481 



gabatnan 39 
gabaur 62 
gabaurtps 63 
gabei 121 
gabigs 121 
gablindjan 48 
gabrannjan 54 
gabruka 58 
gadaban 66 
gadailjan 67 
gadars 68 
gadaubjan 69 
gadejis 72 
gadiliggs 121 
gadofs 73 
gadrausjan 75 
gafah 92 
gafahrjan 89 
gafaurs 120 
gafribon 1 1 5 
gagawairbjan 456 
gageigan 1 34 
gaggan 125 
gahaftnan 1 49 
gahailnan 152 
gahardjan 162 
gahlaiba 1 74 
gahugds 1 90 
gahweitjan 202 
gahjotjan 199 
gaidw 122 
gailjan 123 
gairda 132 
gairnei 1 32 
gairnjan 1 32 
Gaiswalds 123 
gaits 123 
gajuka 207 
gakroton 222 
gakunnan 224 
gakunbai 223 
gakusts 226 
galaubjan 238 
galaufs 237 
galeika 248 
galeiki 248 
galeikon 248 
galeiks 247 
galeiban 248 
galga 124 
galukan 252 
gamainei 255 
gamainja 255 
gamainjan 255 
gamains 255 
gamaijjs 254 
gamalteins 258 



gamalwjan 258 
gaman 259 
gamaurgjan 276 
gaminjji 268 
gamot 274 
gamotjan 274 
gamunds 275 
ganagljan 279 
ganah 279 
ganaitjan 280 
gangjan 126 
ganisan 284 
ganists 284 
ganohjan 289 
ganohs 289 
gansjan 129 
gaqiss 229 
gaqiujan 230 
gaqumbs 230 
garaideins 295 
garaihtei 301 
garaihtjan 301 
garaibs 295 
garajjjan 298 
garazna 300 
garda 127 
gards 126 
garedan 303 
gariubs 302 
garuni 310 
garuns 308 
gasahts 312 
gasateins 319 
gasibjon 321 
gasinba 325 
gasinbja 325 
gaskafts 33 1 
gaskapjan 334 
gaskeirjan 342 
gaskohi 342 
gasmeitan 355 
gasmibon 355 
gasobjan 361 
gastagqjan 371 
gastaurknan 384 
gasts 1 2 7 
gasuljan 385 
gaswikunbjan 224 
gaswinbjan 395 
gaswogjan 397 
gatamjan 401 
gatarhjan 402 
gateihan 407 
gatilon 407 
gatils 407 
gatiman 404 
gatwo 128 



482 



INDICES 



gajjarban 416 
gajjaurbs 429 
gaj)aursans 42 1 
gaj)aursnan 430 
gajjlaihan 1 04 
gaumjan 128 
gaurs 129 
Gauts 129 
gawadjon 438 
gawaknan 442 
gawamms 445 
gawargjan 448 
gawaurdi 475 
gawaurki 476 
gaweison 468 
gawi 128 
gawidan 45 1 
gawigan 452 
gawrisqan 472 
gawundon 474 
gazds 129 
geen 1 33 
giba 130 
giban 1 30 
gibla 130 
gild 130 
gilstr 131 
Gislamundus 135 
gistradagis 1 32 
giutan 1 33 
glaggwaba 136 
godei 138 
goljan 1 38 
gobs 138 
graba 1 39 
graban 1 39 
gramjan 140 
gras 1 40 
gredags 1 42 
gredus 1 42 
greipan 1 43 
gretan 1 42 
grets 1 42 
grindafrajjj is 141 
gríbs 142 
groba 1 43 
grunduwaddjus 144 
gudafaurhts 1 44 
gudalaus 1 45 
gudaskaunei 337 
gudhus 144, 196 
gudja 145 
guleins 1 46 
gulb 145 
guma 146 
gund 1 46 



Gutbiuda 147 
gub 1 45 
gubblostreis 50 

haban 147 
haf 147 
hafá 147 
haíjan 149 
haftjan 149 
hafts 149 
hahan 160 
haidus 151 
haifsts 1 5 1 
haihs 1 5 1 
hailags 151 
hailjan 152 
hails 151 
haimobli 152, 291 
haims 152 
hairda 170 
hairdeis 1 69 
hairto 170 
hairus 171 
hais 1 54 
haitan 153 
haii>i 1 54 
haij}ns 1 54 
hakuls 1 54 
halba 155 
halbs 154 
haldan 1 55 
halja 1 56 
hallus 1 56 
hals 156 
halts 157 
hamfs 158 
hana 161 
handugei 159 
handugs 1 59 
handus 159 
handu waurhts 159 
hansa 161 
hardus 1 62 
harjis 163 
hatan 165 
hatis 165 
hatjan 165 
haubib 1 65 
hauhei 166 
hauhhairts 165 
hauhiba 1 66 
hauhjan 166 
hauhs 1 66 
hauniba 1 66 
haunjan 166 
hauns 1 66 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



483 



haurds 1 94 
hauri 1 95 
haurn 1 95 
haurnjan 1 95 
hausjan 167 
hawi 167 
hazjan 167 
hebba 147 
heito 173 
heiwafrauja 173 
her 172 
hebjo 196 
hidre 172 
hilms 168 
hilpan 168 
himinakunds 1 69 
himins 1 69 
hindana 172 
hindar 173 
hindarweisei 467 
hiufan 171 
hiwi 171 
hlahjan 173 
hlaifs 173 
hlaiw 1 74 
hlauts 175 
hleibjan 177 
hleibra 177 
hlifan 175 
hliuma 176 
hliub 176 
hlutrei 179 
hlutrs 178 
hnaiwjan 179 
hnaiws 179 
hnasqus 179 
hneiwan 180 
hnubo 181 
hoha 182 
holon 182 
hors 182 
hrainei 183 
hrainjahairts 183 
hrainjan 183 
hrains 183 
hraiwa 

hraiwadubo 80, 183 
hramjan 1 84 
hropjan 188 
hrops 188 
hrot 188 
hrobeigs 189 
hrugga 1 89 
huggrjan 1 93 
hugjan 190 
hugs 190 



huhrus 194 
hulistr 1 9 1 
huljan 191 
hulbs 192 
hundafabs 193 
hunds 193 
hunsl 194 
hunbs 1 94 
hups 1 94 
hus 196 
huzd 196 

hja 199 
hjadre 197 
hjairban 200 
hjairnei 200 
hjaiteis 1 97 
hjaiwa 1 99 
ban 198 
bar 198 
hjarbon 198 
hjarjis 198 
hjas 199 
hjassei 1 98 
hjab 199 
hjabar 199 
hjabo 199 
hje 201 
hjeila 201 
roeilahjairbs 200 
hieilan 201 
hieits 201 
háleiks 201 
bopan 202 
hiota 202 
hjotjan 202 

iba 82 
ibai 82 
ibnaleiks 82 
ibns 82 
idweit 468 
id 151 
igqar 84 
igqara 208 
ik 83 
im 458 
in 84 
inn 83 
inna 83 
innana 84 
insailjan 312 
inu 87 
inwidan 45 1 
inwinds 455 
is 203 



484 



INDICES 



ist 86 
ita 203 
itan 86 
ib 82 
iup 435 

ja 204 
jabai 204 
jah 204 
jaind 205 
jains 204 
jer 206 
jiukan 206 
jiuleis 205 
ju 207 
juggs 207 
juk 207 
jukuzi 207 
junda 207 
jus 208 

kalbo 209 
kalds 209 
kann 210 
kannjan 210 
kára 210 
karon 2 1 1 
kas 212 
katils 2 1 1 
kaupon 2 1 1 
kaurn 225 
kaurus 225 
kausjan 211 
keinan 214 
kilbei 212 
kinnus 212 
kiusan 213 
kniu 218 
knobs 218 
Kreks 221 
kriustan 221 
kukjan 222 
kunawida 223, 464 
kuni 224 
kunbi 224 
kunbs 224 
kustus 226 

laggamodei 235 
laggei 236 
laggs 235 
lagjan 231 
laian 244 
laiba 232 
laikan 232 
laiks 233 
lais 233 



laisjan 233 
laistjan 233 
laists 233 
lamb 234 
land 235 
lasiws 237 
latei 237 
latjan 237 
lats 237 
lajion 237 
laugnjan 238 
lauhatjan 250 
laun 239 
launawargs 448 
laus 239 
lausawaurdei 239 
lausawaurds 239 
lausjan 239 
leihts 240 
leiroan 247 
leik 247 
leikan 248 
lein 248 
leitils 248 
leibu 249 
lekeis 244 
lekinon 244 
letan 244 
lew 245 
lewjan 245 
liban 245 
ligan 240 
ligrs 240 
lisan 241 
listeigs 246 
lists 246 
lita 246 
libus 246 
liubaleiks 241 
liudan 242 
liufs 241 
liuga 242 
lmgan 242 
liuhab 242 
liuhtjan 243 
liutei 243 
liuts 243 
liubon 243 
lofa 249 
lubains 249 
lubjaleis 249 
luftus 249 
lukarnastajja 373 
luns 251 
luston 251 
lustus 25 1 
lustusama 251, 317 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



485 



mag 252 
magabs 253 
mágus 253 
mahteigs 254 
mahts 254 
maidjan 254 
maihstus 271 
mail 254 
mais 257 
maists 256 
maitan 256 
maibms 256 
maiza 257 
malan 257 
malma 258 
málo 258 
man 259 
managei 259 
managfalbs 259 
manags 259 
manamaurbrja 277 
manasebs 327 
manauli 260 
manleika 260 
manna 260 
mannisks 260 
manwus 260 
marei 261 
marisaiws 261 
marka 262 
marzjan 262 
matibalgs 263 
matjan 263 
mats 263 
ma£>a 264 
mabl 263 
majiljan 263 
maudjan 264 
maurgins 276 
maurnan 277 
maur^r 277 
maurbrjan 277 
mawi 254 
mawilo 254 
megs 269 
meina 83 
meins 273 
meki 269 
mel 269-270 
meljan 270 
měna 270 
menot>s 270 
merita 270 
merjan 270 
midjis 264 
midjungarcls 264 
miduma 265 



mik 83 
mikilei 265 
mikiljan 265 
mikils 265 
mildiba 266 
milib 266 
miluks 267 
mimz 267 
mins 271 
mis 83 
missadeb-s 272 
missaleiks 272 
mitan 268 
miton 268 
mib 268 
mijnvissei 463 
mizdo 272 
modags 273 
mota 274 
moi>s 273 
mukamodei 278 
mulda 275 
munan 276 
Mundila 275 
mundon 275 
mundrei 276 
muns 276 
munjjs 276 

nadrs 279 
nahts 279 
namnjan 280 
namo 280 
naqajis 280 
nasjan 281 
nasjands 281 
nati 281 
natjan 282 
naudibandi 282 
nauh 289 
naus 283 
naubjan 283 
naubs 282 
ne 285 
neh) 286 
netuundja 286 
nei 289 
neib 289 
nebla 287 
ni 283 
niba 283 
nidwa 287 
niman 284 
niban 287 
nibjis 287 
niujis 284 
niun 285 



486 



INDICES 



niunda 285 
niutan 285 
nu 289 

og 290 
ogjan 290 

paida 291 
peikabagms 292 
penus 99 
puggs 293 

qainon 226 
qairrus 229 
qens 230 
qiman 227 
qinein 228 
qino 228 
qistjan 229 
qiban 229 
qibus 230 
qius 230 
qums 231 

ragin 294 
raginon 294 
raidjan 295 
raihts 300 
rasta 298 
rabjo 298 
raupjan 299 
raus 299 
raubs 299 
razda 299 
razn 300 
reikeis 305 
reiki 305 
reiks 305 
reiran 296 
rign 300 
rignjan 300 
rikan 301 
rimis 302 
rinnan 302 
rinno 302 
riqis 301 
riurjan 303 
riurs 303 
rodjan 306 
rum 309 
Ruma 309 
rums 309 
runa 310 
runs 308 

sa 310 
saggqjan 318 



saggqs 3 1 8 
saggws 318 
sai 312 
saian 327 
saihs 322 
saihsta 322 
sairuan 323 
sainjan 313 
sair 313 
saiwala 314 
saiws 314 
sakan 314 
sakjo 315 
sakkus 3 1 5 
salbon 3 1 5 
salijnva 315 
saljan 316 
salt 316 
saltan 316 
sama 317 
samakuns 317 
samaleiks 317 
šamana 317 
samaj) 317 
samjan 317 
sandjan 318 
satjan 319 
sajis 310 
sauhts 385 
sauil 36 1 
sauls 389 
saurga 388 
saurgan 388 
saubs 3 1 9 
schediit 341 
schediit 6 
schieten 339 
schuos 359 
seins 330 
selei 327 
sels 327 
si 329 
sibja 320 
sibun 32 1 
sidon 32 1 
sidus 321 
siggwan 324 
sigis 322 
sigqan 325 
sik 323, 333 
silba 323 
sildaleiks 323 
silubr 328 
silubreins 329 
šimle 324 
sind 458 
sineigs 324 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



487 



sinteins 408 
sinfis 325 
sis 321, 326 
sitan 325 
sitls 326 
siujan 329 
siukan 326 
siukei 326 
siuks 326 
siuns 322 
skaban 330 
skadus 331 
skaidan 331 
skal 332 
skalja 332 
skalks 332 
skaman 333 
skanda 334 
skatts 336 
skajjis 336 
skajjjan 336 
skabuls 336 
skaudaraip 296, 336 
skauns 336 
skaut(s) 337 
skeima 341 
skeinan 341 
skeirs 341 
skewjan 340 
skildus 337 



skip 340 
skohs 342 
skohsl 342 
skuft 345 
skuggwa 347 
skula 345 
skura 347 
slahan 348 
slahs 348 
slaihts 350 
slawan 352 
sleideis 35 1 
sleijK 351 
slepan 350 
sleps 350 
sliupan 350 
smakka 352 
smals 353 
snaiws 355 
sneijjan 358 
sniumjan 357 
sniwan 358 
snorjo 359 
snutrei 359 
snutrs 359 
so 310 



sokjan 360 
sokns 360 
sob 360 
spaiskuldr 361 
sparwa 363 
spaurds 367 
speiwan 365 
spilda 363 
spill 363 
spilla 363 
spillon 363 
spinnan 364 
stafs 368 
staiga 369 
stainahs 369 
stains 369 
stairno 375 
stairo 376 
stamms 370 
standan 37 1 
Starceclius 372 
stabs 369 
stautan 373 
steigan 378 
stibna 373 
stigqan 375 
stikls 378 
stiks 378 
stilan 374 
stiur 377 
stiurjan 377 
stojan 379 
stols 379 
stoma 379 
straua 381 
straujan 381 
striks 381 
stubjus 382 
sugil 385 
sums 385 
sunja 387 
sunno 387 
sunus 388 
supon 388 
sutis 398 
swa 397 
swaihra 393 
swaihro 393 
swalaubs 238 
swaleiks 390 
swamms 390 
swaran 391 
swarts 392 
sweiban 397 
swein 397 
sweran 396 
sweriba 396 



488 



INDICES 



swers 396 
swes 396 
swibls 392 
swiglon 393 
swikns 393 
swiltan 394 
swinjiei 395 
swinjjs 394 
swistar 395 

tagl 398 
tagr 398 
tahjan 399 
taihswa 403-404 
taihun 404 
taihunda 403 
taikn 399 
taiknjan 399 
tainjo 399 
tains 399 
tandjan 401 
tarmjan 405 
taujan 403 
tekan 406 
tewa 406 
til 407 
timrja 404 
timrjan 404 
tiuhan 405 
trauan 411 
trausti 409 
triggvva 410 
triggws 410 
trigo 409 
triu 409 
triweins 410 
trudan 410 
tuggl 412 
tuggo 412 
tulgus 4 1 1 
tunbus 412 
twa 415 
twai 414 
tvvalibwintrus 413 
twalif 413 
tweiřljan 414 
tweifls 414 
twos 4 1 5 
tyz 408 

bagkjan 416 
bagks 4 1 6 
bahan 415 
t>aho 416 
bairh 421 
ban 415 
banaseibs 330 



bandě 4 1 6 
bar 416 
barba 417 
barf 417 
barfs 417 
bata 417 
babroh 418 
bauh 418 
baurfts 429 
baurneins 430 
baurnus 430 
baurp 430 
baursjan 430 
baurstei 430 
baursus 430 
beihan 42 1 
beihs 420 
beins 423 
biubi 422 
biubs 422 
biuda 423 
biudans 422 
bius 419 
biub 423 
biubjan 422 
biwi 419 
blaqus 1 05 
bliuhan 107 
bragjan 424 
brasabalbei 34, 424 
breihan 426 
breis 425 
bridja 427 
briskan 426 
brobjan 427 
brutsffll 97, 428 
bu 428 
btigkjan 429 
buhtus 429 
bulán 428 
busundi 431 
buthaurn 431 
bwahan 43 1 
bwahl 431 
bwairhei 432 
bwairhs 432 

ubil 433 
ubils 433 
ubizwa 432 
uf 432 
ufar 433 
ufarfullei 118 
ufarhafnan 149 
ufaro 432 
ufarskadwj an 331 
ufarswara 392 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



489 



ufblesan 49 
ufhlohjan 178 
ufrakjan 296 
ufta 433 
ufbanjan 416 
-uh 434 
uhtwo 435 
unagei 3 
unairkns 84 
unaiwisks 6 
unandsoks 360 
und 434 
undar 434 
undaurnimats 434 
ungakusans 225 
ungatass 402 
unhrainiba 183 
unhulba 192 
unhulbo 192 
unkunl>s 224 
uiúdps 244 
unmanariggws 302 
unnuts 290 
unqebs 229 
uns 460 
unsar 435 
unsibjis 320 
unswerei 396 
untals 400 
unte 434 
untilamalsks 258 
unwahs 447 
unweis 467 
unwiss 463 
unwita 464 
unwiti 464 
unwunands 475 
uraz 437 
urraisjan 296 
urrannjan 297 
urreisan 306 
urrists 304 
usaljians 1 6 
usbaugjan 39 
usbraidjan 53 
usflaugjan 105 
usfratwjan 112 
usgaisjan 123 
ushlaupan 175 
ushulon 192 
uslaubjan 238 
uslauseins 239 
usluk 250 
usmet 2 7 1 
usskarjan 335 
usskaus 337 
usstaggan 374 



ustauhts 4 1 1 
ust>riutan 426 
uswahsts 439 
uswakjan 442 
uswalugjan 443 
uswindan 454 
ut 437 
uta 437 
utal 290 
utana 437 
uz 436 
uzanan 1 7 
uzeta 88 

wadi 438 
waggs 446 
waghen 439 
wagjan 438 
wahsjan 439 
wahstus 439 
wahtwo 440 
wai 440 
waian 460 
waidete 440 
waihjo 440 
waihts 452 
waila 453 
wailadejw 453 
wailamerei 270 
wailamereis 270 
wainahs 440 
waips 440 
wair 463 
wairdus 456 
wairilo 456 
wairpan 457 
wairs 457 
wairsiza 457 
wairip 457 
wairpan 457 
wairipida 458 
wairjion 458 
wair£>s 458 
wait 441 
wakan 441 
waldan 443 
walisa 454 
waljan 444 
waltjan 444 
walus 445 
wamba 445 
wamm 445 
wan 446 
wandjan 446 
wandus 446 
wans 446 
warei 449 



490 



INDICES 



wargijja 448 
warjan 449 
warmjan 449 
wars 447 
wasjan 450 
wasti 45 1 
wato 45 1 
waurd 475 
waurkjan 476 
waurms 476 
waurstw 476 
waurts 476 
wegs 460 
weiha 466 
weihan 465—466 
weihipa 466 
weihs 466 
wein 467 
weinabasi 40, 466 
weinagards 467 
weinatriu 467 
weipan 467 
weis 460 
wenjan 461 
wens 46 1 
wepn 461 
widuwo 462 
wigs 452 
wiko 462 
wilja 453 
wiljahaljjei 157 
wiljan 453 
wilťeis 454 
wilwan 454 



winds 454 
winja 455 
winnan 455 
winno 455 
wintrus 455 
win^iskauro 346 
wisan 458 
wists 459 
wit 459 
witan 463 
wij}ra 464 
wi^rawairjK 464 
wibrus 459 
wlaiton 469 
wlits 469 
wokrs 469 
wopjan 470 
wobeis 470 
wobs 469 
wraiqs 470 
wraka 471 
wrakja 471 
wrakjan 471 
wraks 471 
wraton 471 
wrekei 472 
wrikan 471 
writs 473 
wrijjus 472 
wrohs 473 
wulfs 473 
wulla 474 
wulbus 474 
wunds 474 



Burgundian 



*agja 3 
*aikins 7 
*aiks 7 
*alfs 13 
*args 23 
*asks 26 
*apals 27 
*aj)alings 2 7 
*aud(s) 28 

*badus 32 
*bairs 33 
*banki 36 
*bardo 36 
*bausiz 40 
*berils 42 
*bers 43 
*blab 46 
*blauts 48 



*brim 5 7 
*buda 6 1 

*dards 68 
*dragils 74 

*erps 85 

*falus 91 
*fastis 94 
*frodjan 1 1 5 
*fulb 1 1 7 

*gails 122 
*girs 132 
*giba 133 
*glads 1 35 
*grimms 141 
*groins 1 43 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



491 



*gunfw 146 

*hajnis 165 
*hilps 168 
*hramns 1 82 
*hulpi 192 

*klaini 214 
*konis 219 

*laips 233 
*laugs 238 
*leuds 242 
*lif 247 

*magin 253 
*marh 261 

*ot>il 290 

*rams 297 
*rands 297 
*reps 303 



*rinks 302 
*ripa 306 

*saims 313 
*sanj)s 3 1 9 
*seudan 326 
*skafts 331 
*skaipi 332 
*stiljis 374 
*stiffs 378 
*storms 384 

*taits 400 

*waijis 441 
*walhs 443 
*warja 449 
*warns 449 
*waps 438 
*wers 46 1 
*wif 464 
*wids 465 



Old Morse* 



á 5-6, 17 
áberi 43 
ábyrgja 63 
ačal 27 
af 1 
afar 2 
afi 1 
afl 2 
afla 2 
afli 1 
afsifja 321 
afspringr 366 
ágíetr 1 34 
ágirni 132 
agn 4 
ái 31 
aka 1 1 
ákafr 208 
akaR, Run 1 1 
akarn 1 2 
akr 12 
akrkarl 1 2 
akrmaSr 1 2 
akrverk 1 2 
ál 20 
ala 12 



alda 14 


aldinn 1 6 


aldr 14 


aldrlag 1 4 


alfr 13 


alhvítr 1 2 


álit 469 


alka 15 


áll 20, 87 


allbjartr 16 


allkaldr 16 


allr 16 


almanna 1 2 


almáttigr 1 2 


almbogi 2 3 


almr 83 


alr 87 


albjóS 12 


alvaldr 1 3 


alvitr 13, 15 


ambátt 1 8 


amma 1 7 


ámr 87 


ámunr 275 


án 87 


and 18 



* Including Runic forms. 



492 



INDICES 



anda 1 8 
andi 18 
angi 1 9 
angr 1 9 
ann 435 
annarr 2 1 
apaldr 2 1 
apalgrár 2 1 
api 21 
apr 17 
aptan 2 
aptann 2 
aptr 3 
aptrreka 472 
ár 9, 206 
arSr 23, 25 
arfi 22, 25 
arfr 22 
argr 23 
ari 25 

aringreypr 140 
arinn 3 1 
arjosteR, Run 23 
ármána3r 206 
armbaugr 23 
armligr 24 
armr 24 
árna 9 
árr 9 
ars 25 
ársadi 327 
arta 25 
ártal 206 
árvakr 9 
aska 26 
askr 26 
áss 20-21 
ást 21 
at 26 
át 88 
atall 27 
átta 5 
áttandi 5 
átte 5 
atti 27 
auS3oett 28 
auSfengr 30 
auófyndr 28 
auSigr 28 
auSinn 28 
auSr 28, 30 
auSsveipr 390 
auSveldr 443 
auga 29 
auja, Run 29 
auk 29 
auka 29 



auki 29 
aumr 29 
aurr 29 
ausa 30 
austan 30 
austr 30 
austrcenn 30 
austskota 347 
auvirSi 2 
auvisli 456 
ávarSr 448 
ax 4 

x 10 
šgir 87 
aeja 5 
Eer 9, 31 
ECS 21 
Eesta 2 1 
<etr 88 
aevi 10 

ba5 39 
baSast 39 
baóhús 39 
báSir 52 
baSmr 32 
baSstofa 39 
baga 44 
bagr 44 
bak 33 
baka 33 
bakki 36 
bákn 39 
bál 

baUr 34 
baňa 
band 
bani 
bann 
banna 



36 
35 
36 
36 
36 



bára 44 
bar6 63 
barSa 36 
barmr 37 
barn 37 
barnlauss 37 
barr 36, 38 
báss 35 
bašt 38 
bati 38 
batna 39 
baugr 39 
bauka 39 
baun 39 
bauta 40 
béfeki 5 1 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



493 



baerr 44 
beňja 32 
be5r 32 
beioa 32 
bein 32 
bek 32 
beka 33 
beiti 33 
Beitr 33 
bekkr 33, 36 
bekkjjili 36 
belgja 34 
belgr 33 
bella 34 
ben 35 
bend 35 
benda 35 
bendi 35 
bendili 35 
benja 36 
benzl 35 
ber 40 
bera 40, 41 
bergja 37 
berill 42 
berja 37 
bernskr 37 
berr 40 
betr 38 
betri 38 
beygja 39 
beytill 40 
beztr 38 
biS 45 
bi5a 45 
bída 46 
bioill 45 
bidja 45 
bifast 45 
bikkja 41 
bil 45 
bíldr 46 
binda 4 1 
bingr 4 1 
birkinn 42 
birna 43 
birta 42 
birti 42 
bit 45 
bita 45 
bita 46 
biti 45 
bitr 45 
bitull 46 
bjálki 34 
bjalla 41 



bjd 



42 



bjarga 42 
bjartiigr 42 
bjartr 42 
bjóSa 43 
bjóSr 43 
bjórr 40, 44 
bjórsalr 44 
bjgrg 42 
bjork 43 
bjorn 43 
bjúgr 44 
blad 46 
blaSra 46 
bláfár 89 
blaka 47 
blakkr 47 
bland 47 
blanda 47 
blár 49 
blása 49 
blástr 49 
blauor 48 
blautr 48 
bleikja 47 
bleikr 47 
blekkja 48 
bleySa 48 
bleyái 48 
blíSr 49 
blik 49 
bliká 49 
blíkja 49 
blinda 48 
blindi 48 
blindr 48 
bljúgr 48 
blóó 50 
blóSga 50 
blóóigr 50 
blóSraudr 50 
blóSstorkinn 375 
blómask 50 
blómi 50 
blót 50 
blóta 5 1 
blóthús 50 
blceSa 50 
blý 49 
blys 48 
Boddi 61 
boS 60 
bodá 61 
boói 61 
bófi 51 
bogi 6 1 
bógr 5 1 
bok 52 



494 



INDICES 



boka 5 1 
bokki 61 
bóklist 5 1 
bókstafr 5 1 
ból 64 
bok 62 
bóla 65 
bolginn 41 
boli 62 
bolli 62 
bolr 62 
bólstr 62 
boltr 62 
bóra 64 
bor5 63 
borSi 63 
borg 63 
borga 63 
borr 62 
bót 52, 61 
bótalauss 52 
botn 61 
boen 52 
boer 53 
boeta 52 
bo3 32 
boj 34 
bollr 34 
bolvíss 34 
borgr 37 
borkr 37 
bijrr 38 
brá 57 
brá3 57 
bráofengr 92 
bráor 57 
bragS 53 
brak 53 
braka 54 
brandr 54 
brandreio 54 
branga 54 
brasta 54 
brattr 54 
brauo 54 
brasoa 57 
bregSa 55 
breiSa 53 
breiSr 53 
breizl 53 
brek 55 
breki 55 
brenna 54 
bresta 56 
brestr 56 
breyskr 54 
breyta 54 



brigň 55 
brim 57 
brimi 56 
brimleiS 5 7 
bringa 56 
brinna 56 
brjá 55 
brjósk 56 
brjóst 56 
brjóstbjorg 56 
brjóta 56 
broddr 59 
broo 59 
bróáir 57 
bróourbani 58 
brok 57 
brot 59 
brú 58 
brúSgumi 59 
brúSlaiip 59 
brúSr 59 
brugginn 56 
brum 58 
brún 60 
bruni 58 
brúnn 60 
brunnr 58 
brydda 59 
bryggja 58 
brynja 58 
bryti 59 
brytja 59 
bú 65 
búa 52 
bú8 65 
bugr 6 1 
búi 65 
bukkr 6 1 
búkr 64 
búland 65 
bunga 62 
bunki 62 
búr 65 
burr 64 
burst 64 
bútr 64 
by 46 
bygg 44 
byggja 53, 61 
bygill 6 1 
bylgja 62 
bylja 62 
býr 65 
byróa 63 
byróingr 63 
byrgi 63 
byrgja 63 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



495 



byrja 64 

byrli 64 

byrr 64 

býsn 65 

dá 70 
dá6 72 
dafna 66 
daga 66 
daglangr 66 
dagr 66 
dagverk 66 
dalr 67 
dammr 67 
DanmQrk 68 
dapr 68 
darr 68 
darraSr 68 
dasi 69 
dauSadagr 70 
dau8r 69-70 
daufr 69 
daunn 69 
deigja 67 
deigr 66-67 
deila 67 
deild 67 
deiU 67 
dengja 68 
detta 7 1 
deySa 69 
deyfa 69 
deyfo 69 
deypa 69 
digr 72 
díki 72 
dimma 70 
dimmr 70 
dis 72 
djarfr 7 1 
djúpligr 7 1 
djúpr 7 1 
dogr 73 
dolg 78 
dómhús 73 
dómr 73 
dómstóll 73 
dóttir 78 
doel 73 
doema 73 
dogg 70 
dgggva 70 
dokk 68 
dokkr 68 
draf 73 
drafli 73 
drag 73 



draga 74 
drak 76 
dramb 74 
drangr 74 
dráttr 74 
draugr 74 
draumr 75 
dregg 74 
dregill 74 
dreifa 74 
drekka 75 
drekkja 74 
dřep 75 
drepa 75 
dreyma 75 
dreypa 75 
dreyra 75 
dreyri 75 
drif 76 
drífa 76 
drífr 76 
drift 76 
dríta 76 
drjúgr 76 
drjúpa 76 
dropi 7 7 
drar 7 7 
drótt 77 
dróttinn 7 7 
drukkinn 7 7 
drukna 7 7 
drúpa 78 
drýgja 75 
drykkr 7 7 
dúfa 80 
dul 81 
dumbr 79 
dupt 78 
durastoó 79 
dúsa 8 1 
dust 79 
dvala 81 
dvelja 81 
dvergr 8 1 
dvína 8 1 
dvol 81 
dýfa 80 
dygS 78 
dylma 8 1 
dyngja 79 
dynja 79 
dynr 79 
dýpt 71 
dýr 71 
dýr6 71 
dýrligr 7 1 
dýrr 7 1 



496 



INDICES 



dytta 80 
dyttr 79 

e8a 86 
ef 82 
efja 1 
efna 1 
efni 1 
efsa 1 
eft 2 



eggja o 
eggsteinn 3 
ei6a 10 
eiSr 10 
eiástafr 1 
eiga 6 
eigin 6 
eiginn 6 
eigna 6 
eik 7 
eikinn 7 
eimr 7 
eimyrja 7 
einarSr 22 
einborinn 8 
eindagi 8 
eineygr 7 
einfaldr 8 
einfbettr 8 
einfyndr 118 
einharSr 8 
einhendr 8 
einhleypr 8 
einigr 8 
einir 205 
einka 8 
einkunn 223 
einn 9 
einnittr 9 
einráSr 9 
einstapi 9 
einvaldi 9, 443 
einvígi 9 
eir 1 1 
eisa 6 
eiskra 1 
eřtr 10 
ek 83 
ekki 84 
Ekkill 8 
eldask 1 4 
eldr 7 
eldstó 380 
elgr 1 4 
elja 1 5 
ella 15 



236 



ellepti 8 

dli 14 
ellifu 8 
elliga 1 5 
elna 1 5 
em 458 
emtótti 
en 18 
enda 1 8 
endalauss 
endir 1 8 
endlangr 
endr 18 
eng 19 
enni 1 8 
enskr 1 9 
eptir 2 
ér 206 
erfa 22 
erfi 22 
erfida 22 
erfiai 22 
erfivQrSr 22 
ergi 23 
ergjask 23 
erja 23 
erma 24 
ern 24 
erta 25 
es 86, 203 
esja 26 
eski 26 
eta 86 
etall 86 
etja 27 
ey 4 
eySa 30 
eygSr 28 
eygja 28 
eygr 28 
eykr 205 
eyland 4 
eyra 30 

fá 92 
faSir 88 
faSma 95 
faSmr 95 
fága 102 
fagna 89 
fagr 89 
falda 91 
-faldr 90 
fálki 91 
faU 91 
faUa 91 
fair 90-91 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



497 



fang 92 
fani 92 
far 93 
fár 96, 102 
fara 93 
farald 92 
fari 94 
fárligr 102 
farmr 93 
farri 94 
fasta 94-95 
fasthaldr 94 
fastligr 94 
fastna 95 
fastr 94 
fat 95 
fáta 95 
fattr 92 
fax 89 
fkr 89 
fara 102 
fasta 1 03 
fé 97 
feSma 95 
féfrekr 97 
feginn 88 
fégjarn 97 
fegra 89 
fegrS 89 
fegri 89 
féhús 97 
feig3 89 
feigr 89 
feikn 90 
feima 90 
feita 90 
feiti 90 
feitr 90 
fela 97 
feldr 91 
fella 91 
fen 92 
fengr 92 
feró 93 
ferja 93 
ferskeyttr 96 
ferskr 115 
festa 95 
fet 101 
feta 101 
fetiU 95 
flóra 102 
fiSri 102 
flfrildi 98 
fimm 98 
fimr 103 
fimt 98 



fimti 98 
fingr 99 
fingrgull 98 
firma 99 
Finnr 103 
firinverk 1 00 



firn 
firna 



100 

1 00 



firra 99 



fisa 

fiska 

fiskr 



04 

103 

103 

fit 101, 103 
fitja 102 
fjá 103 
fjaSrhamr 102 
fjaU 97-98 
fjáncli 103 
fjarri 99 
fjórSi 96 
fJQSr 102 
fjc4au3igr 98 
fJQr 100 
fJQrS 101 
ÍJQrSr 119 
fJQrgjafi 100 
fJQrgyn 99 
ÍJQrráS 100 
fJQrsjúkr 100 
fJQtra 102 
fJQturr 102 
flá 104 
fla9ra 105 
flag 104 
flaga 104 
flagspilda 363 
flaki 105 
flakka 105 
flár 104 
flaška 105 
flatr 105 
flátta 104 
flaumr 106 
fleinn 104 
fleiri 104 
flekka 106 
flekkr 106 
flesk 104 
flet 105 
fletja 105 
flétta 106 
fley 106 
fleygja 105 
fleygr 1 05 
fleyta 106 
flík 107 
flikki 107 



493 



INDICES 



fljót 107 
fljóta 107 
fljótr 107 
fljúga 1 06 
fló" 105, 108 
fló5 107 
flog 108 
flogaU 108 
flói 108 
flóki 108 
flókinn 108 
flokkr 108 
flór 108 
flot 109 



109 
.09 
108 
107 
107 
105 
09 

106, 108 
108 
108 
108 
109 
17 



.17 



flota 

floti 

flótti 

flceSa 

flceSr 

flokra 

flú5 

fluga 

flugr 

flyóra 

flygi 

fnýsa 

fóa 

fó5r 109 

fold 1 1 7 

foldvegr 

foli 118 

folk 117 

fólkdrótt 1 1 7 

fólkland 1 1 7 

fólkvíg 118 

for 119-120 

foroa 121 

foringi 1 26 

fornmaSr 120 

forr 119 

fors 120 

forsmá 354 

fóstr 110 

fóstrbróSir 

fóstrfaoir 

fóstrland 

fóstrlaun 

fóstrmóSir 

fóstrsystir 

fikborS 1 

fotr 110 

fótspor 1 1 

fótverkr 110 

fox 117 

foe6a 109 

foera 110 

foerr 110 



110 





o 

10 
10 



10 



101 
101 
113 



foettr 110 
foezla 109 
fofr 91 
folski 92 
for 94 
fosull 94 
frá 111 
frakka 1 1 1 
frakkr 1 1 1 
fráligr 112 
framferoi 92 
framr 111 
frár 112 
frauó 112 
fraukr 116 
frče 111 
fraegr 113 
fraendhollr 1 
fraendi 114 
fregna 113 
frekr 113 
frelsi 114 
fremja 111 
frer 116 
frest 113 
freta 
fretr 
frétt 
freyja 112 
frí 114 
fría 114 
friSa 115 
fríSa 115 
friSill 114 
friaia 114 
friSlauss 1 1 5 
friSr 115 
fríSr 115 
frjáls 114 
frjálsgjafi 114 
frjór 111 
frjósa 113 
fróSr 115 
froskr 116 
frost 1 1 6 
froeSa 1 1 5 
froeSi 1 1 5 
froekn 1 1 5 
frumburSr 116 
frygó 1 1 6 
fuSflogi 116 
fugl 116 
fúi 121 
fúinn 121 
full 118 
fúU 121 
fullna 118 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



499 



fullr 118 
fuUvíss 118 
fundr 118 
funi 119 
fůra 120 
furkr 1 1 1 
fúss 119 
fyl 117 
fylgd 1 1 7 
fylgja 117 
fylki 118 
fylla 118 
fyndr 118 
fyr 119 
fýrr 121 
fyrstr 1 20 
fýsa 119 

gá 129 
gaddr 129 
gáfa 133 
gafl 130 
gaga 122 
gagl 122 
gagnstosSr 379 
gala 123 
galdr 124 
gálgatré 124 
gálgi 124 
gall 124 
galii 124 
galmr 1 24 
gamall 125 
gaman 125 
gammi 125 
gamna 125 
gan 1 25 
gana 126 
ganga 125-126 
gangr 125 
gapa 126 
gardr 126 
garn 1 2 7 
garnvinda 127 
gás 126 
gáshaukr 126 
gat 128 
gata 128 
gátt 126 
gauč 128 
gaukr 128 
gaum 128 
gaupa 1 29 
gaupn 129 
gauta 1 29 
garfr 133 
gceta 1 34 



gefa 130 

gegn 122 
gegna 122 
geiga 122 
geigr 122 
geiri 123 
geirlaukr 123 
geirr 123 
geisl 123 
geispa 123 
geit 123 
gelda 1 24 
geldingr 124 
geldr 124 



gerS 127 
gerSi 127 
gerr 1 32 
gerstr 127 
gestgjafi 127 
gestr 127 
geta 1 33 
geyja 128 
geyma 128 
geymd 128 
geysa 129 
gil 134 
gildi 131 
gildr 131 
gilja 131 
gíma 1 34 
gin 1 34 
gína 1 34 
gipt 130 
gipta 1 30 
girnask 132 
gísl 135 
gísla 135 
gjafstóU 130 
gjald 1 30 
gjalda 1 30 
gjalfr 131 
gjalla 131 
gjallr 131 
gjalp 131 
gjarn 1 32 
gjóSr 133 
gjósa 133 
gjóta 133 
gJQf 130 
gJQÍiúl 130 
gjgrS 132 
gla3a 135 
glaSligr 1 35 
glaSr 135 



.300 



INDICES 



glaumr 1 35 
glaesa 1 36 
gleda 136 
gleipa 1 35 
gler 135 
glit 136 
glitra 1 36 
gljá 136 
glóa 1 37 
gló3 137 
glófi 137 
gloeSa 137 
glQggr 136 
glúpna 137 
glý 1 36 
gnadd 137 
gnaga 137 
gneggja 138 
gneisti 1 38 
gnesta 1 38 
gnit 138 



gnótt 289 
gnoegja 289 
gnQtra 1 38 
goS 145 
goSahús 1 44 
goSi 145 
góSr 138 
golf 145 
gollroáinn 1 45 
gómr 1 39 
gor 146 
gorva 127 
Goti 147 
goe8a 138 
gcela 1 39 
ggfugr 1 2 1 
gcJtr 125 
grjngull 126 
grjrn 127 
gQlT 127 
ggrvi 127 
gráSr 142 
grádugr 142 
gráfa 139 
gramr 1 39 
grandi 140 
granni 300 
grannr 1 40 
grápa 1 42 
grár 1 42 
gras 1 40 
grasgroenn 1 40 
gráta 1 42 
grátr 1 42 



grefill 139 
grefr 139 
greiár 295 
greip 1 39 
gremi 140 
gremja 140 
grenja 140 
grey 141 
greypa 141 
gríS 143 
gríma 143 
grimd 141 
grimmask 141 
grimmligr 141 
grimmr 141 
grína 143 
grind 141 
142 
143 



gnp 

grípa 

gripr 

grjón 

grjót 

gróa 

gróái 



142 

141 

141 

143 

143 
gróf 143 
grómr 1 43 
groena 1 43 
groenn 143 
groeta 1 44 
gr Q f 139 
grcjn 140 
grgptr 1 39 
grúfa 1 44 
grufla 1 44 
grunnfastr 1 44 
grunnlauss 1 44 
grunnr 1 44 
grunr 1 44 
Grýtingr 142 
guSlauss 1 45 
gudsefi 321 
giiSvefr 1 45 
gul 145 
gulfband 1 45 
gulfbjartr 145 
gullinn 1 46 
gullsmiSr 146 
gumi 1 46 
gumpr 1 46 
gunnborS 146 
gunnfani 146 
gunnhvatr 1 46 
gunnr 1 46 
gustr 1 33 
gylla 1 46 
gyltr 145 
gymbr 1 34 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



301 



gyrSa 147 
gyrSill 147 

há 172 

hábjarg 165 

haddr 167 

haSna 148 

haf 147 

hafá 147 

hafna 149 

hafr 148 

háfr 172 

haga 150 

hagi 150 

hagl 150 

hagr 149 

haki 154 

hald 155 

halda 155 

hálfa 155 

hálfbrunnin 1 54 

hálfdauSr 1 54 

hálfr 154 

hali 156 

háligr 1 65 

háll 172 

haUa 157 

hallaeri 156 

hallr 156 

hálmr 156 

háls 156 

hálsa 1 5 7 

hálsbeina 156 

hálsfang 156 

hálsmen 156 

hamalkyrni 157, 225 

hamarr 158 

hamla 157-158 

hámót 1 60 

hampr 159 

hamr 1 58 

handbani 159 

handhafi 147 

handlami 159 

handlauss 159 

handmegin 159 

handsax 159 

handverk 159 

hanga 160 

hani 161 

hann 205 

hapt 149 

haptr 149 

hár 160, 166, 172 

harSa 162 

harSgreipr 139 

harSligr 1 62 



harSr 162 

harSrá5r 162, 304 

harma 163 

harmr 163 

harpa 1 63 

hárr 153 

hásin 1 60 

hasl 164 

háss 153 

hástaSr 1 66 

hata 1 65 

hatr 165 

háttr 150 

haufuS 1 65 

haugr 1 65 

haukr 148 

haukstaldr 1 50 

hanil 166 

hauss 167 

haust 1 6 1 

haustmánuór 161 

h<eó 166 

hsefr 172 

hadbítr 46 

hadi 160 

hEera 172 

héSinn 148 

héflra 172 

hefS 148 

hefill 149 

hefja 149 

heggr 150 

hegna 150 

hegri 1 83 

heiSindómr 153 

heiSinn 154 

heiSr 150-151, 154 

heilagr 151 

heili 151 

heilindi 1 5 1 

heffl 151 

heiUa 152 

heilsa 152 

heima 152 

heiman 152 

heimfijr 152 

heimild 152 

heimr 152 

heimskr 152 

heimta 152 

hek 153 

heita 153 

heitr 153 

hel 156 

héla 168 

heldr 155 

helft 155 



.302 



INDICES 



helga 1 5 1 
helia 157 
helsi 157 
heltask 157 
helti 157 
helvíti 156 
hemingr 158 
hemja 158 
henda 159 
hengja 160 
henta 161 
hepta 149 
hepti 149 
herSa 162 
herferS 162 
herfólk 162 
herhom 1 62 
heri 164 
herja 163 
Herjann 
hermaňr 1 62 
hermd 163 
hernumi 289 
heróp 1 63 
herr 1 63 
herskip 162 
hďskjgldr 162 
hervápn 1 63 
hervegr 1 62 
hespa 1 64 
hestr 160 
hey 167 
heyja 167 
heyra 167 
hildr 168 
hilla 168 
himinljómi 1 69 
himintungl 169 
hind 169 
hindra 173 
hinka 1 69 
hinna 1 69 
hirSir 1 69 
hirsi 170 
hita 173 
hitt 172 
hjálmr 168 
hjálpa 168 
hjálplauss 168 
hjalt 168 
hjarn 171 
hjarni 170 
hjarnskál 170 
hjarri 171 
hjarsi 170 
hjarta 170 
hjól 199 



hJQlp 168 
hjgrr 171 
hJQrtr 171 
hjúfra 171 
hla3 173 
hlaóa 175 
hlaiwa, Run 1 74 
hlakka 1 74 
hlamma 174 
hlána 176 
hland 174 
hlátr 173 
hlaunn 175 
hlaup 1 75 
hlaupa 175 
hlautr 175 
hlaeja 173 
hic 177 
hléSr 176 
hleifr 173 
hlekkjask 175 
hlekkr 1 74 
hlemmr 174 
hler 178 
hlió 176-177 
hlíf 177 
hlífa 177 
hljó3 176 
hljómr 176 
hljóta 1 76 
hlóa 177 
hlust 178 
hluta 178 
hluti 178 
hlutr 178 
hlýSa 177-178 
hlýja 177 
hlynr 178 
hlýr 176 
hnakki 179 
hnappr 179 
hnauS 179 
hneigja 179 
hneita 179 
hneppa 179 
hníga 180 
hnípa 1 80 
hnippa 1 80 
hnita 180 
hnjósa 180 
hnot 181 
hncjggr 179 
hnQggva 1 80 
hngri 181 
hnúSr 181 
hnykiU 181 
hnykkja 181 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



503 



hnykkr 181 
hodd 196 
hof 190 
hóf 181 
hófr 181 
hofstaSr 190 
hól 182 
hol 191 
holá 191-192 
hold 191 
hólkr 191 
hoUr 192 
hólmr 191 
holr 191 
holt 192 
hóp 182 
hoppa 1 94 
hór 182 
hóra 182 
hórkona 182 
horn 1 95 
hombogi 1 95 
hornfiskr 195 
homungr 1 95 
horr 1 95 
hórr 182 
horskligr 195 
horskr 195 
hosa 195 
hosta 202 
hosti 202 
hóstr 290 
hoefa 181 
hoela 182 
hoeta 202 
hoó 165 
hrjfn 147 
hofu6 148 
hofuSbaugr 1 48 
hQÍuSlauss 1 48 
hQÍuóvrjrSr 1 48 
hofugr 147 
hogg 167 
liQggva 167 
hokull 154 
holór 155 
hrjll 156 
hom 158 
hQnd 159 
hQndla 159 
honk 161 
liQrgr 1 64 
liQrpuslagr 1 63 
hQrpustrengr 1 63 
hcjss 1 64 
hottr 165 
hraSr 185 



hrafn 182 
hráki 187 
hrammr 1 84 
hrapa 1 84 
hrár 185 
hrata 1 84 
hrauS 185 
hraukr 1 85 
hraumi 1 85 
hraustr 1 85 
hrce 183 
hrEekja 187 
hneU 183 
hreifa 183 
hreinn 1 83 
hreinn 183 
hreinsa 183 
hrekja 184 
hremma 1 84 
hreppa 1 84 
hreysivisla 459 
hríó 188 
hrífa 187 
hriflingr 1 85 
hrím 187 
hrímkaldr 187 
hrinda 185 
hringdrifi 76 
hringja 1 86 
hringr 1 85 
hrip 186 
hrís 187 
hrísla 187 
hrista 187 
hrjóta 186 
hrjúfr 186 
hróSr 188 
hróSugr 1 89 
hróf 188 
hrogn 189 
hroki 189 
hrókr 188 
hróp 188 
hross 189 
hrot 188 
hrospa 1 88 
hrosra 1 89 
hronn 1 85 
hror 190 
hriiór 190 
hrufa 189 
hryggja 186 
hryggligr 1 86 
hryggr 187, 189 
húó" 196 
húfa 196 
huga 191 



504 



INDICES 



hugfeUr 91 
hugi 191 
hugkcemr 230 
hugleysi 239 
hugr 190 
hugspaei 364 
hugsýki 326 
húka 196 
hulda 191 
humall 192 
humarr 1 92 
hunang 1 93 
hunangsoetr 193 
hundr 1 93 
hundraó 1 93 
hungr 1 94 
hungra 193 
húnn 1 96 
huppr 1 93 
hurS 194 
hús 196 
husa 197 
húskytja 226 
húsl 194 
húslauss 1 96 
hvaSarr 199 
hválf 197 
hválfa 198 
hvalfiskr 197 
hvalr 197 
hvap 198 
hvar 198 
hvarf 198 
hvarfa 198 
hvass 198 
hvat 199 
hváta 201 
hvatr 199 
hvatstaki 370 
hvcesa 201 
hvé 201 
hveiti 197 
hveitikorn 197 
hveitimjgl 197 
hvelfa 198 
hvellr 200 
hvelpr 200 
hverfa 198, 200 
hverfr 200 
hverfuU 200 
hverna 200 
hverr 198-200 
hvetja 1 99 
hví 201 
hvía 201 
hviSa 201 
hvika 200 



hvíla 201 
hvína 201 
hvirfiU 200 
hvíti 202 
hvítill 202 
hvítingr 202 
hvítr 201 
hyggja 190 
hylda 191 
hylja 191 
hyUa 192 
hylli 192 
hylma 191 
hýrligr 171 
hyrna 195 
hyrr 1 95 
hýski 173 

í 84 
ibai 82 
iS 203 
iSunruritr 203 
ígull 203 
íkorni 7 
il 83 
inn 83 
innan 84 
innanverár 84 
inni 83 
innri 83 
innyfli 433 
ísarn 204 
ískaldr 204 
íss 204 
ístr 84 
it 208 
ítr 204 
íviágjarn 451 

já 204-205 
jaáarr 82 
jafii 82 
jafna 82 
jafngóSligr 138 
jaki 206 
jara 85 
jaróborg 85 
jarSfall 85 
jarSfastr 85 
jarShús 85 
jarSvegr 86 
jarknasteinn 84 
jarl 85 
járn 204 
járnnagli 204 
járnsmiór 204 
jarpr 85 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



305 



jata 206 
játta 205 
jóladagr 205 
jólmánuSr 205 
jór 83 
jóreiů 83 
jofurr 82 
jokull 206 
joro 86 
jorfi 86 
jormungandr 85 
jormungrund 85 
jostr 206 
JQtunn 86 
júgr 87 

kafli 208 
kaká 208 
kala 208 
kalda 209 
kaldr 209 
káffi 209 
kálfr 209 
kalí 209 
kaUa 209 
kambr 209 
kampr 209 
káni 210 
kann 210 
kanna 210 
kari 210 
karlfólk 210 
karskr 211 
kartr 221 
kati 211 
kaun 211 
kaup 211 
kaupa 211 
kaupmaSr 211 
kaupskip 2 1 1 
kaupstaSr 211 
kefsir 208 
keipr 208 
kelpa 212 
kemba 209 
kenna 210 
kerming 210 
keppr 2 1 4 
ker 212 
ketill 211 
kiS 214 
kífa 214 
kimbill 212 
kind 212 
kinn 212 
kinnbein 212 
kinnbjorg 212 



kippa 2 1 4 
kirnuaskr 213 
kitla 214 
kjalki 212 
kjappi 213 
kjarni 213 
kjarr 213 
kjóU 213 
kjósa 213 
kjolr 212 
klá 215 
kláSi 215 
klali 214 
klakkr 215 
klapp 215 
klappa 2 1 5 
klaufrák 472 
klé 216 
kleima 214 
klembra 2 1 5 
klengjask 215 
kleppr 216 
klif 216 
klifa 216 
klífa 216 
klifra 216 
kljúfa 216 
klof 216 
klofi 217 
klokkr 216 
klQkkva 216 
klombr 215 
klopp 215 
klungr 217 
klunna 217 
klútr 217 
klyf 216 
kná 218 
knakkr 217 
knappr 217 
knár 218 
knauss 218 
kné 218 
knefill 217 
knífr 218 
218 



knoka 
knosa 
kngrr 
knýfffl 
knýja 
knylla 
knytja 
koddi 
kofi 



219 

217 
219 

219 
219 
219 

222 
222 



kokkr 223 
kol 223 
kolfr 223 



3(11, 



INDICES 



koUr 223 
koma 227 
koná 228 
konr 224 
konungdómr 224 
konungr 224 
konungríki 224 
kopa 219 
koppr 224 
kor 226 
korn 225 
kornhús 225 
kornvist 225 
koss 225 
kosta 226 
kostr 226 
kot 226 
koela 219 
koenn 219 
kor 210 
krabbi 220 
krafla 220 
kraki 220 
krangr 220 
krappr 221 
kraptr 220 
krás 221 
krauna 221 
krefja 220 
kremja 220 
kreppa 220 
kringla 221 
krjúpa 221 
kroppinn 221 
kroppr 222 
krubba 222 
kryppill 222 
krytja 222 
kufr 226 
kula 226 
kuldi 223 
kumbl 223 
kunnr 224 
kurfr 225 
kussa 225 
kussi 225 
kváSa 227 
kvaka 227 
kván 230 
kvEemr 229 
kveóa 229 
kveoja 226 
kvefja 226 
kveina 226 
kveisa 227 
kveld 227 
kvelja 227 



kvennmadr 228 
kverk 228 
kvern 228 
kvernsteinn 228 
kveykva 230 
kviSr 227, 230 
kviká 230 
kvikfé 230 
kvikr 230 
kvisa 230 
kvol 227 
kvostr 227 
kylr 223 
kýmiligr 231 
kyn 224 
kynborinn 224 
kynda 224 
kyndi 224 
kynna 224 
kynni 224 
kýr 219 
kyrkja 228 
kyrr 229 
kyrtill 225 
kyssa 225 

láS 244 

laSa 237 
lag 231 
lág 244 
laga 231 
lágr 244 
lakan 234 
lakr 234 
lamb 234 
lami 234 
lán 232 
land 235 
landamaeri 255 
landbúi 235 
landi 235 
landkaup 235 
landsiár 235 
landskapr 235 
landskyld 235 
langa 236 
langaeS 1 1 
langcer 235 
langlífr 235 
langr 235 
langraekr 235 
langvé 468 
lasmeyrr 236 
láss 235 
lát 244 
lata 237 
látá 244 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



307 



lati 237 
latr 237 
lau6r 239 
lauf 237 
laug 238 
laukr 239 
laun 238 
laupr 239 
lausordr 239 
lauss 239 
lausung 239 
lausyrSi 239 
laut 239 
lax 232 
lcegS 244 
lsegr 

kekna 244 
ker 231 
kevirki 234 
lé 243 
léa 247 
le3r 241 
leorhosa 241 
leggja 231 
legr 240 
leió 232 
leioa 232 
leioa 234 
leioindr 233 
lei8r 233 
leifa 232 
leigt 244 
leika 232 
leikr 233 
leir 234 
leistr 233 
leita 469 
leká 240 
lekr 240 
lemd 234 
lemja 234 
lend 235 
lenda 235 
lengd 236 
lengja 236 
leppr 236 
lesa 241 
leti 237 
letja 237 
létta 241 
léttligr 240 
léttr 240 
leyfa 238 
leygr 238 
leysa 239 
1Í3 245 
lía 249 



lí5a 248 
liSlauss 246 
liSr 246 
liougr 246 
líf 247 
lifa 245 
líflauss 247 
lífligr 247 
lifna 245 
lifr 245 
liggja 240 
lík 247 
líka 248 
líkami 247 
líki 248 
líkja 248 
líkmaSr 247 
líkna 248 
líkr 247 
lim 246 
lim 248 
limheiU 246 
lín 248 
lína 248 
lind 240 
lindi 240 
linnormr 241 
linnr 241 
linr 246 
list 246 
lista 248 
listugr 246 
lita 469 
lítill 248 
litr 469 
litverpr 457 
ljó5 243 
ljóóa 243 
ljóSsongr 243 
ljómi 242 
ljóss 242 
ljótr 243 
ljúfr 241 
ljúga 242 
ló 238 
loSi 252 
loSinn 242 
lof 249 
lofa 249 
lofgjarn 249 
lófi 249 
lóg 249 
log 250 
logi 250 
lok 250 
loká 250 
lokka 250 



508 



INDICES 



lokkr 250 
lopt 249 
los 251 
losa 251 
losna 251 
IqS 237 
lggkoeni 219 
lggr 231 
Ion 236 
loskr 237 
lrjstr 232 
lúka 252 
lús 252 
lúta 252 
lýor 242 
lyf 249 
lygi 250 
lypta 249 
lýsa 242 
lyst 251 
lýti 243 

má 252 
maokr 264 
maor 260 
maSra 252 
magi 253 
magna 253 
magr 253 
mágr 269 
maki 257 
makki 260 
makligr 257 
makr 257 
mál 263, 269-270 
malá 257 
mála 264 
malmr 258 
málnytr 290 
malr 257 
malt 258 
man 259 
mánaSr 270 
manga 259 
mangr 259 
máni 270 
manna 260 
mannbaldr 33 
mannfor 260 
mannkyn 260 
mannlauss 260 
mannlíkan 260 
mannoeli 260 
mannsemi 317 
mannvitull 464 
már 256 
mara 262 



margfalda 9 1 
margfaldligr 90 
mark 262 
marka 262 
markland 262 
marr 261 
mars vin 261 
mát 271 
matlauss 263 
matr 263 
máttigr 254 
máttlauss 254 
máttr 254 
maurr 264 
nuegá 269 
maekir 269 
maela 263, 270 
mEelir 270 
mír 254 
nuera 270 
m<erS 270 
maerr 270 
msetr 271 
me5 268 
meg5 253 
megin 253 
meginn 253 
meginverk 253 
megra 253 
megri 253 
meioa 254 
meiSr 254 
mein 255 
meina 255 
meineiSr 254 
meinfullr 255 
meinligr 255 
meinn 255 
meinsvari 255, 392 
meir 257 
meiri 257 
meisingr 256 
meiss 255 
meita 256 
Meiti 256 
meitill 256 
mek 83 
mél 268 
meldr 257 
melta 258 
men 260 
mengi 259 
mennskr 260 
mér 83 
mergr 264 
merja 262 
merki 262 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



.31)9 



merkja 262 
merr 261 
mestr 256 
meta 268 
metja 263 
meyla 254 
miSgarSr 264 
miSja 264 
miaia 265 
miSr 264 
míga 272 
mikill 265 
mikilligr 265 
mikla 265 
mildi 266 
mildr 266 
milska 266 
milti 267 
min 83 
mínn 273 
minna 268 
minni 268 
minnr 271 
mislíkr 272 
missa 272 
missari 272 
mistilteinn 271 
mistr 271 
mjaltr 267 
mjólk 267 
mjólka 267 
mjór 256 
mjcjSm 265 
mJQÓr 265 
mJQÓrann 265 
mjgk 265 
mJQl 267 
MJQUnir 266 
mJQtuSr 268 
mó3a 273 
móSerni 273 
móSir 273 
móSr 273-274 
móSsefi 273 
móóugr 273 
mold 275 
moldvegr 275 
móna 274 
mór 278 
morS 277 
morSverk 277 
morgingJQf 276 
morginn 276 
mosi 277 
mót 274 
motti 278 
mrxSa 274 



mceSi 274 
mcerr 274 
mceta 274 
mrjgr 253 
mrjlr 258 
mcjlva 258 
mgn 260 
mcjndull 259 
mgrůr 261 
mrjrk 262 
mgrr 261 
mrjskvi 262 
mgsurr 263 
muSla 275 
múgi 278 
múli 278 
mund 275 
munda 275 
Mundffl 275 
mundr 275 
munnharpa 163 
munni 276 
munnr 276 
munr 276 
murra 277 
mús 278 
mý 278 
myla 278 
mylda 275 
mylja 275 
myln 266 
mynd 275 
myrSa 277 
mýrisnípa 358 
myrkr 268 

ná 286 
náS 287 
naSr 279 
na6ra 286 
nafarr 279 
nam 279 
nafn 280 
nafni 280 
nafnliga 280 
náfrcendi 286 
nagl 279 
nál 287 
náligr 286 
nám 286 
námágr 286 
nand 286 
nár 283 
nátt 279 
náttfugl 279 
nauč 282 
nauSga 282 



510 



INDICES 



nauSigr 282 
nauSsyn 282 
naut 282 
nautr 282 
nautreki 30 1 
návist 286 
narfr 286 
nraia 287 
nimr 286 
né 283 
neSan 287 
neSri 289 
nef 279 
nefa 283 
nefi 283 
nefna 280 
nefnd 280 
negla 279 
neinn 283 
nemá 284 
nenna 281 
nes 281 
nést 284 
nesta 284 
net 281 
netja 282 
neySa 283 
neyta 282 
ní 289 
níS 289 
níSa 289 
niSr 287, 289 
niSra 289 
ni6ri 289 
nipt 283 
nisti 284 
níu 285 
níund 285 
níundi 285 
njól 283 
njóta 285 
nór 289 
norSan 289 
norSr 289 
Noregr 289 
nót 289-290 
noefr 289 
noegS 289 
nQf 279 
nokkvi 280 
nQkkviSr 280 
Norva 281 
nQs 281 
nú 289 
núa 285 
nýjung 285 
nykr " 287 



nýr 284 
nýra 285 
nýsa 284 
nyt 290 
nytja 290 
nýtr 290 
nytsamr 290 

oddhvass 436 
oddr 436 
óSal 290 
ó8altorfa 291 
oSli 27 
Ó8r 469 
of 432 
ofan 432 
ofanverSr 456 
ofarr 432 
ofn 433 
ófcera 110 
ofra 432 
óhoefS 181 
ok 207 
oka 207 
oki 207 
okr 469 
ómr 469 
óp 470 
opinn 435 
opinskár 337 
opna 435 
opt 433 
ór 436 
or5 475 
or3a 475 
oróigr 475 
oróvíss 475 
orf 476 
órlausn 239 
ormgarSr 476 
ormr 476 
orri 436 
ósk 475 
óspáligr 364 
oss 460 
óss 290 
otr 436 
ótta 435 

oeSa 469 

oeSi 469 

oeSli 291 

oefa 290 

oefr 290 

oegja 290 

okkr 84 

oepa 470 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



311 



on- 25 
0x 12 

Qolask 27 
Qolingr 2 7 
ofugr 2 
Qgn 3 
ggr 4 
Qkkla 20 
q1 16 
Qlbekkr 1 7 
gld 13 
qIIiús 1 7 
oUungis 1 6 
(jln 14 
olnbogi 1 4 
Qlpt 13 
olr 17 
olunn 1 6 
cjlvcerr 1 6 
Qnd 18, 21 
Qngr 1 9 
Qngull 1 9 
Qnn 31 
or 23 
orS 23 
Qi-n 24 
qit 25 
Qrskreior 
Qsp 26 
oxl 5 
qxuII 5 

pálí 291 
penningr 291 
pinni 291 
pípa 292 
plagg 292 
plógr 292 
poki 293 
posi 293 
pottr 293 
prjónn 293 
pungr 293 
púss 294 
pyttr 293 

rá 294-295, 471 
rábukkr 295 
ráS 304 
ráSa 303 
ráSbani 303 
ráSgjafi 303 
ráSlauss 303 
ráSsnotr 304 
ráf 304 
rafr 294 



43 



rak 296 
raka 297 
rakki 297 
rakkr 297 
rakr 296 
rámerki 295 
rammr 297 
rangr 471 
rann 300 
raptr 294 
rás 304 
řása 304 
rata 47 1 
rauSbrúnn 298 
rauSi 299 
rau8r 299 
rauf 298 
raufa 298 
raun 299 
rseSi 304 
ra;kja 472 
raekr 472 
refill 294 
refsa 294 
regn 300 
regna 294, 300 
regnbogi 300 
regnskúr 300 
reiS 295 
rei5a 295, 471 
rei3i 47 1 
reiór 47 1 
reifa 295 
rein 296 
reini 470 
reip 296 
reipa 296 
reisa 296 
reista 471 
reka 296, 471 
reitr 471 
reka 301, 471 
rekja 296 
rekkja 297 
rekkr 302 
renna 297 
reptá 308 
rétta 301, 471 
rétti 301 
rétting 30 1 
réttligr 300 
réttr 300-301 
reyfa 298 
reykja 299 
reykr 299 
reyrr 299 
reyta 299 



512 



INDICES 



rí5a 305, 473 
ridi 304 
ri3ull 473 
rif 300, 304 
rífa 305 
rífr 305 
riga 471 
ríkdómr 305 
ríki 305 
ríkja 305 
ríkr 305 
rim 302 
rím 305 
rimi 302 
rinna 302 
rípr 306 
ript 304 
rísa 306 
risi 472 
rist 472 
rista 304 
rísta 306 
rit 472 
rit 473 
ríta 473 
rjóáa 302 
rjóSr 302-303 
rjómi 303 
rjóta 303 
rjúfa 303 
rjúka 303 
ró 307 
róa 306 
roSa 307, 309 
róSa 306 
roSi 307 
ró8r 307 
ro6ra 307 
róg 473 
rokkr 308 
rór 307 
roskirm 472 
roskvi 47 1 
rót 473 
rota 473 
rotinn 303 
rceSa 306 
roeóri 307 
roegja 473 
roekja 307 
roekr 307 
rcjdd 299 
rgS 294 
njkkr 301 
rgnd 297 
njng 47 1 
rgskr 297, 471 



r ? st 298 
ru5 307 
rugla 308 
rugr 308 
rúm 309 
Rúmaborg 309 
rumpr 308 
rúmr 309 
rún 310 
rúnastafr 310 
rúni 3 1 
runnr 308 
ruppa 309 
ryS 307 
rySja 307 
rýja 309 
rykkja 308 
rykkr 308 
rýma 309 
rýni 310 
rýra 303 
rýrr 303 
ryta 310 

sá 310, 327 
sáS 327 
saSr 310 
sáStími 327 
safi 319 
sága 311 
saka 315 
saki 315 
sakni 315 
sála 316 
sald 327 
salr 315 
salt 316 
salta 316 
saltfat 316 
saltr 316 
saltsteinn 316 
salvQrSr 315 
šaman 317 
sami 317 
samkund 230 
samkvceSr 229 
samkynja 317 
samlíkr 317 
samna 317 
samnaSr 317 
samning 317 
samr 317 
sámr 327 
samtengr 40 1 
samtýnis 413 
samvist 317 
sandkorn 318 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



313 



sandr 318 
sanna 318 
sanngetall 1 33 
sannligr 319 
sannr 3 1 8—3 1 9 
sannsQgull 311 
sannyrSi 475 
sár 312-313 
sárligr 313 
sárr 313 
sát 328 
sáta 328 
sáttr 312 
sauflr 319 
saumr 320 
saup 320 
sax 312 
sada 327 
sadd 327 
sadí 327 
sadligr 327 
sir 314 
ssera 313 
sa;tí 328 
SEett 328 
seSja 311 
sef 328 
sefi 311 
seggr 3 1 2 
segi 3 1 1 
segja 311 
segl 322 
sei6r 312-313 
seigr 312 
seil 3 1 3 
seimr 313 
seina 313 
seinn 313 
sekkr 315 
selja 315-316 
selr 323 
semja 317 
senda 3 1 8 
senná 318 
sér 326 
seróa 325 
serkr 319 
sess 325 
set 325 
seti 326 
setja 319 
setr 326 
sétt 322 
sétti 322 
sex 322 
seyma 320 
seyrask 320 



sía 329-330 
síSa 313, 329 
siSa 321 
siSlauss 32 1 
siSr 321 
síSr 329-330 
siSsamr 32 1 
siSugr 32 1 
sif 320 
sig 328 
síga 329 
sigSr 322 
sigla 322 
sigr 322 
sigra 322 
sígroenn 324 
sik 323 
sík 330 
síkr 330 
silfr 328 
silírsmiSr 329 
šili 328 
síma 330 
simul 324 
sin 329 
sindr 324 
síngjarn 330 
sinn 325, 330 
sinna 325 
sinni 325 
sitja 325 
sjá 323 
sjaldan 323 
sjaldsénn 323 
sjálfr 323 
sjau 32 1 
sjaund 321 
sjaundi 32 1 
sjóborg 314 
sjódýr 314 
sjóSa 326 
sjóSr 326 
sjóíiskr 314 
Sjóland 314 
sjóli 321 
sjómaSr 314 
sjón 322 
sjóvegr 314 
sjúkdómr 326 
sjúkr 326 
skaSa 336 
skadi 336 
skafa 330—331 
skafl 331 
skagi 331 
skaka 332 
skakkr 334 



514 



INDICES 



skal 332 
škál 339 
skálgi 332 
skálkr 332-333 
skálm 333 
skamma 333 
skammlaus 333 
skammr 333 
skap 334 
skapá 334 
skapt 331 
skarS 335 
skarfr 334 
skarn 335 
skarpr 335 
skart 335 
skattr 336 
skauf 336 
skaut 337 
skauti 337 
skajva 340 
skeSja 336 
skegg 331 
skeggox 37 
skeiS 332 
skeioa 332 
skeifr 331 
skeina 331 
skekkja 334 
skel 332 
skelfa 332 
skelfiskr 332 
skelgjask 338 
skelkja 333 
skelkr 338 
skella 332^333 
skellr 333 
skemma 333 
skemmd 333 
skepja 334 
skeppa 334 
skepta 331 
skepti 331 
sker 335 
skera 338 
skeráa 335 
skeyta 337 
ski 341 
ski3 341 
skífa 341 
skilda 337 
skilja 338 
skillingr 338 
skima 340 
skími 341 
skin 340 
skina 341 



skinn 338 
skip 340 
skipa 341 
skipferS 340 
skipmadr 340 
skipstjóri 341 
skipta 340 
skira 342 
skírr 341 
skíta 342 
skítr 342 
skjaldborg 337 
skjálf 337 
skjálfa 337 
skjálgr 338 
skjalla 338 
skjallr 338 
skjól 339 
skjómi 339 
skjór 172, 339 
skjóta 339 
skjótr 339 
skjgldr 337 
skóf 342 
skokkr 345 
škola 348 
skolpr 345 
skop 346 
skopa 346 
skoppa 346 
skopt 345 
skór 342 
skorá 346 
skorpinn 335 
skorta 346 
skortr 346 
skot 346 
skota 347 
skozkr 347 
skoera 342 
skokull 332 
skom 333 
skór 335 
skrá 344 
skrafa 342 
skráma 344 
skrapa 344 
skrati 344 
skréekja 344 
skreiS 343 
skreiSask 343 
skreppa 344 
skríóa 344 
skriSaU 344 
skrior 344 
skript 344 
skrúS 345 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



315 



skrýoa 345 
skúa 342 
skúfa 347 
skuggi 347 
skunda 345 
skůr 347 
skurór 346 
skuta 347 
skutili 346 
skútr 347 
skvakka 348 
ský 341 
skyggva 347 
skýla 339 
skyld 345 
skylda 345 
skyldr 345 
skynda 345 
skyrta 346 
skyti 347 
skytja 347 
slá 348 
slag 348 
slaga 348 
slagr 348 
slakr 349 
slátta 348 
sláttr 348 
slaer 349 
sleSi 350 
sleggja 348 
sleipr 349 
sleita 349 
slétta 35 1 
sléttr 350 
slíSr 351 
slíkr 35 
šlím 351 
slit 351 
slita 351 
slita 351 
sljóva 349 
sloSra 352 
slok 352 
slokinn 349 
sloppr 352 
slota 352 
sloeSa 352 
slokkva 349 
slongva 349 
slý 351 
slyngva 350 
smáli 353 
smalr 353 
smár 354 
smeittr 352 
smeygja 353 



390 



smío 355 
smiobelgr 354 
smíoi 355 
smioja 355 
smior 354 
smjor 353 
smjúga 354 
smokkr 355 
smuga 355 
smyrill 354 
smyrsl 354 
smyrva 354 
snákr 356 
snapa 356 
snara 356 
snarpr 356 
snarr 356 
sňata 357 
snauSr 357 
snžhvítr 355 
snsr 76, 355 
sneiS 355 
sneiSa 355 
sneiSingr 355 
sneis 356 
sneisa 356 
snekkja 356 
snellask 356 
snepill 358 
snerpa 356 
sneyoa 357 
snió 358 
sníoa 358 
snioill 358 
snigill 357 
snilli 357 
snimma 357 
snjallr 357 
snjóva 356 
snoSinn 358 
snoggr 357 
snopa 359 
snotr 359 
snosfr 358 
snosri 359 
snor 359 
snubba 359 
snúor 360 
snuára 359 
snySja 359 
snýr 358 
snýta 360 
so5 388 
soSáll 5 
sofa 392 
sofna 393 
sog 385 



516 



INDICES 



sókn 360 
sól 361 
Soleyjar 385 
sómi 360 
són 360 
sonardreyri 387 
sópa 397 
sopi 388 
soppa 388 
soppr 398 
sorg 388 
sorgfullr 388 
sót 360 
sótt 385 
soefa 397 
soegr 397 
soekja 360 
soema 360 
soemr 360 
soeti 398 
soetr 398 
sgSulbogi 3 1 1 
sqSuII 3 1 1 
SQg 311 
SQgn 311 
sok 315 
sokk 318, 325 
sokkva 318, 325 
sglr 316 
songr 3 1 8 
SQrvi 319 
spá 363 
spa8 36 1 
spaning 362 
spann 362 
spánn 364 
spár 364 
spára 362 
sparr 362 
sparri 363 
spengja 361 
spěni 362 
spenja 362 
spenna 362 
spenzl 362 
sperra 363 
spettr 365 
špik 365 
spík 365 
spiki 365 
spil 365 
spilla 364 
spinna 364 
spíra 365 
spjald 363 
spjall 363 
spjalla 363 



spjalli 363 
spjót 364 
spjor 364 
spor 367 
spora 367 
sporór 367 
sporhundr 367 
spori 368 
sporná 367 
spott 368 
spotta 368 
spotti 368 
spgng 361 
sponn 362 
sprjrr 363 
spgrrhaukr 363 
spraekr 367 
sprek 366 
sprengja 366 
spretta 366 
springa 366 
sproti 367 
sprunga 367 
spýja 365 
spyrja 367 
spyrna 367 
spýta 368 
staSfastr 368 
staSfesti 95 
staSi 373 
staolausa 239 
staSlauss 368 
staSr 368-369 
stafa 368 
stafn 371 
stafr 368 
stafróf 306 
stag 369 
staka 370 
stakkr 370 
stakr 370 
stakra 370 
stál 369 
stalli 370 
staUr 370 
stamma 371 
stamr 370 
Standa 37 1 
stapi 372 
stappa 371 
stará 372 
stari 372 
starr 372 
staup 373 
staurr 373 
stauta 373 
stáda 369 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



317 



steója 372 

stefna 368, 371, 373 

steggi 369 

steina 370 

steinbogi 369 

steinborg 369 

steindelfr 70 

steinhús 369 

steinn 369 

steinofn 369 

stekkr 370 

stela 374 

stelkr 374 

stelling 374 

stemma 371 

sterkr 372 

sterta 372 

stertr 376 

stétt 377 

steypa 373 

steyta 373 

steytr 373 

stía 377 

stífla 378 

stig 377 

stíga 378 

stigr 377 

stígr 378 

stigreip 377 

štika 378 

stikill 378 

stilla 374 

stinga 374 

stinnr 375 

stirdr 375 

stira 379 

stirtla 376 

stjaka 374 

stjaki 374 

stjarfi 375 

stjarna 375 

stjórn 377 

stjórr 377 

stjglr 374 

stjúpbarn 376 

stjúpdóttir 376 

stjúpfaňir 376 

stjúpmóSir 376 

stjúpsonr 376 

stóS 379, 382 

stóóhross 379 

stóňmerr 379 

stofa 382 

stokka 383 

stokkr 383 

stóll 379 

storS 383 



storkna 384 
storkr 384 
stormr 384 
stórr 379 
stosda 379 
stosra 379 
stc.5 369 
stQĎugr 368 
stQĎull 373 
stQkkr 371 
stQkkva 371, 375 
stQng 371 
stQpull 372 
stra 381 
strangligr 380 
strangr 380 
straumr 380 
strengja 380 
strengr 380 
stríó' 381 
stríóa 382 
stríór 382 
strind 381 
strjúka 381 
str Q nd 380 
strútr 382 
strýkva 382 
stubbr 382 
stuSffl 382 
stúfr 384 
stúka 384 
stund 383 
stunda 383 
stupa 384 
stútr 385 
stuttr 383 
stySja 382 
stýfa 384 
styggr 383 
stykki 383 
stynja 383 
stynr 383 
stýra 377 
stýri 377 
stýrimaSr 376 
styrja 384 
styrma 384 
styrr 384 
stytta 383 
sú 310 
súů 388 
suár 387 
suároenn 387 
sufl 385 
súga 388 
súl 389 
sullr 398 



518 



INDICES 



sultr 398 
sum(b)l 386 
sumardagr 386 
sumarlangr 386 
sumarr 386 
sumartíS 386 
sumr 385 
sumra 386 
sumrungr 386 
sund 386 
sundr 386 
sundra 387 
sunna 387 
sunnan 387 
sunr 388 
supa 389 
súreygr 389 
súrr 389 
svá 397 
svaS 392 
Sváfaland 395 
svála 390 
svangr 391 
svanr 391 
svar 391 
svara 392 
svarf 391 
svarfa 39 1 
svárr 396 
svartr 392 
svásligr 396 
sváss 396 
sváda 396 
svaera 393 
svefja 389 
svefn 392 
sveifla 389 
sveigja 389 
sveima 389 
sveimr 389 
sveinn 390 
sveipa 390 
sveipr 390 
sveitask 390 
sveiti 390 
sveigja 394 
svelgr 390 
svell 394 
svella 390, 394 
svelta 390, 394 
sverS 395 
sverňberendr 395 
sverňfetill 395 
sverfa 395 
sverja 391 
svífa 397 
svik 396 



svikall 396 
svíkva 397 
svimi 397 
svimma 394 
svín 397 
svina 396 
svínhirSir 397 
svinnligr 394 
svinnr 394 
svipa 396 
svipr 396 
svíri 395 
svQppr 39 1 
svQrár 391 
sySri 387 
syfja 385 
syfla 385 
sýja 329 
sykn 393 
syll 394 
sylla 385 
syn 386 
syngva 324 
syni 323 
sýnn 322 
sýr 389 
syrgja 388 
sýsl 326, 388 
systir 395 

tá 399 
ta6a 398 
tafn 398 
tág 406 
tagl 398 
tak 400 
taká 400 
tal 400 
tál 406 
tála 400-401 
talg 400 
tálma 400 
tamr 401 
tandri 40 1 
tangi 401 
tanna 40 1 
tannlauss 401 
tapa 402 
tappi 402 
tár 399 
tara 402 
targa 402 
tárughlýra 399 
taška 402 
taufr 402 
taug 403 
taumr 403 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



319 



teda 406 
té 403 
teSja 398 
teigr 399 
teikn 399 
teikna 399 
teina 399 
teinn 399 
teita 400 
Teiti 400 
teitr 400 
telja 400 
temja 401 
tenda 40 1 
tengja 401 
teppa 402 
teygja 402 
teyma 403 
tí8 407 
tíSa 407 
tifa 406 
tífurr 406 
tigi 406 
-tigr 403 
tik 407 
tilr 407 
tima 408 
timbr 404 
timbra 404 
tími 408 
tin 407 
tindr 404 
tírr 408 
titra 407 
tíu 404 
tíundi 403 
tjald 404 
tjálgr 404 
tjara 405 
tjó5r 405 
tjóSra 405 
tjón 405 
tó 408 
toddi 411 
tog 411 
toga 411 
toginn 405 
tólf 413 
tólfti 413 
tómr 408 
toppr 412 
topt 412 
tordyfiU 451 
toroyfill 413 
torf 412 
torfa 413 
torfoeri 110 



toema 408 
tong 401 
tonn 401 
trani 220 
traust 409 
traustlauss 409 
traustiigr 409 
traustr 409 
tré 409 
treoja 408 
tregi 409 
treysta 409 
troo 410 
tro5a 410 
trog 410 
troll 410 
troUkyndr 223 
tros 411 
troo 408 
trú 41 1 
trúa 411 
trú3r 411 
tryggá 410 
tryggja 410 
tryggr 410 
Tryggvi 410 
trygill 410 
trylla 410 
tumba 411 
tún 413 
tundr 412 
tunga 412 
tungl 412 
tvá 415 
tvau 415 
tvér 415 
tveir 4 1 5 
tvénn 414 
tvinna 414 
tvisvar 414 
tyggja 213 
tygill 411 
tylft 414 
rýna 405 
tyrfa 413 

bá 415-416 
Mra 418 
bak 415 
bakka 416 
bamba 415 
bána 418 
banán 416 
bar 416 
barf 417 
baríá 417 
barfr 417 



520 



INDICES 



Jiarmr 417 
pat 417 
páttr 423 
pa:gr 423 
Ijcfa 418 
t>efja 415 
pegja 415 
t>egn 418 
Jiegngildi 4 1 8 
pekja 415 
t>ekkja 416 
t>ekkr 416 
pel 419 
t>engill 416 
Jienja 416 
Jierfiligr 4 1 7 
terna 375, 419 
Jierra 417 
péttr 421 
pexla 419 
peyja 418 
peyr 418 
peysa 418 
peyta 418 
piSurr 422 
ťiggja 418 
Jiili 420 
pilja 420 
pín 423 
pind 420 
ping 420 
pinga 420 
tinghús 420 
Jringlogi 250 
JringmaSr 420 
pingstaor 420 
t>ísl 421 
luštili 419 
Ijjá 419 
pjarfr 421 
Jijarka 421 
pjó 423 
ťjóo 423 
pjó8ann 422 
Jijóokonungr 422 
pjó31and 422 
Jijóovegr 422 
pjófr 422 
pjokkr 419 
fjjokkva 419 
ťjóna 418 
Jriónusta 419 
pjórr 423 
pjóta 423 
pó 418 
pokki 429 



póla 428 
pollr 428 
pópta 428 
pora 429 
pori 429 
porn 430 
torna 430 
porp 430 
porskr 430 
porsti 430 
pot 430 
póttr 429 
t>Qrf 417 
prá 425 
práSr 426 
tiramma 424 
prapt 424 
prár 425 
trasa 425 
praut 425 
prahli 424 
prefa 424 
brekkr 425 
Jirekr 424 
t>rennr 427 
prep 426 
preskoldr 426 
preyta 425 
priSi 427 
t>rifgjafi 130 
prír 425 
prjóta 426 
prjótr 426 
pró 427 
t>rongsl 424 
prot 427 
proti 427 
próttr 427 
Jiromr 424 
tirQng 424 
JirQngr 424 
t>rongva 424 
J)rQstr 425 
fmiohamarr 428 
prúga 427 
£>ruma 427 
fmitinn 428 
prymill 427 
f)rymr 427 
t>ryngva 426 
prýsta 428 
pú 428 
púfa 431 
pulr 428 
Jmmalfingr 431 
Jnimlungr 431 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



321 



t>ungr 428 
tmnnr 429 
Jninnvangi 429 
tmrfi 429 
tmrr 430 
burs 429 
Kisund 431 
{)vá 431 
Kál 431 
Jívengr 431 
Jíverkyrfa 225 
Kerr 432 
pýSa 422 
pýSerskr 422 
pý3r 423 
t»ýf3 422 
pýfi 422 
pykkja 429 
t>ykt 419 
t>ynna 429 
pyrft 429 
pyrill 432 
Jiyrnir 430 
pyrsta 430 
pyss 430 
pytr 431 

úfr 436 
ugla 436 
ugp 190 
úkúór 224 
ulfr 473 
uU 474 
Ullr 474 
umb 434 
una 475 
und 434, 474 
unda 474 
undan 434 
undir 434 
undorn 434 
undr 474 
ungi 208 
ungligr 207 
ungr 207 
unna 435 
unnr 435 
upp 435 
upphaf 147 
uppi 435 
uppstertr 376 
uppstiga 377 
ups 432 
úr 437 
urS 476 
UrSr 475 



úrigr 437 
úrr 437 
urt 476 
ušli 436 
út 437 
útan 437 
útarr 437 
úti 437 
uxi 433 

vá 441 
va8 438 
vád 460 
vaSa 438 
vaSr 438 
váfallr 91 
vafi 438 
vafla 437 
vafra 437 
vág 460 
vaga 439 
vagga 439 
vagn 439 
vágr 460 
vaka 441-442 
vakinn 44 1 
vakka 447 
vakna 442 
vakr 442, 445 
vákr 445 
val 442 
vála 444 
vald 443 
valda 443 
valdr 443 
valdreyri 442 
valfall 442 
valhnot 444 
valir 444 
valk 444 
válka 444 
valkyrja 442 
valr 443 
valskr 444 
valtr 444 
vamm 445 
vammlauss 445 
ván 46 1 
vanask 447 
vanda 446 
vandr 446 
vangi 447 
vangr 446 
vangsni 438 
vanheill 445 
váni 447 



522 



INDICES 



vanr 446 
vanrétti 301 
vansa 447 
vápn 46 1 
vápnlauss 461 
vappa 447 
vár 461 
vara 449-450 
var8a 448 
varShús 448 
varSmaSr 448 
vargr 448 
vargtré 448 
vargúlfr 463 
vari 450 
varligr 447 
varmr 449 
varna 449 
varnagli 449 
varp 450 
varr 447 
várr 435 
varta 450 
vaska 450 
vátadrífa 462 
vata 45 1 
vátr 462 
váttr 439 
vax 439 
vaxa 439 
vřeSa 460 
vasgi 460 
včegja 460 
vícgr 460 
vícna 461 
vícnd 461 
vcenn 46 1 
vEeringi 46 1 
vřerr 46 1 
vacta 462 
vaett 453 
vaettr 452 
vé 466 
ve3 438 
veája 438 
veSr 452, 459 
veSrdagr 45 1 
veárleikr 452 
vefa 45 1 
vefja 438 
vefr 437 
vega 452, 465 
vegalauss 452 
vegfarandi 452 
veggr 439, 441 
vegnest 452 



vegr 452 
vegsama 317 
vei 440 
veiSa 441 
veiSimaár 441 
veiSr 441 
veifa 440 
veig 440 
veikjask 440 
veikligr 440 
veikr 440 
veina 440 
veipa 44 1 
veisa 44 1 
veit 441 
veita 441 
vekja 442 
vekra 442 
vel 454 
vél 451 
veldi 443 
velja 444 
vella 444, 453 
velta 444, 454 
venda 446 
venja 447 
veptr 452 
ver 449 
vér 460 
vera 459 
verS 457 
verda 457 
verSglasi 1 35 
verSligr 457 
verSr 458 
verja 449-451 
verk 456 
verka 457 
verkdagr 456 
verkhús 456 
verki 457 
verkmaár 456 
verma 449 
verQld 462 
verpa 457 
verpill 450 
verr 457, 463 
verri 45 7 
verstr 457 
vertyóň 463 
vesa 458 
vesall 458 
vesl 458 
vestan 459 
vestrcenn 459 
vetr 455 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



323 



vexa 439 
vídd 465 
viS 464 
ví8a 465 
viSbeina 464 
víSfaSmr 465 
víSir 468 
vi3ja 464 
vi8r 462, 464 
víSr 465 
viSra 452 
víf 464 
vífandi 465 
víg 465 
vigg 452 
vígharSr 465 
vígja 465 
vígligr 465 
vígmaňr 465 
vígr 465 
vígsla 465 
vígsgk 465 
vík 466 
vika 462 
víkva 466 
vil 453 
vili 453 
vilja 453 
villibráS 454 
villidýr 454 
villr 454 
vimpill 454 
vin 455 
vín 467 
vínbelgr 466 
vínber 466 
vínbyrli 466 
vinda 454—455 
vindr 454-455 
víndrukkinn 466 
vindslot 352 
vínfat 467 
víngarSr 467 
vínhús 467 
vinna 455 
vinr 455 
vinstri 455 
víntré 467 
viróa 458 
virgill 456 
virki 45 7 
virkja 457 
vírr 467 



virtr 457 
visa 468 
vísdómr 467 
visi 468 
visinn 467 
vísir 44 1 
visk 463 
vísligr 467 
visna 463 
viss 463 
víss 467 
vist 459 
vísundr 463 
vit 459, 463 
viti 464 
víti 468 
vitka 468 
vitki 468 
vitlauss 463 
vitr 464 
vitugr 464 
víxl 462 
víxla 462 
vqSví 45 1 
vQk 442 
vgkr 442 
vgldugr 443 
VQflr 445 
vQlr 445 
vqK 444 
vgmb 445 
vQndr 446 
vQndull 446 
vQr 449 
vqtót 448 
vQrn 449 
V(jrr 450 
VQttr 447 
VQxtr 439 

yfir 433 
ykkar 84, 208 
ylgr 474 
ýlir 205 
ýmiss 272 
ynglingr 207 
yppa 435 
ýr 203 
yr5a 475 
yr3i 475 
yrki 476 
yrkja 476 
ýskja 475 
ýta 437 



524 



INDICES 



Icelandic 



banga 35 
bulla 62 

dulinn 8 1 

gill 1 35 
gloppa 137 

hljóour 1 76 
hneikja 179 
hnissa 1 80 
hnokki 181 
húslaukr 196 
hvella 200 

íhvolfr 198 

lá 232 
leSja 231 
lepja 236 

maka 257 
maltr 258 
mjaourt 265 
moltinn 267 



pota 293 
prik 293 
prika 293 

sangr 318 
skolpa 348 
skríkja 344 
skrolta 344 
skúrr 347 
snorkinn 357 
spaói 361 
spóla 365 
strokkr 382 

tíeja 399 
tóa 403 
to ta 413 

bél 421 

vás 462 
vinstr 447 
vippa 462 
vókull 442 
volgr 443 



Norwegian 



aul 29 

baus 40 
beitel 33 
blakra 47 
bradd 55 
brake 54 
bringe 55 
brusk 59 
budda 6 1 
busa 65 
busk 64 

digen 72 
dott 80 
drynja 77 
dryn 77 

nade 105 
fnas 109 
foyr 96 
frakkr 1 1 1 

gamp 125 
gir 135 
glan 1 35 



glima 


136 


glóm 


137 


glora 


137 


gluma 


137 


glyra 


137 


gnadra 137 


gnarra 


i 138 


grymt; 


i 140 


hegn 


150 


hendig 159 


labb 


231 


lygn 


250 


melde 


266 


nos ! 


289 


orre 


436 


os 470 


oma 


470 


plug 


292 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



325 



rams 1 84 

rand 297 

rind 302 

rusá 310 

růst 195 

skadd 331 
skank 334 
skarra 336 
skere 335 
skramp 344 
skravla 342 
skrella 344 
skrokka 344 
skvelpa 348 
slidra 350 
slump 352 
sló 352 
sluka 352 
smaul 278 
smeita 352 
směle 353 
smolt 353 
snerpa 357 
snópa 358 
snor 359 
snott 359 
snukka 359 
snůt 360 
soyra 320 
špit 365 



splint 365 
spytta 368 
stá 377 
stim 378 
stokka 375 
strlpa 382 
strak 380 
strekkja 380 
strika 381 
strop 382 
stroypa 38 1 
stur 385 
svabba 389 
svarmr 391 
svíma 397 
svintoks 415 
syl 329 

tot 413 
treda 409 
treen 410 
trykkja 427 
tvinga 431 
tvisl 414 
tvist 414 

varulf 463 
veis 441 
vexa 439 
vond 446 



Old Swedish 



aljes 15 

bagn 32 
Biari 43 
bob 52 
brádhin 56 
buňka 62 

daeggia 67 
dia 72 
diunga 70 

ěnliker 8 

fkste 95 
íkt 89 
fina 103 
fux 1 1 7 

gadder 121 
gjalla 131 
glida 136 



Gotar 147 
Gutar 147 

halith 155 
hela 152 
hinna 169 
hundari 193 
hva 199 
hvar 199 

jcemliker 82 

koadel 2 
krootas 222 
krýsta 221 

lakir 244 
kepi 241 
liuske 243 
ló 250 
loerikia 234 



52b 



INDICES 



molda 275 
morb 277 
mot 274 
mugga 275 

niupa 1 80 

oghn 433 

padda 291 
prang 293 

rita 306 

skiuva 339 
skríva 344 
skrunken 344 
smaelta 353 
sno6 358 



spaná 36 1 
spinnil 364 
sprěda 366 
stabga 368 
stríoa 381 
svér 393 

tra 409 

bryskia 426 
{mrni 431 
thvma 432 

vadla 453 

valmoghe 269 
vappel 447 
via 461 
vita 468 



Swedish 



aba 395 
ag 3 
armbáge 23 

bark 37 
bránad 58 
brind 55 
brůsa 60 



mes 256 
mjóldagg 266 
modd 278 
myra 268 

nodtharf 282 

ortagárd 435 



dm 70 

dodra 78 

gál 131 
glimma 136 
gnida 138 
gríopa 1 40 

hackspick 365 
harv 162 
hasselnot 1 64 
hwite 202 

jordbaer 85 
jordnot 85 

knagg 217 
kolk 223 
kulk 223 

lefverórt 245 
loppa 251 



pamp 291 
pipa 292 

raka 296 
regnorm 300 

skořVel 347 
skolla 345 
skorf 346 
skratta 344 
skrubba 345 
skuldra 345 
smacka 353 
smaka 353 
sóndra 387 
strutta 382 

tórst 430 

vaše 450 

yrga 476 
yster 436 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



527 



Old Danish 



blaa 47 
blóstr 50 

dokke 78 

harm 163 

kvade 227 



mior 262 

mós 274 

sasxte 322 

slum 352 

valm 444 

volm 444 

vrath 472 



žer 4 
bffle 46 
fald 91 
gjaelle lí 

kaa 211 



Danish 

quista 229 

skrub 344 
slaa 348 
slaatorn 348 
smelt 353 

tvige 414 

vann 447 



Old Frisian 



a 4, 10, 17 
a 5 

abcer 44 
acht 20 
achta 5 
achtunda 5 
af 1 
aga 6 
ágbrě 5 7 
age 29 
ák 29 
áka 29 
ald 13 
alevna 1 3 
aliknia 248 
aUe 16 
alond 4 
án 9 
and 18 
andlofta 8 
andlova 8 
andswara 
andwerda 475 
appel 2 1 
ar 4 

arbě(i)d 22 
áre 30 



392 



armboga 23 
áskia 9 
ater 1 
aththa 27 
axa 12 
axe 5 
axle 5 

bag 39 
baga 44 
báken 39 
balka 34 
balumon 34 
bám 39 
ban(n) 36 
band 35 
banna 36 
barg 37 
baria 40 
barna 54 
basafang 92 
básafeng 40 
bát 32 
bata 38 
be 44 
bč 46 
be(i)th 39 



523 



INDICES 



bed 32 
bedda 32 
bede 45 
bedrít 76 
bedselma 324 
beia 39 
bek 33 
bekward 448 
bčl 65 
běn 32 
bend 35 
benethe 35 
benk 36 
ber 36 

bera 41, 43, 64 
berch 42 
berd 36, 63 
berde 64 
berfót 40 
bern 37 
bernlás 37 
bersta 56 
bet 38 
beta 52 
betere 38 
běthe 52 
betst 38 
beva 45 
biáda 43 
biár 44 
brda 46 
bidda 45 
bidia 45 
bidriága 75 
bifella 97 
bifesta 95 
biginna 1 32 
bigrip 142 
bihella 191 
bihóf 181 
bihóvia 181 
bijáta 133 
bileka 240 
MřVa 247 
binda 4 1 
biseppen 330 
bita 46 
bitech 406 
bithioda 422 
bitze 33 
biwellen 453 
biwolven 200 
blat 48 
blau 49 
bled 46 
blěda 50 



blenda 47 
blesza 47 
bii 49 
blien 50 
bliká 49 
blind 48 
blinda 48 
blindia 48 
blod 50 
blodich 50 
blódrennand 50 
blódrisne 50 
blóia 50 
blóma 50 
bod 60 
bodá 6 1 
bodel 64 
bodem 6 1 
bodia 6 1 
bog 51 
boga 6 1 
bok 52 
bókia 52 
bona 36 
bonia 36 
bord 63 
borgia 63 
bosem 52 
boste 35 
bóte 52 
bódas 52 
brad 54 
brádgenza 126 
brand 54 
brěd 53 
brěda 57 
brěde 53 
bregge 58 
breid 59 
breida 55 
breidgoma 59 
breidgomo 1 46 
brein 53 
breka 55 
breud 53 
briast 56 
bringa 55 
brok 57 
brólop 59 
bróther 57 
brouwa 56 
browen 56 
bruka 60 
brun 60 
brust 59 
buckia 6 1 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



.329 



buk 64 
burch 63 
burna 56, 58 
buwa 52 
bůwa 53 

calf 209 
Crěcland 221 
dach 69 

dad 69 
daf 69 
damm 67 
damma 68 
datli 70 
dáw 70 
dawa 70 
děde 72 
deeg 66 
dei 66 
deiwerch 66 
del 67 
děl 67 
děla 67 
déle 67 
delga 78 
delva 70 
děma 73 
demeth 271 
depa 69 
derve 7 1 
diář 7 1 
diunk 68 
diure 7 1 
dochter 78 
dol 81 
dolg 78 
dom 73 
dracht 7 7 
draga 74 
drám 75 
drentza 74 
driápa 76 
drinka 75 
driva 76 
drohten 7 7 
dugethe 78 
dumb 79 
duně 80 
dung 79 
dur' 68 
duře 79 
důs 81 
důst 79 
důve 80 
dwa 73 



dwalia 8 1 
dwelia 8 1 

ebba 1 

edila 27 

eft 2 

efta 2 

efter 2 

egg i 3 

eggia 3 

ěgin 6 

ei 31 

eide 3 

ein 6 

ěk 7 

ekker 12 

ěl 87 

elde 14 

ellemachtich 254 

elles 1 5 

elmechtich 1 2 

enda 1 8 

endia 1 8 

enfald 8 

engelsk 1 9 

ěnich 8 

enoch 289 

enst 2 1 

epen 435 

epenia 435 

er 203 

ěr 9 

era 23 

erch 23 

ěre 1 1 

erfnoma 289 

erm 24 

ern 31 

erthe 86 

erthfall 85 

erthfest 85 

erva 22 

erve 22 

ervia 22 

esěn 327 

et 26 

ět 88 

eta 86 

ěth 10 

ěthel 290 

ethele 27 

etheling 2 7 

ěthma 87 

etta 27 

evel 433 

ěvend 2 



53n 



evenia 82 
čzen 7 

fa 92 
fach 89 
fal 91 
-fald 90 
falla 91 
famne 90 
fana 92 
fara 93 
farderva 7 1 
fatia 95 
fax 89 
fecht 89 
feder 88 
federia 88 
fčla 109 
feld 97 
fell 97 
feUa 91, 118 
felo 98 
fenne 92 
fensze 92 
fčr 99 
fěra 110 
ferch 100 
fčre 110 
feria 93 
ferost 120 
ferwe 93 
fest 94 
fčst 118 
feste 95 
festia 94 
festna 95 
fet 95 
fethere 102 
fethm 95 
fia 97 
fiaern 300 
fial 199 
fiancl 103 
fiárda 96 
fif 98 
finda 99 
finger 99 
fira 99 
firne 100 
fisk 103 
fiskia 103 
fiteria 102 
fiuchta 96 
fiur 121 
fřQwer 96 
flagia 105 
flask 104 



iNDICES 




flax 


104 


flecht 


108 


flett 


105 


flia 


107 


fliaga 


106 


fliata 


107 


flód 


107 


fodia 


109 


fóga 


109 


fol 1 


18 


fola 


118 


folgia 


117 


folk 


117 


folwich 118 


fora 


119 


forda 


119 


forma 


116 


formest 116 


forsm; 


dia 354 


forst 


116 


forth 


121 


fot 110 


fra 1 


.12 


fráse 


111 


frč 112 


frema 


111 


fremethe 111 


frethia 1 1 5 


fretho 


115 


fretholás 1 1 5 


fn 114 


friaia 


114 


fnhelse 114 


friond 


114 


frist 


113 


frod 


115 


fugel 


116 


ful 1 


21 


fulla 


118 


furch 


120 


fynd 


118 


ga 128 


gad 


122 


gadia 


122 


gak 


128 


galga 


124 


game 


125 


game 


128 


gan 


133 


gang 


125 


gara 


123 


garda 


127 


garsfelle 9 1 


gat 


128 


gěja 


122 


geleva 


l 238 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



331 



gehk 


248 


gendz 


e 125 


g čr 


123 


gerdel 


147 


gers 


140 


gěta 


134 


gí 206 


gled 


135 


gled 


137 


gles 


1 35 


glla 


136 


gliand 


137 


glida 


136 


glisa 


136 


glórer 


i 137 


glupa 


137 


gnarren 138 


god 


145 


gód 


138 


gold 


145 


gós 


126 


grat 


141 


grč 


142 


grěd 


143 


greft 


139 


grčne 


143 


grčt 


141 


grč ta 


144 


grčva 


139 


grim 


141 


gnp 


142 


gripa 


143 


gns 


143 


gristel 


144 


grund 


144 


gulden 1 46 


gunga 


125 


hách 


166 


had 


165 


hagia 


150 


halda 


155 


half 


154 


halia 


156 


hals 


156 


halsfang 156 


halve 


155 


hám 


152 


hamer 158 


hana 


161 


hana 


166 


hand 


159 


handelia 1 59 


handl; 


is 159 


hangia 1 60 


hanxt 


160 


háp 


166 



hás 


153 


hasa 


164 


hast 


151 


hat 


165 


hatia 


165 


háved 


165 


háved 


las 148 


havek 


148 


hawa 


167 


hebba 


147 


-hed 


151 


hěda 


196 


hěde 


167, 196 


hef I 


.47 


hefta 


149 


hei 190 


hěia 


166 


heil 


150 


hčl 151 


hela 


168 


hěla 


152, 160 


helde 


192 


helfte 


155 


hěli 


151 


hělich 


151 


hěligis 


i 151 


helle 


156 


helm 


168 


helpa 


168 


helpe 


168 


helpeli 


as 168 


hemnia 158 


hemminge 158 


hena 


166 


henda 


159 


hěnde 


166 


henne 


161 


hěr 


153, 172 


hěra 


167 


herda 


162 


herdě 


162 


here 


163 


hereberge 42 


hereferd 1 62 


herewei 1 62 


herfst 


161 


herm 


163 


herně 


195 


hert 


171 


herte 


170 


herth 


170 


hět : 


.53 


hěta 


153 


hěthin 


154 


heva 


149 


hezil 


154 


hindera 173 



532 



INDICES 



hinderia 173 
hingia 160 
hirifolk 162 
hit 172 
hlakkia 174 
hlápa 175 
hlěda 178 
hlědere 1 74 
hlěf 173 
hlem 1 74 
hli 177 
hlid 177 
hlida 177 
hlot 178 
hlud 178 
hniga 180 
hod 165 
hof 181 
hof 190 
hok 154 
hol 191 
hold 192 
holda 192 
holt 192 
homelia 157 
hóp 182 
hor 182 
hom 195 
horning 1 95 
hors 189 
hotha 196 
hóxene 1 60 
hredda 183 
hreg 189 
hreil 183 
hreka 184 
hrěne 183 
hrěra 189 
hrěraf 183 
hriad 186 
hrif 185 
hring 1 85 
hriouwa 1 86 
hrls 187 
hrlve 187 
hróf 188 
hrópa 188 
hnita 186 
hua 160 
hugia 190-191 
hund 193 
hundred 1 93 
hunger 1 94 
hungera 193 
hunig 1 93 
hus 196 
huslás 1 96 



husla.se 239 
huswerda 456 
huve 1 96 
hwá 199 
hwarf 198 
hweder 1 99 
hwenne 198 
hwer 198 
hwerva 200 
hwet 199 
hwěte 197 
hwila 201 
hwile 201 
hwit 201 

iat 208 
idel 203 
iechta 205 
ielne 1 4 
ien 122 
iertel 206 
ieva 1 30 
ik 83 
ili 15, 83 
in 83-84 
inna 84 
inra 83 
inwrěsze 472 
Ire 86 
is 86 
is 204 
Tsern 204 
itsil 206 



ja 205 
jader 87 
jecht 205 
jef 204 
jeft 130 
jeld 130 
jelda 130 
jelde 131 
jen 204 
jer 206 
jernwine 1 
jěsel 135 



27 



jest 
jest 
jeve 
jeve 



23 

27 

130 

133 

jogethe 207 
jung 207 
jungeling 207 

kald 209 
kan 210 
kap 211 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



.333 



kapia 211 
kapmon 211 
kčla 219 
kella 209 
kenep 209 
kenna 210 
kčra 211 
kerf 225 
kerva 213 
kessa 225 
kest 226 
kčtha 224 
kiasa 213 
kin 212 
kining 224 
kinn 224 
klay 215 
klčne 214 
kleppa 217 
kliva 216 
klova 217 
knapp 2 1 7 
knecht 217 
km 218 
kmf 218 
kole 223 
kolk 223 
korbirta 226 
korbita 45 
korn 225 
koss 225 
kreft 220 
krenza 220 
kronk 220 
křupa 221 
ku 219 
kuma 227 
kuti! 224 

lad 238 
laf 237 
lagia 231 
lamb 234 
lan 236 
lan 239 
land 235 
lappa 236 
lare 233 
las 239 
lasta 233 
laster 232 
lathia 237 
láva 232 
lěch 244 
leda 232 
lede 232 
ledza 231 



lěf 243 
lěge 244 
legor 240 
leina 238 
leine 250 
leither 241 
leken 234 
lema 234 
lemethe 234 
lěn 232 
léna 177 
lenden 235 
lentze 236 
lěra 233 
lerna 247 
lesa 239 
lesa 241 
lest 244 
lět 245 
lěta 244 
lěth 233 
lethich 246 
letta 237 
letza 244 
leva 232 
lia 247 
lia 247 
liacht 242 
liaf 241 
liaga 242 
liat 243 
libba 245 
lichte 240 
lid 245 
lidza 240 
lrf 247 
lrflas 247 
lrk 247 
likia 248 
likoma 247 
line 248 
lippa 241 
list 246 
lith 246 
lrth 249 
litha 248 
liude 242 
livere 245 
loch 249 
lof 249 
loga 238, 250 
lok 250 
lokk 250 
lom 234 
londkap 235 
long 235 
lotha 252 



534 



INDICES 



lovia 249 
luka 252 
lungen 251 
lust 251 

macht 254 
mága 253 
makia 257 
malt 258 
mana 260 
manich 259 
manichfald 259 
mami 260 
már 257 
mar 261 
mářa 257 
mást 256 
mčch 269 
mede 265 
mědě 272 
megith 253 
meí 252 
měl 270 
mělia 263, 270 
melka 267 
melok 267 
měn 255 
měna 255 
měně 255 
měněth 255 
menie 259 
merg 264 
merke 262 
merkia 262 
merrie 261 
merth 261 
meta 268 
meta 274 
mete 263 
mi 83 
midde 264 
middel 264 
milde 266 
min 271 
min 83, 273 
minnia 268 
misděde 272 
mislik 272 
missa 272 
rnith 268 
mód 273 
módar 273 
molde 275 
mona 270 
monath 270 
monia 259 
monslachta 348 



mór 274 
morn 276 
morth 277 
morthia 277 
morthra 277 
mós 274 
mot 274 
móther 274 
mula 278 
mund 275-276 
mundele 275 
mus 278 
mutha 276 

nacht 279 
naked 280 
nama 280 
namelik 280 
namna 280 
nát 282 
náthe 287 
navla 279 
něd 282 
něda 283 
nědbende 282 
nedle 287 
nědskme 282 
nědthreft 282 
něi 286 
neil 279 
nemá 284 
něn 283 
nera 281 
net 281 
něta 282 
nette 282, 290 
neva 283 
nevil 283 
ni 283 
ní 284 
niáta 285 
nift 283 
nigun 285 
nigunda 285 
níth 289 
nither 289 
nithera 289 
nithria 289 
noch 289 
nógelik 289 
nómia 289 
nose 281 
nu 289 

ofta 433 
omma 1 7 
onblě 49 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



335 



ondser 391 
ondwarde 475 
one 87 
onkel 20 
ord 436 
ose 433 
óther 2 1 
oven 433 
over 433 
ovirbulgen 41 
oxa 433 

pal 292 
pand 291 
panna 291 
path 291 
penning 291 
pett 294 
pipe 292 
plicht 292 
ploch 292 
pol 292 
pot 293 

quad 229 
querka 228 
quern 228 
quetha 229 
quik 230 
quikfia 230 
quinka 228 

rad 299 
radrond 297 
raeferd 23 
raf 298 
rafrčd 295 
ran 299 
rap 296 
rátá 187 
ravia 298 
rěd 295, 304 
rěda 303, 306 
rěde 304 
rědieva 303 
rědjeva 1 30 
rědlás 303 
rein 300 
reinboga 300 
reise 296 
rek 299 
reka 295, 299 
reka 301 
rekon 301 
rěma 309 
rene 308 
reppa 1 84 



reth 298 
rethe 298 
rethia 298 
rětza 296 
riáka 303 
rib 300 
rida 305 
rik 305 
nke 305 
nkedóm 305 
rinna 302 
risa 306 
riucht 301 
riuchta 30 1 
riuchtelik 300 
ňva 305 
rod 306 
roder 307 
rofe 189 
rogga 308 
rokk 308 
rothe 307 
rothia 309 
rum 309 
rumfara 94 
ruogie 473 

sá 397 
sádel 311 
salt 316 
sám 320 
samenia 317 
samin 317 
samnath 317 
sand 318 
sanga 318 
sannia 318 
sanza 318 
sath 320 
sax 312 
scaf 336 
schedda 345 
schep 334 
scilling 338 
scipmann 340 
scot 346 
scrift 344 
sě 314 
se 329 
sěburch 3 1 4 
secht 385 
sěd 327 
sedza 311 
sege 3 1 1 
seil 322 
seka 314 
seka 360 



5 30 



INDICES 



seke 315 
sěl 313 
sela 312 
sěland 314 
sele 314, 389 
šelf 323 
sella 3 1 6 
selover 328 
selvirn 329 
senda 318 
sěr 313 
sčra 3 1 3 
sěrlik 313 
sete 328 
seten 3 1 9 
setta 3 1 9 
sex 322 
sexta 322 
si 322 
sia 323 
sia 329-330 
siak 326 
siátha 326 
sib 320 
sibbe 320 
side 321 
srde 329 
sielden 323 
sigun 32 1 
sigunda 321 
silrap 328 
sím 330 
sin 330 
sind 458 
sine 329 
sinka 325 
sinna 325 
sinne 386 
sitta 325 
siune 322 
siunga 324 
skaft 331 
skalk 332 
skamia 333 
skande 334 
skát 337 
skatha 336 
skathia 336 
skawia 337 
skel 332 
skeld 337 
skelde 345 
skěne 336 
skěnia 332 
skenka 334 
skěp 340 
skeppa 334 



skera 338 
skerd 335, 346 
skere 335 
skěre 340 
skern 335 
skerp 335 
sket 336 
skete 347 
skětha 331 
skěthe 332 
sketta 347 
skiata 339 
skld 341 
skifta 340 
skilla 338 
skina 341 
skip 340 
skipia 341 
skřre 341 
skive 341 
skoch 342 
skome 333 
skrčd 344 
skriva 344 
skul 347 
skulder 345 
skůr 347 
skůre 347 
skůva 347 
slá 348 
slagia 348 
slei 348 
slep 350 
slěpa 349-350 
slTm 351 
slipa 35 1 
slit 351 
slita 35 1 
sliucht 350 
sluta 350 
smaka 352 
smakia 353 
směl 353 
směre 353 
smita 355 
smith 354 
smithe 355 
snabba 355 
sně 355 
snědé 355 
snell 357 
snes 356 
sniewyt 355 
smtha 358 
snore 359 
snotte 359 
sol 385 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



337 



song 318 
sorgia 388 
soth 388 

spadá 36 1 
spán 364 
sparia 362 
spedelspring 366 
spek 365 
spera 367 
spere 364 
spia 365 
spinna 364 
splita 365 
sponne 362 
spot 368 
spreka 366 
sprendza 366 
springa 366 
spruta 366 
spurna 367 
stack 370 
staU 370 
stan 377 
stap 3 7 1 
stáp 373 
stapa 372 
stapul 372 
stareblind 372 
stark 372 
stathe 369 
stathul 373 
stavia 368 
sted 369, 372 
stef 368 
stei 377 
stek 378 
steka 373 
stekk 374 
stela 374 
stěn 369 
stěnhus 369 
stěpa 373 
stera 375 
stert 376 
sterva 375 
štět 373 
stěta 373 
stevene 371 
stiápdochter 376 
stiápfeder 376 
stiápmoder 376 
stiapsunu 376 
stiárne 377 
stif 378 
stifne 373 
stiga 378 
střge 378 



stille 374 
stith 375 
stiura 377 
stiure 377 
sto 380 
stokk 383 
stol 379 
stonda 371 
stór 379 
strám 380 
strě 381 
strekka 380 
strěwa 381 
stříd 381 
stnda 382 
stnka 382 
strotbolla 62 
strumphelte 1 5 7 
stunde 383 
sulik 390 
sum 385 
sumur 386 
sund 386 
sunu 388 
supa 389 
suth 387 
suther 387 
suthern 387 
swager 396 
swale 390 
swara 392 
swarde 39 1 
swart 392 
swenga 391 
swěr 396 
swera 391 
swerd 395 
swěria 396 
swěs 396 
swěslik 396 
swester 395 
swět 390 
swěte 398 
swethe 392 
swiar 393 
swika 397 
swíma 397 
swimma 394 
swin 397 
swinga 394 
swire 395 
swoll 398 

taker 399 

talia 400 

tam 401 

tam 403 



538 



INDICES 



tane 399 
tange 40 1 
tax 399 
taver 402 
te 408 
tčken 399 
těkna 399 
tele 401 
teUa 400 
těma 408 
tera 405 
thach 418 
than 415 
thank 416 
thekka 415 
thekke 415 
thenne 429 
thenza 416 
thěr 416 
therf 421 
therm 417 
therve 417 
thervia 417 
thet 310,417 
thiach 423 
thiad 423 
thiaf 422 
thianest 419 
thiania 418 
thille 420 
thin 423 
thing 420 
thingia 42 1 
thingmon 420 
thinka 429 
thiufthe 422 
tholia 428 
thoU 428 
thonkia 416 
thor 417 
thorn 430 
thorp 430 
thrě 425 
thrěd 426 
thredda 427 
threkk 425 
thrma 427 
throtbolla 427 
thruc 42 1 
thu 428 
thuma 431 
thuner 429 
thusend 43 1 
thweres 432 
thwinga 43 1 
tia 405 
tiader 405 



tian 404 
-tich 403 
Gd 407 
tiht 406 
til 407 
tilia 407 
timber 404 
timbria 404 
tin 407 
tiona 405 
tire 408 
tiuna 405 
to 408 
tocht 411 
togia 41 1 
topp 412 
tóth 401 
trast 409 
trč 409 
treda 409 
triuwe 410 
trog 410 
tros 411 
tun 413 
tunge 4 1 2 
turf 412 
tusk 412 
twa 415 
twelef 413 
twelefwintre 413 
twčn 4 1 5 
twi(r)a 414 
twifil 414 
twilifta 413 
twlne 414 
twispon 362 
twist 414 

uder 436 
umbe 434 
und 434 
under 434 
unegert 147 
untfruchta 1 20 
unwelde 443 
up 435 
uppa 435 
ur 436 
urdrift 76 
urflókin 108 
ur-heria 163 
urliasa 243 
urskelda 345 
urthringa 426 
us 460 
ut 437 
ute 437 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



.339 



uter 437 
uva 432 

wach 440 
wada 438 
waja 460 
wakia 442 
wald 445 
walda 443 
walla 444, 453 
walubera 445 
wam 445 
wamme 445 
wána 46 1 
wandel 446 
wapul 447 
wardia 448 
ware 450 
waria 449 
warld 462 
warm 449 
warna 449 
warte 450 
wáse 441 
wax 439 
waxa 439 
webb 437 
wed 438 
wčd 460 
weddia 438 
wedel 45 1 
weder 452 
wěg 460 
wei 452 
wein 439 
wekkria 442 
wel 454 
weldich 443 
wemma 445 
wěn 46 1 
wenda 446 
wěnia 440 
wěnthe 46 1 
wěpa 470 
wěpin 46 1 
wěr 461 
wer 463 
wera 449 
were 45 7 
wergia 476 
werk 456 
werka 476 
werkia 457 
werp 457 
werpa 457 
wersta 457 
werth 457, 458 



wertha 457 
wesa 458 
west 459 
wet 441, 462 
wčta 441, 462 
weter 45 1 
wexa 439 
wT 460 
wicht 453 
wid 465 
widuběn 464 
widwe 462 
widze 452 
wif 464 
wTga 465 
wika 466 
wike 462 
wilde 454 
wffla 453 
wimpel 454 
win 467 
wind 454 
winda 454 
wine 455 
winister 455 
winna 455 
winter 455 
wirra 457 
wirst 472 
wis 467-468 
wisa 468 
wisdom 467 
wiss 463 
wit 464 
wita 464 
wita 468 
wite 468 
witgia 468 
wíťha 466 
withe 464 
wither 464 
withersaka 315 
wixlia 462 
wlite 469 
wóker 469 
wolf 473 
wolken 474 
wolle 474 
wonder 474 
wongare 446 
wonia 446, 475 
word 475 
worm 476 
wost 470 
wrak 470 
wreka 471 
wrčke 472 



540 



INDICES 



wretse 47 1 
wríten 473 
wrógia 473 
wróta 473 



wunde 474 
wundia 474 

zerl 210 
zlvia 214 



Frisian dialects 



arf 25 
arve 25 

balge 33 
barwe 38 
bergje 42 
berm 37 
bur 64 
bušen 65 

dafen 66, 415 
dissel 419 
driech 76 
dwelm 8 1 

eandje 4 
eitel 10 



mieu 256 
mot 274 
murt 277 

nau 179 
nesk 179 

pol 293 

rafel 294 
reaf 294 
remmen 1 84 
rffen 187 
rim 302 
rip 306 
ripe 306 
riuwe 305 



fit 103 
flake 105 

glopp 137 
glor 137 
glum 137 
glúmen 137 
glůpe 137 
gnatern 1 38 
gnme 143 
grum 143 
grut 1 44 
gulf 145 
gumi 128 

halí 156 
hegge 150 
hel 191 

knójen 219 
ktikken 222 

la.sk 234 
lrk 247 
lask 237 
loaitsje 249 

marig 261 
mál 258 
meau 256 



schakel 332 
schalk 333 
schalm 333 
schojen 340 
schul 339 
seal 315 
skite 342 
skonk 345 
skríeme 344 
skrobb 344 
sleau 349 
slinke 350 
slupe 350 
smelte 353 
snopen 358 
spot 368 
steam 376 
steedfest 368 
stek 370 
stekke 370 
stigt 377 
stir 378 
stiren 379 
stjonke 375 
stónt 383 
strump 382 
suffen 385 
swarven 391 
sweifeln 389 
swine 397 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



541 



tage 406 
terskje 426 
todde 411 
tommeling 431 
tuté 413 



waei 197 
waskje 450 
wether 459 
witlás 463 
widte 465 
wrinoje 472 



Old English 



á 10 

abel3an 34 
ac 11 
ác 7 
acan 1 1 
ácwern 7 
ád 6 
adela 2 
ádiefan 69 
ádimmad 70 
áfl 10 
áSeótan 4 1 8 
áSercian 42 1 
ááexe 4 
áoraten 428 
áostatf 10 
áoswara 392 
afirran 99 
afol 2 

áfremdan 111 
á$e 6 
ájen 6 
a3lác 3 
á3nian 6 
áh 6 
ál 7 
alan 12 
alor 1 7 
alynnan 251 
ám 7 
ambeht 1 8 
ambiht 1 8 
ambyr 64 
án 9 
ánboren 8 
and 18 
anda 1 8 
ánda3a 8 
andbita 46 
andefn 1 
andfen3e 92 
and3Íet 1 33 
andlan3 236 
andsaca 315 
andscéte 328 
andswarian 392 
andswara 39 1 



andwyrdan 475 
áneá3e 7 
ánfeald 8 
ánféte 8 
an3a 1 9 
an3el 1 9 
án3en3a 126 
an3seta 326 
ánhende 8 
ánhlíepe 8 
ánržd 9 
ánstapa 9 
ánwealda 9 
ánwÍ3 9 
apa 21 
ár 9, 11 
áráfian 295 
árencan 297 
ásánian 313 
ascian 9 
áscielfan 332 
áscilian 332 
ásláwian 349 
áspreótan 366 
ast 26 

ástundian 383 
atol 27 

ícen 7 
aecer 1 2 
aecerceorl 1 2 
aecerman 1 2 
šcern 1 2 
cecerweorc 1 2 
aecs 12 
idre 87 
a;Sele 27 
a:8elin3 27 
a^Selkund 223 
a;Selo 27 
éSm 87 
éSrot 427 
aď 1 

aefSunca 429 
áďen 2 
a;ft 2 
ceftan 2 



542 



INDICES 



aďtemest 3 
aďter 2 

£efter3en3el 125 
arfwerdelsa 456 
a=3 11 
és 87 
žht 6 
él 87 
celan 7 
aded 7 
Eelf 13 
EeEyfta 8 
aelwiht 1 5 
ímyrie 7 
Ž11Í3 8 
ínlíc 8 
seppel 2 1 
žr 9 
žrest 9 
írist 304 
Eern 300 
íernan 297 
cesc 26 
cesce 26 
žsmo3u 355 
íesp 26 
crt 26 
aét 88 
étc 10 
íet3ržpe 1 39 
žtor 10 
aetwist 459 
áw 10 
íwan 6 
íwisc 6 

bacán 33 
baSian 39 
bá3 44 
balca 34 
bán 32 
baňa 36 
banca 36 
bannan 36 
bár 33 
bát 32 
baec 33 
béédan 32 
ba»5 39 
ba»5hús 39 
bél 44 
bír 38 
bser 40 
bsernan 54 
bašt 38 
baetan 33 
be 44 



beácen 39 
beadu 32 
beá 3 39 
beáh3ifa 130 
beald 34 
bealdor 33 
bealu 34 
beáni 39 
beán 40 
beard 36 
bear3 37 
bearm 37 
bearn 37 
bearnleás 37 
bears 38 
bearu 38 
bearwe 38 
beátan 40 
beče 33 
béce 5 1 
béd 45 
bedd 32 
bed3íht 126 
bedrÓ3 75 
be3en 52 
be3Ínnan 1 32 
behéfe 172 
behófian 181 
behwylfan 198 
beldo 34 
bel3 33 
behjan 41 
belífan 247 
bellan 41 
beUe 41 
bélo ne 4 1 
bemyldan 275 
ben 35 
bén 52 
bene 36 
bencSel 36 
bend 35 
bendan 35 
bennian 36 
beó 44, 46 
beód 43 
beódan 43 
beofian 45 
beofor 40 
beór 44 
beorc 43 
beoróor 43 
beor3 42 
beor3an 42 
beorht 42 
beorhdíc 42 
beorn 43 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



543 



beornan 56 
beórsele 44 
béow 44 
bera 43 
beran 4 1 
bere 36 
ber3an 37 
berian 3 7 
berÍ3e 40 
berst 56 
berstan 56 
berýfan 298 
besnyoian 357 
bet 38 
bétan 52 
betre 38 
betst 38 
bicce 4 1 
bíd 45 
bídan 46 
biddan 45 
bíetel 40 
bÍ3an 39 
bÍ3Ítan 1 33 
bilewit 45 
bili 46 
bindan 41 
bionot 41 
birce 42 
bircen 42 
birhtu 42 
bita 45 
bítan 46 
bítel 46 
biter 45 
bitol 46 
blác 47 
blanc 47 
blandan 47 
blát 47 
bláwan 48 
blžcan 47 
bked 46 
blšdre 46 
blíÉ3e 50 
blžh(ž)wen 49 
blést 49 
bleáa 48 
bleát 48 
blédan 50 
blédsian 78 
blencan 48 
blendan 47 
blícan 49 
blician 49 
blíSe 49 
blind 48 



blío 50 
blód 50 
blódi3 50 
blódreád 50 
blódyrnende 50 
blót 51 
blótan 5 1 
blówan 50 
blysa 48 
Boba 51 
bóc 52 
bócian 5 1 
bócstcfef 5 1 
bod 60 
bodá 6 1 
bodán 6 1 
bodian 6 1 
bo3 51 
bo3a 61 
bóian 5 1 
bold 64 
bolla 62 
bolster 62 
bolt 62 
bór 62 
bord 63 
borda 63 
bordSaca 63 
bor3Ían 63 
bórian 64 
bósÍ3 35 
bósum 52 
bót 52 
brad 53 
brand 54 
brandrád 54 
brant 54 
brac 53 

brždan 53, 56-57 
bráde 53, 57 
brzdo 53 
brce3d 53 
brašen 53 
breád 54 
breč 55 
brecan 55 
bre3dan 55 
bremman 55 
breord 55 
bréost 56 
bréostbeor3 56 
breótan 56 
breówan 56 
brÍ3d 55 
brimlád 5 7 
brin3ádl 56 
brin3an 55 



544 



INDICES 



bróc 55, 57 
bro5 59 
bróSor 57 
bróSorbana 5E 
bro3n(e) 58 
brord 59 
brú 60 
brúcan 60 
brún 60 
brúnéSa 58 
brýce 60 
bryc3 58 
brýd 59 
brýd3urna 59 
bryne 58 
bryrdan 59 
brytan 54 
brytta 59 
bryttian 59 
bú 65 
búan 52 
bucc 6 1 
bucca 6 1 
bÚ3an 43 
bula 62 
búr 65 
bur3 63 
burna 58 
býan 53 
byc3an 6 1 
bÝ3e 61 
byht 61 
býl 65 
byldan 34 
byl3an 62 
byrdan 63 
byre 64 
byrele 64 
byrene 43 
byr3an 63 
býrian 64 
byrne 58 
byrst 64 
býsen 65 

cáf 208 
calan 208 
calu 209 
camb 209 
can 210 
canne 2 1 
carian 211 
carl 210 
ceald 209 
cealdian 209 
cealf 209 
ceáp 2 1 1 



ceapman l i 1 
ceápscip 2 1 1 
célan 219 
cemban 209 
céne 2 1 9 
cenep 209 
cennan 210 
ceó 211 
ceól 213 
ceole 212 
ceorfan 213 
ceorlfolc 210 
ceósan 213 
ceówan 2 1 3 
cépan 2 1 9 
ciern 213 
cild 212 
cíle 223 
cin 212 
cínan 214 
cinbán 212 
cinber3 2 1 2 
cipp 214 
cirm 210 
citelian 214 
clam 214 
clatrun3 215 
clawan 215 
claefre 2 1 5 
cl*3 215 
cléne 214 
clen3an 2 1 5 
cleófan 216 
cleowe 2 1 6 
cleweóa 2 1 5 
clíSa 216 
clif 216 
clífan 216 
clifian 216 
clifrian 216 
climban 2 1 5 
clin3an 216 
clott 217 
clufu 216 
clút 217 
clynian 217 
clyppan 2 1 7 
cnapa 217 
cnáwan 218 
cnaepp 2 1 7 
cnedan 218 
cneó 218 
cníf 218 
cniht 217 
cnotta 219 
cnucian 218 
cnuwian 219 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



545 



cnyllan 219 
cnyssan 219 
cnyttan 2 1 9 
cocld 222 
cófa 222 
cól 219, 223 
colc 223 
colt 223 
cop 224 
corfian 225 
corn 225 
cornhrycce 1 89 
cornhús 225 
cos 225 
costian 226 
cot 226 
crafian 220 
crammian 220 
cran 220 
cranoc 221 
craďt 220 
crat 221 
créas 221 
creópan 221 
crimman 22 1 
crin3an 221 
crÓ3 220 
crop 222 
cruma 222 
cryb 222 
crypel 222 
cú 219 
cú3 224 
cuman 227 
cumbol 223 
cunnian 224 
cwánian 226 
cweddian 226 
cweáan 229 
cwelan 227 
cweUan 227 
cwéme 230 
cwén 230 
cwéne 228 
cweorn 228 
cweornstán 228 
cwic 230 
cwice 230 
cwide 227 
cwidu 227 
cwiS 230 
cwildtíd 227 
cwincan 228 
cwis 229 
cý6an 224 
cýS3u 223 
cyn 224 



cynd 224 
cyneboren 224 
cynehelm 224 
cynewiSSe 223 
cyniir; 224 
cynin3dóm 224 
cynin3ríce 224 
cýpan 2 1 1 
cyrf 225 
cyrtel 225 
cyssan 225 
cyst 226 
cyte 226 
cytel 211 

da3Ían 66 
daroó 68 
džéd 72 
d^3 66 
d^3e 67 
dce3lan3 66 
dce3weorc 66 
dri 67 
dél 67 
dřfelan 67 
deád 69 
déa5 70 
deáSdíE3 70 
deáf 69 
deáh 69 
deaU 79 
dear 68 
delfan 70 
dělu 70 
déman 73 
Denamearc 68 
denc3an 68 
denn 70 
deóp 7 1 
deóplíc 7 1 
deór 7 1 
deorc 7 1 
deóre 7 1 
deorf 7 1 
deorfan 7 1 
dik 70 
dim 70 
docce 78 
dóhtor 78 
dol 81 
dol3 78 
dóm 73 
dómhús 73 
dón 73 
dór 79 
dosen 80 
dott 80 



546 



INDICES 



dox 80 
dra3an 74 
drán 76 
dnéfan 74 
di'EE3e 74 
dreám 75 
dréfan 7 7 
drencan 74 
dréo3 76 
dreÓ3an 75 
dreópan 75—76 
dreór 75 
dreósan 76 
drepen 75 
drif 76 
drífan 76 
drincan 75 
drince 75 
dróf 77 
dropa 7 7 
druncen 7 7 
druncnian 7 7 
drupian 78 
dryht 77 
dryhten 7 7 
drync 7 7 
dryre 7 7 
dúfan 80 
dúfedoppa 80 
du3uS 78 
dumb 79 
dún 80 
dun3 79 
dúrustod 79 
dúruweard 79 
dust 79 
dwala 8 1 
dwalian 8 1 
dwellan 8 1 
dweor3 8 1 
dwild 81 
dwinan 8 1 
dwolema 8 1 
dýfan 80 
dync3e 79 
dyne 79 
dynian 79 
dynt 79 
dyrst 79 
dyttan 80 

San 415 
Sanan 416 
5anc 416 
Sancian 416 
Sace 415 
Sander 418 



Sir 416 
8a;t 417 
oeáh 418 
Searf 417 
Searfa 417 
Searfian 417 
Searflíc 417 
oearm 417 
Seccan 415 
oefian 418 
Se3en 418 
5e3en3Ílde 4 1 8 
3el 419 
Sencan 416 
Senden 416 
3en3el 416 
oennan 416 
Séod 423 
oeódcynkrj 422 
Seóden 422 
oéodisc 422 
fleódland 422 
oeódwe3 422 
Seóf 422 
Seóh 423 
6eón 421 
óeorf 421 
Séot 430 
6eótan 423 
Seów 419 
Séowe 4 1 9 
oeówian 419 
Serscan 426 
Serscwold 426 
Sicce 419 
5ic3an 4 1 8 
oífS 422 
3ífefeoh 422 
Síht 421 
Silian 420 
6iUe 420 
Sin 423 
ain 3 420 
3in3Ían 42 1 
ůin3stede 420 
Sirran 417 
Sísl 421 
Sistel 419 
6oft(e) 428 
6óhe 416 
flóht 429 
Solian 428 
Soli 428 
Sorn 430 
9rafian 424 
Srá 3 424 
Sran3 424 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



547 



Sráwan 426 
5ržd 426 
Ďrjeft 424 
Sra^an 424 
Sraes 424 
Sraesce 425 
Sréat 425 
Sreáwian 425 
Srece 424 
Sreótan 426 
Srí 425 
Sridda 427 
Srinen 427 
5rin3an 426 
Sríste 427 
Srítan 425 
5róh 424 
Sroht 427 
Srostie 425 
Šrotu 427 
5rúh 427 
Srustfell 428 
Sryccan 427 
3rý3 428 
Srymm 427 
Sú 428 
8úf 431 
5úma 431 
Sunor 429 
Sunrian 429 
5unwan3(e) 429 
Surh 421 
5urst 430 
Súsend 43 1 
5wan3 43 1 
Swéal 431 
5weán 43 1 
Sweorh 432 
Swínan 432 
Swirel 432 
5yle 428 
Sýmel 431 
Syncan 429 
Synne 429 
Syrne 430 
Syrnen 430 
dyrre 430 
5yrred 430 
5yrs 429 
Syrstan 430 
3ys 430 

eá 5 
eác 29 
eáca 29 
eád 28 
eáden 28 



eádi3 28 
éadocce 5 
eáSfynde 28, 118 
eáĎ3ete 28 
eafora 2 
eá3dúru 28 
eá3e 29 
eahta 5 
eal(l)hwít 12 
ealce 1 6 
ealceald 1 6 
eald 1 3 
ealddóm 1 3 
ealdor 1 4 
ealdordče3 1 4 
ealdorlae3 1 4 
ealh 14 
eaU 16 
eallbeorht 1 6 
eallmihtÍ3 1 2 
eallun3a 1 6 
ealmihtÍ3 1 3 
ealu 1 6 
ealubenc 1 7 
ealuhús 1 7 
ealwealda 1 3 
eánian 4 
ear 4, 29 
eard 23 
eáre 30 
earfe 25 
earfoS 22 
earfo3ian 22 
earfoSwielde 443 
ear 3 23 
earh 23 
earm 24 
earmbéa3 2 3 
earmheort 24 
earmlíc 24 
earn 24 
earn3eáp 129 
eam3eát 1 33 
earnian 3 1 
ears 25 
earte 25 
ease 30 
eást 30 
eástan 30 
eáster 30 
eástern 30 
eáwan 28 
eax 5 
eaxel 5 
ebba 1 
éce 1 1 
ec,3 3 



54;:: 



INDICES 



ec3an o 
edcerr 82 
edwít 468 
eS3a 86 
éSelturf 291 
efen 82 
efes 432 
efesian 1 
efnan 1 
efnlíc 82 
e3eSe 3 
e3enu 3 
e3esa 3 
e3lan 4 
Č3land 4 
e3le 4 
ellen 1 5 
ellenwód 469 
elles 1 5 
elm 83 
eln 14 
elnbo3a 1 4 
elnian 1 5 
énd 18 
ende 1 8 
endeleás 1 8 
endian 1 8 
endleofan 8 
ened 21 
en3e 1 9 
En 3 le 19 
en3lisc 1 9 
eodor 82 
eofor 82 
eóh 203 
eoh 83 
eolh 14 
eom 458 
eorcnanstán 84 
eorSburh 85 
eor5byr3 63 
eorScund 85 
eorde 86 
eorSfčest 85 
eorShnutu 85 
eoróhús 85 
eor5we3 86 
eóred 83 
eorl 85 
eormencyn 85 
eormen3rund 85 
eorp 85 
eorre 86 
eosul 25 
eóten 86 
eówd(e) 3 1 
eówu 31 



erfe 22 
erian 23 
esne 26 
ést 21 
etan 86 
etol 86 
ettan 27 
éwestre 3 1 

fácen 90 
fácenstef 90 
fáh 89 
falod 91 
fám 90 
fana 92 
fan 3 92 
faran 93 
faru 94 
fécne 90 
řkder 88 
fcedera 88 
fceSm 95 
fceSmian 95 
f*33 89 
f*3c 89 
fce3en 88 
fíe3enian 89 
fémne 90 
fér 102 
fer 93 
fžran 102 
fcereld 92 
ferlic 102 
fesl 94 
fest 94 
fcestan 95 
fíestian 94 
facsťlic 94 
fíestnian 95 
fet 95 
fžtan 103 
fcald 90 
fealdan 9 1 
fealh 91 
feaUan 91 
fealu 91 
fearh 93 
fearm 93 
fearn 94 
fearr 94 
feáwa 96 
feax 89 
fédan 109 
fédesl 109 
féSa 99 
feSer 102 
feóerfóte 96 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



349 



feóerhama 102 
fé3an 109 
feht 89 
fela 98 
félan 109 
feld 97 
fell 97 
feUen 97 
felt 97 
fen 92 
fen 3 92 
fenhóp 182 
féo3a3 103 
feoh 97 
feoli3eorn 97 
feohhús 97 
feohtan 96 
feól 103 
féolan 97 
feónd 103 
feóróa 96 
feorh 100 
feorh 3 ifa 100 
feorhnéd 100 
feorhseóc 100 
feorr 99 
feortin3 1 1 
feówer 96 
feówerscýte 96 
féran 110 
fere 110 
ferian 93 
fersc 1 1 5 
féted 110 
fetel 95 
fetian 95 
fetor 102 
fičere 102 
fiersn 101 
flf 98 
fíffeald 98 
film 97 
finc 103 
findan 99 
fiirjer 99 
finn 103 
fión 103 
firen 100 
firenian 1 00 
firenweorc 1 00 
fir3en 99 
fisc 103 
fiscian 1 03 
fitt 101 
fláh 104 
flán 104 
flaxe 105 



ftéc 104 
flžsc 104 
fleá 105 
fleax 104 
flédan 107 
fleÓ3an 1 06 
fleÓ3e 1 06 
fleohta 106 
fleón 107 
fleót 107 
fleótan 107 
flet 105 
nicce 107 
fliéte 106 
flint 107 
flóc 108 
flocan 108 
flocc 108 
flód 107 
flóh 108 
flohtenfóte 106 
flór 108 
flot 109 
flota 109 
flotian 109 
flówan 108 
flu3ol 108, 116 
fly3e 108 
flyht 108 
fnzes 109 
fnésan 1 09 
fola 118 
folc 1 1 7 
folcdryht 1 1 7 
folcland 1 1 7 
folde 1 1 7 
foldwe3 1 1 7 
fol3Ían 1 1 7 
foboS 1 1 7 
folm 118 
fón 92 
fór 119 
ford 119 
fordemman 68 
fordwilman 8 1 
for3 121 
foróian 1 2 1 
fóre 119 
forewitol 464 
for3Ž3an 122 
forht 120 
forhylman 191 
forleósan 243 
formyrórian 277 
forn 119 
forstemman 371 
fóster 1 1 



550 



INDICES 



fósterbróSor 110 
fósterfaeder 1 1 
fósterland 110 
fósterleán 110 
fóstermódor 110 
fóstersweostor 1 1 
fót 110 
fótspor 1 1 
fox 117 
fram 111 
framian 111 
franca 111 
faec 1 1 1 
freá 112 
frec 113 
freca 113 
frécne 1 1 6 
fre3nan 113 
freht 113 
fremSe 111 
freó 114 
freóSo 113 
freÓ3an 114 
freóls3efa 114 
freónd 114 
freóndlaSu 237 
freósan 113 
frídheirjest 115 
friS 115 
friSian 115 
friSleás 1 1 5 
fríols 1 1 4 
fród 115 
fro33a 1 1 6 
frost 116 
frox 116 
frum 116 
fu3ol 116 
fúl 121 
fuU 118 
fuUian 118 
fulwian 466 
furh 120 
furhwudu 120 
fús 119 
fyld 91 
fyUan 91, 118 
fyUu 118 
fýr 121 
fyrest 120 
fyrhtan 120 
fyrhtu 120 
fyrmest 116 
fyrn 101 
fyrnmann 120 
fyrst 1 1 3 



fýsan 119 
fýst 118 

3ád 122 
3ál 122 
3alan 1 24 
3álscipe 122 
3amen 125 
3amnian 125 
3amol 125 
3án 1 33 
3an3 125 
3an3an 1 25 
3ánian 126 
3ár 123 
3ára 123 
3át 123 
3aedelin3 122 
33ers3réne 1 40 
3ést 123 
3£est 127 
3Žten 123 
-3é 128 
3é 206 
3eác 128 
3eá3 128 
3ealdor 1 24 
3eal3a 124 
3eal3tréow 1 24 
3ealla 124 
3ealtboi'3 1 25 
3eap 1 29 
3eár 206 
3eard 126 
3earn 127 
3earnwinde 127 
3earu 127 
3earwe 127 
3eat 128 
3eaeSelian 28 
3ebann 36 
3ebaete 33 
3ebedda 32 
3eberan 41 
3ebirhtan 42 
3eblond 47 
3ebroc 58 
3ebrot 59 
3ebyrd 63 
3eclofa 217 
3ecor 226 
3ecwéme 229 
3edafen 66 
3edafenian 66 
3edéfe 73 
3edrje3 73 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



551 



3edrep 75 
3edríf 76 
3edwolen 8 1 
3e9ancmetian 268 
3e8awenian 418 
3e8iedan 422 
3e8iédan 422 
3eSot 430 
3eSweran 432 
3efara 94 
3efeón 96 
3efeterian 1 02 
3efi3erian 1 02 
3efk>3 108 
3efrá=3e 1 1 3 
3efylce 1 1 8 
3e3lédan 137 
3e3n 122 
3e3rind 141 
3e3rip 142 
3eheáw 167 
3ehendan 159 
3ehlencan 175 
3ehror 1 90 
3ehy 3 d 190 
3elíc 248 
3elíca 248 
3elífan 238 
3eloccian 250 
3elonda 235 
3emaca 257 
3emééd 254 
3enicéded 254 
3eméélan 270 
3emcéne 255 
3emenÍ3fealdan 9 1 
3emet 268 
3emierce 262 
3emimor 271 
3emun 275 
3emynd 275 
3én 122 
3enŽ3an 286 
3enžman 287 
3eneah 279 
3eneát 282 
3en3an 1 26 
3en 3 e 125-126 
3enÓ3 289 
3enyht 289 
3eó 207 
3eoc 207 
3eocian 207 
3eócor 206 
3eÓ3u5 207 
3eóhhelda?3 205 



3eóhhol 205 
3eoht 206 
3éolmóna5 205 
3eolu 131 
3eómor 206 
3eon 204 
3eond 205 
3eon3 207 
3eon3lin3 207 
3eorn 1 32 
3eótan 133 
3erád 304 
3ercédan 295 
3erie3re 303 
3erúna 3 1 
3es*llíc 327 
3eséte 328 
3esceaft 331 
3esceap 334 
3escý 342 
3escyrded 335 
3esíS 325 
3esleccan 349 
3esnid 358 
3esod 388 
3esó5ian 319 
3espann 362 
3esprant 366 
3esprééce 367 
3esteald 370 
3estealla 370 
3estun 383 
3estyr 384 
3esund 386 
3eswel3e 390 
3eswell 394 
3eswiria 395 
3etal 400 
3eten3e 401 
3etímian 408 
3etýne 413 
3etyrfan 413 
3ewas3e 460 
3ewealc 444 
3ewéne 46 1 
3eweorp 457 
3ewesa 459 
3ewild 443 
3ewis 463 
3ewuna 447 
3ewyrce 476 
3ewyrde 475 
3ewyrht 476 
3et>ýde 423 
3Íccan 207 
3icel 206 



552 



INDICES 



3 iefi 3 121 
3Íe3nan 122 
3ielde 124 
3Íellan 131 
3ielp 131 
3Íelpan 131 
3Íernan 1 32 
3Íerwan 127 
3if 204 
3Ífan 1 30 
3Ífol 130 
3 ífre 134 
3ifetól 130 
3ift 130 
3ifu 1 30 
3M 130 
3 ilda 131 
3Íldan 130 
3in 134 
3Ínan 1 34 
3Ísel 1 35 
3Íslian 1 35 
3ist 206 
3it 208 
3íuli 205 
3ladian 1 35 
3ked 135 
3kedlíc 1 35 
3lžm 1 35 
3la:s 135 
3leám 1 35 
3léaw 136 
3léd 137 
3lida 136 
3lídan 136 
3lisian 1 36 
3líw 136 
3lóf 137 
3lóm 137 
3lówan 137 
3na3an 137 
3nást 1 38 
3nset 1 38 
3nídan 1 38 
3Ód 138 
3od 145 
3odfyrht 144 
3Ódlíc 1 38 
3odweb 1 45 
3Óian 128 
30H 145 
3oldbeorht 1 45 
3oldhroden 1 45 
3oldsmi5 146 
3Óma 139 
3or 146 
3orst 147 



3Ós 126 
3Óshafoc 1 26 
3otan 147 
3rafan 1 39 
3ram 1 39 
3ránian 1 40 
3ranu 140 
3ráp 139 
3rápian 142 
3ržd 142 
3rždÍ3 142 
3raď 139 
3raďe 139 
3raft 139 
3rí 3 1 42 
3ras 140 
3rí tan 1 42 
3reát 141 
3remettan 1 40 
3remian 1 40 
3réne 143 
3rennian 1 40 
3reót 141 
3rétan 1 44 
3ríen 1 4 1 
3rÍ3hund 1 4 1 
3rim 1 4 1 
3ríma 143 
3rimlíc 141 
3rindan 141 
3rípan 1 43 
3iipe 142 
3rísan 1 43 
3ristbitian 45 
3ristel 1 44 
3rost 1 44 
3rówan 143 
3rund 1 44 
3rundleás 1 44 
3rút 144 
3Ú5 146 
3Ú5bord 146 
3Ú5fana 1 46 
3Ú5hwíet 146 
3uma 1 46 
3und 146 
3ýcer 207 
3yldan 1 46 
3ylden 1 46 
3ýman 1 28 
3ýme 128 
3ypÍ3end 1 34 
3yrdan 147 
3yrdel 147 

habban 147 
haca 154 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



353 



hacele 1 54 
hacod 154 
hád 151 
hádor 1 5 1 
hafoc 148 
ha3a 150 
ha3osteald 150 
hál 151 
hál3Ían 1 5 1 
háli3 151 
hálstán 172 
hálwende 151 
hám 152 
ham 158 
hamelian 157 
hámettan 152 
hámfaru 152 
hamor 158 
hana 161 
hand 159 
handbana 159 
handle 159 
handlian 159 
handmcE3en 159 
handseax 159 
handweorc 1 59 
handworht 159 
han3Ían 1 60 
hár 153 
hara 1 64 
hás 153 
hasu 1 64 
hát 153 
hátan 153 
hatian 1 65 
hatol 1 64 
háwian 337 
hžSen 154 
híSendóm 153 
hjefen 147 
haďer 148 
hceft 149 
harftan 149 
híeftnian 1 49 
hac3(c)l 150 
hce35orn 1 49 
hce3tesse 150 
hál 151 
hílan 152 
haele(S) 155 
hžlsian 152 
hšlu 1 5 1 
háman 152 
haen 1 6 1 
hajnep 1 59 
haspse 1 64 
hžr 172 



hére 172 
haerfest 1 6 1 
haerfestmónaS 161 
haern 1 85 
ha:sel 1 64 
hajselhnutu 1 64 
hést 1 5 1 
hést(e) 151 
hítan 153 
hsett 165 
hé 172 
heaůudeór 1 65 
heaf 147 
heáfod 148, 165 
heáfodbeá3 1 48 
heáfodbeor3 42 
heáfodleás 148 
heáfodweard 1 48 
heáh 1 66 
héahbeor3 165 
heáhheort 1 65 
heáhsele 166 
heáhstede 1 66 
heála 1 66 
heald 1 55 
healdan 155 
healf 154-155 
healfdeád 1 54 
heálic 1 66 
heaU 156 
healm 156 
heals 1 56 
healsfan3 156 
héan 1 66 
héap 1 66 
heard 162 
hearde 162 
heardheort 1 62 
heardlíc 162 
heardnéd 162 
hear3 1 64 
hearm 163 
hearma 163 
hearmian 163 
hearpe 1 63 
hearpestren3 1 63 
hearpsle3e 163 
heáwan 167 
hebban 149 
heden 148 
hefe 148 
hefi 3 148 
he3 167 
he3e 150 
héla 160 
helan 168 
hélan 182 



554 



INDICES 



hell 156 
hellerúne 155 
hellewíte 156 
helm 168 
helma 1 68 
help 168 
helpan 168 
hemman 158 
hemmin3 158 
hen3est 160 
hentan 161 
heofoncund 1 69 
heofonleóma 169 
heofontun3ol 169 
heolstor 191 
héopa 1 7 1 
heordan 167 
heorS 170 
heorot 1 7 1 
heorra 171 
heorte 1 70 
heoru 1 7 1 
here 163 
herefolc 1 62 
heremann 1 62 
herewžd 162 
herewipen 1 63 
herewe3 1 62 
herewóp 1 63 
her3Ían 1 63 
herian 167 
hete 165 
hettan 165 
hider 172 
híe3an 167 
hierde 1 69 
hÍ3ere 1 72 
híhSo 166 
hild 168 
hildlata 237 
hilt 168 
hincian 1 69 
hind 169 
hindan 172 
hinder 173 
hindrian 173 
hion 169 
hit 172 
hitt 173 
híwisc 173 
hladan 175 
hláf 173 
hland 1 74 
hláw 1 74 
hked 173 
hkeder 1 74 
hlene 1 74 



hleahtor 173 
hleápan 175 
hlec 240 
hlehhan 173 
hlenca 174 
hleóáor 1 76 
hleór 176 
hleótan 176 
hléow 177 
hlid 177 
hlí5 177 
hlimman 175 
hlinian 177 
hlíwS 177 
hlot 1 78 
hlówan 177 
hlúd 178 
hlutor 178 
hlýdan 178 
hlyn 178 
hlyst 178 
hlyt 178 
hlýwan 177 
hnáh 179 
hiicécan 179 
hiicé3an 1 38 
hiicé3an 179 
hnaepp 179 
hnaeppan 179 



1 79 
1 79 
180 
180 
180 

180 

181 



hneáw 
hnesce 
hnÍ3an 
hnipian 
hnítan 
hnitu 
hnocc 
hnora 181 
hnutu 181 
hóc 154 
hód 165 
hóf 181 
hof 190 
hofer 190 
ho3a 191 
ho3Ían 191 
hóh 160 
hóhsinu 160 
hól 182 
hol 191 
hole 191 
hold 191-192 
hólian 182 
holm 191 
holt 192 
hón 160 
hoppian 1 94 
hór 182 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



555 



hórcwene 1 82 
hord 196 
hóře 182 
hom 195 
hornbo3a 1 95 
hornfisc 1 95 
hornun3sunu 195 
hors 189 
horsc 1 95 
hoše 1 95 
hráca 187 
hrá3ra 1 83 
hramma 1 84 
hrán 183 
hratian 1 84 
hráw 183 
hrican 187 
hrad 185 
hraďn 182 
hra3el 183 
hreác 1 85 
hreám 185 
hreáw 1 85 
hreddan 183 
hré5 188 
hréSÍ3 189 
hremman 1 84 
hreód 186 
hreóf 186 
hreól 183 
hreósan 186 
hreówan 186 
hréowe 187 
hréowlíc 186 
hreppan 1 84 
hréran 1 89 
hridder 187 
hrí5 188 
hrif 185 
hrím 187 
hrímceald 187 
hrin3 1 85 
hrin3an 1 86 
hrin3e 1 86 
hrís 187 
hrisel 187 
hrissian 187 
hróc 188 
hróf 188 
hróp 188 
hrópan 188 
hrór 189 
hrú6e 190 
hrúm 190 
hrútan 1 86 
hryc3 189 
hú3e 194 



húfe 196 
hule 191 
hund 193 
hundred 1 93 
hun3or 1 94 
hunÍ3 193 
hunÍ3swéte 1 93 
hus 196 
húsel 194 
húsian 197 
hwá 199 
hwžeder 1 97 
hwžeSer 199 
hwé3 197 
hwad 197 
hwženne 1 98 
hwser 198 
hwEcs 198 
hwst 199 
hwžte 197 
hwéétecorn 197 
hwžtemelu 197 
hwealf 197-198 
hwearf 198 
hwearfian 1 98 
hwelan 200 
hwelp 200 
hweo5u 201 
hweól 199 
hweorf 200 
hweorfan 200 
hwer 200 
hwésan 201 
hwettan 199 
hwíl 201 
hwirfan 198 
hwít 201 
hwíran 202 
hwítel 202 
hwópan 202 
hwósan 202 
hwósta 202 
hwóstan 202 
hwurful 200 
hwý 201 
hyc3an 1 90 
hýd 196 
hýdan 196 
hy 3 e 190 
hy3e5anc 1 90 
hy3erún 1 90 
hyldan 157, 191 
hyldu 192 
hyU 191 
hymele 192 
hýnan 1 66 
hýn8 166 



55b 



INDICES 



hyn3ran 193 
hype 1 94 
hýran 167 
hyrd 194 
hyrdan 162 
hýře 171 
hyrne 1 95 
hyrst 1 95 

ic 83 
ídel 203 
ides 72 
íSan 30 
íSe 30 
íe5e 30 
ierfa 22 
Í3 4 
Í3ÍI 203 
ildan 14 
Mu 14 
ile 83 
ilfetu 13 
in 84 
inca 84 
incer 84, 208 
inn 83 
innan 84 
innanweard 84 
inne 83 
innera 83 
inwid 45 1 
inwidda 45 1 
inylfe 433 
ir5 23 
íren 204 
irfan 22 
irfenuma 289 
irfeweard 22 
irman 24 
irnan 302 
ís 204 
is 86 

ísceald 204 
ísensmiS 204 
ísern 204 
íw 203 

lác 233 
lácan 232 
lácnian 244 
lád 232 
láS 233 
lačHan 237 
lá9wende 233 
láf 232 
la3u 231 



lahslit 351 
lamb 234 
land 235 
landsidu 235 
lané 236 
lan3 235 
lan3Ían 236 
lan3lífe 235 
lár 233 
láwerce 234 
laeccan 234 
léče 244 
lédan 232 
lé3 244 
láďan 232 
lén 232 
laeppa 236 
lžran 233 
lés 244 
lest 233 
kest 244 
li stan 233 
bet 237 
létán 244 
lžwan 245 
leád 238 
leáóor 239 
leáf 237-238 
léa 3 238 
léah 238 
leahter 232 
léan 232, 239 
leápp 239 
leás 239 
leássa3ol 311 
leásun 3 239 
leax 232 
lec3an 231 
leSer 241 
leSerhose 241 
léf 243 
le3er 240 
lemian 234 
len3an 236 
len 3 a 236 
len 3 u 236 
leód 242 
leódan 242 
leód 243 
leóSian 243 
Ieó5san3 243 
leóf 241 
leóflíc 241 
leÓ3an 242 
leóht 240, 242 
leóma 242 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



557 



león 247 
leornian 247 
leów 231 
lesan 241 
lcttan 237 
líc 247 
liccian 245 
lic3an 240 
líchama 247 
lícian 248 
lícmann 247 
lid 245 
H8 246 
113 241, 249 
líSan 248 
líf 247 
lífan 238 
lífdag 247 
lifer 245 
lifian 245 
lifleás 247 
líflic 247 
1Í3 238 
lÍ3nan 238 
líhtan 241 
líhtan 243 
lim 246 
lim 248 
limhál 246 
limpan 240 
lín 248 
lind(e) 240 
líne 248 
linnan 246 
lippa 241 
lísan 239 
list 246 
liste 248 
listhendÍ3 
líxan 242 
loc 250 
locc 250 
lócian 249 
loSa 252 
lof 249 
lof3eorn 249 
lofian 249 
1Ó3 249 
lóh 236 
loppe 251 
los 251 
losian 251 
lox 250 
lúcan 252 
lundla3a 251 
lun3en 251 



59 



lús 252 
lust 251 
lustsumlíc 251 
lútan 252 
lybb 249 
lyft 249 
ly3en 250 
lystan 25 1 
lysu 237 
lyt 251 
lytel 248 

má 257 
macian 257 
maSa 264 
máSum 256 
ma3a 253 
ma3u 253 
máh 254 
mál 254 
man 259 
mán 255 
mánáS 255 
mánfuU 255 
man3Ían 259 
manian 259 
manÍ3 259 
manÍ3Íeald 259 
mann 260 
manncynn 260 
mannfaru 260 
mannian 260 
mannleás 260 
mannlíca 260 
mánswara 255 
mářa 257 
mase 256 
mást 256 
máwan 269 
máxwyrt 256 
maec 257 
maedere 252 
méd 271 
mseSel 263 
maeSlan 263 
mEB3 252 
mé3 269 
ma:33 253 
mŠ35 269 
mae3en 253 
mae3enian 253 
ma:3enweorc 253 
ma:3er 253 
mil 269-270 
mile 270 
maelsceafa 258 



558 



INDICES 



mřfenan 255 
mřéran 270 
míérSu 270 
msrc 262 
má-re 255, 270 
masst 263 
máte 271 
míéw 256 
mé 83 
meaht 254 
meahtÍ3 254 
meahtleás 254 
mealmstán 258 
mealt 258 
mearc 262 
mearcian 262 
mearcland 262 
mearo 261 
mearh 261, 264 
mearu 262 
mec 83 
méce 269 
medema 265 
meduaern 265 
medume 265 
meduwyrt 265 
méóe 274 
melcan 266 
meld 258 
melde 266 
meltan 267 
melu 267 
mene 260 
menÍ3u 259 
mennisc 260 
meodu 265 
meolc 267 
meolcian 267 
meord 272 
meós 269 
meówle 254 
mere 261 
merece 262 
mereswín 261 
meiřjen 276 
mersc 261 
metan 268 
metan 274 
mete 263 
metebael3 263 
meteleás 263 
metian 263 
metod 268 
micel 265 
micellíc 265 
miclian 265 
mid 268 



midd 264 
middan3eard 264 
midde 264 
middel 264 
midl 268 
midlian 265 
mí6an 273 
mierran 262 
mÍ3an 272 
milde 266 
mildéaw 266 
milisc 266 
miltan 258 
min 271 
min 83, 273 
mirce 268 
mir3an 276 
misbyrd 272 
miscian 272 
misdcfed 272 
mislíc 272 
missan 272 
missere 272 
mist 271 
mistel 271 
misteltán 271 
mite 273 
mód 273 
mód3ewinna 455 
módi3 273 
módor 273 
módsefa 273 
moóoe 278 
molda 275 
molde 275 
moldwe3 275 
móna 270 
mónad 270 
monu 260 
mór 274 
moro 277 
moróor 277 
moróweorc 277 
more 276 
mor3en 276 
mor3en3Ífu 276 
mós 274 
mos 277 
mót 274 
múó 276 
múóa 276 
mÚ3a 278 
mund 275 
murnan 277 
mús 278 
myc3e 275 
myc3ern 127 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



559 



myne 276 
myr(i)3e 276 
myrSra 277 

naca 280 
nacod 280 
nafela 279 
nafu 279 
nafu3ár 279 
nama 280 
nán 283 
nasu 281 
nata 281 
nádl 287 
njedre 286 
na;3l 279 
nasss 281 
nžtan 280 
ne 283 
né 283 
neádÍ3ness 282 
neáh 286 
neáhfreónd 286 
neáhmŽ3 286 
neáhwest 286 
nearu 281 
neát 282 
nebb 279 
néSan 281 
nefa 283 
nemnan 280 
neoSan 287 
neoSera 289 
neós(i)an 284 
neótan 285 
nerian 281 
neríend 281 
nesán 284 
nést 284, 287 
nestán 284 
netele 281 
nett 281 
nette 282 
nicor 287 
níd 282 
níddearf 282 
niS 289 
níS 289 
niSer 289 
niSere 289 
niSerian 289 
níedan 283 
nift 283 
nÍ3o8a 285 
nÍ3on 285 
niht 279 
niman 284 



níwe 284 
nor3an 289 
nor5we3 289 
nose 289 
nú 289 
nytt 290 
nyttian 290 

óSer 21 
óSian 1 8 
ofdasle 67 
ofen 433 
ófer 290 
ofer 433 
oferžte 88 
oferblice 49 
ofer3apian 126 
ofer 3 itol 133 
oferian 432 
oft 433 
óhsta 290 
óht 20 
ókian 29 
on 17 
onbidian 45 
onbyr3an 63 
oncnééwe 218 
oné3an 290 
onha3Ían 150 
onn 435 
onsŽ3e 312 
open 435 
openian 435 
ór 290 
or 436 
ord 436 
or3Íete 1 34 
ort3eard 435 
orwÍ3e 465 
ós 21 
osle 1 7 
óst 26 
otěr 436 
oxa 433 

pád 291 
pál 292 
panně 291 
pxd 291 
penin3 291 
píc 292 
pinn 291 
pípě 292 
pleón 292 
pliht 292 
plÓ3 292 
pól 292 



.360 



INDICES 



posa 293 
potian 293 
pott 293 
preón 293 
prician 293 
pricu 293 
pun3 293 
pytt 294 

rá 295 
raca 296 
racca 297 
racente 296 
racu 296 
rád 295 
ranč 297 
rand 297 
ráp 296 
rárian 296 
rácan 295 
racc 297 
rád 304 
rádan 303 
rádbana 303 
ráde 295, 304 
ráden 295 
rád3Ífa 303 
rádleás 303 
rádsnotor 304 
raďter 294 
rápan 296 
rapsan 294 
ráran 296 
rásan 304 
ráw 295 
reád 299 
réafian 298 
réc 299 
récan 299, 307 
reccan 296 
recen 301 
re3n 300 
re3nbo3a 300 
re3nian 294 
re3nscúr 300 
re3nweard 294 
re3nwyrm 300 
reócan 303 
reód 302 
reódan 302 
reóma 303 
reótan 303 
repan 305 
rest 298 
ribb 300 
ríce 305 
rícedóm 305 



rídan 305 
ríS 306 
rife 305 
rift 304 
riht 300-301 
rihtan 301 
rihtun3 301 
rím 305 
rima 302 
rinc 302 
rind 302 
rípan 299 
rípe 306 
rísan 306 
roce 308 
ród 306 
ró3er 307 
rofen 303 
rómÍ3 304 
rót 307 
rów 307 
rówan 306 
rudu 307 
rúh 309 
rum 309 
run 310 
rúnstcef 3 1 
růst 309 
ryddan 307 
ry 3 e 308 
rýhe 309 
rýman 309 
ryne 308 
rýně 310 
ryse 309 

sá 312 
sacan 314 
sacian 315 
sacu 3 1 5 
sada 312 
sadol 311 
sadolbo3a 311 
sa3u 311 
sál 313 
sála 316 
sálu 3 1 6 
samen 317 
samnian 317 
samod 317 
samwist 317 
sámwyrcan 328 
sand 318 
sandeorn 318 
san 3 318 
sápe 3 1 3 
sár 313 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



361 



sárbót 3 1 3 
sárlíc 313 
sáwan 327 
sáwel 314 
séé 314 
Scfebur3 314 
S3ECC 3 1 5 
saed 310 
sžd 327 
Scfedéor 3 1 4 
sšdtíma 327 
Scfefisc 3 1 4 
sae3en 311 
sélan 312, 327 
Scéland 314 
sa:15 315 
sél5 327 
sémami 314 
Scéně 3 1 3 
ssep 319 
sžbt 328 
sete 328 
s;fewe3 3 1 4 
scžnan 332 
sceacan 332 
sceacel 332 
sceac3a 331 
sceádan 331 
sceadd 331 
sceadu 331 
sceadwian 331 
sceá3 332 
scea3a 336 
sceaSian 336 
sceáf 336 
scéafa 331 
sceafan 330 
sceáffót 331 
sceaft 331 
sceaftto3 4 1 1 
scea3a 331 
sceal 332 
scealc 332 
scea^a 332 
scealu 333 
sceam 333 
sceám 339 
sceamian 333 
sceamleás 333 
sceamu 333 
sceanca 334 
sceáp 340 
scear 335 
sceár 340 
sceard 335 
scearn 335 
scearp 335 



scearu 335 
sceát 337 
sceáta 337 
sceatt 336 
sceáwian 337 
sceSSan 336 
scelfan 337 
scellan 333 
scelle 333 
scencan 334 
sceó 341 
sceófan 339 
sceolh 338 
sceorfan 339 
sceót 339 
sceótan 339 
sceran 338 
scíd 341 
sciftan 340 
scild 337 
scildan 337, 345 
scildbur3 337 
scildhreóóa 1 85 
scilfe 337 
scilfisc 332 
scilian 338 
scffl 332, 338 
scilian 338 
scillin3 338 
scíma 341 
scimian 340 
scimrian 340 
scínan 34 1 
scíne 336 
scinu 340 
scip 340 
scipfird 340 
scipmann 340 
scippan 334 
scipsteóra 34 1 
scír 341 
scíran 342 
scirian 335 
scítan 342 
scofl 347 
scÓ3an 342 
scóh 342 
scóh5wan3 342 
scop 346 
scorf 346 
scorian 346 
scort 346 
scoru 346 
scot 346 
scotian 347 
scrád 343 
scrallettan 344 



5 02 



INDICES 



scrapian 344 
seřaď 334 
scréad(e) 344 
screpan 344 
scríSan 344 
scriSe 344 
scrífan 344 
scrift 344 
scrincan 344 
scrúd 345 
scrybb 344 
scrýdan 345 
scúfan 347 
sculdor 345 
scúr 347 
scúwa 347 
scyld 345 
scyldfrecu 1 1 3 
scyldhete 153 
scyndan 345 
scyrte 346 
scyte 347 
scytel 347 
scytta 347 
se 310 
seáS 320 
sealf 315 
sealfian 315 
sealh 315 
sealma 324 
sealt 3 1 6 
sealtan 3 1 6 
sealtfart 316 
sealtstán 316 
seám 320 
seár 320 
seárian 320 
searo 319 
seáw 320 
seax 312 
sécan 360 
sec3 312 
sec3an 311 
sec3róf 307 
sedan 361 
seddan 311 
sedan 318 
sefa 311 
séfte 3 1 8 
se3l 322 
se3lian 322 
seht 312 
seldan 323 
seldlíc 323 
seldsíne 323 
sele 315 
sele3Íst 3 1 5 



seleweard 315 
šelf 323 
sel&ta 88 
sellan 316 
séman 360 
sencan 318 
sendan 318 
sen3an 318 
séoc 326 
seód 326 
séoSan 326 
seofoSa 321 
seofon 321 
seolfor 328 
seolforsmiS 329 
seolfren 329 
seolh 323 
seón 323, 330 
seonu 329 
seonuwealt 444 
seorSan 325 
seówan 329 
sere 3 1 9 
sess 325 
set 325 
seten 3 1 9 
seti 326 
settan 319 
sibb 320 
sibbian 32 1 
sic 330 
síd 329 
síde 329 
sidian 321 
sidu 321 
síS 325, 330 
síSian 325 
sife 328 
sÍ3an 329 
si 3 Se 322 
si3e 322, 328 
si3el 385 
sÍ3orian 322 
síma 330 
simble 324 
sin 322, 330 
sine 325 
sincan 325 
sind 458 
sinder 324 
súrjan 324 
sin3réne 324 
sittan 325 
six 322 
sixta 322 
sláh 348 
sláháorn 348 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



5G3 



slápan 350 
sláw 349 
si* 348 
slaec 349 
slcfed 348 
slip 350 
sleán 348 
slec3 348 
sle3e 348 
slídan 35 1 
slidrian 350 
slide 35 1 
sliht 348 
šlím 351 
slincan 350 
slin3an 350 
slípan 349 
slipor 351 
slítán 351 
slíw 351 
sloca 352 
slop 352 
sluma 352 
slúpan 350 
smacian 353 
smsecc 352 
smael 353 
snižte 352 
smeá3an 353 
sméah 353 
smelt 353 
smeócan 354 
smeortan 353 
smeoru 353 
smerian 353 
smicer 354 
smiS 354 
smi5bel3 354 
smi55e 355 
smiSian 355 
smirels 354 
smirwan 354 
smítán 355 
smittian 354 
smocc 355 
smolt 353 
smÚ3an 354 
snaca 356 
snacc 356 
snáw 355 
snáwhwít 355 
snžd 355 
snšdan 355 
sn£édin3 355 
snšs 356 
snžsan 356 
snear 356 



snearu 356 
sne3el 357 
snell 357 
sneówan 358 
snér 359 
snícan 358 
sníoan 358 
sníwan 358 
snód 358 
snoru 359 
snot 359 
snotor 359 
snúd 360 
snySian 359 
snýtan 360 
snytru 359 
sócn 360 
só5 318-319 
sóScwcéde 229 
sóSlíc 319 
sóSword 319 
sol 385 
sóm 360 
šopa 388 
soppe 388 
sor 3 388 
sor3Ían 388 
sorhfull 388 
sót 360 
spáca 36 1 
spadá 361 
spanan 36 1 
span3 36 1 
spann 362 
spannan 362 
spanu 362 
sparian 362 
spser 362 
spearca 362 
spearhafoc 363 
spearwa 363 
sped 36 1 
spelc 363 
speld 363 
spell 363 
spellian 363 
spennan 362 
spennels 362 
spere 364 
spíc 365 
spíc 365 
spild 363 
spildan 364 
spinel 364 
spinnan 364 
spír 365 
spíwan 365 



504 



INDICES 



spiwe 365 
spon 364 
spor 367 
spora 368 
spornan 367 
spówan 364 
spra:c 366 
sprždan 366 
sprecan 366 
sprerrjan 366 
spreót 364 
spriirj 366 
sprúrjan 366 
šprota 367 
spyrd 367 
spyrian 367 
spyrnan 367 
staca 370 
stac3a 369 
staSol 373 
stafian 368 
stam 370 
stamerian 371 
stán 369 
stánbo3a 369 
stánbur3 369 
standan 371 
stánÍ3 369 
stapa 372 
stapol 372 
starian 372 
sta;5 372 
stae55an 373 
stsef 368 
sta»3 369 
stcé3er 369 
sténán 370 
staeppan 372 
staer 372 
stserblind 372 
steall 370 
steám 376 
steáp 373 
stearc 372 
stearn 375 
steardian 376 
stede 369 
stedefcest 368 
stedeleás 368 
stefn 368, 373 
stefna 371 
stefnan 371 
stefnian 373 
stela 374 
stelan 374 
stencan 371 
steópbearn 376 



steópcild 376 
steópdohtor 376 
steópfceder 376 
steópmódor 376 
steópstinu 376 
steór 377 
steorfa 375 
steorfan 375 
steórmann 376 
steorra 375 
steort 376 
stepe 371 
sticca 374 
štice 378 
stician 378 
stíS 375 
stíeran 377 
stíf 378 
sti3 377 
stÍ3 378 
stÍ3an 378 
stÍ3ráp 377 
stílan 369 
stíle 369 
stillan 374 
stale 374 
stincan 375 
stúrjan 374 
stípan 373 
stoce 383 
stód 379 
stod 382 
stódhors 379 
stódmere 379 
stofa 382 
stol 379 
stór 379 
storc 384 
storm 384 
stów 380 
stówian 379 
strand 380 
stran3 380 
strsec 380 
strži 381 
streám 380 
streáw 381 
streáwian 381 
streccan 380 
stren3 380 
stren3líc 380 
strícan 382 
střídán 382 
stund 383 
stunian 383 
stunt 383 
stycee 383 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



365 



styntan 383 
styria 384 
styrian 384 
styrman 384 
sú 389 
súcan 388 
súSan 387 
súderne 387 
sufel 385 
sÚ3an 388 
S11311 385 
sum 385 
sumer 386 
sumerlan3 386 
sund 386 
sundor 386 
sundrian 387 
sunne 387 
sunor 387 
sunu 388 
súpan 389 
súr 389 
súreá3ede 28 
súrÍ3e 29, 389 
súsl 326, 388 
swá 397 
swaSu 392 
swamm 391 
swán 390 
swan 391 
swápan 390 
swát 390 
swžlan 396 
swžr 396 
swís 396 
swíslíc 396 
swítan 390 
swealwe 390 
sweard 391 
swearm 39 1 
sweart 392 
swebban 389 
swefan 392 
swefel 392 
swefen 392 
swefnian 393 
swé3 397 
swé3an 397 
swe3el 393 
swe3er 393 
swe3le 385 
swehor 393 
swelan 393 
swelc 390 
swel3an 394 
swellan 394 
sweltan 390, 394 



swenc 391 
swen3an 391 
sweora 395 
sweord 395 
sweordberende 395 
sweorfan 395 
sweostor 395 
swér 393 
swerian 391 
swic 396 
swícan 397 
swicn 393 
swicol 396 
swí5 394 
swídan 395 
swíSlíc 394 
swífan 397 
swíma 397 
swimman 394 
swín 397 
swincan 394 
swin3an 394 
swínhyrde 397 
swipe 396 
swót 398 
swylt 398 
syflan 385 
sýl 389 
syll 394 
symbel 386 
symerin3wyrt 386 
syn 386 
syndrian 387 

tacan 400 
tácn 399 
tácnian 399 
tácor 399 
táhe 399 
talián 400 
talu 401 
tam 401 
tán 399 
tan3 40 1 
tar3e 402 
tam 402 
tát 400 
tícnan 399 
tacsL 398 
tel 400 
tel 406 
telan 406 
taeppa 402 
tísan 400 
tétan 400 
te 408 
téafor 402 



5(iG 



INDICES 



teá 3 403 
tea3or 398 
team 403 
teár 399 
teárÍ3hleór 399 
teld 404 
te^a 404 
teUan 400 
temian 401 
tendan 401 
ten3an 40 1 
teó6a 403 
teohh 403 
teón 405, 407 
teóna 405 
teors 405 
teran 405 
teter 405 
tiber 406 
tíd 407 
tierwe 405 
-tJ3 403 
tÍ3an 403 
tiht 406 
til 407 
tilian 407 
tm 407 
tima 408 
timber 404 
timbran 404 
tin 404 
tin 407 
tinan 405 
tind 404 
tinneS 405 
tír 408 
tir3an 402 
titt 407 
tó 408 
tóS 401 
tóáleás 401 
to3Ían 411 
tóh 401 
tóhlídan 177 
tól 408 
tóm 408 
topp 412 
tordwifel 413 
torht 413 
torn 413 
tot 413 
totrida 304 
towhús 408 
tredan 409 
treddan 408 
tre3a 409 
trém 409 



treów 409-410 
treówan 410 
treówS 410 
treówe 410 
treówen 410 
treówlo3a 250 
treppan 409 
trí 3 409 
trod 410 
tro3 410 
trúS 41 1 
trum 41 1 
trúw 41 1 
trúwian 411 
tú 415 
tumbian 411 
tún 413 
tun3e 412 
tun3e-5rum 427 
tun3ol 412 
turf 413 
tusc 412 
twá 415 
twé3en 415 
twelf 413 
twelfta 4 1 3 
twelfwintre 413 
tweó 414 
tweóne 414 
twÍ3 414 
twin 414 
twisla 4 1 4 
twislian 414 
twist 414 
twiwa 414 
ty3el 41 1 
tyht 411 
tynder 412 

úder 436 
úf 436 
ufan 432 
ufera 432 
ufeweard 432 
úhthlem 1 74 
úle 436 
uncúS 224 
und 434 
under 434 
undern 434 
undernmete 434 
underwrždel 473 
un3ecoren 225 
un3eleáf 237 
un3Ílde 1 3 1 
unhírlíc 171 
unholda 192 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



367 



unléd 244 
unlí 3 ne 238 
unnan 435 
unsábl 327 
unsáble 327 
up 435 
uppe 435 
úr 437 
úrÍ3fe5era 437 
ús 460 
user 435 
út 437 
útan 437 
úte 437 
útor 437 
útsiht 385 

wá 440 
wác 440 
wacian 442 
wáclíc 440 
wacol 442 
wacor 442 
wacu 442 
wadan 438 
wadu 438 
wá5 441 
wá3 440 
\va3ian 439 
walu 444 
wamb 445 
wamm 445 
wan 446 
wana 447 
wand 446 
wandian 446 
\van3 446 
\van3e 447 
wanhál 445 
wánian 440 
wanian 446-447 
wápe 44 1 
wapol 447 
warenian 449 
warian 449 
waru 449-450 
wáse 441 
wát 441 
Wcfecan 440 
wsecnan 442 
wa;d 438 
wéd 460 
wéédian 460 
wžéSan 441 
wéfan 440 
WŽ3 460 
wae3n 439 



wad 443 

\vcelcyr3e 442 
wcddreór 442 
wEclfeall 442 
wadtan 444 
wřfepen 46 1 
wéépenleás 46 1 
w<er 447, 450 
Wcfer 461 
wsriíc 447 
wcescan 450 
wcesp 438 
wEestmbžre 44 
wét 462 
wéta 462 
wéétan 462 
wéte 462 
wceter 45 1 
wster3elšt 244 
wsterwrite 473 
wé 460 
weá 441 
weádžd 440 
wealcan 444 
wealcian 444 
weald 443, 445 
wealdan 443 
\veal3 443 
wealh 444 
wealhhafoc 443 
wealhhnutu 444 
weallan 453 
wealte 444 
wcard 448 
weardian 448 
weardmann 448 
\vear3 448 
wear3treów 448 
wearm 449 
wearn 449 
wearp 450 
weart 450 
weax 439 
weaxan 439 
webb 437 
webbian 438 
weccan 442 
\vec3 439 
\vec3an 438 
wédan 469 
wedd 438 
weddian 438 
weder 452 
wederdae3 45 1 
wederian 452 
wéSe 470 
weSer 459 



568 



INDICES 



wefan 45 1 
we3 452 
\ve3an 452 
\ve3farende 452 
\ve3leas 452 
\ve3nest 452 
wel 454 
weldšd 453 
weler 456 
\veli3 453 
wéman 470 
wemman 445 
wén 461 
wénan 46 1 
wendan 446 
wenian 447 
wenn 447 
weorc 456 
weorcda:3 456 
weorchús 456 
weorcmann 456 
weor6 457-458 
weorSan 457 
weorSian 458 
weorólíc 45 7 
weorold 462 
weorpan 457 
wépan 470 
wer 449, 463 
werSeód 463 
werewulf 463 
\ver3en3a 46 1 
werian 449-450 
wérÍ3 470 
wesan 458 
wesend 463 
wesle 459 
westan 459 
wéste 470 
westerne 459 
wíc 466 
wícan 466 
wic3 452 
wicu 462 
wíd 465 
wíde 465 
wídfaeSme 465 
\vid3an30l 126 
wídscriSol 344 
widu 462 
widuwe 462 
wi83e 464 
wiSer 464 
wiSerijreca 55 
wiSerweard 464 
wiáobán 464 
wiella 453 



wíf 464 
wifel 451 
WÍ3 465 
\vi3an 465 
wÍ3bedd 466 
\vi3heard 465 
wÍ3mann 465 
wíh 466 
wilit 452-453 
wilddéor 454 
wilde 454 
wílisc 444 
will 444, 453 
willa 453 
willan 444 
wilm 444 
wilwan 445 
wimpel 454 
wín 467 
\vinbel3 466 
wínberi(3)e 466 
wínbyrele 466 
wind 454 
windan 454 
wíndruncen 466 
windwian 456 
wine 455 
winestra 455 
wínfet 467 
wínhús 467 
winnan 455 
winter 455 
wíntreów 467 
wír 467 
wirdan 448 
\vir3an 448 
wir33 448 
wirman 449 
wirrest 457 
wirs 45 7 
wirsa 457 
wís 467-468 
wísa 468 
wisc 463 
wísdóm 467 
wíse 468 
wísian 468 
wíslíc 467 
wisnian 463 
wist 459 
wit 459 
wita 464 
wítan 468 
wíte 468 
\vite3a 468 
wíte3Ían 468 
witer 464 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



.31:9 



witÍ3 464 
witleás 463 
witod 464 
witt 464 
wíxlan 462 
wlátian 469 
wlisp 469 
wlítan 469 
wlite 469 
wód 469 
Wóden 469 
wóh 447 
wolcen 474 
wóm 469 
wóp 470 
word 475 
wordian 475 
\v0rdi3 475 
wordwís 475 
wor5 476 
wós 470 
wracu 471 
wráó 47 1 
wran3(a) 47 1 
wríec 47 1 
wríc 472 
wráS 471-472 
wržne 470 
wržstan 47 1 
wrecan 471 
wreccan 471 
\vre3an 473 



wríóan 473 
\vri3ian 471 
\vrin3an 472 
wrist 472 
writ 472 
wrítan 473 
wrót 473 
wrótan 473 
wulf 473 
wull 474 
wund 474 
wundian 474 
wundor 474 
wundorséon 474 
wunian 475 
wynn 475 
wyrcan 457, 476 
wyrd 475 
\vyr3an 476 
wyrm 476 
wyrm3eard 476 
wyrpel 450 
wyrt 476 
wyrtvvalu 445 
wýscan 475 

ý5 435 
yfel 433 
ymb 434 
yppan 435 
ysel 436 
ýtan 437 



bare 44 
bendel 35 
bléwe 48 
brim 5657 
budde 6 1 
busch 64 
busche 64 

cake 208 
cleat 215 
cnak 217 
cob 222 
cwéd 229 

depthe 7 1 
din3en 70 
doder 78 
drift 76 
driten 76 
droppe 7 7 



Middle English 

flake 105 

glenten 1 36 
gloume 137 

helpless 1 68 
herně 170 
hoors 153 
houseleek 196 

knagge 217 
knarre 217 

léske 243 
love 249 

male 257 
mawen 257 
móne 274 
mót 274 
mu teren 278 



570 



INDICES 



nére 285 
nippen 180 

padde 291 
pocce 293 
prange 293 

rapen 1 84 
rash 297 
reken 30 1 
rowe 1 89 
rowne 189 
ryppen 309 

scéthen 332 
schífe 341 
schriken 344 
schrillen 344 
shreame 344 
shrimp 344 
sloppe 352 
slúghe 352 
snípe 358 
snówen 356 
snúte 360 
someren 386 



sparre 363 
sprenten 366 
spúten 368 
sterten 372 
stUte 374 
stocken 383 
stolpe 383 
stripe 381 
strut 382 
strút 382 
stubbe 382 
sumertid 386 
sweigh 389 
swépen 390 

tim 158 
tip 405 
tyke 407 

wappen 447 
wase 450 
welde 445 
white 202 
wippen 462 
wráh 470 



English 



bang 35 
bar 37 
bloat 47 
brake 54 

cag 208 
calf 209 
clammer 215 

dab 66 

fledge 108 
fleet 107 
fud 116 

gnarr 1 38 
gnatter 1 38 

hulí 191 
hump 1 93 

leer 236 

mood 273 
mother 278 
mud 278 



notě 290 

oam 7 

quack 227 

rot 309 

saw 311 
sleet 349 
snub 359 
spink 365 
squack 348 
stacker 370 
swab 389 
swoop 397 

ted 398 
tether 405 
thaw 418 
tod 41 1 

wack 442 
whiting 202 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



571 



Old Saxon 



abal 2 
áband 2 
abuh 2 
adali 27 
a-dómian 73 
aoum 87 
af 1 

afheldian 157 
afseffian 311 
aftan 2 
aftar 2 
agana 3 
aha 5 
ahar 4 
ahaspring 366 
ahludian 178 
ahorn 5 
ahsla 5 
ahto 5 
ak 11 
akkar 12 
akus 1 2 
al 16 
al 87 
alah 14 
alahwřt 12-13 
alamahtlg 1 2 
aladiioda 1 2 
alawaldand 1 6 
alawaldo 13, 443 
ald 13 
aldar 14 
aldarlagu 1 4 
alčthian 234 
alósian 239 
alu 1 6 
alund 1 6 
alung 1 6 
ambaht 1 8 
ambusan 65 
an 17 
anafang 92 
anawani 461 
and 18 
ando 1 8 
andsaco 315 
andwurdi 475 
andwurdian 475 
angar 1 9 
ano 87 
anst 2 1 

answebbian 389 
antkennian 210 
andang 236 
amid 2 1 



apo 21 
appul 2 1 
apuldra 2 1 
aran-fimba 3 1 
arbelgid 34 
arbčth 22 
arběthi 22 
arm 24 
armlik 24 
arn 24 
aro 25 
ars 25 
aru 25 
arut 25 
as 21 
ask 26 
ast 26 
at 26 
at 88 

athrotan 426 
athumzuht 411 
avaro 2 
awerclian 448 

badu 32 
bag 44 
bak 33 
bald 34 
bálu 34 
baluwiso 468 
ban(n) 36 
baneSi 35 
bank 36 
bannan 36 
baňo 36 
bar 40 
bára 38 
barm 37 
barn 37 
baron 40 
barug 37 
badi 39 
be 44 
bed 32 
běda 45 
bčdian 32 
beginnan 1 32 
beki 33 
beldian 34 
belgan 41 
běn 32 
bendi 35 
beniwunda 35 
beran 41 
berg 42 



572 



INDICES 



bergan 42 
berht 42 
berhtlrk 42 
beri 40 
berka 43 
bero 43 
bčrswln 33 
bet 38 
betaro 38 
bčthia 52 
bewó 44 
bia 46 
bibón 45 
bidan 46 
biddian 45 
bidelban 70 
bidóbian 69 
bidódian 69 
bidón 45 
bidriogan 75 
bidwellian 8 1 
bifelhan 97 
bigetan 1 33 
bihlidan 177 
bihullean 191 
bihwelbian 1 98 
bikllban 216 
bilemid 234 
billban 247 
bili 46 
bilukan 252 
bindan 4 1 
binet 41 
bini 46 
biod 43 
biodan 43 
biril 42, 64 
birka 42 
bisenkian 318 
bitan 46 
bitengi 40 1 
bittar 45 
biwellan 453 
blad 46 
bladara 46 
blao 49 
blčk 47 
blek 49 
bii 49-50 
blikán 49 
blind 48 
blindi 48 
blithi 49 
blód 50 
blódag 50 
blójan 50 
blómo 50 



bloth 48 
blóthi 48 
bodal 64 
bodo 61 
bodom 6 1 
bóggebo 39, 130 
bógian 39 
bok 52 
boka 5 1 
bókan 39 
bokia 5 1 
bokstaf 5 1 
boUo 62 
bóm 39 
bona 40 
bord 63 
borda 63 
boron 64 
bčsom 52 
bota 52 
botian 52 
Bovo 51 
brado 5 7 
brakon 54 
brand 54 
branderčda 54, 295 
brčd 53 
brčdian 53 
brekan 55 
bressemo 53 
brestan 56 
bringan 55 
brinnan 56 
brod 54 
bróthar 57 
brud 59 
brudigomo 59 
brudloht 59 
brugdun 55 
bruggia 58 
brukan 60 
brunnia 58 
brunno 58 
brunród 60 
bu 65 
buan 52-53 
buggian 6 1 
bula 65 
buland 65 
bur 65 
burdian 63 
burg 63 
bursta 64 

dad 72 
dag 66 
dagwerk 66 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



573 



dal 67 
danna 68 
dar 68 
děl 67 
dělian 67 
derbi 7 1 
dilli 70 
diop 7 1 
diupi 7 1 
diuri 7 1 
diuritha 7 1 
diurlik 71 
dóan 73 
dód 69 
dog 69 
dohtar 78 
dokka 78 
dol 81 
dóm 73 
dópian 69 
dor 79 
dosan 80 
dóth 70 
dragan 74 
drán 76 
driban 76 
drinkan 75 
driopan 76 
driosan 76 
dróbi 77 
drobian 7 7 
drohtTn 7 7 
dróm 75 
dropo 7 7 
dror 75 
druhtfolk 77 
duba 80 
dumb 79 
dung 79 
dunian 79 
dwalm 8 1 

ěd 6 
ed 82 
edor 82 
čdstaf 1 
ef 82, 204 
efni 82 
eft 2 
čgan 6 
eggia 3 
egisa 3 
egitha 3 
egithassa 4 
ehuskalk 83 
ei 11 
čk 7 



ěld 7 
eldi 14 
elina 1 4 
elira 1 5 
ellean 1 5 
elleban 8 
ellifto 8 
ěn 9 
ěndago 8 
endi 18 
endilós 1 8 
endion 1 8 
čnfald 8 
engi 1 9 
engitha 1 9 
čnhard 8 
čnig 8 
čnlópe 8 
čo 10 
ěr 9, 11 
erbi 22 
erbiward 22 
erian 23 
erida 23 
ěrist 9 
erit 25 
eriwit 1 
erl 85 
ertha 86 
erthhús 85 
es 203 
ěscon 9 
esil 25 
etan 86 
eth 10 
etfaili 27 
ettho 86 
ěttor 10 
evurspiot 364 
ewi 31 

fá 96 
fadar 88 
fagan 88 
faganón 89 
fahan 92 
fahs 89 
fal 91 
-fald 90 
faled 91 
faUan 91 
falu 91 
fano 92 
faran 93 
fardwolon 8 1 
farflócan 108 
farliosan 243 



574 



farlust 251 
farm 93 
farman 259 
farskundian 345 
farsturian 384 
farthrot 427 
farutar 437 
farwarht 476 
farwurht 476 
fast 94 
fasta 95 
fastnón 95 
fastunnia 95 
fat 95 
feSara 102 
fedarhamo 102 
fčgi 89 
fčh 89 
fehtan 96 
fehu 97 
fehugiri 1 32 
fčkan 90 
fčkni 90 
feld 97 
fell 97 
feUian 91 
fčmea 90 
feni 92 
ferah 100 
ferian 93 
fernun gěre 100 
ferr 99 
fersna 101 
festian 94 
fíf 98 
fifaldra 98 
filu 98 
findan 99 
fingar 99 
fíond 103 
fiorSo 96 
firihos 100 
firina 100 
firinwerc 100 
firrian 99 
first 1 1 3 
fisk 103 
fiskon 103 
fittea 101 
fiur 121 
fiwar 96 
fláka 105 
flehtan 106 
flčsk 104 
flet 105 
fliohan 107 
fliotan 107 



INDICES 




flód 


107 


flokan 


108 


flotón 


109 


flugi 


108 


fluht 


108 


fodian 


109 


fogian 


109 


fohs 


117 


folda 


117 


folgon 


117 


folk 


117 


folo 


118 


fora 


119 


-ford 


119 


forht 


120 


forhtian 120 


forian 


110 


formo 


116 


forth 


121 


fot 110 


fra 112 


fram 


111 


fremithi 111 


fremmian 111 


frěsa 


111 


frěthi 


111 


frithón 1 1 5 


frithu 


115 


frithusam 317 


friund 


114 


fřiutfail 1 1 4 


frod 


115 


froho 


112 


frokni 


116 


frost 


116 


frua 


112-113 


frumT 


116 


fugal 


116 


fugalklovo 217 


ful 118 


fullian 


118 


fullon 


118 


furi 


119 


furia 


120 


furist 


120 


fus 119 


fust 


118 


gabala 


121 


gaduling 1 22 


galgo 


124 


galia 


124 


galm 


125 


galpon 1 25 


gaman 125 


gan 


133 


gang 


125 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



375 



gangan 125 
gard 126, 129 
gardo 127 
garu 1 2 7 
garwian 127 
gast 127 
gat 128 
geba 1 30 
geban 1 30 
gebreuuan 56 
geder 87 
gegin 122 
gehan 205 
gěl 122 
geld 130 
geldan 1 30 
gelp 1 3 1 
gelu 1 3 1 
genot 282 
gěr 123 
gern 1 32 
gersta 132 
gest 123 
gět 123 
gí 206 
giarmod 24 
gibeddio 32 
giberan 4 1 
gibilla 130 
giblóthid 48 
gibod 60 
gibrennian 54 
giburd 63 
giburian 64 
gidróg 74 
giervan 22 
gifagiridia 89 
gifólian 109 
gifóri 1 1 
gifragi 113 
gigengi 126 
gihónian 166 
gihugd 1 90 
gihungrian 1 93 
gihwervian 198 
gikunnon 224 
gilik 248 
gilóbian 238 
gimako 257 
gimalan 257 
gimarkón 262 
giměd 254 
giměni 255 
gimerki 262 
gimet 268 
glnan 1 34 
ginesan 284 



ginist 284 
ginog 289 
giotan 133 
giradi 304 
girnian 132 
giruni 3 1 
gisal 135 
giscaft 331 
gisellian 316 
gisid 325 
gisidon 32 1 
gisithi 325 
gisiuni 323 
giskerpian 335 
gisund 386 
git 208 
gital 400 
gitiunian 406 
gitriuwid 410 
giwaragean 448 
giweldig 443 
giwennian 447 
giwerthon 458 
giwirki 457 
giwit 464 
giwono 447 
glas 135 
glasa 1 35 
glau 1 36 
glidan 136 
glTmo 1 36 
glitan 136 
glóian 137 
-gó 128 
god 138 
god 145 
godforoht 144 
gódi 138 
godkund 223 
gódlik 138 
godowebbi 145 
gold 145 
goldwivil 45 1 
góma 128 
gómian 1 28 
-got 129 
grádag 1 42 
graf 139 
gram 139 
gras 1 40 
gravan 139 
gremi 140 
grim 141 
grlma 143 
grimman 141 
griot 141 
gnpan 1 43 



576 



INDICES 



gns 143 
gróni 1 43 
grot 141 
grótian 1 44 
grand 1 44 
gudfano 1 46 
guldln 146 
gumo 1 46 
gund 1 46 
guthea 1 46 

haf 158 
haft 149 
hagal 150 
hagin 150 
hago 150 
hagustalcl 1 50 
háhan 1 60 
hako 1 54 
haktíi 154 
halba 155 
haldan 155 
half 154 
haUa 156 
halon 1 56 
hals 156 
hamar 158 
hamustra 158 
hand 159 
handbano 159 
handlon 159 
handmagan 159 
handwerk 159 
hangon 160 
hano 161 
hanup 159 
har 172 
hard 162 
harm 163 
harmo 1 63 
harpa 163 
hathu 1 65 
haton 1 65 
hatulo 1 64 
havuk 1 48 
he 172 

hebantungal 1 69 
hebbian 147, 149 
hebig 148 
hěd 151 
hčdar 1 5 1 
heftian 149 
heil 151 
hěl 151 
hčlag 1 5 1 
hčlagon 1 5 1 
helan 168 



hěli 151 
hělian 152 
heliShelm 168 
helith 155 
heUia 156 
helliwití 1 56 
helpa 1 68 
helpan 1 68 
helsian 157 
helta 168 
hěm 152 
hěme 152 
her 153 
herdian 1 62 
herevart 1 62 
heri 1 63 
heriberga 42 
herión 163 
herth 170 
heru 1 7 1 
hět 153 
hětha 1 54 
hěthin 1 54 
heti 1 65 
hětian 153 
hildi 168 
hindan 172 
hindi 169 
hindiro 173 
hiopo 1 7 1 
hirdi 169 
hirot 1 7 1 
hiwa 173 
hlwiski 173 
hlamón 1 74 
hlanka 174 
hleo 177 
hleor 176 
hlid 177 
hlinon 177 
hliotan 176 
Mot 175 
hlud 178 
hlust 178 
hluttar 178 
hnapp 1 7 9 
hněgian 138 
hnigan 180 
hnitan 1 80 
hóba 181 
hobid 165 
hóbidband 35 
hóbidmal 270 
hod 165 
hóf 181 
hof 190 
hofstedi 190 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



577 



hóh 166 
hóhr 166 
hói 167 
hol 191 
hold 192 
holm 191 
holt 192 
hon 182 
honig 1 93 
hónitha 166 
hóp 1 66 
hord 196 
horhus 182 
horian 167 
horn 1 95 



horsk 
hosa 
hrao 
hrěni 



195 
195 
1 85 

183 



hrenian 183 
hrěnkorni 225 
hreu 183 
hreuwan 186 
hridra 187 
hring 1 85 
hringa 1 86 



186 
187 
187 

187 



hriod 
hripo 
hrisian 
hriuwi 
hróS 188 
hropan 1 88 
hrór 189 
hrórian 1 89 
hros 189 
hruggi 189 
hrutho 190 
trud 196 
huggean 191 
huggian 1 90 
hugi 190 
huldi 192 
hund 193 
hundrod 1 93 
hungar 1 94 
hurth 194 
hus 196 
huva 1 96 
hwal 197 
hwan 198 
hwar 198 
hwarbón 198 
hwarf 198 
hwat 199 
hwč 199 
hwelp 200 
hwerban 200 



hwessi 198 
hwethar 1 99 
hwč ti 197 
hwi 201 
hwila 201 
hwit 201 
hwolvo 198 

ic 83 
iclrilla 206 
Idal 203 
idis 72 
igil 203 
Ih 203 
in 84 
in 83 
inca 84 
inna 84 
innan 84 
inwid 45 1 
irmirrman 85 
irri 86 
irrian 86 
ís 204 
is 86 
ísarn 204 
Isarnsmith 204 
it 203 

jar 206 
ju 207 
juguth 207 
juk 207 
jukkian 207 
jung 207 
jungling 207 

kald 209 
kalf 209 
kamb 209 
karma 210 
karm 210 
karón 211 
kembian 209 
kimo 214 
kinan 214 
kind 212 
kiol 213 
kiosan 213 
kip 214 
kitilón 214 
klě 215 
kleni 215 
klibon 216 
klif 216 
knecht 217 
knevil 217 



578 



INDICES 



knio 218 
kó 219 
kop 211 
kópian 2 1 1 
kópstedi 211 
kom 225 
kornhus 225 
koston 226 
kraft 220 
krano 220 
kučian 224 
kuman 227 
kumbal 223 
kuning 224 
kuningdóm 224 
kuningnki 224 
kunni 224 
kus 225 
kussian 225 
kust 226 
kuth 224 

lagustrom 231 
lahan 232 
lahs 232 
lakan 234 
laki 244 
laknón 244 
lam 234 
lamb 234 
land 235 
landsidu 235 
landskuld 235 
lang 235 
langón 236 
lappo 236 
lari 236 
lastar 232 
lat 237 
látán 244 
ladiian 237 
lčba 232 
lčdian 232 
lčf 243 
legar 240 
leggian 231 
lěhan 232 
lčmo 233 
lčra 233 
lčrian 233 
lesan 241 
lěstian 233 
lčth 233 
lettian 237 
lčvian 232 
lčwerka 234 
libbian 245 



lif 247 
lrflos 247 
liggian 240 
líhán 247 
lihtlik 240 
lik 247 
likhamo 247 
likkón 246 
líkon 248 
lín 248 
lindia 240 
lmón 247 
liodan 242 
liof 241 
lioflik 241 
liogan 242 
liohtian 243 
liomo 242 
list 246 
lith 249 
lithan 248 

irthi 241 
liud 242 
lobon 249 
lóf 237 
lof 249 
lógnian 238 
lohs 250 
lok 239 
lokk 250 
lokon 249 
lón 239 
los 239 
losian 251 
loswaurd 239 
lotho 252 
lubbi 249 
luft 249 
lugina 250 
lungannia 251 
lungar 251 
lust 251 
lustian 251 
lustsam 251 
luttil 248 
luva 249 

mag 252 
mag 269 
magath 253 
mágu 253 
mahal 263 
mahalian 263 
maho 269 
maht 254 
mahtig 254 
maki 269 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



379 



makon 257 
maldar 257 
maldia 258 
málón 270 
malsk 258 
malt 258 
man 260 
manag 259 
managfald 259 
mangon 259 
mankunni 260 
mannisc 260 
mano 270 
manón 259 
manslahta 348 
mansterbo 375 
manuth 270 
marg 264 
mari 270 
márian 270 
maritha 270 
marka 262 
maska 262 
masur 263 
mat 263 
matho 264 
mě 257 
měda 272 
mčdom 256 
megin 253 
melm 267 
melo 267 
měn 255 
mčnčth 255 
mčnful 255 
mčngiwito 464 
měnhwát 199 
meni 260 
měnian 255 
menigi 259 
merca 262 
meri 262 
meria 261 
meridior 7 1 
meriswln 261 
mčro 257 
merrian 262 
mersc 261 
měsa 256 
mčst 256 
metilósi 263 
metod 268 
mí 83 
mid 268 
middi 264 
middia 264 
middil 264 



middilgard 264 
midgarni 127 
mik 83 
mikil 265 
mikilan 265 
mikili 265 
mildi 266 
milidou 266 
miluk 267 
min 83, 273 
mindil 268 
minnian 268 
mirki 268 
misdad 272 
mislik 272 
míst 271 
mithan 273 
mód 273 
modag 273 
modar 273 
moder 274 
modsebo 273 
mor 274 
mordwerk 277 
morgan 276 
morha 276 
mornian 277 
morth 277 
mot 274 
mothi 274 
motian 274 
muggia 275 
mund 275 
mus 278 
muth 276 

naba 279 
nabugěr 279 
nadla 287 
ňadra 286 
nagal 279 
nah 286 
naht 279 
nahthraban 1 82 
nako 280 
namo 280 
naru 281 
natha 287 
nathian 281 
neba 283 
nebal 283 
nebo 283 
nec 283 
neglian 279 
nemnian 280 
něn 283 
nerian 281 



580 



INDICES 



neriand 281 
netti 281 
ni 283 
nigun 285 
nigundo 285 
niman 284 
nith 289 
nithana 287 
nithar 289 
nitharon 289 
nithiri 289 
niusian 284 
niuwi 284 
niwian 284 
nód 282 
nódian 283 
nodthurft 282 
noh 289 
nu 289 
nutti 290 

óbian 290 
ód 28 
ódag 28 
odan 28 
óSar 21 
óSarlik 21 
ofar-drepan 75 
ofskerran 339 
óga 29 
ógan 28 
ohso 433 
ok 29 
opan 435 
opanon 435 
óra 30 
ord 436 
ordrenkian 74 
ostana 30 
ostroni 30 
othi 30 
ódiil 290 
ována 432 
ovar 433 

pal 292 
panna 291 
pant 291 
pčda 291 
penning 291 
pinn 291 
plegan 292 

quán 230 
queddian 226 
quelan 227 
queUan 227 



queUian 227 
quena 228 
querna 228 
quethan 229 
quidi 227 
quik 230 
quirnstěn 228 

rad 304 
raclan 303 
radgebo 303 
raka 296 
rand 297 
rasta 298 
rath 298 
reSión 298 
regan 300 
reganwurm 300 
regera 183 
reho 295 
řeht 301 
reka 301 
rekkian 296 
rennian 297 
respian 294 
rethia 298 
ribbi 300 
rihti 301 
rihtian 301 
ííki 305 
rikidóm 305 
rinda 302 
rink 302 
rinnan 302 
riomo 303 
ňpi 306 
risan 306 
rítii 306 
róbon 298 
rod 299 
róda 306 
róf 298 
roggo 308 
rok 308 
rok 299 
rókian 307 
rošt 309 
rum 309 
rumian 309 
runa 310 
ruwi 309 

sad 310 
sad 327 
sahs 312 
Sahso 312 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



381 



saka 315 
sakan 314 
sakk 315 
šalba 315 
salbón 315 
sál6a 327 
salt 316 
saltfat 316 
sama 317 
samad 317 
šaman 317 
samanunga 317 
samnon 317 
samo 328 
sámquik 328 
sand 318 
sang 318 
saro 319 
scal 332 
scathón 336 
scřmo 341 
sconi 336 
sciíkon 344 
sculthčtio 153 
sebo 311 
segal 322 
seggian 311 
sehan 323 
sehs 322 
sehsto 322 
sčl 313 
seldlik 323 
šelf 323 
seli 3 1 5 
selitha 315 
šelmo 324 
sěm 313 
sendian 318 
sěo 314 
sěola 314 
sěr 313 
sěrian 313 
sethal 326 
settian 319 
sibbia 320 
sibbio 321 
sibondo 321 
sibun 321 
sio 325, 330 
sioón 325 
sidu 321 
sigi 322 
silubrin 329 
siluvar 328 
šimla 324 
simo 330 
sin 330 



sine 325 
sincan 325 
sind 458 
sinder 324 
sinewa 329 
singan 324 
siok 326 
sittian 325 
siu 329 
siun 322 
siuwian 329 
skaft 331 
skala 339 
skalk 332 
skama 333 
skap 334 
skap 340 
skapo 334 
skára 340 
škard 335 
škarp 335 
skatho 336 
skatt 336 
skawón 337 
skědan 33 1 
skěf 331 
skenkian 334 
skeppian 334 
skerian 335 
skěth 332 
skilling 338 
skinan 34 1 
skio 341 
skiotan 339 
skip 340 
skir 341 
skiva 341 
skof 336 
skoh 342 
skokka 346 
školo 345 
skon! 337 
skoton 347 
skríban 344 
skridan 344 
skuddian 345 
skuld 345 
skundian 345 
skůr 347 
slahan 348 
šlak 349 
slap 350 
slápan 350 
sleekian 349 
slegi 348 
slegibráwa 5 7 
slěu 349 



582 



INDICES 



slido 350 
sliht 350 
slítán 35 1 
slithi 351 
slopian 349 
slund 352 
smál 353 
smáwort 354 
smeltan 353 
smero 353 
smith 354 
snegil 357 
snell 357 
snčo 355 
sneppa 358 
smSan 358 
sniumi 357 
so 397 
sogian 320 
sokian 360 
somi 360 
sorga 388 
sorgón 388 
soth 318-319 
soth 388 
sothlik 319 
sothword 319 
sou 320 
spado 36 1 
spálí 364 
spállk 364 
spanan 361 
sparón 362 
sparro 363 
spartalón 366 
spčka 361 
spčkaldra 361 
spekk 365 
spěl 363 
spelta 97 
sper 364 
spildian 364 
spinnila 364 
spott 368 
sprekan 366 
spurihelti 1 5 7 
spurihunt 367 
staSal 373 
staf 368 
stamn 371 
stamp 37 1 
stamurón 371 
stán 377 
standan 371 
stanga 371 
stank 371 
stark 372 



stath 372 
stedi 369 
stěfdohtor 376 
stěffader 376 
stěfmoder 376 
stěfsun 376 
stehli 369 
stekan 373 
stekko 374 
stelan 374 
stemmian 371 
stemna 373 
stěn 369 
sterban 375 
sterro 375 
stigan 378 
stiki 378 
sta 378 
stilli 374 
stillian 374 
stód 379 
stokk 383 
stol 379 
storm 384 
stótan 373 
strála 381 
strang 380 
stnd 381 
stndian 382 
stró 381 
strom 380 
strota 427 
stroton 382 
stukki 383 
stunda 383 
su 389 
suoróni 387 
stiga 385 
sugan 388 
suht 385 
sul 389 
sulik 390 
sum 385 
sumar 386 
sumarlang 386 
sumbal 386 
sundar 386 
sundargift 1 30 
sundia 386 
sunno 387 
sunu 388 
suoti 398 
surogi 389 
suthon 387 
suval 385 
swala 390 
swan 391 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



.383 



swar 396 
swart 392 
swás 396 
sweban 392 
swellan 394 
sweltan 394 
swěn 390 
swerd 395 
swerian 391 
swěsllk 396 
swestar 395 
swět 390 
sweval 392 
swibogo 6 1 
swigli 385 
swlkan 397 
swin 397 
swTnhirdi 397 
swith 394 
swoti 398 

tal 400 
tála 401 
talon 400 
tam 40 1 
tand 401 
tanga 40 1 
tanstuthili 382 
te 408 
tegotho 403 
tehan 404 
těkán 399 
teUian 400 
těn 399 
thagian 415 
than 415 
thanana 416 
thank 416 
thankon 416 
thar 416 
tharbón 416 
tharbon 417 
tharf 417 
tharod 416 
that 310,417 
thístil 419 
thegan 418 
thekkian 415 
thenkian 416 
thennian 416 
theo 419 
therbi 421 
thihan 421 
thikki 419 
thili 420 
thimm 420 
thm 423 



thing 420 
thinghůs 420 
thingón 42 1 
thiod 423 
thiodan 422 
thiodkuning 422 
thiof 422 
thionón 418 
thionost 419 
thiorna 419 
thiubda 422 
thiudisc 422 
thiwi 419 
thoh 418 
tholian 428 
thorn 430 
thorp 430 
thrad 427 
thrásian 425 
thrawerk 425 
thňa 425 
thrida 427 
thrimman 425 
thringan 426 
thrist 427 
throsla 425 
thu 428 
thůmo 431 
thunar 429 
thunkian 429 
thunni 429 
thurft 429 
tfaurh 421 
thurst 430 
thurstian 430 
thwahan 431 
thwerh 432 
thwingan 431 
tid 407 
-tig 403 
timbar 404 
timbro 404 
timbrón 404 
tinnong 429 
tiohan 405 
tiono 405 
tír 408 
to 408 
tom 408 
tomian 408 
torht 413 
torn 413 
trada 409 
tregan 409 
trego 409 
treulogo 250 
treuwa 4 1 



584 



INDICES 



trio 409 
triuwi 410 
trostian 409 
truón 411 
tun 413 
tunga 4 1 2 
tungal 412 
twa 415 
twě 415 
tvveho 414 
tvvelif 413 
twěne 4 1 5 
twiflian 414 
twio 414 
twist 414 
two 415 

ubil 433 
uder 436 
uhta 435 
umbi 434 
und 434 
undar 434 
undbětian 33 
undorn 434 
ungimak 257 
unhiuri 1 7 1 
unhiurllk 171 
unholdo 192 
unnan 435 
unrím 305 
unti 434 
unwiglik 465 
up 435 
uppa 435 
ur 436 

urspannane 362 
us 460 
ut 437 
Ota 437 
utan 437 
utbislotenun 350 
uthia 435 
uvil 433 

wad 460 
wadian 460 
wág 460 
waga 439 
wága 460 
waganlěsa 233 
wagian 439 
wahs 439 
wahsan 439 
wahta 440 
wakon 442 
wald 445 



waldad 443 
waldan 443 
wam 445 
wamlós 445 
wan 446 
wan 46 1 
wand 446 
wang 446 
wanga 447 
wánian 46 1 
wankon 447 
wanon 446 
wápan 46 1 
war 447 
wár 461 
wara 450 
waragtrďo 448 
ward 448 
warda 448 
wardon 448 
warg 448 
warm 449 
warmian 449 
waron 449 
warp 450 
warta 450 
watar 45 1 
watho 45 1 
wě 440-441 
webbi 437 
wedar 452 
weddi 438 
wěg 440 
weg 452 
wegan 452 
weggi 439 
weggian 438 
wehsal 462 
wehslón 462 
weida 44 1 
wěk 440 
wekkian 442 
wela 454 
wendian 446 
wčnon 440 
wepsia 438 
wer 463 
werd 456 
werSan 457 
werian 449 
werk 456 
wermoda 449 
werpan 457 
werr 449 
werth 457-458 
wesan 458 
westan 459 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



.385 



westroni 459 
wčt 441 
wethar 459 
wethil 45 1 
wí 460 
wid 465 
widerlága 244 
wido 465 
widohoppa 462 
widowa 462 
wíf 464 
wigg 452 
wigman 465 
wigsaka 465 
wíh 466 
wíhdag 466 
wihian 465 
wihitha 466 
wika 462 
wildi 454 
wilgia 453 
wffl 453 
willio 453 
wimpal 454 
win 467 
wmberi 466 
wind 454 
windan 454 
winding 455 
windskufla 347 
wmgardo 467 
wini 455 
winilioth 243 
winistar 455 
winnan 455 
wintar 455 
wirs 457 
wirsa 457 
wirsista 457 
wls 467 



wisa 468 
wisdom 467 
wisian 468 
wisllk 467 
wisón 468 
wiss 463 
wist 459 
wit 459 
withar 464 
witi 468 
wliti 469 
Wóden 469 
wódian 469 
wolkan 474 
wóp 470 
wópian 470 
wórag 470 
word 475 
wordwis 475 
workian 476 
wósti 470 
wraka 472 
wrekan 471 
wrčnio 470 
wrčth 47 1 
wrčthian 47 1 
wrisilik 472 
wrltan 473 
wrógian 473 
wulf 473 
wund 474 
wunda 474 
wundar 474 
wunnia 475 
wunón 475 
wurd 475 
wurgil 456 
wurm 476 
wurt 476 
wurth 476 



Middle Low German 



achtende 5 
ackerman 1 2 
ackerwerk 1 2 
adel(e) 2 
ádere 87 
ag 3 
alf 13 
alman 1 2 
alwár 1 6 
angel 1 9 
angest 1 9 
annáme 286 
arch 23 



are 25 
armbog 23 
arnen 3 1 
asche 26 
asse 5 

backen 33 
badestove 39 
balch 33 
balke 34 
bare 44 
bašt 38 
bate 38 



586 



INDICES 



beduven 80 
behóf 181 
beho ven 1 8 1 
beitel 33 
belle 41 
bendě 35 
bendel 35 
bendsel 35 
běr 44 
betame 406 
běte 33 
bever 40 
bil 46 
bfflen 41 
binge 4 1 
blanc 47 
blasen 49 
blecken 47 
bleie 50 
blěken 47 
blenden 47 
blinken 47 
blóden 50 
bloot 48 
blótrisene 50 
blouwen 48 
botel 40 
bóch 39, 51 
bode 52, 65 
boden 61 
bogel 6 1 
boken 39 
bóken 52 
bole 62 
bolte 62 
bor 62 
bordinc 63 
borelós 64 
borgen 63 
bórgen 63 
borke 37 
borst 59 
bose 40 
bóve 5 1 
braden 5 7 
bragen 53 
brak 53 
brake 54 
brank 54 
brěde 53 
brek 55 
brink 56 
brok 55, 57 
brósch 54 
brouwen 56 
brusche 56 
brusen 60 



bucht 61 
buck 6 1 
bucken 6 1 
buk 64 
bulge 62 
bunge 62 
bunken 62 
busch 64 

cove 222 

da 416 
dack 415 
dagen 66 
dam 67 
damp 68 
dapper 68 
dare 417 
darm 417 
das 4 1 5 

dech 66-67, 423 
delf 70 
delle 67 
děpede 7 1 
derschen 426 
desele 419 
dětwech 422 
děver 286 
dichte 421 
dieden 422 
dinkman 420 
disel 421 
dóf 69 
doget 78 
dolk 78 
doUe 428 
donern 429 
dorre 430 
dorsch 430 
dosen 8 1 
douwen 418 
dracht 74 
draf 73 
drammen 424 
dranc 424 
dreck 425 
drengen 424 
dreskeleff 426 
drift 76 
drive 76 
dromel 427 
drópen 75 
drot 425 
dru 427 
drunk 7 7 
drunken 7 7 
drusen 77 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



587 



ducht 428 
důden 422 
dum 431 
dumben 412 
dumelink 431 
dust 79 
dwal 81 
dwerch 8 1 

eckeren 1 2 
edelinc 2 7 
egelen 4 
ěgenen 6 
eggen 3 
eggestěn 3 
eilant 4 
einoge 7 
eisch 6 
čken 7 
ěkeren 7 
ele 83 
ellenboge 1 4 
elve 1 3 
cmere 7 
engelsch 1 9 
enkel 8, 20 
entvrómeden 1 1 
erdfal 85 
erdfast 85 
erve 22 
erwete 25 
esch 26 
čse 6 
espe 26 
etten 27 
ever 82 

falke 91 
farn 94 
fíle 103 
filt 97 
finne 103 
flas 104 
flčt 107 
flotcn 106 
fóder 109 
foster 1 1 

gaddere 121 
gaden 122 
galle 124 
gange 1 25 
gapen 126 
garn 127 
garnwinde 127 
garst 127 
gedrach 73 



gedrang 424 
geisel 1 23 
gel 131 
gelike 248 
gelit 246 
gellen 131 
gelt 124 
gelte 145 
gelve 131 
genanne 280 
gerade 298 
gčre 123 
gesniumen 358 
gest 206 
getrost 409 
gěve 1 33 
gevel 1 30 
gewelde 443 
giften 130 
gilde 131 
glar 135 
gláren 1 36 
glat 1 35 
glede 136 
glisen 136 
glód 137 
glupen 137 
gnagen 137 
gniden 138 
gók 128 
goltsmit 1 46 
gor 146 
gós 126 
graft 1 39 
grěn 141 
gnnen 1 43 
gristel 1 44 
grode 143 
gropen 141 
gruntlos 1 44 
gruntvast 1 44 
grut 144 

haf 147 
hagedorn 1 49 
hal 172 
halm 1 56 
halsběn 156 
ham 158 
ham(m)e 158 
hamel 1 5 7 
hank 161 
han tel 159 
harsch 1 64 
hase 1 64 
haselnote 1 64 
haspe 1 64 



INDICES 



havene 147 
hechte 149 
hegenen 150 
hehófte 181 
heidendom 153 
heist 1 5 1 
helfte 155 
helm 168 
henne 161 
herdě 162 
herewa.de 162 
herschilt 162 
herte 170 
herwech 162 
hěsch 153 
hilde 168 
hinderen 173 
hinken 169 
hók 154 
homele 192 
hóře 182 
hořen 182 
hornině 1 95 
horst 195 
hoste 202 
hover 1 90 
hovetlós 1 48 
huden 1 96 
huken 1 96 
hulk 191 
hulse 191 
hup 194 
huppen 1 94 
huslók 196 

me 6 
inster 84 
ískolt 204 

jene 205 

ka 211 
kane 210 
kar 212 
karsch 211 
kěl 208 
kele 212 
kelp 212 
kenninge 210 
kěp 208 
kerle 210 
kerne 213 
ketel 211 
keuwen 213 
kil 214 
kimme 212 
kimmel 212 



kinneben 212 
kip 214 
kippen 2 1 4 
kiven 2 1 4 
klampe 2 1 5 
klave 214 
klaver 215 
klei 215 
klimmen 215 
klut 217 
knacken 217 
knagge 217 
knap 217 
knapp 2 1 7 
kmf 218 
knlpen 218 
knoke 218 
knotte 219 
knuppe 2 1 8 
kodér 222 
kol 219 
kol 223 
kolk 223 
kolsen 209 
kolve 223 
kóně 219 
kop 224 
kópman 211 
kópschip 2 1 1 
kot 226 
krabbeln 220 
krammen 220 
kranek 221 
krangh 220 
krank 220 
krap 221 
kratsen 222 
krepen 221 
krimpen 221 
kringel 221 
krink 221 
krách 220 
kroden 222 
kromě 222 
krop 222 
kroppel 222 
krouwel 222 
kriibbe 222 
kiilde 223 
kule 226 
kuren 226 

lak 234 
lantkóp 235 
lasch 237 
lě 243 
lech 244 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



.339 



ledder 1 74 
leder 241 
ledich 246 
lěgede 244 
lemede 234 
lengde 236 
lenge 236 
lenken 175 
lěsche 243 
lěste 233 
lever 245 
leverwort 245 
lrk 247 
lim 248 
lindeworm 241 
line 248 
lint 240 
liste 248 
lit 177 
lo 238 
lod 238 
loge 238 
lóp 175, 239 
los 235 
lot 178 
loten 178 
luchten 249 
luken 252 
lus 252 

madre 252 
máge 253 
mager 253 
rnal 270 
male 257 
mail 258 
man 260 
manlós 260 
maře 262 
mark 262 
marschalk 261 
mast 263 
mechte 253 
mede 265 
medewurt 265 
měl 254 
melde 266 
melk 267 
melken 267 
melten 258 
měn 255 
mersch 261 
mesche 256 
měse 255 
měve 256 
middelen 265 
mígen 272 



míre 268 
mischen 272 
misse 272 
missen 272 
mist 271 
nutě 273 
móien 274 
móne 274 
morden 277 
more 277 
morgengave 276 
mos 277 
mořte 278 
mude 276 
mul 278 
mullen 275 
murren 277 

nacke 179 
naket 280 
námage 286 
narwe 281 
nat 281 
navel 279 
nebbe 279 
necker 287 
neden 1 80 
neien 286 
nemede 280 
něre 285 
nes 281 
nesen 1 80 
nést 287 
něte 180 
neten 1 79 
něten 280 
nettele 281 
netten 282 
nichte 283 
nodbende 282 
nodech 282 
noetschyn 282 
nómen 289 
norden 289 
not 181 
nouwe 179 
nuck 181 
nutsam 290 

oke 29 
oken 29 
orěte 88 
ose 21 
ósele 436 
oseň 30 
óst 26 



39n 



INDICES 



otter 436 
oven 433 

óver 290 
overen 432 
ovese 433 

padde 291 
pat 291 
pipe 292 
pipen 292 
plagge 292 
plet 292 
plicht 292 
plóg 292 
plugge 292 
pól 292 
pors 293 
pot 293 
prange 293 
přen 293 
punge 293 
putte 294 

quaken 227 
quát 229 
quere 229 
querke 228 
querken 228 
qučse 227 
quest 227 
quicken 230 
quist 229 
quisten 229 

rá 294 
raem 1 84 
rafter 294 
raken 297 
ram 1 84 
ráme 297 
ramese 1 84 
ramp 1 84 
rank 297 
rapp 1 84 
ráren 296 
ras 304 
rasch 297, 471 
řásen 304 
rat 185, 294 
ráte 187 
rave 183 
rawe 307 
rěbok 295 
recke 297 
rěde 295 
reff 304 



regenboge 300 
reiger 1 83 
reiken 295 
reken 301 
rěn 296 
rěp 296 
rěpen 296 
reppen 1 84 
rěten 303 
retin 299 
richt 301 
rige 295 
rigen 305 
ringe 302 
ris 188 
risten 187, 304 
riten 306 
rive 305 
rocken 308 
rode 307 
roden 309 
róder 307 
róf 188 
rogen 189 
rok 188 
róke 307 
roke 308 
roken 299 
róm 303 
rópen 299 
roppen 309 
rór 299 
róten 299 
rove 189 
rove 306 
rówe 307 
ruch 309 
rucken 308 
rasch 309 
ruse 3 1 

sádel 311 
sadelboge 3 1 1 
sage 3 1 1 
sagen 311 
sap 319 
sat 327 
schade 331 
schal(l) 333 
schalc 333 
schale 333 
schamelos 333 
schamen 333 
schande 334 
schar 335 
schare 335, 339 
scharf 334 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



391 



scharn 335 
scharren 336 
schart 335 
schěle 338 
schelen 338 
scheUe 332 
schellen 332 
schellvisch 332 
schemede 333 
schěmeren 340 
schene 340 
scher 335 
schiften 340 
schilt 337 
schipman 340 
schippen 341 
schipvart 340 
schit 342 
schiten 342 
schode 336 
schceten 337 
schoien 342 
scholen 348 
scholpe 345 
schópe 342 
schore 346 
schorf 346 
schorte 346 
schot 337 
schote 337 
schote 347 
schove 342 
schra 344 
schramme 344 
schrěken 344 
schricken 344 
schrimpen 344 
schrobben 345 
schrot 344 
schul 339, 347 
schulden 345 
schulder 345 
schulle 345 
schúm 345 
schuren 346 
schutte 347 
schutte 347 
schuven 339, 347 
schůwe 347 
seděn 326 
sěge 312 
segede 322 
segelen 322 
sěkedom 326 
sel 323 
selden 323 
sele 328 



selen 3 1 2 
sěman 314 
sengen 3 1 8 
sěpe 313 
sete 326 
setel 326 
seve 328 
sěvisch 314 
sibbe 320 
sik 323 
sTk 330 
sít 329 
skěn 337 
skeren 338 
šlach 348 
slage 348 
slagge 348 
slank 349 
slě 348 
slědorn 348 
slengen 349 
slet 349 
slete 351 
sir 35 1 
sliden 351 
slik 35 1 
sliken 351 
slim 351 
slim 351 
slingen 350 
slinken 350 
slipen 35 1 
slipper 35 1 
sloke 352 
slomen 352 
slot 352 
slů 352 
slůken 352 
slump 352 
slůpen 350 
smacken 353 
smak 353 
smalt 353 
smede 355 
smeden 355 
smeren 354 
smide 355 
smiten 355 
smitten 354 
smuck 355 
snabbe 355 
snake 356 
snar 356 
snare 356 
snateren 357 
sneppel 358 
snese 356 



592 



INDICES 



sněwit 355 
snigge 357 
snode 357 
snoderen 359 
snók 358 
snoppe 359 
snor 359 
snore 359 
snotte 359 
snouw 357 
snucken 359 
snůf 360 
snút 360 
snuten 360 
sod 320 
soemen 320 
soeren 320 
sol 385 
solt 316 
solten 3 1 6 
som 320 
somerdach 386 
someren 386 
somertit 386 
sonderen 387 
sone 360 
soppe 388 
sór 320 
sot 360 
spáde 364 
spalden 361 
spán 364 
spange 361 
spanne 362 
spannen 362 
sparke 362 
specht 365 
speen 363 
spellen 363 
spennen 362 
spiě 365 
spTle 365 
spinnen 364 
spfr 365 
špit 365 
splinte 365 
spliten 365 
spole 366 
spor 367 
spore 368 
spotten 368 
spředen 366 
sprengen 366 
sprote 367 
sprunk 367 
stach 369 
stade 369, 373 



stadigen 368 
stak 370 
stake 370 
staken 370 
stal 370, 374 
stál 369 
stam 371 
stampen 37 1 
stapel 372 
stár 372 
starblint 372 
starren 372 
staven 368 
stech 377 
steden 373 
stedevast 368 
stedich 368 
stege 377 
stěger 369 
stegerěp 377 
steken 374 
stělen 369 
stellinge 374 
stelte 374 
stěnen 370 
stěnhus 369 
ster 377 
sterne 375 
stert 376 
stevene 368 
stevenen 373 
stide 375 
stif 378 
stil 378 
stinken 375 
stiren 379 
stiure 377 
stivel 378 
stolpe 383 
stonen 383 
stop 373 
stor 384 
stork 384 
stormen 384 
stót 373 
sto ve 382 
stowen 379 
strak 380 
stram 380 
strand 380 
strank 380 
stricken 380 
striden 382 
striden 382 
striken 382 
stripe 382 
strump 382 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



593 



strunk 382 
stubbe 382 
stůke 384 
stur 385 
stůren 377 
stůrmann 376 
stůt 385 
stuve 384 
stůven 376, 384 
suke 326 
sul 394 
sulte 385 
šunt 386 
supen 389 
sur 389 
suwele 329 
swabben 389 
swad 392 
swáger 396 
swam 391 
swank 391 
swarde 391 
swarm 391 
sweimen 389 
swelgen 394 
swengen 391 
swepe 396 
swčten 390 
swTm 397 
swingen 394 
swtimmen 394 

ta 401 
tacken 400 
tagel 398 
tagge 398 
talmen 400 
tange 40 1 
tappe 402 
tappen 402 
tasche 402 
tě 399 
teche 403 
těge 406 
teke 407 
těkenen 399 
telge 404 
telt 404 
tengen 40 1 
teppen 402 
tere 405 
tergen 402 
ters 405 
tertlik 402 
těsen 400 
ticht 406 
tiden 407 



tlen 72 
tike 407 
til 407 
tin 407 
tind 404 
tinne 405 
tip 405 
titte 407 
to 403 
togel 411 
togen 411 
tom 403 
tomen 403 
tónen 28 
tote 413 
touwen 403 
tover 402 
tramě 409 
trappen 409 
tredden 408 
treden 409 
troch 410 
trošt 409 
trostlos 409 
tuder 405 
tiidern 405 
tunder 412 
turf 412 
tuté 413 
twelefwintre 4 1 3 
twernen 414 
twich 414 
twifel 414 
twil 414 

ule 436 
unden 434 
uppen 435 

ur 437 

varre 94 
vasel 94 
vedemen 95 
veet 90 
věhus 97 
vere 93 
verten 101 
vinster 420 
vist 101 
vlak 105 
vlěge 1 06 
vlegen 1 06 
vleke 106 
vlěn 104 
vlicke 107 
vlins 107 
vlintstěn 107 



594 



INDICES 



vlo 105 
vloch 108 
vlocke 108 
vlote 109 
vhindere 108 
vceted 110 
vohe 117 
volden 9 1 
volkwich 118 
vorderven 7 1 
vore 120 
vorget 133 
vorgetel 1 33 
vorsch 116 
vort 1 1 
vótspor 110 
vrak 111 
vredelós 1 1 5 
vrí 114 
vridel 114 
vrisch 115 
vul 121 
vunke 119 
vunt 1 1 8 

wacker 442 
wade 438 
waden 438 
wagen 440 
wake 442 
wale 444 
walnut 444 
walvisch 1 9 7 
wamme 445 
wápenlós 461 
wardehús 448 
ware 449 
wáre 461 
warnen 449 
wartman 448 
wase 450, 470 
wat 438 
wedden 438 
wede 464 
wedebčn 464 
wederdage 45 1 
wěger 460 
weiden 441 



wčl 199 
welk 453 
weUe 453 
wellen 444 
welsch 444 
wene 447 
wčnic 440 
werkdag 456 
werken 457 
werkman 456 
werwulf 463 
wese 44 1 
wesele 459 
west 459 
wetten 199 
weven 45 1 
widde 465 
wide 468 
wie 468 
wTgelse 465 
wTk 466 
wilen 201 
winde 455 
wínfat 467 
winhus 467 
winne 455 
wippen 462 
wfre 467 
witink 202 
widós 463 
wittich 464 
woker 469 
wolte 444 
worpel 450 
wos 470 
wrange 471 
wrank 471 
wrechten 471 
wrčde 471 
wrčdel 473 
wrimpen 472 
wringen 472 
wrist 472 
wroge 473 
wulle 474 
wunsch 475 
wiinschen 475 



Low German 



banes 35 
bank 36 
briisch 59 
budde 6 1 



dalgen 67 
diopitha 7 1 
dole 73 
dott 80 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



.395 



drangsal 424 
drónen 7 7 

eorid 83 

flag 104 
fóstarmuoder 1 

gemikilon 265 
glum 137 
gnarren 138 
gnatte 1 38 
gnetern 1 38 
grand 1 40 
grann 140 

halsmeni 156 
hummer 192 
humpe 1 93 

irhoen 166 
Tsjack 206 

kat 211 
klateren 215 
klimp 216 
klinker 216 
klunder 217 
knacke 217 

leen 174 
lone 178 
liitt 251 

min 271 
mot 273 



mulen 278 

nippen 1 80 

niickel 181 

nucken 181 

puse 294 

schake 339 
schakel 332 
schanke 334 
scheften 331 
schrákel 343 
schulpen 348 
schunk 346 
slagón 348 
slidderen 350 
snuppen 359 
stóri 379 
stackern 370 
stern 375 
stevenen 371 
swarven 391 
swogen 397 

targe 402 
tasen 402 
tikken 407 

ur 437 

wale 444 
want 447 
wappen 447 
wrote 473 



Middle Dutch 



amme 1 7 
amper 1 7 
ankel 20 
ast 26 
atel 27 

baert 36 
bequame 229 
běte 45 
betemen 404 
blaken 47 
blanden 47 
boge 6 1 
bolster 62 
brayen 5 7 
bul 62 
bullen 62 
bůsen 65 



canefbeen 209 
cavele 208 
clingen 216 
cloot 215 
cnateren 217 
cnosen 219 
coon 2 1 1 
crat 221 
cronen 221 

dabben 66 
daes 69 
deger 72 
demster 420 
dorren 417 
dra 424 
drřten 76 
drom 427 



.3% 



INDICES 



droten 425 
dutsch 422 
duun 80 
dvvale 8 1 
dwellen 8 1 
dwlnen 8 1 



hode 196 
hoesten 202 
hogede 1 66 
honichsoet 1 93 
hune 1 96 
husen 1 9 7 



ebbe 1 

ederkauwen 203 
elle 15 
eis 15 
eng 19 
enn 18 
erdbere 85 
erdnote 85 
esch 26 
evel 433 

fniesen 1 09 

gamel 125 
gate 128 
gedenke 416 
gediede 423 
gelande 235 
gelten 1 24 
gemeinen 255 
genge 125 
geswelle 394 
gevedere 1 02 
gherde 1 32 
giel 134 
gift 1 30 
giselen 1 35 
goudbant 1 45 
grapen 1 42 
grasgroene 1 40 
grau 1 42 
grepe 1 39 
grísen 1 43 
groom 1 43 
gurdel 147 

hael 156 
haessene 1 60 
haghetisse 150 
hasel 1 64 
hees 153 
hegge 150 
hemmen 158 
henxt 1 60 
herman 1 62 
hersene 170 
het 172 
hěde 167 
hiel 160 
hille 192 



ingroene 143 
innewert 84 

jaertal 206 

kalu 209 
kerven 213 
klak 215 
kleem 214 

lade 175 
lec 240 
lippe 241 
lisp 469 
littel 248 

margen 276 
melken 266 
měře 255 
moude 275 

namellke 280 
nesch 179 
nocke 181 
nodigen 282 
nose 281 
noten 282 

oncont 224 
ongedies 402 
onghehiere 171 
ontset 328 
openbaer 44 

poke 293 

queke 230 

raedloos 303 
rehdik 300 
remmen 1 84 
rieken 303 
87 



187 

189 
185 



rive 
riven 
roge 
rooc 
rot 309 
ruc 308 
ruten 3 1 
ruum 309 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



397 



sálu 3 1 6 
schemen 340 
schoppen 346 
schorten 346 
schotsch 347 
schrapen 344 
schraven 342 
schrepen 344 
schrift 344 
schrinken 344 
schůte 348 
scop 346 
seltsiene 323 
set 325 
sien 330 
silversmit 329 
sindegnxn 324 
sípěn 330 
slabben 348 
sleep 349 
slooye 352 
smerten 353 
snare 356 
sneeuwen 356 
snellen 356 
soop 320 
spaer 362 
spengen 361 
sperren 363 
spořen 367 
spot 368 
spriet 364 
stiepkind 376 
strene 381 
stroopen 381 
stugge 383 
stupen 384 
suken 388 
sweer 393 
sweger 393 

talch 400 
teet 400 
tesuwe 404 
tort 413 



turven 413 
twalefde 413 

unmildi 266 

vademen 95 
vee 89 

vergoeden 1 38 
vergouden 1 46 
vermenen 255 
verwe 93 
vetel 95 
veteren 102 
vinke 103 
vitten 1 02 
viveltere 98 
vlacken 1 05 
vlecken 106 
vloeden 107 
vloer 108 
vlot 109 
voetsel 109 
vrec 113 
vrien 114 
vriesen 113 
vroede 115 

wac 442 
wackeren 442 
waien 460 
walc 444 
walken 444 
wanden 446 
wederlijc 452 
weiven 440 
welle 444 
werchuus 456 
werp 457 
wesent 463 
wey 197 
wicht 453 
wicken 200 
wide 464 
woet 469 
wolde 445 



baden 39 
bonk 62 

dodder 78 
dooi 418 
dori 79 
dromen 75 



Dutch 

festi 95 

gijl 134 
glimmen 
glop 137 



INDICES 



haaf 172 
hoep 182 
holster 1 9 1 

knar 217 
kossem 225 
kuis 225 

laan 236 

maal 270 
machteloos 254 
miste! 271 
modder 278 
moet 274 
mot 278 
muik 278 



slodderen 352 
slooien 352 
smelt 353 
smieken 354 
snappen 356 
snoepen 358 
spalk 363 
spuiten 368 
steg 377 
stelpen 370 
stoom 376 

todde 41 1 
top 412 
toppen 4 1 2 
tornen 413 
tortwevel 413 



prangen 293 

rafel 294 
rijm 187 

schalm 333 
schooien 340 
slegge 348 



vacht 89 
voos 96 

waas 462 
wapperen 437 

zeeland 314 



Old High German 



aha 1 

abafirmeizan 256 

abalagi 244 

áband 2 

ablaz 245 

Abo 1 

abskelli 338 

abuh 2 

abwart 448 

abwert 456 

ackar 1 2 

ackarman 1 2 

ackus 1 2 

adal 27 

adra 87 

affo 21 

aftan 2 

after 2 

agana 3 

ágěal 1 33 

ágez 1 33 

aha 5 

aha 5 

ahorn 5 

ahsa 5 

ahsla 5 



ahta 20 
ahto 5 
ahtodo 5 
al 16 
5.1 87 

alamahtlg 1 2 
Alaman 1 2 
alawári 13, 16 
alb 13 
alles 1 5 
alt 13 
altar 14 
alttuom 1 3 
alunt 1 6 
ambaht 1 8 
ameiza 256 
amma 1 7 
amsla 1 7 
an 435 
ana 17, 20 
anagengi 126 
anairswárěn 396 
anakundi 224 
anaseigi 312 
anatrift 76 
anawani 461 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



599 



ander 2 1 
angar 1 9 
Angil 19 
ango 1 9 
angul 1 9 
angust 1 9 
anka 20 
ankala 20 
anko 20 
ano 20 
ansi 2 1 
anst 2 1 
ant 1 8 
antfang 92 
antfengi 92 
anthluogi 178 
antlii 469 
anto 1 8 
antwirten 456 
antwurten 475 
antwurti 475 
inu 87 
anut 21 
anutrehho 30 1 
apful 21 
araweiz 1 
arawiz 25 
arbeit 22 
arbeiton 22 
arbeitsaml 317 
arg 23 
argi 23 
arm 24 
armboug 23 
arměn 24 
armherz 24 
armherzi 24 
armherzida 24 
armillh 24 
arn 24, 31 
arnón 3 1 
aro 25 
ars 25 
art 23 
aruz 25 
asc 26 
asca 26 
asni 26 
aspa 26 
ast 26 
átar 87 
atto 27 
átum 87 
auhhan 29 
avalónti 2 
avur 2 
az 26 



az 8t> 
azkliban 216 

bachón 33 
backan 33 
bad 39 
badahus 39 
badastuba 39 
badón 39 
baen 44 
bag 44 
bágan 44 
bágěn 44 
bah 33 
bahho 33 
bal 34 
balco 34 
bald 34 
baldi 34 
balg 33 
bálo 34 
ban 36 
banc 36 
bannan 36 
bannón 36 
bant 35 
bar 38, 40 
bara 38 
barm 37 
barn 37 
bars 38 
bart 36 
barta 37 
barug 37 
bašt 38 
batii 32 
baz 38 
bčde 52 
bein 32 
beinreft 304 
bčiro 38 
bčisto 38 
beiten 32 
beiza 33 
beizen 33 
belgan 4 1 
belihha 34 
bentil 35 
běr 33 
beraht 42 
berahti 42 
beran 41 
berg 42 
bergan 42 
beri 40 
bero 43 
berren 37 



000 



INDICES 



beta 45 
betti 32 
bettigaht 1 26 
bi 44 
bia 46 
bibar 40 
bibčn 45 
biblihhan 49 
bidebben 415 
bidriozan 426 
biet 43 
bigatón 122 
bigěan 1 33 
biginnan 1 32 
bigoumida 128 
bihagon 150 
bihal 46 
bihamalon 158 
bihniutit 180 
bikranken 220 
bil 45 
biliban 247 
biluhhan 252 
bini 46 
bintan 4 1 
binuz 4 1 
bio 45 
biogan 43 
bion 45 
bior 44 
biotan 43 
biquami 229 
birca 42 
bireiten 295 
biril 42, 64 
birin 43 
birkln 42 
biruohhen 307 
biscntan 344 
bisengen 3 1 8 
biskízan 342 
bisliozan 350 
bislitan 35 1 
bismáhón 354 
bismizan 355 
biswellen 390 
biswihhil 396 
bitan 46 
bitelpan 70 
bitil 45 
bittar 45 
bitten 45 
biwaron 450 
biwelben 198 
biwellan 453 
biwemmen 445 



biwifen 467 
bizan 46 
biziht 406 
bizog 411 
bláen 49 
blaha 47 
blanc 47 
blantan 47 
blao 49 
blas 48 
blásan 49 
blast 49 
blat 46 
blatara 46 
blecken 47 
bleh 49 
bleih 47 
bleihha 47 
bleihhen 47 
blenten 47 
bliděn 49 
blrdi 49 
blint 48 
blintT 48 
blio 50 
bliuwan 48 
bloden 48 
blodi 48 
blódl 48 
bhioen 50 
bluomo 50 
bluomón 50 
bluostar 50 
bluot 50 
bhiotag 50 
bluotagón 50 
bluotenti 50 
bhiozan 51 
bhiozhůz 50 
boc 61 
bodám 6 1 
bogo 6 1 
bolla 62 
bolon 62 
bolstar 62 
bolz 62 
bona 40 
bóra 64 
borgčn 63 
borón 64 
bort 63 
borto 63 
bosi 40 
bot 60 
boto 61 
boug 39 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



601 



bougen 39 
bouhhan 39 
boum 39 
boumgart 126 
brahsmo 53 
brant 54 
brantereita 54 
brart 55 
brastón 54 
brátan 5 7 
brato 57 
bráwa 57 
brehhan 55 
breit 53 
breiten 53 
breiti 53 
brenneíriscing 54 
brennen 54 
brestan 56 
bresto 56 
brettan 55 
bringan 55 
brinna 56 
brinnan 56 
brocko 58 
brod 59 
brom 58 
bronado 58 
brort 59 
brót 54 
brugga 58 
bruhhan 60 
bruhhi 60 
brun 60 
brunna 58 
brunno 58 
brunst 58 
bruodar 5 7 
bruoh 55 
bruohháh 160 
brust 59 
brat 59 
brutigomo 59 
buen 53 
buh 64 
bulla 65 
bullón 62 
bungo 62 
buog 5 1 
buoh 52 
buohha 5 1 
buohstab 5 1 
buosum 52 
buoza 52 
buozen 52 
bur 65 



burdi 64 

burg 63 

burst 64 

buse 64 

chirno 2 1 4 

dagěn 415 
dah 415 
daha 416 
dahs 415 
dampf 68 
dan 415 
danana 416 
danc 416 
danebari 44 
danta 416 
dar 416 
darba 417 
darběn 417 
darbo 417 
darf 417 
darm 417 
darra 417 
daz 310,417 
dečka 4 1 5 
decken 4 1 5 
degan 418 
dehsala 419 
Denemarca 68 
denken 416 
dennen 416 
derb 421 
derh 421 
derren 417 
dicki 419 
diekida 419 
dickon 419 
dlhan 421 
dihsala 421 
dil 419 
dili 420 
dilla 420 
din 423 
ding 420 
dinghus 420 
dingman 420 
dingón 42 1 
dingstat 420 
dinsan 42 1 
dinstar 420 
diob 422 
dioh 423 
diohbruoh 423 
dionón 418 
dionóst 419 



602 



INDICES 



diorna 419 
diot 423 
diozan 423 
distil 419 
diu 419 
diutisc 422 
dofta 428 
doh 418 
dolčn 428 
donar 429 
donaron 429 
dorf 430 
dorn 430 
douwen 418 
draen 426 
drasen 425 
drát 427 
dregil 424 
dreskan 426 
dri 425 
dringan 426 
driscubli 426 
dritto 427 
drizo 76 
dróa 427 
drósca 425 
dróscala 425 
drózen 425 
dracken 427 
druh 427 
dram 427 
drusten 428 
dů 428 
dumo 431 
duna 80 
dunken 429 
dunnen 429 
dunni 429 
dunst 79 
dunwengi 429 
durft 429 
duris 429 
durri 430 
durst 430 
dursten 430 
duruh 421 
důsunt 43 1 
dwahal 431 
dwahan 431 
dwerah 432 
dwingan 43 1 
dwiril 432 

ěan 86 
eban 82 
ebanlrh 82 
ebanměon 268 



ebanon 1, 82 
ebur 82 
edili 27 
ediling 2 7 
edo 86 
ěen 27 
egi 3 
egida 3 
egidehsa 4 
egilen 4 
egiso 3 
ehir 4 
eht 6 
ei 11 
eid 10 
eigan 6 
eigeněn 6 
eih 7 
eihhfn 7 
eihhurno 7 
eimuria 7 
ein 9 
einboran 8 
einfalt 8 
einfaltlih 90 
einharti 8 
einhenti 8 
einlif 8 
einlifto 8 
eincragi 7 
einrati 9, 304 
einstnti 382 
einwlgi 9 
ěisca 26 
eiscón 9 
eit 6 
eitar 1 
eiz 10 
elaho 1 4 
elbiz 13 
elina 1 4 
elinbogo 1 4 
elira 1 5 
ella 15 
ellen 1 5 
ellinon 1 5 
elm 83 
elti 14 
eněr 83 
engen 20 
engi 1 9 
engida 1 9 
enkil 20 
enton 18 
er 203 
ěr 9, 11 
ěra 1 1 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



1503 



erbi 22 
erbo 22 
ercan 84 
erda 86 
erdberi 85 
erdburg 85 
erdbuwo 65 
erdfal 85 
erdhůs 85 
erdnuz 85 
erin 31 
eringrioz 133 
eii 85 
ero 86 
erpf 85 
erren 23 
erstorchenet 384 
ěrwackar 9, 442 
esil 25 
essa 26 
etar 82 
ěwida 1 1 

fadam 95 
fadamón 95 
fagarl 89 
fahan 92 
fahs 89 
fal 91 
falawisca 92 
falco 91 
fald 91 
faldan 91 
faUan 91 
falo 91 
-falt 90 
fano 92 
far 93 
far 102 
faran 93 
farawa 93 
farlos 251 
farm 93 
farn 94 
faro 93-94 
farro 94 
fasal 94 
fasta 95 
fastčn 94 
fastlih 94 
fasto 94 
fater 88 
fatureo 88 
faz 95 
fěara 102 
fčarón 1 02 
federa 102 



feginon 89 
fčh 89 
fčhen 90 
fehtan 96 
feigi 89 
feihhan 90 
fěil 95 
feizen 90 
fel 97 
felahan 97 
fellen 91 
fellín 97 
fendo 99 
fenni 92 
fera 102 
ferah 100 
fereheih 100 
ferren 93 
ferro 99 
fersana 101 
ferzan 101 
festen 95 
festi 95 
festinon 95 
fia 101 
fiant 103 
fiěn 103 
fifaltra 98 
fihu 97 
filu 98 
filuěal 86 
filz 97 
fimf 98 
finc 103 
findan 99 
fingar 99 
flon 102 
fior 96 
fiordo 96 
fiorscózi 96 
firgiften 1 30 
firina 100 
firinon 1 00 
firliosan 243 
firmaněn 259 
firmeinen 255 
firmonen 276 
firni 101 
firóden 30 
firren 99 
firsinnan 325 
firspurnan 367 
firswelgan 394 
firwerten 448 
firwesen 458 
firz 101 
fisc 103 



604 



INDICES 



fiur 121 
flada 105 
flah 105 
flahs 104 
flasca 1 05 
flec 106 
fledirón 1 05 
flěhen 104 
flehta 106 
flehtan 106 
flěi 105 
fleisc 104 
flewen 1 06 
flins 107 
flioga 106 
fliogan 106 
fliohan 107 
fliozan 107 
flocko 108 
flóh 105 
flózzen 106 
flug 108 
fluoh 108 
fluot 107 
fluz 109 
fó 96 
fogal 116 
fogalrarta 299 
foha 1 1 7 
fol 118 
folc 1 1 7 
folcurni 225 
folgčn 117 
folgida 1 1 7 
folkwig 118 
foUa 118 
follon 118 
folma 118 
folo 118 
fora 119 
foraha 120 
forahta 120 
forhana 119 
forsca 120 
frad 112 
fram 111 
framrucken 308 
framstrah 380 
frawalih 112 
freh 113 
frehhi 113 
freidi 1 1 1 
freisa 111 
fremiden 111 
fremidi 111 
fremmen 111 
frí 114 



4 



fridu 115 
friduman 115 
fnhals 114 
frihalsi 1 1 4 
friosan 113 
frisc 1 1 5 
fňten 1 1 5 
friudil 114 
friunt 114 
friunthold 
frč 112 
fror 116 
frosc 116 
frost 1 1 6 
frouwa 112 
fruohhan 116 
fruot 1 1 5 
fruoten 1 1 5 
fruotl 1 1 5 
fuhs 1 1 7 
rul 121 
fuli 1 1 7 
fullen 118 
fulli 118 
funco 1 1 9 
funs 119 
fuogen 109 
fuolen 109 
fuoren 110 
fuotar 1 09 
fuotareidi 1 
fuoten 1 09 
fuoz 110 
fuozgengil 
fuozspor 
furh 120 
furi 119 
furisto 120 
furiwarna 449 
furt 119 
fust 118 

gaa 128 
gabala 121 
gaganen 122 
galan 1 24 
galgo 1 24 
gaUa 124 
galm 125 
galt 124 
galtar 1 24 
galza 1 45 
gaman 125 
gang 125 
gangan 125 
gans 126 
ganz 126 



25 




GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



(305 



garawen 127 
garawT 127 
garawida 127 
garn 127 
gamwinta 127 
garo 127 
gart 129 
garto 127 
garuni 310 
gast 127 
gataro 121 
gatiling 122 
gatwalón 8 1 
geba 130 
geban 1 30 
gebigl 1 2 1 
gegin 122 
geil 122 
geisila 123 
geist 123 
geiz 123 
geizln 123 
gellan 131 
gelo 1 3 1 
gelpf 131 
gelstar 131 
gelt 130 
geltan 130 
gengi 125 
gěr 123 
ger 1 32 
gern 1 32 
gerni 1 32 
gěro 123 
gersta 1 32 
gescin 340 
gestre 132 
gibarón 40 
gibelgen 34 
giberaht 42 
giberan 4 1 
gibil 130 
gibilla 130 
gibiz 45 
gibor 62 
giburt 63 
gidancón 416 
gidillón 420 
gidrang 424 
gidweran 432 
giěn 1 34 
gifagan 88 
gifang 92 
gifederi 1 02 
gifčh 89 
gifehan 96 
giferti 93 



gifiskon 103 
gifleckón 1 06 
gift 130 
gifuori 110 
gigleifit 135 
gihelden 157 
gihemmen 158 
gihóhen 166 
gihugt 190 
gijazen 206 
gil 1 34 
gilang 236 
gilangón 236 
gilanto 235 
gilawen 245 
gileibo 1 74 
gilepphen 236 
gilih 248 
gilihhinón 248 
gilimpfan 240 
gilon 131 
giloub 237 
gilouben 238 
gimah 257 
gimahala 264 
gimahJih 257 
gimarki 262 
gimeinen 255 
gimeini 255 
gimeinl 255 
gimeino 255 
gimeit 254 
gimunt 275 
gináda 287 
ginah 279 
ginanno 280 
ginanto 1 34 
ginesan 284 
gingěn 1 34 
ginist 284 
ginoz 282 
ginuht 289 
ginuog 289 
ginuogen 289 
ginuogi 289 
ginuogida 289 
giozan 1 33 
gir 135 
giráti 304 
girehtsamon 317 
gireihlien 295 
gireiti 295 
girennen 297 
gin 132 
ginhhen 305 
giruno 3 1 
gisal 1 35 



606 



INDICES 



gisarawi 319 
gisazi 328 
giscaft 331 
giscuohi 342 
gisind 325 
gisindi 325 
gisiuni 323 
giskaffón 334 
giskehan 337 
giskellen 333 
gisliz 351 
gismidi 355 
gispan 362 
gispurren 367 
gistallo 370 
gistrengen 380 
gistuden 382 
gistuomi 379 
gisunt 386 
gisweifen 390 
git 134 
gitouben 69 
gitriuwi 410 
gitriuwida 410 
gitriuwo 410 
gitrog 74 
gitrost 409 
gitrosti 409 
giunnan 435 
giwagi 460 
giwahst 439 
giwaht 439 
giwalchenemo 444 
giwaltig 443 
giwanět 446 
giwar 447 
giwaralih 447 
giwennen 447 
giwera 45 1 
giwerf 457 
giweň 449 
giwiěn 463 
giwis 463 
giwissi 463 
giwiz 463 
gizami 406 
gizengi 40 1 
gizouwa 403 
glan 135 
glas 135 
glat 1 35 
gleimo 135 
glim 136 
glitan 1 36 
gliz 136 
glizan 136 
gluoen 137 



gluot 137 
gnagan 137 
gneista 1 38 
gmtan 138 
gold 145 
goldbant 145 
goldsmid 146 
gommankund 223 
gorao 146 
gor 146 
gotawebbi 145 
gotforht 1 20 
goufana 129 
gouh 128 
gouma 1 29 
goumen 128 
gouwi 1 28 
-góz 129 
grab 1 39 
graban 139 
grana 140 
grao 142 
gras 140 
gratag 1 42 
grebil 139 
greifa 139 
gremi 139 
gremión 1 40 
gremmen 140 
grennan 1 40 
grennon 140 
gnfan 1 43 
grim 141 
grimmen 141 
grimmida 141 
grlmo 143 
grlnan 1 43 
grinnen 1 40 
grint 141 
grioz 141 
griozan 1 42 
grls 1 43 
Griuzing 1 42 
groz 141 
grubilón 1 44 
grunt 1 44 
gruoba 1 43 
gruonen 1 43 
gruoni 1 43 
gruozen 1 44 
grustila 1 44 
guldin 1 46 
gundfano 1 46 
gunt 1 46 
guot 138 
guotr 138 
guotlih 138 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



1,1)7 



gurt 1 46 
gurten 147 
gurtil 147 

hiial 1 65 
haběn 147 
habuh 148 
hacka 154 
haft 149 
hag 150 
hagal 150 
hagan 149-150 
hagandorn 1 49 
hagustalt 150 
hah 160 
hilhan 1 60 
hahhul 154 
háhsina 160 
halb 154-155 
halba 155 
halbbrannan 1 54 
halb to t 1 54 
haldo n 157 
hali 172 
halla 156 
halm 156 
halon 1 56 
hals 157 
halsbein 1 56 
halson 157 
haltan 155 
hamal 1 5 7 
hamar 158 
hamf 158 
hamila 158 
hamo 158 
hamustra 158 
hanaf 159 
hangěn 1 60 
hano 161 
hant 159 
hantag 159 
hantagi 159 
hantalon 159 
hantbreita 53 
hantilla 1 59 
handam 159 
hantwerc 159 
háón 1 65 
har 172 
harm 163 
harmčn 163 
harmida 163 
harmo 163 
harpfa 163 
hart 162 
hartlih 162 



harto 1 62 
harug 1 64 
hasal 164 
hasalnuz 1 64 
hasan 1 64 
haso 1 64 
haz 1 65 
hě 172 
heffen 149 
heften 149 
hefti 149 
hegga 150 
hehara 172 
hehhit 1 54 
hei 154 
heida 154 
heidan 1 54 
heidantuom 153 
heil 151 
heila 1 5 1 
heilag 151 
heilant 1 5 1 
heilen 152 
heilida 152 
heillgón 151 
heilisón 152 
heim 152 
heima 152 
heimina 152 
heimisc 152 
heimódilis 152 
heis 153 
heisar 153 
heisti 1 5 1 
heit 151 
heitar 1 5 1 
heiz 153 
heizen 153 
helan 168 
helfa 168 
helfan 168 
helid 155 
helia 156 
helliruna 155 
helm 168 
helza 168 
hemera 1 69 
hengist 160 
henna 161 
hěr 153 
herberga 42 
herbist 161 
herbistmánod 161 
herd 170 
heri 1 63 
herifart 162 
herihorn 162 



608 



INDICES 



heri-hunda 1 94 
heriman 1 62 
herion 163 
heriskif 162 
herten 1 62 
herza 170 
herzblídl 49 
hewi 167 
hra 173 
hilt(i)a 168 
himilzungal 169, 412 
hincan 169 
hinta 169 
hintana 172 
hintar 173 
hintaron 173 
hirni 170 
hirniscala 170 
hirsi 170 
hirti 169 
hiruz 171 
hiufo 171 
hiuri 171 
hiwisci 173 
hladan 175 
hlahtar 173 
hlanca 174 
hlína 177 
hliněn 177 
hliodarsáz 176 
hliozan 176 
hliumunt 1 7 6 
hloc 173 
hloufan 175 
hluoen 177 
hlutar 178 
hlutan 179 
hluten 178 
hluz 178 
hneigen 179 
hniuwan 180, 285 
hodo 196 
hof 190 
hoh 166 
hóhr 166 
hóhida 166 
hóhlih 166 
hol 191 
hóla 166 
holco 191 
hold 192 
holdo 192 
holi 191 
holon 192 
holz 192 
holzwang 446 
honag 193 



hónen 166 
ho ni 166 
hónida 166 
hóren 167 
horn 195 
hornung 1 95 
horsc 195 
horsclihho 1 95 
hort 196 
hosa 195 
houbit 165 
houf 1 66 
houg 1 65 
houwan 167 
hrabán 182 
hrad 185 
href 185 
hregil 183 
hreinida 1 83 
hrčo 183 
hrifo 187 
hring 1 85 
hriot 186 
hris 188 
hriusu 1 86 
hroc 308 
hrogo 189 
hros 189 
hruggi 1 89 
hruoh 188 
hruoren 189 
huba 196 
huf 194 
huggen 190-191 
hugu 190 
hulden 192 
huldl 192 
hulla 191 
hullen 191 
hulsa 191 
hungar 1 94 
hungaren 1 93 
hunt 193 
huntari 193 
huoba 181 
huof 181 
huon 182 
huor 182 
huorón 1 82 
huosto 202 
huoston 202 
huot 1 65 
hurd 194 
hurnen 1 95 
hurst 1 95 
hus 196 
husbrehho 55 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



1509 



huslouh 1 96 
hussaza 328 
hut 196 
hwal 197 
hwanne 1 98 
hwar 198 
hwas 198 
hwaz 199 
hwěen 1 99 
hweión 201 
hweizi 197 
hwel 200 
hwer 199-200 
hwila 201 
hwio 199 
hwíz 201 

ibu 82, 204 
igil 203 
igo 203 
ih 83 
ihha 83 
in 83-84 
in rihti 301 
indenki 416 
ineihhan 6 
inkennen 210 
imia 84 
innan 84 
innaro 83 
innovili 433 
insániu 327 
insebben 3 1 1 
insnerahan 357 
inswebben 389 
inwart 84 
inwit 45 1 
io 10 
ir 206 
irerben 22 
irgeilěn 123 
irhelzen 157 
irhenken 160 
irlenken 175 
irlósen 239 
irlouben 238 
irminsul 85 
irqueban 226 
irren 86 
irretten 1 83 
irri 86 
irrida 86 
irskeinen 332 
irsliofan 350 
irsorěn 320 
irsturen 384 
irswai"zčn 392 



irwarmen 449 
is 204 
Isam 204 
Isarnnagal 204 
Isarnsmid 204 
ist 86 
Ital 203 
itawTz 468 
itis 72 
itlonon 82 
iz 203 

jar 206 
jármánod 206 
jehan 205 
jeněr 205 
jesan 206 
jiht 205 
joh 207 
johhalmo 168 
ju 207 
jucken 207 
jugund 207 
jung 207 
junglih 207 
jungo 208 

ka 212 
kalb 209 
kalba 209 
kallon 209 
kalo 209 
kalt 209 
kaltěn 209 
kamb 209 
kann 210 
kanna 210 
kar 212 
kari 210 
karón 211 
kěil 211 
kelh 212 
kemben 209 
kembil 212 
kepi 121 
kepic 121 
kerno 213 
kerran 213 
kli 214 
kiilon 214 
kil 214 
klnan 214 
kind 212 
kinnibein 212 
kiol 213 
kiosan 213 
kipfa 214 



610 



INDICES 



kistorchenen 375 
kiturst 79 
kiuwan 213 
klawen 2 1 5 
kláwido 2 1 5 
kleb 216 
klebčn 216 
kleim 214 
kleini 215 
klenan 216 
klěo 215 
klimbán 2 1 5 
klioban 216 
klobo 217 
klóz 215 
klubba 216 
klunga 217 
knapo 2 1 7 
knebil 217 
kncht 217 
knetan 218 
knio 218 
knobel 219 
knopf 218 
knot 218 
knussen 219 
kol 223 
kolbo 223 
kopf 224 
korn 225 
kornhus 225 
kornwist 225 
kostón 226 
kouf 211 
koufen 211 
koufman 211 
koufskif 211 
kracko 220 
kraft 220 
kranc 220 
krano 220 
kranuh 221 
kraón 222 
kratto 221 
krimman 22 1 
krimpfan 221 
krónen 22 1 
kropf 222 
kumbalboro 223 
kumft 231 
kunawid 223 
kund 224 
kunden 224 
kuning 224 
kuningrihhi 224 
kunnčn 224 
kunni 224 



kuo 219 
kuolen 219 
kuoli 219 
kuoni 219 
kuonl 219 
kus 225 
kussen 225 
kust 226 

laděn 237 
laffan 236 
laga 244 
lah 232 
lahan 232 
lahhan 234 
lahhi 244 
lahhin 244 
lahhinón 244 
lahs 232 
lai 237 
lam 234 
lamb 234 
lang 235 
langlib 235 
langlih 235 
langmuoti 235 
lant 235 
lantbůwo 235 
lantscaf 235 
lappo 231 
lastar 232 
laz 237 
lazan 244 
lazon 237 
lebara 245 
leběn 245 
lecken 240 
leckon 246 
ledar 241 
ledarhosa 241 
lěen 237 
leflur 241 
lefihefil 149 
legar 240 
leggen 231 
lčhan 232 
leib 173 
leiba 232 
leiben 232 
leid 233 
leiden 234 
leih 233 
leim 233 
leist 233 
leisten 233 
leita 232 
leitara 1 74 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



611 



leiten 232 
lemmen 234 
len 246 
lengen 236 
lengT 236 
lenten 235 
lenti 235 
lěra 233 
lčren 233 
lěrihha 234 
lesan 241 
letto 231 
lib 247 
libá 177 
liban 177 
líben 177 
lTblih 247 
lid 246 
lid 249 
lTdan 248 
lidelós 246 
liduscart 335 
liggen 240 
lih 247 
lihan 247 
lihhamo 247 
lihhen 248 
lThhěn 248 
lihhon 248 
lihten 241 
lihti 240 
lihtlih 240 
lim 248 
lina 248 
linbruoh 57 
lindi 241 
lindwurm 241 
lingan 240 
linta 240 
liob 241 
liod 243 
liogan 242 
liohhan 252 
liohsan 242 
lioht 242 
liohtsam 317 
liotan 242 
lirněn 247 
lisp 469 
list 246 
lista 248 
lita 177 
liublih 241 
liudon 243 
liuhten 243 
liut 242 
liz 246 



lob 249 
lobagerni 249 
lobón 249 
loc 250 
lockón 250 
lodo 252 
lóh 238 
loh 250 
lohěen 250 
Ion 239 
los 239 
losi 239 
loub 237 
louf 175 
loug 238 
louga 238 
lougan 238 
lougnen 238 
louh 239 
luba 249 
lubbi 249 
lucka 250 
luft 249 
lugi 250 
lugina 250 
luhs 250 
lui 251 
luil 248 
lunda 251 
lunga 251 
lungar 251 
lungun 251 
luog 249 
luogěn 249 
lůs 252 
lust 251 
luston 25 1 
lustsam 251 
lut 178 

mado 264 
mag 252 
mag 269 
magad 253 
magar 253 
magaren 253 
magari 253 
mago 253, 269 
maguzogo 253 
mah 257 
mahal 263 
mahalen 263 
mahhón 257 
maht 254 
mahtig 254 
mal 270 
malaha 257 



612 



INDICES 



malan 257 
milion 270 
maltar 257 
malz 258 
man 260 
manag 259 
managfalt 259 
managfaltón 9 1 
managl 259 
manalihho 260 
mankunni 260 
mano 270 
manód 270 
mara 262 
marahscalc 261 
marahstal 261 
marc 262 
marca 262 
marcon 262 
marg 264 
man 262 
maň 270 
márida 270 
maro 262 
masar 263 
masca 262 
mast 263 
matra 252 
maz 263 
maz 271 
mčan 268 
megin 253 
meil 254 
mein 255 
meineid 255 
meinen 255 
meinfol 255 
meinlih 255 
meisa 255-256 
meist 256 
meizan 256 
meizil 256 
mele 267 
melcan 266 
melda 258, 266 
melm 267 
melo 267 
menni 260 
mennisc 260 
měr 257 
merc 262 
měřen 270 
meri 261 
merilia 261 
meriswfn 261 
merken 262 
měro 257 



merren 262 
metamo 265 
metu 265 
metuwurz 265 
mez 268 
mldan 273 
mieta 272 
mih 83 
mihhil 265 
mihhili 265 
mihhillih 265 
mihhilon 265 
militou 266 
milsca 266 
mil ti 266 
milti 266 
miltida 266 
miluh 267 
milzi 267 
min 271 
min 83, 273 
mindil 268 
mios 269 
mir 83 
misken 272 
mislih 272 
missen 272 
missi 272 
missitát 272 
mist 271 
mistil 271 
mit 268 
mitiganga 126 
mitti 264 
mittigarni 127 
mittiltag 265 
míza 273 
molta 275 
moraha 277 
mord 277 
morgan 276 
morgangeba 276 
morněn 277 
mos 277 
mugga 275 
mula 278 
mullen 275 
multen 275 
mund 276 
munt 275 
muntar 276 
muntn 276 
muodar 274 
muoděn 274 
muodi 274 
muodi 274 
muoen 274 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



613 



muor 274 
muos 274 
muot 273 
muoter 273 
muotigí 273 
muoz 274 
murden 277 
murdiren 277 
murdreo 277 
murgfári 276 
muruwi 277 
mus 278 
musdrec 425 
mutilón 275 
muwerfo 278 

naa 282 
naba 279 
nabalo 279 
nac 179 
nackot 280 
nadala 287 
nagal 279 
nah 286 
nahen 286 
náhgengo 126 
nahho 280 
nahlihho 286 
naht 279 
nahtfogal 279 
nahtwahha 442 
náien 286 
namaffliho 280 
námi 286 
namo 280 
napf 1 79 
narwa 281 
nasa 281 
natara 286 
naz 281 
nebul 283 
něen 282 
negilen 279 
něi 282 
neihhen 179 
nčila 281 
nein 283 
neizen 179, 280 
neman 284 
nemnen 280 
nemnida 280 
nenden 281 
nerien 281 
nést 287 
nevo 283 
ni 283 
nibu 283 



rud 289 
nidana 287 
nidar 289 
nidari 289 
nidaro 289 
niden 289 
nift 283 
nlgan 180 
nihhus 287 
nioro 285 
niosan 1 80 
niozan 285 
niun 285 
niunto 285 
niusen 284 
niuwen 284 
niuwi 284 
niuwon 285 
niuwunga 285 
niz 180 
noh 289 
nord 289 
nordana 289 
not 282 
notdurft 282 
nóten 283 
nótnumeo 289 
nóz 282 
nu 289 
nui 290 
nuisam 290 
numft 289 
nuoen 1 8 1 
nuón 290 
nuz 181, 290 

oba 432 
obaro 432 
obarón 432 
obasa 433 
oben 432 
ódi 30 
offan 435 
offanón 435 
oh 11 
ohso 433 
óra 30 
orrehano 436 
ort 436 
ortwas 436 
ostana 30 
otag 28 
ottar 436 
ouga 29 
ougatora 28 
ougen 28 
ougenen 28 



614 



INDICES 



ouh 29 
ouhhón 29 
ouwa 4 
ouwi 3 1 
ouwiti 3 1 
ován 433 

pfad 291 
pfál 292 
pfanna 291 
pfant 291 
pfeit 291 
pfenning 291 
pflfa 292 
pfin 291 
pBegan 292 
pfliht 292 
pfiihta 292 
pfluog 292 
pfoso 293 
pfua 294 
pfuol 292 
purren 64 
quát 229 
quec 230 
quecka 230 
quedan 229 
quelan 227 
quellan 227 
quellen 227 
queman 227 
quena 228 
quenaman 228 
querca 228 
quetten 226 
quicken 230 
quiltiwerc 227 
quirn 228 
quirnstein 228 
quist 229 
quiti 227, 230 

rabo 1 83 
rad 298 
raha 294 
rahha 296 
ráhha 472 
rahhinza 296 
ram 1 84 
rám 304 
ráma 297 
rarit 297 
řásen 304 
rasta 298 
rát 304 
rátán 303 
rátgebo 303 



rávo 304 
ráwa 307 
ráza 187 
reckegerna 471 
recken 296 
reda 298 
redan 186 
redon 298 
ref 186 
refsen 294 
regan 300 
reganbogo 300 
reganwurm 300 
Reginfrid 294 
rěhboc 295 
rehhan 471 
rěho 295 
řeht 301 
rehti 301 
rehdih 300 
rehtunga 301 
reid 47 1 
reiden 471 
reif 296 
reigaro 183 
rein 296 
reinen 183 
reinherzi 1 83 
reini 183 
reinT 183 
reinison 183 
reino 470 
reisa 296 
reita 295 
reiz 471 
reizen 296, 471 
rěren 296 
reski 471 
ribbi 300 
ridan 473 
ridil 473 
rif 306 
riga 295 
rihhi 305 
rihten 301 
rihtuom 305 
rinc 302 
ringa 1 86 
ringan 472 
ringi 302 
rinna 302 
rinnan 302 
rinta 302 
riob 186 
riohhan 303 
riomo 303 
riozan 303 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



615 



nsan 306 
riso 472 
ritan 305 
ritera 187 
riuten 302 
riuwan 186 
riz 473 
říza 473 
rlzan 306, 473 
roc 308 
rod 307 
rodón 309 
roffěen 308 
roggo 308 
ropfón 309 
rór 299 
rošt 309 
rot 299 

rotbrunpfellfn 298 
rotčn 307 
roto 299 
rotili 298 
roubon 298 
roufen 298 
rouh 299 
rouhhen 299 
rotím 303 
róz 299 
nic 308 
rudo 190 
ruf 189 
ruh 309 
rulu 309 
rum 309 
ramen 309 
rumi 309 
Růmliuti 309 
run 308 
runa 310 
runs 308 
runstab 3 1 
ruoba 306-307 
ruodar 307 
ruof 188 
ruofan 188 
ruofen 1 88 
ruog 473 
ruogen 473 
riioíi 307 
ruota 306 
ruowa 307 
rusá 3 1 
ruzan 1 86 
ruzen 310 

sac 3 1 5 
saf 319 



sága 311 
sagěn 311 
sahha 315 
sahhan 314 
sahs 3 1 2 
Sahso 312 
sal 315 
salaha 315 
šalba 315 
salbón 315 
sále 3 1 6 
salida 327 
sálo 3 1 6 
salz 316 
salzan 316 
salzfaz 316 
salzón 316 
salzstein 316 
samalih 317 
šaman 317 
samanón 317 
samant 317 
samanunga 317 
samawist 317 
samfti 318 
samiheil 328 
samo 317 
samo 328 
sandón 319 
sang 318 
sant 318 
saro 3 1 9 
sat 310 
sattil 3 1 1 
sattilbogo 3 1 1 
scaba 331 
scado 336 
scadón 336 
scaf 340 
scaffo 334 
scaft 331 
scaften 331 
scal 332^333 
scala 333 
scala 339 
scalc 332 
scam 333 
scama 333 
scamalós 333 
scaměn 333 
scanc 334 
scanta 334 
scara 335 
scara 340 
scarbo 334 
scaro 335 
scato 331 



616 



INDICES 



scaz 336 
scazpfung 293 
scefti 331 
sceidan 331 
scerran 339 
schaehe 339 
scif 340 
sciffart 340 
scifman 340 
sciltburg 337 
scimo 341 
scina 340 
scioz 339 
scira 342 
scit 341 
scollo 345 
scóni 337 
scóm 337 
scoon 347 
scopf 346 
scora 346 
scorf 346 
scoub 336 
scouwon 337 
scoz 346 
scraz 344 
screiten 343 
scrift 344 
scrit 344 
scrót 344 
scrótan 344 
scuft 345 
sculd 345 
sculdón 345 
scult 345 
scultra 345 
scum 345 
scunten 345 
scuoba 342 
scuoh 342 
scuohen 342 
scur 347 
scurz 346 
scutten 345 
scuvala 347 
scuwo 347 
scuz 347 
sě 312, 314 
sčal 326 
sečka 315 
sedal 326 
sěen 319 
segal 322 
sehan 323 
sehs 322 
sehsto 322 
seid 312 



seifa 313 
seih 330 
seil 313 
seim 313 
selah 323 
selb 323 
selbselbo 323 
selida 315 
sellen 316 
seltan 323 
seltsáni 323 
senawa 329 
senken 318 
senten 3 1 8 
sěola 314 
sěolant 314 
sěr 313 
sěren 3 1 3 
sěrhalzi 157 
sěrlíh 313 
sertan 325 
sez 325 
sib 328 
sibba 320 
sibbi 320 
sibbón 321 
sibun 321 
sibunto 321 
sTd 330 
sien 325 
sTgan 329 
siginomo 289 
sigu 322 
sih 323 
siha 330 
sihan 330 
silabar 328 
silabarsmid 329 
silbenn 329 
silo 328 
sin 330 
sinawerbal 200 
sinawerf 200 
sind 325 
sindón 325 
singan 324 
singruoni 324 
sinkan 325 
sint 458 
sintar 324 
siodan 326 
sioh 326 
siohtuom 326 
síta 329 
sitig 321 
sitón 321 
šitu 321 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



617 



situlos 321 
situsam 32 1 
siu 329 
siuhhí 326 
siuwen 329 
skaban 330 
skadal 336 
skarpf 335 
skeida 332 
skelah 338 
skellan 338 
skemmen 333 
skenken 334 
skepfen 334 
skeran 338 
skerien 335 
skerten 335 
skiba 341 
skilihen 338 
skilling 338 
skilt ^337 
sklnan 341 
skioban 339 
skiozan 339 
skiri 341 
skiteri 340 
skokka 346 
školo 345 
skriban 344 
skuo 347 
šlachta 348 
slaf 350 
slafan 350 
slag 348 
slagón 348 
slah 349 
slahan 348 
slangen 349 
sleffar 351 
slěha 349 
sleht 350 
sleif 349 
sleo 349 
slěwón 349 
slifan 351 
slihhan 351 
slihten 351 
slim 351 
slimb 35 1 
slingan 350 
slintán 349 
slio 352 
slito 350 
sllzan 35 1 
sloufen 349 
slož 352 
slunt 352 



smac 353 
smáli 354 
smál 353 
smalasát 327 
smalz 353 
smeckar 354 
smelzan 353 
směr 353 
smerzan 353 
smid 354 
smida 355 
smidón 355 
smieron 353 
smirwen 354 
smitta 355 
smoccho 355 
snagga 356 
snahhan 356 
snaraha 356 
snazo 357 
sneggo 357 
snegil 357 
sneiten 355 
snel 357 
snelli 357 
snčo 355 
snepfa 358 
snerfan 357 
smdan 358 
sniumen 358 
sniumi 357 
sniwit 358 
snottar 359 
snuor 359 
snura 359 
snuz 359 
snuzen 360 
so 397 
sod 388 
soffon 388 
sol 385 
sorga 388 
sorgěn 388 
sou 320 
sotif 320 
sotigen 320 
sotim 320 
spáhi 364 
spáhi 364 
spaltan 36 1 
spán 364 
spanan 361 
spanga 36 1 
spanna 362 
spannan 362 
spanunga 362 
spař 362 



618 



INDICES 



sparallhho 362 
sparěn 362 
spáro 363 
sparro 363 
spáti 364 
spec 365 
špeh 365 
špeha 363 
spehón 363 
speht 365 
speihha 361 
speihhaltra 361 
spěl 363 
spelza 97 
spennen 362 
sper 364 
spilden 364 
spinnan 364 
spinnila 364 
spioz 364 
splwa 365 
spřwan 365 
spiz 365 
spor 367 
spornon 367 
sporo 368 
spot 368 
spottón 368 
spráalón 366 
spratalon 366 
sprehhan 366 
spreiten 366 
sprengen 366 
sprenzen 366 
springan 366 
spritan 367 
spriuzen 366 
spróo 367 
sprung 367 
spuola 366 
spurihunt 367 
spurnen 367 
spurt 367 
stab 368 
stabón 368 
stacl 372 
staclal 373 
stahal 369 
stal 370 
stam 370-371 
stamměn 371 
stampf 371 
stampfón 371 
stan 377 
stane 371 
stanga 371 
stantan 371 



stapf 371 
stapfal 372 
starablint 372 
starc 372 
starěn 372 
staro 372 
stát 369 
stata 369 
steg 377 
stega 377 
stegereif 377 
stehhal 378 
stehhan 373 
stehho 374 
stehhón 374 
steiga 369 
stein 369 
steinag 369 
steinbózil 40 
steinmeizo 256 
steinón 370 
steinovan 369 
stelan 374 
stelza 374 
stemmen 371 
sterban 375 
sterbo 375 
sterno 375 
stero 376 
sterro 375 
sterz 376 
stetig 368 
stlg 378 
stiga 377 
stigan 378 
stih 378 
stil 378 
stillen 374 
stilli 374 
stimna 373 
stingen 374 
stinkan 375 
stioban 376 
stioffater 376 
stiofkind 376 
stiofmtiotar 376 
stiofsun 376 
stioftohter 376 
stior 377 
stiura 377 
stiurren 377 
stoč 383 
storah 384 
storrěn 384 
stouf 373 
stouwen 379 
stóz 373 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



619 



stozan 373 
stózón 373 
strach 380 
stmi 381 
strang 380 
strecken 380 
strengllh 380 
střeno 381 
strewen 381 
střih 381 
stnhhan 382 
střít 381 
strítan 382 
střou 38 1 
stroufen 381 
stroum 380 
stuba 382 
stubbi 382 
stucki 383 
stuhha 384 
stunta 383 
stuol 379 
stuolsěo 326 
stuorren 379 
stuot 379 
stuotros 379 
sturi 385 
sturm 384 
sturmen 384 
sturo 384 
su 389 
sufan 389 
sufil 385 
sugan 388 
suht 385 
sul 389 
sulih 390 
sulza 385 
sum 385 
sumář 386 
sumpf 398 
sundaná 387 
sundóstróni 30 
sundroni 387 
sunna 387 
sunta 386 
suntar 386 
suntaron 387 
sunu 388 
suohhen 360 
suohní 360 
suona 360 
suozi 398 
suozi 398 
sur 389 
súrougi 29, 389 
swáger 396 



swalawa 390 
swam 391 
swan 391 
swanur 387 
swár 396 
swárí 396 
swárida 396 
swarm 391 
swarz 392 
swás 396 
swáslíh 396 
swebal 392 
swegala 393 
swegalon 393 
swehur 393 
sweif 390 
sweifan 390 
swein 390 
sweiz 390 
sweizen 390 
swellan 394 
swelli 394 
swelzan 394 
swenken 39 1 
swerban 395 
swerren 391 
swert 395 
swester 395 
swíen 396 
swigar 393 
swlh 396 
swlhhan 397 
swimman 394 
swln 397 
swlnan 397 
swingan 394 
swlnhirte 397 
swinón 396 

Sen 72 
tag 66 
tagawerk 66 
tagěn 66 
tahá 72 
taht 423 
tal 67 
tanna 68 
tapfar 68 
tar 68 
tart 68 
tat 72 
teig 66 
te.il 67 
teilen 67 
teilida 67 
tenar 70 
tenni 70 



620 



INDICES 



thanatrib 76 
tharót 416 
tila 70 
tmi 70 
tiof 71 
tior 7 1 
tiufi 71 
tiuri 7 1 
tiurida 7 1 
tiurlih 7 1 
tocka 78 
tód 70 
tohter 78 
tol 81 
tolg 78 
tor 79 
torwarto 79 
tót 69 
totoro 78 
tou 70 
toub 69 
toufen 69 
toug 69 
traga 74 
tragan 74 
tranc 74 
trata 409 
treffan 75 
tregil 74 
třen 76 
tretan 409 
tretten 408 
trlban 
trincan 
triofan 
triogan 75 
triuwa 410 
trog 410 
tropfo 7 7 
trór 75 
tróren 75 
trošt 409 
trosten 409 
trostlih 409 
trostlos 409 
troufen 75 
troum 75 
troumen 75 
truěn 411 
trugil 410 
truht 7 7 
truhtin 7 7 
trunc 7 7 
truncani 7 7 
trunkančn 7 7 
truoben 7 7 
truobi 7 7 



76 
75 
76 



trut 78 
truwa 411 
tuba 80 
tugund 78 
tuíd 79 
tumb 79 
tumbón 412 
tunga 79 
tuola 73 
tuom 73 
tuomen 73 
tuomstuol 7 3 
tuon 7 3 
tuři 79 
tusin 80 
twál 81 
twalm 8 1 
twelan 8 1 
twellen 81 
twerg 8 1 

ubargrif 1 42 
ubargulden 1 46 
ubarlit 177 
ubarmaganón 253 
ubarwehan 465 
ubil 433 
uf 435 
ufen 435 
uhta 435 
umbi 434 
unbiruoh 307 
unda 435 
ungifuora 110 
ungihab 147 
unhiurlih 171 
unholda 192 
unkund 224 
unmazi 271 
unsěr 435 
unsih 460 
unt 434 
untana 434 
untar 434 
untardiuten 422 
untarn 434 
unterburgen 63 
unti 434 
untorn 434 
unwági 460 
unzi 434 
uoben 290 
uodil 290 
uohaldi 157 
uppa 435 
ur 436 
urdrioz 426 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



621 



urhab 147 
urla 3 231 
uro 437 
urrist 304 
urspring 366 
ustar 436 
uvo 436 
uwila 436 
uz 437 
uzan 437 
uze 437 
uzgiswiman 397 
uztribo 76 

wáar 45 1 
wadil 45 1 
wado 45 1 
wáen 461 
wafan 46 1 
wág 460 
waga 439 
wága 460 
wagan 439 
waganleisa 233 
waganso 438 
wagón 439 
wahhal 442 
wahhčn 442 
wahs 439 
wahsan 439 
wahsen 439 
wahsprahhi 367 
wahst 439 
wahta 440 
wal 443 
wala 442 
walagón 443 
walahisc 444 
walbo 198 
wald 445 
walfisc 197 
walhhabuh 443 
waltan 443 
walza 444 
walzan 454 
wambo 445 
wan 446 
wan 46 1 
wanaheil 445 
wanast 447 
wancón 447 
wandel 446 
wánen 46 1 
wanga 447 
wánida 46 1 
wanón 447 
wantónti 446 



wár 461 
wara 450 
wára 46 1 
warba 198 
warbon 198 
warf 450 
warg 448 
wári 46 1 
warm 449 
warnon 449 
warspello 363 
wart 448 
warta 448 
wartěn 448 
warthus 448 
wartman 448 
warza 450 
wascan 450 
wassl 198 
wat 438 
wat 460 
wata 438 
watan 438 
wáten 460 
wazan 201 
wč 440 
weban 45 1 
webbi 437 
wecken 442 
wedar 199 
wefsa 438 
weg 452 
wegalos 452 
wegan 452 
weganest 284, 452 
weggen 438 
weggi 439 
wchha 462 
wehsal 462 
wehsalón 462 
weibón 465 
weida 44 1 
weidón 441 
weih 440 
weihhen 440 
weinón 440 
weiz 44 1 
weizen 441 
welc 453 
welf 200 
weUa 453 
wellan 453 
wellen 444 
weizen 444 
wěnag 440 
wenten 446 
wentilsěo 446 



622 



INDICES 



wer 449, 463 
werah 456 
weralt 462 
weraltfloum 1 06 
werban 200 
werben 1 98 
werchůs 456 
wercon 457 
werd 457-458 
werdan 457 
werdlih 457 
werdón 458 
werfan 457 
werien 449-450 
wermuota 449 
wertisala 456 
wesan 458, 467 
wesaněn 463 
westar 459 
westróni 459 
wetan 45 1 
wetar 452 
wetti 438 
wěwa 44 1 
wib 464 
wibil 45 1 
wid 464 
wida 468 
widar 459, 464 
widarbellan 41 
widarfluohhan 1 08 
widarsahho 315 
widarwert 464 
wíglíh 465 
wigman 465 
wih 466 
wihen 465 
wihhan 466 
wihida 466 
wíi 464 
wildi 454 
wildtior 454 
wflen 201 
willo 453 
wimpal 454 
win 467 
wmberi 466 
winfaz 467 
wmgarto 467 
wmhus 467 
wini 455 
winistar 455 
winken 455 
winna 455 
winnan 455 
winne 455 
wint 454 



winta 455 
wintan 454 
wintar 455 
winting 455 
winton 456 
wintruncan 466 
wintruncan 7 7 
wio 468 
wipfón 462 
wir 460 
wirbil 200 
wirden 458 
wirdida 458 
wirsiro 457 
wirsisto 457 
wirt 456 
wirz 457 
wis 467 
wisa 44 1 
wisa 468 
wisant 463 
wisen 468 
wisl 468 
wislih 467 
wiso 468 
wisón 468 
wist 459 
wistuom 467 
wisula 459 
wit 465 
witen 465 
wito 465 
witta 464 
witu 462 
wituwa 462 
wizag 468 
wizago 468 
wizagón 468 
wizan 468 
wizen 202 
wizT 202 
wizi 468 
wola 454 
wolatat 453 
wolcan 474 
wolf 473 
wolla 474 
woněn 475 
worb 476 
wort 475 
wreh 472 
wulpa 474 
wunna 475 
wunsc 475 
wunsken 475 
wunt 474 
wunta 474 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



623 



wuntar 474 
wuntarsiun 474 
wuntón 474 
wuodi 470 
wuof 470 
wuofan 470 
wuofen 470 
wuohhar 469 
wuorag 470 
wuosti 470 
wuot 469 
Wuotan 469 
wuoten 469 
wuoti 469 
wurfil 450 
wurgen 476 
wurken 476 
wurm 476 
wurt 475 
wurz 476 

zagal 398 
zah 401 
zahar 399 
zal 400 
žala 401 
žala 406 
zalon 400 
zam 401 
zand 401 
zandlós 401 
zanga 401 
zantero 401 
zapfo 402 
zarga 402 
zart 402 
žata 398 
zebar 406 
zěha 399 
zehan 404 
zehanto 403 
zehha 403 
zehho 407 
zeihhan 399 
zeihhanen 399 
zeihhur 399 
zein 399 
zeina 399 
zeisan 400 
zeiz 400 
zeizo 400 
zelga 404 



zellen 400 

zelt 404 

zeman 404 

zemmen 40 1 

zeran 405 

zers 405 

zesawa 404 

zeso 404 

zetten 398 

zi 408 

ziga 406 

zihan 407 

zil 407 

zimbar 404 

zimbaro 404 

zimbaron 404 

zin 407 

zinna 405 

zint 404 

ziohan 405 

ziotar 405 

zisamanegiwalbón 1 98 

zit 407 

zittarón 407 

zi-weiben 440 

zogon 411 

zóha 403 

zopf 412 

zoraht 413 

zotto 411 

zoubar 402 

zoum 403 

zouwa 406 

zowen 403 

-zug 403 

zugil 411 

zuht 411 

zun 413 

zunga 412 

zuntara 412 

zunten 40 1 

zuo 408 

zweho 414 

zwei 415 

zwelif 413 

zwelifto 413 

zwěne 415 

zwifal 414 

zwíg 414 

zwirněn 414 

zwiror 414 

zwo 415 



624 



INDICES 



abe 2 

alwalte 13, 443 
alwaltende 1 6 
anduht 429 
anke 20 
ansboum 20 
antsaeze 328 
apfalter 2 1 

balden 34 
baně 36 
bar 36-37 
behac 150 
behuof 181 
beizel 33 
bellen 41 
bendě 35 
benden 35 
benuomen 289 
beschelken 333 
beschnotten 358 
bicken 4 1 
biel 46 
bil 46 
bilwiz 45 
bismien 354 
blaqjen 49 
bliuc 48 
bloz 48 
bluost 50 
bole 62 
boten 6 1 
bózen 40 
brach 53 
bržejen 57 
braken 54 
brant 54 
brehen 55 
briezen 56 
brimmen 55 
briuwen 56 
brusen 60 
brutlouft 59 
buchen 39 
biicken 61 
bulge 62 
btillen 62 
buobe 5 1 
buode 52, 65 
butze 64 

dehsan 419 
děfte 422 
dimpfen 68 
diuten 422 



Middle High German 

dichte 421 
dlen 72 
dosen 418 
dram 424 
drengen 424 
droz 425 
duht 78 
duz 431 

ecke 3 
eckestein 3 
einnehte 9 
eitstap 1 
elten 14 
end 18 
endelos 1 8 
ensten 2 1 
erleswen 237 
erwergen 456 

far 94 
faeren 102 
fram 111 

gabe 1 33 
gcebe 1 33 
gaffen 126 
gagen 122 
galle 124 
gampf 125 
gan 133 
garst 127 
gastgebe 1 2 7 
gebeize 33 
gebette 32 
gel 131 
geleichen 232 
gelpfen 1 3 1 
gengen 126 
genou 179 
gerat 298 
geschaf 334 
gest 206 
getelle 79 
geviiere 1 20 
gewalt 443 
gewerke 45 7 
gewiirke 476 
geziune 413 
giergen 23 
giwagen 440 
glan 135 
glast 135 
glau 1 36 
glifen 1 36 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



625 



gllmen 1 36 
glitzern 1 36 
gluren 137 
gotevorhtec 1 44 
grápen 142 
grasegriiene 140 
grien 141 
grif 142 
grit 142 
grTt 143 
grob 1 44 
giieten 138 
guome 1 39 

hab 147 
habene 147 
haft 149 
hahse 1 50 
hamal 1 5 7 
hamel 158 
hamme 158 
handelós 159 
hatele 1 48 
hebec 148 
hebede 148 
heimen 152 
heinen 150 
hel 155-156 
helfelós 168 
hellewize 156 
helse 157 
herschflt 162 
herwec 1 62 
heswe 1 64 
hetzen 165 
honecsiieze 193 
hornboge 1 95 
houbetlós 148 
hover 1 90 
huchen 196 
hundert 1 93 
hupfen 1 94 
husen 197 
huslós 1 96 

ingriiene 143 
Iskalt 204 

jan 206 
jánen 126 
jiuch 206 
jouchen 206 
jungeling 207 

karsch 211 
kennunge 210 
kerben 2 1 3 



kiben 214 
kichen 214 
kirre 229 
kiver 212 
klammer 2 1 5 
klapf 215 
kleinot 28 
klemberen 215 
klotz 217 
knoche 218 
knochen 218 
knotze 219 
kniillen 219 
kníitzen 219 
knuz 219 
kobe 222 
krinc 221 
kroten 222 
krouwel 222 
kule 226 
kunde 223 
kiinten 224 
kuose 225 
kuren 226 

lade 175 
laege 244 
keře 236 
lancrasche 235 
lantschult 235 
lantsite 235 
leise 233 
lemede 234 
lenken 175 
lrbelós 247 
lidec 246 
lint 241 
lohe 250 
lot 238 
lote 238 
loube 238 
lůften 249 

machtlós 254 
mál 270 
malzen 258 
mannen 260 
mart 261 
mat 271 
máwen 257 
meidem 256 
meisch 256 
menz 259 
misse 272 
mitte 264 
mitteln 265 
moder 278 



G2G 



INDICES 



muhen 278 
multe 275 
miindel 275 
muoz 274 
muoze 274 

negen 1 38 
nesten 284 
nótec 282 
notegen 282 

ost 30 
oseň 30 

pOock 292 
pfluoc 292 
pfnůsen 109 
phifen 292 
phrengen 293 

quast 227 

raen 1 84 
rampf 1 84 
rátlós 303 
reben 300 
rechen 301 
regen 300 
rif 306 
rihan 305 
roezen 299 
rot 307 
ruch 308 
rugelen 308 
rump 308 
ruzen 1 86 

sagen 311 
scharren 336 
schart 335 
scharz 335 
schelch 338 
scher 335 
scherpfen 335 
scherzen 335 
schilten 337 
schimmen 340 
schluchen 352 
schopf 346 
schozwort 346 
schóte 336 
schóz 337 
schraffen 344 
schramme 344 
schreit 343 
schreiten 343 



schrimpf 344 
schrimpfen 344 
schulen 339 
schuofe 342 
schuor 342 
schur 347 
scint 338 
scóze 337 
seilen 312 
seine 313 
selken 324 
senen 329 
seten 3 1 1 
sigelen 322 
siule 329 
sifen 330 
slampen 349 
slanc 349 
sleize 349 
slich 35 1 
slotem 352 
slóz 349 
slumen 352 
slur 352 
smalnoz 353 
smeizen 352 
smelha 353 
smelhe 353 
smirle 354 
smiugen 354 
smollen 355 
smougen 353 
sňal 356 
snappen 356 
sneise 356 
sneisen 356 
snellen 356 
sněwiz 355 
snittel 358 
sncede 357 
snouwen 357 
snuderen 359 
snupfe 359 
soppe 388 
sót 320 
spellen 363 
spěn 362 
spengen 36 1 
spennen 362 
spil 365 
splr 365 
splTzen 365 
sporte 367 
spreckel 366 
sprinzen 366 
spůtzen 368 



GERMANIC LANGUAGES 



627 



stache 370 
stahelen 369 
starren 372 
stsctdós 369 
steinhus 369 
sterre 372 
sterzen 372 
stiurman 376 
stif 378 
stim 378 
strife 382 
stroe 427 
stroen 382 
strumpf 382 
strunc 382 
struz 382 
studel 382 
stunz 383 
suc 385 
siieme 360 
siiemen 360 
sumeren 386 
sumerlanc 386 
sumertac 386 
sumerzit 386 
suf 389 
suté 388 
swade 392 
swanc 39 1 
swart 391 
sweibeln 389 
sweim 389 
sweimen 390 
swertveel 395 
swifte 396 
swinde 395 
swint 394 

tagelanc 66 
tam 67 
tappe 66 
teic 67 
teile 67 
telken 78 
teUe 67 
tengen 68 
touwen 70 
totbant 69 
trabe 408 
trenken 74 
tříbe 76 
troU 410 
triillen 411 
trumpfen 411 
tufede 71 
tuft 78 



tunc 79 
tiirre 80 

umbeswif 396 
umbeweif 440 
unsivel 32 1 
uober 290 
uover 290 
usele 436 

vadě 96 
vcerlic 1 02 
veiz 90 
veize 90 
verderben 7 1 
vere 93 
vergiseln 135 
veriust 251 
verne 100 
vert 101 
vertemmen 68 
verwepfen 1 98 
verworht 476 
vile 103 
visen 1 04 
vist 101 
vladern 1 05 
vltieten 107 
vluor 108 
vort 121 
vridelós 115 
vriden 115 
vrien 114 
vunt 1 1 8 
vut 116 

waberen 437 
walm 444 
waltschreckel 343 
weideman 44 1 
wellen 444 
wercman 456 
werktac 456 
wernagel 449 
werwolf 463 
wesel 458 
wester 459 
wětat 440 
weterleich 452 
wetertac 45 1 
wetten 438 
wift 452 
wige 465 
wirs 457 
witeren 452 
witsweif 390 



628 



INDICES 



wordwls 475 
worten 475 
wurht 476 
wurmgarte 476 

zar 402 
zaspen 402 
zách 406 
zepfen 402 
zic 406 



zicken 407 
zipf 405 
zipfen 406 
zitze 407 
zorn 413 
zwir 414 
zwirn 414 
zwiselen 414 
zwist 414 
zwTvelón 414 



German 



Banse 35 
befiedern 102 
bestátigen 368 
Blei(h)e 50 
blutrot 50 
Bucht 61 
Biigel 61 
bunken 62 

erdfest 85 

Finne 103 

Gellinghanf 124 
gelzen 1 24 
gnáttern 137 

kerne 213 
kippen 2 1 4 
Kleck 215 
Knack 217 
knacken 217 
knattern 2 1 7 
Kodér 222 
Kriipel 222 



lehne 1 74 
listig 246 
murren 277 

quaken 227 

Sandkorn 318 
ScheUfisch 332 
schimmern 340 
schlittern 350 
Seemann 314 
spade 361 
Stiege 378 
stier 378 
stieren 379 

tappen 66 

wabelen 437 
wágen 191 

zergen 402 
zupfen 4 1 2 



gisil 135 
lagi 231 



Langobardian 



waregang 46 1 
wintingas 455 

záwa 406 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



Hittite 



an(aš)ša 1 7 
anda 83 
anna- 20 
ark- 23 
arman- 24 
arnu- 302 
ašš- 435 
ašuwant- 386 

dai- 73 
dalugai- 236 
daluki- 41 1 
dankui- 68 

e-id-mi 86 
eka- 206 
ěšzi 86 

gagastiia- 1 64 
genu- " 218 



kattu- 165 
kir- 170 
kuen- 1 46 
kunk- 190 
kuttar 222 
kuwatta(n) 1 99 

la-a-man 280 
leššái- 241 
lip- 245 
lukkat- 242 
luttai 239 

mald- 258 
maliddu- 49 
maUa- 257 
mekki- 265 
miliddu- 49 
milit 266 
mutái- 273 



hai- 10 
haui- 3 1 
happena- 433 
hara(n)- 25 
hašša- 26 
haštuer- 26 
hašteř- 375 
hatug(a)i- 27 
henk- 279 
huhha- 3 1 
huuant- 454 
hueš- 458 
hulana/i- 474 

išhiia- 313 
iškalla- 338 
išpai- 364 
išpatar 361 
ištagga(i)- 369 
ištark- 375 
i-ú-ga-an 207 



ka- 172 
kaká- 1 54 
kalam(m)a- 
kaleš- 156 
kaňka- 1 60 
kariia- 229 
karp- 161 
kaši- 1 64 



56 



neku-mant- 280 
nekuz 279 
nepiš 283 
neua- 284 
neuahh- 285 
nu 289 

pahhur 121 
pa-izi 83 
paršina 101 
pata- 1 1 
pattar 102, 109 
pedan 101 

šak- 314, 360 
šakkar 335 
šakuwai- 323 
šup- 392 

takš- 419 
tangarant- 1 94 
tarna- 413 
taru 405, 409 
tekkuššai- 407 
tuzzi- 423 

uadar 45 1 
war- 449 
wašiia- 450 
uašš- 450 



\m 



INDICES 



weda- 45 1 
uen- 455 
uěš 460 



uešiia- 458 
uitt- 460 



líBpoq 328 
sflta 193 



Lycian 

tri- 425 



Tocharian 



aik-, B 6 
ak, A 29 
aknatsa, B 224 
akwam-pere, B 94 
amaks-pante, B 99 
anásk-, B 17 
ant-api, B 52 
as-, AB 31 
atas, A 28 
ate, B 28 
auk-, B 29 
auks-, B 439 
aulofi, B 29 
aume, B 29 

a( )w, AB 31 
ak", B 1 1 
ak, B 4 

aknats, A 224 
al, B 13 
ampi, A 52 
aňm-, AB 17 
antse, B 1 7 
arwar, A 25 
arwer, B 25 
atal, A 27 
awe, A 31 

cank-, B 416 

ckacar, A 78 

ek, B 29 
entwe, B 434 
es, A 17 

Ike, B 466 

kal(t)s-, B 155 
kalywe, B 176 
kam, A 209 
kam-, B 227 
kant, A 193 
kaňte, B 193 
kantwo, B 412 



kanwem. 


A 218 


kar(y)-, A 132 
karpye, B 335 
karyan, B 170 
kat, A 165 


kau-, B 


167 


kauc, B 


166 


kak-, AB 


214 


kay-, B 
keme, B 


134 
209 


keni, B 


218 


ker(y)-, I 
kercci, B 


'» 132 

; 126-127 


kerii, B 


200 


ke„, B : 


219 


klup-, B 
klyaus-, 
klyomo, 
klyos-, A 
klyu, A 
kna-, A 


217 
B 178 
B 176 
178 

176 

210, 218 


kňuk, A 


179 


ko-, A 


167 


koc, A 


166 


kokale, B 199 


kosi, B 


202 


krámp-, 
kri, A 


B 221 

170 


ku-, AB 


133, 193 


kukal, A 


199 


kul, B 


200 


kum-, A 


227 


kur-, A 


229 


kurp-, B 
kus-, B 


200 
133 


kutk-, AB 133 


kwár-, B 


229 


lak-, AB 


249 


laks, B 


232 


lam-, AI 


1 240 


lank u tse, 


B 240 


laswi, B 


237 


laute, B 


239 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



631 



lek, AB 247 
lesto, B 287 
lip-, AB 245 
lip-, B 247 
lit-, A 248 
lot, A 239 
lup-, AB 350 
lyák-, B 240 

maiwe, B 256 
malyw-, A 257-258 
maň, A 270 
mars-, AB 262 
mask-, B 272 
máššunt, A 264 
mácar, A 273 
mácer, B 273 
mak, A 265 
maka, B 265 
malk-, AB 266 
mely-, B 257-258 
meňe, B 270 
mišo, B 272 
mit, B 265 
moliye, B 263 

nas-, A 284 
násk-, B 137 
nes-, B 284 
nitt-, B 138 
no, B 289 
nu, A 289 
nusk-, B 219 

fiakte, B 145 
Sera, A 280 
flemek, B 286 
fiiš, B 460 
fikat, A 145 
fiom, B 280 
nu, A 284 
fiunte, B 285 
fiuwe, B 284 
fiyatse, B 289 



-ok, A 
okát, A 
okso, B 
okt-, B 
ops-, A 



29 
5 
433 

5 
433 



orkám, A 301 
orkmo, B 301 

paiyye, B 101, 110 
pak-, AB 363 

páko, B 117 

pal-, AB 41 



palt, A 46 
pán, A 98 
pann-, B 364 
pánw-, A 
par-, AB 
park-, AB 
parno, A 
párs-, AB 
pársk-, AB 
párwán-, A 60 
párwane, B 60 



364 
41 

113 
43 

94, 120 
120 



101 



101 



41 
40 
109 



pats, A 
pats, A 
patsa, B 
pacar, A 
pacer, B 
pal-, AB 
panto, B 
patro-, B 
peke, A 89 
pem, A 110 
perné, B 43 
pika, B 46 
plewe, B 106 
plu-, A 106 
poke, A 51 
poko, B 51 
por, A 121 
porsno, B 101 
praňk-, AB 29 
pracar, A 57 
praski, A 120 
pratim, A 
pratim, B 
praňk-, B 
procer, B 
prosko, B 
proskye, B 
půwar, B 



115 
115 
55 
57 
120 
120 
121 



rak-, AB 301 
rake, A 294 
ratre, B 307 
reki, B 294 
rtar, A 307 
ru-, AB 309 
ruwa-, AB 309 

sam, A 385 
sark-, A 388 
sark-, B 388 
sále, A 316 
sályiye, B 316 
sam, B 385 
sik-, B 312 
skak, B 342 
skiyo, B 341 



632 



INDICES 



smi-, AB 353 
somške, B 388 
spin-, A 103 
sruk-, AB 381 
stám, B 371 
suwo, B 389 
swáfice, A 387 
swáňco, B 387 

sak, A 322 
salyp, A 315 
salype, B 315 
sáptánt, A 321 
sar, A 395 
ser, B 395 
sim, B 330 
škas, B 322 
skaste, B 323 
skast, A 323 
smare, B 353 
sfior, B 359 
spam, A 392 
spané, B 392 
spát, A 321 
spař, A 363 
stám, A 371 
sukt, B 321 
suktante, B 321 

šák, A 404 
šak, B 404 
sám, A 228 
šana, B 228 
šanwem, A 212 
šari, B 376 
šaumo, B 146 
šcirye, B 375 
šcfre, B 372 
šiíícatstse, B 355 
škánt, A 403 
skaňte, B 403 
šoliye, B 223 
spál, A 130 
šre-fl, A 375 
start, A 96 
starte, B 96 

tank-, AB 428 
tak-, B 406 
tál-, AB 428 



tampe, A 
tankw, B 
tapre, B 
tárkár, A 
tarkár, B 
ta-, AB 



415 
429 



71 
71 
73 



taks-, B 419 
tek-, B 400 
tkacer, B 78 
tpar, A 68 
tram-, A 425 
trap-, A 424 
trapp-, B 424 
trask-, AB 426 
tre, A 425 
trey, B 425 
trk, A 427 
trite, B 427 
tu, A 428 
tunk, A 429 
tuwe, B 428 
twe, A 70 
twere, B 80 
tweye, B 70 

tsaik-, B 72 
tsám-, AB 404 
tsár-, AB 405 
tsek-, A 72 

-uk, B 29 

wak, A 440 
walkwe, B 473 
wafii, A 446 
want, A 454 
wánt-, AB 454 
wáp-, A 451 
wár, A 450 
war, B 450 
wart-, A 457 
wart, A 476 
wartto, B 476 
was, A 460 
was-, AB 450, 458 
wap-, B 451 
wek, B 440 
weru, B 457 
wes, B 460 
wi, B 415 
win, B 475 
wina, B 461 
wsal, A 459 
wu, A 415 

y-, AB 83 
yakne, B 439 
yark, A 84 
yarke, B 84 
yarm, B 305 
yas-, AB 206 
yat-, A 204 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



Ixo 



yente, B 454 
yepe, B 461 



yuk, A 83 
yuk-, AB 206 



Sanskrit 



abhí 434 
ádhara- 434 
aghá- 4 
ahám 83 
áhi- 4 
ájati 1 1 
ájnata- 224 
ájra- 12 
áksa- 5 
ákši 29 
aktů- 435 
amlá- 1 7 
ámhas- 1 9 
amhú- 1 9 
ámsa- 1 7 
anákti 20 
áficati 1 9 
ániti 1 7 
antár 434 
ántara- 2 1 
ánti 1 8 
antya- 1 8 
ánu- 8 7 
ánga- 20 
ánghri- 279 
ankurá- 20 
ápa 1 
ápara- 2 
apataram 2 
ápáka- 2 
ápna- 1 
árbha- 22 
árcati 84 
ardáyati 25 
arítra- 307 
armaka- 24 
árna- 24 
aryá- 23 
ásti 86 
ásu- 21 
ašáni- 3 
ašmará- 158 
ašnati 5 
ášva- 83 
astáu 5 
áti 28, 82 
átti 86 
átha 434 
ávati 29-30 
ávi- 3 1 



ayas- 1 1 
áyat 83 

adyá- 88 
ápas- 290 
ás- 290 
ása- 26, 31 
ášayati 5 
ata 18 
atí- 21 
átmán- 87 
ayu- 1 

bábhasti 40, 52 
babhrú- 40, 60 
badhnatí 4 1 
bahú- 41, 62 
bandhá- 35 
báhú- 5 1 
bibhéti 45 
bódhati 43 
budhná- 6 1 
bulí- 65 

bháti 38 
bhúman- 39 
bhadrá- 38 
bhanákti 35 
bhánati 36, 51 
bhárati 4 1 
bhárman- 37 
bhávati 44, 52 
bháyate 45 
bhala- 44 
bhinátti 46 
bhogá- 39 
bhrajate 42 
bhrašate 55 
bhriltar- 57 
bhm- 60 
bhrstí- 64 
bhrtí- 64 
bhujáti 43, 61 
bhuráti 5 7 
bhůrjá- 43 

ca 434 
cakrá- 199 
carů- 200 
catúr-anga- 96 



634 



INDICES 



caturthá- 96 
catvára- 96 
cháyá 341 
chidrá- 340 
chinátti 342 
citrá- 1 5 1 

dádháti 73 
dadrú- 405 
dáksina- 404 
damáyáti 40 1 
dánt- 401 
darbhá- 412 
daršáyati 402 
dáša 404 
daša 398 
dámyati 40 1 
dám 405, 409 
dáti 398-399 
degdhi 72 
deha- 66 
dépati 402 
dešá- 399 
déva- 408 
devár- 399 
dídesti 407 
disti- 406 
díďeti 407 
dirghá- 236,411 
dirna- 413 
diti' 407 
dódhat- 78 
drámati 409 
drávati 410 
drapí- 408 
drumá- 411 
dmáti 405, 413 
drstá- 413 
dudhra- 78 
duhitár- 78 
d(u)vá 415 
dvika- 414 
dvistha- 414 

dháman- 67 
dhrsú- 80 
dhánus- 70 
dháyati 67, 72, 76 
dhránati 7 7 
dhrstí- 79 
dhrsnú- 68 
dhunóti 69 
dhvánati 79 

édha- 6 
éka- 9 



ésati 9 

éti 83 

galati 227 
gámati 227 
gárbha- 200, 209 
gáti- 231 
gáu- 219 
gati 214 
ghorá- 129 
giráti 228 
gná 228 
gola- 226 
grhá- 126 
guli 223 
gurú- 225 

hamsá- 126 
hánti 132, 146 
hanu- 212 
hári- 124 
háryati 132, 142 
hávate 128, 318 
himá- 134, 139 
hyás 132 

ítara- 203 
ití- 203 
irmá- 24 
Iše 6 

jáhati 122, 133 
jálpati 131 
jámbha- 209 
jána- 224 
jánghá 126 
járant- 210 
járate 213 
járati 211 
jásáte 228 
jatu 227 
janáti 2 1 
jani- 230 
Jánu 218 
jatá- 223 
jatá-vedas- 467 
jihmá- 406 
jihvá 412 
jlvá- 230 
jfiatá- 224 
jnatí- 218 
josáyate 211 
juhóti 1 33 
jústi- 226 
jusáte 213 
jumá- 225 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



635 



kad 199 
káksa- 150 
kakúbh- 196 
kálpate 1 54 
kaly a- 155 
kanlna- 169 
kaňkala- 160 
káprth- 148 
karta- 170 
kásati 339 
katará- 199 
káya- 197 
kánksati 1 94 
kancaná- 193 
kásate 202 
kekara- 151 
ke ta- 150 
ketú- 151 
khájati 332 
koca- 166 
kosa- 167 
krnátti 194 
krp 185 
křsa- 195 
ksámá- 327 
kúmba- 1 93 
kupa- 1 96 
kůrdati 184, 335 
kváthati 1 99 

laví- 243 
leláyati 296 
limpáti 245, 247 
línati 246 
líná- 246 
lobha- 238 
loká- 238 
lopášá- 403 
lótam 239 
lúbhyati 238 
lumpáti 250-251 
lunáti 243, 251 
lunóti 243 
luficati 308-309 
luna- 251 

mádati 263 
mádhu- 265 
mádhya- 264, 465 
madhyamá- 265 
maghá- 252 
mahánt- 265 
majján- 264 
malvá- 258 
manu- 260 
mányate 259 
many 5, 260 



mátí- 275 
mamsárn 267 
más- 270 
ma.tár- 273 
máti- 271 
médas- 263 
meghá- 271 
méhati 272 
méthati 272-273 
methí- 254 
mimiksati 272 
mináti' 271, 273 
mrdnáti 258, 267 
mrdú- 258 
mrnáti 257 
mrsyati 262 
mrtá- 277 
murdhán- 275 
můs- 278 

náma 280 
ná 283 
nábhas- 283 
nadí 281 
náda- 282 
nagná- 280 
nák 279 
nápat 283 
napé- 283 
naraka- 289 
nas- 281 
násate 284 
nášati 279 
náu- 289 
nava- 284-285 
návate 285 
navátí- 285 
návya- 284 
na 285 
natha- 287 
nathate 287 
nénekti 287 
net 289 
ni-dághá- 66 
níndati 280 
nitarám 289 
nítya- 287 
rudá- 287 
mi 289 

pata- 9 1 
paď- 110 
padám 101 
padya- 102 
padyate 1 1 
páflca 98 
pánthá- 99 



636 



INDICES 



panktí- 98 
pára 99 
párdate 101 
Parjánya- 100 
parná- 94 
pársati 120 
parút 1 1 
pašů- 97 
pasu- trp- 4 1 7 
patará- 1 02 
páti- 88 
páráyati 110 
pášáyati 1 09 
pársni- 101 
péšas- 89 
pirhšati 1 03 
piká- 365 
píparti 93 
pitar- 88 
pitrvya- 88 
plván- 90 
plyati 103 
pláváte 1 06 
pláváyati 106 
plúsi- 1 05 
pluta- 109 
pra-vrajayati 472 
práyah 1 04 
préta- 1 1 1 
priyá- 114 
priyatva- 113 
priyayáte 114 
pritá- 1 1 5 
prusvá 1 1 3 
prccháti 113 
prccha, 120 
práni- 93, 119 
prsan 94 
prthá- 1 1 7 
prthú- 98, 292 
púccha- 1 1 7 
pum 1 1 9 
purah-sthátár- 1 1 3 
purú- 98 
puma- 1 1 8 
puti- 1 1 6 
púyati 121 

phéna- 90 

raghú- 240 
rájas 301 
ráksati 1 4 
rámate 302 
rámbate 240 
rárhhate 240 



rápas- 294 
rátha- 298 
rávati 309 
rádhnóti 303 
ráma- 304 
rédhi 246 
réjate 232 
rekhá 295 
réknas- 232 
rikliáti 295, 305 
rinákti 247 
řití- 306 
rócate 242 
rocís- 238 
róda- 299 
ródhati 242 
roditi 303 
rujáti 252 
rúpyati 298, 303 

rjyati 301 
mjati 297 
rnóti 85, 302 
rsa-bhá- 436 
rtá- 23 

sá 310 
sabhá 320 
sácate 323 
sáhas- 322 
sáháte 322 
sákha 312 
samá- 317, 385 
šamana 317 
sam-ará- 85 
sama 386 
sam-yúj- 207 
sána- 324 
sanaká- 324 
sánti 458 
sanutár- 386 
saptá- 32 1 
saptátha- 32 1 
saptatí- 32 1 
sarpí- 3 1 5 
satyá- 387 
savá- 320 
sadáyati 319 
samí 328 
setu- 312 
siflcáti 330 
sldati 325 
simán- 330 
sivyati 329 
skunáti 347 
smát 317 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



637 



smáyate 353 
snáyati 358 
snusá 359 
spárdhate 367 
spháyate 102, 364 
sphúrjati 362, 366 
sphatati 36 1 
sphirá- 362 
sphuráti 367 
sphyá- 103, 364-365 
sprdh- 367 
srédhati 351 
srjáti 324 
stabhnáti 368, 372 
stákati 369 
stánati 374, 429 
stárl 376 
stlmá- 378 
strbhih 376 
stúká 383 
stupa- 384 
styáyate 370 
stliala- 370 
sthálati 370 
stháman- 379 
sthitá- 368 
sthíti- 369 
sthurá- 377, 385 
sunóti 320 
súrá 320, 385 
súvar- 361, 387 
sunu- 388 
supa- 385, 389 
svadhá 321 
svájate 394 
svaná- 39 1 
svánati 391 
svápiti 392 
s vápna- 392 
svarati 393 
svásar- 395 
svádu- 398 
svápáyati 389, 397 
švéda- 390 
svedayati 390 
svidyate 396 
syuman- 320 
syáti 313, 330 

šaknóti 149-150 
šala- 156 
sami 158 
šankate 160 
šankhá 179 
šankú- 160 
šaphá- 1 8 1 



áárman- 1 68 

áaáá- 1 64 

áatá- 1 93 

áatá-pati- 1 93 

ááka- 172 

šéva- 173 

šíšira- 150, 168, 172 

ářrsn- 170 

šri- 1 83 

šratháyati 1 83 

árávas- 176 

áritá- 177 

áromata- 176 

ároni- 175 

árotra- 176 

árastí- 1 7 8 

árutá- 178 

ámga- 1 95 

sván- 193 

ávásiti 201 

ávašrii- 393 

ávášura- 393 

ávašura- 396 

ávetá- 201 

áyámá- 214 

sasthá- 323 
sastí- 322 
sát 322 

tákman- 418 
táksati 419 
tákii- 419 
támas- 420 
tamasá- 420 
tamsayati 42 1 
tanákti 42 1 
tanóti 416 
tápati 418 
tárjati 42 1 
tarkú- 432 
tarsáyati 417 
tát* 418 
tata- 420 
tátra 418 
taviti 418 
tísthati 377 
tittirá- 422 
trásati 424-425 
trna- 430 
trptá- 429 
trpti- 429 
trpyati 4 1 7 
trsů- 430 
trsyati 422, 430 
trtíya- 427 



(538 



INDICES 



tulayati 428 
tupáti 384 
tura- 429 
turáti 384, 432 
tvám 428 
tvanakti 43 1 

ubháu 52 
ubhnáti 45 1 
udrá- 436 
ugrá- 469 
uksán- 433 
ukhá- 433 
Úpa 432 
úpara- 432 
upári 433 
usa 30 
út 437 
utá 416 

údhar 436 
uná- 446 
urmí- 444 
urna, 474 

vác- 440 

vaja- 442 

várí 450 

vmati 453 

váhati 452 

vájra- 442 

válate 453 

válati 443 

válgati 444 

váňcati 447 

vanisthú- 447 

vanóti 446, 455, 461, 475 

vángati 455 

vápati 94 

vársistha- 457 

vársřyas- 457 

vártate 457 

vartáyati 448 



vasantá- 46 1 
vásati 458 
váste 450 
vástu- 459 
vatsá- 459-460 
vayám 460 
váyati 441 
va 199 
váhá- 460 
vajáyati 442 
váííchati 475 
váflcha, 475 
vasa- 462 
váti 460 
vedáyati 441 
vépate 440 
vepáyati 440 
vidháva 462 
vidyá 464 
vijáte 466 
víš- 466 
visa- 441 
vitarám 464 
vittá- 463 
vfrá- 463 
vrata- 472 
vrájati 471 
vrkí 474 
vřka- 473 
vrnóti 449 

yá- 203 
yámati 206 
yásyati 206 
yátate 204 
yácati 205 
yana- 206 
yógya- 205 
yugá- 207 
yuvaáá- 207 
yuvatí- 207 
yuyám 208 



Avestan 



ayó 4 
a8aro 434 
aěiti 83 
aěs- 6 
aěsma- 7 
aěš- 9 
ačvó 9 
aěxa- 204 



airyo 23 
aiti 28, 82 
aiwi 434 
aiwi-gaiti- 231 
aiwi-ynixta 137 
ana 17 
antara 434 
antara- 2 1 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



6:19 



anu 87 
anu-maiti- 275 
arjhu- 21 
apa, 1 
aparó 2 
aramó 24 
aršan- 436 
aša- 23 
aši 29 
ašta 5 
asti 86 
aurva- 25 
avaiti 29 
ayah- 1 1 
ayara 9 
azam 83 
azaiti 1 1 

a-dišti- 407 
ah- 290 
apah- 290 

ayu 10 

banda- 35 
bandayeiti 4 1 
baoSant- 43 
barašnu- 53 
barazah- 42 
bavaiti 44, 52 
bawra- 40 
ba 51, 82 
bazu- 51 
baraz- 63 
bifra- 414 
biš 414 
bratar- 5 7 
brazaiti 42 
bflna- 6 1 

ča 434 
čaxro 1 99 
Či9ró 151 

da8aiti 73 
daěvó 408 
daraga- 236, 41 1 
darši- 68 
dauru- 68, 409 
draoya- 74 
dugadar- 78 

aranaoiti 85, 302 

fratarasaiti 424-425 
fravi- 112 



fri6a- 115 


fryó 114 


garava- 200, 209 


gana 228 


gara8a- 126 


gauš 219 


had- 325 


haětu- 312 


haiGya- 387 


ham- 386 


hamá- 317, 385 


hana- 324 


hant- 325 


hapta 321 


harazaiti 324 


-haurvó 319 


haxay- 312 


hazah- 322 


ha 310 


hanti 458 


hinčaiti 330 


hinu- 329 


hišta- 377 


hizu 412 


hu-ba8ra 38 


hunu- 388 


hurá 320 


hu 389 


hvara 36 1 



ísti- 6 

jamaiti 227 
jani- 230 
jainti 1 46 
jaraiti 228 

ka-mara8a- 275 
kamna- 333 
kaofa- 1 66 
kata- 196, 226 
kataro 1 99 
karasa- 1 95 
karatí- 225 

kó 199 
maSama- 265 
ma8aite 263 
ma8u- 265 
maěya- 271 
maězaiti 272 
magava- 253 
maiSya- 264 
mainyete 259 
manuš- 260 



640 



INDICES 



maoin- 264, 268 
maraza- 262 
mazánt- 266 
mazga- 264 
mah- 270 
mátar- 273 
marata- 277 
marazu- 276 
mlžda- 272 
mimara- 271 
muGra 278 

na- 283 
nabah- 283 
načd- 280 
napat- 283 
napti- 283 
nah- 281 
naman- 280 
ni-8aiti- 72 
ni-wyeiti 45 
no 460 
noi 289 
nu 289 

pad- 110 
pa8am 101 
paěs- 89 
paiti- 88 
panča 98 
par- 93 
parana- 94 
para 99, 119 
pasu- 97 
pauru- 98 
piíšna- 101 
parana 118 
paraGu- 98, 292 
parasaite 113 
paratu- 1 1 9 
puiti- 1 1 6 

raěG- 248 
raěxanah- 232 
ragu- 240 
raod- 303 
raoSaiti 242 
raoxšna- 242 
raGa- 298 
rašta- 30 1 
ravah- 309 
rá8aiti 303 

safa- 181 
sak- 149-150 
satam 1 93 



sádra- 1 65 
snaěža- 355, 358 
snaežati 356 
snávara 359 
spaěta- 201 
spanah- 1 94 
sparaya- 362 
spasyeiti 363 
spá 193 
spanta- 1 94 
sparad- 367 
sraoman 176 
sraoni- 175 
sraoGra- 176 
sraoša- 176, 178 
sraota- 176 
sravah- 176 
sri- 183 
šrůta- 178 
šyata- 201 
staora- 377 
staxra- 369 
stáiti- 379 

ta 418 
taošayeiti 418 
taro 42 1 
taršu- 430 
taš- 419 
taOraešu 420 
taxma- 42 1 
tamarjha- 420 
tůiryó 88 
tůma- 431 
tvam 428 

Gang- 428 
Grayo 425 
Grityo 427 

udró 436 
ugro 469 
unó 446 
upairi 433 
upara- 432 
upa 432 
uš- 30 
uxšan- 433 
uz-daěza- 66 

vačm 460 
vaěti- 464 
vanaiti 475 
varjhaiti 458 
var) ri 461 
var- 453 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



641 



varami- 444 
varana 474 
varat- 457 
varaza- 456 
varštva- 476 
vastfi 450 
vaxš- 439 
vaxša- 440 
vazra- 442 
va 199 
vaiti 460 
var- 450 
vastram 458 
vahrka- 473 
vi8avá 462 
vira- 463 
vftara- 464 

xruma- 1 90 
xšvaš 322 
xšvašti- 322 
xšviwra- 390 



x v aě8a 


- 390 


x v afha- 


• 392 


x v ap- 


392 


yah- 


206 


yaozaiti 206 


yar- 


206 


yó 198, 203 


yuš 208 


yužam 


208 


zaěša- 


123 


zafar- 


212 


zairi- 


124 


zana- 


224 


zanva 


212 


zaoš- 


213 


zara- 


132 


zazaiti 


133 


za 126 


zara- 


124 



apataram 

jíva- 230 



Old Persian 

pa6im 291 
xáya 1 1 



lewar- 364 



Afghan 



Ossetic 



' T fsir ~ aefserae 365 
aeluton 1 6 
£em-baerzyn 42 



daejun 67 
k"arErt 225 
stur 385 



tajun 418 
tajyn 418 

(v)urs 189 

xumaellceg 1 92 
xuyun ~ xuin 329 

yex 204 



Scythian 



'AXffúO-ayoc; 1 6 



642 



INDICES 



Greek 



aoítoc; 310 
'AyyeíAoi 1 9 
aye 1 1 
áyKÚ^.T| 20 
ayiaAoq 19-20 
aymXoc, 19 
ayvcoxcx; 224 
ayóq 1 1 
áypóq 12 
ay^i 1 9 
ayco 1 1 
áyicróv 1 9 
aSaaxo? 402 
á8r|v 84 
aě^to 439 
«9eo<; 145 
áOijpco 71 
á£a 26 
ar||ji 460 
aiyí^.an)f 7 
"Ai8ti<; 156 
aí8o|iai 1 1 
aiÉXoupoc; 459 
aí9o<; 6 
aína 313 
aicxoi; 463 
aiaxoi; 6 
áíxriq 29 
airáv 1 1 
ttKaiva 3 
aKapva 5 
cikÍc, 3 
aicXÍTOc; 177 
aK|ir| 5 
áicxíc; 435 
á^-é^co 1 4 
átaxaívco 233, 351 

(i^-KTl 14 

«Xkt| 14 
dXXá 1 5 
aA.A,o|iai 323 
aXkoc, 15 
ííXq 316 
(tX(f>6q 13 
áXámr\t, 403 
ajia 385 
a|ia9oc; 318 
ánáonai 318 
ánapxíj 23 
ájiáco 269 
á\iíXya> 266 
anr|TO<; 271 
ánná 17 
álivó? 4 
an<pr|v 20 



an<pco 52 
«v 17 
ava 17 
avaXxoq 1 3 
dva7ie^.áaa<; 2 
avoeopog 29 
«ve|JO<; 17 
ravev 87 
áv9pr|VT| 76 
ávvíc, 20 
avxa 1 8 
avxoa 17, 19 
ávxí 1 8 
ávxíoc; 18 
(iíjívri 1 2 
aíjcov 5 
oíjtio<; 1 
imXóoq 91 
oraó 1 
ájťú 2 
oracoxépco 2 
ápapíoKco 305 
ápíaxepoq 455 
apiaxepóí; 423 
apoxpov 23, 25 
ápóco 23 
apariv 436 
ápcoyri 307 
aaKr|9ř|i; 336 
áaitápayog 366 
áaJtaípto 367 
áaxrip 376 
áxaXóq 27 
axep 386 
axpaKxoi; 432 
axxa 27 
av 29 
aijye 29 
avXóq 29 
oreo<; 320 
avowq 30 
aiíto 30 
atpvoi; 1 
axvri 4 
a^onai 3 

Paívro 227 
Paíxri 291 
Pájtxro 226 
PápaGpov 228 
Papú? 225 
Páaiq 231 
pSéco 101 
Píoí 230 
PippráoKto 228 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



643 



(knií 219 
PpÚKava 277 
Ppoxúí 276 
Ppéxro 300 
Ppotóq 277 
(tó^ov 294 
Pwéro 294 

yavXúq 2 1 3 
yévoc; 224 
yévvq 212 
yépavoq 220 
yéppov 213 
yéprav 210 
yéaxpa 459 
yeaxía 451 
yeúo\íCti 213 
yiyvráaKco 218 
yW-rxov 216 
ytauóc; 215 
yHxpto 216 
yvT|xóq 223 
yvvt, 218 
yvcoTÓq 218, 224 
yónipoc; 209 
yóvu 218 
ypótpa) 213 
ypaíic; 228 
ypí>£o) 222 
yp\)|jéa 222 
ywií 228 
yímri 222 
yvpoc, 226 

Saiíp 399 
5aíonai 398, 400 
8á K pu 399 
8anáto 401 
ĎárceSov 412 
baavq 401 
Ďatéoiica 402 
Seíícvujn 407 
8éko 404 
bíaaxoc, 403 
Sé^to? 404 
8eXcp-úc; 209 
6énco 404 
8e^vó? 404 
8épKO|iai 402 
8ép|ja 405 
5épco 405 
8é<pco 402 
8íkti 406 
8i6úpa|.iPoq 20 
8ut^.óoq 414 
8Íq 414 
8okÉ(o 403 



So^xó? 236, 411 
5óta? 400, 406 
Sópu 405, 409 
Soxnóg 406 
Spénto 408 
Spóijoq 409 
SpiJivoQ 410 
8-úo 415 
Síiaxinoi; 134 

ěap 461 

ěapóv 470 

éyxeaíncopoi; 270 

fe'8pa 326 

é'8(o 86 

eOo? 322 

E^onai 325 

eíPto 330 

eiXéco 443-444, 453 

em 83 

EKTOq 323 

OKupá 393 
OKupúc; 393 
íXa<fp6q 251 
íXaxí>q 240 
o^etv 3 1 6 
oWkti 453 
év 84 
eva-toc; 285 
evSov 83 
éveyKEÍv 279 
évÉjico 311 
Ěvepoi 289 
ěvti 83 
Evvéa 285 
Ěvvu|ii 450 
Evoq 324 
ĚvxEpa 84 
évtí 458 
évtoí; 84 
'é% 322 
É^auaxTip 30 
Ěop 395 
ejueiktoq 465 
Éitíoupoq 447 
£ito|jai 323 
EJtoq 440 
ojtxá 321 
Epá 86 
Ěpyov 456 
ĚpEpoq 301 
ÉpEÍKto 295 
Épéntonav 294, 307 
épéco 310 
ÉpEÍKco 305 
ÉpEÍnco 305 
épuBpó? 307 



644 



INDICES 



Ěpxonai 300 
epraSióc; 25 
épwrj 304, 307 
é'ii 82 
ĚTog 460 
eíSco 436 
exco 322 

9«nvo<; 68 
9eívto 132, 146 
QéXyw 78 
9évap 70 
9eó$ 72 
9iyyávco 72 
9óXo<; 67 
9oXóco 81 
9paaúq 68, 80 
9poó)|ja 75 
9p<rúto 76 
SpónPo? 74 
9uyáTT|p 78 
9-úvto 79 
9uocjkóo<; 337 
9úpá 80 
9-UGGCívóeic; 78 
9úco 69 
9cojaÓš 73 

^eívanev 228 
^eíiyoi; 206 
?éco 206 
i^-uyóv 207 

fiyéouai 314, 360 
r\6vq 398 
T|é>.io<; 361, 387 
ř]épio<; 9 
fi-fé 199 
T|iKavó<; 161 
ŤHiepoq 206 
mu 328 
fivío 21 
ííjteípo? 290 
íjpa 461 
"Hpa 319 
fjpenoq 302 
r|xop 87 
r|úxE 416 
riXií 397 
íiró<; 30 

i' 329 
?8og 390 
Í8pi<; 464 
Vencu 441 
vkco 3 1 2 
X[íáq 330 



iVPílpiq 19 
t£at 330 
íov9oq 446 
ió<; 441 
ijcvóq 433 
ijijtoc; 83 
iott||ii 377 
ixéa 464, 468 

kcuvÓc; 169 
KiiXaiJOc; 156 
kcx^Óc; 155 
Kanapoc; 192 
Kaurcři 158 
Kánpo<; 148 
KánTto 149 
Kap8ía 170 
Kapjtúi; 161—162 
kevtÉo) 1 69 
KÉpa? 170 
keúSco 196 
KEipaXri 1 30 
KÍj8oc; 165 
ktikÍo) 160 
kt|Xt| 1 66 
KÍjrcoc; 181 
xXá&oq 192 
kIú^co 1 74 
xXíoq 176 
nXÉnim 175 
kXívt\ 177 
kXivco 177 
kXvC,w 178 
xXvjúq 178 
Kvájitto 179 
Kvára 181 

KVTlKÓq 193 

Kvr||iT| 158 
KVÍ^CO 180 

KvToa 1 80 
Kvúi^a 180 
kvúco 180 
Koéto 167, 337 
Koípavoq 163 
KÓXitoq 198 
kovÍc; 138 
KÓpari 170 
KopuSó? 171 
KpaSáco 184, 335 
Kpá|jPoi; 184 
Kpéaq 185 
KpEÍrav 183 
icpr|VT| 185 
xp? 132 
Kpoiúi; 183 
Kpónuov 184 
KpoíJco 186 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



645 



KpínÓQ 190 

Kprói^co 187 
K-úfSot; 194 
ktjkXoi; 199 

KÍ)|JpTl 193 
KVltt] 196 

kÚtoc; 196 
KÍitpóc; 

KTJCOV 
KCÓ|J,T| 
K(Ó71T| 



196 

93 

52 



^.óyavov 234 
Xnt,o\iai 234 
Xaíev 244 
^.áKKOQ 231 
Xáaioc, 445 
XeÍxv 247 
Xeíxw 246 
taiuróv 233, 351 
Xétpjim 240 
^euKái^co 250 
A.EUKÓ? 242 
W|yco 234 
?ltiSeív 244 
XtíÍt] 239 
Wivoc; 474 
A.iyt> ? 233 
Wtei 246 
Wva|jai 246 
^utapóg 245 
XoPó? 236 
tavuxpóv 239 
Xoia 238-239 
Xvyi, 250 
Xvyoc, 250, 252 
Xitm 352 
Xúko? 473 
X-óxpov 25 1 
Xva 243, 251 

liaSáto 263 
na9dv 276 
na£óq 263 
HdKpaícov 235 
|iaKpo9\)|iía 235 
naKpóc; 253 
ura^yoc; 257 
nav9ávra 275 
|iápr| 275 
liáaaco 257 
neyá^-o 265 
néyai; 266 
néSonai 268 
\iíQv 265 
|ieíyvi)|ji 272 
neícov 271 



|ié/U5o|ica 267 
HÉ^Sco 258 
HÉXi 266 
nénova 259 
liéaoc; 264 
liEtá 268 
|jř|Kcův 269 
\it\1ov 270, 353 
ufc 270 
lif[T\q 271 
|ir|TTip 273 
nr|xpa 274 
MX°S 252 
Hivú9co 271, 273 
Hva9ÓQ 272 
IioixÓq 254 
UÍ>8oq 278 
|jíi9o<; 264 
Ijuía 278 
iroicáoiiai 278 
HÚMov 278 
livc, 278 

vrépKTi 356 
voróq 289 
veáco 285 
ve?o<; 284 
veúpei 358 
vénto 284 
veoyvóc; 393 
véouai 284 
véoq 284 
vép9e(v) 289 
véptepoí; 290 
veúpov 359 
veúco 285 
vE(fíXr\ 283 
vétpoí 283 
véco 286 
vf|9co 358 
vfjaaa 21 
ví^ra 287 
vt> 289 
vuntpíta 261 
vú£, 279 
vvóq 359 

^évTi 337 

ó 310 

óSúaaonoa 27 
Ó8(óv 401 
o^oq 26 
oi'8a£, 10 
oí8áco 10 
oíkoi; 466 

OÍKTpÓ? 7 



64 b 



INDICES 



0105 9 
oiq 31 
oíto? 10 
ÓktcÓ 5 
óA,iPpóv 351 
ó^iaQáveo 351 
b\iaX6q 324 
óníx^-Ti 271 
ó|ióyvio<; 317 
ónóae 317 
b\iáq 317 
ómpa/^óq 279 

Ól-LCpT) 318 

oveiSog 280 
ovo|ja 280 
óvo|jaívco 280 
ov-u^ 279 
ó^-úa 26 
ópraco 450 
ópéyco 301 
ópeKtóq 301 
opuevoš 85 
opvi? 24-25 
opvu|jai 302 
opvv|jv 24, 85 
iípofSoc; 25 
oppo<; 25 
ópúaaai 308 
op<pavó<; 22 
ópcpvóc; 85 
ópx&0(4.ai 23 
oq 198, 396 
oooe 29 
oúBap 436 
Oúvvoi 196 
ocpvq 4 
ócppíx; 60 
óxéto 438 

xaXáirí] 1 1 8 
navTOKpáxrap 16 
náp 119 
7tapá 119 
7taxéo|jai 110 
naxř|p 88 
narpiKÓc; 88 
rcaíipoc; 96 
KO-xiic, 41, 62 
;té8ov 101 
icé^a 102 
icéČi; 101 
neíOonai 46 
neÍKco 103 
7tevpa 102 
nÉKOi; 89 
jcékco 96 



itéXeia 80 
néX^ia 97 
jiÉXtti 91 
^évojjai 119, 364 
jtévtE 98 
níoq 94 
jtepáco 93 
nép8o|jai 101 
TteputetpXeuanévoc; 48 
nepílen 101 
itetáwum 96 
;teij6o|ioa 43 
jtiíyvuni 92, 109 
jtíjvoc; 92 
itr|7ioKa 201 
itfjxuq 51 
ju8<4 103 
Ttícov 90 
itXáyoq 1 05 
nXáim 105, 108 
jttaxŠ 104 
jtXáxri 1 1 7 
nXamc, 98, 292 
itXeícov 1 04 
hXektti 1 04 

TtXÉKCO 1 06 

nA.éco 1 06 
TtlívOcx; 107 
jt^.oíov 1 06 
iúšů\ia. 106 
jtXcoxói; 107 
TiXáíss 108 
itvéco 109 
JtÓKOq 89 
jiÓvtoí; 99 
točte 199 
Jtócni; 88 
itoísco 197 
toikÍXoc; 89 
itov|jř|v 90 
TO^-ióc, 91 
koXxi 98 
itopKvóq 93, 119 
itopcpupto 57 
Kovq 110 
7tpáaov 293 
TcpÓKa 119 
Ttpójioq 111, 116 
itpoaT|vr|c; 435 
nrépii; 94 
Ttrépvri 101 
Jtrepóv 102 
7tTÚto 365 
itu0|jř|v 61 
jťó6o|iai 121 
Ttíiov 1 2 1 
itúp 121 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



647 



jieo^éco 61 
nuiXoq 118 

pá8i£, 473, 476 
pouPÓQ 470 
paníq 476 
pánvq 306 
páaato 471 
péupco 472 
peí>|ia 380 
píov 472 
Poíkoc; 470 
poijoc; 476 

oPévvuui 228 
oéX\ia 324 
OKa^ra 334 
OKCxípco 344 
GK&XX(ň 338 
GKaX\ióq 333 
aKÓ.jtTco 330 
OKacpri 334 
ciKeípco 338 
ckétctoiígu 363 
OKfjnxpov 331 
aKiá 341 
OKi8apóv 340 
aKiv9ós 334 

CJK17IC0V 341 

okoítioí; 341 
okoXiÓí; 338 
okÓxcx; 331 
cncúi^onai 345 
okúXov 347 
oicupcx; 346 
gkvio<; 336 
aKČop 335 
o|i«ců 354 
anf|a) 355 
aniKpói; 354 
a\ivx w 354 
ooiiipóc; 391 
OJiáSrí 361 
ojtapáaiov 363 
craáco 361 
orceúSco 364 
aníyyoq 103, 365 
aitíXoq 365 
axá|jvo<; 371 
axáoic; 369 
axaxóq 368 
oxaupói; 373 
oxeíxra 378 
oxeTpa 376 
exéXXa 370 
atéXoq 374 
oxéupra 371 
oxévto 374, 429 



axepyravoQ 425 

axepeói; 372 

axřiprov 379 

oxíí^to 374 

ctí%oq 378 

oxoá 380 

axoíxo? 369 

atóXoq 370 

oxóp9r| 376, 383 

oxpsíiyoiiai 381 

oxpoí)9o<; 425 

oxímoc; 384 

aú 428 

a<papayéo|jai 362, 366 

oipr|v 364 

oxí^co 342 

aróq 418 

xáppoq 421 
xapaóc; 417 
xaxóq 420 
xcrupoc; 423 
xe 434 
xéyoq 415 
xÉkvov 418 
xépjtopai 417 
xépaoiiai 422 
xécKjapec; 96 
xéxapxo? 96 
xéxpa^ 422 
xeívco 416 
xeípo) 426 
xeúxco 69 

XT|KC0 415 

xriXía 420 
xí0rini 73 
xixpúxjKto 426 
xópiioq 417 
xoíxoq 66 
xpeí.; 425 
xpé|ico 425 
xpéepco 73, 77 
xpéco 424-425 
xprixóq 427 
xpotpaXíi; 73 
xpúco 425 
xúXoq 428 
xímxco 384 
xvffXóq 69, 80 

úypóq 442 
í)8poc; 436 

ííScop 451 

íSXt] 385, 389 

bXía 389 

ú|iř|v 320 
iWes 208 



043 



INDICES 



i)7iép 433 
irnó 432 
íSjtvoq 392 
ve, 389 
i><pr| 451 

(paívto 38 
<pó^.ay^ 34 
ipaXXóc, 34, 44 
tpa^-óc; 48 
<pé(3o|joi 41 
(pépetpov 43 
tpépco 41 
<peí8ouoa 46 
<prj 51 
(priyóg 52 
(piUií 36, 51 
tpí^oc; 45 
Oívvoi 103 
tpXéya) 47 
tpXiSáco 47 
<pA.oi8éco 47 
(pA.óno<; 327 
tpopuóc; 37 
(ppéap 58 
<ppr|v 144 
<ppř|Tr|p 57 
tpptljáto 57 
tppúvoi; 60 
<pí>|ia 39 
qrúco 44, 52 
(pobyto 33 
tpcovri 52 



Xaívw 126 
xoúov 1 23 
xaípco 142 
Xav8ávco 1 33 
%ávoq 125 
%ó.oq 128 
X«piq 132 
xapTÓ? 142 
xatéto 122 
XEipojiouiTÓc; 
X£>.í>vri 131 
xéco 1 33 
■$a\iakóq 
%Qéq 132 
126 
139 



59 



25 



Xiróv 
xXíco 

X^i5ri 



136 
136 



X^óo? 136-137 
XÓX05 124 
Xpaívro 144 

XpE|JETÍ^CO 140 

XpTna 143 
Xpico 143 
XpónoQ 139 
Xpóoq 344 

\|fúx<n 52 

mXívr\ 1 4 
<í)|iúi; 1 7 
ňóv 11 
rapa 206 



ad 26 

Pé8t) 451 

8áoq 70, 72 
davo 448 
duma 73 

eti 82 

ian 438 

kÍkXt|v 1 99 
kuryaneyon 



Phrygian 

meká 266 

Sedvti 337 

oito 1 
onoman 280 

proitavos 111 

yos 203 

Céxva 128 



63 



acem 1 1 
ačiun 26 



Armenian 

ail 15 
aitnum 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



649 



alik' 91 
al 316 
albiwr 58 
am 386 
amařn 386 
amis 270 
ancanauť 224 
anic 180 
anjn 19 
anjuk 19 
anun 280 
araur 23 
ard 23 
arjn 85 
art 12 
ařaspel 363 
astí 376 
atamn 40 1 
ateam 2 7 

ban 36, 52 
barjr 42, 63 
bark 37 
bek 35 
bérem 41 
bok' 40 

cer 210 
cunr 218 

c'iw 347 
rAirt 347 

darbin 66 
dařnam 74 
dez 66 
dik c 72 
du 428 
dustr 78 

elbayr 5 7 
eřam 86 
erek c 301, 425 
es 83 
etl 326 

gam 438 
gelům 443 
get 451 
gitem 44 1 
gom 458 

hac'i 26 
han 20 
hanum 119 
harc c 120 
harc c anem 113 



hast 94 
hav 31 
hayc c em 9 
hayr 88 
heru 101 
het 101 
hin 324 
hing 98 
hingerord 99 
hu 121 
hun 99 
hur 121 

il 87 
inn 285 

jalk 124 
jelun 131 
jiwn 139 
ju 11 

kelem 227 
kin 228 
kov 219 
křunk 221 

k'irtn 390 
k'oyr 395 

lezu 412 
lízaném 246 
lu 105, 178 
luc 207 
lucanem 252 

mal 270 
malém 257 
malťem 258 
mard 277 
mec 266 
měj 264 
měg 271 
melr 266 
mic 355 
mis 267 
mizem 272 
mukn 278 

neard 359 
nist 287 
nu 359 
nurb 289 

oř 25 
ost 26 

pelem 292 



(550 



INDICES 



planím 9 1 
p'orj 102 

sařn 171 
sirt 170 
skesur 393 
snerb 356 
steln 374 
sterj 376 
stvar 377 

šel 338 

taigr 399 
tasn 404 
tawn 398 
ti 407 



tiz 407 
tvar 406 

ťanjr 428 

ťař 417 

til 118 
unkn 30 
ur 198 
us 17 
utem 86 
uť 5 

vandem 474 
varem 449 
vec' 322 

z genům 450 



Thracian 



'APpo^e^nu; 1 

pó^ivOo? 62 
BoiAoyaíarii; 123 
BovpeiAa? 64 
Ppía 472 
Ppí^a 308 
PpÍTO<; 59 

8i£a 406 

eppoí 82 



i^aXnó? 168 
ZiAniKjSprryvÓQ 410 

víPa 355 

'PáaKo^ 297 

aicáX|rr| 333 
Xtp\)|iróv 380 

Tiouxa 423 



Siéaena 327-328 
diessathel 327-328 

Xát, 239 

KoiKoXí8a 151 



Dacian 



jtpiá8r|Xa 114 
jtpiá8itax 114 

aiKOtmvffĎi; 18 



(ippoíixei; 60 
aXii^a 15 

yapaXáv 1 30 



Macedonian 

KXivóxpoxov 1 78 
"OAyovoí; 474 



ah 26 



Albanian 



bar 36 
bardhě 42 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



651 



barrě 37 
barukě 37 
berr 38 
bie 37 
bri 55 
bií 55 
buj 52 
bůj 53 
bung 62 
buzěm 1 



70 



c(j)ap 340 

calě 338 

dash 71 
dere 80 
det 71 
ditě 407 
djale 70 
djathtě 404 
dje 132 
djersě 390 
dra 74 
drá 74 
drang 74 
dredh 74 
drithe 132, 
dua 213 
due 213 
dy 415 

dhamb 209 
dhemb 209 

emen 280 
emer 280 

ě slitě 86 

fier 94 
fjalě 363 

gardh 126 
gdliend 7 1 
gdhij 408 
gdhlj 408 
grua 228 
grue 228 
gjalpe 315 
gjashtě 322 
gjeth 227 
gjumě 392 

hale 332-333 
hije 341 



47 



hir '. 


542 


h(j)edh 339 


kap 


149 


katěr 


96 


kollě 


202 


kref 


139 


kreh 


139 


kripě 


186 


krodhě 188 


krua 


1 85 


krue 


185 


krypě 


186 


kur 


198 


kush 


198 


labě 


236 


landě 


240 


lehtě 


240 


lej 242 


lěndě 


240 


lidh 


247 


lodh 


244 


llaně 


14 


llěrě 


14 


madh 


266 


mat 


276 


máz 


259 


mez 


259 


mi 278 


mi 278 


miell 


267 


mish 


267 


mize 


278 


mjaltc 


: 266 


mjegull 271 


mjel 


266 


mot 


271 


motěr 


■ 273 


muaj 


270 


muej 


270 


nand 


285 


natě 


280 


ndě 


83 


ndrydh 428 


nduk 


405 


ne 460 


něntě 


285 


njof 


210 


njoh 


210 


pa 1 




pale 


91 



652 



INDICES 



pele 118 
pesě 98 
pěše 98 
pjerclh 101 
plaf 104 
plesht 1 05 
push 1 1 7 

rjep 294 
rjep 307 

rranjě 476 

rrěnjě 476 

rrime 476 

rrjedh 300 

rrymě 380 

siyjet 172 

sy 29 

shoh 323 
shqerr 338 
shtate 321 
shteg 369 
shtjerrě 376 
shtyj 373 
shtyj 373 



ti 428 
tredh 426 
tremb 425 
tul 428 

théni 138, 180 
theri 138, 180 
thi 389 

ujě 451 
ujk 473 
usht 436 

vang 447 
vej 45 1 
vesh 30 
vic 459 
vit 460 
vjedh 452 
vjehěrr 393 

zi 229 
zorrě 127 
zverk 395 
zvjerdh 456 



Syrapus 389 



Illyrian 



Teutana 422 
Teútoi 423 



ana 20 

fipévSov 55 
Ppévnov 55 
brunda 55 
púpiov 65 



Messapic 

Menzana 259 
tnuta 396 



Venetic 



ahsu 21 

sselboi sselboi 323 



veina 330 
voltixnos 393 



Latin 



ab 1 
acer 4 
acernus 5 



aciěs 3 
aculeus 5 
acus 4 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



653 



ad 26 
adferó 4 1 
aemulus 82 
aes 1 1 
aesculus 7 
aeuus 1 1 
age 1 1 
ager 1 2 
agitó 1 1 
agna 3 
agnus 4 
ago 1 1 
ala 5 
albus 1 3 
alcěs 1 4 
alius 1 5 
alnus 1 5 
alo 12 
altus 1 3 
amárus 1 7 
ambactus 1 8 
ambo 52 
anas 2 1 
ancrae 1 9 
angiportus 1 9 
Anglii 19 
angor 1 9 
angulus 20 
angustus 1 9 
animus 1 7 
anna 20 
annus 28 
ansa 20 
anser 126 
antae 1 8 
aper 82 
aperio 449 
aqua 5 
ára 31 

aratrum 23, 25 
arcus 23 
ardea 25 
armus 24 
aro 23 
artus 23 
ascia 1 2 
asellus 25 
asinus 25 
atta 27 
augeó 29 
aurís 30 
auróra 30 
auster 30 
auus 3 1 
axis 5 



badius 291 
barba 36 
biber 44 
biennium 28 
bimus 1 34 
bim 414 
bis 414 
bos 220 
brevis 276 
bubulcus 292 
buttis 293 

caecus 1 5 1 
caenum 197 
caleč 156 
caló 1 56 
campus 1 58 
canis 193 
canna 210 
cannabis 159 
canó 161 
cánus 1 64 
caper 1 48 
capio 1 49 
captió 1 49 
captus 1 49 
caput 148 
carpó 161—162 
carro 339 
cárus 182 
catillus 2 1 1 
catulus 148-149 
caueo 167, 337 
caupó 2 1 1 
caupónari 211 
caurus 347 
celo 168 
centům 1 93 
centuria 1 93 
cerebrum 1 70 
citrá 172 
cTuis 173 
clamo 175 
clámo 178 
clepo 175 
clingó 175 
clTno 1 7 7 
clluus 174 
clunis 1 75 
duo 178 
collis 156, 192 
collus 157 
columen 191 
comestor 158 
communis 255 
cómueó 1 80 



654 



INDICES 



coniux 207 
conuexus 447 
cor 170 
corbis 1 63 
cornu 1 95 
corpus 1 85 
corulus 1 64 
coxa 150 
cratis 1 94 
creó 403 
críbrum 187 
crmis 1 88 
cruor 1 85 
crusta 1 90 
crux 1 89 
cudó 167 
culmus 156 
cůnctor 160 
cůpa 1 96 
cur 198 
cutis 1 96 

damnum 398 
dč 434 
decem 404 
decet 403 
dčfendó 146 
dčns 412 
dčnsus 40 1 
deus 408 
díco 407 
do 408 
dolus 400, 406 
domó 40 1 
dónec 408 
duco 405 
duo 415 
duplus 4 1 4 

edó 86 
ego 83 
eo 83 
equus 83 
erro 86 
eruum 25 
est 86 
et 82 
explóró 108 

faber 66 
facio 73 
fagus 52 
fallo 81 
far 36 
fan 36 
farma 37 
faueo 129 



fel 124 
FennT 103 
fěriae 69 
feró 41 
fěsiae 69 
uber 40 
fibra 40 
fído 46 
fflius 70 
findo 46 
fingó 72 
fió 44 
flagró 47 
flagrum 47 
fiavus 49 
fleo 49 
flo 49-50 
follis 34 
foris 80 
forus 37 
fragor 54 
fragró 37 
frangó 55 
fráter 57 
fráxinus 43 
fremó 55 
frendó 141 
fretum 5 7 
fróns 54 
fucus 46 
fuT 44 
fulica 34 
fulló 62 
fundó 1 33 
fundus 6 1 
fuscinula 5 
fuscus 80 

gabalus 1 2 1 
galba 212 
gelů 208 
gena 212 
genius 224 
gěns 212 
genu 218 
genus 224 
gibbus 208 
glaber 1 35 
glěsum 1 35 
glóció 173 
glubó 216 
gnáuus 2 1 8 
Graecus 221 
grámen 140 
granum 225 
grémium 221 
grumus 222 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



655 



gurgito 228 
gustare 226 

gustus 226 
Gutones 147 
guttur 222 

habeo 1 30 
haedíhus 123 
haedus 123 
hasta 129 
haurio 30 
heluus 124, 131 
hen 132 
hesternus 133 
hiems 139 
hio 134 
holcas 191 
homó 146 
hordeum 132, 147 
horior 1 32 
hostíš 127 
humilis 1 25 
humulus 1 92 
HunnT 196 



leuis 240 
lěvir 399 
liber 237, 249 
líben 112 
ligo 247 
límus 233, 351 
linea 248 
lingó 246 
lingua 412 
linquó 247 
linum 248 
lira 233 
hueo 349 
longaevus 235 
longus 235 
lubet 238, 249 
lucus 238 
ludó 246 
lumbus 235 
lumen 242 
luna 242 
luó 251 
lupus 473 
lux 238 



ieiunium 94 
Tgnotus 224 
in 84 

inclutus 178 
Inferus 434 
inguen 84 
Tnseque 3 1 1 
Tnstauro 373 
Tnstigo 374 
inter 434 
internus 435 
intra 418 
intus 84 
is 203 
istud 418 
iterum 203 
iugis 1 1 
iugó 207 
iugum 207 
iuniperus 205 
iuuencus 207 
iuuenta 207 

labium 241 
lacus 231 
lambó 236 
lana 474 
langueo 234, 349 
lascluus 237 
lauo 238, 240 
kus 243 
lentus 241 



macer 253 
madeó 263 
magnus 266 
malígnus 393 
malus 263 
malus 353 
mango 259 
manus 260, 275 
marceó 261 
maře 261 
margo 262 
mater 273 
meditor 268 
medius 264 
medulla 265 
meio 272 
mel 266 
memim 259 
memor 271 
mentum 276 
merala 1 7, 354 
minor 273 
minuo 271 
misceó 272 
misericordia 24 
misericors 24 
mollis 258 
molo 257 
moneo 259 
momle 260 
mortarium 277 
mortuus 277 



65 b 



INDICES 



mótus 273 
moueó 273 
mucus 278 
mulgeó 266 
munus 255 
murus 255 
mus 278 
muscus 277 
mu to 272-273 

násum 281 
natrix 279 
náuis 289 
ně 285 
nebula 283 
neó 286, 358 
nepós 283 
neptis 283 
neruus 359 
m 289 
mdor 180 
nidus 287 
nix 355 
nodus 282, 289 
nón 283 
Northwegia 289 
nos 460 
nouus 284 
nouem 285 
nox 280 
nudus 280 
numerus 307 
nuó 285 
nurus 359 
nux 181 

obscurus 347 
obstaculum 373 
obstipus 378 
octó 5 
ódi 27 
ódr 27 
ollus 1 3 
opus 290 
orbus 22 
orior 85, 302 
os 290 
otium 30 
ovis 3 1 

págánus 1 54 
palma 118 
palus 292 
pandus 92 
pango 92, 109 
pannus 92 
pápilió 98 



paseč 1 1 
pateó 96 
pater 88 
patruus 88 
paucus 96 
paullus 96 
pectó 96 
peců 97 
peda 101 
pědis 1 1 
pědo 101 
pellihus 97 
pellis 97 
pendó 1 9 1 
penis 94 
penus 99 
perná 101 
pěs 110 
pícus 365 
pirum 40 
piscis 1 03 
piscor 1 03 
placeo 1 04 
plaga 105 
plango 105, 108 
plilnus 1 08 
plectó 1 06 
plico 1 06 
plus 104 
pluteus 108 
póns 99 
por 119 
porca 1 20 
porcus 93 
porrum 293 
portus 1 1 9 
poscó 1 1 3 
potis 88 
praecello 155 
prehendo 1 33 
primus 1 1 6 
proprius 1 1 4 
prouerbium 475 
pruína 113 
pus 121 
puteó 116, 121 

quártus 96 
quattuor 96 
que 434 
quercus 100, 120 
queror 201 
qm 201 
quiěs 201 
quinque 98 
quod 199 
quor 198 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



657 



radlx 473 
rapió 294, 307 
rápum 306 
ratió 298 
ratum 1 93 
rávus 142 
recčns 1 69 
reciprocus 1 1 9 
rěctus 301 
regó 30 1 
renouáre 285 
rěpo 300 
rigó 300 
ripa 306 
rodó 473 
rogus 296 
Róma 310 
rota 298 
ruber 308 
ruběre 307 
rfldó 303 
rufus 299 
rumpó 303 
runco 308-309 
ruo 309 
rus 309 

saccus 3 1 5 
saeta 3 1 2 
saeuus 3 1 3—3 1 4 
ságió 314, 360 
sál 316 
salio 323 
salitus 323 
salix 315 
salló 316 
sánus 360 
sapa 3 1 9 
sapió 3 1 1 
sarica 319 
satis 310 
saxum 3 1 2 
scabo 334 
scápus 331 
scelus 338 
scindo 342 
sclpió 34 1 
scortum 335 
scribó 344 
scrupus 345 
scutum 336 
secó 3 1 1 
sedeó 325 
sella 326 
sčmen 328 
sčmi 328 
senex 324 



sentio 325 
sequor 323 
sčrius 396 
seró 327 
sérum 392 
seruč 319 
sessus 325 
sětius 329-330 
sex 322 
sextus 323 
siat 330 
sibilus 393 
sileó 328 
similis 324 
simplus 9 1 
sinister 455 
sinistus 324 
sino 329 
sistó 377 
socer 393 
socius 3 1 2 
socrus 393 
sol 361, 387 
sohim 389 
somnus 392 
sono 391 
sons 319 
sonus 391 
sopió 389 
sopor 392 
sorděre 392 
sorděs 392 
soror 395 
sparus 364 
speció 363 
sperno 367 
spTcus 365 
spuma 90 
spuo 365 
sputum 368 
stamen 379 
statím 369 
status 368, 372 
stěUa 376 
stercus 425 
stilus 378 
stinguó 375 
štípo 378 
stiria 378 
striga 38 1 
strigó 38 1 
stringo 380, 382 
struó 381 
studeó 373 
stupeo 384 
sturnus 375 
suáuis 398 



633 



sudor 390 
sumo 70 
sugó 388 
sulnus 397 
šunt 458 
suó 329 
supó 389 
sutus 388 
suus 396 

taceo 4 1 5 
tango 400 
taurus 423 
tellus 420 
tčlum 419 
teneo 4 1 6 
tentus 420 
tepeó 418 
tero 426 
terreó 425 
tertius 427 
texó 419 
textilis 419 
toga 415 
tongeó 4 1 6 
tóno 429 
torpeó 42 1 
torqueó 432 
torreo 417, 422 
torrus 430 
tótus 1 3 
trabs 426 
tractus 74 
trahó 424 
trčs 425 
tristis 427 
trudó 426, 428 
tu 428 
tuber 431 
tubrucus 423 
tumor 431 
turdus 425 
turma 427 

uado 438 
uadum 438 
uae 440 
ualgus 444 
uallus 445 
uanus 446 
uarus 457 
uas 438 
uástus 470 
uatěs 469 



INDICES 




uatrax 45 1 




uber 28 




uber 436 




-ue 199 




uegeó 442 




uehó 452 




uelló 454 




uenia 475 




uenió 227 




uentus 454 




uenus 446, 455, 461, 475 


uěr 461 




uerbum 475 




uereor 447 




uermis 476 




uertó 457 




uěrus 46 1 




uěscor 458 




uespa 438 




uestis 45 1 




uibró 467 




uideo 441, 464 




uidua 462 




tueo 441 




uiěscó 467 




míla 466 




uinco 465 




mnum 467 




uir 253, 463 




uirga 463 




uirus 44 1 




uis 253 




uitis 468 




umerra 7 




uímis 230 




ulmus 83 




ulna 1 4 




umbilTcus 279 




umerus 1 7 




uncus 1 9 




unda 435 




unguen 20 




unguis 279 




unguo 20 




ůnicus 8 




ůnus 9 




uolo 453 




uomis 439 




uoro 228 




nox 440 




urgeó 476 




ůró 436 




uultus 474 





OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



659 



Other Itálie Languages 



aasaí, Ose 31 
adeis, Ose 165 
aisos, Marnic 1 1 
akeneí, Ose 28 
anter, Ose 21 
ak, Umbr 26 
az, Ose 26 

dupla, Umbr 414 

esono-, Umbr 1 1 

far, Umbr 36 
far, Ose 36 
fesnafe, Umbr 69 
furfant, Umbr 63 
futír, Ose 78 

kletram, Umbr 177 



mais, Ose 257 

nertru, Umbr 289 

perné, Umbr 100 
pir, Umbr 121 
promom, Umbr 1 1 1 
pútúrúspíd, Ose 199 

stakaz, Umbr 369 

touto, Ose 423 
trííbúm, Ose 426 
tutas, Umbr 423 

u t u r, Umbr 451 
ueiro, Umbr 463 
uměn, Umbr 20 



donna 261 
donnola 261 

mariscalco 261 



Italian 

stufa 382 
zappo 2 1 3 



aliso 1 5 
a;anso 126 



Spanish 



marta 261 



tureci 423 



Rumanian 

tap 213, 340 



Gaulish 



alios 1 5 
ambi 434 
anam 92 
avallo 21 

peXévíov 41 
braca 5 7 
briva 58 

cnos 393 



Dexsiva Dea 404 
Aoúvov 413 

eti 82 

geisdus 135 

isarnodori 204 

lautro 239 



Gen 



INDICES 



medio 264 
venT|xov 284 
Orbius 23 
rčda 295 



sedlon 326 

Toutonos 422 
tri 220 



agit 1 1 

bronn 58 

coit 1 54 
coll 164 

din 413 
dub 80 



Old Welsh 

gint 212 
ocet 3 
peterin 102 
rit 119 
treb 426 



addiad 204 
afr 1 

amaeth 1 8 

athraw 1 4 

ballu 227 
bar 38 
bedd 32 
bedw 227 
béla 41 
bera 42 
berth 42 
blawd 50 
blawr 49 
blith 267 
blydd 258 
both 227 
brefu 55 
brwynen 58 
bwch 6 1 
bwlch 292 
byd 230 
bydaf 46 

cae 150 
caeth 1 49 
caseg 160 
ceinach 1 64 
celli 192 
chwegr 393 
člun 175 
clyd 156 
clywed 178 



Middle and Modem Welsh 

coel 1 5 1 

coll 168 

cryd 188 

cwd 196 

darn 413 
deigr 399 
derwen 409 
dol 67 
dor 80 
dwnn 80 
dygaf 405 

ebil 5 
echel 5 
elin 14 
erw 86 
etem 95 

ffraeth 366 
frau 363 

galw 209 
garan 220 
garm 210 
glan 135 
gogof 1 94 
gro 141 
gwřr 461 
gwawd 469 
gwayw 123 
gweli 443 
gwer 450 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



60 1 



gwerth 458 
gwest 459 
gwlan 474 
gwr 463 
gwraidd 476 
gwridd 473 
gwst 133 
gwydd 462 
gwyllt 454 
gwynt 454 
gwysd 1 35 
gwyw 467 

had 327 
haf 386 
haiarn 204 
hanner 386 
haul 361 
hebrwng 55 
hebu 311 
hidl 327 
hoed 313 
hud 313 
hut 313 
hwch 385 
hynt 325 

iaith 205 
iau 207 
iawn 82 
ieuanc 207 

kelyn 178 

Uaid 231 
Uawr 108 
Uedr 241 
lleithen 267 

machteidi 253 
mant 276 
march 261 
megin 253 
mellen 266 
merw 277 
mordwy 378 
mwy 257 



mwyalch 17, 354 
mwydí 278 

neidr 279 
neithiwyr 1 32 
nos 280 
nwyd 289 

ol 117 

pair 200 
pan 198 
pas 202 
perdi 120 
pinč 1 03 
prys 195 

rhid 306 
rhif 305 
rhin 310 
riiiw 306 
rhuch(en) 308 
rhwydd 295 
rhwydd-hau 305 
rhých 120 
rhydd 114 

sedd 325 
seren 376 
serth 375 

tank 429 
tro 424 
troeth 425 
trychu 427 
tud 423 
tyfu 431 

udd 28 

wy 1 1 

ych 433 
ychen 434 
ymwan 474 
ysgogi 332 
ysgryd 344 
ywen 203 



Breton 



a olguo 1 1 7 
ahel 5 
azr 279 



bed 230 
béz 32 
bouc'h 61 
broennenn 5£ 
bronn 58 



662 



INDICES 



carrec 1 64 
coet 154 

effen 82 
er 25 
eru 86 

frilo 363 

garan 220 
garm 210 
goaff 123 
goestl 1 35 
guohi 438 
gwiber 7 
gwiniz 197 

had 327 
hent 325 
heol 361 
heulia 117 



houarn 204 
houc'h 385 

ilin 14 
ivin 203 

koU 168 

lagad 249 
lezr 241 

mao 253 

ol 117 
ozac'h 28 

rin 310 
run 296 

skant 338 

treb 426 



Old Cornish 



bal 34 
blodon 50 
brunnen 58 

caid 149 
cassec 160 
cuit 154 



guistel 135 

heuul 36 1 
hiuin 203 
hoern 204 

mahtheid 253 



elin 



Cornish 



bar 38 
bedh 32 
boch 61 

celli 192 

erw 86 

garan 220 
garm 210 

gew 123 
góly 443 
gwyls 454 



has 327 
hoch 385 

maw 253 

ňader 279 

ol 117 
pér 200 

ymwanas 474 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



GG3 



Old Irish 



á 290 
ad 26 
adágathar 3 
adbond 43 
adferta 457 
áed 6 
aicher 4 
aile 1 5 
ainmm n 280 
aircomfed 45 1 
aiss 5 
aith 28 
alim 12 
altae 1 6 
altram 1 4 
altru 1 4 
andracht 413 
anim 1 7 
aradiar 25 
arsaid 113 
asagú 2 1 3 
atbaill 227 
athir 88 
attáu 377 
áu 30 

bágaid 44 
balí 34 
barr 38 
bech 46 
ben 228 
berid 41 
béu 230 
bith 230 
-biu 44 
blár 49 
bó 220 
bodb 32 
borb 37 
both 65 
bráth(a)ir 57 
bredi 63 
brí 42, 63 
brissim 56 
brú 60 
bruinne 58 
bruth 59 
buide 291 

caech 151 
camm 158 
can 198 
canim 161 
caraim 182 



cass 167 
cath 1 65 
celid 168 
cét 193 
cethir 96 
clóen 1 74 
clú 176 
clúas 176 
cluas 178 
cnáim 158 
coair 447 
cóic 98 
cóicer 99 
cóim 152 
coire 200 
coll 164, 168 
coss 150 
cotécim 42 1 
críathar 187 
cride 170 
crith 188 
cró 188 
cú 193 
cúan 147 
cúar 166 
cucht 150 
cul 347 

daU 81 
dega 407 
deich n 404 
deil 70 
dem 70 
dér 399 
derg 7 1 
dess 404 
dét 401, 412 
dí 434 
díabul 414 
dinged 79 
dínim 72 
dliged 78 
dligim 7 8 
doformaig 252 
domain 7 1 
drab 73 
drútfa 78,411 
dub 80 
dun 413 

ech 83 
ed 101 
éim 1 03 
éo 203 



664 



INDICES 



err 25 
éter 434 

fáith 469 
fás 470 
fedb 462 
feis 458-459 
féiss 459 
féith 468 
fel 433 
fén 439 
fer 463 
ferr 457 
fert 476 
fiar 467 
fich 465 
fichim 465 
fid 462 
fine 455, 461 
fír 461 
fo 432 
folc 474 
folt 445 
forim 297 
fuil 443 

gabul 121 
gaé 123 
gaibid 130 
gaim 139 
gairm 2 1 
géiss 1 26 
gelid 212 
gell 135 
gíall 135 
gin 212 
glan 135 
glas 135 
glé 136 
glenaid 216 
gnáth 224 
gnobh 219 
gonim 1 46 
grán 225 
gúal 223 
gur 1 46 
guss 226 
girth 145 

íarn 204 
íasc 1 03 
iath 103 
imb 20, 434 
imbliu 279 
immrádaim 303 
in 84 



inathar 87 
ingen 279 
inglennat 1 36 
ingnad 224 
is 86 
ith 86 

laigiu 241 
lám 118 
lán 118 
land 235 
lár 108 
legaim 240 
leigim 247 
lethar 241 
li 349 
liaig 244 
ligim 246 
líim 244 
liuss 233 
ló 108 
lóaťhar 239 
loch 231 
locht 232 
luaidid 107 
lúath 107 
luib 237, 249 

mael 254 
maidim 263 
maige 266 
már 270 
marc 261 
matan 263 
máthir 273 
mang 253 
médal 268 
meirb 262, 277 
melim 257 
menb 271 
menic(c) 259 
mescaim 272 
mí 270 
mid 265 
mide 264 
midiur 268 
mil 266 
mil 270 
mocht 278 
móin 255 
moirb 264, 268 
mong 260 
mrecht 276 
mniig 262 
muintorc 260 
muir 261 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



lilii 



nathir 279 
nau 289 
necht 283 
néit 284 
nem 283 
nemed 284 
ni 283, 460 
ní 285, 289 
nigid 287 
nocht 280 
noí n 285 
noráidiu 306 
nu 289 
núe 284 



óac 207 
ocht n 5 
óen 9 
óeth 10 
ói 31 
oU 13 
ónnurid 



01 



orb(b)e 22 

raid 306 
recht 301 
rédid 305 
réid 295 
ríad 295 
riathor 306 
ríg 305 
rigim 295, 301 
rím 305 
róe 309 
roen 296 
rodí 298 
rúad 299 
rucht 308 
run 310 

saer 311 
saedi 313 
saidid 325 
sáidim 319 
saigid 314 
saigim 360 
saUlim 316 
sáith 310 
sám 360 
samain 317 
samlidi 324 
samud 3 1 7 
scál 342 
scaraim 338 
scádi 331 
scathaim 336 
scerdid 346 



scert 335 
scíam 341 
scíath 341 
scuchid 337 
sé 322 
seche 3 1 1 
sechtn 321 
selaim 316 
sen 324 
seng 394 
séol 322 
serg 388 
sessed 323 
sét 325 
si 329 
sin 329 
sine 362 
sír 329 
siur 395 
sligim 35 1 
šlím 351 
sliss 365 
sluas 178 
sluccim 352 
smiur 353 
snaighim 356 
snáim 356 
snáthe 358 
socc 385 
-som 317 
srédim 367 
sríab 382 
srúaim 380 
súan 392 
súgim 388 
suide 360 

tál 419 
talam 420 
taman 371 
tar 421 
tarb 423 
té 418 
těch 415 
techt 377 
técht 421 
techtaid 418 
tengae 412 
tét 420 
tíagaim 378 
tiug 419 
toess 318 
tracht 424 
trédenus 408 
trét 381 
tri 425 
tú 428 



6G6 



INDICES 



túath 423 
tur 430 

úan 4 
ubull 21 

ud 437 



uile 16 
uilenn 1 4 
uisce 45 1 
úr 437 
ussarb 375 



Middle Irish 



abor 1 
áel 7 
aig 206 
ailcheng 339 
áin 205 
airim 23 
areo 113 
ás 110 

beithe 227 
benn 291 
bil 45 
bláth 50 
bligim 266 
boce 6 1 
borr 38 
bróc 57 
brúad 60 
búas 293 
buinne 35 

cail 156 
caill 192 
caiss 165 
cassacht 202 
ceallach 1 68 
cerb 335 
cern 200 
cíar 153 



clíath 

clithar 

clocc 



77 

174, 177 

73 

181 



cnaim 
cnú 181 
coire 1 7 1 
colinn 191 
coll 156-157 
comm 193 
corrán 1 62 
cressaim 187 
crí 185 
erim 1 84 
crothaim 1 85 
crú 1 85 
crúach 1 85 
cuire 163 



daig 66 
damnaim 40 1 
deUrad 79 
donn 80 
dorr 405 

éigid 6 
en 92 
erc 93 

fae 440 
feU 466 
find 446 
fóaid 458 
fuili 443 

gass 129 
gat 129 
gnóe 218 
goirt 127 
gúaire 211 
gus 1 33 

icitfa 205 

laigim 240 
laith 231 
lem 83 
lúaide 238 
lug 250 

mlicht 267 
muad 278 

net 287 

orc 93 

ríadaim 305 
ríge 305 
rigin 301 

sab 368 
sail 315 
scingim 334 
serem 344 
serissid 344 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



1507 



seg 322 
ser 376 
sith 330 
slacc 348 
sněd 180 



tescaid 3 1 1 
treb 426 
truid 425 



bolg 33 
crúach 1 89 
dúal 398 



Irish 

fidbocc 43, 61 
snisrid 355, 358 



Lithuanian 



abú 52 
áiškus 1 
áiža 6 
akečios 3 
akis 29 
aldijá 14 
alkas 14 
alksnis 1 5 
alús 1 6 
anás 83 
afit 18 
ántis 2 1 
aíitras 2 1 
apikratai 1 85 
aplamas 234 
apvalús 445 
ardýti 25 
ariú 23 
aržús 23 
asá 20 
ašis 5 
ašnis 3 
aštuoni 5 
átsailé 313 
atsainús 313 
áugu 29 
aulas 29 
aulýs 29 
ausis 30 
aušrá 30 
avis 3 1 

ba 51 
ba 82 
baidyti 32 
balá 292 
balas 44 
báltas 34 
bámba 291, 445 



bandýti 35 
baras 37 
bartá 63 
barů 37 
barzdá 36 
basas 40 
balsas 33 
běbras 40 
béldžiu 62 
bengti 35 
bérnas 37 
bérniškas 37 
béržas 43 
bezdú 1 1 
begu 41 
beras 43 
bilstu 41 
birginti 42 
bité 46 
blákas 47 
blandýti 47 
blandús 48 
blendžiú 47 
blýkšti 49 
blývas 50 
bradiné 438 
bradyti 438 
braukiú 60 
briauná 60, 293 
briáuti 56 
bríedis 55 
bróžti 55 
bruvis 60 
bruzdúklis 59 
budcti 43 
búgti 43 
bůklá 64 
bulis 65 
búožé 62 



668 



INDICES 



bútas 65 
búti 44, 53 
bflvis 65 

dalgis 404 
dabá 66 
dagas 66 
dailýti 67 
danginti 68 
dantis 40 1 
daug 69 
debesis 283 
dedervine 405 
dengiú 79 
dérgiu 71 
deru 405 
dervá 405, 409 
děšinas 404 
dešimtas 403 
děti 73 
dřtis 72 
deviňtas 285 
devyni 285 
didis 400 
diená 408 
diěvas 408 
dieveris 399 
díežti 72 
dirbu 7 1 
dirginti 402 
draňgas 74 
drasús 68 
draůgas 75 
drebú 409 
drimbu 76 
dubús 7 1 
dukte 78 
důlti 81 
dumpiú 68 
dúrys 80 
dvélti 81 
dvýlika 413 

eda 88 
édžia 88 
eimi 83 
émi 86 
éngti 84 
erčlis 25 
esti 86 
eš 83 
ešerýs 4 

gaf das 1 26 
gagů 122 
gailús 122 
garnýs 220 



gaubiú 129 
gaudžiú 129 
galdas 1 34 
geibstú 214 
geidžiú 1 34 
gélá 227 
gémbé 2 1 2 
geriú 228 
g^stú 228 
ginti 294 
girna 228 
gývas 230 
gležtú 216 
gléima 214 
glcbiu 214-215 
glemžti 216 
glinda 138 
glitůs 216 
glodús 1 35 
gludús 217 
gnýbti 218 
gomurys 139 
graudús 1 4 1 
grauzdús 1 44 
grcbiu 139 
grebti 142 
gréndžiu 141 
grelmas 143 
grežiú 221 
griebiú 143 
griejú 143 
grindá 141 
gristi 142 
grúblas 1 44 
grúbti 221 
grubús 1 44 
grůdžiu 142, 222 
grurnbú 1 44 
grumiúos 221 
grúodas 141 
gúdas 147 
guldýti 223 
guodas 1 38 
gíirinti 226 
gurklýs 228 
gúrti 229 
gumbas 1 46 

íesmé 7 
íeškau 9 
ievá 203 
iňt 434 
iriú 306 
jsckti 311 

jaú 207 
jáura 437 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



bG9 



jis 203 


, 205 


judu 208 
júngas 207 
jus 208 


kařbas 


163 


kampas 
káimas 


158 

152 


kaipstú 
kaistú 


151 
154 


kaukas 


165-166 


kálnas 


156 


kaupas 

kamblýs 

kaňká 


166 

158 
160, 194 


kárias 


163 


karšiú 


339 


kárštu 


1 95 


kartús 


1 62 


kás 199 


kasá 167 


katrás 


199 


kaubre 


171 


káuju 
káušas 


167 
167 


kal 199 


keřdžius 


170 


kélmas 


168 


kéngé 


339 


kenklc 


160 


kenkras 


194 


kermúšé 


: 184 


keturi 


96 


ketviřtaí 


i 96 


kinka 


160 


kliuvů 
kliudaů 


176 
176 


klóti 175 


knabóti 


179 


kneibiú 


180 


kniáubtis 1 80 


knibtí 


180 


kósiu '. 


?02 


kosulýs 

kuštú 

kraipaíi 

kraújas 

kramas 


202 
190 
183 
185 
344 


krangú 


184 


kraňtas 


185 


kráuju 

kraupůs 

krečiú 


186 

186 
185-186 


kregetí 


187 


krěpšas 186 
krešciuóti 1 86 


krelvas 


183 



krušú 1 86 
kula 166 
kúmsté 1 1 8 
kúnas 196 
kúopa 1 8 1 
kuprá 1 90 
kuř 198 
kuriú 1 95 
kutýs 196 
kvápas 1 98 

láigyti 233 
lakté 232 
laúkas 238 
lamyti 234 
laňkas 236 
lašis 232 
láužiu 252 
lávyti 239 
lokti 231 
léngstu 240 
lefigvas 241 
lenkiú 236 
lentá 240 
lefitas 241 
liůdé 238 
liáudis 242 
líebas 243 
liekú 247 
liežiú 246 
liežúvis 412 
lýgus 247 
lytús 249 
limpu 245, 247 
lysé 233 
lizdas 287 
lópa 249 
lúgnas 250, 252 
lugóti 242, 250 
lúoba 237 
lúosas 236 
lúpti 251 
lupu 250 
lúšis 250 

mageti 252 
mákas 253 
maldá 258 
malú 257 
mandrús 276 
márgas 268 
marka 261 
marti 261 
maudžiú 264 
máuju 273 
malnas 255 
maišas 256 



670 



INDICES 



mazgas 262 
melsti 258 
mědis 264-465 
medus 265 
melmuo 267 
mélžiu 266 
menu 259 
merkiú 261 
mérkiu 276 
menuo 270 
mežú 272 
miěšti 272 
miětas 254 
miglá 271 
miltai 275 
min tis 275 
mifšti 262 
móté 273 
mukiíi 278 
muse 278 

nařvas 281 
nágas 279 
naktis 280 
naujas 284 
narys 281 
naudá 282 
navas 284 
ně 283 
nčbesis 286 
ntgandas 126 
něgi 283 
neptó 283 
nepuotis 283 
nešú 279 
nel 289 
níedéti 280 
nósis 281 
nové 283 
nu 289 
nud 286 
nuógas 280 

obuolýs 2 1 
otrůs 87 

palvas 9 1 
pařšas 93 
pagrindas 1 44 
pálšas 9 1 
parama 297 
pasáka 311 
pastolas 379 
pašlitas 1 7 7 
páts 88 
palkas 90 
pažintas 224 



pažintis 224 
pédá 101 
pedas 95, 103 
pčkus 97 
pěnas 99 
penki 98 
pérdžiu 1 1 
perkúnas 99—100 
peršú 1 1 3 
pešú 96 
piemčné 90 
piemuo 90 
piešiú 1 03 
pilnas 118 
pinti 1 1 9 
pinú 364 
pirmas 116 
plúkiu 292 
plůstu 107 
plautas 1 08 
platůs 292 
pláuju 1 06 
pláukas 1 08 
plaukiú 1 06 
plýnas 107 
plyšá 107 
plýšti 107 
plókščias 105 
plóti 108 
pranókti 286 
prantú 1 1 5 
prašýti 111 
pražangá 1 26 
protas 1 1 5 
púolu 91, 109 
puošti 1 09 
puvíi 1 2 1 

raidús 295 
ráišas 470 
ráižytis 295 
rakas 294 
raúdas 299 
rambús 308 
rangús 302 
ranka 159 
ratas 298 
raudá 299, 303 
ráuju 309 
raumuo 303 
raupiú 298 
réižti 295 
réižu 295 
remiú 297 
rengiú 472 
renkú 159 
repiu 294, 307 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



671 



remti 302 
r^žiu 301 
r?žti 297 
riečiú 473 
riedú 305 
riěktí 295 
ríešas 472 
ripá 304 
ródyti 303, 306 
rópé 306 
rová 307 
rugys 308 
rakti 303 
rumbas 308 
rumpú 303 
runkú 309 
rústas 309 
ruzginti 309 

sálá 315 
saldús 3 1 6 
saůsas 320 
sálti 323 
santj. 319 
sapnas 392 
sáugoti 326 
sáulé 361 
salkas 312 
saltas 312 
seků 311,323 
semiú 3 1 8 
sěnas 324 
septintas 321 
septyni 321 
sérgiu 375 
sergú 388 
sesuo 395 
sedu 325 
seju 327 
sekla 327 
scmenys 328 
-si 329 
siaučiú 326 
sidabras 328 
síekiu 3 1 2 
siěti 330 
sykis 330 
sifgti 326 
siuvú 329 
skurá 347 
skestú 334 
skaidrús 151 
skaitýti 332 
skala 333 
skaláuju 348 
skalbiú 348 
skambú 334 



skapiu 330 
skará 335 
skeřsas 171 
skeliú 332, 338 
skérdžiu 346 
skiaure 346 
skybas 331 
skiĚbti 340 
skíedžiu 342 
skiltis 337 
skiriú 338 
skirti 338 
skrembú 344 
skrentú 344 
skriedžiú 344 
skumbú 339 
skundú 345 
slabnas 350 
slambú 349 
slenkú 350 
slcgiu 349 
slýstu 35 1 
smágenés 264 
smagiú 353 
smagús 353 
smáugiu 354 
smirdžiu 353 
smulkús 353 
smunkú 354 
snaigýti 356 
snáké 357 
snapas 355 
sniěgas 355 
sniěgas drimba 76 
snigti 358 
sótis 360 
sotús 3 1 
spurii 367 
spáudžiu 364 
spalné 90 
spenýs 362 
spéndžiu 364 
speju 364 
spenis 1 02 
spěti 102 
spiáunu 365 
spilgstú 363 
spiriú 367 
sprústu 366 
sprageti 362 
spragú 362, 366 
spráusti 366 
sprengiú 366 
spurgas 366 
sraumuo 380 
stem 372 
stabaras 368 



672 



INDICES 



stabas 368, 372 
stačias 379 
stagaras 370 
staklés 373 
stambas 371 
statýti 373 
status 372 
steigiu 378 
stelgiú 374 
stembstú 371 
sténgiu 374 
stenů 374 
stimpú 378 
styrti 378 
stógas 4 1 5 
stóju 377 
stomuo 379 
stóras 379 
stová 380 
stoveti 379 
stóviu 379 
strélá 381 
strazdas 425 
strampas 380 
strúbas 381 
stúburas 382 
stúkis 383 
styrii 378 
sula 320, 385 
sunús 388 
sůras 389 
svagiu 397 
svaigiú 389, 397 
sveriú 396 
svíegiu 466 
sv[lú 393 

šarmá 1 63 
šarmuo 163 
šáuju 340 
šckas 172 
šclú 172 
šemas 214 
šeřkšnas 171 
šelbtis 168 
šelmuo 324 
šelpiú 1 68 
šeiys 172 
šešelis 1 68 
šeši 322 
šěštas 323 
šěšuras 393 
šiauiys 347 
šylú 156 
šiiíitas 193 
širdis 170 



šis 172 
šlainús 174 
šlakas 348 
šlamu 175 
šlaunis 175 
šlelvas 174 
šlienú 1 7 7 
šlumbu 175 
šlúoju 178 
šoku 1 60 
šuo 1 93 
švefitas 1 94 
šviečiú 201 

tauras 423 
tamsá 420 
tánkus 42 1 
tapau 4 1 5 
tarpá 417 
tarpstú 4 1 7 
tašau 419 
taupýti 422 
tautá 423 
tekůnas 418 
témsta 420 
tenkú 418, 421 
tepů 415 
tesiú 421 
tylu 428 
tingůs 428 
tinstu 416 
tirpstú 421 
trankús 424 
trapineti 424 
tremti 425 
trččias 427 
tremiú 425 
trenkiú 426 
trešiú 425 
tresku 426 
trestu 424 
tríedžiu 76 
trinú 426 
trys 425 
trobá 426 
trótinti 427 
trotyti 427 
trůkstu 427 
truniú 425 
tú 428 
túkštantis 431 
tulis 428 
tumeti 43 1 
ruomel 270 
tupiú 428 
tvenkiú 432 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



673 



údra 436 
úkanas 459 
ungurys 1 9 
usnis 436 

vafdas 475 

vařgas 448 

vařmas 476 

vábalas 45 1 

vadas 438 

vagis 439 

vaipýtis 440 

vairús 467 

valýti 444 

váltis 445 

vanagas 446 

vanduo 435, 451 

vapsá 438 

varas 449 

vasara 46 1 

vaškas 439 

vaT 440 

veřsti 457 

vědu 459 

veikiú 465 

velkti 465 

velsti 1 3 

vejú 441 

véldu 443 

veliú 453 

velmi 453 

véngiu 455 

verčiú 457 

vérdu 449 

veriú 449 

verpiú 476 

veržiú 456, 471, 476 

vésá 462 

véveris 7 

vežú 452 

vflkas 473 



vidús 


465 


vičkas 


440, 466 


víenas 


205 


vienuólika 8 


viepiú 


440 


vilgau 


453, 474 


viliú 


466 


vylius 


466 


vilna 


474 


viras 


457 


výras 


463 


virbu 


457 


viršús 


457 


visas 


13 


výstu 


467 


vytis 


464, 468 


žábas 


208 


žágas 


208 


žaizdá 


123 


žala 


124 


žalgá 


124 


žálias 


124 


žambas 209 


žarná 


127 


žavcti 


128 


žěsis 


126 


žébiú 


219 


želtas 


145 


želvas 


131 


želpúo 


ti 131 


žeňgtí 


125 


žiáuna 


211 


žýdžiu 


214 


žiemá 


139 


žinótí 


210, 218 


žióju 


134 


žirnis 


225 


žmuo 


146 


žniungú 2 1 9 



Latvian 



apse 26 
apvirde 450 
asars 4 
asns 3 
ass 5 
átrs 87 
Auře 29 
austrá 30 
aúgt 29 



barhba 291 
bargs 37 
berns 37 
biezs 41, 62 
blěju 49 
blaks 47 
blidu 47 
bruodinš 54 
bruóds 54 



bála 292 
bamba 445 



da 408 
dařva 405 



674 



INDICES 



dedere 405 
diena 408 
dirst 413 

galds 1 25 
gails 122 
gauri 2 1 1 
gibstu 208 
glaima 135, 214 
glendět 136 
glist 216 
gnlda 138 
grauds 1 4 1 
grubulis 1 44 
gubt 224 
gúods 1 38 
gúovs 220 
gurt 229 

ístri 84 

jáu 207 

kalns 156 
kálst 155 
kámpju 1 49 
kars 182 
káuns 166 
klút 1 76 
knidět 181 
knudďt 180 
kúdit 201 
kunis 1 96 

lasis 232 
láuska 243 
lekt 231 
llgt 247 
luobs 237 
lupa 251 

márks 261 
milná 266 
mitét 273 

naba 279 
nakt 286 
náúda 282 
náve 283 

pálss 9 1 
pasainis 329 
péda 95, 103 
pcjrns 100 
plakt 104 
plauts 108 



plůstu 107 
pluts 109 
prast 1 1 5 
práts 1 1 5 
pult 91, 109 

radš 300 

raids 295 

raks 294 

ripa 304 

salms 156 
saúle 361 
sars 172 
seja 341 
sejs 341 
sěrns 171 
sidrabs 328 
siet 313 
siěva 173 
sievs 3 1 3—3 1 4 
skarbs 335 
skrabt 344 
skraustét 22 1 
slains 1 74 
slips 351 
slubit 175 
smadzenes 264 
smaugs 353 
smaule 278 
smíte 353 
snáte 358 
smgt 358 
sniegs 355 
spile 365 
spurstu 367 
státis 379 
stups 384 
sturs 385 
staiga 369 
stávs 380 
stiga 377-378 
strangs 380 
stráume 380 
strumps 382 
stuburs 382 
stuomitiěs 370 
stúte 382 
sula 320 
svins 397 
svars 396 
sviědri 390 
slga 330 

škijps 331 
škěrpět 339 
šlfibit 340 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



675 



škjbs 331 
šl^idrs 340 

táuta 423 
taupit 422 
teteris 422 

uols 443 

valgans 474 
valgs 444, 474 
valnis 444 
vargs 448 



velgans 474 
velgs 453 
vepris 82, 94 
vert 448 
véru 447 
V£s<;ls 458 
viěbt 467 

zarna 127 
zčiju 214 
zělts 145 
ziet 125 
zuobs 209 



Old Prussian 



abse 26 
ains 9 
aketes 3 
alu 16 
anctan 20 
ane 20 
angurgis 1 9 
ansis 20 
antars 2 1 
assanis 3 1 
auklipts 175 
auláut 245 
au-pallai 9 1 . 
auskičndlai 334 
awis 3 1 
ayculo 203 

balsinis 33 
bebrus 40 
berse 43 
biátwei 45 
biUit 41 
brati 57 
braydis 55 
broakay 5 7 
buttan 65 

corto 1 94 
craysi 1 88 
cucán 193 

doacke 72 
dragios 74 

emnes 280 
en 84 
enterpo 4 1 7 
et 82 

gallan 227 
gegalis 1 22 



1 19 



genno 228 
girnoywis 228 
gudde 147 

instran 84 
irmo 24 

káaubri 171 
kails 151 
kalmus 1 68 
kan 198 
kargis 163 
kexti 167 
knaistis 138 
krůt 186 

lasasso 232 
lauxnos 242 
layso 234 
lindan 235 

máry 261 
mealde 266 
menins 270 
mensa 267 
menso 268 
moasis 256 
musgeno 264 

nabis 279 
newlnts 285 
nowis 283 
nozy 281 

pannean 92 
panno 119 
pecku 97 
perbandan 35 
Percunis 99 
pintis 99 



(576 



INDICES 



pirmas 116 
pivamaltan 275 

rfpaiti 300 

šalme 1 56 
sasins 164 
schumeno 320 
semen 328 
sirablan 328 
skellánts 332 
spenis 362 
spurglis 363 
stamite 375 
strambo 380 
subs 320 
sulo 320 
swais 396 



talus 420 
tauto 423 
trapt 424 
tresde 425 

wirds 475 
wagnis 439 
waist 441 
walis 445 
wargs 448 
warsus 450 
widdewu 462 
wobse 438 
wolti 445 
wurs 437 



Slavic 



*abltko 21 
*agntj 4 
*agnití si; 4 
*ajtce 1 1 
*az"b 83 

*bajo 51 
*baltka 292 
*bebrt 40 
*bedro 32 
*bel'ati 41 
*behrb 41 
*bergti 42 
*bergi, 42 
*berza 43 
*běditi 32 
*běgti 41 
*běh> 44 
*běsT. 33 
*bidlo 46 
*bilo 45 
*blěďb 47 
*blějo 49 
*bledg 47 
*blesti 48 
*bl'udQ 43 
*bloditi 47 
*bltstati 49 
*bo 51 
*body 32 
*bojati s^ 45 
*boki> 33 
*bol't 34 
*bolzina 33 
*borda 36 



*boríti 37 
*borštno 37 
*borvb 38 
*bost 40 
*boba 445 
*bratrt 5 7 
*br'usti> 56 
*broditi 438 
*brodtnt 438 
*brujatí 56 
*brusiti 60 
*brbsti. 59 
*brbzda 59 
*bry 60 
*brtvt 58 
*buna 40 
*bur'a 64 
*b"bgati 43 
*b"bršěb 64 
^tzt 52 
*bystri> 65 
*byti 44, 53 
*byto 65 
*bběela 46 
*btrdo 63 

*capi> 2 1 3 

*cap-b 340 

*cěliti 152 

*cělt 151 

*čemerb 169 
*čerim > ša 184 
*červikt 1 85 
*čerzt 1 7 1 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



677 



*četvtrťb 96 
*četyri 96 
*či 201 
*čih> 201 
*čubt 336, 346 
*čujg 337 
*čtrta 170 

*daviti 70, 72 
*der(3 405 
*dervěn"b 410 
*dervo 405, 409 
*desirb 404 
*dev ? tn> 285 
*dev?tb 285 
*d<riiti 67 
*dělb 67 
*děti 73 
*děvert 399 
*děža 66 
*děža 67 
*do 408 
*doba 66 
*dobiti 66 
*dobrt 68 
*dobb 66 
*dojiti 72 
*doJQ 67 
*doh» 67 
*dQga 68 
*dQŽiti 68 
*drebiti 75 
*di\gati 75 
*drob-b 73 
*drozďb 425 
*drQgi 74 
*droždža 74 
*dnig'b 75 
*drusati 76 
*dub"b 69 
*dugt 69 
*duxt 71 
*dvig"b 414 
*dvtrt 80 
*dtkti 78 
*dtlg-b 78,411 
*di>va 415 
*dybi> 412 
*dyxt 81 
*dblbti 70 
*dtlb-b 70 
*dtnt 408 
*dtrba 412 
*dtrgati 402 
*dbrm> 413 
*dbrzt 68 
*dbi-zi)k , i> 80 



*elfcxa 1 5 
*esení> 3 1 
*estt 86 

*ěda 88 
*ědja 88 
*ědmt 86 
*ědro 10, 82 

* f ga 84 
*(;tro 84 

*gaditi 138 
*gajatí 214 
*galiti 139 
*gasiti 228 
*gatati 229 
*glad-bki 135 
*glazi> 2 1 5 
*glěnt 2 1 5 
*glěvb 2 1 5 
*gl ? dětí 136 
*glibati 216 
*globa 214 
*globiti 215 
*ghida 215 
*ghim'b 1 35 
*glupt 137 
*gl"bgati 223 
*glybfc 137 
*gltjt 215 
*gnetQ 218 
*gn(;do 287 
*gnida 138 
*goditi 138 
*godovabjt 145 
*gogolb 122 
*golditi 124 
*goldi> 124 
*golgol-b 209 
*golQbfc 80 
*gols-b 209 
*gol"b 209 
*gomont 125 
*gordt 1 26 
*gostt 127 
*gověti 129 
*gov ? do 220 
*g<jba 1 46 
*gQst 126 
*graniti 1 43 
*grant 143 
*greb(T.)lo 1 39 
*grebQ 139, 142 
*gi\da 1 4 1 
*grobja 139 
*grobt 139 



673 



*gromiti 1 40 
*gronn> 1 39 
*grono 140 
*grozd"b 140 
*grgbT> 144 
*grgdT> 140 
*gnibt 221 
*gruda 141 
*gruša 40 
*gub-b 129 
*gurití se; 226 
*gvozd"b 227 
*gtbnQti 129, 224 
*gtnati 132 
*gtrdlo 228 
*gyďbkb 229 

*xata 196 
*xolděti 209 
*xolkb 332 
*xolpi> 332 
*xolstt 332 
*xoměstorb 158 
*xrustěti 22 1 
*xvorsfb 1 95 
*xtmelL 192 

*i bo 204 
*iskati 9 
*iti 83 
*iva 203 

*jaro 206 
*ji;zykt 412 
*ju 207 
*jb 203 
*jbgla 203 
*jtgo 207 
*jblbm"b 83 
*jtm 5 280 
*jbnogT> 8 
*jbn"b 205 
*jbskra 10 

*kaliti 354 
*kal- 354 
*kan'a 182 
*kašlb 202 
*kavbka 212 
*kladg 175 
*klekotb 173 
*klem, 178 
*kl ? knQti 1 75 
*kobizi 1 48 
*kolda 192 
*kolěti 1 55 



INDICES 




*kolyba 


439 


*komol"b 157 


*komblb 158 


*kopylt 


, 217 


*korbT> 


164 


*korťbkb 162 


*kosa 


167 


*kotort 


199 


*kotbrrb 148 


*kQpi> 


158 


*krada 


188 


*krasiti 


189 


*kras"b 


189 


*kresati 


403 


^rěpikb 1 84 


*kr(jgi> 


185 


*krivb 


183 


*kr'udTj 


186 


*kroma 


344 


*kromiti 1 84 


*krom"L 


. 184 


*krotiti 


183 


*krQt"b 


185 


*krupa 


186 


*krušiti 


186 


*kry 185 


*kryti 


186 


*kubT> 


196 


*kučiti 


166 


*k U JQ 


167 


*kuka 


165-166 


*kupa 


167 


*kurití 


195 


*kydati 


201 


*kyla 


166 


*lagb 


249 


*lapa 


249 


*laska 


237, 459 


*lěsT> 


244 


*lěvití 


245 


*lěxa 


233 


*l ? da 


240 


*l 5 do 


235 


*li;dvbje 235 


*l 5g Q 


240 


*libb 


243 


*ligatí 


247 


*lin'ati 


246 


*litva 


249 


*l'ubití 


238 


Tuta. 


241 


*l'udb 


242 


*1ížq : 


146 


*loky 


231 


*lomiti 


234 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



679 



*lom-b 234 
*lono 236 
*lošt 236 
*lotiti 237 
*lovb 239 
*ločiti 236 
*lokati 236 
*lok-b 236 
*lQti. 240 
♦ložiti 231 
*lubi> 237 
*luct 238 
*luna 242 
*lupiti 251 
*luska 243 
*h,gati 242, 250 
*lyko 38 
*ltgT,kt 241 
*ltpěti 245 
*lbpno 245 
*lyža 352 

*majati 274 
*makb 269 
*mah> 353 
*mati 273 
*mažo 257 
*medja 264 
*medt 265 
*melJQ 257 
*melvo 267 
*melzti 266 
*melztva 267 
*mergt 268 
*měh> 270 
*měna 255 
*měniti 255 
*měsc;cb 270 
*měsiti 272 
*měxt 255 
*mcjga 256 
*m ? so 268 
*mitě 273 
*mižati 272 
*modliti 258 
*modrb 252 
*mogQ 252 
*mogti 252 
*mogťb 254 
*molditi 258 
*molďb 258 
*molb 251, 256, 258 
*mora 262 
*mor'e 261 
*morky 261 
*morvja 268 



*morvb 264 
*mozgarb 262 
*mozg"b 264 
*mgdrb 276 
*mgžb 260 
*muditi 264 
*muxa 278 
*m'bldni 266 
*m"bnog"b 259 
*mT>rky 277 
*m - bx - b 277 
*myčati 278 
*myslt 264 
*myšt 278 
*mtgla 271 
*mblz(3 266 
*mtněti 255 
*mtniti 255 
*mtnJQ 259 
*mbntjb 271 
*mtrČBnT> 276 
*mbrknQti 276 
*mtrtvT> 277 
*mbrva 277 
*mbzda 272 

*na 286 
*nagt 280 
*navt 283 
*ne 283 
*ne bo 283 
*nebo 283 
*nesti 279 
*ně 286 
*ni 289 
*n'uxati 284 
*noga 279 
*nokťt 280 
*nost 281 
*noviti 284 
*novb 284 
*nuditi 282 
*nt 289 
*ny 460 

*oba 52 
*ob"bsi;gati 325 
*obi.sQga 3 1 8 
*odrt 82 
*oko 29 
*olbQdt 13 
*oldbja 14 
*olst 14 
*olt 16 
*on-b 83 
*opakt 2 



680 



*orbiti 22 
*orb-b 22 
*orJQ 23 
*orměn"b 85 
*orm^ 24 
*orbh> 25, 85 
*osa 26, 438 
*osera 4 
*ostb 4 

*OSb 5 

*ott> 28 
*ovbca 31 
*ozd"b 26 

*Qglt 20 
*QgT>rt 1 9 

*QST> 1 7 

*Qty 21 

*QZOStb 1 9 

*Qzi>ki 1 9 

*pad<? 101 
*pa-mi;tb 275 
*paportb 94 
*pariti 1 1 
*pasmcj 95 
*pergyn'a 100 
*pěna 90 
*pětí 318 
*p f stb 119 
*p 5 tb 98 
*plavati 108 
*pletQ 106 
*ploskb 105 
*plovQ 106 
*pluJQ 106 
*polvb 91 
*poli> 91 
*polttL 91 
*ponoivt 281 
*porgt 1 00 
*porm"b 93 
*porsi; 93 
*porxT> 120 
* P Qtb 99 
*pragngti 113 
*pravT> 1 1 2 
*pri;dati 366 
*pi\gti 366 
*prijatelb 114 
*prijati 114 
*prokt 1 1 9 
*prositi 111, 113 
*prosťb 1 1 2 
*pux"b 1 1 7 
*ptlniti 1 1 8 
*ptlm, 118 



INDICES 




*pfclzěti 


117 


*pfcnQ 


119, 364 


*pfcrdět 


i 101 


*pbrQ 


93 


*pbsati 


103 


*pbzdět 


i 101 


*raditi 


303, 306 


*radl> 


307 


*rebro 


300 


*rekti 


294 


*rěnb 


296 


*rěpa 


306 


*rěpbjb 


304 


*ridati 


305 


*rodb 


300 


*rog"b 


195 


*ronití 


297 


*TQbt, 


308 


*ruda 


299 


*ruděti 


307 


*rud"b 


299 


*rupa 


298 


*rtdja 


307 


*rbdrb 


308 


*it>vq 


309 


*n>žb 


308 


*rydati 


303 


*rysb 


250 


*saditi 


319 


*sadja 


360 


*sadl> 


360 


*sedlo 


326 


*sedmb 


321 


*sed"blo 


311 


*selitva 


315 


*selmij 


324 


*selo 


316 


*sern"b 


171 


*sestra 


395 


*sěJQ 


327 


*sěkti 


311 


*sěmij 


328 


*sěmbja 152 


*sěra 


392 


*sěn> 


153, 312 


*sěverb 


347 


*S(jdQ 


325 


*s<;dra 


324 


*S(Jgtí 


325 


*sijati 


341 


*silo 313 


*skala 


333 


*skočiti 


337 


*skoliti 


338 


*skopiti 


330 



OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



681 



*skora 335 
*skrebQ 344 
*skubti 339 
*slahrb 350 
*slovo 176 
*slud"b 349 
*sluxi> 176 
*sltzi.kb 351 
*smaga 354 
*smagati 353 
*směd"b 355 
*smějati S£ 353 
*smuga 354 
*smykati 354 
*smbrděti 353 
*snaditi 357 
*sněgt 355 
*sněžiti 356 
*snovQ 358 
*sn"bxa 359 
*sobb 320 
*sold"bk-b 316 
*solma 156 
*solvt 316 
*solt 316 
*sorgt 388 
*sorm"b 163 
*sQČiti 318 
*sQďb 340 
*SQk"b 1 60 
*sqH> 458 
*spěJQ 364 
*spěti 102 
*sport 362 
*ščirt 342 
*ščiťb 341 
*ščurb 339 
*ščtrb"b 335 
*šestt> 323 
*šestt 322 
*šiti 329 
*stado 379 
*stam-b 379 
*stariti se; 379 
*stan 372 
*start 379 
*stati 377 
*statb 379 
*staviti 379 
*stavt 380 
*stenati 374, 429 
*stergti 375 
*sta;na 369 
*st.;gati 375 
*stignQti 378 
*stoborb 368 
*stolT> 379 



*stopa 372 
*stožen, 370 
*strěla 381 
*strigQ 382 
*strog-b 380 
*strumy 380 
*strbgati 381 
*stBlbt 383 
*sttrbati 375 
*sttza 369, 377-378 
*shjq 340 
*sušiti 320 
*suxt 320 
*svara 391 
*svart 391 
*svekn, 393 
*svekry 393 
*světi> 201 
*sv(,:t-t 194, 394 
*svigati 397 
*svim> 397 
*svqjt 396 
*svorbT) 391 
*svtrbětí 395 
*svtrdtlT> 395 
*s"blnbce 361 
*stnQti 393 
*s"bn-b 392 
*stpati 392 
*s-bto 193 
*syjb 319 
*synt 388 
*sypati 389 
*syrt 389 
*st 172 
*slcq 330 
*sbrdface 170 
*strebro 328 

*tajati 418 
*tepli» 418 
*tepQ 415 
*terti 426 
*tesati 419 
*teslo 419 
*tetervt 422 
*ti;žtkT, 428 
*to 418 
*toliti 428 
*tgča 421 
*tQpi> 415 
*tratiti 427 
*trettjt 427 
*trěsk"b 426 
*trije 425 
*tropa 424 
*tropiti 424 



•trudil 425 
*tryti 425 
*tukt 423 
*tun> 423 
*ttlo 420 
*ttpati 384 
*ty 428 
*tysetja 431 
*ttlo 420 
*ttma 420 
*ttrni 430 
*thTQ 426 
*ttrpěti 421 

*ujb 31 
*ult(jt) 29 
*uxo 30 

*vabiti 470 
*valiti 453 
*vah> 444 
*vebtlica 45 1 
*vedro 452 
*vektt 452 
"Veleti 453 
*veprt 82, 94 
*verdb 450 
*veseh> 458 
*vesna 46 1 
*vezg 452 
*vě 459 
*věxa 441 
*vějati 460 
*věkt 440 
*věra 461 
*věstt 463 
*věverica 7 
*věža 460 
*viděti 464 
*viti 441 
*vitt 464 
*voda 45 1 
*volděti 443 
*volga 453 
*voltb 445 
*vont 1 7 
*vorgh 448 
*vortiti 448 



INDICES 




*vort"b 


448 


*vorb 


449 


*voržiti 


448 


*vosk"b 


439 


*vošěiti 


439 


*voziti 


438 


*Vbn 


84 


*Vbton 


. 21 


*vypL 


436 


*vtdova 462 


*VblgI.li 


;-b 474 


*vtlkodlak"b 463 


*vtlki> 


473 


*vtlna 


474 


*vtrceti 


449 


*vtrQ 


449 


*vtrtJQ 


458 


*vtrxli 


457, 472 


*vtrzQ 


456, 472, 476 


*vtst 


13, 466 


*zěJQ 


134 


*zělt 


122 


*zima 


139 


*znati 


210, 218 


*zobati 


219 


*zolto 


145 


*zolb 


208 


*ZOVQ 


128 


*ZQbl> 


209 


*ztll. 


124 


*zí>rěti 


211 


*zbrno 


225 


*žall 


227 


*želbl. 


145 


*želdQ 


130 


*žena 


228 


*žesťt 


229 


*živott 


230 


*živi. 


230 


*žuna 


211 


*žuriti 


129 


*žuti 


213 


*žtdati 


134 


*ŽBrny 


228 


*žbrg 


228 



NON-INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 



aludi, Grg 16 siika, Finn 330 

áuplu, Etr 393 
ludi, Grg 16 
lunnas, Finn 251
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