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SUPPLEMENT TO
OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM ;
OR,
A SKETCH OF THE OSTEOLOGY
OF BIRDS. —
a0?
or
bo gg
T. C. EYTON, ESQ, F.G.S., F.ZS,
And Corresponding Memberof-tnstituie of Philadelphia.
yy ied ooh) eet iaes JPR ae
BY
TO BE HAD OF MR. PRINCE, AT MR. GOULD’S, CHARLOTTE STREET,
BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON.
PUBLISHED BY R. HOBSON, WELLINGTON, SALOP.
1869.
PREFACE.
It having been represented to me that Illustrations of the Osteology of the Anatidee
are required, and having a few copies of those executed for my work on the Anatidze in hand,
and also five others executed on stone by the same artist, viz, Mr. G. Scharf, I have published
them in the form of an Appendix to “Osteologia Avium.” ‘There are eighteen Plates in all, five
of which have not previously been published.
Eyton, THOS C. EYTON.
Feb. 1, 1869. :
wr ~~
Thy,
Pl.
PL
PL
Pl
PL
Pl.
PL
Pl.
Pl.
Pl
PL
PL
Pl.
Pl.
Pl.
PL
Pl.
PL
le ee en od
NOK pw PH S
18.
oO MSD HR Ww po
INDEX.
Qo———- —
Sterna of Alca torda,
—
Phalacrocorax cristatus.
——— Podiceps cristatus.
Clangula
vulgaris.
Fuligula cristata.
-———— Mergus albellus.
— Rhynchaspis clypeata.
Carina Moschata.
= adorna Belloni:
Anser ferus.
— Cygnus olor.
Cereopsis Novee Hollandize.
Anser cygnoides.
Cyenus ferus.
Chenalopex Aigyptiaca, and trachea.
Tadorna Bellonii.
Dendrocygna arcuata.
Querquedula crecca, and trachea,
Anas boschas, and trachea.
Nyroca leucopthalmus, and trachea.
Harelda glacialis, and trachea
Clangula Histrionica, and trachea of C. vulgaris.
Biziura lobata, mas.
———, fem.
Erismatura Australis, fem.
Mergus serrator, and trachea.
Trachea of Chloephaga Magellanica.
- Tadorna
Bellonii.
——-— Carina Moschata.
—____
- Melanitta fusca.
Aix sponsa.
———-— Querquedula Formosa,
——— -— Cyanopterous circia.
—_——-— Micropterous patachonichus.
Bernicla Antarctica.
—_———-
ADVERTISEMENT.
WORES PUBLISHED BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
A HISTORY UF THE RARER BRITISH BIRDS:
Being a Supplement to Bewick. Price 10s. Cloth.
A MONOGRAPH ON THE ANATIDA :
Being Descriptions of the Species of Anatidee, with many Plates, both Anatomical and of Species.
Price Four Guineas, Cloth, 4to. (A few copies only of the above are left.)
OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM:
Being Sketches of the Osteology of Birds. Two Vols. 4to. Cloth. Price, £7 5s.
SUPPLEMENT TO OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM,
Containing 18 Plates of Skeletons, and Trachea of the Anatide. 30s. Cloth.
To be had from R. Hopson, Printer and Publisher, Wellington; or from the Author.
clypeaww
COSCPACH,
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CYGNUS FERUS.
[4 he Nake Sze:
OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM;
OR,
A SKETCH OF THE OSTEOLOGY
OF BIRDS.
SuPpPLEMENT IT.
BY
T. C. EYTON, ESQ, -F.G.S., F.LS.,
And Corresponding Member of the Institute of Philadelphia.
PUBLISHED BY WILLIAMS AND NORGATE, HENRIETTA STREET,
COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, .
AND
_ &. HOBSON, WELLINGTON, SALOP.. .
1875.
r
i:
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.
Ney
ae
-
Tone
onlay i PS aos
ea 3
“Kit, f Low hore ae
ao Trg
sha paket ome ly aap
Aes
PREFACE.
I have now figured, I believe, all the principal fotms of the Skeletons of Birds, and in
conclusion beg to thank those who have assisted me. I am much obliged to Mr. Gerrard, senior,
of the British Museum, and Mr. Flowers, of the College of Surgeons, who have always assisted me 7
in finding anything I wanted in the respective collections in their care ; to Mr. Bartlett, senior,
also, I am much obliged for He umn Peis regarding the habits of some birds, among which I may
mention Chauna Chavaria, and Rhynochetus Jubatus ; and to Professor Owen I am much
obliged by his always giving me access to him, although so much employed, when I wished to
ask him a question ; to Dr. Gray also I am.obliged for allowing me access to the collection under
his care. .
[have added to this Supplement a list of plates of Skeletons of Birds for reference.
1 Ce EY. VON,
Hyton-on-the-Wealdmoors,
Wellington, Shropshire,
LIST OF PLATES AND INDEX.
Eurycerus prevostii. Pl. I,—details, pl. I, A. ses
Opisthocomus eristasus. Pl. 2,—details, pl. 2, B.
Rhynochetus jubatus. Pl. 3,—details, pl. 3, C.
Centropus rufipenis. Pl. 4,—details, pl. 4, D. ...
Scythrops Novee Hollandize. Details, pl. 5, EH.
Zanclostomus Javanicus. Details, pl. 6, F. | ... eae as
Zanclostomus Sumatranus. Pl. 6 ss ae 4 ti
Struthidea Cinerea. Pl. 7,—details, pl. 7, G
Ptilonorhynchus Smithi. Pl. 8,—details, pl 8, H
Dendrocitta Vagabunda. Pl. 9,—details, 9, I
Stercorarius Pomarinus. Pl. 10,—details, 10, J.
Ardea Herodias. Pl. 11,—details, pl. 11, K.
Numbering of Vertebree As Pi. sat
Momotus Ciquinoctialis. Pl. 12,—details, pl. 12, A.
Rhynchotus perdicarius. Pl. 13,-—details, pl. 13, A.
Crypturusmegapodius Pl, 14,—details, pl. 14, A. ae
©Ceriornis Temminckii. Pl, 15,—details, pl. 15, A.
Aramides Cayanea. Pl. 16,—details, pl. 16, A
Ocydromus.sylvestris, Pl. 17,—details, pl, 17, A.
Antigone torquata. Pl. 18,—details, pl. 18, A.
Ephippiorhynchus Senegalensis. Pl. 19,—details, pl. 19, A.
Atrichia clamosa, sternum. Pl. 20 fig 1. re
Tantalus Ibis, sternum. Pl. 20, fig. 2.
Aptenodytes Penantii, sternum, Pl. 21. ...
Tallegalla: Lathami, Pl. 22,—cetails, pl. 22, A.
Numbering of Vertebree. - ~Ne
Didunculus strigirostris. Pl. 22,—details, 22, A
Palamedea cornuta. Pl. 24—details,24, A.
©hauna chavaria. Pl, 25,—details, 25, A.
Phaeton cethereus. Pl. 26,—details, 26, A.
ERRATA,
32
Page 22..-For Spise read Spix ; for Kettl. read Kittl. Page 26.—For Rhynochotus read Rhynochetus.
BuceRiD&. | EURYCEROTIN.
OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM.
SECOND SUPPLEMENT.
EurRYCEROoS PREvosti, Less.
This bird was described by Lesson in his “Centurie Zoologique” in 1830. The
following is a part of his description :—
“T/’oiseau type, du genre nouveau que nous représentons dans la planche 74 est une des
singularités les plus neuves et les plus remarquables de l’ornithologie.
“C’est un passage transitoire entre les toucans, les calaos et les enrylaimes ; c’est un type
cearactérisé a placer comme lieu intermédiaire entre l’erotta,—(Traite d’Ornithologie, p. 260) et les
buceros.
« Les enrycéres appartiennent 4 nos passereaux hétérodactyles et 4 notre famille des enrylaimes,
le genre sera ainsi caractérisé.”
Bonaparte, in his “Conspectus Genera Avium,” classes it near the Ahamphastide
after Buceride, which immediately precedes it. G. Rt. Gray classes it among the
Sternide, to which it has no affinity whatever. 7
Cranium rounded, without any channel over the vertex to the bill. Occiput very
round, with a slight depression on each side above the foramen magnum ; orbital
septum, perforated with two foramina, orbits large; the superior margin slightly
-reflexed. Bill, with the upper mandible, large; very much raised above, composed of
cellular bone, deep; lower mandible deep, with a foramen near its hinder extremity ;
both mandibles pointed.
Sternum of moderate length, with a deep and wide fissure on each hinder margin.
Pelvis broad, short.
Palatine bones prolonged on the exterior and hindee margiy into an elongated
spine, from the base of which they slope gradually, until they mnie in the centre,
where they are slightly deflected, broad.
Furculum much arched anteriorly; the process at the junction of the rami, which
are rounded, arched, flattened, and the rami long.
SUPPLEMENT II. B ian 6
BuceERip&. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM.
[| EURYCEROTIN&.
Coracoids long, broad at their junction with the sternum, rounded in the middle.
Scapule long, much deflected.
Ribs weak, expanded at their dorsal extremities.
Wing bones long.
Tarst long.
Toes long, the too outer anterior ones united; vertebree short.
Measuremenis.
Tenths. |
Wen otheor MUIertIs )e sewee ree aelel Breadth of posterior margin
Ieeneth ior umab ea. G0) eee. ae ekO Breadth of anterior .
Wenethvorradius — fe) - tious alee margin of ditto
Length of metacarpus. .. .. 9 Depth of keel .
uenothaotstemur 6 4: cl ae areeey soll Length of head
tencthsor tibia . 9... 5 See vee lO Breadth of head .
Weneth iol metatarsus ~~ 2 9 LT Length of pelvis .
Wemeth ofsternum. . s+) = . 13 Breadth of pelvis
Tenths.
10
From the above description it will be perceived that this bird presents no affinity what-
ever to. Rhamphastide or Sternide, From the first family it differs in the shape of the
sternum, and from the last in almost every part, particularly in the structure of the
sternum and the palatine bones. In all these particulars it agrees with Buceros, and
also in the form of the pelvis and furculum.
Illustration.
Sup. 2, pl A.
Details, pl. 1.
CRAcIDz. | OSTELOGIA AVIUM. [ OPISTHOCOMIN A.
OPISTHOCOMUS.
Cristatus.
Cranium, a channel of moderate depth, has its origin at the base of the bill, and
proceeds backwards on the top of the head to the occiput. Occipital ridge slight, and
with a small occipital protuberance; orbits of moderate size ; the septum with one fora-
men on its hinder and lower edge; a transverse indentation at the base of the bill;
nostrils situated at about half its length, nearly round. Palatine bones much bent
downwards; broad for their posterior two-thirds, and united for that distance down
their centres, then divaricating, and both edges turned downwards, forming a channel
on their lower edges ; hinder end pointed backwards, and gradually narrowed to their
junction with the interarticular bones, which are broad for their anterior half and
narrowed backwards, the outer edges slightly deflected. Vomer thin. Foramen
lacerum posterius very small. Lower maxillary bone curved downwards; broad, with
a foramen near the hinder extremity of each branch.
Sternum of moderate length; posterior margin rounded, with one fissure on each side
of the keel, and with a large triangular foramen on each side externally.to it; hinder
margin considerably broader than the anterior edge. Keel very short, extending from
the hinder margin to little more than one-half of the length of the sternum; hinder
edge sloped off from the point to the hinder margin. The anterior edge sloped very
much backwards to the point from the junction of the furculum; the anterior portion
being a mere rudimentary ridge.
Furculum having the rami very short and straight, and uniting at an acute angle,
flattened at their junction with the coracoids, and becoming more rounded towards
the terminal process, which is very long and narrow; triangular anchylosed to the
rudimentary portion of the keel.
Coracoids short and strong, broad at their junction with the sternum, and having a
slightly raised rib down the front.
Pelvis with the divisions of the vertebree on the hinder half apparent when held up
to the light; ischiadic foramen of moderate size, oval; obturator also of medium size,
without any notch in front of the acctabulum; ilium projecting much over the bones
of the ischium; a ridge proceeds from the junction of the caudal vertebre up the
centre of the pelvis, becoming more rounded and obscure on the anterior portion,
Ribs broad and strong ; the styliform process attached for a considerable length to
the hinder edge of the ribs, and not projecting so far as next rib.
Scapula strong, slightly deflected, slightly expanded upwards at about half its length,
rounded at its distal extremity,
Wing bones strong, short; ulna and radius as long as the humerus, anterior
metacarpal bone straight, posterior one much bent, having a large space between
it and the inner edge of the anterior one.
Leg Bones rather slender; tibia long in proportion to the femur. Metatarsus
8
CRACIDS. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. | OPISTHOCOMIN®.
triangular at its upper extremity, with a channel down the front, flattened towards its
lower extremity ; os calcis projecting considerably, with a very slight ridge provseding
downwards from it. A supplemental metatarsal bone projecting much backwards,
not twisted on its axis, tapering and flattened upwards; tubercles for the articulation
of the feet broad; toes long.
This curious bird appears to be nearly allied to the guans, but differs from in
the form of the palatine bones, the hinder margin of the sternum, and furculum.
There is no Gallinaceous bird that I am acquainted with that has the hinder margin
of the sternum of a similar form, the nearest approach that I am aware of to the form
of the furculum is among the cracide in C. Globocera, the process at the junction of the
rami is very much elongated, but is not nearly sv much so as in the opisthocomus.
The rami also are curved, while in the latter bird they are straight, and the furculum,
instead of being anchylosed, or united by a ligament to the point of the keel of the
sternum, is anychylosed to its medial portion.
Measurements.
Tenths, Tenths
Heneti of humerus Sy. Le Breadth of anterior 4
Premetasounmlira 8 2a cath ERD margin of ditto iia 7): rare eRe
Length of metacarpus . . . . 12 Depth of keel EE a oom la
Menetaiontemurn ye xe oh, LO ~ ene theehhieadd:| 7 oS ae arueee
Memethvorsmoiay act) yey vee aS Breadth of head 9}
Length of metatarsus.. . . . Ii Length of pelvis KG:
Wensia-orsvermam™ ©.) W. a9 6 ipreadth-of pelvis’) ae eae ee
Breadth of posterior margin . . 1d$
Illustration.
Sop. 2, pl. 2, B. Details, pl. 2.
PsoPpHIAD&. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. | RHINOCHETINZ.
RHYNOCHETUS.
Jusatus, Verr.
Cranium much arched above, with an indentation from the base of the bill to vertex,
a large and prominent occipital ridge, with two deep channels anterior to it.
Orbital septum with very large foramen. Palatine bones truncated behind, gradually
tapering to point anteriorly ; posterior margin entire.
Sternum narrow, long ; keel very narrow, with the edge nearly straight.
Pelvis anteriorly much arched and gradually sloping backwards, with two deep
hollows, one on each side of the sacral vertebree. Ischiadic foramen long. Obturator
foramen large and rounded anteriorly, short posteriorly. Pelvis very short.
_ Ribs narrow and thin, styliform process turned much upwards.
Furculum weak, without any process at the junction of the rami.
Coracoids broad, at their sternal extremities light.
Scapule very much arched, short.
Wing bones short, ulna much bent.
Measurements.
Tenths. Tenths,
length ofhumerus ... .. . 26 Breadth of anterior ae.
Henstneenulma 2) 4 9. | 22.9 28 Inareine Of -dittOue @ os. 248 LO
Length of metacarpus. . . . . 14 Wepthwotleccless wees 2 6 alae S
Length offemur . ... . . 26 Mengumwot heads + fu 2 A 3 EF
Length of tibia. . . . . . . 450 sBreadtimofheadls ee eeunpy en gla
Length of metatarsus. . . . . 45 Eengthyet pelviss “3a. « » 30
dkeneth of sternum, -. » . «+ ~ 19: Breadth of pelvis’... 4 is. i T18
Breadth of posterior margin. . . 7
Mr. G. Gray, in his Hand-list, places this bird next Eurypyga, from which it differs
in the shape of the sternum. In Eurypya the keel is very deep, and continued to the
posterior margin. In Rhynochetus it is obliterated, the former bird has a deep foramen
on each side, the latter none at all; the pelvis in the former bird is quite straight on its
dorsal aspect, the latter has it much arched; in all of which respects it agrees with
Psophia. | |
Illustration.
Sup. 2, pl 3. Details, pl. 3, ©.
* é
Cucurip#. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. [ CENTROPIN &.
Centropus, il.
Rufipennis, Horsf:
Cranium with a slight channel between the orbits. Occipital ridge large and
prominent, the channel for the masseter muscle large. Orbital septum with a large
central foramen and a smaller one above. .
Palatine bones similar to those of centropus phasianus, (pl. 18, fig. 1).
Sternum with one foramen on each side of the keel placed near the margin, the plate
of bone bordering it not being so wide as in centropus phasianus; lateral margin more
curved outwards. Keel with its edge more curved than in centropus phasianus ;
remainder as in the foregoing, but not so strong.
Measurements,
Tenths. Tenths,
Length ofhumerus .... . 12 Breadth of posterior margin . . 18
dzenethsotuina® fl fea ale Breadth of anterior nes
Heng tavomradius 7 te = ey eld Imarsin of ditto ~ |. 494 . av
Length of metacarpus ... . 9 Depth-of keel” . . 8 2 aoe ee
euptiioraemut) 9 aie. pe) eee (eneth-ofthead 4. 5 Seas
Henstheot tibia, 4 su)... 4 «, 34 Breadth of head®’ . . . ... II
‘Length of metatarsus. . . . . 28 Tengethcofgpelvis) 2" Gy Sow cane
Length of sternum ... . . 15 Breadth of pelvis . . . . ..
ol Illustration.
Sup. 2, pl. 4. Details, pl. 4, D.
Scyturops, Lath.
Nove Hollandie, Lath.
I have only been able to obtain a small portion of the skeleton of this curious bird,
although it appears to be by no means rare in its native country ; namely, the sternum,
furculum, coracoids, and scapule.
Sternum broad, short ; hinder margin with an indentation on each side of the keel ;
anteriorly slightly convex. Keel deep, much arched on its inferior edge, and continued
to the posterior margin; anteriorly much hollowed out. Lateral margin curved, the
hinder margin broader than the anterior one.
Furculum arched ; process at the junction of the rami small, slightly flattened.
Coracoids very broad at their articulation with the sternum
Scapule very broad near their extremities; arched, pointed.
Measurements,
Tenths. _ Tenths.
Length of stemum ..., . 2 Breadth of anterior margin of ditto 14
Breadth of posterior . . . . . Depth of keel . » ho av ee ae
margin of ditto. . . . . . 20
Illustration.
Sup. 2, pl. 5, E.
11
Cucuip2. |
ZANCLOSTOMUS.
Javanicus, Horsf.
OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM.
| ZANCLOSTOMIN ZI.
Cranium rounded, a slight channel over the vertex to the bill. Orbits large.
Septum with one large foramen, a depression at the base of the bill, channel for the
masseter muscles large, depression extending to the occiput.
Sternum with two fissures on the hinder margin, the inner one largest; hinder
margin much broader than the anterior one ; anterior edge receding.
Pelvis very broad, the sacral vertebree forming a ridge for its whole length ;
ischiadic foramen large. Obturator foramen narrow, a large projection in front of the
acctabulum pointing forwards.
Scapule broad.
Furculum very long, branches not much arched, process at their junction small.
Wing bones strong, the ulna nearly as long as the humerus.
Measurements.
Tenths. . Tenths,
Length of humerus. . . . . 10% Breadth of posterior margin . . 8
Heneth onwlna =. . 2° 2 « #10 Breadth of anterior .
Menethottaditis . 2 9) § . Nes OF Marmot CitbOtew ORI pial. sale
Length of metacarpus . . . . 95 Depth.otelkeel «17 gyi vay os. sy) e A! 2B
Renctinordemur. » 20%, « 2 14 Wenctipotslieadweran ls sem el cme?
Reucth ot tibia? a9. . = + %.+ 20 preaduipobhneadwe. 0.) 4 2.2. 5
Length of metatarsus . . . . 10 We nethecipelvicmren were lon) coeds) O)
inewetnyor sternite yen be apa pio Breadth of pelvist; =!) 2,-5.8
Illustration.
Sup. 2, pl. 6, F.
ZANCLOSTOMUS.
Sumatranus.
Very similiar to the preceding.
7 Measurements.
Tenths. Tenths.
eneth of humeris . . .,..+ 8 Breadth of anterior Ae Sali
enecuieotulnay yk fo aie te ya | Mnles THe eC CitONPee ew en! a 1G
Length of metacarpus . .. . 6 Depthroitkealy % ey key ayy a8
jiensth of femur. 2. . . . « Ld ewatheoiehcad@aes as) Si en ot
Length of tibia . . ... . 20 ibneadgurOflendmrs) am site 2. |. 59
Length of metatarsus . . . . 83 Henetheok pelvic 2 %2 52 "-.. 4 Vl?
Eeneth of stemumy 25. 5.2. 8 ipyeadthror pelvic. 2b -2) . i. 1 T
Breadth of posterior margin . .. 8 .
Illustration.
Sup. 2, pl. 6.
12
Corvip. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. [CaLLHATINA.
Struthidea, Gould.
Cinerea, Gould.
Cranium very round over the vertex. Occipital crest very small, with a slight
depression between the orbits, which are large, and with a large foramen through the
septum. Nostrils large. Palatine bones very broad, posteriorly with a blunt spine on
each side, the central edge deflected slightly for the posterior half, united at their
articulation, with the interarticular bones gradually narrowed towards their anterior
extremities.
Sternum long, indented, with two fissures on the posterior margin, much retiring
from the manubrial process, which is large and prominent; bifcurcate at the end.
Keel of moderate depth, straight on its inferior edge.
Pelvis broad, divisions of the vertebre apparent.. Ischiadic foramen large ; obturator
foramen rounded, open, not a mere slit as in most birds.
Ribs of moderate size; styliform process turned much upwards.
Furculum much expanded ; process at their junction of the rami small.
Coracoids long, of moderate size.
Scapule long, broad. |
Wing bones of moderate size; ulna longer than than the humerus.
Leg bones metatarsus, very long.
Measurements.
Tenths. | Tenths.
lienctiofiuimernns 9 57 7 oe T4 Breadth of anterior . ee
Hengihofulba® o0 "+e 27%. FO Mareinot ditto,» |e ie ae eee
Length of metacarpus ... . 8 Deptheat keels a ay oe eee
Agenoth jor dente ay i. ot eee Iength of head . 4. . . «1. VY
enethvoiuibignsue © esr amc onc Breadth of head 1. 5 &) epi teae ee
Length of metatarsus. . . . . I Length of pelvis . . . . . . 16
Length of sternum ... =, . 16 Breadthof pelvis . . « “4 « 98
Breadth of posterior margin . . 9
Iilustration.
Sup. 2, pL 7. Details, pl. 7, F.
Struthidea presents a strong resemblance to kitta in the shape of the palatine bones
and sternum, but pelvis is narrower. _
13
SO
OROALIDAE. | . OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM.
PTiILoRHYNcHUS, Cuv.
Smithiu, Vig & Horsf.
Differs very slightly in form from Cassicus.
Measuremenis.
Tenths.
Length of humerus)... han. 12 Breadth of anterior
Lengthy of ulnar: So ien Hr ek margin of ditto .
Length of metacarpus . . . . 104 Depth of keel
Peneth offemun 0 vayeue 16 Length of head .
Wenethvos tibia: -.h..”)) Witieves b2O Breadth of head.
‘Length of metatarsus . . . . 21 Length of pelvis
Henugiayolesteruny 3.4 phe wey DT Breadth of pelvis
Breadth of posterior margin ... 11
Illustrations.
Ely i Details; pl SE.
| PrILORHYNCINA.
14
Tenths,
Corvin. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. [CaLLZATINA.
DenprocitTta, Gould.
~Vagabunda, Lath.
Cranium round on the vertex. Occipital ridge well defined, but not prominent.
Orbits large. Septum with the foramina partly filled up. Palatine bones broad on
their hinder margins, their lateral edges terminating with a blunt spine. Interanticular
bones broad at their junction with the palatine bones, which, anteriorly, merely form
a narrow strip on each side to their junction, with the superior maxilliary bones.
Sternum rather long, with a deep fissure on each side inferior edge of the keel,
arched; the front edge much scolloped out.
Pelvis broad. Obturator foramen long ; ischiadie large.
Ribs with the styliform process very long.
Furculum narrow.
Coracoids small.
Scapulum slightly arched, expanded near the extremity, and finally pointed.
Wing bones of moderate size; the ulna much longer than the humerus.
Leg bones with the tibia and metatarsal bones nearly equal.
Measurements.
Tenths. Tenths.
Menechrol humerus’. Se. 9. Breadth of anterior . >
ikenethotmina ¢ 41) 8. |) elo margin of ditto... .. . 62
Length of metacarpus . .. . 8 Depth orkech =. 5... Se ees
Wenethiorg@emur.7% 6) 2 . = Was Lenethiafihead +: 2. (2 4 Be 2
fenethtoraibia’ 2) 4 (5 oo a as ibreadthcorbend. =. “4. %. 1 es abe
Length of metatarsus . . . . 1d Length of pelvis . . . .. . 16
ienetawot stem) Se | ES Breadth of pelvis. . . aS
Breadth of posterior margin . . 8
Lilustrations.
Sup. 2, pl. 9. Details, pl. 9, L
15
LaRrip&. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM, [ STERCORARINAE.
STERCORARIUS, Briss.
Pomarinus, Temm.
Cranium rather flattened. Orbits large; a moderate-sized foramen in the centre,
and a smaller one above it; a deep depression over each orbit. Palatine bones narrow,
bending downward at the lateral edges; wider than in Chroicocephalus ridibundus.
Interanticular bones bending inwards at their hinder ends, flattened.
Sternum with a large and deep fissure on each side of the kéel, which is very deep
and much curved on its inferior edge; much scolloped out on its anterior edge.
Manubrial process small, laterally compressed, pointed.
Pelvis long; the pubis and ischium very much prolonged backwards. Obturator
- foramen long, narrow. Ischiadic foramen small; the division of the sacral vertebrae
apparent.
Ribs moderate; styliform processes long, pointing upwards.
Furculum flattened, no projection at the junction of the rami.
Coracoids very strong, flattened on the upper side.
Scapule thick, of nearly the same width throughout, pointed at their extremities.
Wing bones very long, especially the metacarpal.
Leg bones light.
Measurements.
Tenths. Tenths,
Henothofiumerus . 2 . . . 4602 Breadth of anterior . . . . .
entotheomulnar, 4 <9 2 ah 2tis5 47 MAT SIMeOtCitOn , wee a sea ae ko
Length of metacarpus . . . . 42 Depiinomkec ea srr a 6S
ensthivortemur # . 4 . 5 . £8 Ibenen cr ineecl | As BB ae wok
Renetieottioias. » = . . 4 » 26 breads Omneade aoa. 8 a 2 CS
Length of metatarsus. . . . . 22 enesth ofpelvis . . § » » . 39
lhength of sternum . .., . . 380 Breadthvot pelvis » = - . «. » 19
Breadth of posterior margin. . . 18
Illustrations,
Sup. 2, pl. 10. Details, pl. 10, I.
The genus stercorarius differ from the genus larus, in having only one fissure on the
posterior margin of the sternum, in the more depressed form of the cranium.
16
ARDEIDZ. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. [ ARDEINZ.
ArpEaA, Linn.
Herodias. Linn.
Cranium much the same as in A. cinerea, but with the muscular impressions more
distinct. The occipital crest more prominent, and orbital septum with a large foramen.
Palatine bones narrow.
Sternum longer and narrower, and more convex. Keel not so deep.
Pelwis also longer and narrower, and with the central channel more marked.
Ribs narrow.
Furculum, Coracoids, and Scapule smaller and longer.
Wing and Leg bones similar, but longer.
Measurements.
Tenths. Tenths,
engthvorhumerus) ke 80 Breadth of anterior ay Arse
eneth sor pila sie Oe i) ee Maron OL dito ls © ci. a? eee eee
Length of metacarpus . .. . 40 Depth of Weel. a aes eee mee
ene Ch foORseniurs 5) fae Ae al AO Ihength iol mead. - sotun ) veun arena)
WREM tn Or UIA Ate. UE ie aa OS isreadthyOfsmeady tls yc se |.) iene
Length of metatarsus. . . . . Td ienethiohwpelvis uae to eee
Length of sternum .... . 44 Breadth of pelvis iy) \ 592. se, tunes
Breadth of posterior margin . . 15 |
Illustrations.
Sup. 2, pl. 11. Details, pl. 1], J.
17
OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM.
Cervical.| Dorsal. | Sacral. | Caudal.
Huryceros prevostii - - - - - - - - - = 10 7 8 7
Opisthomus cristatus - - = - - - - - - 10 0 10 5
Rhynochetus jubatus - - - - - - - - - 14 7 10 7
Centropus rufipennis - - - - - - = - 12 6 10 5
Scythrops, Novee hollandize non ane - - = = = — — — —
Zanclostomus javanicus - - - - - - - - - 10 6 12 5
Zanclostomus sumatranus - - - - - - = - 10 7 9 6
Siruthideaemerca. = =r) =. = = = = 12 8 10 a
Ptilorhynchus smithii - - - - - - - - = 12 8 10 7
Dendrocitta vagabunda - - - - - - - - - 12 8 g 6
Stercorarius pomarinus - - - - - - - = - Ll 8 10 8
Ardea herodias - - - -.-+-/= =.-.- = = 16 8 12 7
. NOTE.
RHYNOCHETUS.
Jdubatus.
Provisionally I have classed this bird with the Psophiade, but there is another family with which
it agrees in many respects, but without knowing anything of the habits of the Kagu, not much
can be finally determined. ‘The family alluded to is that of the Rallide, in which Aramus
scolopozeceus is placed by Mr. Gray ; it has long feet, like Rhynochetus, and the same form of
sternum. The eggs of the Kagu, of which I have two, are white, spotted with brown ; while those
of Posphia, Mr. Bartlett informs me are white. Nuttall says the eggs of Aramus are two in
number ; Audubon that they rarely exceed five or six, but neither of these Naturalists say of what
colour they are, or shape ; they are not like any heron that I know of, or those of Eurypyga, but
more like those of a coot, or large rail.
18
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OPISTHOCOMUS CRISTATUS.
Lrom Nature ov tine by] Eralebev,
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RHYNOCHETUS JUBATUS.
Vincent Brooks Day £Son.bnp.
: From Nature ov kine by J Eraleber,
Vincené Brooks Day &Somlirp.
CENTROPUS RUFIPENIS.
Nat. size.
From Natare or Line by J Eraleben: ; Vincent Brooks Day & Somlnp.
LANCLOSTOMUS SUMATRANUS.
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Nat. size
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STRUTHIDEA CINEREA.
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ARDEA HERODIAS.
_ PL. 11.
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DETAILS PhL.l. A.
Nat. size.
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Nat size.
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PTILONOREYNCHUS SMITHII.
DETAILS, PL. 9.1.
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BUcERID<. | OSTEQLOGIA AVIUM, [ Momotin #.
OSTHOLOGIA AVIUM.
SECOND SUPPLEMENT.
PAUD Sle
Momorvs, by R. Gray.
Ciquinoctialis, Gould.
When the first part of this work was published I had some fragments of the skeleton
of Momotus (pl. 12, fig. 13) taken from a skin. I have since obtained a perfect
skeleton of Momotus C&quinoctialis, which I now figure.
Cranium rounded, with a rounded projection on side of the vertex. Orbital septum
entire. Occipital ridge distinctly marked ; impression of the masseter muscles
distinct; nostrils large, oval. Palatine bones broad, united posteriorly, the central
edge turned downwards, the exterior edge slightly so. The two plates united for about
one-third of their length, then narrowed and divaricating and carried forward as two
strips of bone.
Sternum broad, with two large fissures on each side of the posterior margin, the inner
one smallest. Keel deep, arched on its inferior edge’ © Manubrial process broad at
the base, of moderate length. |
Pelvis very broad in proportion to its length. The ischiadic foramen large, oval.
The obturator of moderate size.
Ribs broadest near their dorsal extremities, and gradually diminishing to their
junction with the sternal ribs, which are flattened.
Furculum arched in front, the rami flattened, without any process at their junction.
Coracoids long. :
Scapule very slightly bent, pointed at the extremities.
Wing bones long; the ulna longer than the humerus.
Leg bones of moderate length.
SUPPLEMENT II. B 20
Length of humerus
Length of ulna
_ Length of metacarpus
Length of femur .
Length of tibia
Length of metatarsus
Length of sternum
Breadth of posterior margin .. . 11
2]
Measurements.
Tenths.
18
21
13
Breadth of anterior
margin of ditto
Depth of keel
Length of head .
Breadth of head
Length of pelvis
Breadth of pelvis
Illustrations.
Suppt. 2, pl. 12.
Details, pl, 12, A.
Tenths.
TINAMIDA. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. } [TinaMina
Ruyncuotus, Spisc.
Perdicarius, JKetil.
Very similar to Crypturus, but the tarsi are shorter, and without back toe. The
palatine bones also differ, and the wings are longer in proportion. A process projects
from the end of the ilium anterior to acetabulum.
Measurements.
Tenths, . Tenths,
Length of humerus) . . . 9... 24 Breadth of anterior Sys
Wenenrouinay Tov. jou iors.) 24a THEY STN OL: AUBuOe mie Way Wayall ces Gr genie dem
-Length of metacarpus . . . . 18 Wepulet cel Mamas mc ule Rican ts. a alld
dheme chro! tema. 1 sy ia vey 20 Hengthnot heady Gir. oon we ar e265
Meenothvor tibia, ye as one on OO read@inot, headmae ich iiniy douse og
Length of metatarsus . .. . 19 Wengethron pelvisy toy. Moly iY eo
Lengthor sternum. 3, 2) .- =. 38 Breadth: of pelvis)... 024 0 16
Breadth of posterior margin . . 9
Illustrations.
‘Suppt. 2, pl. 13. Details, pl. 13, A.
TINAMID &. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. (Tuvan.
Crrprturus, Ill.
Megapodius, Bp.
Does not differ much from Tinamus, except in size. My specimen of Tinamus was
much damaged, therefore would not do to figure in the first part of this work.
Cranium small, rounded. Occipital ridge small. The foramen in the orbital septum
Jarge. Palatine bones broad, narrowed behind to a point. Interarticular bones
very long.
Sternum very long ; the central and horizontal portion very narrrow ; a strip of bone
forming each lateral edge makes between it and the central portion a large fissure on
each side. Keel deep; the lower edge arched.
Pelvis broad; the vertebre apparent from the upper surface ; the os pubis curved.
Obturator foramen large; ischiadic large; in fact both the above-named foramina are
converted into fissures, not being closed at their hinder ends; a process at the end of
the ilium before the acetabulum.
Ribs strong.
Furculum small, weak ; without any process at the junction of the rami.
Coracoids strong.
Scapule strong, very slightly arched, blunt at the distal extremity.
Wing bones short.
Leg bones of moderate size.
Measurements.
Tenths. Tenths..
iength of humerus . . - . . 29 Breadth of anterior
Teencih ofvalitani. lV.) eo yet B32 PHAKCINOL Gitte. 2. 2 ne Ge pe ee
Length of metacarpus. = . . . 16 BDeptn-ofskeel) pe, ira og) 7) See
ene theot tem ts 2 pe Ie. ee oe T Bene th ofthead= i... 4° j.0 2 Pee
enethcot dria Sey ae thee coed 0 Breadth ohhedd- . js see san co
Meneth ot metutarsiss. (7) . ... 27 Henethof pelvise.. +5) ys eos
Henathvofistermumi-. £ po te t= 644 dee breadth of pelvis: ees ee eens
Breadth of posterior margin. . . 13
Illustrations.
Suppt. 2, pl. 14. Details, pl. 14, A.
23
PHASIANIDZ. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM.
CERIORNIS,
Temminckii, Gray.
[GaLing.
Does not differ very much in shape from the skeleton of the common pheasant, but
considerably in measurements, particularly in that of the sternum.
Measurements.
Tenths.
Length ofhumerus . .. . . 38 Breadth of anterior
densthrorraduigey 4). Mans). 4 o0 margin of ditto
Length of metacarpus. . . . . 16 Depth of keel
dhenptheotiemuly’ 20. 30. » 40 Length of head .
enathron tibiar cies ae a). 4 Og Breadth of head
~ Length of metatarsus. . . . . 34 Length of pelvis
feneth of stemum ~~. 7). ~. 40 Breadth of pelvis
Breadth of posterior margin. . . 20
Illustrations.
Suppt. 2, pl. 15.
Details, pl. 15, A.
Tenths-
15
Ratz. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. [Rati z.
AramipEs, Puch,
Cayanea, Mull.
Cranium similar in form to the other ralline ; Jacrymals long.
Pelvis also similar.
Leg bones of moderate length. Metatarsi not so short as in Ocydromus.
Wings short.
Sternum long, narrow; keel with deep fissures at the hinder margin converted into
foramina; a very narrow strip of bone across the hind margin. Sternum much
constricted in the middle; inferior edge of the keel arched.
Measurements.
Tenths. Tenths.
Hgenoth 1 MUMenIS 5. o.8N J. Lo Breadth of anterior ee
ivencth ofmina Ay. ). ..* elas +. wall gmancin of dittory. es eee eS
Length of metacarpus . . . . 122 Depthrotdkeel i a el, eee ee
engthioftemur 3 ac ae. 722 iieneth of head -9),) ete eee
enethsormibia |. cs eT readthyot head #) = ae iy, | ae ees
Length of metatarsus . . . . 21 Length tofgpelvis oa "use ee
Length ofstemum .. .). . 2 » (Breadth ‘of pelvis 74> 5 1 a6
Breadth of posterior margin. . od
Illustrations.
Suppt. 2, pl. 16. Details, pl. 16, A.
20
RALLIDs. | OSTEOLGIA AVIUM. [Ratu x.
Ocypromus, Wag,
— Sylvestris, Sclat.
Cranium of moderate length; a transverse indention at the base of the bill.
Nostrils long, oval. Lacrymal bone elongated over the orbits. Orbital septum with a
large foramen. Occipital ridge prominent. Palatine bones rounded behind; edges
curved downward, narrowed suddenly anteriorly to a mere strip of bone.
Sternum broadest anteriorly, narrowed in the middle again; slightly expanded at
posterior margin, with a deep fissure on each side.
Pelvis anteriorly ; deep and arched; posterior half, with a deep and broad channel
down the centre; deep curved on each side of the caudal vertebre ; divisions of the
sacral vertebre apparent.
- Ribs long, thin. Stylyform process very long, extending over two ribs.
Furculum without any process as the ia of the rami.
Coracoids of moderate size.
Scapule long, slightly arched, pointed at their ends.
Wing bones short.
Leg bones moderate; metatarsus short.
Measurements.
Tenths. Tenths.
Leneth of humerus. 2 . «2 ay» 20 Breadth of anterior Rcrbe
envinropulua, <4, eit a 2h i568 Matson dittony Saa9 Weyl elon EO
Length of metacarpus . . . . 12 Depihvoiwkeely ral iA) tenet 40,13
Length offemur . . . . . . 24% Kenetisonhcadis 2 . 2 > Ya 84
Eeneth oktibia . 5 . § « « 3 breadtimon head (5 .)'8' 5 4 4 9
Length of metatarsus . . . . 183 emethe ot pelvis) 2 fe 4 “wey yee
hengthotisternum. 2 > . « 4 IY Breadthvor pelvis « « .\. 4 = 9
Breadth of posterior margin . . 53
Illustrations.
Suppt. 2, pl 17. Details, pl. 17, A
When I described the skeleton of Rhynchotus I had not the skeleton of any large
rail; since that I have obtained one, Ocydromus sylvestris, which I now figure. The
sternum is similar, except that of Ocydromus has two foramina on the posterior margin,
which Rhynchotus has not. The metatarsi of Ocydromus are much shorter than those
of Rhynchotus. The cranium and pelvis are similar. The palatine bones are more.
truncate at hinder extremities in the latter than in the former.
26
ANDEID&. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. [Gruinz.
Anticone, Reich, Bp.
Torquata, Viell.
Cranium with a very slight depression across the base of the bill; no depression over
the upper surface, except a very slight one near the occiput, much rounded above.
Orbital septum strong, with two foramina, the central one large, the upper one small,
elongated. Occipital ridge not very prominent; a large ridge from the centre of it to
the foramen magnum. Lacrymal bones large, projecting far backwards. Inter-
articular bone very massive and strong. Palatine bones long, the lateral edges
curved downwards, pointed posteriorly, flat and narrowed anteriorly ; bones formiug
the bill strong; the lower edge of the inferior maxillary projecting backwards.
Sternum elongated. Narrow keel, very thick on its inferior edge and curved
anteriorly ; hollow and perforated by the trachea, which makes a convolution in its
interior extended to the posterior margin of the sternum, which projects much forward
beyond the junction of the furculum. Posterior margin widened laterally, and rounded
on the outer angles; edge nearly entire.
Pelvis similar to Ardea in shape ; foramina long.
Ribs with the styliform process long.
Furculum of moderate length. Rami flattened ; strongly anchylosed to the sternum,
and much flattened transversely.
Coracoids very broad at their junction with the sternum.
Scapule flattened, very long, pointed, slightly bending downward.
Leg bones the callineal process slight, continued nearly to the hind toe.
Measurements.
Tenths. Tenths.
Length of humerus . . . . . 106 Breadth of anterior ‘eo
dsenetheotana 20.) eee a0 marem of ditto sou 24 au) ee
Length of metacarpus . . . . 950 Depthotiked | 2 ee Pee aes
dsenethkot femur 7 =) =. y = 160 Iheneth of heads .. «°° 4, "820%
Length of tibia . . . . . . 155 Breadth of head? .'4.) ©. « .. WOE
Length of metatarsus . . . . 185 Length of pelvis . . ... . 90
Rensth of stermum: o) 4p.) =) 690 Breadth of pelvisu = Eo Vee) ft 0 7b
Breadth of posterior margin . . 24
Illustrations.
Suppt. 2, pl. 18. Details, pl. 18, A
’
ANDEIDA. | | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. [Gruin az.
EPHIPPIORHYNCHS, Bp.
Senegalensis, Shaw. ?
Very similar, except in size, to Antigone torquata ; the trachez penetrates the keel
of the sternum in the same manner, namely, in one perpendicular loop.
Measurements.
Tenths. Tenths,
Length of humerus:. . . . . 95 Breadth, of antetion. 2; 3) ca
Length ofradius . . . . . . 125 Hirepein, Of Cittomrat ss fo ey, 20
Length of metacarpus . . . . 49 Deptheot keeles igi) sot Ae ses. ae 22
Length of femur . .. eo. Os Bengumof headi a7 , “4s 4,2. 88
Pienoih- ob tibiae =a ees 150 Breacdtipon heads ge. a. 2 ES
Length of metatarsus . . . . 120 Kenethpof pelyisy “,f 2 5 2 68
Length of sternum ... . . 75 Breadthivot pelvisy G03 ow ay, 3F
Breadth of posterior margin . . 16 |
Mlusirations.
Suppt. 2, pl. 19. Details, pl. 19, A.
Lucinip2. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. [Warvrinz.
Arricoia, Gould.
Clamosa, Gould.
I have only the sternum, coracoids, and scapule of this bird.
Sternum long, with a deep fissure on each side at the posterior, and much elongated -
’ on each side anteriorly. Keel shallow.
Coracoids long, very broad at their junction with the sternum.
Scapule long, slightly expanding near the tip, pointed at the extremity.
Measurements.
) Tenths. Tenths.
Length of sternum ...... 7 Depthvot keeling.) Geke Se foes
Breadth of posterior margin. °. . 4 heneth~of coraccids: ii4.: bonsai eeene
Breadth of anterior margin. . . 43 Length of scapule . ...... 6
Mlustration.
Suppt. 2, pl. 20., fig. k.
29
TANTALID &. | \, OSTEOLOGTA AVIUM. PTANTALIN &.
Tantatus, Linn.
Ibis, Linn.
I have only the sternum and head of this bird, the 'atter is ffeur ed in ph. 33, fig. 1.
Sternum short, of moderate breadth, with a broad fissure on each side of the keel on
the posterior margin. Keel very deep, much arched on its inferior edge.
Coracoids rather long.
Furculum, with an appendage at the j junction of the rami, broadest at their junction
with the coracoids and arched.
Scapule slightly bent, blunt at the end ; of nearly the same width throughout.
Measurements.
Tenths. Tenths:
Length ofsternum .... . 48 MPS pion keely eM site Maka sw ee
Breadth of posterior margin . . 20 | LTengthofcoracoids . . . . . 26
Breadth of anterior margin . . . 22 {| Lengthofscapule. . .. . . 30
Liiustrations.
Suppt. 2, pl. 20, fig. 2.
30
SPHERISEIDE. | _ OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. (SPHERISEINZ.
AptTEenopytss, Fosst.
Penantii, G. R. Gray.
I have only the sternum of this bird, with the coracoid, scapule, and furculum
attached.
Sternum short, scolloped out from the lateral margin to the end of the keel, which is
shallow and much produced in front towards the furculum, to which it is united by a
ligament.
Coracoids long, very strong.
Furculum much arched, broadest next the coracoids, gradually narrowed towards the
sternum ; a small process at the junction of the rami.
Scapule very broad posteriorly, narrowed at their junction with the coracoids.
Measurements.
Tenths, Tenths.
“ength ofisternum -+.. i. 3. 4. 1... 47 Depth tof KeCli. 5 7.0 we woke ae eS
Breadth of posterior margin. . . 33 Length of coracoids . . . . . 50
Breadth of anterior margin . ; . 386 Length of scapule. . . . . . 47
Illustrations.
Suppt. 2, pl. 21.
31
TALLEGALLA, Less.
Lathami, Jard.
OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM.
Cranium slightly flattened between the orbits, strong. Nostrils large, oval. Orbital
septum nearly entire, with only a small foramen on its posterior edge. Palatine bones
expanded on their posterior third, pointed behind, slightly bent upwards at their
junction ; fore part consisting of a narrow strip of bone expanded slightly forward,
nearly resembling Crax Globiura (pl. 22, fig. 2).
Sternum very like that of Crax, but rather shorter, with a short, but perpendicular
broad keel,
Pelvis broader than in Crax, but with the ischiadic and obturator foramina larger.
Ribs broad, flattened as in Crax. fr
furculum with the rami long, a small process at their junction turning inwards slight.
Coracoids of moderate size.
Scapule broad, blunt: at their tips.
Wing bones short; metacarpus long.
Leg bones tibie, short; not very strong.
Length of humerus
Length of ulna
Length of metacarpus
Length of femur .
Length of tibia
Length of metatarsus
Length of sternum
Breadth of posterior margin
a)
Measurements.
Tenths. |
34 | Breadth of anterior
. 3852 margin of ditto .
1-18 Depth of keel
35 Length of head . a oa
49 | Breadthofhead . . .. ,
32 Length of pelvis
36 Breadth of pelvis
1 es |
Llustrations.
Suppt. 2, pl. 22. Details, pl, 22, A.
By
Tenths
12
13
29
a1
47
24.
OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM.
NUMBERING OF VERTEBRA.
¥ z
Cervical. Dorsal. | Sacral. | Caudal.
Antigone torquata, - = - - - - = = - 18 6 18 ii
Ephippiorhynchus Senegalensis - - = = = = 17 6 14 8
Aramides cayanea - - ay es ee 13 10 13 7
Ocydromustsylvestris: = P=) 2 = ASS ee 12 10 14 8
pabyva Pemmmecki 0 EE Se ye le A 13 8 15 6
Crypturus megapodius- - - - - - - - - ils 8 19 7
Rhynchotus perdicarius - - - - - + - -|. 15 8 14 5
Momotus Ciquinoctialis - - - - - - - = 12 8 13 8
Mallegalla Tiathami = = Wee de 9 ie ys 14 a 13 6
4
Since the former part of this work was published, I have obtained from America the
skeletons of fuligula valisneria and querquedula. discors, both agree with their
representatives in this country ; the former with the fuligula ferina, and the latter with
querquedula cruca, so as not to be distinguishable from them by the skeleton.
END OF SUPPLEMENT II, PART 2,
33
irom nat. on store by JE rrieben. Mk lV. Hanhart wap.
MOMOTUS OE£QUINOCTIALIS.
Sram nat. on stare by TErxleben.
MOMOTUS
Nat. size.
OL QUINOCTIALIS.
DETAILS, PL.12.A
MAN Haxdvart inp,
at
tf
Pils.
From nat. on stone by J Erxteber. % Nat. size.
RHYNCHOTUS PERDICARIUS.
MéN. Hanhart ump.
DETAILS, PL.13.A.
tintanocominem er nee
Nat. size.
F MEAN. Hazthart tmp.
RHYNCHOTUS PERDICARIUS.
from nic. on stone by J Hrxleben.
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Ay
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#3 Nat s
MEN Honkazt imp.
Fram nat. on stone hy JErxtebar
CRYPTURUS MEGAPODIUS.
DETAILS PL 14 A.
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Nat
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CRYPTURUS MEGAPODIUS.
trom nat. on store by TErzleben.
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V2 Nat. size.
Tram nat.on store by Jizteben. Mék Nienhoart tmp.
CERIORNIS TEMMINCKRII.
DETAILS, PL15.A.
MEAN Hanhart
oe net. on stone by J Exeleh av.
Ly
CERIORNIS TEMMINCKIL.
Tels,
4 Y- Nat. size.
trom nat. on stone by J Hrxleben. Mé N Hanhart imp.
ARAMIDES CAYANEA.
DETAILS, PL.16.A.
Nat. size.
from nat. a stone by J Ereleben. UN Horheart tap.
ARAMIDES CAYANEA.
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OCYDROMUS SYLVESTRIS.
Fram nat, on stone. by J Eerleben.
Nat. size.
OCYDROMUS SYLVESTRIS.
DETAILS, PL.17.A.
Me NHarkort inp.
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PL.18.
¥, Nat size. : :
From nat. on stone by /Erzleben.
ANTIGONE TORQUATA.
MeN Hanhoxt. imp.
DETAILS, Pl. 18 A
Nat. size.
¥%3 Nat. size.
Ma N-Hankart wp.
SJ Hrxleb ex.
from nat. on stone by
ANTIGONE TORQUATA.
From nat. on stone by J Erxieh av.
¥5 Nat. size.
EPHIPPIORHYNCHUS SENEGALENSIS.
OPAL A),
JON) GSS eee EC ee
Nat. size,
V5 Nat. size.
Mé N Hanhart unp.
From nat. on stone by J Frztes en.
EPHIPPIORHYNCHUS SENEGALENSIS.
od
Nat. size.
from nak. on stone hy JErxied ex.
J. ATRICHIA CLAMOSA STERNUM. 2.TANTALUS IBIS STERNUM.
NENG 2G).
Mé NHachart tmp.
From nat. on stone by J Fretebae.
Vz Nat. size.
APTENODYTES PENANTIL STERNUM.
Ply Bu.
MAN Hanhart aup-
IPI ee
54a Nat. size.
From net.on stone hy J Exxlebezr. ide N Gankart wap
TALLEGALLA LATHAML.
DETAILS, PL. 22.A.
s1zeé.
Nat.
4
Mé N Hankazt wp,
From nat. on stane by J Exrleben.
TALLEGALLA LATHAMTI.
Dipuncuip&. } [ Dipvinx.
OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM.
SECOND SUPPLEMENT.
PART IIL.
Dipuncuuus, Peale.
Strigirostris, Jardine.
Cranium much indented at the base of the bill. Nostrils lengthened. Ovate
cranium, flattened on the vertex; rounded behind; foramen-magnum large.
Bill much arched. Inferior maxillary bone much elongated backwards beyond its
articulation with the os quadratum. Inter obital foramen large.
Sternum indented with a very large fissure, which extends more than half the
length of the sternum, and is bounded by a narrow strip of bone, expanded at its ex-
tremity, and terminating at about half the length of the fissure; the posterior margin
rounded, and narrower than the anterior. In the young bird I suspect it is penetrated
with a smaller foramen on each side,.as my specimen has traces of them.
Ixeel very deep anteriorly ; the lower edge rounded, the front edges curved.
Pelvis very broad, much like the ground pigeon’s,
Ribs broad, flattened styliform process, much turned upwards.
Furculum rounded, but slightly flattened at its articulation with the coracoids.
Coracoids strong.
Scopula arched, expanded near the extremities and pointed at the extremities.
Wingbones of moderate length; the ulna much longer than the humerus.
Legbones with the metatarsi very short
Vertebral column strong
REMARKS.—This curious bird strongly resembles the ground pigeons in the form of the head,
sternum, and pelvis. It is figured in Owen’s Memoir on the Dodo.
SUPPLEMENT II. F 34
Measurements.
a)
Tenths | Tenths.
Jength of humerus ..0 ja... 5 . 17 Margin of posterior .
Heenethivor Ulin. 9-5 Wee takes 4 ele Breath of anterior ey be
Length of metacarpus . . . . 124 Mone MVOLCttO, ay ola eS
Lencthsof femutegegees wg +. 25 Depiheot keel. ave pas gk een amo
Inength oftibia,. 4.9 cae Ge) a ne 24 Length of head . cule Woe eh
Length of metatarsas , . . . 15 Breadth qornead Gi) gel ey jee een
Length of sternum ~ .,. . . 22 ihenethiotpelvis — acon ey eee
Breadth-of posterior-<a-) &.- Breadth of pelyis .-~. 17). 2 eae
| NUMBER OF. VERTEBRA.
Cer. Dor. Sac. Cand.
4 7 13 i
PALAMIDEID&. | OSTEOLOGIA AYVIUM. [PALAMEDEW &.
The birds belonging to the genera that constitute this family are very curious, so
much so that it is difficult to say where they ought to be classed. In many respects
they resemble the vultures, as in the structure of the furculum, cranium, and palatine
bones and pelvis, more particularly Neophron, while in the feet they resemble the
Rallide, and in the form of the posterior margin of sternum are not like
either, but the keel resembles the Vulturide. It is no wonder therefore that they have
been classed differently by authors, a few of whose opinions I shall proceed to quote.
Mr. G. Gray classes the genera Palamedea and Chauna, forming his family Palamedeide,
next to the Parride. He says they inhabit marshy places and inundated grounds, in the
northern parts of America, especially those that are situated near the sea. It is generally found
in pairs, and is very shy and timorous, but soon betrays itself by its loud calls. The seeds and
leaves of aquatic plants constitute its principal food.
These birds are peculiar to the northern parts of South and Central America. They are
observed in the marshes and occasionally on the borders of lakes and rivers, in pairs, or in troops
of many individuals. Their manners are shy, but when not seared their gait is slow and stately.
Their flight is easy and swift, and they are unable to run, except with the assistance of their
wings, They resort to rest on the tops of high trees. The Brazilian species is kept by the natives
amongst their poultry. It goes with them to feed during the day, and during this time proves
very useful in defending the poultry against the attacks of the numerous birds of prey, by means
of the spurs on the bend of its wings. If the wing of the bird is handled a erackling is felt,
which is caused by the quantity of air which is lodged between the skin and muscles. Marshy
and inundated places are preferred by these birds, as their food consists solely of the leaves of
aquatic plants, grapes, and seeds. Their nest is spacious, and made of small branches of trees, and
usually placed in a bush surrounded with water, but sometimes it is formed among reeds and
rushes. The female lays two eggs,
Castelnau, in his “Animaux ou Rares de |’ Amerique du sud,” gives a plate (15) of
Palamedee Cornuta and the sternum of Palamedze Derbyana, and (page 73) a description and
account of the two birds, in which he says they are very different from the moor-hen, rails, or
coots; and Illiger unites the genera Glarieola, Cereopsis, Chauna, Palamedea, and
Psophia, under the name of. Alectorides, from which they are very different. He also says, in
speaking of the sternum, that it presents an analogy to the Vulturide.
“ Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien von Maximilian Prinzen zu Weid” -
from which the following is a translation :—
“The Aniuma, from its great size and beauty, forms an ornament to the Brazilian forests. It
is dispersed over a large portion of South America, for it has been seen in Guiana, where Somnini
36
PALAMIDEIDS. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. [PALAMEDEIN &.
2]
found it ; it does not however appear to be found at Paraguay, as Azara makes no mention of it.
I myself never met with the bird in Brazil, until travelling from South to North [had reached the
island Caxoeirinka (Kaschoerinnia) in the river Belmonte, that is to say the sixteenth degree of
south latitude. I was told there that it had never been seen higher up the stream towards Minas.
In the neighbourhood of the above-named island in the Belmonte it is very numerous. It only
frequents lonely spots far removed from the habitations of man. I never met with it, as Sonnini
describes, in open places, only in the depths of the primeval forest on the bor lers of the river, after
I had made some days’ journey up the stream of the Belmonte. There we frequently heard the
loud, uncommon ery of this bird, which in its modulation has some resemblance to our own wood-
pigeon, but it is much louder and more shrill and the throat note is pitched in another key.
“ Sometimes we saw the Aniumas as they strutted on the sandbanks and in and out of the
river, If we approached them, they took fright, and then, both in the size and broad expanse of
‘their wings, and in their colour and manner of flapping them, they resembled the Urubus
(Cathartes Aura et Urubu). They always perched in the summit of some thickly-leaved forest
tree, where we constantly heard their voices, though we could seldom see the birds themselves.
In the breeding season the Aniuma pairs, at other times four, five or six are seen together ; they
go to feed on the sandbanks or in the thickly wooded marshes, which are so frequent in these
forests. The food of these birds appears to be entirely vegetable, at least in the five or six,
whose stomachs I have examined. I found nothing but leaves of a kind of grass plant and of
another broad-leaved grass plant.
“The nest of this bird is found on the ground in the wooded marshes near the river. The
Botocudians state that it contains two large white eggs, and consists of only one layer. The
young birds run at once on leaving the shell.
“The flesh of the Aniuma is not good eating; the Botocundians devour it all the more
greedily, as the Portuguese do not eat it at all. The fine long pinion feathers are used for writing,
the tail feathers are much valued by the savages for their arrows. There is a popular superstition
that this bird always dips his frontal horn into the water when he wishes to drink.”
Maregrave calls the Aniuma a bird of prey, in other respects he describes him very
correctly, and represents his voice tolerably correct by the word “ Vihu, Vihu.” He mentions
the great attachment subsisting between the male and female when paired, but of this the
Brazilian sportsmen made no mention to me. That the two sexes differ greatly in size, as
Marcegrave represents, is incorrect. That the nest has the shape of an oven, must, if the state-
ments of the Botocundians is to be believed, be a fable.
The following note was sent to me in reply to one of mine, by Mr. Bartlett, of the
Zoological Gardens of London :—
“Tn reply to your note, I find the Chauna and Palamideidz feed upon green food principally ;
they will also eat boiled rice, bread, and boiled Indian corn, but no flesh of any kind.”—
“ Yours faithfully, A. BARTLETT.”
37
PALAMIDEID &. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM.. [ PALAMEDEIN&.
PaLaMEDEA, Lin..
Cornuta, Lin.
Cranium with a deep hollow at the base of the bill, anterior to the orbits; upper
edge of the orbits projecting much over the orbit. Palatine bones broad at their pos-
terior ends, laterally projecting downwards, tapering forwards to a thin strip of bone.
Sternum with the posterior and anterior edges nearly equal in breadth.
Keel with the inferior edges arched and continued nearly to the posterior margin,
whichis indented with a broad fissure extending nearly the whole breadth of the
sternum, and bounded on each side with a broad strip of bone, in which there is a
smaller rounded fissure in the direction of the lateral margin.
Pelvis very broad posteriorly; ischiadie and obturator foramina large, splints
bounding the former long. End of the metacarpi furnished: with long, sharp spines,
pointing forwards.
Furculum very strong at the coracoid extremity ; much flattened laterally; atthe
opposite one more rounded.
Coracoids very strong.
Scapula slightly arched, flattened and pointed at the extremities.
X
Measurements.
Tenths. Tenths.
Length of humerus. . ... ~ - Margin of posterior
enetneomulna. . ... s- «4 a Sa, & Breadth of anterior
Length of metacarpus ... . margin of ditto. .
Wengthvorfemur> -. ws 4.6 Depth of keel . . .
Hbenpileettibiay 63%. 44 es). mle Length of head .
Length of metatarsus. . . . . Breadth of head :
Length of sternum. . . . -, » Length of pelvis
Breadth of posterior . - . . .~ Breadth of pelvis .
VERTEBRZ.
Cer, Dor. Sac. Cand.
1a: 2 LL 7.
38
PALAMIDEIDE. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. [ PaALAMEDEIN &.
CHAUNA,
Chavaria, Lin,
Cranium similar to Palamidea.
Sternum also similar, but not so much scolloped out behind, but without the small
lateral fissures.
Pelvis similar to Palamidea; terminal joint of the caudal vertebre very long and
pointed.
Ribs of moderate strength, without any styliform process.
Furculum very strong and broad, shorter than in Palamidea.
Coracoids shorter and stronger than in Palamidea.
Scapula similar.
Wingbones long; the ulna much longer than the humerus; the metacarpus armed
with a strong spine, pointing forwards at each extremity.
Legbones of moderate length and strength ; toes very long.
Vertebre of moderate strength ; short.
Measurements.
Tenths Tenths.
ene thvomhumerts <2... 08 Margin of posterior . 26
dzenethvot ulna, 2. «1% = (7 16 Breadth of Tite 30
Length of metacarpus . . . . 388 | margin of ditto
Wengthwor femur ys. 8s a OT Depth ofkeel. . . . . . . 14
Hengihoidtivia Wt .) eee os Oo Length of head. <n eee
Length of metatarsus . . . . 48 Breadth of head ~ . = |." te “Io
Length of sternum . . .. . 59 Fength Ot pelvis a. oo keene
Breadth of posterior. . . . . Breadth’ of pelvis) <9. uems me eee
NUMBER OF VERTEBRA.
Cer. Dor. Sac. Cand.
16 8 12 9
39
PHACTONIDE. | OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM, [ PHACTONYN.E.
Puatton, Lin.
/Ethereus, Lin.
Cranium long and hollow between the edges of the orbits; orbital septum perforated
with a large foramen ; a deep tranverse indentation at base of the bill. Occiput per-
pendicular ; occipital ridge well marked.
Sternum rather short in its horizontal position, with a moderate-sized fissure on each
side of the keel, which is much elongated anteriorly, and deep.
Pelvis broad ; the os pubis much elongated ; ischiatic foramen large.
Ribs thin and light, styliform processes short.
Furculum flattened ; broader at its junction with the keel, which is a little below
the point.
Coracoids light ; much expanded at their junction with the sternum.
Scapula very light; very slightly expanded near its hinder extremity; blunt at the
end.
Wingbones long.
Legbones short, very weak ; metatarsi with a deep groove down the front.
Vertebre strong, broad,
The birds of this genus very much resemble the Sternide in the form of the
sternum and pelvis.
Measurements,
Tenths. Tenths,
Length of humerus. . . . , 30 Marcin of-dittot.%. 4. Pe we LE
enstiorulnas jo 4 + 4) 88 Breadth of anterior . -,
Length of metacarpus . , . . Lod Marcinsof ditto (2 25. 0) = 24
Tenethotfemun. 4. = « 10 Depth of keel ee eS
Jiength oftibia . . .. .«. Is lenetheot head jo. = >. 38
Length of metatarsus . . . . 8 Breadth ofhead . , ... . 14
Length ofsternum , ... . 22 irene om pelyise msn 6 ie. | LO
Breadth of posterior. :; . . . Breadth of pelvist.« ©. -. . 4 12
NUMBERING OF VERTEBRE&.
Cer. Dor. Sac. Cand,
13 8 9
40
ALCIDE OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. ALCINE
Aca, Lin.
Impennis, Lin.
I have received a skeleton of this bird, which differs so much from the figure in the
“ Zoological Transactions,” that I should almost think there must be two species of
Great Auk. Mr. Ed. Gerrard, from whom I received my skeleton, gives this account
of it :
“You may perhaps like to know how I got these bones. They were got from a guano island
off the North of Newfoundland. A vessel was sent there to see if the guano was worth anything
for manure. It was found to be useless, owing to. the island being so washed by the sea that all
the nature was washed out of the guano. While digging about, one of the gentlemen came across
a quantity of bones, which he took to Mr. Woodward, of the British Museum, and they turned
out to be the bones of the Great aie, OW! bought the whole, and after spending a great deal of
time in sorting them over, I have been able to make out three tolerably perfect skeletons, the
best of which I have given you the refusal of.”
Pl. 27 ; details 27a.
42
LIST OF PLATES OF SKELETONS OF BIRDS,
THAT HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED,
CaSTELNAU : Animaux, noveaux ou rares L’Amerique, du sud,
Anatomie Oiseaux.
Pl. 14: Opisthocomus Cristatus.
Pl. 15, fig. 1-5: Palamedea Cornuta.
Pl. 15, fig. 6: Palamedea Derbyana.
Pl. 16, fig. 1-5: Dicholophus Cristatus.
Pl, 17, fig. (1-5) : Psophia Crepitans.
Do. (6-7) : Cymbops Cancrophaga.
Isis, 1873, pl. 5—Murie.
Fragments of Upupa Epops.
Ditto a 2: Minor.
Ditto Tirpisor +; Erythrorhyncha.
“) 34 Senegalensis.
1862, pl. 10:
Do. ,, Colius Leucotis.
Conrriputions to ORNITHOLOGY, by Sir. W. Jarpine, Bart.,
1850.
Pl. 53 ; Ramphastos Erythrorhynchus.
Pl. 54: Psilopogon Pyrolophus. .
ReEsercueEs sur L’apparel sternal des Oiseaux, par Docteur
F. J. Herminier, second Edit., 1828, with 3 plates of the
sterna of 37 genera.
TRANSACTIONS of the ZooLocicaL Society, Vol 6.
Pl. 91 Skeleton and details of Rhinochetus
jubatus.
Do, Vol.5: Osteology of Gallinaceous birds and Tinamous,
Pl. 34, 35, 36, 37, 88, 39, 40, 41, 42.
Description of the Skeleton of the great Auk,
Alca impennis, Pl. 51, 52.
Do. Vol. 4: on the Osteology of a Baleniceps Rex Gould, by
_ W. K. Parker.
Pl. 65, 66, 67.
Vol. 2: the Anatomy of the southern Apteryx, by R. Owen,
Esq., pl. 47—55.
Resercues Anatomrqgurs et PaLmontroLeiques pour servir
a l’Histoire des Oiseaux Fossiles de la France, par Mons.
Alphonse Milne Edwards, 1867, 1868.
Pl. 11 : Biziura Lobata, Skeleton of.
Pl. 12: Fragments of Cygnus Olor Chloephaga
Magellanica, Anser Albifrous, Cereopsis Nova
Hollandiee.
Pl. 13 : Fragments of Anas Boschas, Pecilonitta
Bahamensis, Oidemia Nigra, Melanitta Fusca,
Hrismatura Rubida, Somateria Mollissima,
Mergus Merganser, Anser Albifrous.
Pl. 14: Fragments of Fuligula Fusca, F. Nigra,
F, Ferina, Cygnus Olor.
Pl. 15: Fragments of Fuligula Fusca, Anas
Boschas, Tadorna Belloni, Fuligula Ferina,
Mergus Merganser.
Pl. 16: Fragments of Anas Boschas, Cygnus
Olor, Cygnus Atratus, Fuligula Fusca, Anas
Bosheas.
Pl. 17: Fragments of Anas Boschas, Cygnus
Furus, Cereopsis Nove Hollandie, Fuligula
Fusca.
Pl. 18: Fragments of Anser Albifrons, Bernicla
Leucopis, Chenalopex Algyptiaca, Anas |
RESERCHES ANATOMIQUES, &c.
Boschas, Anas Clypeata.
Pl. 19: Fragments of Anas Orecca, Fuligula
Fusca, Plectropterus Gambensis, Cygnus
Olor, Fuligula Nigra.
Pl. 20: Fragments of Fuligula Nigra, F. Fusca,
Anas Boschas, Plectropterus Gambensis
Fuligula Ferina.
Pl. 80: Skeleton of Plotus Melanogaster.
Pl. 81: Fragments of Pelecanus Philippensis,
Graculus Carbo, G. Africanus, Plotus
Melanogaster, Tachypetes Aquila.
Pl. 82: Fragments of Sula Bassana, Pheton
Phenicurus, Podoa Senegalensis, Heliornis
Surinamensis, Pelicanus Philippensis, Graculus
Carbo, Plotus Melanogaster.
Pl. 33: Fragments of Sula Bassana, Pheton
Phenicurus, Graculus Carbo Plotus Melano-
gaster.
Pl. 34: Fragments of Sula Bassana, Graculus
Carbo.
Pl. 35: Fragments of Pelecanus Philippensis,
Tachypetes Aquila, Graculus Carbo, Sula
Bassana.
Pl. 836: Fragments of Sula Bassana, Tachypetes
Aquila, Graculus Carbo.
Pl, 84: Fragments of Plotus Melanogaster,
Graculus Carbo, Sula Bassana, Tachypetes
Aquila.
Pl. 46: Fragments of Colymbus Septentrionalis,
Podiceps Cristatus, Alca Torda.
Pl. 47: Fragments of Podiceps Minor, P. Cris-
tatus, Colymbus Septentrionalis, Alca Torda.
Pl. 48 : Fragments of Colymbus Septentrionalis,
Podiceps Cornutus, Cephus Minor, Podiceps
Cristatus, Alcea Torda.
Pl. 49 : Fragments of Colymbus Septentrionalis,
Podiceps Cristatus, Puffinus Cinereus.
Pl. 50: Skeletons of Prion Vittatus, Larus
Hautlaubii.
Pl. 51: Fragments of Larus Argentatus, Puffinus
Cinereus.
Pl. 52: Do. » of Larus Canus, Puffinus
Cinereus, Larus Argentatus.
Pl. 538: Do. » Larus Canus, Puffinus
Cinereus, Larus Argentatus.
Pl. 59 : Skeleton of Lobivonellus Lobatus.
Pl.60: Fragments of Numenuis Arquatus,
Limosa Melanurus, Hematopus Ostralegus,
Scolopax Rusticola, Totanus Glottis.
Pl. 61: Do. Numenius Arquatus, Totanus
Glottix, Tringa Subarquata.
Pl. 62: Do. Hematopus Ostralegus, Dromas
Ardeola, Machetes Pugnax, Charadrius
Pluvialis, Numenius Phzopus, MRanellus
Cayanensis.
Pl. 65 : Skeleton of Scopus Umbretta.
Pl. 66: Fragments of Anastomus Lamelligerus,
Ibis Rubra, Ciconiaf Alba, Platalea Leucorodia
ResercHes ANATOMIQUES, &c.
Scopus Umbretta.
P1L67: Do. Ibis Rubra.
Pl. 68: Do. Anastomus lLamelligerus, Ibis
Rubra.
Pl. 73: Do. Grus Australasianus.
Pl. 74: Do. Grus Antigone, Grus Australa-
sianus, Balearica Pavonina.
Pl. 77: Do. Pheenicopterus Roseus.
Pl. 783 Do. Do,
Tere Boy Do.
Pl. 91: Skeleton of Cancroma Cochlearia.
Pl. 92: Fragments of Ardea Purpurea, Ardea
Nycticorax, Cancroma Cochlearia.
Pl.93: Do. Ardea Nycticorax, Cancroma
Cochlearia, Ardea Purpurea.
Pl.94: Do. Ardea Purpurea, Cancroma
Cochlearia,
P1.95: Do. Ardea Purpurea, Cancroma
Cochlearia, Ardea Candidissima.
Pl. 97 : Skeleton of Tribonyx Mortieri.
Pl. 98: Fragments of Porphyrio Madagascari-
ensis, Gallinula Chloropus, Rallus Crex,
Metopidius Africanus.
Pl.99: Do. Fulica Atra, F. Cristata, F.
Chilensis.
|
Pl. 100: Do. Ocydromus Australis, Porphyrio
Madagascariensis, Fulica Cristata, F. Atra,
Gallinula Chloropus, Rallus Crex.
Pl. 101 : Do. Porphyrio Madagascariensis, Fulica
Atra, Ocydromus Australis.
Pl. 102: Fragments of Fulica, Atra Porphyrio
Madagascariensis, Ocydromus Australis,
Rallus Cayanensis.
Pl. 111 : Skeleton of Catheturus Nove
Hollandie.
Pl. 112: Do. Ortalis Vetula.
PILLS: Do Favo Spicivorus, Prelatus
Phasianus, Gallus Sonneratii, Satyra
Temminkii, Lophophorus Impeyanus.
Pl. 114: Fragments of Polyplectron Germani,
Francolinus Asie, Argus Giganteus
Tetraogallus Himalayensis, Tetrao Urogallus.
Pl. 115: Do. Meleagris Gallopavo, Numida
Ptilorhyncha, Perdix Greca, P. Petrosa,
Cryptonyx Cristatus, Ortyx Californica,
Coturnix Communis, Crax Globicera,
Penelope Marail, Ortalida mot mot.
Pl. 116: Do. Francolinus Asie, Gallus
Sonneratii, Perdix Greca, Tetraogallus
Himalayensis, Tetrao Urogallus, Penelope
Marail.
Pl. 117: Fragments of Tetrao Saliceti, Gallus
Sonneratii, Phasianus Preelatus.
Pl. 118: Do. Francolinus Asiz, Penelope
Obscura.
Pl. 119: Do. Gallus Sonneratii, Tetrao Scoticus,
Meleagris Gallopavo, Penelope Obscura,
Cryptonyx Cristatus, Satyra Temminckii.
Pl 120: Do. Perdix Cinerea, Ortyx Californicus,
Penelope Obscura, Pavo Spicivorus, Tetrao
Scotius, Gallus Sonneratii.
Pl. 121: Do. Gallus Sonneratii, Tetrao
Scoticus, Phasianus Prelatus, Cryptonyx
Cristatus, Perdix Greca, P. Petrosa, Ortyx
Resercues Anatomiquss, &c.
Californica, Penelope Marail.
Pl. 122: Do. Payo Spicivorus, Lopohorus
Impeyanus, Penelope Marail, Tetrao Scoticus.
Pl. 123: Do. Crax Globicera, Pavo Spiciferus.
Pl. 135: Skeleton of Carpophaga Aunea.
Pl. 136: Skeleton of Pterocles Arenarius.
Pl.137: Fragments of Goura Coronata,
Galeatus, Columba WNicobarica, Pterocles
Bicinctus, Syrrhaptes Paradoxus.
Pl. 138: Fragments of Pterocles Bicinctus,
Carpophaga Ainea, Goura Coronata, Syrrhaptes
Paradoxus.
Pl. 139: Do. Phceenorhina Goliath, Syrrhaptes
Paradoxus, Carpophaga Ainea, Calenas
Nicbarica, Pterocles Arenarius.
Pl, 140: Do. Goura Coronata, Carpophaga
/Hinea, Serresius Galeatus, Carpophaga Aunea,
Calenas Nicobarica, Syrrhaptes Paradoxus.
Pl. 142: Skeleton of Corvus Jamaicensis.
Pl 143: Skeleton of Dendrornis Eburneirostrum,
Ramphocoris Clotbey.
Pl. 144: Fragments of Lanius Rufus, Picolaptes
Tenurostris, Xiphorhynchus Procurvus.
Turdus Viscivorus, Corvus Corax, Pyrrhocorai
Alpinus, Rupicola Peruviana, Loxia
Coccothraustes, Sylvia Bicinca.
Pl. 145: Corvus Corax, Pyrrhocorax Alpinus,
Turdus Gigas, Rupicola Peruviana, Loxia
Coccothraustes, Alauda Cristata, Sylvia
Luscinia, Cristatus, Parus Major.
Pl. 146: Fragments of Corvus Corax, Loxia
Coccothraustes, Turdus Viscivorous, Hirundo
Rupestris, Sylvia Luscinia.
Pl. 147: Do. Corvus Corax, Pyrrhocorax ”
Alpinus, Loxia Coccothraustes, Alauda
Cristata, Hirundo Kupestris, Motacilla
Flava.
Pl. 148: Do. Pyrrhocorax Alpinus, Corvus
Glandarius, Corvus Carnivorus, Loxia
Coccothraustes, Alauda OCristata, Turdus
Viscivorus.
Pl. 149: Do. T.oxia Coccothraustes, Hirundo
Urbica, Regulus Cristatus, Cinclus Aquaticus,
Lanius Rufus, Turdus Cyaneus. Corvus
Carnivorus.
Pl. 150: Do. Corvus Carnivorus, Loxia Cocco-
thraustes, Pyrrhocorax Alpinus, Cassicus Persi-
cus, Alauda Calandra. f
Pl. 163: Skeleton of Picys Martius,
Pl. 164: Do. Dacelo Gigantea.
Pl. 165:
Pl. 166: Skeleton of Turacus Persa.
Pl. 167: Skeleton of Trogon Atricollis and
Cypselus Longipennis.
Pl. 168: Do. Centropus Phillippensis.
Pl. 169: Fragments of Upupa Epops, Cypselus
Apus, Merops Egyptius, Dacelo Gigantea,
Caprimulgus Europxus, Tockus Erythrorhyn-
chus, Trogon Curucui, Turacus Persa, Rham-
phastos Cuvierii, Picus Viridis, Cuculus
Canorus.
Pl. 170: Do. Turacus Persa, Tochus Erythror-
hynchnus, Dacelo Gigantea, Picus Viridis,
Cuculus Canorus, Cypselus Apus.
Resrrcues ANATOMIQUES, &c.
Pl.171: Do. Cypselus Apus,
Eudynamys Orientalis,
Turacus Persa,
Trogon Vividis.
Pl. 172: Do. Cypselus Apus, Picus Viridis,
Megalaima Armillaris, Caprimulgus Europzus,
Upupa Epops, Turacus Persa, Dacelo Gigantea,
Tochus Erythrorhynchus, Cuculus Canorus,
Trogon Vividis.
Picus
Dacelo
Caprimulgus
Viridis,
Gigantea,
Europeus,
Pl. 173: Do. Tochus Erythrorhynchus, Dacelo
Gigantea, Picus Viridis, Turacus Persa,
Cuculus Canorus, Cypselus Apus, Upupa
Epops, Trogon Vividis.
Pl. 174: Do. Tochus Erythrorhynchus, Picus
Viridis, Dacelo Gigantea, Alcedo Ispida,
Trogon Vividis.
Pl.179: Do. Gypaetos Barbatus, Pandion
Haliztus, Falco Peregrinus, Pernis Apivorus,
Sarcoramphus Papa, Serpentarius Reptilivorus.
PI. 180: Do. Sarcoramphus Papa, Falco Pere-
grinus.
Pl. 181: Do. Sarcoramphus Papa, Falco Pere-
erinus.
Pistse Io: Ditto.
Pl. 189: Do. Bubo Atheniensis, Nyctea Nivea,
Athene Noctua, Brachyotus Palustris, Surnai
Borealis; Strix Flammea.
Pl. 196: Do. Bubo Atheniensis.
Pl.-191: Do. Ditto.
Pl. 198: Skeleton Strix, Nyctea Fossil.
~ Pl. 195: Skeleton Macrocercus Ararauna.
Pl. 196: Fragments of Cacatua Moluccensis,
Macroeercus Ararauna, Coracopsis Rara,
Psittacus Hrythacus, Nymphicus Nova
Hollandia.
RESERCHES ANATOMIQUES, &c.
Pl. 197: Fragments of Macrocercugs Ararauna,
Cacatua Moluccensis.
Pl. 198: Do. Cacatua Moluccensis, Macrocercus
Ararauna, Psittacus Erythacus.
Pl. 199: Do. Cacatua Moluccensis, Macrocercug
Ararauna.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1872.
Pl. 4, 5, Murie on the Skeleton of Todus.
Memoir on the Dodo, by Richard Owen, Esq. Outline of
Didunculus, pl. 3.
Cyclopedia of Anatomy, Vol. 1, fig. 125, Trochilus Pella, by
R. Owen, Esq.
Anatomy of the Southern Apteryx, by Prof. Owen; Transac-
tions of the Zoological Society, Vol. 2, page 257.
On the Osteology of Baleniceps, by W. R. Parker; Transac-
tions of the Zoological Society, Vol. 4, page 269.
On the Osteology of Gallinaceous Birds and Tinamous, by
W.R. Parker: Transactions of the Zoological Society,
Vol. 5, page 149.
Description of the Skeleton of the Great Auk, by Prof. Owen :
Transactions of the Zoological Society, Vol. 5, page 317.
On the Osteology of the Dodo, by Prof. Owen: Transactions
of the Zoological Society, Vol. 6, page 49.
On the Osteology of the Kagu, by W. R. Parker: Transac-
tions of the Zoological Society, Vol. 5, page 501.
On some points in the Anatomy of Micropterus, by R. O.
Cunningham: Transactions of the Zoological Society, Vol.
7, page 493.
Notes on the Articulated Skeleton of the Dodo, by Prof.
Owen: Transactions of the Zoological Society, Vol. 7,
page 513.
PL.aas
MéNHanhart imp
tron nat. on stone ly Tiextebez,
DIDUNCULUS STRIGIROSTRIS.
eaten oe
Nat, size.
M&N Hanhart wp.
Fron net. on stone by JErrleben.
DIDUNCULUS STRIGIROSTRIS.
from nat.on stone by J Eratehen. Mk NHanbart mp.
PALAMEDEA CORNUTA.
PL. 24,A.
Nat. size.
4/3 Nat. size.
MkNAanhart wap,
from nat. on stone by JErrleben.
PALAMEDEA CORNUTA.
fe ABpeatos
43 Nat. size.
from nak. on stone by JExzleben. Mi NHanhart wp.
CHAUNA CHAVARIA.
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size.
Nat.
. S1Ze.
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Mk NHantiirt
Loe 1, Oe stone Ly JErxleben.
CHAUNA. CHAVARIA.
Pi om Nak Gn stone Ly | Frxlebe2.
PHAETON ZETHERENS.
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1Ze.
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PHAETON A THEREUS.
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