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Notes
< V US3I , ^'j J* 5^1 yu^jJI f lSjSl JjI «aai ^j^Jl /i^j, ^ijl jj
. y^i *o csou ^ oLJL v l»3l Jjj J, JjU lili 4L> f ujSI cJlf |ju
CHAPTER I
1. Plato, Works, Jowett \x.\Phaedo,
109.
2. Semple, Ellen, Geography of the
Mediterranean Region, N.Y.,
1931, 99, 607.
3. Evans r Sir Arthur, Palace of
Minos, London, 1921 f, I, 20.
4. Homer, Odyssey, tr. A.T. Murray,
Loeb Classical Library, London,
1927, xix, 172-7.
5. Aristotle, Polities, 12jib.
*. Ludwlg, Emll, Sfhliemann,
Boston 1931, 964-5; Olotz \Q.\
Aegean Cevtlizatton, N.Y., 1925,
14; Cambredg Ancient History
(nereafter referred to as CAH),
bl.Y., l924f, I, 1-S.
7.^Evans, I, 18; Hall, H.R., Civili-
zation of Greece in the Bronze
Age' N.Y., 1997; 27; Olotz, 30- 1,
67, 348; CAH, I, 68B-90.
8. Evans. I, 26.
9. Ibid., I, 27; Olotz, 3P, 40; CAH,
1, 597-8.
10. Olotz, 60-4; Baikle, Jas.. Sett-
kings oj Crete, Lonion, 192)5,
212-3.
11. Hall. 27; Olotz, 68-73.
12. Kdhler, Carl, History of Cos-
tume, N Y., 192:5, frontispiece^
Evans. Ill, 49.
13. CAH, I, 596 : Olotz, 65-6, 75-8,
311, and fig. 6.
14. Cf. Evuns. Ill, 227.
19. Olotz, 147-8; CAH, II, 437.
20. Thucydldes, History of the
Peloponnesian War, Evryman
Library, I, 1.4; cf. Herodotus,
History, tr. Rawhlinson, Lodon,
1862, vii, 170, and Diodorus Sic-
ulus, Library of History, v, 78.
21. Strabo, Geography, Loeb, Lib-
rary, x, 4.8; Olotz, 149; Evanc,
I, 2, IV, p. xxii; (AH, II 442;
Homer, Odyssey, xi\ 668-70.
22. Ibid., iii, 396.
23. Olotzj 139-42; 1734; Baikie,
120, l)29-i3l.
21. Evans/ 1, facing 305, III. 13f;
CAH, I, 591, 605,11, 432; Olotz,
106-9, 163-4; Baikie, 97.
25. Evans, I, facing 472; Olotz, 169,
70, 293/
26. Evans./ill, 213; Hall, 16; Olotz,
294 6, 312-31. '
27.' Evans, I, 15.
28. Ibid., 161; Olotz, 229, 217-41,
218-9, 256; Farnill, L.R , Greece
and Babylon, Edinburgh, 1911,
228; NllBspn, M.P., History of
Greek 'typgion, Oxford, 1925,
13, questions any worship of
the bull U Crete.
29. Glotz, 146./244-7; Evans, IV 468-9.
80. Ibid.; Olotz, 252-4.
31. Ibid., 231-8, 265-70; 273-4; Far-
nell, 125; Reinash. S., Orp toe.
N.Y., 1930, 33; Nilsson, 13, 16;
CAH, II, 444-5.
-Ytr=
33. Miion. W. A , History of the
Art of Writing, N.Y., 1920, 815-
88, 3S1; Evans, I, 16, 124f. IV,
xx, 959; Olotz, 150, 196, 371-7,
881-7; Encyclopaedia Britannic*,
14th ed., I, 913; CAH, II, 437;
Whlbley, L., Companion to Greek
Stedfts, Cambridge U.P., 1916-96
33. Olotz, 165, 388; Baikle, 238.
34* Homer, Iliad, xvlii, 690.
35. Olotz, 174, 821,
36. Evaue, I, 848-4; Evans in Baikle,
71 ; Relnach, 82; Pliny, Natural
History, London, 1855, xxxvi,
19; Olotz, 108.
37. Hall, 102.
38. Evans, I, 142, III, 252-1; Bur-
rows, R.M., In Baikle, 99, and
Semple, 670.
39. Evans, III, 116-22.
■40. In Baikle, 129.
40a. Evans. Sir Arthur, "The Mino-
an and Mycenaean Element In
Hellenic Life", Journal of Hdle-
nie Studies, XXXII (1912), 277f;
Hall, 87.
41. Evans, Palace of Minos, I, 17.
49. Ibid., 16-7; Smith, Human Bis-
torn, 378-90; Hall, 35; Olotz,
191-3, 209; Speng'er, Qswald,
Decline of the Vest, N.Y., 1996
■8, II, 88.
43. Strabo, xiv, 2.27; Evans,"Minoan
and Mycenaean Element," 288.
44. Herodotus, vii, 170 : CAH, II,
475; Smith, Q.E , 398.
45. Baedeker, K-, Greece, Leipzig,
1909, 417.
46. CAH, I, 443-3.
47. Himes, Norman, Medical Bislorp
of I Contraception, Baltimore,
1936, 187.
48. Orate, Q, History of .Greece,
Everyman Library, 1, 190;Orazer,
Sirjas., Dying God, N.Y., 1935. 71
49. Dlodorus, iv, 76. '
50. Ibid., 79 Qvld, Metamorphoses,
Loeb Library, viil, 18lf.
61. Pausaniaa, Description of Greece
London, 1886, ix, 40.
59. Plutrach, Lives, "Thesem--;
Homer, Odyssey, xi, 821-5.
53. E.g. f Polybins, Histories, Loeb
Library, vi, 45.
54. Strabo, x, 4.16-22.
CHAPTER II
1. Schliemann, H. i /#m,N.Y.1881,3.
2. Ibid, 9.
3. Ibid., 17.
4. Ludwig, p. ix.
6. Schliemann, 14-16.
6. Lndwig, 137.
7. Ibid., 182-8, 183, 284.
8. Schliemann, 26.
9. Ibid., 41; Ludwig, 139, 165
10. Schliemann, H., Meeenae, N.Y.,
1878, 101-9.
11. Homer, Iliad., ii, 559.
12. Ludwig, 284.
18. Ibid., 956-7.
14. Pausanias, Ii, 25.
16. Warren, HL., Foundations •/
Classic Architecture, N. Y., 1919
124-5; Pausanias, II, 26.
16. Ibid., ii, 15.
17. Iliad, ii, 69, vii, 180; Odyssey,
lil, 806.
18. Pausanias, ii, 16.
19. Schliemann, Mycenae, 29Bf;CAH
II, 462-3; Olotz, 46; Enc. BriU,
XVI, 38.
30. Hall, I; Nllsaon, II; Olotz, 31-3;
Whibley, 27.
20a. Murray, A.S., History of Greek
Sculpture, London, 1890, I, 61.
31. Herodotus, ii, 51, 67.
23. Pansanias vii, 2-8J Hall, ii.
23. Ibid.; Olotz, 47; Evans, I, 38;
CAH, I, 608.
34. Lippert, J., Evolution of Culture,
N.Y., 1931, 171.
85. Olotz, 47-8.
36. These frescoes are all in the
National Museum at Athens.
They are reproduced in Roden-
woldt, 0., Kunts der Antike,
Berlin, 1927, 1431.
37. Schliemann, lios, 381-3.
YYi —
29. National Museum, Athens; Evans
III, 13i; Rodenwaldt, 148-9.
30. Nat. Mus., Athens; Rodenwaldt,
152.
81. Evans, III, 1»8; Olotz, 888.
32. Oardiner, P., New Chapters in
Greek History, N.Y., 1892, 178;
Hvans, "Minoan and Mycenaean
Element," 28; Mason, 327-8;
Farnell, 97-8.
33. Schliemann, Itions, 587.
34. Ludwig, 280. He was later
financed by Kaiser Wllhelm II.
86. CAH, II, 489-90.
86. Schliemann, llios 453-505; Enc*
Brit, XXII, 502-8.
37. CAH, II, 488; Schliemann, llios,
123.
38. Bury, J.B., History of Greece.
London, 1931, 46; CAH, II, 487.
39. Iliad, xx, 230f. |
40. Herodotus, il, 118; Strabo, xlii,
1.48.
41. Murray! O., Rise of the Qreek
Epic, Oxford, 1934, 49.
42. Ramsay, Sir—., Asiatic Elements
in Greek Cirilizatton, Yale U.P,
1928, 109.
43. Berard, M., in Semple, 699;
Murray, Epic. 88.
44. Schliemand, llios, 240, 253;
Bury. 48; Qlotz, 197, 217.
CHAPTER III
1. CAH, II, 276-83; Olotz, 90.
2. Iliad, II 681.
3. Rldgeway, Sir— m., Early Age
of Greece, Cambridge U.P.,1901,
88-90, 337, 680, 682-4, etc.
4. CAH, II, 478; Hall, 248, 289.
5. Burry. 6; Olotz, 386-7.
6. Nllsson, 61.
7. Odyssey, sx, 588f ; Diodorus, Iv.77.
8. Thucydider, i, 1.8, ii, 6.15.
9. Diodorus, iv, 9.
10, One form of the legend tells
bow Heraeles triumphed • over
fifty virgins In s single night.—
, Athenaeus, Detpuosophisis. Or
Banquet of the Learned, London,
1854, xili, 4; Pausanias, ix, 27.
11. Diodorus, iv, 85, 53.
12. Ibid., Iv, 57-8.
18. Ibid iv, 41-8.
14. CAH, II, 475, III, 662.
16. Iliad, ii, 683, iii, 76.
16. Ibid., xxili, 198.
17. xxiv, 228.
18. xxix, 186. ,
19. xviii, 641, xxi, 257; Keller, AG.,
Homeric Society, N.Y., 1902, 78.
20. Iliad, v, 87-9.
21. Olotz, O., Ancient Greece at
Work, N.Y., 1926, 36.
22. Odyssey, xx, 72.
23. Symour, T.D., Life In the Houe-
ric Age, N.Y, I9O7, 234, 209-10.
24. Olotz. Ancient Greece, 88; Ridge-
way in Boisford, G,— ., Athenian
Constitution, N.Y., 1895, 82.
25. Ibid., 35; Pohlmann, R. von,
Gesehlchte der soztalen Fragt'
and desSozialisnus in der antiken
Welt, Munchen, 1925, 6, 1, 29;
Browne, H., Handbook of Home-
ric Study, London, 1908, 209;
Seymour 286, 273; Burry 64.
26. Iliad, xxlii, 826.
27. Ibid., xxiil, 341.
28. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 45.
29. Ibid., 42; Calhoun. O.M., Busi-
ness Life of Ancient Athens,
Chicago, 1926, 13.
30. Odyssey, xv, 8Sf,
31. Ibid., vi, 116.
32. xiv, 202.
38. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 281 f.
84. Mad, xlx, 247.
35. Ibid., ii, 210f.
36. Odyssey, xxl, 224-6.
37. Ibid., iv, 184.
88. Iliad, ix, 74.
89. Odyssey, vi, 207.
40. Ibid., iv, 20; 267-8.
41. xv, 82f.
42. vlH, 870f.
43. Oardiner, E.N., Athletics of the
Ancient World, Oxford, 1930,
27; Mahaffy, J.P.. Sodai Lift i*
Greece. N.Y..gl925. 51.
-TTo
44. Gardiner, E.N., 21-3; Iliad xxiii,
166f.
45. Thucydides, i, 1.5.
46. Odyssey, vlii, 158f.
47. Ibid., ix, 39f.
48. Iliad, x, 383.
49. Odyssey, xili, 287-95.
50. Ibid., ii, 234, iv 1 690, xiv, 138-141
51. Ibid., i, 87, viii, 14; Iliad, ii, 169
52. Odyssey, i, 57-9; Iliad, xx, 18
53. Odyssey, xvli, 280
54. Athenaeus, xili, 8 ; Harrison,
Jane, Prolegomena to the study
of Greek Religion, Cambridge
U.P., 1922, 260-2.
55. Athenaeus, xiii, 4
66. Iliad, xviii, 693
57. Ibid., xviii, 490
58. vi, 169
69. Odyssey, 1, 153, 325, viH, 43-64,
xxi, 406-8
60. Ibid., xxi, 46
61. Iliad, vi, -318-7
62. Ibid., 1. 249
S3, iii, 292
64. Murray, Epic, 129
65. Sumner, — .Q., and Keller, A.O.,
Seiedee of Society, New Haven,
1928, I, 658
66. CAH, II, 478; Murray Epic, 174
67. Whibley, 30
68. Pliny, xxxvi, 64
69. Orote, I, 77
70. Ptutarch, De StoieorumRepug-
nantiis, 83, in Bakewell, CM.,
Source Book in Ancient Philoso-
phy, N.Y., 1909, 278
71. Iliad, vi, 406
72. Ibid., viii, 542
73. CAH, III, 670
74. Odyssey, Iv, 621
75. Butcher and Lang, Odyssey, N.
Y., 1927, introd., xxiv
77. Seymour, 73
78. Odyssey, v, 151-8
79. Ibid., vi, 239
80. Nllssu, 4-5
81. Oydssey, xix, 177
82. Thucydides, i, 1.2
83. Herodotus, i, 68
84. Evans, IV, 477, 9B9
85. Fauaanias, iii, 2.
86. Ridder, A. de, and Deonna, — . y
Art in Greece, N.Y., 1927, 167
CHAPTER !V
1. Plato, Phaedrus, 244; Frazer,
Magic Art, N.Y., 1935, II, 358;
Reinach, Orpheus, 98; CAH,
II, 629
8. Orote, IV, 196
3. Mahaffy, J. P., What Have the
Greeks Done for Civilization ?
N.Y., 1909, H
4. Plato, Timaeus, 28-3
5. Herodotus, ii, 143
6. Ibid., ii, 63, 81, 123; Dlodorus,
1, 96; Harrison, Prolegomena,
574-5
7. Herodotus, ii, 109 ; Strabo, xvit,
3 : Diodorus, i, 69 ; Smith, Q.E.,
417-8 ; Rider, 7, 341.
8. Ibid.; Smith, 418-29; Warren,
Foundations, 193-4
9. Glotz, Ancient Greece. 128;
Day, C, Bistory of Commerce,
London, 1926, 14
10. Olmostead, A. T., History of
Assyria, N.Y., 1923. 537
11. Herodotus, ii, 109
18. Orote, IV, 184
18. Heath, Sir Thos., Bistory of
Greek Mathematics, Oxford, 1931
I, 44, II, 21 ; CAH, IV, 539
14. Ridder, 840 ; Anderson, W. J.
and Spiers, R.P., Architecture of
Greece and Rome, London, 1902
49; Gardner, E.A., Handbo
Greek Sculpture London, 1920,
61-2
. 16. Cook, A. B., Zeus, Cambridge
U.P. 1914, 777.
16. Strabo, viii, 6; CAH, III, 640-2;
Orote, III, 96
17. Herodotus, ill, 131
18. Oardner, E. A., Handbook, 365.
19. Pausanlas, iv, 6-14
20. Strabo, vii, 5.4
— YY1 —
21. Muller, K.O., in Rawlinton's
Herodotus vil, 234n. The calcu-
lation is for 48o B.G., Meyer,'
Ed.,' Qesehichte des Alterthums,
Stuttgart, 1884f. Ill,' §§ 263-4,
gives the population of Loconia
ca. 470 as 12,-000 Spartans (4000
adult males), 80,000 Perioeci,
and 190,000 Helots.
22. CAH, V, 7 .
23. Plutarch, Spartan Institutions,
in Lyra Graeca, London, 1928,
III, 387; Mahaffy, Social Life,
45; Cicero, in Cotterill, H.B.,
History of Art, N.Y., n.d., I, 61
24. Grot*, IV, 264
So. Greek Anthology, ix, 488, in
Lyra Grtteca, I, 29
28. Orote, III, 195; Murray, Sir O.,
History of Ancient Qreeck Lite-
rature, N.Y., 1927, 80
27. In Ridder, 106
28. Orote, III, 195
29. Mahaffy, J.P., History of Clas-
sical Qreeck Literature, London,
1908, I, 189; Saeroix, -Paul,
History of Prostitution, N.Y.,
1981) I, 149-50
30. Alcman, Free. 36 in Lyra
Greaca, I, 77
.81. Das Oxf order -Buck Deutsehen
Dlchlung, Oxford, 1936, 117
31. Ooethe, J. V. von, Poetical
Works Mfcbbb, N.Y,, 1909, 61.
33t Glover, T.R., Democrrey In the
Antienl World, Cambridge U.P,
1927,. 84
34. Herodotus, I, 85
85. Aristotle, Politics, 1271b
86. Plutarch, "Lycurgus"
87. Ibid
38. Ibid.; Polybius, vi, 48
89. Thucydides, i; 6
40. E.g., Polybius, vi, 10
41. Plutarch, "Lycurgus"
48. Ototz, Ancient Greece, BB
48. Coulonges, Fustel de, Ancient
City, Boston, 1901, 460
44. Plutarch, I.e.
45. Ibid., Orote, III, 148
46. Thucydides, iv, 14
47. Coulanges, 294; Olotz, G„ Greek
City, London, 1929, 300; Carroll,
M., Greek Women, Phila., 1908,
136
48. Mahaffy. J. P., Old Greek
Education. N.Y.,.ri.d., 10
49. Hesiod, Callimucbus, and Theo-
gnis, Works, tr. Banks and Frere,
London, 1856, 44 In.
50. Plutarch, I.e.; Orote, III, 157;
.Muller-Lyer, F„ Family, N.Y.,
1931, 45
51. Thucydides, i, 3
52. Nilsaon, 94
53. Mahaffy, Greek Education 46-
54. Plutarch, "Demetrius."
55. Xenophon, Anabasis, Loeb Lib-
rary, Iv, 6.15
56. Symonds, J. A., Greek Poets,
London, 1920, 159
57. Becker, — ., Charicles, London,
1886, 246, 297
58. Carroll, 138-40; Weigall, A.,
Sapphoof Lesbos, N.Y., 1932, 101
69. Plutarch, "Lycurgus" ; Llppert,
301
60. Athenaeus, xiil, 2
61. — hibley, 618
62. Orote, III, 155-6; Sumner,-— . 0*
Folk-ways, Boston, 1906, 351
63. Athenaeus, xiii, 2
64. Plutarch, "Numa and Lycurgus
Compared."
65. Aristotle, Politics, 1270a; Orote,
IU, 168-7; Briffault, R., Mothers,
N.Y., I, 899
66. Plutarch. "Lycurgus" ; Olotz,
Ancient Greece, 89
67. Athenaeus, xii, 74
' 68. Plutarch, I.e.
69. Orote, III, 131, IX, 298; Rawlis-
son's Herodotus, iii, 148
71. Orote, HI, 132, 158
72. Plutarch, "Pelopldas."
73. E.g., Herodotus, i, 82
74. Ibid., vii, 104
-YYV-
75. Xenophon, "Constitution of the
Lace d*emonlans," In Minor
Works, London. 1914, i, I.
76. Pausanias, v, I.
77. Ibid., vli, 21
78. Frazer, Sir J., Studies in Qreek
Scenery, Legend, and History,
London, 1931, 324-5
79. Pausanias, ii, I; Olotz, Ancient
Greece, 116
80. Strabo, viii, 6.21
81. Iliad, H, 670
82. Arhtoile (?), Economics, Loeb
L'brary ii, 3
83. Aristotle, Politics, 1315b
84. Enc. Brit., XVI, 6:6. Others
attribute the first Corinthian
coinage to Cypse us ; cf. CAH,
ill, 652
8a. Olotz. Greek City, 113, Ancient
Greece, 86; — elgall, Sappho, 46
86. Plutarch, Moralia, Loeb Library,
147D
87. Herodotus, 11L 60*3; Diogenes
Laertius, Lins and Opinions
of the Eminent Philosophers,
London, 1853, "Periander."
88. Aristophanes, The Eleven Corne-
ous, N.Y. 1908, Frogs, 138;
Lacroix, I, 110
89. Pinidr, Odes, Loeb Librsry,
Frag. 122
90. Strabo, viii, 6.20
91. Atnenaeus, xili, 32
92. Ibid., 33
93. St. Paul, I Cor. vi, 15-18
94. Semple, 669
96. Pausanias. vl, 17-19 ; Litchfield,
F., History of Furniture, Boston,
1922, 13
96. CAH, III, 564
97. Olotz, Greek City, 113
98. Orote, III, 264-6
99. Theognis, 237, in Dickinson,
O.L., Qreek View of Life N.Y. ,
1928, 186
100. Theognis in. Hesiod, Calllma-
chus and Theognis, Works,
444-6
101. Ibid., II. 373f.
102. Ibid.. II, 349f.
103. Synonds, 161
104. Botsford, O. — ., and Sihler,
E.O., Hellenic Civilzation, N.Y.,
1920, 1984; Coulanges, 369
105. Sjmonds, 162
106. Theognis in Hesiod, etc., 442
107. Ibid., 470-1, 447-8, 489-90
108. 479-81
109. 477, 491-3
110. 454-6
111. Ringeway, 3)
112. Calhoun, 30-1; Simple, 669
113. Pausanias, ii, 26
114. Pindar. Pythian iii, 47-68
116. Gardner, E.A., Ancient Athens,
N.Y., 1902, 431
CHAPTER V
1. Stabo, viii, 6 21; Ix, 2.26
2. Pausanias. ix, 31
S. Mahaffy, Greek Literature I, HT
4. Enc Brit., XI, 629
5. Hesiod, Works and Days, 640
6. Ibid., 665
7. Oardiner. E.N., Athletics, 30
8. Pausanias, ix, 31 ; cf. Mahaffy,
Greek Literature, I, 136 ; CAH,
IV, 474; Orote,. I, 12
9. Hesiod, Theogony, 1-6
10. 120f
11. Nllsson, 185-6
12. Theogony, I66f
13. Ibid., 73fif
14. Works and Days, 266
16. Ibid., 286f
16. 504f
17. 54f
18. Theogony, 686f
19. Works and Days 696f
20. Ibid , 109f
21. Mahaffy, Social Life, 72
22. Mahaffy, Qreek Literature, 64
23. Diodorus, xvi, 28; Frazer, Stu-
dies, 374-6
24. Pope, A., Essay on Man
25. Bury, 95; CAH, III, 619. Others
(Murray, Epic, 43, md' Enc.
Brit, XII, 575) derive the OtaU
from Epirus
— YYA —
26. Cicero, De Fato, 7.
27. Baedeker, xxvll; ZImmern, A.,
Greek Commonwealth, Oxford,'
28. Hippocrates, Works, Loeb Libra-
ry, In trodnctory Essay I to Vol.
II, by W. H. S. Jones; cf Jones,
W. H. S., Malaria and Greek
History, Manchester U.P., 1909.
29. Isocrates, Works, Loeb Library,
Patugyricus, 24
80. Ridder, 122
31. Orate, III, 370-4; Vinogradoff,
Paul, Outlines of Historical
Jurisprudence, Oxford, 1922, II,
86-6
32. Frazer, Studies, 68-9
48. Aristophanes, I, 196, editoVs
note.
84. Baedeker, 104
35. CAH, III, 679-80
36. Aristotle, Constitution of Athens,
London, 1891, Beet. 57; Orote,
III, 890; Conlanges, 331
37. Meyer, Ed., in Zimmern, 896
38. Aristotle,' Constitution, 2 says
that these "sixth-shares" paid
one-sixth of their product to
the owner ,and Plutarchf'Solon")
follows him; but recent scholar-
ship inclines to believe that the
sixth part was the amount kept,
not paid. Cf. Bury, 174; Olotz,
Greek City, 102.
.39. Botsford, Athenian Constitution,
141.
40. Aristotle, Constitution, 2.
41. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 61, 80,
Greek City, 102
42. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 71
48. CAH, IV, 33
44. Ibid
46. Orote, III, 293-4; Coulanges, 418
46. Plntarch, "Solon." "*
47. Botsford, Constitution, 143
48. Pdhlmann, 158; Olotz, Ancient
Greece, 71.
49. Olotz, Greek Cltt, 119
50. Plutarch, Amatorlas, 751c, In
Ltnforth, I.M., Solon the Athe-
nian, Berkeley, Cal., 1919, 166-7
61. Diog. L., "Solon," ii.
52. Plutarch. "Solon."
63. Diog. L, "Solon," ix.
54. Aristotle, Constitution, 5; Orote,
HI, 313; Botsford, 158
55. Aristotle, 6, 12
56.- CAH, IV, 38.
57. Aristotle, 6
58. Plutarch, "Solon"
59. Orote, III, 819
60. Aristotle, 10
61. Plutarch, Ic.
62. Orote, III, 316; Mahaffy, What
Have the Greeks Done' for
Civilization P, 186
68. .CAH, IV, 134; Bury, 183
64. Plutarch, I.e.
66. Aristotle, 12,' Orote, III, 331-2.
66. Plutarch, I.c.
67. Ibid., Aristotle, 9
68. Coulanges, 420; CAH, IV, 42;
Orote, II, 350
69. Plutarch, I.c.
70. Diog L., "Solon," vii
71. Athenaeus, xlll, 25; Lacroix, I,
68-70; Bebel, A., Woman under
Socialism, N.Y., 1928, 36
72. Plntarch, I.e.; Orote, III, 351;
Tucker, T.O., Life In Ancient
Athens, Chautauqua, N.Y., 1917,
159
73. Plntarch
74. Ibid
76. Diog. L, "Solon," xvl
76. Orote, III, 344
77. Diog. L i I.e.
78. Ene. Brit., XX, 965
79..Herodtus, i, 29
80. Plato, Amatores, 133, in LInforth,
•130
81. Herodotus, 1, 30
82. Plutarch, I.e.
83. Diog. L., "Solon," iii
84. DIodorus, ix, 20
85. Herodofus, i, 60 ; Athenaeus,
xill, 89
86. Aristotle, Constitution, 16
87. Olotz, Greek City, 121
88. Calhoun. 29
89. Aristotle, Polities, 1310a
-YY*-
90. Thueydides, vi, 19.
91. Athenaeus, xiii, 70; Lacroix, 1,153
92. Aristotle, Politics lBOOb
CHAPTER VI
t
1. Pater, W., Plato and Platonism,
London, 1910, 346.
S. Thueydides, i, I.
3. CAH. Strabo, x, 5.6; Plutarch,
MoraUia Loeb Library, 9190.
5. Lyra Qratca II, 639
6. Aristophanes, Peace, 695
7. Cicero, De Oratione, il, 86, in
Lyra Qroeca, II, 306
8. Lyra Greaca, II, 257
9. Ibid., HI, 897, 339; tr. J. A.
Symonds, Qrrek Poets, 155, 167
10. Cicero, De Natura Deoram,
Loeb Library, i, 22
11. Thueydides, ill, 109
12. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 113
13. Botsford and Slhler, 188
14. Carroll, 99
15. CAH, IV, 483
16. Symonds, 169
17. Herodotus, iii, 57
18. Ovid, Metamorphoses, Loeb Lib-
rary, x, 243
19. Herodotus, I, 142
20. Ibid., I, 146
21. Ibid., i, 170; Diog. L., "Tales."
22. Aristotle, Pottles, Loeb Library,
1259a
23. Diog. L., "Thales," Hf-viii; Plu-
tarch, "solon,"
94. Heath, Greek Mathematics, 1,
130; I eberweg, F., History of
Philosophy, N.Y., 1871, I, 34-5
Heath, I, 137; Herodotus, i r 74
26. Aristotle, Metaphysics, tr. M'
Mataon, London, 1857, i, 3
27. Ibid
28. Diog. L., "Tales," ill
29. Ibid., "Thnlea » viii 4
30. Ibid
31. Ibid., 'Thales." xli
89. Starbo, xiv, 4.7
33. .Spencer, First Principles of a
New System of Philosophy, N.Y.,
1910,367. '
34. Bakewell, 6
36. Heath, II, 36; Orote, V, 94
36. Bakewell, 6.
37. Aristotle , Metaphysics, i, 3
Bakewell, 7; CAH IV, 664
38. Athenaeus, xii, 26xiil, 29, xiv 20
39. Ibid , xii, 2b
40. Diog. L., "Bias," i-Iv
41. CAH, IV, 92-3
42. Herodotus, ii, 134
43. Plntarcb, Moralla, 16C
44. Leslie, Shane, Greew Anthology,
N.Y., 1929, x, 123
45. Pfuhl, Ernst, Masterpieces of
Greek Drawing and Painting,
London, 1926 Fig. 79
46. Sarton, Qeo., Introduction to the
History of Science, Baltimore,
1930, I, 76
47. Pausanias, viii, 14; Qlotz, Ancient
Greece, 132; Jones, H. Stuart,.
Ancient Writings on Greek Scul-
pture, London, 1 896-, 24-5
48. Ridder, 174
49. Pliny, xxxv, 46
60. Ibid., xxxvi, 91
61. Athenaeus, xii, 29
62. Carroll, 102
53. Frag. 78 in Berodes, Cerddas,
and the Greek Choliambie Poets,
Loeb Library, 66
54. Dlog. L. in Heracleltus, On the-
, Universe, Loeb Library, 464
55. Cf. Mahaffy, What Save the
Greek ?, 219
56. Bakewell, 33.
57. Nietzsche, P., Early Greek Phi-
losophy, N.Y. 1911, 103-4
58. Diog. L., "Heracleitiis," v.
59. Strabo,. xiv, 1.28J Weigall,
Sappho, 155; Webster's Diction-
ary, s.v. colophon.
60. Weigall, 186; Symonds, 150
61. Tr. in Harrison, Prolegomena, 178-
62. Lyra Qratca, HI, 636, II, 126 131
63. Athenaeus, x, 83
64. Lyra Qratca, II, 126, 139
65. Ibid., 145, frag. 16
66. Greek (Palatine) Anthology, vil24
67. Diodorug, xx, 84
-tr«-
88. Herodotus, viii, 105; Qlotz,
Ancient Greece, 85
6Q. Athenaeus, vi, 88-00; Ward, C.
O , Ancient Lowly , Chicago,
1907. I, 12df
70. Eratosthenes in Orate, II, 159
71. Lyra Graece, I, 333; Athenaeus,
xiv, 23
72. Tr. by Symonds, 197
78. Stobaeus, Antholoy, xxix, 68, In
Lara Qraeca, I, Ml
74. Greek Anthology, In, 606
75. Strabo, xiii, 2.3
76. Ovid. Heroid.es, Loeb Library,
xv, 81 ; scholiast on Lncian,.
Imag, 18, In Lyra Qraeca, 1, 160
77. Weigall, Sappho, 76
78. Ibid., 176
79. Symonds, 196
80. Weigall, 86
81. Lyra Qraeca I, 437
82. Athenaeus, xii, 69
81. Donginus, On the Sublime, Loeb
Library, ix, 16
«. Berliner Klrssikertexte, p. 9722,
in Lyra Qraeca, i, 289
86. Murray, Greek Literature, 92;
Weigall 173, 90; Robinson, D.M.
Sappho and Ber Influence, Bos-
ton, 1924, 58
87. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, S02*
88. Weigall, 321
89. Suidas, Lexicon, S.v.. Phaon, in
Lyra Qraeca, I, 153; Strabo,
x, 2.8
90. Ovid, Heroides, xv
91. Oxyrhynchue Papyrus 1281, In
Weigall, 291
92. Lyra Qraeca, I, 435
93. Athenaeus, xiii, 89
94. Strabo, xii, 3.1 1
96. Ramsay, Asianic Elements, 118
96. Diodorus, iv, 49
97. Polybins, Iv, 88
-98. Semple, 72-3, 814
99. Murray, Greek Literature, 8*
CHAPTER VII
1. Paueanias, iii, S3
2. Ludwig, 266; Cook, Zeus, 776
3. Schliemam, Ihos, 41
4. Strabo, x, 8.9
5. Journal of Hellenic Studies, LVI,
170-89, London lfc82f.
6. Grote, IV, 160-1
7. Mahaffy, Greek Literuture.lfil-S;
J.B. Studies, LV, 138
8. Randall - Maclver, D., Greek
Cities in Italy and Sicilf, Ox- '
ford, 1931, 75; CAH, III, 676
9. Diodorus, iii, 9
10. Athenaeus, xii, 20
11. Ibid., xii, 15, 17
12. Ibid , 68
13. Herodotus, vi, 127
16. Crete, IV, 168
16. Athenaeus, xii, 19
17. Diog. L., "Pythagoras," ix
18. Enc. Brit., XVIII, 802
19. Diog. L., "i-ia, xvii ; Heath,
Greek Math., 1, 4
20. Cicero, De Finibas, Loeb Library,
v, 29, 87; Diodorus, I, 98
21. Cicero, Tusculan Disputations,
Loeb Library | ii, 15
32. Carroll, 299, 307, 310
23. Diog. L., "P>thagoras," vili,
24. Ibid., "Pythagoras," xix, xvlii;
Orote, V, 103
96. Diog. L., "Pythagoras," xix
26. Ibid., "Pylh.," xvlii
27. Orote, V, 100-1
28. Diog. L , "Pyth ," xxil ; Cook,
Zeus, 1
29. Diog. "Pyth., viii
30. Heath, 1, 10
31. Prosluo, in Heath, I, 141.
32. Diog. L., "Pyth.," xi
33. Wnibley, 229
34. Heath, 1, 70, 85. 145
35. Whewell, W., History of the
Inductive Sciences, N.Y., 1869,
1, 106; Oxford History of Muiic
Oxford U.P., 1929, Introductory
Volume, 3
36. Aristotle, Works, ed. Smith and
Ross, Oxford, 1991, De Coelo,
ii, 9; Metaphysics, 1, 6; Oxford
History of Music, 27; Heath, 1,
166, II, 107-
- tn-
37. Heath, II, 65, 11 9;. Berry, A.,
Short History of Astronomy, N.
Y., 1909, 24
38. Diog. L.. «Pyth.," xxv.
39. Ibid., 9, Introd., xviih
40. Livingstone, R. W., Legacy of
Greece, Oxford, 1924, 59
41. Diog. L., "Pylh ," xix
49. Ibid
43. Rohde, Erwin, Psyche,. N. Y.,
• 1925, 375; Pater, Plato. 64
44. Greek Anthology, vii, 120
45. Ariftotle, Nicomaehem Ethics,
v 8
46. Dlog. L , "pyth.." xxi
47. Orote, IV, 154-8 j CAH, IV,
I ' 115-6
48. Frag. 84 in Mhibley, 89
49. Heatb, II, 52 ; Mahaffy, Greek
Lit., I, 138
50. FragB.14-6,5-7,1-3, In Bakwell, 8
62. Diog. L-, "Xenophanes," HI
63. Frags. 9-10
64. Bakewell, 10-11
55. Warren, Foundations, 341 : but
Koldewey (ibid.) places it about
460
56. Randall-Maclver, 9-10
67. Child, V.Q,,.Dawn of European
Civilization, N.Y. 1995, 98-100
68. Thucydides, vi, 18 ,' Diodorus,
v, S
69. Orote, IV, 149
60, Freeman. E.A., Story of Sicily,
N.Y., 1899, 66
61. Ibid
62 Polyhlus, xii, 96
63. Ibid., ix, 27
64. Ibid., v, 2
66. Herodotus, vii, 156
6ft. Luclan, Works, tr. H. W. and
F.O. Fowler, Oxford, 1905, Her-
motimaa," 34
67. Olotz, ' Ancient Greece, 116 ;
Draper, J. W., History of the
Intellectual Development of
Europe, N.Y., 1876, I, 52
CHAPTER VIII
II CAH, II, 610
( T-»lf i f t «!jUJ.IJ-f-\A)
S. Cf. Sophocles, Oedipus at Colo-
mas, 1470 ; Cook, Zeus, prssim
3. Iliead, iii, 977
4. Frazer, Magic Art, I, 815
5. Murray, Q. Five Stages of
Greek Religion, Oxford U.p.,
1930, 60
6. Nilsson, 91; FantW.Greece 'and
Babylon, 228
7. Nillson, 91-2/ Heracleitus in
Bakewell, 29
8. Murray, O. Aristophanes : A
Study, N.Y., 1933, 6
9. Harrlsont Jane, Prolegomenat,
898; Olotz, Aegean Civilisation,
391-2; Briffault, Mothers, HI, 146
10. Mnmy, Five Stages, 35-6; Reina.
cb, S., Orpheus 86 ; Frazer Sir
J., Spirits of the Corn and of
Wild, N.Y., 1936, I, 4
11. Whlbley, 387
12. Murray, Five Stages, 31
13. Ibid., 29, 33; Harrison, Prolego-
menat, PP. viit and 28
16. Harrison, 18
16. Rodenwaldt, 815
17. Sophocles, Phlloctetes, 1327-9 ;
Harrison, 297f
18. Ibid., 325
19. Rohde, 159
20. Nilson, 133
31. Rohde, 297
22. Ibid., 179
23. Seymour, 98; Odyssey; i, 56f ;
Iliad, iv, 14f
24. Ibid., viii, 17-27
26. Semple,' 529
26. Iliad, xvl, 661f
27. Hesiod, Theogony, 887 f
28. Iliad, xv, 17
39. Frszer, Magic Art, I, 14-15
80. Iliad, viii, 880f
31. Ibid., xx, 46, xxi, 406
32. Smith, Win, Dictionary of Greek
and Roman Antiquities, Boston,
1859, 603
33. CAH, II, 637; Olotz, Ancient
Greece, 112; Blakeney, M.A.,
ti.,Smaller Classical Dictionary,
Everyman Library, 258
-Yrv-
34. CAH, I.c.
35. Diodorus, iv, 6
"86. Attaenaens, xli, 80
37. Oardner, P., New Chapters, 167
SB. Frazer, Sir J., Adonis, Attis,
Osiris, N.Y., 1935,226; Gardner,
New Chapters, 157
39. Semple, 43-4
40. In Symonds, 204
41. Diodorus, ii! 69
42. Herodotus, il, 49-57
48. Nilsson, 86; CAH, IV, 527
44. Ibid., 535
45. Rohde, 220 \ Oardner, New
Chapters, 385
.46. Diodorus, iv, 25
47. Harrison, Pnlegomenat, 465
48. Relnach, 88; CAH, IV, 586-B;
Harrison, 483 ; Murray, Greek
Literature, 65; Carpenter, Edw.,
Pagan and Christain Creeds,
N.Y, 1920, 64
49. Harrison, p. xi.
5a Ibid., 68Bj Nilsson, SSI, Rohde,
344
61. Plato, Republic, ii, 864-6
52. Harrison, 572
63. Whibley, 402
54. Nilsson, 247
65. Symonds, 496
56. Dickinson, O.I ., Qreek View of
Life, N.V., 1928, I
67. Orote, II, 101-9
68. Coulanges, 223
59. Xenophon, Anabasis, v, 3«4
60. Iliad, xxi, 27, xxlil, 22, 176
61. PauBanias, iv, 9, vii, lg, CAH,
II, 621
62. Pausanas, iii, 16, Plutarch,
"Lycurgus", Nilsson, 94
63. CAH, 1(, 618, Orote, I, 111
64. Frazer, Sir J., Scapegoat, N.Y.,
1935, 258, Harrison, 107
45. Aristophanes, Frogs, 734, and
scholiast ; Rohde, 296 ', Harrison,
103 ; Nilsson, 87, Frazer, Scape-
oat. 253
66: Harrison, 108
67. Murray, O., Epie, 12-18, 817,
Harrison, 103
68. Plutarch, "Pelopldas."
69. Hesiod, Theogony, 557f
70. Odyssey, 111 338-41, CAH, II, 626
71. Farnell, 237
72. Hairison, 501
73. Diodorus, iii, 66
74. Orote, I, 145-6
76. Harrison, 167
76. Nilsson, 82-3, Rohde, 168
77. Coulanges, 213, Rohde, 296-6
78. Nilsson, 83
79. Ibid., 86
80. Theophrastus, Characters, Loeb
Library, xvi
81. Plutareh, "Solon"
82. Sophocles, Trachinian Women,
584., Lacroix, I, 117, Becker, 381
83. Plato, Laws, 933, Harrison, 189
84. Herodotus, ix, 95
85. Coulanges, 291
86. Carroll, 270, Rohde, 292
87. Coulanges, 289
88. Orote, III, 38-9, Benson, E. F.,
Life of Alcibiades, N.Y., 1929,83
89. Herodotus, v, 63, vi, 66, Orote,
V, 431
90. Ibid., Ill, 127
91. CAH, III, 627-8
92. Ibid., 604
93. In Coulanges, 288
94. Harrison, 121, Frazer, Spirits
of the Corn, II, 17
95. Harrison, 82
96. Frazer, Spirits of the Corn,], 30
97. Rohde, 239
CHAPTER IX
1. Herodotus, vlii, 144
2. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, 1V.24
3. Enc. Brit., I, 681
4. Mason, W. A„ . History of the
Art of Writing, 344
5. Mahafly, Old Qreek Education,
49, Thompson, Sir E. M., Intro-
duction to Greek and Latin
Palaeography, Oxford, 1912, 58
6. Pliny, siil, 11
7. Shortwell, J. T., Introduction to
the History of Bistoy, N.Y.,
1936, 30, Becker, 162n
~YW-
8. Thompson, 89, 43; Mahaffy, I.e.,
51
9. Becker, 974
10. Staowell, 32
11. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, 1,
25-8
19. Orate, II, 246; Murry, Epic, 23ft
13. Diog. L., "Solon," Ix
14. Orote, II, 245; Murray, Epic, 147
15. Ibid., 258.
16. Iliad, xxii, 106-13, tr. O. Murray
17. Ramsay, A&ianic Element!, 289
18. Mad, i, 477, etc
19. Ibid, ii, 469-78
SO. Ibid., xx, 490, tr. Bryant
81. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I,
35, 81. Arisfarchus of Samothrace
wrote ci. 180 B.C.
22. Browne, 92
23. Qlotz, Aegean Ctvilzation, 393 ;
Ward, I, 41 j Orote, II , 806-7
24. Briffault, Mothers, I, 411
25. Odyssey, lv, 120-86
26. Herodotus, ii, 63
37. Curtius, Ernst, Qriechlsehtt ,
Berlin, I887f, I, 136, in Rober-
tson, J.M., Short, History of
Free Thought, London, 1914, I,
127j Mahaffy, Social Life, 358;
Murray, Epic, 267
87a.' Symonds, 187
28. Odyssey, viii, 146
29. Rodenwaldt, 283
30. Oardinder, Athletics, 230
31. Mahaffy. Qreek Education, 18
89. Oardiner, Athletics, 284
31. Tucker, 222
34. In Zim'mern, 316
85. Pansanias, 816
36. Ibid., I, 44
37. Oardiner, New Chapters, 291
38. Ibid., 294
89. Ibid., 294
40. Oardiner, Athletics, 212f
41. Pausaoias, vi, 4
42. Ibid., viii, 40
43. Ibid., vi, 14
44. Herodotus, Hi, 106
45. Pauaanias, vi, 18
46. Herodotus, viii, 26
47. Orote, III, 352-3
48. Athenaeus, x, i; Oardiner,
Athletics, 64-6
49. Ferguson, W.M., Qreek Imperia-
lism, Boston, 1913, 68-9; Halgb,
A.C., Attic Thiatre, Oxford,
1907, 3
50. Winckelmann, J., History of
Ancient Art, Boston, 1880, II, 288
61. Athenaeus, xiii, 90
52a. Ibid
53. Richter Q.., Handbook of the
Classical Colleetlon,tAtUopo\iin
Museum of Art, N.Y., 1922, 76
64. Rodenwaldt, 234
65. Ridder, 171
56. Pfubl, 38
67. Ridder, 181 ; Murray, A. S.,
Qreek Sculpture, I, 11
58. Rodenwaldt, 247
59. Cf. Pijoan, J., Bistort of Art,
N.r, 1927, 1, ligs. 351-2
60. Ibid', p. 229
61. Pliny, xxxv, 161
62. Cotterill, H. B., History of Art,
N.Y., 1922, 99-100
68. Anderson and Spiers, 42; CAH,
IV, 608-8
64. Livingstone, Legacy of Greece
412; Waaen, 277-80; Smith, O.E.,
422J CAH, IV, 99
65. Polybius, iv, 20-1 ; Athenaeus,
xiv, 22
66. Lacroix, I, 122
67. Pratt, W.S., HUtorf of Music,
N.Y., 1927, 58
68. Pansanlas, x, 7
69. Mahaffy, Sodal Life, 456
70. Diodorus, Ui, 67
71. Lyra Qraeea, III, 582
72. Strabo, x, 8.17
7i Oxford History of Music, 8
74. Ibid., Pratt, 65; Mahaffy, What
Have the Greeks?, 143;id„ Sodal
Life, 463-5
75. Aristotle, Polities, 1342b.
76. Athenaeus, xiv, 18
77. Ibid., 10; Lyra Qraeea, II, 498;
Symonds, 180; Olotz, Ancient
Greece, 279
-m-
78. Oxford History of Made, I, 80
79. Haigh, 811
80. Lnclan, "Of Pantomime."
81. Ibid'
82. In Kirsteia, L- , Dance, N.Y.,
83. Athenaeus, 1, 37
84. Kinteln, 28-90
85. Ibid., 30
86. Athenaeus, xlv, 12, 88
87. Lyra Qraeca, III, 630
88. Lucian, I.e.
89. Mahaffy, Social Life, 464-5
90. Athenieua, xlv, 17
91. Aristotle, Poetics, iv; -Murray,
Aristophanes, 3
92. Enc Brit., VII, 689
93. Aristotle, Politics, 1336b
94. Murrayi I c.; id., Xireek Litera-
ture, 212; Haigh, 292; Sumner,
W.O., Folkways, 447
95. Aristophanes, Eleven Comedies,
I; 327 and editor's note; Kirstein,
38
96. Enc. Brit., VII, 684
97. Aristotle, Poetics, v, 3 J
98. CAH, V, 117
99. Aristotle, Poetics, iv, 17
100. Ridgeway In Harrison, 76;
Sumner apd Keller, III, 2109
101. Enc. Brit., VII, 682
102. Ibid., 688
10S. Athenaeua, I, '39
104.' DIog. L., 88, "Solon," xi
CHAPTER X
1. Herodotus, vl, 98
2. Orote, V, 16
8. Ibid., 22
4. Herod., vi, 102
5. Rawlinson, app. to Herod., vi;
Orote, V, 68; Pausanias, x 20
6. Plutarch. "Aristldes."
8. Herod., vi, 132-6
9. Plutarch, I.e.
10. Ibid
11. Ibid
12. Thucydides, i, 6. 138
13. Plutarch, "Themlstoclea."
14. Plutarch, "Arittidei."
16. Herod., vii, 133-7
16. Ibid., 184-6, 196
17. Ibid., 146
18. Ibid., 33-6
19. Ibid., 66
20. Athenaeus, iv, 27; Heroe., vi)
118-9
21. Ibid., vili, 4-6
22. vii, 231-3
23. viii, 24
34. Greek Anthology, vii, 249; Strabo,
ix, 4, 12-16 '
25. Plutarch, "Themistocles."
26. -Mahaffy, Social Life, 223. Maha-
ffy considers the story a legend,
but no lover of dogs will doubt it
27. Herod., ix, 4-6
28. Ibid., viii, 89
29. Orote, V, 316f, and Freeman,
77. believe that the two actions
were concerted; CAH, IV, 378,
30. Orote,' V, 319-20
31. Herod., ix, 70
32. Rawlinson, note to Herod., Ix.
CHAPTER XI
1. Shelley, P.B., "On the Manners
of the Ancients," qnoted by
Livingstone, Legacy, 261
9. Herod,, viii, 111-12
fl. Oxford Book of Greek Verse in
Translation, Oxford, 1938, 534;
Plutarch, "Themistocles."
4. Plutarch, "Ariatides."
5. Thucydides, i, 5
6. Orote, VI, 6-7
7. Aristotle, Constitution, 21
8. Ibid., 41
9. Plutarch, "Pericles"; Orote, VII
16; CAH, V, 72
10. Plutarch, I.e.
11. Ibid
12. Ibid
13. Olotz, Greek Cltg, 241
14. Plato, Oorgias 516; Aristotle
Constitution, 27; Plutarch, I.e.
15. CAH, V, 100; Olotz, 210
16. Olotz, 181
17. Plutarch, I.e.
-tr«-
18. Ibid
19. Plato, Phaedrus, 870
20. Plutarch, I.e.
SI. Carroll 197
22. Aristophanes. Achamians, B14f ;
Athenaeus, xiii, 26-6
28. Lacroix, I, 15*; Carrol, 200
74. Plato, Mentxtnus, 936; Carroll,
311; Bemon, 58
16. Lacroix, I, 156
96. Plutarch, I.e.
27. Plato, I.c.; Benson, 57-8
28. Plutarch, I.c.
29. Benson, 58
30. Plutarch
31. Plato, Teaetetas, 79, Republic,
ii, 8, Laws, ix, 3; Thucydldes,
M, 52; Mahaffy, Social Life,
178-9; Orote, VI, 305-6
32. Botsford, 222
33. Olotz, Greek City, 166, Carroll,
442
84. Tuker, 251-2
85. Isocrates, Antidosis, 320
86. Coulanges, 248
37. Tylor, E.B.,. Anthropology, N.Y.,
1906, 217
38. Vinogradoff, II, 61-fl-
39. Aristotle, Constitution, 57
40. Olotz, Greek City, 986
41. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 153
42. Botsford, 53-4
43. Olotz, Ancient City, 297
44. Cf. Aristotle's will in Dlog. L.,
186, "Ariitoie," ix
45. Xenophoi, Memorabilta, tr.
Watson, Phila 189s, x, 2.9
46. Murray, Greek Literature, 328
47. Olotz, Antcient Oreece, 281
4& Tucker, 263
49. Isoerates, Antidosis, 79
50. Enc Brit* X/829
51. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 316
■52, Olotz, Greek dtp, 863
58. Herod., v, 77 ; Aristotle, Ethics
v, 7
54. Olotz, Greek City, 230
55. Zimmern, 290; Ferguson, 69
68. CAH, V, 29; Orote, II, 65-7
57. Thucydldes, II, 6
58. Lyra Orveca, II, 337
CHAPTER XII
1. Xenophon, Economieas, Iv-vi, In
Minor Works
2. Ibid., xviil, 3
3. Semple, 407, 414, 421
4. Pausanias, ii, 38
5. Zimmero, 52*4
6. Aristophanes, II, 245; Athenaeus,
vii 43, bOf
7. Ibid., vix, 51
8. Xenophon, Memorabilia, ii, 1
9. Hippocrates, "Regimen In Acute
Diseases," xxviiif
10. Aeschylus, Persian Women, 838
11. Aristotle, Constitution, 47;
Baedeker, 123
12. CAH. V, 16
13. Rickard, T.A., Man and Mitals,
N.Y., 1932, 1, 376;Calhonm, 149-3
14. Ibid , 164-6
15. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 236
16. Semple, 678-9
17. Ibid., 668
18. Olotz, 205
19. Viiruvius, On Arhitecture, Loeb
Library, II, 6.3
20. Aeschylus, Agamenmon, 2781;
Horod., ix, 3: Thucydldes, vlii, 26
21. Aristophanes, Frogs, In Eleven
Comedies, II, 194
32. Plato, Qrogias, 611
S3. Olotz, 891
24. Ibid , 233
36. In Zimmern, 307
86. Lucian, "Nigrinus," 1
27. CAH, V, 33
28. Zimmern, «18; CAH, V, 8
29. Zimmern, 383
30. Isocrates, Panegyrtcus, 42
31. Thucydides, ii, 6
82. Xenophon, Economieas, Iv, 8
33. Olotz, 218
34. Oomme, A W., Population of
Athens in the 5th and 4th Cen-
turies B.C., Oxford, 1933, 21
36. Athenaeus, vl, 103; Becker, 861
36.' Semple, 667; Olotz, 192-8
37. Ibid., 208
-vn-
38. Aescbines, Epistle 12,
in Becker, CAH, V, 8
39. In Bostford and Sihler, 225
«0. Qlotz, 196
41. Dickinson, 119; Ward, I, 39
42. CAH, VI, 529-30
43. Aristotle> Ethics, viii, IS
44. Murray, Eplc,\B; CAH, VI, 529
64. CAH, V, 25
64. Aristophanes, Ecclestazucae, 307
74. Warld, i, 98
48. CAH, V, 12,85
49. Qlotz, 337
BO. 1Mb , 286
61. Tontain J., Economic Life of
the Ancient World N.Y., 1930;
Introduction by Henri Ben, p.
xxiii
52. CAH, V, 38
68. Semple, 426
54. Qlotz, 168
55. Tucker, 261
66. Conlanges} 451
67. Ward,I, 42
68. Qlotz, 148
59. Ward, I, 88, II, 48, 76, 263, 342
60. Hall, M.P„ Encyclopedic Outline
of Masonic, Hermetic,Oabbalittlc
' and Roslcracian SymbollcalPhllo-
sophy, San Franciseo, 1928, 64
61. Aristophanes, II, 871f
62. Ibid 440f
63. Tuocydides, till, 24
64. Ibid., iii, 10, slightly transposed
65. Aristotle ( ? ), Economics, iii, 15
66. Qlotz, 296
67. Idid., 298
68. Ibid., 298 ; Lyslas, Against the
Qrain-Dealers, xxll, in Botsford
and Sihler, 426; Semple, 365,
663j Zimmern, 362
69. Qlotz, 169
CHAPTER XIII
1. Plato, Republic, 459f
3. Aristotle, Politics, 1335
3. Haggard, H. W., Devils, Drugs,
and Doctors, N.V., 1929. 19
4, Hlmes 89. 96. Coitus interrupts
was adparaently a popular
method of family limitation
through antiquity.
5. Athenaens, xiv, 3
6. Plutarch, "Themistocles," Mora-
lia, 185D
7. Greek Anthology, vii, 887
8. McCless, H., Daily Life of the
Qreeksand, Romans, N.Y., 1928,
41; Metropholitan Museum of Art
9. Ibid., 4i; Becker, 223; Mahaffy,
' Qreek Education, 16, 19; Weigall,
Sappho, 200
10. Plato, Laws, vli, 84
11. Plato, Protagoras, S26
12. Mahaffy, op. cit., 89
13. Becker, 224
14. Winekelmann, II, 296
15. Plato, Protagoras, 325
16. Aristotle, Constitution, 42
17. Oardner, Ancient Athens, 483;
Mahaffy, op. cit., 76
18. Lycnrgus, Against Ltocratesjl-
89, in Botsford; and Sihler, 478.
On its authenticity cf. Mahsffy,
op. cit., 71
19. dlog. L„ "Aristotle," xi
20. Tucker, 173 ; Weigall, 184
2). Plutarch, Moralia, 249B"
22. CAH, II, 22-3
28. Becker 456,
24. Carroll, 172
25. Tucker, 125-7
26. Ibid
27. P\ntucb,Moralia,928B;Athenetts
xv, 34
28. Weigall, 189, 206-7; Carroll, 178
29. Eubulus, Flower Olrls, In Tucker,
173-4, and Lacroix, I, 101-2 •
30. Weigall, 187
31. .Athenaeus, xv, 45
33. Qlotz, 278
38. Wright, F. A., History of Later,
Qreek Literature, N. Y., 1932, 19
34. Zimmern, 215
85. Tucker, 120
36. Csubwges, 294
87. Qreek Anthology, x, 125
38. Voltaire, Works, N.Y.,1927, IV.74
-YVV-
89. Thucydides, ii, 6; Mahaffy,
Social Life, 296; Hbbhouie, L.
Y., Morals in JEvolation, N.Y.,
1916, 347; Qlotz, Greek CHy, 131
40. Vlnogrtfdoff, II, 54-6
40a. Aristotle, in Sedgwick and
Tyler, Short Bistort of Science,
N.Y.,.1927, 103
41. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 390;
Becker, 280; Tucker, 150
42. Ibid., 123
43. Qrote, V, 53
44. Thucydidek, ii', 10.82
46. Pausaniai, vil, 9-10; Plutarch,
Artaxerxes II."
46. Xeuophon, Cyrepaedia, Loeb
Library, I, 6.27
47. Thucydides, i, 3.76
48. Ibid., v, 17
49. Ibid., Hi, 9.34
50. Ibid., v, 32.116- vl, 20.96;
Polyblns, Hi, 86; Couldangel, 376
61. Thucydides, ii, 7:67.
62. Plutarch, "Aldbiades."
68. Plato, Laws, vili, 881
64. Herod., v, 78
88. Ariltophanes, Ecct,, 720; Bec-
ker, 241
69. Ibid., 243
81. Demosthenes, Against Neaen',
■ Becker, 244
62. Lacroix, I, 124, 129
63. Ibid., 112
64. Ibid., 85
65. Briffault, II, 340
86. Mahaffy ,0/v<A Life and Thought,
1 London, 1887, 72
67. Lacroix, I, 88
68. CAH, V, 175 <
69. Lacroix, I, 166*
70. Ibid., 162
71. Becker, 248
72. Athenaeus, xilf, 59
73. Ibid.,
74. Ibid., 58
75. Ibid., 63
76. Lacroix, I, ISO
77. Ibid.", 179
78. Athenaeus, xlil, 64
79. Lacroix, I,- 182-3
80. Ibid., 145-6
SI. Ellis, H., Studies in the Psycho-
logy of Sex, Phlla., 1911, VI, 184
82. Murray, Aristophanes, 46
83. Plutarch, "Lycurgus't; Strabo,
x, 4.31
84. Plutarch, "Pelopihas."
86. Diog. L., "Xeuophon." vl
86. Cf. Plato, Lysis, 204
87. Plato, Symposium, 180f, 192
88. Lacroix, I, 118, 126
89. Bebel, 37,' Hime, 52
90. Wbibley, 612
91. Carroll, 307
92. Sophocles, Trachlnian Women,
443
92a. Tr. by J.S. Phillimore in
Oxford Book of Greek Verse in
Translation, 367
93. Becker, 478
94. Athenaeus, xiii, 16
95. Sunner, Folkways, 862; Beker,
473.
96. Tucker, 83
97. Carroll, 164
98. Euripides, Medea, 283
99. Coulangel, 63, 298; Becker, 476
Briffanlt, II, 836
100. Ziminern, 334, 343
101. Euripides, Aeolus, 22
102. Demosthenes, Against Neaera;
Smith, Win., Dictionary, 349,
b.v., Concubiuof
103. Olotz, Greek City, 296; Zimm-
eru, 340 Zeller, Ed., Socrates
and the Soeratic Schools, Lon-
don, 1877', 62, questions the
story and the law
104. Westermarck, E„ History of
Human Marriage, London,
1991 III, 319; Becker, 497; Lyra
Graeca, II, 136
105. Lacroix, I, 114; Enc. Brit., X,
828; Becker, 496
106. Tucker, 84; Westermark, op.
cli. 319; Lacroix, I, 143
107. Westermarck, I.e.; Coulangas,
119
108. Thuc, ii, 6
109. Lacroix, I, 143
-tVA-
110. Becker, 464: Tucker 83-4.
111. Summer, Folkways, 497; Brif-
fault, I, 405.
112. Tucker, 156.
113. Aristrophanes, Lyslstrata, 42f.
114. In Tucker, 84.
115. Greek Anthology, vii, 340.
116. Botsford and Sihler, 51.
117. Tucker, 80-6.
US. Semple, 490-1.
119. Athenaeus, i, 10.
120. Greek Anthology, xi, 413.
191. AtheaeUBi v £.
122. Xenophon, Banquet ii, 8.
123. Mafaffy, Social Life, 120-1.
124. Coulanges, 422.
125. Plato, Republic, iv, 426.
126. Tucker, 270.
127. Semple, I.e.
128 Rohde, 167.
129. Harrison, Prolegomena 600 ;
Westermarck, E., Origin and
Development of the Moral
Ideas, London, 1917-24, 1, 716
CHAPTER XIV
1. Xenophon, Eeonomicus, vili, 19f
Z Thuc, ii.-6.40
3. Xenophon, Bonnet, Iv, 11
4. In Ridder, 48
6. Usher, A.P., History of Mecha-
nical Inventions, N.Y., 101-7
6. Cf. the gems in the Fourth
Room of the Classical Collec-
tion Metropolitan' Museum of
Art, New York.
7. Pfuhl, 5.
8. Ridder, 287
9. Pliny, xxxv, 34
10. Mahaffy, Sieial Life, 449-60;
Ridder, 10
11. Plutarch, "Cimon."
12. Pauaanias, x, 25
13. Pliny, xxxv, 35; Winckelman,
II, 299
14. Pliny, xxxv, 80
15. Ibid.
16. Plutarch, •'Pericles."
17. Pliny, I.e.
18. Athenaeus, xxi, 62
19. Murray, A.S., I, 13
20. Pliny, l.c.
21. Cicero, De Invent.. II, 1, in
Murry, A. S., I, 12, Pliny, I.e.,
places the story in Acragas.
22. National Museum. Naples; Guide
to the Archeolagical Collection,,
Naples, 1935, 11.
23. Notional Museum, Athens.
'24. Xenophon, Memorebilia, ii, 10.7
25. RIpder, 177
26. Fardner, Greek Sculpture, 20-1
27. Pliny, xxxiv, 19
28. Ibid.
29. Pijoan, I, 264
30. Cf. Lucian, "A Portrait Study,"
in Works, III, 16-16
31. Jones, H. S., Ancient Writer*
on Greek Sclpture, 78.
32. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 231.
38. Cf. Jones, op. cit., 76; Gardner,
Greek Sculpture, 284; Frazer,
Studies in Greek Scenery, 411;
CAH, V, 479
34. Pijoan, 1, 269
36. Pausanias, v, li; Strabo, viii,
3-80
36. Iliad, i, 628
37. Pausanias, v, 11
38. Pojybius, xxx, 10
39. Frayer, op. cit., 293
40. Quintilian. Institutes, Loeb
Libary, xii, 1.07
41. Plutarch. "Pericles."
42. Scholiast on Aristophanes./VaM,
605, in Jones, op. cit., 76.
43. Lucian, I.e.
44. Vltruvius, iv, 1.8.
46. Cotterill, I, 76
46. Pausanias, v, 10
' 47. Zlmmern, 411, Qrote (VI, 70)
makes a smaller estimate ($
18,000,000 ) for the architectural
wprks in AtheuB proper.
48. Warren, 156
49. Ibid., 881
50. Vltruvius, Hi, 5
51. Ruakln Antra Pentelici, 174;
-tr*-
Qirdner, Ancient Atheni, 838;
Oirdne, Greek Sculpture, 834
52. Warren, 327/ 989-41; Maturity,
. What Have the Greek? 130
63. Ludwing, 189f.
64. Warren 310-11; Qnrdner Ancient
Athens, 258
CHAPTER XV
1. Heath, Greek Mathematics, I, 46
Whibly, 328-9
3. Heath, I, 150
3. Sarton, 92
4. Sedgwick and Tyler, 33
5. Heath, I, 176, 178
■6. CAH, V, 883
7. Heath, 1 93
8. Diog. L., .384, "Parmenides" HJ
' Sarton, 85
9. Aristotle, De Coelo, il, 18;
Heath, Sfr Tho«., Arlstarchus
of somas, Oxford, 1913, 94
10. DIog. L.,.389; "Leuclppus," lii.
11. Ibid., 390; Heath, Arislarches,
. J25-
lla. Sarton, 93
12. Heath, 78
13. Anaxagoras, tragi. 12 and 16,
in Bakewell, 61 ; Ueberweg, I,
68-5; CAH, IV, 570.
14.' Heath, 81.
16. Ibid, 83.
16. Ueberweg j I, 66.
17. Diog. L., 69 60, "Anaxagoras," iv.
18. Heath, 138.
19. Ibid., 79.
30. Anaxagoras, frag. 4, in' Bake-
well, 49.
91. Diog. L., I.c.
32. Frags. 6 and 17, In Bakewell,
5 ; Diog. L.,.I.c.
38. Frag.9, in Bakewell, 61; Arlsotle
Metaphysics, i 3, De Coelo, fii;
3, De, Qeneratione et Corrup-
Hone, 1, i; Lucretius, DeRurum
Natara, Loeb Library, i, 83 ol.
94. Diog. L , I.c.
35. Aiigtole t DePartlbusAnlmollun,
I, 10, iv, 10.
26.Mitotte,Metapphslcs, I, 4.
27. Nllson, 274.
98. Diog. L., 61, "Anaxgorai," viil ;
Robertson, J.M., I, 153-
39. Plutarch, "Pericles."
80. Murray, Greek LUereture, 1S9.
81. CAH, IV, 669-70.
32. Heath, Greek Math., I, 172.
83. Diog. L., 8l, a Anaxsgorac," ix-
84. Oerminus in Heath, Arlstrehus
376.
35. Herod., ii, 4, and Rawlinion'a
note; Whibley, 71.
86. Orote, II, 29-30.
37. Herod., ii, 4.
38. Sarton, 83.
39. Semple, 35-7.
40. Ibid.
41. Cf. Sect. III. of Chap. XVI,
below; and cf. Aesehylns,
Prometheus Bound, 442-506.
42. Gardner, New Chapters 269.
43. Sarton, 88.
44. Herod., iii, 176-38.
45. Sarton, 77.
46. Ibid. Livingstone, Legacy, 309.
47. Sarton, 103.
48. Oarrlson," F. H., History of
Medicine, Phlla., 1939, 95.
49. Hippocrates,W0/£c,I, Introd.,by
W.H S. Jones.
60. Ibid., IV, "Aphorisms." i.
51. "The Sacred bit ease"; Airs,
Waters, Place*," xxli.
62. Hippocritec, Works, II, Introd.,
viil; I, Introd., xxlv; Oamson,
94.
53. Ibid., IV, "The Nature ol Man,"
Iv, 10.
54. Ibid., "Regimen 111," Ixviii.
55. Livingstone, 234.
56. Qarrison, 94 ; Hippocrates J,
Introd., Ivl.
57. IV, Introd., vili.
58. Hardlng,T.S,in Medical Journal
. and Record, aug., ],. 1928.
59. Hipphoerates, IV, Introd., vil.
Hippocrates- settles a very an-
cient problem when be writes :
-Yt»-
"It is best for flatulence to
pass without noise and break-
ing, though it is better for it
to pass even with [noise than
to be intercepted and •accumu-
lated internally." — Works, IV,
"Prognostic," 11.
60. In Livingstone, 285.
61. Hippocrates IV.'Regimen, HI/'
Ixviii.
69. Saiton, 96.
63. Livingstone, 108.
64. Hippocrates, II, "The Sacred
Disease," xvii.
66. Xenophon, "Constitution of the
Lacedaemonians," xli, 6; Ma-
turity Social Life, 293; Becker,
880; Oarrison, 91; Hippocrates,
Works, 1, 299.
66. Garrison. 97; Livingstone, 326.
67. Ibid., UO.
68. I am Indebted, for explanation
of the material at Epidanrus,
to Dr. A. A. Smith, of Hastings
Neb.
69. Livingstone, 226.
70. Plato, Laws, iv, 780.
71. Carroll, 824-6; Mahaffy, Sodal
Life, 297.
72. Xenophon, Memorabilia, Iv, 2 ;
Garrison, 91 : Becker, 876.
78. Ibid.. 291; Garrison, 90; Plato,
Statesman, 859.
74. HippocrateB, II, "Law," i, and
Introd. to Essay VI.
76. I. 291- .
76. Ibid., 299.
77. Becker, 379.
78. Hippocrates, II, Decorum," vii ;
"Precepts," vl.
79. "Decorum," v.
CHAPTER XVI
1. Athenaeus, xli, 82.'
a. Plato, Protagoras, 834, 389.
3. Symonda, 116 j Owen, John,
.■ .Evenings with the Sceptics,
London, 1881, I, 177.
4. Bakewell, 11.
6. Ibid., 22; the conclusion is
rephrased.
6. Plato, Parmenides, 127.
7. Russell, B., Principles of Mat-
hematics, London, 1903, I, 817.
8. Plutarca, "Pericles."
9. Plato, I.c.
10. Dlog. L., "Zeno," iv.
11. Ibid.
12. Tredennick, H., introd. to Aris-
totle, Metaphysics, Lobe Libr-
ary, xvii; CAH, IV, 575-6.
13. Heath, Aristarchus, 106.
14. Tredennick, I.e.
15. Lencippus, frang. 2 in Bakewell,
16. Diog. L., "Leucippns," i-iii.
17. Lange, F-E„ History of Mater-
ialism, N.Y., 1926, 15.
18. Diog. L /Democritus." ii-iii.
19. Ibid.
20. Lange. 17.
22. Enc. Brit., XVII, 39.
23. Grote, O., Plato and the Other
Companions of Socrates, Lon-
don. 1875, I, 68 ; Bakewell, 62.
24. Robertson, J.M., I. 158; Lange
17.
26. Diog. LI, "Democritus," xiii.
26. Heath, Greek Math., 1, 176.
27. Cicero, De Oratore, i, 11;
Ueberweg, I, 68 : Grote, Plate,
I, 68,96.
28. Bacon, F., Philosophical Works,
ed. Robertson, London, 1905,
96, 471-2, 660.
29. Democritus, frag. O (Eiels) in
Bakewell, 60.
30. Frags. 117 and 9 in Bakewell,60.
81. Ueberweg, I, 70.
32. Lange, 27.
32. Ueberweg, 1, 96-70J Orow,
Plato, 1, 77.
34. Ibid., 76.
35. Diog. L„ "Democritus," xli.
86. Heath, Aristarchus, 26, 127.
37. Ueberweg, I.e.
38. Orote, Plate, I, 78.
39. Lucretius, ill, 370.
42. In Plutarch, Moralia, 81'.
Y^~
43. Oweu, 1,149.
44. Lance, 31; Diog. L. v "Demoerf
tut," xlij Ueqerweg, Ix.
44. Frag. 154a in Bakewefl, 69.
4«. Frag, 57.
47. !■ Owi, 1^ 149.
48. Ueberweg, I, 68.
49. Athenaeua, II, 96.
50. Ibid.; Lucretius, HI, 1039.
61. Diog. L-, "Democritua," xl.
59. Athenaeua, I,e.
68. Diog. L., "Democritua," vlll.
64. Id., "Empedoclei » II.
66. Io Symonda 127.
66. Murrayi, Oretk Literature, 76.
67. Symonda, 127.
58. Diog. L.. "Empedocles," ill.
59. Ibid., "Empcdoclca,"xl.
60. Ibid., Symonda, 131.
81. Diog. L i "Empedocles," Ix
63. CAH , IV, 563
64. Aristotle, Dt Auimn, il, 6; De
Sensa, vl
65. Symonda, 148
68. Empedocles, frig. 82- in Bake*
well, 45
69. In Aristotle, De Coda, ill, %
70. Ueberweg, I, 62
71. Symonda, 143
72. Fraga. 17 and 85 in Bakewell,
44-5
73. CI. Frazer, Spirits of the Corn,
II, 808
74. Fraga. 133-4 In Bakewell, 46
76. Symonda, 187
76. Livingstone, 46
77. Symonda, ISA
78. Diog. L., "Etnpedpcles," x
79. Ibid., "Empedocles," xl
80. Ibid; Symonda, 181
81. Plato, Protagoras, 316
89. Orote Hlttory, VI, 46
88. CAH, V, 24, 377-8
84. Plato, Protagoras, 309-10
86. Utberweg, 1, 71
86. Plato, Protag., 811
87. Ibid., 328
88. Diog. L. "Protagoras," iv
89. PMo.Phaedrus, 287
90. Ueberweg, I, 76; Sarlon, 88
91. Euripides, frag. 189, puotcd by
Rohde, 488*
91 Plato, Theattetus, 160; Bake-
well 67; Lange, 42
93. Diog. L„ l.c; Baktwtll, 67
94. Diog. L., I.e.; Ueberweg, I, 74
95. Bakewell, 67
96. Isocrates, Antldosis,, 166
97. Phllostratua, Lives of tht Sop-
hists, Loeb Library % 494
98. Orote, Vlil, 848
99. Ueberweg, I, 77
100. Philoitratui, 488
101 Plato, Requblie, i, 886f; Oxyr-
bynchua Papyri xl, 1864. In
Vlnogradoff. II, 29; Murray,
Oretk Literature, 161
102. Plato, Sophist, 265
108. Murray, Aristophanes, 142
104. Ibid
105. Murray, Greek Literature, 160
106. Zeiler, 36
107. Plato, Oorgias, 502
10b. Pluo, Cratylus, AH4
109. Xenophon, Memorabilia, I, 6.19
110. Plutarch, Dee. Orat.,.lv in
Backer, 235
111. Ariatotle, Soph. Elenehls, f. 165
112. Orote, Vlll, 826
113. Diog. L, "Plato," xxv
114. Aristotle, Ethics, 1109, 1116,
1144, 1164
115. Livingstone, 79
116. CAH, VI, 80 J
117. plutarch, De JUallg. Herod., ix,
866, in Duprdet E , La Legend*
Soeratiaae, Bruxellea, 1922,
415
118. Mahaffy, Social Life, 806-6
119. Pauaanla', I, 92
120. Diog. L„ "Socratea," Iv
121. CAH, V, 38G
122. Plato, Apo ogyflBRepubttc, 337;
Xenophon, Memor., I, 2.1
124. Plato, Symposium, 220-1
125. Repuplle, 649
128 Aristotle in Diog. L., "Socra-
t«s, x
199 Cf. McClure, M., <n Dewey, J.,
snd Others : Studies in tht
-Y*Y-
uo.
in.
132.
133.
184.
186.
136.
137.
138.
189.
110.
141.
143.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
160.
Ml.
152.
158.
154.
155.
166.
167.
158.
169.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
166.
166.
History of Ideas, Columbia U.
P.; 1936, II, 31
Plato Symposium, 214
Xenophon, Banquet, ii, 19
Plato, Pkre'dras, 229
Diog. L. f "Socrates," ix
Xenophon, Banquet il, 84
Dlog,- L„ 1 c.
Plato, Charmides, 154-5
Id., Protagoras, 309
Id., Lysis, 206 J Xenophon,
Memor., Hi, 11
Ibid
Ibid., iv, 8
Plato, Phaedo, end
CAH, V, 387-8
Dlog. L. f "Socrates," Hi; Rober-
tson, J. L , I, 160
Plato, Apology, 41
Xenophon, Banquet, i, 6
Diog. L, "Socrates," xvill
Xenophon, Mentor., i, 2.16
In Pater, 179 .
Plato,' Proiag. 338, 361
Xenophon, iv, 4.9
Plato, Theaetetus, 160
Qrote VII, 92; Mahaffy, Greek
Education. 81
Cf., e.g., Charmides, 169, 161 ;
Protag., 811, 350; Lysis passim,
Diog. L., "Clio," I.
Xenophon, II, G.28
Ibid., i, 6
Ibid
Dlpg. L., "Socrates," xiv
Xenophon, iv, 1.1
Dlog. L, "Crito," i.
Plato, Sfmposlum, 215, 218
Sexlus ' Emplricus, Opera,
Leipzig, 1840, Advenas Mathe-
maticos, Ix, 45; Botstord and
Sihlcr, 369; NU.son, 269; Sy-
monds.
Zeller, 205, 208
Athenaeiis, xil, 534
Plato, Meno, 94
Xenophon, Memor., i,' 1.2; J,
S.4; il, 6.8; IV, 7.10; Plato,
Symposium, 220; Phaedo, 118;
Apology, 21
167. Zeller, 82
168. Plato, Apology, 29
169. Id , Cratftus 425
170. Xenophon, Memor., i, II. II
171. Ibid., iv. 8-16
173. iv, 7
174. i, 1. 16
175' Iv, 2 24
176. ill, 8.3; iv, 5 9
178. lii, 9.5
179. i, 2.9
180. Hi, 5.15-17
181. iv, 6.12
182. CAH r VI, 309
188. Xenophon, Apology, end
CHAPTER XVII
. 1. Pausanlas, ix. 22
2. Lyra Qreaca, III, 9; II, 216
3. Pautanlas, ix, 23
4. Pindar, Olympic Ode xiv, 5
5. Olympic Odes i-ii
6. Frag. 76 in Pindar, Odes,- p. 657
7. CAH, IV. 511
8. Symonds, 211
9. Lyra Oreaea, III, 7
10. Pausaoias, ix, 23
11. Olympic i, 61
12. Frag. 131
13. Olympic ii, 56f, tr. C. J. Billson, .
Oxford Book of Qreek Verse In
Translation. 294
14. Pinder, Pythian Ode i, 81
v 15. Pythian iv, 272
16. Pythian viil, 92, tr. O. Murray
17. Paean iv, 32
18. Symonds, 216
19. S.v. Pratinas, Lyra Oraeca, III
20. Aristophanes, II, 83 editor's
note
21. Halgh, 37
22. Ibid., 64
' 23. Mahalty, Social Ltje, 469; Sy-
monds, 380
24. Haigh, 266
25. Lyra Oraeea, HI, 283
26. Aristotle, Rhetoric, Loeb Lib-
rary, Hi, 1.
27. Ward, II. 311.
-Ytr-
88. Lucian, "Of Paitimimr," 27.
SB.
89. Haigh, 825-7.
W. Ibid., 827-38P.
31. Ficklnger, R.C., Greek Theater
and Its Drama, University of
Chicago Press, 1Q18, 132.
32. Haigb, 348.
59.
33. Ibid., 315 ; Norwood, Greek
Drama, 8-3.
60.
34.' Haigh, 344.
61.
3.\ Ibid., 18, 24.
62.
36. Ferguson, 69.
63.
87. Haigfa, 34.
64.
38. Plato, Laws, 669, 700.
65.
89. Herod., vJ, 21.
40. CAH, IV, 172.
41. Heigh, 16.
42. Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound,
18f, tr, Elizabeth Barrett
Browinag, in Greek- Dramas,
N.Y, 1912. pp. 6-6.
43. Ibid., II, 459f.
44. Tr. in Mm ray » Greek Ute'alure,
119.
46. Schleged, A. JC., Lectures m
Dramatic Art and Literature,
London, 1846, 93. On the
1849, 91. on the "paradox of
Prometheus Bound," — an an—
titheictic play by the raost
pious of Oreek dramatists, cf.
Journal of Hellenic Studies, LIII,
40f, and LIV, Uf.
46. Mahaffy, Social Life, 150 ; Sy-
monds, 260; Murray, Greek
Literature, 221.
47. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, II. 218f,
tr. O. Murrary, Oresteia, p. 44.
48. Tr. Milman in Mahaffy Social
Life, 162.
49. Agamemnon,Uiif,Oresteta, P1O0.
50. Choephoroc,\02-U, Oresbta t 18B.
61. Athenaeua, i, 39.
58. Schlegel. 96.
53. Agamemnon, II. 66f.
64. Ibid., 160.
55. Eumenldes, en«\
66. Marry, Greek, Literature, 916.
67. Bbtsford and Schlegel, 84.
67.
98.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
76.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
. Athenaeus, i, 87; Schlegel, 97;
Taine. H„ Ltctures on Art.
N. Y., 1901, II, 483 ; Plumptre,
E. H., Introd. to Tragedies of
Sophocles, London, 1867, p.
xxxvl.
Sopboclas, Works, tr. P. Storr,
Loeb Library, I, lnrod, vii.
Syraonds, 278;
Athenaeus, xiii, 81.
Mahaffy, Greek, Literature II, 57.
Murray, Oreek Literature, 234.
Symonds, 290.
Sophocles, Oedipus the King,
96 of.
Oedipus at Colonus, 66Bf tr.
Walter Headlam, Ox/o'd Book
of Oreek Verse in Translation,
878
Oedipus at Colonus, 607 f, tr.
Murray, Creek Literature, 249.
Oed. Col , l648f, tr Munay.
Antigone, Hit, tr. Storr.
Ibid., 786f.
Ibid., 122of.
Murray, Creek Literature, 838.
, Trachinian Women, 1265f.
Phlloctetes 451-2.
Elecira, »73f.
Oedipus the King, P63f.
Oed. Col., 181 if, slightly tran-
sposed, tr. A. E. Housman. in
Oxford Book of Greek', Verse In
Translation, 378.. Cf. to like
efiect Oedipus the King 1187-
96 and lbM-AO.
Athenaeus, xlii, 61
Symonds, 878.
Mahaffy, Greek Literature, II, 97.
Murray, Gk. Lit., 261.
Mrabo, xiv, 1-36.
Disg. I., "Socrates." ii.
Euripides, Htppolytus, 191-7, in
Murray Gk. Lit, 12.
Murray, op. cit., 34.
Euripides, Medea, 41 of, tr. O.
Murray, Oxford, 1918, p. 15.
Herod, il, 180.
Iphigenta In Aulls, 686-54, tr.
A. S. Way, Loeb Library.
Ytl —
89. Iph. in Aalis, tr. Webb in
Mabaffy, Social Life, 202-4.
90. Iph. In Aalis, 1369-84, tr. A. S.
Way.
01. Hecuba, 4B8f, tr. Way.
99. Murray, Gk. Lit. 137.
43. Trojan Women, tr. O. Murray,
Oxford, 1914.
94. Euripides, Electra, tr. Murray,
Oxford, 1907, p. 77.
95. Euripides, lphigenia, in Taurls,
tr. Murray, Oxford, 1930.
96. Aristotle, Poetics, xiii, 4.
97. Verrall, A. "W., Euripides the
Rationalist, Cambridge Univ.
Press, 1913, 178 and passim.
98. Elizbeth ' Barrett Browning
referred to "Euripides tbe
human, with his droppings ot
warm tears."
*9. Iph. Aulis, 957.
100. Helen 744 f, tr. Way.
101. Ion, 374-8; Iph. in T.\ 570-5;
Eltetra, 41)0 ; Bacehae, 255-7 J
Hlppolytns, 1059 ; Robereon,
I, 162.
102. Euripides, Electra, tr. .Murray,
p, 8T; Eeracles, ,1341 ; Iph. in
T., 386.
103. Bellerophontes, 298, tr. Symond,
868; cf. Helen, 1137.
104. Iph. in T„ tr. Murray, p. 82.
105. Helen, 1688.
106. Verrall, 79.
I07i Trojan Women, 884.
108. Hecuba, 282.
109. Trojan Women, prologue.
109a. Cresphontes, frag.
110. Blppolytas and the Stheneboea
and Chrysippus.
111. Andromeda, 136, t., Symonds,
361.
US. Norwood, 311.
lfa. Euripides, Medea, tr., Murray,
p. 67.
114. Frag. 167 in Rohde, 438.
116. Electra, tr., Murray, p. 78.
116. Rohde, 437.
117. An uncertain frag. tr. Symonds,
867.
118. A frag, In Symonds, 366.
119. Aristophanes, Frogs, 552; At-
henseut, i, 41.
120. Symonds, 426.
121. Mahaffy, Gk. Let., II, 98.
12S. Pater, 122-
123. Plutarch, "Nictts."
124. Greek Anthology. Ix, 4110.
125. Quoted by Murray, Euripides
and His Age, N.Y., 1913, 10.
196. Murray, Gk. Lit., 277.
127. Aristophanes, I, 117.
128. Haigh, 260.
129. Murray, Aristophanes, 102.
130. Zeller, 203.
181. Aristophanes, I, 91.
133. Ibid., 3H, 319 •
133. E.g.Thesmophoriazusae II, 286;
Knights, 1,11; Eeclestozusae,
II, 378.
184. Knights, I, 31.
185. Peace, I, 191.. In The Birds he
calls Heracles a.bistard (1,173) ;
and in Frogs he makes Dion-
ysus a coward, an onanist, a
lecher, and * clown.'
136. Philiostratus, 483.
137. Luclan, "Herodotus and Acti-
on," 1 ; Bury, J. B., Ancient
Greek Historians, N. Y., 1909,
96 ; Mahaffy, Ok. Lit., II, 18';
Murray, Gk. Lit., 134.
138. Herod., I, 1.
139. Gibbon, Ed., Decline and Fall
of the Roman Empire, Every-
man Library, I, 77, ch. iii.
140. Strabo, xvil, 1.59,
141. Herod., ill, 101.
142. Ibid., i, 68.
143. iii, 88 ; ii, 3.
144. E.g., vil, 189, 191.
146. vii, 162.
146. Lucian, I.e.
147. Thuc, i, 1. 21-23.
148. Mahaffy, Social Life, 208.
149. Thuc, ii, 45.
150. Ibid., vili, 24;.Ii, 17.
151. Ok. Lit., l.
CHAPTER XVIII
1. DIog. L., "Empedodes," vli.
- Yt«-
2. Atfaenaeus, xii, 84
3. Aristophanes, Acharnians, 1,111
4. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 314
B. Orote, V, 390
6. Thuc., iii, 87
7. Ibid , I, 3-75
8. Plutarch, "Pericles."
9. Thuc, if, 6.8
10. Ibid , i, 2.68-66; i, 6.139-46
11. Jones, W. H. S., Malaria and
Greek fiistoy, 132
18. Plutarch, "Tiberius Oraccb.ni."
13. Arlstode, Constitution, 28
14. Thuc, Hi, 9.4950
15. Ibid., v, 15.22-3
16. v, 17.841
17. Plutarch, "Alciblades."
18. Ibid.
19. Xenophon, Me/nor , I, 1.49
20. Athenaeus, i, 6
21. Benson, Alcibiades, 162
82. Plutarcb, I.e.
23. Thuc, 18.18
24. Ibid., 20.89
25. vili, 23.18
26. vlli, 36.97; Aristotle, Constitu-
tion, 33
27. Xenophon, Hellenica, Loeb
Library, I, 4.13
28. Aristotle, Constitution, 34
29. Plutarch, "Lysander."
30. Isocrates, Areopagiticus, 66
31. Aristotle, op. cit, 40
82. Murray, Ok. Lit., 176
33. Xenophon, Memor., i, 2.82
34. Orote; IV, 68
36. Uebcrweg, I, 81
36. In Reinach, 96
37. Plato, Apology, 38
38. Ibid., 27
39. 18
40. 29
41.30
42.- Dfog. L., "Socates," xxi
46. Plato, Crtto
46. Xenophon, Memor., Iv, 8.1
47. Plato, Phaedo, 59-60
48. Ibid., 89
49. Xenophon, Apolagg, 28
50. Diodorus, xiv, 37
51. In Zeller, SOI
52. Plutarcb, De Invid, 6, in Zeller
68. Diog. L., "Socrates," xxli
64. Orote, IV, 88
55. Tertullian, Apology, 14, and
Anguttine, City of God, viii, 3,
3, in Zeller, 801
CHAPTER XIX
1. Aristotle, Physics, Loeb Library,
1269-70; Plutarch. "Lisanber."
"Lycurgut."
2. Olotz, Greek city, 800
3. Aristotle, Physics, 1270
4. Xenophon, Anabasis, iv, 7-22
6. Plutarch, MoraUa, I80f.
6. Plntarch, "ARecilaus."
7. Plutarch MoraUa, 39
8. Ibid., 192 C.
9. Aristotle, Physics, 1270
10. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 199
11. Xenophon, "On the Revenues,"
in Minor Works.
12. Calhoun, 46-8, 98-4, 101
13. Olotz, Anc. G., 304 ; CAH, VI,
79
14. Calhoun, 109
16. Ibid. 116; Olotz, 306
16. Olotz. Greek City, 311; Anc.
O., 201
17. Olotz, Ok. City, 312-3
18. Plato, Republic, 312-3
19. Aristotle Politics, 1310
20. Isocrates, Arehidamus, 67. Isoc-
rates was writing -oi the Pelo-
ponneslan Oreeks, but probably-
had his fellow Atheniana in
mind
21. P5hlmann, I, 147
22. Plato, Laws, v. 7S6
23. Vinogradoff, II, 118; Glotz, Gk
City, 318
24. Vinogradolf, I, S06
25. Isocrates, Antdasis, 159
26. Olbtz, Gk City, 323; Rostovtzeff,
M., Social and Economic History
of the Roman Empire, Oxford,
1926, 2; id., htstom oj the
Ancient World, Oxford, 1928, II
362 j Coulargcs, 493
Yil-
27. Mahaffy, Social Life, 267, 273
98. Qlotz, Gk. City, 296
-39, Ibid.
30. Athenaeus, xiilj, 38t; Lacroix, I,
168
31. Athenaeus, >.i, 43
32. Aristotle, History Animalium,
. 583sr
83. Qomme, 18, 36, |47; Atheineus,
vi, 272; Muller-Ljer, Family,
203; Oote, V, 838
34. Xenophon, Hellenica, vi, 1.5
36. Isocrates, On Ike Peace, 50
36. Aristotle, Problems, in Vinogra-
doff, II, 67
87. Demosthenes in Oloz, Gk
City, 816
38. Aristotle, Constitution, 41
89. Aristophjncs, Clauds, 991; Plaip
TheaeUtus,\\Tl.
40. Isocrates, op/cit, 69
4K Qrote, XI. 198
43. DTpporua,.x, 4
4ft; Aristotle (?) Economies, ii , 2.20
44 Lyra O., III. 866
46 Diog. L., "Plato," xiv; Plntarcb,
"Dion"; Diddorus.ixv. 7; Qrote t
XI, 84-5. Taylor,, A. E., Plvto,
N. Y., 1936, 5, questions- the
story
46. Plato, Epistles, Loeb Library, vii
47. Athenaeus, x, 47
48. Plutarch, I.e. 1
49. Plato, I.e.
50. Plutarch, I.e.
51. Athenaeus, xii, 58
52. In Weigall Alexander the Great,
N. Y„ 1933, 19
53. Adams, Brooks, New Empire,
N. Y„ 1903, 86
54. Athenaeus, xfii, 63
65. Mahaffy Social Life, 425-7
56. Olotz, Gk, City, 339
67. Philostratus, 507
68. Plutarch, "Phocion.' 1
69. Philostratus, 61
€0. Plutarch, "Alexander."
CHAPTER XX
1. piutarch , " Dcmostl e iei " :
Moralia, 6
2. Mahaffy, Ok. Lit., IV, 137
8. Demosthenes, On the Crown,
Loeb Ljbrary, 126, 268-9, 266
4. Murray,' Gk Lit., 36?
5. Isocrates, Antidosis, 48
6. Orote, O., Aristotle, London,
1872, I, 3i; Murray, 344
7. Isocrates, Panegyrieus, 49
8. Ibid., 167
9 l>id., 160
10. Isocrates, On the Peace, 94
11. Ibid., 13
12. /socrates, Areopagiticas, 15, 70
13. On the Peace, 109
14. Areopag., 20
-15. Pausanias, i, 18; so Lucia* land
Philostratus; of. Mutiny. 340
16. Milton's phrase. <.»• i-»u«^
17. Diog, L , "Xenophon," i-ii
18. Aristophanes, Cluods t V&-
19. Plutarch,- Moralia, 212B.
20. XcBophan*-Economicus, x A 1-10
21. ibid., xlx, 1
SI. Quoted by ^taeUiwH, W0
23.- Pausanias, vlU; 4Er
24. Plutarch, "Alexander."
26. Cotterill, I, 108n.
26. Pliny, xxxv, 36, 40 Winded-
mann, I, 219
27. Pliny, xxxv, 32
28. Ibid., xxxv, 36
29. Ibid.
30. Aelian, Varia Historia, ii, 3, in
Weigall, Alexander, 186
31. Pliny, J c
32. Vltruvius, ii, 8.14
35. Paueanlas, i, 20
36. Oardner, Greek Sculpture, 397
37. Pausanias, v, 17
38. Ibid., viil, 9
39. They are listed in Murray, A.
S„ II, 258-4. Pliny, alone men-
tions 28
40. Pausanias, vi. 25
41. Pliny, xxxvi, 41
42. Ibid., xxxiv, 19
43. Ibid.
- YiV —
CHAPTER XXI
J. Sarton 1S7
2. Plutarch, "Marcellus."
3. "Aristotle, Metaphylcs, i, 9
4. Plato, Bippias Major, 303
6. Sarton, 113
6. Aristotle, Polities, 1340
*7. Sedgwick, 76
8. Heath, Greek Math, I, 209, 233,
252
8a. Ibid., 354
9. Dion. L., "Eudoxns," i-iii,'
Strabo, II, 6.14 Heath, I, 330;
id., Aristarehns, 199 J Orote,
Plata, I, 124n; Ball, W. R.,
short History of Mathematics,
London. 1888, 41
10. Heath, I. 323
11. Heath, Aristarehus, 208
12. Sarton, 118
13. Ibid., 141
14. Heath, Aristarehus, 276
15. Heath, I, 16
16. Arrian, Jndlca, London, 1893,
chaps.' xxxliii
17. Sarton, 120-1
18. Carroll, 326'
19. In Zeller, 266
20. Zeller, 277
21. Athenaeus, xiif, 66
22. Vitruviue, il, 6. 1
23. Athenaeus^ xii, 68
24. Zeller, 357, 361
25. Ibid., 862b
26. Diogt L., "Ariitippus," iv
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Zeller, 367
.32. Carroll, 313
33. Ibid.
34. Plato, Phaedo, 64
35. Xenophon, Banquet, Jii, 8
36 Diog. L., "Antistnenes," iv
37. Murray, Five Stages, 116
3B. Diog. L., "Diogenes," iii
39. Ibid., Hi, vi; Zeller, 326n
40. Diog. L., "Diogenes," vi.
( r 4lf t r & i :jUi.lUi-.\«\)
41. Ibid.
4-2. Ibid , x.
43. Ibid., vi.
44. Ibid.
45. Weigall Alexander, 103
46. Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander,
vii, 2; Diog. L., "Diogeaea,"
vi.
47. Ibid., xi.
48-. Zeller, 208
49. Diog. L., "Antiathens," iv.
50. Ibid , "Dlohenes," vi.
5t. Plutarch, Moraila, 21 F.
62. Diog. L., I.e.
53. Zeller, 319
54. Ibid., 396
55. Diog. L., "Diog.," xi.
66. Murray, Five Stages, 118
67. POhlmann, 86-91
58. Zeller, 317
59. Plato, Republic, 372
60. Diog. L., "Plato," I.
61. Ibid., v,x.
62. viil-Ix; Cicero, De Finibus, v, St
62a. Plutarch. De Exilio, 10, hi
Capes, W. W., Universitu Life
in Ancient Athens, N. Y., 1922,
32.
63. Suidas, Lexicon, s.v. Plato, in
Mahaffy, Greek Education, 139
64. Diog. L., "Plato," xi.
65. Mahaffy, op. cit.. 128; Orote,
Plato, I, 125
66. Heath, I, 11
67. Plato, Republic, 539
68. Heath, Aristarehus, 141
69. Plutarch, M of alia. 79
70. Plato, Epistles, vii, 631
71. Taylor, 503
72. Cf. Epistles, vii, 541
73. Athenaeus, xl, 112
74. Diog. L., "Ciraon," i-ili, "Plato,"
xxxii.
75. Athenaeur, xi, 113
76. Taylor, 20 ■
77. Plato, Protag , 884
78. Symposium, 1 75
79. Euthypho, 292
80. Charmidet, 1C9
YiA-
81. Cratylus
82. Phaedo, 106
83. Theaetetus, 161
84. Ibid , 158; Epistles, vii, 344
85. Aristotle Mela, i 5-6; Hi, 2;
xiii, 4; Cratylus, 440
86. Aristotle, Meta., i, 9.16, etc.
87. Plato Phaedo, 65
88. Ibid., 74-5, Theaetetus, 186-7
89. Carrel. Alexis, Man the Unk-
nown, N. Y. 1935, 236
90. Spinoka, De Emendotione Inte-
llects, Everyman Library, p.
269
91. Phredrus, 246
92. Philebus, 22
93. Rep., 606
94. Laws, 966j Phaedo, 96
95. Sophist, 247
96. Phaedrus, 246; Philebus, 30
97. iWwio, 81-2
98. Qorgias, 623
99. PAflflfo, 69, 80-5, 110, IU; Rep.,
615f; Tinaeus, 43-4
100. Phaedo, 91, 11
101. /?«/>., 365
102. 5//H/7., 209
103. Qorgias. 482
104. Ibid., 495; Rep., 6 19; Philebus,
66 '
105. /?«/;., 441, 587
106. Phllebas, 94-6
107. Ibid., 57-8
108. Otto, 49
109. Ibid., Laws, 951; Phaedo, 82
110. Aristotle, /W/rc, i, 4
111. Rep 424.
112. Quoted by Symonds, 411
113. Philebus, blj Rep., 629
114. Siwi/>., 206
115. Laws, 636
116. Sjw»/>., 201; Phaedrus, 241f
117. ftp, 500
118. Epistles, vil, 337
119. Rep., 656 ,
120. Ibid., 667
121. 562
122. 565
123. 667
124. 496
126. Phaedrus, 239
126. Rep., 469
127. 478
128. Statesman, 297; Epistles, vii
337
129. Laws, 710
ISO. Ibid., 704
131. 968
132. 761
134. 744, 922-3
136. 785
136. 721, 774
137. 672
138. 885, 908-9
139. Phaedo, 66
140. Pater, 126
141. Laws. 7
142. Dioh. L., "Plato," xxv.
143. Calhoun, 125-7
144. Locy, W.A., Growth of Biology
N. Y., 1925, 27
146. Athenaeus, xiii, 56
146. Orote, Aristotle, 1, 8
147. Diog. L , "Aristotle,"' iv.
148. Orote, Aristotle, I, 43
149. Murray, Greek Epic, 99; CAH
VI, 333
150. Aristotle. Mela ill, 6.7-3
161. Ibid., iv, 3.8
152. Aristotle, On Generation, i, 2
163. Physics, v, 3; vii, 1
164. Aristotle, Mechanics, ill, 848-60
155. On the Havens, ii, 14
146. Meteorology, i, 14
157. Meta., xii, 8.21
168. Pliny, viii, 16
169. Aristotle, Parts of Animals,
i, 6
160. History of Animals v, 21-2;
ix, 39-40
?161. Ibid., vl, 22
162. Aristotle (?), Economics, i, 3; a
typically Aristotleian sentence
In a work long attributed to
Aristotle, but probably from
a later hand
168. History of Animals, viii, 2
164. Reproduction of Animals, i, 16
YM-
165. Ibid,, I, 81
166. iv, 1
167. Mist. An., vi, S-8
168. Reprod. An, ii, 1
169. Ibid., II, 3
170. II, 12
171. Hist. An., vi, 2-3
172. Ibid.
173. 1, 1
174. viii, I
175. Ueberweg, 1, 167
176. Sedgwick, 14 •
177. Lewes, O. H., Aristotle : a
Chapter in the History of
Science, London, 1864, 284,
361; Longe, 81
178. Lowes, 159
179. Aristotle, Hist, An., 11, 3
180. Parts of Animals, II, 7
181. Sarton, 128
182. Aristotle, Polities, 1256; Lewes,
183. Aristotle; On the Soul, IL 1
184. Ibid., II, 4
165. Hi, 8
186. ill, 7
167. Reprod An , II, 3
188. Mela., v|Jl, 4.4
189. Poetics, 11 8
190. Meta., Ix, 7
191. Politics, 1, 8
192. Ibid., *|, 2
198. Politics, 1137b.
194. Ethics, 1097b, 1176b.
195. Rhetoric, f, 6.4, where, In a
long Hit of things necessary
for happiness, virtue coraoi In
a poor last
196. Ethics, 1099a.
197. Ibid., 1153b.
198. Rhetoric, II, 18.2
199. Ethics, 1178a.
200. Ibid., 1125b.
201. 1098a.
202. 1178b.
203. Polittces, 1967s.
804.' Ibid., 1275b.
SOS. 1258a,
206. 1996b.
207. Ethics, U60ab.
208. Rhetoric, II, 15.8.
909. Politics, 1268b.
210. Ibid., 1281a.
211. 1818b.
212. 1286a.
213. 1278a.
214. 1280a.
215. 1266b.
216. 1264b.
217. 1320a.
SlB. Ibid.
219. 1295a.
820. 1264
221. 1261b.
222. 1296b.
223. 1996a.
894. 1330a.
226. Rhetorics, i. 1.7
227. Politics, 1387a.
228. Ibid., 1205b.
280. In Ueberweg, I, 177
231. 1'ater, 141
CHAPTER XXII
1. Plutarch, Maralia, 178P
2. Mahafly, Greek Life
tliotlght, IB
3. Plutarch, "Alexander."
4. Wcgall, Alexander, 2JJ5
6. Ibid.
O.'Plularch, Moralta, 127B.
8. Id., Moralta, IH0A.
9. Id., "Alexander."
10. Ibid,' Arrlan, I, 17
11. Welgall, 50
12. Plutarch, Moralta, 1701!
18. Id., "Alexander."
14. Arrlan, vl., 28
15. Ibid., Ill, 6
16. Orote, History, XI, US
17. Welgall, 83
18. Arrlan, I, 6
19. Welgall, 97
20. Plutarch, "Alexander."
31. Ibid.
23. Arrlan, vil, 9
S3. Plutarch, I ,c.
24. Vltru viiia, II, 2
26. Plutarch, Moralta, 180
and
_Y«»-
26. CAH, VI, 384
27. Arrian iv, 7
28. Ibid., vi, 86
29. vii, 4
80. Plutarcb, "Alexander."
31. Grote, XII, 8Q
32. Athenaeus, xii, 35
33. Plutarch, Moralia, 180D.
84. Weigall, 146
35. Plutarch. "Alexander."; Arrian,
36. Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead,
37. Cf. Arrian, iv, 9-11
38. Ibid., vii, 11
39. vii, 9-10
40. ii, IS
41.Plutarcb, "Alexander"; Airian,
42. Plutarch, I.e.
43: Grote, Aristotle, I, S3
44.' DIog. L., "Aristotle," vii
45. Thrasybulus in Grote, History,
VIII, 263
CHAPTER XXIII
1. Mahaifay, Greek- Life and
Thought, pp. xxx, 112
2. Ibid., 56; Plutarch, "Demetrius
3. Ibid.
4. Pauasnlas, x. 19
5. Ibid., 32
6. Livy, T. L., History of Rome,
xxxviii, 16; CAH, VII. 103-7
7„ Polybius, iV. 77; Pausanlas, ii.
9, vii, 7; Plutarch, "Aratus."
8. Athenaeus, vl, 103
9. Heitland, W. E., Agricola, Cam-
bridge University Press, 1921
10. Plato, Critias, 111
11. Rostovtzeff, M. Historr of the
Ancient World, Oxford, 1930,
I, 320
12. Cf. Tarn, W. W., Hellenistic
Civilization, London, 1927, 90
13. Vinogradoff, II, 108-9
14. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 866
15. Ibid 364
16. Ibid. *
17. Ibid., 331-3; Tarn, 95
18. Tarn, 102; Heitland, 63 ; Qlotz,
369
19. CAH, VII, 740
20. Ibid.
20a. Ibid., 265, 741; Tran, 104
21. Ibid., 3l
22. Olotz, 333.
23. Polybius, vi, 9; vii, 10; xv, 21
Olotz, Greek City, 323
23a. Diodorus Sic, V, 41-6
24. Beatwich, Norman, Hellenism,
Phlla, 1919, 62
25. Athenaeus, xii, IS
26. Tarn, 82
27. Theocritus, Idvl ii.
28. Lacroix, I, 138-9
29. Athenaeus, in Becker, 344
30. Gloiz, Ancient Greece, 298 Tarn;
86
SI. Ibid., 88
32. Polybius, xxxvi, 17
38. Plutarch, "Agls."
34. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 846
35. Plutarch, I.e.
36. CAH VII, 755
37. Polybius, ii, 62; v, 38; Paun-
nias, ii, 9
88. Coulanges, 467
39. Pansaniss, vii, 50
40. Strabo, xix, 2.5
41. Ibid.
42. Polybius, v, 88
CHAPTER XXIV
1. Meeting of the Oriental Institute,
Chicago, Mar. 29, 1932
2. Plutarch. Moralia, 183 F.
3. Polybius, xy, 8
4. Ibid., xxx, 26
5. Ibid., xxxix, 27; xxxi, 9; Bevan,
E. R, Bouse of Seleucus Lon«
don, 1902, II, 131, 158
6. Rostovtzeff Social and Economic
History of the Roman Empire,
3; Tarn, 79
7. Toulaln, 103-3
8. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 358
9. Rostovtzeff Roman Empire 3j
id., Ancient World, I. 368-70;
Qlotz, 321
10. Qlotz, Greek City, 388
11. Tarn, 25.4
-Yo\-
13. Jotephns, Against Apian, I, 60 J
Bevan, 35; Tarn, 809
14. CAH, VII, 193
15. Sachar, A.L., History of the Jews,
N.Y., 1932, 102. Cf. Zeitlin, S.,
History of the Second Jewish
Commonwealth, Phila., 1988, 18f,
or CAH, VIII, 501f, for an
economic interpretation of these
intrgues
16. Qraetz, H., History of the Jews,
Pbila., 1891f, 1, 446-6; Zeitlin, J8
17. Bevan, I, 171; Mahaffy, J.P.,
Empire of the Ptolemies, London
1895, 341
IB. CAH, VIII, 6Q7-8
19. 1 Mace., i; Josephus, Works,
Boston, 1811, I, 438; Antiquities
of the Jews, xii, 6
20. Bevan, II, 154
21. 1 Mace, v-vi; Bevan, 174
21. I Mace, ii
23. Ibid., vi
24. Ibid., 11
8ft. Ibid., ii-v
26. Sachar, 104
27. Bevan II, 183, 223
CHAPTER XXV
1. Breccia E-, Alexandria at
Aegyptum, Bergamo, 1982, 96;
Strabo, xvli, 1.8
2. Mahaffy, Empire, 104; Greek
Life, S04
3. Athenaeus, xiii, 37
4. Mahaffy, Empire, 162
6. Draper, I, 19o
6. Tarn. 148; CAH, VII, 197
7. Ibid., 27; Rostovtzeff, Roman
Empire, 259
8. Tran, 149-51, 155; Olotz, Ancient
Greece, 345
Q. Ibid., 343
10. Usher, 80, 85
11. Strabo, xvii, 1.95
12. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 863
13. Tarn, 152; Usher, 76
14. Olotz, i.e.
15. Rostovtzeff, Roman tmpire, 4S2
16. Usher, 79, 119
17. Pliny, xxxv, 42
18. Rostovtzeff, Ancient World, I,
373; Tarn, 102} Olotz, 350
19. Tarn, 155.
20. Botsford and Sihler, 597
21.' Athenaeus, v, 36
28. Pliny, xxxyi, 18
23. Breccia, 107
24. Tarn, 198
25. Calhoun. 130
26. CAH, VIII, 662
27. Mahaffy, Greek Life, 182
28. Mahaffy, What Bare the Greeks?,
195-7
29. Tarn, 163; CAH, VII, 28
80. Ibid., 139-40; Tarn, 153; Mahaffy
Empire, 182, 213; Breccia, 42
81. Breccia, 69
82. Strabo, xvii, 1.8-10; Tarn, 146
38. Olotz, 336
84. Athenaeus, Hi. 47
35. Herodas, Mimianbi, i
86, Lacroix, I, 124
37. Carroll, 326
3.8. Oraetz, I, 418; Mahaffy, Empire
86
89. Josephus, Antiquities, xii, 1-2
40. Zeitlin, 6-8; Bevan, I, 165
41. Bentwwich, 86
42. Renan, E., Bistory of the Peop
of Israel, N.Y., 1888, IV, 194;
V, 189
42a Oraetz, I, 504
48. Bevan and Singer, Legacy of
Israel, Oxford, 1927, 32
44. Josephus, Antiquities, xii, 2 ;
Sarton, 161
46. Sachar, 109
46. Enc Brit., XX, 886; Tarn, 177
47. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 356;
Tarn, 204
48. Tarn, 168
49. Mahaffy, Greek Life, 208
50. Rostovtzeff, Roman Empire, 264
51. Olotz, Greek City, 323
52. Polybius, vii, 8
63. Ibid.
64. Randall-Maclver, 138-9
66, Athenaensj v, 40
r«t-
56. Livy, axiv, 4
CHAPTER XXVI
1. Polybiui, ix, 2
9. Thompson, 71
3. Strabo, xill, 1.64
4. Orate, Arts otle, 50
6. Breccia, 47
ft. Ibid., 48
7. Mahaffy, Empire, 208
8. Oxyrhyncfans. Papyri • X, 1241,
p. 99,' Breccia, 44
0. Tarn, 238; Symonds, 21
10. Tarn, 2S7 Mafaaffy, 511
11. Waxman, M , History .of Jewish
Literature, N.Y., 1930, I, 48
12. Ibid., 49
13. Ibid., SI
14. Renan, IV, 258
IB. Lacroix, I, 166-7
16. Wright, 22
17. CAH, VII, 227.
18. Menander, Arbltranss, 679-85
19. Bacchis in the Pkormio
20. St. Paul, I Cor., xv, 33
SI. Tarn, 919
S3. Frag. 40 In Murray, Aristophanes,
983
23. Translation by Symonds. 464
24. Ibid., 6S6 ,
96. Murray, Greek .Literature, 881;
Mahaffy, Greek Literature I,
166; Id., Progress of Hellenism
in Alexander's Empire, Chicago,
1905; US
26. Theocritus, xv, tr. Lindsay, in
Oxford Both of Greek Verse,
564
97. Theocritus, I, 193-42; tr. Sir
Win. Marrit, Oxford Book, 643
28.- Tarn, 52
20. Frag. 64 in McCrlndle, J. W.,
Ancient India, Calcutta, 1877, 120.
30. Bury, Greek Historians, 188 .
31. Poly bins, xli, 85, 27, etc
32. Ibid., xxxiv, 6; xxxviii, 6
33. xxx, 32
84. iil, 2
36. vi, 9
J6. vf, 3
37. Hi, 48, 59; ShotweM, 199
38. xvi, 90
39. xil, 98
40. v,76
41. xxi, 32
42. xvi, 12
43. vi, 43
44. Hi, 31
46. i, 1
46. i, 86; I, 1
47. 1,. 4
48. ix, 1; H, 66
49. Dionyslus of Halicaigassus in
CAH, VIII, 10
CHAPTER XXVII
1. Atheiaeus, xlv, 33
2. Mahaffy, Social Life, 467-8;
476-6
3. Vltrnvins, Ix, 9; x, 18; Atfaenaeas
iv, 76; Oxford History of Music,
Introd. Vol., 96
4. Mafaaffy, 455; id., Greek Life,
389
5. Athanaeus, xiv, 31
6. Strabo, xiv, 1.87
7. In Gardner, Ancient Athens, 486
8. Pliny, xxxv, 40
9. Plyntarch, "Aratus,"
10. Strabo, xlv, 2.5 .
11. Pliny, xxxv, 36
12. Ibid., xxxv, 36
15. Lessing, O.E., Laocopn, London,
1874, 15
14. Pliny, xxxiv, IB
16, Greek Anthology, vi, 171
16. Pliny, I.e.
17. Bostock's note, Ibid
18. Wlnckelmann, I, 229
19. Virgil, Aenetd, ii, 49
20. Pliny, xxxvi, 4
21. Winckelmann, II, 826
22. CAH. VIII, 676
28. In Oardner, E. A., Six Greek
Sculptors, London, 1910, 6
CHAPTER XXVIII
1. Stobaeus. In Heath, Greek
Mathematics, I. 357
-Y«r-
9.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
91.
22.
28.
24.
25.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
39.
33.
34.
36.
36.
87.
38.
.89.
40.
41.
42.
43.
Plutarch, ■Mtrcellus."
Ball, W.W.R., Short History -o/
Mathematics, London, 1888, 61
Ibid., 66-7
Plutarch
Cicero, Tuse. Disp., i, 26
Cicero, Rep., i, 14
Singer, C , Studies in the Bator*
of Science, Oxford, 1991, II, 502
Heatb, II, 18
Plntarch
Ibid
Polybias, vili, 5; Livy, xxiv, 34
Heatb, I.e.
Plutarch
Polyblus, I.e.
Plutarch
Livy, xxv, 31
Heath, II, 20
Sarton, 184; Usher, 44
Ibid., 80
Ibid., 41; Sarton, 184, 195
Vltnivlus, I, T.16
Heath, Aristarchus of Santos,
310, 383
Ibid., 302
.Heath, Greek Math., II, 2
Williams, H.S., History of Science,
N.Y., 1909, I, 233
Heath, Aristarchus, 296-7; CAH,
VII, 3U
Enc. $rlt., XI, 683
Tarn, 280'
Heath, Aristarchus, 339-40
Sarton, 144; Glotz, Ancient
Greece, 875,
Strabo, i, 8.8
Ibid., i, 4.7-4
Ibid., i, 46
Wright, 14
Qarriaon, .102
Tbeophraatua, Bistort of Plants,
ii, 1.1, in Livingtone, Legacy, 178
I.ocy, 37
Orate, II, 17
Sarton, 143
Ibid, 126
In Wright, 14
Cclans, De Artibus, I, 4 in
Bottford and Sihler, 631
44. Bottford and Sihler, 631
46, Sarton, 159; Qarriaon, 153
46. Sextua, Empiricus, Adv. Math.,
xi, 50, in Livingstone, 201
47. Garrison, 103
48. Sarton, 159-60
CHAPTER XXIX
1. Carroll, 316
2. Athenaens, xiii, 90
3. Diog. L., "Theophraatus," iv-xi
4. Theophraatus, Characters, Loeb
Library, 1929, iii, xiv, etc
5. Diog., "Xenophanea," iii
6. Ibid., iii-v, x.
7. Aristotle, Anal. Post., ii, 1
9. Ibid., iii
10. Zeller, E., Stoics Epicureans
and Sceptics, London, 1870, 99
11. Ibid., 603
12. Wright, 128
13. Ueberweg, I, 136
14. Poljbius, xii, 26
15. Diog., "Aristippus," xii-vix
16. Lacroix, I, 160-1
17. Biog. , "Epicurus,"- v.
18. Ibid., vi-viii'
19. Lucretius, v, 196;' ii, 1090;
Lucian "Zeua Tragoedui," in
Works, III, 97
20. Lucretius, ii, 992; Plutarch,
Moralia, 964 C.
21. Cleero, Nat. Dear., i. 20
82, Diog., "Epicurus," xxiv
23. Ibid., xxvli; Murray Greek Reli-
gion, 168
24. Diog., xxv
25. Atheuaeua, xil, 67
26. Diog., xxxl
27. Ibid., xxvil
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid., xxxl, SI
30. Ibid., xxvi
81. xxvii
32. Zeller, 464
33. Diog., xxxi, 28
84. Cf. Fraga. 166, 186, 194 and
213 In Murray, 180
35. Murray, 138
86. Frag. 188 In Murray, 141
-toi-
37. Dlog., X.
SB. Athenaeus, vll, 11
39. Becker, 825
tO. Jewish Eac, art. "ApikoW;
Bentwicli, 77
41. Zeller, 388
42. CJcero, De Fin., I, 7.25
43. In Murray, Qrttk Llteratur, 372
44. Dior., "Zeno," 1-11
45. Ibid., x\, v.
46. Ibid., v.
47. n/id.,"CralM,"M v, "Hlpparchla",
Mi; Zeller, Socrates, fiN n.
48. Diog., "Zeno/ xxvlil-xxix
49. Ibid., xiv
50. Zeller, Sfoift, 37n
61. Diog(, "?eao," ix
Ej2i Ibid., Kjilvil, Lucian, Lactaniiiu,
aJndStdbdeua tell the tame storv;
8,1. Zeller, 40
s'3. Zeller, 69 '
54. Ibid., 121
55. Cicero, Nat. Deor., Ii, 1
- r »6, Dioff., "Zeno," IxvllHxxvii
,57. Tr l>v Patcri 50
68. pitainfcii, fie-StohRepug., xxi,
«. In- Zeller, 178; but Plutarch
fas intensely prejudiced againit
tlic Stoica
59. Oyford Book oj Qrtek Verse,Ub
60. Zeller, 288
61. Dion-, "Zeno," xix
62- Ibid., Ixlv
63. Zeller, 316
84. Dtog., [xvi
66. Zeller, 3o3
66. Cicero, Ttue. Disp. % i, 84.83-
67. Zeller, 327
68. Ibid., 207
CHAPTER XXX
1. Polybius, i,-l.
2. Plntarcb, "Pyrrhm."
8. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. /Mommsen, T., History of Home,
London, 1901, lj, 6
6. Plntarcb, I.e.
7. Livy, xxv, 40, 31
8. Polybini, i|, 8
9. Ibid., vl 1Q3
01- Ii(yy^iii,l33
11. PbNBIna, rfyi, W, Livy, xxxi, 18
12. Poiyjiitis, yvffi, 45
li LiyyUVxiv, 62
14. Tarn, 29
15. Strabo, vtll, 6.23
16. Polybius, .xxxlx, 2; Strabo, I.e.
EPILOGUE
1. Symonds, 579
2. Rede Lecture for 1875, in
Symonds, 678
8. Ene. Brit., II, 844