Skip to main content

Full text of "قصة الحضارة لول ديورانت - نسخة مفهرسة - والمجلدات مربوطة ببعضها"

See other formats


^%>Lt>M 



at£$fci& 










® 




* . ** . 



c yi—>j--j 



^JUrt* 




* 



•3 




Z 1 * 

'J 






3 fajSMtJjit 

V OUJJI t jUJ : J//I JmUII 

n Jill J*' ,>• c.^ 1 s J*-* J-* 

U J-JUJ^I Jiul : JJUII J-*JI 

T ^ •*• • . y»jlj-l J »jjlll : *iU' J-*"' 

rt U-*JJ i*\-r i u-U"' 1 J-J" 

n y^Lji JdjjUjuyi . jj^i j^ji 

M *J>JJI ijUil : JLJJI JmUI 

IA fy.^l : «!JWI J-ill 

° • '^JfSrfW J^ljll J-Jll 

v dju j^-.j^i j^ai 



vr ... ••• ••• ••• ... ••• ... . .. ••• ... Sjj-VX^VI : £Jl±ll J-«jin 

a- toiis^ijii j-jn 

A1 UUIIj c-=$3l jji : JjVI j-*n 

u ". iJc n wjT : jLjdi j^ai 

1A joili. .- iJUIl J^iK 

W 1. ... (j-l«i j»jti : gljll J«*«JI 

w o-j-Jjj : u *.u:i j^an 

U *b*f ilej-ij. : Jj^ll JmJII 

\r. jd^-fii : JLjai J-iii 

IT ^ ' i*JI : iJbll J-uJI 

ur j-Lj^ijii j^iii 

in .-. ... *jMy$j u-Jt"! : W J-* 

If jrj/jt : JI_Jil J*dJI 

Vt\ joi-iljjj j-jf-jlf»J « i,*j>tjls_-i jl i iJlill "J*«iJI 

i* ■ , 



1o^ 5S3iiaU' f j^ : Jj?\ J-ill 

Ul '. *ijy<a^ jl> : Jl— ill J-mII 

m ^jjij Wtf" Jw *k* « «!•»*■ J"-" 1 

UA ••• .jiJJI JJ : aj JI : gljl J^ill 



— A — 



L>— *jU 



nr 
vrr 



"**jj tu* : 0^*« vU' 



u-jS : JjW J~iM 

!j>l **jj : J<— 111 J-ail 
tfl« S-jj : £JliH J-^JI 



4_>U jw^-ljil 



JJ* 



Jl j J&tf » 



cTjf' 



»y 
u 
rt 

Yt 

01 
01 

vr 

AA 

u* 

»Y"l 
ItV 

tu 

»»A 

t«A 
HA 
Ut 
Y»« 
Y'» 



■ • •• • 



■ ■ • ■ ■ 



Jjtj jx£-yi i.^u 

fUl ... , <J*J* Ll"'-' 

■ rfjjytJj* 

> j-J* u-'j 

«b» U"'J 

u'j^js-Nl 

«Jjs> oil; (j-U-J 

(Si -J- ui*j»' 

.' o"^ — ->" a 

. ... (J^.Ji do-JiJ g^ 

tf*J-l fcj" 

ajsjj^l 

tfjWj*JI Jji" 

. ... ...... u-A-iii*^ 

• ... ... ... <,'»■! A I i^jr^ 



... ... .. 



u -jjw« jl 

tf-*l* IT"' J 
JjJl J Jj** 



1 
:i 

IV 

sa 

1 * 

\ 

>Y 

»r 

>t 
1 
11 
>v 

>A 

t\ 

[ • 

i\ 

ir 
\r 
it 



- nil • m 



fVIDl 



f.m 



i*i oUU jv Jtll alii „ ^lj cJlill *jJ-l ^ Ij^i : juuj 

-**** J pr J^»>- i-JWajj OUjJl «jU u ,ai j*j 1 <JI SjUiA-l 
j^ji c-jU-T (Jo**, IT iJUj^JI *iill Jp- i-j>IIj JjJill iS. J Jbjlii'l 

? Ja*Jl t_^i]l IJU J| jlWl At^Xi m Uj j^itvJ j 

J^fl J JJ^ll cjjt ^Jill ifik; jp .j^vi ^ ^-^■ , ab v^ 1 
U» J *^l dlt ibT J J^VI ^Ah UjUII or j li]i t tS^V 1 
j& 1 OjJI -.Ijil 6t IJU t-a-i jiUI jJjJ-I J l^ dJtil *>l 
■*Ui TiOp jji^ V ^ j JL ^Jw «J5t^Vl IJU ^4 . ji ^ U s -r -f 
Icjj Xonophon.Alcibiades OjiyLTlj J.aUII JluT Jsliftl jj. 

«u*ii ^ JUjJi iffr ji Vj »T ,>iUi ^tji-i j jjj iTirtj* air 

* * • 



-c- 

Jjjll a*.U- iJUcil SjbNI J*iii e>J O^i t5>-l Sj- l^-i^J 
«JJUI icL J|j t &f-j Ul OJ^pj c-»b£3l lift CjJaA Q\ o^Jl 
4?l j»-f Jp IjUt ^Jll *lyll Jlj t Oj^j 4*Jaj CJLi& Jlf ^'Ij i?-j3lj 
aOa i^jj J JLj>. jyt-JiJ Uj aUJij UL jS"% jiU-l ja ^IT^Lii SiUI 



v£u0 



jljl^xULI^L 



..MtA* 



I 



. r .iU"UW l y 



, ^ ^i j-Sj J.i> j nt-m 

. j*. j uo Jy-t u-jj ( >> ) J^» u-.^ r ao - r tf 

. jjk, *«#-,,- Jj i jjsC^i Sij>»^.J js-s r r \ - 

. ifciM wu»j Oj-Jii m - 

. 5^1 ja.ui Jj«i i/jjJun ^jts** r«Y-nv 

. y jjo. dL .j^is^- Jj-Sfl jJ^ r o - r i * 

. uJJi gtt ^j Wjt rv.-ru 

. aiu £& aUjaii «k \\k - r \ r 

. yjU Hj>ij«yt u-* ( jj5ia ) J^i A»L ya. - r i r 

. *i-*w u»t. o^u r • v - 

. yjjit dU ^u-jjgb, ^^jUi tAV-r«v 

. jwi ^kiu ^u u-^jg^fj! i tflijk ,»j&9I ^4j«i r..- 

• uw-^l * u-j« YYY-YA* 



- i - 





. {■ . o 


. 3-_JijjJI c^d\ L>jj» 


r^«- 


■ ^Js*j" lTs'J ijj'jwl 1 


ry.-rAA 


. IfisSl.j ij-uSC-VI uW. 5 ( ^-JJj* ) Jlill vj+JL 


r*1-YA» 


. g^lH j»* Jj^SU-"! .j-jJJjj* i SjsSCll jiA. ^Jjajij i 


rA*- 


. s^ai. ^JL. ( ^ui^. ) Jul ^-jj^iit \ 


rrA-rAr 


j*La ^jo c ,^1 ja*. f Li t. l /lai ^^-ui v.jt-J"} 


rA«- 


. «*jj J» ^jt 




. j>I^VI JyUI ( ^V ) Jj^/I uM*jjit 1 


hy-ya» 


. ilijJI yj»j_, S-Jj^i" i>jji£ OjJUJI 1 


rv^-rA* 


. *jl«-» J>i u*J|S \ 


rv^- 


. i^mjII ^rfjj JlS* i 


|"V* — 


. (fja^oll 3--T l)jjij OjJUII 


f tfV- 


. ^Ul J_^JI ^jUljl , 


rvo — 


..UAI^^LiJI^J \ 


rv»- 


ur'JJ f tiljoliJI ^-jSCll u->jjijb*j ^jO-iS^M ^.jiiT t 


v« - 


. fciju JiW 




, „JJI fM ^j jftl ^Ijil , 


fu-ry- 


. S-J»^- Sjilt JliR JL> jj* ^ 


*U--Wt 


. J«,*l ^1 ^1 ^ ^^L-jl , 


'«i-m 


. 4£jgL>j£H lJji-1 1 


"u-yix 


. S**l J* Jjs-j Jlill ^j^il i 


•n- 


. JjUl j>Ij^VI ( a.jJ ) Jlsll ^>jjal i 


rtY-YIV 


. tfj 1 -*" iriU iJ-jSiW' 1 


rrv-Yiv 


. jelill ^jSDI ^lij. , 


■v- 


. ,u*Si ^Jibj j jiui ^^ or .>i>—i J i , 


'oA- 


. tf>ii /ui Jo^ji oUjUj! 1 


A.-YoV 


. «&JL. jjffrJjsCJlv^'J 1 


'O- 


tf^JLl £jjll iijiuL t ijTj^JI" i. Igf jli SSlt ^,-Jj jj-UjI - 


-Yo« 


. >iifl' ,^££1 tfj>»SJ 




.^JJl/Ul^jil^Jl.^aJ-jl , 


f *V — 


.( ^jsyr-)- JUM^L , 


r-t v-ytr 


. (Jj^u-irt-jrJ) Jliflu-Ws \ 


fY\-YtX 



. f . 3 

. yjii. jjl jiiil y.j£ jlo m - vn 

■ fj^j; ^ u-Ji Jj^ 1 u3 n v - rro 

. tfy-VI ^ j u-J^-4 j'^ T • V - Y r Y 

. M J j* u->'j' YY^ 

. Li jOi. j)L ( 6j-jj ) iJWI ^^1 Y Y\-YY^ 

. a- jl^.1 j u-ijAjjlT iU^L-l YYt-YYI 

. u"»jj j*-«* J'jJj" yy« ■• 

. jjUl j>i juW ( ^i ) ijuji ^yLjjal u v - y y r 

. ( SH& ) g 1 -' 11 u'>**^i v • r - yt \ 

. ^bJI^UI JUjJI^jJ^I YT- 

* 

. *»jj 4-J J jVl Li jjtfll «-j ^-' Y • • •- Y \t 

> iV-Sj' ^j- « *-j»y- J» Ji^J (j-jl-jl. Y \ Y - 

. yi'jj 5*^ j £-•? LU^ t » • - 

• •Jj-Jj* 1 ' j-j->)l ^ji{ j Y ' A ■ ■ 

. LJUjj iU- ^*, y«« ■- 

. yui yjAiii v >i Mv--v. 

• -Jj-M" tj jLJI ^.j y • • - 

J UI #*Ji j£~ ^ p*; j; 4* »v -MY 

• s»j*«-5ii s^. o-l jj iJi o»>- ,t A . - \\ - 

(V Jk« r c t JjU-lL-i-y) 



-1- 

. f . d 

■ ( JW ) e'j" uf»l- IV" - 1AV 

. *^jJlu 4L &j*>j t \\K-\H\ 

. JjU j>ij«yi ( jJim ) gijl u.y-.jrf w - m 

• fcjju u-jsr'ji fr«j */8i s!>l w- 

. JjU j>l jj-VI ( Ai* ) J- "" 1 u-J*^ I IT - 1 1T 

. jjiJ j>i-r?i ( ^V ) Jj^ 1 u>jiJ*> \ • • - nr 

. Cri.^ J*=r J W^* 1 fe- «Jj* CT" a _»t" «*S I *v - 

. <• JJ J }j*jjf \ • • - 

. JjU« ji>» jm?I u-V| ->•*-*« H • - 1 •• 

* 

JJJ* j^ll ur-ji— i ot^CLoJI j^LJI o^J^J ^Wy 1 u-jJjV' 1 • • — 



oikUi ^jU; 

.historla mon facitol> >*V^ jUlj ~ >d1j jl^u-VIVliiuJJH 
<y ^ ^V OlT jx£-fll Oj* <jl UJUAI OtjJl a*. >tf jl 1JLL 

jl t»i* j oTj 4 gjUdi J»-I>i >>T o"Sll U j» 4it Uj* pyi la* OIT, 

Jp 3UI IJU OITjOIj . ft >fc»>.j g^J sj^ Oja j^i i -ui cjltJI iBll. 

t Vyi i>l oy cj:* ^ 4J*'J^ SjL^- 1 Of ddli . •jSS'^j a* f> 
O^iJBIj t sous*. TjUail L~£i C^sil a» dJili 4* ^S^JI J* 1^1 J,_ 
y>jw (jin« i^ljll oLj^ljw^fl jij^ J»» o' -**j «^l*»- *^^j J 

JiAl *jJI 0] J; t c-*-»-j t^j>-l 5j-» LJji 1 j* J j \ viMJjj ' «JjJitj. 



- A - 



i &^A 4JT J*b Si l#*> £J& -£ *iVjl\ 4»UiJlj LftjJl WIlj 

J olJjJl rj)\ ^ jlj . L^ jiillj \j&, j| cJUj Ji t 5JU-3j 
jlj t APU*ij i-U- tUjJl iili- J vUir tr oil-oU^II &\zjj J 
-o-jjs-t ^JUi ^\ ^ £,_,! Tjj> T^ 4jUjji djUiij v b vi j^ 

. frtl dm J 

To,- oidlj ^UVI j- il; 4* ijj* jui JUjJ |IUII 01 iili t jO^L-Vl* 

c <Li jJLlt — (_!«?*» t5^ **&• Jji ii»*» -ui Jj7 1 All iUi . iUaS4 

■» ft 

t J&liLi obl^lj J»!5Ul C-*Uj < (J^Jji-VI ^ «Lst ii»l*->u xutf 
' pj*OiJ ' ^jt" ^^i^ * u*-}J, ii f^Ji *->'" aj * «Jj a ciuTj 

vUISj . «U^tll 4>tjjj Jj^jJI 4?.U»ji L*jpjfc& 6bw'UjJI aJLL^j UUa^ 
Jj-ij 4aUI j* Si**» Jailjj V] IfjiujiV Jpljill ipjpjLI jJ^L.^1 *JjA 

Jli_>Uii . ^_jU *UJI Jp 1$** tSji'N t jijJIj «i»bUflj t JUjVI 

J**!fa>-\ j \^J iJjjXi-\ aJjJJI Clip j . Jubll ajL-JI y> JSL jui ^* **1* 

*i*a ilili ji (J l_*»ua£ 0' Uj^>1j^ r^^i- *ii*J^ ^j^ ^j'fJ u*J*L 
Je I _.iIa o» *i»l ji.aJI Sujt SjL«!^ oT IJl» Ji «->Ui; . Jb-lj 0151* J 



- \ - 



£* [fS \y*S£ iji^ <jf ililijLt 50a JUuj . Af'l^i V-* Oj>iI«i 

1^** -Olijjl *% t «jjIj 'J iJaui* Ol_^» Li&J lil ~- Swyiil SjjSH 

Ji 'j** J' *>l J* V»l>4ll Up f ji" ($011 ^Uty toil 01 
AUJUVlJl jWi tf JUl 4IUJI y> JL&ll J ^.L.511 tail at IT . ^^ili 

C-Oi.JlfP ^ Ua^Ij Aj^jU^I ^J/W CJl^Jlilj . vJyJ-lj SjjJJIj 

^)J-\ \j&.{ HA~ YTA ) Uoi.Jl *j)/i,yj w u*J6-»j< "V 1 <il 

-o uuw aujji ^ J TjUii jit juJi ^, jij , j^i i y> ju 

J ^ J^l J S^ Jit jt W Jit iili jt j.^1 4* jutd JUlj 
^ill.Ojjiji cJb", t ^j*t Sy ftjjt OjW ,JLijT cL. Uj . SJfcJI 

Vjjuu /* ji fcjjdi jjujt j, jji^r i\Aj i *&.t j* i^. at 

t 
t tt-j* c-aJT dttr OlS - ^ J^ J^. cjiUo'Vl ,>- £-j> t (HA) 

nJjJJi\ Demetrius of Phalerum jtjJJi\ «ji.ji>i&-\J*&i->\i'\f 

•Ujii ^ u^- ^j *-v J M 1 ^**" i*M isjUi ouij * jui j 

«jall .a* f ut ^ UJU ^J _, 4 SJ^Ijll «+ cJ. l^JLTjX^^I XJ^ 



- \' - 



4 ^»lji«jJI ^J-l j* tij^l UIp j^p Jfl a£o- c^ itft CjiusJj 
t (T) «J <bw j£*J t^jlj-Jlj *U-j t ijjJil Jp LL*» OjJjJI J f lit j 
t WyUIl 4Jlj*Ujr iJ*Jl JLPI Jl Ou^r-il iLiJl ^ £»j 
^jJ t-jj Jj all ^j^Jk Jp T jaL IjUail i ^ 25^ J j^i\j 
Cj v ,y* S-liJl*. oMT l,J j>a»m^«l * Ijpi «*» ^ajj j^p^-j * ( V 1 A ) 
i(TU) Ljj4l> Jp ISCL- *-ii J«fj . LJU IjIp a;jl *&j t jU*U 

cJS3l ^ ^ o>il t ( YV*l ) cijJI dUi j- 60,- gj a*jj 
t r i M ik ? >t J k^NI jj^J*- L* «>j» Brennus t/«j»>. **\*y. « uJWI ijt 
Jp ■- .^« tt * ^J**^^ j^JI ij^ J ?UJI J* ftfT £)>» 
Jj jLtl » ^joj 01 tj-U-ji Jjij . **»>** 4 J V'j* *•-** OUjJI a!& 

4 Apollodorusu-JJ-?^ *■** j{ Vj^cJ •Jj* 51 jl^jH li*,j-* J 
^jjjJI ^jfe J ^U-l »l>ai IjJbTj . jljfJI Jl ^1 j. ^i ^Ij 
IjjLfj 4i o^WI it J dli ^ U j . ^"jjJ w.ipij »Lp^H ^ jjScll 



iJ iJu ul dlijf LJLj t 61SL. JTJ Damocles >l£»i o 6 u-Ji^ "^J (*) 

. y-^ai sit.! ,> id jtii u* ji ^.xi- 



n 



jJsm li"jJj' l^j' *tr_>* *i^»l^j V^ji *j* *** (►r"'-"* y* • ts^l 
. jWI & W *~* J»J u-Zji Jh% ' •j'j* u* £)*»■ ^-^ 

£1)3 olj |Jli t ^ CAeJ\ *ji- IjiS'lj j»*lo \j.j*j i pr^jj^ 
ofjtJ • • • J UI i>* U > ^j*^' i^lja^r^ jUJIj olijJtJI »LUI. 
C*d 0* Of 1 * • • • u -r~- ^ ^^ u* ^^ ! ^ ^ J p <>*. u* 

• * 

*^*' cf ^J" frW* i>* °y^ri-i ••**■'-» j*1 ^ SJ *^ Jr.*-* 3 *! 

ijJj^ji ****T « *yi> L-ljct i!iUI J bLi l\p «Mp ot J*uj 

0J-lT,>L>- OjJUl JUj . OUUI j^j U\J JJj t ( LiW -L 
'J»ljAj v- T >•>- (> **"l* <W ^lj Jj^fl a -ijl- OfcAj. 
i^jljjlc jjLS; iji- i y* 1 ^j Ua>-j JUaJ>i CJlTj . aj-^/I j>JI 

« 



il baJ ^4 bit U" i iil>l J» j. j^Liit jJLJI j- ^Ijj baJ ^1 («) 



- \1 - 



i*\jpj f*Jj* Iftil^jij -a t aJjJJL«j k UijLoj c fj^ji ^jk* J** 
M ^ Sjj^dl Sljill Jj<ll oUy a*J jtsQI JJ dJUIl j^SlI J 
*J.Li J* ^ii* l^jt Jl> cJlS"icai!l SjUJ-l jt dlli . fclijJI 
5JU c^lkiJ aij c l*>-l*^-lj l*»lj*]j b..».u HlW i^*J.I <>• j£ 

i% J ^r^w: CJIT i)UI ^lj t JU^fl Ji>tcb '\}\j*[ ^^ill IJLi 
l^e*l Ijip «&j iCJill l^^ IpU J** y»jJI Olfjf cij J OUjJl 

*;Ij J»Jj>J.lj ^-tfljClji (j-JJjvO jjI cJWI ^j^j'l a>j 

jUlit Uj { ojal..^ .>JUH i> t tfill liiyJ'if.L-.LA « ^b'Uj^. i 
W ,>i^jj o'Lt'fb V-xtf* UJU- tSvi. aJjJUL. ^»-j t ^jjJjlA fc3 
c iLiillj f jLJIj ^bSlI ^L TaIjsj. Ufi- OlTj . ( Yf A — YVV") 
Jljjll dfc j £ jijj c aW^, Jl JUJI u *>l J J!U *»j*i ^PJi-lj 
aUAI ^t aJULJI dtt; Jjt olSj c 4I-U- J»> ^.b Jll SlJUdU 
^ IJi* «j . ^^Jjjl ^-CU c^Ji Jl iijlll ii^M ,y. ujULM 
^UjII^j jJ-I 01 ilb . l^j?- 5iUu*N bojf»- j^^cJSi *SZ>. *tit 
^Chremonides^a^jit tlijM dJB J */■>> 0\T ,?JiH J^fl 

.Ijl j»-j JLuil J , 2Uu*l. JUi j i ijjil j* JwjJlSJ,! ijJ-\ ijk» CM j^a* 
SltUo *JUIp <£\j c. ( Y*IY ) fcjJiU j>*"1 j i J^-» J* ^j^ujI 6*l>-j 

\c»J 4 ^Jj 5 - J iiLUVlj vj^s-i J illjli^l ^ tut jJl>.J l ^j;L- 

. 4X.IT l,!^ fcjjJI ily IJL* Ijlp 
jiyjl Sl^i.^^l <w*JUtj Jit Jtrfj t5>^l <yUjJl Oall CJlTj 





4 



a 



1 



- ^r- 



^1 odJ-1 ^ i Jj^l LSdJ-l J i^-j - c5^> Jfti JJJI 
«j«aP Jl t Jjljj t Dyme ,/aj ■. Pafrae ^ju <yU. ^ vjJ^LI 
Jl IM oU.1 cilij . ^jjjJLII JJU j. Tjjr cJjll dlli Jl j*. 
If&Jj t U£l ««j£J-l ^jji ^ Jp J>j& jj^.\ *)tf" l^* oJti 
j-i?Jl>l JIj ^1 ^ <ii Vrj^l Ir'IM* jfeJLU Ulji c-JL-t 

CjKj . U j&J JUfT „ ^y) J jt JUT JU 1 ! ^ fJfl .| J uj.| 
vUliJl i>y8l J*f" OjWl J-A- J iyvi. AlHj .. l^JLio Jl ^tf^l J 

aUjU U»U >> tJ LII ox. gh £* ot oUjUl J flpi^jj o-U* 
0A- ^ i*fc U Uj 4^s cJb jl l^JI Jl ^ Ot -J1j 
«N*-j u" ^ C^ *^J Lr* ttj^^> J^ij . ( Yr<> • - Yto ) 
Jl >\Jj i Vja4«u»j^I iK**{j » **ll ^j^jTl <j jUj 

JUL v. mi «->ai vu-i Ujj i^ji ji jai ^ . ^ ^ou 

J> Nj U Jj>. V cJlTaa - ^ J JU J'bUu-L^u^j jUjJi^aai 



6* 



- M - 

UJL>-T jt* t U^ji Oljip J us? j o'UjJI JjjJI b*ap CJlSj 
^Jij itjL.1 14*.^ SJjiVI *~*JI cXlil YY • ^ U Ji . J^IJl J 

juy *~*Ji i^dMj < V^> j>- j* UJ ^tju> i>i jp «#uu 

mXi it ^1 U ^*. ^ ij*- SJJU J OjilTji IjJITj c <JLJ\ JjiU ^ 
t gJUlj *li*siJl Ijlto- ^ V»jtP Oja S^rfllj *liji5U iUlTi*.^! 

^••joAl £*- OjUi *l>ai ^ij s V'jJ 11 i^b^ 1 ^jy «W». 

.cijji diii & f u aju jj *up^m j-i oirir^tjji ^j^u jp 

4 <&rjj jjjI t-Jii Jp \fi j *i/» ^ <UJI *U j Jp J^-l j» t)l^4il dllij 
i)j>-UI <d* jll»Tj . JLAjJl ^ »-J» Ai 6»- «ilW <J* J*-* <$ *^JJ 
IjilTjJuU Jp *f^ t « apljJl tff Doson Oj-joJI i^i ci jll dJUS J 

^^-.1^1 v^Jii Ui J t %£ JlPjII li* JafT <£i j . tJ&j, Jjjp ^J Alt u^»j* 



\o - 



•*^jj . t»u ,>*Kj #1* ■&• *4* cjis'if *Uj Japlj ui£- jts"t ^»j 

^p JjlwJ CjUjj LLijII Alii J^ Jl>-lj j»Ip JU» AJjJLi* jje i»JjJ~I 



_n- 



♦* • 



0'7W*J i£>iJI _^>JL5ib <u1p JUXw ut J*l>- jUji j»j( o'-xP 'Jj^iJ 

iJUtf v^JlT ^UJI ril abjl a* £jljll J OjU. IjJlT jjJUI *li jll 1 
OjLju ^.aJI juJI Jil^l cJ- jlJI aji* IWfcJ ctflj t ^U'ill J 
f lk!l U* J^iiij . WalojNI J To>.Tiir i l^ juJI dJUUI *«Jtf- J 
J* UUij 5 JJ & ^ j^t ^Ull Jp ju*« ^JJI JpIjjJI fib ^1 

iwlj OU-U. J iuj3l £-LK*l Ji Cot ObUJI glai'j <ij«dl J-l> 

jlk.^11 ^T 0>!^T jTi gljl bjA\ J J^j . iu*W J>ji\ u" 
t ^Ul l&t hj & tys-^jll ^ Jp cJjr •* jV^ 1 ^Uijj 
. OO -j|l 4_ju £>M tf ajl ^JiJl jClb J*n o- Ji I* <~i.» 
^ i^j*; a» l&i J iwlj ob-L>. cJlS" J*- tUtll Ojill Jlj Uj 



- w- 

ilj^lj c i!AJI p-b* ^ 1^>-I>j*-I ,y ,^-jT UUJ ^ iviill :>l >u»l 

; foil J \fjy «— ««aJ 

^1*11 cj\& i djUli J i^ju v%x cjUluii <_» ^> ^mi vuir 

UoO* juI>. JJUI |IUII J (Sj&\ jJULI ^ Jj &}t J S>wJ|. 

' uW; 1 ^J^^i us* J 1 i4* <^-> t V* bj»*i ^.JUI JUJl iJlPj 
£jjTjT i^h*. t^tt jn«o j^j^j c iSjJ$\ y> OjasiV ^ Ojpbjj 
u*>.-» J tf jj3l Ji»jJI i3lj-T J ( JLj JJU jt MLj (>J-j fcU ) 
fit; t ^l^llidl LU J Ic Oj^. .j-LJI j* aop olSj . u-^jjj 
ij- 6t UJUJI jb? ^ DIT, t UUtyl fc*U» sUUf ^ c iSB JL.VI 
Jl UUII C jjll it IJU Jl <J»U. * JUL; JULil otlp ^Ul Vj li J 

aw, 1 

i aJjoII *jw ^ ly**J -bjt Jfev ,>. Jlrill j- Oj>-> ui-Ul 

^uui & juV ^.aji ji^di ^ uir jit j»j>ji ^ ytr J ijjir 
4 &jw ooii J c-hIj i^j i*juai ooii j SjWJi ^^j 
^i* wj3i & bj^&y ji,di oir^ * ^ijii sjuui SjUji 

'■ <y^JjJ ' L»>-j ' ^UaJt Jp »Jl\ jc oyUAj IjJjSO 1 IT 
UUII ^j r "jU' ^ iijjtfj IjSISj t S-ji^j u ^.jxCNIj 
JUI i>i>. I^Jj^ ^ t J»jUI JUrj aJp j*Uj . aS^iXll> 



— tA- 



4 W>C*U£Uj OJUltiT *>J>. IjJtf'J; t y.^i dWilj jM 

£3/ ijsj jl i.lp (JtjU*. A&jvj ^jlo Ji. OOll jyajJ dlS^j 

£jL£l ja +fX*ai t)t ^^ U jwljjl j- 5JHI J SJb: j&o itoUl j^i 
<yi>-J i-0<LI Jl^fl J^l i^-U cJITj . ° 0) ^Xjp ^ > 1*1 

J.i-j&l JI^I'^UI ^ojl J «--*> Ji >^l j* jxCVI j'V 
Jl v ufll j*. £>!T 4i* c-aJI 10* j& t OyX^l iljW <jJl> 

CJUl-li t dlijJl «j jt J J-i. <d J» j« i Jb- Ji *L£^I SjjJ iLobjl.» 

-£j * J* i$* cr« ,M ^Ijj^'j u**ij" ^->««*Tj t fjjv* OjJI 
*LJJI C-^tvilj & uJ>- IjA_j U*aJ ^UJall CjU>-j OjL^j t **^«JI 

> ^LL-jVI JiSo^^l ^LJI 0U*T sljl* l^L&Vjj^l jk-J^j 

jijll oliiij >l J-Jl ^T ,>. Jyll^j c l^t ^ rtUl jUilj 
oVTiJyj t r ljjJI Jp Jl^OI "^ J*JI ^. \) . If jjj _ u ,-i i 
bjif IjL-J SjUII ^jt J Jl iSlijJI Jail J ^lj- JU-JI ^ 



- N- 



i/Xy & Vo^. J ' 5JtfU > cr* ft" 41 Jai ^>- l -> 5irL * 

/^•iljjSIJp *Uffl tJUl 53jJ.I JaW UtaUui^lj oL.jSU-1 
.Ji l^ JbUI J Sj> £ J Wl&ll > oljl&Jl */* Cot Jij 
JJtf jJp tfJbt J 8 j> />• j* j ^ i c>jl j* ^J j JJ 0* ^1 ^ u 
* syi^NI oLiUaJI Jl ll^l ^o^. *I>UW i>Kj . *ljriM j* W 

<>. ^ ijjjik. st^ j» Jtrt o»Tj i (i jjfli oij> sj^u«j c uJaSm 

jJUili ^Iju lilil Jl SjpJJI oliJ J U- ttull saJUll lW i>Kj 
-^jf J JW ^J *-** J* : iJl * MiJ, U* u* ui J* u^" V^ 

ijj> Ifi uMj 4) W Jj{ Ob'jJI jlj!ll.( U WI li^')^ ^ 

^jj'jvifj i ifijLXJli a^X^- jlc 6j*«wij c SljLM ^o» J^ Ojlww 
"T"v ^a^i "• jUi-i lj -r) 



- Y» - 



Siruii v* ^a iujji ob « oujji ^ ^j*- \, < > v, ^ i^ 
^A v'ji i* jpt ij^t j^ji ^y & <i ol£u JSj < juja 

i iT^I jiUj >NI ij>I *>^> l^ ^1 U ISJ* . ol>b 

It-'j^ <tf iV-ji Jl OULUI <ju pJ>J| djr p iroill yUjJI oall 
\flfi Ciitj l^jlji J ljIAp^I cJ otj t ^tll l^. J t CiUUJl 
U-*". «-J»^i f • J \ o • f I* 1 iilj»- o-jJj{ <— £j . ^UIpjJ Villi 

: t5> JiM* Jsj-j Ulji iTcJji-l eJLA ^aIIL. 

* Wj cf+l Jl ^Wl u->' (0»dl .U 1 jll tf t) I jL* ot Uj i 

l,J vL*«J Otj t Ia>> uL*. Jp jJao Ot *lijiJl OjI^I li] 4it dlli 
^ UlTljOi Jj\ \pPj oo^j ^ t 1^1 jv- JL* o- j/wJ & JUVI 



~Y\- 



■>^u» &jj t^i ji J ^i jp ^ as ^ji iij- J tfj-^ii ^.j 

£jUdl Ujiit ^jt ^^ J*j . >.ty jJUjt f uT 4PjU S^pJJi. «Jit 
o^jT tf j» Ja t 0jUS3l •Bjflljt »lyWW Oj^Lil "ill V^t ^jji 

C C>lyllj C (jff e»WI jlfl l^lij j!l 4~n3UJ)i JjfJl 4»iL» Jp l^w Ua 

h ' V.j^ 1 Y^U »=**» J* Vo * ts/^ 11 *yM <3>!i i> «& 

i,yut ^i t s^ij ^i ^uy sj» tyj u i syii jrij, cijaij 

£?\y (J OUjJI a*, l^ oJUJ J| /-IJLI ^ t/ ^.j JUT J ** jai 



-YY~ 



''" ih^i 




SjjJLI 4AT0T ^JIit|fJl5ll ^oll jy»a; jJlall Jjj »ik; Jii J^a Ji5J 
. *WI sJif. jj-UI OUj f- jpj* l-i* Jsr-T ^j t \^j\*- tf- 1* j>«p caJ Ji 

a^i >U at jp . orutijii i>j > >j f^ij ysi jiJJij Vi^'j 

t>T j*p . cJi^u If'j^V IjJ^fa IfiUaL- ^ jydl (j^o JkOiU* «l«jj^ 

i^it S^Jja c-tf Uj . JjJUl iL* Jp TjmLi oJUJj gp*A aU-VI 
^j* J c^j t tfj>^M ^ l^Utflj U^ll jup-jJ Ji la* VL» 

UL* OlC Jb-t Euphemerus ^ij^ 01 dtti j* . fc-Jtfll fcjlsll JtfliJl 
Hiera Anagraphalilj^T Ij*a j^JLUbS"^ .Jf • «^Ip JljP-^iJ 5-LU*J 
4J Jli ^JUIj 1 ( JUtiM o^UJl- jt clit&l J jJ-l «b*. j ) 
IJIaj _ dj& l>T U1j < ^bll Uju»- oui. ^ji a£j at 4 *A VI 01 
Ui>» jhJLp jT ^1 ju. ^T ^oT NlU _ /Sfl U^l j* 
1 olrti-j ^.IjUu-l Nl j* b[ >U$!l 01j t 0U}ll ^ J" jkjU* 
u*Ji> • £A' cijTOJ TaJii -.Ij* J^M J cJirttjHoNlfe.'Jll Ob 



-rr- 

t i>pjU -JUj OUVI ^Ji ilj± 4$ dJ^AXB iij£JL>y (j-UloI J* 
OJ4* Jij ( 4w>^ «JU4>- SJLap 4JI «-»JLf L)t £JiV fljill U»j 

. SjooJ-I UjJI ^j&JI Jl JjjJLjxCVI oljUAJlj VJJ&\ oljUSl 

^t it t jjiJ ^t ^. t ^u jisj hi-i j^js 4 l>- i^ir 

UjUM C-*i*v»l IJUb Jjj-T j^j . sU-l a»«iij JJ5JI &>U» *• ^jUa 4?1 
< Seropis ^-ul^j c ,^-j jjV S.»Ip ilij 4 If— i* &j1 J Jj»- c SJbJk^i 
£*ji*\j . fc-Jlf^ 1 V 1 ^ 1 a" »J ' fcrS 1 '^ Befldis u-Jr^iJ 

m 

iUi^j 1 UlUJjc ./**■» ci V*^ u- ui ^J v^ 1 \nytywJM 

jltfTiH *J.»j - j>l _' IfjLj&jfl vp&fjl* 8*1^ CJU& j . C-jO 

,>. aJr ^ Vj^ 1 'U C^ tf j%»Ij . cr-U J JV ,:i * ^ UJ| &~ 
r05ll j^jJI OlToil . I^p j* oti; . Jl U^l i$p% lAUJl oiJ>. 

4 *Ullj JtfjJI £f- W$-Ch Jj» *^& 84*4^1" UjJJI ^jSUl 

fcWbfcl Jp ^Ul jv CJIT, 4 jl^l^ 4 .Uj^llj 4 t_Jl>3l ^j 
u u^j .fijUi yl-.^u y-iiii but ^ ij^- vksoi uu air u jj (* ) 

. 4-iicJpl J 



-tt- 

*»1j < W J 1 * 51 V £». i5JJl ^jH J f l*j$lj ^j^l ^^j 
Us- Jl UU4 TjOp y iJUJI olTaili . l^ 4aJLoJI_, jjJI S^U- J JUill 

ji*A <j<J»^- uT^i oT JjJ-i j-i-v Jiij V jM 1 •*»&* 

t^T^II oao^ 01T6UVI jU ^.j t UjuSj U>«> JjJllj jljiSlI 

cJ»ji — J j j* i : Jiji iJall (jL. all ^p Ojjwu IjilS* /»t->*i ijfJI 

dJJJll JL» OBj . .i CY °lJbv- ti3S?ii£i C)T j>-y i Mazzol-Tof 

i 

Tyche ^OjJUj JJUAI |IU!I »UT ^ J ^bll OlTj . a^U.1 a« 

<£»j* JU$I J 4iJ4 ^JUI jJ^fl Jip iljju ot u)UVI jjJii J ^j 
. &>-W Jp UN 5j05 jt-c jsi "if bji MU Jjt lii VI tfiiai ^ 
J JleJIj %uU aJjoI ^^V 1 J* ** aa VM SjUi-l c-B oil 
«**#l jjalli -par J JJjdl tfjiT j- Ul jW on&JI cJttj e \^ 

»tj t 4Jjil ajoi-l olijjUljm^lc^j « *^t»jj <i^ *^ «i*a»^ 

* 

r: ercnrial, c Jovial 3j>Lf5Hi oU^ll .i— * L U jlluj (*) 




3, 

> 

~3 



-> 

>> 


V 




/•"» 






1 3 






-D 




-?: 


■ j 

:3- 


-* 




i 




2, 



■> 
"1* 

:> 



■I 



Ye- 



c AbJbU LjjT J itjb- b: *oA IJUj c uv»- J| <3$>5l\ -pJO" u-»l«.T 

jIvpj t tt* jtfTj cjit i? <j»>t ^b^i c^w»tj i ai^i j 

• • • 

^.bT^j* ^ UajJI JLit l)UjJI ^a OL.jjll *U- 6t 1JU c «»-«JI 
V« faWj JwJI 1JU */. u«lj5JI CJIT ^ t ^jjj UJ>i J 

■ M 

c v^i ^ijaij V i^i si&u 4tfjdi y&ai j4 ij . lui oujji 

lj*>M ^011 j>JUdl <J»U'T o- «j^ j*^ p>-t dWIy * i3^^l» 

js^ cull o^j objlj ; «jjdi *^ J sju -ap\*j pJtr t ijj/i 



- YV 



<^b Jl ^ jIju Oj>\, . cn >>jU-l J VI IA ^ V &l£u ^y 
^IJI «_- jjJuII uUU OjAjjl dJUS". oL^ltj olj^UwJJ c»U15j 

oti Oj»oi SjlkJI ^ i*l jUjJl p**ij fc ti-i^-lj Sjl^ll j* -fcl Ifi 

. f L^l j,U J oinTjfe J, iljlll jlSBI p J12. <l JJUdl U» oIToIj 
«_.l£j| oi b : cr ->l>jU aJU<a# ^^wo J Simaetha M" Jj 8 til J* 1 

jJjTfclj ^-j* jLo ot <y dUi Jp Jit JajcJp^II OUaJUl 4j>-U* 4J3J-I 
JIj j V« • , • « • ) i>>j *ijj j^U U jUiU Sj^ Oh^ *' a* 15^ 
Jill IJLa ^1 5>-l>- J 1^1 a>>£ Lamia L*V 4iiL£?J \jAj jp (^jjvtl 
SJLJI aJLa d\ t i_->Ui»Jl OjAj jII Jtfj ' OjjUaJI ^ l^«jL U Aj fbd 
ijfiH j ^O jiibV ^Ull T^l J 8 « jl^l i jJb- JOoJ J| S jJio j& ol Jj"iJ 

a>-t f ut iJ^ IJLa Ci\fj 1 ii^jtll obUJl <y 4jjj± Ji OljjUJI »LJJI 

diJi J ajujJI J^i J TLsj irijLii ajUjJi stjii cT^iij 

t jiJIj -iaJUJIj JUJIj t-ii'VI J 4.SSj* Jj4^- I A CJlSj c j^wJI 

i!Aj Jjt J tfcjUil JLiiu" Sjjmj^II Aristodama Ubjk*jT cJl5i 



- YV- 



j^w «-o alt Tjuj . a^jU* J *LJUI J yi ij t y&A jj^jo ' ILm^\ 
S--V J| -J^l dUi J ^ jJtl Jlf»JJ 2^1 SiUI oUjj t ii^l 

^Ijlall ^t j, JJJI ±jj. ^lj i 4aj$\ Jp l^j ^ Jp 
oil- lil VI ^ ^Ift-V 1 Jp v 51 *. Cfi p ' -r^ 51 ^ J S JjL» 

j-yi air, < ui>T & ^^ jT t i^.j j fau > Jp sTjli 4ji 
& *j J 1 j-^ 1 ^ eft Ij ' c* ,un j^ u^j*i <^i o* j^ci 

c$"" J^j" cS*"J B « Posidippus^jj JU-tjj J^i idJli Jj « U^T 
.2*1 j^t jj>.j jJUj 61Sj . f IjJlJI Jp ^UJI j»JI «LI ^jw OlS^ t A-iJ 

a&S)l btf jlSJ : *■ tl 3 Y » * * U J u-iaJLl OlC ^ S^J ,>««*.> 

Sa>-lj i^t Jp jj j, aid j U Jll ^1 aap ^ jl EretrfaljjJji Jj 

%-5Uiraifj.t>iii5Jb.ij s^ oiryij t s^l sy* jbi jrj 

OjLi If) Ci^Tj bUli eOA Jj IJJJI OUJJI CjU- Ot ^ « (jjjJl 

^tll <_a> 5JU:i f L-^ll J 0B*4,-i! j^all 01 £ i »h#l ol«ij WJI 

jap' <>*■ ot Ui i 5jcj 211 ^"^11 Jst olj*xUI J Oj^l^LI 

t^bi ■ T^aiSLlI iOp Ji a>- {Ja! Jl jJ^ijiyij ISjT J ji^V-l 



-YA- 



jljj c mJjJLIi J jJl\ aljil iJlP JjJ^ ^j»«i ^£1 i_-l» «fJJi t/ljJ 
t Cn>^| |JL» ji 4Jp l^'lTLf JJUl J o^ V* JW-J 1 ^ dW{ 
JJ>- JJM JOJbi SiU 4J1 vli*> j U ilj* Jp li* jy JJiJ t)t b*-j Jj 

1 J-iOlj J^llj «J*J3t J \ J ~Ji\ Ji ^tJI dt dlli ... Uy: £>" a* 

■ 

tf 1 Ci^Ju U IjiJbJ *Ij^I *Nj» I jj ji ^j t jjiwJI *!>■>. ij-Ui-j 
iJl^ OlSj 4 SU j»JL. ji- ^J d[j lej~t aUI IJIa i£j~L»\j . JUI 
t jldl jJ jll J* ^Jll ^ii itj v >l J ^.JJjII a»-t iiV ut t;ut 

j*jll I,- Jp-j OaLI i>- •—** ,J ^3 ■•• v'j^ 1 ^ >** ^J^* 

crx> t».»i T»tA 



-Y*- 



&0&~>i 



itjU J jTj3l Ijia 'jjt ^ olTj . OUjJI *l*l g* J oUJJI o« tS^I 
. kail dlt Jlj»-t J f I; v !*£l iljb-i, JU-I *■%**} JbljU cJJli <tf 
,Jp JiiUi ot iJU-l j>-IjJ-I ^u IpjP J^ii ikjl^.1 c.plk-.l oil 
^*vaJI (YVY ) ,j*jsi J^- f > j t *-">**• iA**- JUa; ^J ' IWSfcA 

^ i^ui j*b J i>.T .ijrffi ^ ^ . ^t sjiij i^bjl au, 
\+*~js } ^n, !«*% ^jj ^ ^^i jlwi ^ airmail ^^ 

VL Jl Olai v •»• * • IfU-U. £LJ JJI S-pIjjII Lij^J ^Ij? cJT 
ts* 1 ^ 1 gjj'" *Mj OjuJI *Wii .-JUtf oJbitj i jl-uji £^-1 

j ia^ If c s^l Jj,] iae 4^ jj ^t <5l 4JWJ i^ JJ j ( * ) 



_r»- 



il^L. y f li a* JU-I oJiA ^pui iJjl* ot 4;&LI JJUii ^ OlT, 
ijall J. j? U*jl Ji ^U'jJj Agis IVgljJl (j-^j-t ot dJIi . itjUl 
Oj& ot X«ai jlT £jj2J 01 jj-^i jitj . YfcY fl* J rjijU 

^■jjJI <ui *UiJI ilw otj i Oji-dl *-*■ ^Jj otj i juosj- ^» ^ 

^. oiop l. jr^jUi ait i^jU ^ Jwr iii jp jijj ot yj t ojjjji 

ijbk 4*JU» l^pLya ^p cJ jJ ji» l^ld^" iUISj i 4U>-j 4*1 4sw .".l.?pij 
JL»-_ / -J.l «JLa J oL*«*iJI JjT *UUI cJlSj . «_-*ill *tjt Jp p jjd 
^-jjjj^rit-jj ^••AJjJ £»J Chilones tr i»'_jlS'CJl5'ji4i t 4^111 
^yjj^'^^-h u"\-Xj} g U-J • u^^LH c*M cieombrotus 
ot Uj c l^jj £ JJI J iijliU >0 l*>-jj ^^dj^M illll 
£• Js ot ^^ OjjT t ,jjj*J£ ^j &LM ^U'jJ il«s«>l 

3jjf j.. tri >.f 4jL.j^f OITL. 4i^l *1^ ^i, ot ^.U'jJ a\Jj 
^ ^ulC^lj . Cleomenes ^Cu i C ^l £j>J otjp l^jtt <■ i^lt 
^.L^jJI J^l Ot Uj < J~2!l dlill *l jTl^ j^-'j ' *fjj V* 1 f U 
"«aj ot flku-lj . (j-^ ol>-!)U»l JLio ot jj» i lU-ldl a -^*ir 
■4WL.JJ v_-«i!l Jut *»-«£i ot_j c «-»ji-l. J *JUu v^ til u^' 
Jilji 1 £j_£j ot 3*^ a^>^II ijji^l i/JT ,Hli 4} ^ \JL* c-«£w 
^ Jij ; *UM Ioa l» jioJI ^ ji* huj Jaij c JJ l,Jp 

^i j, t u,. oc^. |ij-. ji ^ 4jp oiru ji jjjjj r uu 3lptj 



-n- 

^j*J < o"-»*ib ' Philius ^j-Uj i JJjj i ^yr} J* 
aI o»L.aJ 4 — jioll 5i3 jjS* Lg p-j t Troezen ,y.j>.Jj <■ Hermione 
: 01SC JT J sua «krt ^jjip oy&l j . ^1 >T J ^^| ^ 

^Lu.^ (Jj^XiJI ^li Megalopolis ^-JjjjJL? Jj t*l^l ►Ui J L.V 
£*<£ 5 j^iJI ^Ja; jf JJ *lyiU 4,-^Jil j, I jjx 01 *Up$II ^pJb Cercidas 

V 3 l u** t, J f >J Achaea v^ u-i^ »> <tf Lij . (n) >^' 
<J ->ljl iU&Jjil|r*.T J* Uy: v^ LUII oUJJI Vj li J ^pJI 

f j*j i Antigonus Doson j-jj ^-j.??^ o* 1 ^' ^j 4jjJ*£ 
. OjCXJ J J'J-ty f lkll iUfj t (YY^) Sellsia U5l- J .j-^-ir 

Ji^l ^a i Sjyll Jl ijJuC)/! J»t ^ jl ^jj^ oja JjU IT 

. < rv >>uw ^ u j^ ^ o^JjUi urj 

c L j£l I > jt VI V 1 ^ 1 V»-J' 2 -ldJ cj ^jW J ciJ^ tfJJI uv^jlS 
Id* ^U olT, . ( Y • V ) >j»\> LTU- Nabis ^^.t *Jl£. ^liT, 4 ts^T 
Uj 4 (jJjLAl J^j SjjJ Jail; A*jJ J&li APj^ill <oliS' ( le I jw» jlki ij 



I 



Up *Uiali ^ sj>-u i^f A^^i jjjJi v" 1 ^jj ■ (rA:) 0jiJJi jky 

AajMa <UjU jj^ajU J^lj t 4-1L u *.j^*!5\i ^j . Aajj ,y OjJl C-llai 

^■1^ jUaj of ^-wU UUiur ^j i'OA JjJ Jp OUjJI c^'ji **£* 
. <TO< \4Y ') V^.V 1 W *»** u^.j** S 11 ^ crii 1 ' J^ 1 » ts ^ i 

t StjL-l Jp ijj>-\ ly i>»jJ* «_J»»-j CJjII tiJJi J* 0^*- £J l ***{.* 

ab ju« u ^, ^ i^j » 3x"u cit M 1 «Jl v" * W V p is* 



-rr- 



u#b& 



*l>~ oJ>.tj i jUii ii-jji j^i; ^ jiySfi ^ j^j Sji^i iia&'t 

.jfljJ-l dfo Ji l^a^-l Ol£jl olS> C#j c JL.j« oUUiVI- 

£jjTcJU*l>1j Ifjj *j\*- <.'-£ ijf- TjiJ C-***iTj { V*j"i J^* ^J'TJ' 

*L.wij ijaij ijUdi i^uii ii<^ c-^i tr 4 .jl^ji j^t i^ iU, 



- rt - 

Ujm S<ji \j£ 5jl^ 11 t)lSj t i-J-l i«*JI aJU ^ 'T jjS" Sji jJ-l 
Otj t sljUl fO» Jp jf^ll ^U ijUdl jUY ^J- ij»JI J-JI 

Tf.>>y **-LJI ipui- C^^-j t ( V • o ) u^i/j^i u» j>.j""d ^y 

&U IjJp SiUJI Jji- l^jlc j cJISj t 1 4jj»f 3-^ > It* ^^ 

i Camirus jj-jj^j t ^-JsJ ,yU* <£* cJtf J • h>J**~}j** <* 
j>*-2LI«_a»«i»j4 ^ Jopj 8jlf« «*-*? 4/-JJJJ ' lalysuS ^^Ijj 

jwi Ujioi. v.> u^>. v^" ^.'y ^j^ 1 . ^'^ • 00 ^ ^ 



JUjJI 1UI g* «_jk s ( YVo ) \,^u a ojj JljJjJI •_<>■ it ULj 

J-jli . ij-LJlj ijUdl ^jS\ Jl aJU^ i$Jj~- ifl j£ !k,j 
J jlptj t ( .Ji^ JLj f -•,• • • ) L*» i"jj 5U 5tU Jlill Ojjia 
J-j'j' Jjj-ji^JI ^^ ^-ijj JaT Jic JJfl j>. «JIU C^ fcull 

iJlc JiUi Uj t ,j*U*j!I j- i'jj «JWT a^s, Chryseis Lr x r i^' 

iOW^Jjj Jji Jb-Jp ^1 1^ ,j^ 5Jai IjTjJii £ «_-& U l,U 



( frju ) . kj-«» *j os-r-j yi* 4 j* ojj y'jjJi yjjJi cJir ( • ) 






£j\JcJ.\ Ji he.[ j£ ^jbjt iJL^I ."oUjJI ^jl ^ U&\ li| 

0> bSjiljt ey*^^ SOjO>- «U- Ij-i Oaf <jl LLaaI ^j V^ti V*J^ 

' Vj* J*^ *^ objjJi jij*-^ 1 j *jii.o*o>Ji> j?l J «-tff> 

■ • 

*\j>uu,y jb* (>«lill ) Nicator tjy&j> » «— lU.t jj-ijl- OlSj 
^jV »k«J-l Stratonlce^s-i^'jv-l &W&rjj 4-*-» ^ f j^' '"** <J* 

tijii\ 3?% *p* jp Jji-J *Aj^ ♦-is , -j» i/"*^*" s- ^ ' i>* Ji^. *^*t* 

t JiiJbLl ^Ij ajjJJI 4ij>l>«SH »jb) Lu foU-l »i* JW SJjM 
^jL. ^j . ^Nl JJ& Jl V T ^r , > J ^ciJ 1 * 11 * *"-)* ^ J 



rv- 



^\j ijj j&\ u;ir<<ii ocu-^Ip irikiTj WjL. J lutj c au$i 

kij* UjLI jbilj . U^ll OUjJI i^ J laUij* iJU it „ tjlSC*- 
tiUiVl Jw'Jl t aw \<i »Ufa -ui OJLi Jl icjiSJI Jjl fco. ^j* yj^i 

J& jlj . mIjj l #J ^^UllffJjtlj SjijJ-l ^ij ju &Ldl SjUJl 

6Bj . <*>aji>. tut ^ >^j JjT^kJ u>k* ^ IkaV IjJlT 

1^ Uu «p W [&j t LJ| Uuil ^1 J^ ^ Jyi Tju, 
5jd>' Ji^J V*" u^' j-JI Jjlf V 1J M a* J < V^ ^1 

« fjy* Oj^-Ui ujjjjUi s>i/$ii au tali oJi* jj . bjj-j 

4u.ljll £jlj£llj i >jty jfljb-j c u „jLdlj < Ju>bjl i-»urtll 
CiJ» Jl Daphne Jb <*>. l^j iUU ^jUIj t JWIJI >ULI cli 

. JjioJ-ij oiji>iij c Jr ji., juii ji^iT ^ ^ u ijfi o^iu:i 

f b U.U L£>. itAJI ^ Ot JU. t YA \ f U J Jjty ^J jLi J-saIj 

» ■ ' ' ... i 
J gjjll IJ* ^ Leroy Waterman liUjJj ^jj ib.^f| ^^,.1 jUj ( » ) 



-rA- 

' Jt-J^ ,j> >J»;>H £jWlj t iy^Jlj v'j**- 1 oli^btVl l|»jc 
Soteryj-* Jj^l jj-j^-j^'i J— U--1 j . <- r | j^» JS" (j* Sjjl jJl oljtej 
it**,. ( 4WI ) ^jJ JU1I ^j^-jJut jAeyk oJWl v^js- J ( JLUlI ) 

Laodice ^.^j* *s>-jj *^^j * JjJ*- J* 9 ^" *^ a ' 1 ' i&U oUj&U 
Cr >. 1 U&H Ji* %rj jS*l\ dJlill ^jLjjA OlSj . j-^1 >T J 

tf jSJI jijJL. tfJb J* Ip'jjS CiJi Jll Mjji^fl 5T>l-l ^lij JLTUarf J 

bU JpJaUJI LU JiiU-j . JWI ijSI >ljt J Meleager of Qaza 

Ait ^ Jjs "Ot i_^ Jj 1 Ifttil fl> .t juu Vt IjJUi t ^Jlj5JI LJJlii ^^ 
JUIIj t a.^1 ^IkLI aJp C-ii a&j . 1 co J«»- a* 1 >» ^ J*» 
fl* jRaphiaLilj Xp «l^l ^jaJIsj «ujaj . <J»->ll jiJlj t i£jfll 
aJla «ij ^ ij*i>-j . (j^fcJ^J 1 lijj*"j ' 4£*±V **• C^U^j ( YW 
Jll 4JUJ-I ^j t ( Y'A ) Xk\j Ij&i cil Sjilall *dLj- I^-UpIj *c>l 
Lij?- J*»jli kjj jJp aJpUj Ou J Lift slj^'j . jx£*^M Jl/'l OiJbj- 

J«ai ^tfij V-^"' LS" 1 -* ' /^ Jl* 1 '-^ ^-Jj* f l ^j^ ^j* ^jfa. 



jUWI/ *JjJJI 0/i l3^ t JUI NL. ^Ijll jjJjU ol 0>Sj 
l&£- «*■'* j*ijL> Oj/: *** |J^ . liJUIl '^j* jJJ' i_jbj d.^- t- &JI J 

u j* 01^4 ciiii « *Ua>.l J* jtrlj ^Vb 5^1 oJU ji yt jjjnt -ji jii 

If £jljAll Jj^y-I ^jij J* jjAJU J,jt ^1 UaXl t v *iJI 

«j &4 u)t jUj^ii o*ia uy iUj oisj . ^i/Jij fUUi iiu; 
t-i^-^j « 4»jst3j Jk>ui jUj jiai oir. oiiaL. j* mj j*i ais-u 

Otj t i|Hl ^ aJjJ» (Jjjtfj 4^*411 alyt JaJlwi ot 9/Mi 61T, 

J'^bj ^Ljij jijia-i jlpT ^joJ ^jwii ^rut J jj^s, 

> J juULI Ijjuiij JJOI Ijs^J ;>JUl J^ ibw JUL j J( f OlTj 



_*._ 



jJUJI »ju> *^ll \s 6jSv j- J jAj Ule jis- iujl i.jj J tS? ii Jl» 

j* L. j£. **U jUT jj OlT, . ijjfU-l i>l ^TjU- ttlkll <£M 
»_^£ll tli-lj . 4&U w»U SjTlktf J ^aJUM tjUlf J>ot 0^ <jl»jj 

TjU *"t 4Jl>^ j>« OIT, . aI \j#> IJIa aUUkII Op Jj&il ^aUL. c-*£JI 

. (Antiochus Iheos Epiphanes jr^WVI^j^j^WUj'C-j^ JjM 

tfj 9 ^ ^* CJlTj t i.j^ Aij^t it MjJ iljt U 4] J!j alTj . j*** «si 

V U»j . I***-" Vdj*l t/*->' i>* t r* > "*H '^' ' j-**" (J* *&&*& Jl f^ 
<Jj*"J u - ^^ cf^i ' «j*' J j&J C-ijJl jjiio *J ^b ii ^j^-jm* 
^' J;» i5'y. ^"i C)t o^»Tj ,j*j>-jSfi Jj>- SjJb J-jll J -*j *ajj 
J>J jpl^jj' J^;* VrJ ' ./l* «-»*<» l* .>*_> JLi-ti . Lfla^ j\if 
V-A'ii* J Js* J* 6 d *^ iTail i_JW c <Jiy*i!l ^ *d^ J ji;T L. 
j^ JJU5JI »Aa J| tijjn, J j*j ^jli J ii»ltj 1 SJjJtJl JSL2II Jp 



-n- 



l^U »i* jfi\ ^lj J Cot JjiJj . ^ J*j kjj «J1 Ltolpt ji JJII j 

m 

lb; tilijJl iwJj% J oU-l iLiw Ot Lift A^j'vi CJISj i Ji ^ Urt» 

o>n j^j i^i ^Jb-j ^|>!ij fUuvi oirujj . UfAn- i^ii 

, SpLJI j S jt*dlj 5pIjjJI ^jl; j JiP / Jlji OjJjUI 5>l/9l Uf 
uJUt J ujUji oljjdl jli JUA1 J Jj>- oUjjJI iJTo^ jut jlj 
juj Ui Ji'sWVI ^t > . J»l& ot Jp il /I If/ J J* »• ^1 
Aj:a» Oju aiJbr ,y o/ojl jT U* wJ cJIS*j c ^Jjdl oJa J 

H 

Jl^ljOlUJI ^JaJidj » iydl J.»jJ J^jw SJUIT^U Jjl cJb ot jui 



-iY- 

i£u isij vuir, . u^t, ^-j. iijjji ^ d^ oi^jai * 3^ 

•jy u- (>-#' "ij* 1 " 1- J^-W ^J-l CJ\fj . C^y jl cJjji U 

£*Ui Jl l^Uj Jiill jIjII jjjX-J -LTlkif cJITj t ^1 apUJ Ul* 
<l J4I il^-VI 3j . COuJI ji^ aL.^ j^3l gbsyi , \. 

Jl i^Ull J# ci jll .illi J JL2JL J^U=II J^_, . aLi jVl J Oi^^ 1 

otfvi j«-j ^ cjjUii cjir, . ijjjji SjUJi j,«uJ j& ijb- 

^j^ <-^*' **{./ i>* V*^^ ^J 1 ^ 7 Sj^uA-" vUlSj . *Wlj ^yl 1 

^ ^JJ Jll t5>3' i5>il; ijijUl Jp jJl Jj . jUJl a ^y J 
JiljSI i5>cJIO . Ul>t J Ijaljj t i;. Ij>Tj . u0 li ^ o^l 

' J-i-^ Jl IjU f-_^5 f ^»jl- J Jxt tJji^JI 4-JT (_>I^L»I ^i SJtull 



-tr- 

tApameaL'b'j c Cyzicus^j^jj**.* i SJaJ>jj i tyy.) «■ j**j'j 
' Banticapaeum ^j*^dij i *-jj^j lAmisus u >~^j i *^*j*J 
t (iCjjL.) I^JjLJj ^"j^'j ' Lysimacheia LS"\e*Jj c Albia^ij 
Epidamnus^ j^m^ <■ AmbraciaL*»l> • j * *£jj?) <■ " j'j-* j ' .j-i^-J 
cUJU«jc iujj^ ( J,U )Neapolis -J^jJ j t ^Ijjj ; ( *JlJ-l jjlj* ) 
4 **>jij*ij i (y)\> ) Banormus »yjS>.) <> Emporium ^y, >j*«1j 
iC-tiUlSj . ijO^iVljCyrene Jij.>*.> < **r^>Jj <• Utlca ^jij 
J irltjSj t a.jjj iflUji a*P J yut iuy Sjl*J J> j* 3UAU 
SJja&j t j^** JT^U Ujjt cJWI 0j>* a^p J i-ji^j jl^l^ *lt 

a^-J^pA-j c iiJlxiLl i^^aJl AfP J OUjJl i% t ) i {fJytJJ^ J^f- j 

Mauryabjj* jTa^p J xAlj t uJjLJ a+p JJ^flJs&llj i ttUdl 
J j3£ uwdl »y, a* V^ 1 ii>" «UI0 . i)U ! J jup J jwJlj 

Vj^ til «yj^J OluJUit jlai CJI& aUI & <" ; v VI J>JI l..t . ^ _p 
Jl tfoai V 1 Jf J ' ^j ^Ujjt J| ,1 jUlj ^ ,,J| j% ^ jt 
^■> ' ( •V tui u-y-JI ) tf ja- J Ji >Vl j»Jl jb: / ( Oop ) libt 

^1 >.Tty. UjLUvit Jl i i ;> JI VJ >I a J JUkll* OjJjUI 

• '•'•jj iil U^*-,^ ****** 

mJ Ol^i J^JtH jl>JI J* dlU J,^ ^ aij . i«^ i^ gjL. A4 



. LUUI ^•itALIj f ^l la* jUj* .^ 4J j^ jlj « Jr->lj j>-JIj 
Jj SJjJuU J JU-I o"lS"ir,y&— 4-1 *l^j V* «-J»'j^^l u^i h 
p-w j^jC^jT o^j^i <>&>• 'j^^Ji ' t^j" jj^ 8 *" J k.jj' 
,>ijLJIji> u* <j">" J *J a* J^" 1 c^ 1 j» v/ 111 f UiJ1 |jl *' ■ 4^ 

+>ISj . J\kJa«Ja^P J 4«ki>j j t ^ji lJllb Jl^p J i«jj Jl .juilsiUl j 

3JU jJI Cull SjIoV jl^»- j> iiyJe&MM m L. jr IjIJIj IJLLj t 61; jJI jl£jl 
«j>Ij .OJU **J J_j al a «»ji-< liilS 5 SJbJb- lSj* 1 "' u'JU »Uj'1j iroiJI 

f*jt?r *>**j I* jjA «>k- «jUl>- la»-j c Stratonice t j-^yj^ fk 
J do*. LTUaOp «J*pl*ajj Dull oJU Cjc'j . t*j$>- ,y J»' Cv'lf^l 

.jtfi «*«tll OjJjII J l&yt 
.tJ Aw^j» (Ja^ 4jUjJI AJu^alU fJ^aj 4*«*T tij^ , ^ - ' f»+*i.^' U^-i 

« icoill 4j j^m all l^Ul_^ J] V^Ji" SjUiJ-l «j_jpj *k-k?" t >« V'ji ***r 
t . jWjIIj o;i-lj < Ju^Cllj ^ij-joJilj i jjj^l ^jiJ^■W' , a'^J 1 ^ ^* 



- u- 

JLHI iLili ^j * 0,) i j-»^ll j>sll Jl cUIJjJI ^Ufliljll o^j. 
yii^JI vibjl V w ^ ,/> ^A < «-*> ii u Ji J 1 ^ ur*W 

mL^LSj j^ iJi^mV Ut jvp . tsall- *Jj!l *jj\ JjjJI IJU Jt.« J J ^ 
JL.T .jIaT^ oU>ltl ^ kUj U at iUi t ^Jl j>Jl Nl • jlfl'j 
tjLi? bji& Ml <ui jwi 1 lijj k JJL^ ju*- ^>Lpj i IflLJij <. XJjJUl 

Ojy^ilU j£, |l 4it f jf at gkwV tip JjUII ajuII IJU VI of ^ lil 
c foJlti* OI^JT u^li 4 Syoj* ttUi CJtTtiUill oJLa ot jJ-lj . >>> 
«Lt j . Ifl/uwi UUj aji ^p 6>ill j Uso>- Ji" V c &».***:* t AjJLf^ aaj _> 
Soidl IfTjb-j Jj UjUXJl iw j l^PjUi! UUi l^ii a>-^" ji <<t UJvo 

. JjiUI £.11-1 ^wJLI cJJ'Qlj 



U^liT Uju, d\f J}\ il VI JUT., t OUjII fO» ^- Aijltll 1,jUj 

j^ji y»i >a j» sjuJi iSJt ^sii ^jui ji-^ji aiii-,1 air, t u*iji>-ij 

£tf^l oJU J icLSlI 3&UI jTIJiI £JlTj 6 Tsjj J^^l ^^1 
••i* d ^"'(^ • iy JI >. JI J V^i > M jr *l*o jr <Je *ijl-"dli-T 
J. t ja^L-VI 4, U OlTtfJWglj;.^ ^UUiilj ^W^ 1 £li^fJ 

t J^JtJI JiJI J 4JUjJI V*^ 1 OLLJI J^-OJ ij 4 AJjjJI CliUdlj 
Ojtill ^jp ijP j>-} ' JjJsjJU (wjxj Js>lli J* OUjJI <U jtul l* vLiJsi ij 
40ji!l 4*>llj il»lill ^ jf^'j « JD^I J SJbJLi 4*jj t '*£••*" 

UjJA\ ^U-yij jiill vJUl iit jt ^ l/Vl ^ Jp iJs- e 10* 

ii^jL iiii>.u « /yii <_j&i jui j* Ur*>s- ^ijjUi jO»i 

JL&ll caJTj i 4-*JJl ^jl^j i>U jJI £&• * iil*3l *L*-S3lj t -*aJl 

, C-^> at j-^fl ^pij c fcUjJI iU»l>Jlll ^ cfijit l^T uytJI UlUl 

iTuT JUjJI S^Wlnllj JUjJI iljU.1 «^«»li c *«4i" i-jyJI Jp lrj>H* 

jj-j CJIT JJI ^aill iljai J>- i jlii cJ^xllj t jytfl ^ J IjJiT 

. 4jLkJ*«5llj i^jj jj ^W ^ AiijJ-\ Ljjl Ji JyiSl i^ 

44. J ill J 4j jci-lj iajj^jJI 4^^' 0>'j Jijt JP tij^JI lI-JJ 
jj*JU" *S"jiS<ii\ fj^ill Jl J*JI Oli» J^» ol^Jj 4i^dJ (^^-. IS" c 4JU jJl 



- iV- 



if & VI, ^ j.1ll glj J <. ^ JUjJl j£lj c ^ ^iT^y^ 

■ I 
JLL.1^; Lot ^i* Jj\ Ob ; 4^!>d o^ UlCJlTlTi^iVI ^-xCjt 

<J*J" *5j~^ *J'J' ; W-^ 11 li^ 1 J* 'j^j* 1 ^'j^ 1 ^' Jj^JI iSjU-aij 

Ui?Al f Jii UjJ o"lT iLJUJl ov i ^.jui u*ji cjit i ^aJl iU ^11 Jp 
li* J 4JILL ^.jJI jUl-Ij . jij^U i5j»- <3l& ^jJI L.I c aU^I 
^>ll^ Uj*d\ ieyi\j i j&\j jlrNI o« «^>^LI J^jbll cbldl 
j* OUVI 4Jp ^jki L. iijjt jjjOI jV dUJj s JWlj j»allj * ku-Ul 

djw o' (IWI lO* ^ ( «-JjjJ-l *-» LS-iJi £ JJo-ll iUil i flJbCl ejlip 

.' UjZl\ IwJli ijjj'Vl £jj\ y-k^l yftj V? c J>JI tf> 



(lifirrt SjLii-l l*» - o ) 



-tA- 



ZJUtW 




i' JUu* iilk. dill; L&ij t ^JiJj \S~jjSj i 4JU*J j!Aj YA« *Ip 

{ Y*»*Ip Jlj»- &JJJX £p- tf ULUs-j Ij&j uXa*lj . ijuj*-1ll 

-ijOj V'jil <y»u*J - Parni cijUt ^jjv—J dtfcl YiV ^ ds 
**jj £jta <tf bt jji Jll LJjlj i£Lr Uflj c JjLJI ->Il ^ i*U- 
**- Jp Philataerus .f-jjtf^ ^jl*\ YAY flpjj 4 Ojji Sop I^-'ILL 
IT c IfJ* *^tfl a* Lysemachus^j^^J Otfj t Jilt ^ SJ jj«JVT 
. SJjUl aIjjJI ^p vd}lSu,l ^tj jL,T J jjwjsLI * j*jj Jj Jp <ij2*»l 
u"J?J*J Pitane Jbu *&• Ji J^l Eumenes Jj^l >^' *^ &\ **j 
ii\Sj . ( Y1Y ) 5aL» *^li SiA^t ajMoa aSCLc />y:jj J*fjAtarneus . 
j^JUll \^ j^ *i<l iJUjJl v-TJp-juT J*i»Attalus Jj^ll ^jlbfr 
'. ( Yr« ) «&JU jlj-T «il IjUj Jp- ^U*^ll flJl* l^>-l jJUl 
OUjJI aA*j jUTx^lj t *jLU v.T £>. -tfbt j^l Jldl >x.t J^lj^- 
l^jwj: » j* 01 Jhjj 4 titll ^j^jJu'T j* 4**>«d i.jjj il>UiJ Ou 

Jp AJbt SjJA. J cjtji OlTj I Jlill ^jtt «>-t jjijJl Jp 4il^jr 



iiijjjillj JUU TjJy Ifri^^J ijJUSOVI (j-ibOi^U t i'L*" 3 J& a* 
i-O VI **»*& J *i» '^^ M^" «^***i' Ji Ck£ J_jkJ J ^^ *liJl 

41 

jJlP J l^iji i^l^l l f x5^ ^£ ^ , «\^i,jJLJl l,-" jb] J„jii JjJ.vJ 
l(Jp Wjl, SJjill ^jll j, luJi* Apj** Jp ^j^ U;jm» c -ij»M 

ot .HIS . *UI j J^-^VI J Ta^T^L'Sl «JiA J ^JjL- C-w Olfj 

iJ^ai oiiaL. j** oiriijUi *ij>i^i .ui j ukJii ciAigii f u 

t v 



— • • 



to^U J <.jj c-i*». il t SJjLJI iuj&JJ ili^lj 3j3l x» Jjty 
v jT J*t j* j,\k» jutd *U$I SilTj, ^ o.Ur- xJ-l « » iy Xix*. 
J* f.K*W J v-^^-f^Ji C-JWIj . a*J» ,». iltUl -cJlki J 
^jUj^ jss-j t JlW^II iujli. dlo*? ^j-r «i^' '•** r j^i t ^jijL** 

t* pj i J"* 1 ^ >»■ th"J t5^i (il uuijUl &L. cJTj t JlsSJI OUt* 
- **Jjj ^U^* ^xt J ijjt JIT t Alexander Balas^bjX-^jT 



_0\_ 

J j ( c~* fcj\s yp J j all £-U£ll L»I» . h juA\j MjUAl 5LLI i^-JUT ,ju 
-iUxpI J j4* <jlill £-U£ll L»Tj c 5j^->* OIjLp- J <* fyiJ c)t U-j 
j&rill JpoT> Jl SjJlUloUliWNI jJ Mathew Arnold aUjTjJU 
( SjAJI v >>- WljlloJ*J»i5t) ij^l a^j cJttj . iysJI y»lillj 

ft M 

^p (j^LyoiV* fll*aiU *rf~»Ju\ \jJe?j *^- j/ amuJI IJu Jai IjLA 1 ,j\JjLJl 

^jti ii" V-»*"l <■* a - .**^ J^i ' f^JrJ o*>*'k «jU.I 5;1>JI 
JtUbJI uWJ I^Ul cJUij ajjJI a*. J* JjxJj t £l>ll U» uw 

V- *.>r IW* J cS->V ^1** * ( MA-- HA ) fU »L j- ^*t 

^* t jmi &li j, ij^r ikj i^ **j nLUaJi iiji j»j . j*a!i 

• * » ■ m I 



-oT~ 



j^i\ ^ ^Ul ^^1 ^oll U- UI Dibre Soferim t <r ji^jjl » ^l 

^ Aj • y^ (*4 V&-^ V ,J ^' J V^-^i »>M «». *l^l 
( S3 jo^ 5LU v UJ^Ij U-3l JJf )H V U.I cJISj . W lil^l UJLtoJp 

fcodl j>^JI Jl> I jll>> „ ^'bl ^ o^^j Ty$- Ojjjj ajf ji 

o^Li j^jii v 1 lM *i>isC — ii ^ air, . ,>,^. ^ ^j f iT 

J^l 0>H ?>) i y-Ul ^*JI dAli J Joscphus u-y-ji *^p 4-jT 
JuJwll Si jUI ^j-Jjl Ut . i or >b jlf UU.: Jji -i a-sLLl j» 
■^i J k^rj-* <i^ Otf"j . OUjJIj i^/llj lJjJJIJI ^ j^aJl dUi ii 

. AJLijJl .Jlpl ji i iwcill Jlp^U _jl i Jb-I^l ilij^oU A^La* *a»«5«J 
i IJU-f Jit OlSj * jJJI *U>-T J Jaiil v^JJI iiywj c OU^Jlj 

« 

J^ *i f jJ» > « jSf J» >"V Jl tJdJ tJU ilMh VW iJ^I u-^t- 



-«r- 



•jUJ-i j ujrojli ak^juu-i a* j otjji si>ji j^.^ 

«U 3j^JI i5L V ^Jo • %1>Hj j^l vV- T 0* *» jj*^ll W 
« 65U-* Jt s>j c ^-jJ^jJj c Sj-LJI : U'jJIiiilj olyUI ,y 
« Appollonia Lljljjtj t ( Ifi, ) j ppa Uj (Vr*') Azotus tJ ~» j jtj 
•( ^ )J S ''J (U^-)Polis trJjjjtSycaminatX-j ' Dorisa^.jji^ 

'Pella ^Jj' Ul^lijtDium f jj*j tGerasa U^vj t Qadara '.>'***■ J 
Canethali*^jiScythopolis c ri'jJ j-^-b' Hippoj^jcRaphia^jJ 

^Ji u*»JJJ' iTJ^J c *f^J « 4jjJuC)|I ^j OOII eJL» ^ 

t jillj c ^LXillj / JUil J j»JI tfJ ap t iJUAl ^jjujl OjL* ijf j 
i^SOl j» 0j>~. £^£31 ajjJI oLill U jlo3 » SUJI JLvill ijs 3l 



-at- 

i^'j 5 ^ u* (*- J - 1 *.y- fjJ' J *uji &*/& cr^" **" ' *-*" «j* 

. tuiHi i -.1 ijJ* ijSlLt ijt&i SjUl j* su* ijiJtj 4 ,yi>^i 

ft-*' *i Ij^- Jaw *J^u ( * . i5 .V* • f U"Jlj>- ) 4*^-1 »JLk dJlJb^ 
U5UL.I UjOpj i^U.1^- lj*j»J t C— j3l AjJb- JUit ^1 i.j^l i-j^I 

3*jd jJL^-Vl Jij^- ^ cJfcll jjJJI u^«JI UjJI ^o»ljll *i^m\ 
JiJisJIjjuAl 4pU-c-»ji J ^jUi OlS"*-ii ^iUJI tfi^jfJI ^-j .-juM 

OT JjU- >UJ oxy-jSA oT VjJ J»-j!l JJ-I IJi* of oi gku-j ills 
dJbll^ ^.j-XjT ^ j* ,>. \ \ A (Ip J» jA 4-jt ijjJl a!^ cJJi j 

jo^ i^tvi aj,ji **• J jj ^ijii ^>-ji;t a^U j^ij t p*.i£- j* 
jjti t J i^i ^» y^Ji ijk» 6ijp c-»jjJ- J^-i -is* j tJ^j * ■''ji^ 



ami «n» ouu. fir^jsui oi* Sjij ajUjji aJT^ J v^r 11 Vt* 

£"?.* l o-jk t^ij* cj-jiJj »jr *-i*J • ^jf* 8 j*j! *■*'.* 

julyll JMflJl oUy-l ^ Cijij t JW J* J>*»JI JbUl 4jT 

dj^lj t UJI VlijB *->»* ^jj* Jc^=»ij . *du *a V» Jl 

<y £j . <-*bJI i->U$l J SI y> >j j^-it fcf&lj ajjJl o*L& 

I>U ^L>.T J oWjf IjL* 0t fcl<]l ^ ^ o*". a-** 

■ VUt j* i*s& ai J v^J> i>i «r 

il& IfljA jTc-^-tjOljjkll aJbb l y '(£3jfJl «-jwJJI S^lLpIjjIj 

( \*\0 ) (j-jJjjJ i> i>t 11 j < (>HI *ljT J^ OjUU 4 4*U & jlrf. 

jit a!j s Lujm 1 jJi ^«»Tj Jij j> j* Jj « oU ai j& |1 ^jt-j** 

Jl JkiS; IjJUj OjjCt IjilfpA ^ J 41C J* J L- IjSlT'ijjJI it 

' fA-j ^W-j ^i j- wt e >j ^Lijjf ji iw c wao 

Jl lf«-^J Oj^ ^J i£»JM 4Aii jiU*J 4 *-^J J^JW ^Jij 



JoJuj Oij c ^ajJI^uU jy JUjj ^j* ^li jTj- 1 * J*jjjf Lj*. 
■c-^js-j t .Ijp^IL l^U ^JUi ^j*- C)bW J~-j c ia*- 51 *l*^L 

^lijjf J jbJl cJ*i» j .t^Jbfj Jt ^tS3l UU i5j* fit j-tj c Jdi J 
<**■-* < J^J' i5Lh li ajfJi'lf'^'ftSJ ' l»ji>-f c'aJlaj 't'li^Jj 

^ j^.j • CW) AttU ^t .aaLI iUsJ -aJ-i ^^'u c^jj 
Ji uu iitj . lAi u; j«f ril ^ij^rj^ J, ^ j-y^Bt 

Jllkj^l IJL* JtfjJ V^f c aI^^Vj U Oil lil gl^l J* Vl>>» 3J»^ 
i^lSI «5^1«l IjSiLJl JLSjjt J SojjJl jAll*. ^J* !>■$ til J~ 

J ljTj^_ Otj c j*^'T Otitis' i^AJJl; IjUji 'i)T t/'.p'li <*?■ 'd *jt^ 
tijfi£l\ fx^j . ijbJyjS tej>3 4&*M JLAU^Il IjJLii O^j t «-i'l^l 
til ^>'^jj^>j 1 4*VU!f>" it Ijijjj c 4i Ij^T is. "jjtJI\>» 




*' 



«■ 


"* 


3* 


T* 


J" 


* 


\ 




"S 


#•" * 


3 




«• 


^ 

4 


3 




•^ 









;3- 




4 



4 
o 

■3- 



* 
O 



« Jyi.1 ^ faJtfitfjkfel. U <> IjAUj ^ V^ *&\ J iWl ^J** 11 
^ 0». rOj-slI » JU-Tj . iajjjl SU-I uJl-t LjU Jp IjsJj 

t ^jjJIb ykj^ti _ JUfctj .Uj JUj - ajjil $* ii\*T yj ^/ 

j^iju J o/i at «l*u !>.>. at duos' i j,t j i jO-i j>t ij^p vu 
jbli ^-oLi ^ J^T t c+Ji CJi ais"pJi a^ 1 j,i*uU ^ J*^s3r 

j* O^tj JUk'Vl j* ISjJ*. aJj o-* &• ti^ 1 'L^ 1 lP U^ ^ 
^^1 IJlA Ji, DjjJ SO* ^ I )jL f. ^ dUi i £031 ^0; ,>u^ 1 

CjJXj UjjJbf CJUtffej UjIpIj* CJjjj iw.J*J ^i* ^Jt^ 1 ^*"<*t 

Mattath'las ^UU. -Lijjt ,y JisSj l_,y ^_jj| AjfAju j* 01T*> 
ak*ji w£l e^Uitj _ Ojjl* Ja«- j^ Haamonl ^'j^ j* • /*' ^ 

J* 1 * >J J^t Uj . auUjjj c jjJij t u*i^j * aj*«-j i .j-.iis 
\jj**£ at i|kt yt c «ji ^jf> ijJiU. JJi Modin^.^ ji u -y-*at 

a»t ,^^1 ai Uj . « u^j"^ 1 bJbTo|*i c^^s^ "*^S\ tsa^f) l»t 

Uit ^jj»j aJLj j-L'tU *^3 i^fjUaLI aiij2)l i-i^iJ wJlil ^ i^l 



-oA- 

. ^ 0^1 » »y s ^' ^ J p ^ ^u a j <y.y^ 

it ^jjt jt JJ tf-sU ,y jlSj . t£j*d\ £* Jjl U Ji» Spl^-ill <y Jj' 
JU^lTjlSli IajI/ J>\± bl J>-cOjj^Ul *Uj^I J-^i UTj^jt tf>. 
t yj>y~$ a**** ^" JLJ-I ti <_ri*i ' v***^' ^i^ Ol$j . g <tf j _j*» <j 

A Ij^j-T Ij&ki jl VUtf ljo>-j IS] » j<. aJSJ\ g\Jw {J r j jjiijlll Ji«ij- 

-T-* u*J*-J$ til *^l •■JL^ ^li j . « tr *>4PU£j ofc^Vl 5J^ 

jt »* t (HI) hXy^j^ &r^ j^-i Emmaus ^^1 j* (j ty^j! 
. ^JLJ f'l >»JLJLIj i^jJJ j-s-t^jjll SjjJlI ijJ-l ,y IjJIToUjJI 
^y-jjut ju-j . v Lsllj£}Ul <y y£ll l*jj« (ybji «> CJlTbxi 
*U- jt j^S\i IfcJtfls *2j ,y *L SiUI SjiJl j* jtS*l i£j>-' Sj» *fl* 
jail J £*jj i ijj-ll ,y -fcj-t jlislj olS-j- l^b*J ur^UJlj 4*,. 

aJi^j fl^kj 5iJj ob jj plJU j- J5UI J OITL. ^t l^Ui \^i 
5-l^/yi y>lL« ia-ij IaJL^p JjU Jl 5*05Jl OljLaJl ilptj . .AjO?- jy 



o^- 



t iw»Ul 4> iJLJ jujl>- (jiwf ttULt cJU Lysias ^V 1 -^ f^" ^J 

OIjlLI IJu > J J*JI J 1^ Oj^j £>t u -L-il Aljj . ( \nv > SjLV 

* £iUI IjSlt U til *L*l$3l Vi^ 1 frt-P* > ^ ^ ^ i> u^j^' 
4*1" V sjfS\ »$, ot^bjj jl*tj cOjgjlSil *^jj tOjSdli dJJUj j^iy 

OjJ&j c J»*U*f 0>AfJa.*su *f-ijT Jk IjjOji ^^aJl SjJi Oj^.l&l- 
J j i Crv >ijJl>JJ SjjUl OjJlI Jj JLAjJ J OlijJI glill ^}i-\ &■ 
a&> Ob -uii i^yj Adasa l«L>Lu» Nicanorjj»& u ...bji ^j* \1\ f»U 
o* c£j»t tix*. cjjU >k j I^Ji %JI i*J|i j J5 *& j i kjj *-• UU- 
*£)j UiP fel^i, v >l OUUji .jrf.t J^ljj Elaaa U"ifl x* <a^. 

\ * Y fl* J JlSlI ifji^ fr Jb t)t kjj JBjirf glLi£*| Oij i Oj*«, 

Jr Jjt OOpj iHasmoneanvVj^ 1 <£M 5^1 ^f*y j* ^/^it 
SJjji.1 Jo j,JI a jail J^ JUi U* ^jj^ j ( jjjbUI ^_ jUi iu, *5^ 






Jp IjiU L P-UaJl ji>- t U^pO I Ikj-o IjX>- IJLa ^j^-lki OlT 
jJuC^I i\U «jj ,y *> J)lT bu j . ^Ijll j&cllj f /Jl ^L^H 
«/* Cij* (%.(-• JSJ i!)j^j 0« i)j*i£ j C vjjjJ-l J j»|-L?-tJUa» by&Ai 
OUIJ « jS'j* vPUJ J lflS*Mj^ jj-j-JJsj JJb c dW.1 liA Jp SiLJl 

liiij . «pU^j ^jW-j *^'jj vy >i-> ' ^y- 3 ' a* ^ ' iS&\ ^^j" 

_> >ll ^ 4*Jall \^Ji Lf i5 j>JI j>JI ^-. ^ ^tj yip ^ JaJ\ iMJiJ 

. dSoter jj^t^ li* J>-t i>«J' V'j-*** a** Jtslfc-'ifljp SiiUdil JJlU 
U")U- J f* Jlill J»JI j. UU jJ* 5JU? JUi VI !&• <Ju w_JJL lj 



fUii Jp l^tttj e iaUS'illj UU ^.IjJl ^ SJjJbLl «£Lf SU- 

ucdll A^'J ^UM > Y^ • f U JIjp- ^ t)tj t M, J-p . Jp U*ju 
i/*^ •>> -6* u^&lj V UI ^ Uj . ijO^I SjjA LfJp c-iB 

. v uji dim j,*, j Lipji o^tr mjisc j^ _, « £u ^j <jjj 

kj^-j . JUL ilill jJIj* I>U Jl 4lbj vj^^I JJI ^ij jlT, 

>i" J jit osjui ^jju« uf c ^ttj 1*41 ^^Jh oi 

u* V J* uP 1 ^Ul *• <*JJ.U J& ^*x«i ot ^>lj tijji iUi jujbLI 
a&U i^X>.j . Arsinoe^ rJ Jjiu<_>l -«>-l ^^11 jX rj$3 <• *^rjj 
ijxC)/! J| ^jjfcj oti *jU j» jj «utjJi>. UUj . &>% A^i ti\£> &». 
jljLII Jp i^JJI JUL c^Ip ^jj i ojup j^Ua-lj c CnWIj 

j>J\ ^ iw»ip ji>Ji *J^ .tit J i ja^-yi ojU J>. jUjji 



-1Y- 
uuU .toil JUS . «c*>~& J Tju*. *K\Sm r-cfiilvJiJto^ . ^^T 

t Uijll •Utl'OLSJ" Jo ,j~*Jjl tJ.tdjL* jiSjj VjJu ^ti 0j ^5 

"Wlj OJlJj JU I ollJ Ij 1 ; \j***Sa Jlij t <+» J* JjfJI JU»«i 

• . *■' 

,^l ) lixl* till li^ Lj-"^ «Jl7 Aj^w.1 j m&» W»b* L)t j» j** u^J*^'. 

^Jp jLili i \^a ***• \* OulvaJj t Jp-I joUij t dUlj i t)lj$^-l 

V^» i>* ^^ '**** » i jjV c* ^ '^ & 3Urtk f **" ^ -^ ** 
•«i-9*JI (J jt>t*Lc»- ^jviSi jj-JJI »LJLJI *'j»'V it-Hi (3j» f~& J; t <~>- ■■•*«* 

O-ttj c JILL tlJut> t 8j&!l «Ji r ijlS»j JjSlI .j-j^U* fdlj . ^JU!I 
( j*- Jil ) . Muteum Jul j>l ^«LI j* IJU ( * ) 



U, . H jUdl *l jrlj OUI jaJlj i_pJI Jp I j>ji it J, » V 5UJI 
•UIJi ojUpI r U c 5JBI jj*J1 J «J»~dl (J c/>0 ^^ c>U; 

Xj-^l) Euergetes ( _ r xvr J jt vUliJI j-^JUaj 61T, . Jl^fl JJ!>U. 

Ol;UJVl l^ JJL" OlLUIj SjjJl oLUd %Ji tut ^1 u( ai \h[ 

ii[ Jji" Ot. Uw»-_, . ii IJi V J»j>-1 tkijU 4JU^» Xfru l^iu /ijilj 
t)t 47ljU«i'V U jSOi ^ O jip ilill (j-A^-jjt Vjj Berenice (j-Wj* 

. (j-Wji j*i c?' Coma Berenices 

J •jo*. jO^ of Jp *La- V «lif ^ j,-!, jU ^1 J\ jj-j^JL OlTj 



-Ifc- 






-Ifl- 



. *Jj all if\ JSi\ J *~l^l l^jf j* aikJl^ J bou U ^t b[ 

c *n ^. jij . .*sJiu jr jp j ^i jp j.b> « ujj &. w. ^ 
la* jp aikJi j,tj . wjjjjji ji -dj*** j* ^i »>i ^jji of <J[ 

Ojitjii *v> air, . <nis^ t*£*. h>jy i^trvr^^o. ^J 

. J>JI Aiilj tjj\ olji jij t j-^IIj t X.UI JUI JL.«1j t^-UI 

JIT, . < A >dJ|il Ojli J) ^t Oj»-!>UII l«JL*j 1 dJUlt il>t J 
01 gM 0j>f aikll oir oji : oVU- ,>« ^Ibsll IJU j- JSL- 
l^"» <Jj>rJ!J ' j^'y- 1 J **»^l -i^UI 0j>f j 1 *iJb-j cu iflxc 
^ j . oLj* ^ a jj) l^oi U Jp I,. ^jSil^j ^ ^1 ^ 
jilj. Jll c*WJl Jp fcUJI j Sj^o^ vUlTs^kil ^Ij^fl .oa 
O^i ^ * ij% j" J^ T J T ' u«'UI J t r jj&! If^^k it Jp l^U 



-11- 



t>Uj!1 (j J**ll SJb-jj OjUdl J,* «-Jk; £J\S" j*a* J apIjjII JIj>-T 
a* £_->>. l « J ,JLi * ^j * *t*j® *^U «~r ^ «ki-J If JJfT Ol&lj 

c jrfjll J-^JI ^bVI Jpj ^1 Jp ULL.M Jfcl JJL-j ^1 apIj j J 
Jjt> »L S j^S'iUcPj.fcj 1 a 4JUI s _j I s Sjjpbli » (JijiLiJlj JjULuli - 
^^jUM l^U Jp SijJLi<4 j& *Ys l^ jJU; Uai <>ujT UL-T UJaS 
f jiTj »_-wa* Jp JU l^jji *ktf 5iUjJI J jl£. JpT J} jJall J«<9 j ISJi 

l^** J J i JLT J T i_J^I j 4)"Sll eOA j^ s*-j . ,y>y>- J *Ul tf «L» U 

. j^~UIj liuo uijjJil j» lj» ( ** )_ 
. &ji*i\j gUI vM 1 >• ( + ) 



_nv_ 



iSj&\ 4~-Xil jUf-^U JjjJI J^Sj i Jill JLxiij c is)\ £j\jS Jij 

c oi^j- Jp l^jj *~*£\ <y>ji\ 4>» **-"lj 5»-L.« Jl l^pl* Jj>*J 

^ Still oJLa \je- Jtfi Ijbj jlii Jlf> . CU) Lrij JI u; y-^ll j^Jl 
o« ^jJUaj Ski CjjJs- IT t l^J* uJbLI blT J JUJI j£Jj i J J 

. l$IA ^ *Ip #l» 

i 
> CJISj c tjdl i^j J S*aJI ujUII v-Ijj &UJI Jte-I j . W&UI 

■s ,*~*Jlj ft ( ^"jj^l ) iJjlil u-^-j 0b$3l jjJLS'cjUI j* *i)fA*i 

gtf { c^l Ob"t l^Syt IMll c-J^I J^ oljCwj AljjJl 
Ac^l Uhll ^"j c ^ ojuj? ^011 J&, *>dl jU" Ji cjll 



-1A- 



ijjir, * J* >' JJua £* p^ws-» i»iu*l c^jiji jyi ^ otL* 
oul^ji ^ jji gj j ^ujji ^ oir, « spouse £*j j^i 

CJlTj . ij>ljy.VI Ojj JJ j>.T ^ ^t J l^ Alkll ^ J 

ttlkll j&c" 5JUL5II ^"ISii o"ir, t SaIa jlJI UjiOj JjjxSL^M «U* 
5j>aJI olpji^all *j ^L; l: Jit -Lii^^l Jlj^l J l^U^. \j^u of j* 

j«?li OlSCi » l^jii ^-j l^l S jUJI Jp Jj^U i.j&U cJISj 

t C ^>4jj0ll £U> ^jjd SjjjJI J_i j* 0w~ *^J OJIP OUiVf 

^j^-lk. J^i al j . ttlll JjUIj Jiljfll J>^ Alia: aIjJJI vUITj. 
c ^JUJIj ^ITjJI ^ t»U JJI j± OlSj . L ^ l^JirSjjUdl JJUjft 

* cijii Ails j ^jj. j jki jipt j*-jdi ^^i j*ji 5 jM auji U;T 



J»J$£ll Jl£- jU-l iUII Ji Ijlilj JU^JI 3^ j jLf j l>L J>- 1 j*? 
c 2jj>JI S^jJajIb Jj&ij **j2& Vlj*l J^'j*" ti* 1 "^y^. ui^' 

jJ ^S^>-j 5lUaJl >u>uAi ijOi£-»NI il^^lj c.SyiL* JL^AI J,| J~JI 
i^uULI j* jOi Cijll dUi JJ*-^-** <j Jj Oil . 3*JaP O^Lf-J j* 3JUI 

i^!mi .3 j&i j su^ti VJ j-i ujir, : *£jji\ a^ji ^ a!jUi -rfjj 



^-j^-llu j* LpUl ($111 01 Sostratus of Cnidus tf-y" o- 1 ' ■/»-** J.A J ( * ) 

. ( Cvt)^^ j^j r jf • • j* • • j* ) *»Jj istc'i* Ujujl; j jiil «Ij Jul 

JJU" l^ ^1 J.U-JI l^.j c f ai Blrtjl jLBjI Jl 5-rlJL ^jOj >" cJlT, 

jn«" (> ji ^J- cJlf JMj a^^ii j* i.mi iai jj» ^ij jJj . > jJlj fUji ^ 

C^D^L. z&ij IJU* 4«i Jprfji i-* *-£- iilT SjO* U^. Ol jj-ljllj i ^Ij 
4«i3 SjUl g-A^, U . SijXSC^l* ^fJI ,j-tj ^ iftl j» l^ I.U. cilT Jl o-jjli 



_ v - 



l**>- J J OlT j£j j c JsjUll *ltJl 1,^1 J^J. 4,j£J-l CJlSj . Ji*. 
t lijJL Jill ^JZ .JSjUall O'lSj t SJL^jtj* iJsjljLI J Vj-Ue?^! If 

4ir^ijbii j Cfiji^ ut j^ai i5jUa*j . si&i ^ji j£i oils- ijujj 

j 1$1T *aL U t 3JHI j 1 SjUdlj 4p.t-.aJlj t 3*1 jjJI 4J ciL tji^p 

. 4JUVI iikUll ^ Jb^ frLC J l SJb-jJ t »l_p ^ Jl^JI IJLa 

J Oj**«Ll jljs-^ll oUjJI v» ojJLL.j * Ikil IJus Jp Oji^ill OlSj 
^jUki olT, . <M — dttLI - Ojpy jH^jKr-tj J*. OlT, . wUI ■ 
^ j Jii 1 j£ Euergetes tu«£ jt 1 Soter tii* dli jJl i^OlSC-. jJaJ J 
1 j^j j ; li J*. ^ iiUadl L^ji jL ».UIj i£j>*~ t-~*ai« jJJ' *JU 
jJLm OlS'Ua^j J. J>"j'j « J-» q* *i J> J^f- "if I j*— J *aIaJI 5LLI jL* 

jLv Tjjl* i$l* <J! diu ^ (ij . UjS>j a jii w^Ni su-i 

^ Uw iilil J* SJlijJI Vl^lj i^l jullill iijuaJ oii t J«i l* 

\Ae- U **»-l jj *-?■ J,-* 4J CJLs-j ^ ill OjJlJsJI ,jP "Wa« OJb>-l <J°.j~" 

lUITojiII ^£Ij v lilTl ij."U!l Sj5 dill ^l_^l JilT, . i>l ifA 

. AJjli.ibw iJi jl Ifi iZ^^jf-j 1 uJi TjbJl/ f*l>JI 9ypy Ipi iJb- 
vl»L> y 4x_j . Slcai'l y ijikll 4*1 jJL JW-I jU^s jC i JjIj— H \lsa£-j 
Ju^aJl »j» jp jbJI -«j jj ,_^j t i j,x£-i^M JaI IjI^»j Ifi Cisa" ^^1 



-v\ 



k . I* 



u-" a 1 .' li^j*" Peisias ^.j-i ^"j^ «•*» » : aJjJUII oIjLJIj 

. g GMjL^ ^1 c JiJl J,l£|l 

. JJiUI jlUl J UlkJ l^l_, oUj&.l joit aIUJ fcj&. CJIT, 
Ip'jiij If'a- J^teu-lj^jlij ^ jp t^jS^ll ^jJSJI l$l£i iijJi>.t ji»_, 

Ou^pflll j? u^jJSJIj iUjJl J^f J. jJU^-)|l *»>*■ 01S"U sLUaji 

jxt Sj&II «Ja ot > ^w C)T o~ SljUll *o» Jp OjUaij Oji** 

s^ui 6 . A^gi 5^; i pi jj , iji^ij wn ^i j jji ^ T^ 

M 

aJjJ C^jj . Sj^l aOA j* iljU Jp IjJj^.1 '.^Jj t iioUSNI 

^yL iu^i ubU oc.j t I^Ip jLj cJIT Jl ci^Jl i)[ft 
uij^J tf-Mi 0j& jjl Cj j j* ^U U ft& t 3JU1I JLT^i-l Ul^ll 
J i»j&U CJlfj . i.jXiC^I J ^uwi-j jjcUlj e-L ^jlii J Si-p 

frVj ^jr J* M u* wi a* lijs-Jj * J>JI Jp jjJ,\ all j* j 
4US. t. Jaj c JLAttl ihW Jp ljsf.1 SJjOl! ^ c *ai OUT, . \ r Ji 
iftU olT, . UJI *AS3l ^J j l^ J &y\ Jpj i cjslp ^ U 
l,;U^ ^o^ tijjfl Op^ aljtfll o« t Uw'Ulj v f Jj&lj i JSI-U-I 
* j^O^^I oir, . <«)( i^dl fl JU o*t. tikll ^j^Uu f bt ^ ) 
.^-/jjll *vJ> Opjj i 4«j&.l Jtj«j i jiJ Jlf jj i ijd-l lap U 

t 

s^ip^iai Jpj » i^ «ai j w- Ujoi o> oijU^ii jp ,»■ 



-VY- 



Sjtllj Jjk-^ll Jp Jli'iU ,»- av»U v 1 ^ ^'^J * ^I^j'jHj 
vi ».l; 'l^j t *iojii\ Jl>-jj oIjJUI *U»I jp V-A'j s *ij**^' 

^Jl^l ^> j^ijll ijM'j ^ ^UUIj ^^IjiV'j o^UU-l 
. l^ U l^_ Jp- Uju cJ- UV^. j^T^I.1 J~f j t ^LH ^ ^jly- 




( *.jj Jt*i* ) ^i jj- Jjj>I ( a V JSlS ) 



-vr- 



a >v V* J ^'^ < *^li Uj ^u^^l jail j. a»j Jlity 

i Jji »uij a* ojir, < i«U ^j. x*j. u cjBj c s*u, Vjiyij 
Ja «f« ^>- ■ fit* ^j cjit ^u ^ i>tCvi ^ 

J> Ji j-*** 4- ^jJI J ^Uj J^yi J JL.T attB j, >t £- 

gjlji of jfeJI jjTtjt oL-jji oUjliJI dlJU ubT, . Jifill Jl Vj d-I 
ililj^sJI air, . a~ll ^ jut ^| .at u^-j ^ ow ^ t ^ 
«"• V/ 11 y l*aJ c *U-t iujt Wl dUJL i^Ti j,Ul oUjJjll 
ClUII»^-l OKj « O^p-ll ^ 4JISL. !>CJBj Rhacolis^jT, 
j*&<y tSJ* B'rucheum > J £'jS\ J Jjii\ cJjiUj c a^JI^ J^iJI 

" • • • 

iSf* iSjA ttO*. CJlTj . f .J S\^ o-U. ^ Js^i. JfljJ-l aU* 
. <ij-»jOji*l>. «jjf j t AjvibjJl cjW$II JL.jJl._j c *SC£lj t Vj^-' 



■VI- 



J>Jp oaf cJBj . < Tr >(Necropolis) J>l ka* C»yS a»&* ' 9j ^j 
w ^j OlTJjt £$ Heptastadium f jiJi~UI ^»~i >l>-jf ^-o- 

cJdtsj^jT in^JJs ^jpcJISj . ^ l/$ll oJLa J ^.Ijjl ol£- JU. ^ 
cSjUjjj t 4kAi utUw oiSLli ju&i wUi iUj ujji _ j^ji ^yi 

j^iJ • YVVf U^ il> J»!*i J Ij^ ^.JUI oUjJI *I>JI ^t |jb- 



cJ L J] cJo. a! jlftl .J_> it Jill jS"\j . mi luJi* i,jS5 [^ ■'<% 
. itxa i*All ,y .l>I > Ji J^jsll o-jty j*JI it ail Vj « >JI .L tfJ s-, 



_V«- 



t U» L&. buj t »U J b ULAjs £j: O-sUgc U-£lij t **l* ^j^j 
«jx£j$\ .Ij^AOlT, . < r *>« UU-Lij « «J)JU l>j c (>JJ U*?.> 

l^U fc-lf-j Cijll dlli J O^l Ji &JU it > . ^^aill «a* V 
J*t fit ^ j/yJfc KLft Ji) ^ t fcdl OLfi J* lf-» U ij&J- 
# *UI cJtfj . ^olykUll l|£be ijJuCy J **»l£l OjJl 
«>• 04*V u*»y « £jlj£H J ^j>- J-t^» J^ OUJJI oJit 
.CWoljj^ ottfej OUt &* C&J . JlfjWj ,>lit J c c*l>l 
^^JLu *»-jj Jjx*jt & ^%. oIju-j oUjJiSU Cil&M cJJJj- 

JVL1 j, "j£ It Jii>.l Ji ^ j t <-»JI V v-W «> '>^ **»* 

• • • 

(«* J » Ji u* U Jr*^ *Wj '**V& & ^ W S J C V ***■> 

. Uo* fit ii\iji\ 
^J • «jr)> u* **J OWljxC-y &&* ^ > fit ^Ijllj 

^ ai jX5L-NI 0lS"j (. ^jlall jtfill ujlit J Jjr JI jlf ^ OjjJT 
0lj.« U^ 0& Ot t ^>ji Jji AT t ^ ijssj yi 5^1 J^ 

lM (r* « ^,^1^ *iU Jlkt JjJI ijt JI ^^1 ^ ^l ftj 
(T4#if E cSjU.lUt-Y) 



-VI- 



Olf^JJI Brucheum {j£"jjA\ IJ* l^U-t j^.^. ^T J klfill J i^J-l 
cr 1 ^ ft-* * ^Jjkk- 'j»Bj . fry** u*j u^ifej^ ^ Jp f jj*»i* 
jtSjM^l^U- Anias ^l*!' »l»' J»j t *fJa ./Ui Oj*»jU j c *r' j*S" 
t/-l>* tS-b-1 Leontopolis ^j^j^ J U 5 * ^^* ^ fk J 

Oi OlijJIj uu j^Jll ot dUi . j^ull iiHd >ljT J v^ ^^ ^J* - 
jp JUtll jjjJI J^fa«l j^h* ji ^ jlj t aIjjJIj jjiOJI SJb-j \fu/f \y\&\ 
iS>jt3\ JUP^I J^jj £\Jl\ UJi* i)t u» Ji <J»u. . a^UI >^ j?U 



• w- 



*j_/SJ tjUjJI ^g-Jj . S jvT S^^^ jfl&Jj V^Lr^ W^*' i>* V**" Sj^Il 
J*f <>.J (Krt; ^jlj^l f J- 4a jpl iu^l it ^ OjSCt. l>U.ti t jJTjj. 

b)l anan^ai ^^i £_£Li Ojwu ^j t - a*.ui i*«Atu $i»j\j 

jf ji jUi^l *U lj;w»t ^fi bjj sop j* ^ ^ Ij^j^t ai jj<JI. 
Jj^ll OjSl- J Oil Jp- Ov 1 ^ 1 ^u* ^^ ^-^J » O^fUW 

. i>l <J*JI did Jl tf j^ULl 

Ob t iA'jJI «*M 0>*1&: Ij-i^-t t 5j jUdl^ 3JIU jil^t J -^-lf j. 
5*1 j» j* i juJl JSjw^JiJI cS^ jfJl u^J *■» Jr" S-»j JJI JlJtfcJlj OUjJk 

.^i^. ^ j^ jiV>j «j* ^v at cj^^ ijiir ^ j**ii «i«> 

4v*l>- ay?*- J *1JUII *N> ^ Jb-lj J^dim J&J CtSy i 4.-JL21V 

fr* (X y J^ u -UJ1 u* ^ j . <J l ^ J ^ l i ^ cr**"- i* ' u-'-j-' 1 ' s Jij^ 



-VA- 



i*J» at i^ j i^ai ^j^-j . ^jji ^ l^ Liu. »uui\ »N> 

(seniorum) V^ULj hermeneia keata tous hebdomebkonta 
«*) , Wseptuagint SJb-!j 4*6* J jt Inlerpretaio Selpuaglnta 

aii ^^ oi *~j:i ^j, jiiJ ji >u 4>j3i **> cJirttj 

W j ayto ^'T ojy. ij.-irou.jji ot iju ji »j»ll . *, #1 r oif ^* 
. w jJi j^y^i o». 5) j jib o >- j& ^\j o! if t ^^ii fcy* 

01 4)j2i i^y^aLI j (JUjJI jjuUjI Jb-ji c)t Jj^fl ,j-j*J^ Jjt- J*J 

J L cfi ! (' &® ^.j^ 1 u^J ■ rf A» J *if* tiyky ITJk. bjjw 






m 

m m 1 » 



-A« - 



SftlH 



oil 



f y J J j*w o»- Jl lei-** jL> Ji *lkJI U» 6], yu . jwhll J*z-J Ji 

Wfc>i air Ji»-jjij 3ij*« i.jCi-i j^*-i ot ^ $ slui j iyi <i 

u^j . Jill & V>. ^ V 1 ^ 1 5 y-' * ,J *1 Jj'-^ 1 i>.J'" J m>«=-i 

u^ 1 (> v*^ 1 v- 1 ^ 4 6" lj y > 'j |ai4 'j^j vjj sLI If 4 a M 

iU-l aajT ijTjjj *UJ|j ^uyij jfill i-sU J IjS^il JUii t ^ali 

iai cJjfj-all jj-A* jlj t *l J i«ll j.. JbjA JS'ljjul jull SUJI iSJj) J. 
3^\ Ay* \y- iUS ^Ju jij t ^JU^I o" ^'^ >> iixJl l *^> °* 
^j-j-ill SaL- JJ If. 0j<*i«j Ijj'IT ^11 ii jll oU-l 0j*1^ Ij'lS'ji^l 

JLU- J£. U 4J_^wt j* JL ^"bUJI 01S" jG» . Jlkll *-ljll ^jjiU ^ 

Jl iclall ilijl Ij^^ .U.^11 jJajV ITSjuTj !>«. jrjp <JjJJl 
> " • ' " -' - - 

If f-j>J jjJLJI r^*" u^j^ *ijJ}\ O'lTj . j^Jp XiuJil «-i all If^ji 



-A^ 



( 

t 



Ue L. tfijj jt Jb« *il} AJ^aift jy jOi is\ £&* utf ^» t^T £«j J 
*£)j . *Jaj l JJr * ^^1 li* OlTJliJj . by m >j OU1J3I j* SJjJtt 

Jp. tkii tui «Jw- ji *l^>wiJI Oisi-ti < J*Ji dUi jp ij>* *f^ J 
J^PlL OjUtt Jhj t ^i^* ■» («!■■■>•' J * *JL£ iJlin t^ji\ jji ij: 

ui j c j^l ju* al&V >5>. j^«W» < Mr* 11 * tH 1 til 0jfi>-^U (^ij-t 

SjUjaif^lia^Ul J i^Ull J.UII OlTj . < tv >OjU ^ 5U-I «Ji* 

OcLt ^Ik dl& j*ai ^Ui Ut t f jJI J ( J^l JIjJI 0" 7^7 > 

. ^LT S^ JT J tji J*«ll j, g^-j t Ot*»t i* j 

Jl^0wvW : Vlr^ 1 J^J ' ^J^ 1 Oibjlj c .LL.NI .f .> 

-rW •>• «»" «j& (^ pf-** ^j^ 1 Jl **J-> 0^^». cU f lj * 
Jj 4 Xw j^j j* oil jll oJla ^ IjJLi jlS ,jwoImI t)]i t jy?*\ • i k> 

Li* j* tl^l J**j 1* ji Jji-j . ^lllj .U)(l ^ <J| JlaJI ilT 

u&sJUuaoitfyrj coiijJij* L»!itoJLi jroir, . «»jrui- 

«-lj <J>. ijJa^I jpU,. l)jj*Sj i^JI OlSj . i^Jl jt (jw^r^ll ^ Irfj* 

1 * ■ mm 

ou<i>di.j£X| 4.'* yS y- JS^jj Dj^jlw ijjJl Ol^ uo-'J* * «ji^ 



-At- 



1 u^T jp cjj; i^Ui ijij* tff t ^j»ali jjjb- ^Jl. Ji ^y£ 4i 

jp ^>*T u|ui j»j3i J \j~js\j t ^ f i>i ^jjjt ^^j 

, t 6,iai jp ^ui C j>: f u a* uu gb^i j* ^i ^ cj^ s 
+h ci-ySJj * ^ *jm\ f u-Vj < ^-Ij ^>p> pput as, 

* iblUbjai i* %i M* jsCtfl 04-J J& ji 1 J5LUI £UI ,>» 
( ^JJ uwJ^ > j? I^Ji » *-iJ **l>l oil u» ouyi oT ^ 

*>-j » ^i J>t J-* oir ir t i3> fai j r vt p*a&yJi ^ 



-ay*- 



— V-r/^-AU tO^i •*** <i-> * fc-* 31 ^Lr* 11 /p-'jl' &*& d 
<>; fc*l3l oUjlAl ili^T ( Ma _ \M ) ^aUl ^JUaij ( U^ 

• y*jj v^* ^^ ww . f . j r • f u jj . 4?u. 



-At- 



Sjl»Jl ot C5>t l^ .Uijl l^j oaUIIS' Jijji o/j jl^ t Ufcr 

t it-ltj* Sji j/iL*- {js?jS 4J&0 C~£l»j c AtiUI itjj 5j»_j l^l£*» 
Tinioreon OjJbf *^f ji 1*Ip ji-r^J ^ •***. •->,& i* J^ r 1 *.* 

4jtU» a^* Agathocles jJ&J ^j . Oj>T JWT &*. i^UI j^ 
Ij£a j. < 6 *> ^1 jty g jji Silpjj OjiJll *U!J< J* j Ot iJBi Jp 0UxJl> 
VI JU-I ^JUVj c Jb* ^ail Jl Ot Jl J ^ 5j > yS-y J<» 

SUltalt j«i Hieromjlill Ojjt* Jb J a* SjjJ^- j^ CJlS' JJI l^Ji>- £«i- 



-A*- 



t)T Sac t^L-L. J i\Jj . OwwJI j-^^/ ai -'' ^-^ , V^ 
4^C>- tfJU OS j . OO^" JfcJ^ ot 4-JJ J-.JJ c^l j&j t «kU- ja J>J 

j. juT Ja«ij aUsJIj JUL -utf J fcull CjCUS-Ij t OUjll j* £)j» 
JUL Sj*Ip lfjlj>- tf^/'JUP lijjj c 4*JaP kbe oXii. *tflj t ijJ-l 

4** j j* CUs»vilj . ^uijjll t45^JL« IjUmij l;W> J^f. ( 1^>U j^ljl ti 

* • 

ijsl^iji OjLju Jh J 4pUv9 **»'./ ^'j* <^-»J *-"* (J*"i ^J./* <^J 
fjWl ju^j jyjl *Lj jjtf *J* Iji Jt*£ t «A>) &*i* *b- J Ji-^o' 

^ /-U-J t lS^jI* S-i-J*^ t*jJi*j t 4*viljjll u-jUJ^U *-»Ij da** 

ifi oir, . ui&m ouji gijiT j- ?>*V £ « ssUm *ia>.j « ^uji 

* m 

5JL*J-I f j**j)Ij lfii-»j l^ljJbj- Cjij jj c iijt U^il(«Ul OUj . t-rl 
W l J o» J" ^^J ^ £.^J £JJ* f J^'-U* V^ ^ ' iV®J 

Jjt -l^. jt ( ^.j \vt ) oU jj ^5lt (^ 4*.ljJl i'j Sjl^?- Oai 



- At- 



.<••> UaU > VJ J-t J Ujb- t ii«- Jaij CJIO 
^ ci-T r l*l ^ f ^ J pa IJl l A ^\ ijj £ £J*I ^ 



* 

« ^Jwi ijjt CJIT Jltf . f JLV7 Vj yU WUjJl SjUi-l JLf — VLm 

tf alii Uo« Sjji j CJIS* 3jii\ Jj j+a J Ub jjl J.Jil /,<!., 

<^" ji> ' V->M ^Ij «>rj j»j 1 ^jJii v^-* 5 -* • titf** 
£f f .c5 MA ^ U J ^ t £J-I JaU t j/jll ijua*. t gjUIL 

0* Vj^ 1 * J*-^ 1 cAj^ 1 ^1 ^ J C-b Uti? JJb-j oa»-j i.U 
&HI a^lo SJbJbUI 'objjkljM^I J C*±*\ £• 0& . f U oJT 



-AA- 

^1 i-JaiJ.1 Uj^kil 4^^211 SjkJI j, -^ fcU, J»l SUJ iJlp SjlaJ 4 

, JJUll oL^di iilk. 1,1. jtfT 0j& a; l^j oall Jja j^-j oJlT 

^ OV VI obi u-ibDl oVT ^d^ai j, iwi^i SjJIjJI aJLAj 
j* ot J .iU j^ L.j ( J-Ua ujJ> ^l 4 J «-JJ^ *W^ Uj i v_j£3l 

Ji c 4»l£ll J >r -U ^jb ^^ Ja>- tiJ j t j^J-l j^kkl Jkc^t lJj^V 

jjavaT«jljJl ^jaJUoj »j>- j^- i£j*A&\ lJSj&\ Jljjl Jp <_-^J tL_j£\!l 
.JWI >>j» ijj . {j*-j> 4~£* >C dJlJli *1* 4l*J j^m ^ SiUl aJLft 
Jjlkl Jp J^jdlj UUall JjU- 4^-U* SpLhO *»*i l)Ij J**Jl IJ* Jp 

1 "Vi o* J u* <3j-^' ■^ J *jk£B J**x«J i^l «JLa CJIS^j 4 *-»lj 

parchment Jjj^l *H J£iUj f j*V. <-* £i^ll tijll £^l l« OIpj-j 

. v li VI JBj ^tli-iU SbT -u^ Jjjll ^Jb 1^1 j, 

i_.^il j^i t\JLj\ r*?A Jbl-1 IJLa Jl <_^Sol jop iJupI^; 0^ jimj 
dUi Ji ^;^l i^.j ^^M J 0-«li 0» jjjJl «JLa OJlT\ <«jtf °JJj«* 

fljh ii^lil I,, u *&ft Jll u>J3l JJL-j j* l^i oiir^T > t oijll 
^"j Jj • « j**^3l <U*U^I*_^£llol*>j*i£ jy cJir^k-iiji JL5Ct Cy jJLj 

JIjj ^A,* * • *^*il* A»* **' kij** 1^1 V**^J S«£U a-AA *>*>■ jJi" Jl 

Jl ( YAV ^Ip J ) 1JL* V ^jt ^ t u -jk-.lyjU J} a-^j jk-.jt 
t i$y^\ SjJTj Scepsis J ^-x^aO Jl la* \foi j i Neleus a »ji»' 
b^I ^ _^J i OM jjll ^^u JyJ IT i ^ j^ll-^lj J Oiii o>»- 
ilUl>wll li* Jp i'jiJL. <_^<ll «JlA CiU 0^ JUi j . (jJJI {yfji *i_jL. 




( jii^jJ! j*4J ) ^j^ ( «r jsa ) 



_A^ 
-of Teos^^Apellicon Oj&Jjl .f . (3 \ • * rKl'j»-^-"ri ' j^' 

_^"t jk-.jf til J t^jjl j* IJUk ij^j 05 j c (rJ 4 j^ijJ 4J1 sU* U 

A*l f Ip itfl J* Sylla %* J>i-I Uj . ^JL5J1 £jjUJ J ij>U- 4a*}WI 

Andronicus. o*J* J***' J" < -*^ ' **-*-> «^i V*-> ^J^i' V^* ^ 
— fl>uJLl ^^aJI aJLa jii j . ^ 'jla*»jl OloJj* ^j^u ^^o jjll lUJl 

*Lxai &l / ^ jiv / jujji j-sCciigji* J &iu *u air, 

tilt ofY>* ' • ,^-jiJjdi £»- ilfi JJ OUILI a* Ifi l» Mp "ill Jij 

JiiUI io* ^. ^^i t^JUl ^*Ll i_jbT Jjt 5JU ^1 j»TT J l,L» Oj&j 

cJjtf J ,^-iL jAjJI tf t^- 4P_,^I oOa j«-£ Jtj T W f Ij^l oJL* <j 
^j^-ll* 01 cUlli Jp 3JU1I JUhljill j*j . ^-'IkLi i^iel *f>- ^^m iijl* 

Olt>* 8J «J 0^ Stft Jl jlUl 01UJI ^lv iJW li* c-J^J 
5-pj O^iLlj . W^'.Jp *I .1 fr JUl. Ijtiai 0^ &j/3\ ^L-tj t VL. 



-V - 



^dl >f *$&> oltl c>T *s\Ji\ qa ill TjlivJl i r &\ *tdl J ^-.Ufc 

£/H\ £J1I ^.U- U j»yj Ifi^lj SJU JtJ-1 ClWjlail i^ J C/wi* 

^ j^UIl jLuj 1,1^1 J ci*JLI J* viol} oT S~£U CJJ L.j 

•V* jUoj ' klW-l JL^- IJj* «_w»Uil jS\ k&S (jjA »_,.^;« r^Ay 

• • • * v». ■ 

»Vj* *\e-l UI C-Jj Jij . JLjJl tijJ ^U^l JU1I Oj£j J)T.47UffUaS»!-l. 

•j* i/"-^ A^-"' •-i^bil 01 j t ^IjLJI a *>-jb-ijTj t J*>">J' 
^^jifcJS' 4*>t *\ c *'5ll «JL* jp Ji alC^ j . *JLUI if Uill «JL»-jj i5j>-T 
aOp iL »U> ^jfi J If^'j **j*^l «JLa vjftls* i£JJl iUilj jC-\£}\ 

1*4** j t <uJil i^j^il Jjv»l j* 3JU T jjvf 0j»»~»j ' >*~*ll j,-* *r' jl*»' 

•Vj* u **> OlSj . OIaj*j? u-^JI «JL* 0j*-i' »yJl J* ^^V aO* 

^UB 0j»-^ m-^JJ ' pjW'j v 1 *^ 1 «- i ^ ClA? ^Jr^ ^J*' 
y^jjij oUJUJ Oj~£j \j&",y pr*j ' **-Sll *JljJI j* « *l»UJ» » 

J*J-I J^zij v-o$l J yipt^iM ^>JI Aristophanes 0li>-jt' 
Sju^ll Jjjji-li ^yiju \f I^mi iroill Olt^ksi! J V~Hj iUxJLi 

Jll oljJI ,^>-l tfill ^* 01<j 4 -Jj3l oU}Uj i(Csp!Uls)- 

^Op'^JijAj; j Toj Jij . SJUjJl Olib^ll !*lj» J iiUll JLiT tit*? 

1 tfyt-J^+f tflj t *l^ Olijli-'jT J^»ljj t i-jijj/lj SiUNI 

Ij^^ jjiJl j>j t ^i*^UI OuU JULI ^ y> fjfi** CJfy 

J*. *UlsII Ojill juu {j . ^it'yi Sjl> Jp Jaj U^ Lh ^ U 



j^aii i^gi ^j \^j k^ca JMt ijxCy ±»J Jr 

Scipio j£- *-?J*" 0*»- vliy*-' J» **s^ *-£• ^' £-* J ' a M f^ *i J ^ 
4, mJ x£*y\ *~£s ip jij* j&r Jll sji^jJI a-^LI j53j . M»jJ ft*ju 
0>U* IjJITJ^I 5 >*jll iJ>Jl]l oO* il> ol illi : fj^ji. 2f£- ^ 
•liJi; JfcJI >ujj f U j t yiSill jojt>- Jp SLILII il> ji>3uil a-*- 

^-jjjk;! uijukt ,>>- 1 w>jip ill ^»- 1 lu^ Ty j*i* ^ Jii *_j£JI 

•bit j>-l tiOJI i jJu£-VI JL&. ^ »jJ-l dUi V- <jf jJ SjiwjJ^l 
4 i~&\ ai* J**ij . <Jd* oJT JJL. . f . J iA f Ip ^ Jp !j> 
j>.IjT J kail «0a *l^f j,-*. ^jf Jji j* ^y-jj lijUj dlTUy 

. {c-jlsii ^loijtr J ajj ju oirisi vi u* yuj, u ibii ot ^ £s ± 

I^p-p t .IJUIIj j^UJl j^p .^s JT JJj VjT ^1 li* OlTaiJj 

^k U»bt CijJd^j i.a>- J,t of j c ^m l.,^-,i jir fjjJLl ou jJi »u[ of 
Utuf Jl o^l JLP^fl \j>-jZij t IjJjJjj t IjLi^j t Ijiu^ i)t 



-1Y- 



w0 «j*A\ 4* j> ij*rj dp . fjo* & sT^r JipTj jA j^p. 
-jJWjluU K*i± Ij^jio-i oT IjJjUj t li>* Jisif ^ »-»ijftlj 

**-.vJlj g *w j$l Aljkll *lyti |j ( l_^£JI £«»tj B f lj» lj»*»j» t V-* 

-jUU >oll j, Ijf Tj l^j < ,|,UIl_, v bS0l jLS3 1^ l^lj 
J OU^ Ijj^T., . jul^l ,V> ^ U> j VI <J»>V Jl Hill 

J*w- J* « 8y*JI S^^iil JjUIj J oT CJf jjll Ol^»!)tfl eJUk 

J s^^jtki sj^jJi wiijJi «Upj|i J>.j ^mmIi s£#i fcUjJi ami 

OjJU^'j c js*J| t^jS'j j>-ULI Ojjwsj Iji^ti c lfl£ Cijll dlb 
oljlji c *Ij si «JLa J j^'y" ^JUIl **M J«i iTt ijX^*»VI *«&• 

*v> j^ Vji j . icaai ajUjJi oijUij jjujSu ~»«ji <J|^-Vi o* 

jjf- CJIjj j^ll tiijlj^llj 4 OljjSllj t «-Jjj=l-l C/aSl J*j*?J *'JWI 
•iIJUcj'I ^11 g tJefl C»| jJLill j oOa Jp t fie Jjt ^JU (tUII ,>• *>-l 1-k 

. ^ a2t (jUjJl il J3I flW 6 . ui 



-M"- 



• A- 



^fiy^i\ »iUi «JJ ^ill uj>*iU jj-| 10* i^j jjfJI Jsife-I jl5J 

cJiiti ojai f u* i jj ( ^ s^ii ciJt _,! ) ^ ^Li' oJt aa. 
ij^Jii _ oaij dj^M\ a'^Ji ,^r Aij . t>jj 4-i; -Jli jo^ 

• • • w 

jUfll jLfjvJj \j^j . J^l ^| ^| J^s |>MJU ^ 

J^li jyjt ^ j ij^ii ^ oir jIj . <"> fJ ji ji 4, viJii^i. 

' ^-j- jU-t i-ljol ^jljdl c*a»j « %tlj VI Jl «w-jL ^oiU- 
C-V iJl .i* cJiJIj . o*AUI l>LUI U*tf I OJIjiBI jujyj t 'V^illj. 



-Ai- 



. i^Jbll Ulja-l Jll s^ai Ji*. iJUII jj^l J 

^sCt-L to. oir iij- ^1 diii J ^ L? T>sr ot £u la* h*z 

jUJ ^ T*j>. ^u bV<x*u && 1 ^\ XJI is* j* aJ «3 i J^-lj 
ASOr'if ^i-jdl /!/> j£)j t u ** s >. dJiHI a** J 0^-A» ^ 

dU ^»> u^u Ji s /jii oijUi dti J jvun vut ijij^i ot 

■>\"Y flp"j vU: 5J15jj S^jJ >JI la* 01 tfvM >«*« lai* Jjftj 



Ji jU-^i ^ fasii vii j'( ytt j>i uiLuj ) 1*^*1 jii-I (♦) 
^- i;i Ojjjii gi ^i (■ ^jjj . tf i- ) bjjii jlC! lT : jui., j^i .j-jiai 

Y«» f l» Jlj^ Jjw^l ilibai. .0. >j<b ti Jij i L-i^l Jj^llj ^Jl Jp 
V**^ jy 1 *^ > i * J " ti - 5 "^' J ^ **** s xJ -' ■ l/^~' l, "'f^" Jl "^j-s-'j • f ■ «3 

. 4 T» . ,t i i -Ujuu U^C 1 Ujjll i«S"' J*?' I*"**' ^«iJ < W Aua i i-J><" J* 



^a- 



.tftj t Jl^ll Jbfj ,y %?jj UU IJLA iJl^ ft £j~j OlSj. .O^i 

XfcU #0,. U ji jU U jjji Jl JpUI i 01 Renin Obij J j* j . UJI j 

^T « US3l i hJU Jy e y> \jyp f jjt jbf Jtu^/I >. j* Jj^ll 
J&U jyfcWJj . jlUil ga A\ yJl 0|P « Ik-j UiU l|JU» ji .. &U 
.t)Ull ilili a^jll ipLU > cr^. TjUf *lTi 1^ J ij^ *V 

V 1 * Jb ■ »^ e-Jii j>& ttui oj^i jtju tfAjr ji ^jii j 

^.Wl j>V OyP lii Ni ^.^* £lkU; JU, ^ jwJll .^ J4 .Uj^llj 



-VI T- 

Wf J-3l U» £. i>j4 \a[ '^jtaij ;U-I ot ^Ul U ai j . J^ll la,. 
•v*«Jj» t>» g'j 11 u*y-j& **** a j-i &f -i* «JV^ y-- j^jj" 

juSL? djb*j 0jjJU> Oj^tA 1 «^^ ^**1 f^ Jl j>* N £u>- a» 
•\jOJLIv Jb-T O^t fl|. t «jwl&l OjJ-lf' t>J^ 1 ^ *>^l i>£j s Vfi^ 

^jjTcJjiaij .^oklbf-^j fit jjii J^l^jtfi ^. * jW Uj t ljIJUJi ^ 

**i' at l&j t'Tylfc £ £> 4J1j t.^-y-jiJt a** J i«»jir tfT *liV 
£ 0>UjL»j Oj*-UJI dlT li) *J1 Jlij ; j» 4JU U JSv^l ^ Jl*- 
JjVi >*l j>- OjJb cJ»^-i tlUJI la* J feUJI ^ *, l)j2J>- > U lj% 
feLJU l^i lyrfJ^olj—JI Oj&-(j : 4)f|- **!>-'*! *>>• ' v^-^fJi 

CJtfaJt) . - 1 TUtj»j j^p-jj ^dj^J M-^" til *-* a r tiV^ cij"* V*' 

■fcs,^ eft fa ' ■»** «*** Jj» ^ Oi^ *j^" V^V-^ l \P 
«s** J* srffe * ^ JJ'^jij ^ J£ £* m \j* u i/ j>^. 

t iaJtalt aJU ■ ^1 1 £j*j f . Uall 5U-I .a* J SLi Jl Jp «-J u iJ 

^p juij »^t ou^i oiur J j^ji osLj' « **^ ^- i ^ ,J ^' ^^ l 



- w- 



^>J& J&l A!ft\ 4 JU J ij( J| JUM ^ITj . yJCj SU-I ^ 
Jj> J fyl* ^ ^ &J CJ. ^u i)\ Jp ^jjl U» CJlptj t ijf J» 







jb fcJlsli o-jli J sab JS3 ^j^i ab** Ji &> j& b&jjSj ,. ^UW 
OlO t jjU- j**J\d \j& tc T *J«s a-*-! ^jJ^I ^IT, • Jr^ 

sa^\ i^lji ^ Ojii~ j < 5Ji* T ^ Ojitj ij-'Bj « ^ys'^ V^ 1 

<J J{ ^TLl O^C ol^JJ vWJfcj ■ pr u J J* T u* J J ^ 
OlTjT ol»Ull Jji j* dJIi OW»lj-. t OLJJI *-».? (^ Jr-* j*^ 
t)lTt ^li^l'aJUb ^1 jT 4 JLUUI 4^'T ^1 j, j£j . ^Ul Jljit ^li-jl w 
ic'U^IOli t IjiUUllctf j3l c rj)\ iaj£-\ t 5ijjJ-l S!jUL! ,j*a*a» J-** 
j*p LL« g-iLe L-al ^1 j UJca £ki N| "Lit «JL* ,>• Jri |lj . *»->il 
l* r "l*. J -w. UlTjiJWI Terence ^-^j Plautus ^-jb oU& J 4*>»i» 
■XljoJI u/£ SJUJbU JL.ll J cJLSpT ji5j . \»j> m j£j UJUL\ JULl i*^ 

>d cjir jlu aJi* ibr^ oUjL-jT c-jI ji lui CJj ii OjiAj 

X.lj$3l aJ> Jl .Ul L. ^ JJI i>dll o>JI v** « ^^ s^jt 
^Jl ji> J jw. ^Ll Li ^yj . £lj jll Ji iUi £ JU-jJb t5^"j 

jp oUfii oiyU- oLuii oii. ^yj j cj-"N J* *i$* v^ cr^ «^ 

.^tiUll Vj i jjTJtll »Up^ Li J^'CJIS' Jll At JU5JI ^^Ul i>rj J- 
iJLJI 5 jJIp Jj>- J^ Jl< J a^mII jjJJ CJB" Jj * uJj^ 1 Jj^'j 



^•iTOjit^jJL* wftl iJlP OUj c feit Oj-Ji djlUil Ol^ilj . ^1 
jb yj£ d\ f I jjll Jp SjlkJI^. Oir*l^JLII U *UJ#I j* JJi :Op J j» 

* jJUsll.^ * JiW aJlj i cjli-vaJI i^lj i 5j^ *r>Jy u*Wl 

. ij>2lljt *S*iiJlj t^Uallj t «J»^JL5llj i jj-fllj t*--UJl^ t J**Wj 

*^ «j^T ^ U Jji ,»& tA» 6 j*i» UU . Menander jOJL. j Philemon 
Jij c jU»L« Oj-^ L: Jlsi *ijj^ djj^fl OlTj i *3jr> &X* i£y 

#, fjsji a^'^fij § /Si, i>u ic >1 ;i>i j, uJ '^ 
/* jut ji Vi» 1 j^i ,ui; J ^u*. u ^ {j \*ja\ jitt 4* 

. jJlJb* »Uap Jp r-Ul C-A^ijj C ^-UJ T^|Ji *ulij ,juU«*ll *Vj* 

*1joJ-I jv«JI J Cogrevc ou^JJU ^OJI^^J,! jj'jll IJU otfj 
Alexis of ThurliJbj^l^^jt^^^ll^jp/r^^v-Jtr^^l 
jl/ *ia*»j olU fr p Jij . jj*?} JiJU*j ^>-l>>U JUL' 

/B*s~i m j t llljil j-*.j »jJU J 5LJ-I J j&L c \j t ^Lr- OlTjiii 
*j*br 6& 0l g 1 lliutiAU DWj . yJl^l J^jJI ^tus^l Ui 1 ^ 
«U jllj . ^.^1 ajLW L*y IfH^ol -J [^^l) L*.Jp Olycera 



_\..- 



'C—tf J» CJISj c jjj* Let AHi t^J? Oj-j - 1 \j~ts~ J C-J 

Iflts* t jJl^NI Slij C-Jot JJ1 fcJl J JjSfl a*- j** <l>j&j 
i'U »U)I dUi Jbu t^j . JUO»- 4«e S*U jU fcJl cLUj J Ujjflij 

LJp j«p 40jj IOpU 5ijii« 3jw*S 1^1* «k* l^lTjla*- <J»NT!ujjT j£. 

• • * 

£j\pyj>y&\ j* lij^ft b'l J j . jOJtu A**~jCJa^ J»j Epitrepontet 

»j!jC |i oUjJi ot jTJD of Li ^ j. $ pji £ *a» uijCs c-»ai 

Ji - jUk$L jjU- jU. j*j _ L>& Jll i^aiJU i^-ll J* J .>^ 
J JUjJl J3JI 4i <-*»>. U tJlT IJU J^.1 tfj: \f Lyii- Jl-ttjUli. 

: ysiS* Jai-jJl dtt>-J ^U. ot «^i\j & ■£ Ijj* 1M >LU 

c^j joiLy oisj °^i >^l ali tSCT tf y « 3LU lLT cjT, < jj;l. ^T 
Ot Vi ajJ-l f ljit *i^ £U ^JJI jiuii uu J .^s auyu J« <l *-T 

# i^u j»i«i « v> £>*■ j» ^ Wl >' UI j^* ^ -^^ -*i -A 

Oti JLj 4^3 j t i>^"J *^-*" JJ-^ ^"^ J»J"' W J**JJft ^' -»^ 
^Jai.^U-jJil tfJb-i gjnAj* JjJjJ.,i 0A) 5\W jU jl-A' t>»-><> 

j^jji s ^L.^ as3i oii ^y tr^j? i^ik ^»u j^ ju-i 

•bj"»y c^. 5J r-i k> V»jj £J>. ^ O^ & tfi i *<* &® 



l|lii aij ) « ^JJI jtUl jui* .^Jl jUt 01 » : Jji VU t JIL.^11 &# 
oy U'l OjC *J, JT» : -Jj5T ^IjiJIj fcUl <y *J^ Jp 

j*/ j> t TjUv, ^y u^i ^ jtin 01 

ITU dUu J2ll Oil i *V#I *U j- 

« o>Ji 4sss i cs^aii dj^. ji>ii j j^v* 'uki o* ^ 



- w- 

CijJi&y i jfj*. JJ JjJ^fl cj^I oUj c fcli jJI S^-^ 1 CJU 
■OUjJI^Tj U ^IjjJl ^ gsL ^ 4^Jj jAijI a; ^^jl 01 * . Y*\Y fU 

dJUII O^ll^l Uj . Sj&jU oUL#l C jU» 60* j, i> - jjute*, 
J IfUcJU-j LbJbtl i^ULI oo>-jt J| ^jJLi ^aAi ^jj 4*. Cib^ 

y^i **i; yjj ^j^i ^oji »yj»_, ^^i il&i cojbfj 

JjU-j LJp Ijjti^vJl w! j*i)l ^>.j . j«ijbllj JU!l « lfk*i*- » J3l 
JJoll l-p!>WIj a^.UII ii^ljliNli JLW «_W ^ 4J U jLj ot 

SOjvaS^j (Aitia^L^i ^ i^LAjl SAjHdij The Lock of Bernice 

Otj c JAJI l^JiHfljN 4>-ja Jl J^-l ^jb J» Acontius ^j^ 
J ji ^ OljUriJ Stall j jpJI Jdjj t i.^ Jl*. oli Cydippe ti^- - 



-\«r- 



. f W JJbu*. J dfcjA, /il> j, Oj>-T 0«> VOjI JV cP'-» 
^jl^jtfJb-l J »n u XlTit Uk 01 .V ^ bj jj# tot > 

: ^ijltll oUjJl Jlji^ll 01 

1$ i Oemocrates u-jWj*'* k ^J & ?' "-V/*' 
^^t .JU; j* 4i^lp cpffl- 6>« J Of-jJI 4-*b- air, 

t aikJI JU* 4«iUj «ibJ jUit Jp JUB U* Ik* id Uj . ^jjll 

.> jUNI J^i* ^ J tjjfoV** 1 ^ & u*-K ^ ' u - - 3 ^ 
. Argonaut!* &ji yrfH i^JL. ^ iiJ' &-U* *^ ^V* 
: 4)j»> 5>J i^ *& <y J^ ^^J^U* ^ i^JU »J* J* f> 

oJU Jl jf Vj . «u*L..I/j>. it ^U, ,>. ^U»l J 10* iji jJiTj. 
c-JV^Jj t Lju. ^ S jb* UJi U> V*j t 0^11 01 V^ i*^ 1 

j*ii\ U* *&jc Vij > *A* sj 1 ^*- f^ o* ! M ->** ^ (& 
<y Oj^ t)Jj3l J OUjJI t)t dlli . 5>iJ SjW- 5 jUU dlT tf jl* 0t 

. I >, f>- til*.' 



- w- 

t ^i a ju ijxCjr i'^ sjU cjit aiuji i>uCi ot J dLi 

Jl> J J**JI JsU J>I-lj J^fell *JLa OjL^.j t U>.j aJL^I 

J l^ I*J>- &W ^j i SLl^ J 4jL>- Uj Ji ii\S"j . ^/.jkijijU 

SU- ^y. Jll JLJ.I j^l cjlTbjj « »yjlj .U*JI JU, ow ^ 
Praxinoa IjjuS^; tfOjydl Jm* j . wUll ^Ik-ij- Jl *«J- JU-I 

! iO^ dlitu, lij^U- V ! «iUU OUy j» did/ ■ 
! cro ,**i> ^ ^J t Eunoa Iji'jT 
J To^ Oj^ l>1 4*W otjS'i j _^Li Lr »* *i js»-j - : 1it...j ci^j 

■ * 




( uJj» Vjd «-i~a-) . iU. f j* .j. j ^jjj go. ( < f J£i ) 



( r oi*.c r £« jjUiiw- ^ ) 



-.w_ 

a* j . will jUJl Jp S1LLI JLiyull J^JIoljO>^ Jj» jwjjll ibUl 

_S jw^all ^j^JI jl cidyllion OjJ-b^l- SU- Jl JUtj 5JU-I A JU J j* j rt 

jUit ^ uj iijl»j ji fejUu iwaij ^cspn j ^-Jj . *.j*a 

C*J» a» S^IjJI jl£U$I oJL* j£J j t ijpj jlMiT S^Jtp VI ^jki jijtt 

ijL^jJ^-JO JUiU'SlI ajlf. j . ^j j (JlWl) «li»J \nJf- lfl*Jj (^JJI «/jfl iil& 

J& jlj . ^-ydl Jl IM V-l «>j^ (fU* dy* £1UT 4U* Ji 
JM .j-L^Vl t <>l jjaiJI IJU- Jsc t J|nil dla JJ JUj^l wo5ll 

•jj* iJfcJl ) jjc^yJi utt&f 't^ t t>W *5*» ^ ^ >j V»J6 

Uw»tj t yl sflJ t/aij ' d>\JLnlf «ju i«JLi«l SUsoil J ( (V/-£*Mj 3**»U1j 

ouTjt ( sy* OT'JLlpSM ) Hyfas^Vj Jiy* **# X&Ub 1%- 
JTi <t\ <_»*/! J« iTt aUpj 1 tli'^j t JU#I SjAs-j jLU .jli 1 

«£** ^ J* 1 V 1 * J*~ ti&'&j e *UI J jT 5^1 cJj jl c j»JM 

• « r • " • 

^^u^tt^ll «d^ ot UU- ',y £ Jlitj fj^j Jfc j ^j tsall Ji,JI 



U t»j JU ^j at i^ai i^y^j . ^iii sUj j*i yk "^\JL\ 

^jt *^U \ji . cj1^i«II > ^U ^ ju«>.j -di JljJb ^j cJU 
tij-^. Tjlji i^l ^U*. gj ^j^i i^T J pan 6lj Ji «>_p 

: 4^1 J APjkl. JTJU; aia^i 
J*J-I jUjll IJU jj.j t ^JU, lj Jjf a 

Jit ai ^>. ^ dUi . Ja^L ,>iiili j^ ijjJLIj 
. i ^1^1 c-ii Ji JoU 

SIpJI JUi; ^ j^Jit t ^T ytill CjIj I 

tjUjtdJLsLlj g-jJI ^>Ji» o^lji 

. tfJ ji i«i> »yfli jr ^6*1, c ^jji ^ 

. oy *J»j-. jj^i o^l- 1 &J&\ jjj^JI j*iJ_, 

JpUI pJl AjaJj t JL^aJI ij^Ar JyijJI ijlkdj 

5UJI ajy jp ^t ( ^T ^1 obj I 

jioi^fl oLj j53j t w; it 
tri 5 *- 5 tO** ' «*!*- Jt>- ^J* 



*ljJ^ Simaetha tu** Delphis ^^tf>T «J»-£\y»*V . <**dl «J* tf 
W ^J*".J tc5^A*JI J^j cJjjUxJL Kp-j&ji iI»JL4# U/^a ^f **>ys* 

^-jJJa ol j i> S^wJl j* IfJ^ J i^a U j*ji)l Ui Selene JXJ «Ju*J> 

MM • 

Lycon bj£J j£«* ^ Jjjlall oL^a* Jj J-*! UaS'Uj 

* 

Eudanlppus isjjw g 5U* ^h^a cu»U J*- 

L^blij syij Jill i^b-j tii'ttj 

•j»lc jfj uon ^jLCai ^ l>Uj ^*;t 

. JjCll |>*jU.I ^^ 1/ >lst Jl l^t J* oVjo 
tf jJU* J «>JI Jl ooi'lj c L.4* cJ*J&-l » Lit j y» 

^ > ji oop ui-T ^t fai J Of vSV 1 uJj t 



-\«A- 



%» 4^ru jr> t ^tj j*i iaL;, j>.i 

. «&L* *ili iw^>- 5Jj <u» jkJ »lk£ jj»«p <ui c-iU Jj ji» j* U j 
. Wj* f l/Sll o^j 4 »l> a** f ^ 
J-L-. SO«-li CJT t *l>. £>) tf is^ij i ^- J iSj& 
SJUJI l^'LL. j Amaryllis ^jA ^j>-l Ji L J^j* 3JUJI 5^*% 
^loJ Ji ioUlj Corydon Oja ij S' t />l J !l Ji 5*1^1 L J^j-j t Jbll 
^ *lj*iJI Js'ilTy ,^jj j» *\e-T l^iTdttJj -i5j«ill jJ^lj Lycldas 
Up !>&. Ojji JI *l>tll dlsljf £^f JU5J j . Tennyson j~X Ji J^ji 
4*Jo*« tUil jj^^i t)i *fU JS* *«nj J j c aJUjJI jUial JMj 6jJ»kj 

j* <*fJlp> ti I* Ji JLwLJ (>>■ jJidll Ja*ujt» ( «J>j)u JUli? Ails' <dU- JJbJI 
jp tU£ uumIj U»U*it tJi jkjuu ^jlwjijU <tf ju . &j>. Ui* 

<_*£' (JIj jj jti jSl j*iJI IJIa l)T J j2!l aLp-j . (juL2>> L»lil (% ^1*>«J 

• M I 

j*iJl \JJ>\ L»jj Ji (JUh^JlAI jJS}\ £yt t jlP L)JA jAJ C ji«JbjJJ JUj 

. l\J-\ ^liil 4-» (Sj^-iS JM 



-w- 




c*UI o^l iju ibtfjn <jU,JI j|ji J jUjji V ^| ^Uj c, Wljft. 

jUx>-vi J4 j Jcji& iw ut.. ju^uijjij a^jjii'icpdhb^ 
■ijtfii ib'Siraujii-c^^tj 9 i^. at J j.i>Ji^m <>.. 

^Lall U.tcj> jj c J-r ixi Jl/ J Ua* Jl UTljUj jjuji 
U* dJUi it j^J , : i^ji^j UilJbft U. dJLo- OIT Jl '•j.fjJI. 

^>^lijUFdliWj» < fr^^l^U, ^.j'sfp^j. 
■>* oUj> ajUjJI Wit ^| ^i ^isarOjWU ujsy . ^ 
dljJV^U >t J u 4*dl\wtt>, ^l^l c^ Jl Aikyptak " a 

jl dma v3i jf ^ JA ^t, ; f j £. gii ^i ^ 

ChandraKuptalj^ b^ljoii^al jtfl ^^ ^ Megasthene* 
J -k-j . r. .. f U Jl^. 4>->t joi ^ v l£ JUjJI p Mourya 

. . . tt.ttll ^ tfl], VljJI' Oji 01 ». : cj.b53l IJU 6 , i^ y iji, 



- n«_ 



Timoeus of Tauromenium ^j-oj^j^ ^ lij . ^-JljjjJl J j** 1 
LfUTj iu-lj O^U^ (r W) til* # Agafliocles jJ^t-t 4 U» oT 4* 

4ji of . ^s jru* *tr j ijai ot j* a^,^. j, ^ . Tju? tin. air, 

J^iOl J aJ*>- i> Ju, a;,, . cro , j^i j^| ^ , ^j., ^ 
' u^-jjll^* «*- u 1 ^> *■*<* OlTj . U#l v utfll oljjOjiiljJ-l 

jjw j*.j« y^i, c Ji-jJij Jjui j*j\ J o^jj" ^ 

V«!l *S^j a>.l Lycortas ^tjj^J ojJIj OlSj . Y»A f 1 * ^VS^,T J 
<j*>V j*-l JiPj ; \S\ ^U *4jj j JL-L* i,^ J ^1 jU t ot"i|| 

Ji LU tfB.fl t <r °m fl» J ( Hipparchos u-jS'jU ) i*R\ 
-VaJI I^JUi ot oUjJI i\J ,>■ <jt i»i. : ^bLi ^ Tys'^ j^' 
Jl u*Iaj o^ll *l^i ,>• till IjJUt j^JUi ^^j, UjuAJ v^ 1 

ju uip ^ &• jdi j jbj . ( nv ) j-jJj. ^ oir, t i.j^ 
JUIij ljA\ C jJ\ ^iiwij* J^i IT 1^., ( JJi f ^T V* 

U^ij t 4JAJ* 4J JJb >^^fl jjL- J^j^ . ^iJb- ^t ^ jjffJUl Jijl 

:^ J: iS\ a J^ g]j t t>JUd.l OUjjJlJ^iJ CJIT Jll OjjuJI SjfUl ji 



-\u- 



*w*u J -a j>- ju Ji da> jj oisj . (u*\) $*jj <j>>-T (>■ vk* 

»li ai 4iT J dli ^ L. j t 1,Ip juJI Uju» c JUjjJI ^jrJI ,j-k? «>*.» 

^ui ^ ^ i_>j~ oT oljvi ^*»j J j^i jiojj t J ijis'oii-iU;! 

JjislJ^lji. Jt>- J UIp (jo- ^jjJjJ (jSU 1 ol 0»uj . pjp Js-I J*aii 
iUj c ijC-JI 0>iH J iUj : i'tAill ^l-^J J*JI j>. £jdl U* 
c CJI^I SjUI oy IT oUj . >^l ^.jljdl v^O ' i>-^jA» 
4jlill iL l)1 JUo t JU* 5l»-j £* JUIp j*j «lj>- j^fc ja Jail* JLai 

jj[ JULiI If ju»jI J] TjUw gjUl (-JS' ^U-j Jai lJ»jju LJ j 

4jL£) \4*j>j Jll &£l u^lSO . .t-»^j t jU-.lj t > ^i jj-jJjj 
Jj c »_— >J OUjJl iS; ipfc t^^Sv jt JUoi j£j ii t JlkM iu.lj &>• 
*U^ (Ja-jdl ^^ll j>Jl f\ (^T ) ( AIT 1UII » £;jU ty^^d ^ 

oUji JII SjLill J ^Ul pjkll ijfla jTj, y* i.jj Ol J^ j-Ai 
* *JaIj>- jj* itjj J*f i| iwl*- 50>-j Aibf Je /U»l IJlij t If'-jji 

Jilj t i.jj l^o^»l Jll j;L,jJi ^UjLall J»-JI J»yi ^jij 

JUa» j* Jp U 1,51- Jll ^fc «J» jJiJl L)t ijjllu jjl ^JU tf j^JJ 
v U«p)H JbJi Otfj . <*»> i»-jd» ^.^11 j>JI jIIp Jp 5>;JI < l^. 



•kry-yjfl ^U«JI £S& 0>*aa ^ j*ij 6lO • j*- ^^ J fj>- 

• * 1 1 

— **JJ JJ?** J* £jJ*J jjli-O; 4-jiH « Jalsil jji*A!l 8 Ji>^ S jjJii 

V- tsa»» Jit y* s>ji oa* cjit, . cro^im <>i ^.^i ^jji 

. • -r< ap «jjt ibS" J. 

IjjtiUjT _ ^A Ijtj jiOJI dkJjt «j& *JjlL ^.jUI t)t Jp ^^ 
£ djLL-l ^p <_>Upplj ji»ii iljJb^i _> * 4JLP Jp M^pl'Jjb tuot Jp 

tfOii ^1 ^ j* yiLj ji uU j* ju-Ip j*j ^rtrr ju j>i 

cr 51 Jj-j J^J Uim fJS ^i *i»r" Jl Jj! «-Vj ' J^ «> l 
jOi tSia *fijli J«f of f >j -J} Jjij . ^{jJjji J JU* </ 



J*JI £ jj:i JwJl jfc \Ji i : JiiC fcaL. V JJ-I «JU 5jU 

» ft V— ■ t 

U <_>>,., . <«>p Ojii J JjUJI > ^i J^o; 5aJp j. l^lvi 

^llj" oVjUUj jjuii jjlj jp «_*£& at jw;^^! ou^i 

«ijbll ijSC dflJLj i uu-o'Sl **\A rf ti\f*M o* j^tS ^rM W** 
SkjiUI 4*«iLJI SUJI1 jI4p}^ JUj j«m dj ii ^Jlll *»y*» ^ ^Ull iJ jL-J 

til \r\jr o* *JT" cX*" 4 ' /^ f * ^J*"** ""^J V' <J* *■•*' *^*" 
1^ *U^ ^ijljsll ^ji IS} a;T jJ&u ^JUlj . <^t ;^l il*. Ai ; t 



-\u- 



Jp L jST o jUaal j t Cr>-S^ a* -^ -A 1 "^-J ' SJU "^' V^jJI CijH 

4jl£jt4«LjT OljjJ ti| iL*? \p-uii «„a» 4.kj«Jjj l 4*»LJlj i-^jJ-I Ojii 

ft 

t^jUIl >£ -*>■ Jl J«U1I flJUJl ^j «Lff Obl>i-l ^ dHi 4-JI ^t 

j u^lu ^ jipij ^ :j bii iur ,j oii>ji v^u?» >>i ^ air *ii 

V-^^ ^1 U 4-JV UJb-j jSliLI C>t iijal illij lo»Jj» 4i^l j* i UU 
x.^nillj 4JU»Ul lijjlj. >* ^ j* VI *J i~»V ^lU it j * Ujwi'j 



«L 4Jj . Otf j Cj««jI i£4JI JlijJl lUil *Ul «^ J ljj-S£l i-a-aIIj 
•juJl! j%JI JjjXiUI lljlLl OlSjctfVja JpI ajtllj j*l>l «>>J-I 
2*k3l 61 US lil aJLJ UJj c ^Sjidl ^ jJSOIi j»ajS; OjU LjKj Ji 

.^JJI IjTl j*i <-ijL-t ^ Nl»- Ji ^ ^ 1 ^Jtfl c 4*aill.j b-^AJDI 

10* J^j . J^l jJjJI ^iiH & 0\J*i\ j&\ ^y.j c 4uJU 
£*» ^ ^v^^tic^J Portland a*5bjjj * j*> J «j*Ui» J»-tj ^1 



. «i,.u-l ^ j 3jr#J l-j*. 0^0 ^JiSJf ^jll J iUdl 
«^v<> • ct5 Uiu" VW «JuJBIj oN^I Cob jlj $ ttljdl o^k 

•^^* ^M \j- h j&ty J t y • f u jij^ 5jc juai i ob oi> j ». 

Ol^ 4jij^ otuijUJI jjji. J J^j ,>^ J^ilj »UL jUlpjt 
u*«. J *'j& ^bUl 5J VI J^jU & jULl CJIT, c t>*jUl 3j~ 

4>£j-l 4j& > C*u^»tj *wlj S^Ji 0u2~*jU S ^ u" *•** Jtf j 

Aristoxenus u *>s-&*jTi r £*HA ^ Jj . SJUII **jj>-t « ^ttf 
^ OjU* iU-^fi apljS ^4; 5>w» aJUj t jk-jt JUt 1 ^Ijbll 
^jrSs^J OIT, . y^yll ob jkll J Ji ^ ^JUI ^ jtf ^ 
tfJjiJ • *L*j j«*j* 4a-}UI JwiJu 1 LT A-w i £ bU- ^-j la* 
vUtW 0* JUw b : oJbu j.. sytT JL^-T l,Lic* cjIjLp J *lj» ^j-ttf 4^ 
*Ui!l U^Ip ^j J^i cjxJ ot Jbuj t J^l jji Jp i >#J J» 

« 

I^Ip lap oi jajJI o^l L->; j^'jU ^ JJUI ^l 5 jLP l»t 

^' ^ J • ~**JJ ill ^ *W" tf^l JWJjjJ t5j* Jl «r-i <dlJS" £~e J5 j ( « ) 

. Jttu jJI cWU j 



^1 IJU J^JSl JUjJI Sj^JI ji <tf Je t LajUT^j ^jty j, J4S-J 

s V-i'uH* •JS'U 1 *^jWIj Sju*II Sjj^ll o>» : J»lc^ll j* .kU 
jT^Ll ^jt l^JJ ,j-jli J» . <_»>ll ^ «.L5Jlj ^j*JIj ^Iji^ll Clrfo j 
tSjjjlljl^l Lb Oij . S^tfltj i^l JUJI b\*J C-l» tf Oiill JUjJl 

j,*! ojl. ^ Jit Ji>.T iJitj c ibjJij SjJu Jjt ^^p J Ljss' Tjl.i»- 

ipjUl l^oi" ^^, J (£j\J. jill J ij-Udl 4p>JI CJtfj . 4JjjA 

i iUlilij c ^b^ij t JiU^/ij -riytfi J j t .£u fit; J ijjuJi 
jjij < Jl^-Sflj 1 4*JjJI J>-lallj c OjJl Jj>- i.Ull juJl oo>-Tj 

. JtjJl <J9> jllj JaJaidl ji 4J ^ 1W UlJL, il ^1 ^t &j& J>fl S 

lijlJI iLXii'tj . i^Ji\ S^-ljJI OjJb iwi a^W jJUJ-l oJ*T IT 

JiV wJj £jljA l^« OlTj c j_^l ,11 Hippodamus w^j** jl jtjo 

c^Ai^l l^PjIyLj jajj j^jt fciJL.iUlSj . fb^l dJli'J JiJI JJUj 
.J*^ 5JU^ Ujt CJlTiJUiUI OJdl ^jlyi >*. ^I.^l jS"\ j<Jj 



- UA- 



>il jlS" tjill J*JI (_-* jll^^aU i.UJl aL^I Cossoiius^j-j-Jj-jS" 
y>j tjjllll ^ijil TdSjJ^JI lif. u *j?j**jS%L» OlTj— AU?t J *L 
Ji (* *". J J ^ u"Jii J^i* j^ , - i -' s i-J • ^jJI i>JL\«ll J& itjj aLVl 

jj^aJl «L» Lai* lil£. olS* **»_*• J jJ^jJ «Uj c5-JJl jp^Jl *J£\ 
0" jJp JUj lj.aw j£Jj c 49^ii« ^k» ^1 JS^ IJi* (j-» Jri A J • ^i**^ 
-iir Jlij . L^jt J Jiiaj dVlji^ UlT^uilijJI vlJhJlj JaJaidl 
tJ CJIS" ij^» tf- \jktS" l5"jJbT Jxj* JpIjS jp t^jli'* ci tJj^^ 
<y tfU pljiV jl ijljJI JUP^AJ l*^\ i+i*Jb\ JUL 4>i> lfr.Lt 
iJUl ^ T^iT S-jS^ J Jbll ojy^ ^Istj . ^^Iljt SJUjJI U - )!! 

<j ■>' JJ ^M 5 *i bJ1 (Jr^ 1 -> 1,s ^J ' J^J ^Jj 51 oli ^-^il 1 
<jl jj • V"J^« > " J 41 kji.. «*l O* f LjII «i* J Jlji Vj t LU-L* 
t jy-li UjL^il c-plil Jl «*UJI JUL ijxSL^II tiJLi SllkJI 

jiil JUp- dJlill ^j-Jlaj jUj . j"Sll J- Jjj ,1 Jlil oJl*. ^ txA j£j j 
ojlii>- ilij t ijlijjl JtAfe-^l ^»p. ^y j\j&\ y 1, U >Ji y> IJL*» 
SUiJt>> ^jri C-fcil Li jil (_Jj . otlij Iji >Asj-j /J** Sjj J>- (J M^iJi' »^Lim 
J >cj i dull ^ l*jtf.jt lj>^f j t Priene J.>,j t u-^^* J *^^ 
OL-ji^u iLtj ; ^j-il J u^J^ vUWl jlJ.1 »t ! . lt jfM -L> 
£mj\ Ll** (j-Ja^* j;" >^j^L LAja J u -u»ij t Paeonius ^jfja, 
IXP^ Olw JljJ^j ^ ( f i \ - . f . J VH ) jfi \cjs IJU ,>• 



-m- 



t \AVA ^Ip J OU^II AiiTtsJill CjlJI aJIJUI a -.jiJ gciJU vU; Jlil 
L)bpjA# CJlSj . ijjjj fj j?\3b\ p>j*-j> Cf&C* J Jap tJJbi o«Lj l^ilc-l j 

*«lj j" ^j jjjii 30*15)1 j* Uoi ,>J^Jj 3U J^- Otfj v 0^ .:i 
M jl yjbi Sjl^j 1^1^ ;u* iTj t fl/Sfl ill; J 4. cJb jl u 



(T A* tf ^cliOllW- V» ) 



_\Y»- 



Vj i 4jL,aii jjoi j^jj ajjjii oji^ ^ 4»uai j^ ^ jj^'i 

* • 

Ijj Jj (1)1 (l)j*Jai"«J Jjill ,>*tL«U 4*IIp Tjj>-I I Jilj t Ifj l)j^*«J ■ JJ<*i 

fi * 

-j£^uJ JLLJJAI Oall ^p-CJlSj i 01 jJi-l lr jj jJ JN JJUjM o* *L-j 
f j-j J* Vi l^ J- (I j»all o^J < ^"jJ» **rf 4* J «L j^JI 
V VLmJ £# tfJB JU1I isj^X\ J-lf-jj^ £■*" <^jJI a*, ^j 




vi 



! -l 



■ } 
r> 



i 






- m - 



Ij .^P 4* (>J JJ^JI C)i I ,j*&s*>\ ojT jj . Jaill j* _>>^J j»«Jl l_5j f 
Cj*jCj 4Lp Ci*» ( v-iU*p^M til jfrJb T^wJ iUaJI ys^Ktj l##il» J,A 

O^SJI Jk-jjr* Jj^yj) Milanthus L y^'^ A ^J • Cf*>y& V*^ 
«-J Viil Archestratus o'fls^J *Hj SUkJI /yjA^fjj^ai^ljll 
.JlJ-.^aNeacles>J^J OUill *j jit b*^lj L»» \j> m y*Z 4+>,j}-\ "^y 
JjlLj 61 ik^t Jp a*l>.j ^Ijl JJj t Sjj^aJl Jp Jfj l)T ^Jljl 
-.^J^j 11 LU 5jj^ • jJT U U *J| j. ./tftfj*! Sj^» ^JljT s J>aJt 
IjJVJIj «^ ^SatyrSjoU jj^»Protogenes j&£jj> % &lOj>\J*>\ Jjij 
ij-k-ly-t ii-U>. S>-ji OUjVI ■(>• J*^l •jj** cjJj a»j J>^- Sjj*> 

«j^» Jl»* ,j*U\ jJi ^>- _/UaI) SjJ** JtUw JJ**M I* f C 4oLj 

<Jl (j-UIl .frjj ^a'l ) lalylsus^-j-Jlj 3jj*» Cju^JI iulJLII tfjj*,* Jp 

oj»«o ,y «_-,ip 4* jd* jjj Oi Jlij . IfL* LWI SLkll ykOll <JI jt U lj| 
ii c Uoly» iji>^j ^j-JL i-JS"'-* ,>* JaiLA ^ill JO jJI jj-nfij <!)! jp 

OjMI & Ui i)l&l dlli J c^J l V^* 11 ^ J* J^ 1 W* 

•Ja tils ^sJ Ul **JJ; J jUl J*ii ot cjT ^ijj Sjijsr-jOL-jjJj 
II* OBj t At*s ti jUJ-l *Uft J*JI j» jo/jjj ^ufci ^Ij . Sjj-^JI 
: aJu-j 4J] t/'jij^tA oIpJUwiIj . S^L* (juijJuili «J»*-j jW- »U1 ^ijll 

( r-^ 1 ) ■ > u W .^^J *" T >*' * a - 1 J' > 6I -^ C« ) 



- m- 



jufjji *il?-l» V uw>*AI Ci* a ^ J** lS " ^i"^ 1 -J 1 ^ J^' 1 * f^ V'H 
Jp *il ^ajj JaI Jp ^>l Ji" U'l ilil •Jjpt Jt dJIi i : *lji 

U jjj^-^tjt l$L*»J Sjj*al) «>■> 0j!&) V[ V-laJl jtldl Ij^JsO-i 

l(ip USC?- lii )'->jjJI Jp h jU- SU-I ,y aJIsJ- Si jk; U j*ai«i«l (>sm 
iuJJl it jrill Jp IjTpl ^ii t ( tfl^c <i j>JI & ^ Ji" ^ 

^jTja U J& lj&»l JL« 6jJL>iUI JjJLill l.l jws^l £• *Lp*Ij 

Jt jrfli Jp J v ^y.j^jj^i •& J^ [ ^ t**-^ ^ ^ J 
•ijsttLI jj*JI «JU J| IjiLii <c . S-ijJjloUljJ-1 j c «>j±U J^J 1 -* 

Sosus j./'j-j*- OlSj • *^-*-5il u-j^ 1 a* V J^ ^ J*J ' j-^-'j 

, .- - 

^t ^'jAvduj iiUII »Lify its ^- u)j*»jj (jjj)l *Vjf- OjjXj 



-ur 



PjfJ Pornographoi and rhparoeraphoi jU»VIj ip«i)l ^jjj-^i 
jj ri Jli. U-t j jbnj Jij . lf.U-1 ^t »J-I .J* U Jii*i ^ ili oujji 

'" ' » t 

^ y> ^.Ij baJ iijj^ ^j t t^* J^l ,j p '^fi* '**?"* ij ^ * 
Jl SJlLi^l S^IJlV-'The Aldorbrandini Wedding Jj^ji^ 1 " 

SpIjJJIlI*; Rubens >. jjtfJdjW ^t-jW jj«* Vi-* f^~} &**&*$ 

ijyp is j . OjUl JJU j*}» J* 1^' "'J 7 ^V'J • V* • J J** 1 u^S-i*.^ 
Vi t ^1 oV Ji >j* iji f 1 «^li «■ * 1 ^ 1 u*«i J ^i ^V t a 4 J 1 ^ 

VV JIj J->4j>"" u^J • £JM 0>5JI j ^; JUji J^ jp fl jfc, 
bilji^l jJU j . OjU-m jj^J tri*^^ { v i ^ J*> fc /""i v ci"i*Oj 
,y l,i If JlJ't ^1 j* -, J\ IJbk j o^J^I jj-* J ^ tobU J> jlt«j 
JjUttltt-.jfUf.ty oJu ^ Jltl.Uftjy' it tilt Ji fct illi , J^l 
Oyj*. ljilT,>jjty oJUll ^ J-- $ v* ^ J * ^^r^ ^ U* 



-m- 



5Lsc Sj^JI cJi, j^\ u iJl ^U- Ji 1,^*0 «vJj lij ^t OjL" 
^»ai UU a ui" l^ljlt &£* *L;L-Jll j- «Lu JI /if j t OUjJl 4jL/y 

a* VJ'Ji s Jj*^i ^ «^li V^ fr**i (S.j>. ' u^j*-i Wlj Jic Sjj^. 

Uf. viX OUUI OlS-jJl iljjJj JI jJjJI ^ jj-t aij . »Uit Jlx l^^ 
*UITU Jp Wall j£ 1,1. J, U ^1 j i tiJL Tj> . . w » Ip J ^U 

4*-w>- ij-*l 4»j jA^\*»^|l t££ l^ii . SjS j Jpl ji yt Sjj^all sJLa <o jbt 
_^b Jp jA j ^il 4>.jji c *IU Sjl Oij ^^JLlI g* j ^ flj *i ^iiilj 
Ijta SjS^ jp »U»1 ***j VI wUw Vj 4 Bucephalus ^jdj^jt oji_j>- 

**-!»^- c3 (ji? J ' u^SUll tjw -uU! ^^Jil i-\a& ,y Jap III Jlij . ij ^A-l 
( Ja^l 4i4„«» _,£ *"0« ,>• lj^ is^iJ • J-A^-'VI »«j j^ AjJ» 

( 5Jlill «cs*k. JI astji j&£jy\ & ) jkUl y> 4J ^ya U *jU > 

JLj t jt-J^X. I jI2J ^^ill 0L-> .>«,- j . JjJ-lj jlill; *J^ *4^JJ 

Jjir y» apXIj Sj^uaJl »jla J L. jJj . «.|jil J UjLi jJl^jVI w-tj 
«Ju J ^Ij J,?-? jS^lj t jXCVI 4>-j J SJliJ.1 SjC^II i_aUIjJI 

. 4Ak2il oJUh 



jjijj-ij c ^jiyJij jjaJij « jj^Jiij jrui cjir jl5» t j^iui 

Cij til Ji2 2JU' JJlc CJlTj . iJljfU j JUI JO jaIIw j* \jtfj 

^jj-oJ ijJj" Eutychides of Sicyon (jj-.CJI j> m &&y m *w» oij 
£JJ *j» Jls 1 J*J-I jUi 1 Clx^aJI jJIS Uiyft y Uajt 4iJil Lysippu* 
Cephlsodotus^j^jJj^i^jTImachus^j^ljf J^»ljj . l^Uj fcjjll 
0>.a5^ cJLt ^'^jJLII Jj . «,>« Jjrtll c*Jl aJU; >JLu^j k.1 
Jij&l i***,*)! *»j*^ cJ- o»- jm»W Damphon of McsseneJjJW 

• * 4 * ** 

n 

^Ifc oli c*JI J S-jJL. lUUJI 0J3I J ^ijj ojij>. J chi ) 

air, . *,> s^ jiftij >, tf » Jb Jji o>. jp i^ jt-ijii j& 

IjijlT-w*. ^-.aJI JJ Helios ^-jjU jjjjl , i^i Jtc l^^Ji^t 



-m- 

jijte'oHi^il.jJ Jji'j . YA^Ip Jijs-Chares of Lindus ^- jJdll 

Ua j& jlj . Jl&lfT -Laches of "Lindus ^-jXUI j^ Ob < U> 
^0» 3U ^li'jl Ji jJL.j *JU- Jl t.12, Oir Jj tijil «3> tilli JI&I 
j»Uali^ «fc»«a OlT^ijj J*l Jjji Olj j*J-\ lift fj-jij 4 ^lOit ^-i'j 

jjMll Jb-t J j^Ji Jls? Sjj^p iiU- d&j - ^jjj I,- g*s Jll 

jij"i 4jjj /uU^i Oij t *-&l_)Jij *»lf*l {jij^ r^"* cy *JW"j" <v* *kf"j» 

. Jp s^y>-i cw-"4»j - *jj a\)i} caL 41-uu; ob c 4*. s^ jsi 

. , o»c»> 5j4> j| 

£"" i>" ^ j 9 ^ ****$ *t£jW\ AJj^t J Jl^l la* f-jUi OlSj 

lift OUU- J * \0«1 ^Ip LJp JJpj t U SJ jJ*\j*V\ j<a£ J 
. aUiJI J»> Jl Sj»l2ll ^ Ud ^-i. j jj^Jj ai, i # >| Jit/ jtBjl £j ( • ) 



~ NYV — 

v*JJS*j$3 ' Polydorus jjOjjJJjj « Agesandar j-U->-t l^ 
S^h^ JAUWI jf JUJIO jill dfl^jJij.' »jS 0*^ Athenodorus 
J^« J j#l J^ U OI^j *^JI V <i UU»il y 1 ^ Ifrii*' J* J»j 

Timeo Danaos UoAl IJ| OjL.*i- fj^ t)l»jJl^i>-i J} » i Jfj-j* 
<Jp 4jbJ it OUjJl ^J. J3l brf? Oil jtj » <W et dona ferenles 

d)j!liLl jU-l ail j . l jcJ-l *-jl*il «* ^ IjjUj U**- ^L>-i c-ixi» C>t* 
( (J -Z~£li J >]&*. *«iJ i'jU-t U j ) 4«il J^^J o jl>-T U * f -i»'^ 

- f 'j J t>* J^l ^J" J ^_J J&y ***&& ^$3j l IjAi J$l tf- Ijjw* 

1+j* 0i»0j jT^I J L.} « ^jJbV SiU SU-I Jj .-oSlI J £ll 01 
J** byt jjt LT jit ^ l^f >Ulj t ^ > Ulji c*b Ji l^li 
. JLfcN OLSIj S /ill fcl^, j* bil^l ji tf aJI ot Jp . <**) c-UI 
y-rj ' ^ill ^£11 «J»l>T j^Ij i \^ ^Syji o^UJI 01 <*»' 
bi jp J UUfj . Jii»cllj aai ,y jiS" J dli, SpU» \*~o Ji 4iJJ j 



J £-Jl Ua. ^j Bernini Juj- £-. ,y ilS-lUIl j. Jll feUI ^IjJJIj ( * ) 
^^pt ai li» ^j iySSj ^ . Si jTjll I^ju-j «>j*il Jp JUil L,:! j» « WJe-Lu 
t-U JiS J liUT JJjj ol Jo Uy *L» j Iji ^- Letting £-J > IjU*! «j**lli 

. s^jij i-i_^ j tf jt.] jjU iAj». jjjjj j,t jjt, ^. jjii i^ij ^ t jy.i 



-UA- 



. ft") OJOII jiJl Jl*T j, 
^j^aJI IJA J O.J Sj»lj jj«jlJL« l5j>-i A-i^Ji J^'j - " <3 ^-"l»J 

t.l»t Ic Jiiai Ji t JjjUI l^-jU *b)t J sysT Tjlj, l^'L. cJaJj 

j* oliii mi ji^i ^ j, l. jr, t jupT , suu oujji o^ui 

!)lik ^i* *u- oX** tgJtllj Ol^jiUll <Ju*£« J Ji^ljjijll JJI JltC 
tJUjj JliiCj^ Jij . aSL^J J jpl lftji*u J3l Itlji ^ip *£-«■ J) J^y 
l^IT Ij—a-T *l^53l rp -&Jj** j& iaJUaJ CojIjJI tf liJp IJU<9 j* 
. Jj«la*»l «_ji>*l* ^3 J?ji*Mj jJU&*»^|l OjjUj Ua>- .j**"^ i1>jjUI 

^1 aJjU.1 i^ljiVlj t p^'j <u^Jj i£j* C^Jlj ( «w.--bll 4i2i« aL?- 
Carial»j^Jl>-l ^TrallaSjjJIjj J u -X-j_)jj u ^jJjIj|(--^j . ^ij-^JI 

**ll (!)>l OjAj ,j*»jj Ji'jJI ^ 4*3**P 4Pj*j£ .* .J \0« Jlj>- 

Antiope Uj^*' I-h*' U«U*o*U l^ j/ ; j^i^-j jy <jj Jl l^UiJjj 
V** f->*V. tj_> . t * ) tr iJI 4»U; Tibial iuk. L^lj LfJj jk; Jll 

Ot W ilj! aU j t IjJp twt J*fli ^ l^p-t SJUjJI SilisJl aj y<iJ 1-P 

■slT^T oLLf- Jj jic ^-iUI 6_,S)I j JU ai_, . «IU* 3*j*il oi» J-»' j ( » ) 
JSL. I^Jjj t (jV3l.ll ^Jlill 6^211 j Ifle IJjij v'-JJ v'-^J **— ' J* Cararcalla 



m- 



<J4»*U (J *kj«il yv«I^I (iUII 3jj*» (J If-* »>*** JaS Cm4j Jjj 
^lp ijyp ^»J — ^ ^Ijjlj ^-J^J Ua>- 5\p*ll 8jj»,aJl jj i ,jJj^$Jl 

* fjrji u^Ji/^ u'JiJ c?^ 5apl! J> <> *** O^tf JM JiJ» 

^J*"J of*i cfl-t « V\/-* ^ fyr* tut >V.J l fU-j»jVl JOJti 
J JIS* Htjcatc J£* Uyij « Scopes ^jCl Jji^Ji^J^ 

jij i^T ^j*v Ji ^ai ^jijj ^ aj u U ^i uu air, 

csoll^l ^j, j.^tj l^ /A; , jtsJl u^l gj. T^ J^j iSi 

■ — " — — -i i i r-iinr.u_. 

. **jj j Mumo dalle Ttrrmt tfj ijmju j ( • ) 



JijisM Lodovisi Hera lj*i5>ij>jjJliJ:\jAtricoli d^J^J^s* 
4*n J& (1)1 (Jp *1*- "W^l ^.^ J ^^ \+r V s ?"*' ■*•-> ' \Jj<^*>£* <j 
U . ^.j ci>>- aJI U»Ijl*T 3L2J*. OtjlTj; Lf.VlJlLt JJ ^ ,jJl» 

4&TJJ 4 J 1 *" *^J ' J^* ^^J ' £*%£* 4lS" i**a)l-4A— >-j — jj-jj-J 

*-£ /I cfJJl JljJI tiAli If-* JU CJlS'Sjill otf- Uajj .^^p -JT 
«iUi U> rjA Jlii JojiT Ut B ? l^iJLA Oj£j t)T ^ liL. : Ja» Jb-t 4^ 
jJIa j* aOp Jj Oij \ fJcr-j boL> Vj, IoUp J \^e JiV JJl£ j^mJI 

JliC 4jM jJUjJLa SjA j -j»li 4J iJ»jyJtlj jijUl <Ji»c* J Jiji^l tyjJ?* 
J Jl^l IJLa Jp JU Jij . i!)Ul JJ JliJl OjJjII J 1^ J*^t JUj. 
•cjjjj-l IjJIp CJSJJi SUpUII ^y hMi j* <_ i^illi \AY» fl" o'^k* 
<3alj-» ^ ij>-U 4fi*lj ^UaJjII jJL«j>-i OlS"Ujj c Sandos ^j-AiL" 
<saldl JlSfl (JU C£ tfJUl j* 1 Vjt JU*»» 4-i ^j tfJJI d&JUII 

4Pj^jU Jl£l 4>-J 41 Obji^Jlll Jijll J^ldUS Jl&l 4>.jJ ^j 
4»waJl« "JaC <~£ JfjJ-\ J&j C Jllil li* J* tijal 49*i,a]| J tSjy* 

^jui- Jj>ji ^^i dUi v t5y iu> j . ^Ujjji i^jj? jy-i ijis« jji 



4f >il t >*. i j Jlsllj lijj j. ^Jjifll ui»^* j Jiji* Jj^ll JUJlj < * ) 



-\n- 



JUJ-I ijt^A <*>cAfM ^liilS u-jJjtVauM Callpyge 

Nike jO Jtec ^1 J I^JJW *U ^A, • Sj^Jl J y^y. 
^t cfll ^ c NAir f U Ol&l dfli J Jri ^ u-iJ'V > ^ 
^j J«£ VZfe-J—sIl 5A1 iLb aij . c **>y^l c>^ J O^JI ^1>T 

. cj*M Ji *»*j*J 4 "^J^ *«*" ("**• i> ^r* tf*^ ^ 
^ ^Jll ^Jll o^ &iJI ibJLf u^JI l^V *t jljjl Jl J^j 

jfl j^ sU.1 J> C jju tfJUi sTjli *u y» ,> jrt jji a^Ji ^» 
j>ji u Ji* it awn Mjt uVj t suu Ji^M «il <~& r-4 

it gkJ SjU>- 01 tf^*J . *Vr y^ Fausl ^--J* u* !j T^ 
. ojU ^ iifi\» JUjt SjUL 4M* otj JlSli ia» J j£* 

^1 ,» r< Objl #011 OjM * i>i u ^ ^ & h 

^ ,>U UU ui) Ot Uj . ">1 Vj AH* 0" J*" 1 ^ ^ W u* 
SLU ,J L. Ijhc Ot fs*j V*iJ ,>^H Jl IjlBl C J*t U !^f 

i --- i i in " 

Jul ,>sCij . f J r«i fU v*-^ 1 u-f^*- vj* Jj^ 1 u*W^ J* 1*^ •j 1 -*' 1 

< If ji j« rf^' *S> jt y »A ) j-j^ «>« 1L» li JlfiA li* J*r JJ J>. *<Ji-' 
4 jUII o-j*^ > ^jjj i IjijLj t yjJii J>1-1 l,J *j-*al JI tf>W u »> 



->H- 



**V ^j 4 o^WI UU- ,>» cib-i Hermaphrodite <£*>•> 
J J' ' ^JJ J W*JJi o^J** tJ J' 4 Jj-lai-lj iltaUll «Jl>0 J 

c SklL. 2Lu> oliij Ojii JJ&I aJU <j Jlit^l OIT, . Jji\ C»ca> 
JJli «^jUI jf>i\ ps&3 i *Ji ,y «> 2> csJUl f*Jl iSjT 
ild f 131 cjUI Jtr JjtlVl j, ot^JI UU j.U JrJj . w Sjj , 
BoSthus "^-Sjji Jl JbVl LU t5>.j c *&-j J dU^fl J>* tfjjlj 

^^ll ol jJUIjT Munich £j.« J lifee" J»j«A Jjy. ji '4j^T utill 
j <l)j**aj IjiiSj . JjU ou*x* J -tji^l i£j£jl ( _ f JJL» Jlt*£" 
Jll SjTUil ««l£l JJ-lj uJ^jjdll uoa>.jJl >jjv u« Sye* »^\j» 

• uil All Jl Oj.J»^l U j j» 



. ^ ajji ci-s. j (..) 



-wr- 



t&j&t 



jiUi j^jji j 6\^»j ^aii j>ji jp jtjji JuisCai |U»i 01 

OM^dkXA JT Jiia-I 05Jj . JJUI^I I,- jbr Jl ^Ua^l ^ 
•IpjIWIjT c dJk^. J^iU 4l)l JlUa ^MJIi Jtftf * J*c>.l U ^ 

m m 

Oywu* Oaij OjJbill U oil . ^ ^ Jjr j -.j t j&Jl J 

<JfcO « i^y «J»>«i# J Subiaco jS'U* i^U Jlix IS y>lfi : Jl j 
>» J JUW Stall j t OlC'UJI Jt.*** J c(Adriadne)**Ul Ja,^t 
A^Jkj i «j j- ^ U J JJ*<rf JJUJ iU»ly l^jji ..ifll 

Jii » yij»vi » ^M a^ju, ^1 diii ji> ft»jt j jjiiii „ 
. ^ui Ojai jUj '{jm jij\ ji ^ ,>. Jl u^ ^ 1 y ir r 'i Jj 

&\j\ ^ & yi jfc, j, « ^^ c u^/i ^ ouyi y 1 >n jju" 



— \ri — 

• Ifr'iji J*^' JUJJ 'J3I Sijjdl OljlUl oAj>-jjt t j-jJ jJl OjJ IjOlil 

t C *>,>WI Jp j£-j t^u-l* tui. l>jP p.*fej t fcJi2l ilrty 
u^J Js 3 *- *jr j u* »!•*# I j o^liiA^ U ^ jj-^ J Ij^. it lj^>U 

OUj^ j4 ja \j&j OUva^lj Jjj^l Uj*^J l31j*$l J uiJ^'j 

Sijj^ ojj>*4* j^wjj t Jl'jJ'c^j'^JI iHW Eutliydemus a «j^ji 
IjTjiT Jiij . iijjjjJ «J^:« J tjiil jj«ll 3jJ\ S^l JlicT 
*|UU" J Ijij^ c)t J Ijm ji jlj . UaiJj SU-I jAlli. £jtf- Ij^tj 

• » 4 • * * 

« vU 11 u° J *j* »'j t v Ji - Jiy u*" J 3 *^* i - i **- ^^ ^ » ( * ) 
i >mU'j u-u-'i i^^ii J JUjJi ^ J ^ii jSHi jsi ^ o^-j ai ' « wo^j* 



-\ro- 



ijS^iit fjd\ ^ijsi j^i\ jj-jjjit Jii J»yJi i^. ojiuii *v> 

. hjJ^\ SU-I 
.L*IpL£j>. jJUoj t)i (Jp 4i«p 4PjliaJ Oj&Ju J JJC*-« ,j*jb *C j-Jj 

4^ I^U i^ Ji*^. tf J^T Li { J-iUI ^wJI J3UmJI.Jp ^U 
Lili ^ U air LP oui5L of JJ OUjJI **• **»» ?\s*y ^ £>fc 
^Ijc j&iVI 5ji j *iiji ^poJI dilij >y b'i ^ . UUI SjUJ-l -J 

.4? Ijil Jp i«b)l S^kuJI 4) C^w^T l)I JUi jiHvjU«£U ljS"*tfiyu IJL» 

JLo c SU-I J f& JpT aSUL jSO ^ ilj t UT f jJoV cjLi 11 iis'ilj 

c j^UI J J}U*-jVl i^ao i_o OSi . £j*aJlj 4>-j>«~£]l JI4P JJs otj 
Cjs-jj «-jl*5lj J^^llj jjjJ! J L4LP J-*J ci^l J>Ijp oJbttj 

Jl 4ij ji ij ji c ^ UjJI aaJUJI j * jUllCit if c JIj'jJI jill fcUut itfiljjl 
J* ^jw»J fr'j^" Vj J^-l* 0UjJl. f U £- ^ I j^JI iUIi fljT >T 

iliUJI J^JJI OJUj 4\jap jltTj iob Sji i^U aJUb jlTjl C Jj^l 

doll »JL» J j . 4* iLu^tfJJI ^w}l II* (j U, jITU Ji. J j^l o^ll J 

. jlUI *% JL. Ji Lp^Jj 3, jj VTj^-j 



jt jjl ^Jl a* Sj j3 

l^tTiJjRI Ot dlli.. JL^Jill ^>JI a* S^ji £JUII 0_^5J1 Vj 4 JuUUIl 

SL* ^ aJC J>.U Jp ic'UII SJUjJI Ooll Jl J-jt >uC^I it £*> 
cfe4l 4LO UiTj c fclijJI Will JlC^y at £J,- jl UUldMill ^Ijll 
Jfc-jAI ^^1 j>J\ &> f> Ijm^j c WIjJI^UjoUTj^ airmail 

a>lLI JljjJ il^Oij . flj flja JWI Ojjoo IUjjj jjJlTJ **jj 
i HJ4I j.- Ul ^ J jfll. j,s1 4 iljttl S^L.j c apU-JI 

r • 




4 






1 



- Ji> cm <M £"*>■ <w/- vUisii cj>3i -j^, ji^ d.j^j 
tt> £i>t csirur j^Tj ^T MjJi j^iji.^ c^-^T of 

(lijty Jp Wail *£«a»£»l oi 4*41 eij^ jji.JjVl.Jij>! JUJ9I 
iwllit \* fj\fr Wall y, tsJJI j»>| f aicJ f < ^Jl i^JJl 

fc-flji v » Jp av^ ^ lion, t jJi r» j * y« jp a^jiu u- jii 

aUp^Jjjj^I ^ ^ . IO^j i r? • t Y» • J* Wall IJU J; JJi 
o j«i * ci>| a« jUl Ji ^| ^ ^ju s>^ 4l,> ^ XjjjjJi 
j^ 11 / «->j»-j ' oUI ^-^ >U!l jt ji* jp uiJay ^u /"l^WI 

ij*&\ ijjU-l ttjtll oO*.tUt5i . OdTjA Jj u>>I C^ *^j lil 
£*■ U 0^1 Jl Ulll tJUjJI olojJI ^j t v U.|j juM V ^J 

y> J < 0^1 j i>Jl jj«^l yo U OOaft c SJUU. JL.U. cULf- 

, . ... 

. <*> f l#l .a* J Jul>l la*> J oUUI *u Jli,T 4Uij Lr jiT 

< i JO^-NI J ^jO* ISjT 4 MJj^ J, 4ij*JU JSj . JU** iO* --v 

iTUiai^ Jjji ISU.i *U* o>.t -JL a* 4j « JUL Jj ^, ^ 
a;Tj-c , "ay* u ju. QJL ot ay <fl i SJLT 4J* oT jlJI a>.! ^T 



-\rA- 

ObjkJI oJat^i ^L.j>. dt JaidL >k ■ |l r ' • j.U Jlj>- aElemcnts 
jl^Jl oUjU Jk* fUii <j ^ -ol -uJd tl*dl U jT j^ l^lj J| 
- i aIjwJI Ju jUdb i jlJUpl jl ^cjl27 d) ja t <_jU£)I Lb Jii _j . L*»&L\ 
Jij. aJIxJI jl i 4«U!ljl£n!l |-« Ujbu #U-j i ijj^l ^jjiJl; J> 
v, p-tai'il Jl ui*IjJIj Jl&ftl J* j^SU a>*t -u^jf U J* jU 
hjj*A oLJNIj^j-M J <*> £71 j . jU-jillj 5>il > Jl O^l 
juj Jll AijUl ^j t Jl53l Jb- Jl I,. J*» j «i£J j ,\J*II j, 4i~- Jl 

isj&ii cuir, . iv^'j ^jJb « J**Hj » u^ 1 : ^ c° ^ 
us ^juii c >» iju at ja-i j, . jujji j*j . >j j o^JjUi ^b, 

J*. Jt ai^-oiil i ^b> » <tfl iUij t >* jUI ^ £>t JU. ^.IT^Ia 
Uajt lib . L>* tyj JmI? JS" J * JiJiJLI^jJiU v^ 1 &J* U» 

ji 

t/ a2ll cjb53» Jl t-*JU at UUi JUI .jjt J v 1 ^ 11 Unri^-4 $ 

JLuUI^* jJjJIttUu t Apollouins of Perga cfjW-jJ^j^ J&&&J 
J j» 4it£l *>. UJu&U ilUjll oJL* Jl c o^*- SJ* u-JJ"! *"->»* ti 



v bS3l ^yA^j j Sj*uAI aoj*^ Jfl JUIj Jj^ll V US3I o-^ ( * ) 
«S»*J t ut>^ ftrtf 1 -! jrfjjftM l*uil J>.ljT ^i*JUIj j** tfiU-lj 



\n- 



hyperbola JJljJI ^Ltlij t ellipse ^JLJa^IIjT ^Ul ^ullj iparbola 
*L jkJ *^jP OlT, . Ji* *J# j. dWIj 4>-^Llj iCi'l&Ll J iJb- 
oUl l-jS3I iuJI Jl j*V j t 3i j Vj-^j jj-JJil «JJj* j* Jit *«JV* 

. i jliJI AnJUil J «_JS"U JT J j^j* ^J* tjbf Japt -jjl J>. <i> 



«JI j OlTj c f J YAV ^ U Jlj^ 4.-J." ^ J ,>jri!l ^U| JipT j]_, 
f 1 **- fM «i Wl *JJ? ' f ui' *« £>.j i ip-Jl Pheidias^JLi j* 

jiLit ^JjJI 10* ^Ul j* ^ L Jill j. ^jj auj t f >JI, IjJjt 
« ft-V ^Ujll «-r ^ ' *V v*.> ^ < Wj- Jl SijJuCVI 

< ,£# tK ^tK ^ u t j<> ■ v^J 1 f >" £j> u* £.-> ft 

t sau*. a^Lj ija ^jb ^s, ^j t 4^ 3,^ c ^1^ ^ 

^oll t « ^j^'jfSj ijji » ajUT J ^ ot ju*; o3i : aaI&JI *^U 
u* £ &£ < ft"*"- "^Ji **") ^^ ^^ * ^u-^ ^ j* iSji 

j«li £]>-i Ji ^jj at coir jUJt *-i; j-j Sjt 6ifj . W LS>-t 

^IT^aJI ^Jj . i^j^ J|| ^ijill Ir'^jJuI igp* o^T ^Si 

^j<|| ^«] Ubu aji^j iL>J| U| ^ JjoJl Jp 4^1 ^ jJilyj 4, ^ 

*V*U Ji v ^y.L_^. j& ^j . SjJtJl Sitjjt juui oTsiJ slit ^ 



-u\- 



J3l i^tfjjiJI wJbJI icU> Sjwa* ^'j^P J M^l J^*i i>"***d>«xll 

O^Uj JU> l^ Jl_ J.JLTJ OUI> ^ 0^ J* OU jll Jjt tij 
c j£J# w c >.j $^ji ( \ ) : J j c-v!l ^j Ijjjt J 5 j^~ 

iJaJ.\ fi- .Ta>. *JUU 60a o*i j a» j . <**uAI dLi)ll oU>* 

"l» " MM 

* 

r^jr $ ji v j^j *,\yj\ ^[j < r> . iyj\ uuii J u>l> 

|P*l! £±* k-L* tfjU SjJlall.^-U Ot J./JI »W1 «i>; ^viji Ot 
,l|lswt J> JaIw «u"ael» Jjtj SjJlaJI >» wju^J c^jLj ^U"jl ijljll 

Jl ^.Ui J.l<sJl V L>- «,>. u -jJL, -u»j ' jU» /lull £-y" ( t > 

J ( ) , ^bll ^JJll 3>-U j * JI^LI ^Ul & ^ fiji) l^Ui 



-MY- 



4>J •Jj-xa^l «t-'L-LI *»jV til jH*J=i f « V** *^' *k£" fl *** ^J*" 

Juilj j>Mji je (i^-j 4jj SSr^luJtlj i^l« ( "\ ) J-^liJI «jL»- 
<V) V-jk- 4S-1—J 4 Sj&lj t i'ljkiVlj k -pAI ^l»^t.iUN 

SoJjdl SJL.ti-1 >L-»-^J 4-LjiJp J*siij i^iJi *U-t, J^y #U.i J 

•vj ,k-m — 1*( a), u^i* j_^ a,j^i owtai oijji ^ 

^y, ABi'j-4 oU'^l-Jl J2* al£ Ji 6 v U-l Jl JUuAl ^ JiL 
^j \ .,» « • cCiUi* »jt CjUpUic Jic it j,& Sju53l ilop^H b[ 
J* _ 0jS3l ., jl yi C U JJI J^JI iU jiJ-Tjt ^ 4i>JI 

*5^tJ!,'. «* >)i a^ij 4ijU ^ jj* if i v>* W>- OjSOi of ,» 

l^iT.ci4S*4i! J*' JjJ-Tj.^Uiy j* ^UiU Jl OljLil 4* ujbOl 

%/ ji iOyi j o > uj>i> aUp5u ^.j3i jjw aif> *i> 

oli .Lm^T SJmJ IjSU-I X^irf-rtJ j^wl^il <J* &.JU&I jJ* *J^ 
JtfjIjAl t5j3lf> «>V, V '-L J Jlj^ '^U ^aij t-Juik* <Jl£it 
IfW.. fcTUl . lil Ut'OjIjJ^ ^i *J-> V^ 1 f^ L fi'' 4I (\ •> 

Wj. » ^jJCi^Vj jwlji til- J^H ',>■ «i^J jCtebojJLlI ) 

. JO ^1 




( *.j£ Distill i>ju j c bfjjH ( ov JO ) 



£U! J»t Oj^k dJlUl'oT \^J l^^j . jJjJ SiW- «AL U SjjJJI ^ 

.J-j/ill cJLSj £jL.t 50p JiJLjfjt Jbj i (.git pbllj jxL it jj 4jUjI 
J1*U^ <^T _ i^pf.-d jj t)T «(J1 J^j c aJ Ji J* j tffJLSI j**Jl jOi 

* i 

^ J4*. jUatl ^-i-l il ^* « t | JjJLTjt O jJl* » flLi «^ j ot ^1 JjJUI 
VjU ^>J ^Ul il£i« J^ <£r OjlUII U*of iij^tj c a**>. jlJUtC 
lljaTu OU^j, . ( ! ^A^j Ji2) ! \^Je~j oil ) i & jjj i £**u jaj 

iju ^ g£i-ii . o jjir j aI jL*. cjkJiii j>» jiJiii <« j* if JIs'T *u 
a»>jui j joju- jut* . ^jui j<. atr jit oo*. aj ^j js gUi ot 
^■bii^ >. u jo»* idtfi y jt ^ ^ju i^ii-jiij oaic-i oir^oii, 



- Ml — 



*j*sJl U jIjjU -k*iJL (JijM 0^ JiJuTj^ ^lk^.1 dBJuj . *UI j* 
i ^iibJaoUj-jj oUtf I Jii j^jsj I****- fl^i *Jl* l)LJVI c/j 

« • a « • 

*Jj>-t t Up- »JwT U^* jpapt : Pa po, leal tan gan kino* *j>dl 



J»US>£* v-*rf>J «■ Cijll ijii fr &J Ami jl^-l 1JU Cijjty J J Jij ( » ) 



u« 



SL.IS3I *jiJl 2»ji*c)T j^J-l IJU ilf' *^ u* 1 ^ J* J oA •** *^ 

^^J liip^ai-.J^ii ot jiJuTjt j| tjlii jji IJU ^ dill j-j 
m^j'oTjui ji-JuTjT t>t o^k-Jl oUv» *-jjp ,y OlSj i «^ji-ljap- 
uw> j J*j . IftJi^Uuj i JLII *J~ d)j>* (1)1 j t If&J o\ c *. / i:Jl oJU 

«JU cJIS'OIj c i^UjyijU «JU J <~>j&> *(£* ^ ***J^ ^J*i ^ 

js^un ow *J jJa/i! isOii j«ii «*iri 0^1 J c-*ijt as oui>v» 
^i^W Ji *^ V^i «^M' «s# ti iffcMuT, 4irv u^-> 

J<* U^e J 6U1 liiidV Jll oUI jJll dtt; y* j - i^ jll ilA-l UILa 
1^" Jl oIaj^jLI JU- J* j* *i «iJ& U 0U*Ji c oUjall jlU 

/jJi\ Jd* f Ut t 0^1 J fcWI J* CfJ.1 IJU ^ -cSOj *y> 

. .jjuj ouu *usii sji^A-i ui.ai j> ^>- oul^ *ui ^j. ji 

^JL-jV jWUjJjII jua CJ\i&d\ *JU IfJfc jl Ou-IJUII Jilj £>10 

v > jaJi ^ i|Uf j4 ot 1^ . 5U ^iii '^u.> ja«a« Ji 
6i^T V^ Ji ^^1 ^ ^ f i,ji - ^1 j i^jU suji >,t ;>uji 
J*b.J ^1 ^l-^j a» IJU ^ >Uj . jl^l J jjaXjt 



SjuS'^kTjiJI j* «-i>5llj JIj i*^ ^'j^i.j «^»U»lj jlj-^fl *u 
W— t ts^T Wlj iUITj . l^ j&\ iiJ>t ^Ujlj SjUJ.1 j,. 

jr ^jj 4j>4. ^ji. j^i Jt . wmWj^ji-j i^ i,jaj jT 

^ 4*i^ Sjl>«>. ijj-l jk.T jjojTjt {flj . Tjj. 4.j!>«a J JL.T 

^ J jM 1 <il OUJJI <*, >^l Top- f IS^IIj S>ai p CJJj 012^, 
J& jlj . j'^»*saJI ^IJif-'ifl C-«J£*lJ Js~\j J>-j i^Lp. ^Oll 

/ frl» V to J?- J 1 ' '■*» f I* U J * -jJI J <y>U» a>.lj -J^j £p Jbot 

■ 

i^U Jj-mj ot jiT, Sj^ U1 J* *}U*.NI Sj&'jp ^JUjU J2, 
» * . it 

JUjJI ^ad-l *_^t» . J* J| jip l^tf-j J&it i-lji J dl»^ ^-j?^- 

« * 

J-yj tfjs^i J^ b 4!i ^Jtjtt ja» . v»K*^ air jji s)U» 

»yUI - j jUI J-iT. >//jJ 61 U>ji J mi JW-5 Jll jj-l jU f Jit j» i)Uj> ( * ) 



-uv- 



. i c ^»j> & &» <W *^J ^ SSL I tf ^ cfi J ( **** *s~» 

(twi itj jp »b jp j& •i j toj Tjuuf Uj Tjj jUjji ajuai f utj 

£tta!ljt fro, jU- ^ V^ <~» >»t jl*UI c^ Jl ;.U Jo >; 

<$ ^211 ^ J sjjt^ly sop Uij Ji" t ^ juty Ji tW^>* JUJ^I J 

*« Jrt*"J J* ( «W' ) W> tf i« ^j ( £j.bJjl ) *>l 
■Om J^ill cStrato of Lampuicus^^X^Jll j\ j^l JU-tj , »U 

-iI&dl»X*t Ot a j . <"»i Jlj* #J # iUJI » 6t JJUII Ul <Y A* f lp 
Ojt JJ[ JjjJI rfJU{ Of. | <jpbk,| JJU* «Alfl £& £lyj| , 01 -JjJ 
OUJ.I hJ» Ctesibius tfjJU&*)/l ^j-uJ ^jOi . cA* jSU /^ 
c WIJI &*£il ^tlj ({• . J\« • • f Ia j, ^ J JuOic^, CJIT, ) 

41^1 j*j c ** ^ > Jp 4 «M Up ju*t cffJUl (jjJJI ) tf ^1 jttl 



-UA- 



CJIT, . Cro^i^i aiaM VJ j.| vT j, Uj c .Ijil ±J>*S 
jt jui c Heron of Alex. iSjJ^-V 1 ^J»» ^j^ 1 cP'^M a ^ 

cU*JI JLJUII **>JI dOA l t Jp tS ^i* 0? ^ isj\ cJlfUJLill jjtijl ot 




( JjU J*.* ) * jtjjfl jjill aA J& ) 



- \l\- 



Mat *lw 




jj^-^fl *!jU-I 0? dJUi . J,b JJ WUI 4Jjij tjUa JL jUjJi dUII 
<ij • y J J JtjJI jP ^^L. Jp CijJI dJUi Jj jjji ay} JLu out 

U* J ^Jjt 4*6 VI -0, Tp> iJjL Ji dlUJl JUjOl^-sJI JjJLfi jlWI Lift 

j-Jllj ^^-SJI ot ^ jTi; c 1JU U J^ ^jti aJLjII «JLa 01 J. c |IUJI 



"S*"* iir t *»1 *<i>5 c*M J J jhj . ( !j* 5S|rtjT .jJli fa >\SL j»j ) lj> 
. , CTAJuu 4^ <Jj j^!j J, j> J.IU Jsij >5II j y^sJl ^3 tr Jj JT j^-T 



jijjji •jrjur oi o^->jU jjij t « orcjUii u* v, J tr ^tu 

tft ) i Oj£ll £&*■ *&>>«* I ^ t)T «_,jf tfjrjv^'j l)T JUa* 01T 
Ol JJ12II Jj\ Seleucus of Selucia JjU^jL. Jbtj . (<*•>,> jfo 

dJBi s Ajjfli l^. lj.'ir Jl ijlcJI r l^l otf> os j *u, j^jdl 

,ot U* V- jui LUaJsli ^ oT Ojji i^ir^t s^ j* dU\ A}* ot 
«tf til u-»*J c*fc Jll ^ ^1 uljTJJ j . ijjb iWrffl .J* 

. Oijfj {& pj\ jU>. Oj£ 

■ijidl »-U OUjJI o^lill Jiot ot JJUW JUSI Ji>. *^, #> OlSj 

i^'jjj^lM ^ u*w j-v* nJiTg!^ p js> ^^jji oi mm 

( y«iJ J)oJ Nicaea jy»J*j*jL* OlSj . TjuT l^i** j&V g«- Ijlt 
Jflj^iP J Jip Oti ii Otflla* j-v ^j L. >j c Jj^fl jl>ll ^. HU 

vja Oj^Jli^l Ua jltT Mi J>. t •> Jl &-%. U JSj *lis-^ilt 
t L>- dJUll £j> ^ £> JTOI j, ^ oJj . « OrOajiU t _o^ > 

ut > . u»ir t- jj ^ u «jt* 4j gi j^j ji «?bJi cJbj 

1^50 j i J^*Jl (j-jj'bb ^j^j^ ( oiJa)i y»l Jail ) Phainomena 
Claudius Ptolamy ^j*-^ a**.*^ ^^ J*"^ 1 V^ i>" ^ J* 
J>.T.yj . js I jjoi-j 4j^t J* juaw c-»bS3l IJU 0^1 c ( Lij-J . f M » ) 



_^\ - 

.^^Jlj J>JI ijUt ^1 jj*- Jp ,/U^II u^' «•> £>■».> 
JU^jll Jlri. l^j5J Ja-jsll ^llljJl ^ d Cf/M\ p* it J>j 

^ . 4i>ji tj,. uii o>ui £f\y ±M y Oj-j*- Ji y-ia j 

^oJl JI>T >j** Jil* j> V ^ JIl l jU' £&s-Hi ou «;! *-» 
0^5 . >1 N jJUd c-»j ^11 oJU. ^4*- # ate j*j - UB IKy 

& jw ^rt ia».jt ^ j^ii dnii .^ jjii jU. j*.j. c ^rijS3i oi j*\ 

£4» JtfaM, f j*dl LJttti jja £j« l>**1j * ,y A a*^ll 

dU. tfjt-Je*} jjrij* Uj-Ju If J^T l|ir JJ15W aJA >i (lUll » 

jf^i ^ ^^ j*j c ^u gi ,>>. jUu ot UJjii isi Ni 



JipT 0j£ i)T ^j^jU iiijTj . ^j'Vi ^u- jb-t Jp ^Ui o^u 

j^fliJ *U*» oli^fiAi ij 5JL1 J»u 5JLJ sjpJl c-ijj (j-js-jtA OlTbxjj 

0_^U CjJj ,/J j . JJ J. ^ 4J v_J jj j. 4it J aOax.o jil 0&- J ^ 

( y>t] c jj\ j*"jb alii Jij . ajjIjJI ^y^j JjiJlJsjk^ ^LJlili iLjIjill 

l$W ^1 1/" jlO*" ^.J^ ^.j^ l/'J^jV" ^-5'->-» • SttJli jJ*^ '"** *^ 
ti^fcllatll If-'ISdili jtf> Ji fj»«ill 01 uv» 4L.ii o^"J £—J 5JLc *daj jsl- Ji 
<3.*1,jj«j>-jI*a cJutS'^Lofl IJLa jJp . 3*>jll SjUll aJi* J (>-s*-ji j£ 

«2l ^1 SJaoJII »JLSj 4j ^»w j — ,jJU»>Vl f J* jAj . ^l^AijiS* 

<>£#_> C-o f JUcil IJUk jOSj . <**> J| j jj| J^ ip ^Ij^VI bki* l^i 
^jy^^ts" j" VJ?-*" ti u'.p-j's*-* t/^jk-j' u« 0l^a5Jj 

. 4J ^JU ^JUI JjUI Kldlnnu jJjiT & -JU-T ai ,jS^ lij U» ( * ) 
l> (eqnlnoxei 6b aJ LxLI iilxLJII ) * jjl*)H JUKI J«j « MLbrtl ( ** ) 
j» j ) VU> .Ijs-^l'i.* tJI AjlV^lbJI If^. J ,j^l U^i j» O100I 6UjJ1 
j»j ) tjj*r jT ( (jj&LI JjOl cJu-5 J jj>l JlJ^Vlj t UJ* l y S j J )l Jl**^l 
J-II rfjL?i L(Li JT jj ( jjJ-l JjSDI uJwJ j jyujMj Uo^ Jj>'l Jlj»"yi 
♦Ijs-Vl J^ l^J ^lia 6UU. 6ly jCjI 6UuJI l> ^IjivVI UO>j . tu-lj tjj jl^lj 



-w~ 



^^bw. vjy. diii j>J >j < ^ «h u^^ 1 ii« air, t ^uu 

■ jcluw jl 01 Sj/LI h\jj\ djbj . Pentathlos and Beta fcwj 
« iJS^I >jJL*.jb « Jbjll O^ij : ilJtf «>^ d* ^ J 1 
*j* a* .Ow".j^ cffi ^ Ji»J • ^J^ 1 k'Wj' -^ if^^J 
■«UUW ^^-lkj 4*. J^ ti&l JWI £j> o* ^ * ^ °^^ 

t^j^II olfelXl olijt ja*. ot Chronography Wfjjjft ^>\=S 

4>kA ^u bjiw L-iu v*^ J^j.*— « »^V ^ ^^ ty^-* 
^j^ii Owt j>'ojioaf ^ 411ft Jipl ^sO . «ui J o»v J vi 

J JLy-aa .'YMtV- c)^l •jo* o^J ' Cr °^ YtiViY-* 
,-f. juj Jl 1>C&$» J SL, Jfe at '«j»>> f t J~* j^ ^ J* 

^\)\ c^^^J ir ^i\ at j* jo, jj, iv*- >** J^sJi Jl J»s- 
« erf tw iH tfJU» JjUi -^ > J»j ji» cJj c.«« iii "v$ r* 

i<ii>uxJ^^jaiJ^i^i>iu;jl u ^ot^j 

*VY» f Uj S.A&5L-I Jj-uiOitjiJl « Pythias ol MaiuJi* JUUi 

■ i -- - - - i i ■ - 

(r^ 1 ) • VW fll J-' **•*• £*- vj*" 'W^'j ( • ) 



I - . .1 I '(I II I 

J* 



Iberia U jyj <y j»JI £>, Jfcfc ot UU J^JI ^ OlSO WU- J XJ*' 



loo — 



^1 jk-jt obT J «b U Ji. fOSlI <yj» J OljJ-l ^ ^. jl 
yJUjII S>.y» ^ i_^ ^jk-ljijU OlTj . OLII ^L-t ce ^ (5^1 

■ m 

* 

^ <J.*ji oW Qr' J» > Uj t jJLII J^j c cA j^itT 
*t*j ».^bWl' jn-j, Olj^fl JJ V'WI c uv c^llj i c^UJI 



-\«1- 



■ilij J dJISj C iiAjJI jtS 4» l/lj>-l *-*-, J &L»a 4*»ljJ OLJI 

at i»j» ^.j^m ^JJ iijitj . t-i jji »o* J* «>i jf? v o^. / 

<— s£j 0< O (j^aij UjmJL* 4jW»jj «uUi4 01 ^jj j& ij { vl^«Jl c->- .y 

Sarton jijU dj* «Utti Jj . ct °i»l>- * lj "JJ OUjJl Jl^ j^iL. - 
, «<°> ^ jk-lyjl 1 ^ ^ ^1 illS JUj ^ jk-J jSC j. jJ » 

JytJ * ffjh *WT J *Uvll ^L^ 4^jj £U tl»UJ dittany Oj-daJl I 

UJi pi* j t wo^fi ^^ .4ijjT £^i j^. ii ui 4;i ^ui ^ 

^jJbjLml (1)1 a! Oj*y l)IS^4<T oJlJr i^j*. J*Jj l j^aJA IJIa J Sw^ .Jn£- 

. SJLidl dull SjU»- J SJUljll s^uJ-l ,yl^l lr j&JS Jll ^f^-JI 
. ^JifcH U* Jp Ijji UpL SJJI u»jA\ oUjIUL OUjJI Llja CJlT, 

i^l^J^. Jl CJij c |«Ip upSN ^,^1 ^^^JSII la* J^j 

. >,jt l^ ^Sj jpi vj«J\ 



-*«V- 



^jjpLS^j Jljit J Cojj ijLAj* JW aij . Uji ^J* 5*«L Harvey 
J* VJ^f ^^j't^j^j^^J^Tju* ^1 j, £ll ys it ^-i 



-^A- 



.Ol^j . *I>UIj ,> jtl £** j* ^ j i ^aJI JIpIj» SUly: ^Jll £, 

i 

Tralles a"** J& V^ W^oo'-** **■!' ^J 7 &&& J* • f $' «J» 
tlk-j LTj, l,J J**lli Dylill »U^fl ^\ta i iaL 4J» oljbl OjJLI 

Ja£\ {fj m L*» tlij i£ J p*LJ p^-ii't Oj^- Ij'B'frTj « *Uj^flj 

*UtT *^ ^JLI dki ^t Lij t I^T illi J* Jb 6t 6ja ^jV^ 




vi 



•••4 

■* 
»• 

J 



% 
*•». 



% 




<l 



s 
J 

'v 
t 

■ i 



( y jJ«6 c r t'jJJ*' ^ " ^ r ) 



m * 

<lJbj c j>-Ul **itlj Pyrrho Ojjw dl&Si Vi./*^' J»ji\C^i\j 






K^ a& I c JIU *ljj't5>lj JW*-'» cr»j « SJi^ £»^lj SJ*JW 

1 • • ■ • 



-u«- 



tf jWl »jtj t juJlj t OlJI_j lMj-J-I f jIp J ( yt^ai^.\ dj»Jil *f-U- 

jXj t Sj^TUJp ^L. ( YAA - rYY ) *i- i>WJj tujT »i*b Jl 
aJLi J» j . «_j>.I J[ (_J-I £• gj«« j» J^gjlrf *l& oU iV. jt J 4Jyi 
jj^iT 3Ji>. * jJtJ 4Jp o^ji i a r-l j jll J i «JL»j J *Lvll Jp j^Jl 

: iitUJI 3j Jp Jlall Jj3l dJUi ^jk-lyjlt Ji j>. ^jiJI 0^ 
4 u~»^ u*?* *^.J CO « V" Jy-I J-f tfJ" j* Cf'j 5 " i»l'» 

j^J 01 .*&-Uai j* *lj 0» j . ( li Jb J> Jf\ tfj j»Jl *UI u-p-1 j* » 

J«tfJflj >-jT Up 42U.T c^JUl ^ Ml • j/* Oj Ji J j^fl 4*-J ^UH 

«-.%« ,>. u«jT of ,y ^ui ^ 6 . aL. jij t ;u5!i jsi; iT j& J 

. ^>4pL-T u *I>-T j, jOJtw. OlO t tfl^l* ^V Ji fc»j»jr ij»"^ 

t I JftU-ty I (j *b£j JJlib-'yij ibJl JUS.T oJL» ^ ^Ul Jp Oiji I 

t O.UI hUII J UIjJ JI lii^II tf j y . ^ t <*jj c ju: tju ^JUI Jijto' 
4iJb- J2& ^ c Liiy? Uu« *L*JI J UjL' Jl uA>% u>lw»t ^JUjji 



-u\- 



t tWjfJI Jl >*J t v-JJl .liJb *"J~ Jii & . . hj\£.\ jlaJl J 
\*yMy CjjJuA aI>JI l)T ^jk-l jijtt Sis- J JLLiJl Oalji-I^j 

. " * • r » 

^upi^jk.1 ^»jU Jl Agnonides jiJ-iist-T 4>.j i *~£cJ J\ U* Jljs-> 

« tfWl til fljJI Ojk.il J» ^JU j>w» J* *- ^ Ji . i^W 

<*j vj» Jl u Wj Jl4tj dj^jW ^-Tjj ijiib ,^jkJ>jii jIp^ 

If-ul C-» j Ji CJfc" Jl OjijM vLWl j c V:j» *& *>«£-¥» Jl 
. JJ3I Ml L> ^Ul. ^ Jl« Ji" ^JUJI <L»JI 

iljb'w o4>- 0» Speusippus u -jj-^i»*»l oU' *Ujall oi* Jj 
. ^JJI **^l J Xenocrates Speusippus o*J?*J&" t^Wy^US^ 

« < r \ i - m ) ouji ^ Oj.* G j £jM >it ^tjjjiutfl jt, 

t JUdl Jx/ .jjiJI J .fJL^-'l aij . UbJI SU)l *;U iUill oti ^ a»jj 
Jjij t Sj^Jjiall^Tll j^jtj ^Ul J so>.tj 5 j* VI ~4I ilSi g* Ji 
Oj-S'lsll fijaLl »Ujp J jijUl ^jti ^ li| «^IT a.*1 ^jJjJ 
4ji ja A j . *LP Jp U lj>-t ^Ua 6t Ji OlS'j . |W o^udi 



-w- 



l^^L-jd ttUx*l *j&j»S}j> ja «Li 4^1 j i ljut *JU\ J^Ijm i U 

> ji« at joy. ^ i ^iji^LTt oT dUi . ^^j v ^tc 
ii>i jjui s-iji J j^jj ^ ki Ojifc, ijiirysj tj:>u3i> s^lji 

J.US OlSO ; IJUjJI iULill Jp 5>u-. j,, U 01TU l^r«a* <ioba»t 

- Sd»» > SUi J 6>Si'l £ j£l ai jltwjT ulT, . l^ J>J! J\ <j> 
-j- Pyrrho bjjvj&j - 00 V" l r J * :iJi ^ a ■ , ^1 Jj^J 51 Old^l J it^j 



-nr- 



Ae*l jL« t £ t Ul.il£i3l ,jp *r'J^t/**J (»r p ^ ^-> ' Omnosophists 
jij . UJLffl ^-Ul J~ TjJi ^'Ip ^Jl Jl ilp Uj . a* W» -J Uilj- 
Timon of Phlius ^j-UJIj^ axJjj&j tt-^ll «JfcJl7 ^ *U-I -u^ 
CJIT, . (Silloli) *W*AI JJl-'j j* *JLi- J jlUlUUt J Ojjo *l JT ^JJ 
Jj^lj& V UJ^-l it : l*Vjl W j OPljii^J Jp f jSf »lj3l fck 

■i ^l2J-j jp n &,Lui jp si^i j 4 *&- ^ jsuii j^ ji at j * yi 

i(#r J it l^fUj . L^ uijJI * tSjr \*J *»&j 4iUj jJpU JJ, it 
^^sJI .ya ^ty-tt : jS\ U Uoc" it JSJI J ,»' jj^ J 
JSj . fitH JJUiloljjJJI joU- "ill J3JI ^j t 4^ ,>■ ^jUll 

JS'j ) . 4*JJI te , u ?j&£j&\ *&** i& Jj*^l Jp jiUa/ Jlai> ,j*-li 
«_*-»• SjL. ij& oi 5Jb-ljll *;>>cllj S « ^IjHflSkJj l^Ajli" ilp U S1p 

il&l *_— *■ 3Lij jt SLnii Jw Jli Jb-ljll J*Jlj « }ks /t»fci t tjuS" 
^^-s- Oj&Voij ij& Oi l^ U'Sllj i Lji jjtjw ^JJll OUjIlj 
JTjJs- Jai *^S Nj c tft j j* *^& JSj J Ulaal JRjtUl ft jUxpI 
J ^JU-I UU Ji cA* jtJLl J iUW -^ ^ #1 ^ u* - ^ 

< I,- jjilw t5j>-l *ijt _jt 4j ^jijw j>Xti\£jt JP *J vt^J it jT t -±M* 

aU-l^-j . JUL £U^ IflToLPjJli t c ^ttljt JJbJLI JU^ it jt 

(< Jp L_J>-ljHj ( IjSj^ l^i jj-J 4**i" Ojltlj t JlSj^ j*P ji>- Ij— i» 

J^T ot opljjai e JA aUJj . iJlij .^illLU jl> >«i Vt OLJ)ll 
.JjU ^i c ilauti j *>ju» J jk tfiU-l JJi ot OLJ^J I^a^ »LA^I 
Jp J^JI Ji^.Vj c Up » 3*j 4, ^j, J, c ^11 c ^l 
<J* tfU- J jw it tyalit ijj»4 JjU-j . ^^Ulj *a» Ji' t 4i*JL27 



-U*- 



.4~Xiiyju m jjtxj ABi ljUi jKjJLI j t Ojj«. dJSCfiJ dJi J gjUj J-IT 
JjSI .lib J?, t jf'j* .^V j : ^JLl uu J ^jL—jt JljiT ^j 
SU-I 01 Jli 4U&** SU-l.jMf SJUtell «JU 0) <J JJ lij . j ao^ 

^ i<&j jtrt oiryrj^j oujii ^ 0j» j*. « jwiu ^juji ^i , 

i y^utflj V*- 111 %**JI til f Wl dKiXJI saJ* J^jTj 4 ^.jU-jt 
Ua *l>- dSi . Carneades of Cyrene JijjSll^iL'^ J^-Jl dlli, J*^ 
rfyrif t> ^ c/<*'j < W f U Jlj>- fctfT Jl JUjJI Wj^l 
• ^J* 1 * SJJpJ^^ aIjII WJaJI 4*^4*^^ a^j Chrysippus 

J ^1* OlTt^U-uiJ til! Uj , <W« ^^JLd ^| ^ oaf U Ji 
^ jo j c 4*L2i X£ JUII »jjl J j t *lj9l y> btj Ju>«j U -j, -L^ 

**jw *_jiO * ••V'to ois" luj t u*?- u^Jp (S ai i iL^. u^i*? jp- 

. JUI j ,>l>l J J;i<!!_ J>Si^ll JjUJI 4fc~i iiUl o^l J> 
( f^l ) . u t V - \ • V* tfJjtf o^-JLill Pierre Abelard j^jt jj-j ( • ) 



-\10- 



0t yi« Ml j,> ^ ot Ujj o*l£ lil : JBj J^ > > l^t 

V^ i«o* j^ i^ A7^f u jr.k-.jdi ^i >ji jet jj j^- 

>r1f UjL Jl aj| j^ ot ylT jkil dJUII f jJI Jj . C\0 Sj ai j 

a* fcj^ jaj air, _ ^jjj, cjitujj . %.ui j^i jp >>. 

cH 1 cM ^ **>. <& < U^> £-j? OcJ^I uul* £• Ji _ jju- 

**«- u" ijU- V» Uais *U$I JLit J| a^ ^^ oT dili . iUaiJI 

rf M J j, ^k^, J* Oj^N csjl^ jbj Ojiiti jfljj dJb'T J>- 
c Uj*A, «lil djrJ*~,y _,? ^^il J J^ ^ill ^j| v'lj Ij^ii 

W- I yy. jSj . . ^^t J ^ OjiJ>. ^ J &\S by^i 
kL£ J>> J |_^^ _ . _ oUitaJl i^l t-J-U-V >f^ ^-M 
^i- Jit Cijj^V aUII dilljl ol 0j ff ^ 616 i JuaAJI Ll.\ LU 
(^'j 7 Ji < J^ ^«WI «^5Up JUil Jll VUlj aj^^fl JJUI J 
JJ-lj^lj cliU.Jl ^l^v tfjjjjl Scj^oVjl* J ^j 6>i 



-Nil- 
J2*U Ia*I>1 OOJS ai U%&\ JJUI oT JJ il jj-jJj) Wt JL25 

jlalll JUh J 4^*i Jp UJLbj . OaJiI tsjajl d*Jl jcj-li J Aj*L>- «^sj 
3Jb>i)l.,>Udl J* 0^*11 dfla J Cl>- Jl ^ V^w U)U$I «*** ^ 

as jl-ui jriiii it jj-ij . «jiai j 5JUUI ud\ o-i& vi>»uij 

i^UI J t&LI c.L.U-1 aj>-j l^ ^ JLi f ^JI Si j>- <tfl UjU oa> 
*_,4AI Jpj. yS Ir'i Aj.jiH ijJ-l it b*^ ^Ul ^j tl».\>»-.> ^jTi jt 
t)Tj caJLfP^I 41 t)»J*4A^|l lljjll JL* £»t IJU Jl OU* . jljfc.NI.> 

j* V o«p OUjJI i!sU j& jl Jl *J«JI dJU Mj? 6t l^J» Ol^U-Lffl 
SUJI li jU Jif ot l^lp OlSj . J!A>.^I j l»UN 4>. %JaSI V Jw* j JJ 
pfi" jl dllJUj . ^LJI >JI £ ^ jUd^ |»JP j i^UI *U j 0« ^f 
Jp l^ J, c SJaU SJji »bj iKiw. a* |l l^t Jp If^-ljJ Jl S&U 
. 4JU Jp t^jkll ^Ull ^IJI a>1I Ji/J ^t 

>?5fl ji>JI £>-j . U\jJ\ 'aLM ^ d^it J- JU&I iUUJI i$U» 
Wu^" UUdtfcJir, hJ,y. bk>yl\ o*i^-j . «jjj2^I» sjuiJl Jl 

, CJSAU .- CijJI dili J ,>• tfill ^Ul J (i-All Jj*^l tf V^ 



J tU ^'j tjT Jl J>.j 5>tp 4*-bll ^Uj{./,>- ij* uw 

l^e-ljt *jjutl iaJp tijjo ,y>j i sSU-\ sol i»\Ju> tf-j t silil SSV 
j* jj£j ^Jji OlT-uT J iili ^ Uj ; Ataraxia L-O'T dlijH 0U1JI 

**ji" L>ui-l cJ«f Wj*» Jj S^>. J!>u3lj jjoll J* £>jW Jl 
fi m £f(kJij. Colophon djijlS' J aaJUII J ol^l# JL .Ulj 
JL j t • • »■) U*» dj!b? ajOS JUI ^ ^V 'j**^ l V UI ft*. JU ^ *J 

ijjL.1 d & ^ iU* ^jy^li lo, Jb^Tj J &.• i^jlaJI «Jui J» r*! 
^ c-*-^ OlTiiT cijll dtt J »Ut j>i «1aT 4* DBj $ L/-I J "fl 

jjuii Ujiai 4pUli j ^ t^ji oir ji c <ji>i* ji f i^-^j cU 6*- 

<u^iipLeontiuni f j^'jJ ^»UllC**v<»ij '. Mysis ^ri-i* ••V ^1 fc k*^ J 
ii>Jt IfJp Jva>>. aJ -oV S jJJl JOJLA Tiij U OJb>-jj c 47jLJL'j 



-MA- 



-*] Jlafil j t ik«Jl <>Jljj!l iioP j jAjJ ^U JLo* IJLfc- IJtP If* Ul j 

4^1 _jt SJujJI ijjll ^jSW (J Vr'j iSKx. i^&j • * NJa«* { J» t TjUA 
aJUp J *ui jlSj . iUll Ojiij 4»- jj JUL Xj c 4m«LJI l^j!^ 4jJbdijL 1 

^« Tj*STO| 9 : a!j» dUi Jl cju^ajj « ****** Ojda* li* t)^J* ^ull 
4 Sjaii Ujou cr J t <iii j^ J>- jll t-i* ^Jp cSjkji U: Qj-ifJ j ^Ul 
Sj\ijJ\, t JJOl <.Uii ^jTJII oa*j J»T«»B j *l^_tv t/UI J* 

4 4 iJl*J ' J^i ^^J • I ^^^*«H &** M" or 1 * 1 K ~*2^ *J& (>* Ij'^'ui'^ 
JUUa5ll Japl JUJ 4J SJUaS J jjLiT jlSit 0l>- jj-j-Sjj^I it aKIJa j* 

JyJI j* jJUrf CJJT jX5L.)ll CJ a DT asij iJjjt u» jjL.1 J*Jj 




(. iriA-i /•>" '- i3 ^* ) U-iJ^ J 1 -^' 1 ( 11 _^ J ) 



-m- 



4 eJ dJj-> ' Jf^' «> f J* ' <il> d t ui«Jl <$ JiJJI *j£ JAJ * *a^i 

t Ojll £P 4* jU fol* 4JU0 «l^ fj»Ji (ju JUw i)l£t J flwUT I^Jj 

Aibll >**JI £jdl JJBi j»j ^1 OjSij V-i! JAA7 it #. J£>1 l^j 

^lUI 10* Ij&i £>1 0>-a5LI Ojij>Lj^l *V> ~k*j 4JujTj . ojwj 

t iL^ la* airaii » : *i^ «*us ji j^T ^^j 5 ? oo^ 

01 Am ^kuiV Uw iop SJUo U^l ol J ljj&7 L)t iCirt lj>di 

Uit li* J <>tf-j . lijiULI U.t ^j jiJJI jyJ ^j Ot Jbuj 

a* ^j* 11 ^" I '*! : ^j" ^* a* f ^ ^ ju. Leibnitz jiJ j Locke 
(A' ^ u->>I u^'i 1 » i b T Oil Jfr jS Ji> ^ ^ * ^l>l 
^1 tM ^ tfOIl JiJI J ^1- 10* JLf ci^ « JJUJ-I J ^1 

c>ii Ji <uj oljalli dJU" Jj * 4-i; ^jltf .^sji dJU"N ^ 



- vv* - 



oiji^ijjle i|ir f ^1 ot j 4 »uaij fUs-Jn ^1.^1 ■* «lw at 
V-jjj'V*^- ti v-*^* 1 " £»ijJM cflj . u*Uft J ^.w »u*t jp Jb 

t&l* Jp oljJUl Jfi-jJu Ot ^ jjSjjt OlSj . aJ /T'il J* 1 **-! j* 

t^jjl'i »V«II Ou uU« jjJaj jio iiju Aiji t **va>JLll S^lpij SJUU-x 
J«^» ^ 1US a^ ^ : oljJJI j Utitil j* ^ *j*j «>>•!.» 

lj*» 0j£tf J)l u-*S*l Jill J J>-JU IJlf. j l *U*uill J ^^ ,j»- ^ij^jJl 

wj^ ot u^jai. J oiru* bu ii> t u ai>v. ^1 W-*^- ^ 

m 

a! iU.1 0t Jill jtfl, . aa^^j 4fU> J ^ C UJ OUNIj 
^y^Wlv^iUo'Vl. Mj-^ &* > Jp cJJjl ^ t JUWI oll^lli oljb 

CJ ;i, * uW\ & >.T Uj; Nl Jfcii ^i . < v ^ji^^ii ^U^l 



-w\- 

L.-p'ilT tr vij i Jby 1^ jij>.T bt ^ TjjiL. tr^i <;o; u jjy of 

«Jai»j V * jJ-l (!) jf c iWl j^JS^jt CwJ Ajiii-I 4J.JUII iiJ»j c)' Jp 

c^JiJI^j i . SjUJI ^ bs^ J bJfT t)T IjLLlij J, c j£ll ^-i ot Ja» 

C-Jj < « j«t JapJ Ju; U fcUJI i# i tw U t)j&- C yljll t,.t I 
Jj Jj^»yi Iflji OjV aJL-j ^ Jj < l^li J ilp aaJUII oJa J 5Lvii)l 
t)T j* ^ SjL. Sb- L£ it OUVI £-j J ^-Jj . <r °5JUJI SLU 

s J* (till otj c jo- iM ot U»j fr OtJtf> i>W#M Ob^i VI S-Llill J 

J^JI iI>U) dJUb JUai* lUi c >■ Jipl ^ ijill 01 OH b» liii » 

a^ai* hS3j ... <j*U.) idl JU J ^Sj Jl oIJUUI jT t ^pIjJI _j>.WI 
•?-■$ SJWl Sam^V) ^•'O jtpj dJLJI ^rVj jl *UJi V*-^. fbu*»Vt ji) 

^aui j^cii j* djaari^ ^jui j, « sjuju •> s'u-i j«£ ji ^ 

a * 



-WY- 



^JJlj c illi «-J^j » t £ill IJi* jb>-l ujL-t jp ,j*»«i t5JJI t ^.jjH 

. v t>^i ^ ^i ^j, u >* ^p Uii jii atui j&tfll i>. 

: Sj>-I Jl Sa^jJI U-JL-j ^ *SCi-lj . OjJ-lj fH\ ^J- J* LaIj" 

lTL*j tL# c>jU ^j-J _, . SJU Ztuf 5JJ foUl JUI OlJLlj Sk-dl 
c£>^> 0j& 05i t fcLillj *irJill Jp Afli 5]SIp !> 4J1 U Ji! lil Uki 
. b'U- »t*T J sjil jui 5jll obJU If Uj Ju^tj W jv^T ^11 j* Up 
t^£ai If- JuL>«JI L.U jt j* 2ub j j>» * jU U OjU <Jp *& is-illj 
glaiV Vi - 5~£U apLSI 4>.l^ (*1!1 JJ» Jl >> f • «^l » ! JJ 

*iJl jpJUllj t 4-Ip JjndJ-l Jf-»i ^wW •^ JSj ) JjJU«»j 1 i^sSol 
it J jU j^iw. J& J UU- t5 ,ai' ^ft Upj . « Aiill jiS^J j* aOs^j 

4 >j c iJiiu JtUL LIp ajrf _ji t l^ *bV^^I jSO: jj^t Sjj^llj 
4 Soldi > i^JLfllj c Ui^Jl *iUI Uajrf lib . Cr °W ypiV 

j >v ^1 j^jij . c^^i ^ ai uu«» 4. y-* ^n ji> ajiu 

& c_J» Jb- ,y ijiu ujp o*ijipT jl^v ja j 4 c*h-ii ijffi jT^iUL <u» 



-wr- 

. jfUl j* j UU UtbUfj j^l ^IjjT >»L Ull hedone « 5LU S/iU i 

H 

J* < ^.J^ 1 ^1 Ji < p^l JjJLA Jflrf V u-^J u*.^ f^ 1 ,JU 

cv^jO.1. j^Jiji £ jlsii o^i j, ijOJi Aj^kJi c-U; Ji ^ i^-lt „ iji 
iiJLatj JUjJi juii cAajT ji i^ai ,3^1 ^ jj ^ jy y^ cjit 

J* SJUII J /i" ^ : IfjJL j* ttJUII U* J ^ sf\j . JUUjJl 
j Ir'Stoilj 5U-I >fc <y jl> l^tjA *£u Jj , jrtli ^ j^di i^t 

t$»<ill ^ U^ dt l^> cjf glow t ^ juV Tyt Ul jj *# a jji. 

jj^ii «rt c u,i>oii ^ uiui axui j^ii-y^/i ^1 j j cjir *u-jju 

^ii V i*A it J,*. o1f jLul.I Jp jjiut OIT^ , jUW^II ufc, 

• JMj ajJII ^ tilk. U 9LUIj tfO.1 U*» Jd- d V* tf 
01 1 : M> «L* Jl JL^I ^^ Jju, sio^u ^^j ^ 

»iMSj . <*>« lf*l IU.I S*UJ *£L| l,V Jl jfUjIi ^T «la^| 

^ ff**J J^^jj « 1^1 ja J Jill «-»>* 6-j^l ottlJU* 



- Wi- 



,Cr*>4JJ a;1 «Uj c ^j cT*S"Ij >■ 5^. Jj^l jjiol ^fi>- Colotes 
^?- S^^ll tf 4-jOLI J^aij AlLJ?- J ^Uj M* C&ft jjaJ Jfe j 

^i j^£ *^i j » sisii j s_^»- ^ ^i JLit ^.is yv« r u oiriii 

J j&M CJjII ^ U*£. Ojll ^ilj* Jp j*j 0>-jj t v_-^p jww 

4j*jjj*j* J^. 'j^ 1 ■ ^ , ( i'*»-"J £**&• J 2 * eJA' Wri- «i 
... %>-U-li Si-Jill Oj*-ja» jy.AH j* Jb-lj J ^ ^T i t^lj 3-.jXJJ 

ilj J» j c ^j jk t* j t^iw p^.io tJftl>- ^Jjj* «*'jJ JJ*»T ^j£» 
^ 50»-lj US"lj>i it O^jtj "ill> Tijji Ijlfc-OT flljTiJ p-'Uj <y 
Metrodpras of <J^<**W tyjj&jj* p4^ tX^ ^i b\?j . «JUj 
ijjijj^ll ^^Jbi \£om*> j\jljt l^lS'iUjJl i^Aj ^ai jUj Lampascus 

jjtjf^jS' *At> 3jj . Ajjjw jrfj|l j>T J l^jy 4-*«s>- IflT S!All t)l l-A,- 
.^'^AjjjSjj'jII iiJUII jS"j<»J ^jJlj^jl *-»<j(**aJ£i£>All UaJUp A. V .... J; 

^ ^j t ,>JuUAI ij,JI ^ OjjjS'VwIj . ,j-!5U *Utt ^ J s j^T 
^ as^i 3JS3 Jtfil^t jU-^fl xp tsj>5*jt SJT c-wT ot ^JtT 



-w«- 



V> jj U JTj i *LJ glk- ^Ij c <j jjwA || ^ 0jUj « ^ ^ 



- w- 



*/H"/ 




^kj— c5^l"> J i-LAl ijadtoji UJ-I SJLU1 *ljj tf>L ^Ul 

c**j ir'T ^ j'u jrj, . l«k. Jl J*j& f- ? UJI SUI.^ u 
Jd kTJL d t?*-4 «->£» - ? 15^1 o-Mj ^wji V- ■*# J* 

JiOll jjOi. J JUj ^ .<£aAI *UJ U^ J*V S>;JI dJJjj fe*£ft 

*-? ^- fcaU 3ja _ fcosll aJjjJI ot IT 4 •-s-ljll U* ^>. £)t ^JLSIk 
JLM Aj*rjJI -V X- JUI Jll >• ^p ttJfl J IjWj * 5U-I oU jt 

ball O'Kj t ^jS ^IJL. t^Jb-1 fjJL* J*t tf bjij OBj 

t JjU a^j oi Jfc u'fysj i u J!s1 J sjUj. vVJ u*». J <av 
Jill ^aii u^ JUb* -4J.I # u diiv alb i &j*> 4 *M JUy 

ciidi ji> c^mJ-i jj-£ nit ^ jj^ji j-j^jij 4i^uj . <">tfUi fjji j 



-\YV- 

*'Ji 43jf>- cJLijj 4JL1 Jiij L. *J ^SO I ilj . 4^ Tj«>- Hephaestus 
W iy Jjf tjt J} *Ur- it V.L* t " m> ijj «jM U* £ u 01a j- 

U £/ j ^ A jl j*. jfj^JI ^j . « e %- die *£. *j» j 

^-ikljiT apUI dill J 41 j*j . -i ¥ ^jJI J^-jll U* JlLiT Jbrji jj * 
t)>iJ «*•'!» . J>-jJI dJUi «*i t)T ^Jl *Jp jliti t J^ll iJ»jJLai 

^Ijt ilT, . G'Oi jLL. C-jU* ,>■ Sij* 4Mfb iVjj ci Oil » 
c fUlaJI ^ IpJj OlTU S J& ( v 1 Hlpparchia LSjU -o'JLU; <Uki-_> 

Vi'd^i i$j&» t ,uuT u'jrtu 1 : u jiij v^s (>. jjj s^ 

'^UlT it dlli J kjUJl iia-J' «>K , ^ J, !l ^- <^>.j tT* ti «S» A 



- WA- 



-JlsS-T j . (JumjJ^ I jJ j^j 6' <*>*>■ ,i t»'c j^JJI ^Ul oltJUo jJp Oj^uu j 

1* «tf Jai Jjl4 i, i tfrUfll *.Uid SJj^ 1 ^^ O*^ 1 0* ^.3 

^.JJ**^ 1 "-^Vj ** cjbS' Jjt J ^ jjt j»j r j^l *• ji^ y> u 

fib aT/« j>J» *i» at M iij .t^^jiji Mj 4 ^ v, « gijj y, 

^-jW'jit J> t 5UJI OP U-lf. Uj& <tfl OUJUuN i ^1 iitall 

aytfll iJblj < il)j53l j OUVl ^jj Ifi^j; *^A\ jUIT— ^-JaJSj* 
XLJUII ( juw ^* ^>\JLm 61j < <u**^yi j* «joJ aj jjXi j* Lf job 

. j^li i^j uijji 
-iJUi a>.t ot dUij i r* wi* J *; ^u^i yJiH <o-jx» Tj^t ItsT 

J>olljt stoa Poecile Jt-jHj 5 *"^ 1 SJL^tc^ilp^flj ^»j»j%1I Jl 

JLiJ i o>J 4l JUi ^\ J OLtJl Jb-T Jltt t)\ ^4>.j . JiJl j^UI 
.>^.j . O^i !)Ui J&j T^sT vi^ ,/! a>-lj Jj OtiT U. jU 



^lli. i ^-ij^sst *1JjJI «U> j *J^II V^- 1 <a * JL- ^ • ^'.fc 51 ***. ti 

t JiJLill ^jOi lauJU J sytfocL-^ Ji t^jjJuJl 6>j j OlfUL » 

ao,. ot Jpj ... 0£j fj& Jp «-*UI icj* c^» ai» ... SLLI 4JI 
t <*»i UJI JljAl ^ ^ Jl ^ J I jJ 4 Ju otj . . . ^JiJI ^ uu 

4i jklt il»U 4Jj ^jj jJ J ji j < ,juulJI j*. J DIS'mJj^O' juliJI J 

. c- °i »jj» &*-»ij*{1 j»JI IJL* Jp ^otJ 
Chryslppus of Soli^^l o-jy-jjit »a* ^jCleanthes of Assus 

^ +J CiJJj Jp ^jjj c "*ljJl\ p i'Ul ^l& t)T ^jj c lol* 



Vi W>Ul J^lj « JJ.I -Ju 6^j ^ s^i^ii ^ji^i ^ oi( . ). 



-\A»- 



Dionysius of Halicarnassus ^^^^ j~*y* cJU^-tlbT YV* J 
*Uf«^ J oOm ^ ^JljjIloyJulj . 4JLJ.I JU1I SjljiJ l»-iy? UJUj 
Panaetius of Rhodes ^ajjll^j^l :^T J I^Uj^I ai^cjjitta 
jjuf i j 1 Boethus of Sidon (£jU~*ll ^jS/jjj t ^j*-^! Ojj jj 
U> -tip U jU I? ,JJ>* OJ ^» I,- 04^ *uk«J tfJUl JT, . JjLJt 
f-'j * *jy* V* ^-f^ J" S^iSCll Juiw^II oUJjll j» iJUl ,jaJl j* 

OjjZ" [£ OjJ** »A*> *l>- tfj Oy> m j OlTj. J^-lj C SjJuJa * jlpj 
IJt* J j^^it I,. CwiU Jll iUM jl^l J&J c 4JUI Olijfcll J 

oir oil . wi|*i; J J jjiJi SjUi J ttj»j* 1j\ *ijj ^ ^jU 

. JJlij l*l«S» OLpJI «jii LT t *Us>J l^JU^iujjUJI «jij a*.«JLa_> 
ifOH JSOl JSJI j>L j, SjJL; jAj e ouyi • jj4 U jA j* JSJl> 

^IjJ-l U 4LL1- U J& . ajJu, J,[j 4lTt ^L. OU^IlTjlUlj 
. l^JLiuJjt jUi^ll iL>jJ- Jll j/> Iaj»p OjJ ialLI *U$lj c cjjU 



4-s o;j . 1^ ( jkii ) logic usr -oUik-j yj; i-uui .Usui c ( • ) 

^■Irfp*' ' ■*Jj»^" v 4-1 " ^IjIjJ-I Ojb'lj »j» UtUll tij^j JLJJ Aristo y^jf 

. f° r \ < • .,.'1 J. ji? M 1 irf , . ....__ Jai J* ljU»J J+J.I fr Ijtf 



-u>- 



iJ^ljl^j c 1,5 j *>-j3 JoJafc tOLLPjl 4oU jj^ IflTc » j»JIj 
« (5 A yjJlj 5*>f * W> UJTSiUl 01 > . ^U^^ J 

^lT^aJll 4^jli J >yo f . j^ (yjf.jp j£iL f i ^ ^J. 
jj&j *> syb J j^ o*il>llj JUI JJL; tfl WiLv-u? c5*t 
J-*uU,yj * fc*. Sj> foljy Jl^T JS j «iol>l JT, . i^ > Ji 
J* Js*!"-"* *'T IT c Up iJb- L oJUc jA Jp iJrf Of U •^ J* 

. JUII 3yf «UJi J •>• it cAb- jJj c ^v ^ Uij $t »^ 
ttj-ilb^L- j^j t ^0,Li ^ IjJ Uj ILJI v_^l jiTUbJ yiJII «U1I 

•j^'jT i^-Vj. .i j^n ijju j ^ o .> j ^o* u jr j*c tsoii 
VIU; u_T u, i^ ot Ij.ia j, s ^^J J5UT fit; ^ iji£ Vi 



— >AY — 



iolj)fjb>.lj Uj cf- (3LA*VI V-'t 5Utai J^l Ijijpjt fa l,IU 

<U»ij 4 O-jj .Oil ( i*j> f $£ Oj^ll J t 4Jal j!j *12p tifMj 

* 

.j»4Jl jut Jl tfjiJI fuft dJJji Ob 
« OjiUJI ijh l^LA^I fJ. cJj c p lb db. 

: dJjS. 4J Jwt lJUiJ dJUl £jT 10* Jjft ^j 

,>j^i jj* i^r/ j dur^,'**.t. 0j£ji fib oi 

dlili J^tUVt : Sju^JIj 5>uJI .Ij^l JaJbyi* iljp- 

! jAJlJIJbtjldttldll 

: jUJI J Vj *VJI J Vj c dJLLu VI J>fl\ Jp £.0* *^V 
5 pi!** 4J| o^ji^. : jl^l 4m. U Nl 

igjj dUUt JuJIj 
: U^j U>. : SJb-j IfV* W^ *^ 1 •i-JW ,J &*.> 



. W&ljy J*i jJj *Up 

UUil u -ill t)T IT j _J-| *l j^t mf- J 5ij^ (Pneuma U^J ) <,$ jti 

?:-» Jp Jj l^j t C»U ISj" ~J4 Jm Jj ^kj . iWI «^- J 4i»i» 

ti i£jA iy *-jJI tjrftf j*>-^l i-^BIiiu^ u»-J •' V>^> «SU» 

. Brahman cJl^jj J Atman diet u ^ir iTJil j*j SiUail .k* 

m 

I 

^j iUJI ^ ^T Jil ^ OjUdl j* jj:i : J^l- ydl Jp U*tfl 

>TJ t^ ^ t jiji J ^jj- ^ u T^j t shrill jaJi -^ 

.i^JJl ^li £ jfc iyJl 3U. J ^| OjJU <tfl < Ojtfl jJUj i> 
•*ljj U btj aIT^I ^ of ULsJ b'T jlj « T^ ^1 gj J^» 



JiJ 






U» jij 4,-u j^, f * ^ ^ a ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ .^ 

-ato- LL&r i> u^ijoj ^ Jj j l1j VLMj p ^ >3 1 ^m, 

^'j> «J*U o-jil^it ^j . Zen Kata physin iuJJI Jij.^J 
: Neuman o-jJ JJUJT l^ ^ ^jSj ot *l& JjlilT J 41 

VLJI oL> jUU., t ojj^ ^ j,^, ^^ |JU ^ ^ 

J* ajj, f iC-<ii j^T *;T Toau, jjuai ^ ^ j, i o>t <i ooJj 

^.j^'j . I >«■ Ijbi, < Ul5 UL* OjSC ot Jljjll Jpj . <»Xd* 
^j L ., -I* Q& oT Up ^_ J, < Aj j| ^ J^VI j^isV 
V> ^ '•'• v - I-Uj'-T ^ C1.UJ ULUl ^.tli ja J^o' C>f, t U> 






-' ":'-'^¥??.-v.';-. ■■" 




( * : - -"-■■■ ) J-^* *M -*T j£i) 



J&jt : 4] JU eJUlt j* *US Jtyu JUll OjO ' Oj* «$ ••»* &jO 

^ *J1 JU £ c !sljl» L*j^ ^^ gj& ,>uJl 4>* o*ja»^ A tt» 

•Ji ^ >»J « JljJI VrJ-l C^V ^^ ' <>-# W JiJ */-^ 
■>jrj JrtJ . 00 J^I u-j tt^ *Uyi \j 0j& &+\i tiJU aj^j 

• * 

'o* sj*jp. oij/i oj} c-Jj * ij-i; aikli ;l£iu jj, j, t a>JiJi 
« ;u£>. it j« jjb 4jt jj-i^ ; ^^ji ^ jp a*ui jiui ii^tti 
**%. £*>■ . j*«J j] o>*rt u Jju if jifli j ^^ ^j 

^ iSjrt i . gjUl J^jJL «%> ^.^ , 4J ^Cl Ji t ^il ji 

v ^ii Jj: i <ku- juiv ^jj t o-uvi JWjtfij i>i ji ^v 



^ all t Jjfll j-* IT t oj^ J ^jrft ^jJI j» j t o^j j oKj . JtU 
i^jl j>.|^| ^^j j]gji\ j^ IT Jji c ^Ul jjilj JUjJl 

c *l>j .Lit j,jhW «**M U* J t>j& VTjl c fe.UdJ oOkllj 

Cf j» cyj" tH 1 *s f u *& *.** J Wj ciUjJi j&n .r-t* ^ 

jv^i jl *'t £J i (rjtfl jjjll Jp Cjs-j* Jl OUUJI v^Jj? J^ f uy 

.^ui >■ cjircu^j tit yrffi .jyoj* c juju *J5t ^l i^iji ^ 

_&. j3llj 3^1 l^j _ LL a^ULI 6U«-JlI dUUI g$ iTc^tft oij 

i>Ji ^.jK ^ AiJiai «i* ji u >• lii uiT j* . 1^ j J J^i^t 

JljUl AiU'T tf t_ikji a „l» JlT Jl JjJi^ Spjj* Sill SJUSp Ubtj 
c Tjlfkt ,jwai c UU»«Ji NU-j C-iU JLi ^1 Jlj J l^j 4 **^l 
. u*jJjj' crC)^j ' Epictetus jj-fc&lj t >*» *1 jJlT JW jj^ 

J& U«J j . JbJbf jja *J j^t ^- {TJtfll *C^I its' Jai>> jjp lUUI j- 

jk^» J «eUit 4 ±w >U^fl 4&&M *rj**i -i»^. 'jb ♦^j « Vr^^ 



- \AV- 



SJJ» Colij e.jjjJI Sjj^. ClJ^Ji ^Jdl UA 1^4^, jU JjjJl cSIT 
- *& JS'^I J c£y SJ-2^ « ^1 Ji-^j &UI l^iL. ^ Uifc 



- \AA- 

iijJl/ t jj^j A- J J*» ^ud^^i i/^ d&& djjtt JloJU Jl 
jsfa d^'l Jll tf>l ^ dUij _ aJljjJIj^CsJil cJUi IT jijJI Ji 

<J»jUU jJlji Jl>-j OjLUi Oj-Jlk«i^Jlj t _/-* Jili ^,-iajjiwij 

^ *U3I J*f 2U**1I *y> JtjUl u*- j3l ^ ^ . j-^y. Jjli 

<juvi J5JI s j J J dKtfli Jl *l£. <y> iJiJi JiJi -r ^P J^" ail 
air as : pjVif cjisv«ju«a ^iii JJA. s^mi ju «jl* cjis" 

^—T I^Jw-j c Ju£>dl JUloJI J OjjlJji iTiiJLiM J 6jitji *^> 

j** c& ^ • tH 1 '- -^' M* oftKa^al *V «-* * jj?, (^ ■* j 



-UA- 



i Jj^ll u^II Jl JU^I J ij^i &±. vi Jr iju ^ ^ c CJj ji ji 

j jill ^^ jo j^ J} jj>H ia^iJl Sl>Jl Jp f \caVI- ^ 04- U» j 

i wj>I jt t Sjjill _,! t j&li jT c^J.\j\ i j*jJI eJU. jt t suit 

^Jl 4^! j i j^l U, iT^jIjjjjII jliJ J Ijj ai Hegesias of Cyrene 

J& <^>' (yj'^l^lfil* >** fl\ ^ SLLI J ot iU^'ifl JI 
^ V^ 8 " iVLJill l^ Jfi>**S J3l SJU-jll 4»jyi jtj t j-^JI j> 
5^11 Olj-Ull juj ilUJI Jfc/yi AJUii U iAJUJI cJUi aSj . <*>jU*Ofl 
i1j»JIj «j5J-I *Ijj tSji-l tf. C-Jiti < IfTjww ^ fla£l Jljj> 

. l^lia^ If. Jbj7 i£*U j HUT IjJp J& ^^.T j* t5j>-t 
c Sj&lloUJdJ J&fi\ OjJUB ^ 4V.UV t/ «J UljJI CJlTt;; j 

t5>& O.U 4iii fcu*. ii^lj 4Ji>iUl l,:^ CJu^j t tfaU 

V J>. ci 11 u ^ J^- *j*m J*" j&i 0*j OlT, . at. jll ^. J* 
^jk-J ^"Ut CJ 5l Jb-lj J^ ju, y-ja!^ flj t W^ u 

'is* J <J>*- ai^v Jjyt s>ni jij J ^i jp iJbo o\ri5i-* 



3J\j)\ C^-^T JUtfj . ^JL^Ij Eleusintan ViJJ^ 1 aJliJ, u* 

air, t V^lJ ijj-t sJijjJi sjuui Js^^bp c;is jisIj 
.>*; jw f OUjJl >*, 01 . Uil Sj 1 ^ J* iSr 1 " J 1 ^' 1 cH/* u* 



* — *JJ •Jr 

it J OUjjW ^t ^-U fto^t Jb Jj JJL.J it, u»yu it ^ j^^ 
J^»j — j^**U jM ^ kl» uf~*\ty J»t J ^'UJ- Ji \j*j**- 
J* *U* tj j oUjoll »JU >•■ ^Jjt tfJJI IJL.J? ^jbll J J j& V ai 
Jl>- dili . i ? <*>JUIjaJl «Ju» j. tlti J*.T i5>t Uja it £)t 45 j, ot 

*)t JU, VJ U^T J* vIJp 0» 4*Ja* Jut j^ U 4;t dfli * J^UJI ^ *J\ljl\ 
^SjO-l SjijLI dj d-l JUU^ t SjyJ.1 ^ j^jb, oiCJI ^j 



j,! &^ Jo ittill SjJivaJl aJjjJI <J CJIT^JUI Ci J\ J ^^U ajIj* 
IftiU^ ^-»jJJ c jkJI SJUw itjU^ 4-kl j2«»ji IfSs^ «ul£* flllj c jvdl 

\|.m»b,»_J lf*A2fJ 4*JJ Slid J 4 AjfJ ^jLrfJ ify^^ji^^—^j^j •" J Jj*"l 

UL»$l JJL3I C)t U* Jl «->Ui> . tSjU^I I* jO* ci ^j-«*sJ-l «>^- 
CJte*Aj c UlLl (ijtj- Jp SjkjJI jjj^jcuJLI OjAjb 1>UT dX 

c Dodqn* toj* J ^jjjl Tju* Ojijjoll ali d)l a> 4 o jj-l UVJl 
t^« *t* ^» . <*>t)lSj^ sutj* ^ Jp >;* cJt oliUsJI «JLa ^£)j. 
J^ tf^ W*J Mollosians i>«-^LI «HU Pyrrhus ^jo, dy i>- 
JkB a^L* ,y. *sT yPJj la* ^jo ljITj . tlW- l^Jiptj v-J-^V 1 

•LUj OlSj . «-»J^ ^ J 4* IXW lTU-J-4 lpl^-14 \c-ij Otfj 4 J^T 

^-jUJ-l j^ ^ yUl JJ&lj Jiy.1 jUT &. ijS UJU. > ( «JSJI Butbroturo 



-^r- 



Jp -^1 o4i ^j, jUkll J>j> # pjb j| 0JJJLi . J j ^^^ 

^ ' ^>" u*>»V. tfill jW ^ j i S>jj £» ^kuo 4,-| ^ J^ 

jL^J < W-J J. uflTil*, t SHI ^ Y . jt , . ^ y,^ y 
j*j . jai ^Oj^ll I>UT U" JUI ijj^T Ji oi'jJI OIT, . 5U 
Ot tf f : , L-jo t 1^ » ^^Ij » Heracleia Ui> a* aUjJl 

■* ^ij. juji ^ ^ tj « ijipcjir^ji iu j ^ 

: JjiJi.aJ.1 ^ Usij jb U U -^»T 

< V ^ , Mi, . u*i j <* l-T .1/^ ^ ; Jij ^ 
ijJ u ot tut ajuH ^j » 0U3U faU- ^ sJll|| ot Tar> 
tf u obv u*i 01 JIT, . v , >^, u^ & svJI s u, j ^ 



4Ji J*£ c *1>JA J* Jyij ^T OlTj t Appius Claudius o'jpjfi' 
■L.>* S-LU* Jl >»JI j«» i»jj Jp j>!l ,>• ^Ul «jl* f « Asculunj 

isCph j,^ oir*w,T t -o*a»J ij*t ot j* u«rT ijjir u*» 'auji 
j»T op v-jji >> iii* J. u» air-ij-, . jlmu jr^ tf"i>iaj 
j& ot juj SjjjJ-i iijj Ji >*mi c 6jJi ,>. *t**_u; •,*« <* y*-* 

.Ola-. J » ": SJJ& 1 *'»j* u J iU i J* J J 1 * 3 J • C&> &# V» V-> u . 

H^su'T *iu- i ( YVo ) Beheventum f jS& J" f J4> » Tj^ Ui* 

JU.ljJL1.Jj*-* Jp V>- 5^. dj* £U "«=:« *>*» V^» 

W^j>l qjU J S^ JU-j* i>. #»i 0& c B>i.J-m» 

: tr ^»t J»jJLill.Jji IS t ^jjoltii^jooWjs 

CJKj 5 »>dl *JUT la- '^>t S>. ^ a! ti»l*& «JB tfall u^j 
. 1 ^>dlU OITU f-U^i J U- ilU VU JJ J *^j 



-\\*- 



. l^i; fcJi ,•* -J ^ ^j cJUL-ij . ^^J J 
d*A^J** tj> J* SjUI J>.l j, c f U i'U f b tf JUI c US3l j* j 

M 1 J c^-dl jlU'lj . cJLU J>. Marcellus ^-L-^ l«*uV 
Jjij . tfli illi J* u r -- Jij .^ <> In l^i f > 0*1-, ^ 
J-V ^ <-j»> <j Obj; CJiT< ^jj Jl J* , ^^ ty JJ 
i>t jJ U* J^-OITl* >T U. fUJI c-1. oij ... y k*\* CJIT 



j. ."V^lapt »U*4 l^y Jast ^ ij&. j^J i.jj jiaLj jtf*j$ 
S~*»U Scodra Sja^Lit Jl l#l*l ^ jJ»-j Yr» (leJcJL-jt Vl dBS 
iJI J* ,>/ jJVl fc*l j3l . j>>* J* l^J ( LJUt JU* ) lllyria U^l 
Jp i <-j!jLiSII fcy»ljill ^Ui Cj'ISj i Teuta tjJ *&ll £Oji i *j\*jj\ 

il#- IfJp C*^j» L ji[ Jl SU- Ojui ; Dalmatia Lilb J>-U J*- 
Epidamus^^lJjijtCjijjf) Corcyra Iju-jTc^-^'J .***f\W* 

m * 

«JLx<^JJ( U*ljA* ilJLij t Up iXkut lf»APj ^•J w r J . ^-t^J "**. O^^,^ 

» ; U J i.jt ail ^IjJ S*jj *Ul<* Vjxij • ^JJV'^J' ^ t5*" * i i£ 
j j*J SwUll OpTj JLUa *• lil>- L»jOi4 Jj^^UH l_JL» 0*p 3j jj^«i-l 



w- 



^jU? *j ^U (Y^r) Naupactus ^JSCyJyVii*., . (YU) UlkJ 
«-i* <i *fijV lj JL> -ji <Jl u~?~ oIj'jJI -lib Lij^l t_jjX^ Agelaus 

6' I jjj 01 j t I*«j m~^m ijjlrf' O' jjp OUjJI aU C)l jj«>-i l» i 
Oy* j Jb-lj v-ii ^ I jjjl Jp Ij5kj pT U^l i^JIp ^ jlJ J3l jjl Jipt 

* 'JT bj^ji^ (jJ*W JU-jlljU" iU C 4X«i|p* ftf-Jblj ljjv«j J)lj I Jb-lj 

lK> p****^ J* 'j^W jt^*^' \j^-J.J tjij*^ 1 5 jiM !>W 
j*X\ Aj* t V£-l l*l»t j *lfi\ J*J j, 01 J JlJb-V All dlli . . ^JL. 

£** «J' ' u^U^I (J^ oUjjII j*&\ jl OUjjJI Jp Ojj^-lfcjill 
OyL* |^!l 4J i_jjV tiall Ji 4 Sii^j UlLi Jp SiLJlj Qj^all 

■ r • 

^JT^u^Lj IS *J 01 ^a c IJLa ij&e- y> A) i Si Jill iX^n A-jji (t^bcfj 

TO i i^uut dirtsut j, t>i v *> 4.-ts"oUjJi Jut 6 , jsi 

<t»^*ta Jili« i iJjJUU (J| iJUoVI OlijJI i^j «j^- f-U«>-i Jp « 3 jilt 

l^j . v' l; JJ , tM 1 J*^ 4, " JLip ts-i" t3lsil vi- olTUjj . UUuJ Jp 

5JjOi» >Ui i«jj/w 'Agelaus Aetolian League *^jp>^ u"jM V*** 1 

/JUil li* ?»«*; <±j'15j t JliiVI IJA JsjjJl CJjP Oi OIjVjJI «i* D* 



-m- 



^fi t^-Ji *. SOaU* UlLJ OJUja Y » « p\* Jj ' t^*-* j»* Jf^ til 

SjUi-l Oj^j, jJiJI^I dj\£ Uj . Zama Wj J6wM» J^ 
Jp IaOpLU 3..JJ J|- ryjij i ^jjj t ^^ «^U- olp fcUj^l 

. vfen iijaai cj>i ojUt ^ SjpjJi »jll i.jj c-iUa-ij . «-J» 

« Titus Quinctius Flamininus ^j^tf^jj&j^^JJ gj \W 
CynoscephaleaJi*»jX* o^- ijZc* ir j»«_JLi Jjl cOUjjB u*>iS» 

t *W SjuJ o't? ^ & ■**! V^ cf ^ ( 'CM' .*•"** oi^ 1 j«* ft^ 

i-i- J-j JpJjI-I J *la»b <•!> *i* ^ji t)t» J^"lj *ij« Ji«^ 01 

tpM -,V1 j» j ) i jb J ^UjJI iaHl JU; Ji iJUjjll JJU3I C>lSj 
t o'UjJI uJUtlj c Jlijjlcjo^ll j U «J»jPj ( yAjB ,> OUjjll «fl»t 



m- 



al5"£->- t (\*,1) iiij/' J V^ 1 «-r'^ 1 til V** 4 **&- ^ 
J* c »jU io*. 4^lj JS"dKj ) t**a* Otill >£l (jli'jJl jlWI £*- 

f/"> JVI f ijrill OlTjL «>JjJL-llj c-li dJttll L.J* ot J*j j^\ 
' *>£ «■ '^Vi ^J i k£~* £»W»- V»^. J &\**i W * b'j 9 "^ •*■» 
' djrU^ 1 ^ f'j*^ 1 *^>J ■ fri'V ^^ ft-*t ^J 5 ^ 

jiJiii ijiai ofjJi **. ai&- ^J- ( *^jih*jJij « ^jJUij 

i* 1 J* JrJ' u* u4 » u-jkU <Jj» •*- J* « Js^ 1 «>• ^^ J^ 1 <i 

411 jj <y ^j£ ot ij«»jij 4 <j -oi^t ^tjU] Jj o^u^li u* Jju* ci 

^ OUjJI ijd-l J& ^jJI dlli ^^i ^j^^i j&j t S/'L* 5JL»- 
il^jj. LIILJ J} jU jJ aIT*^ olTj*. \«,i 4i*J*£ lj 4 &jjT 

f U j>-T J (jiyw aJLa* ila^ OJU j ( ijj£j IJ&* t 4j JU* j jli jJl *J 



( • ) Corlnlhiins, Phociim, Lociiam, Euboeani, Phihiotic AihaeaOi, 
Miegnetlani, Thtitilimr, ft Pcrrbaebiins. 



-Y»»- 



*/ 




4^UJl it j j 

1 aljill plk^-l j . UPj«1 Zama Ul j jLScipio Aricanus (j-j^yl j£* 
47JuT U UjJ J* mXJ oo>-t o» cJITajJoJiLI OUjJI ^ of dUi 

u *j4>'$i 01 1*1*! jia . ^yji ,y \i\ ioiai i«di jit VfiJiav ifJi 

**»j . iSjA *>• jj^ll U» jj<i Ot 0y& OUjJI ol» J>- 6Jj%J'J 




. -. /--.v !&■"•■ ■"*&■■ V-6.A--V ■'«'■; '■*--'- ! »"= : i:-- '■■ =:T; 



a. 




3. 



VI 



(r-Urf * r *-SiUlll-i ~ \<\ ) 



-Y.\- 



f jJ'Jj * *~-"H *!**" <j-» *&> \ * * t * • • « «-*iH u* ^J V*V\ij 
01 la* Jl JiUj . O^orfjjrillj .i^i jj^j ^ U-LMU iLJUl 
oLLUI t *J« tfJijt Jj> OjJiji asij l^tt j t Ijjuj a* IjJITOUjjB 

ijijC ol 0^^ \j\s: ji t juii Jto li,. ^jui ijjli, ot otjji jj ^ 

OU^-j . j*Jdl j- JUUIl ijjjll oU-l O^Lki Iji^i Ij 4 Vj» fi~£l 
. 1^ f>L2Vlj (3UJI Lojt Uom If^M ^ jb i-ibdl (Jt^p-^fl c^\i U 

^JLftil **i* iJtt* ^ois feu* jr, ijju jr ojlaTj k oisl. jr J 

«a>. 0j~<£ ^ *Le$ll UeU j^j- OUjJI Ji>-lj { iiilj iLi- iOS 

*1 * Jj* I^K'ui'iH <JU*T J" ^ ^jjJl ^ ^j . iy.1 
IJ» c*i> lil VI r lkJlj ^1 WJ ^ Ot j&V OlS^JI **, 

J* 4-^l>. Ci- JJI UU jle iuJlcJBj - •^U 1 ' V* til*- S^'i U*. 

. ^jU £»b ^jjjj. Uf- aL o-j *J»1»- JaJ «jl )\ ^ jJU. jw ^.Ui jUi J 
u - ^ 1 u^j^ l * ii ^ yj*J cJL.jT_, oUJ-i lu Ji ^ ,j c*^;ij 



-Y«Y- 



*m Vj" 1 *" J^ 3 til J jl ?i «J' ^j^ 1 u-lf (J* 1 C?^-> **JJ Jl Jjji? 
i^U- 5j>.Li<« J 4jL>- Jlil 01 jw«ji *Kj . 4-oiI jj-l^l li* jJWfl* ,1p 
4JI1 jUJill IJLa j^jj 01 I^jkLw ^ Jl i«jj Ol j j . «jSj Ji JUIp j* j 
'LrflijL.aOljjlf* Sap Oli^WI JiUjcdJJil JUp^^j**.^ UjO 3j*Ij* 
u-Jr-ji S0pU.Jp j^ ij . 4lJUII o jOiLlLjji-l jU jUiil I^JpI Sj&j 

J j» ^ ia fip J j . i-i* ,>• j^i' J*i i V^j ^ V^* V"* <£*V 

u«-* *-?J~J * ^ "*i «i li^'jJ' tr^ - ' Aemilius Paulus ^ jJjj u^J^l 
-jjT ^XJLI ,-ij t UlLi Jl l^JUkt ^ OJI oUJall Jij t ojoi. &a* 

u- J j«l £*». j* J • *W«H * j-» u -4 ^ ** l ^' Uj . ^ -?" «J^* - cr*""" d i^J 
C«>^ j^ij jfl j^f j^ ^ .u-jt l«JUt ^cjjl »U ^ 

jjjs^i _ ^y-l J t gj>-L r u ( aJ lAjj^i |l JM t/j - u^j £-Jj*> 
JUJI j, oJt Uim Jl J* j . aJp oJ«JI ^tjt 5jJLI JjJx. 

^jy. Ji 1 *- 51 &$ *% ^M u^i Aj- m-* ^W- 1 ^^-J ^^ ^^ 
_,rf. J i-1 j>- -f *j »ji; cJlS'U jJp *Ui2ll (j u-i ^a jj «J»Uv»l tils' 

duor. apj^ii sji^ii Jp s^wi *^» yJi iju jit Jp ^.irfjij c *fi 



-Y«r. 



i.uj.u jijii *^ui j lw wii^^ii ^ jJ3i ^juji ijl* ^i^-i ois* 
yu*i j* jIp ^ . f u jj . y>yi ^ 4jL-jjJi oi^aij .Lp^ii ^jy^, 

JjUiV ^iJP OlTj ' u^ Cj^ s o* S^ 1 ^ (> ^ ^. ^u* 
a*i J OL-jjJI OlliL. Jp *Ui4Jlj ^J^l lil lj-^lj < Ov-^j Wll 
olJjJI i!Aj Ji cJL-jtiu^^l Sj» .Jt***; of *ajj Cjs\}j . OUjJI 

U-J»J J* jlJi^l j>« *Ya Ci >T Ot JH*\ Ua Jp iSijjTCjlJLM* Coj> 
CJlSj t jijsdl vjjs- 4j^oJI cJ^l U1 *Ip J j 4 ° # >6uj«Il 

*"\$~\ t>* *rj^ v**" u*'*^ J* 1 ^J'J ' v^V^-* W** •**" ^ J* 
VI jJiVI ^ ^t *Uill *L^!lJjTj c ^IjjH ^j^II # JL-i 

. i.jj Jp Up gj^fl 
SjU Tiuj. OU jJI ^ Ji jt-j L*p j\+j J\ ^^JJI ^ J»UU j 
J>JS!lj ^i^l S^i ^^iij . Metillus ^jb* SaLi Njk-Tj ^jjf 
J* 1 ^$*l *Ip J Mummius ^mjJ Jji-lj t i«jlii JTJp {/**&■ 

fci^ i^ 1 M 1 J jtii OjAai j*itj . ow*li i^Ji ,>»■ ^jj^" 

J **jJtsM u-»^ Jp IjUi Ot !Ja j^lwu l^aljt ^j . jjjl 

jp 4f.it ^ j^ji ^ii aaj ^^ oiriTj^jdi ^^ii j^ji j^ 



Y«l- 






-Y«*- 



<U1 

^ lily Ji^l 3jii\j Ijjt ft C-JjJ CJL. at iLjcdjy SJIa dMi JU> 
UlJ J - i^UI <>. UjjUU JjjP J tjj^; i^JH J^l fJJI J (JUjJI 

O^l 4~£Uj tJtoJtl ^i . /eUl *^» jJUaJ iTjlSCi^ll 4i4 jJU** ^JJI 

^ If-'U-^-y • ijbTa^ti : ^JJAI *i£i J OlijJI <Z>\j 1>jj oJi^lj 
^'jjb tSj^-V V 3 ^" «W^ l*jlj*i *a1»j « Oj-Jij jOJLt 

C^ck Ji aJOAI Ot J^2ll £-*i «iU4;j . SJyJl - UMjJ\ ol£ttl Jit* 
ijjkl^VI OJUjpj . aJ^' 3jUa*JU f j^' 1 ^j^ 1 OUaJLJ ilJtul 

'i ■ *>i ii r * 



Ji SjU'jJI ^IjJI Ojlii Aj,Jlj i O^JUIj t <JjJ*>JI AM 1 J^tj 

vSfi ^ i at 4ij» ^. -I. uijj-. 4iijW siiai J t5 i-s vw\ ijj 

*J UJU.it Jj <_~»J .OUjJI 4p>-1 U <jl!jJl ilj3l J J^AJ ^ liij 
* tali* Jl J>JI J^i • jU! j jk-'UUJ ^ f ait cMZ y »>U U UiT 

Olu^ii jtijtjJIjJW^^J * ^y^ 1 V" 1 ^ 1 Jj*l» ' ui^ 1 u»-» 
£.jUI tf > J** Ul ^1 al UL»jr— SpCJI j 5 jU jjis* * J-JI 

a*./ a* J jail «^ gUI ot £j « Ut jJl JiU Jl -^ y 'M i> 
a*£- ^ US. alfUH JL>l>all Sj^ll 0J» t u^^j" j& f Vr* UUiJ 

Ajaiioiijj-ijt u-^i^J J* xrw 8 -^-» ' ^/^ r ut a -^ 

JT « SjLJIj , gUV^j i 'it^lj t jj-dl j < j&N ^ J-*' J" 
>c Jll ^W^* oa*j . jUjJI gjUl <y £»• C, * U: -" 1 ■*• oi * 



l^JJIijji LulL-l ljl t : _,»jf jjiTv jJUIj jjlUl Sir Henry Maine ^s*cJ> JT 
. CT), JL-i *j JUji j* j 111 ,IUI IJU j lij^i UJ of / « .U-» 



-Y'V- 



^iJ^J ' V^*J i^*^j" s-iJ^' u-j'^j ' b*l*«lrj k*»jUi 

£ < fVtf J^v" 1 ^ 1 CW V*^ ' W 8 " ^'j WJl •* W 
<d_4l Lj^itheologyj Christian — Alj )4 : »^JllobUJIj^ r il ^all 

^J < lJjN U"'u* <**>f iSj^ ^r-iJ-l u^ 1 ^ 1 u-^l JrfVI Ojf 

*j£ll ^ SjujJ-I 5J>^lj VW ^.j-J' |>«J « *J-lj < 0!>Jlj 
4)iTU l^ toUtyt djWL. ^j'. '^| ^T J jlUll i5l>l Jt jULlj 
^itjt fjLtJj Jjli'j < oLJj t ol^UJ jljit ^ olljJI ^aJ 

30*^*^*1^ jt c tf>U£)|l <-oVl j^i it • ( UaL«j ^aJl IJtUj . ^jjHi. 

Jit ^ LjT 1 Aj >.j 6£| ^ U| ja L.j OUjJI -l<L. Vjlj 
ilji Up & U itiiT 'as L.j1pj 4 sjtjJi oys3l l,j J& l _J j 

JTj c Wa\SjJ\ ^l>| ^ la* JT ( ol.jii Jl S^ei^JI oa* ^j 
*'jjllj« 5UJI JJiUtjtaJUaij i JUJI ^i _-^iT jjj p baJ U 



• *&>* j jj*yi ju.i luju ujisai A-sj ( « > 



-Y'A- 



— UlCitj i—ioJ-l oUjil Jp jlkJ Jl i^V 1 -fc^l^ 
cAJ&$ lyi .j^uJ Jl tf^ill &.UJI v-^JlIj ; 3%-ilj c sUlt 
^«p J AjJrJ^Vl SL-UI l)J jo" . L>Ujj Pantomime , comedy, tragedy 
«1US J Ji CJIS" Jl JS^ill S^Lil ^j c l^pjl J Si* OLUJI 

iijit J] l)j^5«-jII V *\* ot Jl ) cJIT&jJ-I J-*jll i>l* li* «> 
-jljDl «OAj t If^aij j Ja-»jJI jj*o*ll <JljJi>« «U^» ( ci^l i^> 

oU^-ll, Jlj iJUjJl yP^-l Jul! ^)\ Jl jiJJI ,>. ijJU UtaJl. 
Aristoxenus tfj~&*>} Jl ,j-j>1~» <>• f)UjJI ot iLlp^j* SJlJjJI 
Jit ^Jl J OUjJI Lwj . Jj-jlloli^ l^j l_^j j* jJljJK* 
& jkk* 'ji- ^ULj oyJill JJLj £& it L»u.j J JA j t OjjJJI 
j^ jp f l> fl JU J jUifll cibJ JI iljJbLI f j-ij Jl ^j^ji 
C-»JI JV^CiT JIj; Vj. JLft J5L.J Oiotto j^-j i ^ j ijX^l 
l^wll* tj£ «Jrf 1 4JUjJl ijiJl t$ t V u Ji ^ • j * >1 j»J •i**^! 
■aLUL-Nl LU Sji £* il; 0»j. aj OOjUj vl^Jl ji il*-W V5"*i O-LJj 
J ^-Jj . f ltfl .JU J VI V«jJI SjWI ji 6la»VI o-jj^' W \ rf 
OoV-Tji *!5li JL>-T Ji JUjt ^M £j+ j- jlii i^> ISC r t Mj bjjt 



t>* (Jl»_»JI ^1 'J* «j* «l2kJ U djl j^ . J-*jJI OitJI ^JL,aJI "jij-saJ 

- 4ju)ii diij* ^ft j- la* jr_ ^ijji otjji ^ j 

Jul ^ « ia>.Tj r ^jii o^i U jju- o*l»jJi • j*^- 1 *^lf lib 
jai JAJI Ojj* IjJIToUjJI ot VI itBi li i jdii JJ ^>t SjU- 

jjkllj jjj\ oUa CjIT t *U* U JT jp >Ui^ TjjLj" ^JJI £»J 
ly lj l_,U ^Jll ^ t <>l<dlj J^Lcll v L>.j < ofclill cjL*. J*\j 

Jt$3l ^ i»-j3jl i^lill .jl^M 4-X,- IjJL*.,J14>J^IOIpUm!I Uj* 

^Ik-lj . ijill &Jkj 4lTt» *U-S3lj 4*JaJl > CjIjl, ^JwyLo 
eilpl>.VI J* J *^l M «e-l 0>. irt j& U sjwW oV^ 






-Y\»- 

VI iH (i ^r^ Jl *Up*» c>fliijj c^jaJi ^ ^-jIjL-Uj 

boJ CJlTjJ LOJj. >L,% tikljJI ^ TjJLI JUI 4*3 j 4 ^Ijall 

J-xjJaJI f jUU J*£ d>l *)jf-»; tS^f^ ii-JLilli Jjll Jsrjll 01 jiP 

**^ CijJ SJle Jt i^JJI * il~>Jl l £j&\i-J~\ dUij 1 v'j^ 1 jyu^li^U 
OUjJI J-» jlUJl *Vii jlj . c^avJIj <1#JI iIjI^U* J iiJUJIj JUII ,>, 

Ojpa^i j^JU^-^JUl l-jJI ^-iJ jkll IjPJtil a* j . iilji^llj **iU }kli 
j£jjl_,c u-bdlj t oo^jJlj. j-ldlj i JiSQl Sjji cj»L Jll JJW 

Cj\j»\*a ,y> Sjbf ijAk» iULill IjJUf it J| iji JSj i2j5p- JT 



-tn- 



Kantian Jl&l JJUJI d^Jlj c v^lj UUI ^•j « ^'j 

<-jkJUj t tg-Cpl j-V 1 ' v****-* c v^*- " 3 j^' i>* J^' J ^ 
U UOjJJ IjISCs-j iLiill ^!sU.t JTaJLJ-Lj _ j^JJI JJkdl J JOj ji 

cjj^I V «£J-I jlfJUii : Iji 0j%« «illi t5j» \f\S"Ji t <_—>«» 

Jft OlTj c Jl>n 6jyJI J^U ^Jlfc flit ^g^il JJL8lil Ji\ IJU Ul 

jki Jefjii 4JU)j . flj jM aJ>a 'J SiJUll JIApj i .jwJjjII SjbL«VI 

lilj JWA «JAAi U^ji j OjWiT UJi Iji ^ <J ^1 (O jUai? j* 

. iilj* Tijll *f"4^-j 5li»»\ll «Ju» J *lyJI **ilj* CoJIp 

JUL & j»-lr V^J «i*j« V SjU^I ot JUM U* J dji* U j^Tj 

i£*A>-l £->yy . <f~ t paJ y^jjc l^<aJL«j ^Jk.^ jwi ,-ji c JL J| 
SLLli c t5>.l SjL,a>. alii) Ol&l'^. ilji^ll Jb-t OjToljL^U 
4j»UjJI 5jU«aJ-li . Jj*l>- jyipfcjLtj OjM tyf'U'j x*a^Jl Wl&P I^Ip «1s£ 

Iji Ujc v-jll j* cJ^ Ji 5J>cl.l Ipjj*. Jijii! - l^-lSj Vj-a 
V^J «u*^l» »l—ai I^U^1lj>j c V»< flit >Tjl f b JBjl.1 & 
^f : 0t j* D>l Uj^pjc SJUlill ij^JI I^pjIjc .SJ^I ijJJI j. 



-Y\Y- 



« Jl^lj t J*J»j i <i>» ^ ^Oll o^J • jMj f ^'J *->' «>! 
' JrtJjy Ojt^b t -WjJL-j OjJjv olj^t J[ ^LJI j^jtll 

. ^ oil! ^ Ji U^t ^-jJ i^jjp j* \fi U 



/-\ 



: aW U» Jl j* Ij^J oi^ 1 ^ 



Bibliography 



Of Books Reffered to in text or Notes 
The starred volume* are recommended for farther study. 

ADAMS, B. : The Empire. N.Y., 1903. 

'AESCHYLUS : The Oresteia. Tr. O. Murray. London, 1928. 

ANDERSON, W. J., and SPIERS, R. P. : The Architecture of Greece and 

Rome. Loudon, 1902. 
ARISTOPHANES : The Eleven Comedies. 2v. N.Y. 19S8. 
ARISTOPHANES : The Frogs, and Three Other Plays. Tr. Frere. etc.. 

Every -man Library. 

ARISTOTLE : Art of Rhetoric. LoeB Classical Library. 

ARISTOTLE : Metaphysics. 2v. Loeb Library. 

ARISTOTLE : Metaphysics. Tr. M'Mahon. London. 1857. 

ARISTOTLE : Nicomacheau Ethics. Tr. Chase. Everyman Library. 

ARISTOTLE (?) : Oeconomica and Magna Moralia. Leob Library. . 

ARISTOTLE : ON the Constitution of Athens. Tr. E. Poite. London, 1891. 

ARISTOTLE : Physics. 2v. Loeb Library. 

ARISTOTLE : Poetics. Loeb Library. 

'ARISTOTLE : Politics. .Tr. Lindsay. Ever) man Library. 

ARISTOTLE : Works. Tr. Smith and Ross. Oxford, 1931. 

ARNOLD, M. : Essays in Criticism. A. L. Burt, N.Y., n.d. 

ARRIN : Anabasis of Alexander; Indica. London, 1893. 

ATHENAEUS : The Deipnosophiats, or Banquet of the Learned. 3v. 
London, 1851. 

*BACON, F. : Philosophical Works. Ed. -J. M. Robertson London, 1905. 

BAEDEKER, : Greece. Leipzig, 1909. 

'UAIKIE, J. ; The Sea-Kings of Crete. London, 1926. 

BAKE WELL, C. : Source Book in Ancient Philosophy. N.Y., 1909. 

BALL, W.W.R. : Short Account of the History of Mathematics. London. 
1888. 

BARON, S.W. : Social and Religious History of the Jews. 3v. N. Y., 1937. 

BEBEL, A. : Woman under Socialism. N.Y., 1937. 

BECKER, W.A. : Charieles. Tr. Metcalfe. London, 1886. 



BENSON, E. F. : Life of Alcibiades. N.Y., 1929. 

BENTWICH, N. : Hellenism. Phlla , 1919. 

BERRY, A. : Short History of Astronomy. N.Y., 1909. 

BEVAN, E. R. : House of Seleucus. 2v. London, 1909. 

BEVAN, E.R., and GINOER, C.,eds. : The Legency of Israel. Oxford', 1997. 

BIBLE, THE 

BLAKENEY, J.A. : Smaller Claslcal Dlcionary. Everyman Library. 

BOTSFORD, Q.W. : The Athenian Constitution N.Y., 1893. 

BOTSFORD, Q. W., and SIHLER, E. O. : Hellenic Civilization. N. Y., 1920. 

BRECCIA, E : Alexandrea ad Aegyptum. Bergamo, 1922. 

BRIFFAULT, R. : The Mothers. 3v. N.Y., 1927. 

BROWNE, H. : Handbook of Homeric Study. London, 1908. 

BURY, J. B. : Ancient Greek Historians. N.Y., 1909. 

•BURY, J. B. : History of Greece. London, 1931. 

CATHOUN, O.M. : Business Life of Ancient Athens. Chicago, 1926. 

CAMPRIDOE ANCIENT HISTORY (CAH) : Vols. Mil. N'Y., 1924f. 

CAPES, W. : University Life in Ancient Athens. NX, 1922. 

CARPENTFR, E. : Pagan' and Christian Creeds. N.Y., 1920. 

CARREL, A. : Man the Unknown. N.Y., 1935. 

CARROLL, N. : Greek Women. Phlla., 1908. 

CHILDE, V.O. : Dawn of European Civilization, N.Y.,1926. 

CICERO : De Finibus. Loeb. Library. 

CICERO : De Natura Deorum. Loeb Library. 

CICERO : De Re Publica. Loeb Library. 

CICERO : Tusculan Disputations.- Leob Library. 

COOK, A.B. : Zeus. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1914. 

COTTERILL, H.B. : History of Art. 2v. N.Y., 1922. 

COULANOES, F. DE : The Ancient City. Boston, 1901. 

CURTIUS, E. : Orieche Qeschichte. 3v. Berlin, 1887f. 

DAY, C. : History of Commerce. London, 1926. 
DEMOSTHENES : On the Crown, etc. Loeb Library. 
DEWEY, JOHN, etc. : Siuddies In the History of Ideas. N.Y., 1936. 
DIKINSON, O.I. : The Oreek View of Life. N.Y., 1928. 
DIODORUS SICULUS : Library of History. 3v. Loeb Library. 
DIODORUS SICULUS Historical Library. 2v. London, 1814. 



•DIOOENES LAERT1US : Lives and Opinions of the Eminent Philosophers, 

London, 1858. 
DRAPER, J. W. : History ol the Intellectual Development of Europe, v.*. 

N.Y., 1876. 
DUREEL, E. : La Legende Socratique. Rrnxelles, 1028, 
DYER, T.H. : Ancient Athcni. London, 1873. 

ELLIS, H. : Studies In the Psychology of Sex. 6v. Phlla., 1911. 
ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 14th ed N.Y., 1929. 
EURIPIDES : Elect™. Tr. 0. Murray. Oxford, 1907. 
EUIRIPIDES : Iphigcnia In Taurla. Tr. Murray. Oxford, 15)80. 
'EURIPIDES : Medea. Tr. O, Murray. Oxford, 1912. 
URIPIDES : Text and tr. by A.S. Way. is. Loeb Library. 
•EURIPIDES : Trojan Women. Tr. O. Murray. Oxford, 1914. 
EVANS, SIR M. : The Palace of Mlnoa. 4v. In 6. London, lll'Jlf. 

FARNELL, LR. : Oreece and Babylon. Edinburgh, 1911. 

FEROUSON, W.M. ; Oreek linperlallani. Boston, 1913. 

FLICKINOER, R.C, : The Oreek Theatre. Chicago, 1918. 

FRAZER, SIR J.O. : Adonis, Atlls, Osiris. 1036. 

FRAZER J.O. : The Dying Oml. N.Y., I93 r i. 

FRAZER, SIR J.O. : The Maojc Art. 2 v. N.Y., 1930. 

FRAZER, J.O. : The Scapegoat. N.Y., 1935. 

FRAZKR, SIR J.O. : Spirits of the Corn and ol thr Wild. 2v. N. Y, 1935. 

FRAZER, SIR J. O. : Studies lit Oreek Scenery, Leonid, and History, 

London, 1B3I. 
FREEMAN, I-:.A. : The Story of Sicily. N.Y., 1892. 

OARDINI'K, P..N. : Athletics of Ihr Anclml World. Oxford, 1930. 

OARDINI-R, PERCY : New Chapters In Oreek History. N.Y. 1892 

OARDlNliR, PliRCY : Principles of Oreek Art. N.Y., 1914. 

OARDNF.R, A.I-. : Ancient Athens. N.Y., 1002. 

OARDNl-R, I-.A. : Handbook of Oreek Sculpture. London, 11)20. 

OARDINI'.R, E.A. : Six Oreek Sculptors. London, 191(1. 

OARRISON, P.M. : History of Medicine. Phila., 1929. 

OIBBON, li. : The Decline and I-all of the Roman I'niplre. 6v. I veryman 

Library. 
OLOTZ, O. : Aegean Clvll/stlon. N,Y„ I92S. 



— Y\n — 

OLOTZ, Ancient Oreece at Work. N.Y., 1926. 

OLOTZ, O. : The Greek City. London, 1929. 

GLOVER, T.R. : Democracy in the Ancient World. Cambridge, Eng, 1927. 

GOETHE, J.W. VON : Poetical Works. N.Y., 1902. 

GOMME, J.W. : Popnlation of Athem. Oxford, 1933. 

GRAETZ., A. : History of the Jews. 6v. Phlla., 1891f. 

GREER ANTHOLOGY : Tr. Shane Leslie. N.Y., i929. 

OREEK ANTHOLOGY : Tr. R.G. MacGregor. London, n.d. 

GREEK DRAMASO : Tr, E.B. Browning, etc. N.Y.. l013. 

GROTE, G. : Aristotle. Sv. London, 1872. 

GROTE, O. : History of Greece. 12 v. Everyman Library. 

GROTE, O. : Plato and the Other Companions of Socrates. 3 v. London 1875. 

HAGGARD, H.W. : Devils, Drugs, and Doctors. N.Y. 1929. 

HAIGH, A.E. : The Attic Theatre. Oxford, 1907. 

HALL, H-R. : Civilization of Greece In the Bronze Age. N.Y., 1927. 

HALL, M.P. : Encyclopedic Outline of Masonic, Hermetic, Qabballstic, and 

Rosicruclan Symbolical Philosophy. San Francisco. 1928. 
HARRISON, J.E. : Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion. Cambridge, 

Eng., 1922. 

HARRISON, JE. : Themis. Cambridge, Eng., 1927.. 

HEATH, SIR T. : Aristarchus of Samos. Oxford, 1913. 

HEATH, SIR T. : History of Greek Mathematics. 2v. Oxford, 1921. 

HEITLAND, W.E. : Agricola : A Study of Agricnlure and Rustic Life in 
the Greco-Roman World, Cambridge, Eng., 1921. 

HERACLEITUS ON THE UNIVERSE. Tr. W.H.S. Jones. Loeb. Library. 

HERODES (HERODAS), CERCIDAS, AND THE OREEK CHOLIAMAIC 
• POETS. Loeb Library. 

'HERODOTUS : History. Tr. Rawlinson. 4 v. London, 1862. 

HESIOD, CALLIMACHUS, and THEOONIS : Works. London, 1856. 

HIMES, N.E. Medical History of Contraception. Baltimore. 1936. 

HIPPOCRATES : Works. 4v. Loeb Library. 

HOBHOUSE, L.T. Morals in Evolution N.Y., 1916. 

HOGARTH, D.O. : Iodia and the East. Oxford, 1909. 

•HOMER : Iliad. Tr. W.C. Bryant. Boston, 1898. 

HOMER : Iliad. Text and tr. by A.T. Murray. 2v. Loeb Library. 

'HOMER Odyssey. Text and tr. by A.T. Murry. 2v. Loeb Library. 



— YNV — 

ISOCRATES : Works. 2v. Loeb Library. 

JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA. N.V., 1901. 

JONES, H.S. : Ancient Writers on Ore'ek Sculpture. London, 1895. 

JONES, W.H.S. : Malaria and Greek History. Manchester, Eng., 1909. 

JOSEPHUS, F. : Works. 2v. Boston, 1811. 

JOURNAL of HELLENIC STUDIES. London, 1882f. 

KELLER, A.O. : Homeric Society. N.Y., 1002. 

KIRSTEIN, L. : Dance : A Short History N.Y., 1935. 
KOHLER, C. : History of Costume. N.Y., 1928. 

LACROIX, P. : History of Prostitution. 2v. N.Y., 1931. 

LANOE, F.E. : History of Materialism. N.Y., 1986. 

LESSINO, O.E. : Laocoo6n. London, 1874. 

LEWES, G.H. : Aristotle. A Chapter in the History of Science. London 
1864. 

LlNPOR<"H, I..M. : Solon the Athenian. Berkeley, Cal., 1919. 

LIPPERT, J. : Evolntion of Culture. N.Y., 1931. 

LITCHFIELD, F. : Illustrated History of Furniture. Boston, 1922. 

•LIVINGSTON,- R.W. : The Greek Genius. Oxfoid,.1924. 

LIVINGSTONE,' R.W., ed. : The Legacy of Oreece. Oxford, 1994. 

LIVY : History of Rome. 6v. Everyman Library. 

LOCY, W.A. : Growth of Biology. N.Y., 1925. 

LONOINUS : On the Sublime. Loeb Library. 

LUCIAN : Works. 4v. Oxford, 1905. 

*LUCRETIUS, E. De Rernm Nattira. Loeb Library. 

LUDWIO, E. : Schlieman. Boston, 1931. 

LYRA ORAECA : 3v. Loeb Library. 

MAHAFFY, J.P. : Empire of the Ptolemies, London, 1895. 

MAHAFFY, J.P. : Greek Life and Thought. London, 1887. 

MAHAFFY, J.P. : History of Classical Creek Literature. 4v. London, 1908. 

MAHAFFY, Old Greek Education. N.Y., n.d. 

MAHAFFY, J.P. : Progress of Hellenism In Alexander's Empire. Chicago, 
1905. 

•MAHAFFY, J.P. : Social Life in Greece. London, 1925. 

MAHAFFY, J.P. What Have the Greeks Done for Modern Civilization? 
N.Y., 1909. 



MANSON, W.A : History of the Art of Writing. N.Y., 1920. 

McCLEES, H. : Daily Ufe of the Greeks and Romans. N.Y, 1926. 

McCRINDLE, J.W. : Ancient India as Described by Megasthenes and Arrian 
Calcutta, 1877. 

MENANDER : Principal Fragments. Loeb Library. 
MEYER, E. Geschichte dea Altertume. 4v. Stuttgart, 188if. 
MOMMSEN, T, : History of Rome. 5v. London, 1901. 
MULLER, K.O. : The Dorians. Sv. Oxford, 18S0. 
MULLER-LYER, F. : Evolution of Modern Marriage N.Y. 1930. 
MULLER-LYER, F. : The Family. N.Y. 1931. 
MURRAY, A.S. : History of Greek Sculptare. 2v. London. 1890. 
MURRAY, G. : Aristophinces. N.Y. 1933. 
'MURRAY, O. : Euripides and His Age. N.Y. 1913. 
MURRAY, O. : Five Stages of Greek Religion. Oxford, 1930 

•MURRVY, O. : History of Ancient Greek Literature. N.Y. 1927. 

MURRAY, Q. : Rise of the Oreek Epic. Oxford. 1924. 

NAPLES MUSEUM.Guidetothe Archeological Collections. Naples. 1936. 
NIETZSCHE. F. : Early Oreek Philosophy. NjY. 191TT 
NILSSON. M. History of Greek Religion. Oxford. 1926. 
NORWOOD. R. : The Greek Drama. N.Y. 1920. 

OLMSTEAD. A. : History of Assyria. N.Y. 1923. 

OVID : Heroides and Amores. Loeb Library. 

OVID : Metamorphoses. Loeb Library. 

OWEN. J. : Evenings with the Sceptics. 2v. London. 1881. 

'OXFORD Book of Greek Verse in Translation. Oxford. 1938. 

OXFORD History of Music : Introductory Volume. Oxford. 1929. 

OXFORDER Buch Deutacheng DIchtung Oxford. 1986. 

PATER. W. : Plato and Platonlsm. London. 1910. 

PAUSANIAS : Description of Greece. 2v. London. 1886. 

PFUHL. E. : Masterpieces of Oreek Drawing and Painting. London. 1926. 

PH1LOSTRATUS : Lives of the Sophists. Loeb. Library. 

•PIJOAN. J. : History of Art. 3v. N.Y. n.d. 

PINDAR : Odes. Loeb Library. 

PLATO : Dialogues. Tr. Jowett. 4v. N.Y. n.di 



-Y^- 



i 



PLATO : Epistles. Loeb Library. 

PLINY : Natural History. «v. London. 1865. 

'PLUTARCH : Lives. 3v. Everyman Library. 

PLUTARCH : Moratia. Vols. I -III. Loeb Library. 

POHLMANN, R. VON : Oeachichte der Sozailen Frage und des Sozialismu* 
in der antlkeu Welt. 2v. Munchen, 1926. 

POLYRIUS : Histories. 6v. Loeb Library. 

PRATT, W.S. : History of Music. N.Y. 1927. 

QUINTILIAN : Instltutio Oratoria. 4v. Loeb Library. 

RAMSAY, SIR WM. : Haianie Elements in Oreek Civilization., New Haven r 
1928. 

RANDALL-MACIVER, D. : Oreek Cities in Italy and Sicily. Oxford, 1931. 

REINACH, S. : Orpheus : History -of Religions N.Y. 1930. 

RENAN, E. : History of the People of Israel. Bv. N.Y., 1888. 

RICHTER, O. :'Handbook of the Classical Collection. Metropolitan Museum 
Of Art, N.Y. 1922. 

RICKARD, T.A. : Man and Metals. 2v. N.Y. 1939. 

RIDDER, R., and DEONNA, W. : Art In Oreece. N.Y. 1927, 

RIDGEWAY, SIR WM. : Early Age of Oreece. Cambridge, Eng. 1901. 

ROBINSON, D.M. : Sappho and Her Influence. Boston, 1934. 

RODENWALDT, O. Die Kunst der Antike. Berlin. 1927. 

ROHDE, E. : Psyche. N.Y. 1925. 

ROSTOVTZEEF, M. : Histry of tbe Ancient World. 2v. Oxford, 1930. 

ROSTOVTZEFF, M. : Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire. 
Oxford. 19-26. 

RUSSELL, B. Principles of Mathematics. 2v. London, 1V03. 

•SACHA, AL. : History of the Jews. N.Y. 1938. 

SARTON, O. : Introduction to the History of Science. Baltimore, 1930. 

SCHLEQEL, A.W. : Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature. London, 1846. 

SCHL1EMANN, H. : Ilios. N.Y. 1881. 

CHL1EMANN, H. : Mycenae. N.Y., 1878. 

SEDGWICK, W.T., and TYLER, H.W. : Short History of Science. N.Y. 1927 

SEMPLE, E.C. : Geography of the Mediterraen Region. N.Y. 1931. 

SEXTI EMPIRICI Opera Oraece et Latine. 2v. Leipzig, 1840. 

SEYMOUR, T.D. : Life in the Homeric Age. N.Y. 1907. 



SHOTWELL, J.T. : Introduction to tbe History of History. N.Y, 1936. 

SINGER, C E. : Studies in the History and Method of Science. Vol. II. 
Oxford, 1921. 

SMITH, O.E. : Human History. N.Y. 1929. 

MITH, WM. : Dictionary of Oreek and Roman Antiquities. Boston, 185g. 

•SOPHOCLES : Tragedies. Tr. Plumptre. London, 1867. 

SOPHOCLES : Plays. 2v. Loeb Library. 

SPENCER, H. : First Principles. N.Y. la 10. 

SPENQLER, O. : Decline of the West. 2v. N.Y. Ia26f. 

SPINOZA, B. : Ethics and De Emendatione Intellectus. Everyman Libraiy. 

STABO : Geography. 8v. Loeb Library. 

SUMNER, W.G. Fokways. Boston, I9O6. ■ 

SUMNER, W. O., and KELLER, A. Q. : The Science of Society. 3v. New 

Haven, lg28. 

SWINBURNE, A.C. : Poems. Phila., n.d. 

•SYMONDS, J.A. : Studies of the Oreek Poets. London, 1920. 

TAINE, H. : Lectures on Art. N.Y. 1876. 

TARN, W.W. : Hellenistic Civilization. London, 1937. 

TAYLOR, A.E. : Plato. N.Y.. I936. 

THEOCRITUS, BION, and MQSCHUS : Poems. London, 1853. 

THEOPHRASTUS : Characters. Loeb Library. 

THOMPSON, SIR E. M. : Introduction to Oreek and Latin Paleography, 
Oxford, lgl2. 

•THUCYDIDES : History of the Peloponnesian War. Everyman Library. 
TOUTAIN, J. : Economic Life of the Ancient World. N.Y., I9SO. 
TUCKER, T.O. ; Life in Ancient Athens. Chautauqua, N.Y., lgl7. 
TYLOR, EB. : Anthropology. N.Y. laQtf. 

UEBERWEO, F. : History of Philosophy. 2v. N.Y., 1871. 
USHER, A.P. : Aistory of Mechanical Inventions. N.Y., 1929. 

VERRALL, A.W. : Euripides the Rationalist. Cambridge, Eng., Inl3. 
VINOORADOFF, SIR P. : Outlines of Historical Jurisprudence. 2v. Oxford, 

1922. 
VIROIL : Works. 2v. Loeb Library. 
VITRUVIUS : On Architecture. 2v. Loeb Library. 
VOLTAIRE, F.M.A. DE : Works. 22v. N.Y., 1927. 



— YY\ — 

WARD, CO. : The Ancient Lowly. 2v. Chicago. 1907. 

WARREN, H.L. : Foundations of Classic Architecture. N.Y., 1919. 

WAXMAN, M. : History of Jewish Litirature. 3v. N.Y., 1930. 

•wTIOALL, A. : Alexander the Oreat. N.Y., 1033. 

WEIOALL, A. : Sappho of Lesbos. N.Y., 1942. 

WESTERMARCK, E. : History of Human Marriage. 3v. London, 1921. 

WESTERMARCK, E. : Origin and .Development of the Moral Ideas. 2v. 

London, 191 7f. 
WHEWELL, »H. : History of the Inductive Sciences. 2v. N.Y., 18S9. 
WHIBLEY, L. : Companion to Oreek Studies. Cabridge, Eng., 1916. 
'WILLIAMS, H.S. : History of Science, 5v. N.Y., 1909. 
W1NCKELMANN, J. : History of Ancient Art. 4v. in 2. Boston. 1980. 
WRIOHT, F.A. : History of Later Greek Literature. N.Y, 1932. 

XENOPHON : Works. Loeb Library. 
XENOPHON : Memorabilia., Phlla 1899. 
XENOPHON : Minor Works. London, 1914. 

ZEITLIN, S. : History of the Second Jewish Commonwealth. 1933. 
ZELLER, E. : Socrates and the Socratic Schools. London, 1877. 
ZELLER, ,E; : Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics. London, 1870. 
ZIMMERN, A. : The Oreek Commonwealth. Oxford, 1924. 



Notes 



< V US3I , ^'j J* 5^1 yu^jJI f lSjSl JjI «aai ^j^Jl /i^j, ^ijl jj 
. y^i *o csou ^ oLJL v l»3l Jjj J, JjU lili 4L> f ujSI cJlf |ju 



CHAPTER I 

1. Plato, Works, Jowett \x.\Phaedo, 
109. 

2. Semple, Ellen, Geography of the 
Mediterranean Region, N.Y., 
1931, 99, 607. 

3. Evans r Sir Arthur, Palace of 
Minos, London, 1921 f, I, 20. 

4. Homer, Odyssey, tr. A.T. Murray, 
Loeb Classical Library, London, 
1927, xix, 172-7. 

5. Aristotle, Polities, 12jib. 

*. Ludwlg, Emll, Sfhliemann, 
Boston 1931, 964-5; Olotz \Q.\ 
Aegean Cevtlizatton, N.Y., 1925, 
14; Cambredg Ancient History 
(nereafter referred to as CAH), 
bl.Y., l924f, I, 1-S. 

7.^Evans, I, 18; Hall, H.R., Civili- 
zation of Greece in the Bronze 
Age' N.Y., 1997; 27; Olotz, 30- 1, 
67, 348; CAH, I, 68B-90. 

8. Evans. I, 26. 

9. Ibid., I, 27; Olotz, 3P, 40; CAH, 
1, 597-8. 

10. Olotz, 60-4; Baikle, Jas.. Sett- 
kings oj Crete, Lonion, 192)5, 
212-3. 

11. Hall. 27; Olotz, 68-73. 

12. Kdhler, Carl, History of Cos- 
tume, N Y., 192:5, frontispiece^ 
Evans. Ill, 49. 

13. CAH, I, 596 : Olotz, 65-6, 75-8, 
311, and fig. 6. 

14. Cf. Evuns. Ill, 227. 



19. Olotz, 147-8; CAH, II, 437. 

20. Thucydldes, History of the 
Peloponnesian War, Evryman 
Library, I, 1.4; cf. Herodotus, 
History, tr. Rawhlinson, Lodon, 
1862, vii, 170, and Diodorus Sic- 
ulus, Library of History, v, 78. 

21. Strabo, Geography, Loeb, Lib- 
rary, x, 4.8; Olotz, 149; Evanc, 
I, 2, IV, p. xxii; (AH, II 442; 
Homer, Odyssey, xi\ 668-70. 

22. Ibid., iii, 396. 

23. Olotzj 139-42; 1734; Baikie, 
120, l)29-i3l. 

21. Evans/ 1, facing 305, III. 13f; 
CAH, I, 591, 605,11, 432; Olotz, 
106-9, 163-4; Baikie, 97. 

25. Evans, I, facing 472; Olotz, 169, 
70, 293/ 

26. Evans./ill, 213; Hall, 16; Olotz, 
294 6, 312-31. ' 

27.' Evans, I, 15. 

28. Ibid., 161; Olotz, 229, 217-41, 
218-9, 256; Farnill, L.R , Greece 

and Babylon, Edinburgh, 1911, 
228; NllBspn, M.P., History of 

Greek 'typgion, Oxford, 1925, 

13, questions any worship of 

the bull U Crete. 

29. Glotz, 146./244-7; Evans, IV 468-9. 
80. Ibid.; Olotz, 252-4. 

31. Ibid., 231-8, 265-70; 273-4; Far- 
nell, 125; Reinash. S., Orp toe. 
N.Y., 1930, 33; Nilsson, 13, 16; 
CAH, II, 444-5. 



-Ytr= 



33. Miion. W. A , History of the 
Art of Writing, N.Y., 1920, 815- 
88, 3S1; Evans, I, 16, 124f. IV, 
xx, 959; Olotz, 150, 196, 371-7, 
881-7; Encyclopaedia Britannic*, 
14th ed., I, 913; CAH, II, 437; 
Whlbley, L., Companion to Greek 
Stedfts, Cambridge U.P., 1916-96 

33. Olotz, 165, 388; Baikle, 238. 

34* Homer, Iliad, xvlii, 690. 

35. Olotz, 174, 821, 

36. Evaue, I, 848-4; Evans in Baikle, 
71 ; Relnach, 82; Pliny, Natural 
History, London, 1855, xxxvi, 
19; Olotz, 108. 

37. Hall, 102. 

38. Evans, I, 142, III, 252-1; Bur- 
rows, R.M., In Baikle, 99, and 
Semple, 670. 

39. Evans, III, 116-22. 
■40. In Baikle, 129. 

40a. Evans. Sir Arthur, "The Mino- 
an and Mycenaean Element In 
Hellenic Life", Journal of Hdle- 
nie Studies, XXXII (1912), 277f; 
Hall, 87. 

41. Evans, Palace of Minos, I, 17. 

49. Ibid., 16-7; Smith, Human Bis- 
torn, 378-90; Hall, 35; Olotz, 
191-3, 209; Speng'er, Qswald, 
Decline of the Vest, N.Y., 1996 
■8, II, 88. 

43. Strabo, xiv, 2.27; Evans,"Minoan 
and Mycenaean Element," 288. 

44. Herodotus, vii, 170 : CAH, II, 
475; Smith, Q.E , 398. 

45. Baedeker, K-, Greece, Leipzig, 
1909, 417. 

46. CAH, I, 443-3. 

47. Himes, Norman, Medical Bislorp 
of I Contraception, Baltimore, 
1936, 187. 

48. Orate, Q, History of .Greece, 
Everyman Library, 1, 190;Orazer, 
Sirjas., Dying God, N.Y., 1935. 71 

49. Dlodorus, iv, 76. ' 

50. Ibid., 79 Qvld, Metamorphoses, 
Loeb Library, viil, 18lf. 

61. Pausaniaa, Description of Greece 
London, 1886, ix, 40. 



59. Plutrach, Lives, "Thesem--; 
Homer, Odyssey, xi, 821-5. 

53. E.g. f Polybins, Histories, Loeb 
Library, vi, 45. 

54. Strabo, x, 4.16-22. 

CHAPTER II 

1. Schliemann, H. i /#m,N.Y.1881,3. 

2. Ibid, 9. 

3. Ibid., 17. 

4. Ludwig, p. ix. 

6. Schliemann, 14-16. 

6. Lndwig, 137. 

7. Ibid., 182-8, 183, 284. 

8. Schliemann, 26. 

9. Ibid., 41; Ludwig, 139, 165 

10. Schliemann, H., Meeenae, N.Y., 
1878, 101-9. 

11. Homer, Iliad., ii, 559. 

12. Ludwig, 284. 
18. Ibid., 956-7. 

14. Pausanias, Ii, 25. 

16. Warren, HL., Foundations •/ 
Classic Architecture, N. Y., 1919 
124-5; Pausanias, II, 26. 

16. Ibid., ii, 15. 

17. Iliad, ii, 69, vii, 180; Odyssey, 
lil, 806. 

18. Pausanias, ii, 16. 

19. Schliemann, Mycenae, 29Bf;CAH 
II, 462-3; Olotz, 46; Enc. BriU, 
XVI, 38. 

30. Hall, I; Nllsaon, II; Olotz, 31-3; 
Whibley, 27. 

20a. Murray, A.S., History of Greek 
Sculpture, London, 1890, I, 61. 

31. Herodotus, ii, 51, 67. 

23. Pansanias vii, 2-8J Hall, ii. 
23. Ibid.; Olotz, 47; Evans, I, 38; 

CAH, I, 608. 
34. Lippert, J., Evolution of Culture, 

N.Y., 1931, 171. 

85. Olotz, 47-8. 

36. These frescoes are all in the 
National Museum at Athens. 
They are reproduced in Roden- 
woldt, 0., Kunts der Antike, 
Berlin, 1927, 1431. 

37. Schliemann, lios, 381-3. 



YYi — 



29. National Museum, Athens; Evans 
III, 13i; Rodenwaldt, 148-9. 

30. Nat. Mus., Athens; Rodenwaldt, 
152. 

81. Evans, III, 1»8; Olotz, 888. 

32. Oardiner, P., New Chapters in 
Greek History, N.Y., 1892, 178; 
Hvans, "Minoan and Mycenaean 
Element," 28; Mason, 327-8; 
Farnell, 97-8. 

33. Schliemann, Itions, 587. 

34. Ludwig, 280. He was later 
financed by Kaiser Wllhelm II. 

86. CAH, II, 489-90. 
86. Schliemann, llios 453-505; Enc* 
Brit, XXII, 502-8. 

37. CAH, II, 488; Schliemann, llios, 
123. 

38. Bury, J.B., History of Greece. 
London, 1931, 46; CAH, II, 487. 

39. Iliad, xx, 230f. | 

40. Herodotus, il, 118; Strabo, xlii, 
1.48. 

41. Murray! O., Rise of the Qreek 
Epic, Oxford, 1934, 49. 

42. Ramsay, Sir—., Asiatic Elements 
in Greek Cirilizatton, Yale U.P, 
1928, 109. 

43. Berard, M., in Semple, 699; 
Murray, Epic. 88. 

44. Schliemand, llios, 240, 253; 
Bury. 48; Qlotz, 197, 217. 

CHAPTER III 

1. CAH, II, 276-83; Olotz, 90. 

2. Iliad, II 681. 

3. Rldgeway, Sir— m., Early Age 
of Greece, Cambridge U.P.,1901, 
88-90, 337, 680, 682-4, etc. 

4. CAH, II, 478; Hall, 248, 289. 

5. Burry. 6; Olotz, 386-7. 

6. Nllsson, 61. 

7. Odyssey, sx, 588f ; Diodorus, Iv.77. 

8. Thucydider, i, 1.8, ii, 6.15. 

9. Diodorus, iv, 9. 

10, One form of the legend tells 

bow Heraeles triumphed • over 

fifty virgins In s single night.— 

, Athenaeus, Detpuosophisis. Or 

Banquet of the Learned, London, 



1854, xili, 4; Pausanias, ix, 27. 

11. Diodorus, iv, 85, 53. 

12. Ibid., Iv, 57-8. 
18. Ibid iv, 41-8. 

14. CAH, II, 475, III, 662. 
16. Iliad, ii, 683, iii, 76. 

16. Ibid., xxili, 198. 

17. xxiv, 228. 

18. xxix, 186. , 

19. xviii, 641, xxi, 257; Keller, AG., 
Homeric Society, N.Y., 1902, 78. 

20. Iliad, v, 87-9. 

21. Olotz, O., Ancient Greece at 
Work, N.Y., 1926, 36. 

22. Odyssey, xx, 72. 

23. Symour, T.D., Life In the Houe- 
ric Age, N.Y, I9O7, 234, 209-10. 

24. Olotz. Ancient Greece, 88; Ridge- 
way in Boisford, G,— ., Athenian 
Constitution, N.Y., 1895, 82. 

25. Ibid., 35; Pohlmann, R. von, 
Gesehlchte der soztalen Fragt' 
and desSozialisnus in der antiken 
Welt, Munchen, 1925, 6, 1, 29; 
Browne, H., Handbook of Home- 
ric Study, London, 1908, 209; 
Seymour 286, 273; Burry 64. 

26. Iliad, xxlii, 826. 

27. Ibid., xxiil, 341. 

28. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 45. 

29. Ibid., 42; Calhoun. O.M., Busi- 
ness Life of Ancient Athens, 
Chicago, 1926, 13. 

30. Odyssey, xv, 8Sf, 

31. Ibid., vi, 116. 

32. xiv, 202. 

38. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 281 f. 
84. Mad, xlx, 247. 

35. Ibid., ii, 210f. 

36. Odyssey, xxl, 224-6. 

37. Ibid., iv, 184. 

88. Iliad, ix, 74. 

89. Odyssey, vi, 207. 

40. Ibid., iv, 20; 267-8. 

41. xv, 82f. 

42. vlH, 870f. 

43. Oardiner, E.N., Athletics of the 
Ancient World, Oxford, 1930, 
27; Mahaffy, J.P.. Sodai Lift i* 
Greece. N.Y..gl925. 51. 



-TTo 



44. Gardiner, E.N., 21-3; Iliad xxiii, 
166f. 

45. Thucydides, i, 1.5. 

46. Odyssey, vlii, 158f. 

47. Ibid., ix, 39f. 

48. Iliad, x, 383. 

49. Odyssey, xili, 287-95. 

50. Ibid., ii, 234, iv 1 690, xiv, 138-141 

51. Ibid., i, 87, viii, 14; Iliad, ii, 169 

52. Odyssey, i, 57-9; Iliad, xx, 18 

53. Odyssey, xvli, 280 

54. Athenaeus, xili, 8 ; Harrison, 
Jane, Prolegomena to the study 
of Greek Religion, Cambridge 
U.P., 1922, 260-2. 

55. Athenaeus, xiii, 4 
66. Iliad, xviii, 693 

57. Ibid., xviii, 490 

58. vi, 169 

69. Odyssey, 1, 153, 325, viH, 43-64, 
xxi, 406-8 

60. Ibid., xxi, 46 

61. Iliad, vi, -318-7 

62. Ibid., 1. 249 
S3, iii, 292 

64. Murray, Epic, 129 

65. Sumner, — .Q., and Keller, A.O., 
Seiedee of Society, New Haven, 
1928, I, 658 

66. CAH, II, 478; Murray Epic, 174 

67. Whibley, 30 

68. Pliny, xxxvi, 64 

69. Orote, I, 77 

70. Ptutarch, De StoieorumRepug- 
nantiis, 83, in Bakewell, CM., 
Source Book in Ancient Philoso- 
phy, N.Y., 1909, 278 

71. Iliad, vi, 406 

72. Ibid., viii, 542 

73. CAH, III, 670 

74. Odyssey, Iv, 621 

75. Butcher and Lang, Odyssey, N. 
Y., 1927, introd., xxiv 

77. Seymour, 73 

78. Odyssey, v, 151-8 

79. Ibid., vi, 239 

80. Nllssu, 4-5 

81. Oydssey, xix, 177 

82. Thucydides, i, 1.2 



83. Herodotus, i, 68 

84. Evans, IV, 477, 9B9 

85. Fauaanias, iii, 2. 

86. Ridder, A. de, and Deonna, — . y 
Art in Greece, N.Y., 1927, 167 

CHAPTER !V 

1. Plato, Phaedrus, 244; Frazer, 
Magic Art, N.Y., 1935, II, 358; 
Reinach, Orpheus, 98; CAH, 
II, 629 

8. Orote, IV, 196 

3. Mahaffy, J. P., What Have the 
Greeks Done for Civilization ? 
N.Y., 1909, H 

4. Plato, Timaeus, 28-3 

5. Herodotus, ii, 143 

6. Ibid., ii, 63, 81, 123; Dlodorus, 
1, 96; Harrison, Prolegomena, 
574-5 

7. Herodotus, ii, 109 ; Strabo, xvit, 
3 : Diodorus, i, 69 ; Smith, Q.E., 
417-8 ; Rider, 7, 341. 

8. Ibid.; Smith, 418-29; Warren, 
Foundations, 193-4 

9. Glotz, Ancient Greece. 128; 
Day, C, Bistory of Commerce, 
London, 1926, 14 

10. Olmostead, A. T., History of 
Assyria, N.Y., 1923. 537 

11. Herodotus, ii, 109 
18. Orote, IV, 184 

18. Heath, Sir Thos., Bistory of 
Greek Mathematics, Oxford, 1931 
I, 44, II, 21 ; CAH, IV, 539 

14. Ridder, 840 ; Anderson, W. J. 
and Spiers, R.P., Architecture of 
Greece and Rome, London, 1902 
49; Gardner, E.A., Handbo 
Greek Sculpture London, 1920, 
61-2 
. 16. Cook, A. B., Zeus, Cambridge 
U.P. 1914, 777. 

16. Strabo, viii, 6; CAH, III, 640-2; 
Orote, III, 96 

17. Herodotus, ill, 131 

18. Oardner, E. A., Handbook, 365. 

19. Pausanlas, iv, 6-14 

20. Strabo, vii, 5.4 



— YY1 — 



21. Muller, K.O., in Rawlinton's 
Herodotus vil, 234n. The calcu- 
lation is for 48o B.G., Meyer,' 
Ed.,' Qesehichte des Alterthums, 
Stuttgart, 1884f. Ill,' §§ 263-4, 
gives the population of Loconia 
ca. 470 as 12,-000 Spartans (4000 
adult males), 80,000 Perioeci, 
and 190,000 Helots. 

22. CAH, V, 7 . 

23. Plutarch, Spartan Institutions, 
in Lyra Graeca, London, 1928, 
III, 387; Mahaffy, Social Life, 
45; Cicero, in Cotterill, H.B., 
History of Art, N.Y., n.d., I, 61 

24. Grot*, IV, 264 

So. Greek Anthology, ix, 488, in 
Lyra Grtteca, I, 29 

28. Orote, III, 195; Murray, Sir O., 
History of Ancient Qreeck Lite- 
rature, N.Y., 1927, 80 

27. In Ridder, 106 

28. Orote, III, 195 

29. Mahaffy, J.P., History of Clas- 
sical Qreeck Literature, London, 
1908, I, 189; Saeroix, -Paul, 
History of Prostitution, N.Y., 
1981) I, 149-50 

30. Alcman, Free. 36 in Lyra 
Greaca, I, 77 

.81. Das Oxf order -Buck Deutsehen 
Dlchlung, Oxford, 1936, 117 

31. Ooethe, J. V. von, Poetical 
Works Mfcbbb, N.Y,, 1909, 61. 

33t Glover, T.R., Democrrey In the 
Antienl World, Cambridge U.P, 
1927,. 84 

34. Herodotus, I, 85 

85. Aristotle, Politics, 1271b 

86. Plutarch, "Lycurgus" 

87. Ibid 

38. Ibid.; Polybius, vi, 48 
89. Thucydides, i; 6 

40. E.g., Polybius, vi, 10 

41. Plutarch, "Lycurgus" 
48. Ototz, Ancient Greece, BB 

48. Coulonges, Fustel de, Ancient 

City, Boston, 1901, 460 
44. Plutarch, I.e. 



45. Ibid., Orote, III, 148 

46. Thucydides, iv, 14 

47. Coulanges, 294; Olotz, G„ Greek 
City, London, 1929, 300; Carroll, 
M., Greek Women, Phila., 1908, 
136 

48. Mahaffy. J. P., Old Greek 
Education. N.Y.,.ri.d., 10 

49. Hesiod, Callimucbus, and Theo- 
gnis, Works, tr. Banks and Frere, 
London, 1856, 44 In. 

50. Plutarch, I.e.; Orote, III, 157; 
.Muller-Lyer, F„ Family, N.Y., 

1931, 45 

51. Thucydides, i, 3 

52. Nilsaon, 94 

53. Mahaffy, Greek Education 46- 

54. Plutarch, "Demetrius." 

55. Xenophon, Anabasis, Loeb Lib- 
rary, Iv, 6.15 

56. Symonds, J. A., Greek Poets, 
London, 1920, 159 

57. Becker, — ., Charicles, London, 
1886, 246, 297 

58. Carroll, 138-40; Weigall, A., 
Sapphoof Lesbos, N.Y., 1932, 101 

69. Plutarch, "Lycurgus" ; Llppert, 
301 

60. Athenaeus, xiil, 2 

61. — hibley, 618 

62. Orote, III, 155-6; Sumner,-— . 0* 
Folk-ways, Boston, 1906, 351 

63. Athenaeus, xiii, 2 

64. Plutarch, "Numa and Lycurgus 
Compared." 

65. Aristotle, Politics, 1270a; Orote, 
IU, 168-7; Briffault, R., Mothers, 
N.Y., I, 899 

66. Plutarch. "Lycurgus" ; Olotz, 
Ancient Greece, 89 

67. Athenaeus, xii, 74 
' 68. Plutarch, I.e. 

69. Orote, III, 131, IX, 298; Rawlis- 
son's Herodotus, iii, 148 

71. Orote, HI, 132, 158 

72. Plutarch, "Pelopldas." 

73. E.g., Herodotus, i, 82 

74. Ibid., vii, 104 



-YYV- 



75. Xenophon, "Constitution of the 
Lace d*emonlans," In Minor 
Works, London. 1914, i, I. 

76. Pausanias, v, I. 

77. Ibid., vli, 21 

78. Frazer, Sir J., Studies in Qreek 
Scenery, Legend, and History, 
London, 1931, 324-5 

79. Pausanias, ii, I; Olotz, Ancient 
Greece, 116 

80. Strabo, viii, 6.21 

81. Iliad, H, 670 

82. Arhtoile (?), Economics, Loeb 
L'brary ii, 3 

83. Aristotle, Politics, 1315b 

84. Enc. Brit., XVI, 6:6. Others 
attribute the first Corinthian 
coinage to Cypse us ; cf. CAH, 
ill, 652 

8a. Olotz. Greek City, 113, Ancient 
Greece, 86; — elgall, Sappho, 46 

86. Plutarch, Moralia, Loeb Library, 
147D 

87. Herodotus, 11L 60*3; Diogenes 
Laertius, Lins and Opinions 
of the Eminent Philosophers, 
London, 1853, "Periander." 

88. Aristophanes, The Eleven Corne- 
ous, N.Y. 1908, Frogs, 138; 
Lacroix, I, 110 

89. Pinidr, Odes, Loeb Librsry, 
Frag. 122 

90. Strabo, viii, 6.20 

91. Atnenaeus, xili, 32 

92. Ibid., 33 

93. St. Paul, I Cor. vi, 15-18 

94. Semple, 669 

96. Pausanias. vl, 17-19 ; Litchfield, 
F., History of Furniture, Boston, 
1922, 13 

96. CAH, III, 564 

97. Olotz, Greek City, 113 

98. Orote, III, 264-6 

99. Theognis, 237, in Dickinson, 
O.L., Qreek View of Life N.Y. , 
1928, 186 

100. Theognis in. Hesiod, Calllma- 
chus and Theognis, Works, 
444-6 

101. Ibid., II. 373f. 



102. Ibid.. II, 349f. 

103. Synonds, 161 

104. Botsford, O. — ., and Sihler, 
E.O., Hellenic Civilzation, N.Y., 
1920, 1984; Coulanges, 369 

105. Sjmonds, 162 

106. Theognis in Hesiod, etc., 442 

107. Ibid., 470-1, 447-8, 489-90 

108. 479-81 

109. 477, 491-3 

110. 454-6 

111. Ringeway, 3) 

112. Calhoun, 30-1; Simple, 669 

113. Pausanias, ii, 26 

114. Pindar. Pythian iii, 47-68 

116. Gardner, E.A., Ancient Athens, 
N.Y., 1902, 431 

CHAPTER V 

1. Stabo, viii, 6 21; Ix, 2.26 

2. Pausanias. ix, 31 

S. Mahaffy, Greek Literature I, HT 

4. Enc Brit., XI, 629 

5. Hesiod, Works and Days, 640 

6. Ibid., 665 

7. Oardiner. E.N., Athletics, 30 

8. Pausanias, ix, 31 ; cf. Mahaffy, 
Greek Literature, I, 136 ; CAH, 
IV, 474; Orote,. I, 12 

9. Hesiod, Theogony, 1-6 

10. 120f 

11. Nllsson, 185-6 

12. Theogony, I66f 

13. Ibid., 73fif 

14. Works and Days, 266 
16. Ibid., 286f 

16. 504f 

17. 54f 

18. Theogony, 686f 

19. Works and Days 696f 

20. Ibid , 109f 

21. Mahaffy, Social Life, 72 

22. Mahaffy, Qreek Literature, 64 

23. Diodorus, xvi, 28; Frazer, Stu- 
dies, 374-6 

24. Pope, A., Essay on Man 

25. Bury, 95; CAH, III, 619. Others 
(Murray, Epic, 43, md' Enc. 
Brit, XII, 575) derive the OtaU 
from Epirus 



— YYA — 



26. Cicero, De Fato, 7. 

27. Baedeker, xxvll; ZImmern, A., 
Greek Commonwealth, Oxford,' 

28. Hippocrates, Works, Loeb Libra- 
ry, In trodnctory Essay I to Vol. 
II, by W. H. S. Jones; cf Jones, 
W. H. S., Malaria and Greek 
History, Manchester U.P., 1909. 

29. Isocrates, Works, Loeb Library, 
Patugyricus, 24 

80. Ridder, 122 

31. Orate, III, 370-4; Vinogradoff, 
Paul, Outlines of Historical 
Jurisprudence, Oxford, 1922, II, 

86-6 

32. Frazer, Studies, 68-9 

48. Aristophanes, I, 196, editoVs 

note. 
84. Baedeker, 104 

35. CAH, III, 679-80 

36. Aristotle, Constitution of Athens, 
London, 1891, Beet. 57; Orote, 
III, 890; Conlanges, 331 

37. Meyer, Ed., in Zimmern, 896 

38. Aristotle,' Constitution, 2 says 
that these "sixth-shares" paid 
one-sixth of their product to 
the owner ,and Plutarchf'Solon") 
follows him; but recent scholar- 
ship inclines to believe that the 
sixth part was the amount kept, 
not paid. Cf. Bury, 174; Olotz, 
Greek City, 102. 

.39. Botsford, Athenian Constitution, 
141. 

40. Aristotle, Constitution, 2. 

41. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 61, 80, 
Greek City, 102 

42. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 71 
48. CAH, IV, 33 

44. Ibid 

46. Orote, III, 293-4; Coulanges, 418 

46. Plntarch, "Solon." "* 

47. Botsford, Constitution, 143 

48. Pdhlmann, 158; Olotz, Ancient 
Greece, 71. 

49. Olotz, Greek Cltt, 119 

50. Plutarch, Amatorlas, 751c, In 
Ltnforth, I.M., Solon the Athe- 
nian, Berkeley, Cal., 1919, 166-7 



61. Diog. L., "Solon," ii. 
52. Plutarch. "Solon." 
63. Diog. L, "Solon," ix. 

54. Aristotle, Constitution, 5; Orote, 
HI, 313; Botsford, 158 

55. Aristotle, 6, 12 
56.- CAH, IV, 38. 

57. Aristotle, 6 

58. Plutarch, "Solon" 

59. Orote, III, 819 

60. Aristotle, 10 

61. Plutarch, Ic. 

62. Orote, III, 316; Mahaffy, What 
Have the Greeks Done' for 
Civilization P, 186 

68. .CAH, IV, 134; Bury, 183 

64. Plutarch, I.e. 

66. Aristotle, 12,' Orote, III, 331-2. 

66. Plutarch, I.c. 

67. Ibid., Aristotle, 9 

68. Coulanges, 420; CAH, IV, 42; 
Orote, II, 350 

69. Plutarch, I.c. 

70. Diog L., "Solon," vii 

71. Athenaeus, xlll, 25; Lacroix, I, 
68-70; Bebel, A., Woman under 
Socialism, N.Y., 1928, 36 

72. Plntarch, I.e.; Orote, III, 351; 
Tucker, T.O., Life In Ancient 
Athens, Chautauqua, N.Y., 1917, 
159 

73. Plntarch 

74. Ibid 

76. Diog. L, "Solon," xvl 

76. Orote, III, 344 

77. Diog. L i I.e. 

78. Ene. Brit., XX, 965 
79..Herodtus, i, 29 

80. Plato, Amatores, 133, in LInforth, 
•130 

81. Herodotus, 1, 30 

82. Plutarch, I.e. 

83. Diog. L., "Solon," iii 

84. DIodorus, ix, 20 

85. Herodofus, i, 60 ; Athenaeus, 
xill, 89 

86. Aristotle, Constitution, 16 

87. Olotz, Greek City, 121 

88. Calhoun. 29 

89. Aristotle, Polities, 1310a 



-YY*- 



90. Thueydides, vi, 19. 

91. Athenaeus, xiii, 70; Lacroix, 1,153 

92. Aristotle, Politics lBOOb 

CHAPTER VI 

t 

1. Pater, W., Plato and Platonism, 

London, 1910, 346. 
S. Thueydides, i, I. 
3. CAH. Strabo, x, 5.6; Plutarch, 

MoraUia Loeb Library, 9190. 

5. Lyra Qratca II, 639 

6. Aristophanes, Peace, 695 

7. Cicero, De Oratione, il, 86, in 
Lyra Qroeca, II, 306 

8. Lyra Greaca, II, 257 

9. Ibid., HI, 897, 339; tr. J. A. 
Symonds, Qrrek Poets, 155, 167 

10. Cicero, De Natura Deoram, 
Loeb Library, i, 22 

11. Thueydides, ill, 109 

12. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 113 

13. Botsford and Slhler, 188 

14. Carroll, 99 

15. CAH, IV, 483 

16. Symonds, 169 

17. Herodotus, iii, 57 

18. Ovid, Metamorphoses, Loeb Lib- 
rary, x, 243 

19. Herodotus, I, 142 

20. Ibid., I, 146 

21. Ibid., i, 170; Diog. L., "Tales." 

22. Aristotle, Pottles, Loeb Library, 
1259a 

23. Diog. L., "Thales," Hf-viii; Plu- 
tarch, "solon," 

94. Heath, Greek Mathematics, 1, 
130; I eberweg, F., History of 
Philosophy, N.Y., 1871, I, 34-5 
Heath, I, 137; Herodotus, i r 74 

26. Aristotle, Metaphysics, tr. M' 
Mataon, London, 1857, i, 3 

27. Ibid 

28. Diog. L., "Tales," ill 

29. Ibid., "Thnlea » viii 4 

30. Ibid 

31. Ibid., 'Thales." xli 
89. Starbo, xiv, 4.7 

33. .Spencer, First Principles of a 
New System of Philosophy, N.Y., 
1910,367. ' 



34. Bakewell, 6 

36. Heath, II, 36; Orote, V, 94 

36. Bakewell, 6. 

37. Aristotle , Metaphysics, i, 3 
Bakewell, 7; CAH IV, 664 

38. Athenaeus, xii, 26xiil, 29, xiv 20 

39. Ibid , xii, 2b 

40. Diog. L., "Bias," i-Iv 

41. CAH, IV, 92-3 

42. Herodotus, ii, 134 

43. Plntarcb, Moralla, 16C 

44. Leslie, Shane, Greew Anthology, 
N.Y., 1929, x, 123 

45. Pfuhl, Ernst, Masterpieces of 
Greek Drawing and Painting, 
London, 1926 Fig. 79 

46. Sarton, Qeo., Introduction to the 
History of Science, Baltimore, 
1930, I, 76 

47. Pausanias, viii, 14; Qlotz, Ancient 
Greece, 132; Jones, H. Stuart,. 
Ancient Writings on Greek Scul- 
pture, London, 1 896-, 24-5 

48. Ridder, 174 

49. Pliny, xxxv, 46 

60. Ibid., xxxvi, 91 

61. Athenaeus, xii, 29 

62. Carroll, 102 

53. Frag. 78 in Berodes, Cerddas, 
and the Greek Choliambie Poets, 
Loeb Library, 66 

54. Dlog. L. in Heracleltus, On the- 
, Universe, Loeb Library, 464 

55. Cf. Mahaffy, What Save the 
Greek ?, 219 

56. Bakewell, 33. 

57. Nietzsche, P., Early Greek Phi- 
losophy, N.Y. 1911, 103-4 

58. Diog. L., "Heracleitiis," v. 

59. Strabo,. xiv, 1.28J Weigall, 
Sappho, 155; Webster's Diction- 
ary, s.v. colophon. 

60. Weigall, 186; Symonds, 150 

61. Tr. in Harrison, Prolegomena, 178- 

62. Lyra Qratca, HI, 636, II, 126 131 

63. Athenaeus, x, 83 

64. Lyra Qratca, II, 126, 139 

65. Ibid., 145, frag. 16 

66. Greek (Palatine) Anthology, vil24 

67. Diodorug, xx, 84 



-tr«- 



88. Herodotus, viii, 105; Qlotz, 

Ancient Greece, 85 
6Q. Athenaeus, vi, 88-00; Ward, C. 

O , Ancient Lowly , Chicago, 

1907. I, 12df 

70. Eratosthenes in Orate, II, 159 

71. Lyra Graece, I, 333; Athenaeus, 
xiv, 23 

72. Tr. by Symonds, 197 

78. Stobaeus, Antholoy, xxix, 68, In 
Lara Qraeca, I, Ml 

74. Greek Anthology, In, 606 

75. Strabo, xiii, 2.3 

76. Ovid. Heroid.es, Loeb Library, 
xv, 81 ; scholiast on Lncian,. 
Imag, 18, In Lyra Qraeca, 1, 160 

77. Weigall, Sappho, 76 

78. Ibid., 176 

79. Symonds, 196 

80. Weigall, 86 

81. Lyra Qraeca I, 437 

82. Athenaeus, xii, 69 

81. Donginus, On the Sublime, Loeb 

Library, ix, 16 
«. Berliner Klrssikertexte, p. 9722, 

in Lyra Qraeca, i, 289 

86. Murray, Greek Literature, 92; 
Weigall 173, 90; Robinson, D.M. 
Sappho and Ber Influence, Bos- 
ton, 1924, 58 

87. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, S02* 

88. Weigall, 321 

89. Suidas, Lexicon, S.v.. Phaon, in 
Lyra Qraeca, I, 153; Strabo, 
x, 2.8 

90. Ovid, Heroides, xv 

91. Oxyrhynchue Papyrus 1281, In 
Weigall, 291 

92. Lyra Qraeca, I, 435 

93. Athenaeus, xiii, 89 

94. Strabo, xii, 3.1 1 

96. Ramsay, Asianic Elements, 118 

96. Diodorus, iv, 49 

97. Polybins, Iv, 88 
-98. Semple, 72-3, 814 

99. Murray, Greek Literature, 8* 

CHAPTER VII 

1. Paueanias, iii, S3 

2. Ludwig, 266; Cook, Zeus, 776 



3. Schliemam, Ihos, 41 

4. Strabo, x, 8.9 

5. Journal of Hellenic Studies, LVI, 

170-89, London lfc82f. 

6. Grote, IV, 160-1 

7. Mahaffy, Greek Literuture.lfil-S; 
J.B. Studies, LV, 138 

8. Randall - Maclver, D., Greek 
Cities in Italy and Sicilf, Ox- ' 
ford, 1931, 75; CAH, III, 676 

9. Diodorus, iii, 9 

10. Athenaeus, xii, 20 

11. Ibid., xii, 15, 17 

12. Ibid , 68 

13. Herodotus, vi, 127 
16. Crete, IV, 168 

16. Athenaeus, xii, 19 

17. Diog. L., "Pythagoras," ix 

18. Enc. Brit., XVIII, 802 

19. Diog. L., "i-ia, xvii ; Heath, 
Greek Math., 1, 4 

20. Cicero, De Finibas, Loeb Library, 
v, 29, 87; Diodorus, I, 98 

21. Cicero, Tusculan Disputations, 
Loeb Library | ii, 15 

32. Carroll, 299, 307, 310 

23. Diog. L., "P>thagoras," vili, 

24. Ibid., "Pythagoras," xix, xvlii; 
Orote, V, 103 

96. Diog. L., "Pythagoras," xix 

26. Ibid., "Pylh.," xvlii 

27. Orote, V, 100-1 

28. Diog. L , "Pyth ," xxil ; Cook, 
Zeus, 1 

29. Diog. "Pyth., viii 

30. Heath, 1, 10 

31. Prosluo, in Heath, I, 141. 

32. Diog. L., "Pyth.," xi 

33. Wnibley, 229 

34. Heath, 1, 70, 85. 145 

35. Whewell, W., History of the 
Inductive Sciences, N.Y., 1869, 
1, 106; Oxford History of Muiic 
Oxford U.P., 1929, Introductory 
Volume, 3 

36. Aristotle, Works, ed. Smith and 
Ross, Oxford, 1991, De Coelo, 
ii, 9; Metaphysics, 1, 6; Oxford 
History of Music, 27; Heath, 1, 
166, II, 107- 



- tn- 



37. Heath, II, 65, 11 9;. Berry, A., 
Short History of Astronomy, N. 
Y., 1909, 24 

38. Diog. L.. «Pyth.," xxv. 

39. Ibid., 9, Introd., xviih 

40. Livingstone, R. W., Legacy of 
Greece, Oxford, 1924, 59 

41. Diog. L., "Pylh ," xix 
49. Ibid 

43. Rohde, Erwin, Psyche,. N. Y., 
• 1925, 375; Pater, Plato. 64 

44. Greek Anthology, vii, 120 

45. Ariftotle, Nicomaehem Ethics, 
v 8 

46. Dlog. L , "pyth.." xxi 

47. Orote, IV, 154-8 j CAH, IV, 

I ' 115-6 

48. Frag. 84 in Mhibley, 89 

49. Heatb, II, 52 ; Mahaffy, Greek 
Lit., I, 138 

50. FragB.14-6,5-7,1-3, In Bakwell, 8 

62. Diog. L-, "Xenophanes," HI 

63. Frags. 9-10 

64. Bakewell, 10-11 

55. Warren, Foundations, 341 : but 
Koldewey (ibid.) places it about 
460 

56. Randall-Maclver, 9-10 

67. Child, V.Q,,.Dawn of European 
Civilization, N.Y. 1995, 98-100 

68. Thucydides, vi, 18 ,' Diodorus, 
v, S 

69. Orote, IV, 149 

60, Freeman. E.A., Story of Sicily, 
N.Y., 1899, 66 

61. Ibid 

62 Polyhlus, xii, 96 

63. Ibid., ix, 27 

64. Ibid., v, 2 

66. Herodotus, vii, 156 

6ft. Luclan, Works, tr. H. W. and 
F.O. Fowler, Oxford, 1905, Her- 
motimaa," 34 

67. Olotz, ' Ancient Greece, 116 ; 
Draper, J. W., History of the 
Intellectual Development of 
Europe, N.Y., 1876, I, 52 

CHAPTER VIII 

II CAH, II, 610 

( T-»lf i f t «!jUJ.IJ-f-\A) 



S. Cf. Sophocles, Oedipus at Colo- 
mas, 1470 ; Cook, Zeus, prssim 

3. Iliead, iii, 977 

4. Frazer, Magic Art, I, 815 

5. Murray, Q. Five Stages of 
Greek Religion, Oxford U.p., 
1930, 60 

6. Nilsson, 91; FantW.Greece 'and 
Babylon, 228 

7. Nillson, 91-2/ Heracleitus in 
Bakewell, 29 

8. Murray, O. Aristophanes : A 
Study, N.Y., 1933, 6 

9. Harrlsont Jane, Prolegomenat, 
898; Olotz, Aegean Civilisation, 

391-2; Briffault, Mothers, HI, 146 

10. Mnmy, Five Stages, 35-6; Reina. 
cb, S., Orpheus 86 ; Frazer Sir 
J., Spirits of the Corn and of 
Wild, N.Y., 1936, I, 4 

11. Whlbley, 387 

12. Murray, Five Stages, 31 

13. Ibid., 29, 33; Harrison, Prolego- 
menat, PP. viit and 28 

16. Harrison, 18 

16. Rodenwaldt, 815 

17. Sophocles, Phlloctetes, 1327-9 ; 
Harrison, 297f 

18. Ibid., 325 

19. Rohde, 159 

20. Nilson, 133 
31. Rohde, 297 

22. Ibid., 179 

23. Seymour, 98; Odyssey; i, 56f ; 
Iliad, iv, 14f 

24. Ibid., viii, 17-27 
26. Semple,' 529 

26. Iliad, xvl, 661f 

27. Hesiod, Theogony, 887 f 

28. Iliad, xv, 17 

39. Frszer, Magic Art, I, 14-15 
80. Iliad, viii, 880f 

31. Ibid., xx, 46, xxi, 406 

32. Smith, Win, Dictionary of Greek 
and Roman Antiquities, Boston, 
1859, 603 

33. CAH, II, 637; Olotz, Ancient 
Greece, 112; Blakeney, M.A., 

ti.,Smaller Classical Dictionary, 
Everyman Library, 258 



-Yrv- 



34. CAH, I.c. 

35. Diodorus, iv, 6 
"86. Attaenaens, xli, 80 

37. Oardner, P., New Chapters, 167 
SB. Frazer, Sir J., Adonis, Attis, 

Osiris, N.Y., 1935,226; Gardner, 

New Chapters, 157 

39. Semple, 43-4 

40. In Symonds, 204 

41. Diodorus, ii! 69 

42. Herodotus, il, 49-57 

48. Nilsson, 86; CAH, IV, 527 

44. Ibid., 535 

45. Rohde, 220 \ Oardner, New 
Chapters, 385 

.46. Diodorus, iv, 25 

47. Harrison, Pnlegomenat, 465 

48. Relnach, 88; CAH, IV, 586-B; 
Harrison, 483 ; Murray, Greek 
Literature, 65; Carpenter, Edw., 
Pagan and Christain Creeds, 
N.Y, 1920, 64 

49. Harrison, p. xi. 

5a Ibid., 68Bj Nilsson, SSI, Rohde, 

344 
61. Plato, Republic, ii, 864-6 
52. Harrison, 572 
63. Whibley, 402 
54. Nilsson, 247 
65. Symonds, 496 
56. Dickinson, O.I ., Qreek View of 

Life, N.V., 1928, I 

67. Orote, II, 101-9 

68. Coulanges, 223 

59. Xenophon, Anabasis, v, 3«4 

60. Iliad, xxi, 27, xxlil, 22, 176 

61. PauBanias, iv, 9, vii, lg, CAH, 
II, 621 

62. Pausanas, iii, 16, Plutarch, 
"Lycurgus", Nilsson, 94 

63. CAH, 1(, 618, Orote, I, 111 

64. Frazer, Sir J., Scapegoat, N.Y., 
1935, 258, Harrison, 107 

45. Aristophanes, Frogs, 734, and 
scholiast ; Rohde, 296 ', Harrison, 
103 ; Nilsson, 87, Frazer, Scape- 
oat. 253 

66: Harrison, 108 

67. Murray, O., Epie, 12-18, 817, 
Harrison, 103 



68. Plutarch, "Pelopldas." 

69. Hesiod, Theogony, 557f 

70. Odyssey, 111 338-41, CAH, II, 626 

71. Farnell, 237 

72. Hairison, 501 

73. Diodorus, iii, 66 

74. Orote, I, 145-6 
76. Harrison, 167 

76. Nilsson, 82-3, Rohde, 168 

77. Coulanges, 213, Rohde, 296-6 

78. Nilsson, 83 

79. Ibid., 86 

80. Theophrastus, Characters, Loeb 
Library, xvi 

81. Plutareh, "Solon" 

82. Sophocles, Trachinian Women, 
584., Lacroix, I, 117, Becker, 381 

83. Plato, Laws, 933, Harrison, 189 

84. Herodotus, ix, 95 

85. Coulanges, 291 

86. Carroll, 270, Rohde, 292 

87. Coulanges, 289 

88. Orote, III, 38-9, Benson, E. F., 
Life of Alcibiades, N.Y., 1929,83 

89. Herodotus, v, 63, vi, 66, Orote, 
V, 431 

90. Ibid., Ill, 127 

91. CAH, III, 627-8 

92. Ibid., 604 

93. In Coulanges, 288 

94. Harrison, 121, Frazer, Spirits 
of the Corn, II, 17 

95. Harrison, 82 

96. Frazer, Spirits of the Corn,], 30 

97. Rohde, 239 

CHAPTER IX 

1. Herodotus, vlii, 144 

2. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, 1V.24 

3. Enc. Brit., I, 681 

4. Mason, W. A„ . History of the 
Art of Writing, 344 

5. Mahafly, Old Qreek Education, 
49, Thompson, Sir E. M., Intro- 
duction to Greek and Latin 
Palaeography, Oxford, 1912, 58 

6. Pliny, siil, 11 

7. Shortwell, J. T., Introduction to 
the History of Bistoy, N.Y., 
1936, 30, Becker, 162n 



~YW- 



8. Thompson, 89, 43; Mahaffy, I.e., 
51 

9. Becker, 974 

10. Staowell, 32 

11. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, 1, 
25-8 

19. Orate, II, 246; Murry, Epic, 23ft 

13. Diog. L., "Solon," Ix 

14. Orote, II, 245; Murray, Epic, 147 

15. Ibid., 258. 

16. Iliad, xxii, 106-13, tr. O. Murray 

17. Ramsay, A&ianic Element!, 289 

18. Mad, i, 477, etc 

19. Ibid, ii, 469-78 

SO. Ibid., xx, 490, tr. Bryant 

81. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 

35, 81. Arisfarchus of Samothrace 

wrote ci. 180 B.C. 

22. Browne, 92 

23. Qlotz, Aegean Ctvilzation, 393 ; 
Ward, I, 41 j Orote, II , 806-7 

24. Briffault, Mothers, I, 411 

25. Odyssey, lv, 120-86 

26. Herodotus, ii, 63 

37. Curtius, Ernst, Qriechlsehtt , 
Berlin, I887f, I, 136, in Rober- 
tson, J.M., Short, History of 
Free Thought, London, 1914, I, 
127j Mahaffy, Social Life, 358; 
Murray, Epic, 267 

87a.' Symonds, 187 

28. Odyssey, viii, 146 

29. Rodenwaldt, 283 

30. Oardinder, Athletics, 230 

31. Mahaffy. Qreek Education, 18 
89. Oardiner, Athletics, 284 

31. Tucker, 222 
34. In Zim'mern, 316 
85. Pansanias, 816 

36. Ibid., I, 44 

37. Oardiner, New Chapters, 291 

38. Ibid., 294 
89. Ibid., 294 

40. Oardiner, Athletics, 212f 

41. Pausaoias, vi, 4 

42. Ibid., viii, 40 

43. Ibid., vi, 14 

44. Herodotus, Hi, 106 

45. Pauaanias, vi, 18 

46. Herodotus, viii, 26 



47. Orote, III, 352-3 

48. Athenaeus, x, i; Oardiner, 
Athletics, 64-6 

49. Ferguson, W.M., Qreek Imperia- 
lism, Boston, 1913, 68-9; Halgb, 
A.C., Attic Thiatre, Oxford, 
1907, 3 

50. Winckelmann, J., History of 
Ancient Art, Boston, 1880, II, 288 

61. Athenaeus, xiii, 90 

52a. Ibid 

53. Richter Q.., Handbook of the 
Classical Colleetlon,tAtUopo\iin 
Museum of Art, N.Y., 1922, 76 

64. Rodenwaldt, 234 

65. Ridder, 171 
56. Pfubl, 38 

67. Ridder, 181 ; Murray, A. S., 
Qreek Sculpture, I, 11 

58. Rodenwaldt, 247 

59. Cf. Pijoan, J., Bistort of Art, 
N.r, 1927, 1, ligs. 351-2 

60. Ibid', p. 229 

61. Pliny, xxxv, 161 

62. Cotterill, H. B., History of Art, 
N.Y., 1922, 99-100 

68. Anderson and Spiers, 42; CAH, 
IV, 608-8 

64. Livingstone, Legacy of Greece 
412; Waaen, 277-80; Smith, O.E., 
422J CAH, IV, 99 

65. Polybius, iv, 20-1 ; Athenaeus, 

xiv, 22 

66. Lacroix, I, 122 

67. Pratt, W.S., HUtorf of Music, 
N.Y., 1927, 58 

68. Pansanlas, x, 7 

69. Mahaffy, Sodal Life, 456 

70. Diodorus, Ui, 67 

71. Lyra Qraeea, III, 582 

72. Strabo, x, 8.17 

7i Oxford History of Music, 8 

74. Ibid., Pratt, 65; Mahaffy, What 
Have the Greeks?, 143;id„ Sodal 
Life, 463-5 

75. Aristotle, Polities, 1342b. 

76. Athenaeus, xiv, 18 

77. Ibid., 10; Lyra Qraeea, II, 498; 
Symonds, 180; Olotz, Ancient 
Greece, 279 



-m- 



78. Oxford History of Made, I, 80 

79. Haigh, 811 

80. Lnclan, "Of Pantomime." 

81. Ibid' 

82. In Kirsteia, L- , Dance, N.Y., 

83. Athenaeus, 1, 37 

84. Kinteln, 28-90 

85. Ibid., 30 

86. Athenaeus, xlv, 12, 88 

87. Lyra Qraeca, III, 630 

88. Lucian, I.e. 

89. Mahaffy, Social Life, 464-5 

90. Athenieua, xlv, 17 

91. Aristotle, Poetics, iv; -Murray, 
Aristophanes, 3 

92. Enc Brit., VII, 689 

93. Aristotle, Politics, 1336b 

94. Murrayi I c.; id., Xireek Litera- 
ture, 212; Haigh, 292; Sumner, 
W.O., Folkways, 447 

95. Aristophanes, Eleven Comedies, 
I; 327 and editor's note; Kirstein, 
38 

96. Enc. Brit., VII, 684 

97. Aristotle, Poetics, v, 3 J 

98. CAH, V, 117 

99. Aristotle, Poetics, iv, 17 

100. Ridgeway In Harrison, 76; 
Sumner apd Keller, III, 2109 

101. Enc. Brit., VII, 682 

102. Ibid., 688 

10S. Athenaeua, I, '39 

104.' DIog. L., 88, "Solon," xi 

CHAPTER X 

1. Herodotus, vl, 98 

2. Orote, V, 16 
8. Ibid., 22 

4. Herod., vi, 102 

5. Rawlinson, app. to Herod., vi; 
Orote, V, 68; Pausanias, x 20 

6. Plutarch. "Aristldes." 

8. Herod., vi, 132-6 

9. Plutarch, I.e. 

10. Ibid 

11. Ibid 

12. Thucydides, i, 6. 138 

13. Plutarch, "Themlstoclea." 

14. Plutarch, "Arittidei." 



16. Herod., vii, 133-7 

16. Ibid., 184-6, 196 

17. Ibid., 146 

18. Ibid., 33-6 

19. Ibid., 66 

20. Athenaeus, iv, 27; Heroe., vi) 
118-9 

21. Ibid., vili, 4-6 

22. vii, 231-3 

23. viii, 24 

34. Greek Anthology, vii, 249; Strabo, 

ix, 4, 12-16 ' 
25. Plutarch, "Themistocles." 
26. -Mahaffy, Social Life, 223. Maha- 
ffy considers the story a legend, 
but no lover of dogs will doubt it 

27. Herod., ix, 4-6 

28. Ibid., viii, 89 

29. Orote, V, 316f, and Freeman, 
77. believe that the two actions 
were concerted; CAH, IV, 378, 

30. Orote,' V, 319-20 

31. Herod., ix, 70 

32. Rawlinson, note to Herod., Ix. 

CHAPTER XI 

1. Shelley, P.B., "On the Manners 
of the Ancients," qnoted by 
Livingstone, Legacy, 261 

9. Herod,, viii, 111-12 

fl. Oxford Book of Greek Verse in 
Translation, Oxford, 1938, 534; 
Plutarch, "Themistocles." 

4. Plutarch, "Ariatides." 

5. Thucydides, i, 5 

6. Orote, VI, 6-7 

7. Aristotle, Constitution, 21 

8. Ibid., 41 

9. Plutarch, "Pericles"; Orote, VII 
16; CAH, V, 72 

10. Plutarch, I.e. 

11. Ibid 

12. Ibid 

13. Olotz, Greek Cltg, 241 

14. Plato, Oorgias 516; Aristotle 
Constitution, 27; Plutarch, I.e. 

15. CAH, V, 100; Olotz, 210 

16. Olotz, 181 

17. Plutarch, I.e. 



-tr«- 



18. Ibid 

19. Plato, Phaedrus, 870 

20. Plutarch, I.e. 
SI. Carroll 197 

22. Aristophanes. Achamians, B14f ; 

Athenaeus, xiii, 26-6 
28. Lacroix, I, 15*; Carrol, 200 
74. Plato, Mentxtnus, 936; Carroll, 

311; Bemon, 58 
16. Lacroix, I, 156 
96. Plutarch, I.e. 

27. Plato, I.c.; Benson, 57-8 

28. Plutarch, I.c. 

29. Benson, 58 

30. Plutarch 

31. Plato, Teaetetas, 79, Republic, 
ii, 8, Laws, ix, 3; Thucydldes, 
M, 52; Mahaffy, Social Life, 
178-9; Orote, VI, 305-6 

32. Botsford, 222 

33. Olotz, Greek City, 166, Carroll, 
442 

84. Tuker, 251-2 

85. Isocrates, Antidosis, 320 

86. Coulanges, 248 

37. Tylor, E.B.,. Anthropology, N.Y., 
1906, 217 

38. Vinogradoff, II, 61-fl- 

39. Aristotle, Constitution, 57 

40. Olotz, Greek City, 986 

41. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 153 

42. Botsford, 53-4 

43. Olotz, Ancient City, 297 

44. Cf. Aristotle's will in Dlog. L., 
186, "Ariitoie," ix 

45. Xenophoi, Memorabilta, tr. 
Watson, Phila 189s, x, 2.9 

46. Murray, Greek Literature, 328 

47. Olotz, Antcient Oreece, 281 
4& Tucker, 263 

49. Isoerates, Antidosis, 79 

50. Enc Brit* X/829 

51. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 316 
■52, Olotz, Greek dtp, 863 

58. Herod., v, 77 ; Aristotle, Ethics 
v, 7 

54. Olotz, Greek City, 230 

55. Zimmern, 290; Ferguson, 69 
68. CAH, V, 29; Orote, II, 65-7 
57. Thucydldes, II, 6 



58. Lyra Orveca, II, 337 
CHAPTER XII 

1. Xenophon, Economieas, Iv-vi, In 
Minor Works 

2. Ibid., xviil, 3 

3. Semple, 407, 414, 421 

4. Pausanias, ii, 38 

5. Zimmero, 52*4 

6. Aristophanes, II, 245; Athenaeus, 
vii 43, bOf 

7. Ibid., vix, 51 

8. Xenophon, Memorabilia, ii, 1 

9. Hippocrates, "Regimen In Acute 
Diseases," xxviiif 

10. Aeschylus, Persian Women, 838 

11. Aristotle, Constitution, 47; 
Baedeker, 123 

12. CAH. V, 16 

13. Rickard, T.A., Man and Mitals, 
N.Y., 1932, 1, 376;Calhonm, 149-3 

14. Ibid , 164-6 

15. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 236 

16. Semple, 678-9 

17. Ibid., 668 

18. Olotz, 205 

19. Viiruvius, On Arhitecture, Loeb 
Library, II, 6.3 

20. Aeschylus, Agamenmon, 2781; 
Horod., ix, 3: Thucydldes, vlii, 26 

21. Aristophanes, Frogs, In Eleven 
Comedies, II, 194 

32. Plato, Qrogias, 611 
S3. Olotz, 891 

24. Ibid , 233 

36. In Zimmern, 307 

86. Lucian, "Nigrinus," 1 

27. CAH, V, 33 

28. Zimmern, «18; CAH, V, 8 

29. Zimmern, 383 

30. Isocrates, Panegyrtcus, 42 

31. Thucydides, ii, 6 

82. Xenophon, Economieas, Iv, 8 

33. Olotz, 218 

34. Oomme, A W., Population of 
Athens in the 5th and 4th Cen- 
turies B.C., Oxford, 1933, 21 

36. Athenaeus, vl, 103; Becker, 861 
36.' Semple, 667; Olotz, 192-8 

37. Ibid., 208 



-vn- 



38. Aescbines, Epistle 12, 
in Becker, CAH, V, 8 

39. In Bostford and Sihler, 225 
«0. Qlotz, 196 

41. Dickinson, 119; Ward, I, 39 

42. CAH, VI, 529-30 

43. Aristotle> Ethics, viii, IS 

44. Murray, Eplc,\B; CAH, VI, 529 
64. CAH, V, 25 

64. Aristophanes, Ecclestazucae, 307 
74. Warld, i, 98 

48. CAH, V, 12,85 

49. Qlotz, 337 
BO. 1Mb , 286 

61. Tontain J., Economic Life of 
the Ancient World N.Y., 1930; 
Introduction by Henri Ben, p. 
xxiii 

52. CAH, V, 38 

68. Semple, 426 

54. Qlotz, 168 

55. Tucker, 261 

66. Conlanges} 451 

67. Ward,I, 42 

68. Qlotz, 148 

59. Ward, I, 88, II, 48, 76, 263, 342 

60. Hall, M.P„ Encyclopedic Outline 
of Masonic, Hermetic,Oabbalittlc 

' and Roslcracian SymbollcalPhllo- 
sophy, San Franciseo, 1928, 64 

61. Aristophanes, II, 871f 

62. Ibid 440f 

63. Tuocydides, till, 24 

64. Ibid., iii, 10, slightly transposed 

65. Aristotle ( ? ), Economics, iii, 15 

66. Qlotz, 296 

67. Idid., 298 

68. Ibid., 298 ; Lyslas, Against the 
Qrain-Dealers, xxll, in Botsford 
and Sihler, 426; Semple, 365, 
663j Zimmern, 362 

69. Qlotz, 169 

CHAPTER XIII 

1. Plato, Republic, 459f 
3. Aristotle, Politics, 1335 

3. Haggard, H. W., Devils, Drugs, 
and Doctors, N.V., 1929. 19 

4, Hlmes 89. 96. Coitus interrupts 



was adparaently a popular 
method of family limitation 
through antiquity. 

5. Athenaens, xiv, 3 

6. Plutarch, "Themistocles," Mora- 
lia, 185D 

7. Greek Anthology, vii, 887 

8. McCless, H., Daily Life of the 
Qreeksand, Romans, N.Y., 1928, 
41; Metropholitan Museum of Art 

9. Ibid., 4i; Becker, 223; Mahaffy, 
' Qreek Education, 16, 19; Weigall, 

Sappho, 200 

10. Plato, Laws, vli, 84 

11. Plato, Protagoras, S26 

12. Mahaffy, op. cit., 89 

13. Becker, 224 

14. Winekelmann, II, 296 

15. Plato, Protagoras, 325 

16. Aristotle, Constitution, 42 

17. Oardner, Ancient Athens, 483; 
Mahaffy, op. cit., 76 

18. Lycnrgus, Against Ltocratesjl- 
89, in Botsford; and Sihler, 478. 
On its authenticity cf. Mahsffy, 
op. cit., 71 

19. dlog. L„ "Aristotle," xi 

20. Tucker, 173 ; Weigall, 184 
2). Plutarch, Moralia, 249B" 
22. CAH, II, 22-3 

28. Becker 456, 

24. Carroll, 172 

25. Tucker, 125-7 

26. Ibid 

27. P\ntucb,Moralia,928B;Athenetts 
xv, 34 

28. Weigall, 189, 206-7; Carroll, 178 

29. Eubulus, Flower Olrls, In Tucker, 
173-4, and Lacroix, I, 101-2 • 

30. Weigall, 187 

31. .Athenaeus, xv, 45 

33. Qlotz, 278 

38. Wright, F. A., History of Later, 
Qreek Literature, N. Y., 1932, 19 

34. Zimmern, 215 
85. Tucker, 120 
36. Csubwges, 294 

87. Qreek Anthology, x, 125 

38. Voltaire, Works, N.Y.,1927, IV.74 



-YVV- 



89. Thucydides, ii, 6; Mahaffy, 
Social Life, 296; Hbbhouie, L. 
Y., Morals in JEvolation, N.Y., 
1916, 347; Qlotz, Greek CHy, 131 

40. Vlnogrtfdoff, II, 54-6 

40a. Aristotle, in Sedgwick and 
Tyler, Short Bistort of Science, 
N.Y.,.1927, 103 

41. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 390; 
Becker, 280; Tucker, 150 

42. Ibid., 123 

43. Qrote, V, 53 

44. Thucydidek, ii', 10.82 

46. Pausaniai, vil, 9-10; Plutarch, 
Artaxerxes II." 

46. Xeuophon, Cyrepaedia, Loeb 
Library, I, 6.27 

47. Thucydides, i, 3.76 

48. Ibid., v, 17 

49. Ibid., Hi, 9.34 

50. Ibid., v, 32.116- vl, 20.96; 
Polyblns, Hi, 86; Couldangel, 376 

61. Thucydides, ii, 7:67. 

62. Plutarch, "Aldbiades." 

68. Plato, Laws, vili, 881 
64. Herod., v, 78 

88. Ariltophanes, Ecct,, 720; Bec- 
ker, 241 

69. Ibid., 243 

81. Demosthenes, Against Neaen', 
■ Becker, 244 

62. Lacroix, I, 124, 129 

63. Ibid., 112 

64. Ibid., 85 

65. Briffault, II, 340 

86. Mahaffy ,0/v<A Life and Thought, 
1 London, 1887, 72 

67. Lacroix, I, 88 

68. CAH, V, 175 < 

69. Lacroix, I, 166* 

70. Ibid., 162 

71. Becker, 248 

72. Athenaeus, xilf, 59 

73. Ibid., 

74. Ibid., 58 

75. Ibid., 63 

76. Lacroix, I, ISO 

77. Ibid.", 179 

78. Athenaeus, xlil, 64 

79. Lacroix, I,- 182-3 



80. Ibid., 145-6 

SI. Ellis, H., Studies in the Psycho- 
logy of Sex, Phlla., 1911, VI, 184 

82. Murray, Aristophanes, 46 

83. Plutarch, "Lycurgus't; Strabo, 
x, 4.31 

84. Plutarch, "Pelopihas." 
86. Diog. L., "Xeuophon." vl 

86. Cf. Plato, Lysis, 204 

87. Plato, Symposium, 180f, 192 

88. Lacroix, I, 118, 126 

89. Bebel, 37,' Hime, 52 

90. Wbibley, 612 

91. Carroll, 307 

92. Sophocles, Trachlnian Women, 
443 

92a. Tr. by J.S. Phillimore in 
Oxford Book of Greek Verse in 
Translation, 367 

93. Becker, 478 

94. Athenaeus, xiii, 16 

95. Sunner, Folkways, 862; Beker, 
473. 

96. Tucker, 83 

97. Carroll, 164 

98. Euripides, Medea, 283 

99. Coulangel, 63, 298; Becker, 476 
Briffanlt, II, 836 

100. Ziminern, 334, 343 

101. Euripides, Aeolus, 22 

102. Demosthenes, Against Neaera; 
Smith, Win., Dictionary, 349, 
b.v., Concubiuof 

103. Olotz, Greek City, 296; Zimm- 
eru, 340 Zeller, Ed., Socrates 
and the Soeratic Schools, Lon- 
don, 1877', 62, questions the 
story and the law 

104. Westermarck, E„ History of 
Human Marriage, London, 
1991 III, 319; Becker, 497; Lyra 
Graeca, II, 136 

105. Lacroix, I, 114; Enc. Brit., X, 
828; Becker, 496 

106. Tucker, 84; Westermark, op. 
cli. 319; Lacroix, I, 143 

107. Westermarck, I.e.; Coulangas, 
119 

108. Thuc, ii, 6 

109. Lacroix, I, 143 



-tVA- 



110. Becker, 464: Tucker 83-4. 

111. Summer, Folkways, 497; Brif- 
fault, I, 405. 

112. Tucker, 156. 

113. Aristrophanes, Lyslstrata, 42f. 

114. In Tucker, 84. 

115. Greek Anthology, vii, 340. 

116. Botsford and Sihler, 51. 

117. Tucker, 80-6. 
US. Semple, 490-1. 

119. Athenaeus, i, 10. 

120. Greek Anthology, xi, 413. 
191. AtheaeUBi v £. 

122. Xenophon, Banquet ii, 8. 

123. Mafaffy, Social Life, 120-1. 

124. Coulanges, 422. 

125. Plato, Republic, iv, 426. 

126. Tucker, 270. 

127. Semple, I.e. 
128 Rohde, 167. 

129. Harrison, Prolegomena 600 ; 
Westermarck, E., Origin and 
Development of the Moral 
Ideas, London, 1917-24, 1, 716 

CHAPTER XIV 

1. Xenophon, Eeonomicus, vili, 19f 
Z Thuc, ii.-6.40 

3. Xenophon, Bonnet, Iv, 11 

4. In Ridder, 48 

6. Usher, A.P., History of Mecha- 
nical Inventions, N.Y., 101-7 

6. Cf. the gems in the Fourth 
Room of the Classical Collec- 
tion Metropolitan' Museum of 
Art, New York. 

7. Pfuhl, 5. 

8. Ridder, 287 

9. Pliny, xxxv, 34 

10. Mahaffy, Sieial Life, 449-60; 
Ridder, 10 

11. Plutarch, "Cimon." 

12. Pauaanias, x, 25 

13. Pliny, xxxv, 35; Winckelman, 
II, 299 

14. Pliny, xxxv, 80 

15. Ibid. 

16. Plutarch, •'Pericles." 

17. Pliny, I.e. 



18. Athenaeus, xxi, 62 

19. Murray, A.S., I, 13 

20. Pliny, l.c. 

21. Cicero, De Invent.. II, 1, in 
Murry, A. S., I, 12, Pliny, I.e., 
places the story in Acragas. 

22. National Museum. Naples; Guide 
to the Archeolagical Collection,, 
Naples, 1935, 11. 

23. Notional Museum, Athens. 

'24. Xenophon, Memorebilia, ii, 10.7 

25. RIpder, 177 

26. Fardner, Greek Sculpture, 20-1 

27. Pliny, xxxiv, 19 

28. Ibid. 

29. Pijoan, I, 264 

30. Cf. Lucian, "A Portrait Study," 
in Works, III, 16-16 

31. Jones, H. S., Ancient Writer* 
on Greek Sclpture, 78. 

32. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 231. 

38. Cf. Jones, op. cit., 76; Gardner, 
Greek Sculpture, 284; Frazer, 
Studies in Greek Scenery, 411; 
CAH, V, 479 

34. Pijoan, 1, 269 

36. Pausanias, v, li; Strabo, viii, 
3-80 

36. Iliad, i, 628 

37. Pausanias, v, 11 

38. Pojybius, xxx, 10 

39. Frayer, op. cit., 293 

40. Quintilian. Institutes, Loeb 
Libary, xii, 1.07 

41. Plutarch. "Pericles." 

42. Scholiast on Aristophanes./VaM, 
605, in Jones, op. cit., 76. 

43. Lucian, I.e. 

44. Vltruvius, iv, 1.8. 
46. Cotterill, I, 76 
46. Pausanias, v, 10 

' 47. Zlmmern, 411, Qrote (VI, 70) 
makes a smaller estimate ($ 
18,000,000 ) for the architectural 
wprks in AtheuB proper. 

48. Warren, 156 

49. Ibid., 881 

50. Vltruvius, Hi, 5 

51. Ruakln Antra Pentelici, 174; 



-tr*- 



Qirdner, Ancient Atheni, 838; 
Oirdne, Greek Sculpture, 834 
52. Warren, 327/ 989-41; Maturity, 
. What Have the Greek? 130 

63. Ludwing, 189f. 

64. Warren 310-11; Qnrdner Ancient 
Athens, 258 

CHAPTER XV 

1. Heath, Greek Mathematics, I, 46 

Whibly, 328-9 
3. Heath, I, 150 

3. Sarton, 92 

4. Sedgwick and Tyler, 33 

5. Heath, I, 176, 178 
■6. CAH, V, 883 

7. Heath, 1 93 

8. Diog. L., .384, "Parmenides" HJ 
' Sarton, 85 

9. Aristotle, De Coelo, il, 18; 
Heath, Sfr Tho«., Arlstarchus 
of somas, Oxford, 1913, 94 

10. DIog. L.,.389; "Leuclppus," lii. 

11. Ibid., 390; Heath, Arislarches, 
. J25- 

lla. Sarton, 93 

12. Heath, 78 

13. Anaxagoras, tragi. 12 and 16, 
in Bakewell, 61 ; Ueberweg, I, 
68-5; CAH, IV, 570. 

14.' Heath, 81. 
16. Ibid, 83. 

16. Ueberweg j I, 66. 

17. Diog. L., 69 60, "Anaxagoras," iv. 

18. Heath, 138. 

19. Ibid., 79. 

30. Anaxagoras, frag. 4, in' Bake- 
well, 49. 

91. Diog. L., I.c. 

32. Frags. 6 and 17, In Bakewell, 
5 ; Diog. L.,.I.c. 

38. Frag.9, in Bakewell, 61; Arlsotle 
Metaphysics, i 3, De Coelo, fii; 
3, De, Qeneratione et Corrup- 
Hone, 1, i; Lucretius, DeRurum 
Natara, Loeb Library, i, 83 ol. 

94. Diog. L , I.c. 

35. Aiigtole t DePartlbusAnlmollun, 
I, 10, iv, 10. 



26.Mitotte,Metapphslcs, I, 4. 

27. Nllson, 274. 

98. Diog. L., 61, "Anaxgorai," viil ; 

Robertson, J.M., I, 153- 
39. Plutarch, "Pericles." 

80. Murray, Greek LUereture, 1S9. 

81. CAH, IV, 669-70. 

32. Heath, Greek Math., I, 172. 

83. Diog. L., 8l, a Anaxsgorac," ix- 

84. Oerminus in Heath, Arlstrehus 
376. 

35. Herod., ii, 4, and Rawlinion'a 

note; Whibley, 71. 
86. Orote, II, 29-30. 

37. Herod., ii, 4. 

38. Sarton, 83. 

39. Semple, 35-7. 

40. Ibid. 

41. Cf. Sect. III. of Chap. XVI, 
below; and cf. Aesehylns, 
Prometheus Bound, 442-506. 

42. Gardner, New Chapters 269. 

43. Sarton, 88. 

44. Herod., iii, 176-38. 

45. Sarton, 77. 

46. Ibid. Livingstone, Legacy, 309. 

47. Sarton, 103. 

48. Oarrlson," F. H., History of 
Medicine, Phlla., 1939, 95. 

49. Hippocrates,W0/£c,I, Introd.,by 
W.H S. Jones. 

60. Ibid., IV, "Aphorisms." i. 

51. "The Sacred bit ease"; Airs, 

Waters, Place*," xxli. 
62. Hippocritec, Works, II, Introd., 

viil; I, Introd., xxlv; Oamson, 

94. 

53. Ibid., IV, "The Nature ol Man," 
Iv, 10. 

54. Ibid., "Regimen 111," Ixviii. 

55. Livingstone, 234. 

56. Qarrison, 94 ; Hippocrates J, 
Introd., Ivl. 

57. IV, Introd., vili. 

58. Hardlng,T.S,in Medical Journal 
. and Record, aug., ],. 1928. 

59. Hipphoerates, IV, Introd., vil. 
Hippocrates- settles a very an- 
cient problem when be writes : 



-Yt»- 



"It is best for flatulence to 
pass without noise and break- 
ing, though it is better for it 
to pass even with [noise than 
to be intercepted and •accumu- 
lated internally." — Works, IV, 
"Prognostic," 11. 

60. In Livingstone, 285. 

61. Hippocrates IV.'Regimen, HI/' 
Ixviii. 

69. Saiton, 96. 

63. Livingstone, 108. 

64. Hippocrates, II, "The Sacred 
Disease," xvii. 

66. Xenophon, "Constitution of the 
Lacedaemonians," xli, 6; Ma- 
turity Social Life, 293; Becker, 
880; Oarrison, 91; Hippocrates, 
Works, 1, 299. 

66. Garrison. 97; Livingstone, 326. 

67. Ibid., UO. 

68. I am Indebted, for explanation 
of the material at Epidanrus, 

to Dr. A. A. Smith, of Hastings 
Neb. 

69. Livingstone, 226. 

70. Plato, Laws, iv, 780. 

71. Carroll, 824-6; Mahaffy, Sodal 
Life, 297. 

72. Xenophon, Memorabilia, Iv, 2 ; 
Garrison, 91 : Becker, 876. 

78. Ibid.. 291; Garrison, 90; Plato, 

Statesman, 859. 
74. HippocrateB, II, "Law," i, and 

Introd. to Essay VI. 
76. I. 291- . 

76. Ibid., 299. 

77. Becker, 379. 

78. Hippocrates, II, Decorum," vii ; 
"Precepts," vl. 

79. "Decorum," v. 

CHAPTER XVI 

1. Athenaeus, xli, 82.' 

a. Plato, Protagoras, 834, 389. 

3. Symonda, 116 j Owen, John, 
.■ .Evenings with the Sceptics, 

London, 1881, I, 177. 

4. Bakewell, 11. 



6. Ibid., 22; the conclusion is 
rephrased. 

6. Plato, Parmenides, 127. 

7. Russell, B., Principles of Mat- 
hematics, London, 1903, I, 817. 

8. Plutarca, "Pericles." 

9. Plato, I.c. 

10. Dlog. L., "Zeno," iv. 

11. Ibid. 

12. Tredennick, H., introd. to Aris- 
totle, Metaphysics, Lobe Libr- 
ary, xvii; CAH, IV, 575-6. 

13. Heath, Aristarchus, 106. 

14. Tredennick, I.e. 

15. Lencippus, frang. 2 in Bakewell, 

16. Diog. L., "Leucippns," i-iii. 

17. Lange, F-E„ History of Mater- 
ialism, N.Y., 1926, 15. 

18. Diog. L /Democritus." ii-iii. 

19. Ibid. 

20. Lange. 17. 

22. Enc. Brit., XVII, 39. 

23. Grote, O., Plato and the Other 
Companions of Socrates, Lon- 
don. 1875, I, 68 ; Bakewell, 62. 

24. Robertson, J.M., I. 158; Lange 
17. 

26. Diog. LI, "Democritus," xiii. 

26. Heath, Greek Math., 1, 176. 

27. Cicero, De Oratore, i, 11; 
Ueberweg, I, 68 : Grote, Plate, 

I, 68,96. 

28. Bacon, F., Philosophical Works, 
ed. Robertson, London, 1905, 
96, 471-2, 660. 

29. Democritus, frag. O (Eiels) in 
Bakewell, 60. 

30. Frags. 117 and 9 in Bakewell,60. 

81. Ueberweg, I, 70. 
32. Lange, 27. 

32. Ueberweg, 1, 96-70J Orow, 
Plato, 1, 77. 

34. Ibid., 76. 

35. Diog. L„ "Democritus," xli. 
86. Heath, Aristarchus, 26, 127. 

37. Ueberweg, I.e. 

38. Orote, Plate, I, 78. 

39. Lucretius, ill, 370. 

42. In Plutarch, Moralia, 81'. 



Y^~ 



43. Oweu, 1,149. 

44. Lance, 31; Diog. L. v "Demoerf 
tut," xlij Ueqerweg, Ix. 

44. Frag. 154a in Bakewefl, 69. 
4«. Frag, 57. 

47. !■ Owi, 1^ 149. 

48. Ueberweg, I, 68. 

49. Athenaeua, II, 96. 

50. Ibid.; Lucretius, HI, 1039. 
61. Diog. L-, "Democritua," xl. 
59. Athenaeua, I,e. 

68. Diog. L., "Democritua," vlll. 
64. Id., "Empedoclei » II. 
66. Io Symonda 127. 

66. Murrayi, Oretk Literature, 76. 

67. Symonda, 127. 

58. Diog. L.. "Empedocles," ill. 

59. Ibid., "Empcdoclca,"xl. 

60. Ibid., Symonda, 131. 

81. Diog. L i "Empedocles," Ix 

63. CAH , IV, 563 

64. Aristotle, Dt Auimn, il, 6; De 
Sensa, vl 

65. Symonda, 148 

68. Empedocles, frig. 82- in Bake* 
well, 45 

69. In Aristotle, De Coda, ill, % 

70. Ueberweg, I, 62 

71. Symonda, 143 

72. Fraga. 17 and 85 in Bakewell, 
44-5 

73. CI. Frazer, Spirits of the Corn, 
II, 808 

74. Fraga. 133-4 In Bakewell, 46 
76. Symonda, 187 

76. Livingstone, 46 

77. Symonda, ISA 

78. Diog. L., "Etnpedpcles," x 

79. Ibid., "Empedocles," xl 

80. Ibid; Symonda, 181 

81. Plato, Protagoras, 316 
89. Orote Hlttory, VI, 46 
88. CAH, V, 24, 377-8 

84. Plato, Protagoras, 309-10 
86. Utberweg, 1, 71 

86. Plato, Protag., 811 

87. Ibid., 328 

88. Diog. L. "Protagoras," iv 

89. PMo.Phaedrus, 287 

90. Ueberweg, I, 76; Sarlon, 88 



91. Euripides, frag. 189, puotcd by 
Rohde, 488* 

91 Plato, Theattetus, 160; Bake- 
well 67; Lange, 42 

93. Diog. L„ l.c; Baktwtll, 67 

94. Diog. L., I.e.; Ueberweg, I, 74 

95. Bakewell, 67 

96. Isocrates, Antldosis,, 166 

97. Phllostratua, Lives of tht Sop- 
hists, Loeb Library % 494 

98. Orote, Vlil, 848 

99. Ueberweg, I, 77 

100. Philoitratui, 488 

101 Plato, Requblie, i, 886f; Oxyr- 
bynchua Papyri xl, 1864. In 
Vlnogradoff. II, 29; Murray, 
Oretk Literature, 161 

102. Plato, Sophist, 265 

108. Murray, Aristophanes, 142 

104. Ibid 

105. Murray, Greek Literature, 160 

106. Zeiler, 36 

107. Plato, Oorgias, 502 
10b. Pluo, Cratylus, AH4 

109. Xenophon, Memorabilia, I, 6.19 

110. Plutarch, Dee. Orat.,.lv in 
Backer, 235 

111. Ariatotle, Soph. Elenehls, f. 165 

112. Orote, Vlll, 826 

113. Diog. L, "Plato," xxv 

114. Aristotle, Ethics, 1109, 1116, 
1144, 1164 

115. Livingstone, 79 

116. CAH, VI, 80 J 

117. plutarch, De JUallg. Herod., ix, 
866, in Duprdet E , La Legend* 
Soeratiaae, Bruxellea, 1922, 
415 

118. Mahaffy, Social Life, 806-6 

119. Pauaanla', I, 92 

120. Diog. L„ "Socratea," Iv 

121. CAH, V, 38G 

122. Plato, Apo ogyflBRepubttc, 337; 
Xenophon, Memor., I, 2.1 

124. Plato, Symposium, 220-1 

125. Repuplle, 649 

128 Aristotle in Diog. L., "Socra- 

t«s, x 
199 Cf. McClure, M., <n Dewey, J., 

snd Others : Studies in tht 



-Y*Y- 



uo. 
in. 

132. 
133. 
184. 
186. 
136. 
137. 
138. 

189. 
110. 
141. 
143. 
143. 

144. 
145. 
146. 
147. 
148. 
149. 
160. 
Ml. 
152. 

158. 

154. 
155. 
166. 
167. 
158. 
169. 
160. 
161. 
162. 



163. 
164. 
166. 
166. 



History of Ideas, Columbia U. 
P.; 1936, II, 31 
Plato Symposium, 214 
Xenophon, Banquet, ii, 19 
Plato, Pkre'dras, 229 
Diog. L. f "Socrates," ix 
Xenophon, Banquet il, 84 
Dlog,- L„ 1 c. 
Plato, Charmides, 154-5 
Id., Protagoras, 309 
Id., Lysis, 206 J Xenophon, 
Memor., Hi, 11 
Ibid 

Ibid., iv, 8 
Plato, Phaedo, end 
CAH, V, 387-8 

Dlog. L. f "Socrates," Hi; Rober- 
tson, J. L , I, 160 
Plato, Apology, 41 
Xenophon, Banquet, i, 6 
Diog. L, "Socrates," xvill 
Xenophon, Mentor., i, 2.16 
In Pater, 179 . 
Plato,' Proiag. 338, 361 
Xenophon, iv, 4.9 
Plato, Theaetetus, 160 
Qrote VII, 92; Mahaffy, Greek 
Education. 81 

Cf., e.g., Charmides, 169, 161 ; 
Protag., 811, 350; Lysis passim, 
Diog. L., "Clio," I. 
Xenophon, II, G.28 
Ibid., i, 6 
Ibid 

Dlpg. L., "Socrates," xiv 
Xenophon, iv, 1.1 
Dlog. L, "Crito," i. 
Plato, Sfmposlum, 215, 218 
Sexlus ' Emplricus, Opera, 
Leipzig, 1840, Advenas Mathe- 
maticos, Ix, 45; Botstord and 
Sihlcr, 369; NU.son, 269; Sy- 
monds. 

Zeller, 205, 208 
Athenaeiis, xil, 534 
Plato, Meno, 94 
Xenophon, Memor., i,' 1.2; J, 
S.4; il, 6.8; IV, 7.10; Plato, 
Symposium, 220; Phaedo, 118; 
Apology, 21 



167. Zeller, 82 

168. Plato, Apology, 29 

169. Id , Cratftus 425 

170. Xenophon, Memor., i, II. II 

171. Ibid., iv. 8-16 

173. iv, 7 

174. i, 1. 16 
175' Iv, 2 24 

176. ill, 8.3; iv, 5 9 

178. lii, 9.5 

179. i, 2.9 

180. Hi, 5.15-17 

181. iv, 6.12 

182. CAH r VI, 309 

188. Xenophon, Apology, end 

CHAPTER XVII 

. 1. Pausanlas, ix. 22 

2. Lyra Qreaca, III, 9; II, 216 

3. Pautanlas, ix, 23 

4. Pindar, Olympic Ode xiv, 5 

5. Olympic Odes i-ii 

6. Frag. 76 in Pindar, Odes,- p. 657 

7. CAH, IV. 511 

8. Symonds, 211 

9. Lyra Oreaea, III, 7 

10. Pausaoias, ix, 23 

11. Olympic i, 61 

12. Frag. 131 

13. Olympic ii, 56f, tr. C. J. Billson, . 
Oxford Book of Qreek Verse In 
Translation. 294 

14. Pinder, Pythian Ode i, 81 
v 15. Pythian iv, 272 

16. Pythian viil, 92, tr. O. Murray 

17. Paean iv, 32 

18. Symonds, 216 

19. S.v. Pratinas, Lyra Oraeca, III 

20. Aristophanes, II, 83 editor's 
note 

21. Halgh, 37 

22. Ibid., 64 

' 23. Mahalty, Social Ltje, 469; Sy- 
monds, 380 

24. Haigh, 266 

25. Lyra Oraeea, HI, 283 

26. Aristotle, Rhetoric, Loeb Lib- 
rary, Hi, 1. 

27. Ward, II. 311. 



-Ytr- 



88. Lucian, "Of Paitimimr," 27. 


SB. 


89. Haigh, 825-7. 




W. Ibid., 827-38P. 




31. Ficklnger, R.C., Greek Theater 




and Its Drama, University of 




Chicago Press, 1Q18, 132. 




32. Haigb, 348. 


59. 


33. Ibid., 315 ; Norwood, Greek 




Drama, 8-3. 


60. 


34.' Haigh, 344. 


61. 


3.\ Ibid., 18, 24. 


62. 


36. Ferguson, 69. 


63. 


87. Haigfa, 34. 


64. 


38. Plato, Laws, 669, 700. 


65. 



89. Herod., vJ, 21. 

40. CAH, IV, 172. 

41. Heigh, 16. 

42. Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, 
18f, tr, Elizabeth Barrett 
Browinag, in Greek- Dramas, 
N.Y, 1912. pp. 6-6. 

43. Ibid., II, 459f. 

44. Tr. in Mm ray » Greek Ute'alure, 
119. 

46. Schleged, A. JC., Lectures m 
Dramatic Art and Literature, 
London, 1846, 93. On the 
1849, 91. on the "paradox of 
Prometheus Bound," — an an— 
titheictic play by the raost 
pious of Oreek dramatists, cf. 
Journal of Hellenic Studies, LIII, 
40f, and LIV, Uf. 

46. Mahaffy, Social Life, 150 ; Sy- 
monds, 260; Murray, Greek 
Literature, 221. 

47. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, II. 218f, 
tr. O. Murrary, Oresteia, p. 44. 

48. Tr. Milman in Mahaffy Social 
Life, 162. 

49. Agamemnon,Uiif,Oresteta, P1O0. 

50. Choephoroc,\02-U, Oresbta t 18B. 
61. Athenaeua, i, 39. 

58. Schlegel. 96. 

53. Agamemnon, II. 66f. 

64. Ibid., 160. 

55. Eumenldes, en«\ 

66. Marry, Greek, Literature, 916. 

67. Bbtsford and Schlegel, 84. 



67. 

98. 
69. 
70. 
71. 
72. 
73. 
74. 
76. 
76. 
77. 



78. 
79. 
80. 
81. 
82. 
83. 
84. 

85. 
86. 

87. 
88. 



. Athenaeus, i, 87; Schlegel, 97; 
Taine. H„ Ltctures on Art. 
N. Y., 1901, II, 483 ; Plumptre, 
E. H., Introd. to Tragedies of 
Sophocles, London, 1867, p. 
xxxvl. 

Sopboclas, Works, tr. P. Storr, 
Loeb Library, I, lnrod, vii. 
Syraonds, 278; 
Athenaeus, xiii, 81. 
Mahaffy, Greek, Literature II, 57. 
Murray, Oreek Literature, 234. 
Symonds, 290. 

Sophocles, Oedipus the King, 
96 of. 

Oedipus at Colonus, 66Bf tr. 
Walter Headlam, Ox/o'd Book 
of Oreek Verse in Translation, 
878 

Oedipus at Colonus, 607 f, tr. 
Murray, Creek Literature, 249. 
Oed. Col , l648f, tr Munay. 
Antigone, Hit, tr. Storr. 
Ibid., 786f. 
Ibid., 122of. 

Murray, Creek Literature, 838. 
, Trachinian Women, 1265f. 
Phlloctetes 451-2. 
Elecira, »73f. 
Oedipus the King, P63f. 
Oed. Col., 181 if, slightly tran- 
sposed, tr. A. E. Housman. in 
Oxford Book of Greek', Verse In 
Translation, 378.. Cf. to like 
efiect Oedipus the King 1187- 
96 and lbM-AO. 
Athenaeus, xlii, 61 
Symonds, 878. 

Mahaffy, Greek Literature, II, 97. 
Murray, Gk. Lit., 261. 
Mrabo, xiv, 1-36. 
Disg. I., "Socrates." ii. 
Euripides, Htppolytus, 191-7, in 
Murray Gk. Lit, 12. 
Murray, op. cit., 34. 
Euripides, Medea, 41 of, tr. O. 
Murray, Oxford, 1918, p. 15. 
Herod, il, 180. 

Iphigenta In Aulls, 686-54, tr. 
A. S. Way, Loeb Library. 



Ytl — 



89. Iph. in Aalis, tr. Webb in 
Mabaffy, Social Life, 202-4. 

90. Iph. In Aalis, 1369-84, tr. A. S. 
Way. 

01. Hecuba, 4B8f, tr. Way. 

99. Murray, Gk. Lit. 137. 

43. Trojan Women, tr. O. Murray, 
Oxford, 1914. 

94. Euripides, Electra, tr. Murray, 
Oxford, 1907, p. 77. 

95. Euripides, lphigenia, in Taurls, 
tr. Murray, Oxford, 1930. 

96. Aristotle, Poetics, xiii, 4. 

97. Verrall, A. "W., Euripides the 
Rationalist, Cambridge Univ. 
Press, 1913, 178 and passim. 

98. Elizbeth ' Barrett Browning 
referred to "Euripides tbe 
human, with his droppings ot 

warm tears." 
*9. Iph. Aulis, 957. 

100. Helen 744 f, tr. Way. 

101. Ion, 374-8; Iph. in T.\ 570-5; 
Eltetra, 41)0 ; Bacehae, 255-7 J 
Hlppolytns, 1059 ; Robereon, 

I, 162. 

102. Euripides, Electra, tr. .Murray, 
p, 8T; Eeracles, ,1341 ; Iph. in 
T., 386. 

103. Bellerophontes, 298, tr. Symond, 
868; cf. Helen, 1137. 

104. Iph. in T„ tr. Murray, p. 82. 

105. Helen, 1688. 

106. Verrall, 79. 

I07i Trojan Women, 884. 

108. Hecuba, 282. 

109. Trojan Women, prologue. 
109a. Cresphontes, frag. 

110. Blppolytas and the Stheneboea 
and Chrysippus. 

111. Andromeda, 136, t., Symonds, 
361. 

US. Norwood, 311. 

lfa. Euripides, Medea, tr., Murray, 

p. 67. 
114. Frag. 167 in Rohde, 438. 
116. Electra, tr., Murray, p. 78. 

116. Rohde, 437. 

117. An uncertain frag. tr. Symonds, 
867. 



118. A frag, In Symonds, 366. 

119. Aristophanes, Frogs, 552; At- 
henseut, i, 41. 

120. Symonds, 426. 

121. Mahaffy, Gk. Let., II, 98. 
12S. Pater, 122- 

123. Plutarch, "Nictts." 

124. Greek Anthology. Ix, 4110. 

125. Quoted by Murray, Euripides 
and His Age, N.Y., 1913, 10. 

196. Murray, Gk. Lit., 277. 

127. Aristophanes, I, 117. 

128. Haigh, 260. 

129. Murray, Aristophanes, 102. 

130. Zeller, 203. 

181. Aristophanes, I, 91. 
133. Ibid., 3H, 319 • 
133. E.g.Thesmophoriazusae II, 286; 

Knights, 1,11; Eeclestozusae, 

II, 378. 

184. Knights, I, 31. 

185. Peace, I, 191.. In The Birds he 
calls Heracles a.bistard (1,173) ; 
and in Frogs he makes Dion- 
ysus a coward, an onanist, a 
lecher, and * clown.' 

136. Philiostratus, 483. 

137. Luclan, "Herodotus and Acti- 
on," 1 ; Bury, J. B., Ancient 
Greek Historians, N. Y., 1909, 
96 ; Mahaffy, Ok. Lit., II, 18'; 
Murray, Gk. Lit., 134. 

138. Herod., I, 1. 

139. Gibbon, Ed., Decline and Fall 
of the Roman Empire, Every- 
man Library, I, 77, ch. iii. 

140. Strabo, xvil, 1.59, 

141. Herod., ill, 101. 

142. Ibid., i, 68. 

143. iii, 88 ; ii, 3. 

144. E.g., vil, 189, 191. 
146. vii, 162. 

146. Lucian, I.e. 

147. Thuc, i, 1. 21-23. 

148. Mahaffy, Social Life, 208. 

149. Thuc, ii, 45. 

150. Ibid., vili, 24;.Ii, 17. 

151. Ok. Lit., l. 

CHAPTER XVIII 
1. DIog. L., "Empedodes," vli. 



- Yt«- 



2. Atfaenaeus, xii, 84 

3. Aristophanes, Acharnians, 1,111 

4. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 314 
B. Orote, V, 390 

6. Thuc., iii, 87 

7. Ibid , I, 3-75 

8. Plutarch, "Pericles." 

9. Thuc, if, 6.8 

10. Ibid , i, 2.68-66; i, 6.139-46 

11. Jones, W. H. S., Malaria and 
Greek fiistoy, 132 

18. Plutarch, "Tiberius Oraccb.ni." 

13. Arlstode, Constitution, 28 

14. Thuc, Hi, 9.4950 

15. Ibid., v, 15.22-3 

16. v, 17.841 

17. Plutarch, "Alciblades." 

18. Ibid. 

19. Xenophon, Me/nor , I, 1.49 

20. Athenaeus, i, 6 

21. Benson, Alcibiades, 162 
82. Plutarcb, I.e. 

23. Thuc, 18.18 

24. Ibid., 20.89 

25. vili, 23.18 

26. vlli, 36.97; Aristotle, Constitu- 
tion, 33 

27. Xenophon, Hellenica, Loeb 
Library, I, 4.13 

28. Aristotle, Constitution, 34 

29. Plutarch, "Lysander." 

30. Isocrates, Areopagiticus, 66 

31. Aristotle, op. cit, 40 
82. Murray, Ok. Lit., 176 

33. Xenophon, Memor., i, 2.82 

34. Orote; IV, 68 
36. Uebcrweg, I, 81 

36. In Reinach, 96 

37. Plato, Apology, 38 

38. Ibid., 27 

39. 18 

40. 29 
41.30 

42.- Dfog. L., "Socates," xxi 
46. Plato, Crtto 

46. Xenophon, Memor., Iv, 8.1 

47. Plato, Phaedo, 59-60 

48. Ibid., 89 

49. Xenophon, Apolagg, 28 

50. Diodorus, xiv, 37 



51. In Zeller, SOI 

52. Plutarcb, De Invid, 6, in Zeller 
68. Diog. L., "Socrates," xxli 

64. Orote, IV, 88 

55. Tertullian, Apology, 14, and 

Anguttine, City of God, viii, 3, 

3, in Zeller, 801 

CHAPTER XIX 

1. Aristotle, Physics, Loeb Library, 
1269-70; Plutarch. "Lisanber." 
"Lycurgut." 

2. Olotz, Greek city, 800 

3. Aristotle, Physics, 1270 

4. Xenophon, Anabasis, iv, 7-22 
6. Plutarch, MoraUa, I80f. 

6. Plntarch, "ARecilaus." 

7. Plutarch MoraUa, 39 

8. Ibid., 192 C. 

9. Aristotle, Physics, 1270 

10. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 199 

11. Xenophon, "On the Revenues," 
in Minor Works. 

12. Calhoun, 46-8, 98-4, 101 

13. Olotz, Anc. G., 304 ; CAH, VI, 
79 

14. Calhoun, 109 

16. Ibid. 116; Olotz, 306 

16. Olotz. Greek City, 311; Anc. 
O., 201 

17. Olotz, Ok. City, 312-3 

18. Plato, Republic, 312-3 

19. Aristotle Politics, 1310 

20. Isocrates, Arehidamus, 67. Isoc- 
rates was writing -oi the Pelo- 
ponneslan Oreeks, but probably- 
had his fellow Atheniana in 
mind 

21. P5hlmann, I, 147 

22. Plato, Laws, v. 7S6 

23. Vinogradoff, II, 118; Glotz, Gk 
City, 318 

24. Vinogradolf, I, S06 

25. Isocrates, Antdasis, 159 

26. Olbtz, Gk City, 323; Rostovtzeff, 
M., Social and Economic History 
of the Roman Empire, Oxford, 
1926, 2; id., htstom oj the 
Ancient World, Oxford, 1928, II 
362 j Coulargcs, 493 



Yil- 



27. Mahaffy, Social Life, 267, 273 
98. Qlotz, Gk. City, 296 
-39, Ibid. 

30. Athenaeus, xiilj, 38t; Lacroix, I, 
168 

31. Athenaeus, >.i, 43 

32. Aristotle, History Animalium, 
. 583sr 

83. Qomme, 18, 36, |47; Atheineus, 
vi, 272; Muller-Ljer, Family, 
203; Oote, V, 838 
34. Xenophon, Hellenica, vi, 1.5 
36. Isocrates, On Ike Peace, 50 
36. Aristotle, Problems, in Vinogra- 

doff, II, 67 
87. Demosthenes in Oloz, Gk 

City, 816 
38. Aristotle, Constitution, 41 
89. Aristophjncs, Clauds, 991; Plaip 

TheaeUtus,\\Tl. 
40. Isocrates, op/cit, 69 
4K Qrote, XI. 198 
43. DTpporua,.x, 4 
4ft; Aristotle (?) Economies, ii , 2.20 
44 Lyra O., III. 866 
46 Diog. L., "Plato," xiv; Plntarcb, 
"Dion"; Diddorus.ixv. 7; Qrote t 
XI, 84-5. Taylor,, A. E., Plvto, 
N. Y., 1936, 5, questions- the 
story 

46. Plato, Epistles, Loeb Library, vii 

47. Athenaeus, x, 47 

48. Plutarch, I.e. 1 

49. Plato, I.e. 

50. Plutarch, I.e. 

51. Athenaeus, xii, 58 

52. In Weigall Alexander the Great, 
N. Y„ 1933, 19 

53. Adams, Brooks, New Empire, 
N. Y„ 1903, 86 

54. Athenaeus, xfii, 63 

65. Mahaffy Social Life, 425-7 
56. Olotz, Gk, City, 339 

67. Philostratus, 507 

68. Plutarch, "Phocion.' 1 

69. Philostratus, 61 

€0. Plutarch, "Alexander." 

CHAPTER XX 
1. piutarch , " Dcmostl e iei " : 



Moralia, 6 
2. Mahaffy, Ok. Lit., IV, 137 
8. Demosthenes, On the Crown, 

Loeb Ljbrary, 126, 268-9, 266 

4. Murray,' Gk Lit., 36? 

5. Isocrates, Antidosis, 48 

6. Orote, O., Aristotle, London, 
1872, I, 3i; Murray, 344 

7. Isocrates, Panegyrieus, 49 

8. Ibid., 167 
9 l>id., 160 

10. Isocrates, On the Peace, 94 

11. Ibid., 13 

12. /socrates, Areopagiticas, 15, 70 

13. On the Peace, 109 

14. Areopag., 20 

-15. Pausanias, i, 18; so Lucia* land 
Philostratus; of. Mutiny. 340 

16. Milton's phrase. <.»• i-»u«^ 

17. Diog, L , "Xenophon," i-ii 

18. Aristophanes, Cluods t V&- 

19. Plutarch,- Moralia, 212B. 

20. XcBophan*-Economicus, x A 1-10 

21. ibid., xlx, 1 

SI. Quoted by ^taeUiwH, W0 
23.- Pausanias, vlU; 4Er 
24. Plutarch, "Alexander." 
26. Cotterill, I, 108n. 

26. Pliny, xxxv, 36, 40 Winded- 
mann, I, 219 

27. Pliny, xxxv, 32 

28. Ibid., xxxv, 36 

29. Ibid. 

30. Aelian, Varia Historia, ii, 3, in 
Weigall, Alexander, 186 

31. Pliny, J c 

32. Vltruvius, ii, 8.14 

35. Paueanlas, i, 20 

36. Oardner, Greek Sculpture, 397 

37. Pausanias, v, 17 

38. Ibid., viil, 9 

39. They are listed in Murray, A. 
S„ II, 258-4. Pliny, alone men- 
tions 28 

40. Pausanias, vi. 25 

41. Pliny, xxxvi, 41 

42. Ibid., xxxiv, 19 

43. Ibid. 



- YiV — 



CHAPTER XXI 

J. Sarton 1S7 
2. Plutarch, "Marcellus." 
3. "Aristotle, Metaphylcs, i, 9 
4. Plato, Bippias Major, 303 
6. Sarton, 113 
6. Aristotle, Polities, 1340 
*7. Sedgwick, 76 

8. Heath, Greek Math, I, 209, 233, 
252 

8a. Ibid., 354 

9. Dion. L., "Eudoxns," i-iii,' 
Strabo, II, 6.14 Heath, I, 330; 
id., Aristarehns, 199 J Orote, 
Plata, I, 124n; Ball, W. R., 
short History of Mathematics, 
London. 1888, 41 

10. Heath, I. 323 

11. Heath, Aristarehus, 208 

12. Sarton, 118 

13. Ibid., 141 

14. Heath, Aristarehus, 276 

15. Heath, I, 16 

16. Arrian, Jndlca, London, 1893, 
chaps.' xxxliii 

17. Sarton, 120-1 

18. Carroll, 326' 

19. In Zeller, 266 

20. Zeller, 277 

21. Athenaeus, xiif, 66 

22. Vitruviue, il, 6. 1 

23. Athenaeus^ xii, 68 

24. Zeller, 357, 361 

25. Ibid., 862b 

26. Diogt L., "Ariitippus," iv 

27. Ibid. 

28. Ibid. 

29. Ibid. 

30. Ibid. 

31. Zeller, 367 
.32. Carroll, 313 

33. Ibid. 

34. Plato, Phaedo, 64 

35. Xenophon, Banquet, Jii, 8 
36 Diog. L., "Antistnenes," iv 
37. Murray, Five Stages, 116 
3B. Diog. L., "Diogenes," iii 

39. Ibid., Hi, vi; Zeller, 326n 

40. Diog. L., "Diogenes," vi. 

( r 4lf t r & i :jUi.lUi-.\«\) 



41. Ibid. 
4-2. Ibid , x. 

43. Ibid., vi. 

44. Ibid. 

45. Weigall Alexander, 103 

46. Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, 
vii, 2; Diog. L., "Diogeaea," 
vi. 

47. Ibid., xi. 
48-. Zeller, 208 

49. Diog. L., "Antiathens," iv. 

50. Ibid , "Dlohenes," vi. 
5t. Plutarch, Moraila, 21 F. 
62. Diog. L., I.e. 

53. Zeller, 319 

54. Ibid., 396 

55. Diog. L., "Diog.," xi. 

66. Murray, Five Stages, 118 

67. POhlmann, 86-91 

58. Zeller, 317 

59. Plato, Republic, 372 

60. Diog. L., "Plato," I. 

61. Ibid., v,x. 

62. viil-Ix; Cicero, De Finibus, v, St 
62a. Plutarch. De Exilio, 10, hi 

Capes, W. W., Universitu Life 
in Ancient Athens, N. Y., 1922, 
32. 

63. Suidas, Lexicon, s.v. Plato, in 
Mahaffy, Greek Education, 139 

64. Diog. L., "Plato," xi. 

65. Mahaffy, op. cit.. 128; Orote, 
Plato, I, 125 

66. Heath, I, 11 

67. Plato, Republic, 539 

68. Heath, Aristarehus, 141 

69. Plutarch, M of alia. 79 

70. Plato, Epistles, vii, 631 

71. Taylor, 503 

72. Cf. Epistles, vii, 541 

73. Athenaeus, xl, 112 

74. Diog. L., "Ciraon," i-ili, "Plato," 
xxxii. 

75. Athenaeur, xi, 113 

76. Taylor, 20 ■ 

77. Plato, Protag , 884 

78. Symposium, 1 75 

79. Euthypho, 292 

80. Charmidet, 1C9 



YiA- 



81. Cratylus 

82. Phaedo, 106 

83. Theaetetus, 161 

84. Ibid , 158; Epistles, vii, 344 

85. Aristotle Mela, i 5-6; Hi, 2; 
xiii, 4; Cratylus, 440 

86. Aristotle, Meta., i, 9.16, etc. 

87. Plato Phaedo, 65 

88. Ibid., 74-5, Theaetetus, 186-7 

89. Carrel. Alexis, Man the Unk- 
nown, N. Y. 1935, 236 

90. Spinoka, De Emendotione Inte- 
llects, Everyman Library, p. 
269 

91. Phredrus, 246 

92. Philebus, 22 

93. Rep., 606 

94. Laws, 966j Phaedo, 96 

95. Sophist, 247 

96. Phaedrus, 246; Philebus, 30 

97. iWwio, 81-2 

98. Qorgias, 623 

99. PAflflfo, 69, 80-5, 110, IU; Rep., 
615f; Tinaeus, 43-4 

100. Phaedo, 91, 11 

101. /?«/>., 365 

102. 5//H/7., 209 

103. Qorgias. 482 

104. Ibid., 495; Rep., 6 19; Philebus, 
66 ' 

105. /?«/;., 441, 587 

106. Phllebas, 94-6 

107. Ibid., 57-8 

108. Otto, 49 

109. Ibid., Laws, 951; Phaedo, 82 

110. Aristotle, /W/rc, i, 4 

111. Rep 424. 

112. Quoted by Symonds, 411 

113. Philebus, blj Rep., 629 

114. Siwi/>., 206 

115. Laws, 636 

116. Sjw»/>., 201; Phaedrus, 241f 

117. ftp, 500 

118. Epistles, vil, 337 

119. Rep., 656 , 

120. Ibid., 667 

121. 562 

122. 565 

123. 667 



124. 496 

126. Phaedrus, 239 

126. Rep., 469 

127. 478 

128. Statesman, 297; Epistles, vii 
337 

129. Laws, 710 
ISO. Ibid., 704 

131. 968 

132. 761 

134. 744, 922-3 
136. 785 

136. 721, 774 

137. 672 

138. 885, 908-9 

139. Phaedo, 66 

140. Pater, 126 

141. Laws. 7 

142. Dioh. L., "Plato," xxv. 

143. Calhoun, 125-7 

144. Locy, W.A., Growth of Biology 
N. Y., 1925, 27 

146. Athenaeus, xiii, 56 

146. Orote, Aristotle, 1, 8 

147. Diog. L , "Aristotle,"' iv. 

148. Orote, Aristotle, I, 43 

149. Murray, Greek Epic, 99; CAH 
VI, 333 

150. Aristotle. Mela ill, 6.7-3 

161. Ibid., iv, 3.8 

152. Aristotle, On Generation, i, 2 

163. Physics, v, 3; vii, 1 

164. Aristotle, Mechanics, ill, 848-60 
155. On the Havens, ii, 14 

146. Meteorology, i, 14 
157. Meta., xii, 8.21 

168. Pliny, viii, 16 

169. Aristotle, Parts of Animals, 
i, 6 

160. History of Animals v, 21-2; 

ix, 39-40 
?161. Ibid., vl, 22 

162. Aristotle (?), Economics, i, 3; a 
typically Aristotleian sentence 
In a work long attributed to 
Aristotle, but probably from 
a later hand 

168. History of Animals, viii, 2 
164. Reproduction of Animals, i, 16 



YM- 



165. Ibid,, I, 81 

166. iv, 1 

167. Mist. An., vi, S-8 

168. Reprod. An, ii, 1 

169. Ibid., II, 3 

170. II, 12 

171. Hist. An., vi, 2-3 

172. Ibid. 
173. 1, 1 

174. viii, I 

175. Ueberweg, 1, 167 

176. Sedgwick, 14 • 

177. Lewes, O. H., Aristotle : a 
Chapter in the History of 
Science, London, 1864, 284, 
361; Longe, 81 

178. Lowes, 159 

179. Aristotle, Hist, An., 11, 3 

180. Parts of Animals, II, 7 

181. Sarton, 128 

182. Aristotle, Polities, 1256; Lewes, 

183. Aristotle; On the Soul, IL 1 

184. Ibid., II, 4 
165. Hi, 8 
186. ill, 7 

167. Reprod An , II, 3 

188. Mela., v|Jl, 4.4 

189. Poetics, 11 8 

190. Meta., Ix, 7 

191. Politics, 1, 8 

192. Ibid., *|, 2 

198. Politics, 1137b. 

194. Ethics, 1097b, 1176b. 

195. Rhetoric, f, 6.4, where, In a 
long Hit of things necessary 
for happiness, virtue coraoi In 
a poor last 

196. Ethics, 1099a. 

197. Ibid., 1153b. 

198. Rhetoric, II, 18.2 

199. Ethics, 1178a. 

200. Ibid., 1125b. 

201. 1098a. 

202. 1178b. 

203. Polittces, 1967s. 
804.' Ibid., 1275b. 
SOS. 1258a, 

206. 1996b. 

207. Ethics, U60ab. 



208. Rhetoric, II, 15.8. 
909. Politics, 1268b. 

210. Ibid., 1281a. 

211. 1818b. 

212. 1286a. 

213. 1278a. 

214. 1280a. 

215. 1266b. 

216. 1264b. 

217. 1320a. 
SlB. Ibid. 
219. 1295a. 
820. 1264 

221. 1261b. 

222. 1296b. 

223. 1996a. 
894. 1330a. 

226. Rhetorics, i. 1.7 

227. Politics, 1387a. 

228. Ibid., 1205b. 

280. In Ueberweg, I, 177 
231. 1'ater, 141 

CHAPTER XXII 

1. Plutarch, Maralia, 178P 

2. Mahafly, Greek Life 
tliotlght, IB 

3. Plutarch, "Alexander." 

4. Wcgall, Alexander, 2JJ5 
6. Ibid. 

O.'Plularch, Moralta, 127B. 

8. Id., Moralta, IH0A. 

9. Id., "Alexander." 

10. Ibid,' Arrlan, I, 17 

11. Welgall, 50 

12. Plutarch, Moralta, 1701! 
18. Id., "Alexander." 

14. Arrlan, vl., 28 

15. Ibid., Ill, 6 

16. Orote, History, XI, US 

17. Welgall, 83 

18. Arrlan, I, 6 

19. Welgall, 97 

20. Plutarch, "Alexander." 
31. Ibid. 

23. Arrlan, vil, 9 
S3. Plutarch, I ,c. 

24. Vltru viiia, II, 2 

26. Plutarch, Moralta, 180 



and 



_Y«»- 



26. CAH, VI, 384 

27. Arrian iv, 7 

28. Ibid., vi, 86 

29. vii, 4 

80. Plutarcb, "Alexander." 

31. Grote, XII, 8Q 

32. Athenaeus, xii, 35 

33. Plutarch, Moralia, 180D. 
84. Weigall, 146 

35. Plutarch. "Alexander."; Arrian, 

36. Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead, 

37. Cf. Arrian, iv, 9-11 

38. Ibid., vii, 11 

39. vii, 9-10 

40. ii, IS 

41.Plutarcb, "Alexander"; Airian, 
42. Plutarch, I.e. 
43: Grote, Aristotle, I, S3 
44.' DIog. L., "Aristotle," vii 
45. Thrasybulus in Grote, History, 
VIII, 263 

CHAPTER XXIII 

1. Mahaifay, Greek- Life and 
Thought, pp. xxx, 112 

2. Ibid., 56; Plutarch, "Demetrius 

3. Ibid. 

4. Pauasnlas, x. 19 

5. Ibid., 32 

6. Livy, T. L., History of Rome, 
xxxviii, 16; CAH, VII. 103-7 

7„ Polybius, iV. 77; Pausanlas, ii. 
9, vii, 7; Plutarch, "Aratus." 

8. Athenaeus, vl, 103 

9. Heitland, W. E., Agricola, Cam- 
bridge University Press, 1921 

10. Plato, Critias, 111 

11. Rostovtzeff, M. Historr of the 
Ancient World, Oxford, 1930, 
I, 320 

12. Cf. Tarn, W. W., Hellenistic 
Civilization, London, 1927, 90 

13. Vinogradoff, II, 108-9 

14. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 866 

15. Ibid 364 

16. Ibid. * 

17. Ibid., 331-3; Tarn, 95 

18. Tarn, 102; Heitland, 63 ; Qlotz, 
369 

19. CAH, VII, 740 



20. Ibid. 

20a. Ibid., 265, 741; Tran, 104 

21. Ibid., 3l 

22. Olotz, 333. 

23. Polybius, vi, 9; vii, 10; xv, 21 
Olotz, Greek City, 323 

23a. Diodorus Sic, V, 41-6 

24. Beatwich, Norman, Hellenism, 
Phlla, 1919, 62 

25. Athenaeus, xii, IS 

26. Tarn, 82 

27. Theocritus, Idvl ii. 

28. Lacroix, I, 138-9 

29. Athenaeus, in Becker, 344 

30. Gloiz, Ancient Greece, 298 Tarn; 
86 

SI. Ibid., 88 

32. Polybius, xxxvi, 17 

38. Plutarch, "Agls." 

34. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 846 

35. Plutarch, I.e. 

36. CAH VII, 755 

37. Polybius, ii, 62; v, 38; Paun- 
nias, ii, 9 

88. Coulanges, 467 

39. Pansaniss, vii, 50 

40. Strabo, xix, 2.5 

41. Ibid. 

42. Polybius, v, 88 

CHAPTER XXIV 

1. Meeting of the Oriental Institute, 
Chicago, Mar. 29, 1932 

2. Plutarch. Moralia, 183 F. 

3. Polybius, xy, 8 

4. Ibid., xxx, 26 

5. Ibid., xxxix, 27; xxxi, 9; Bevan, 
E. R, Bouse of Seleucus Lon« 
don, 1902, II, 131, 158 

6. Rostovtzeff Social and Economic 
History of the Roman Empire, 
3; Tarn, 79 

7. Toulaln, 103-3 

8. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 358 

9. Rostovtzeff Roman Empire 3j 
id., Ancient World, I. 368-70; 
Qlotz, 321 

10. Qlotz, Greek City, 388 

11. Tarn, 25.4 



-Yo\- 



13. Jotephns, Against Apian, I, 60 J 
Bevan, 35; Tarn, 809 

14. CAH, VII, 193 

15. Sachar, A.L., History of the Jews, 
N.Y., 1932, 102. Cf. Zeitlin, S., 
History of the Second Jewish 
Commonwealth, Phila., 1988, 18f, 
or CAH, VIII, 501f, for an 
economic interpretation of these 
intrgues 

16. Qraetz, H., History of the Jews, 
Pbila., 1891f, 1, 446-6; Zeitlin, J8 

17. Bevan, I, 171; Mahaffy, J.P., 
Empire of the Ptolemies, London 
1895, 341 

IB. CAH, VIII, 6Q7-8 

19. 1 Mace., i; Josephus, Works, 

Boston, 1811, I, 438; Antiquities 

of the Jews, xii, 6 

20. Bevan, II, 154 

21. 1 Mace, v-vi; Bevan, 174 

21. I Mace, ii 

23. Ibid., vi 

24. Ibid., 11 
8ft. Ibid., ii-v 

26. Sachar, 104 

27. Bevan II, 183, 223 

CHAPTER XXV 

1. Breccia E-, Alexandria at 
Aegyptum, Bergamo, 1982, 96; 
Strabo, xvli, 1.8 

2. Mahaffy, Empire, 104; Greek 
Life, S04 

3. Athenaeus, xiii, 37 

4. Mahaffy, Empire, 162 
6. Draper, I, 19o 

6. Tarn. 148; CAH, VII, 197 

7. Ibid., 27; Rostovtzeff, Roman 
Empire, 259 

8. Tran, 149-51, 155; Olotz, Ancient 
Greece, 345 

Q. Ibid., 343 

10. Usher, 80, 85 

11. Strabo, xvii, 1.95 

12. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 863 

13. Tarn, 152; Usher, 76 

14. Olotz, i.e. 

15. Rostovtzeff, Roman tmpire, 4S2 



16. Usher, 79, 119 

17. Pliny, xxxv, 42 

18. Rostovtzeff, Ancient World, I, 
373; Tarn, 102} Olotz, 350 

19. Tarn, 155. 

20. Botsford and Sihler, 597 
21.' Athenaeus, v, 36 

28. Pliny, xxxyi, 18 

23. Breccia, 107 

24. Tarn, 198 

25. Calhoun. 130 

26. CAH, VIII, 662 

27. Mahaffy, Greek Life, 182 

28. Mahaffy, What Bare the Greeks?, 
195-7 

29. Tarn, 163; CAH, VII, 28 

80. Ibid., 139-40; Tarn, 153; Mahaffy 
Empire, 182, 213; Breccia, 42 

81. Breccia, 69 

82. Strabo, xvii, 1.8-10; Tarn, 146 
38. Olotz, 336 

84. Athenaeus, Hi. 47 

35. Herodas, Mimianbi, i 

86, Lacroix, I, 124 

37. Carroll, 326 

3.8. Oraetz, I, 418; Mahaffy, Empire 

86 
89. Josephus, Antiquities, xii, 1-2 

40. Zeitlin, 6-8; Bevan, I, 165 

41. Bentwwich, 86 

42. Renan, E., Bistory of the Peop 
of Israel, N.Y., 1888, IV, 194; 
V, 189 

42a Oraetz, I, 504 

48. Bevan and Singer, Legacy of 

Israel, Oxford, 1927, 32 
44. Josephus, Antiquities, xii, 2 ; 

Sarton, 161 
46. Sachar, 109 

46. Enc Brit., XX, 886; Tarn, 177 

47. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 356; 
Tarn, 204 

48. Tarn, 168 

49. Mahaffy, Greek Life, 208 

50. Rostovtzeff, Roman Empire, 264 

51. Olotz, Greek City, 323 

52. Polybius, vii, 8 

63. Ibid. 

64. Randall-Maclver, 138-9 
66, Athenaensj v, 40 



r«t- 



56. Livy, axiv, 4 

CHAPTER XXVI 

1. Polybiui, ix, 2 

9. Thompson, 71 

3. Strabo, xill, 1.64 

4. Orate, Arts otle, 50 

6. Breccia, 47 
ft. Ibid., 48 

7. Mahaffy, Empire, 208 

8. Oxyrhyncfans. Papyri • X, 1241, 
p. 99,' Breccia, 44 

0. Tarn, 238; Symonds, 21 

10. Tarn, 2S7 Mafaaffy, 511 

11. Waxman, M , History .of Jewish 
Literature, N.Y., 1930, I, 48 

12. Ibid., 49 

13. Ibid., SI 

14. Renan, IV, 258 
IB. Lacroix, I, 166-7 

16. Wright, 22 

17. CAH, VII, 227. 

18. Menander, Arbltranss, 679-85 

19. Bacchis in the Pkormio 

20. St. Paul, I Cor., xv, 33 
SI. Tarn, 919 

S3. Frag. 40 In Murray, Aristophanes, 
983 

23. Translation by Symonds. 464 

24. Ibid., 6S6 , 

96. Murray, Greek .Literature, 881; 
Mahaffy, Greek Literature I, 
166; Id., Progress of Hellenism 
in Alexander's Empire, Chicago, 
1905; US 

26. Theocritus, xv, tr. Lindsay, in 
Oxford Both of Greek Verse, 
564 

97. Theocritus, I, 193-42; tr. Sir 
Win. Marrit, Oxford Book, 643 

28.- Tarn, 52 

20. Frag. 64 in McCrlndle, J. W., 
Ancient India, Calcutta, 1877, 120. 

30. Bury, Greek Historians, 188 . 

31. Poly bins, xli, 85, 27, etc 

32. Ibid., xxxiv, 6; xxxviii, 6 

33. xxx, 32 
84. iil, 2 
36. vi, 9 



J6. vf, 3 

37. Hi, 48, 59; ShotweM, 199 

38. xvi, 90 

39. xil, 98 

40. v,76 

41. xxi, 32 

42. xvi, 12 

43. vi, 43 

44. Hi, 31 
46. i, 1 

46. i, 86; I, 1 
47. 1,. 4 

48. ix, 1; H, 66 

49. Dionyslus of Halicaigassus in 
CAH, VIII, 10 

CHAPTER XXVII 

1. Atheiaeus, xlv, 33 

2. Mahaffy, Social Life, 467-8; 
476-6 

3. Vltrnvins, Ix, 9; x, 18; Atfaenaeas 
iv, 76; Oxford History of Music, 
Introd. Vol., 96 

4. Mafaaffy, 455; id., Greek Life, 
389 

5. Athanaeus, xiv, 31 

6. Strabo, xiv, 1.87 

7. In Gardner, Ancient Athens, 486 

8. Pliny, xxxv, 40 

9. Plyntarch, "Aratus," 

10. Strabo, xlv, 2.5 . 

11. Pliny, xxxv, 36 

12. Ibid., xxxv, 36 

15. Lessing, O.E., Laocopn, London, 
1874, 15 

14. Pliny, xxxiv, IB 

16, Greek Anthology, vi, 171 

16. Pliny, I.e. 

17. Bostock's note, Ibid 

18. Wlnckelmann, I, 229 

19. Virgil, Aenetd, ii, 49 

20. Pliny, xxxvi, 4 

21. Winckelmann, II, 826 

22. CAH. VIII, 676 

28. In Oardner, E. A., Six Greek 
Sculptors, London, 1910, 6 

CHAPTER XXVIII 

1. Stobaeus. In Heath, Greek 
Mathematics, I. 357 



-Y«r- 



9. 
3. 

4. 
5. 

6. 
7. 
8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
91. 
22. 
28. 

24. 
25. 



27. 

28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 

39. 
33. 
34. 

36. 
36. 
87. 

38. 

.89. 
40. 
41. 
42. 
43. 



Plutarch, ■Mtrcellus." 
Ball, W.W.R., Short History -o/ 
Mathematics, London, 1888, 61 
Ibid., 66-7 
Plutarch 

Cicero, Tuse. Disp., i, 26 
Cicero, Rep., i, 14 
Singer, C , Studies in the Bator* 
of Science, Oxford, 1991, II, 502 
Heatb, II, 18 
Plntarch 
Ibid 

Polybias, vili, 5; Livy, xxiv, 34 
Heatb, I.e. 
Plutarch 
Polyblus, I.e. 
Plutarch 
Livy, xxv, 31 
Heath, II, 20 
Sarton, 184; Usher, 44 
Ibid., 80 

Ibid., 41; Sarton, 184, 195 
Vltnivlus, I, T.16 
Heath, Aristarchus of Santos, 
310, 383 
Ibid., 302 

.Heath, Greek Math., II, 2 
Williams, H.S., History of Science, 
N.Y., 1909, I, 233 
Heath, Aristarchus, 296-7; CAH, 
VII, 3U 

Enc. $rlt., XI, 683 
Tarn, 280' 

Heath, Aristarchus, 339-40 
Sarton, 144; Glotz, Ancient 
Greece, 875, 
Strabo, i, 8.8 
Ibid., i, 4.7-4 
Ibid., i, 46 
Wright, 14 
Qarriaon, .102 

Tbeophraatua, Bistort of Plants, 
ii, 1.1, in Livingtone, Legacy, 178 
I.ocy, 37 
Orate, II, 17 
Sarton, 143 
Ibid, 126 
In Wright, 14 

Cclans, De Artibus, I, 4 in 
Bottford and Sihler, 631 



44. Bottford and Sihler, 631 
46, Sarton, 159; Qarriaon, 153 

46. Sextua, Empiricus, Adv. Math., 
xi, 50, in Livingstone, 201 

47. Garrison, 103 

48. Sarton, 159-60 

CHAPTER XXIX 

1. Carroll, 316 

2. Athenaens, xiii, 90 

3. Diog. L., "Theophraatus," iv-xi 

4. Theophraatus, Characters, Loeb 
Library, 1929, iii, xiv, etc 

5. Diog., "Xenophanea," iii 

6. Ibid., iii-v, x. 

7. Aristotle, Anal. Post., ii, 1 
9. Ibid., iii 

10. Zeller, E., Stoics Epicureans 
and Sceptics, London, 1870, 99 

11. Ibid., 603 

12. Wright, 128 

13. Ueberweg, I, 136 

14. Poljbius, xii, 26 

15. Diog., "Aristippus," xii-vix 

16. Lacroix, I, 160-1 

17. Biog. , "Epicurus,"- v. 

18. Ibid., vi-viii' 

19. Lucretius, v, 196;' ii, 1090; 
Lucian "Zeua Tragoedui," in 
Works, III, 97 

20. Lucretius, ii, 992; Plutarch, 
Moralia, 964 C. 

21. Cleero, Nat. Dear., i. 20 
82, Diog., "Epicurus," xxiv 

23. Ibid., xxvli; Murray Greek Reli- 
gion, 168 

24. Diog., xxv 

25. Atheuaeua, xil, 67 

26. Diog., xxxl 

27. Ibid., xxvil 

28. Ibid. 

29. Ibid., xxxl, SI 

30. Ibid., xxvi 
81. xxvii 

32. Zeller, 464 

33. Diog., xxxi, 28 

84. Cf. Fraga. 166, 186, 194 and 

213 In Murray, 180 
35. Murray, 138 
86. Frag. 188 In Murray, 141 



-toi- 



37. Dlog., X. 
SB. Athenaeus, vll, 11 
39. Becker, 825 

tO. Jewish Eac, art. "ApikoW; 
Bentwicli, 77 

41. Zeller, 388 

42. CJcero, De Fin., I, 7.25 

43. In Murray, Qrttk Llteratur, 372 

44. Dior., "Zeno," 1-11 

45. Ibid., x\, v. 

46. Ibid., v. 

47. n/id.,"CralM,"M v, "Hlpparchla", 
Mi; Zeller, Socrates, fiN n. 

48. Diog., "Zeno/ xxvlil-xxix 

49. Ibid., xiv 

50. Zeller, Sfoift, 37n 
61. Diog(, "?eao," ix 

Ej2i Ibid., Kjilvil, Lucian, Lactaniiiu, 
aJndStdbdeua tell the tame storv; 
8,1. Zeller, 40 

s'3. Zeller, 69 ' 

54. Ibid., 121 

55. Cicero, Nat. Deor., Ii, 1 
- r »6, Dioff., "Zeno," IxvllHxxvii 

,57. Tr l>v Patcri 50 
68. pitainfcii, fie-StohRepug., xxi, 

«. In- Zeller, 178; but Plutarch 
fas intensely prejudiced againit 
tlic Stoica 

59. Oyford Book oj Qrtek Verse,Ub 

60. Zeller, 288 

61. Dion-, "Zeno," xix 



62- Ibid., Ixlv 
63. Zeller, 316 
84. Dtog., [xvi 
66. Zeller, 3o3 

66. Cicero, Ttue. Disp. % i, 84.83- 

67. Zeller, 327 

68. Ibid., 207 

CHAPTER XXX 

1. Polybius, i,-l. 

2. Plntarcb, "Pyrrhm." 
8. Ibid. 

4. Ibid. 

5. /Mommsen, T., History of Home, 
London, 1901, lj, 6 

6. Plntarcb, I.e. 

7. Livy, xxv, 40, 31 

8. Polybini, i|, 8 

9. Ibid., vl 1Q3 
01- Ii(yy^iii,l33 

11. PbNBIna, rfyi, W, Livy, xxxi, 18 

12. Poiyjiitis, yvffi, 45 
li LiyyUVxiv, 62 

14. Tarn, 29 

15. Strabo, vtll, 6.23 

16. Polybius, .xxxlx, 2; Strabo, I.e. 

EPILOGUE 

1. Symonds, 579 

2. Rede Lecture for 1875, in 
Symonds, 678 

8. Ene. Brit., II, 844