Full text of "رسائل جامعية من جامعة الجزائر"

See other formats

v j^V' 



\ V V 



ei^pktWrM 

***Jr' "^X"* vl^' * | J^* 
^^s ^^^ .^^ ^^^ 



-ISZfH0a^B%- 



v ^-\s 



*/B&kk YSt/Bdm§rj\H^Kmt^f&Q' 



OtqiflJ 



rjgByfffiy^W 



V -,V 



UrfMinyLfU 



\ V 



:U34§ytt 



A jrY v. 



Q([kgHV£ 



2007-2006 OS&pt/pM 



.30 KCEflfllRpNj 01 aa fBfNpQtl g 

N0$qft k L0\Ar|2Lji Itf A (^hdTpfl^ADI EZONj A 



* Hi H^ 

11 2BZy^uLj" IfcflfQf Idfo2d|+p2 [p: 
L2tOT (tf A U$ Cf LJB505(SEfA Lfl^ I !g3t=T!(& 
A + H0^L^Al2(feU)^2AlaDL^u! <^Pt2pd| 

uk T m Lji)2Aij f® «g[Qr 1114 U <c| 

+cHE patf pcBd^Rf 2 2TdM Cf 3t=T6Lpjdfo2cl| 
jWj d$(qlg (S?)+dfo2d^ZBgft? Otf gqf lij # I EZ 



rpo/0/§ 



na^l 



L_iiijj* 4_ia i alia I ; aluo j 4_ilc <&l ^jl^a *&l J^udj ( _ ff JC' ^-^'^ (j'j^' cJ^P' 
ClibVI S-^JJ (jV 'OW^j j'^ ' L>° ^^ ^^ L5^ J '<-k3^' 4-^' J- 3 ' O^ U£U^ 

Jji J AJC « Loi£jl (j^-aJ '^JJC- LaLajoiJl AjIjj ^jx t5^^3 ( T J £U^ ^ (j^ 

(JjLuojJ ftJJ^jl L)'j^' L5^ jW^^' ^J^J L>* ^J L5^ ' ! ' w ^ '^J^ AjjLuiJ £^t-La 

aAl (jx j itluOaJl Ail} I a!c l^a^laJ ^jlll (JjLaLall *Al <jx aLa uuVl OxJ 

_Ajjj^aJ jjjjjuol aAl tillij ^Saj taa mia jJC. L_Aj£ ^JJ^I u'j^' U' tS^J L>° C^" ^ 

;l^aAl (jialjc-l (jjSaj} tliaJjl j.la. LlA (jx 

.(J-^jJl dlLuLaJ <jLa-a 

.AlpaJl A-ijilll CjLuol jjJl Aij*j* LaJ Jj^aJl aJA A3!}lt * 

<Jj iAjC^jJa^a ijj^J' (jl (J^ 4j3I^ t*w ul C-^jJa^a J^^l L-lljjuol C_jjl£a 

.tg-ilJ J- aill l—Uu aj Ail ^gia. cAjC^jJaj^llj AjjIUI IgJS aa.^JJ 

4_l3 . j ilc-l ai l 

; /— !j Lajoia^a (Jlia ill f-Li. t (3f^ ^ L>^' 0^ 
AjjiiJl dlb^lajil ( alia ^^ ^-*0^ Ij^ajC £)l£ { llg aJ j A-ajLa JxJ L_lljjl Aj^Ij 



na^l 



< alia ^ (jjj dicjjj j Clicjjj Jj^-a. j^A j cAjjjjlII Jj^aJl Qc. o\p 

^Igjlsuluil J 

< alia a ^^ic OjJJ" ^J-^ J '(jljuiil I^A ^ AjJ^laJ Jjlfj j ' -il JaaJl ^ aLa lujVU 

a-laJ LaJ t£ja>l e^a frlal&VI (j^ ^ ua 4 M abl jLuLLa (jj^" (J^-a. (j-a 4_LJja£jja]l 

:^l uU! ^ ^ *h 

; jdiiiiij >jj^il uL)^ jW^-j ' A .l r ^ ls* ^"V U^ J I J>/^ J*^*^ 

.A^MjuoVI Ailfllll AjuuoIj t fc w <\l ljIjjI rtJsH jjl dlfrUaiuil j 

4^1 Jill L-llka 11 4-ajXa Ai*-a jU^VI <jV 

V J .^JJ^- £^LLaJj 'O^J^a. tSj^i ^ Cliaj]l (jiajflJ Jlj La 
-( jjjjLa ^^-Ij (J^aJ ^^ic 4_lJ^)xll £t&LLa]l Jalljuoj c*llj <_5-J*J 



na^l 



<Ji> (J A^^VI 4#j*ll ^t u ^j^ u^ : cr^t J«a^l 1^1 

CL-jJLaJJ j CllL^aL^alkV I ^^ (Ji.ljJJ oA^.^a *SO^ <Laj]aia 
j ^JjjjjiLall j ^jJJjxill LllLalgjuAj L_flJj*_l]l (j* AjV (_jl^3 

.Oils, j LaJjfl ^g-a^iljuoVI 
L-lLlUlV 'JJ^' OJ^ojuO <_A 4aJj£jl (jljSlI (_><* 0-la.lj Sjjjo) <___!& t__UJ (Jj^f* 3 ^ U^ J 

(c'^W *AaLu\ ^ ■ aj -aSil J^udjl ^j<a jiaj" _A£j" .»l_L_J Sj^juo ; JjJjI oj^ojuo -2- 
Lg ml ml A h ^»j' ^^ ,_& j c (_ JI^JI (_juiul QAiJa o^jjjjjI 4 b a^y ^^ -3- 

(_3J-4C (_gaJ.ul.ft - /—a u ■ " (_g a-tuba - 

/glla-1 .aJj-ttjl ^gJV-^l (_gjlnLa]l 






na^l 



^Jj ClljA-ail Qa AjJaj cAjjxllI CJUj*iui<nil <JfLj »LaJ&!ill <UjLa-a tliajJl f-lai 

V J 4(j-aijl ^ CllLijluLoll ( alia " Aa.jJ c^Uaa. j^ te.* ala mJVI jjl tillj Cjj^aill 



L5 ic (JaJJ aJ (_glil ^JJJ -^J*-^ w ^ a _J (JjJalill ^JHuol j£jJo]b (J^aa.1 j 



.0-la.j ill 



jJjjJl <j]j J>l J 



na^l 



V00&Of 



y0tb 



:J\J1\ Q*m ^ J^ J»l CM] -1 



( *a . a j \1 j jdll l_iL1£ 6JJ-J^ dlLuiljJ dJjlJJ Cjj^aii] Ls --ftic (J .llaJ (Ja.1 j-a 

j] j cAla. L-jU^jI LJjluoJ al j clgjLjlc. ijJJ aJ j dj-JAa. j LaJA9 iAlill j UJ'**-*" j 

ajljjuol (_]£ di£jjl La] coj^juo j cAjIjI j jljjiil ^-sj^I J^*J dul£ CjLuiIjaII t^llj jl 

1 g M U <-. — jj ^a aJaluu -] \ g *<<\ (Ajx^Luij 4_LJj£ CjLuiIjaSI (ills (Ja. dljl£ 
AjjUjJl AilajJl JJJU jl£ j italic. 4jm-vVI ClllilajJl JJJU j-a j^alaJJ jl IAjIAJjIj 

^i 4(^13 j oxj U] (3»j <_Lji .(^c-j jc j^-J Ai£] cA^^iLuiVI Jjg-a-Jl tSlij ^ LajJalj 

^^Jj (j-aj ^gJc UjJLulall 4jj^}x]I lllLj^laill j C£^LLa]l j-a SjliluiVI J' ""*^ I^A 
<&l L_llj£ t5 ic j&La. 2^-^* -^Lljuo] Jj '*V w t^ijz- £&* ^Lalc-I l£ j JM V' 

> J^ J >" 

eA^c. Lac ( allaj aIxaj tA-b ^-j- ^ (J-aaJ ^j?* A l_Aj£ aJJ^I u'j^' cjj 
(jx .?< 'a-^j^l j JjlajJl ^ Luala. l>frid (iliJ (jiajiL V' . jllJl jl c j*jJi]l j-a JJ^' 
; jj^al A±LlC. c_U^J » > taJ cljla. ^Lal*J <&l L_l\j£ *-a <J<al*j}l j J*\! ' " ^^ tJ^' 

m (_yaji aill j-a OJ;!*^ (J^ '(J^AlLa L_Aj£ ftj^^jl j'j^ Lr "1 

Ajiuila j cAjjli (jjuoil j^lc Clull cAjJAaJl AjjjjlSI Ajjilll djbjJajJl jl -2 

_^j^xl| «^aHa-aj| ^ jj jc ^>J*J" AJjLiLa 

ja Aj V iA^^}*]! ^AUajI j ^^jxJl j£iJl jl ■ 2aA) ^ frLaJjVI jjW- 3 ' O^' L>° J 

[(^Jc <_La*Jl 

^kJ! AjSI Jj-ajJ LaJ A.La^UVI CjIjI^VI J 'Sjjj*J| ^jJ\ ^ ^JJ iU^U 
L_iUnuiVI j j .^Urtll j-^all ^a ^g-cljll ialj^JVI jl i^llJ » CJJ^]I ^jilSl 
P(1) P «jl4Ja.l ^UaS aSjjjjJel] LjiSlI U-a j^i^j Luljdl ^lliS ^oljll J cj^l 






y0tb 



IJjuI Jaaj AjjjxSI AjjxUI (ijUu'V ji ^ .fj^' J>^»^ £JJ lP^-V. V c^^l 
(jj» ; Jljii! !<&a a Jj% cJjAaJl (_£J*JJ j Qj^ljaJl ^>ju^J cAjLaJlc. AjjLudJJ 

Laii£ cxiU <Jac jl c^tlL^a j^a <_$l jjc ^^'\: (jJ j i cJaJL &] ^^jajJl (jj^il a^LujVI 

lg_La jtaluU ^gJjl ^LLJl j ajAlLJl aLjC. In "-* tlgliail 

(JjSlI ila j ceJjLoJl A-aVl AilflJ j tj>^»\l AAjudlL AjJfljJl C1AaLsJ"VI JJUJ 

Jj^j" '^g-J^V J^ 1 ^gAc A-a^La IgJV ..^tuiijil j Ajc.Lua.VI jA±kjUll £t&LLa]l 
(JiaJ i (JjJJ ^g-alc gtfrLai (JaJjuoUII IOJ j .(JjSjjI (e-*i«-jl J c^gC^ajJaj-all (JJlaJjl (jjj 

.(JaJjj! ^j-a (J-ajJl 

CJJJxJ j 'Lj-ilJ Uu3 lllial£li j tAjjxUl illLjlaijI CJJJxJ ctillj iSj*^ (J^l (j- 

ajja jlaalj t*UJ C5 Lc j_cLuo jJ j tl^jj c. dixLii ^1 Ajj£_all j tAj LoJ all jjiuuoVI 

_JJJA. j 

JabJ'jVI A^l AJaJJjx j^A j 'LjjjI (ji \;^' ; ^ CJlcljJ CJsUaJl » ; La_j Ala - 
Igi&UaJl ^ ClijudJlluol Lpl La£ cA^Lk ^U.^jVI jUtJl j cA-alc ^LjjJl j^iib 

P ( 2 )p«AJll J*J <J aXui* tSllj j i<jJjjJI JAJil gAliaJ 

La Jkcl j cA^MuoVI CJbLp^VI c> j^j AjJJaJl AjjjAJI CjUjaII CJ-ilLJ 
jaa ( lgj£ AjjjjjVI SjLjaaJl jJjL^a* ^jl£ l5-"' cr^.^?^' ^g-LaJl jA A1a Clljliluol 



.261:0 s '1999:^jjjj '1 :Ja ;V>Liil jIj ;uj*Jl ^ ? iUa < ^IJU! i»a^ : (1) 

.31:o» '1996 : <3^ J ' l^ 9 



.357 :oa '1984 :^jja '^yj*^l ^^1 jIj 

:_4 tSlli cjJjUj a^>JI dA^/vi u^S 

(JjjaLjII j S^JaJb Aj^JajJl JaJj - 

Af.LuoJ'1 j -73 LaJl Ia±i a - 

dlia-Jl j (J ^ !■»■*<" fi.lJ.la. JJjL«-a JJ6-^ - 

IjjlaJ jj£l tA-baiC-j t4-lLaC dlljjl lij^Lal - 

^gi 4jlhuiI (filll 4juiaLk 4 a - aj ^gjujajll ^-1a]I ^^Ic all Jai cCJJ^aJl Oaljll Lai 

^ (1856 -1798) "^j£ £^>i " ^jill L-ajmUll jiSic ^tfJi jjill 

( ^pAjlac j Ajjjjsj Ocljl ^gAc C5 i±j iAjjilll j AjJLudJ yi ^jixJl <J*^> 

O^jluLvajI AJjLlaJI j tLJJ^aaJl (Jia ^ Lj£.jja (JfLj ajlxll c*ll3 dlLaLJ ' ; ' lia j 
(JS*]| jjJ ^glaJdJ cAj-alxll Ojiaijl AaIlJ L>frLa « ■ aJ (jl CllljLa. j cAjjiill ojALlaij 

.^LuL^VI j <J^I j c^Xall Jc AjIjJ j 

ilialaJl <_£j^aj^a]l (jlt'^il Jjgia -1*J t J^.1 ^g-a-La L_Sj£ (jl ^aVI <-^ La j 

Vjl "o^.^ " J J4^ JJ3-^ J o^J^aJl Ajx^jILj l_sj*j La j\ Logique moderne 

ale lliUx^aa. Jj£jJuj] SjfcJ ClljjJulJl tCjLlila mill ALa 4Jl (_ s l^ 'P"l_)LjI£ 

_4_a.jj j j- a«il AijoiiL IjJU ^^JJj^lill L_ljVI 

AjLaliill IgJ^aj^aL JaJj (jj-i r'LL (jl cAd^jxll L_iAI.1ajI 4juoIjJ ^ JJaxjII L)j 

.^.LujiVI jAljla j Cjj^aljC-VL Clnjuolll (j-a (3-aC I JJUil (J*-?^5 ^^ (jV 

^1 <_gJjJ ^yj«-3l ^5j*^l t— iLuoljoll AjjlaJl j Ajiuiiill J^x^aVI Aij*-a jjli cL& (j* 

^glc l^lllalj Igj-a O^liluiVI (J^V. (^1 ^cjUill ^L^>*J f^ajuoJ La£ 'L^Jfl jj£l (3<a*Jjl 

.ajj£ll jlijSlI ](jjjLa]l LuLi£ 
.561-560 :o» '2000:^jj^ '1:^ 

a*l * ]| JjC 'jiaJI .^JVjIuiVI ji t^j^abjil jl t^>«jll ji t^jo^l (jiiulb CJJJaJl (jlalt!! yAuy :(2) 
2000: SjAllil i^gljilA <Lu£a c^uijjl .^jjjlajl tAjJ^C <luliil CJlaJkyaAJ J^Luil aaj 4JI t^^iJa. 

.944j 842 :u« 



.31 j 26:o-a '1985 :^jja '*Wj*JI <lua$JJl Jj c<LiAk!l 3ij*Ail AjjIaJ t jjtUl j^ jaU :luaj| jkJI 

^JJXJ) 4jj*13| &AUa1\ ujg^ fla -3 U 



4_L-a_l 



AJ'IJ As. (j Ls^Vl (JaxJL) a J g j Sj_ci '"'j g la La ^jlcjjuo jj£] iA^jaJl S^aill j 
Lj—l-Lc. ^gj-j c _ s Ilil ^cljSlI jLajj j jj^a_iLl 4Jj£-all jj^aUxll Jj^'< jA ( a^Jl (jl£ j 

aUaJ QC i Lu&jl j clgjLalj^ j lAjA^alic ■Ij-^J' ^j J^J^ajll i^jj^l I^A ^ 
^gjj CllJlLal <Jj cia^a Ail] I ajl*J -laJJjJ' ^ SLJ^-^I (jl ^^ J JU ^. . J J^J^ J ^LjuoVI 
^jl ^yl^. c4juoLlui]| j pi ala V I j ^ ■ ^-.Ta V I j Lis* j] jJ j jlj V I J ^1-l^.VI J P-Ll^l a jlc- 
j 4_bji£jLa]l jjj^aik 4^^.\ja ^ aljl^VL) IjJ-^' <L)j£i Ijlj^ lA.it ^ja lillJA 

oLaJ'VI ^^Ic- ^.ijLic. j ^g-uiLiu) <J*i Sjj tg-La p jaj" La <_)£ j cAjjjiiJl ilul£a 
Ajjuoj^I A_iJ^lSjudil CJ^Lai t^LmaJl aA»1\ ^g-i-L eLaJ'l jAj (AjjuojjII SjjjII AliiJ <_£ill 

P(3) P Jlla Ja^ ^Jc l_s£] Ajj^I Uo*j ^> j 

t \i%^\\ (j^-aJ ij^ljS] « ' u ^.: LaUaJ Ailll dilj j£i c^J-iVI ^gi 4jj±uJl Lai 

lu\±A\ CAS j t^lkill 11a LjjIc ^L ^1 cjliM*Jl t> < iu^ll j cl^iikj' j L^Jc 

4^ ClLali (fiill (Cjiaj]| (jaLoiVI ^*J cfiiil "j^ ^ojuo ^J OJlipjfl" L_llj^ i^jVI 
Ajjiiil (JjijI^aJI (Ju (JjSJl (j^-<V. AJl ( -5 Ja. _Aj^aLk AjjjLil j iAjjAHI Ajl*j| i ajlai a 
Ojjjk-aJ t^^liiil Ailil ale ^j ^g-alli "^,^-" / 'j'''' " (^^ " J^ ^JJ " -^ AjJdaJl 
t^glc ajaj ttlllS^lsul (jx aUaJ (jfr SjUc AJlIII (JU (jxjJ L»-La^ LpV 'C^J^L jl 

LJ^liVI J AjLuollI (j-a AjjjJaC- dila^lc 



(1): Tzvetan Todorov, Poeteque de la prose, seuil, Paris : 1971, P : 11. 

Jil\ l2 :Ja 'Jiji-aC- Ji^- :> 'J^jJ ^] o-jLA" 1 <^M 6^ 'AJJJJ^I >-aC tJjjjjjS (luJl :jlaj| : (2) 

.15 :u- '1986 :fLiyJ! 
1 ;Ja ^jljil) ajJc <Lutuij^« '<^j*^l j**^l Jij t^ <ij^l ^jjl^Vl sIajVI '*<uil2 ty*-^ 6^^ : j^l :(3) 

.7:0-3 '1992:6^?* 



y0tb 



£j±l CllLujJj J '(jjljS ^J^-J} adiuUjI j^lc. LuoLuol ajL <_£j;lii]l gtfrLaltj 

(j^ La Sjlia ^ jjj aa cAiUl AjlJj.} ^ eLaJ'VI li& j ceLiJl jjj^J' ^^l jcLixll 

;Uj-A»l L^J^al j LjjjI (j-a (_)£ ^ ClAcj^aa " S^C AllLaJ j C(jjlLa]L«Jl (j^^jaJl 

"jJjuo ^ojuo (_£j" Lj-aC jlj ^glll ;lJ;1Jja. AjuojAa Afcjxa ^ -1- 

C5 iii>j]| Ailll ^Lu ^,li CJ^i&l ;AjjiiSl £_Ijj AJik f.\ . ^r-i -2- 

. iLLiLaLj pLul tiiJLaJjuojlLaJl ajuol L^llc (jjllal ;Aj_j»Ai) (jalgijj£ Alia. f\ - '<aC I -3- 

AslUI aL«J *VjA aJAI ;^ilLajL jJjUjJ ajuoL (jjJaJJ^aJl (jjjfLj^aVI (j J^.J*^' - 4~ 

CliaJjj A-Jj±ujI L_aj£ iJ ak tAjjiAll *al*Jl (j* Lb jjc. jj^Jal AjjauJI JUXi .}*_j Clio^a 
^^A AjiJjluoVI J AjjjUiil (_J-1J AJ&lxJl (jl <_£JJ J ttSlJj (_paijJ (j*a t*jlJA j iA^jLuoV' 
AjJajJl «AL1aJ| ( alia a (jjlJ lalaa3 c^aVI AAc (jafiilj (j«a lilliA j 'jljJ AJJ^lc 

.Ajj^iil Lp"ljLiJ j cAjJAaJl 

(j-aill t5 lc JjUaJJ V A^jluoVI (jl »; (e^ (j-a£j AjjOJjJI j cAjiJjluoVI (j£ c3j^' J 
aJc j cAja^jx-a (j-LaUiax ^1 Igja a£laJ AjJAi-a CjlSllala IgJj Vj cAaJl»ja ^^V 
Uaj*-a Ua V J tLalc. iIllU-i] 9 Ajj_lJ_Jl Lai . aj]*]| Jajl^ajJa t*llj ^ ^' a '"\l L-JjluiVI 

P ( 2 )p«^a^la A^ja (Jb LaJl j 

AjJjlaiVI jA c^jluiVI ^-i«*jl J 'c£j£^ T^* ,a ^ (j£ * *?■ " Jj^ oLiJ'l J^Ja tdlil 
IJA ^i Jia^Ll J cA^Lk "j^j' JjjLW' jLafci ^ oUjVI IJA J^N .Ajj^lll 
(jjj jjj^'ill ^^Ic ajSJ AjJ^laJ (J£ju2 Ls 5l\ (JjjjuoVI J cjJjl*Ail (j-a JJJ^I (jl (jLuiil 
La jA j JJJJ L-ljLuoV' ^HJJ '^*- J * Aiill (jl jjjlijj (^JJ ' - lia j tAiUl j L_ljiuoVI 



1995:SjAHS) <l:Ja k uiJ£il ^bt k ojJ_aJl AxUl ^ifr ^ CiljuaU^ k j^jfr jUiLa ia^i cjkJI ;(1) 

.181-180:o- 
.6:0- '1982:lh"JJ '2:-Ja hjIjSU AjjjxSI jIjII njjluiVl j AjjjIuiVI t^AuLail a^LJI jjc :(2) 
(3) : Riffaterre Michael : Essai de stylistique structurale, Tr : Daniel Delas 
Flammarios, France :1971, P :31. 



y0tb 



lg «\ laJLul (j£-aJ ^jjil AjlSjil (j<a lj^ (J*^' L5^ <-£j^. ^-^ (Sjiilli » 
jJ'VI dyj^J' >^^*J U' tJj^ 3 . isij^^^ J '^*^' dlVLa. (j* AjjJaLa AjLa, (JJJ^J SjI&V 
f.ljSll ClAjLaJLuol ^^ > aj (jl j tAja ' . uS <_£i}l j- a*Jl ^ La (j^aj L-Jjluol AjOa.1 <_£iJl 

, F(1) P«Siihiull SjjjL-all 0J14J ILL cjjjol^l 

jA ^gSjlftll I^A Cjj^ailb Aja!il*J j t^gSllallj AJu\\ aIc aLal&l AjJaj (jjiuo La-a ftjJall 
jl "j%a J^Cl^ " C5%>°'VI JjU j <t5 SHallj ^Jjitill AjjjLiVI c^iAl «^£ 
]qa (j£ CliLajl J^Lv (j-a dlLuLaJl (j-a AjJaj cljjJaJ j La-iJaJ 4jjj_LuoVI CliijC 

AjjuojjLJI AjuojAaII ^ 4_u^Lk cdiLj^Lill t*Uj cjjjLj tCjUiuLiiiill (j-a AjJaj <j£J 

j^LaJ^)C. j t^jiUJjjS j cAJ^a^)J j cClljL (jVjJ iU .! .!^.! *j " uLacI J^-^ 1 ^*-i 

^i Ljil^AI ^j SaJ (jl gJaJ uiJ aJ A^jLuoVI (jl (jj^U^luill *VjA (_^lj j 
L_SJ^)*J ^Jfr (j '1 > nl Ti (jl (-3 1 ■ Zajl ftaJJ a] j iA^^ajJa^a-a AjjlLa ^J^*J' aiil AjjtLa 
SjLa£ (jiijLaJ AjjjLuoVI «i*J ^J (illii t Lg A,j]j.<U.uUjl alLj L5 ic <_£ja.VL jl ci^lj 

/ (3) P4.uU;Jl ^ g^tf La \jl& Jj ^ 



"luba 



jjLaJ j^lc. j t<Ja^-La]| L^IjLuoj j cl&ljj jJjLj j^ifr tillj ^*J AjjLLaJjuJl C-iLafc 

.'UjjluoVI (j-sajHj 



.131:oa '1996:»J*>^I '2 :-k "-it&ll flilual cyJjIu.Sfl diaJl CjUIajI tJLc i*a-« ^jlu : (1) 
.70:<J^ '1419:0^0^ ^^LaLajil <Luiuij^ -»•*'"' ^ I j vJjjUiSl j AjjjIuiVI <Ul Jfr A4a ^ (j^^A ; jJaJI ;<2) 

.71 :u- «j3l>« ««-W3iVI 



y0tb 



qoj1\ ^£> JS 4a1U <u .u^ (^a -4 U 

jjl£i Cjj^ajlaj]! (J^axJ qa j^.i-i.l'1 Igj) ulj ALa Ajjilll ^sAliajl t alia ^ dUjta. 

ALa (fi^jl T^-"^ '"^.!.^' L ' jjW- 3 ' J^ <^ jUL i J ' J^* <-)j^5 Jfl ^*J 2^-^ ^ 

Jj Cjjij ^La A^jLuoV^-3 < J^J' ""''^ AjjlLa J JJ^I A-Lalr. j AjC^Ja^a ' . 1 ■ uI&U 
Ajjjilj al^J V '^3^ ^r^ U^J^ ^' Jj^'' (jl£ j ce-l^j ^>j£I Igjl Jc AlaaJl 

.(J-aill LAJ oAaj-ail 

£y* AjjIjIa <fcj^a a jl tAlal£la A-a!^£. (j-aill (jl AjJUa-LjuJI <^lllj Loi-lJ 

j-llj j t4 ^j^a^\ jjiuoijj j Cjj^aill jLa-a >ajiu (jl lillij dlfrUaluili cCllLaMxll 

algj (Jul AjaljjoJl CllLajLalb (JjlaJiil (J^la. (j-a ?ejJalj (J£jJuJ (J-ailj (J-aLudll (JjlaJlJl 

tJAjJaj Jll Isotopes <-£l£j&Ul ^IjJl (j-aiil J J^J' j <aK (jUjuJb 

. (1) PAjoiJUj 

'" u "^ J 'AjjLgJ AL^aJ *j- ^.^'^ i " 14 nj\ CjLajLall (jl (JjlaaJl I^A Jc L_ll*J (j£l 

*■ 'PAjc^juoj^ Aijx-a (jJajSJ j cAIAj 

AjJjjuJI AjjUaJjoJI J (j-aill jj^aUc '^ > ul <aHj La-jJalj aLaS&VI t^J <- i u.\< 

ta IISa j» l^iy Uia AJajljIa IjIaJ ojUbb recit C5^ J] J^" W^V 

(flill jx'VI P ^P« C5 Juai]l jaill j i^jjuill jajJlj t^ji-aVl jajJl (jc (illiAaJl 
j cAjjLuiUl ajlaJl ' " it j > ilS a (jx Liaj > tu lg-J*-a j i(j-aiil CllLjLuJ jj^Ja] O^a 
dilaata Igil Ja. Cjj^aill Cllbjluba .IpaJ J A-pl.La.LuU I (j-a Cll-Ailuil Aaa l^j'l jLaJj 

AJ^ajul AjJjJI j tA±a kjmll AjJjJI ;l^jLalLj^a-a (_>ia*J Jc 

J cjjlajjuol j io^uaiAjl ojaill j c J^aJl uj '**'*'" (j-^Jjl diLuLaJ ClijjLaJ' 

AjJAaJl tlija-Jl dll£jl ^jl ALai _Ajj ; mjl j AjjjLuoV' dll^a-La (J^a*J (>a ^jLudll I^A 

cjl^^ji] <^kh]l ^JajSl) aj cj_L^i£l j Structure "^1 " - 1 1 Jc 

AjJjJI ^aj^i-a (jl Aj^aLk cAJC (_gia^j| CllJAaJl j^ill ^ (j£-a-a]l (j-a 0*J aJ clgjlii^lc j 
^r y, ■ aj| AjLVI (j^ ^J-^' 'OAJAX. CllLijluba L5 ic JalajJ^U (Jjli i^C^JjaJ ^J^i-a 

P(4) PA : li ? ojUicb cAK j-aill Jj cUaJ j^ ^ jA]| Jl 

Joseph courtes, Introduction a la semiotique narrative jSUiSll j»jfL> jkSI : (1) 

et discoursive, Hachette, Paris :1976, P :50. 

.27:0-5 '1990:^j*aJ1 '1:^ 'tP^J 2 J J '6^1 dj£H 'C 1 ^ ,iAa ^ : ^' : ( 2 ) 

.27:oa'1994:>lj*-!l tlrJatubtJiVI ^Jlj^ALa tAjjjuJl A^U a iuJI J£)a.±a j jIj^Jj Jj**- :(3) 
.133:oa ;1992:t%j^l tAijxJl ^lc tt> all| <Je j uUaaJI Ac!5L ttpafl £lua : jlaj| : (4) 



y0tb 



(jV / 'j '•*■** J '^K (_>^l L_flj^aj] 4-la^Lall (JjLuojll jJjJaJ j}-a jil AJ V jt£ 

L5 ic LJjSjll j itgijS La ^1 <laaJl JjAa. jjLaJ ^ S^k-alS CllAJ <_£^i.yi ^Ali<all 

(jbjuJl C5 ic L_fl5jla AdiJl Aj^i-a jjl 4-i^aLa. clg-a^^J ^^lll 4_liiil j < J^J' ""'^ 4-lV-i 

.j^SI Jib cjlSUll j 

o^SD ^ -5- U 

Linguistique du texte o 3 ^ 1 iiiUSUJ j tj^j-aSlI aaUI ^Lc. j c^^aill ^Lc 
Ljajj t>a iii Ajjiaj j i Grammaire du texteo 3 ^ 1 j^ j 

Aj fje. .1952^ J] f^l I^A JJ^al JjVl CjL^UjVI Jj*J j 

^a tSJj^aSH CjLJjaII CJjjLj fj tt_jUaaJl Jjkj 4jL& ^ 'HARRIS L^J^" 

4_kjuolj 4'aYa^ dla 1> ^ jl dlllJ La j "c£Lb jli" *-a ^O^ 1 ^' ^JJ^P J "**^.!*W"'^ 

ROBERT. DE BEAUGRANDE ^ jj l^ ^jjjj" ^.J^ f 

P(i) p .. 

.LjaxJ LpuJaaU (j*a dljliluil j cL^-llJ LaJfl CliJjtaj jjl tlijaaJl 
4 j'^ uiJ Si ajlxJl j},a lAj_l_C. j Cjj^ajJl CJl .ul m S (JJJ j_a.ljaJl jjl Lja_jl Ja^Lall 

^c.i'iU.^vi el£ill j cjLjjJaLjjll (jx i_i iLau *!*]! IJia ^ u^il j .cii£j as aI^aII j 
(jkL* a*j ^ill Logique moderne ^^Jl jJai^l j <yij*^l q^\ ^ j 

•*"?■* jj-saill AJjlLa t-w u^.1 (iliii . *■ 'P!>LaA. oLLjai ^g^ajjii ' - Ua c4_La lc ji <J<aaJl 

■ aill J-llaAll - ' alll L_flj^ajll - 

(JJaxJI (JjlaaJl ^gJj JlilJVI (*J* '(J-a_Lj| CllLjj£-a] IL^aj i L^ajjl jj%. 
(j-a LbjJC. j c^L^a^^J (Jul A^jLiJl j tAjl^loil Jajljjll j c<_LxaJl j^ dlla^lxl] 

• Vig ; jj^aill aLlS tCJljJaail 

aLa mJVI j Jajlj^jll c^^jAll L_ll£ljlill 4juoIjAj - 



y0tb 

AjuJalaJl j cAj^aaUll L_ll£lj!i]l j cAjjfljJl j cjlj£jJl AjuoIjAj - 

ll:o- '2001 
.842:u^ v4luiiiil <*.i-«.ti.,>..t j^uiji .■*.. «t) tCf ija, ^xUi jjc tj&l ;(2) 

jL^SaVL?- (j^Vb- AjjL*Jb- aJ^UlL.VI? - 

j^ AjjaiSi j t 4 jqViirt\ l cjIIMjlSI jV . p(1) Coherence^W^JVl j Cohesion 

;{\a+u2j\ pjj** ^ji u^l <*J^> 6* -6 U 

.Ajj^jxJI j lg-La AdJjaJl tCjlilsljl ( alia a £jfcjj '"'■'"'^ J (J-^Jjl ftj^^* <—■ 1^-^*1 

." P(3) P<CL> j .^1 

.AjjjxJI AfllsaJl j 44_lJj*Jl AilfljJl ^gi (j-ajJl a j^ 9 a Qll LajJalj li^lla.1 Saa.^U 

.AjUill Jl AjI^I 2LLSJ c> JlSuVI - gtSl) - ^ U JIjjI - 

I ^^ ill i4j\ g lil j 4_jIj_J| *< laaij JAaJJ AllALai cAlillaj j (j-aill AjALa ^jjj 

(J-ajJl (»J^a JaLu'l Aj-a^iLjoVI Ajj^jxJI AilS_ul jjc t . 1«J a] t*llj (^J J 'U^3 J 

p(4)p ^^ 



10 



y0tb 

.75 -72:o-a '<_h l «'-*^ £ia^*ll njaJi\ jaJ (^Lap ia^i tjlaj) :(i) 
(2): TEXTUS LE PETIT ROBERT DICTIONNAIRE DE LA LANGUE 
FRANCAISE FRANCE :1998,P :2243. 

'13:£ '2004 &jj£i '3:^ 'jJL^ jIj '<-jj*J! cjLlJ tjjlala £#' Oi^l J'-*^ J*—i3l jj! 'j&JI :(3) 

<>a*aj SjU -271:t>a 

'1999:f<-uajJl jliil . l;Is ^j*il t^^l JSj"*^ tflfca ^liaJl .j-Uiia Aaa^ s£)Lill IJA ^ jlaJI ;(4) 

.22-21-20:o- 

.CliLjliJl j tllillllaiall JA*J ' yifuij <(j-aill L_SJjl*J CllJOxJ J33 'LlJ^a. Lai 
LgjJaaJ j Jajl jjll Jc LgjJajU j fULaaJl (j-aill Cl)Uj£-a Jc ajL LJjjLujJl (J^aju3 
(J*l jl c4.lJ.iV I 4_la.LiJVI ^^Ic AaIuu *jI j (_>a*J j -LS ■ ail! (Jj^aljlill Jc AaJ*J 
c _ s Ilil ClAAj^al^all j tAJIJa all CllbjlLall 4_Laa. Jc AaJ*J (jii-aLa. (_pa*J j 44jU£ll 

j^ JV.J^ ^y?>j£ 'lk^ 1 ?j4^ u£ J£^' ^.jjj^ &*^ ^ t> J^ 

(jli <_£ja.l 6jU*J j 4(j-aijl (jx '-^'j-*-**^" ^Jj' J 4(Jcti!ilj Ja^a-a£ L_]Uaajl j 
ajJ_J c^g-JLjoiJ JLjuojJ (JaxJ *La_£iJ Ju (j^aj (_}£ jA jLuillI ajfrLall J 1 -ll kail 
^g-Lx-a ) *-^al_ui jl ^Jjt-3 Jl 4 j aj* a 4AjJa_l Uj a j a (jj^-J J 't— * U^^)- 4_j 

. p(2) p(0^ji 

^JV-^l (j* dlSllaJl ^ 4(j-sai]Lj AlLtlaJI aa&lLall j <_£jjl tSilj ( alia ^ jl a£-all 

Coherence^W^JVI ?j$±* Jc 4j JjIouI .Tissu g^' f j6** t> j 'cAs*^ 1 

.t*ilj o*j 

(jl "t^Lb (jli" Jj LlA (j<a (Jjc J ^judj ^?i" (j^ A^ata uul j <Laa.Mj J (j-ailli 
(J£.uil3 Jill Jajljjl (ills J (JaJJ gLluiill j i(j-aill ^g-aj^La (JJJ (j-«^J Jill Aa!A*ll 

jjj cjliM*ll ^jlai* j ^jijuoil ajjjII ; Micro -structure lW 1 u?j1^ u^f 

p (*)p ( _ 5 jAll ^mll ; Macro- structure W 

j^ j (j-aill (jjiJ (Jj^aSJ Jill (jjiulLall (JJJ^J Jj t^llJ ^*J ^-a (^^ll ^aVI 
CllLuoljoll J LluiLuil ljj^-a (J^uJ (_glll caLajudJVI jJjl*-all (illj aAl (jl£fl 4(j-aill 

AluaJl ^Lu^jll 



:jlaj| tt-ilLiJl j <j^ill ^j^i« ^c '21: o— 'o^l j^J t^ijig ia^i :(i) 
JEAN DUBOIS, DIC DE LINGUISTIQUE l er ED LAROUSSE, BORDAS 
GUEBEC 1994 DISCOUS P :150 TEXTE P :482. 



11 



yOTb 

.20:o* 

1993 :fLdjJl jIjJI c2:-ia 'o^j^l ^ti-^1 j-Sj-»Jl cuLk^Jl Jj-Laj j,'***,' jjslu. .dJJS jkil 
8:£ .kjJ^I j Axlil 4l^a t^j-aJil j»jfi« j 4_iU£il tQ^ljJ^ iUI-UI j_l£ Luajl jlaJI .21-20-19:0^ 

.ll:o-'1996>IJaJl 
^JIjaII J^iil J All ^] jjju :(*) 

Lg L ±jj JVj 3 ]jll\ -7 U 

(JS J^i 4 jwajj'l CllUjljal] j *La uuVb aJ£J ^^jl! AjJjJlII CllLuoljoll Sjj£ (*C.J 

CJiL ^1 aJI^^VI cjLojIj^I j^*j Vj <e_jjb>j| ^ c> ub^ 1 ^lj^ f^VI 

.AjaLlII j ( a\ ■ aJVl jc Ig-ajUj ^ Cli^LLli cAjJ'lill bulc 

;_j jj-ajj jljall jl jja'j J l i l u i ^ l *Vj& Ja. <_£lj 

/e.la.1 jll Ojjuill xJoJatj-a JJAJ - 
_L_a^A jjJ cAilia-a Jjuo jJC bjjoiij xJjJal jail jlj^J - 

.(Jjjjjll 4-^' J- 3 ' dF 1 cJ^'j^l < t j ^J- j ' ^-S^bi.1 - 
.Ajjabjd Ai!ilc jjjbxll j c jjuJl JJJ Ai!>l*Jl - 

- ^ 5 aIJa]I JtaliJVI '.V"V iC ib VI jjj <— 1 1 jail I Sjj£ - 

_ jjudll ^ CllbVI (J-a*J jJJ lZj""^ ■»" (jiaflbj - 

jTjSlI jl uJj^l Sjb*J j t aauoiia jJC L_Aj£ jljall jjl (jlj J^>VI (ji *Vj& J*-^ 

_oj£J (JJJjuo ^° ' . V"V 'Ajj^ajll 4j3 (jjLaJJ al pJJ^ll 

Ajjtlall AjaLuI Oj la S Si <L^a_Lj_J aj cbL^ai-a jl£ j-a j .! *J '"'' * '" A ^ L>° U' J^" 
t*lbv " t5 judjjill (Jj3j.ulLui<uI ^Vj& j-a t4 ■ aalajl AjCjJajajl j 

bi^ UiijJ^jou jijJJl ji ^. ^Ul "JACQUES BERQUE4>y 
Aiiaall 4ij*Ji jl j c4c jii ^a jJbJj jl jail Saa.j jl ^jj j p(1) Ordre cache 

4Jl ^5^ tp j^aa iftil S.la.jJ JaJJj-a cA^jjla-aJl xjjJal jaJl JO*J jl pbJaVI ^j t^J^jSj 
jV to.la.ljjl 4 ^K\K cAjda.j j lA ab^ uul j t^Laa.^\j ^ jlj^l jl Jj^l j^-<V. 

. t _ 5 ^- A^b^juiJl 



12 



S^ljfl oAc\ AJC& (J^li. qa Jj^> cUc^iaj^ ^tllaJ "t^JJJJ iilL^" uV.I 

a^LlJI ^juoIjoJI jl tSLli t^jrtl r. jl£l cijjl SAj^jk (jlil «Ii j 'a-jj^II jlijSlI 

.AiLiaa Si ^1 J^j^ajll (jljJj^jJl jUlljuoj]! La& (^aIxJI dlia-Jl j 

jjic. L-jU£ jljSlI jl jjJJ jjill JjSj j^Io l J I *Vj& ^^Jc Jjil jLaJ AJl ^^ 

J^laJ ^ AjJAaJl 4jj^>xJ| £c&Ua]| jx iaLl c^ix ^gJc Oxiu 4juojAj to uiia 

AjC^Ja^a ^tjUij J 4-lUaaJl 

(1) : JACQUES BERQUE, RELIRE LE CORAN,ED ALBIN 
MICHEL :PARIS :1993, P :20-21. 



13 



:cffi R hgliH U 



:U gg L fejd& U 



■umm kw&u 



x x ■■ vr ay 



w:cr^' 



■^Ti v 



X W sj-^ X V X 



rB3/3tj 0irimkYN^It2r«o 







: JjSn J^u 



"4j!j jjii" uiui <> - 1 



(jkj*al\ j Jij*al\ j jIuiaJI 


-1-2 


^aU;i „j,„tt ^JV^ll ^ jluwil 


-2-2 


LU^I ^ ±iJ\ ± 3J & -1-2-2 




^w» e^ -2-2-2 




fUuJVl -3-2-2 




o^^il j j^l cjULi! -4-2-2 




^jijsii ^jIul^i 


-3-2 


jUuJI j o^l -1-3-2 




^IjjV! ^yiil! JUuJI -1-1-3-2 




<^Ub.VI JUuJI -2-1-3-2 




AjjUpIjJI j 2LSV-U1 


f^c* -3 


v UaiJL h&l\ JUfrl 4i!te -4 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



ill_a.L]| ^j-g-a 4_La&l Jj-a. iAjj^a_i]l CIiLjuoIjaII Ls -k (Jjla.L_Jl a la* a J-filj 
ajjJala <jj^l ojjll j^i AjUI^juoI j c(1 943 ;4_Luo aJj) M dj|j £)li " c£-^W 
4juojAa]| j A-IJ jjji£Lj) jlaj V I 4_juojAa]| j^ £j 4_lLaclj jjLaJ .l£i i (J^alll >ic ^jx. 
IaA (J-t^aj (_g-la. » ^LoiJJ j t5 -<uLc jJb t-a ^^j jaulJ (Jl pUalLuol j ( AjjoiJ^)ijl 
LgJ&Lj j <_£j_j£]| Ajj^aill AjJjV' CllLuoljJ £utlJ aAl ^j AjjuojAa j ^Ailj^Jl Clia.L]l 
^j^a (_£j_a.l CiLc jje^ua jLacI 0.}_aJJ Cll_jl£ <_£aJI jLui^ll jJb j c4_lC-!ilj]| djjaJl £A 

P (1) P « SPILLNER J^x tfdj J^ \&*$ ^k jjl^Ull 

jjjjl ' - 1 ia 4 0AA LLaUl ^gJj 1968 L>° Si'^ ClljjJaJ J <Ja.l^>AJ a\joc\ C1/ja 
4_mJl Aj^aJ J (J-^l jaj x-° 4lla.j IajII ,4-i^aLa, L-J-iV' ^.^>^J ^J-^' C5^ LaLaJ&l 
4_il.ll taj-a-i J-->l aJL&cI gtln aJ aJ ( 1970 (j* ^J^ ^ ? uuVl j tjfrlalall j <_£^>A]| 
*■ '*P oj^p-j (jiiiil! al*£ 4 alia ^ A^LudJJ j»ji*J (j-aill >ic AJaj^>] _ 1980 l>° 

; 4JUcl ^jiaaJ jMk (jx "c*Lb u^" *SL>^ j'j^j U^V. U^ 

. 1977 ijUumII j o-sll _ l 
.1980 cjL^L^ilkVl J^'^ d*.^ : j - ill - lc. 2 

CjUljjtJjai Si (jj_l La 4-jlllj£ ^gJ AjjJa^ll elgJ aJ&l L_£il£]l (jl AjuaLa. t aLa uuVl (J-aaJ 

^Loilll J-liaalb aL-oJ&VI (j-* J SlkS 4 tdJj AjU t-gija. 4-aAllj (J-ii j CjLiilJLalll j 

_ CjUiuuLullI ^ L_lUaall ^g-uiLluill j <*-^ flla.yi (JjlaaJl ^1 ■ alll 



. 251 : 0» ' 0*^1 ^ J <jUaaJl Ac!)L t ^paS ^!iua : (1) 
.483-482. u-« 2001' S>liil 



16 



: "dLU^LJ "<JJja1j-*- l JJ 

Ac Jx-aij ^'A\ ja.UJl jxjS "tdjb jli" JUcI J& Alk^Xa c jl*j La Jjl 

aj-lxll ( a IJa a jjx. 4_sl1]| a_lc (J > a L <_£AJl j\aLaJl Jjul£ aJ c 4_sl1]| a 1& (j-C. L-J-iVI 
4_i]]l a-lc 4juoI jj Jc jjl 4_Lalxll p jjill i alia " J JaJ (jl (_£ JJ ' - lia J i L_Sjlx-a]l j 
A^a AJ'VLvuiJl j <Lalg-a] IxjuojJ j c aalxll oi& £a !Aa.I^J L_ aj*J ja.VI jA ft^al <_£^l 
a_lc j i L_la. j] jJ jlj V I J < ^ &1 flia V I (jiliiJl a_lc (j_-a lialol j (J^aiJl a_lc gj ■ ^ 
P (1) P ^jkijll L-Jal! j t £UjLUl *ift j t jjjlSSl alt j t £Lua.yi 

^J A-aiu 4_Lalc 4SAJ j 4 r- jjJajJ Ajjjaj (jJajxJ "(iLb (jli" (jl Jaa.^Lj La£ 
^3 jala]l ^g-lc (J_l]aj}l j t a i ajll ^g-3 4_jl£j'V ' .lJ^)aj}l ^g-lc- (jl—la.VI (j--a J .u£]| 

. ^jjjuall 

^jj_jjjj (J^La. (j^a c la ■ alj (j^aiJI j_aj] XcljS « > a j (j^a 4_3^A (jL£ j 

• La& jj±Laa mLa (j-llLalSlLa 

. ( 4_Jilil ) Ja.L\]l t> j^ajJl Jj jJijJl - 

( (j-aiJl L_fljLlaj ) Jllall *-a AjSMc J t (j-ajJl Jl jJaill - 



A-aiu La l^f& J ' 4-jJjl.ijJl elaj'l J AjjLuiUl Aj JaiJl 4_la.jJ jA £pj ( '^' 
CllljjJi_J j I 4_JjlajJl jl 4-ijLj ijaVI j^j- a lll£ 4 4 laJ > a ; j a j > a 3 cs-^ ta-Ji ^g-3 

. JUjjSI L_LkaJl j cjba^l 

i a ■ ajil 4_3AJ aj g j jjl_£ La jj£j cxjajl ^^Vl (J-«Jjl J '(J-aJj| SjjaJ algJ (jfLj aiS 
(j^alll a j g a /> ^sjjj^a (j£.uiJ (jA-aJ "(iLjb (jli" ^J-fr^- (jl LiaJI Ja_a.!iLa]l Jj^'ll j 



.37 (j* 3 ' JjLuJ! ji-^l jJaJI : (1) 



17 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



; ( J tv\ tf JJ*J ilb j Tnrrt - 2U 



al lajJl a j gi^ dLmJ nil C5 111 4_ljlju0 JVI fj 1*1' Jj' <— iLjLuO 111 1. 



JU 



_4JUti j 4-ia^.La AjjlLa <^pYl (J.:^''^ tdlij dia»la j t AJc 4-iJjJ U j Le systeme 
J-£ ' Systeme f^ J ' Signe -La^c j-& yH->VI j-alll j' ^-^ 

(Jjla^lsul Iaf> a (jx t£lL (Ja.1 ^ -^Vj 'Jj^'^ j < Ll^jjI ^jjj fASUl (jj%3 t^jluba 
(Jj'^''! Iajj .(J^IAjj j <JxI£jj dlbjluiAjl ei& jjV t JjlaaJl ClAjjluba ^jjj JaJjJ Ls &\ 

: yuii eJ i*Jb 

4-ljUu.uill - jaiJl ale - L_S^*a]l aJfr - dlLjJjA-aJl 



■ x\ kaJ) 




bkil 4jL1| JUJ 



^j|.UiJ| L^bJ) jmy » ^WjJI 4^-M 



i r 



^KLJI t^JbJ) 



3*o*]| julVl j 



18 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



( -it kail jjl <_£^>J l-a£ ' Jajljj j CJli^lc. lg ^<^'< (J-aaJl (Ja Acj^a a jA (JJ C(JasJ| 
(jUxjJl j J^aiJl JJ_J CjLaMxJl j-^j j_-a IjV t^lil-l t^yl ualjlll J_*ill ^ 1& J^_J 
wJJ' a ^ ^jJJjlui^l ^g-lc dlljLjxii <_CjJai]l f.Lljjl ^jli ^J-il oj^*J J t^gli^aljlill 

a^L^ll <J_xi (_gjlui^a jjb <_cUl ciiJliill ^jIul^IIj A-alj j ci-*%. u' CS - *^. 'C5^V^-jl J 



_ n- u . u._ t tt •' 51 .1 . -.11 V :1 



I All 



. t-la^'l £yn \llc — (J-ftaJl (j-a AJuilu) = (- ■ aiil Jajila]! (jl (CI 



1 ^?. 

2 <iaA 



1 2^« 







2^ 




cr ^L]|ia^LUl 



19 



1 Alaa. 3 ^lala 

^jJLa «JaLttll (jj%. LttJJ ' L_lUaaJl Jjj£] L_al£ jJC. JajjJu gJaLftl] Ajjiill 'Lo^LlujI j 

1 "^ uiLa jj^-j La-lic. 




2000 ^j«-»il ' Jb^l LiLjfl) ' cr 2 ^ J J ^ ( ^ . J 2 ' J^l j o^l ' 4i ,J <1)^ j^l : ( 1) 

.19 — 18: o* 






20 



<LaLa uul (_1 <La&LaiA <_>alj*£ c « Ul'a^U j > ^il V, j;LaJ (Jul ^iSil j »J» " " (jialj-a 

aJV^I 4-a.laJ (J^a*J t-A IgjJaaJ Ajj^oII j^x^ajl 

jV A_iMl ^W Lilb ULAI ^^j di^ tlguigi "tSLb jli" cjUS> cSlJj a£jj 

Ajjaill j cAja^x^aJl j cAjJjA-aJl (JjLjjIuiaj! j cCliLuoljoll AjIc. ^^A AJV-^I AjuoIj^II 



21 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



; ^hJUiuJI ^jyjJI tfjlvJI- 2- 2 u 



(j^a \^ -^ \l±C jj_±J 4JV ^V^-Sl L-jJUJlj \j-$& LJ-aJ&l (Ajb jli ^^J 

; La aL^. jl La L_£jaJ 4juaUJl AjJV^I 

^J^lj 4-jjj£jj j 4—±*.jJj3jj*a CjULsLc. -Ijjj j-^> U-^ t—*- C^'J cj> '^^ 
l-lSUJI s-3 <±fyj <*J^a Cjlj cJa? (I oJA jjj CjLDbJl jl ^'^' ; J <-lla <*jUlJl <_U?Jl 

_p ( 1 )p « 4Jt^yi j J^sJl CJ j 3Ua ^l l#ja j&uu jJi j* j 

P(A) P Proposition ^^ <J^ <-J-V. '^^ jj^Ja* <j£ d "«4j^ j^ "<-£JJ J 

<JLa i-ijl I <L-xJiljIl I «$ 11 ^ k. (JIjjjlJj - ^(j) (J - C*l'' u * ' '" ,S JJ ^J-* » 

<jDLi j^a <U& JJC filjjui (^g-Li.b JaLj JfkjiJ LL taJUl aJA jJJ jl ti2j*o (Jjlj jl j£oJ 



AjljJsu» 

A j« a j* 







P.Fuchs, G.Reeb , Logique , Office des publications universitaire, Alger ; P :1 

. 57 : t>a ' oaJJl fk '4j ,j 6^ : (2) 



22 



; aJUII AlLaVI ^ £*iij us 

. c>ajVI <-Jj^ J"^' JJ-^ ' ^^ U^ L>°^' j V - 1 

• ^ J^ L5^ ->U il j 4 Uic. Cjj£ JJ2W _ 2 

. P (1) P A^Ull Aioill ^a Lp'jbJ AjoIIj rurA i AjUlal ^ jLj ^aj - 3 

^jVi cWi JjjIj uV ' aluji j^ji j£ jv^ -Mjj* ^i ^jj v as! jji j^a.^ 

4 LaaJll 4_ljix-all 4J&lxll 4_li tlulc. ' (1 ) *-laiUll j c l_g_ili (Jill J ^ H 4 kyij-p j^ 
Clijlc. (3) J (2) (jUJaLall Lai 4 (jj"~ a all t!lia (j-a A-ulflllj A-kil^a ^IC. ^jVI 

. (^a^jJI jj^j*JI j LUaSlI JjoiLij (2j^j Jajjll t> 1j V AjV AjIUVI AjI^uJI U$ja 

; JUI3I JliaJl t> j£ll US 

(j^jl ^gJj jiUo 4 IclAj^a ^g-JUj 4 (jlaJLaVI (^ (jL ftaj - 4 

jV ^-S UL» a jj J aaJl ^j IjjJaJ I Jl 4 JjJ^ J;JC. (jjLuill gJaLall jl Jaa.^b 

"(jlj" jA Aalj (j^aajJu jjc tlu-laJl (jl >C-J 4 Lja*J Ig ■ iaaJj Ul Ai!ilc V til 1 0a. VI 

U : UU2Mqjj1 3 jjJI1 3 jjJ,- U2-2 U 

JaJjJl IJJb (Jj-Sj 4 tjl , U all ^jj_j Ja_Jj jJb J aaj| (JJ_J ^^llaJLaJjaiJl JaJjJl Jjjj 
Ja^juLlI till jjl j 4 L_flJaxll (j-a jail I t_ll jjl (_pa*J ^ Jjj La J^;; Ja4J Ajljjl t alia aj 

. ^-ajj^ll 

; (JJJjVI U^ 3 ^^ « ■ iaa-l JaJjll I^A (jSl 

xJaLoll (j-a (illj (JJJJJ US 4 til 1 0a. VI (jjl*^ ^ uilaj (jiajflJ LjLjaall (jjU -laJjll (jl — 1 

' 'P 4juala. (.llalall t_nSjSltj aUgJ JaJj jA j 

LaS (jAaJl (_g-JU-a JJ4 tillable tilliA (jjSll* (jl Liajl (j^ajL U ■ aijll (JJ4 JaJjll (jl — 2 

. ( 2) < ( 1 ) ^Ul J-aaJl AlUI £jll JjSj 



. 48 : o" 4jI j 6^ ' jfcl : (1) 
. 104 :o» ' t^ai»il c_uSjj3| Ajj^j Jj £ja.jJl « 1996 JjSfl yyilAyJI 1 1 : ^ 1 4iu.il 



23 



(3 <a > m j L-a ^^.jt-aJl eg ItoJl *5l jlLj 1J xjLiJ L-a ' . 1 jLa ^gJj -1-a.JJ J ^^jLaJl £-§ljjl 

p - (f) P ( jlJ ) ^lc j^i ^al jlS cr k tt i3! ,jji]| ^iL^Jl U "* %>Jl ^SISjL 

LgJ3 lll.i_aj jl j-£-aJ ' ^ *<<** aIIj-C 4xj^« j-a A^lj jJfc ^ Will LLallc jjl tdJ3 
j_aJ (j^a Jalill j JjA^J 4Jj^aJ jl (jlsul 4Jbl.lJ ^gJ jj-aJ J ' LjLjaljl (j-a 4 < "J A ^ * 

(2) P JUJI « LJajJl t r ULll 

Vj (^ La AjjJaaJl jjl c*UJ t jLa j!}Ha jLaj^La AjjJaaJl ^aj^i-a j (j£-a-ajl aJLtJI aj^LaS 

^^' (jLjjjo ^g.3 I g 1& J-J*J 4 \;* " 4_Laa. ^g.3 Aj£-a-a 4_*il j] j j ■ aJ jA j J.la-a j j ■ aJ 

' 'P 4 La a Aj£^a-a >3l jC. ^ Ajjij^La A-jLijJ JaJ^I j.J£! ^J ^^ J 

*JaLa]li tdllj j 4 LjaJl AjlSjJl JaJJjJ j^ 4 (J^a*-jj ^ ^ ' ^"J £} '\! ' ^ JaJJjja 
4_*ilj j j^a£]l (jljjJ (JJ-J (JjAJ j£-a-a aJlc ^ AS^lc Aa«jJ V 4jV ] Jj^ Jjp- (1 ) 
4_iajc (JajuoI ^g-lc <A\\<, jLajSJ 4j UjJjoiij j a5IjJIj Ltia^>*-a jl jjlC. ( j.«al-\l jLaa. 

A-alc. 

jjj_kl AJC Jafij-J V -13 j^ (j* cj^l*ilj JaJJjJ ^3 jJJ.laJLajl (J^axj] 4_iuiiLl3 

_LJaj| A-iniJJ j AjjLoC-I^)J (Jj ( L-Uiiai A-llV-i ^*J ^ JajljjJl JajjjJu jjl <_gl 

(J_J 4 L-lui a 9 xjLljll JJ_J CllLa^lsul «J_JajJ (_5-ic- J ■ a '"°'< V JaJj-Jl dlljJI jl (AJj 

. A^La^l JUiVI jJJ CJliM*Jl ^JajJ 

• i S a all 4_ilaAill dlllAA.VI J <— fl-alj<aJl ^g-lc 4 <jj- a^ll 4-ajLt-aJl Ja-aj j-a dll.i_a.j 

. P( * )(4) P Frames >VI 



. 52 : o» ' J^*-ll j o^l ' 4j ,j 6^ ' j^l : (2) 
. 53 : o» :<— *j ft^j* 1 ! ' J^l : (3) 

. ^ualiJl AJLUt ^ ^UkuaVI flSJJL jSSI iujjl . jUaVI f j$i« : ( " ) 

. 58 : o» ' o^l j^c '4j' j 6^ ' o"l : (4) 



24 



CjIa^I j i Prototype ^ j " * *■ g-j > >*lj* j-* ■ Za 4_a^}*>J] aj laH jjfc jLLVI j 
A^LoljV' Sj^liJl jl !1a ^ 1» a j c 4_uabk pLjJajV 4— aJ^iLa Stereotype 4_nllii 

AJuilui j-a 4Jj£-a i Aaaj^La '—^■^ (J^u ^ A a-lalajl L_fijl*-a]l j-a PjjJ' c^- UjJ^^' 
(illij AjAJ (jl ■i-JJJ Jl u^-^i jl l^jLuo jLnuV' ^'jJ ^ A \;^ J . AJaJJ^all U ■ Salll j-a 

i Jp ^jjj La jLaiV jl a^j t-a u^j^" SA^' ^'3?*' 4jj^^ uj3^ (j* i^Loij Ajji 

; ^ASlI Jllall ^ tSlSi jfL ^ 
dil jLijaJb La^^-a l30^' U^ ' °^ c ' J* U^ J^^ 

jUaVI -i-i-aJ j i 4^aL*Jl Llia^tAJ JaJJJ-J (Jl ' . l a j 4 Laajai-La * IbIaJI IJA jjfLl ^'^* 

. l^ijxj Jill CjI^VI c> *>* 

4 aflj ^ aALulJ La-a j-LJLaajl Qil JaJ^I j& (JjjLuiJl *-lalLa]l ^ jUaVI JJ^ (jj 

JaJj_ll Ls -k jUlaj aJLa 4 aJ^LaII j at a ■ u ''V I 4a ■ a jl c*LlJ 4 <Latajgi j| j 4_Ljtj j 

4<\ \<~\ L_Llj*J ^^.a jj^L^ j-lb. \ «£ l£j j i jjJjjjjJa jjjjL*a-J£ La& Laj^La (J£.ull j 

P (2) P ULjaSlI j£ ^Lull 

4_J£ ^>J*J a! a I 'iaJ^pl dlljjLl AJC ^}JC ^.Ijjuo t5 iakb JaLlj jMk j-a JjllxJJ LjLJaflJll 

; ±-,ljJlfljjL 2- 2-2 U 

j^a (j ) JaJJjJ LaAJC j 4 tiJJj j-a J-^l jl o^-a^lj 4-b ZaJS (j-ajJl jj-^J -li 
(Jo»*iui*i AJJ j 4 ^-iLjJ^aSI jl 4 4_lLj|^)]| rdlaj a a I folic (j Uaj jl j-£-aJ 4 Ljl ■ b-Ajl 
g\K,^ Jl 114 jl Vj P (A) P V^ 1 4-^*1 yr^ ^ J-^*^ 1 J klall ^J llil jUc. 
AjjuoUaII <JjJaJ ^gJ ajALLill *jJJ j 4bLJa^il 4_lljljjll j^»^ ua-aul j^'< J -W 3 '^. 
4_Lij (JJLaJ ^gJb j 4jV-^-J^VI A£.ljS (J^a-*-j >^j2 (a-3 J ^IjJuiJl (Jj£joLj ^ a^-a JJ-^ 

P(3) P ^aljll cilljjjj 4 Ailll j±i ^LUu 

JdJ V ' 0j J-^J (S-^-C- (jl L>^ ' 4_lajljla J aaJl jl L-ajb ^ LlJ V JajljjJl -^J-^J jj 

; JajljJllI plj-JI ts-lc- U-^3 JaJj-Sl jj-3 jLiic-VI l-^-J J ' cJ-a^ll j^J -^^1 L r 1 ^' ls^" 

I&j^ j 4 jj^aS j 4(Jj^aj j tAdifuij (_J_liatJ ja 4 ^'aU'^ll al^iLuoVI (^1 



. 68 : o 3 ' 1990 ^ji^l ' 1 : ^ ' >^ cP^jj j' j ' £h$ Jj^?-* ' ^^« ^»*-« ' j^l : (1) 

. 87 : t>a ' JL»*"1I j o^l ' 4i ,J 6^ ' j^l : (2) 

£y* >Ja.Vl J*-alil jJaJI t^uillail ^jC ^j^luiVI t^j«Jl ^Ij^l <^ <-i^F ^ JtlkuaAil I j& AJbte ^jC ; (*) 

.97 ro 3 '^aJl 

.137 0^.2003 6^1:-^ 



25 



; ^gJj ajuollj JaJ^I till jjl (jl ~^ all 
AjjLaC-ljJ Jajl jj - _ A-llV-i -^'jj - 

; _j (jjLuj Jajl jj\\ ei& lJI^aI (jV 

AjjxUl ill I .la. VI (j£ tlAJBlaul ^^J^' - xjISjJI (JJJ dllS^lxJl ^tJjJajJ - 

; (J!u <Ui±uul lg-La c -^^h' <-lilj.il ~l laJLuilj xjISjJI qii AJ^lxll (J^uiTi 

tdjlj IxJJ j c tilli ( _ 5 lc J i aJ qa ; L_Sjjia]l J 4 ll£& jl I jj J i (jV 

; (_i <Lalc -laJjJl llllj.il (j-ajlaJj (j£-aJ J 

(jl t>^l (j* ' (jV .. j' ' j'jjI ! CS^JJJ^I (Jj^ajjl - 1 

(jl (j* (^^W ' (jl £* • S^>^' J 4-Lajqi V I <— Sjjiall - 2 

LJA (Ja c c*UJ 4_jc <-_!JjJ' ; tlllik-a jl L_a jja. jl Jlxil jl £.Lajudl i g-b ail i alia ^ _ 3 

t*ilj£ (jjull i aLu (lijl ; dljj^a]! AlAa JjOaS j ^lillll - 4 

4^aLoJ&l£ cAljLuJl Jajljj]! i alia aj ^jiJl j ^j*]! <_£.ll]£i]l jaaJl aJ&I ^5 j 
j_aij| L_u£ A£jJ _L&jJC. j ^ j'<t</»\l j c4_ljLaj\]| LJjjJall j C(Jj^ajll j ( J- afljU 

. f UiAVI liA A£XJl j 

4_ul£-a j ^LuUj JajjJi ^Jbj Jajl jjJl tiUH Uajj-j^ ^JaJ "cSLb jlA "jSS 
di JaJj-Jl llllj.il (jl 4_L^aLa, cJaLiijVI p jjub^a jA <_£AJl jjLaJllI (J a aJ JaLujVI J 
l_a.jj (jl (j-^-aJ Jajl JJ-jl t!lli (jl (^JJ J ' 4_lijl JJ j A^V-i Ajj^aLa. (ja jj£l IgJ (jj^J 
Ijjb c AjoliJ L_iLLail aiaj ^ j_a.VI ^ ' ""* * j J 4L_lLLaJl aiLsJ aiaj " lgjJa-«J (jl (_g-lc 
AjljIlUll Jajljj]! j AjUaJLujudll Jajljj]! (JJJ (jjjjiHl] ^ aJ jjLajJl 

I alu cdll-laVI -^JJ (^C- AaH*J JaJjll tlllj^V AjUaJLujoJl t ajl Sajjl (jl ' ; ' <j^ j 

. P( 1) P liL^I jl cUaJl P(A) P (jiu Jc. yjlJSlI L-ajUajll ?j Sj 



1 08 : Q* ' £»^l tWai^l ' ^UjaJl ^a ^lkyaJl 

. 129 : o* ' J^l J o^l ' 4j' j 6^ ' j^I : (1) 



26 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



: UPm UP U et-^M- 3- 2- 2 U 

"a^^kjn 4-Laa. <J_£ (J-Jjtj is-b- 4—ajta c ( -il JaaJj AjILjLujuo Ajj^aLa. *t a > " ''V I 
(jjjijj <_£aJ| JajljJllI jjV '-lajlj-^l (j-« ;»-&! J-& J 4 I&AjU j I gijj cs - ^ A-LaaJl (Jjjl^J 

ata uuVl L-±jlja. (j-a UjLa. Vj cJ^J V t^jljuO 

; ^Ull *-IaLa]l ia.U iillj ^JjJajj] j 

Cliil£ A^] _ _ _ 4_ljUa]l ^gJj C-Uiila aj' ta'jajjLa Adlc Cllj j (jb Ifrfraj Cllij j j tlfrUUiS 
aJ Lgil Vj <&£ j-l^a 6J fa all j 2^^ *^jW ^'*°'^' ,/ ' CllJl£ j 4-ljJ'jJ' (^ eJ-La-a IfrHljia 

. P(1) P«... lUJI^^Ij^ 

. (Jb = JjJj jjlK ; A-L^aa mil A-ijIlil jA JjVl J ^ a\\ - 1 
jl jjjaJ Sijill jl t*lJj .. J£J| - f. j^aJI c^LuJVI J j.;--^ 1 A^Lk _ 2 

_l& jit j L_£i£-«Jl (jx U ja. AljUaJl j ti _u^ajl Qjtt U ja. cjj^j" 

jj-£j" (jl xdij 4 _ _ J*-"»-3 ' '"'£?'^ ' Cjiajl ; ULiJaJul j (J-aaJl cJJ^-*- 3 ' - 3 

) aa mla aJaLajl jJ ■ aJ ^^la. »UaJ ^ AJaJJ^a AJljlaJl <J-aaJl 

J|j_xll 4_jj\j3&VI AjjjuaJl A_lUJl ^IjJal ^^Jc I i '- j alajai iVI aj_L _ 4 

.illl.la.VI jt-ljaJ UlJajx-a <_$! ; oLiJajLajl 

U Ja 3 JJ-J CJl_a!ilxJl ^jJajJ A_jV ' ^ ««' aLa ui jl jJb (JjLulJI aLajutiVI jj 

AjuULa 



-j . Ja t ^^Jjxil ^1-SjJI JSj^ii) i uUaaJl ala^mJI ,Jj Jiia . (_>aJil CiLJUui . ^UaaJl ,U-t<\ . jlaJI. JjluiiVI 

.5 :o->' 1999*1-^11^1 

. 150^) 143 : O 3 ' ^ ^2ll jlalU! j I JA jJal^l Jjlau jJaJI t JUJI j q*J1\ t 4jIj ^li : (1) 



27 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



aJLxJl ^gJ (J^jl laJjl j!>Lk j-a J-^i Jl 'U.fU' ^ Ajj^aj]! '"v^j^ ail JajljJ - 1 

4j£la 4 (j£ c p. ja. ; JlLa eJAa-a <_£ jil AJ&lc. (J^la. jx jl 4-Laj ail jC j\ AjoiSJ 

P(1) p ( ... t jiix t jUj ) i&mto ^ij*Ji .kjijj _ 3 

i> <Oi 4 j^l ^ cU^Jl jaj CJliM*Jl jx. » tA£H jL^VL? jl£ 111 <j£l 

JajljllLj j 4 J aaJl CjLxjtjlj ?.Laj£VI a.l£. J 44 Ag a (_£j_kl SjJai aAJJjl j <^'l 

. Macrostructures 

; ^j^ulf isj-^l *yUf. 4- 2- 2 U 

a_cl (_gjluLX ^g-lj 4 AaaJl *Ja1 Jxll (Jj^'* (_gjluLx jx (J-llaJul (JJLUJ U' U^V. 
jJb J-ajJl p jjJajx j c AiaLuill <_£ jj£]| CllUiJl (_£jloix jA 4 LaJaJ j LlUji (Jxxul j 
<_£Ajl (C jJaill aj go. alt j 4 Theme A "f^ j' 4x. jjJajxJb AllxjuiJ ^g-lc ^tlla ■ al La 
OAA J a-\*1 j _ *■ 'P <_£ jj£]| 4_liJl a j g 9 a j_& (JxLulJl ^ i» ail llA i ' a ■ ^-j^ aOi 



lUJ_l 



jL^ajal j jjuoJ (-1 p jxiajx jailjj 4 jajlj AJaLuill <UV>^I SjjiVI 

<_£ J-J^ll A_mil a j g a ^ jli aj jx j 4 blj^ai jx LuoLuol £)j£jJ ^^i (^ J* ■ all AjJjJl (jfc 
Ls-* ^- > -^ 3 ^ ^-^' cs-^J ^^W ^ ." ' " J 'A-alc 4-xJila ClllJ A^ j;l-aJ J^i 4 ^^udj aj^La 

. P(3) P jit < ^i > ^jloLa 



. 72 : o» ' o^l ^ ' 4i ( J 6^ ' j^l : (1 ) 

^La t jJl JaJl c 1 1 : £ i 4jJ^I j Aiill AJaya i qaLJI aJc j dj|j £)li t SiJJjJ jJtill AjC <■ jJaJl : (2) 

.23:o-'1997 



75 : <j*a i (jAJil aJc 4 4i ,J 6^ ' j^JI : (3) 



28 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



U-^V. J ' J-*A J- 3 - 2 cs-2 ^^ UJ-^' V Ai c^>aJ ^ <_£j^l 4_mil jl c^l 

L<a jl i ^)l^j_aJI p j ' ia j a jl V ( . l) JaaJI p j > iaj^a jl c (j^aJJl p j > a j a ^jA La 

.13 j itdji (J^alll Ae^ajJa^o-a jl A-aJJ a^ii (JU JljjjoJl IJA (jc AjLa>VI (j^V. J 

,' * a ^ ■ all ^ 4-k^aLk c <_£ji£]l AjJjJI qa \*j^. jjljjxll jjj%. 

Jl c<_£j_j£]I A_iJjVI (j£ J W^ ^ijr^ U^*J -lc-lj3 ^gJ] (_g j» ■ all AjajVI ^Liau 
(JjuoMjoiJ AiaJJ^a I jl ■ a 3 <jx (Jjuo!>Ijuo IfrL ajj (j£juoJJ A-JjjJaS aJV-^ AjiAj c3^*"V. J^l 
^gjj Ljl LJaJ (j-a AJuilu) (Jljj Ls _^i cCJMa'Lj JcljSil ija Ua\\\ IJlA ^^ic (jilaJ 'lSJ^' 
f OjJjoiij j (J-oil! CllLajlx-a ~.:^"'. t ^jSJ J ) ' P c£^>^' ^5^-^ AJuilu) 

AJ CllljL^aJiaJ Ijx^L j\ Cjj^alll dlLaJJ IjJaJiLaiJ (jl Ailjl jx^atluLa g-ilaluU 

; ^gj <_£j_j£]I AcljSlI oAA (J-laJJ j C(_^j_j£Jl icIjSjl ^gJb A_i3j£ A£.lj3 ^g-lc lf.LJJ 

. p(2) p ^l^vi j\ L-ifJw ( ^JJai t jLp.vi < cj.^Ji 

^IC. Ljl .Ua\l ^ 4 xjLtLall Ljl Jalll ^ aL*Jl ^1 (j-aLaJl (j-a L_aiaJl j^ SaJ ) 

( (J^UaVI ; flJ<ft»*Jll j 4 rtg ,a 

JaJJjJ j (J-aill ^ L5jJ« j& La j (Jj^J J& La jj-aJ <_£^>A]l ^cljSjli (ilJaJ j 

.13 (j£j Cjj^alll CIiLaU aJbl Jja. f-ljSlI (JJSJJ cA^VI L>° j£^' L5^ J J^ 3 ^' rj3° / \ < 

L_Lalj-a j 4*1 jl j cL_ajL«-a Sjlia <j£ ^ (_£jts u^J cjV l^aJ <t-« (_>«aj Jj^. (jjiliaj 

. P(3) P LJl^Al j t^ j cCJLaLalAl j 

(j-alU ^-SjJ3 aA£. j t^alui^aJI jl [^jlSlI (J*i Jj ^gi t*113 J^JaJ i^jlkjLaJjudll ^V^l 

_A*JalLa ikjJ j cAjUJu xa^J A^ A^ ^1 jSjSJ 



29 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



. 77 : oa ' <j^l £»^ ' J^l : (1 ) 

81 - 80 : o» t *-iJ ja.>»il » jlU! : (2) 

. 94 : o 3 ' <u - is £?>j*1I ' j^I : (3) 



; ^JjlJJll tfjluuJL 3- 2 U 

*iaLLa]l j 'J aaJl (JJ-J dlta^lxJl 4-a.jl \; w V «aui Jfl ^V^l (Jjlouill ab La 
4_1iaC SjJaJ J^Lv ^j-a CjJjLjjuJl j (j-aijl (JJJ dllfl^lxJl ^j-IIjuo ^jljjJl (_gjluLaJI (jli 
(j-saiJl (JJ_J Jajl jJllI 4_juoI jAj (-JjliJljl (_gjluL^a]| ajJL ' - 1 -la j 4_>^aLa, ^JLjulJI 4_ lb] 
o^_& (J£juLj ij ; 7-^* , - ft j-^-J cs - ^" ^- ^ -WLh c£^-^ ^ \1 ■ ^. '< V I lj_3ja]I j_>^aljr. j 

_ (JjLujij! L«-a jj^aLuul 

Jajjjj* 4_alii-a dlLj^aJ (ilLJA (J_J ((JJUjolII (jx. aAaj (jl (j-£-aJ AJaJjoiJ 4_jL»J Aa.jJ V 

.Ajc.1 aHa-VI j cA^jljJjlJVI j cAjjiill lg-La ^^Jxu ;»jl*J 

L_ij_xJ L-a jJb j c j-lkV' (a-i ^ "* a a t4 .liljlajl dll.i_a.jJl (CI c laJ a aJl j_& (jLu-uJl 
l_}C.L__al L__j_i jju__J <_-__l 4_lC.La_a.VI JajjJ-i-Jl L___J1 jA JgLl___l _ 1*1]! {jLlu-JLl 

-( __C.La_a.VI (jLlju-il (CI cLjL__ L_j-a j 

(-SiLaJl j (ji*JJ dl_ll_»_a ; L___jaJ| (_jLl__) J ' ( aLLaJl ) ^-S-jaJI JjLljulJl L_«ajl Jl_Ll j 

_ p ( 1 )p4_i___. j li___i L_i_lj-a Jj__ <_l£_LaJl j 

-aJ a all (j_« J-Ur_i_a £ j_> 4_j| <_--& "(jj_Uj " j " jJjJ__i "ASjC ___ LJjl__ (jLluul Lai 
(J^jjajj LajI tS.___l j 4_xi_ La a lj_«l (_}_iJ _____ j£_ cLa 4___aJ ___ La _j_j ___j*__ll 
(_-___■ J-— -a a _j_a __&Qa_l 4 jlklajl dLa l___ll (j^a (_$Llju__l (J___L_J .(Jj-_ J_j] Vj- 

. p(2) p 4_J___I JljaVl JjAj ?LL_]I ^Ij-iJ J Sf jx-j__l _JjU-_i__ 

LgJ_jJ _—_Jl L_fl_1___j]Ll Lliij LlaLujI JaJJjJ ^^Jul tClllsLluiJl plj-JI CllJAjU LJA (j^a 

(jLljaaJl j c^gjoiiill (JLujiJI j c ^g-a^a-all (jLlulJI j c^jIaJiII (JLuiiJl (ilLi^i ; (j^aiJl 

4juoIjJ (^g-lc 4_iiLa£l^}j]| (Jj^uil j c^jC.Lala.VI ^Ljjudll j ij-llSjjl ^Ljjudll j t ^^Ij^V' 

(J-aJil (J^iaJ i^k Lt-a j jLJj Ljjl La£ (j-ojll A-* LjjU&le ^ CllULljaJl o^A 



30 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



(1) : Dictionnaire de Linguistique, Jean Dulois. 

87 o» J ' 77 a* <■ fj^l 4JjIjjJI ijk&j* Sa. i Jjjjj d\ <. Jal\ :(2) 



; jl^JI j g^uJl _ 1-3-2 U 

LJlAAl aJbl (jll (ilia] (jjLuJl AJjlx-a (jjj 4 (J-aJjl ^-SjUaj (JC L_fljuj£jl (j£-aJ V 

A_a.jl 3^ a - 3 ' L5' ' (jjLoJl (J^-a. (J- '"^ JjJalaJl JajljJJ 1 Ll£ (JJ-JJ (jl J& AjliLaC-l^ull 

ajV^jI jLa-a cj^-^^ 3 ?i j-^-V. ^° °^-* -^j-^ ^-^j' tin 4 j c3Lo»Jl j o^ail' cly-j -^j-j' 

aKj all ; ^g-A j ^ jL a J V I (jLliii-il CllLjj£-a ^gJj J .taj Clllj_n*J ^gJfc j t AjaLuiJl 

* 'P AjI Ail£-a j (JjjIaLaJl ^a j j I *-aLdjl j 

.(j-ajJl U-Jj^ cs - ^ J"^ JJ" 1 ^ <*J-^' W-^ t^jLlmJl CjLj£-a a_&l (J^a oAA AjU 

4 St-llii a_J La ^aJD ^gJLoiAll (JJjLul ^gJj ( abJa j I j^al (JjiJ-J ^jldlJl (J-JjUj! » j 

"(j\ i\ gic. jJxaJI AjjJaill (J_ia La IAaJ ^Luill (_^Jjllll ^ 4_ijLkaJl ClLal jlLuoVI J 

. p (2) p « AJJii fSUjc V-^ V j cjja La" Aj-iaul liLi JaoS Ajljloil! 

La ^L^ j o-^jJl j^ aJjI^I CJli^UJl j caJV^I cjltaJ! cSili j*j Ji^i 
^L^ ^ cUaJl Jjki J^Lk t> jaJj djloaA£ . ( AjjIj^VI ) AjjI/VI jUiVL ^a^j 

jLxlVl ' '" lla * jli liA (JA . P(3) P L&JJ& J ... J-aVl J <^jll J t^ajH£ fjXa 

A-ic.1 a\-s I jL*il j <A_£ljj] jL*il j t Aj>n aj A_LaM£ jL*il jj-i £ jj_U A_LaM£ll 

_ Uj-uiiJ dlSLmll jo*j (ilij j-uij .Ajatais JUil j 

A_liLl£ j iA_LjU j 'j^' Si a_$i A_l<Ll5Lj aJ gj (J-ajJl CjLjLjlJ lllaJ ■ ^ l^liJ £ 
(j-alll LLja_a JJ_J (-SLlall JaJJ-J < '"j ^ J tOj^lUl ^gJ Ajju^aj]! CjLajLt-a]l jjl jlkl 
l&j^ j 4 (j-ajJl ^ AjiUi!u! j AjaJjUil j AjC.Lua.VI Aj*jJajjl jjjL" j 

;( 'a.'X'i jj| JjLaJ (Jj c (ilJj ^Lbjlj (J-aill tllLjLuiJ t5 iS£j V J 

? JlxiVI j diLc.^)il p.Lu ^gJj (j-aill t^JjJ ' ' a .;^ 



31 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



.136-135: o-'o^l^ ' ^ ,J ^ ' J® : ) 

99 : o» ' fdtfl! aJjIj^I « j!^>» 41* Jjjjj 6' : (2) 

. 1 37 : oa ' u-aill ft t djl j &li i jkSI : (3) 



32 



a_lc j-a ^1J^ £ j-?" J t^^cl fl^VI 4_xlil a_lc j C^gjuiiill AjlIII a_lc AjU (jl ' -laU Ajli 

. P(1) P AjjUcIjJI {yuJa ^Ul^VI flc J 'O^ 1 

ojjjuiij* j 4_£ljjj j (j-ajJl a_gi ^gJ ^1J^ JJ-^ ^j? J^J^j'"^ 4-"'j^' fj*3 J 

a^ilL£ 0.1S* all L_ajUajll jLa-a AjLj ale Aa.jj cAj^Ij^V' ^.!? J^J^.!'"^ (J-? -0 ' '" ' a J.! 
. P(2) P UjJC. j c^UIx.VI J t-k^dl j t<KLll cU J tJs^CSl J ipM J 

Ajjudijll CjULtt*Jl pdlaJJ (jk 4j£±*\\ j^j- aill jjJ A^jljJjuojaj^Jjudll djj2»a]l J^jj j 

AjUIjJ j c4_^ jl t J^LS! s L33] jl ^LS3 . P(3) P j Jifll j J ±£211 j ^IjjVLS 

jl '^l"» " j\ I jJjJjLS 4 jaUUll 4 LaJlA ^A^jljJjoi—iaj Ajjoi_iJ (J_^alj*J *jJa -^ 
.AjJjU jl Cjj^aill L_ll*jluol OJC ^LjJalj JJJU <— lli ^ ;;■ aft ClAjljJai tal 

<_£j_kl 4_|£lj.il CliLiLwu (J-i*l| cJ— J '4 / '^°. < -l 3 -^ l3-^*-V. ^ (J^-^ l_iI*j1juoI jj 

.AJLLai}! L_ajlx>Jl j (j-aijl CllLajlx-a jjlJ Jajlj^ll jjJ JJJJ U& j 

jj-saill L_)txluil <Jj3 dlljJaa. j CllljLoLa tillJA j£j 



. 1 1 4 : oa ' J^l t>j^l ' j£j! : (1 ) 
. 257 : oa < a— is jajaII t jlajl : (2) 

1994 »j&Uil • 2.-M 'AJa^jli 5_uL4 '^f j'j.."".'*" lh^i ^ ' J- 4 ^ -'^-'' v^j^l ^ ' j^l : (3) 

. 235 : o- 



33 



^i SjjLala dllo^j J jc ( _ 5 lc jjlS Ailil aAaJLuba Q) ^ <_gJjVI SjJaaJl ^^iaJJ 



CJl 



4juiij diijll ^gJ j dll jjk-a^U 4 lUi a OjjjL«a-J ( adajj-a ) 4_ilai] ejj_k-a (Jj-^Jj <^ 



J_LS_1 



l.l£A j '^j« > ail (JJ|Aa.jjI L_i]LS t5 -lc- pj% "^J-jIj Iaaa ^g iaJJ Adlc f.Uj j 

. p(1) p ^122 CJUijj^l jV 

4_j'j£|j L_fl_JajJ ^g-lc 4_jlUI aAaliii a AjJJ '''\;^; tl ■ a j) J aaJl j t4 lAaJl p. I j_aJ j 

^<^\l ^Lx^l jl (J^aaII ^gix^b SjfcaWl 4; u^.\l JaJj] 

; ^gA 4_ila& CIiUIac 0*j diLajLuaJl l_iL*JjuoI (jj£j J^V ^gi 

. ( ^>3l ) ^1 - 



^luia, 



ill 



t^ cL^iij J. -ill jjj c4_ilV^I CJLiM*Jl j t ^lx ^LjjaJll CJliM*Jl l-jUIjJ 

' 'P (_pa*JJ Lg-iJaJU Aiajljla 



262 : s ' o^l ^» ' 4i' j 6^ ' j^l : (1 ) 
. 263 : u- ' **-i2 ja^I « jliii : (2) 



34 



L_L_lajJ 4 illl adaJLui a £jV 'J^ 1 ' " L_ll*J_juoV J-^ JJ-^ Sj£li_Jl aj_aj'j 

jj^a (jbcjj t*ibJA j cA_x-a j^aJ ^g-ill J ■*?■ ^ *l j-^ J '"^ A ^ - g«> ALLjuo Cllt-ajLi-a 
A_liiil jjl Sa a.^b '"'\;^; c J-Jjiall <_£.l-ail Sj_£IJ j jj.>- a\l ^.l^ail Sj_£IJ ; Oj£lUl 
(j?j a ill JaJj-Jl dlLfl^lc ^LuLjV ' aj-^'^l '"' aJ JjJal oA^a ^g-^JJ b-a Sjbc A-liV^ll 

^A-ail cs _l& Aij*-ail *bni Jj t 3 Lail AlOlil j <ALLaiil ^gJU-aib ^V^il AhU^I j 
AilL jjSj .* p (1) P JjjUI ^oJl Sj£IJ ^ AjyA\ Sj£lil! Jjikj cSllil j .. ^uVl 
A_ijb 40 (j-Jj 30 Vj CJLajkJl L$ja t3 JLj V '"\:- <Sjj.ia* j^^I ^A-ail S^£IJ 

(_3-l*JJ <_5-3j! CJb-ajLuail A_ajj j < a^aJ jl c(J_jjJaJl <_£.l-ail Sj_£IJ ^gJj IAjju (JJHii 

.tijjSSl Adilll tf\ P(2) P L K^L J^ JjjUl ^l SjSlii 

A_lJJ dllj Clll-ajix-a i(J_Jjiaj| <_£.l-ail Sj^li ^g-3 frj-ail (jjJ^J -^ t ^-^ A--a J 
(^g-Sii (jl (j-^-aJ ba£ c( I jM 1c. L^aJ jl j^ ■'' A_JjiL Lai ^gijaJl laiaJl (J!La ) AdaJa-uo 

.AdJV^ l— lLajLi-a j^'ll (_£.lail Sj£I j ^gi jj-^S CJiJj] 

a^IjL (5i*IS V ^ j t2L*l*l! 2LSV^I SjSlii! (> by* j-LVl J^J" j 
L-Lalj^ll ^gJ jjj LgJ (J_j ciaiia L_ajOaj j jIjjI j 'j^^ uji j ljIjc-I j (jLljfl j 

illl.l_a.Vl J t< a §lj--ll (j-a au jd____J (____ aALu___ jLJaVI A__^>x-a £jV "* jC-l A '*^V^ 

.(jjjmjSl j <jL___ib jLA\ j <a_*l_-aif ^ J__Vl : --IB <_---& JH^ j .A_^La__*VI 

(j-aill jx£__ AJ_Jb A_La&l CJlJ A_Jj_aVI A__j*_ail jl b-_- iA-jijla -jl___j J-VaJ J-a I oJlA 

Ljajl 

(jl Ja_a.^b j 4(_£jjlUI L-lUu ui^U 4_l£ljjj Aj^laJ (_gJj ^biaJ AK (J-aJjl a^i j)j 
A_m]l (fil 'j^'< IJ aLsul j)j^- a all J-1J^ Jj-^a-a Mj J^Ajj (jl (j-^-aJ AJlIII a^alLui a 
Aja.j_JjajjA]l L-LJljaJb n* gj (jl J-J3 _(j-ajJl CJL-ajLt-aJ Vjl *** gj A_jV 'l5J-^' 
_<Uai lajoul AdLib aI^j LdSa (Cl 4(j^aiJl ^gi AdJJ^jlil jl tAjxaji ail jl cA;la.jijJjiil jl 

CJbaMxil ^gJ alaJJl ^gJ A-iiJl aAaliii ^ SjoIj (J ixlia cA_iLaa. dbubj adi Lai 
xdialaiJ f. j-ail (jl Ja_a.^b A_iV cl^juobala bkjj bl ■ 2aJill oAA (jdj JaJ^H bl ■ aSil (JJJ 
^J cbiiV^ J LjjaJ AJajljla CJJl£ UaK b^bul Sjbclj ccU^Jl j CjLaKJI Jaia. 

_JajljIiil j ab^ uuVI L_llc. IJI (iiij Ajifr L-Uu aJ ...(jda. 



Ol J S >SI j .^luiaJI CJLajJjuiii j^LlJI jj^Lj Jaii>i e>SI j /e jSllSl iaLaJi (>» 3 ilia - ^Ijj i ciLJA ; -(1 ) 

.1800 s t cr »j}j)Jnljil| (J-tiJll j»ifr 

www.Arches.ro/revue/n4/Comment peut on etre lecteur? : ^jjJSfi *Lii : (2) 



35 



j^Lk. jj_j 2^U;Jl cJliM*Jl ^IjJb 2^U;Jl 2 fctiW Sj£li5l aJ 3j j » 
^_u*Sl] JililVl %}*JL^ £*"4 <L£ ,1S| c> ^' \'M? ' 0) P « 4ll*la]l S^Ull 

4 .iLaC. ^g-lc JJj-J t5-^jl JajljJllI dlLS^lc (JjJiaJJ j .Lg-ia 4 jlkLajl JajljjJl ^Lajj j 

; ^gi I ■ aj| a^ill j j£J2Jl j ( SaiaJl 

. J££ IjLj^I j^ ^LuuVl ^Jl i^la^lc. -1 - 

; j!iLk (jx 4 y JaSlI j-L^alJf. (JjJJ >ilu]Uki]l dlli^lc -2- 

jA L_lLuiil ;cj^« ' AljUax 
6 1.1} L-Ajudll (JlLa 4 ^jjLuJall J^Lv (jx ;4_llL^j tillable 
oj£ij (_£jJxul L_lLuill ; A^.lj p^ajJajx ^gJj Jj*j ; 4-Ujxa a dilate 

.. jaLuo 
jiLuo <_£ jlnjjl ; 4_iJLa j dila^lc 

4jaiij ajbul jl 4-&ax]| AiljJul JajljJ \ Aj.iu.>^3 dllS^lc 

. P(2) P tfjjSSl SLluII ^l : fir. ^^Jaj-a -3- 

<_£j-j£ 4-b ia-iS p.lAJjl jLaJJ (j-a AjV 'j '—■»;; IgjJa-xJ CllLajLt-aJl JaJj (J^l (jx 
(j-a S^jSLajl tlllSiaJ! p.(Jx ^gJj AaLjaj 'Ljj^j I g ^-;j j 'UlV^ ^ » '^ <ft*n ^J^ 3 ^ S^c- j' 
; Ub jJjoij j dlLajixxJl ijli -iaJ^li dlljJaa. tilLlA (jl (CI 4 jUaVI A-ajlx-a jMa. 

4_xj1*jo]| 4_}ij (J£ju1jj a gill AJC j AIjLuo A-ajLt-aJ O-lJla. A-ajLt-a -laJj-J 4_}Ioj]| (jj^J' 

2UJI J*^ja cSj^IISI ^i Slu^jJl CJlajkJl jl j3i! Lai .a^V^I SjSKII ^ a^-^I 

4lui hull (_gjluLx t(jJa*JJ IgjJaJU 4_Lj|jla 4 alia a CllLjjluLx (j-a (jj-^JJ Ig^a Ajj^aill 
j_xVI <-jJlc Cs-3 LS"^ CS-^ <^LuoLaJ CjUa^lc. J^U. (j_* ^IjJj ^JSlI ^jjl^JH 
LlLJailLl 4 alxlail 4_il£j^Jl 4_iiul (_gjluba aJ Ul jjc IfrL ajj AajJjaJI 4_iiul (^gjlLiba j 

^PcjjjSll 

. 1 74 : u^ ' o^J^-JJ" 1 ^^ lh>^I ^ • J- 4 ^ &**>* *-iU jil jjc : (1 ) 
. 278 : u- ' U-21I ft 4j' j 6^ : j^l : (2) 
. 284 - 283 : o» '<*«^ e*>»M: j^l : (3) 



36 



jA j 'LjajJ AjUlIuiI j coj£jj j 4_lai». Jc jfijl (j^ailL »La!J&VI (jj 
JjJai o.1a CjIc jaJa j-alL SaaHa j La Ullc. Lu£] CLJSjll j Ajj^aajull *_a!>U^.Ll i flllaJ 
jUXl (jiUJ (j£l .< -llc-VI JJjLllI LluiiJl J tiljJJ C_llc.jjJaj-a (^ j ;Ujj£IJ J 
l_jLjl*-a]l (C) cS-iLall ^^ Jc LJfljJJ j^Jill S^Lafl 40j£lill f-LlJ J -ll^jll (J-aLtll 
Ig mjtaj »JC jl iCllLjlx-ajl (jajLaJ (jl La£ ttg alaU (j<aj £-a L\luilJJ <_£A«a j 

AjLuII CJliMt tSlljiS t ys*J| cjIjU^I ^^u J] AiLJaj Sjklil! *Lb JcjjJjj 

p ( 1 ).p lJ^i^vIjI 

(jl Ja^^Lj ' - <j^ J C(j^ai]l jJ-uiflJ A-lLa& J Ajj^akjJill Jj^l jfijfi '^"'^ 
(3i*JJ V j '(j-aill L_il*jluol f.Lul 4-ilV-^l di^Ljjaail (j-a .jjc. Jj laJj AJu\\ a^luLa 
<LLaj^Lall AjjjJI J Aj^IjJJ CliLLaxJ (Jj (AjjJJj jjc. j cAjjaJ AjKjji CjLLaxJ j-aVI 
Six-j jl cAiLJaVI jl LLjaall (j-a 4-LiLi L_aiaj* j£a ; LJiaJl jMk (j* Sj£lM} 

lJjjLjjI S-ilcj jl c<_£ja.I AjjJai (Ja-a AjjJaS (J^L^j jl LJJJjjJl 

4_lMk (j-a LulS <_£] (Cjilll dllaJl j$& ctiUJl OxJ AljiiaJ jljj (fiill LJ^Jl Lai 

4_3l (iJJj _I.IJ.I4J jl I^J^jJ (JjjJaiaJl (jj-^J -133 'U^*^ <— !^ jl c4JJx-a Aj^IjJJ <UL. 

.yv^i j ^jjjSjjIi 'Aja^-aii ^ilvi ji ejLjaj 

'"'j- a SI Sj_S j Lii ■ 2a j 4 «Jt_ljl pLijjl j A£.jjolJI ; Jg lajjl 4 ;°;^ (J^La. clH* J 

j J-JC-Jjl j .Icjl j frLvjill 4 P ( 2 )p __ \±Cj J lAj^J La 4_La^. dijl£ Ijj La JIaJ 
j'" 3J (_g-Jjl J^ ua-aul (jl J-JC- 'LiiJ La^lj^l I frjLaxJ ( a liaJi L& JJC. j 4 iigjll 
ajflj (jl 2-aLoJl (_gAxi 4?ejJalj ^gjLaC-ljJ JJjudSal J^J V 'V.J*^ Lla^. Aij^ajJ (Jjlalajl 
^gJxS <*-^ aS^I j Jclij L_flij-a Jj lilJj J laJlud-a 'Lwajl (jLuul (Jj^'<; j^VI J^ 
ja.1 jUaj J a£jL ^L\.j 4Jl Jc L jLaj J a^jL Lai cAjcLal^VI JaVL Luxluba j 

_ j-al Ail Jc 

-( _cLa!iavVI (jLuiij LaJala ^LLj (jiajflJ (J^aill (JiLaC.|jJj| jJjaiilll (jj 



.1 91 O* w^jb.""^^ o 4 ^' ^ c ' J 4 ^ i^n^rt i_iU jJl JjC . jJaJl ; (1 ) 

. 328 : s ' o^l (^ 4j' j 6^ ' j^l : (2) 



37 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



U.-^u+y/juj/- 2- 1- 3- 2 U 



lftjJa*J AJajljla A^ljla ClllAaAj j^ajlj (j^aLajJul tiSlJA jij iS^ljjj ^jC-j (jc 

.Lla.b UiajjJu Uajl jJ J <3JUj 

'•''^ aJb j J_clalLi (j_l*JJ i J_clij t*lL_JA jj S-j ^ la 4_l£ljjl Ja JJ-JJ c*]U& (j_£l 
(j-^-aJ tdJj j-C. ^LiJaJ j 44_ic.Lala.VI 4_±a.L_l _)_i Aja&I L$J _aj^__l e_& ( ^jj __-Jl 
jjjL*__I j _dj_!l SLcl^a ) LjjLlx„ jl Li.lC.ta (jJ-lj^-a Jajljlll j JaJ^I (jj%. (J' 
___j~]l __Jl ^__JLi l_J^a_ • (-C-I ala.l (_$L_ui _>C __J.la_l _>___ fc_J_l (( _}±j|ji_l j 

P(1) P ^U_>VI 

ji_ c^jJJll JxAilll j_a L__L_ !>l___ aju ^ill _jj__JI _Lti jx. JL1«_ j 

(JJ--J c4_icLala.l _)X._U S._a.j 4__La__li i4_bLa__l j _JJ___-I _jJ_l (jAl (Jjj^ <-lL~ 

_JJ._a_l Lai { C.I "'<?- I (jjLlJu_l OaLujI ___»_ j 'Ajjil d_l_a.l _>a 4j*juo1a <!___ qa 

{ > pJajl jllI j *jll_l _Jc LuoLuil ajflj >j - __ _J^>--1 jl '(C ji-J Al^aJ j£_ 

Jj_a.jJ j-^*^ ^ 5^La laJli c— ___lj <* .oLa all 4_iii j cC_J_-a_l 4_iii ^jj_j (jjj_lL_ 

^i jIjjVi oh -__J ^v^ -LA-i -__fte j cA^^li JuiVi -jLuL_ ^ a£^ 

^^ _Uil 4_a_i_ jl iQj&A LLj-S LlaM_ ^Ui jj_j iaa Axilla A^M£ JUii _*1 

4_*_j„ jl _J___U_I JjAJ c( ^-LajJl __J_L_VI J-JC ) t_JJ._a_l pjj-l jjL_S j 
;_>UJj_l jlaj £_aI>VI if& 'L^ljL j jlj-Vl J ^iU^Vi ^ Lil*_ lj±Sti JJJJ 4& 
_ V ^p _J_a_J jl jL«U oAa ^V J '*<^ (^1 cj^ J '(^ J 'c>* 

^U>JI jLLVIj <4_xLaV^I j^^ 2ujX« ^l>l ^ A^^£]l JUiVl uV 



355 o- c^^ 1 1*^ 1 J^ 1 : (1 ) 

. 357 : o» ' 4**^ £?>j^l ' j£i! : (2) 

. 394 : o» ' < *-iJ £»>»^l ' j^*I : (3) 

^jxil £l>iil 4jjc ^l!| _ ^Lla JLL> Jil _ ^LL»3| j»j4i« <>» Ufc ^UuJl jUaV' (*J-f^> ^J^i : (*) 



38 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



VlA^l\ J dj^Jl ^LK L_ajUij J^^i <4_K 2L±ui JLk jj-Sj ji IjV cSLfc ^1 

1_AjU uiVl ^g— lc JfrLuLJ L-a£ c ( A£.j_>Ja^a ) (j-aj_j| 4_^ aJJ aJ_flJ (_£j_j£]l 4_liJli 
4_Laa. (JjJaJl aJ ^gjj-i ij-$Jall JLxJ IJLC- *"" '* ' " 4 Laaul (jpaJl U^^ '^^J ^<--1 «'nI 

^.^gj^ cj^cj jSi cLal jlill AjIJ djijll ^gi ciuoa ^gjj (Jj 4 lala 

. ( ^l JUii J^U <> JkIS 

(jl (a-i-pJ J 4^M^ll jLail SjJ jL?-JJ rW-^ ^j^aLa. J A-alc JajjjJu fc£j\iA (j£j 

(jiuuiUJ I afrilj 4_aM*Jli c4_SV^I .- lc (JX. J-^a"< jl AjjIaC-IjJI t*iij <^*J V 

(Cji ia Jjl -_^j'^ ^\l ^gjj ^JajlLj c4_£iLaC.|jj]| JajjjuLlI (_g-lc 4£.jjJ3ja]| Jj-J^l (j-ic- 

. f M£]l J*i aja JUJV 

AjjJalll Jaj (jl «-lb ij cA_1Cj]| j XCjll ^g-3 -l-^JJ ^ tiJJ cs - ^ J^ *<& J 
aj_Lll j ' . ll Ix Si ^g.3 j t(JjS2iji all ^gJ (J-SIjjI (J*A}I cs^C- A^-<^l (j-^ (j^ ^Jc> J^*-"^l 
(JaiMm J J_3 l-Ub (j^a J-J^l tL_J lata^alj *y« lllj ^g-iJaL^I (J_*ill (_ g -lc. JaJ' aL^J'VI J 
(j-o tlllja (_g-ic 4_lV-^ ^ SalAil ^gjLx-all LJjj.^. j 4 j-iill aJ x S j 4(_^j_aj]l L_ii£jlll 

AjJI£ V j 'Ajjjj-^ U^ uV ^La^l ^aa ^-Ubu ^ jl j ^M£ll J*i SjS jW^j 

Aj.lLj L-a jLLUaJ j-iill aJ i U j i ( 4_J^>JaJl ") 4_JjJjSjjI 4_m£jli]| 4_ mil (jV (iJJJ j 

p ( 2 >p ^i juii ^ ji jujj ^ ^^j^i cjuiyi 

ol^*JJ <Jj 4 JaSa AjUaJLaJjuo (jl*-a (Jasj V ^}J^ Cllljjl (jli (Jj*>\ ojilx.1 j 

*AJ ^glll dllSLluul c_i^lja\,lj dilj^VI ^JjUaj i allaJla 'LjaJl AjjLa£.l^}J (jlx-a ^gJl 



39 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



267 : oa ' Jb*-Jl j o^l ' 4j ( J 6^ ' j^l : ( 1 ) 
. 271 : o-a < ^-iJ ja^I ' j3a2! : ( 2) 



^jljj jj^>J lg-J (jj^J A '°.:'°^ -^^ (Ja^jI JajoijJJ ^3 i^Xa i^llj (J^.1 jj^a %>\^i\k 
< aJaxJ LuoLuol j ala J ^^i jljil -^O^ *»\^ Lai .AjjJ-uiflJ Aiilaj l$J (jj^J -iS j 
ei& ^ j c aJV^ ^Jajlj ^*?.! La-a <J^?Jl (j;}J 4-LjudjlLa ^^JU La Lute j ( (iL^jouJl 
4_jL*Jl j 4_ljLaj]l LJJJjjJl L_ljjjJa (CjljJ A-li ZaSlI 4-iJJjJ (jj%. U' LT*^! J'j^VI 

;iiiVI ^Vl aIllL. La£ .dJl^bU ^LiL^ll j! 



ajqiiuba 



Jl ^ A^.jJ j i CjjLa. ^ jlu L_ni al jSi — 3 



4_^jJl j^ (-mi j Lgjlc JjSj^JI cjLi^VI uV » jUL^I ^Ij^J* V 6 -5 : J 

. p(1) p LJjUlall e_iiij23! tSlSi ^ SLLala AjLj^! 



-(_) 



40 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



.282.0 *(JLhJI j o^I <4j' j 6^ 'jlM :(1) 



4_Jl tdij 4 <_£j_j£ll 4jjLaC.I^>ill CjUiJb <_£jj£il AjUaJLujudll CllUiJl -kjj cj^j 
ijj-^J (jl^ ' ^g-1^ ^g-a!^ (J-*i jLLj J^la, qa <Lala uul j ( _l1 kail (JjLuijI ^jjxj (j^V. 

.laJj ^g-a!^ (Jxi jW^j is ' ^'"°.! ^-^ ^ *?■ uila Ijlja. ( -it kail 

L_nlLuol JJlo ^ alia all L-ll kail JaLoJl _>J^ (J^j^VI Aa.1 jli t 4 LSail ^ j 

. p(1) p oalj J£ c5-°^ <J*i jj*j A-iJllJ Jc. ^jSj jlg^VI ujja j ' «0^1 

Mi. Jl> jl c_ilL ^ J*i jj% jl£ i {£*u* fokli ^ ^JIjjj p&ll jUil jl tSlli 
Jjii rt-?J Ia jjAj iiaj 4-ilkjLujaiJl (_g j-jSJI ^ jy^ jl La£ <■ j^aJ ;»X£ ci*^ I \;g -** 

. cUL^I ^l 

^ 4 4_l£ L_l1 kail t aM-SJl J*i Sjfl jc ji*J ^^1 t ^LiKil jLajyi LJjjjJa ^U'n j 
; 4_}lgill ^g-3 jl 3Ll<ia Ls-uaJ jiSj jiJLSl L-Sjuai \ Lilj3£ c 4 lit g j jl ( A kail 4_jl-lJ 

(2) P .. J&j IJAjl 

JJJ Luj j ( kSfl ciJJ^I <--lLlij]l j (_Uail (jjJJ Jajljjll j CjUJMxll jj^J V 
^Lial j cAdaall jjAxia* g^a-i V -^ t*lb (JjUac cl^ai! killj oja^iall JUiVI 
j£-oJ Ldjj j tL-il kail jjIjuiJ AjlkjLaJjuil 4_lJill -kjj (_gij '^"'^ j& du& j-a a^juil 
t-x ala all ( fll SUll L-1J ■ ttj t< -llkll ^LaiV L-JjjjjJa UajjJu Ajalll (J*i jj^J jl 

_ P ( 3 >p (jKU all Ubj L_bo£ Jft <_M J 



, 323 : o» ' Jj^I t>j*ll jlUI . (1) 
325 : o» < 4-fc ja^I . jlui : (2) 
. 326 : o ' <u - is i^j^l ' j&l :(3) 



41 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 






<_£j_kVI CliUjUn <ail ^gJj oIAjUJ <J_J i^V-i-jl (_gjnn all JjAa. AJC L_ifljJJ V aLajudJVI 

^jljjJl j c^V-^l J ' ^"^- all j 

<_£ji.VI CllLijluLall 
4 SjSa ^g.3 I gJ-lJ J- aijl jjjJ 4 Cllbjlui-aJl (j£ l).!^'' ^C »jL| (J^aill ale (jj 



42 



g^Kdlt-gt^kWH 



28 : O^ • *r 1 '^aJl alAuul ^J) i}L±a . (jaJl\ CJbJLuii . ^Uai, .l4a_a ; dJj ^jj LaS ; ( 1 ) 



43 



#* #* #* £ ^ #* 

^Ujji^jjilj ^LuijAaJI j <U£jj^»j ^I^jVI *Luij1aJ| 



^U> j^UI j >SM -5 
^lkuu,VI ^Pjl! V**! -6 



/smmk-ffikm 



: JjSjj^/jhJy/ Jufjj^J/ jjf* &aU 



.(iliii LxJJ IgjLaJ) 2^HJ JjJajJ tl ■ iajU IfrjiiaxJ (ja liaj* > uj* 
jMjk j^a (JjljiutJjujJl J.* 4_|Iaj tljjJaJ j IjlAJjl aiaJl lift L_aj_C *J <(1 952) 

PETOFI ET REISER j-yl j j '<A& j '(1 977 ) DRESSLER jj^LP ^J4^ 

cjU-Ijj cj^^i s^l 6 iA ^ j .^Ajjfc j (1975) plett ^A?j (1973) 
4_i ^j di^ c(1 971 ) jajL j^L^Jl - Cohesion ^.j^VI 4-illl cs-a J^VI 

J naJ LaJ LoJ&l La£jl 4_uabk t(Jjiaajl j 4<_£jjA! oXjia. LSlil 4-J La-la la-fri* (jLuLUl 
^g-3 JjIAjj CJAa.1 ^g-lil tjt , U all ^J^ L& jJC. j tj aaJl ^JJ_J CllLa!i\j«Jljj L^aJ (J-alll 

<— ajL»-ajl j ajLul (ja Ia jjc. (jx liaj* > uj j 4*joiiJ J ^jj^aill CjLuoIjaII 

JjaJI ^gJ ( _il LaJl cl^ilaj Iaj 4(jjLjijjLajjl 4_jIaj j i "^ > ;\; , *. Ul ' j! j^'j' •^-i* j 

_AjjjjjVI j AjjudJjill CjLuoIjaII 4l9jc Lac ( alia ^ (J£jJ1j jjVv. S3-^L>*L?^"^ 

SIjj Cil^j (d kaJl AjA*j JU^ ^ y-JjjjVl ^Vl djl>ill Hn.nl AJii 

cjbjiiil! t> ^kj jI£j tSllU » £l>a t> j UalS LgiU <^jJjkjVI cjLJjaII 

(j-alll a_lc jLa-a ^gJ CiiLSi AjU AjfLj^al jlaJV' 4juojAa]| jJjJaJ ^C JcLui j 

jj^a aL^Jl j 4(3^1^x11 l—liLaJl (_p-aJ 4_lV-^' CliaJj^al j iAJV-^Lj J > aJJ aUaJ Qc. oj\jc 
AjU toAAla]! CjLjVjil (ji 4-Jj*iSl AjuojaJI ^LC j ^^majjua ^Jbual j4 P(1) P Aiill 

AjjJJJjI 4juojAa]| j Aj^jiuJl AjuojAaII oAaJ 



.26:o-<1999 



42 



/smmk-^tkm 



LuiiUj* LJjjU La£ iaJLxJl p.LaJI i a Ida a ^gJ LaAAJ (J-ajJl a_lc <Jjj_aJ L_a^)*J 
■Ublx-aJ 4_>.aLa» io-l^ILajl dll_jV J^^-J ' ; )1 aa Si J .llaJ <Jt-a-a ^g-3 4 ajJafc dlLalg-uil j 
^gJ (jiiiial a_lc aLuifll ^ j^j- aijl 4£.Llx^a] 4juoI jj liSUA (jl La£ cAjjLoiill dlLuil jail 

_LlJjjiLl]l£j t^jaJULii j j jlj^]j£ dlUL^ata (JlLa CllLoijudj^a 

(jiiLui£j (J— La CAjuaV^, j cl&la-aJ aLud-Sl ^ CIiLjuoIjJ lillJA Ls ty\ L-U-ulaJl ale ^ j 

( *" 15a a (_JJ J j-^lj *"" ^j"< S (jl ,i_ £jJ 1 aa _ *■ 'P ^j" IaJl (_^j_l j c j_1JjjjJ j 

CllLjuolj^ll 4_la.^a ^gjj j_jJaUj| 4_la.^a jjLaJ Ai 'j' a «Jl llA ^g-3 ' " it ■ at ■ a Ha V I 

4_u I AiaI I o i4 ilnJalSl 

Cll_a.L]l ^ j^jj J . '^ 4_jj0j.La]l ^g—S (J-alJl a Lu (jj_^a!ig-a]l jj— jl U-*J J 

4^aUj iliJyi ROBERT DE BEQUGRQNDE "^L>^? c£ J ^>fjj "^J-Vl 

p!iLlaVI U-^V. (J" 4 *^ CjLJLulI ^gJ A^aajgiLa 4_J^)JaJ aAAJ (jl pUalLuol <_£AJl il^Jjjla 
f.lj a-VI J t_-sl U 4 \l j ^j^a ill ; 4 jt-J_£ /g-i 1 g_J_Jlj_a. (_pa *J ^ <"- 

lJJ&JI j^» ^j-i-ll jLSj .1 980 : A ^ Ji j^-a c^l-Text discourse and process 

VOj j^jilaJ ^g-lj iajAILoSI ^j t *a-^jll (j* AjI^J tAJIJa a Ljljj (j-a (J-ajJl ^l J^aijl 
SjliljaiVI A^aj C(_£j_kVI /g ' a lil ^UjVI JJ*^ 3 J < J^" ^-'^j 4fbla all ^gic 4juoIj^]| 

. p( %> cjuaii ^*j j c^j^i fist *]*ji ha j> 

1 fl^JaJl ijj-aiil a 1c Jl a-a ^gJ dljjJaJ 4jfLj^al jlajVl 4juojA-a]l [jl agnail 

Generative- Generatif l£-^j^ &Wj*VI - 1 - 
Structuraliste - <£j±blUla3VI - 2- 

O^jLuul AjalijJ j ( j- a*Jl rj^j IjJlj '^>^>l ^^'^ CllAajl (jl tluJ La aJ 

,(Jjl i at ■ ala.VI JAxla Laic (J^alll alc> ?tf> a^ 

L-alc g±> a J J_J Caj-lxll (j^a L& jJC. (j_C 4_1 j*_La J-JC- '"^j'^ ui ill ?&f> a Jj 

Aiiil (jLaxluil dlUl^a.jj jj£l algla cjL-aJ'VI j L_lUaai] Ljjja-a 



.69:o"1998»>^l 

. ( (^j^ 1 ^^ ) . 6 : o* ' ***»J J^j^I j^ 1 : (2) 



43 



/smmk-^tkm 



a£!j-j ji '£-^-2 Jll ^;- all jl 4dil^^a!iU (^'j- 3 ' (If- '^jW^ ^' lh 3 ^' j-^3 -^ 

J_xi L-a£ tjj^ajJl ^gj la all j tj aill ^jj_j J- ^ all ^^a-juo j-o lilLlA c*llij -LS JL*-all 

.Iajj^s j&\ ^IjSJI J*^ Jl 11a ^jIj *(1 957) < i? lui-«y>j (1 952) o^M 

Sequential connectivity- Sequence connective J-^j^ <S j u " «" s-ul£ll j^=S ^ c> 

^alj j Conceptual connectivity - Sequence Conceptuelle yr*j-S-^ Jajlj-Sll j 

^^j £aA\ JajljJill j t J . >-.j\l JajljJll llA jjJ-J J_clilill ^g-3 laj kaall dll*lj_^j 

jj^tt j c4_ia -LjI jJllI jx. < iuL^ll J^La. j-a (jj-^J (J-aill (_J_lia-J £jli liA j-a 

; 2bW! jj*Vl J^ 

J.^3 jl I Jajljjll ; j^ ill -1 

^j$LA\ J»jl j2ll : 2UY.il! -2 
(j^Sb Jllall y^lc)^! jc-i - UU - - jL«cl i^jl^ll -3 
j;ic. (jj£3 jS cA-iJLudlll cliLuiaLLdil AjAilSlill SjjA-all [jl aJ|ja.jj <_cj l£J^ 

Jj*illl Jl A^UlAl AaJj Uiu cA.uialjjaVI A-Jil'VI CjLSifllia L_iltkal 

J Aj-aUk cjUi flki j-aill jl (iilj Jx-aj . ( ^Actualisation -Realisation 

t*llJS (Jajuo (jfr i Li&llj dlllAaJl (J-aill aIc A%Jj .(JjA-aj2ll j ^HJVI J.!^ 1 "' 

.4jai&1I cjUlUllI 4ltf3al jail! j*Vlj*j 



86-85 : o» « <jM—ll fcK)* 1 ' ' j&l : ( 1 ) 
97 : os t <u*ij jajaII t jkSl : ( 2) 



44 



/smmk-^tkm 



45 



; ls jU La J^U. (j* aMuuoW Jj jjijll ^ JjojJI ^ jj (ilioi 

Jajlj 111- ^A^jll JajljSlI - 

alLc >7 JLaJ ^.Lij 4 la uiljj JajljJllI ^g-lc JaLAaJl 

4_La^C^| 4_uiaa L_alxi£luol 
LuJ 4_La!il£.j (jjj 4i^>x-all (JgjSaJJl Jajl jjll (JjLuoj - 
• ^ , gj]l CjLlLaC aCAJ" ^gJlll <_£j_j£]l CjLjL^ll - 

J Frames J la VI jJ * (j jJ0 

CJlijxJlpians JaJaaJl j Shemes^c jjA-all 



pi ' AM 



a (jj^J J' 4_Jjajll 4_iV^ll ! tf ' tJ -j" -lajl^pll Z'jjJajA (jjfLl ' - ^ J 

j-a_ui (JJJ (Jx-lij ill 1.1a. j aJjudAill life (j^a 1 alllj. j-lV-llI j-aill ^g-aj^lall Jajljjll 

i kij^aJl CjLuiaJLa j-C j a ill AjUJ 4_jV 44-LaaJl j aj oAAial (clll J-aVI <4_lV^ll J 

cjUIj^J j-t Sa_i*j cjJL ^-ill 2LjJjS1I 4_M A^Lilb jJaVl «slli£ ^u^jyi 

J-j£l jjj-^J J cAJjaJllI (Jx. AjLLj (Clll <_J-JAjj1 aJJflJ Jj L_alj^all Aa*j3 tAilll jLaxluol 
qjSI i ^J_La /«-jija>j 4-lV.i f-lt j_$i tAjlb^aJVI t LSIjaII La-iU. t^lj_a.!iU 4-^3 
11a Jat^ta j tJLli J-aI j-a cA^ljJaill ^ 4_Jjlja.VI 4-Ml ^ Aj^uoLuoVI 6.1a jl I 

^j^aj^a jJC. VLaJtlml (AjjJaalh aaglall 

jLc. L-a I jj cAljj^aJ ol^aj" j\ L^aJ (_>al!I J ilaS Jj-al 4»J m L_l_jl£ll ^ jjflj 

; ^^A jJjUlaII olb .U^a j- ale 

o (j-Salj : Cohesion - -k>j-H * fLAUl < 4^j -/- {/ 

J!>Ia ^j^a 4 (J3_a.^UI Lg-La (jjjLoi-ll (C^j-J ' '' 1 ja j '^g-l^ (J^-uiJ at iJa-Hll 
£jj_3 chilli c jlj_£lll j 4_i^aLa, JaJj-ll ^g-3 (J-laJJ ^^-jll aLja_ill (JjLjjoj 

.OjLx-a jA j Jj^ajll Jajljllb (jjl*ll abJajJl 

: Coherence - ?1***&I ' d^UUI t pUjiyi -2- U 

a^a*ll j 4-Ll±uill£ AjUalall ^j^aUaJl ata mJVI (JjLuoj (Jaiu2 
aJLxll AijLudll <lj*-all 2-« (J^aill CllLajlx-a (JclilJ <■ ' - lia 



46 



/smmk-^tkm 



jLx-a jA j tAjSlLa j (J-aJj! g£m U£ JU^aJ'VI jUpl ^ ? uuVl L_ilc. 131 j 

^g-aj^Lall Jajl jjJl 

: Intentionnalite- J**2fl -3- U 

ljj£j jjl AjV AjV taa uiLa t^Liil a\a (J^aj $Lu (j«a A3.1& j (J-aJj! ^g-uila L_fl3j-a (JAjJaJJ 
. ^ll« jljUl jl ojUl AljiL La L-aJ ^^ula < AJV^I Aii (CjiiJ) iiaJl 

: Acceptability -JjjM -4- U 

<Lalc. 4 a ■ a j AjjajJl Jc-ljaU p j- aaJlj^ ■ aLa Aij^aJ aLa uuVl j 

^b jUuluol j clla-a ^V-i <— flSj-a <Jj^ ^gSllall SOfrLuLa ^gJc (J^aill ale ajflJ j 
Jc JjjSII jj%. ^UM* <Ajj*ill .icljill 4~~-s , al AK JUJll *% AjV cCjVV^I 

: Situationnalite - lMjaJ/ hlcj S- U 

IjjLa cAJ Lucira L-flSj-aJLj IjjLLa (jj^J (J-aJjll 4 aULalb (J-aJj! -JaJj (j* AjV 
J_llaJ j L-LSjaII ^ .? w '* (»-J oA_iLa AajLutJl L_SjL*-a]l A_C j^a-aj .A_ia jjjLjJI ^g-lc 
. ALjU j A-a^i LS Jc (j-ail! Ifr-j JUL ^gll! LJjjJall OcLuiJ liUoJ. L-jUaaJl 

: Intertextualite - u^USJI -6 U 

jl c*UJ _ jjUJI j JJjUuI ^^^a. ' . V'".' ASjLuo (j^a^j^aj *^ dllS^lc (J-aill (JAjJali 
,-lj.la. (j^aj ^UlJV J^j- ^ill j-a 0J;1C- £-a J^^V. Jj 'Pj^ (j* c3^V. ^ U*^ l£' 
. jjJiJl j L_lbVI f-^ 4-aJ-^ SjAllaJl jl a£j t(j-aLuill AjJ^aJl dLuiljJll! dbalAl &j 

: Informativite- <^^yi -7- U 

(jj-£j (jl (j-^V. ^-3 .A_La!ilcVI (j-« c£j-^ jl (_gj-*->-^3 4 JJa a Aa.jJ (j-aj J^J 

_ C5 liLa]| ^1 CllVV^ JU-ajj ' '"^J (J-aill jV' ASV^J ci j'^ a UJ J ^ ' ^ 

(J-ajU ^aj^j" jjJalaJl JMa. j<a (j-ajjl AjJJJ AjLaMc-VI JaJJjJ UlA (j-a 



47 



/smmk-^tkm 



(j^ailLj J-J^i jUaJJjJ aLa-joiJVI J tiLuoLajll jl «jJaJJ AIjLoJI jJjLx-all j-a j 

. p(1) p AiuiL Jl l-jjaVI jl^Jl uU 1 ^ 1 W* 

UJ^V. (-£^' Model Building a Text Word- Construire le model du monde du texte 

Ajb 4 u>i'ql l tjjAjJa* ^.j*J' u^V. j propositions ^L-^ l^' j^LJa-a j>* luiluil 
ijjlJ AjL^ajll 4i£l*Jl ajaj* < 2 JU °'j '"\!^ > UljS J !iliLa jjj^aj ^j^ A-ajll 4ii!}lc 
Clmll j}£ Jjl jjj^aJ L5 iC *juoIjj ' '"'j.^ \Jas\ La&lciluol jfcjMJl j-LajfrLaj| 

CluJl <ULa> jjc ^gSjlall j&j J dlllljjjj^aJ Jj JjSj c^JLa. j>£ jl!) jjj-oJj 
4_ll] ALiLa j 1-Luba ; jJjjL*aJ£ j^ -laJj^l jj%. U^'jjW-^ (jj^^ L>° iS^JaJli 
4jJajL <_£jjx-a (jjjuoUj ^JAL 'J 3 ^ ^-^J^. lS~^ J^'"' 1 ^ (J ' "^ "^ j)-9 L^J^' *jW*^ J 

-Ls SiLai] A^La^l tSSJj Jj tjVi^ll 

.'Sequence connective - &**jti JvO-M - j £7 

pi ■ a -^ j j t ^ Si ■ a J V I L_a_3j-a]l jx. j a lil j!i\£Ljuol jV i4-Aj\S&\ L_±JljaJl SLclj-a 
<Li]]| aLlaJ AjjSj ^g-lj (S-ij-J cAJaJjoij]! ' -u£ljlSl j-a 4_jjIj 4xja^J 4_SjjIaj| J aaJl 

JajljJllI ^g-a ^ULa -f.|j_a*VI-J^V l^-& jjl .1J|ja.jJ (_£J l£J-^. ^"^ U-?*' clH* 

^qmjll JajljjJb L_LJl£JI i ■ all j t^gjjt^a^jl 

L-i mLLa ^gluij L_LJJjJ ^gJ 4_sl1]| j_L^aLkv t *« ■ a j 4_Ial£ *lj-^] (J-^ J JatjuaJ <J-£ » 
. P(2) P<< J-aj JljJ J f2> jl S*ljS]l jl ^LajoJl jl <p£i\ J e M£ll j£-aJ dll2^ 

dllj_akj LS -& (J_J cAjSjj^aJl j 4-Ujj a Si C1iIa^.j]| j-a CllLJljla (JjjJ (J-ajJl jl t*SJj 
al_laj 4_iA3l jl jJ-iJ CllUjljua_i] ^gJjVI CllljJaaJl ^_Laj _4_ijIja.J 4—jlc. In a 3 ~^'< S 
<Jj<a aaALLa -laJJj-J ' '"j^ jJ-^jS JV^-Sl j-aj]l /^"-J J 'AJj^ajl 4 ^^'<VI L^Jfl t^Ll ulu 



.105 - 104 - 103 : u- ' c^^ 1 t^J^ 1 ' J^ 1 : (1) 

. 136 : oa ' ***fc £>J*1I : (2) 

.85 o-a '<-i3 ja.^1 1 jlaj): (3) 



48 



/smmk-^tkm 



49 



JaJjJlj *_}jflj}| dllj.il a^lj j t(gjjaill Jil£jJl (jx. Liajl L_Ljl£]l il 



IAaJJ 



lAjjjC. j dVj^aj-aJl J jjLajJall jjJ ^Jjjj j t<L alaJl 4jL]I jlj^V 

Macro -State . Macro -Situation ij J-& *-^ ^J^-J U-* J-^ V S-La. ^li 
4_LLaJl ^ ^j-uVI Centre de control e -W^ j^J* yH* J 'yr*^ l_£jJI ^ J&\ 

Ij^j ^5-lj AiLJal 4 tAX\ *v jA 4_ll*ill 2 LaaJl ^ Jjiill j 4 kijJa j£j-a j& Aaaj^\ 

j\ Lijjii tij^-l J^aa. ^ (Jj-Sj Ai' j 4 dlix^Jl ^_A j Modifiers ^ » ^ ' ^ * 

L_SjaXj OJ-jAiAjl dL£j^ajl 



ijjjull Stal jj£j* A3 j c a- ^h£j^ ^i cs-^ Determinants dlli^Jl LJ 
cs-ij Qualitative S^£ ^'j^> Cj K^ i ^^ I jj£5 tSlSIS oljx-Vl j dljL^VI 
^-^aJl j .iljiVLS ) Quantitative 4^ dljiij* dillia^il jj£j j (jajjjll diLaKil 

j a ill ^-JAj (jj-^li 4_LalilaJl dlVj-ajJl A£±jlu ^^A ^glll A_lJ^l^julil ol& LJAgJ j 

cUill j 4jxlill £* J*iJl ^j t> liMkil \£ik^! oi* jjS3 . P(1) P ^jalll 

^J^" aa ail *-a <JjlSjIj 4 jjaiLl<ajl ^IC- (Jj»-L<ul A-a 

j^a 4_cj^i c>-^a Ja.Aj : Jonction : 4-lajljil - [U 

a£\c ^i Uk tSlJ j jajj c e l^oLJV I j 4ciL.Uill dli^lc dti^l 

jjj^^ic. £jj jj£j Conjonction £*?al (Jlk* Jj-ajll 
-Ljajj tt*ili£ 4 jljJl ; iajljj (S^LL ij^ ^=Jl (jlJa* Ai'Mt - 

JU*luib JiVl Je (JJ>-aJc j^ Disjonction J^al' ^^ - 

(J- aill UiaJI ^g-o-uLi j _ jl dlljjl 

P(2) P.. J j^ ' u^ : -i U^ j^. : ^Ij^Vl a^ - 

4 LaaJl j-i^aUf. J a^aj J- aijlj ^g-ajuo La 4 LaaJl ^gJ JaJjJl cJ^^J 'tAF' U' J^ - 



. 147 : s ' J^ L ^ ) £>J^ ( ' J^l : ( 1) 
.152 tPl-149: u- "^ ft*j*ll « J^l :(2) 



50 



J^ilil tj.^i*\l jj-j ^JjflSSl CJliMt ^ j 4 Subordination ^J*^ cSj^' CJUfcUt 

^\ «jjl L_i£^a]| jlj— JJ (j--a *-JjfljJl p.lJJI AjVj '!>&<* 4_lia^ud]l (J^aJl£ c^gix-all 
lA jJC. j Jaj|j^>]| j tdlU^i ^ ajIj tdll SAa ajIj 4(jJ^>}l JJAaJ (j-aj c^g-ojuoV Ji 

-LS -<UC o£j>1j QJ$S J 

(j^alll *lj-a.l (J^a*J pLuuo a^C jl cdlU^lc-VI dlV^-a. ^ La£ 4j^a3U ' -iffijSlI (jj£S 
dlLaAjlLail j c ajIju! (jx. 4^al*Jl dlLajLu&Jl ^j£] t p jLudll <a^Ja jl (jjLjjjdLul ' yifuij 



.169 : oa ' JM--1I £>J^I ' J^l : ( 1) 



51 



U .'Sequence conceptuelle- ^^tJ^UlJajlj^l -3 U 

Semes ^l^-Jb i^^^. ^ J <jj*-^ ^jI-^j ^j cs-"^ 1 cM^J' jj 

^L^, (J_aJ jj CllLa-uJl J-laJ ^_g-?- (j- ^ '"* ail JjlJJ J 4(j^ajHj ^ J^^. V CllLajLall 
Ls _lc ^LaJf.VI JajS ; (jjd£L*^l at aJSVI ^1 j kill 1-lLail J-a jj% ■■' ^11U cLxJjjuo 

L«ua Jl^LL.VI cjUI^^U jSSi al^VI j . p ( 1) P aU^Vb aUkVI jj%. ^>^l 

^gjfc AjjJaill (jj-^J '"''' ±sU i LS Ji\j^\ Aj^A\ a l& jMjk j--a c*L]J j^'j j 
^gJc j-Laj-frLa JJJ 4-ajta 4_a!ilc. IfrLt ^j; <All j c4_1jIja.VI 4-lV^ A-IjuoLuoV o^a.j]| 
_ljljJai ojjj^a Jc *jJajlil aJ&lLJl j* J^^' cJ.!^'* j£-aJ AjI Ja. ccJ^V 

t> ajV Jj ' iaSfl UUiail) aL^Ijj all V Reference ^Vl !&• tSlli c> 

Jjkb LibJaill -kjj ^ 1 >■ '"a" 4_lU.Vti Cj j^ajJ| ^J_£ £ Jj-aJ j_* Liblkjl L^-lll j kill 
( i Ai,^ j-^^y* >^J C ' t_jj3jllj t^JjAj ajfrLalj Ajjudjlb ^gi*^! aIa^. jj » 

«^L1j 2^ jl aj Mi t^ilj V tSlii j£l cl^jliMc J bLiSSl Jj J^l\ jjls Ua j* 

CJljLiaJl JJ_J (J i&VI j tj Sail jj j a all J l&ljla-a (Jbk-iJ j caJ&lLJl ^''» 

£_lj_j| aj'Mj tSSlJA jl ^1 Planification P(3) P K^ V ^ jj^ c> j^ \-$-*j^ j 

; jl t_ul£j| ^jj 
JajljJllI j < a ■ ^.jll JajljJill j^a <3-- aC '' ^— alt 4 a ■ ^ j ^ j gXall JajljJllI 



179 : o» ' tJj^l £*>»M ' JaJI : ( 1) 

. 184: oa ' **"fc £9-j^i : ( 2) 

. 182 : o- ' <*-aj ja^I « jU3l : ( 3) 



52 



; (jLdxluiVi j ^'^^V' t » 'ftiii'i'ft (j<a (Jj$£ J 
jjjj ^IcLaj (j^aj_ija tig *l laJ ml j L_£Jl jla.1 j dlL^ajLu&Jl L-lLui l£l LJal 

Aj *iljll oj_SI1jI pi Sac. j^_a <_£ja.l SjL_j*j j tA-Laj^Lftll oj^lil! j 4j*IIjjI Sj£liil 

4 rtjg a\\ ^LljlSVI fj SalS ^g-lc 4_i3LolJVI Sj^liJl ^c.Lui_J ' - 1 .la J t4 .LajfrLail Sj_Slllj 
(J^uM J .CllLajLt-a (j^a O^Jjl LaJ j cAaHaJ LaJ U-LoJj iajlsu! AKjA L5 1c HlfrLolJ j 
^JJ-J iaJj-jl ^g-lj Jjj-^aji] I gjlaljl (jj-^J >J 4ajL*JJ a \;» a CllVLa. J^V J t^JjLuuJl 

/ ala uul (jfr t kii&jl j ^ ^P(j-aij| jj^aUt 

4-LajfrLajlj 4j*aljil jjJJj^lill (jJjlA JfrlajJ (jSaJLa *la mJVI ^jl ?c > ialj Jjiuo La-a 

JajljllLj (J-SaJJ abajoLJVI jjj-i ^° . >-j\l Jaj|jj]l_J j SaJLj aUiaJill jL^ IJli 

*• -'P *La uuVl (jjiLuil jA ^g-aj^Lall JajljjJl £jll <^jaj SjUxJ j t ( - < aj^La]l 

4_ia.j^aj]| 4-a.LuL^ll ei& __ 4_la.jj-aj]l 4-a.Lui.allj (j^aill ^j-a ojSill L_£il£]l ^g-o-uiJ 
LaAJC 4-L^aLa, I 4i& Ojjj-a L5 ic (jj^ 4(j-aijl allc ^ CllLajlx-aJl ^Ja.jJ ^^JC (j;l*J 
Lg-La (Jj-^2 (a-^jl « laSll f J<^ (Jj-^J ' - 1 -la j LaLaJ 4_x-ala-a 4_la.jj-aj]l 4-a.LuLajl (jj£i 

j^£j LaAJC. j P ^ ^P "t*Lb jli" Jjj»n ti J-£ ^-^ S^^J^' ^a.Labtt]l oJlA ft^aJ 
(-SlLaJl ^^] Laj^La tla ■ alj AJ*aJ (ilJj (jli iLaa-judla clibjuo UajljlLa (J-aJjl 



www.arches.ro/revue/n4/.comment peut-on etre lecteur.? cyjjjJVifUaa : ( 1) 

. 247 : (j* 3 'lA* - * ^ :> 'f lj*V' J v'^a^l j o»^l '^'j^jj (| j : J& : ( 2) 

. 230 : oa ' 4-fc £*j^l ' jM : ( 3) 



53 



.'Competence textuelle J-**M Sfit—teJL 4 JJ 

jjj j t~]£j ^\l jjj (JauLu Ajj^a_j]l 6f.\ °^" a j ^ a " « ui !Ljt(Jjt uijll (j--a J-l-3 (J-Sl 

^ 4_aK 200 ?4*i J 'L& d £jk1 .. n J "AaIjJI SjJij]| J^La. t> 2 Ji 1 c> 

j CpL-alaVI P— ^ j C<_£j_sl1]| (jiilJl a lc. j t(jililJ! a lc. gj ■ a) j ' ^p4_La^]l 
j 4(j^ajJl *_-a (J-^alsuJl ^g-3 ^ SiLajl j £_£jL£]l j taKj all CllljA^J aJ gj 4_JjLaC.|^)jJl 
(JjLjuoj a_&l ^gJb 4 Ajj^a_j]l 0£.La£]l ^g-a ~^ ui J ^5-2! JJjLxaII (jl J-JC- .CjL-ajlx-aJl 

: Repetition fjj&i ) jg£ f^g/ - /- 4 # 

CllljLl*]] L-ilxi Ijlj^J (jj^Jj tg-Aajt all aLa uuVl Jl£jJul (j-a LA^ Vj' J& j 
^^j t a \'<V< j c4_Laj£LaJl I frjLjjia a S aJJ ' - 1 ia j <4_li£ jl 4_LJ ja. 4 « > a J f <t -»\<\l j| 
^ll-a allll (jjAiaJl£ c^bjuJl LJMlkV LxJJ dlVjli<ajl LJ^lja.1 *-a JJ^ 3 ' -^ J '(JjLjjoJl 
.{AC'Uui Jj£ IjjJ U <jj^jaj»jl £*Ai Afi'UJl f j£j ajj j} ; Jlaj AJjS ^ 

LgjJj (5^^J C5~^ 4-AJ'j}l AjUJjc^g-aj^Lall Jajl jJllI ^g-lc Safll aJ Sa all I SjLcj (jl a g ail 
(jV ' fi-4-^ ^J*-J ^JJ-"- (J^jl r^"V. 4-^LaJl °^-& (.5-3 JailJl SjI&I j i jlj£jJl J^>a-a 
jl 4^aK jlj^SlI jj-^3 ^-3 - . P ^P J-^VI ^i J^-ulJ di (jJjj^sJl (jjjj^g-i*Jl Aja.1 

_ (jLaa.j]l ojjiii ^ji SjUJl Cllbl jl j£j ^ jA La£ Alaa. 

:±4J*21I -2- 4 U 

(j^alll aJLc A-siJfJa (^-Ic lJjjuJI (jL^-aj oAJC (j^ajJiaj (fiill (^AajI jA j » 

JjV 1-Aj^J <ULa. (JjIIa ^ <aUllall o^A Sjlxluol aJ tlgJJxJ AJalj ^ La j^xll Ajjudjlb 

'U\A\ cjIjjVi cIh* j u .: j' J °^ j < °j ^ ^ ^ . P(2 } P^^ 2 ^' ^ lit fi^ 

CJlj^VI j--a 4_ajUa jMja. (j^a (j_SaJJ 4_J^jAaa3l 4_LiIaj]| jl '''' ±aJ 4A_jOaall ^ lc. 
CjVVaJI j c^£±I]|j cAiUbVlj cSjUiV^ oJ^a-Jl CjUx^l Jla c^M 2 alall 

. jj^Hll Ui^Laj t 2UlJ CJljU*Jl LJjj*lll Sbl ajSS j P^^p :im*]l 



www.arches.ro/revue/n4/. *^JJiJVI fUia :(1) 

.301:0^ 'f lja>Vl J njUaaJl j t(>ajj| :AJIjajj (|JijJaJI :(2) 
.(jjljtt! <ja13I ^i jljSjil JJJ ^ ^la JSJb IJA ^^aij : (*) 

.160:oa '1993:»>^l '3:Ja 'uajl*Ail Jj to-riJj J ■ iAA l :> 'j**^l ^ f^J '619 s 6j» :(3) 



54 



Alj^aj AJ-k^ajJ cs^4 J' Sj-V.- 1 ^' AS^jlJI ajjjua ^ L_ajj*jjl ^^JU (jl (j£-aJ J 

^g.3 (j-alll aJLc j-k^aLkv (j-a j ■ a 1& <sl JouH (jl (j-£-aJ <-_ajj*Jjl (jl <_£ l»4_ia k i j-aj 

^jLSjI jl a^aLoUJ (JjiS (jl 4_3jx-a ajuol J^Li. (j-a *jJajll -V.-^- 3 ' cs^*^ U' ^^ 
(JjoLjuoI 1c. _jl ■ ia ■n,*<>iiVI (J^ ui (j^j_£j (jl xJJJ Uju >. ^U "j ^a^U ^/»j la .ail (jl 
1 U j ^ jj 4_ulj 4_laJj (j-« 4-l-J Jalia dllj^jJl Lai . (JJjljIj AJajuLLaJl Aj-ajlx-a]! Cj\~*\ moll 
jV ' *3LSll 4-jl.lJ ^ £i\j£A\ (jj<Z (jl iiLSi ^s-UU V J <<_SJ^ ^jl*-a CJlaJuiJ 

aKIajI lJI^ALj JafSjJ ^Vl 

; ualjlzji Zku,/jj JJuyi jLL>/ -2- 4 U 

\ ailJ i LAjJC. j CllVj—k^aj^lj CjIjLjuoVI J jjLajJa_ll ; dlL-uU^lj *> ■ a JJ 

cjI^VI j Objects *U^Vl j cjIjU*JI j^ 4_&l*Jl ^ Reference^)? I 
cjIjLulSIj 4_ik Jaj ^ill <JUJl ^ Situations t-jSlj^l j Evenements 

Jj t 3ffi„i<, ^ tSliaJ V< JililVl C> <**3 ta-k M U V ! >^J*jM ^J ^ILj j 
Ja^juLa tL-ll SaaJI (j-a <_£^)_aJ £.l^_aJ ^^.3 Sjj£.La <_£^a.l j i at '"*■ jl ^)j^aic (_ 5 iC- J^axJ 

P(2) P j-aill jA UJj^j 

.. A^jUUl JaLiSVlj CJti^ljSK 4£jl!La]l ^JUVI ftiA (j-a £ljJl ^liA j 
^Jl ^KLall UL dll^ c P (3) P AjjUIII JalilVI jjjl JjLa^l SjlS j .AjjL&I JaliSVl J 
x-aLoJl j al^Lajl (JJ_J (jjL*Jjl (jj-%J (jiaj-aill j '(JJJjUl xiaJ t5^' Lp'j^' L>* J£^' 

_ JjjSjI j It <a£jl ; <Llt tajjl (JjSaJi It <aj 

^jjISI j # CaUS j I'jkli ^^J Oj4ttJ <^^' J *C«!iLu. IjiLfl ^jjIaUJI ^jlaLl 

(65-64 u 1 ^ 1 ) { ^l> d& \+ife b\ ^a LIjp Up ljj^j) Ijjj ^jij^ 



(j-a 4_£ j-aawaJ c AjIc (jLa-a; (jLaa^jjl jUc (jl la-Lm (j-ajjl I JA ^ ^>J^la]l (jj 



.114:oa 'o^l J^ 't^ 61, ■ iAa> l :(1) 
.320:oa '6' J - ua> (»^" 'J 2 '*!j*in j 't- J '^ aa ^l J O^ i ^J¥ Ji (# J :(2) 

.118:0-3 nyul\ j^tj ;jUjJl >ji : (3) 



55 



U.jjSi* jjxJ 'to -4- 4 # 

La j-J ^gJc aJV^ JAajJaJLj (jLuV ^g-Sc- ajflJ LpV < J^ 1 ^J^ 4^1 ^*J 

a-uil j jjljuUI ^La_»Ja (J) aju ml (JjLa. (j-° tSUi la J i j 1 a!3a<a (J»aj II ,-3 ^j^jSAa J^C- 

Context i-aij^l (JV^ cs-^ jj^^-* >^ 3JU.VI a>u*j .j-alll Jjl ^k SjUjVI 

*_a.^a]l ^ i» a (^ V'\; J 4^>a.Lla] <ULa.VI J cIIjIjuo jj^Aa] A]La.VI (jLud tSliJ ^ Ig-Jljuo 

^j^a LA jJC. jl { jj-"- 2a Si 4_lLa. ^g-3 jl i 4_1Jj*jI AJujI ^gj ^jLuLlI j-La-iJa 4_lLa. ^g-3 jl 

(J-aJjl (Jjl (el SjjIjJl SjLuiVI ^Lajuol 

.i_taj-o}l j 4_*]]l jjlJ Ji-iLall Jc-tiSl! ( ^c o£jJ jj£la jjil 4JLa>VI (jl -g ^ 

; J^H Alj& p ( 1 >p *lja.yi jjL JU*U ^ SjSj jjjj jjiVl l^i 
J^l J# fAjUj <> <-A^J Ja! ^ Ij^iS &£fl gjit ^ifl jA } 

. ( 2 j^bJ! ) {... ij^4s ^ 



SjLujVI aj^V (3^ul cJ£ £- 
: Ellipse - cJJaJ -5- 4 U 

CliJl£ I jj 4_L*aLa. taa ui La J-JC- 6^-?J J ' (J^alJl A-g-9 ^-^C jujU A^i ^JjUslIojI 
.tiLlJ jAJJ (jl (jj^ ' 4_3j-l»-a 4-Laa. c*lLj& (jj-^J -^ J . L>»LaJ 4a-jJalj J-JC- ^jjlj-SlI 

(46- 45^-^ ji ){ 'ufilAf '^jLi J^iSLj'^Uw jpljL't^- <J U^^ c&J^l ^i 

AlaaJl (J 2^3 La Llii i CAL IJI (-JJaljSSl ^ LJiaJl jjIj A^J*JI (J j 
^i j ( fljaail JjLjJuo ^ j 4 ajuoS]l L_ljLuol j 4 Ja^judll L_ljiuol j ClllUaJjuol IJj <L ail 
j£j QC ^gJJu La aJ^VI c>« -^J^. J a '^^ L^lS JjJaluiS ^j\\ «_iJaljAj| qa ^&J£C- 

. ^ 'P lAj.L^aUf. (_>2a*J 

.339:oa «J^U«1I Jaj^I 'JaJI :(1) 
.43:0^ '1999 ^jjaJS-uiV' '^«-»laJl jl^l 'lsj»^I lhu^I <^ uiJaJ! SjkUa iSjjaa ^Lului jkUa :(2) 



56 



L-JjjlSI dJla A^»; Jj-SJ ' - 1 -la A_iJ^)xSl A c\ a uj l_)Ij ^^i (_g-ia. (jjl Ala. J I 
V] j '4-jic (J^ (jc- V] ^^ (j- ^cs^ L>"r J ' 4^pll J ^-Sjall j JjLdl jl AXaall 

. P ^ 1 ^P«Ajaj*-a ^ L_ilill ale t LlS£S (j* 4-lJJ^a Aj3 jl£ 

.-Jonction - ^Jj -6- 4 U 

lJI^JI j <a£j1LJI aJUVI j Ji-illl Si-el jLS IJI » jl l_±jI£SI ^j_j 

(JJ_J ^gJlJl CJLa^lsul ^g-lj J^-J -^J-j' uM ' ^Lajix-dl CJlaLoLja £.LiJ (_g-ic Sail aJ 
Jaj|j_23 ^5-21 JJ' a Si (jl ( CllLa,Lm_<iSl o^_& ^g-3 j^-jJl ^b-j^VI (JJ— J Jl dltaLoL^Sl 
(- a Sa lu aUaJ dllj AjU (jl (JjlU aJ tiSlj-iLuoVI J J- a ail j « aaJl (j\lSa<a 4 Sa uiljj 
J^Lk j_* j-alSS L5 aJa J oJl (jjh.i Jl t5 _lc Uajl jj t*S!j c3^.J . ?( 2 *P « <M^ 

aJSjlSl dlljjl j ( LSaxJl dlLa^lc (Jl* cAjjil Clllj^j-a 

; JaJjSl (jx £jjjl AjUjI c*SLA j 

j>j-a j^ jJ&l jl jjjjjjuo Ja_jj ; U fr^aJ) jJka Ia-jj U - 

Liajl t jljll al laJLuiLj I ^3 LlJ *^aajj CllLajlx-dl 

OH J-4^ 1 <jaL-J ls-^ -^j- 51 ljj-%: U j-ap^I ^-l> U - 

jl A-llJjl ' '' 1 .la (j^a (jJj_aJLa CIiLajLlaJI (j^a J-^l Jl (JJJ JJ-^ 13 

m !xLa ijl a I laJLuiLj (JJ3 jl uJJ a 

jj_^. j_^> (jjj'j j_^. (jj_j (jj-lj : u ^1jjS-*i¥1 la-jj U _ 

4 *_-a ' LH ' U-^ >l-laJjuAj (jiajlxlSl A^Mc I ^^ Llj CllLajlx-aSl 

AJ^lc J^ljl C(jiJ'jjj^a (j±J Ai&lxSl ?L1> aJ ; XJ fejj^l ^jj U - 
C(_gj_a.VI cllj^-a. (_g-lc L-LSjlj La&l-l-a.] (J-SaJ (jl <_£l i^jAJ 
La USlc. j cAjllj^al AJaaJ ASaJJj-a jj£l j\ Ajc ji Alaa. (jj£l3 
La j 4 (jV cJ-^a dlljjl J^la. (j-a Aj^aj^Lall dllS^lxSl ^ J^-SaJ 
Id^A j 4aJ (j-a j t I^A (_ 5 ic- ^1-iJ j l^-J ' ' " Ua (j-a j calj 
.L_UjudSlj Ai*]| ^^ic ASb CJlaMt laifl ) alii j i 



.360:o- 

. 346 : o* ' <l)'- uA ^^ jj ' f'lj^V J v^s^lj o^l ^'j^j^ <i J '-o^jj: ( 2) 



57 



/smmk-ffikm 



(jjjLuo 4-JJJJJ (^c (JjJ A^Laj j^jil tillable, j I^A t5 ic f.Uj clo^J 
^gJLjLJaj^jl JajljjJl pljJI (jjlJ (J-aJjl frLalfr jjLaJ » AjC^bjl Jajlj^llj '^"J^J" 

^j <_£ j*J La-lJC <^JAaJ AiV t^glilaj jAj 'OJ^ Aa.jAj IjjAaJ l_a ual j^i tiLuoLull 
^U P (2) <<C P 4jL ^jlo, JjSJ ^Laulb fiJ^ Aidaj j-ajJl ^ JljflVl ^i 



.262:o-a tujlkaJl fcSL ;J*ifl £sLa : (1) 



58 



/smmk-ffikm 



: ctejjJUll j jhitl- 5 U 

L-al c jL_ Lj jj lalajl li_A ^ o uM j i\ g-La 1 _lj Hawaii 4_a.ljj Jg ui J ''*' JaJ 4 jj^alixll 

.-liajjll Ajjj J 1 ■ ill atJjt J Uabj'jl jj£l j£3 cp jjjuLaJl jjiala 

4Ji t5 J a > cCjUjk^i] JklAJI ^utlSLj VU-ajl >j*I cjlc j^JLall j jLVli 

^\lLa tluj jOaVl3 c » jl JJ ' . 1 JJ jJ ^gJ <£. jjJaj-a J-ial dllfr jjjuLa]! jjl JjSjI (j^j 
. P( 1) P < CJJJ *lJJ > ^j^LaJl CjI^V Sbftftl 6JJ*-aJ AJaJj^JJ jixJ 

^JJ_J AJjuoIIaII (jj_£aJJ aJ I Jli 4(j^aJ_ll A^i ^g-3 !>llLa aO&LLaJ'l OAA jjJ jAJJ j 

f.Lij (J_^l (j^a cLLal jlLa UajljJ dlLajLu&Jl f.Uj J Liajl jiaV JajljJ* (jiaJJj 
^■Ljjj ^gJ aLajuiJVI J tt^J uil aJjl (JJ'**- " Oj nil Jo <La,La i^jliA (jV'(J-ajJl all*] ^ Jj-aj 
(j-ajjl ^j^aLkv ajuoJJ (jl t^ljj Jc ^c.LuaJ La-aj c^j&ill J dlLajLu&Jl fjiaJJ j 4 (J-aJj! 
(J-aLuj (j j Ja a CllLajLt-a JaAjJ <^J-j£ Clx^X^aj j <■ llxJ Lg-L a j (j£-al I ij t 4jL baVlj 

. P(2) P < tj^ > J < jUaj > J5- 

4_jjij^yi SjWli ^^ j-ajJi ^ujj cUij^ j^jj tsLlj ^u l_jJI£]i cUl_j 

.Planning lajlaaal l -1 . 

.Ideation -v.j^l -2- 

.Developpement j&^\ -3- 

. Expression P() P j£*^l -4- 



. 455 : s '<j'- uA i»^" :> '*L»V' J ^^"-M J u^l '^U* J^ (# J j^l : ( 1) 

. 476 : o« ' **-»J J^j^l ' JaJI : ( 2) 
jjc dJls j 109 : o* ' j^l • ^» uJ^^ 1 : oj- 4 ^ 1 vj*^ 1 ^1 J"=jj <-^ vj^ jI^^VI Ija : ( *) 

&-i) iajj (JuS jJaJI . 1 100 : 0» ' I960 <l)l-y ' tjJt-yJ! ^t-J^I jlJ ' A-aJiail t 5jjJl <>j1 t)t-»^jll 



59 



/smmk-^tkm 



60 



/smmk-ffikm 



:qai1I jJ& j cr^ dt jll (jjJjtif fjjAJf -6 U 



AJ^ ^A ja£1\ j!&\ L^ jV » ^IkjluoVI ^jll a^M^I L_k]>l! Jjlli 

_lA jJC. ^ clxiaal (JjLojLlaj! (J^axJ ^gJc ^.jjJail IjiaLoul cLuUluI bujjj 

^■jjJaj j C(_pajjtll jlj-^J AAxjili IgjLJajU (J-1*JJ tAJ*lij 4_lSjl jLatl c*j\iA j 
JajljJllI j $.1 j_^VI rj- JL ^ a J J '"'J' a ^ j_lc t(jj_ljl ' -Ujlm J (_paj_»Jl .lie. (jjlj_Sjl 

si* (J^aljaJl (JtLJjJ j c4J3Uc.j j c^g-^lj^V' JajljjJl l—l^Lua L_fl3j-a j tadl*Jj| 
4JJSI fJc ^tfua! . P ( 1) P Sj — t\l CjUIj^VL? 4l^> CJlJ jiLull SLilb tfjii Jjje j 






^jALi ^Laj&VI Ai*i ^jjSill 4_)iijM*]l Aij*Jb I^UjaI Jb. ^uulSjll CJLajkJb 
_ P(2)«-p ^b Aij*Jl <ulja c^^j ^^iL f lkj ^ ^.jSSl Jc 



. 353 : o 3 'f Ij^^l j ^UaaJl j o^l '^Ij^jj <|J ' j^JI : ( 1) 
. 270 : o» ' *-iJ t»>»il ' jliJI : ( 2) 



61 



Sj-fraJl £y* L&jJC. (j^a 113J ■ a J 4_}jja£jja]| 4juoj.La]| (Jxa. La j& j t'U^Jj-aljlajVl 
(J S ClA\\i Ui\ Si ^g-3 LA jjJaJ ^ jl CliijC ^g-iSl (jJjLuu.u>Jl dllLajl ^j-a J-^l \ffi ' " 3 j 

"<jA-«jj5 " j c "cjjLj jVjj" t "liloijJ£ Uj^" t> J£ jLatl J^U c> Loijji 
4_i3j&jjaSl ^joJl cjJjt 1 973 _ 1 972 oh ^ V^ *j^' ^ j 

I^Jb L_iLljuoI (J^a 4 «a">J^Sl 4_£^p. Cll_jl£ j c4_J^>JaJ SjL-a£ jj^a jJb I jjL-J L-aLal&l 

S^iaJl dJj ^ cjj^Ii ^l a^UJI jUaVl ^L? <-i4j«2ll u 1 ^ ^ : p(1) PfLaSAVI 

j-ajlLj tSLSi .IjU ^L-aJ&M] t ... 4_pjJjA J 3-JJJ&I *t ^LlJLaJt tijLaJ CJJl£l Uj^uo 
I Aixla (J^a*Jl ijiS j "jLllJ (jj-^" J "(JjojSLjuS jLul_La" JLacI ' " 1 j g ^i 4 ^gjoiijiSl 

.(J-ai3l ^LajudJl j ^g^aJl frjSaUj 

J^U t> I ajJ^j ^j£l cVLl^l CjWVI ^Aiul .& c^x^UJl CJajSl ^ lit 

p pu j^ J 



laboratoire de linguistique textuelle, ^JiJVI fUia ; ( l) 

WWW.crdp.montpellier.Fr/ 



62 



: j-Ailf j ? t n a >y / . . . pJjf J L-t J L.4 Qj-^ U 

aJ SaS** $J_* q^A\ Cj\ p(a) P(1 947: Ai^ aJj) "^bi JLLl. j^ m ^^j 

4_jla^C j Cjj^ajJl SjLaJ 4_JjJaJ (J_£ JaJJjJS (jl AjV j^ alia a dlLj^laJ ^g-J] ^LlaJ 
4_illl jLxil j 4 ^g ■ a ill AjuII 4^alc 4_JjiaJ (jl <_£^>J J ' L_lUaaJl (jx 2 Ju0 j' '**'^?".' 

La ^g-ic *_3jflJJ aJ j t4j£j ul ^J-^?. ^j 4-lLaC.I ^g-3 "abl jLul-La (jj-^" ^Lc 

(jl£j 44_1a]1*J| (jLacVI ' *" J^ « (jJa^iLLaiJ La \j-±& LH '4-lJaiJjaJl 4juojAa]| AlaAJI 

J^Li. j^a L& jl^jjj j_£-aJj c4_jLajl 4-jlAl ^g-3 t4-ljjjm SI uijlaJVI <A\)LjuoIja!Ij IjjLla 

;4lui jAx-a ^iil. Elements de Linguistique textuelle- 

.1990 

.1999 : 4iu" jAx-a ^ill. Linguistique textuelle- 

(JjVI L_lL3£}l ^g-3 Jjt— a. i(j_l±lalll j j-ilaiill JJ_J A AaC ^g-3 ' _1 jl£ll x_^a, 
Ajj^aill i"4U U-^\l i *a\ 1^ ^ ip ^ j (J_j_3 c4_3AJ (j-all! ^gia-a -V.- 1 ^ cs^- cUc- L£ 

^ SjjI jJl jLSabtf I jjjJaJ t^aJH cAjLjIolI!! j-c ^Ull lJ_&I *L^ j 
iljjjaoll ^Ijj V 1990 ^ a^j^I 4u^ill JJUllI jl tSUi » : JjVI <-jM 

. p( 2 } p « ^mi lU*ji ^ Lljj i jj^ J^s c^i sp jjii 

AjU iAJAajJl j 4_3a]| j^a -^.3^ C5^) L- *" 1 W 'cJjV^-J UaJJ^a *La. ^gjllll L_llHj\i 

m( Jj^.\ AAjsMc <A\)jaJ ^gJc p^UaVI J 4(A\laJjl (jx dlljiui 



(*) : Email : Jean-Michel.Adam@Fmod.Unil.ch. 

(1) : J.M. Adam, Linguistique textuelle. Des genres de discours aux textes Nathan, 

Paris 2004, P: 17. 

(2) : IBID, P: 17 



63 



/smmk-^tkm 



(_j£juljj Ul i Zalll ^j-a CllLe j-aa-a ^j-a La^LlaJl l 4_m£jlill AjLijlui^aj j (j-alll AjjtLaJ 

; t_ul£]l Lg-LajoiJ ( (J^aill Ig-La 

. PERIODES t^ljj^l - 
. SEQUENCES CJUil^Ull - 

4_J^lj ^gJ j- a aJ cULJaUl -Ja_Jj CllLliaC (j^a ^JJC j_j tilliA ^jl Ja-a.^b tiLli (J_J3 (j^J 

I g l£j 4_uU£ jl ^j^a uj tjU*! 4 ilac ^gJj LfrLa Aa,Ij <_}£ » ■ a aj t4_JJj£jJ ClAjjluba 

.(J-aill ^gA (^^>J^ oAaj (Ja&jJ dlljjJ 4 l£ ui a J^VI ^ JajljJJ 

: P( J) p ^ ^ajj yuii ^jssi j 



iL£i Clll iiac. 



(J-aJ 




AJa jiLa U Ja3 






(1) : JEAN. M. ADAM,Linguistique textuelle, P : 47-48. 



64 



/smmk-ffikm 



: LjLXUI $# W*JI -1 

Jja j&j i fU^aiiVI j jAJii 2 jJa ^ 3 - <J' "^ ' Proposition UjJaSlI £-!& cjj 

*M£ c*lU& (jAiJ £jV c^^ 3 ^- <J£^ OJJ^' iActe de reference cr^J* <-^ -1 

. *!A£]I ^j*iaj^ J^U. (jx tdij (jlajj : Acte d'enonciation Jailill J*i -2 

jjj Jajjll 4jLc iSXL ^ tSlli jjfLj ; Mise en relation ou liage -Wj^ (J*i -3 
l& JJ*J AJaJJ^a ^j- <aj Sa^j (J£ju2 1$jV ^^ ^5^ L}ljJa£}l ^j-a l& jJC. j AjjJaSlI 

; ^Ull^ c>aaJj (Ja.Ij-0 c*]U& (J^aill ^gi U Jaflll JJJ JaJjll <Jj3 jl <cl 

. Jajl jil jLjli.1 •< JaAlill -4 4_l*^.j^ 

; a-i iaJl i^yn (JLC^jJ UU& j C(Jj^a^]l j a-i iaJl 4_lLaC 

aLC- a ' ia - 

ajLllo pjJa - 

l^alijuo tj£. aIa*. (gi J jx. (jLaJ V tdi^J J c jlj^Sil j&Ua-a j ajfljjil CJljjl j!>lk 

. ?^ 

Lgjl ^g-lc 4 AjjJail] Lj > a j \_9Jj*J L_Lj\£]l a.lL oAA JaJjJl A-AaC ^g-lc IfrUj j 

P Configuration 

(1) : Elements de linguistique textuelle, theorie et pratique de Panalyse textuelle, 
MARDAGO,2' me ED ,1990 , P :36. 



65 



/smmk-ffikm 



;4jHjil A-aJjuojIill ^ (j-aaJj 



^J 2 



Aa^oj 



^jLLa. Jjj oHj s-Uj ; 4j»-N^a ~\ 



JaJjJl ^LlLc ;JiilSll 



>j4ia jiLa AjjJaiU 






66 



/smmk-ffikm 



.Les plans d' organisation textuelle es-"-^ pj^vfl l cjlkki^ [qj^JJu JLIla] 

; ^^A i"<1 UU-l ^ A*Jjl ^ jj^aaj" (j-ajjl ~j^"< lilt UUA. ^ 

La chaine — J miuni l 

La portee - <s±A\ -2 
La periode - Sjj^l -3 
La sequence - £^ -4 

( Ulc Sd^j (J^jujjJ ^jiajujl IgjLJoxJ jiajJ J (J^I^JJ 

La sequence - cs-W-^ ^jLjSII _ (Ji m oi l Jaj ^Jak* ^ AU^ a jIj^j j '^*jjI u-^ 

; ^UK ^ bi <.u^ .-MUU^i ^ 

Les chaines - cjXjiLujI - 1 

Les espaces semantique - A^V^I CJl*LJaill -2 

La segmentation textuelle - cs-"-^ £jkVi\ l -3 

La periode - "fjjA\ -4 

La structure sequentielle - 4j*jLu1I $jjj| -5 

La dimension pragmatique configurationelleyr^J^ l^^c-Ij^I o*jJI -6 



67 



/smmk-ffikm 



* 'P LljLud] IL^aj j^j- <aijl ( alia a ( *« > a j jA Lit > aSjl ei& qa LJ^Jl j 

. a^^VI -1 
. ^L^-SVI -3 

4_jj } [J^\\ JlUl lib tSllJ j^ j (^LllojII Jaj^JS ^1 »JA L_Lil£]! L-LoiaJ 
lj£l_J ?7 j_a. j c Ailj^ (_gil j i La*Lu«fl ^gic. j c (j£l j ( SjLjjuo <_£jJxul (C^jl <J^J^ 

| 77 JJJ J ' UajlA (Jjuajl j 

_A_ial^il SjI&VI j j'j^I L r 1 ^P ' . V ' "j Non-texte (_>«J^-J (JjjIjuaII 2-jLuJI 

^U^ij Ml<a cs-^jV AJaaJl ^gi Rheme ^^ 1 U' jMa. (j-a (j-ajJl j-ai (jlaJJ lluaJ 

^gj (j-all! *La ui jl ^gJj c£>\>j La jA j 4 I^£a j ajjIjJI aLlsJI ^ Theme S^l ^* n " ,ft 

Jsl.il JJ*J S^jjjLu UaLu'jl (jUaJJjJ t(j-ajj! ^ (jjluUSla (jULaa (jj£3 ' - lia i ; Jlla 

(3) P b 2 B C b O b iB C <- [ b 2 Bc 'biB C ] 

t^aja 4_laJJ^a ( LjLjaill ) Cjl.}_a.j ^j-a (j j £i a c4_a.j^ ^g-JJ^jJ *jLxJ J-& (j-salll <jV 

AjjJalll 4_i3 (jj-^J -?■ ui Io (J-£ 4_jV '4-J aIoLu) SjJaJ (j^a JuV (J-^jJl J .llaJ .lie j 

.(J-aJjl I^A ^j-a Vb I j- taic 

(1) : J.M. Adam. Elements de linguistique textuelle, theorie et pratique de 
Panalyse textuelle, P :51. 
(2) : IBID, P :45 

.28:0-3 n>aJ]| gj*-J cJUjll > jSn : (3) 
(4) : J.M. Adam. Elements de linguistique textuelle, P :49. 



68 



.10:oa J& i^A^jjt'i) t^j*Jl £!jjJ! tJ Jjj U* o»Jti ^iu«J mjjL :(*) 

: J^j pa 1*J\ J JUuyi jjj _ i_2 

•Ailil (j^alja. (_pa*J (J^La. (jx — 4jLaV' -jIjSjjI — Sjlc-VI (jj^ ' (^ ?~ m^VI (JjIaJij 

jjLajJail 

p ( x) p. L5 ^*- a LN - 

*■ 'p (j^aijl jA oJj^j Ja^juia 
(^ ?ejJalj jJfc l-o£ 40j-<iJ I ■ ia Jl 4 a J aJ l-o£ i4 aLa uijl (j-ajll ^ 4J_a.V' ftiaJ 

(J^La. ^j-a 4_lLa.VI '( 4_ia 4-LaV JJ-^ ) Ij-aJ L_ijjU it ^7- ui-La JjjljaiJl (j-alll f-La. 

■ viAjJail 

. u^Uf^l : j^aS' - 
. l^jUJIU : ^.j*^l - 

. jiJ It ^1 ; ^^a.T.Jl JIjl^I - 



(1) : IBID P : 52 



118 : oa ' o 3 ^ &H" ' J >-U >J^fl ' jJ«l : ( 2) 



69 



/smmk-^tkm 



Jajl j^)Jl j3jJJ Jajl jJJ jj^alixll qa aAxl^. (j-aijl £jl liUi c^joiij (j-aijl ^*^fla ^j ^J*J 
j;L<uJa (JA ji^J (J^ -^-^J V J c4_lJLa^l Jajljjll c4_llL^.VI Jajlj^l J c4jjj£jjJ| 

* J- .* 



A-Lu^aJ Jajljj 





4-ljjSjli Jajljj 






( aJslL aJISLs) 




"i 


"1' 




_^ 




A 








J. 


' 


' 


i 


Jo 



JV: 






j 



i 
i 



70 



/smmk-ffikm 






V 



C>aJ — J) 



. p(3) P«^^>U*Jl tSiSS j^ tSLiUSSl j t^lauLAiJVI c> £jj -^) c?^ cU*J' (^1 



. 121 : oa ' J^l £>^l ' j^JI : ( 1) 
(2) : J.M. ADAM LINGUISTIQUE TEXTUELLE, P :68. 

.78 o* tSjAliil t (i.j 



71 



: AJV^j cjjf Laiij _ 2 -2 u 

(jljjaJl jaJ j iAjjI^yUjuol j^>fj ^jV 4-ll-aJl ^^ 

4j_JVaJI ^-liJl ^Jl J>aJI j t JLSS3VI uj^. <^LM cjUlJaJSl 3JU ^i L.I 

tSSLiA ^£1 c4_l]V^ CjlfrLJai Sit ^ UjSIa l-jlka Si jjlj Jfl j ^L-llkkl] liLill! j 

o^^jj p.) ■ Za3 Uul J 



:La segmentation £jgjjj j - 3 - 2 

j$* <Un plan du texte <i U-aU. 1 K^ v ' o-^ 1 ^ ^ t^ 3 ^ 1 jj J jjg 
(jjjUxJl j c Ajcjill (jjjUxJl i Jl^. j ' ojSill j^*J jl ' J- aill ^^Ic Jjj (flUl 

\^1a L-ifrLJaJJ jj^aUxll (-jLuiiil tjj > ill rtTl ' - ua tAJaaJl ^gjluLa (^1*3 ' j!i\2luoVI 4->J^ 
qa JliiJVb lAjUaj ^ (J-ajll CJlAa.j £-^J *J A-llaalll ^jV Ajlajul (jj^lS i(J-aijl 

.71:0 s 'tAuj J ■ iA *i 'J 2 'jfc^l ^ ^ 'Lttj* 6j^ :(1) 

La segmentation des textes par l'etude des la ponctuation r^j^l fU2ai :(2) 

www.lalic.paris4.sorbonne 



72 



/smmk-^tkm 



eAC ^1 \ gA \ > niLi j SjJ^aJl aJ a ■ aJ laAj » ;Wa'<\l jjj ^]c. Jlla j^ j 
(_g^kl j '^.. *" jW^^W AjuaLai AakL a ;*JjJal^a>» j co.IaC.1 j < ' " lLa a ■ a 

Uji. j AjJabjL) cAjIjaII CjIaJVL 

4 LdJaaJ ^ Ajj^a^aj^ak AaAd ^ c^alx-all j*xq]| ^ jl£l » ;Wa'<\l jjj ^Um La£) 

((j^aLaJI 4 a " ■ aJ j 

A^uiLa (jj-^J Aai cLjjLx-a 1 UU-^ ^ 1 g-a^aj AjV ^-jjj^ cs-3 ^ V'\) J 

4-rt.uia^a ^jjc. jjj^J A9 j c AJ^ai*-a ^jjc. j\ AJ^air-a ijj- >** ^j 

\ $ a 1 1) j j tftAli a^jl JaJ La2| ?r \ \ r\\ ' " 1 ±a c jj^sLlajI jjojIII ^ cAaJ La IJA j 

\ g *< a<a ' ia>a a a All ^Q" 



:La periode SjJ-^ 4 —2 

(jx (_pa*JJ Lg-iJaJU AklxlaJl (_>&aJl L>° AcjAa a IgJI ^^Ic SjjAll L_Ljj*J (j^-aJ 

t*iiAi c ^gix-aJl aU L_ll£jJ ^^i c AlLa ^gAs-a SjjaII eA4 (J-aaJ 4 Jajljj J^la. 

4_llajjud]l 4-LaaJl c*l]j ^j-a 'J^' L>* j' U^J j 1 ^ L>° AJj£la SjjaII (jj^J A9 

A9 La£ cAxJ^a '^JJ^ T. u ^ '*'3^' ^-*0' L>° UJ^* *JJ^ <Ai5l£ 131 j 
SjjaILj ^ja.V' ^5^ AlaJJ^a AjjaAl! SjjAl! ^jl La£ cAjiLa al SjjAIulo (Jj£i 
^i Aj^aLk AjfrlLVI SjjaII jljjj ^ ^Lxialj jjAJ >j3jlSl Cllljjl aj3J j iAjclijVI 

^JjjuJI (J-flill ^ «jJal*3 La Lulii ilxjuolj Laj^La SjjAlU ^ ■ aSj "abl "^1 



(1) : J.M .ADAM, linguistique textuelle, P :98. 



73 



/smmk-ffikm 



La structure N^& 4A^-Lafl 4-mfl - 5 - 2 

Isequentielle- 

(j-ajjl (J£jj2 Clll^A.j£ tAjuUSla AJuiiuila (J-aa. o^C <jx (J-^jJl (JJ^JJ 

^J| c Aa.U^I i Description <-a^jjl ' Le recti yr^' 

ajUSHj! (jx (_^jo J^C j-a UJ^V. (J^J^ 

. P (1) P [ j;ju^ CJl^j ] ^ jj£ CJl^j ] CJbulIi ] ^ J ^ ] ji ^i 

^gjfc 4 4_j£^a (>4a. j_* jj-£2 (_5jAVI ^g-* J <a*>'l £^-JJ j--a (J-aJ-jl UJ-^V. 

7*' T^*" " c a ■ ^.jU jj^aJJI c <_£.}^)jluJI (_)^ai]l ; (J^aill (3* pi^jJi ^J^-J ^^ "• ^J^ J 
AjjJjuiij 4_ilHLa c*JJj (_5-ic jLla£ t^gjjuujJl (j-alll aJjoiAill I JA jc ( ailaJ j 

; (jx IS^Uajl joaJi jl jIaj sequence explicative 

? IJLaJ <_£^)&ja. tjl^juo (J^La. j-a ; 1 AjjJaS 

. jV ? I iUl * j^' : 2 Su^a - 



(1) : J.M. ADAM. Elements de linguistique textuelle; P:85. 
(2) : J.M. Adam. Linguistique textuelle, P:72. 



74 



/smmk-ffikm 



dll jjl j JajljjJl (J-a*J j c Oj-aj j 4<L-aA.^\j j t4 aLajm jl (JjAaJ c*IjAj ^g-A j _ \_llxJ1 
A-atj CjLxjLlill (j-a (jjo (j^a (jj-^JJ c4_j£^)-a Ls~PJ <»LlaJ dll j 4-lij jA (j-»ijl jjj 

< Lllkj ^ j ^'tSLb jli" Aj *L> U £» Ul*Jl SLtfjll l_sjj*j ^ "^ bl "JiL 

11a (jl (_£J-J 4 KWK.Tt j (J_j cL-lLJaaJl <_£j_Ia-aJ (_3_1*JJ V ^-$-ft-J l£J-^' A J. U-^ 
AIAjoiJI i"<1 UU-l ^\1 «_jjjj j 4(J_iiajli CllLljlui^a A_J^\j i l^aJ ^gJl ' LjI£jI J- a 1 a_J 

" " , P(3) P^ 

liK^bkJlAiiJl 

** ** ** « 



(j-aj]l 2 JL ^ a j JL^jJuI (_}£] ^jjILa ^gJLuJ p^laJJ ;r> iBv 
. ( j^iii ) cU^l ^Lti ) aj£jJI cU^l ) 

( CjLuLnll p IjJl ) Ajc jj AjJLuJ CjLailaJJ ; g->Bv 



(1) : J.M. Adam Element de linguistique textuelle. P :91. 
(2) : IBID, P : 96-97. 
(3) : IBID, P :96. 



75 



/smmk-ffikm 



. aJV^I J>JI : B1 B£ 
. ( ?&J& ^M lk^' e^^' ) t^ 1 : B2B£ 

. l^Jj^ 1 j Sjj^ 1 : B3B£ 
cUUUl -M Jill : B4 B£ 

: jA*a Jil^U^ 4»j31t -6-2 

(J-*aJl jjj JaJjU 4-ilaaJl Ai&lxJl (j* Aj3 JIauVI (j£-»J < J J £i a <j£ j-aill jjj 

^H aC-ljill LxAj I frlajj L-lSI£]| ^j'"°:('.^ laaJl) (J-aiU ^Jl^l SOa.jJl AJ.laj} j 

. p(1) P^iji 

J t^LuoLull jjijili ?lajuij JJl ( cj^l£.uiill j^ ajoxJI jl ) (_]£LuSJl f.liil leLoiil jj£I 



jl IjV tUaumla l£ uLu j-alll j^lj C5 ^i c^j Jl AiLial . P ( 3) P^ j£j| ^LuJl 

. JajJs jl ^j^a j£Jdj Ancrages enonciatifs S^ ( "^'u/" ^ UJ%. 



(1) : IBID : P : 98 
(2) : IBID :P :100 

76 



(3) : IBID :P : 101 



AjUVI i j\Vin Macro-acte <_S>^ J*^l ^ J) Jj*- ^ 1 j o^ 1 ^ u^ <^ 

. P -^P ? ggj IjUj J 

.Allijl (jc ( Lu&jI ^ aAIjuoJ j t(j-ajjl L-il^Al -IjAaJ ^ |J '" A " Of.U£ (Jjjj jA j 



: 4 jisti <L-jjU&Jjj JaI &* -3 

.Cohesion -Mj^l -2 ConnexiteSA»jljll -1 

. Coherence o^ ls* pW^VI -3 

Competence de communication Jj-al jSJl S*li£ j^» IjV AjI ' jLuiJl lifc ^ -laj*.Mj 

A_l^j^aj^a (Jill la j aLa ^-I—HjJ j 4^jJj£1j ?lajjiJ La£ i(j-aij! (JjjLJ J '~^°. < ftAJuoJ j^^\ 
.Ljajl (J-aJjl 2^° J ( tf '^^ ) L£J^W -Wo* ^V^-3 /* <iai uiia j AJaJJjx j 

Connexite- 4-A^J^ : 4-JUll ^jAL_LJI j^ "^bl ^ ^" Jaj^j <5fjuo L« l-ijU J\ 

.Progression - j^ j 'Coherence - ^W^V j 

:^j« -1-3 

j A A<\\ ^Jjj JaJ^)]| ^J^J J _4iiLi-ajl AjjajJl JaJjjll j dlla^lxJlj (JjJxJJ j 

t5 ic Alla.jj (J-aJjl aLa uljl j^JjJ J ».ALjL*3 j iA-a^i ^ a^JuoJ ^glll Jajljjll ^ 

(JjLuoj L§jI jj .Lg-La LjjuoLuol \f-j^. AaiLa all Jajlj^l J la uaJ jj-*alJ.»Jl (jx A&j^aa a 

(JAi (j-ajjl ^ cJ-<^-il aUalJl £jl La£ tL-ll laaJl aJlc jj^alic ftllaJJ ( _ 5 lc (_La*J Ajjxl 



77 



/smmk-ffikm 



(1) : J.M. Adam, Linguistique textuelle, P :79. 

(2) : J.M. Adam, Elements de linguistique textuelle, P:41 

.80-79:0* '4-WjJI j AjLIi <jjj 4j£jJaj 4jj*J cjLuIjj <.jjjaul\ jjuA. jjxu ;(3) 

i>^j t> L-a^l cji^j ' Cotextualite - J^ J*i j '...<^V^ fj$i* 

; JU1! Jllall J^U t> cdij w.u-r,.., U£ 

(JJJ jaLull I^A ' ;-lfuiJ (jjjLuill (j-ajll J aLa mjl j c*l > ul aJ a-lc Ja^.!iU 
(Jflljj JSa. Jl t5 -aJJJ Jill 4-lajtll tSlliS ((jljJa. -) j ((jljJad-) CJLajLall 

.tdlj Iajjc. j ((jL-oaJl) (^sljj V j (SjLjjoA 

Jill aJV^II Jj^Jl Ajjij tslli ^aj j < J£l£i - ciUUi t> djj^ll jLaj tsllil 

.(J-aill LjLjaS (JJJ Jajjl J ^cLuoJ 

AjjJjoij 4_lLaxl TtUJJ (Jj 4 ClAJa jiLall AjjLuiI A-iu^Lk *La uiJVI (jjjl c*llil 
a g 3 4jUiH AjSj (^Hl jA Jllall (jl (illi .(J^aill Jc- Jllall a£^. J^Li. (j-a 
TTjLi. JJ-aUfi Jc (illi J I.Lal«-a t(Jtaj La (JjjU Jj LaJJ ^3 j i(j-aill jj > ak" j 
Ljt > 2a£ll (JJJ Jajjl AJ'j£IJ (illi (Ja.1 (j-a LJJajja 4lia.jljJ.ljj j (AJatalj (jjlxJJ (J^aill 

.(J-aill <— aljJ Jill 

; J>iu<t// ^ (j^jlt -4 

4_JSJj£.VI 1-aC.ljJ 4-aK jjl tilj iAjj^aill 4_£iLaC. I jjlLj (j-aill dlLuLuil JafiJ 

J*i 4juoIjj jMk (jx L-ilkaJl JjK'ij al^j' AjjIac-I jjll j 4 Action < u*^l > J*J 

4_JjLaC. I Jill jt-JJC.1 (j-^aJ t*lljj tj«aj ll J-JS.VI (j-3 UJ-^' J^ J ■aaJl f.1 jj f.lj-Sll 

. p( 2) p ^uLvi (xLuoj Jxli aj Jij 

J j_al| A_jV CjLjLuiAlb UaJJja (jL£ La AjU tA-iiLaC- '.J^W (jj^ 1 !! <» J4^° C3^*"V. 

jJaj Mi cL'environnement extra-linguistique ^LuLulI £jL^jM -kjja^ll Q* li^UaJl 

(jLoLlI 11a ^gJ Sj£lUl jjJ j-i-VI J-& (J^J-^. C^lll t3Uxjdll ^j-a diil£ La^-a AlaA. (j£ 

.(_^Aa1I ALJa al (_^Aa1I jj > <aS Sj£IJ dul£l f.ljjuo 



(1) : J.M. Adam, Element de linguistique textuelle, P :110 
(2) : J.M. Adam, Linguistique textuelle, P :119. 



78 



/smmk-^tkm 



VLtu -i-aij t 4-a^i j (_yaJu\ (Jjj^J is^ (jl^wiil 4_La&i jl^}Aj L_£il£]l ajL ^^ j 

: ( 1958 u'j^ 4) jjI j?Jl *J±} ^ Jj^ JljM Jj* ja 

aM£]| Jj^j jl c j1aj <{ a£l*$i J«l } : ig\ { JE VOUS AI COMPRIS} 

jjj] j . ^. a j (JjijJ (Jl^)jaj| (jl jOJJ fc£jlij! tllld^^J IxJJ (j^i iAjjudJjS (.^fi .Jjt j^' <jW 
L_Sjiij]l ^gg-.Vuin Jl^jiaJl L_)Uaa. JjjlJ' J c^Ludll (j-saill JjiaJ' r'tii-a jjj 

jl j£j J Jj«JJ JljMl ^»&« u' ^Sa.^il i-ll.la.Vl <^j IjJaJ Lla. J^ J » 

Ak-aSj (jl£ LaJJ "a^la^i jSJ jj-luUji]l tgjl "; JjL jA j JjxJJ JljiaJl jjj ..4-JjiUl 
. P ^P«jjl jaJl (.^JudJja AJallaLa l^aL jl£ j i jl^j lUc jaJJ Ajl f.lc.}j 

.4-alJl (flil! (JUjouI (jc l-li*J <Lala uul J^L j 

^ ala uuVI 4juoIjAj Allxlail '<_£j^>}l ' alia a aJ^Sj Oxj tjJ^VI ^ Ll U^fV. 
a£-J AjI Jaa.^Lj j tl > taJU IgjJaxJ aAij 4jJ^>xJl dlLj^lajJl jjl AjJ^jxll dlLuLoilJl 
(Jxl£13 j (Ja.ljJJ l$i)i t'U^J^aV J 'S^JJJ^' (_>ijI.1aJ| (jjlJ CllLajVI 2H^J L_a!illa.l 
' '' ^ J aLa uuVI a j^ 9 a£ (ajAlLaJl (J^a*J Jj ^>JajJl Ljljj LJ^lja.1 Jj <_£.il (Ciil ^aV 
^ H^UaJl JAaJJ jA j cA T L^ai]l JJJ.ts«-a aAi (j-« aLajudJVI (jl CjLullj^jl (ilJj (^JJ 
Laj^La AjjJaall aj^La jjl£l ^.I^ojuo ijj-ajjl blj^aa Qli JaJjJ < _Hll Ajlkldll dllS^lxJl 

L_ll kaJl (-1 (- Sj la]| jj^ (j-a UMLjl "^'<j La£ c^j^jj^a jJC. Laj^La a I iUjj^-a 

_LiiLa£.ljJ l^*J ata mJ^U (J*aJ La jA j 



79 



/smmk-^tkm 



.40:oa '(»J^I 4JjlJ^I 'j5L5>» *%> 'Jjjjj <l)l :(1) 



80 



■jsmk\m 



(Ram 

/fe 

r^artlEaei^^k 



fsusii aTJM ji**| <^ j^ii M*-^ J **j*M o-M -2 

^jJH]| & U2VI -1-2 
^L-lil! *U2VI -2-2 

JUpVI *j*j -3 
o^I^jUJUpVI-1-3 
y^u jU^yi -1-1-3 
j^bib JU^VI -2-1-3 
_ q*j1\ JS £j*ail <> AjU _ o^l Jib JUcV' -2-3 

^ILVi J^V> -1-2-3 

^*?ft*U jUfrVI -2-2-3 

tf jaJH Jb^yi -3-2-3 

Jj^l\ jUfrVI -4-2-3 

^Wdl jU*yi -5-2-3 

^1\ JU^VI -6-2-3 



jU^yi kjliia _ JSM JU^VI -3-3 



. p(1) P«^l4il JU£ j ^l£j 

AjuaLa '^j-^* a Ala^^a (J£ (j^a^SJ tAilJa a (JaJ^aJ Cll^a Aj^uUJI (j! till} 

AjI^j j CJl ja-Jl ^^»£ Ajlgij UIJI "ijSI" Ciljjt A-aK Jj dul£ j «.lia>l« o^3Lk 

(jl£ jSi C(j\jjl jUc IjJj^j (Ji cJjs '(jLjj jUc t_s j*j! (jl£ age ^ -^iuo j AjIc 

.lia Alaij (jl£ Lae V^?> (jSj V cA_iJl_iJ IjjJ-fl '"'^\;^ cAjxJ al laJLuil ^ p Ajj ^^jxll 

. P(2) P^l'^ u^ 

V J IjJJ V J ilj*J^ (jj^J U' U^V. V A^^il I^A jjjl jil£ll j tag-La (JxjaJI L_SjC j 

cajl£ liUS U .<>]! j c^VI ^ jaV j . p * (3) p!iUj* V j tU^„M UM£ 

^^L^a — ^yjill j to 3? " * ,>^ ^-JV t^iiifl cblj£ -alui j AjIc <&l ^gl^a — ^^jill »j?-» * 

p(4) p*tnJV1 jiT -^Lo j aJb ii! 

I mAJLa LjL1£ L_)j_*J| jJ_ C. j cl_)j*_1I ^jj oiui<nil ^\ Aj-uiilb (jljSJl jl^a 

^Jj A^LaJ a^joiijl (jjxiuLaJl OaJ aj j clgJ (J^aLa V ^'^ (J^aJ* iASjLi. A-U3 SjAUa j 

V J& A^lA^I Ak^a j^liaJ JJJJ^I cjV 'jJjVI OHJ^ 1 C5^ jW^V 1 C> ' L ^ 1 



1973 :^jjjj ^LBll AjjL»il «£)Tjill ? jJc ^ ^liJ^I ^ja-uJ! <iU*jll jjc <^j1I j!^ : (l) 

.116 0^ '1:£ 

.6:t>a t2000 <3**«J <j£il! jlJ t^tfALul jjf^ll JJC tjj tAjJljSil SjftUail t^jj ^y diU tjlaJI ;(2) 

.1093:0 s 'I960 d^ v^l v^l jlJ ^ji»il t< ^jjla. ^ 6^JI ^ 'j^l :(3) 

.4jja, fUkll (J!5lja.l aCj <|1jJ| IJfJ JlU :(*) 
.VCD- JJijaJI- JJJ^I S-»lj^ J^tl '1^; 'dlUWl »>« cdijJaJl aidl j a5tu.V! 'jlaall Jj^j :(4) 



79 



cf$fc\k-/5mkm 



' . L& Cllj^Ja j c<_£^>a^Jl (^Jljil jj^l (3* ^J-^ <— flJUll A^ja. ClllAii .Uiajl <Uljudx 

-a 1 88 ^ cf^l (-*21 ^cs-*^]' cr^ 1 dfc? j- 1 *- Sj £F- <^V < jlj^ 1 j^> 

<J±juo jjiajc j c^g-Jlj-SlI (_ya ill jx IfrxjJaljx J JalilVl Jb-a jc- ' Lj&Ij 

j* ^*j ^ill <(_a276^) <jjjS jjV <jljSJl d^L* 4jjfc> v^ j 

*ljj j* Ai^A jl£ j toj-luiij j jIjSlI J^Ua J AjcMJI djjaall Jjty CJblajll 

.Aja j*ia]l j 4^ » '"' ni t^VjU^ j* jl Jail jc £liill jA tSlJj 

AjjJai LaA j cSjjj^ Sjjiaa, La£j j (Ida. jji<alA jj^aU a3aI » ol^>J3 

j-a (JIuluI IjljLai tOji-J jjlcUall I "fl .13 Xa.j jlUJl t«jla all j (JJjUjI 

^Ijilui! jA » ;Aji2 jjl ^lj Jc. JjJUl j(...) 4^3231 j ji*l3l J] l^J^U 

^Jjj* j (JljJl (jx J-JjUllI ^l£J CJL^jla (jx JpllaJVI (>aj^ f jl*-a j* Jj4^-« 
U-lxa. CA x±l\ jjj tiljJjJix ajuolii j^i oAJC jl a all Lai A a^aluLa j AaiLuo «jLu Jl 

P(1) P« AjjI jij! A^jxJl Aiill j£] 

<_£ja^Jl 2-jl.Jj! cjj^l j* ^J-^ Vj 'ftx-ialj (J^J^J L-LllUll A£ja. Iajj al j 

.Lujl j Ljji] ifU$l\ jl jSSl A^-aj*-aa. jjJJ jl JjUll 

.(_a 386 ^) ^jU jl)* 3 ' JW^J J ^' - 

.(_a 388 &) <<^UaaJJ jljSlI jWx-J jLu - 

.(j*403 ^) ^^U3 jljSlI jUc] - 

.(_a 471 cj) c^UjaAl A£MJl jIjJ j OW^V 1 JjVj - 



i^jjjj tl;Ja tj*iill jaill jlJ t^ja^Jl Jjljil cjjill AjLjJ ^1 (^jminti iJC Acibil ttJjJ julj :(1) 

.27:o- '1997 



80 



^g—S A-h aji aaJl j 3 SaJ Aajuo Aj3 IjA^j j c jLaX-V' ^VjA (_>oj.} -1 

.j-ajSl ftjljfl jljjV AJAiVl IjjoijJ -2 



Alb ^j' aa (Cl cAjS AjJajI L_aLuJJ^I j c^ljSJl (j-aill £.lj£Luol ^VjA JjUj La£ 
Ac-^bJl V J c^gJja-ll iaill ^ij*J ^ cAjlLaa. ^l&iLa jLa-V' (j* j/^ 1 ^ jj i la " 
^ j Si j^ klaj dlJl£ Sjjail t*il3 Cjlilj-a (J--a j_lA£]l £jl t*JJj c J-iJ fjA A_lJj*Jl 

' p ( 2 )pA£il!j 



.191 -190 ro 3 '1990:c>*» J 'V^ 1 V^ 1 J ^ 'MJ^ 1 <^ ctftia ^tjc- jJl» <.Jal\ :(1) 

iAjfltfSll ^IJjVI ALjIj iuijxil JJe ^jtuiVl jjiiill J ^jSfl jjiaJjJl ^ Olf IjS c<j**> j*<aiSfl sjlaj) :(2) 

.ll:o- '2002 :jil>« 



81 



cf$fc\k-/5mkm 



;Sj±j* JjjSJ M^jlaia J^JjUpy/ -/ 



tjj£l! j SLl^Jl j ^jLudJ!iU AjjjjlII S^>]aj]l ijc 4_La!>LjoVI AjJ^jxll S^>]aj]l ( aljaj 
^li cS^laJil o^J AaaIaj! ^j^ j cAd^iill j cAjjiill CliLuolj^ll ( alia ^ jjIjj j 
AjLiilijl alubaH 0^>laij A^MjuoV' A^^jxll CllLuolj^ll ( alia " JjtjJ (Jl c!l]j ^*J JJC- 

_J^aa.^ali 

Ja : iaJ La£ AjUj j cAjj^jJ ^ (Jj^aiJJ V ^H (J^ J <(_£^>^VI ^UjuoVI <*^WL?j 
4_jjLjoLa J^_*1j djljllll ci*aj' j tl aa mia LaC-Ula jAlj (jj^l (J*-H SiJJ ^-J] '^-J 
;oOa.jl aJj/uj S^laJ t5 ic LajU iAjjjll oO^J I jliHa Ajl&LaJ'l j 
Sjjlxla AjJ^a. (J^Jl J JaLdJl ^ ^*" ce.la.lj Ajj£a A-ajJaia dllljlill £j]» 

(jx O^US qa j cA^Ajud (jx j i^LajaJl j&t£jl AJC ^jfLj ai (JlLajlj j i^LaKlLaJl j 

a!iL_£]l a 1 <- - jl Lj ?r jl a. 4_c.^LjjI jLa-a ^ <_£j£all ~^ Sal *<*< ^jjjoijLaj ^jjc.^bJl 

^ »*<" Aj]_& (jl Jj— £j (jl »j_lJl (Jj^al aJl Jj- aaj J^ (j-a j (...) Aaill (JjjL*al j 

*■ ^p«jj.uij j cAaa j c a!>l£ (jx SH3"^' <»ji*^ (jc> AJaaJ Jj*JJ (^ Ac-^bil j 

AjaajLJul L_Sjj_la]l jj_C Ah a 3 (Ja^a J V t£^-Jl (j^al—aJl I gjHala Ig S (jLaj 

JL Lall j t 4g ..i\g\l jLjaaJ ^ ^l<a A^MJl CjLlj .^lljl S^LaJ! A^UxJl j 
^j-a L&j;!*^ '"'j'a; I g l£] _ jjjoiilill j AJujI j A_Sill aj-lc (j^a CjjUIjuoI j c ^gjLJj-ill 

a g <aj| jj-a tillU t A_l3 CIlc jC jj j CllLuLJ (CAjl 4 ^j^ill aUaJjl ^jc oAl*J dlLuilj^jl 
2 } P A^M^VI lJjUJI i alLk^ j±J AjiaJl AjjjJajJl CJli^UJl t> i Lu&lt cajJl lia, 
( kiia^a j jljSil ^ jU^yi AjoiIjJ j^ ^Hj^' AL^I JaJj (_> OjV ' t^J Jj3 j P ^ 

L_ajlx-a]l o^A 
JIjjuo J j I (jl£ j i .ojjxji j AjLjI ^ ^>J-^I J (J-aljli Sjfr J pJj^jl uL^ uj 



.6:o» '1992 

. 11 : a* ' 6^1 tb^H ' C 1 ^ ,iAa ^ ' J^ 1 : ( 2 ) 



82 



cf$fc\k-/5mkm 



_L& jJC. j aJaill 4_|jiaj j 4_c.^bJl ajJc Cllj^Ja i j-la all Jljjoill (jc 4jla.jj 

.Ac-^bll ajlc ^gAc Aiill ajlc AjjjxJI Ailajll ^gi du^Sj j 
Aaa*XJ)}\ j 4aijx1\ Aiill ajlc duj£j c aMjuoVI cjc Iclij j c jljall < -5 lc> Ualia. j 
ClljgJa »!>IjuoVI cjc- Iclij j 4 ^jxll jail I Jg-la ^jaill ^j-a (jlj^ll ( -5 lc> UaUai 

(JjAlalall Aiuila AjuiaLk 4illa all IgjlAlajLj Almlflll 

< a lla a (JjJ*a t eLaJ'l j£ j t j^i j£ (jAjail 3_JJla£.VI SjALlall diJl£ All 

j_JC Sj_Lala AjjI ■ 2a a <UtJ >^i Lg-aJ all (J^al£jJ j t(J_CrlijJ 4_La!iljuoVI 4_Ujxll aj-lxll 

*V J ' aJ ; ' . i\ IJall V ' j^ j*'^; L_)L_i£ 0jLiJa_a A^La^iLjuoVI 4— ^J*j' SjLia—aJl (jj 
^.Lcj jA ' ; ' 1 .la (J^a L_ll Jail t*llia (Jj cL_Ludai ^^j—U elc-j jA <^lla (jx clJjjxjII 

. p( l >p l^ljli j l^tfjy SAiajll SbVI j 4ij~> 

^g-lc c (J-alll jl ■ 2a a Lgjt-J 4_La!iljudVI SjLJa_aJl t L^aJ (jl c*llj 0*J jjC- ^1 
CllljLiill jj_C L-ajJ J j-xJJ aJ Lgjl a_C J 4 tllJjJaJ j Cllj-AJ jl 4_J j dlLuU 4-ulLull 
4^aa.jill 4_£ja (JjaLji-aII j L_ljxll L_fij£ La^*J tSoflljll Ajiia-VI A-lLmlill j Ajjaill 

. jJja.VI (.IjSVb ^l£laVI J 



.360:0° '1999 ^jja <2:-k t^aVl! j)J <JS*J| 4jj& <<^4fc>ljia £jja tJ kS| 



:(1) 



83 



^^| Uj-VI -1 

: ^.^BSD aU^n -1-2 

4jJJ.ll I AdL^aVI <il£u! 4dlc L_ll*J t<*A> all ^g-Luo iAs.j^\ ^^Aluo eLaJ'l jA 
TUjUll j c( aiuo j 4j1c ill ^ji^a )ill J^JJuoj Ajtau^g j (Aiudll j L_ltj£ll 4J*J*-a^)A3 

jjjoijll ^gJj LaJj ^^Jjl jjjoilill ' . L& ^ ^LjJalj cl^^ eLaJ'VI I^A ^Vj 

SjUc aM£Jl jjV ' t5 JxAll ^ Aj.3^' cl)' l$J& ls^' Ajc-MJI diLoiljoJl j tjjjLallj 

(jfr SjljC jA j adJiS ill a^I£ (jl Cllljuoljjll (illj (jxjJ J «(Ji»iijl ^ A^-3 (jj*^ cjc- 

. p( J) p iii (Li j ^ ^ii t ^ 
: ^ifald j ^L«mt obuV) -2-2 

(j^aLk ci^J^ (a ^* ' " J^ * Jg^*'-^ J (AjjUjjII AJjjdajl <-<^jj t5 ic <-_)^>*ll cJaC- 
^ill jjiixii* j t Sjlj ^$ill jjm^ . j»J liiav JJ& JJ* j t SjjjS jLiJ ^ JJ*JJ* 
<_£jll ^gJUjjll JJjljil J J^J (jlc ^JJjuojIjII ~^» a *-<ia.I -^ . <_£^>^l Ojlj L_)l^j^all j 

Ajjajll <Ua^-L&ll j c j^'^ll j ^jxjJill (_i 4_a-a!iLa j^' 15-^-" 

^1 oIjaj (Jj 4 oOa.j l_ijVI (-5 ic AjjUjjII Ailajll jJjIj j ■ ajaj &1 < - <j^ ; 

. jj£I AjISc CjIjjIj ^J*!' JSxJI S^J^ <imlall Cjjj jfl AjAaill Aja^-Lall 
AjuojjAajI SjL&II j- aaJ j^j- ail! £.lj£Luol ^1 LaJj (-JjjuI JLul ?ru^ili 

_ B BP ( 2 )p pM\ ^^ ^UJ ^Uj^l jAlSSl OJC J*i U£ tl^Jljfl iabJl^V J 
. P PAjjjSjI) Aijx^il ^1 J^aji] j_>obS]l Ls \c- Ij^lS gu^l U£ 

(^Jj ^c (| jl»ji ^jiii jji <> ^jSh jiiii j>ki ^i «^ji j ^Tjili ji^ej tt lAu ti^ <A j^i :(i) 

.23:0 s '1992 £>jj# '1:^ '^^J j)J '>-c (MjI! ^jSil 
.ISro 3 "Jj^l ^ t*Jji*-^l Ji^y j t^ J ^l j^J^I (^ ^l^lj^ 'cs*- 43 " j*«a>Vl : jJaJI :(2) 



84 



(Jul (-jljUc-VI J.:' L '°''^ <-_££ ^gS 7jjJa\j ci^J^ J^J^' ^ C5^V. J ' ^' (*^^ j rfum j 

(Jloil ^j-a <Ujiua]l Aajj ^jU c AJjuJI <JaI jUj jjc ^IjjcVI jV^' ' '"^j J 

4-J jj-alkl (Cill jLjaxll IoaaJI JjlLa ^ AdlljjcVI 4jj]ai]l J^«V. (j'^ '-^f^' 

LjL^ii o^Ij ^ p( A) p a^UjJi lasal jj±i ^ Ux ^i ... P(1) p$j£Lfvi 

^ia ii C5 JajuojVI (jJaiall jli liUi Jj < it ■ aJ .^llnJl ^JcXfll UUiaSlI j AjjiLSl 
j' a*Jl tiUJ ^gic *^ (e^jl Ajc^uojaII AilfljJl i_i±i aj cAjloLa j t4 ■ ajLa ClleLv 



L_U 



£l\ Jj-JjudJJ ^ <aa.j1I jJJU ^-Ja ^ c<La*jjJl JJJU ^j (illJ (J-^Ji 



. p(5) P^Ua1I Jc. o^j*^ 1 j 'jljc-Vl j^ 

' alikx ^ 4 fJjSSl u'j^ 1 jW^j C5^ '-^;^ UIJI CJlAkJl ^>a jj^Jl CJal! 
!^\ (jfyi La jA j |j£i j c Ai!ij j c IjaJ j c IjAuiflJ ; LJjlxxJl j CllVLa ail 

; tSj^ J^- ^J^ O* dlSllaJl ' - Ua J i L_ajl*-aJl o^A jjjJaJ 

.160:0 s '^JVjil j AjJjH (^ ^^!l tyS ^.,''.,'.'^"' ^j*^ ^Luiljj v^ jja-iil (^>uia jjxmi ;jlaj| ;(i) 

CtliU^I *JA jjj'U £fil l^uAa kiutjll) j ^jjifJl t^jiSfl dlilSjib IjjjIjj ^ t-Jj*!l £l t^J <^iu V :(*) 

.^Jiil j ^JLa^JI uJLaJl fj& ^ialj J^*y j^j' J 'AjJGjjH AiUjilj 4jj&a Ijjja^i <J£ 

(<Lla%M\ 2«,,.t»t) ^| SjiUjjJI AiuiiSl £>«) AlaLuil AjiuJiit <cj^uja!I tb^>« oa^jII jjc j->a^ ;(2) 

.335:oa '2000 ^jjjj '1^*11 'l:Ja 'jAUi ^Ijjjc 



85 



g(3i<d&-/&>tlcHfe 



: J ? r .yi<L+jl-3 



IJA alia . jLa£.!sll oju^c Ia j^.j ljiuil£l ^a jLax^yi t^j^ jl -3 ^ 

0* j£^' J^J^' ls^" ■ ic ^ ul J ' < ^-? > L>° ' LilUill A£^>a. a^jlu .^jjLjj jjAj jJ^VI 

jjju (-1 (_3fu»il L_i^>xll jjl c*llj ^g-ixJ V J 'c£^>^l ^-?> L>° ajAlLall j L_sjlx-all 
a-«VI (jj^sl ^ ^jjg-l^ .. 4ju1I A^C C5 ifr 4-i^aLa. Cajlxll t alia " ^^Ic (jjo-iLall (j-alll 

pi a s all jjjj' ""' ll j 'UJ^-O^ <— ijc- l-<^ '< I-^jI > (Jjsj£a1I f3^*^ ^juoIjJ ^ 

jj^Ja JaJJjl (j^l tdlLii I j^l I O^A (JJx jj-LLb all j c^jjjUl^Jxll j ijjLjjjoill j 

jjjIjII 4_iaj£ (_! (_3±uill *^-ii '(jljSlI Jj3^ ^-^* S-O*^ -^ ^jjiAll diLui I jol I 

p(1) Piliii^j 

lj£-aJ (Jill c jLaX-VI °J^J -V.- 1 ^ ^Ijl-a^a AiC (^la. cJ^ij J^"l I^A j^JJ j 

^■jLk ^ jLax-VI — (j-^a-ill cJaJj (j-« jLax-VI - ; 4-^jl j pljJl Aj^Ij ^ ^°.:' u a3 

: yggi rj u ju^yi -1-3 

x-a lj3?J«i cjljSlI JlLa (jx SjjjoU IjJU (jl t5 lc L_l^)xll pLiL (jljSlI <_£.iaJ 
a^i^j^a Jdll (jl C_Jj*ll (J^«-J <^lj tSUil .A^jC JaUlL j CjjjiJjfl 4*L (jlj^ll (jl 
jLuoJ (jj ajAl^jj (^Ijll l^g-J iaLj <_£AaJill JjJ5 (jc j cAIjaJ (jljJ'VI ( -5 lc> AJ'jjlj 
; jlfaJl AJC ^gjJalill O-lxJ (Ja OjJ^a J ' P 4lj2*-all (j-a aUailb L_Sjjx-all 

; C5 Hju 4-1 jS JJ.1J djuoli Jj3 I JA j » 

{ c$Jl\ !JA Jl^ I jlj oi Jc- 6^1 J o^V» ^*^» 6^ J^ } 

S^jli (_gSjJ a! SjjSll IjjLuO jl j a^JjJfl pllj x- P&j^" cs^- J-^ ^1^ 
I^A i OJ^AJ Ja'^j Ld-a ^jaII j^£- Q^J '(^J^l pi "'? I ^3^° ^3^ ~^<-l A '^V 
^gAc SjjSlI a^jLuo tlila. tjIjSlI ^gJl jLaX-VI AiUial ^gAc jitla pLaA.VI jl £a 
(_^AaJill jjLaj Jlj3^ jW^V' ^JJ ^JJ^W <Jj^' L>° (*3^ ^^J J '^^*J lA£*^ 

(3) P « Ajab Jjjuajll I j+*j* 1} 2uVl ^WV t3>- ^ c^ J 

"p p 

ojjjj 1 ;Ja oLuiljjIi AjxalaJl *Lutuij^aJl Jjj;^"^ 1 j jJaiil (jjj AJ^jil aJc v,jjClj£j| ajxJ d^3>| (jlaJI ;M ) 

.7:oa 4993 

.67:t>a '1:^ '1997 £>jj# '^ij*^l JJ 'y*^e ^c 
.118:oa «!:£ «diTjlll *jfc ^ 6^^' '<>j^l 0^1 J^> :(3) 



86 



: l_AjJ 4M Aij^b JUcVI L£lj J^fJ ^ 
j jjjdJ^U (C IajH (jLu <eill jTjSill JJail -1 

: j^bibjU^V) -2-1-3 

OjJjlj* J^Li. £y& i (J-alll >7 jLk jJfc La-a (jlj^il jW^j L^" (JV^^VI (j^V. 

; UiaJI (jail Jc <Jj (jjdJVI Jc- j > alS-i aJ JJjljil I^A JlLall Jc 

( l:6^l){ \&* l3iJS Ua^yi 131 IjilSa ^aJ! &-. j*2 fc^ 1 ^ J! <^ ^ } 

; jLu <Ull JjSj cjLa^Jl Jj filoxj <Jj 

( 21 : J^l )"{ 6J^ ftfU cHtlSU l^j^ Dli^l 

AjjjjI£ Aj (j-ajJ aJ (j-aJS J ' L-lUaiJl ^jj jax£ ; dlLI » ■ 2aj] AcLuuo J*J 4j (jxl (j-aJfl 

IjlLa c (jjo aJVI t5-ic (jlj-Sil J^-^ j-iuij q* (JjSjjS jli£ daj aj La] j i ojjJlaj! (jj 

tlA ^a-a uJ jj-a 4*Jj^aJ Laji < a\*?.*\l ^g-lc ^gJl jSJl (j-ajJl JJJLJ V '\; t^lllS 

LJ jju aJ S jJLk diL^a_a uJ «Ak-aJiJ _ CllLaKj LpLb j (jiiij V I J^J*J" Jc- 4j j jii J j 

.AjjLudJVI ^LaJaC ^j-a aAjJC. j i -ll]j]l (JJ ^jli. j 

^uLlj]| ^j-a ^JJ^I (_5-J] IjlA-ajJ j 1 1 .1la3 (ilJj Jj I j li aSJ aJ jjj j chilli CllUlLa^. 
. jjj.ui.xj I jjSil Ala AjJaj Vj Jj^;' ; ' ; aJ ^Jl cAjjjjlSI JLSIluVI AjjJaJ ^'^J**- cs^l 

: Q^j Jib Jb^VI 2-3 

jLaX-VI (_5-3 ''''* aall j t(j-aia! ^ J^ (j-« jLa£>VI Sj^S jjLaJ' ^j-a AjV jjl^ 
JjJVI jjx- j aj a3 j t jLlkl (jx Al-ajJaJ La Jj ^J*^ cj'j^' jW^j U^ OS* cAiklj 
AJA.L^ai j 4_ajJU ^jjol-a. ^g-3 al ? <Uljjlui ^ AJJ_J_C JJ-al (j-a 4laAJ La] al ? SjjlxJl 
.? (Jj5 ^j-a L_lj*Jl ^liL Aflj*J aJ (_gj]l L_iJjiJl AjjLuol J al ? AJC-!ilj j 

lj£-aJ jj£j 4 a^ lu LaJS lj.<mijjl j 4 jLaX-V' 4-^j' Jj^ (JJJuojI^I L_ail^l tiliJU 

; A ubaaJl (fljilll Jjlaljl iIAjjUhq ^^A diLjjUn<n J Ailla ail jLax-V' ^j' j- ^^ 
Jjj^ajl (_gjluLaJl -2 . J'jj^ajl ^gjluLail -1 

^■v » Jl ^gjluLaJI -4 . ^j^ HI (_gjJ.uLftJI -3 

. JV^II tijlo^l -5 



87 



cf$fc\k-/5mkm 



■ ail! (_gjJ.ui<ul ^jA (jjojLui (_gjluio ,—ij AaLJaj 



(j^alll ^JjjuojJJ a_& j Cjj^all] ^gjLuiAll (J-llalSl ^g-lj 1 A-p-fl L_ljJtll frLalf. 4_AJJ 

: ^liflt JU&V) -1-2-3 

^1 *J <Ull a!>L£ i a ■ a j (j-£-aJ V 4— jl (JJ uijl^ll j jLaill ^j^a j ±&jl (_£lj 

4_slS »-^ '" Si (jV cALu^li]Ll x_^jujJ1 ?tilaj a " JlAiLuol ^g-lc IjAaC j < »7- ■" aSl a!>l£]Lj 
La jJb j cA-llailll Aiji. jl] ^g la ail p j- ia-a ^^ic J^J Ail La£ c^LaaJl *.a mJ (jjJ^a 
j| j La* j ijjiiilSl j jiVl cs-3 4-*3j jLaaJ j^'" jl^La ^^ <&' f^-^ <J4^ V 
i^j tCJl^^juaVl J CjLaKll jJ_J ^Liill j t^jjjuaJl ^UmiVI lift A_l3 £l%VI jLa^. 

. P ^)p ^Ll! j c^Ljl ^jjSl J J 1^ 

CliLajuo j c jxjSW Ajali j c^a-uill 4_Lj££ AjVI ^ AaK jaJ ^^i cAJu^lill LI 

; ^Lu aIjS qa lia.1 j cl&OxJ La ^j^ j L\ilJ (Jj^aS 4j.V J^>l (jV t^AJ 

. p(2) p (3 -r^rA ){ Ajgi t^Lfli L^Lls } 

^t-a^La jlj-jj » iL^La AjIjS jj-a j-laJ V All j tAL^alijI AJC L_flij]l jjj%. 
^j^a 4_c.jjla CllLlla*-a] {jLuiJl ^Liijl j!>La. ^j-a aJj^ll ^jlj^ll ^g-3 <_£jJl1]| jLaX-V' 
a£jJ La-a 4<_£j_a.l ^jLiikl ^g-lc j cojL ^jl^lajJal LJjJj ^gJc ^lij ^gix-all 4-a.jl 
. P ^P« c jJj.ui.All jjUJI I g k. ^^IJJ jl^J^I (jit Ajljkjl j cjlj^ll Ac!lf 

pj lLajl (^LajVI ^aLlaj]l ^ SaJL ' 1 1 .la C0j!illSl AJC (Jj^aljill A ; LaAl J^-laJ La£ 
j AjjaaS! ^J*J LaX^I ^lAl dJj J^l t> cCJLVI Lda^J ^1 cjVV^I ^j2S ^La^k 
( a Sla a j c^jjjjlill a_l*J Ij-alAl Lall<a cLlLj j cA_jL£ dljj^aJl ^j-^ c3^^ J is^ ''''^^ 
.AjIV^ Aillaj CJlJ tAjJjj^a A-aJ3 Aiualii] jl ^a]l .AjcILVI jAljlill 

'l:jr *^j>jj 'J^l J J 'fJ*Lh)l cPaiil jj! j-a^> <3jS*j 6'j^ 1 (*>^ tr^ O'-'j^l 'u-^jJ^ 'j^' :(1) 

.54:0-5 
19980^^1 usjUaJI Aj^> ;Jj>J| ujU^I j|| Jc ^ Jja.jil jja^il c^IjjI J& JljjJI jjc :j kSI : (2) 

.33:oa t l:Ja 

-LaJjJI fLuiiil Sjj^ui— (jUuJl ^j 'LjjaJJI ^JljLAil jjjsj ^ U jji j ciijil SjftUa tdjj,u jAil Jjj :(3) 

.13:o- '2001 



88 



yataba.com.archive/index - fjj^l cjU^I (J <A»^I j^V 1 - £^>&l *>-^ :(4) 

: ^yuJ) JU&V) -2-2-3 

M £ ui j^j- a ill j L_U_£ll j-a OJ-JC- j-C (CjL^ajmJl L-ll J £ll IaA ( *<^ *^j 

j^a jl La£ 4 L)'^>^' '■ 'j^-* -0 ^-a-^l 4_jV2SJ JLsU <&l J^^l -^ .Lajuol j 1 1 j j a ■ 2a a j 

j_^ (Ai_i^a j)l»-uij j_C- -i-^j-J *-* C5"^i (*& ' ^** *■ 3 a J* g-^-'"-'-'^ &■!■& AJ jl 4_i^a_iL^aa. 

jjjJl j 4 jta'jill j j£oll j c l_Aj£1I ;c*llJs 

(j^lu'l^a a_uil al ** al a a_ uil jJb <_)_& « jlj_kil a_ull (JJ-a. I J 3 11a I £.1_aLuI j-^i 

; CliUa tili^lj Jl I jajuoIjI j 
.LaLa. ajuol jljill (jl tSjfi ^Jfl -' 
^g-lc j 44_lljL*al A rtKll ^g-3 (jjJjl jlj t^jluLa ajuol jljSlI jl tSjfi Ajfl J -4-1 

v 'p AJLdAjJa (£1 £ ( _ s juill Clljja j}-a Jja.La I jjii SjLa j>-a (JfiuLa ajuoV^-3 I^A 

4 vuij AjLjI jV '^-V.j^ 2-^ lpL>^' lh* (S-j^VI j£l ^j UJ^' U' ^j^ 3 <^j ^^ 
jl^ill jl Aijlla cj_SUa i Ijillkl ^ c aA^I l-LSVI jl ^ *Ja cjI jj .£ 

A-La.uij £j^}jLa]l Aj /g-a-ui c jlj 1st aJ 1^3 jj^a ^glLuLa c jl^iill jjjJ ^3j A 3 a ^j 1> ^^ 

^j V — -» ^ At j (JjjlLclI] 

'<■» a 1 f-J-ill j-a (J^luLft 4 j!>L*i jjjj t5-lc t a > a j AJl <_£j-a.l 4 ajt la CjJlS j 

. P(2) P^ 

l-al c Sj^lll j c » aail j A+iaJl ^g-lc JdJ jl J-Sll A-aK jl (jjj-ui L-a-a -la_a.^b 

; l_icIj1I JlS ^UiVI j$i SjMllI cM 
LLujVb ^>U j SjU S*!jSiL? J>U1! ii! ^ ^UL o^iaJ Sj^l » 

. P(3) P « uuA> J V^> J u& J j-i 6* M ^ 

Ail IgJ ^ ■ all3 i 4_a_iajL*all Sj^ljll L-lllLuol <^.laJ La>^Uaj^al cJjJ'jJ A-dK /jJJU 
j^jota. ; (Jj^jll j c jjjJalill j>Jota. c Aliill (gjluba ^tlLa ^1 cJj'l)- J*- 5 ! U^J cAj ^° 
v 'p 4ja cJ^-aJ j jUI j Aiiltj* (jjoia.1 (j\ ; ^JJJJ ^M^ll cjj'j j c^^gjuill (3joiUj 
ata uuVI j (3juoLiill j LJjlUll (jjoia. Jc JjJ ; (JjjjSlli 

1999 '"'jjj; ^'j*« t l jU '!:*■' ^j;"'! '.''"<'! »j N " • 1< "'i ' ^jj/^l i di^J^ Ji*' "j^^t Jjp ; ( 1) 

.22 : oa 
. 25 - 24 : o« ' A*-^ ftJ-J*!' 'J^l : (2) 

AJLuijil A^jumja uli\jZl\ Jj j'^"' ' j , " < " ^j j'»^'' . Jaj^^iil (jjjjjUiJl . ^jLjI jjjjiil ujjJju ,j_i i ^~\ n i t 3) 

. 1265 : o» ' 1998 ^jja 6:^ 

. 265 : o* ' 11 ^^1 ' J2j SjL« s tjj«Jl ^jtyJ tjjiaia ^y! tjJaJ! :(4) 



89 



cf$fc\k-/5mkm 



; ^jISII JlS cAili^ CJVVJ ^>Vl <> cU^la tftjjvJl 4-aK U 

<a^-La J ' ( . . . ) (j'^>^ L>* ^*^a3 l^Jl£ 4 *LV I ^ L_lljjui]l ^j-a ^^Ij La j& j _ j^joJI 

/U^la ^u 4^3^* L5' '^° 4jJaall (51 tfrLujI J^JiJ Uj-gJ '*'' (jx 
j^ajoJb dljjuil pi "'^ I g c\ ala I j cLpLjb Uplala>,V AJjAaII J^ftJuo (j<a (JjS J 
LljJjJ Sjjjji <J-£ ^g-3 Ajj^o tllLjV' (jV ' ^-Aj^ is ' < * "■ 'O^ 1 ^' UJ-^- 3 ' U' (J ^''^.! J 

. Clib-LiiLuilLi dibVI £-f" l>"^ ^-?-^ ^^ t5^ J 'W-uiLLa 

^g—S 1 a\ j i j J*Jl ^g la aJ ojjjoi_ali Lb j.i-3 pLJjjV Sjj-juo ' " 'j a ■ a (J—jS j 

1 gJjl j 4 4_-ajLa. j 4<_ajli dlljj (_gl ^g-ic J<nui J <(j'j-^ SjjjoiJI !Lai ^^Ua 1 ^-^1 

p (!)p « CJbi ££ti 

(jjoia. x-a AdlLtll Ajj^I j 4<U^lo}l ■l*-} aJ^L^' (^C- U^ SjjjoiJI (jl £PJ Jaa.^L 

(JJJ^I f^-^ — Ai*i — Lgj jj ' - 1 Ja (j-a AjVI (Jl (_5^C Ajjiill I'u^Iki » "^'< jl£2 LailJ 
L-La-xll AJtl oLx-a £jl j cAj! Cjf.tai ^LjAjS La «2aJl j tp.Lul Cll^jaJ — AjjI — lg-L*al j 

. P(2) P(...) L_SjjaJl AcLaa. j SjjjJl j j^.t,\l j SL^I j 

2L;VI j Sj^joJI j ub^ 1 : M 1 ^ 1 ^baKll jl ^ La J^Lk <> j£Lnl 

(JJ-a. j ala ui JVl j (ala ail L-JJJjSjI j <J^;^"^I (_g-J*-a ^^C- j£jj Sj^bjl j t JjjjjJI j 

j^al (Jjti Ail Ja_a.!iU -aluo j Adlc Jdll ^gli^a- AJjl J^ajuoj ^gic J3^' ^° <Jj' cs^j ^laij 

LgJ*a j Uia xJ Lj-iJa *JJ L_Sjj_aJl -la-Jj Lp'li_J ^gJb Sp.lj_Sll 4_lLaC jjl » la a^U 
4 LaaJl (jj-^li AJjjLa Lgia-a j t LJa-*J LjjJajtJj CllLaKJl JaJj aJ <LaKll (jj^jJ AJjIiLa 
(j-a X^jL^a/>ll AjLjuo^pl ^C 4_jL^U AJjjLa LgJata j Lja-aU Lj-iJa-*JJ 4 LaaJl JaJj aJS 

.264:oa <1:£ ^IJU! ^ ^i o^j^l '^SSjJl! :(1) 
.72 J\ 67:o» 'If >il aJl^l '1997^ ±># 4:± «?j*WI v 2 ^' J J «d)TjWl Jrij'^ 

— <LijjJl «1 jjj£j »jI^-ui Jjji JajJai^i— aj^SJl £jl>sJl ^ *bbU ^jxlll aj^Lail i*Ujjj Jjxil A4ay» Luui jlaJI 

.174:o- '1993-1992 >IJaJl <«^ 
.124 (j* 3 '1994 >lj?-!l '5:g. "JJ^I j AxUI <V> 'cj'j^I J CP^ Cm V^' 'Aa«j A^' i * a - 4 J^ 1 

d.J (jlj^l jtJ Ja.J .rl^A dy-«i >i-43»i '>J tAfrhn 11 aJc L^jjLa u- 4 Q"«'* ti P J-^ 3 ' w *K <ft ^J^ :(3) 

.18:oa "^jj^ 



90 



cf$fcik-/5mkm 



J_^j]| j £1^4*1 : fl*-ttl 



•iUVl 



\ 



/ 



SfljJW - J_£>ll 



L5 lc IgJilV-i ^' '\; tig b j <L all (jc ( Lu&l] LjajU IgjJaaJ a ■ taj (jjjudj ^ '"<- laZLa^l 
^i CliajJl (jjJjlaJ a& j cJaSi Jail] V O^A AJC LaJJfl ^j^juojloll L-ifljJJ al j 

. ajblkl Aita j diilll 



2000 O 1 -^ 'U^ 4jjSx tU jjLj j 4jC!liil (lilaJkhflAll ^aju> . t-ijiLa X«a>j jlaJl ; ( 1) 

. 67 : o 3 ' 1 : £ 



91 



cf$fc\k-/5mkm 



■ ^j^) ju^yi _3_ 2 -3 



(«i j-alj aJJ^ll jlj^ll <«-a j' aX-VI jl ^-JJJ^SI 4-*lll fXcl (jx JJ^I ^.J 

j^ij SI j^J ^LJa-J V 'L^J^J ^J^i '^ ^ ' ^-Jj^l '.' /-'j'^ -^J^' f 1 ^" uiVI 

(j^a aA j_a£.l (CAjI ' *" ' ajil (jj-^J (jl cJ-^j lili .. » ; ^gjL^j^Jl jAliill Ajc (Jj3j 
,13 Lj£ j ( _ /) L-LjOjI j aiajjl (_i (jjfLl (Jl Vj (3JJ aJ ..fllii-ic La-a ^^gJ^ ^ u'j^' 
' 'P « a_Kjl ^JJJ LaJ3 4^al£^.l j jaiJl ^g-JLi-a L^J" 3 ' J^" ^H f^^l L>^ Ci' ^-^ f ' 

p 

4-JjaJ Cl)Ljl£-aj tilliA (jV '*-KjI (_g-JL*-a (_g-3 j-aiJl ^Lxx is^-J^ tSj^ ."^m! (J^ j 
ilia ;'< ^g-A j 4<JjaJjl CjLuilj^ll diJl£ t!llj «-* J .'"^ *'^" A^aJ J ' ' ; uS jijl Ifra-LaJ 

^gjLx^l (j^a 4 ajl la ^g-lc (J.O.ULJ (fiUl L-LJlaJl jJfc j I j-aiJl 4juoIjJ qa j^)2\ ' — llL^Ai 
L$i*a. ^AJ CJLJj^l tdlS *L*jAl ^ j . P(2) P I^jL Jj2 ^1 ^UaJl j A^jlll 
CjUlLal L_aLjal J3 jljSil jl» j»£j t^U^Vl (> J^' 15* AJaaJl Jjla. jjL>SJ V 
dlbjiail ^JJ_J JaJj_l] 4_lj_3 La^jia CJAaJjuol j ^^JJ^jjll ^gil aail ajfrLallj j^'m OjJj£ 

~. P(3) P << CJljUll j J^JI j^ j 

^g.3 j_aj]l ?tfJk-fll ' - 1 ^a jjjuiililb j 4_c.^lJlj j_aj]l JaljJjl f.La. tillj (Ja.1 qa 
^j-ajJl 4juoIjJ AJC j t4_Jjajil JajljjJl AjuoIjJ AJC ?ejJalj cl^Aj I JA >j '-^*<J La^lLaAi. 
» aaJl ; tillj (j^a 4_C^Llll (jj-li ( * a Sa j j La ljJJ-£ ^Ij-Sll c>«3^' Lr -^^^-^ ' - \!^ 
4 j; uj ill j cjlj£_!ill j taj .ojUjI j i J^j' a-atdll j cj^Ull j taj^SSlI j C(jjjfljll j 

(jjJS (j-a tA j;ic. j dllidlVI J tL_lLl3aVI J ' jl ?^VI J cA-iLj£jl j ( Sjl xluoV' J 

^ 'P 4-i^aLk ^jjJC-^bJl j ^jjjjoiLaJl al > ^^ I La-a Ac-^bJl 
o^_cllj| ^JJ_J I gJLatSj tjjjui ^aJI ^Vj-A JjL-a. ^g-^l A-i^La^Jl 4_a!il»Jl 4_LaAl ^jJl-J j 
V 4_jjajil 6A£.lSll jjJ (jl aA^JC. (J^a J-J^l I J afli A-g-JI ^ ^IjSlI (j-aill j AjjaiJl 
4 LaaJl (J_i.b A aj£\\ L_l_l£jJ 4L_ll£jIill ^gJl O jjLaJJ Lajj j A-aKll J£jJu OJC ^'^ 
^| 4jjj^b J*ill t>a j Ijiajj tSlSU . P( 5) P j^iuall Ajkj ^ J^ ^ AjJjJ La j 

A a -v \*< o| A a u n*< 



. 360 : U^ • 1960 SjAllil *6:^ • (J^- ^^ « A*Ja^ . Luaj Jj«j Laa at4-LuJljai 

. 16 : o^ ' 1998 »>l^l ^3:-^ k <_uiil ,»ilc- ^Ullu j UUaua iuj*il 4iill . j , - Uia > ^ • j^ 1 : ( 2) 

. 48 : u^ ' 1994 a 1 -^ '1:-^ o 1 -^ ^f^- 4 '^eji^Vl j ^friLll . uiLLaJl jjc iA3_a ; ( 3) 

^jj^' 1:-^ 't^^V 1 VJ*^ 1 J ,J '("riJ^ 1 ljIj^I t^ 6«j^l (»jf^> ' (j& WW c?"^ <^ i * a ^ ' J^ '■ ( 4) 

. 61 : o* ' 2000 



92 



jail! j|J iAA Sjjljil jUiSU 4JVj 4*-IjJ 4 ^ujSJ) £|TjUl y* 6-0^ ' fsU^I ^ iSJ^ ' J^' : ( 5) 

.8:0-' 1997»>liill : ia 

CJlj^VI (jJlj" j-c l_LjL£1I j^J Uk Iaj dia 4-jjail! JajljjlLi ^LajAVI ^ 

jL£ ^jLla-VI j-« ,>j^' cs-3 J ' AilSJ A-L«Jf. (JjjjuoI (jjij < LiLa£.l^)J j UiV-i ^^jSdJajjl 
^_3 jU.^I IgjJajUJ £A ftKjl CllUMc jx. '**< aalj 4 LaaJl JjAa- jjjjLax>VI jjW-V. 
4_ilil AxljSJ IjjsJ ^Jl i t*JJj J-J3 a g all .^Ujuo c*LoLaJ jUal ^ CJljUaJl j J-a^Jl 
jLax-l Ls _lc ( ^JjIlaII 4-i^aLk ) UJaLui LSIa jJ t^lllj IjAiafl t LjJSc. ^ a La 4_lJj*]l 

cs-3 WjjJ ^ £ii-2 Rational cs-^ u^J <^j s >^ f^W^ 1 ^£ j 

: J^) jU&yt -4-2-3 

la 9 ill JjAjs. ALc jIjjUl 4_juoIjJ ^gi A±a%J^\ AjJjxJl llljaJl LJjjJJ a] 
I alba CllLaKJl ^g-JU-aJ ' " 1 aJ&l 9 i^gix-aJl SjSj Jailll Sjfl jl tlllj (S* " r^J^ j' 

.l$Jj£jJ j Ifrjjl* aj t " 1 a\&> I 

j^a jjj ^ jl£ lil Jkilll jl fJcl » ; (_& 630 ^) ^Vl uHl J>5j 

Vjl 4-LajJaJ La-a J-l£l j-ajJaJj jl j-a AJ Mi 4_La jj£l jL\ jjj ^j (J£j ^ 'cj' JJ^' 
. P(2) P « AJUi] i AA ^Uxll S±jj 4x^1 C^jl Jatffyl jV 

jTj-SlI /g-9 JaliiVI cPW* "* ' , '"- UJ-jj*-^' J Qjj^u-a^l ' ' a '°.; L-a I j ffi t*liU 

< jjjfll jl > Mia cSlfc j* Jatffyl ^ ^jiltl jLa*lu>VI ^M j& ' ^^ fjj^l 

; Jbu AJja ^ jA9 ^^i*^ j* ^jSl 

oAuJ j J-aV P^a aj L5 ic SJV-^ii 4jJj Jic. Lajj j tjjli ^jx xiil liA jJjLai 
jJjlaJl jll iSjAllI A la > nj ^jic aJV^U jl iL-bJaiJl SjS jc Vj J v aj V <_£a]| li-Vl 
(Jell ajuol jjta j 4 jJjSl (jx (Jell ajuol IjOjLa jl t*llj j jjtSlI jx AJajou]! ^gi *Aj| 

_ B BP(3) p J^ ^ ^] J^, ji ^ V J C JA9 jx 

j-a jLalJV^ < *J- ail tills- j<a (jljSj! /^l dllillVI Jj-uiflJ (jjj.uiLa]l JjLa- j 
JaC a_J 4 Jjjui£j 2"-"^ frlJjl L - J - i JJ "^ '(31 ^jVI JJ^' Sjjjol ^ ) (-5 JJ (_^j s-Uji 
ljx-aa.li c jljjkVI J CJljjkV ^j AiUiaVI AJC 4 JLoJl j£laJl £-<^ Aitjj^a Jj I g la 
SjiSl! ^gJc 4_jjlll! AAjj^gJl ClJj LailJ t^SlI xj.i^3 (_^Aa.j ^ ^jV A*j^all (jl ^gAc 
jlj^jl jLiia-l ^g-3 j ( j^lljJU p.LLjl j-a J-i^l jjjj^j Clllj_a-VI J Sj^VI «-\-ijt jV 
jLaX-j t^lc. j±.\ (Jjl^ ^Lljudll Jjljuia* ^jlll AAuillaJl g-l> ail P>jJ^I 

1982 ^J>JJ '^J>^ <*^^ t^JJjxil ^*5bll Ai^Jfl ^ CJlj^ala^ 1 JjJjj> t^Jc t^xk sjJaJ! ; ( 1) 

. 119:t>a 



93 



. 56 : o» ' 2 : £ <■ 1999 £ijja 

. 56 : o» ' 2 : £ ' 4**aJ ja^I t jkil : ( 3) 

: JVjJ) JUsV) -5-2-3 

/) j A ■ >. /> j^ ^ '"•".; Laja jj-^J p^.j^ u'j^' jW^j u' U^U^' (J^*-? l£'j 

(jjLuJ tSj^^ J i6^Ajtl\ alja'VI (J^aj^aS j (jjlaJl Si^ (j^ AjjJaLa JJ-°W L3^*-" 

J j Sul jl 7- C-Vl jj_C llilaj (jx c*JlJA jjl (^glav t4jL£Liba j iAjjji.! AijX. JJ^W 

i^jW j-aill l^JjaO ^311 ^Ixialj^l £jJJ a£j J < P(1) P jljftll ^ ^.J^ 1 J 

t jJaSLTul (jx Uita. *La. Ajlii... ■^Jj' i^j JafrjJl ^j AJ>Juoli}l (j-a IgJfl (JUluV' (jj%. 

aLa uuVl jjail aIV-^I ' '' lia qa \ aa uiia 
JJJ JaJjll C5 lfr aJjlll (jlijSil (ji C5^V^I alauauVI jllJ ^ jjioljljll J-aJC.1 
Ajjjjll Aiuill L5 ic j tl ■ 2a*J AjJa*J (jljSlI jJ-uij ^^Ic Ij.'uV.I La£ cj^joll j dlLjVI 
' . u£ ^gi ^IjSil (j-aiil ^V^l L-uLaJL aLoJ&V' J c JjjJJ 1 ! L-iUuil 4ijx-a j .ALjj^I 

.4-i^aLa. Ac-^bJl L-L& j 4 jjjoifljJl 
■Ix^aa '^ij"^" j cSj^judil jjl^jJC (JJJ -IaJ^}jl ^ Ijl *" "' LauJalj jj£^)!i]l (jl£ j 
m OjjxA\ ^ (^KjI ala uuVl jl^)jj tJjS c SjJJUUJ <_£jj£ll AjiJl JJAaJ 

: jUs) ab^V) -6-2-3 

ale. ^ j cjjjoilill L_ii£ ^ aK ^giljSl! (j-ajj! (_gjluLa ^ tiaajll t5 iajj 

r U. Ill jjA^ J_Lc. Ajjl^VI SjAUall L_aJj±S ali t JjVl ^j-lL CJUuaLLoll 
(JJJ j iSjjjjJl j Sjjjou! (JJJ djlS^UJl ^ iliajlj IgjjjLao (Jj iAJV-^l j ' ; uS j'^l j 
I g LS Ui 4la£^ Ig-ij^ cjc f.^ J£ Jjl (iliaju jl AjI J£ ^ ^»;\;« » AjV' j Aj.V' 
J^juJI ^ l^£A j 4 i& ale lillj ^gii W^ ^ l^J±uilla 4j j a AjSIuiajI aJ tAjSluLa jl 

jjl jSlI (jl ale IgJJJjJ ajIaj ^ j ojjjoijI ei& ajaj ( * a ^ ^ ^ (J-aU (j-a j » 
' plfuij Uiajl j^i t4jjlx-a L_SjjJu j (AJalill 4_a.L-a_2 L-J ma J j sjlx 4_jl La£ 
dijij ^1 Vj ttSllJ IjJlji ^jl^l i.iinn j^*-a AjI IjSIS jjjll JjJ j (...)Ajjjjj 
' ' P« jI^joiVI 0^1 Cj?,i?"" J^C. L_ajUalll OJA (jc (jJjJajx-a (jJjjoiLall jj^ ^-^ 

•B 

www.55.a.net '^u^ 1 6'j^' t^ tr^^ 1 J^V 1 ^>->> 6*^ ' j^l :(1) 

.108 :oa 'irj; ^TJSII fjk ^1 6^1 ' <>j^l : ( 2) 

.108:0^ 'l:jr '4*-*J jj^a1| : ( 3) 



94 



cf$fc\k-/5mkm 



: J£>fl v^> -1-6-2-3 

Oj_ij]| (jj-lj^a ^g-lc j_a.l cJ-^ J '(^.J-^' L)'j-^' cs-^ ( -- J ^.^ J J^J^' ' ; 1 -U JJ (jl 
V j-g-9 ' jLax-VI A_a.jl (j-» ^-^J (j- 6, ' '""'^j 4-^ c-aLuo j 4_llc AJjl ^ > a- S *«»■ a 
AjU S^}jJ3 » ' ^j" ^)£dJJ (jl » i laJ > u ; V c^)->^al3 <_£^)xij (Jjjc xjJaj (ja (jjjJ (jl jP-<*-j 

L-ljjC. ata uul (-1 IA.1aJ LaJ j Lg-IJB LaJ IgJaJjJ dlljiui tgji ~~* 
(jj-itt ^glLxJ *&l l_)Lj£ 4-JJJJ cs-^- (-lil.l uil*l<nil a_lc ^gJ '"''' aull <J-a*J l£J-^ ty^ L>° J 
■133 4 J-«VI (_5-3 A-ilLu j\ t a l£j (jjJ (j£l 4 *J SaHll tv^ajuo j CL_ll^>iajJaVI J ^gj^ajill 
; ^UlS dlUiilLLail ale (jx "a^Luul JJC j}J (jj^j! JC- ^^ " lalaU 

J_aJLa j-al ^g-a *_9J (jl A^L^Jl JaLjJjl (jjai_a. ^g-3 tiljJxLj (j£j (jjut-a. P-^ » 
cillj Ja-Jj (j-a J ciaLjJjl 4_l3 *JL aJ 4 SlLa a L_)LuJ ^glc *Jj jjli .O^aAj aIjI iaJJj-a 
(jx. ^L-aJ Cllp_aJl (jiJi-a. Alia (jc (jL^aJ <^}£j -^J Vj 4-llc. J-% V LaJ ' flKla j£J 
CllCjjJu 4 alia * aL^a.1 ^gJ *■ 'P AJjuo ^jJjjuLc. j L_flJJ ^gi Jjj (jljSil (jji ' Aiuia.1 
. P ( J) P « o^*^? *'™J iaJj tPtnl tSlBS jl£ La j t Aillk-a lJ-LoTV 

^gJc j_kl (J^^ J-^ A^-uui ^-jic> U-J^>f?' L>° ^>°W -^-^ J ^c- ^' cs^ 3 ~^ cJ^^J 
(j^i c Clll—jVI J J^jua-ll LJLJJjJ ^g-S I j alia I p.L^al*ll jjl ^j^ > a _L_ll_J^ll li_A jl ax. I 
j_la.l L-a£ -aLuo j ^-llc Jii\ ^\ ■ a -Jii\ Jjjuoj jjX. ^gijSjJ' L_l_JJjlll Ilia (jl ?ta.ljJl 

. P( 2) P ci j jc ajj f MjJI aA^ Jjj±?. 

jC j_a-J 4_UA<a I Jjf >^J ^a j cAdJA-a Cllbl ^gJc (fl jaJ Aj£-o I J^juo AaJ ^3 lillal 

(Jj jjlll L-LuLa (j£j aJ (Jjjjlll 4-1JJJJ j£l ' Clll jiuo S^C ^glj (JjL-aJ Aijjia Sjlfl (jj^J 
.g^-La ^ g la I (Cl (jjJ 4 ( _g-a.jll Ajj^J - aiuo j Adlfr iill ^l^i - Jh\ (Jjxjij (j-a ^>«aLj (JJ 



. jjjUiil ^ dij jSJj LaS t (|J5U« 632 4iu. ^ij 610 Aiui 6^ : ( *) 

. 108 : u* ' 1 : E ' ^^ il C^ v* ^V ' <^jHI : ( 1) 
: d) J ^ Jjj SjjjS dyjUl ^JUfc : ( 2) 

399 ttuJaJ! 426 : u* ' 1 : S ' 1994 *^jjjj '1:-Ja ' j^ill jlJ' J^a- <!« ^»ai ^V 1 ■ liuL * ' J^ 1 

1992 &JJH ' Js^l j' J ' c5 J J^I tta-^VI dtfl l)^* - J j' J t*i' ?^*^ ' J j' J t^l 6^"" ' J^l J 

. 786 «VaJI 207-206 : u- « 1 ila-UI 



95 



cf$fc\k-/5mkm 



j-& 4-jLjl JA£ ^g-3 j cojjjuo L-AJJJJ ^gj ^gjL-aJxll t *«^ > a all ^jl (j-aj-J (ja-ii 
f.Laixll jjg rt-N L_lA j Jfl j c -aim j 4_llc ill ^gli^a- ill Jjjuoj ^C- J jll La£ c^jljSlI 
^gjLaJxll ajuojll jjl ^g-lj aAj_1C. j (CjLa ui Si j 4jj-aC jjl j ,> a~\) j liLlLa aLaVL^ 
(jia_*J <_g-C.il j c4jjj^aj«Jl CjLa M la ■ a V I t*<aVU.I La£-a tAjillai a jjaJ V is*£jfi J^ 

I4JS ^ J^U'VI j $ljj-ill jl cjjjI j3 diu^Jl ^jtfll ^ CJ£ ^ 

Jjll (S^ll ill L_)L_i£ x-° ' '"^j ^V*VI cJJ-9 tAJlJa a jj uaC ^ ^jjilia a ^jjilja 

t __aJj\jll &\\ 4juojLa-al jLa-a ^li i -aiuo j 4_llc ill ^gl^a - ill JjJuoj l<aa a ^^Jc 

jjjala £)* J ^J- 1 ?-? L^JJ^ '^j ' '"''"'^j U' U^V. ^ ^-^ 'cff^'j^' J^* ill ^^ ■ a (Jj^ 

P ^Jjj*-a jA La jJC. jaJ f.^ ^jc ^ jj-ajx c5^JjLi 

Aij^L l_jL2£1I llA jl VJ ' i»^j U-S jlj^l ^^> Jj^ c^ij^ JSSSI lJJ 

^jl 1 ^^ a ^jLudJV tl£-aJ V A_JJLj^) <La£aJ £J^J cojjjuo j 'AjLjI j t<Laa j c4J"LaI£ j 

Wi c^% C5^ ^^ , c^ £^>J fi^ 1 ub^ 1 c> ^JJ^ L& Uj f j% jl CjIjJ t> 
_ ojjjoi <j£ j AjI <j£ c*Ui£ j c jaJ l_sjaj ojJ*J d£-aj V <cJ^ ci^J^ 

l"\\ AKW «jJaj_J <J_J 4 L-l mai jj mill j tllL_jVI S-^'j^ c3^*-" V SjajLAili 
4_jL_)I j t<l a a j cAjLaK j C(jlj_Sll L_fi jja. Qli dilate iilLA (jV ' <— SJ^VI J 

duS^j j i dila^lxll clilikV lJ^j jl 4-i^.lj l_ aja. LJA^. jla cojjjuo j 

4j«_3j^a ^gi aa ill UjJ ><-J^aj t _ s -jil A-a£^Jl Qc (jSj V "— fijaJl ^-^J ^ «^a (jj 
(—SliSIj j (i^UJ ^j-a JJ^I jA La j-ajJa j cAJja^a (jyuJa j t4-lC j»aa a j A ' la OjlA<a j 
d *■ 'P OjlA-a ^gk aa ill £-*-^aj ja * a <_£ jljj AJl£-a ^ LJj^Jl >«-*-iaj ja-»-a (jli 

; JUj ill Jj% 

. (81-78^VI^-SIJISjl>u.) {£>jiJL*^J 

AlAl CAA maJ JdaJ ^jJllI c pj»-lll AS'Ij^J ci^ 'f J?-^W f* ' "^J ^ L5^^' ^' UJ 
<JLa-^_a j ill SjaJ (^gLc- JaJ' 'A^j^ (jjlllja j jjiLal jll » ■ ZaaJS (Jill j 4 AjjAj j 
.ajj^ll (jljSlI J^i AjIc ajoiLall Lai i P^la*!! ajjo^II jA I JA c 6JJJJJ j 

.87:0* '1997 (J^J '2:Js taJSil j)J t^jJa^l jjhiSHI ^1 Cja.Lu (aluut ^JUinn tjal\ :(1) 
Jl'.QA - ^ 3 j& ^*-« • j' J*> — j^l J (Iw^l ULuaS ^ t,_j jjIaJI JjL& l<va.t v jiaJI ;(2) 

.14:0-5 



96 



cf$fc\k-/5mkm 



. * 0JJ ^\ 3 LV) te ILyitUti -2-6-2-3 

A^jLk A-<Lal t5 lfr Uj*J Lj-i^a ^^ (»•% 4-JV 'Oj^. ^ ^gJUuxll L_l£jjlil] (jj 

t_S-li-lil JiLa (_£J^ AgA (j* U^Jf 3 ' '^"VJ (j£ Si^^ 4-aaJ J <(j'j^ J^ U£ 

. P(1) P j^*Jl j-ail! j (^jll 
I^A j cL_i£JjIi]l l_iUjuoI Aijx* L5 ic ^C-LuOJ ijj^l L-lUjuol ^C L_S^>*1]| J JljjJUO jl 

Sjljj jjc JSIolo j l ~P jSIolo ^g-Jj^ ^J^-J J^ L3^' U£^ Jj ' AjcLoI^.1 

.jLauVI 

A-naJ AjJtaJ j 4 (j-aiil (J^.1^ Jajljjll As, jl ^jc t Lu&lui i Jj^l AjjuoLLa AS^aa ^*J 

; L_JJJjSll 4-luilla (jc ^gjud^j^l Jj% 

L<Lia (Jjljjj! jjii Aj L_ SJ*J J cJjSxll Aj jj^ L_flJjjJu ale Aj.u)LL<i]| Q] aid j » 

' 'P « JjJ^lLj Ajalj JjSxJl ^gle {jla j£ I Jl JjSaa j^l AjjuoUaII j ( ) Jjlj 



Ajjjudj j^i 4 (j^\i 



P(4)p ^Jj ^| 

B BP(5) p ^i>vi ^^loii r <- *n *UiJ! ju aIu Ljjbii j;!,^. j .LbSjVi «^j 

Aij*J Uc cA^MjuoVI S^J*ll CJLuoljoll ^ Aj.uillft]l ^lkj^a ( atlau liUoi 

- AAuillajl j AjiLjJ^aII j AJsjI jll ; ^aljLAjl ^jlalajl 

.466:<>a '1998 OMJ^ '1 Ja '<^ ^»*-« jlJ 'j^uj^l t-iiS ^ Axlll LU2aa t^jilkaJl (|jLf!l sjJaJ! :(1) 
3:^a cul^jil A jUS - ifl laoAJI jljil c^jjLuaa, ljMLuu Jja. jlja> t^LjJl ,jLii4j ■rr*"' ^jiaJI ;(2) 

.29:t>"1990>l>Jl 
.35:0-3 4:^; 'ulj^l ?jk <^ o^j^l 't^jj^l :(3) 

.108:o* «l:g 'djl^J! ? jic ^i flOW! ^j^l oi^i J^ :jlUI : (5) 



97 



cf$fcik-/5mkm 



SjjA-aJ 4 (eJljSlI (J-aiil ata uul <_i ellaJ jA 4j.u)LLa]l ale ^ dliaj]l (jj 
<LaaJl Jj.la. JjLiJ SjjjjJa ^j lljAa. Ijg-ilJl 1J c^jj^jxll ^jl£ IJli t4-liai ia 
^ l^jJaU. i» cJjIjVI JjIaLiaII £jli <Laba-uiJl ^ dlaJl j cAK (j-aill ^1 jJaill 
t*ljJS » ■ alliii La£— (JjJ^a ail Afl^)*J U*£ ULuo (jjjj V ^tjtlJ ^j IjL-ajJ j t(J a ail Ilk 

.- ^JljJl J^l ^ \Sa.V 

: ^ gjj Jb^yi -3-3 



jJb (JJ \±±&j{1 j tLLaaj a j cLiJ^x^a j cLjjaJ cAj^jxJ a j-^ » a (jlj^jl (j^J a] 
(j^a j ±&j| eLiiJ (5'j-jI li-A .Ajxj^ulj o j 7- - a jJb j iA-ic."^ j 4_iJLj *jy I ■ a jl 
(j-a (iLSJ (jL£j Cjjl^ll ^g-3 jLax-VI 4-^ J ' Jj^ pL^oAxJl ( fllla.1 j£a i jJjjl^cVI 
4_jc.!>Ij ^^ (j--a£j sjl aJ.j [jj IjlLfl I aj S Sfl cllp_a.j I aj S 3 4_jAaJj sjl ax. I jIjjuoI 
jjj aM£ (j^a L_1jj«J| oA^C La£ 4i^Ula.lj oJjij ^g-3 (J_J ifljLajjj Ala.L^aij AiUjj 
(jlj-Sj! (jl frLaLul (j--a j/^ c£j-^ "J^-*- Lai c*-aLuiJl ^g-lc- ^jJjLj ^g-3 j c^jjjJu jl 

11a t Lgi£ oIa jLax-VI 4-^jl Cy* <LLajJaJJ La] j a » a (jl^>£]l (Jl £ca.jVl j 

" (_jb 304 ^ )"^MiUl" <(-* 386 ^ ) V^J^ 1 " W*- 3 oL -^' ^J-H 
911 d) "^j^lJI" «(-* 764 ^ ) m ,^l_£j>' «(-* 576 ^) "^^1 

~ p(1) P(-a 

^g-3 j .4 1\ j^» a JiAJ V' (_5-3 (jlj-SlI O j ? * * (jl JJ' a-aul j_-a J-JC -l£tjJ j 
4_JjtLa l— LaJ (iliU cojLaX-j (jc j t^JdaJ (jc (jl*J (j'j^l J'j ^ '^ alul j- aC 
_ojl_aX.j Oj^-J (J^a*J ^JLaii^V t^^Lalc. 4_la^La (JjLuojJ ^IjSJl (j-ajjl 

; (jLoiil I JA ^ ^^JJ (JJ iillLa Jj% 
JJAJSS]! jJj.uLJail jJai jjj jl£ (flUl tiLSJ cAjLuoji] ^^Vl t_l3LaJl jj » 
alxlLj plgJ C^ljl I *'j' aC. (_1 cllljuia UjjJu AlLaAl (_pa*J J^SJ tJjVl ^Juolj^l p^xiaj-a 
(jl (j-^aJ Ai£juLa Aacl ^g-A (jlj^jl jLaX-j 4jLai-a [jj (_^^>J j L_).iVL ^LjAI jj-a jj£l 

. P( 2) P « dij^l JLJI UuJbu 

^■jj l_luiUj '^g-alc (^j*J ft^-iA (_3^J 'cP'j^' o^ 3 ^! ^-">ljJ ^A C ' *' n ' i ; tilili 

(Jj3 (j£j t(jljSJl ^ aLa uuVI jA jLaX-VI °J^J (j^ ^-?-J (j^ ( *" ^% J 'J' ""* " 
(jLoiil lib ^ (jjoiuiall j 4-lJ«Jl ^.Lalc A^a^a La] <U3ULa Ai^j LJjSjll (j-a 1j V tt^lJj 



98 



cf$fcik-/5mkm 



1984 Ci^l\ 71 |ii £slill 4_ul« t ^>SJ) ^IjSJ! ^ ^>»Jil jU^V 1 ' C^ 1 ^ <>^ ' 3^i : ( 1) 

.78: o* 



99 



:^Ij31| Sjfclll -l-l 

(^-a^LuiVI crO*^' cllljlll j taj| . ^ (jx -1-1- 
(j-ajij AjJjxLuiil ajiaijl j <LlJJJ^-"' SjJaijI Qli -2-1- 

:^jiiij^jjlij-2-I 

l^ft^blUjJi^l -1-2 

|>UiniVI Jc diaJl AjIaj ... AjjjS JjI -1-1-2 

aJj^I SjJiill .. ^J^UI -2-1-2 

;4jj^l SjJijll -2-2 

JjLlSII .. ^jUjaJ! -1-2-2 

:<>uuii]l iljai _4-i 

Jjjtlll 'aA*c j ^jIJjII JU-oJl .. ^LSSl -1-4 

:^1 £|jstt -5-1 

(JjUiiilLajl aLl! jjiaHll .. ^gJajJjudll j ^gjuj^j^l -1-1-5 

jjjoil]! i . u£ -2-5 



2Ll^j]| cjLoilj^l -1 -II 
j^\ u& -2 -II 

AjJljSil oA^.j]l [tSj^- ^J»>" -2-2 



:U\J1\ lj&\ l -I 

: ^^Vt ^j*j) i*AJ&\ o^L^k <> -1-1 

jaiil alxJ UaJJjx (j-ajjl alt jjc dlij^aJl ciilJj ^*J Uj (J^J ci^i t ( " it ■ al ■ ^-'^ V 1 

(J$i . Lr-Laa. LgJ a\ .? JJjoilll J jjlj^il (»ji*J f' ' AJjallillj al Cjlilb al iAfir^bHj a] 

^li«a ^gJA.Uaj^l ajLa. jl£ JA j c? LJaJI I^SU j L}C.^J aI LSi LjjaJ ^gjL^j^Jl jl£ 

..... . f 

^VjA (jx aJIc (j£ (_£oJ tL-ulJul L_uLaJl jIjjU diVjLoiill o^a JjL>j cj^-<v. 

; ^Vl£ ^ j i AjjI jSSI SjM! L_iJl j^ Jj^j l_l?j tSlSi <JJ j£j 

4j aa 11 1 S uajil - I* 

. ^LM djljlll -3 
. j^iSSl - « , : ^ ^ j^ -4 



jljSlI alt j 



P (l)p 



^jilll djljlll :< jA a*jjI ljj-1 ^^*jj V aj 51 Jill Sj_kil! c^jl£ lila 

_4j*jujJ j Clla-Jl p-LuoJ'V JaSfl Lj a^lcl (J^a*J 

(_i j tjaia.! Uj'a\l ajL^. Jj^a. ^jlaJiia tiajll <_i Lai -t5 JL^.j^Jl jjlSJl AJC AaJ 

£<ij Jai c^^il djljjll ^ Lai -cs jialjulll j Aj^j <jj| ^^ic jLjl^VI 2^J Ai'-nlill 

LaJ^i j lliAa. jJjoilill ale j (jljSil ^J^C- C^jJCji a&l ^C jLiikVI 

. 36 : o» ' 1986 a-JjJ ' 2 : -^ 



101 



/smmk-/smkm 



102 



/smmk-/smkm 

; Lj_La AJlJa " (j^ajL^aaJ JA<alj *^.?' L ' ^g-a^iLuoVI er^)*-^ illljjU »*«'! jjj 

CllL^aL^alk V I ci^.ljJ - 
Jal j]l Aja^-LoII L-lUc. - 



^ax. tSlljJ .SLuXaVI AiU&l AjSjc ^11! ^jSil! ^1 ^Ic JJj IjAj 

AlaJii 1 aAJC Aj dlia_Jl L_ flSjlj j-1 J t>a > tall ^g-a!^ uiVI C5^J— *jl CjjjjaII IjA 

•^"V. cJj P J^ 1 l— A-lJLoi] JlaJ lAjLucb cAaill J^^al j c jjjoialill j cAc-M Jl 

CIiIjIaj j CllL^alAjj ClAjC LpV .. J1J j tAJuila qa (£j^.\ CllLajl j L_fijl*-a ^j 

_<K (J^aill (_gjluLa ^j A-LaaJl Jj-la. jjLa-JJ ^gC j]l 

. (jAJll hljAuil\ SjJalJl j i A^ujjaai) SjIalJ) £jj -2-1 

'P Aj^ajJaxll S-l^jll j cAje^ajJaj-aJl oA^.jll L-jLuu Ajl&LaJl O^j aSlI Clljj-aj 
Clbata j c AjLa. ^ cl^JJ ^*^ ceJJj^aall *JjJalj-a jJC (J^JJ .JC-Luul jl£ 
AjlJjIs ^C tillj (j.a£.»-Jli to-lb aiul oA^.j ^C V """.'^ o^a.j ^gJC. Ajl&LaJl OJ-b aSil 
Aj^>*jJi]| o^li a£ll ^j ^iaij .LlJJ^. La'jj ^>^VI jA ^Lij^ala cAjillaj j c LaJjii jaill 
a£ajuo LaJ j 'AjL LaJ Jji*lj ^ oUx-aJ JjSjjuoj jl Clmil J-a^j AjI ^^la. cAjjj j^j S^laJ 
Aj]j„a.ui]| S^>]aj]l OJ-Li all I ^ C-uliti c jJ-ajJalllj ^gJall <-_lla.il l-A (____. £tl_a__al j 

A.--..-. 4 a. -*j (_-.-_!! j JjVI (j^J--' <J^L_> 4_£^>x__ll (J-a_ll 

>C-J- — Uik A^ata mj| jl£ jjj j - I aa uila L^aj jl£ JS3 c ^gjljall (J^aill Lai 
^gjj AjI (j£ JjuJJ ^^lll Ajjj <aaul oA^.jll £jl Vj 40ja.Ij]| Sj^ajudll CJlc^ajJajA JJ*J 
_A-aC JJ j OJ^JJ La AJ c Sj^ljjl Sj^ajudjl ^ xJjJal^aJl JJ*J q\ aJ i OJj^j-a I^JaI 

(j^aill jpa (jiLll j i^gjlj^ll jj-saill jj-a A-lljAuill S^jiaillj ^^C-jll lAJ tillj] 
Jjlajjl ^ Lg_&l_aJ'l ' " 1 ■ 2a j 9 (j-sa_j]l AjU±la (jV '°J^. jl ^ ^ kail j\ i^jxj^\\ 
m ASij^. oj&i O^J^ ""\).^ Aj]!il2jjuol ( _ 5 lc iijLl]! ^J^ll (_gj*xill jj-sailli _Ajj^>ll j 
^ Ij^J-a LlC-j Clbaja c (j?J^I Oj^i j j±.\ LbLaJ'l (J^aji ^3 ^gjlj^ll (j-*aj]l Lai 
(j^alll AjLJjiaJ jjLJj Ajjjll jl tillj ^gix-a _ (J-«aj]l ^ » ^ <ft*i J aLa-judJl ^ tliaJl 
(_33VI Ajuuoj AjuLulajI SLiaJl AjljjIij ^3^*-". ^^J^ JJ^' W^ jfijfi (j' <-^ AjA^IjjI 
■ °J^ j c^J*^ 1 

. 95 : O^ - o^l CliLJUui .uUaaJl alAuul ^Jl J^ia . ^UaaJl U-%^ ; / X) 



103 



:^j«— Uj_djj-^-2-i 
: h?y—A\ >j-&l\ -1-2 
^b^V) J d^J) jbbj .. 4^3 p.) 1-1-2 

jTjSl! p ( *>p J£^ Jjjb- > aAZ J ( 276 -213 ) ^ ^ jjU2 

(jx l-Ha-a j LajJalj jjl£ L-lL&Jl L-S-l^i 40jj^a£ <_£^>a^Jl tluljjl (jjSlI ^ Alii (_gill 

( 7 uL^ J) { ^ii'P ^iSii) J Aljiil fULL) 41a A^USu U } 

AjIjj ^jx cs^j' J '^' 4-1L& cjc- ^LxiaJl (jl iluiala » ; Aiiia (jjl <Jj3j 

' 'P « (jjjLtuL La (jjoUil ( *a>*^l j 'Ainll jjjAl^jll j ojj ill gca-aJb 

L_lljjl jSc aJ C<Ull L_Aj£ (JC jjjJcUall AjjL La ^JJUiJ AjL& AliS ^jjl lAJ iilli] 

(jiaSLull j Cjjaill (jA jjlj^il ^^Ic ^^Jl La^ j cCliUlji]l Oja.j ^ ~^<"- Jjl] 
Aia 4-lJ^J La jj£l AiV .AjIjjI J jL>-a]l ^j J^lJJ aj AjLuiLall j L_a!>lIa.VI J 
j^LllI j jaJJ^ill J ' ; IJflll j (Jjlalill j jl*liii V I Ifciafl »; ^jjJcUajl ^jjljLLa]! 

2) P « U&1\ j c L^iVI j u^jjjuSI j jL^VI j ^LLkVI j jljfflll j lJ^I j 

P( 

JjJjuoJ La IjJJ^ j tig ■ 2aa Ij ajL *J c^Vj^ ^^"^ ( a ^."^ ^-^ LW' '^ 
?ejJalj gtfri<aj 4 a a a ^j tJ^V. ^ ' ^Jajl J*^' J 'Aij^uiil Ajjii]l CllpLa.Vb 
^^jxll UjIjJ ^ ^g-alxll (jjoj^il ^jV OjJaaJl jlaa-J AllS ^jjl (J*-H A-lC^iaj-aJj 
^i L_]j!2j ^gjlj^ll (j-saill AjuoIjJ ajlj jj\ AliJa ^jjl pUaluol I^A qa jj£I c^g-a^iljuoVI 
; (-L La ^ tillj ^ la 1L i llj^a. (J^aill a!c AijxJ La-a (jLa-V' (j* j£^' 

( alia ^ (J^ajc- ^*J V] Ai5j-a ajlj !ili c AK ^g-J^J^I (>ail] AJaLuJl Ojlaill 

; Alji& c AS l_j! ja. V AjU ^M£ll jjlj ^ jb JJ 

( 73 j-jil ) { l^> ^ tW J &C# «=^ J ^Jf^ »* J 1 tA } 

; aSjS j t Lpj ja- ^J JUJ ^^a-allj 

{AJ1 L-L^kjl j uiaJI ^ijbC. ^ djI*Aj £l IjfcAa.) j Aj IjjAJ Ulfl } 

( 15 ^-^jj) 

. 102 : O^ *LiU*tail jC diJ&JJ 
jlua X«&i J^uJl jjj j r j*i . (jljiil Jiuta Jjjlj • '^^ Ui alu m (jj Aill Jjfr Ia&x ^jI . AjjjS ^il ; ( \\ 

. 23 : a* <■ 1971 »ji>i^l AJja»J| t 3 : Ja 1 AjAk!l AjjLail 
. 20 : o 3 ' A*-1j j^a»1\ : ( 2) 



104 



/smmk-/smkm 



105 



(103 cjlil^Jl ){ t\j$u j £^ a!j j ULii U£ } : U^jI AJja j 

jAj cSojI j jljil Aj3 tllJjj j^jJl dllflUjaiil ( alia a (jJajxJ jl£ AjjjS (jjli 

jjAj al^J jl£ AjJji jjli cAJajl^)]! jJC. jljjl j 'JaJj Sbl£c jlj jJJ (Jjij l^-J 

^1U jL jl tdii j* :f jjl]l jljSl! ^ ULiaJl j jljSSlI jc Ajj^ - 2 

UljI^J lOaJ 4 a 2 aJ j 4 Aj L-jJala^all alxJ IjL^alal L_]ljaJl t * aW j* 'Wj^ ^ U' ^if a 

^a JffiJl jjoj UUua! ^jj j$s iSI'ij jjSHoll <*!*] P(1) P LJiai < ^U jIjI 

A^jaJl j cLJjaJl j OjLftll j tAJaaJl L-JjaJl CJiia. 03 j » c CjLjVI j£ JaJjll 

C5 3 L_iliJl aIc t ajKj j-a L_ljjJa Aji jl£ Vj J 'Ajlic (JJj ' - Ua Vj ^^ j-a Q^ J 

P( 2)p << ^j^ 

JjJ jA j LajJalj (ilii Ij-^JJ ! cP'j^' (J- 43 ^ C5^ '^j'j^ bLjaall ala uul - 3 

qa Ojlaj La UAi » ; Jj% 4L_a!>lIa.VI J (jJaiSLujI jljSJl ^g-lc- (^-^ j-a ^C 

( 93-92 j^Jl ) { jji*Ju IjjL* ^ 6**^ j4jliu^ ^j jS } 

; C5 Lu ill (JLS La£ jjfLl AxUSJl ajj jl ; cSlli (J L-jljaJli 

aajll IJlA Jla ^^.Ai c ( 4 £jl*-»Jl ) { Alui uiil J£uL4A djIJia 1 

_ B BP(3) p <K ^J^ v ^ j ^^ 

(j-ajil aLajudJl AjjJaS Cjjjj Aj1j£ (-5 AjjjS (JjI l^a^jia (-ill Ljl ■ all I aAi j-a 
o^A tlul£ j cAilUa SOa.j-a oj&i S^cUlaJl CllljVI J cjjjoJI ^j ^Jajj ^^jJl ^IjSJl 
(j-ajJl 3^ L5^ J.!^"' U^-JC 4-UJJJ (jl j^a-all j-a (jl£ cAjj^aJ A^Uaa. AjjJai AjjJaall 
dJaJl ^jouI jla . B BP( 4) Bp B^^l ^J^ ^c- ^J U^Sja. ^MJl jSISjI! jl jafc 
SbSLuillI djjaJl CJJl£] j ja.1 LuojJ L_aj*J Ajjj*J| Ai^bJl J*aJ cASLoiJI oJlA ^ 
. U^ 1 jjg (^ ^ J^ c^ AliOaJl 

. 213 : oa ' ^^1 j^wil : ( l) 
. 360 : a- 3 ' 2:£ 'j^l <^ i*a^> JjSaj tt >ojluaaJl _ ^^ £« 0'-«2 c ' Jj2»l! J^l j^l: (2) 

. 65 : (j* 3 ' A*-iJ jA^a^l : ( 3) 
145 :0 s 1999f-tJajjil jlJJI ^j^l Ljljj£j tU j!j1*I j l^ij-ai *Ajjj*J| AciLil ^>a*il AAa^ jiaJI:(4) 



106 



; (Jjjc.^LuI (_! 6j±SlS c^>j£I oj;Jc. ^ oj;iJlJ' cj^ '°J^4 J la^-aJj jjlS J^i 
(j-al£-a ^IjSil (j-ajJl ^ IjLud^J (jl IjcUalLuol (jjjjl ^gJ^Ull j t ^ kail j ^gjLaj^l 

_S.lJ.la. AdlLaa. ;xlALiA Jl Ijlx^ajJJ j tAlb ajj aa j p I-IjVI 

:4^ jj^jUj-^) t>ttr JlSy» -2-1-2 



Lilt i4±xA\ JaI (j^lSlt JjjI (> Jj <Lj*J;i ^ (-M04 cj) c^^^l j^ 

(jl£ ia^a j A^jljl jLkj) J 4<Uj!ix-a]l Jc J^lta aJAI j t< -ii^ll (j-a JjOxJl 
(jljJxJl (j-a ?tjJalj jA La£ it_lLl£]| i—i^A (jl£ j <(jljSil jL>£-] > ^f^ ^-^' 
Ajc.^Lj LjLJaS fjk Cl±*A\ ^gjj JjaJ (jl tlui La (j£l i^jljSJl jLax.) jjuo L5 ic L_aj3j]l 

; (jjlalci Jc lillj J U£lLa 4-li ai 

Ijjj£ Ail ^ c^UaVI ujjLiVi j t (J SIal»ll ^L^l Jc. jUicVI -1 

aJj^J Jl j C(_£^)*jJi]l jj-saill (JJJ j i JljSJl (J-ail! jj^ AJjtLall Jj LaJJ La 

. L^jJaa.J *J *Jj^ll (jlj^l Jj^> f-ljV t>a*J 

jjj ^ISISI jjlil t3ijS«H 2LbVl J] W^. u' cJ^ 'u^Lill j 3 jUuuall (j& 

.Jlill J JSxJI 

JlS jl » ; Jj% .J.laJl j cjljaJl L-JjLol J] -J^flLllI UJj La IjJjS j 
t*UJ jJC jl cCjGHj pjlill ^M£ll jl L-fijjaJl jAl ;(g^aaH ^3j (filil La U] Ijiu JjIS 
Lj aJalS <Laj]aia (jlj£]l aJaJ ^^A Jul L_fij^aJl (JlLaJ IjJU (jl 4j aAlOaJ (S^jl cJjS 
V Lfill f*rfll f M JlaJ \jLJ Jj (^^J ^J LA Jl jLL^ Sjjla* cL^uLll£ A*jlILa 
^^A ^glll 4 ajjalall LJj^aJl Jj-aJ IjjLj (jl ^1 A^lj (_gAaJilli (^HIS (jl£ (jj j c^J Jia 

. B BP( J) P « . . L^iilb' j t l^ij ^a JLu ill ^M£ jc. Sjbc. 

L_ljLuoVI ^tilai-a-a L_LlajJ j cAjjLuol ^ j^» a (jlj^l (jl ^gJMaUll (Jji 
(j-a (_>aA.VI J cAjJdaJl A^Ludlll j cA^jLuoVI dlLoiljoil 4ij*J LaC ( allaJ V (^*-*J 
J^jflJ ^ (j-a£j ojLaX-j (jl <_£jJ ' - Ua i i A^aLa uul j (jlj^l L_ljLuol (jjj JaJjJ (jl (iUi 
(jjlJ dljlij jl L_ll^>iajJal j\ J^Lli.1 LaJjJ ' J"'^'* A -^a-aj ^^Ic OJJjuo ^ J cAjjLuol 

P p^-ia^<a j p^jjJa^a-a jl i Aj\ j Aj\ j\ i S^j^ajuo j S^)^jjuo 

ajJaJ 4j*aJ jc AlaLuo S^laj (jlj^l L_ljLuol ^gJj ^gJ^Ull J^aJJ La ljji& J 

P(3) P .. ^Lka]l j V^LLall j ^JUJI j ^Ijlll j ^IjiSl 

.158:oa 4:^ t i973^jjjj 

.ll:oa 'l:g t4a-is jJ^a^l JaJI:(2) 
.202:0 s '2:£ '^-^ j^wil jJaJ! : (3) 



107 



; Jj% (J^ill Sjjjoi (JlaJ jA j tUla. (ilJJ jAjj La£ ; t *a-^j^l j 
aJaill ' . Ua C. ^jx I la ■ a j La£ Ia.1aJ <Ja c*La]£ *Lal£ j AjI AjI J JaJl » 

AjI AiV^I J j «3jIc JU^JI J CjjI£ iCJjjil jl ^K <j£a « Luajll ajjij j 

xJAiJ !>L*aj J- aflll c*U jj^-aJ Ja. J i(jJuafljl J] J- alii aJaJ J *JJ (Jia. J^ (jx 

p ( 1} P « Jjjlill 2-iL j L_LlUll 

a£Ija}| J SOfrliLa dj\_jl AaJ Jai tlAAj^atLa OcljJ >C-J CljLjV' ^La-judJl jJ.uij JjLaJ 

. p(2) p"j^VI J L_aii>3! *^l o^ Ulb a^I £^1 (JkSl! t^L* .£ C jlk*Jl AjjU 
Ajjiij Jc. I^b - ^j/Sl jljSJl t> AillkJl SJlaVI j^ij J^Ull t% V j 

Jl J*-a (jx (JUluVI J ' 4-*JjJalj-a J^aJ >G.J (jij^jl aLa-judJl __>JJ4flJ (jl (JjLaJ J °^ 
jlljj Jl jlifrl qa j JJ-Cj J] ^LaJa.1 qa jj^ajiaJl 4-a.jl (jc t * a '*^ j '^>^l 

. P(3) P (uJaW jLj r S^ll L-flJ^ L_al±S i^ks 

. ^UjoijVI - ?M\ - L_i^j]l - ^Lflll ; yill! SjjSUl ^UU SI CJ*Ui 

UlV-i J 'V-J^*^ 3 A? '"''V* J taJaiJl j t( a.^.j\l I^A (jl£ t *<»^ J^>JJ (jl (jj-^ 
AiMjjl tina. (jx (j-ajJl Jl jiaJJ (jl pUaluol flJ^SlI ^gi-MJl Ifrail jl -g "^ 

tdjj J jj£l (3-a*JJ (jl (jj-i ^ta>lj j 

jA Ldjj j c^?^ j' j j ' "** clF" ^^ UJ^. U' UJ J ^J^ J 'Vo^ ^-^^<"l t5^J cJJ 

Aj ijjj^aj\\j 'aJ.^1 ^jC-MjII (jjjoil jJjJaj] ^JfraJl j-aluU (Jl Jj-aL<Jl ^jl£ j 
Ail^ll j ^j*Jl jlill l^j.yjll Jj^Jl Akj^ jSJ t ^1 ji!b2\\ Ak^ Jl 

. P(4) P ^^bll O-J^ 1 t^ «^W J^ ^^ ^^ '^J^ 1 



. 59 - 58 : t>« ' 2 : jr ' J^Ull ji-a^l 

65 — 64 o* ' 2 : ^ «A**ij j.iua ^ il s jlaJI 

70 -69 : u^ ' 2 : jr ' ^-"^ jA^a^l ' jJaJ! 



(1) 

(2) 

(3) 



. 6 : c*« 1993 « Sjfcttll 



108 



: 3,1^1 Sjfc-fl _ tf> jm) cpj-JSa -2-2 
: jJaui) ... ^UjaJ) -1-2-2 
( J* 471 ili ) ^JL^Jl Jj^, Jc jjfcll ^ ^MiUll ^ A^i i>S 

bjaj LuoLuol ljMIjVI j t^JaJJl Sj£al 4.A^i ^ jjaj J ^MaUll jl£ lili 

. P( J) P ^U^JI ^ ^ill SbjjL 
Ail} I aMcl (jx OjjJC. IgjJj Allui j£i AjjJajJl 0J1A j£L a jA AjI t*llj ^^ixJ V 

l^£ljjj ^ AjLj^I Ajj^I cjjiti ^1 A&Ull 4 JV^II jjLoSl j c^jlll 

JjJttXJ UjV AjU£ ^*J ^gJljll ^^JUdX _jjuJ L_llj£ JJ^a (j-jj L^lLa&l Ai^jxx J 

P( 2)p << ^^ 

Lj-iuia j A^btx AiL ^jx (jla-a (jc ? Ij j^X. I JLai Igic Ljjj±ki alia La Lulxjlu .ifl » 

^A jaxl IJUa JilaiVi jc- (»2Jfl jli 4 AJalill Jla JalaJl tjc J ? JjL«Jl ^ Lpa^a j 

j ^.M . ^.4 j AxiaJ (-1 CJ^Ja Ljl^-a ajjja£.l LuSi ? AJx iAj^J La al ? Jaiill (jx 
' * P«.. LjjJaULa j Ajj (jAlA ^jx a^J&lj xj| AJ j tAJaj] JjLjjuo ^ lAjfljL-a 



. 75-74 : oa ^j*Jl ^ ^jL-Sfl jjSijll j <^jV| jJa21l ^ &l» IjS t ^u>a. jJaa&\ 1 jiaj) : ( 1) 
djjJ&Jl ^jiill '**^ > '<t LJLjiaJ j ujxJl -IS. ^jxiil jjSijJl (jjj iajjil *Lt4&i . ^jLuu^uil aLuA . I : ( 2) 

. 51 : o» . 1994 SjAliil t AjLjil Ail£Ul <jjS^> 

. 42 : t>a ' Lusj J^J 



109 



' . u^j3l) q* 4-^.j cjj j ^J c?^J ^ • iA *^. J "— y^«l l>° L^aLv Wj^^ 3 '— a^jJ cs^ "^* 

p (!)p « L_±UjSl! J 

^i »lVul jA (jjJ coAJC aiaill Ajjiaj j±*£ La £jl ^gJL^jaJl a!il£ (j-a ftjJaJJ 

AJC Aj3 aKj f.^gjJu ^>iii.l j ' 'P (J^axJJ AjJaaU aXll (J;ll*J *J^3 ^^A Laj] iAJ'l j Aa. 

P(2) P J^l jl£ UjIj c-jjjjU! V j itMA\ V j t^l u% f 1 lP^V 1 J^ J* 1 ^ 1 
; jl ^1 so- 3 *^ U-^ ^ f <ji«J C5^- ^' c^ f-^J V j! ^.Ijj^s Jta ^U.jaJl jV 

(AuiLoUjI (jjaa^J dlLaKil Qij -^O^ J t^JjJaHjl 4_LaAb Ljtlj (jl£ ^g-jL^j^Jli 
-t5 iL^.^aJl AJC aJajJl Aj^laJJ d^lj a^i ^glc Ic-Laa.) Aaj V t^J £-* J 4cJ-aaJl (J^ J 

Ala x-* cAiAjla dlUljfl «JJJ taJaill *LaK l^J3 tllJjj iS^^tla Clltabjuo ^ 4 alia a 

....... ** 

tijJ ( -* 739 - 666 ) yAuJ*^ : <^ ^ ^ ! *jj^ ^ ■"■* j^ 

P(3) P jLJl (^aSLa ^ a^l L 3 : ukS {M\ ^ 
qa ^jjjj^aLt-all 4*1} I ^.Lalc <La^i La ^gjL^j^ll AJC aJaill Ajjlaj ^ a^ij ^jl AjlaluU 

. p(4) p aJIojI^VI cjIS^UJ! ^J*JI ^J*-a t> a^ii jl j cAjaUoJl CJli^UJl 

L_ll£jlill JJ^-a t^E- jLiikVI JJ^-° ialLuoj AjL ^JjJ^a ail 

. Sja,|jlt 4loJl J1U 
4:oa '1991 »Ja, ;l : ja 't#JJ-»il jlJ ' jSUi Xaa^t Jj^a-a jJau . 4fr5Ull jljuil t^UjaJl jAllil jjfr : (1) 

188 : o 3 • ^^ • ULJ3U4 Ajjjxil Aiiil . tjluA. ,»Uj . jkJI ;(2) 

j 1 "-*- all <Luuiij^ ^jlJJA \; aa II JjC ^j' - *-" . <t£^Ul ^jJc ^ rLuuVI it-uLaJl ^jJjj jSJl cjIaJI ;<3) 

. 11 : o-' 1999Sj»UUU 1 : Ja 



110 



» aaU La c*lU& jjj^J (jl AJ V t jljlLl JaJ^I ^&« t^J (j*' (J^?^ OH -^'j^p' 

; a}J& aLaJ ^1 ^^ic ( _iulj c^Uo] _ 4_ilc ( ajJaxjallj t ajJaa all (jjj 

. P(1) P>VL 

: Jj 3 ^ 

(_gJa. AIajI S,lui j tp jljl A*juo j iAjJUuoV' J CjJ^aJL) A! (j ■ aiij V J tAj^l ■ a ^jLuo 

. P " (2) P«A J J a i]l (!? i J la 1 J 

aj aJl 

.UK 

JjSj C(j^aj]l A£.Lu^a ^ ^gSllajl JjAJ ^^j ^g-JL^j^J] (jl£ iiiUJ ^j-a jj£l 

; !>&* 

t*IxAui ^1 AJail jj-a (Jfuil t^lilS ^1 eLx-a jl£ La ; M^JL} Ijjljl Lajji » 

(jlfr j cAJV-^L (J^l La (j£ ^j-a AjjLjj^a j AjjO^J j ( Sailll t_ijJjJ ^ aKIojI ^'^j ^jl 

". P(j )p«ajlvi jjj 

f.l_h]l j c»JajJl ; ^^A j (J^l^a £Jjl A£.Ljj^ail ^gjL^^aJl jAISjI Ajc ^ jjal 

AjJOaJl AjjjxJI Ajjoiiill AjJ«-ill Cl iLoilj^l jjjS SOxj ILLuo jl£ j t ( _jLuilll a^l£j| 

P ( 4 >p OJl j^jJ ^J C5%>°'VI liia.Ul A-a^S La Mia IJl^J ^^a 

241-240 : u- ' ' cr' 1 *^! H 6, ^ J^V' ^ J ' v**j*ll >^l -^ : ( 1) 

268 o» ^^ *J £»»ll : ( 2) 



111 



^Ijll IJiA JLkJ*l ^j jUiLa. ^Laj j ^L U IJiA 4 i . u^jall ^l Jj^W fLal&VI c> 

Ac.^LJl aLoial (jx ajuo^ll li& 4 mil] (^ £, -V. (Ji (jjj tllj^J ^* ?r j^> C50*^ jaiil [jj » 

. P(i) P«Ajj^l^lj^l 

^j (J-llaHJlj aLal&VI (j-« (jlSlJVI £-i* ^LuaJl alxJ jaiil ^Ijlal a^c (jj (Jj 
(jl£ jla 4 AlaaJl (jjS La ^gjluLa ^j 4-LaaJl (_gjluba (j-a (JLtjJVI J " . V^ J*^ .' AjUxll 
(j-ajJl dlLuLoii Jj^-la ^ (3^1 S-'J*^ (j^ (_5-JLlajI aAc j 4 jaiil (JJJ fASUl 

Ac-^LJl aIc ^ L_all jcc a^*j ^'1 (jxjfl LajJalj ^gjL^j^Jl jj'l jAjj t^AJJ *-° J 

.^j Jill j ^LLJl£ 

(j-a SjliVI Ijijta. (jJ^il (j-jj-uiLaJI (ja JJJ^I (^C- aJaljl AjjJaJ jj'l jOJJ La£ 
(jjjLoJl (jjSJl ^ (JjLi (5^31 ^j-'''-^ ajll (J*J j (jljSjl jL>£-j (jLj ^ Aj^laiJl ei& 
Jc Uir.l La_&M£ jl tSlSi . P ( 2) P Ajjiiill »JA j;;W; ^ ^^ ^ j^ jl£ 

CllLajuo (jfr Li.^ajJaj lfr3 ■"'" (JSj V A-Jjxl ^L>^ L5^ Lj£-a Jj-aJ aJaj]l (jj » 
Aj^jiaj] (CjSij! JjaxII cJ^V. " lalll ^aj^i-a [jl aSIjj! J '^4 j .-^' Ajji-i ^^aj (Cl 
AjjA^. AjjiJ ^.^>^J (_Ci (jc (JaVI (^c L^iLuojl A^L (j-a ^Lal£j (JSj V '^JjC- ^.J*-^ 

^ Vji cjUj ^1 <ijM\ £* iJ^W jji (> AjIj ^k ^Uj^Jl (^ La£ 

l^ixl AjjJiiS A^UJl jJaVl M^'jJ' c^ JJ^' J CHJ^J £j4! jl (JJ t«SJj j LuLall 
(jl^j AjI ^ . P( 4) P Cjlymiuilfgik. lJ AjUI^VI jjitill j ^Vl <^L 
j j jjl Ajjj ^gAc A^J-a dlJl£ ^gjL^j^Jl jAlSJl Aj*J aJaill Sjli jl AiJLl-a jjJ JjSlI 
^j AilJl JjA^. ClljjLaJ j^jJl ^gllill j (jLSluoVI Aj^jJaJ (jiLiijiU ^i ejllJ ^Aj jA 

'. ^^P^UJlJLkill 



. 336 : o* ' UUi4j UU*a AjjjxJI A*Iil . ^j'- uA ^-*3 : ( 1) 

. 35 :<>a 1981 AjjjxSI iua^Jl! j|J cAjjjIu.1 3-u.IjJ t^IjSll ^ uoinil Ac!5b c^jlij^l Cic tjIaJI : (2) 

. 220 : o-a ' 2001 ^yj^l 5ij*Ail pie i SjxLail LIjaII t Sjjaa Jj>!| jjc : ( 3) 

l:o* ' 2000 SjAl^l '1: Ja ' Jj^?JI <_j13sU) jIj t aJ1&1\ ^liU*J) j <s? iti3! t j»ja1jjj ajiI jx- t jJaJI : (4) 

. 35 o* ' c»^' ^UiL»^ j o^l *f IjS t <>uLc j^»a^ i jJaJ! : ( 5 ) 



112 



:iS * — &Hl^lj-jai 3-1 

^C (jk i ( -A 684 . ^ ) l£J^ £^1 jj^l c^ (^UajSSl (O^ jilc 

^kili jj (^is j j±kis igjii t sjaJi ^ibui ^ ^ ^ j s^jLoii JiiiiVi ji^i 

IgJ Ai£t uLail l^a.U Aia SjljJ (_}£ (jljJfll (-1 ajjalajl JflxJl a£a. c*UJ a£a. j (AjLjJalj-a 

Sj^li SjIj j (JjiI^jI ^jic MiKj cJ*^-j SjUa t*jiala]l ^S*Jl Aja ^-^ajj c£^' *jJa^a]l 

'. p ( 1 )p« ( >J! y i 

pi jj j aJaJ - 

(_i c£'J j cl*-a L-ljluoV' J aJailb j JaillLj /gl^l Uj'a\l ajLa. aJ&l LJA (j-a 

jJjVI (jjl A-a-iiS Lo-a 4-lJj3j t^J^I SjjjL-a L-LuUDl j L_il£jli]l ^Jjoia. 

: Jj% 

Aj ^^^ ail (JjSJl <jx Ailltj ^1^-^.j j Aj ^^^ ail (jjoia. aJ^I* (J' ( a ^ c '' J » 
L_1juoUj j 4(_pa*J Jj IfrjJaaJ L_ LjU ^jjoia. j ipbj^aV' Aallc aJ^L^ Sl£La ail (j-a j 

. P( 2) P « ^jL-all l^U ^31! j^x^l t> l^Ubjl 

. 149 : o- ' 1 : E ' J^ 1 ^! JWl « j^Sfl <^l : ( 1) 
. 129 : 0* 3 '1966 o-jj 2 ' A^^uJl i_j3iil 



113 






2HoaJl 



(_g ai.uix 



(j^aill (_gjluix | 






aiaill '''^^ - 



p.Luj| I^A J^Lv (jx (, ■ aiil (_gj*Un.aUJ ajLa. (^J J-^J J -1 

(J-alil (_gjluix ,_]] /%-v ■» />>l 

6.1a. jx AJjxjJu S^JaJ 'A lb ^'all AJ'^jiaJ (J^La. qa jAJJ j -2 

ilgjj Ox£ (Jill <Lp£jll aaAlLall jMa. (jx La iJalj ^VJ lx£ -3 

j aLa uiJVI jjc lljAa. (j-saill CllUjLui] AjjI CllL^ajJ Lax L_l jjSj aAa^J ^glll 

ajb jjl£ 4i£l ijiajuojL IjliLlx ^jl£ 6.1b aiilj AJ'^IaJ ^j -4 

; LjaJI ^IjUll (j-aij j jiuuo jV ^ Ag-3 

llbjo ^jjl 4£.Lb^a j ^IjUll jjjl^J "■ all li& ^ ajLa. ( -J Cjluil ^&J » 

. P( 2) P « AjS] I jlil (flill o^ 1 Jj 1 ^ ^^J C-_»^33l j 



. 373 : o» ' J^l ja^I : ( 1) 
498 : o» ' 4jjj*^ te^l i (|>«J1 it&4 ; ( 2) 



114 



/smmk-/smkm 



115 



aljilk i LgJ£ 0.1b alii ^gJj J-laJ (J-J cAaljll Clilill AJC 6JAJ ^ <»jLa. <— S^JJJ ^ 
» lla^a (JJ-J 4_aMxll ( LuJ £ j i^La-all jjJaJ (_g-lc- L_fl_3j j t J j ■ a 3 ^g-Jj 0.IL1 a £il 
(j£ j g-Ua^a <j£ AJC ^g-cljJ (jl (j-stiL (_5-2jI JajjjuLlI Jl jLuol j tl^JjlgJ j 0.1b a£jl 
^gjj j SaJJ a jLa. cJJ-3 ^J-J^ (j-a J- 1 ^' J J.!?*" J P^.^^"' (j3» '^" ""' ^-^J J '^M-&J 
v Jp 4-v mj j A.»-L-a (jfljl (fill! 4-ljjil oj^aj A^ala mjl j tA£.u)LaJ ^ (j-ajj| 

Jjj^aill jjJ_J A_3*M*jI (jx. ** *j la ^ j ioJ^aSil Ls ia.l.l]l j-ailLj fjLa. aJ & I ^ IJ £ 
Lj3ja. (jj^J jl^J ^laill I^A (JjjUaJJ (Jj- afljl j^JJJ ftjj^ ^ jl^>laVI <jjj AJ'jLuoj j 

. P(1) p c>a _j J_U Ai]>ll ^1 iajl>i t> ajj^. ^a ( 4Jb jli) aJj i_*is ^ £* 
. Coherence ?j$** c> vj^. f j***!! ^ j 'u'j^ 1 ^V» » ™ » jl*. J *»V: j 

{gjauuLlI (j-salll alajoiJj aLal&VI (_g-9 (jj>" " ig-M ^j'°^ f jl-*J (jl-^ ^° LH* 

;aafrLa£ t4j\jW*?» Ajjlill aJ&lLall oJjOaJ ^ LjaJl (Jfuiil 4j (jl* ^"^ <A-aa.^lj j 

. (jjodll aj^ia (jA ^jjjSj ; Systeme - fLkiSl 
.Coherence - jlj^VI 

cUaJl j£ iajljjSl j cCJliM*Jb ^Uaj^l ajU a% ^j£ 

^_a jU wijl ^_jc oA.^j]l aj_£9J (Jjt^La Aj^atjujjt eAa.^al] ;» jl*. A J g a a (jj » 
dijl£ AjU^xJl 0.1b a£jl (jl jA (ilii L5 lc 0-lcLuo (Cill (jl J-^JJ '(...) .J*^' d£ ^-A^ 
LaAJC pjta. A^j 2-all ip-I^^V JajljJ L>° Pj^ LS^I U.!'^^ ^ ^'^J^' -^ tllJjJaJ ^ 
(j_^o ^l^jialLjuoVlj (J^aJ aall ^g-3 I J ^L-a (jiii a. I (j -LJ^-a all f.\jx—ui (jl ( _ s _lj jLjuoI 

fj a '<^j !iLa cA_l£i jj-saJ-ll (_gjluL^«iJ A_LjjJ j t^jj a Si al a > a '<V^ J I > 2a jl aJ ^; 
icJjAJ (AjUjUaJI ci^?^' (jjj ol^*JJ (Jj 40.1a.! jj! 4 aKjl L_Sjja. (jjU aj^IjJI ^j jiaijU 
Lg-La ; frLail (_g-ic a^L^jl ^gJ «_L a j^Uul j tA-aj^J j LJjiljJl (jjota. lilii (j-a j » 

L_a!iljjl j IgjJajU *-* A-aKll LJjja. (_>a*J c i^Uljl ^j ^JajHj a^l£j| L_ij^>a. (jj^J (jl 

?T jLa-aJl oJX-liLa tojl la a L-Sjj-a. ^^.3 4 aJalla Igj-i a^LS t4 <u£ ALaa. *^a A-aK ALaa. 

. P( 3) P « La Jaluu j Aia. AJ3 ^% ^'A\ c^JJJjllI AjJ^a 

.11 : o 3 ' JjSf) (J*^ill jlaJI 4 gtuuJlj o*tt\ j»jfi« CP : ( *) 

. 61 : o« ' 1997 6^ ' lhj^I jl J ' AjjjIu&I t JjU *jaIjj) ' Jal\ : ( 1) 

201:0 s '1983 &jjh '3:± «Ji»21l jlJ ' (|^l «^ljSll t^ A«lj J ' J*^' j»J*** ' jji-sc j^ : ( 2) 

. 222 : o» ' f l*yi jrl^l* ' tr^Uajiil aja : (3) 



116 



^V^-Jl J ^ *?■* ftil J ■_** J ' "• " (^j*itii«all ^gic ata uuVlj r»j^ A^oJAI cj%. aJ 

UiaJl JaJJj-a j CL_]jLuoVI J '^-lalll j t^g *'» all j <■ Sailll j (jjlxJJ JJ^I C5^J ' ^J^lip 

(jjdijjl ^jA j jLa. - 
. P (2) P (S j> AJl j ^ AJl yJ&\ J> jISj&VI - 
4 l»-aJ L-a j_& j 4 J-J^l (aJLii_aJj| (jUjoaJb JaJJj^a a j^- a> -^-^ (j\jt^-"l ^-*-^-9 

oAju b i j fra J L_ijJul (3f JU ° 15-^ ^■j'a'l (»j^-^ (jl 4_iJUx jl 1 jJc. (jjJ UJ-^jI U-^V. 



.274:o* ' Jjty^l ji^l t jJaJI :(1) 
121 : u-a ' JjI^I ja^aII t jJaJ! : (2) 



117 



: J—jjbJl j ^L^uuVI ... ^— Lu^j £1^1 - 4-1 

AlaJJ^a ata uuVI AjjJai Cl)s.l_ai 4 (Jjjllll \±1a L5 1c jLa-VI ci^ t5^ ^ll-^cl ^ g l£j 

: Jjjbi) AA^c j JjHttl Jb^) : ^laia) -1-4 

c*ll_U ^jj* j AJalijij jSlc tlijuiU j l^jafl c( JS>790 ^ ) j^laLSiil jl£ 

L_)lj£]l jjl j 4 jj-lli. jjl j C L_llLaJl jj (jJ^il jljuJ ; AjMj a^Ic-V IjJ^al*-* jl£ J 

Aai j clk^alLill ale J ada ujj j JaUiLuoVI Aai ^1 aLjuoj L-lUSJli cAjUjjuill Aj^alla 
2L«Vl S-^-J ^ JitiaJl jA ;Luluu IflJA Ucl>a tjjjtill J A*J^i]l plSsJ JaUiiuiV 

J] 2uVl *Laic j£ A^Sall CJliMiJl jiljj jt S^b u^jW. u^ ^ cA^M^VI 

A^ljjluoV' A-i^ala. cAjLlaljjludl j cAJajl^Ja j cJjjUJl ^cljS aJai .L_l*jjiul A-alc. 
J j g a a jALa &g£] ajlx-a j&La L_LJajJ [AjiaJ'ljlLuoVI o^A ^g-J*^ j cAjjuojallll 

. p(2) p SWiumll ^LijVl ^ iSiLuill CJl^kJl j 

Jjj^jl ^gj ^g.C-ljja (AjLoLlaJl ^g-lc (JjjUjI JaLuOJ lil » ; (JjjUjI J£ Jj% 

Lai t 4_J Jjj^ll Jl ^'UVI jj| t£jjj j 4^J Mjli Jj^aII Jaiil! jj^J J < (j^lla «1\ Qli 

jl j < Jjjtill Jj% Mi cAja jLua.1 V j-aJ JaiJlla caL% J jli <Vjl -Jaa^l aL% jl 
^ Jl£_Jiil Mi t iiLSJ cs _ic (^j^ jli cVjl J*il is ■ u '"° o (^ic (Cj^j jli tJaalll aLs 

jjaJ aJ jl Lai j ( ..)oljU V Jaiill j-a ^jJ^aLall t5 i«-ftil j cAJ <JjUJ Jaiill jV ojlficl 
. P( 3) P « jLa. j^lft Jaalll AJaAj jl ^juoJ Mi ?1*1\ C5 jJajLa Jc 

- A^jIaJI £>«Ja - (ja il:jr. 1 .lia^a s 1997 A\jJj**J| tl;Ja t^Uc 
.151:oa '1999 ft-ajjll jl^l 'l:Ja t^jxil t^^l JSj^l '^*-» fJ*li»ll' ^^i« i»a-« t Jal\ : ( 2) 

. 333 Jl 330 o- tP) e»^ ! ' 1 E ' 3^1 ' isUllj-JI « <^^l : ( 3) 



118 



(jl tilSJ (j-aill ala mil j t^jljjJl jLa all j (JjjUiSl AjLaC (jjj t5 jJaLaill iaJj 
' - ^ 4 'AJjjll AjJjIjJJ 1 ! ojilJ La£ t4 aLa uulj (j-ajjl U^J" (j£ ^"^^J AS^C t3lJA» 
In aLall Ij& j.Lu <J$-ui LaKj cAJjli ^1 ^LaaJ Ij^aLa AjjuoJ L5 ic 1 _ll laajl (Jjjtj ajlj 
^^i*^! L-lUaa Si ^^ic a£aJl ^1 US-La jljjlj <L£j* LjJJ CS^^V Jj^alall IJA jl£ 

. P(1) P «aauaii a 4jL 

Jjj a Si pLjajLj al *aJ &VI ^ ^;^ udjl AJ_C ^jIajSI Jl a aSl J^-J-J J 
eJA J^la, ^ >j T - ^* tjjjT^jSlI (j-ai3l ala lujI ^ Clla-Jl Hal c^J Jjj^all pLJajl j 

; AJC (Jj% 4 (eJljiul (j-aJJj SjJaJjl 

^Lj^aja (...) Ajuoij fjk <iuiaJ V jUxSl L-luiaJ .la.lj a^l£ ej^ajuo g-l^a. (jl » 

4_a.jJ (_>ia*J ^^ic AjJaxJ a^i L_ifljJJ (51 t*.3ilLttII ^gix^lb l.la.lj (jj^J (jl jLuc-VI ^ 

p l^ajl (jx 4_l3 c4_lic. ;J^*J' aid (j£ (jV L5^>^' S^)^" 1 jl ^>^' Aj-ia^ ,j!' L ' a 'V 
^i jU»j\I ^Ic. L_fl3jla 4 ■ 2a*Jfl c*13i£ jjl£ IJli i CJUaXaJL) JjLa ^Llo ClAjjjjjJall 

IJi^j toaJj ^l£ aK jljSHi 4 0a.lj *!il£a t*iSJ£ jA U ji aJU^ Mi c^ill 

. P(2) P « jW^VI 

*J±S V Sjj-ajl o^A j c da. I j aM£ (-Jljiul (J-aill (jl <j»JJ ^^iJaLuiil (Jl Jaa^Lj 
j^jjuo j dlLjVI cP 3 *^ J^-"^ cs^i W^J c£^' cs^^W C3^*-" ^j J .(J" 43 ^ t - J ^ (j* 
Lo£ i^ljlll jj-aiSl ^ aLa miVI (JjLuoj qa Ailuij jlj^lSli CilUJl£ 4iV J 'tij^-l 
jjljlll (jc aa mlall da.lj3l (j-aill oj^a Clljj£j A9 j cAjJAaJl dlLoiljoSl t*13i C4?J^ 
jLudJVI »1 > ;-ir.J£ Lja*J 4_.Ja.xJ a^aj J-aj]l IJA) P ^P ^jJalj^l (jx JJ^I ^ f^J^' 

.( 

L5 la. JajljJ jA j cj^juJI j dlLjVI -^Ij^J ^^jiaLudll aLajAl jJJJ liA qa 
(-ilaLiSl aLaJAl Ijji c4ju^jjl]| Ai^alLa L_ SJ*J (_gjJl inja ■ ail (Jjjull AJC ( aj^Sj 
Jajljllb tlili^lsul jjLaJJ V '(J-aill (jjAjJaAJ LaLajAl j^joJI j dlLjVI JajljJJ 
jJJ^llj (_gS% ( _ 5 jialjud]l (J*a. La jA j t Lg 4JSla]lj aLajAVI (.>« J^J V Aj^l t^^aj^LaJl 
A-aKj "'**■»" ^jic (-JljSlI (j-ajjl JJJu ijc jJC jfl j _4_1JjJlSI (Jilij! CllLj^jiaJ Qa 

.Oa.ljjSl ^ Aljaj 



275 : o* ' 4 Jla-»ll ^ISllj^l t ^Lill : (2) 



119 



( 35 ^Jl ) { °£}J1 c%j Aiil j£j IjI ojJJ! } 

4_nla S jA j AjjoiiJ a£j d^ljoil Lajli .( ... ) La j j Uc. j CliJ^LjJal <_£i » 

. P ^^P « ^a.j (jc 0^.1 jjJl I JA j c^UJLa. jj 4jJafrJ j 

<_£jlia AJac ja]I ' yjfuij ' . uSjI (^i J- a^j (jjjj j jju <jVj^ uJ-3 » ; <-Jj% j 

(_gl AiaCjA ^a-uiJ 1.1^.1 Clijlj lili ( ... ) 2^^J" (jJ*-jl J J* J ^j ^^ <jV' (j* •ilaJt 
is & Aij Igjl i"l«lr. ^tlU-ajl t flluul L5 ic ^Ja La jJ'V AjIc j^ la-lS cdul£ AJaCj-a 

. P(2) P « ^jll Jji 

:^b^V) J) JVj1u,V) t> ... ^j p.) 2 -4 

ojju ^ ^^jialjuill (jc (_a 595 -520) -^j cl^ ^^ * -^jj' jji ' '"^j ^ 

: jL U tSlSi (Jc. J^l j p(3) p« y J]U]l *UJl dii^ t> aJ UIIj AjI 

1 ' aW .?* caluuill ^^xJl lgj\j\\ ^1 Aj^laJj j cAa.jjJu ^ AajJJ (jl£ - 
^^A Ldjj c&gi ^.^juo (jc. t!llJ ^j^J a] j cAdJjaJl ^Al^uilb lAjJxJ j cAjJlJjjil ^Al^juoll 

.A^La^iLuoVI AdJjaJl AjjLiJaajl 4 *■ aA\ 

jA j — (j£xl jjj— AjjotaJl Aj^aall j c^g-iJxll cy^W °J^' &F"-^ J 'JV-^iV jA 

.Aj^aall j i JS*J| ^jjj » aaU Ajuoj ^jjl ^-^° U' '"'."j ^ 

1997 AjJj**-il tl;Ja i^Oe- ^Ji jIj '^!%!l Jjc £y ^L< JjSaj t^LuajcVI t^jtil <fit) : (1) 

.340-339:o- 
.357:t>a '1: Jl?-»l! 'A^iJ jAux»Jl : (2) 

.60:o» 'l:s; '1983 jJl>ll 



120 



AeliAJ AjoSj (jj| ^jl (J j£}l (j^-oJ J » '-LffiJJJ^ 111 J^il JJ^' C5^ °J^- J ' " 
Sjjj^aJ t(J-Ujaul Ag^a A9 Ajjauil j cjaxil ^jic jUlC-VI ^j AjjCj j tAiuuail (jc 

*jUiil j jj^ic (jjjLudil ^jajjail ^ 4_ijjjjVI AjAixil Sjjjil ^j SjjujLx jjc. 

. P(1) P«J^ 

A-lLuiiiil Uj-La j 4 4_La!>ljudVI Wj-^ <<JjUojil j ' ; u£il qa JJJ^il Ajuoj (jjl <— ail 

L5 ic Sj.19 Ala-La 'AjjjlJ j AjJjl Ailaj IJ lilij ' -IJta ^1 jjl£ j cA-l^LtJl UiLa j 

-C5 jj*ii l_uvi j ^UjJi l_uvi j£ AJjUaii 

(jia*J aA.jJJ jjl .Ivij (jjl (JjU jiajuojV jjuuuI (j-3 (j^ajlJj ,_a3 
J] UliaJ jjll fJ>jJa - ejJ> tSlSi J] Aluuo US- cA^jjtil J] AjjUjJI <-<U\U.^Jl 
^ "".!"" ' A-&3*j!iil jc .jjujj ^jjI jU f.ljjoi j ' f-' ?■ g " (^ij UlLajSJI A^jJ" J CftJA<ail 

AjjUx l^_jU coJaxJl jjj ali (ilij ^*J L_lAJ AJli cAjjjC Aii^a (j-aiil ftia a] 
Ul ^^J^-*" £ jaJta 0.1b aail j^j^a AlAaJU j 4L_iljudiil p. j\a> JaJj jA j 4.1aJjii» 

p ( 2 )p« J ^VI c> ^^ cjjIJ>=JI J^a j$i JaJl 
^giail jaiib JafSjJ bUba <_i jLjuojI *IjIj Aj^j ^jjI ^jUluol ( aj£ Ja^^Lj 

AdJail eOa^jil AjjJaaS 
p Ijjl j£j j ((JJJaJiil j tSl£U ail ^J^i-a L_alaj Jai tt^iiij Ajoij (jjl L_ fij*£j aJ j 

ja jvai^vi cjs ui j .jSiiL ^ ^i sisu^ii i^i, j t cji^ui£ai ^i sisu^ii 

ja j <vvau o*j Sj^iiib ^l jiii Lajjtiii jii cAij*ji ji j^ji |> jisssyi 

(JJJ jiajuojLj IjJU AjoSj ^jjl (Jjjaj j .(J^UaVI ^^ic L_aj3jil£ JJJ^ ^ja-Jl jxjJiil ^ 

o^j^. Cy uj J ^^ U^' C5^W. u' JVii^Vl (ji (jjj j tSjtaVi j cjV^luoVl 

^1 Ala JlalJVI pJ oAxia ol£U aj ^J>iil Sl£U-a ^^A SjbVI ^JJJ "-^ jjl^U-^i 

.AJLJai V Sl£U* Jlj Alkiaail Slil^ t> jtUlil JIS331S .AJl£U^ 

:c5 iUj Aija c o*ii ^ Sjbyi J^ j 

.{ jt>S <> ^} : ^J <J\ ' { ^ ^"SHia Alii Lj^a } 
P(3) P{ &11* ^ui ^i Ajk Jj^ } ;^iUj Aija JVIL^VI Ju j 



.404 :o* '2:j? <jj^' t^J-*^ 'jj*^*^l >« (_y^ J^j dy! jjSij 'J^& Ja^ .^■mi :(i) 

'1967 sJtlJUl v^jxJl uUSil jIj tjUfr il*a ^ ^ j£^i j^U^jj^J ^Jl^ j ;A^jJj j AjJUjoil (jfr A^&Jj *ja£ij 

.216:oa 
.218 -217:0-3 t A*-iJ jj^aJI :J 3aj| : (3) 



121 



j*JA\ ^jJ jl£ Aj| ^>li .fciaJjll Sjjj^m (Ja.|j t^JllaiaJl CJli^b Aajj £j| 
pl^l ^\a1 j "^^Vl 4-lUaa Si So^.j " ^LJaSJ I g La ^ jjiaJ J j cAjJoj jjjl 

aLc ^ (1788 -1707) ujjA ^ j^ -^j a? 1 -^ cA^' cs^ 1 u^jj £jj?> 
. p(1) P«Discours sur le style - «-jj^Sfl ^ Jli*" jj^l 

<JjJaj]| e^A J^oj^al ClijLc. j tl—lt kaJl j (j-ajjl j cL_]jludVu Jj^*-" L^JJ J 'P^A^a 

.4-La^iljudVI Ajj^jxJI ojUiaaJl £.Ua£ ^C ^j LiJ JjxJ ^^jJl 



.196:t>a '2 :Jla^ll '1999 o4>> '1:^ '(^Aj ctfl j-">> ££■) 



122 



:^Ljit ttjto 5-1 

(_i dllaj La-a jj£I (jljSil ^jic j 4 jjjaiilll L_£i£ <_A (J-aill ale jAlia-a dilaj 

( Jb^SO 1 — ! ) ^g-JL^^judll^ cbtJala Liaij alxll I^A (J^aij (j-a ^-^ <Jj tCllLlu)LLtt]l aLu 

. ™ 1 ^P « AjOjli jSa.1 j Ajj^J j jjf j i I JA Jia ^aj Jfll La j » 
( _A 324^ ) wJJ.^ ' L '.?'^ J^ Jj' ^*V' JO* CllLbuoLLall ale jjjl (j-a (J j I Lai 

t> j t (j!jS]| al£j )4jL& ^ <( Ja 542 cj ) i JlJ\ ^j*l\ txJiJfi 
c^j'J 1 Ui^ J^ jj^dl LjLu ^k cjLjVI oJj cjLuaLuSI jljAj u^-all 

.(L^l ^iiLLa) ^ « (Ja606 ^) 

: pljiii *j — jg j ygjjj g — k -1-5 

; t^UuAi J ) aj*j jJaHi) ... cylaj^) J cr^jj^t -1-1-5 

' " 1 > U.1J j ala mjyi aj^La (jx j^judll j dlLjVI (JJJ 4-luillaJI aj^La L_l jjSj 
iiLuoLalill (jjjaaJ ^ M uU ^jlll (JxljxJl aAl ^j-a ajAljjj ^ a ; ■ a J ^Ij La£ 4j.u)LLall 
. eStti JjjaaJ ^ a^joiJ ^jll Jj j*j| a JA ^ SiaA\ ^-A Jj < P( 2) P ^ ■ ^' 

4jjj)LLall ale Aj aHaj ZaJ ^IjSlI (J^aill ala mjl ^ Clla-Jl (jji <_£^>^.l SjLuu j 

AkjjJall AlaaJl oJjAa. jjLaJJ (_gjluba 

jISjVI )^Li£ j <( 794 cj ) ^j^a ^011 jj^l ^a cjli'VI *Lak ^1 ^jjll 

L-JjSlI aAl^ ( 91 1 CJ ) ^aj^Jl CjjA\ J^L> a^U^I j^ (cj'j^ 1 a ^ (/ 

al*Jl ligj bjfll La^*J iUjjJaJJ VjLtJ Ajjuollall ajfr ClJjLlJ ^^1 jljSll ajlc ^ 
jb£ ^j-a ^gJajJjoJl j ^gjuj^jjll Lj^^C lij lilJj ^*J JJC- ^i '4-J AjL^La. V y^ak 

is Jd, % Xu^\ ^^jxll cllljlll tgk (j-ajil ale ^^>]ala 



jj ■■•«*<) aic (j^» 4j| jjJt j <Lljj3l (jj& (JJJ ^^>ti • JJJAil JjS . ^Jlijuiil lAa_4 ^ ^jp ^jj X«a_a ; ( X) 

. 95 ' 93 : o» ' 1997 '3 : ^ <■ <2j«-»il Jj « lhj^I <-i«jJ « ^l>» 

. 101 : lh 3 ' 1 : g ' 2000 j*— * 1 i ^ jj ^^i ajllsi »ic . a^ijjj ^^a^ , jli : ( 2) 



123 



Oj JU jAJJ cLcIJa (jl£ Ha jj£I 1 aula j IaILo (jl£ ^gJajJjuJl jjl ?Uaju3 

ale CllljLiJ c _ s lil jJjoilill ' . L& j AjJljSil tllLoiljoil ^Ja ^gJajJjudll j ^gjui^j j]l jlilLuol 
aiaJl logJ Ajjiajj! (JjjjuoVI 2 Ju ^ a J^ ^^ J ' ^ ••'''••• ^ ^J^' 4-^-^1 

J£ij| aJ t^-JUlllJl aJc ClJjUj (Jill frljVI J CJlaijAll aAl j£ij ^gJajJjudll Iaj 

<_$V Jj^"^ A*JJJ cl^ J Z?^" J tll^jil oAjh j tllilaJJaj ^-"^ j aJAILojI Saij ia ^1 

• JJ^^' °^ U^ f*^" 

pi J Jl QA (iUJ JJC. jl C^Lik jl C^gJOlA. jl '^j^C (J^a^ jl 'Ac W^ -^J 

jjj^ill j tJjlauoJl j '31*11 j ct_njudJl j < t ^...K <tr 5AiJ| apllll jl CJtaM*_]l 

P ( 1) p« ^J j (jjAjJall j 

ClibVI j 'j^juaII (j^ -^J- 3 ' ls^' (JjIS^I*jI pljJl csJ^jj^' ^Ijfl J 'cr^J^^' - i - la ^. 

: c^U^. j 

(j.a£.»Jl jl Axil Jj p. 3?Jl (j-a (JlflJJVI c5' '(J-^La> jl Ac -^Ij - 
IgJli al aj ^ja JJ^I ^ ' * a ^'* V dllS^lxJl ei& j --L5 llia> jl ^gjoia. jl ( _ 5 lSc Jajlj - 

AjLuoIjj ^ "tdjb jli " ojaa. Uc 

' -njuLftll j l-UjuJI ^ — ; ^gi&ijl aj^Lljl - 

. Jj1*a]I j <]*J| ^_ 

. OD^ 1 <- 
. ^Pj^l <- 



108 : o* ' 1 : g ' OljUl ?jk <> cW < <A*^I : (1) 

. 108 o» ' l£ 4*-^ 5»>^l : (2) 



124 



JabjjVI < '""'^j ^J^> UJ^' -^ J 'U-^jl J' cpa'j^C-V jl j±ui*L*]l jl cll^Ull 4a. j 

jlaj V J .i>a]aJ* (jjuta. j i ^jJalmVI j < ^ ■ 2a**]' £ cAjjix-a (jjljS <J*}la. ^ L^-ilJ 

_lA^£jJ j ojl£al aC^J 4 jjjoi]! j C1jI_J V I qa AjlliiaJ ^JlLal aJJ^J (j-a ^gJajJjoill jj^"< 

: ^ J j3L 
L_lb (jx p.|j*juill j CLJljcV' ^JljjJJi ^ La jl j$JaJ l*i$J J ... » 

a-aVI J frLuJVI J^3 Jj £•! JXj^I ^jl J t ?ul . . . *Lal 4(_gjudj-a aji* (jx j 4jj*3J 

4 ■).]£ uj -JajljJ j^C L_aSj AJxa. il^cljjl j Jajljj]! AaJiLj ^gJajJjuJl k^jlj^j jjj (JJ 

Aj^aLa. AjJjj^a]! j cA^jLuoV' dllS^lxJl j-lJJ .LJajl 4j±*£jJ j 4 ^'jj^a J 4 r^J^I J 

L-AjuoLj ^ «JUaAjl .Ix^alj-a ( _ s JajJjjul oLajud La jl iLj-ajlja. j jjjoi]I £E**lj3 (jj*J 

; ^iLkJl j ^ULJl 

Ig**]*** J^-laJ La Lg-La 4<jl ^5""^. Lj-LiJ La <La**LaJ SjjjouI AaJli 4j.u)LLa 4_La j » 

. p( 2) P « jljjfl lJ^LV " JjSLa > L^*£ ^^iui "^ La£ LLal Aj 

Sjjjuo j clubail ,_jjjjud (jjj **j* aj) al a > a ''V I j ' **J' ^" <a£-Lilil jAJJ La£ 
( 4j]|jaJ| SjjjlujI (j Aik-alail (jj^2i (Jl^ib luLail Sjjjui ^fl ****** ' - lia <(j^a*2la.VI 

(j^a*}la.VI Sjjjoi 

(j^aL^alkl j Ax laLall L_Sjja]b jjjoJI (_>"a*J ^LtJiV IjAuiij ^gJajJjoJl ajiL j 

Igjl aK j*3£l (jll <lg-La L_ajaJ CIljAj Sjjjlii (_j£ (jl ^^ J '^J tluAJ LaJ S.}a.lj (_j£ 

'P L_ilJ*jl SaiL CllLaKll ^j-a l§ja JJ^J La] 4j CllJdJ 4 (j Ojjjui£ A} <JjLa-a Igijja. j 

P( 

xJjuaII JjjuaII ' " 'j a > u Lajji t jjjoJI ^JJJ LajJalj jAJJ La Ajlaj^ll CjUMxll (jx j 

(_j£ (jl J^ J '^J dii-ola.1 (_g*iil (j£Lu£La]l ^jx (j^-ilJ La] ajuoVI ^ t^jljluaVI ^^ P^- 

j- ajjll j (JjJaJl ^ jJj\*La]l 4-ljLlJ *-a L_l\**£]l Aij^a jl L-lUajL Cllajaluol L^La Sda.1 j 

p ( 4 )p e Laj]l ^ e M£]l J£L*2 j 



. 110 : o* ' 1 : £ ' J^""* 1 j-*-^**! ' jla*l : ( 1) 

. lll:c>"l ^ A-i* ja-saJI : ( 2) 

. 113 : o-a ' 1 ^ ' <*-^ j^wil jlail: ( 3) 

. 114 : o 3 ' 1 & A ^>& j±***l\ j**"l: ( 4) 

125 



; <^j AijxJ ^fj^Vl f& La£ U^!^ 
"abl -a -^" j^xlj (J^aill lJ^A <_$! coj^juJI A! ' " ''a j > " (_gill (j^ajill 4ijx-a 

' -IjUaxil ^ ^*Jl j <-_lJ^I ^ CllLaj£a]l t!llj L_ul^a -3 
^^ic pMJaVI JJIaJI (jx (iiJaJ j c SjjjoiJI (J^ajC- 4ij*-a Ig-a&l ; <— LjVI J JJ- 



<La^ La-a L_J jjL <U*-av 4jjix-a al dul£ 4_lKjJu Jajlj^jll ^gJajJjoJl JJAaJ £jj 

:j jn,^ )ui^-2-5 
_AJ'Ulja J^Iij LuiLuil Jajjj^a fjj^Jl l)'j^' -iji^ ijV ; j^ > ^ ■» V I j jj- ^»Jl j^*jj 

AJjjaII (jx lg-ia ill J*a. ij AjjIjSJI AJaaJl jl cA^Ij^l SjLaJl jjl tSlli » 
Igjfl Aa-J j ) jjlj^il UJ_>J ^^^ C5^ (_£jL«Jl ^jaJl (JSxal Lj "3 a j ' - Ua J 4juuJ| j 
( (jljSlJ ££jUi <j£] j-uiLall (J$-ui}l <_£^aa]l f^W ^° 4JlAa>j Oj^a *jjjj La aIulajI 
4JC i ' a ' ! ''^; La] «joLj La <Jjj aaJl j AxjoJI <jx AjjIjSjI aLlsJI ill p Jjl IJA *^ J 

*■ 'p «jjlaJ ^ ai*Jl AjiLj La j (3^^^ L>° L>° j^' 

; Ljia jjjicjj jjc ^^>^3 V jj'" a ''" (jli i ftjjjoiflj j (jijSJl Sf.lj5 .Haj >c-j j 



. 110 : O^ 1 JT' cJ^^ 1 j^aAJl t jJaJI : ( 1) 

397 :o» '1999 S^aUSt tjjjj^l jIj t 1: Ja i fJaxl) ^jljill 5^ <>Ujj uLS t^jUijiil uiuijj • J : (2) 



126 



/smmk-/smkm 



cjjiu rfji\ j^ < 




jjjUiu jiuiji) 



j 
j 

) 
I 

J 

* 

o 

B 

) 

j 



127 



/smmk-/smkm 



* 






j*- 



«&ut 



. jij^W jrf*-i3ii 



(jfr <_£jj ^ J Ajj-iill AAjuJI aj 44 alii tjljSil C5 ifr jjjl «l\j J—Jjailill AjLj 

CllbVI (_j-lJ AauiLL^Lj j ,!J '" a^ajl aLu&l <J_a-A_j L^jWl j±uiSll ^JAxia j 

(25- ^—) { l^Sliii ^jii yfe i»l tfljiM 6jjf& 3i i } 



128 



AlLuOJ J C(jJ^il J AiUl Ajic- .Icljli L5 Ic ajL AjV ^J"^ a ^l^jllj JJJOlflJ J&J 

fijjaj jjl t— IfLj (Cill tdlllulllall al*J *Jg a]l jJjoilill qa Ja^3 Alul ^^J 

AK L_)Ij£jI ^gJj SjjjlujI j AjVI Jj-la. jjlaJJ dljl£ c^gjljall (j«ailj (Jj.aluj.all L_i j*J! 

j_^.Ij lJ_& Jib JsjIjjSI j CJli^UJb UUlAl ^UiVI jSil! LJjc J$i 

? Ja. j jc 4 jl a>lu) <Ull L_)lj£ ^Jc c*UJ (Jj.alui.all j L_l^)xJl L_aj£ I alLa 



129 



/smmk-/smkm 



J^Jlaak^jH... (JJ ^l\ -1-2-5 



l-jUS JjJj ^a JASII » : Jj% jl£ j ^ijlb j^iSSl J] UL VI j^V* J^ 

(illj aLS (jfllj jjl j -aLuo j a^ <uil C5 1^- J^juoj jUj V] 4-alc ^j-V. v l£^' ^' 

La aLjIj ^ (illj ALa (jfllj j) j caLu V LaJ (Jjta eUx-a (j* 4j ill jljl La aLjL* ^ 

. P( 1} P « &Uau> t> 4j ill jIjI 

(jx ejjjoiflj jlaj ^li t ^jxxijl j cAiillj LaJlc j cLkjJ^a (_c^)±laj! jl£ 
LjLJaSil (j«a j 4Ajc.!^Ij LjUiafl j 4jjI^>cI (JjLoia Qa J^J V ba£ c^jxjJilb jl g uU > uV I 
jl£ lij j » (Jjk-ajil j J- aill AjjJaa i o jJ.uij LjLu ^ IgjJj jAub jl£ j^jJl 
t»jU>i <_£^>±iall jl£ j idllp.|jS]| aIc j- 2aa ^ LuiJ Jil (_Lwajll j J- aflll ^tliaj^a^ 
liL^aJJ — Jj£j jjl (-juilajl (j-a Ajli t jl^Lajl IJA ^ SjJJ^ J Jg-?> ^ J fJ*lt ^ ^ 
IjiiXa IjIjj ,la.j Lajj 4 4jljl£lLI qa (Jj^ajll j J- aill SjLa jj^J VI — 4Sj£aJj 

. P( 2) P « aSL^j j\ fuJa j AjLu^I ^aa. j L_aLjali 

L^aLaJ&l LU jl£ j JjuajJl j Jx^all bUJall A^MJl CjLJjjJl (lLaJAl t*iSJ£ 

4c. ^L ^jjj Jjjjudilll 4c!>lj jjc tillij Ija^j^aJli cCllbjLaJl t *«^""- jjJ (jAaJl ( * a ^"*J 

CjUKll j^ CJli'M*JL ^li t jUll li$j J^aI jSa j^iUl Lai « p( 3) p <-±£j3ll 

_ (Jjllaail j JjjaaHjl Jj-aC CP" ("-V. cJ^J^ ci^?Jl OH <-^AS^*jl J 

^ Jx-ajll 4l*a. jMk j-a J-aaJl (j±i CJll^Ui] (SJflail t^lj-ij J-^j J 

^^ic Ja^JI (J JjL-ajJl jl (_£lj Jii j iJ^aJl (J JjL-ajJl 4ij*-a] Ja-O-a CJbjLall 

Ja^)juiSI (Ja^> aS ijLaJI (_>aa- /gic l J Ja^JI p^aa-a (Jj^aj [ Qli^jjJa 

jljjU Jajjudll L_llja. L5 lc ( flJaxjl aj p-l^^l ci-*^ cs^- 4ijia*-a]l 

(Jj^a^all jl c (JJifijI (j<*V (Jj^a^ail ; ^_5 (Jj^a^ail (jial^)C.| <_£^}±la]l (j-aa- j 

; ^Lu 4Sj3 ^ oOaJ La ; JjjUlb C5^VI ^1 ^J5J' -^J^ J^jll j^ 
. ( 98 SjlJl ) { ...AiLj j 4XSX* j & lji_P o^ !> } 



. 59 o 8 ' 1 : jr ' 1 'ii^^ , ' Cte^ t 4 ^ 1 ' csj^ 1 Ji>> Ca j**^ Jfi :(1) 

. 401 : o» ' 6i>"^l ^ ^^Ml "JjJ ^jIj :(2) 

104:0^ '4jjj1u.I 4*i.ljj t^jjill cjljSil (j& (JJaxJ! AciL t^jli^uiil Ciic tjiaJI:(3) 



130 



/smmk-/smkm 



C5 i^loil J > «t nil ^JjfLj aS j C(Jj^ajll ^jx xLl (J- aill (jj^J .iS tillj *-a J 

Ij-jLjLa ^^Ic I j^^>x (J- aiil diljJI (jc tLilaJJ j iJajl^jJ Ljli a j (jx <^j3l (JxaJJ 

. ( 32JUiVl ) 

jjjijlil Jj£ ^^Jt ^ Mill ^ jLa*Jl (fi Jflall Aj.rt.uiJ j 
. ( 77 Vtfl ) A*Sljil 6JJ-1 Jl« l^jluoJl U^JI ^_ 
^IxJ aJjS Jla ;« L£Lail plJjluiVl ,_A- 

. ( 78 sjyi ) [ ^ut vi Lm\ bj^u v oj£? i4^j ] 

(ilij t5 -«uuoj Aj*L a (jx j IgJjI La ( _ s i*x La ^jx l&JxJ La VL jr^pjj (Jj% 

Ig-La La ^gia-a (jc Vj J*J ^^jLj <_£j]l a^£j| p-UalJV ^ » SaSj a pLuluil AjJ^jxll (J^axJ 

AJLiJ j t5 JjuaJl ^LJajj - 

. jLa^VI a*J Jjj^all! - 

. jljkluaVI - 

/ aLttLuiVI - 

. P(2) P jiLa Jl>) £& 4jL>I - 

4j£J AjuoIjJ t o j.luiij LjLu ^ J- aill j (JjLaji] <_£^>iia]l AjuoIjj dul£ aal j 
LjijUa jj <Uaj|j]| LJj^aJl cJjjL ^gic (JaC oSa cLa^jJaljC-l (jc AjJAa. (-1 Aj^aLv 
(Jjta. jJ^VI IjA jj^l (JjLajll j J- aijl (jc tSLlj (jli A-ao3 La-a t_ljj3j IJA ^ jA j 
LJjLuolj t^CjjjL^a]! (jjlaiaJL t*l]j <j£ JaJj La£ " jl " i LkaJl ebb LjjLa J->-a\l 
' ' .^P^l 

. ^uaa i jjj Ljxa 4£>uu t jj ■■■»"<! fu& i j»JjSil cjijill ii»Uill A£-yjtjal\ ; CD ROM : ( 1) 

. 412 tflj 402 : o-> ' tf Ji^l 
. 102 - 101 - 96 : u- « J^l j o*2t\ <■ 4i J 6^ ' JM : ( 3) 



131 



: jj— yj» j gj— jVl u^LS ...^^IIJ) -2-2-5 

(-j! jjoll jUjj ^U!iU "j^oJl j CJbVI l_ljuoLj (J jjoll Jij " jj-uiij 0*j 
CliljLa. Jll (^Ijib jJjuolilill j^>jl (j-« ( -A 885 <— c^^^' JaC" di t*^^] j'"^^ 
Igla^Iiiij jll AjJjll Ai^>*-d j!iLi. (j-a j^juJI j dlLjVi (j£ dlLluilLall ^jc i Lu&jl 
4 aai£ jA <_£o]l (jjlxlll J JaLujVI iy 4-aLal La j 0?.ljj LaJ ^J La ' LLuLl ^3^' 

' -luilll *LaaJ£ I ta uiLa ^gjlj^ll (j-saill (J*-?- 3 * ^5^' L - J V.^' J 'J^ 4 ^ U^ -^'j^' J 
(j^aill aLa-judJV ^jC-llJl SjaJ Cl]e.Lai i j-llalill Jc J^;^-'^ 4_llc ' . ukl <— laJ 4j£] 

Oj^judll a j ■ aS " a^i Jc LJSjla dlllulLull aIc J ajL^VI (J I (e^^l <-£j^. 

J^ala P ^P P2 >P l^U4-£j;U kUidl P( P P ^P »j>uJl J^ala 

. o^l J ?\+*tt\ ? ^ 3) p 1*1** 

(J- aijl jjl jft^ all <aLaVI ^j'"' (J*-* 3 ^ J^^J 4_aJli]l Sj^uo jJ-uiflJ ^^cllJl Iajj 
j^A j t A^uoUJl ^k CJljlai» <J 3.1a. (filll <( Jfc 865 ^ ) c^^l jW yrO*^ 1 
; J j-aaJj j jlj£ll £J-*a. J ^V.^' ^Lu^ j^J*^ \;°"^ j£ll _>*Vl 

ajljlll j al^VI Jj 2-*ljudll (jAj L-alj.u'ilu)l - _ Ljj3 j l-lxJ CjLajL<Jl iillj L_lSIjx - 
. P( 3) P bjyji J£ J j Aj I J£ j^ ^L^La ^Iii]l A^j tSSl jjj 



. 5 : t>fl ' 1 : £ . 1995 - 1415 ^jja < ^»idl t_i£ll Jj t l : h <. ^J^»il ^J^ 



. 5 : u* ' 1 : J? ' A - u ^ j^aA\ ' JaJI : ( 2) 

12 : o 3 ' 1 : £ ' <U **J jJ«a^l t jlaJI : ( 3) 



132 



/smmk-/smkm 



(jj]*l<a Ojj—ui (_j£ a uol [jl ^j ( /o^cLall OA^J Aij-IajJ ^*J ^jC-llJl (Jj^ajJ 

^^Jc (jjj (jl jJxSl JjV i p ^p jLaa.1 o*j Jjju^aj AaMc L^-iiJ AaM*Jl j Igja Jjj Laj 
Jc. ^jSj La UUi cjLjVI j£ dili^UJl Uol »" 4jj jli "j^ j-ail] ^jjSJI a^I 

AjLaj^La -JajljJ ^^Ic "AJl^ajJ <_£.} "j-Umlj jl aJV-^ ^i^JJ 

(jj£j ^a j ij^judll j dibVI <-_a^\lilj 4 alia a jjxA\ (j±i dila^lxJl (jj£2 ^J£ 

t!lli (jx 4 I^Ha. >■« j Cii\jj^3^\ ^jLi-a ^5^ ^^C-ISjjI IgJfl ^^cljJ iAjJjjua aj&LlJI 

Al^l cjllfrj (jl (jx lJj^JI t5 ic !>LaLa. AJj-a Sjjjoi aUk (jl£ La] [jl tdJj j » 

(jxl (j-a Aj£j AjjCJ jl^Jxul j Aj Jh\ ^al (_gill o^}-al JJ&-^» (S& ' A±"i J ^-J^ &\ ^U-o 

(J^j^al j (jLoiill (_>olj (j-« jA (5^jl Lj-a^i-aJ SjLuoj £.UajL AJLaJjuo AJa IjJjl ia£ La Aj 

v 'p « __Ac\jjI Sjj£ j ojic j ojLuolJl j e^al Sjfl ^yjj AjjLuI LjLull 



^'uroll AlLaAaj _A£juoLaJ j (J-aJjl ata uijl ^k pULVI JJ-^ ^5^"^^' t^ J Lp| -^^^3 
-(jlj^jl (j-ajjl (^ AjuaLa. - *La mJVI LLJaS j '-"»;; lJMjuoV' (>c.J ^^J ■^^■^5 J 
llluijjj ~^ La j t(jJ3j.uLJubttJl (_pa*J (_£J^. U' AjC^ajJaj-aJlj ( at ■ taJVI qa (jfL| a!£ 
La£ Igjj jl c aJaiall CllaJjl j ^ya^Lajl jJ^sall ^C <_£jSj V Ajj^>xJ| AjlSxJl [jl (jLbj 
Jla^a .(JiuiJJ AjllSc V (JWJ^' ^J^' -"'SRj^' UJ^" _ "lMu" V*^' "^ <Jj% 

AJial aLLJI p pcjLJja]li p (3) PdjjUJI CJl^Xall j 4 Sj^]l j\£aVl l^l^j 

CllljJjl (jjAjjuLj j i^UjUll LJJJJJ i|jJ (j-a-a c^AjJC. jl ?.VjA AJUJ La L_l^£j Allla 



uCllL ^jjaJ! jjU jJjj Ua <> . J^aiil I JA <> 123 : o» <^! ^.J^J^I .6'j^' (*J^ Aljsu> ^ ^IHV 1 

. 12 : o 3 ' 1 : £ ' *** *J jJ*^»JI ' j^JI : (1) 
. 3 : o 3 ' 5 : jr ' A**iJ ji^aAil : (2) 

. 63:o^ 'Jj^' ^M' l if ut J A t -*"Ji ^ * JJ 'Aj^LuiVI ALuiHil ^LuiljjJ J&lAil t'UjjC ijiaJI ; (3) 



133 



/smmk-/smkm 



134 



;h*aX\ CJluilj^t - 1 - II 

^a ^UuouVI A^a JjUli ^1 cjLJj^I J] AluaJl Ajjj*JI Ai&Jl J&j 

; \q1a 4 alia a L-jUjuoI ^1 (ilJj A^JJ J ' LS-^J^' L)*^' 

a] cAJ'ljlaa. ^jJjl ^ Jl j La AjJ^)*]! ^tALLJl Jjaj Clla^l (jl — 1 
CJlj^Vl tSl^lal J cCJUikx^aJl j ajAlial! kjjJa J] 0*J J^>J 

dlU^laJjl L-i^ljaAj i allaj j^jJl Ajjlja-Vl 

j] Jj-^jii ^x^yi ^>^i cji^b aUJyi a^ - 2 

dlLj^JajJl j c^jjil j'— -; (JJ ■ al J 

SjjjjJaJ SjJ^VI djl^jjudil ^ jja-uul ^jS j£a (ilii *-a . ^Hj-*^' 

bpl L^aj jl£ IJI AjuaLk cAK (j-ajJl Ajjj ^1 AlaaJl JjOa. jjlaJ 

Aia Jjjil J Aja (jxJail (jjjjlaj a!iljuoVI ^l^frl Jl j La ( \ upl<a 

CllljLa. j i(j-ajj| dlLuLoJ (j*a SjliloiVI djJjLa. (Jill ' ; u£il aAl J*J j 
^ ' _ Ua '((--it kail ala uijl ^j Ja..La ^^ ^Uaa. Laa a L_)Li£ ; Ljajl Jjx*atj]l 
Jjlllaj dlJjLv (Jul dlLuiljoil a&l Ual -( j^aj*Jl a!j£juoj Jjlajjl (jj-aC (JJJ L_£il£jl Aj3 
(j-ajil A^Lip) ; ^^i A^ala uul (jc. t 'lui£S\ Li aa ^IjSil (J-aJjl ^jic T^i-aj! li& 
AjjJa^l Ajuolj-lll (j-a J^V J- aill £_>«aa. ' - Ua ^ULa Laa *\ (Ijlajj j Ij^laJJ 

(ejljSlI (J-ajil ^gi ala uuVI 

4 aa mla Abulia (j*a (J^HaJj ,_j|jS]| (J-aJjl (jl <_£jJ ! ^JjJaji (j- ''''^.'^ (jjllaJl 
(jjaljx ^ Cl).la.j (jj j cS.la.lj AjjJaa L5 ic Jj-l"J ^^1 CIjLjV' (jL aaLuJjl ' /^j* 
(-1 AJJJJ jl Ala£j" jl Aik-afljJ Ala J^llali 4 c5j^ 1^4" Up ' ' a ^ ' aAjl £yt Aa'jila 
1 Aa-jJOila j jljSSl ^ljuoU a!^*jl J] JJa.Vl ^ (J 1 ^ . ?( A) P Ajlla]! CjLjVI 
SjJfl AjuoIj^II o^A j£jj _A.ljLaJ.ui] I j AjjLudill ^tALLall (j^axJ jjLudll I^A ^ IjajIulq 

jba-Vl Ch jj^I c^ ji*2 V L-^jI a£j t Ajj^aJl CjLJjajM ^a aA^j j l_jjK1! 

(JJJ >j - ajjl Aiill ale ") AjU£ p.Lv J^a t t _ g ^Jaall aJ&ljjl ^ a j ■ a Lai Ajjuila (^JJ (j-* 

(j^J cAj^Lall j^udll ^ ala uuVI aJLoix La^ja ^lc ^jjl^a- ^ ^Ajlnialill j AjjJaijI 

-( _paj*Jl AjJl j (Jjiajjl AJaLoiJ (jc ajj L-ljLuoL Jajljjll (-i l^laujl L-jtj^ll ^C t—llc. 



f 1 uajJl jlJilv2 Ja' c^J*^' cr^^' j^>«ilv t jIaJI j IjjiaJJv (_>aJil Aj^UjJ • rUii^ Jj>a^a » j]aj| ; ( 1) 

. 192 : o* 1990' 



135 



^Ic. ~^ ■ ia»J Ai^>ia j£] » (j-saill ale (jc ^ jL^a-a JJ.3*-^ -^ ,i * jal <-)j% 
<UL^aVI (j* AJ'jlila CllL^.jAJ AJLulaJ a^ ■ <a*J ^ulc j t pi -la J ■ uV I (j* 4Jjbla CllL^.jJ 
^i Ajj^aill (j^ajL^ak t Lu&liii qa j^aUll Jl jJ'V 4j3 dlia-Jlj ^laill CllVL?-* (j^ J 

li(1) p« R p^viLUii 



:>-lu^) u^ - 2 - II 



# lgj <LajLk j 4jutj Jajlj^jll qa \-&j^p- ^jjtj j 

Ajjj Saaul 4£!il*Jl ^jiJJ V 4i£] 'O-J^. J 6 W-^I ^ "^JM ' . ' ^"'* ,i ^ jLti J^^L? 
jjlj^ll j!iUa ^ (JJJJ*J (J* JaaJJ aJ (j-a j » ^^KaIII Jajljll j (_£jj*-a]l -lajl^)]l jjjlJ 



u 1 



JaJ^jJ *j' "**'J A S^C- jl > " U^) p^jjJa^a 0^)^jjuo (j£j (jl ' . '^^ JLLm (^^)J j 

L_±jl^aa. (Ja jj^a^-j dlLC^ajJa^aAll oJA (J J"- 3 cP^ 'O- 43 *-^ ^J^ J Q^^ ^J^*^ & \" 

; AjMjI 4-<U.u)jlll (33 j tdli (JIaJ .Ig-ilJ LaJS Jajl jJJ j (JjjuAjjJ 4ilx-a 



1 

1 

<j^ata. jja»« 



X l\ /l\ /l\ 

Sj>Jl ja. Jjfij J^HUl 

l:Ja i<_uiil jjlc tublaJl JjLuu) ^a CJliaHa j CJLuljJ (^Luilil iilil ^i (^jLa^ J^jxil JJfr J«-ui ;(1) 

.233 o-' 2004 S>liil 
. 28 : o> < 1 : £ < 1996 »>lSil « Jx^l j' J ' 25 : * « ^TjSlI JiOa ^ ; uJaS ai« : (2) 



136 



4_imll<i] JJ*JJ Lajji cjjbjudll Ljljj (jk j^l! lij Cjj^aLi. ^gjluij^a pliLjj tgJ » 

. P( j) p « jj*-ii Ji > s^uai 

j' axil I^A £_£jta ^j tillj OxJ AllaCj^a 4a. J^ (lA-lxJ La j L^-La LaJ SjJC 

: <>J^ "O^ 1 UP Jj% 

lg-l£ Ifra ^j fCM JJ*" ail ^j£j j cCllle^ajJa^a S^C ajJaJ SjjjjJI O^A » 
4ja*U ^jx ^^i __ I-IUjuo UajljJ Ajfl ij\Aui±ij\\ ^jUaaJl JajljJJ grjlj* 0^1 j JJ^-« 
Aj^UjI jj-a ^^A j . .Ail-lall ^ A^Xu^] ejcoll ^j-a (JjjIjjuoJ ^gjj L_fl^a-a Jja. JJ-^i 
lAjlacI j Igj) uij Jjl (-1 4<alm<ail 4c.La^Jl L_fl3^a (Jja. JJ-^ c£j^V 

. P(2) p«i!i^ 

Jj^lll L-lLLi. Jj ^gjuo^a-a aj3 L-lUai. jjc JjljjaJl ^ CllUllV^ ( LjaJl JaJ^I jAUa-a 
Lajl£ c4±a. (jljSlI <— LaK C5 1jj ijjjLaJl jJ^A jjj Jl-lA.1 L-lUaa ^1 4il.La]l ^ 



Cia. 



ill 



AjjJjj LJl^AV j 'cJ^fta. L-ijLuoL AjJljSil oA^.jll ^ 



. 28 : lk* ' 1: £ ' J^^l ja^a3I : ( 1) 
. 28 : o 3 ' 1 : £ ' <**»J ji-aAil t jJaJ! : ( 2) 
33 : o» ' 1 : £' Am & j^^\ ' jlaJI : ( 3) 



137 



-jJljAJj 6±±jl\ ^ JA ^ jt m - 2 - 2 



Alal£la A-Jjiaj Jjl ajlj jjl < jjjoilill ^ (jAjuoVI > ^ L^J^ -\f 1t -'-' i Jj^ 

aJj^ll (_>«aj]l ^ AjlJljall eAa.jll jjc 

j- a& (j£l (jl <_£JJ AiV coj.L^al»-o Ul ■ ZaSj oj-luiflJ JaJjJ (jl JjLa. La£ 

v 'p aI^jo j- ac. iliLaA-UaJ jjc i aiLaj ^^jJl AjLa*LuaJ 

0.1a. jll p jjJaj-a ^ e-lj-la. AjjJaJ A^S Ail jAuialll IJA oj^a dul£ aJ j-a j 
pLljuj] ^j Aj3 IjL^aj j L_L&Jl Aj3 Ijill j jjjj!i£ AljLa. p jjJaj-a jA j cAjjIjSJI 
SjjjouI t-k CIiLjVI AjjuoLu Jja. Laj jjJJ jl£ Aj3 Ijlir-luil La jj£l (j£l j 'SjjjS 
t^liij aIjSjVI ^^C- £-* 'Aia.Mll Sjjjluj! AjIaJ AajLudll SjjjuuI j±.\ AjjuoLu jl t&OaJjll 
2) P A^IJill S^jSl ^JjLLa ^jaJ AlaLS AjjJaJ L_lLi] P <*>P AK jljSl! j^ ^ 

; _J Aalxlall JJ-aVI (j* J^ c?^ l T J 'j^' ig-^ 3 *-" ' 

AjjI jSJI Ac jASwaJl Sda^j — 2 . ejjjudll Sda^j — 1 

. p( 3) p I4K 2Lu! J\\ S^jll - 4 ^TjSJl ^1 S^j - 3 

^j^Jl ^ *i» oil (jc ( Lo&jl ; Sjjjluj! Sda^j ^ tlia-Jl pLul 1 _ul£]l .Lac 
^^iaJnl 4 Ai*j]| ^LluJI ^ Lpa^a *j tL_jjj£ll (jjbjoJl <_! AjVI (J^- ^ "^A-pU 
I g fll j ■ " j iSjjjoul Sda^j ( *fl' ; '^"< j cA-ajLaJlj <LajLaJl qii JajljjJl j ^uLuojil 
^gjLx-all «jjj t5 lc p.Lu Lj^ajuij (_i oAa.j (_]£joij ^^i AjjIjSII Acjxa all Lai -( j^aLaJl 
ClllLcl j ; (JlSj >Luo j Ajllc Jii\ t5 i^a JjjuojII '''\; w t5 lc bLalcl j .l&jjJaJ j 
'"'I- 2ai ^gjllall ^lajyi (jL^-a j (j^lall jjJj^I (j^* J J'j^l' 2^^ Sljjoll (jl^-a 

; aLoial AjUjI Jj jl jail ^ja. Alxjoi ajaiS . ^ P| Jx^aLalb 

(j^aj^akll ^jlj (JjIaII ajuaa - _ *^^ C5^j (JljJajl A^ - 

(jjiUll ^jjj J- aLttll ajoli - . jj ^j ^gjllall ajaia - 



.8:0^'! ■ i V*J | ' 1999 Sjfclill t ^5LyJl Jj 4 5 : ia t jj*J2J| ^ ^L^Sfl t cgj^ jj**- ' jlaJl :(1) 



. 21 : u^ • 1 '*? A<1 • A^iiiJ jJj^aII 

. 23 : O* t 1 ila aJl . <LuiJ jAhflAll 



(2) 
(3) 
(4) 



465 : o-a ' 2 : £ ' 1990 < 1 : i ' AjaUI «_iiSJ| 



138 



JaJj j cdlljSi ^1 aLu^VI AJu^ cAjjIjSil SOa.j]l ^1 t*llj -1*J Jjjuajll 

JaJj La£ 4 J^^' (jjbjuill ,j SjSill (Ja-a (JC ' Lul£ j c^^kl j SjSfl ^J4 4j.ull.Lal I 

_ p ( J )p cjI jSiSl c*Uj£ j 4jL ^ oil ^1 j ^LoJl fjj3\\ ^> AjI jii jjj 

j» ■ all aLo L5 1c <uil [j-a oal j » •( jjjoialll ^ (jjiLuiVI) ^-a^-a ^ cJj% 

aLo C5 j1s *5j j 4j^udll j dibVI cjjj 4*.>i'l jI^>juoI ^gk jj^aSlI jjj^ clu£ (-ijl 

^^A j clAJxJ Cjp.ta. ^^jJl cxJjoJI j^uollj ojSJl Sjjjj ^JJJ <L all ^ULa j» ■ all 

P(2) P« . . . jljSl! ^Loil <> JjVl ^uaiSl jis I^j-^^j 

(j£jJuJ ^jS\ ig& J iSjSill SjJJUi ^XJ tllp.La. (-Ill AJjUdll J^Udll jjl -l^J \^Jt> J 

jA (JJ*-a O-uliuii' ( _ 5 iC Cjj'l j^judll 0J& c^jljSlI aLolil ^j-a (JjVl Aiilkll Oj^jll Sjjjoi *-* 
jja-a Igix Sjjjoi <j£l ' - Ua i i SjSjII Sjjjoi ^ ^IxaII Aj Cjf.ta. (flill (JjuiluLill (jukl 

*■ 'p *LojLkj aLoial Aj^Ij j <LajLa qa »^'^ ^ L_aluj 

VVI j*j Vj o^ 1 W V. ^ j*\s ^ p* 'O-tiM l^f Uj JjVl ^31 jk 

jL] j fjj& Qil (JJjflSlI jjAJ <J^ W V. cl*^ 'l£J^ **>>* j^ ^^ 167 

(JJJ Llajlj SjjjouI f-l3>' (j£ Jaj'jjll J 'tll^L^I (_paj*J (Jl L_£i\£ll JjLa. 
4juOJJA ^^KjJttll aJiilSHll £tia '''^^; 4 J^udll J CllbVI ;jj A ' ^^ I il&all ^^KjJttll aJiilSlllI 

L_J jSj <LtaJ C— al ^Igl^yi o^A » (j-aill ^gjluLaj ^^glJJj AjV' (^jIuiaJ Iajj AjI^Ij 

(jx Aa^IJI (_gill oLaJ'VI I^A C5 lfr ' _ul£ll alal jSl J 4abl jLuLLa (jja. Cjbtgla.1 QA 

V' Aa*J Aj^I cj^udll j diLjVI cj^ a ' 1 ^'" 2H^J (jc- Ajial aiSj ^glll JJJ^ll ^?-aJl 

C5 jJajaV t^llJ Vjl J '<i£ L_lUS^ll (jfl l^C jj Jj 4^a.lj jll-a ^ l^K 4-^^ j£1j 

c JAjJa gaLaJl oJlA Cjf-U. Lul j c P ^ 4 ^P« X^aila Xal£ Ijlla-a ^ajJl j£ jl jjl 

p "l 'p jjjoialll (jla (JAxia tll^L-all j ^uLuojll o^A qc ttiajll ' r la^3 t jjjoialll 



687 : o* ' 1 i^>ntl jjini'ti (J ^LuiSfl t <^j^ Aa-uit jJaJ! ; ( 1) 

. 23 - 22 : (j* 3 ' 1 ■ i V^ 1 ' 4 - u ^ jA-a^l « jJaJI : ( 2) 
. 61 : s ' 1 ■ i V^ ' 4 - u ^ jJ*a<»i! ' jJaJI : ( 3) 
. 28 : o 3 ' 1 ■ i V^ 1 ' 4 - u ^ ji-a^l ' jJaJI : ( 4) 



139 



/smmk-/smkm 



(jjljlll jjjJaJ S^ljSJl Sjlcjj (j£-«J AjI Ula. g ■ Sali CjJJJjoi ^ (J^la. jj-a 



140 



IPH&RHIH 



* ■^ . . w 



vA*r • It i 



rB+^ft 



V X 



'3W2JNff$/fe<£$[^ 









w — ■ v #■ 'V 'v.. V 



'3VK2JSB% 



k ftfe r#yop^5GE 

yfe 



: JjSn J^flttl 



;Ljj^a ^U^jVI 






^tmSt-vmkm 



l_i£Jjj ^ jjjjuixJl j 4*jI jJl SjjjoiJl ^^A i *■ 'P 4^-La Sjjui jjjJl Sjjjuo 
j-ajJa (Ja.^j cjjjlill 4-^' J- 3 ' ' , U[ '^ AjLaJl o*j AjjLill SjjjoiJI ^^A j t< aajL^^jl 
_AjI jjluo j a-jj! j^i Sj^joJI e^A dibl j^c Lai c jjlaJl ajoia j-a AjJLUI <aj^a J I 

CJuVI jc- tt^jaJ ejjjuiil o^A j] » ; ,J^J' t^j^ j^ l£J^* ^1* '" UJ% 

IgJfl AaJ aj j,a j 4- aluo j 4_llc <&l ^gli^a- <&l (Jjjuoj L5 lc Jdl I Lpjjl C5"^ ' L - J ^^ 

(jljSil j ' Ac-^LJl <_£jj j cjLuJVI 2^'jj j s^jjIjujVI 2^'jj j '<*-L>"^ £-^jJ 

a^i j-a jjj ( ) Jg-Jal (jj£S Jl£2 Sjjuul O^A tgk JJ^VI O^A (j£j j t<-^l\\< 4K 

4j La jLax-VI J^J**^ J 'cs-Jlj^j' (_jLii]l jIjjuoI iiJj.il j IAjIjjuoI l_sjc ojjjouI o^A 

. p( J) P « oj-aila AjJa ^ jjlill jl jit jjj^i 

(JllLa (_A j i,_*Jjijull IgJjJjuol (j j tL^La^a ^ eJjilLa JjjJl SjjjoiS 
jc j ;c*JJj jc t Lu&Jl j^-aJ '*W caJaiJl A£.ljJ j c4_l3lj£Jl Ac-^bJl jc ^LjJalj 
SjjjoiJI o^A ^ ala uuVI jljjj OV' L>* J .cs-*J c ' 4-1jJjuoL lg-ia JajlaJI at a uuVI 
4_1JjJlJ| CllLuolj^Jl j-a lg-13 jliluoJ co-lla-a CllLjjluba Jjaj 4-lulaJ 4juoIjAj aLSJl j^-aJ 
ata uiJVI jjLa-a J a-la Jj CllLuoljoJl o^A Jjflj j^-aJ ' - Ua i ct*-a 4_La!>Ljoyi ^J*-J' J 

; L_i3l ja. Aj^XI ^ 



. 132 : o 3 ' 2001 ' 1:^' Ajfllijil t^l <*-ui.>« t JiU 
3681 : oa ' 7 .^^1 ' j^-&l ^ o-L-Vl « csj^ A**- : ( 1) 



138 



^tmSt-vmkm 




139 



3®wk-v'mkm 

Uljl^j j UjV^ J '^.J^^ 3 'S-ulj^l °^A ( alia a Jjij i jjJjI Sjjjoi (JjlaJ jjj 

dilj o^x^a Ajjj Ajj^aill AjjjJI (jl >c.J .. t^JjV 4-^J-^W JJ ' ' ; u£ ^^Ic (JjlajJl 

ale j jaiil aIc (jx (Jxl£lajl JajlaJl c*UJ ^j ^Haj' ^^J^ ^J^J j AjSal jIxjI 

/(^p aJjI^I ^k j aMI 
^i j ^j-^-t j_uj^^» J-lj ^^_j o-^ J^kj jli t^jit 6jW*J j 

£.I^juo c A^j alii (_cijl (_gjHiJUUJ l*JJ Ajj^aj]! A±ij!}G j^' ^ (jj£j ttlllj Jj^-« J 
^a ^Ull Aj^aill A^l L-i*l* Aj^kL US tLjljIjj ^ I UlV^ ft LjjaJ f I b3j*-a jl£l 








/ 


/ 


A 






































L 



1 «tf- ^ 1 «*« 



»j>- jiaL> 



*4 



78 : O* • 4-MjII J AjJj3I <jjj AfliUJl ^ AjJijJaj AjjxJ CJtuiljJ . j jja-i j«uA Jjxu . t jiaJI ; ( 1) 



140 



3®wk-v'mkm 

: kjJ-" 3 g^*jVj - 1- 
: j^jUjj i^l j ftLSa - 1 - 1 

LjU cCJLjVI (j^ Jj^xll ^j <La4iiLa Cl]s.La. jjjoul qa lAj;!*^ JjJjl Sjjjuo 

li& 4_llc ^gjj c t5 i^. aJaJ j 4L_l£JjJ t5 ic J^J Jjj^ai j ^lja.1 ^j L-jUaaJl a J > a£j 
(jja. "t!i]j -^J3 t-a£ C(j^ai]l ^ aj ^ > aJ j ( lajJaaJ j ia£a ^ £.LlJ tillj^i " . it laaJl 

J] jlj^l pjuiy c> 4-<£aJl J] Upl jj^oiJl Ajjj iSl j . p( A) p "*li JUIl. 

_Ljajl l$j\!a\\ JjAJ OjLjj Lo£ tL-lt laaJl 4_liiJ i^ljj I jLjji ' J^ J ( "- J VJ 

(jj^ll j CJbVI j£ CJliM*Jb u^i^l c> jl£ j ) c£ Jljil u 3 .^ J^ ciJJ 

L_ljJ 4ja.V t-a ^JjuiLi I^A ^ j&j ( LliuaHjl j (-JJjJJjI 1i <aS -1 

V J^aS j Lj! jJI -g t "^ UJ°' U ^.^\l 

. <>j^ j ^VJ ^ jjj j (hlj^l jl jail Jj»j -2 

_ ojjjuo (_p aJa. ^*J t^jVSjl JaLulJ .IkiaJ -3 

_ p ( J )p aj j^i Aiiy ijij^s j JiiuJi jc. i jws -4 

^a ^mil jjJ LJLjai 4_&] <(-&538 CJ^Jifoftjll jl^i (jJ*Jl IJA Jj j 

Jj aJaill L-ljlaJJ j i^bu&Jl (Jja.^\jj tilHj j 'j'^'^ IgjJajU *Laj!>La j I jjUaill j 

. P( 2) P« .tf I jail t> tSlli jjic. 

jLuc-VI JjJjl Sjjuii A^jLaJl AjoUJgJl j <■ » ;Wa'<\l jjj Jljjj (Ja.1 ^ U^V. 
AljLuJl jjudll (j-a lA JJ*J I g ^;j (^ J Sjjuiil aj > u3J ^ " (_g ja. ^j*Joi " ^lgJa.1 L5 ic 

cj^jj jSi i ( aiuo j aAc ill t5 l^a ^^1 CjjjLal j^ic Vjl bLuc.1 ) Aia!iUl j 
Aj^Ij Jj 1 g rft j > ukj (j^-aJ j ' u^""' P^ U* ^j^jI Ar ~ j^?- A " (j<ft>^i jjJjI Sjjui 

P (A) P CJlc j^a^ J] ^lalloJl j ^Llla 
68 : <>a ' j»lJl JttSu-a Jj$a jJaJI ; (*) 

.108:oa ' 2: g ' 1%- '1999 ^jja l:Ja i^kl! ui&it jb ^uill ^ulia n|j!ji! ^1 J>1 ijiaJ! :(1) 

.104oa' 1 g;'1995 ' O^'l ^ ' ^*^l v^ 1 J |J 

l^Jillil Sjtc.t.tt >_iJI_jaJl <jfr Aluai tjS^u V 4j| V) ' ^uaH 4JVJ o* - ' t^ - ("J^ t5>^ J ^ Lul fj 1 "'" U 1 £-« : (*') 



141 



3®wk-v'mkm 



jjiii Sj>- 




[ 64 - 47 ] V*» [ 46 - 35 ] V*» 

3^ 2^ l^* 4 5* 



[ 34 - 1 ] V^» 

3^ 2^ l^ 1 



t T T 

(64-62) (61-58) (57-47) 



▼ Y Y 

(34-27) (26-21) (20- 11) ( 10- 1) 



P«o j£& 2H^jJ j'""*.V 4jlJ3*j 
Aic (—flSjlJ ^j] tililc-j^aa o\\ j » LHajI ( alia ^ ^j^ JaJjJ ^glll ^Luojll ei& 

Sj^judll aUaJ ^gAc aJV^ t^J cs^ J ' 'PJaljjuil 4jobaa. ^gJj sjaiali JjJ^I Sj^juo jjl 

.CllljSi ^gJj (J-saill aJ ■ u£i AJjuoJ ^ji^. aUaJ jA j 44_l]c Clllij (_clll 



142 



^tmSt-vmkm 



. 3683 : oa ' 7 -i^l < ji^Jti) ^ ^tu&l <. ^ja. jjju- <. jkJI : ( 1) 

.4£jj AjaJc jjSI jJjj <GV . c$J^ J ^*- Ul flj 1 "^" J4i) Uj"^,." ■! t^liJ £-aj ;( * ) 



143 



3®fcik-vmkm 

: jlj-^l\ ±\-fijt\ -2-1 

jL^a-j cAJljjl ^ (j<a£j V '^5^LaJl J' <a*jl (^ jxxill °j > u j a dul£ 
^1 Ajjx^I l^ilkl j tt p*ji" a^aJ ^1 All^jll JililVl frlSlJl ^ Jj A*t\SjJ 
(jljSil >ail t^J £-«J '(jlJVI 4-J J° ■ aJ j L_ljla]l AJ j%J ibljjuoj^ LaLu L_ 4JjJ 
ilixL 4jj^>xJ| AJlAjI AjIloijx jjl t*UJ cAJIaj Ijju (jl Ijj^x. j 4-ij*jl ?.I^>*j^ 
Oj £ all j till! aJt ill j i^gjLx-dll (J > ul j JJ ' '' lia Aj'jil ^IjSil L_Jj£jj}l jjk l^jjjj 

*■ ^p (JjjuAjj cj^^l l>o?-^ j 

JJJ (Jxl£ *La mjl jjl 4j*J-a iljj-ala LLka. ^IjS]! L_lUaaJl ^ plSjVI j^ 

(jc jAuLi VL^a. (jL^a ' 4-0*^1 *^-j a] 4(jjoj^Jl j Sj^ail (jjj diLaiiJl j c^gjlx^l 

(_gjla ail (jLaa. ^1 (_£j^j^all jL^aJl 
L-ljlail (jLafrl ^1 (JiiijJ cAjic aj > "j a t5 ]c ^IjSil ' _ll laaJl AaJ*J 

; ^gJlxJ AJjS£ C(jliVI pj^ 3 ' ^gj* <Ualk-a CJl^x^aVI ^U 4-aLjSJl fJJj 

.(5 — 1 jIUjVI ) { ^Jjli j £^& U j-13 &*& * hj^u 
(jl <Jja _dj\_;Vl &^a (^ pliLVI Ljj t^jJ ^° < ;' ,< "- 4*jtjla Ajujxj* jAjj 4£^aJli 

I^jS plLVI (jj%3 toenail j ajiHil (jc Cj.IaJJ ^^l JjjouI Lai -Cs i*-«Jl IfclliaJ 

:c5 JUj aJjS£ cliikj Lul LbU 
(89-88 ^*Sljll) { &Z £2* j i^i> j CJj* * (UHJ^I 0-» 'C& b\ && } 

g-b tall ^1 lAlaxJJ (Jj t^^j^all aLa uiJVI jALlaA (j-a L^jJC. j cJa^i jlj£2}| j 
/.!^ lajuul AjJjJI QAjJa (JA.JJ La (Cl cLJajl CllLaKJl (jl jjl j AjSjj^a]! 

£-o j 4£jjL<i]l (j-ajjl j L_)jj£-a]l (j-ajjl AJj a (JJJ « ^-^j ^Ij^jl (j-ajjl (jj 

^gJLu ^uil a^l£ jV ' Aj?>j j cs-^v. j IjSj cJj < ^°\: cj^j^l j' <^-H V j >«**■•? >«j tdJj 
p( 2) p l^_j cjj^j oL*-^ A^iilb .-.fc.il ^li JJ I j] c-jjxJli .UijiL jjlj V 

Aij^a (JjjjjJI j ' P aLa uiJVI j t *« j» "I (j-uia. t5 lc (JjJSjlJl Ji_ J LdilJ 

(JJ iAiaX. V J c^ju^joi jJC. AJVIji dul£ J^a caiuo j 4_llc ^ll ^^l^a ^jJJil S^ljfl 
' ^P 11a IaJI lJja. AiC laJ jl£ j iAjj Ajj AJVIji g-lali jl£ j clija. lija. ojjmLa 



. 283 : LK" ' 1981 (JiaJ < 7:^ 'J^l jU '<JJJ»Jl <_K»JLuai. j 4JLU1 ASi i 4jUa Aaa-a i j]ij| ; ( 1) 

. 36: o° 1996 '1:^ ' ^-^ji\ A^u,ja t^JIJUl JSaJl (J w ^°"l dljiA^I i ^.jLa (JLuj fklUSl jjc ( jfij| : (2) 

. AjJiUl iuiljjll (> i89: oa ' j^Jt : (*) 

JjjjjJI i_ib i 2003 ^JJ^ ji*^l jl J ' jl^tSl tis*^ (jS^w^ ' K"^ 1 J 24J^-' ' t5j'-*^l ^J^'>i ' ^jLLJl Alt I JjC jjI i jliJl ; (3) 



144 



3®wk-v'mkm 

(jx j cAik-alail ' . u\ a ^j 4-aa.^lj j ^IjSJl L-jUaaJl *La uijl ^ a&LuoJ 4_ll)JjJ oAa.j 
LJjaJl ^gk ojjxA\ ^ Lj-x-a jA La-a IAjjxJ <L-alajl aKLuLg ;4Kt uiajI — 2 

. P ( 1} P u J 1 ^ J JSL51. ^L-lill ^ISjI j^I jV 

Ajjljlajl j\ t<Kl ujIajI Aik-alail t5 l& lg-13 AjVI ^j32 La 'j^ JJ^' Sj^juo j 

: Sj>J) ^j 2 ; fc&tt) AAuAiJt _ 1 _ 2 - 1 

QjljJill J-c |»jSlj £UjJ Jjj tj-ii^ Jjji c*1Ua jl jLill IJA ^ Jia.5b j 

^ > all ill Sjl^sWl Ajjoillall ^gJc JjVI p^VI fj% ' ; *\;^; t(C jljjil (jic- aj3j p-tajj j 

AiuoUJl Jc f j%a (fl jljlll Lai .^Llualil! JjJ iaSfl ^wJaLJl ^jjjll ^ CjLaKll (JliSV 

. p(2) p *l^lil! j jjjll ^ CJl^jSl jLBV ^1311 A^iiil 
; yi3ll a*jHUI CJbVI ^ j^kj La tfjIjUl ^ISjVI c> j 



{ ^Jflg- jL% |JA djUoui l^j ^1 Jl Ul Jj% La ^ ftjAMLA,ui Jl VjS J } 

.(16VVI) 

jl£ tSUil cCJbVI ^J*^? JabJjVI tjij cjLuLtLJl cjbVI oiA ^ ^^ jIj£j jl 
i^aLSJl A^l ^ (JliSVI U cCJbVI ^ A^U ALU jL ^L VUi Ijlj^S 

>j*j jfc J\\ cjLVI ^ j^kja UJI> g-liyi uj^. 



. 36 : o-a ' Jj>JI v^l <|i ■» t*a J#>jil jja^l ' fJAljjj ^ JIJjJI jjc ; jkSI : (l) 
58:0 s 'Sjft^l ni J <<J>u»Jl f Ij* J AjjS^ t^jjill <l)l jii! ^fl AJailll <xuil U l tJUS ^^ ^JU t jkJI :(2) 



145 



3®wk-v'mkm 



. u^> <===== (17) V^ 
. jjAj <===== (19) VV! 

^"CC^+C^^ lllLalSll ,j*JaL*l! JjkHlj ....(18) f£»> 

j^cc^ + c^ 1 - (21) ^ 

. I ■ ajl AL^alill j 4_l*JaLa]l A-lJill ^gi j Jj*i j& j j jjil ^gi (jlijl JaA.^J 
Ajjailll AjjuoUaII j c<La\jJl Ajjailjl AjjuoLLa]! Q±i (jjj JjJjl Sjjjoi iIulaa 

(JjUcIa i^j^xiaj*^ 4 ^j^ja 4 ^\1a 53 - 47 4.1 V I u^j j^ \^ aA\jl±a (jjlaUiji 

4-Ui L a J I A_LJ_Jl ^g-3 (j a 1 *< ' - lia ' ... (jj-ai*J CjjjjjlaJl t^jjajLajl t^jj-ajUajl 

• C^ + CC^+C^ + CC^ 

4_liJ| j cAjlAlxilll AjJjJI (JJJ (JjlS^ixJl aC^J jljJ jAj <Latj A-jJailjl AdjailLajlJ 

ALAh ^IjIlVI ^ j «2utiS11 AjuuoUJI ^ £_jj^l j ^-aMl^VI IJA Jj*j 

A*ig*i A^Aa Sj^juo JjJjI o^jjjj) (jl ^j cj^oJI (j^a*J (^ ^jLud]l jA La£ oA^lj 

Aj.ui11a]I pjjj cjj%. -^ 'W^ ^ £^.V pj^ 3 ' ^lualaJl dic-jila cVjl 2-O^W 

;^ll!l JjA=Jl Aiijj U£ .SJjIjII ^Vl lJ^LLLi Ikiij^ SjjviSI ^ Ml 



146 



3®wk-v'mkm 



lLAU\ 


^liii 


Vvi ^j 


jjj]| 


ijjL£^ 


l 


jjill 


U^J^ 1 


2 


jjill 


jjia^ll 


3 


jjill 


Jjajjollll 


4 


^i 




5 


jjill 


j(S^"^.\l 


6 


jjjll 


Oa^i 


7 


jjjll 


Oa^i 


8 


jjjll 


>j,W^\l 


9 


^i 




10 


^i 


*y^ 


11 


jjill 




12 


jjill 


(jjjjl^ll 


13 


^i 




14 


^i 




15 


^i 




16 


jjj]| 


uy>> 


17 


^i 




18 


jjj]| 




19 


^i 




20 


^i 




21 


^i 




22 


^i 




23 



147 



3®wk-v'mkm 



Al^liil 


2ulii| 


Vvi ^j 


jjil! 




24 


jjill 


U^ 1 


25 


^| 




26 


jjill 


jjjSij 


27 


^| 




28 


jjj]| 




29 


jjil! 


jj*j^»j 


30 


JjjJl 




31 


^| 




32 


^| 




33 


jjil! 


jj^iii 


34 


^| 




35 


^1 


JpiVI 


36 


*!jl! 


jiiajVi 


37 


fr bll 


L 11 iil-v 


38 


*Ll! 


1 it , U"V \l 


39 


•Ijl! 


4 


40 


jjj]| 


bJ*^. 


41 


frljl 


^u^i^U 


42 


fr ljll 


jWVg 


43 


*ljll 


jiiajVi 


44 


*ljll 




45 


^| 




46 


jjj]| 


^JALa^Allj 


47 



148 



3®wk-v'mkm 



lLAU\ 


^liii 


Vvi ^j 


jjj]| 




48 


jjill 




49 


jjill 


Jjlliyi 


50 


jjill 


/jj-v \<s^\l 


51 


jjill 


jjjjllll 


52 


jjill 


ijjLxj 


53 


jjjll 


U^ 1 


54 


jjjll 


^jjajjollll 


55 


jjjll 


UJ^J 


56 


frljl 


^ju^i^U 


57 


^i 




58 


^i 




59 


^i 




60 


jjill 


CJJ^' 


61 


^i 




62 


^i 


J M 


63 


^i 




64 



OJ^JUdll ^ (Jj^aljill J^C t «■>■»*< iIiKjlS Igjl (_$l iOJjd 31 UJ^' j'j^ -^^^3 t — 

Sj^judll ^ al£^.V' -^JJJJ dilaiSI ' ; ' lia iSj^uJl ^ ^p'^j^all ^ULall jA ^jjllli 

4juaLa 



^il! ^011 gLLJl ^ cjla j cdJOll gLLJl j 34-1 JjVI ^A\ ^k cjjjS t*Slil 



149 



3®fcik-vmkm 

: Sj>J) J pi — LV) jAL-k. - 2-2-1 
: jjUab f lift! - 1 - 2 - 2 - 1 

AaIIxJ ^^lll 4_1JAa]| j^judlb JaJJjJ jjj-a ^^A j 'LpT-il Jj^aJ Jjijl Sj^juo ajoUJ 
La IjJJ^ <^jV' cJj^ 3 (j' "^^ ^^ 2^J — °J^ (3^° ^^ — ijj- tailjlj *JjjuIill L5 ic 

; ^IxJ AJjS£ _ J^$\ jA jLuiLa (J^^ UJ%. 

cjUK9 cjUK9 (18-17 VV){ ^jLfc<&) j 

jjja cliLuJji]! qa L^iJjS a*j 4_La!>l£]l Aj£juJI jl <Lal& AL^aj LJijll j ;lJ3j]I 
. p(1) p ^M£ll *bV1 jld Uil ^j^l ^Lkill >«j Jc cU*J" 'A^j^l 

. P( 2) P ( LJ JC-V I ^ C> iS^ 1 ) j^ 1 L^ 1 J 

jjiai alU C^M£]| ^^ L_fl<jj]l p j1<ia]| jj-a 0*J c*l]j ^^ic J^Jl j .L^ia ^V-^1 j 
^^ U ^_a2j j& j t^^ia-a j UaiJ o.1ju LaJ AaixJ oJLuU tl^-la ■ a (_gj«-a ^JJ <*J J 'AJ'I j 

jjjjl Sj^juo £y* tiljj (JllLa c4J£ 

: Jk*2 <jS 
. P( 3) P ( 36 VVI ) { jt^ft) J VJ^i ^i ^fiS l^ji Oja^ 



. 64 : o» ' 2002 AjjJJ1u.VI 4:ia ( »lij]| j!j 

U j 2 J*^l ' o**^ <-iljl\ jlaJl O^l »J^ ?^\ lA Jj'"^ti '6^J^' Jri^ (JyJalll JjC tjlaJl :(2) 

. 503 : o-a ' "U-iS ja.^1 ; jkSI : (3) 



150 



3®wk-v'mkm 

^i LJijll Ldiij "*>^"^ AjcJu L5 ]c lJ3j ^gi*-^! aLaj <Jja AjVI ^ LJijll jjl 

(jl (Jj3 cA^V-i ^-SjUaj (J^aJ ^^lll t^Lilailjl (jjljall (j-a *L<Ju]l (J*-aJ (jJjajLaill (JjIjVI 

I Li* a IfrtLj (J-aill u^"** 

Jju^alja ^ Ijallkl ^LJ*Jl jjil cAiuo j$i CJbVI cU^Ija (^Ic ljSjII L»f 

jA ^'nr oil Slcl^a (jl Vj 'xla (j-a m''" j ilAAJC L_fl3j]l jt-^l (j-a M ' <A * iAllx-a 

. p( J) P elJLV! j ^Sjll (^ lU>VI 
. P(2) P Jjjitj cCJbjVI j clJ^I j cJIajVI c> jiljVl jW^W ^ 

: ^jlHib plJjV) _ 2 - 2 - 2 - 1 

^kiji aj3j Ldjj 4 dji_j*^i (_j£ jjc. aj ^jiitj jl ' s^a.Ij Aix^alij Sj^juJi j»jiiii (jl (jj^ 

.(2 Vv) { O^J^l t> ^^ Ufcfe 4A£ j ...} 
. ( 3 VVI ) { c^J^I ^ ^^ j.... ^OSf! ^ V ^! } 

(jjfLll ibj^j^a Uiajl (jUxjtjla 4- tla-V J W'" l-a£— LuV^ (jUS*jUSla]l (jlljVli 

.dlLjVI O^A ^ (^g-lJ-ajl J ^'liroll (JJJ aLa uiJVI 

j^j^j S'jl^ii ^LiLi ty ^4^ ff 5 <2& f 2 J fi^ljji Oj-Cy £&^ j } 
(9 _ g _ 7 _ 6 ajVI) { * ^jSjllail o-» £l£ a\ %& <&J v*^ U i^liJI j 



. 515 : o» ' JjLuJI J^j^I 'j^JI : ( 1) 

^^ 'Sj^« (jjul jliul!! (JAj j huh i (JLol a ^ t5jjaJl (ly! j% jj! £a^l ^^-^ ^V' ' J^' ^ ( 2) 
. 143 : o 3 ' 1997 ^jj^ ' 1:^ '^}-*Ld! c-j2SJ) jIj t j*ixJ! &\p IjSlI ^i j*iill AjJa 



151 



3®wk-v'mkm 



t 



1 

k A ▲ 


| Of | 


d 












3 












a 







jiLjV! ^ U JjS JjUu ( 7 - 6 )OAVI ^ V^ ^&l jj** ^ 
-t jjljjLiLa USf.La. L^V 'u^^' J (j^-^j^l cJ^J S-^'j^ <— a^j^.1 *-« ( 9 — 8 ) 

LA£a.J j 4L_ljJjIill ^ V^?> J ^-^j] f^V. oAaJ t jlj£lill li& jjJ ^ ^>laj]l AJC j 
Jja ^ J^ Cj*^| Ijj CJloKSl L-UJjJ ^ Ulkj tSSlJA jV <*uJi J 4^' c^ 

: L-Sj^L f liflt -3-2-2-1 

^a^c. ^jc ^}J*-a 4jI L_fi^aJI Cll^jk^a ^j-a aAIjc L<uj cCll^jk^a Ail ^-S^a. (J£ (j-« '^4 
<j£ j£i > uj3 4L_ll£jIill jUaj ^ (j^aj^a^J l^Jfl 4_lJj*Jl 4 aKll Clll^j^al jjl j (jjt-jjuo ^ 
(_J£ j U^*-* *-^-lJJ^a Cl)l.la.U (JiluiJ pljLa (j^aLa. *<» a jLlJJ Lgjljo^al ^j-a Cll^jj^a 

. p( J) p £Lu5] j JJi aJ cj^> 

4-ajSJl O^A J^-laJ V (j^ i^gJa-ftil <^Aj^a ^IjSJl L_lUxaJl ^ CJ^j^all ?t±> aJ 

^ dllOakjii Lha.^\j aLa uijVI ?t±i 0.13 cl&j^ Ig aa,^ ^ L&jj Igjli ia. ^ 4jJjjk-aJl 

■ J** 

AjILj I uiiLaJ (jiiJLaJSj j till! aKll aC-LiSj ' ; ' lia toKuioll AjI ^ Lla. c^lji jAlj 

(JjjSj j cAjVI (^ dil^a (jj"^ jjj^l 4-<J£ jj£lia iVj^ ajc AjVI Aaj' V j c^gi*-^! 

pULVI ' '' lia qa bjflj j t<±> ajj ^-^ Jjijl Sjjjoi AaJLa 4 jlj 4 <iKj Lij^j^a 

; JUj ill Jj% 
(> ?j>" m (S^ jj* J& j>i ju A^uiwj aj jj j fj^uflj l^jjj JI£j ... } 

. ( 35 VVI) { ... ft** 



.52:o-'1987 



152 



3®wk-v'mkm 

Clljj^a I^jLj (jjjjl J^" ' '* \!^ ' f-^^ J UJ^' ^"^ U^'^^ U'j^ Ja^^J 
l^ajuo j (jjlaji'l J Ajjlc 4 a J aJ All^a. AJ*J Clll^j^aVI (J^ (jc- j^-V. cs^ JJ3?" « 

_ 0£.lj£]| Jj Aia ^giilll Jj L_l jfll Cll^j^a]! <J*-aJ <Jj 

AJjjlj j^V. ^d^juljl j Sjtajl (JJJ JjJ jj^a-4 Cll^j^a j^3 £.1^)11 L_fi^p. Ual 
Jj IgjJajU J AJC ( ajlaJ j llllL all (_pa*J J UJ^' 2^ ^J^A 3 . J^ J^J^-^ 
(j-a ^J^j' UJ^' U^ '(lA£^ U^'^^ 3 ^^^^ '^J^-^l J 4-*-« A£ljlLil ' . ijl 7- 

AjuoI^) (ja f-\^y\ J 4(JLuli]l L_aja 

A "^ uila Ajclajj Sd^j (_]£ju2 j 4 ( jjj — jU ) Ajjjju»jI AjjIjjII ei& UJ^ 

A£^>a. j LaLajudJl 4 *>■ i aJ (j-ajjl 
J c*Ui x^ljJJ ^£ tL-laji ajl j cA£^aJb ^^JJ Jj^ ajl Cll^j^all (jl c*l}j 

(jjjiil dllji-al oUjuoI l^liAjaiJ Jj ~^ ' ia*J J^V. t^ii^i cdll£^>aJl AxJila Jj Ig-JjSI j 
jjx Igjaa 4(jjAJl Cllljjual j cAJ^LuJl CJl^j^aV' (j£ LS ^ '" J ^la. 0*J (jl (J^aajI qa j 

P (1) PUiajj jJSl CjUx^> (> l^ia j JjVl CJliua 

x^aLoiaII Jc &jjjIjj j ' oKuioil AjI J pliLVI J^H ^^»jaVI .ijjj ^« J 
• ^^xHJ) laLali Aj2U&)jJ) UJaj^) - 3 - 2 - 1 

V J tg^aliibajl AjjJJ Jj ( * a ^'< IgJI J ajjjlajl CllLaKij AjJjIjjJI Aijiajjl x-JJJ 

11 4^K ^^ clgi£ ajjjoijl J (Jj tol£juLajl AjI J AlaJ^Jl j ajjjlajl AaKJI j 

J AJiJl* AjLLj j t JjVl J ^1 Jj^j ^jjjuu c"jjj" A-aK ^ cAjV' ^1^ c^ " M 

AjV^ ^aJ.I a ->■*<" j t4 <Jajul j jl*Jl ^gilx-a (jn^»*i to l&l > ala AasiJjI jAlIa .AjjIjII 

j Ajjaiili (3^i*jil cjj'j 3 ' l>« cs^ ^*^' » lj' ^^ djl_jVl J-*-*j ^;' ; j' ; ^.:°.:^j 
. P(2) P«c3^l c^ 4l^Jl Aj JUS ^ ill Jj^ll jlLVI jA j t< uLsll JUx. 



.27 O^ • Aj^tlil t*USjj^i jiaJVI AjjS^i . CJ J tAjjiill CJlj^aVI . <_H^' ^'j^l : (1) 

.226 :u^ 'ULk« j UUxa Ajjj*JI ^*DI t£)'- uA f^ :(2) 



153 



3®wk-v'mkm 

eLuJVI L_i.laJ tol^uiAjl AjI AjJaj ^ Lla. jAjj ^'A\ ls j*juulJ\\ Lit > iall [jl 
^ U£ J^JJ J ' J^J ^ S^l cff^C Jjj jl l^ia OtLua]! ^^-a-jiXiil ^V^ll jL»J j 
Jail] I AJC '"'j- ^ajl Aaj (Jjia (jj. . 1-ij.La-a J-^j '"<j- aj| (J<aJj c^^^jLijuo La j (Jjiud 
La j&j 4(Jj1aKjI (JjJjJ Aic 4 ;X\I tlua. <jx AJJjxLibajl oAajI AaAjuo Jjijl aJ <&L 
^gJj&Ua (jjj jjj^'ill (JataJ 'tlljA-ail JjAaJ jjl La£ iLuc. l&ULj c^ljj OxJ 4-jVI f^V. 
oAjudll jjj (jjj » aa^i <ULaJl ei& ^ Jfijl jjV t4jjuua (jJJJttajVI .-j» JUj) j jJJjl 
. P(1) P *M£ll (^liuij* jl c^ailill UJij ^Jjja c^^jJl jjj j 

JaJuJalb dlLjjJjVI ^j ojLujV' (l£-<V. ' - Ua t a^l£jl ^ Ijj^ jjjill tf^Ji 
dlljLajgJl J^ <&l t5 lc *jjj t5 AliJJ Lit > ia aJaCi (jl jAlj j .Clljj^all ^ ^ aja Hjl 
(j-a l& jJC. ^ j tLLaajL^a j LjJjjua e jjLul 4jjja-ojI 4 <u£jl ^^A JjJjl A-aK dul£ j 
:xa.!>llLa ^gJjj^all (_gjHjoLajl (jl ^Lij j c^^Kll ^jjuajl aLa uiJVI ^llu tCllLijlui^l 
(JjlajJl [jl /CLaAa ^ j& (Jj ^V-^l (.gjiuioll AjuaLa. (_£ji.VI ll]Ljj*iui.nll *-a 
aJ * j HjI j j J j ll *_jJalj^a (j-C- ' *"'''' *\; iJa^a Lpljl jJaxj] (Jj tOjjjoUJ ^'jj^all 
(Jjjajlul j I aOa ajjl j 46jLi.jJl j Sdjudjl j i^JJjjuajl gJalLajl j c j^-aJl j (jjmfrll j 
JaJj ^J| jjl^Vl (j* iS^Ji i^gia-all (JjSjJuj] LpaJj j 4<Jj^alji]l ^^Ic L_ifljJl j 

. SjjviSI al^J c^V^I t^^L ^jj-all ^ISjVI 



t^- 



llkll jj- ^-^1 jl^a. al JaJLmlj AjJjj^all CIiIjJjajI o^A J^laJ (j^-aJ j 

SPECTROGRAPH <j±A\ ^\J\ J DIRECT SPECTROGRAPH 

(jc. ( Luj^jI (jj%3 ' P Cllljj^aVI (jc- (3^° ^° <-l^ Aij*-<^ S j^VI (j^ ^*Aj^C. jl 

/LLalc- j Aij jj£I ^LlJ ^j Jjj^ajH ^LLalfc lllUJiUJ (JjIjJjajI 



.2040-a .1999 — 1998 ' >IJ^I ^<-«^ tt$j|jj j AjjjxJI Ailil ^jw <. jjIuaUJI SjI^u, 



dJli ^ualiJl e Jf^Sfl JUlLuiI ^Uj ,»J*J . jjaj AJSi : (*) 



154 



3®wk-v'mkm 

: u- *^ LL^ijVj -3-1 

JaJ^>] tt > ia*J LjjlJmJ ^gJj dlLaKJl a ■ ^ (jjjudj ^1 ^UaJ i^ljj jc ( aju&jl jl 
VL. j JJ^I Sjjvill jljJC j^ Vjl cii'j iabSjVI jl ^ cCjUM*Jl j CJX^ll 
^*J (JJjuaSJ Aa!>l*£ c<LjjJaC Aa^lc L^jLjI j c j^judll jjj Al^lxJl jj£2 La Lulc. AjV 
Ajjja^Jl <LaKjl (Jjaui La ^g-lj AiLiaj dul£ tojjjoill ^gi j^ A-«J£ j£] .jLa^j 

( ailaJ j 4aJl*-<Jl (J^axJ ^ g.Lb iajl *Lal£ *-a tSJjiuiS ^^A j P Ac-Lu^j jl£ Ljl 

j fAjjuoVI ^y> <aj g-Lb iajli iAjoiiJ ^V-^l j£aJl<_£.]] jLloJJJ La^iV tLj ■ ia*J ^ Ig-ic 

c*ljj ^glc (JAllI j ftj.^il j^ lillj ISij jj£l JjJjl (jl La^ tLg-llJJ jjjjI 

. ( 5 ^jj ) { Ijjj j-»Ul j f liua ^j^auJ) <jxa. } ; ^Uj aJjS 

^x£ll jjj jj^J tg.Ll> iajl IgJl L-luiJ tig mijj ajjlJ (jj^uJajl jj^ » 

yk jjj <J jjjll 2UK jl tSUi (^ V j . p (2) P« jjill U|Jj L_uoiJ Ljia jUIol* 

&\ ljUS ^ Jg ; ^IjSlI j^ill 

. ( 157^ijftVl){^iaSi^i jjSJilji^l j} : JUaJj*** 

. ( 15 itiUl ) { ^i^ v 1 ^ j jjj ^1 6- ^^ -^ ...}:^ja ^ 

. p < 3 >p ( 8 t-L^l! ) { ^IjflL AiJl jj^ Ijiil^i 6jijJ } : Jbu- AJja ^ 
j^V' t5 J«-ftil t^glc o^ja *■ -^pciil^A x^ t&j£i jj^' jj^' Sjjui ^ j 

J;1C. ijA jj£j jl ji-aJ V l£^I ' P C^^V J £^ajll (^ J^S 'LjLu jtl 
.J^_ 

. 488 : o* ' ^j"^ "ti ch">*^I ' c5 j WJjj^' VJ^J cw ■ i -* a -« 0^' t^- 4 ' J^' : ( 1) 

.980-a 7 ^»3 1994 ; CJJJJJ ; jiill jlJ ; UJJ&U 



155 



3®wk-v'mkm 

. 1182 : <>a ' J*ja-»1! o-j^Uil ; ^Jbljjjjiil : ( 4) 



156 



3®wk-v'mkm 

: u-&i\ ^^x^lLL^SjV) -1-3-1 

■ tajil iiLuoLull (JjLuoj (_pa*J ^ ^^Vl u^?-*-"" JajljJjl cg-^j J -cs^' ^"7* "^ 

; tSllij Ax^alj j 4 jlj£iil j&ULa£ 

ui jji * uui jji * ^i ji jSsji ja j >j^j ji jS2ii - i 

_ | ja a . a^ j 4 ljfl*jla - AjoLalaJI 4 ^1 jil ; LJjIj-aJl — £ 

. Jjj 4 jlj ; (j-aSUil (jjoliaJl J^Li. (jx jlj£jJl 4jjJu — J 

' . it > na II *J>ui iill j t AjLoi^ eliji ;x^^yi]l 0.15* j (J^La. jj-a aLlsJI Jail jlj^J — 6 

(jjjjl^il— jjiblj^ail c UJ*UJ - UJ.U^ u^ 9 . ^ ' ^"1 

— j^jlSI 4 Sj^VI - LiJ-^l J^a <<^jil *J^ K"J A jillill 

JL^VI 

. P(1) P .j^Jj^l- ^jcVl. J^W *jsJl 4^ 

SJjIjSI 4-iMl Jj^JI J] *jaJll *jljSill >U^ c> ' <"^ U^V. ^ 

[j! .d£l£Lu2il pljJl t5 ic jLuc-V' jaUiallll (jfr ( Lu&ii (j^-aJ Lo£ 4(j-ajil ^ 

is j cUll^jj j Lm^jJ Uo*j Uj j \ g Li Uj cCJlaMci l$i ^jSil <j-«iil ^ CjLaKil 

lg£jaJ jl-iLa i jj.tj.n-N, />\l 1 g Uj^ /1 ^i A A<A\ xJijA ^^nj j iA^kL j\ ajAUa (jj£2 
lgj£ ' " 1 > iui nIiLuKjI (jl jjLudll li& ^ Ja^^Lj j cl^lc-Uj j Ig-LaL 2aJ j IgX-buJuj j 
CIiUjjI j cUt-ulJ jj^I dilg-aVI nIi! oKlli aj» unil j AjlclaJl ^ Aa.lj ^jlui^ t5 ic 

iajjc. jjjj j jji 1 Sjjjuo ^ cjIaKJi (jia*j jij^j jji t*iij j.ujj i ^ ^p t*iij jj^ 



i»a^ diJS j . 113 ^ij 106 : o-a ' o-a ill J^ c g^jic i^l ; jJaJI ; Aftljjj j JjSjil <> : ( 1) 

. 25 - 24 : <>» ' U^Jll *^UJLuil <■ t^ 1 ^ 



157 



3®wk-v'mkm 



158 



3®wk-v'mkm 

: ^*^1 LUjV) j Jjsi\ S>Ua -1-1-3-1 

a g > "*< j AlLii^ajx^aa. (j-aaJJI ?tLaJ cCllLalSjl (_>^a*J jljSJJ ^J^jJJi Sjjjuo JJ **" 
^jjfi CllLaKJl oJlA Jla tUl£ l-Laa-x^a LaLa-uiJl aJ (bail l-Laa-x^a I aLa uijl <LaLa uijl ^ 

LjaJl Lji.iA .i£jJ j OjjjouI dlbl (JJJ *a.MjjI 

; JbLi aJjS ^ J jii J*ill jj£i y Jji ^ia 

( i Vvi ) { 'djj& ^ pOu pgi ty uosi j uu^jfl j uurpi j SjjL } 

: p(A) p ^Llal! jii ^ jj£ii *j 

^iac-j^ j *£L3 <> ijii ^i ;> ^ j pulf* pi? <4$ ^r$ -^ j} 

' ."( 34 VVI) { MSiU 
.( 46VVI){ 0^*¥** J\*^6* <4^M'3p^P$^$\ &} 

A j 4I4K AjVI Jj-la. ^g-lj cJ*ill la. ja.VI jA <_£.i*J jljSjll jjl JJJJ La jA j 
.lA.i*J ^gJU La j Iglijuo La *^aJ cAjV' JJ^aLlC (_pa*J 'j'j^ cJj <Lll£ (^)I^)^J (jfL| 
UK (^)I^)^J jl£l £.Ijjuo iAjoiiJ JlaJl ^j ^g-allj CllLaK jlj£lL Jjill Sjjjuo j;l<aJJ fcjljl£ 

JjVI g-laLajl 4 ojjjuijI AjIaj ^ jjL jA La£ 'LlJJa. a I 

A£jjJi-a c t!ljjJi-a c ^'3^' ' ^H'3^ 

lj.ila.li i o-iia. AjLa c u-iljic 

ojLjjuoa t ?.I^_JuAjujI t i^ uiA 

4_llc C5 *IaJ *JaLa <j£ (jl ^jLuill liA ^ Jaa.!>bj 'Luja. Ijlj^J Clljj£j 
LjSil LkjIjJ JjlaJ La jAj - g-lalla]l iillll ^LlilLall CjLaKll ^ ilAjjlC. (jjj CjLaK 
liA j-ajj£l .Ljajl *JatLajl <_£jloLa ^C <Jj iCllLjVI (>« 4_llLiLa (_gjluba ^^Ic (JjlJ 
A^Ull AjVI (^ <aji& CjU .i*J j tji.1 JjLjai ^ j^kS jl CjLaKll »JA dlJj V 

; Mia Jk*l A} J ^J 

; ^Lu Alji ^aj AjI jjjjJuc j-a jKl 0*j j 
. *tuil jjJJ Ij^ulu Jjlaill ^2 A r^ji nil xjjJ . ^ ja. Jjxaji Jl^iial c-Uiia tJaLa jal ; i*\ 



159 



3®wk-v'mkm 

jAill j JajljjJl (jj^aj jA ajjjLiij! J jlj£jJl L^-pjJ Jul L_ajUajll &&I jjj 
^ uLi 4 aKa .(jjjLoill <LaAk J (jj^Gl (JstaJ j tlAjjiaJ j AjV^jI (jc- ' Luj£j3 
Jf£ c*Ui ' . ijl a Jj iAjl (jj^judfr j (jjUjI AiLoLa Jc j t(jjilLa a (JjMjjuo J dlJjj 
La LJjIjjJl (j-ai i jiLiill jl oLjaJjl j\ tLJjIjjil (J^La. (j-a ^ A ?* all Jajjl (jj^J 

: afV.Vl oJJlA J 6^j 

<J "0 'Lite ^ li^T (U$f <J taaAUl &~u at 6jS?4 (Ul^ j b! } 

. ( 19 VVI ) { dJ^* V <£i j ^u J ^l j SJiV! j t^» 

; jLu (Jj3j Sd^l J AjI ^*J aj 

.(21 Vvi){j^ij fUSbiib^g^ifl 

JaLu'jl jl 4 \ ^ J LaJ j Iglijuo LaJ AjVI -^-Aj' J ^3*^.?"V ^JjIajI JaLu'jl (jj 

lJM^I Jj tf3i * p( J) p ^ISJI jjj*j ^ Jc JUJll j JUJI j JLuJb AjV' 
; JLu aJjS (jjj lj^Ij^VI 1-^^ tl > ia*j Ljjlj3*j (jc. djLjVI lh**^ 

. ( io y^ ) { "^ yfe &i y j ^^j j && &\ is*** Vj2 j } 

LjAjLtJ al " 'aVoll j Lijjl Aa. OJjJUJjl JjI j£i La] AjI Jl ^J*J L_Ujal]l j 

; JLu JlSa I ji*i La Jc AjjitJL 

{ fjL± ujI^i a^I <jl j <LiAAj j <*%!£• 4it J^afl V jJ j } 

(j£ 2~Lu &J (jj *La£^Jl (j-a j cA-<^aJl Jc A : lii^ 4jlxil (jl ~j^^ J*-« J 

axJI ^ll (jl Vji oL*-a jjli (jj^julxll AAiLk Lai j iAliL^Jl p j3j AJC Aljjiu ' _lJAo 

IJlA AJC a^UjI LaJ a^J L_ SljJ j filial a^JJ (jL A-a£^. (^^>^l ^3 j 4 a£-a^.j j f%lc- 

P ( 2 >P^i*Jl^l]l 

ciiLjVI ^2a. j 4 I g SI j > u l_ujiLu Laj (JjIjVI jj>j«-il dj\_jVI aj^- ( * a .;^ cj^j Ja^.!iL 

Aj (j^alkl LaJ 1 j ! >»'"a ^ (jj» t^ij^ail (j^a xjJaj-a (J£ (jl^3 cL^sLjjuo i^-Loil jj LaJ (jj^jouul 

. 247 : oa ' 5 : £ « <^^l ' jj^I J «=«^l s^ 12 <J JJ^' ^ ' J"l : ( 1) 

^jiil ^1 AjIjjj ' JriJ^I sj^ j JjjJjJl »jJ ' ^SliuiVI (-jJaaJI £j Umi Aill JjC jj) t jlaJI : ( 2) 

. 179 : oa t 1991 &jjh 'l:-la ' V 4 ^ 1 S^ 1 J ,J ' cfJlj*-JjSfl 



160 



3®wk-v'mkm 

qa 4a. j ^IjSil ( _ll laaJl ^ lAjJC. (jjj SjjLaJl jljJa.1 jjj 'I^A (JA jj£I 

4 *J." "'*■*' J j*^ ^J ^ o*£ \-& &* I j2b jjjjfij j aSILjuL Aj jaSj j) I 

.( 15 VV ) { "{£* &\ '<& JA J ^ 

.Ajla j aJSju Ajc-jIulj aj iAJJb ^M£]l jjLudJyi ^,'^'\; jl (Jj-aVI » u^ 

. p ( 1} P « jt^ j lMI uj j c3^ ! ^^ j ^Vl 
: ^»x^) LLhjV) J ojjj j Q^L-^1 - 2-1-3-1 

LiJajU AjJsjU *-a (J-^-HS u'j^' U^ '(J-aaUlill ^ ^■^■» all JallSjVI (JjIjuoj j-a 

; j jjJI JjiJi ^ Jjj La c*l]j j£ (JHa£ j 

.( 33 jjSll ) { ^lf iJSl ^1 

UAaJC-I IJI 4L_£il£ cJ*il] jliA4 dllj ajuol Igjl ^^It L_Aj£]l *LaK j-a a^ij ^fl 
(j-alJJJ jja. ja.1 jAuiflJ ^j A^iil I^A JjIaIllu (j-aijl jai j£j tAJaaJl j^j L5 ic 

^ j j^^ VVI <J v^l u' ^^ { f*J^ } : J 1 ^' ^j 5 t* ^^ ^^ 

; JU Qx* i( _& 127 ^ ) ^JuajlVi (J*^ail Jjl jUSt cP*^l IJA J] j .CJlJ fjJ 
(jJ^il J (Ci cAjjIxaJI j L_iU*J| OJ;l^aJ J cAjjl£-d]l£ L_l_jl£ jAj^Ojd L_llj£jl J » 

. P( 3) P « ASSUIoJI ^U-<J] UUj j ^!j]| j-aill fr l ja.i j^ JaJj 4l±uij j-alUll 

Laa_uiLa Laa.^ULa Al*aJj_ I ■ 'ax 1 AjJaxJ ^)jo±3J 

. 3726 : oa ' 7 «ila-»ll ' jj*J211 ^ (j-^^fl ' t$J* Jri*" : ( 1) 
-223: u-a ' 10 Jia>JI ' fJjSlI c)TjUI jj-jj ^ <>UaJI ^jj t cttJil ^^ ' </-jftfl cP^I jj! : ( 2) 

.225-224 u- ^1 jfcl 
. 48 : o« ' oaill j^J t t^ijic aaaI ; ( 3) 



161 



3®wk-v'mkm 

: JS1\ ^^1\ LUSjV) _ 2 - 3 - 1 
: Ojgjl VV) _ 1 _ 2 - 3 - 1 

A^Sj CjUKSI oiA j£] tUlaa. Uabjjl SjjviSl ^ JaJJjJ ALUl CjUKSI j! 

Ula Uluj (jj j cjljSil j£j-« L§jV ctdii j*j p jiH j cAja jSIulS j l_sj& ^1 

Ai^ij j < j^uii Sjjviii l.^ Ji^' <^i ^ii yyi ^] ' p( 1} p ^i*^vi cS^ 

; oKuiaiI AjI LjjI tojjjLiij! ^ t5 Kil ^ a ^» all *La mJVI jc ( aju£j* ^gjjl JaxJl 

.( 35V*I ) { c 1 ?^ 9 W ^^^ ?o* #• l£j^I j ^Ijl^l j& & } 



<Ull dlljj (Jj^ala JaiL cUiajl ojjjoijI jljJC ^^A ^^jll JjJjl A-aK j£jj Cl 
(-jbVI C5^ 4^ ' ?( 2) P C'JJ^ 1 J Vj^ 1 C5^ ejAlSa* j sjIjL jjJjM Aj3 j£jj j 
^^le Jjj CjLaK jlj^J JJ^. L« J^ J cSjjuiJl 0J& ?.Uj l^ilc aj3j ^gjll (j^AVI J 

ajjjuill ^ *jJaj-a j-a _J&\ ^ jjJJ ( ' " it jjj (JlLa ; JjJjI 

jjj t5 ic jjj j£$ i.Jil\ Al^ilaJl JaiL AJjjLa (jjj JjJjl A-aK l_J£.La. 

. JjJjl IJ^-J 1 g \y A 'y AJjliLa l_J£.La. aj 

^jJa. c^LJxll j (Jjjui^.all JJJ IxjuoIj li^lj».l oKuioll AjI dlSjC i^ljj *^ J 
di^Ljjlj diSjc 'OJJC- j 'l5J-^' <-_i^j^I j tAA.La.jjl j oKuioil (Jj-a CIiLaK j[jl 
AjIjLjj j 'j' taaul AilJUJ Ijju .(jiaLjl JjjIjjI j i jAUall^Jx-a]! JJJ x^j '^^Jj^ 

AjLaiii]! j AjjlaJl 

<Jja jjjLajIj jjjjijjl j ^jiLlI jjjoiflj ^j jj*j L_i^lja.VI IJA jIjjV j 

C5^ L>° iS-^ '.O^S^^ J ^-jIjLajo^I Jjj <&! » ; (Cjjiajl Jj% JJjuolilill j-a °J^- 
AJ^^Liajl ejJa. j-a ^-^ J 'UJ^fcJ jsJl (^l °JJ^ ?£$ i 0^ a S^^ J ^'jLajoijI 

aj 4 6j£ji Ajudij JjJJ (^LxJ Jdl I IJJ jlj _(iljj ^ Jjjljjl (JAI ( aiia.1 J 4(jjAJuaJ*J 

; Alja ^ f.L|jl ^gJa-a (^ ljaiia.13 4 j^jaII jjj j£j 

{ ? jj> l£* } 

; a^I£J| ^gix-a IjJlS j (JxjaJI j£j j-« ^^A ~^ ■ ^■»; Jlis tSjjlc ^^ a!Ac 

p(3) P«SHJL a Jla jljSl! j jUjVI c> Ajla ^ (gill j^jJl jjj Jl* 



. 213 : O* • O^l AjmUjJ . rliiLa Xaa-a . jJail ; ( 1) 



. 2486 : s ' 4 -ila-^l ' (jij^l J^a t^ t uiial Jj*<u t jJsjI : ( 2) 

jjj Ljj^» A^ju . jjjmjj^l pjj$ -Aujjjlil Ac j-lujaII jjaj -,322o< a • .9 ' ( f a(i • oW^' J^^' c$j^' : ( 3) 

. CD ROM j— 



162 



3®wk-v'mkm 

^i 4j]a yli. ^-^l <~\ u^.a t^ja SI£ju1a£ t- ^Luo j AjIc. <&l ^^^a - **■*•*■ ^ ^&* <&l 

dl^Ljjljil ( alia a (jjj » aaJ (_£j±L]l jJ-uiflJ jl JaA.!>U _ojAj^a Aa.H.^1 (AaIaJ 

. JbaJl j ^^1 jc AjajUJI ^UJl ^jjj ^il! ^JUJl ^ jjll : AaUJJI - 

aAL (jk jl£ IJj i^UljVI (^j L-ijud^l j c^jiiil j^joiJail rjjil : Sja-^il - 

SjaVI »\^.\ j '.'J'" r^'jJ C5^?-^ Aji J 'i 1 ^' ""^ J c3'^>^VI 

AJJ^I L_ aj*J l^ia^jjL-AJ jj cAjJljjill AjjjuiJjI ^IjjVI AajLud]! AllLaVI (JiaJ 

. P(2) P CJJjll j tSjau&l j i£\ \>™\\ j 
jjk *£**$& ( a ■ a j j i^jjja^x^all A^j L_lA j LJ JJJ^I (J^J ^^^jl IJiA _>J^J 

jl jJjjai^l (> JJJ^I ^lj Jaa Ijj^ Hi c P( 3) P A^Ul S^XJl Jjx^l jja 

l^jli ajjjjjjI HI j cAjla jjj ^Lii <oajI j 1 Ajla Aa.Ia.jjI j < jxj^il ^^a oKuioil 
v -*p AjujJi]| jjj j ajiaill jjj Ajji jjJjI HI j i Ajjjc. V j AjS^juj V .Aju^ajiJI 



3jKJI ; (»jjSil £)Tjil! j^ jjjS (^jI jiaJI .328-323t>a c 9 J^l cJj^I £^j^I ' J^JI : ( 1) 

3: £ t»j4lill u a^n-i^l) jIj t j^»lc tr">* iU^h (jj^aj iciLwlil jjinil . ^jni^ijll jJaJI- .357-356 o 3 

. 127 - 126 : u- 

. 286 - 285 : u* ' 2000 ^jj^ ' jSill jlJ 

Cjjjjj cl^Jac <Li a J«Jl c-uSJl jlJ . JjSxaII njj^ Jjliall ^j^ ■ •* ASfll j^j . Ajau (jjl >LaVI • jiaJI ; ( 3) 

. 238 : o- . l : g 
. 3773 : oa ' 7 «ila-*i) < jj*-iii! ^ o-^l ' t$J* Jri*" ' J^ 1 : ( 4) 



163 



3®wk-v'mkm 



AjI t> AjIjj t(# SaVl iajljSSl c> ^^^ ti^V. c^ 1 C5^*^ ! ^J^ 1 

; JUj ajjS l^ja jjjj AjVI oiA cjil£ lili » SliuLoll 

{ pt&j <> ftjjii &i ^ jj^ jj^ J^ jj^ } 

uUyyi Aijfl (> £^» Aijfl. (> £^» dLu«j ^aJ jaj ^ U d HS jl } 

(40VVI){jj^c>^^ 

Jjj^JaJl j ^J^Jl ^gjx-a j£jJ lA.laJ 4 Sj^judll JjljJuo ^ JjJ^I A-aK LlxJJJ jla 
A^JJJ* (jiiilll axilla JlLaJ ^^jll Igjtalu^a j Ca!i\Ja A-aK ^j U^laj j] Ldj^ <.^yA\ 
^ LaLaJ ^jJ^laLiLa (j^J tlllLalla j c jjj (JjIaKjI lj.la*j] '(3»Jl JJ^ 0° t&jtxJjV 
jA (Jj c Sj^jouI ^)JC (j^J La jA j cLaLaJ j ial jj* ^ (J£ uaJ ^jlj^j^aJ ce.laJj AjLoLa 
4 al£ j cS^a (jj^jjafr j AjUjI JjJjl <-^JJ >iSa iAK ^gjljSj! (j-ajjl ^}JC (jSaJ La 

I 'P _ LjaJl S^a (jj^judfr j AjUjI CllJjj IgjtaluLa j a^Ua 

; ^j-a la^UaJl JjJjl Sjjjoi ^ lAJ t5 KJl ^^■^■» all aLa uiJVI ^jj 

I^Ta'u''^ j iQiiA aSAliiA j cA^a. (jx JjJjI A-<J£ jlj^J j!^ (j-a lJjIjjjI 

lgi£ Sjjjudil ij^-^ a\\ ^gliuaJA A-ajLi. Cll^L^ 

: (j j-^jjl Ia-|)>l) - 4 - 1 

(Jj^ajll dlLa^lc J^Li. ^j-a JajljjJl ijc ' ; ''^;^ i^jajll ^gj'iuioll jA ^kl ^jlui^a 
(JLaJI A_lijl j cAJ^aj^a^ajl ^.LajuoV' J cojLuoVI t-\ A "^ J c J ^ / " """ J 'J' ^ a " J 
(_LxaJj V A : laJajuo CllLaK JajljJjl (JjLuoj Q\ t^llj C5^3 ^ J '^J^" J U^*3^' J 

*■ 'p A^j^La tillable. (JJJ -JaJjji <_£ jla-a 

Cjljii! JaliiV ^j^IaJI fzjutl) iJ&lA\ JjC i»a-4 UajI jlaJI .230^ ' »J?*-^I '<>^jl! 6^^ 'J^l :(1) 

.438 j 725:o- '1988 ^jjjj 'J^l jlJ 'frij^l 
. 300 : o» ' 6' j - ua> ^ . > ' ^Ij^V J s j '^ aa ^l J o^l ' ^'j^J^ (# J ' J^l : ( 2) 



164 



3®wk-v'mkm 



165 



3®wk-v'mkm 

^J| oJjLa-lj Ldjj j t4 aKll j£jJu AJc g*\; V Ajjaiil SOfrlSil jjJ jjj 

(jx j i^^Jx-iJl AjlaJ ^ <JaC (jx AjJjJ ^° J '^laaJl cJ^' J ^ -"'^" ' ; u£ jli CL_ll£jIill 

AjjajJl ia.ic.LSj! (jjj l^Lalaj JjjjjiLiII Jjla. ^^jJl 4 La-LaaJl Al^lxJl 4_La&l ^gjU LiA 

. p(1) pjijai"u-3iij 

^i AjljUaA jc j t j-Lm iall 2^^>° U^ ' ! ' w ;^ tAjjaill Jajlj^l jc CllaJjl ^ 

. jadl j p jil! 

AjV (Jj taJjiLa AjVI jl L4I0 ALiaJl jjoij jl j£xJ V SjjjoJI jl » t^llJ 

AiuJl (JlLa j-a (J-aJJl ^J^ J& ^ t5^j ^^^J' -^ J 'l5J*^' ^'^.!' l V U-^J j* 

aI^Io j-a ^IjSJl 1 _ll laaJl LJj^la Aj L_ aj*J l-« (_]£ J i(Jjjjll L_lLlJuol j tO^Ja-ajl 

^V' (jjl*J' '-*j 13^° ^* u^ cs^i J^^ ?>}-^i ^* 'j^ JJ^' bjjjji ^gk j 

.LgJ AjJL^VI AjIjJI JdaJ ^gJjl -laJ^>]l (JjLuij j-a &JJC- jl tOjlxJl Jj"" <aj\j 

; L5 ic LJjSjll (jx AjV t^i ciV j* 
. 4-l±£ jSj! JajljjJl - 
. AjjLa jl! iaJ.1 jjll - 

. A^uyii^ijjii - 

AjJj£jJj| JajljjJl J-ij^J Ja_j)jJ_J i j.i^ali»Jl j-a aLls. jA (j^aj (CI jV 

_ P ( 3 >p A^UVI Jajljjll J cAjJl! jll iajljjll j 

: jj-ttt Sj^u, ^ Jl^&) j-Q- 1 - 4 - 1 

t5 jaij]| (jxjil j c^bjiail j-ajil (jc jajolJ cj-ala. j-aj (jJljSlI j«jjl ijj 



. . 104 : j- ' 1:£ 1999 j^ « 59 Jl?-ll < mIjVI 

. 101 : t>« ' O^l £J**J ' Jpj jAj t jiaJI : (3) 



166 



3®wk-v'mkm 

( i Vvi ) { 6jj£^ r&u pOu pgi iy uosi j uu^ j uurpi T^ } 
&ac.>4 j ^ip <> 'j^ '&&& i>^ j p^i-> ^ <4$ ^r$ & j} 

' .*( 34 VVI) { MSiU 
( 46VV'){ f#^»H*a J! fUSy (> ^Jfc 2>l j jil^ rtT UljSi Jil } 

' ial ^" (_3 ' iafljl o 
(j-ajil JJ^J C5^JJ 'l£J^' ^tSLbJo ^ OJjJoill ^ ( jlkJ l (jxjil JJ^V. J 

(25-24 cAfVI ) { iyill JaJ) jA &l y 6j2L J J^JI f+W &1 f&&« 






la-La 






. 87 : 0» .2001 ' jO^ 1 ' V> jlJ ' t^U^ 1 tjUaiJl fUaJ ' <jil2>» ^IaII JjC : ( 1) 



167 



3®wk-v'mkm 



*.( ii Vvi) {..."^^ 



? * Aa *■ » , £ .o 



.(12^VI) {... •j-3*L-Jl*jl } 

. ( 13 VVI ) { ... ttifr ^4jW ^ Ijte Vj2 } 

. ( 16 VVI ) { ... 12 jjL U ^ ^j^u, J! Vj2 } 

ojj ^JW » j* jll jl Vj ^LaJLi ck^j' c^l VjJ : -i i^jj UK j 
glUj jjSc jjll jjjIa jl jaluii Jc. U^ p( * ) Pa : ijUjjU1I j A^jUll ^j jc 

'P « (J-al£ jaj ^^Ic ( *<"»■>■ j OJJJU ^54^1 J 'Lla. ■ """* La J ttillAa. La AjuaLa. 

P( 

(jk JG^l La ljJ^3 cAjjaiil 4_LajVI j<« jlaJ ajjjmjl jl c*UJ ^5-J*J V J 

al^VI (jLjjuo ^ t5 JU l$Jl 4j^aLk cAjjI^aluoVI J JAajJl 

jAJJ (ilii jjli tlg^aLa mjl j IgJajljJ ^gJc OjjjLtil! ^gi AiajVI laflLaJ (, aj£ Lai 
SjjjaJl jl tiUJ ^gic (Jjj^jI j AiajVI JH °J^ ->^J^ L$'^ J& fjjUaju\ j-«jjl jl ^ 

; jJgHa^a j^AVj L>°3^ '"^ 

: ^j^f c^" j { ... ^^>i 'Sjjl« } 

fjj j 4j& flji U ^Lu jS jj^j^l j pljLaLil ^i La,^J jl VI } 

. ( 64 VV ) { '?# *<P J^ ^1 J ij^ ^ <4^ ^) OJ**L« 

^ <^J t>j vj ja Sjjvji ^ j^jii ji j^jj cAjigiii j aji^ji jju j 

l_iLijuoV OjW- 3 * j '^-i*j j 'AliJV Aiji. ^ jAii (ilJj aJV-^ j 'l5-^' j ^gjullajl a^a 

L^SLuiiJ UaJj ^gJU Aiajl j<a jiaJ V SjjjoJI jl >C.J P Aj'j^a. j ^-Jj^J 

j-ajjl j «jLuJIj (_5^JJ cA^LlLaj ^Jajljla t5 jUa 4^>aVI ^*j' <aJ jl ^gjJaLa]! AjUj <aJ 
LpV ' j*j (J^ jc- j-aJuoJ ^>-aVI ^'° < ;'°^ ^ 1 g &J 'W^ (a^^VI 2^^' j cr^^' 

jj- <3*Jl ^Laa. ^>JC j c4_LajVI ' *" jla a ^ Jl_l^.VI ' .' LLaJ 

- j»^*^ j^JI - fej^ J^a 6^ H^l J >lj^l J^«J ^ Jaaj historiccime V^J^ 1 (*) 
Dictionnaire - Hachette- Encyclopedique- France - Spadem -1997- P :901. 

..81:<>a '(/iTjUl t-jlkaJl ? UaJ to^U^ dL*il JjC : ( 1) 

. 235 : 0= ' «-jjl«Stl ^ cj^lia . u^-P jil« • jJaJi • AiJi Jfti aJ) c_a j U ui.ia : (*) ( 2) 



168 



3®wk-v'mkm 



^i j Ig^aLa uijl ^ ^AIjuoJ c lg-13 (j^j^l cUtc ^^ic bLucI Sj^juJI -JajljJ £j] 

:, — jjLJg L^lji) _ 2 - 4 -1 

*■ 'P AjuaLa. AiilajJ Igix AijUa (j£ j ala J aJ i^j^*^' J^ A 6, cg^^J 

-t5 jIjSil (J^ail! ^gi dlblxJl j OlxjVI S-iOxla jAJJ Aiilajll eJiA (j£l 
dlLaJj^il tllLjVI (^ A-lC-^Liil ( aia*jl dlljjl ^gjlx-a ^jjxJJJJ *A j c!>liLa ^jjjjoiLilla 

. p(2) p Luj liMlkl SbVl ^ ^U^ ^ IjalSaii cUjjc j £jj£]1 j 

(Jll^LjjLul J^*J ^Joij La jA j C(_L*aJl j CllLiKJl QiJ JaJ^>il ^ IAjjJj iA^ljC-V' 
jA AjV taaji all (JJx c*llj ^ Alia iL^jjLa ILaiJ ftjj^ll (j'j^' L5^ J^"^' iT.' ^" 
^ ^Ij jjjJl djjjuo ^ P <*>P LJ^l^VI IJA Jla < P( 3) P A£j*Jl ^.^ : jiVl 

I piau JjjS I^umj uUIb ulAtui AijS (j-a } 

AiL-bVI ,Jg" CjUl^ " j^ £* " ^lauJl " jJjJJ tSljL ^jjJl I J » 
aj±i. 1^11*" L_lLajuo" j ' -Uiibajl ^j L_njuJl AiLjaj (ja j\ 'A^Lu AiLjaj Lajj ^^Aj 
"uU^" Jl (^ic " CJUl^ " j^ ^ ' Vlauua " jJjJJ <4jjj JjjI I ji j ." A3ja ^> " 
" ^lauua " Jl Jft " CJUl^ " ^j j' ^lauya " ^.J^ UJ^' ^(...) J^> ^ 

' p(4)p <<tlJ ui]i]i 

; (jJJjiaLa ^gJc ajjjoijl ^ (fi jajjl JaJ^I (J^=^j ^^ (jALa 

L_jjja ^aa dib AjIa.1 ; Uj uiij AjVI ^jlui^ 

Auu (_^Aa Clib AjIa.1 ; Uj-ijJ LaJ3 dsLjVI (^jloi-a 



. 125 : U^ • UU)la ULLu AujxJl Ailll . <jLuA aL«j . jlaJI ; ( 1) 

572 : o-a '2001 <3^>J ' jSill jlJ ' jjnitlll u& ^a AjjaJil cJljjSfl t jj**^I i»^i J>*a-« cjkJI : ( 2) 

. 41 : o* ' ubtiiVl j AjLj^I 4 £\Ha ia^a i Jal\ : ( 3) 

. Jala SjjuJl JilJ ^LmL a lil (jJiaj 



169 



3®wk-v'mkm 

.305-3020- 

. A^V^I CJliM*Jl J] Jlill Jajl Jill JjUj ^ jaJJl iajl jSSl jl <>U 

^iajuoVI J^?Jl Al<^ Jia.!5b ( 10 - 1 ) SjVI U£ ^ ' cJj^ 1 ^ W °^ 1 (^ 
CjLjVI (J^.1^ >iIuiUilll (JJaaJ ^^ic jfaJl j I^HiaII JJJ ^UjuoVI AiMc- (_U*J Cilia 

! ^bu AJjS ^ La£ i LJJjSil <_£AajI ^gJc JajljjJl Jljjj ^5^Cj 

{ uurpi ^ } 
( 2VV) { sa* ^ ^ J*>j tS U%ti *#J« j **0« } 

j^iJa Jj^j (^ (JJ-aJJ c5j;lJJ -^J J '^Jjjil Aa^lc jA j iLJ^j^a ^jljj Jajlj 
j t^jll ^j*^j ^1 j LJlVl UJ^ ^1 Jj^ J) 4^) ?(2) P ^ L ^ 1 cJ^t^ 

*■ 'P LaAjaia.la ^gjj (_cijl j duj (^iil 6 J£^ Jajj^l cs-^*-* ^ \; A ' '- 



<aJ 








j l ill. 11 


Cif$ jj^zjaI] 


ajbuOjl ^Lajail 


jjLajJall 




42 


250 


57 


19 


434 


64 



. 113 : o- 3 : jr 't^j^ ' 



170 



3®wk-v'mkm 

CJja-i <1^a . ujIjVI 4jI£ CJljj»iia . ^^iJajJl jaJJl 4jjI»J ^ »JjJai ^Jlil . JSjlaJl .U^i ijIaJI :(2) 

. 126 : o- ' 1993 J^jll « 4*j*Jl d**JI jlJ « ^tu-ljJj 
. 337 : oa ' 2000 ^jj£ ' <^U*JI <^» 1:-^' OU^I J-** vL^V Jr 4 ^ 1 ' J^ 6^5 ' J& : (3) 



jj£l ^^A j c lj;L<uJa434 A-^ jjLdxiall JJC jjl jaj* AjI (jjlui j £-Jjl ^^ 

^jli ( j^ > ala V I jA jjLuJall L_aJA j^>jl (jl£ lij j .t-g-}£ ojjjouI ^>i£ IjLuoJjI Jajljjll 

(jljSil ^ji jjLuJall (jx Jj£ jj£l IgJ ^glll A-aJj£Jl AjVI ^5^C (JllLalujI Sjjjliij! ojA 

aK^I 

t5 lc CliLuxul AjI iJli\ L_iU£ ^ (jjdjj AJl c^^-a ^jc Ajiac (jjl (jc c!l]j JaJ jaa 

; ^IxJ a1j3 ^ Jjj Ld-a jj£l jjLuJa 

(3 1 VVI ) { . . . b*J^$ <> 6*^=^ P^J^ J2 j } 

Jail (jl Ja^^b ' ; ' lia _ *■ 'P IjJyuJa ^jjjjjuc j A h\a\ ( _ 5 ]c Alalia ^^A j 
(j^JJC 4 La a (ilij J*J jjLuJall t5 JU aJ 4J.VI Jj' t5^ 4a.ljj^a jj£j-a CIiLLgjaII 

. ALLuo AjAsJ J Ajlx^.j^li 

. U-^JJ^ .. U — ^=S 
. l$ia . . j$jij j . . JJJJJ V » -% kill— L»J— 4^) 



J 



171 



3®wk-v'mkm 






u 



J 

J 
J 

.* 

J 



J 



J 



172 



3®wk-v'mkm 









j 
u 



J 






173 



3®wk-v'mkm 



.* 

i 

j 

u 



otj^ ^ 



(jjlikj La 



. LM-^J 



. 24 : o 3 ' 4 : £ < £ljM ?jk ^ lMj^I ' tr^jjN ' j&l : ( 1) 

^ j^a <Jal JjlaJJ-J cliLajlx-all ^ 4 t l«£ ^>j£I ^jj^j Ajs £jV '*y &j\\ S^li^il <jSaj 

. ( 31 V*l ) { fU-S« PG> J* IjJ*^ (J ^1 jUa!« ji } 

jAlj La£ j' > ail ^gi*-"^ 4-aj!>La <^Aj < * A ^^ cs-^*-* (J-o^J (JaJall 4 aKa 

L_ulxJl AJUj^a ^j l—JaLa all AJUj^a (jx Jt£i3V! 

.(12'vvi) { "&* ' J a»i 1 '& ijM 

^ AiJUJl jWS AjI ; Sjj^ t£uK AijS3 V L. JjSj <]*^j cjUSSVI ^^ jV 



174 



3®wk-v'mkm 

. p( 2) p jUjVI ^ ^^S3j ^ill JiaVI g*jll 

dlljjl Jj£2 La IjJJ^S cdlLjVI (jjJJ (jJ^jI <_£jajJl JajljjJl (_gjlubft ^gJc Hal 

jj£l JaJjJ jljjl ; ' flioaul Sbl (jl (JJJJJ A^L^a^j 4jU»j j 1 lfrlk.1 j Aj.V (j;}J -^Jj' 

.Igjutjj j tSjjjaij! e^A ^ diLjVI ^ > ^ ^ c5-^« t^ic ^jj ''^" 
ULS US U^u Ul cUJl ^ ^IjliSVI ^ U Ulc. <^l cjUll iajljll J^k 



.52 : 0» ' tr^l J^aiil t ■iJlj^JJ c5 J J J£> J ' ^M-^l ^jjIaJJl 5-uilj^l t Jal\ ; ( 1) 
.104: <>a ' ^JJIj^I fc^! t^ OliiWI cjjiu.1 ; JJa <>a t jlaJI : ( 2) 



175 



3®wk-v'mkm 

; Mia (Ja. j jc AJ j3 ^gi 
^A <&) '£& <M jli f iJ^iib IjjU JJ Jll f \'±$2t AjujL AJc- Ijf la. Vj2 * '<j£w 

" . ( 13 - 12VV1 ) { j y^ *fc ^ 

jjLajJall (jMa. (j-a JajljJJ j 4 MA (CI Vji (jMa. (j-a (jUajljJJ (jlljVli 
JajljJj! (jl (jjljlli . t ^\j' SjIjuoVI AJ^I J t<L tailajl jjLajJall (jMa. (j<aj Ah alajl 

Ig <^Mj j tliLjVI ^J > *\ <£ (J^J t^qt^ij JajljJ CjLjVI ^ j cdiLjVI tJJJ c£j^-^l 

j±\ Aa.j (jfr ( Lu^Lai (^jfrLajl JajljjJl jjli cdlLjVI (j£ Jajl^>l) S^F" AiC (^Ja. j 

S^j^jjuill (j-aaill a^MJ Aa.jI QA 

:^Jl\UjJ\-3-4-l 

^gjj! toKuioil AjI JjfljJl ll& lAjl j c4_u^Lk 4jjj£jJ A-JJJJ JJ^I Sjjjoi jjJ-oJJ 

AK ^IjSil (j-ajjl ^ (Jj cl$K ajjjLiij! ^ AjJjJI o^A ' ; ' lia (j-a 4 ;■ ajj ^ (J-aaJ 

<-_aj*j AjVI [jl c^^J^' ^-^° lS'j^ 'cSlli jj.uij LajjS (jjjoijIoJl JjLa. ^a j 

f.M*jl <^J*^ 'J^' (JJ^^ u'jSjl t5^ UJ%. U' J^' L>° t!^JA (j^i till! > talaJ Ajgbaa. 
1 cLjujjI <-_aj*j (jl Aj3 aLlsJI cluij V <A_ilj li-joba j aLolhj Iajj AjVI (jj 

Ajc ji Ajjliuij Sljj (Jjiaa. l^ja ?7 jojj Ajoujj AjjLLuoI Sljj c!lli& (jli 4(_^^kl SjU*j j 

<y Ajjl^luol j (j-ajjl ^ \jjal (jSaJ 

dlljjl jMk (j-a IjxJjflJ ^ajljj" (-U?^l -^IjJJ "aI^I JULa (jL?." aj^Laj3 
CJljLajuJl jjj <&l ;l^Lfl l-a] La.LJajl j IjAuij AjCjill (J-aaJl (jj^J3 c4_u^Lk 4_lJjuoli]l 



.41 o 3 ' 1 : £ ' OU^I fj^ ^ 6^j^l ' tr^jj 3 ' :( 1) 



176 



3®wk-v'mkm 



(jiajVI J CllljLwudll jjj <Ull 



1 



^Llt^a^a l^Jfl Sl£juLa£ OJjJ (J-!* 






^ J ^ SW J=" V J AJ3^ V 



{ 4*j£» SjaJi 0- ^ / "*L$i J '^A£ ^ **^> ] J*^J (J 

\ aLa uijl j l£.u)LaJ AjuJI (J-<^aJl e^& (J*-aJ c^^jUjfljJl 

^^Lua^pl JajljJjl (JJJ (j-ajjl IJA » ^j aJ lij ^^S^J V t^i (j^J 'Alb ajj aa jljjj J 

- ^IjaJI (Jjuaijl AilJJjuo La£_- /^a^l Jaj|jj]| j 



177 



:^j J^aiil 






(jl jlil L_)UaiJl (^J-fijJa J oil! fi j ajjj - 



/emmk-vrnkm 

l 4J£ ^Ijfll c-jUaaJj <>xJa jjflj Sjj^ - 1 

U^ uL^"' JJ^ O* <lj>i*jl (jLai tdjj ^ LpLuo I JjJjI Sj^juo *JjJaljx CllJ^*J 

;lg-al_ajudjl (JjJ (JaJ a] j -( jiaaUj LjjJaaU Lp"bl JaljJjl A-laJ ^ ■^•^t^l IJA 
SjjjouI (J^b LLajglx UaUj'jl CllbVI Jabjjl L-l±> iij ;Ul^b LaLajudJl 
_lAO*J LaJ j (L^La LaJ tojjijijl Ai^lc ^gJj Jj*J ;Ua.jLi. I ala mjl j 

aH cA^jlail Sjjjoi ^ f-La. La] ^ aa a ^Lu-a3J SjiLJl Sjjjoi Cll^La. aJ c4_ajli]l 
IgJ JafSjJ SjSjjI J*J Sjjjoi (j£ C_jjl£a ilgJfl Jjj La] ^Lu-aflj SjSjJI J*J j^ojoJI CluuLiJ 
iA > nl rtTi j iOj\ jsJ *^X±1 Jil\ L_lU£ cJa-a. La jA j (l&JxJ Laj 'Ljiji LaJ -laJJjJ J 

LJaxJ AjJaxJ JjuIj (Cill I'lUlill iA > ill rt'i 

Jjjl : ^^^1 t>iaJl Jj* cjLajVI l_i*^ ^ »(458-384) ^5%^' c^jj 

Sljjjjl [\-$1a AjUjI L^ajlc. pOjl »La.uill <jx ' . iSS AjUjIj 4jLa_ (Ja^j j 41 -<&' 

' ■ ££l\ *-Laa. JJjoiflJ ale ^jx£ jjl£ ilAjAulSJ aic (jxfl CL_lLi£JI 4_ajli (J- aLttll 

. P(1) P«AJjia]l 

L^a^aj^aJ C'\i i\\\ j cLaajudia lAa.lj L^aj (jiiljjl ^1 <ajlAjl ^jx L-lL&Jl jjj 
j^oJl (jjj ClAjjjiLLa]! al*i .tillj J*J (JjjSJJ aj" 'LpJJ Laji dlLjVI /•■?■ '"" cAijila 

Sjjjoi (_3i*j2 tSiJj (Ja.1 ^jx tajJaUjl ji L_iiijii]i ?.^ajuo (jc ^uii a^i£ o^y ' < - j V. s ^'j 

(jLyl ojjjlujI o^A (jx JJ^' ejjui jj^-« (jl j^JJ t ; 'n^J cSjSjjI Sjjjuij VjI "jJ^'" 

; ^Lu 4jj3 ^ 1 ^ ^ i 

. P(2) P ( 208 - 206 sjyi ) { ^ 

; Jj-al Aj^\j j^Jl ^lla^aJl Lp'jC J ^ SjSJ! SjjjlUJ JjJjI Sj^ojuo JafSjJ 

P(3) pLj a ji A^Lkll ^ La£ ca^UV! Ua aU! ^^xx j cAil£ ^Ul ^ Jja.^1 -1 

(jjLavljill fjk pjSjj! j Cjj^aljcV' ^ (J^aj^JL ^jUali^jl dlljjaa. pLul a^C -2 

^^Ic ^ajSJ CiiLuoLalx ^Jjudj ^jx AjtiaS ^^A J^jJjI Sj^ajuo ^jli C(Jj±uo La ^C f\!n j 
(jjlJ dllS^lsul (JjjLS (^C-ljJ cAjjuoLLa AjUaJLaJjuo ^1 ^LlaJ j ij^ajudll (jx A^ljla 

.451:0^ '2:^ '1990 ^jjjj '1:-^ «i>*kj| 

.3682 :oa '7 *^^\ cjj«iii3l ^ t >u'- u, ^l 'lSJ^ ^^ l J& :(2) 

1 : iIa-»J! t2003 SjftUil tdwJaJl jlJ ;aJax!l c)IjSll j^*-ij tJjcUu.) f liiil jjI jjjS <^| sjlajl : (3) 

.309-308:0* 



172 



mmmh vmtm 

. (H9VVI) { da-*i> jS^ ^i j eji j j^» wj J j } 

A j oAic (Jjla. Ail i ^Isu *&l A-<l^j 4-^jl (jx 4-^j (_jl-iiJ jjJjI Sj^juo rusH 

. (5VVI) { o^^ (4*xA f* ^ J } 

; Jlau <Uj3 ^ tSlli j^i ^jlxJl *£aJ liliJ jjill Sjjjoi ^"ha 

(1) P.(2VVl) {...^0»j**ljM} 

(jx J ial^A.1 ^ <laaJ La] i L-ljlSil 34-^ s^JAjuo AjJaj JjJjI OJJJ^ CIiIaj 

ciillij diLjl tgja lj] j\Jl j I lALuiaji j / IaUj^ji Sjjjuo 
SUaJl (jjjjui L^j ( aj£j (jl IjV cA*Jala al^A.1 t5 ic (_gjaj Igjl (ji*j AjIaJIs 

A-UJUjI 1^j3 ^j^La ^jjuoja] <LajLa bpl£ tCll^\jjl (J-aaJl e^A j cAjcLolaVI J AjJ^iJl 
(jLudll liA ^ (_gjLuaJJ V J 'JJ^I Sjjjuo ^ f.La. LaJ ^IxJ L_l j]l »LojAl <_£.la t5 lc 

(jli cl^JS Jjluo ^gJjl al£^VI A : LaAl (jc (ji*J SjjjaJl 4_ajli dul£ 131 j 

LdJ »J>» » C(_pajVI J lllljLuujjl (ilJLa (joi (j* dul£ al£^.VI O^A (jl (jl*J I g J ajt a 

jA j c aIc (jc jA (J^ajVI (JaV (jJ^*J <&l t J .J J ^ ( a 4- J '^>^' J (^^H^ t5^ o^u\ 2^V- 
Ojjjuo IAjj (ilJaJ j 4 (JJaliil (jc (^aJl J'^aj (S^jl (jlfljijl oAJC ^^Ic i}jl\ («3jl 



. 230 - 229 : o- . 5 : g « jj**ll j »al#! s^^ 2 ^ jj^I ^ ' g^^l ctt^l 6^ j^ : ( 1) 

. 33 : u- 1960 



173 



mmmh vmtm 
( 1 Vvi ) { ... \j& o*^ 'aM *&> J* cfijn J> u?'4 &j* } 

A-alila. (jl ^yjj I4-JJJ j^jil ajjjaill j Ig-Jla j ejjjuill Ajlgj (JJJ JaJ^I I^A Jj*J 

^ (Jj^la. (^I AxJAill ^gjlx-ij] ALojJala ^gJUS 4 pLajuoV' p J% La J^' (^ ajjjoill 

La ^l lJjjuuJ (jiijijj! Ax-a ij^p V ^5^- 'f^^ll ^L^ljLl *-aLoill (jlXll *-a cSjjjoiII 

Ljj^j^a UaLu'jl j I cU-aj^La UaLu'jl IgJ AJaJJ^a ^4^' ^5^ SjjjoiII ^gJU aj 

I g la \; La ^c. j — AiJUlall AjIIaII jjjuJI ji » jLill I JA ^ Jaa.Xall j 

. p( 2) P « (ja! jSSl fUi Aiil j^ ^til jj jj^l 

LjLjaS (jx 4 ^g-a^iljuoV I * ■**?■ «ajLj (j^alaJl AJ^uall AjIIaII j^ajudll (JjLuS 
qa \*j^- JJ^' bjjtji LJ^A 1*J j .(j^La-VI J cAjj^aajJill Jlja-V' J CJ^LAjlaII 
. P(A) P ^M^VI ^J^ull J AjoL<uaVI lJ^L? p5$J LjjV ^JJ^ll Jjvill L_alOAl 



. 107 : t>a ' 1 : £ ' ljIj^I ^ jfc t^ Cfity <■ <A*^I ' j&l :( 1) 
. 252 : u- .1988 jJl>ll 2 Ja < v^l J ,J ' OL^ 1 ?jk <^ ^U-ljj , jj>Jl jjc jj-I : ( 2) 



174 



t!ljluoIia iA^^jxll dlLuiljoil AlljlJJ La-a l_1jj3j iCllLalLj^a^ t5 ic c*UJ ^ lll.lalic.1 j 

p(A) p ^u a^v^i cjii^xib JaiSjj cii^a Uj^ ^^uyi 



^1 *JaLa (j£ j tgJatLa 4j^\j ^1 JjJjl Sjjjui *J ■ u£i (j£-aJ (ilJJ t5 ic f,\li j 

." P(1) P"^J^JJ^" 

jLaj^VI jjkj J tilAjVI <>^ j£ CJliM*Jl jc > LSSj AjV cUIV^ IkjJ CJbVI c> 

; LaA (JJj-al ^^Ic c*UJ ^ 

JUiVl -Mj^J j tlfcjlc J^i <^l LslJaSJl JsjIjSj CJbVI -MjS dii^j 

. ( ^LVI lU^I ^ tSllJ ;--V» La£ ) LiJ SLl^I 



.24 oa ' ij*-Lj*ll ^ 6^ : (*) 
. 230 : oa ' *U*V' J m^ 9 ^' J o*^l ' ^'j^J^ c5 J ' j^l 



175 



mmmh vmtm 

jJgJaJJ (JjlxJJ 4-lxJjjJuJ blj^aa (jc Cll^aJJ ; 34 — 1 4jV (>« 

4 ua^.1 all ^j-a ^^-a^^LudV I * ala all 



s^ull ^ 4^£ ^J Jj j^v. : 46 - 35 V*l 6- 



diMll *LIal 



jLijI j c^^joiVI ^' ; ? all Aja.jJ AJ3 ; 64 - 47 V^ t> 

. 4j 

Alal£la 6.1a. j (J^juLj lg-i-a (_A cdlltja^a £0' (j* cJjV' * LLall (jj^lj 

A^llxla alljt ^ (jjjlxJJ tjl , Uall ^J*^ c^kV' jA Sd^j (J^% AjIcja^aJ *JaLall j 

; ^Ixj 4-1 j£J ojjjujjI Iajj 

( 1 Wi ){ ajjtts (JJa puj pgi iy urpi j uu^ j uurpi t^ } 

c> ( 1 - 1 Vtfl ) JjVl a^j^I ^a ^Vl <*iSii j cA^Oll AjV' c> ^ 

f.La. (_gill " 'aVall a^. .laj aj itg-La Jjaaill j cA-aJ^aJl ei& AllaflJ j i ^g-Jjll ^ 
l_ya\jc^\ AJLwa j jloill ^ Ajc.j]| fjiaxJ t_l^jJ LaJ -C5 Jl jll ia. C5 lc lijia*^ 

P ~ (1) P jia.ljilUlia.1 j 

Jc fjSj SylVJ *33b. JjVl a^j^^II ^i cjLjVI oJj Al^Ul! tM£a 

t> dj^ii ^iii ( 3 . 2) Vvi u^ isx*i\'rf J ^ J^ » J^T cS^ii 

;LjJ ^1^1^43^(10- 4)^Vl^ 

AMjlIo CliLaV' ( -5 jtli . . . a^I j jl (jj^JJ (_JJAj1 (jc dlLjAaJl AJC (j^aLaJl Jl 
Ajjljll Acj^aa ajL (^jV Acja^JI JafSjJ t*lji£ _JaLu'jVI AjuJI t<—lt laaJl p^jJajAJ 

. tSlayi AjJ^ jd ( 20 - 11) ^l a^j^JI ^ti dii2u 

. 236 : <>a ' 5 : £ < JJ*^I J ^Vl uiu.12 ^ jjjil ^JaJ ; gjClSJI ^1 ^U jJ ; jlaJI : ( 1) 



176 



mmmh vmtm 

JjVl AcjAa-aSl J CJ^jj Jill ^l£^bU 5bl«J » ttilaJl »JA ClAJl£ j 
.Ujlual 4-ola. tSlj-lJ tSlaV I 4j*-^ L>°J-V. C>* '(...) f^VI o^> 4-<£aJ Lu^ij* j 

P (l)p 

Acj^aa all (JJJ AJJ^lxJli ; *JaLajl llll&j^aa a ^jjj 4jjjJa*Jl <U£ixJl tillj -^JJ 

ojjjjl CIuj (JjlJJJ jA j 4 Ale. Lob j *>aJl 4£.LLuS (jc ( *"' ; '^.: t' '"'^ (3* ^^J^J 

/ p(2) p^i jauji 

ClllLaj-aJl Cll^liUtJl llllL "~< all v aJiB jUa^J aLolujI g^ala all ^cjJalll 

\SLu cjVj^^I l^a Jjlbuj t*jjl31l Ac ja^JI „ja J jA*l\ cjbVI cj*U 

. < tSlaVI ^-^ s > ^ CjIj^VI lULoj Jc. AaIu alkj J jjU^ii j 

jl Ji c p( 3) p tSlayi I Ja Ajalc j* ^i^Lj J] J£u5 ^ tc >J^lj f ^U^U jj£5 

; o j£j Jja. AJjS J 

. C 12 ^i ) { J o«i J a»i 

J SjjIjSI UL^SSI j£ ^Lkj! Jl CJliM*Jl tSlli Jc j^U j < jUli JUiVli 
jiija^ Lgja ^iE j c^VI AjjU ^ 2ujjSSI Sjjjuill jl tSlii < j*£*Jl cjLjVI o^a 

. ( 12 Vvi ) ji^jii J^ Jjbii c> rJ 83 ^J s -^ - 

C5 *alj]| (jlA^)jJl j i^g^jLiJl cJJ^ll ' -ilia Jc AaJ*J AjjIj SjJaa. - 

.(13VVI) 



. 3716 : o» ' 7 «ila-»ll ' jj*J21I ^ ^yLJi\ <. ^j*. iouj, : ( l) 
. 2494 : o-a 1 985 <^jja ' 11 Ja <■ &3j&\ jlJ' 4 ^11 ' cjTJUI j!^ ^ t uJaa jj« t jJaJ! : ( 2) 

2500 : (>a ' 4 'ii^^ , ' ^^iiJ jAyflJI t jkJI : ( 3) 



177 



mmmh vmtm 

j.1ai tail fKal.nl j ti^iail ^]c. Jjc^\ (j^ajC Sjjaa. ; (jljjiaajl (jLSlA 

-L Ui£j Ai^ jjivi aJj ^^i lM ' p( 1) P J^i j ^W chM\ Sjki. j 

A£.Luoj ^j-a IjjAaJ tiUJ (j£ .(ilJj L_a!>la. jAlj .lii 4Jl >C-J t(jl%Jjl A£.Uju1j Sj£i-a j 

. !**i J VjS ^X^VI ^-al^aJl iJ l-LSaAill 

la. (jc Cj.laJJ ^iJl AIjLoiII Acj^aa alb JafSjJ tilli] j 4A£jJx1a AjIc. ^1 lJO^J j 
; ^Lu aJj^J tdii ^*J SjjJuLu IAjj Lg ^\ AjjIIjI Acj^aa aj\j JafSjJ La£ " 'a Vail j \j j\\ 

. ( 21 yyi ) { "?&> &** &i j *t& (> J%* &i o^ j iy ^ <> f^ 

t> Jlia tSlaVI ^U. J .<^^>VI ySa^ll j jaiill 4j£jSl jLkJl]! CJljka. £Lu! 
^j-a AajHJ j '4-£a. qa jJJoiflJ j r'JJ^ AjUjJI 4-C.j^a alii i^jUaJxull Cllljixi. pLxJl 
dlljjaa. pLul (jc (_54JjI ^jJ 4£.j-aa-aJl ei& jjl c*UJ t^JJljJl 4-C.j^a all <^ja.l 4-£a. 

(Jjjjl -1*J Ai*i t>g *JJj La »•& j 4(jjjLud]l ^gJjLAj! t5 ic S.i£j-a AjjLuI AjV (.5^3 

£j£Lu»^l j ^jii! <^ji Ijjjj c)f 4*^t J f*^> ipattl jijf JjU Vj } 

.(22VVI)"{ J^j^ 

(jjj ^tLuall j jixll ^j AA.I^x^a AjV j&Jj j cAJC ' -UjoLajl j L_njuJl Aa^lc 

AjjSc j£j ^j 4jV! JiUS aJ -LffJ a^LuoVI » ola <yl ^\ > ul a"\ ( _ 5 Ic 4 lait a a t^jjllaj-ajl 

-L5 JjV' A£.j-aa-a]l ^ AjjjiJ^Jl LKjjSc j£j (3^° LaO*J t^JjjaVI LJiSJl 

j£j jV ' jibLjala jJJ jj*-a ajuoj jMa. ^ jUajljJJ 23 - 22 U^.V^i 
t5 lc (jj^jA-aJ (jjlil Lai tdlLu-aawoil ^g-aj ^\;^^ (jfr (JJJjUjI (jjllaj-aJJ (jl£ ^jljixJl 

AllaC L_lllc a^la c <Lb a* ail 0J1A 



2502 : o» ' 4 -da-»l! t JjUJI jiux»il t Jal\ : ( 1 ) 



178 



mmmh vmtm 

lllLb ^ ualljJJUj JJ*JJ V cS^ila. ^JjjlJJ <ajja JJJ^IJ t^laV' Aj^La. g***'** J 

. ( 26 Vtfl) { "&£ JjJ,J 'Sjiil ^ £jjjij lli Oj*j£ ^J? S=4W 

(jjjiijlj AluiJl (jjjijjl Ajlilj jl jA j cajLjlkl ^ Jh\ J^c (jjjj AjVI jjj 
(jjU dlla^lxJl ajSj li& t5 ic j cA^ikll (jjdijlb AjjJail (jjdijj! ^ JlLoJ (jl j cAluiJl 
j^A j c l&^aj La£ - I g '"*■ ill I (_gjJaj - 4judjlc (jj^J (jl (j^-*J (j^ ^ J ' PT^jjVI 

. P O^Jy* 1 J^ is^ O^ S^ ^JJia. J ^?>JJ 

^cljSSl 2-^j J] 34 - 27 aj.VI c> *'4?l MJ 1 ^ j^^J! tSlli o*j JSHS 

tJ^aij ^V' (_5-jj JiiJJ aJ CjjialjcVI J ^J^' 4-a^>a. t5 ic A lag! a a t^jl lHjoiVI L-llJj 
Ajjlij dllf.lja.1 ^git) j tf.l*jj| L5 ic olj£V' (S-^J tt alijLJjaiVI j (jjaJl > <ajl j 

Ig aiali (j^J j tAjjiaill xiljoJl L_ljLaJ *$ J& J (AjUJjII ^gJc ^^gj^ (_]£ (Jj3 AaJ*J 

. P(2) P « 2,;U.^Jl cjIjA^I (> ^UJl L-LJiill jaJl VfrS u^^j j 

/jl ^m.hVI L_lbb (JjiaJJ c^a.lj L_lUaa. f'jjJaj* Jja. (jjlaj-all ( -iLLaJ 29 - 27 
^db AjVI (JjuojluiJ tiiJa} j t<jula.lajl ^j JCJJ j- tail! (j-aC. a^C (jV 4-IAAjuo I <4-llj 



2505: o« ' 4 ■il»-»ll ' c3^ LuJl j' 1 -^' ' j^l : (1) 
. 2507 : oa ' 4 ^11 < < U-iS ji-x»ll : ( 2) 



179 



mmmh vmtm 

j^iaj j tL_ala*liJiVI j (jt ■ ^»^VI ^i __il__l (____§ j]| f.l^)A.VI cJ^V. ^"H" 
CJbVI jjj i__l_i_A*_l i___l£_ t *liull "jjajl j^jj*j c> e^ 1 C5- ^J 1 ^J^V 1 

_£j__VI (jc S___lj_l ^gjxluoj V t4-Lal£la j 4__L_la 4jjI_j_I Clllf.ljA.VI &-^ _JJJ j 

aLC cl />'<-v I j& La j (j_al__ _£Jj_ j& La jOJ Clm A ^ 

; JLu 4_j_j jjM! j A*jlJI VVI J JjSfl fcl-i-il ^ J 

&acj* j <_£L_. <> lj___ _>.__! (>^j -_A___u -jUI ^1 l__j_i JS2 j } 

.{ 6^ 

jujj j cL^i^A (jjjj j c4_uL__il :»____VI ^"j;^ 4-ij^Lu (_-&V] ' . \ft** 

iA > nl a'J t5 lc l$___V 4cj-<->-a (J-i \)3 <-3 J cLj-lajljJ (___ 4_uL__l 2^jV CJlcj^aa all 

4--U--- j^J<« J tg-IaLajl lj& SjSc ^^A j H ajjaj ^g-a^iLjij » "^ ^ ^.Ludjj ^1 ( «^' 
f.LlJ (Ja.1 (jx 'jial (JjSj 2^^"' C5^ Sjjljj'l A^VI ftj^Hj CJlcj^aa ajl t5 JU tillj] j 

»La uiJVI J^VI <^ (jlaJLlJ 4(j^aiil aILlJ ?7 JjaJ 

L_aj£jl J C^jjL) (JjlxJJ al^A.1 j,a Oj£j (jjf" 1 ^* L5^ ^A 3 ^ O^A (jlLaJJ 

. jljlLolV' J '(jl*Jj!j 

jiala Jjij cl$lu Lua LjLjaSjl j-a Jj£ Aj3 '"'■» aja.1 (JaUl jl a^all 

Jajljjll p'jJI 0° ?l -^ ^ cs^ 3 ^ aI jiiuil J '4-JjV-i JajljJJ J 'ftj^ J ftj^a'j 

lA jjc. j 4*Luujj AjjjjoiSj j A-IAAjuj j<a o^jgiroil 

<_£j]| iJaLp'jVI p jJubj-aJ <— aj*J La jl ijjLaall (Ja-a 4-*-a^J *JaLajl jl£ j 
jlAxliiil ^gJc jA j 4(_pajVI J CJljLuudll (jlil ^ JJJ^I Jjjil L_aj.uU.uiJj 'f- ' -vajI 

; jjj aK j jl j_-l aK ^l_v ^ j^LUl cUL__l j__j_]I ,^3111 
{ u^J 5 -'! J plj-^-*--l jj- -2-1 } 

( 46 - 35 ) C5--^l U-laJI j jjLJl ^U„\l Jjj A____a|j 2_£l*_| CllJJ LlA j^> 
(__jj (_-J-ill 2-1----I JjlJUJJ LaJ-LJ 'JJ-jI UJ-V. ' * a .!^ ^-iuLall JjVI 2-1----I ( '"'''^.I ' '* li- ; 
Jl___VI Aj_ jjl£ cA_A.lLa AjIjJ (__& (__Jl_.l ^-ala]l AjIjJ jl jJJJ j_ .AK jjiSl L__vLa 
(_-i?_i_ ji*J__u_ll JJJ A_£lxJl _j£_i c _3jl jjj (jc i__U____l __]] aL___V' jc <_JJ____! j-a 

: 34 VVI iJ JjVI tl-Jull AjU^ jjj 



180 



/emmk-vmkm 






.{ ...?JJjD^> U^J^l J &\'JL*uA\ JJJ AJil } 

; AJUVI ^ c> £1£j15j uiiTvii 

.{ ...?JJjD^> o^j^I j ^IjUl^l JJJ A)il } 

P (1) P <>ajVl J CJljUx^l JaI c^l^-J 
&\ A^bJl Jiila 'c^UVI c^lkill J^U t> ^laLoSl IJA ^ iajjll jj£Lj j 

.{ ...?jjjD^> U^jVl J pljUl^l JJJ *3it } 
{ ... jjlall j jijSf! j pljUlii! <J <> ^ Cf«y ^ y > ^ } 

{ ... ^S ^« ^ 0*** ls*j* *m "d jS f3i } 

.356: o» ' 3 JJ»-»Jl ' ( J ^*^ 1 OU^I j^J ' j^ &j JjcU*-! * (Jill jj! <■ j&l : ( 1) 



181 



mmmh vmtm 

■LaluLi' lajj^j! ^jljSil (jS dl^LalxAJl (JJJJuu j Cal^V' (jl tSlii .ajjjoul t-JjA 

_ p ( 1 )p^]Lkj jUjvi 

CjU Chilli t(# jljl! ^LLJl IjA ^ Ajjj jUjVI ^-aj*J ^l ClibVI cj*ili 

(jc CjjAajIj Ijjj 1$ji c*UJ iAjjIjxluol j \jjo1 diLjVI o^A ^gJlx-a <-_ aj*J j 
L_lljjJl (jjlk J 'A^l^^ll ' _la uijI (jj^J j^j^aJ 4<_£^kl AjJj£ "-^VJ C5^i f* iCjLallajl 

^ 4_illlLa ^ UJ^-" ' ■ ^*'-"" I^A Igj ?uaj ^^lll ol£juLajl AjI (jl AjIaj JaA.!ib 
dlJtSJ 4 _ ^jl£ ( a\£l\ i (JlLa ; A-1Jjuo1^I Cllljjl j!>Li. qa LpJJ LaJ3 -LjIjJJ i (J-<^Jl 
^gJc aj5J j <Vjl AjjJiill ^g-k-a ^gAc ^jSj Aa^Ac AjVI 0J1A ^gi cU^Jl JJJ Aa!!*]! 

U£ (illj jIjj^ c> j 'j 1 ^.^ 1 lP 3 *^ j^'VI ^*j AjVI 0J1A i_j*L> j .LjIj a1U.VI 
J>ac c>^ 'd-**^ o^ c> *l_>^' u' » :(-* 751 ^) "ajJj^I ^ u^'" csj^. 

v -*p « ^Ja j AJ'jJjL^aJ jjj <&l (jjllal <^l)Laj^a]l (jfr OJJ^aJ JjJ t^Lobal La£a 
2^1111 cALLJl CJbVb i^j Sbl AjI jjJ oK.^ll AjI AjI^j C^Jl£ ^M j 

. ( 37 VVI ) { jt^Sflj vj^I ^ v^3 ^ oja^ ?^l 

^gAc cClljJjJl l£ uLa j col£judA]l ^ uLa ^JJJ jjj- aJjl ^gic ajaj AjjS AL^alli 

^Ua j ct_jjUiU]l jl AjLSu^I J£j^I cjIj jaLUI ^jc ^ AjjIj^I ^llill aSjjL 

^ JjiiL AajjuLJl L-ljlSil j tol£juLa]l ^g-a jj_j]b jJj^uLajl ~\ It ta^ajl (JJJ Al^a 

. p(3) piil cjjjj 



. 168 : o 3 ' jjIJ^I ' v^-^l ASj« t ^Ijiil ^ oljkS t t^!J*J! J-»^> t Jal\ : ( 1) 

.106:0^ '1:£ '(»2003 AjJj**J| t l : Ja t^JijaJl ctfl jlJ 't^C (jj (>uaJl 
. 2520 : oa ' 4 Jl**ll « dJ^I J^ lJ ' 4^ AH"" ' J"l : ( 3) 



182 



mmmh vmtm 

(JjtaJ t-g-ijJ JaJ^I dlljjl 4-lLji-J c^LlAa. Uia. UajljJ JajljJJ j 'AjljJ dlbV^i 

(jc CllJ^ajl ^yjj 4(_pajVI J dlljLajg^l ^ <&l jjj ^jc cllJ^aJl (jx JiUS 4-LallLa 
JaiSjj j iAJL^V' j (^JxAil ' ; '\;^ (jx (jljjjVI Jajjjja 'Ajjjj (jx '''"*.".! (cill ojjj 

a^Jjla A^Ltla JW'J U^ '*''.! w ^ (jjj <&' ( - J j£ (j^ '*'.! ^ (j-* (JlajJVI Ja^^Lj 

jjM! j 41.011 ajVI C5^ JWl *V> J*il 3bl«j aJUII ajV' (J& fi '^ W 3 

(j^i < Ia.1 uiaj\j A^Jjla 4Sj*IajI (JjIojajI jjjuaj A-lLLlj (JjjjVI cJ^J 43!>l*Jla 

^ j c^UcI Jj t jliSlI AjVI »ja Jy^ V oUiJ 4^ l^La Uj j t( 38) AjV' 

P( 1 )p « ^j^ f,\y^\ eJ j ^\£ ^Ucl 

U^*j ^1 AjVI U^ .^^ ! fJi J^ 1 Jl-^t gJlSil jJj^J l-i\jJ\\ j P( 

I a^Jt <iaJ t^jUS^jljla (jlljVli cLu^il ^yi lg uiaj jli^Jl JLacI ^bujiaj IjJjjuaJ Cllf.La. 

jjj (jc AjiLa. IgJj^ J cl_iI^joi£ IgJ A*ila V ^Jj^ a^JLatl ^cl »; jl JjlajJl Sbl 

CJUliaKa A^li jl C-jl^oJlli i jAl^l Aio^ C^Jl£ l^jli ^jjSSU ji cCjU^l^ JaJl 

. P(3) P « ftjiVI C5^ V^ 1 J ^^ ! C5^ CjUiaK jJjSj jUIcb ^juiqlW jl 



. 270 : u-a ' 5 : ^ ' jj*-^l j ^Vl J*-U2 ^ jjiil ^ t ^^1 ctt^l 6 1 * j^ : ( 1) 

.364o^' 3 ^1?JI' fjjill cjTJUI j^ ' jjjS (^jI j^SI : (2) 

.270 :o- '5:g «j>«ll j ^Vl J«U3 ^i jjjil ^ ^cliJl : (3) 



183 



mmmh vmtm 

jUUl jULVli ." p(A) PAlikJl SulJiJl jj£j ^Jtfll y^ll yk j cbil£ ^USlyi a& 

4-UtA^aJ (jlii*JJ j c*jljla O^ij (jlj-ajuoj (jJ^juLa (jljjjuaJ jl SI^V^-J lA^P'J- 3 * 

ijlxj aJjIj ^jl 1$ uLajl g*\; J . J^jl jLad ;oAa.lj 

. ( 40 Vtf! ) {jjj c> A3US Ijjj <U &l Ji*j ^ c> j } 

. ( 41 yyi ) { 6j^ ^ £# &i j ^j^ j '*£&* '& °& 

Jajj Sbl ijj± iAjl\j\\ 4-jV I^JJ j '*&! jjj (jc> tlu^aJlj SjVI c?4^JJ' 

4_La alAg-J ^JJjS AjV ; AljiaLa a ^IxJ ill jHi.1 <cijl J& J <&' JjJ ^3 J^- 

. ( 41 VV ) { clM* Uj ^ ^1 j } 

^gJbu ill c*lLa jjc CLiJ^aJl ^gJl il _J jj^Jl gjj > >n (jc tludaJl (jx JUluVI 
jc- ill _J (jjl*Ij '(J-^Jjl ajl*J ^ijAJ Lit ■ <a£jl ei& ^g-ifil cAjS ^ j '(jj^jl 1^4-J 

?Muiqll (jj^il I^A ^ ol^A jljjuol j cAJ'j^a (JjV>^ J -<>?■ J 

Oj&Ua jJjjuaJ ^ <_£^}^l 6^>a 4 "ill £jl JJ aJl" ; ^IxJ AJjS JJ^lj i^llij j 
^jJJ iAilb <3AJ 4l^.l^a j tal£j]| L_lLajud]l (JJjSjj (JjlxJJ 4<LlJj£ AJjaa j c4_l*_lila 

; Aj AlLudl! AjVI CJa.^-a (eill jj^ll ll^J ill tilL 2bVI s^a 

. ( 42 VVI ) { j^^l ^1 J) J c£lftt J pljUJl ^> ^ j } 






184 



mmmh vmtm 

jLaX-j (jfr aJJ J^Aj 'AjVI O^A J LjUiaSJl ( . iJI atJJ c*UJ Ja.1 (jx .J^I^yJl (jx 
^^A AjjJaiJ j£ jjl djjaj l f till j 4 jl^l *2 ; ( aia*]l diljjl iluutlia 4(jjita cr*^ 

lA jjil \§ aJ AA^^a 

^^joiI^jI jaJjI ( a ■ a j (jj^J ' " lia '*J7-* -* A3AJ Al^yul o^A ( a ■ a j (jj^J J 
JjJl J£ JaJjJ VVI U^ 'C5^lj^l J^ ^ '^ J*jjl Sbl J^U t> L-jt^oli] 
obl J^Lk t> iajjJl jjltf m^.,,11 Jib Ajjbj^l CJlisu^l J i aaJl jl ) jjjJl j 
( aia*jl obi jLixluol Jj Jajjl J^V. (jl <-M* "r^J-"' J ' . 'i'*'^ -^' cs-^l ' * a ^"*^ 

Jl! blJaSlI L_±jjjj jMi t> L^ j^ JM iajjil *U aLLoJI 2bVli 

L-Jl-J JjJ ll I.1A ^gjj j_ jJjuuJ Jll Ja_J^>]l dlljjl jLllaJ AiL J^Li. ^ j itgjJajjU 

l^jaA^jJl j 

; jLxJ AjjSj *l£^>ll L-lLajuJl ^ uLa J aj£j LaAJC oljj (JjjuoLnjI kin j 

. .(43 : VVI) { Jr^i% Ui Al'ji \X* jA% } 

liuo j 4(_pajVlj dlljLajoill J JjJjl (jjJJ JJjJuaJjl J aLa uiJVl (jj%J 

(jl^^j JjJjl (Jl J] ^J*J3 4£.L<Jl j JjJjl (j^J -iaJjj! ' . V'" Lai » cg.Ln.ui] I J (_3^>jjI 

. P(1) P « . ftliaJl j jjjJl Qli £*sA\ jl£a .A] %a> *Ulj cA] o*Ljaj j tL-ifill 

f^l JjjsJ Jc jJlSlI j$i * ill _S aK j^Vl u^? j^^W VVI c^ 13 ' j 

^ylft Uj^lo Jli I^J jl ,,, c5^)^l J^ ' ^*" J SjlJ' ^}iaAjl j cLa!iUa g.Lb iajl j ^Luia 

^IjV Sji*J f ^j L. ^ (> j£J ^ill r ;^^i j-Vl l^I M ^J t^ 0'" • -^jjjII 

" p(2 VjWVI 

U^*j ^1 AjVI jli ^Ujaill c> frUll jjj^j Jl jjjl-j AjVI o^a CjjI£ bl j 

?.L<Jl [jli (^ji.1 6jU«J j cL-lljoJl ( alia a f.Lajl (jx Jl*J ill c3^3 ' * a .!^ U^f 3 ' 
*■ 'P (J^ajVI Jc SUa. CllLulJ Ld] oVj] Jj 'iJ^ajVI ^L<J] ' -Ujuj jl J-alc ^jLuuJl 



P 



..38 O 3 '2005 ' ^JJJJ ' Aj^uaxJl Aj^aII ; Jiljill ; AjJjaJl ^1 ^1 ; jJaJI : ( 1) 
. 274 : o* ' 5 f JaJl ' jj*^l j ^Vl ui*-Uj ^ jjiil ^aj t (jdSJI ca^l 6 1 * JJ ' j^JI : ( 2) 

. 76 : oa ' 2002 c3^ J 'l:-* 3 



185 



mmmh vmtm 

AljI^A j JlxJ ill Sj^a tl-lt loaJl p^Jaj-a j!>li. ^ ^jUlajljlLa ^jUxjULall ^jlliV^ 

VVI ) jt <4tt j < 45 V*l ) ^> J • • • " J^ & J" ( 43 VVI ) ~^> J 

jjjlil Jj l^^j' Jll ^jjIjSI! ill cjU J] ji& aIO cjbVI Jo Uja*j ( 46 

jAiil t(jj^jl J ojjl j ill <_£.1A (JJJJ -lALuLa j 'A^j^ ^VJ (-H 3 ^ ^*-i '(3^' 
.(jjLftJlxli jjj (jx A^j^l CllLjVt J AJjTjSJl djLjV' AlaaJ La jjj AljJj Alkali 

j_L£]l j t^jL-ajVI (j-O llo aJij Ja-I Alx^aa. La^*J c JljJl *JaLajl ^""J j 

! Jbu 4-1 jiL SUaJl j (jj^jl j 

AJac^ j ^££3 & IjJl ^j^I £/ SAI» j ^Oji« ^Ij! ^1 LjIjjI ■& j } 

ijA jjil^a L_flijj* \! w V '( 64 - 47) SiVI C> ^^' *JaLa]l tSlli 0*J Iajj 
4i£>l*J AjIoj (eff^' daLall J AJo dij^aJl (jioi (gill ) ol^A j ill jjj (jx (jiilill 
Cj^\j Jjij cillMll ■ liQ->» AjAaJ (j^-aJ J '(jlj p^xiaj^ j 4 Jjl p^jJaj-a (jjU 6.11.1a. 



j (JjUajaII j ^jjSalLajl J JjVl *^j^a all 
(jLajVI ci^V 4jUr< llllfcla jJ AjjIjJI Aoj^aa all 

. p( 1) p jUjVI JaV ^o*J' AjMJI Ao j^JI 



OJJil^l 



3796:0* '7 >^*-« tjj» "frill ^a <>uluiSn 'tsja. Jj*** 'j&l :(1) 



186 



/emmk-vmkm 



187 



mmmh vmtm 

do* t> uW^l ^^" c^f ( 57 - 47 ) aj.VI c> JjVl a^j^^I i^s 

; ^ (^giaJJ a^allJ dibasic j I (jliaj^ajb tililjl La j cLul jjljlj (jjoUll (ja 

. ( 48 VV ) *Vu j ^1 J] fl^Vl <oc - 
49 Vvi ) ^Sa ^^ jj% u^c jaJi J\ jUjyi - 

.(51 VVI) (iil^^^l!^) 

(Jlaill IJiA CJLaMc j tjjaallal] SjjA-a ajuoj ^gi c^jIujj ALLuJl dibVli 

ill ^>aV (JjJJcIa (j£aja (jc <_£J^I SjjA-a ^J c?^J U^^ 3 ' La^JV tjjjlq's^ul 

. jLj^Aa^ ( 52 - 51 ) U^VI U^ Ai^ii 

j^ua * ( 53 AjVI ) ^ u^aLull c> ^^ Jj«j ji diiL V JU^I u^ 
aIO AjbU aL£* ( 54 2b VI ) jfo tSllil j « Jl^aJl LJalj^ ^a ^jUj j <^iS 
AclLlb (jjSaLLajl ?.VjA ^ab LpV 'Aic l-ujolo j ' _ujlm Aa!ilc. I ^ bj Aa!>lx]la 

AblilaJl 

(jc. tlijAaJl ^j (jjaaLiAjl (jc. Cjj^ajI (jx <_£j^l oj-a dibVI JiiJj *j 

(jc CliJ^ajl (j-a (JIauVI (jj-^ (J^J^I cs^ d£ ^ ♦ (^ ^1 -^J J U.!*^ ^1 U^J^I 

(jj£Ha ; (JjUajaJI (jc. a^I£JI ^yjj (jjSaLlAjl (jc a^£ll (j* j till jcj ^1 AcLLlI 

(jjfLj (jj^aHjl jV ' Ljajl aJ L-UiiLa j l_ujuo Aa!ilc ( 55 - 54 ) dyV^I u£ Aa!l*Jl 

. tSllij f I jSlVI cs^ c^ lj ^ u ^> c^ 1 VVI ^ j ' A^lklb ^1 J31V1 ^*j 

^jVI Ac-j^aa a\\ (Jjbjuo g*"J J clgjj^j j Ifrlba&V ^aVI AJt-b <aJ dl^La. j 

^glc ill (j* l^l^b' 40JA.VI (^ j 4(jiajVI ^ jU£jl jJj^aAJ J^VI * laLajl (jx 

ill JlSfl i ? (ji^ U^lil CJA j ; JI>jJ blja. Upl£ AjVI tliilla c jjLull ^^Ula 

. ( 57 VV I ) { . . . u^j^l J 6.J^ I j> optf I>-^ ^ } 

(3i*JJ Clibl x-Jjl ^^A j tg-LLall IJiA (j^ A±jbll Acj^a <yl <ii]i ^*j Iajj 
^gjjl al£^VI ^j o^jC Acj^aa all o^A <*V<K& cCllj^l Jj^.J j jl IHjujVI ^JjJsIjaJ 

; cSlli lg_La Aijlkj CjIaj j| SjjjJI CjJl£ 



188 



/emmk-vmkm 



( 1 >p « £^\ J\ ^si j ±M ^ £sj ^jj j^UL jMk tliuia liuS fl£^Vl 



AjalilLJ 4^ t fl •«;■.. ^1 CJbVI j cA^j^l a^A j£ 4£>l*]l CAS, tSllil 

^jjJL 4±pj111j c^li! JjVl ^Vl CjjI£ lij j tl^oa.^3 j l^ja *l£a.Vl ^121 

L_a^A (Ja.1 qa jla^\ ajUSjj j tbL iaSjl l^Jfl JajljJJ dlLjV^ ^g-a^iljuoVI « A '^ A ^ j 

^LJ! j>Lj j^ JULVI jliSLJ ^ J] Uo*j ^1 ajVI JES j <^J ^ 
j£j Sjj^l ^ Jfua j3 AjI jLil! 11a ^ Ji^Mj j 4( i«l£3 aS^Ic jiLVI OX AiM*Jli 

I 'p « (Jjl jg uill ojAujI 4Jjail ^j-a (j^aLoi^l (Jlic. ji j 
CJj^ t> JSVl M^ U 1 ^? C5^j ^^ C5^ ! A_jVl J^J j^ j^Vl ^^ 



, 272 : o» ' 5 : g «jj*-ll j •iljVl s^Uj ^J jjii\ ?& ^ISJI : ( l) 

. 2532 : oa ' 4 ^11 ' ljIj^I J^a ^a ; uJaS j^ t jJiJ! : ( 2) 

.2533 - 2532 :u- '4 Jl**ll «*-ii jJ*^l :(3) 



189 



/emmk-vmkm 



t> ^j^Jl ^9jj jl ±*A t ( 61 AjVI ) ^ cjVj^^I (ji*2i IJ* c> J^ 

lAlia ojjjoijI 4-aliLi. ^^A j 4jMJ| Acj^aa J I Lai .dljjj]! Jj^.J L_)bl (JJJJ *J c<J^VI 
i J^> Ajla l^ill )J| j A^>uij j <&L l^ul <JJ^1 £)j±*jA\ Iaj) } 

(62 V^) { ...^jj^WbiW 

L_lbl ^jjj j ta^Luul j S^L-aJl 4_llc <&l (J^JudJ l^a a lA^jli j clgjoilJj j t^jjoiuioil 

«-jbVI c> W^ c^^UJl J] f UJl t> JlSSJl AiM^ cjLjVI oJj AiM*Jli 
t> c^Ull ^J*Jl a£jj <^l SjjiVl ^IjVI ^ cjVj-a^I ^1*21 ^ j 

(jfr ^^g-^b <-^bVI alaJ j cAjlfrJ j -aiui j 4_llc <Ull C5 l^a - C5 Ji]l SbLu j t(jl lHjaiVI 
(jiajVI J CJljLuuJl ^ La >i*J <&l (jV '-aIjuo j 4j1c <Ull ^u^i -^gjjjl ja\ 4i]Li-a 

( 64V*l){ ^fc^Ife^lj} 

a : i*jjxuj ojjjuo iliJLla c*l£^Vb ciuulkl j al£^.VL cjIaj Sjjjoiil (jl Ja^^b 

VLa-a C-jj ^ ^^jjj A£. Lb tall j (^^^ajJaj-aJl LJJJjjil j i^gJailll *bVI A3^J j^°-" 

ojjjoUJ A_ll£j1 AjJjJI J^Li. (jx jj£I (ilJj (jjjliui La£ t(JllLal£j j 



. 2534 : oa ' 4 ^»il ' JjU-1IjJ-x»1| : ( 1) 
.2533 : o 3 ' 4 «ila-»ll ' <( -^JI jAux^l : ( 2) 



190 



iajljSSl a+j\ Jc. LJjajll j* IV *£AjVI j£ cjII^I a^jL ^USaVI ^ 

I^A ^ (J-aJjl (J^-i ■^ x S*-£ J '^Lal£la ^l£ AL^ajJ t(j-ajjl L^-llc- ^g-ifij (^jJl ^V-^l 
Allx^aj 4_3*iaJ j c c _ 5 K]l A»La uijl JdaJ (jl xdJaluiJ ^gJjl 4<_£ji£]l Allij c _ 5 ic L-lJLaJl 

aJjI^I cjULi*JI Aja dikjj La$-a <yv^ AjujL jj ejj^l ^ ^UmiVI jl 

Alal£j j cAlla^j ^ (j-ajjl (^j 

frljSlI jl Ja^XaJl j-a Ajji tj^ajW <_£JJ^I AjLil JJiaJ AjLS Lai » 
a^jljl jl a^jLaLaiAl j a^Sjlx-a L-S^^HaJj jjLjJJ cA-a£-a jj^aLlC (J-aijl j-a jjjLlaJ 

. P« J^ J] J ^ ' * j-a <_£ J^l SA^ J^" U* l£*V. S^" J 

^ ajjljjl U > <a£jl j-a JJJ^I <Jj^> jjjjoii-all (jjfljl ^3 (ilij j-a aC-^Ij j 

jl L_uu <aJ AjV cljAaJlJl Ajjxj^aJ ^IjSjI (j-ajjl ^ <_£^>j£]l AajJl j;l<aJJ j 

. jj^I jl cSo^lj aLia. ^gi <&l a^I£ Jj^tJ 

La£ c ? AjjJa^jaJl (JjLaji*-ajl ^^A La j c ? ojjjliijI ^ AjjA jajI (JjLajJ*-ajl ^^A Lai 
J^j^ajl] Ailx-a Alicia (jiajflJ Ajj^a^oj^ak (J-aaJ i^gjlj^l (j-aijl ^ <_£ji£ll Ajjjjl jl 

j-a tl iLjVI ^gi Sjjljil LjLJaSiLl JafijJ ojjuill (_£jj£}l Ajiill jl AjIaj Jaa^^Lj 
<xLa*lll j jLjlkVI J ukll ; "4jl^ j^ "^^ ^ C5^ 'lSJ^ 1 .icIjSJl J^Lk 

' yJjaJ _ t5 KJl tllLjVI P^-^J^ ^J^'j ^W^'j' -W^J- 3 ' 6JJ*^I (j3 c5^>^' SH^' U^ 

: f^-» JI>j jf 
^1 J^U jx cCJbVI yk ftjjljll LjLJaall j ~;^ 1j J] frJ3k iJl jL«j tSlSil 

.LjaJl ^UjlLajl CllLaKll J^Li. j-a j cl^jJj (jjiaJJ ^gJjl jjLa^all 



256 : o» ' o^l (^ j v 1 ^^ 1 ^^ ' cP^ C^ 1- ' : ( 1 ) 



191 



* 'p al^A.1 4 » ui*i ^ CJ.Ha. 4 al£^.VI ' alia a Jja.jJ j^°-" 6JJJ^I |j' * 1 ?*^ 

. ljjllfl£j -1 

4Jc!>Ul j jUHl fl*J -3 

. c l£il! ^ fl£j -6 

. *UJl ^ fl£j -8 

. ^ill j jUjVI ^ r l£J -9 

Ajl-lii tL_ibl (jx j i.ij.la. (jx ajjjoijl 4-LaaJ LJ JjAjuo <_£j<j (j^lob Clit-jV^ I^JJ 

aJ iAiudlV' (>« (J^a'joVI Jaia. L5 lo (J-a*J Jjl (^-9 J *'^>^] J& j .Sjij]l tllJJ 



1 00 : O* .1 981 ' <^JJ£ '^J*-^ <Lua$JJl jl Jt jjUl Sj^ui £>» CAjji^ i Jal£ .laa-a t jlaJI : ( 1 ) 



192 



mmmh vmtm 

£ajuj j 'TTJ^jl jaia. j 'j- <aj]l jiaC. j i jl IHjujVI L_lbl ^IxJ ill p ^judi 

^Vl ^ jjj AiM*Jli c^UJl Jc. CJlilill olj£l j* jl^ j t^bVI ^1 c^ 

^j Sjjjoiil ja.1 JjxJ jl (Jj3 j '(_pa*J IgjLJajU (J-a£j iAjjlij (JjIfrljaJ JJJ Al'^kc 
CJljl a i nil ^ ill jjJj <_£j^i CjLJ j£Jj <Ajj13j]| CJlf.lja.VI e^A Jl* j£j 

. AjaMkl t_ibl I4JJ t^Loill jj£ll 13a ^ ill jjL ' . ilall 
L_ibl j tSjjoiVl j 'tliiJl L_ibl j iAjjjill Aj-uiill LjbVI ^ja <Ja.ljli » 

ALuola (ill ^ 0JjS*jl jA .laJj j)J*-a j-« l^K A*jU IfrL a jj i&jLSJl j Ac I aaJl 

. ? ^ 1 ^P « ill Jjj jA Oa.lj jjJJ I4K 

aJjS ^i l^jfl (^jAll AjjjJI J] jLil SjjjJl ^lka jl ^Ili Jc. JjLSI j 

( 1 Vvi ){ ajjtts (iSa pi^ pgi ty utfi j uu^ji j uurpi 'Sj>- } 

Ajajx-all ALiajjli _L_Llil£j j al£a.l j^* -^J^ ^ 'f-LUcVI Aj-aAl ^gJc j£jj 
tiJjJJ jl JjJ tajjjoUJ (_£jj£jI AjiJl jxuU* 4_a.j L5 ]c £tlaJ AjI gAla^jl IJA JIaj 
L_]IxJjuoI j A^ill AjIaC (JaiUjoUA - lgj\l\\ — g^alabajl jjtaJ <_£jj£]l Ajjill L_il£jJ 
. JJji ^lko j cAjjS AjI jj j^i 4 Jjb jaJ ^^c. i_JJ'l I^jI Aj^La. i P ^ 2 ^P j-aill 

(JjjUil j jjjoilill L_fl^\2alj ( alLaJ* ojjjlu (_gV (jjj^' ^jj^ U' iT.!^ ' a 

JjAa. jjLaJJ V <-_a^\la,l AjI Vj 4l_jtaljjud]l j cLJilj^l j t jJjjmLajl L_a!>lla.lj j 

OJA ^ g-lalLajl aLa mjl j i^V-^l (^j*iui.all ^ (j-ajjl aLa uijl jl ~^ <yl 

fjk Ja&\ J^lW aU^VI u' ^ 'V s L^J^ 1 ^i^ 1 J^a. j* i^ajj jJ*i tSjjjJl 

ajjjoijl (Ja-a. cl^J ^jj£J| AjJjjI J^La. j<a jjjj ^cjjI L5 Kll aLa uiJVI j 'JjJjl Sjjjoi 

_aK ^gjl jSil aJaJjl ^ jj (JiLaJ jA j tl^Hjuojl j tg »a^^\j ^ oAa.lj]l 4 *K\K jjjj 



. 2486 : o« ' 4 J^l ' m^ 4h : ( 1) 

208 : u-a ' JLj*-1I j u-aill ' 4j' j lj^ ' jJ»JI : ( 2) 



193 



■ana j^aiii 









tdjij 4 Action (J*^ j^ ' l-ac-l^l (j* <JjLacljjll ?tllaj ^-^ cs-i*J ^° Uj' uj 
L5 ic (Ja*j j tL-ll kail IJA frljj- frljSJl ci*^ J J J^-^ (j* ' . ^ kail (J^^j f%3 
jA gin a-j (J*1j! JjV c4i^)*-a}l J^ij c^jLudJVI (>a (Jlkail j c L5 la*]l L_lJLaJl jl^>jj 

. p(1) p AijxJl L_L>A 

0*J jSi c4_LaM£ V^*il 4-»JiiJ dlfljJl ^ jaJJ cAJLuoj aJIj LaOJC j^ ulll jjj 

_A£jLuo j g^aliiLall ClllcUa ^j-a J^*;! U' * ; kj > "j AjI La£ 4 J^J^. j' -^ J-V. j' 

4jJj|jjJ| alfrlj '4_llc. L_li*J ^glll AjjJjUll Alilkj j c^g-aM^ll (J*1j! Ajtjlik L-Lma 
Jljal (jx AjJljla LpV (jic jA Lajj j cJail 4jI», J^>a-a (Jj^ (JJUjuJI <j£J 

JklS tSUiS tUllc. AjftfriJl *laJL ^l JUil C Uj Jaj^S iafijJ j 

; iJa Ac jjj ^ (JjLijuJi A^LalijJ 

^l JJjij ' - Lla c4_uaLk (-JjSjIuI jUaVI cW^. J <(J-aijl (Jab (j-a (jj^H 

IgjJj sjLujVI cS^ ls^' ^'\)^' < J tig km j j iOjSill j\ tAJaaJl AjJaj 

; (J-rt-uLi j j^J^aJjl ?7^)Lk (jjLlul j 
4 uUa j Uj^Ji P^ ~ ^)' aJLJl - 

.(j-alaJl AiUjuo (_pajij c^^l jA L-lUaaJl jl t*lJj tdjUlkaJl j 

(1) : J.M.Adam . Linguistique Textuelle 'P:119. 

. 258 : oa ' J^l j o*^l ' 4j ,j 6^ ' j^l : (2) 



194 



(jUjolJI (Jj£jjLj QAjJa (Ji.iJ c4j.u)Lu)I j-i^aljf. L&ljJ J ... AJLuojII p jJ J t^ySlLajlj 



J 

J 

(J 
3 



o^ 






195 



vmmk-vmkm 



\ 

j 

j 

J 



j 

J 
J 
f 



- $T jB - tX«J\ 



^g-ijll 4_!uu Ai-a tg.LaL<aa. <JjjuLijl ^gJj aJLjuoj 4_jLj l_sj_*j ajj_£jl jjlj_all jjl 



7 : (j* - cjj^l ulkkil fllaj i o^j- 4 1 ^^ 1 ^ • j&S : (1 ) 



196 



Pkfttelit-PHftlcHil 



. '^jllSjkl^JWIltfjl- 1- 1- 1 

^gjfc j i^^jJl aAac iJ^LL (jx ijj^ajV JaI (^j <ftl AjLuoj ^jSil (—lllaaJl 
<Ull C5 L^a- 3 "^ a jjj.'*'" ajLi. ^g-lc a^LuaJl 4_jlc (JjjJa. (JjjiiJ (jSaJJ cA^jj 4±^a 

aLuo j A T iic 

(Jj^jja. L kj AjLuojII (JjJj Jjl ^g-aa tt g-lij Lua ( kiwi ^^jj! CJLiLi£ dul£ j 
(Jj jilll jjj (jjiil j 4 Jj jilll Jja 4(3fud^ ^j^>j aJ ^jj£jI (jljSil uj »-1 - 

j-* Ji j-jyi j ^gjiuijyi ^g^-j-Si ^j^ '"^'^^ iAj^La aJSj jA jjjiilL "(j\ Ji jjyi j 

<_£jjuLjj ^ujUll Aiijj La£ ta^ uiaJI ^.LujVI j 'SL>^' SjIjVI 

AjLuojjI ^ *"' -aLuo j A_llc <&l L5 L^a _ L5 JJ]| J^ uj] ^gjmiill Jj' ta^lll! -2- 
SjJaJl l-La j i '*< Will j Aj*jJ| 4 AJjLuaJl LjjjjI j!^Lk (j^a J.!' ""* ^'^ ' AjjLajuaJl 

m Jil\ ^^JJJ 4j ja ujjI j ( J^aJl SbLLaj i(J-alllj jL*jl ^ (JJ^L 

JjVl J—jJaU^ail ^_La ^ JjVl i^J-H Ala A_jAa^aJl CJllSl £*iajJ "3" 

LiA J<nHui*i iA aKlajl dilUl (jx. 4 L uilj AjJjJ t4 llaLa a till j ^g-lc ^^.jJl J jMj j 

^_a l.i_gJ j_& j iLJjla 4 m aj (j_jaJL V 'L-}^l S^ljllL_j j-at-ll A_i^lV' A_*ill oj >«lu 

. P(3) P ji^l j C-JjJa^l 
A^.j La] c aLuo j AjIc ^ll ^gik^a- t5 Jill j^-^ uj ^^Ic lilA ^^.Jjl (j^J >J - 4 - 

A-a-nJ jl c4_iilaL]l jAljlalL L_ aj*J l-a jl cA-iuiiJ SjAUa ^^.Jjl (j^J >J -5 - 



. J-j ^ ai ^Jj^ ; Jaj.ua j «jj^j . ^jLajII ^j - *- •* . ^jLajII JocLa^uj <j_i Ail) AjC j-iit jJaJI ; (1 ) 

. 341 : u- 4953 Ai^l 

.1 53-1 52:oa -2004- <ijj*- ' 7:-ia <■ cjlcjJx»il ASj^ t ^ijUl j ^l^il t jjja^, i»aM> : (2) 
. 160-143 : o* ' MjSII 'j* 1 ^' ' ^ ^ : (3) 



197 



pi^faik-pH&ickfci 



198 



. ( 20 - 19 - 18 : *-uai ) { AlfljS ^ 

U jA j iAJC AjjJ^Uiiail j iAjAAa J I dlliil ^jc ^IjSJl 1 -ll laaJl jaxji _7- 



(2-1 <j^) { l^^ ! ^ ci J'-y j <-h£ } 

£^jud]| AJjuJl ll&i "j j - lg-ic iill t5 jJaj _ Ajudjlc ££jllJ C5^~r' (J^JJ 



^jSj IaKj 4 jLaj <j£ ^ j t jli-a <j£ ^ (jaJlj (J^VI j'j^' c£"^' "8 - 

(52 ci*a) { 'i#i f ^ $ J* ASi &jj 0£j jJ ji * Jki! AJj ^ ^ 

AjIc <&l (^L^a-AAa^a ( _ 5 jj]l aSLuojII ^gSlla lA-ijilL Ajjlj£]l Sj&Ua]l jjl^JJ -9- 

:^L^^jJl^l^ljJI^Lh^jjUj.2- 1- 1- 

JjjiJl Aj.u)lla Aijx-aJ Ajjlj£]l ajAUali ^<-.1 al^VI j ^UlUI aSIjJI JaJJjl 



ASjxaj SjjJII JjVj -J^j; 11 ,jj«aJl (jj j%jjiv jiaJI LgiJVJ j SjjJII SjfeUa JjUjj SjjjS i_uS uiiii; (*) 

365 :o^ ; 1 ? '1985' ^jja 1^ • Aj a !«J| <_u&ii jb > < _ r M^ ^^LxaIi jjc ,jjJ«j tAAjjAIi (_iK i ^ii 

. 384^] 



199 



.LJI.1&V j; ' aJ (JjjjJl L-jLuJ Aijx-a 

Ajc^judll al£^.VI JaLuLail jjun*i - 
jjl ftJjuiil (JlS t< _iijaLa]lj »LlJ| (ijjjJ L-UjuJLj aLlJI £jV 'AjVI p^ JJ >M J* - 

P(1) p << joJi 

SjJ*Jl jl ;4jiUil Aj^Siil SoclSil (jx UJMkjl (^jjuill A^aJl j^Laij - 

_ Jailll »j**-i V '.'.'"' " j^j- ^^; 

I^J fr^^J U jA j tlAjjjjoiflJ AJC diLjVI cP 3 *^ jc- (JL^VI J (J^l AJljj- 

.AjuoI joU L^alr. I ja. jjjoilill 

jfLj aJ AjV (AIj jj Ajjuot-La (j& ^Lu (^l j£jl ' -ll LaJl £jli (jjful La (_]£ aC. j j 

ASJjJa A-lla a AjjAJ AijJ ^ ^jxJl g^ala J I Qc l^lJJtJ 

IjJjj-aJ jl C(jiajVI J lllljLajoijI ^ <Ull ClljSla] IjJjjuaJ dul£ OJJJ^ ^LAi 
Cllbl j (JJJ^I (»lj3l (jfr OJJC j ( j a > ajj (_£J^.I <-Hj\_al j _LjJ f.Lu jl AjjjouJI (jjiiili 

.dlj-ail ^*J La oLlaJj lj£j *J^ 

_(jJJjjuijj| jl£-all j c jLaj]l (jc. jJ*J ^IjSil L_)UaiJl (Jxa. La j& j 
(JjLolojI ( alia a jji-aJ j 'L^J3 (JJJJ*J ^j^l Alull j 4L-AjuoLuj (J£j^ jLudJVI 4-liaLkj3 
(jLajjl (jfr ^IjSil L-lUaaJl j-ajuo j < jj- ajdl j jL a a V I ( alia a ^ (JU^VI (J^ 
ALajVI JJC- I^Jla. L-^aJ aIxa. La£ cAj (j^aLiJl ^^.jLiJl AaLjjuo (jiajflJ aIxa. jl£-all j 

Jj' >*»» Jl o 

jj^ajj^aaJ V Jailll ?J**-} SjJxJli tjjjjjl L-jUjuAj Ailx-a djLjl JaLp'jl Lai 

^yi jl£ j-a ^j a^ja diijjl (jj^il (j-saLijJuVI jjLajj diLjVI o^A a^a. jl ^l cL-njuJl 



.22 :lk» ' 1£< OTJSII fjfe <^ lMjA ^jjll : (1) 



200 



jA ^gjlj^ll L_]UaaJl jjl i\^ljjl ClAjjuollaJ dlLjVI 0^*-i -^-Aj' C5^** ^ J 
jjc L-lUaa ll IJlA aJMsIuoV i^gilajll j ^gjoiill j ^<-^ ala-VI £§lj}l £-a (Jclill] ojJl 
tfljLu) ^g La* a jj-saijl (JJtaJ La jA j ciajia-aJl ^jUl ^ (JJjLjuo "^J^J ^ c*iiljjl 
^j (^JjJ t!lSi jjl La-la > a (JjoJ j iLgJ ^ju!^ (Jj3 V ^J^Vj SjL J^p' ' ^ A '^ * ^-aL£ 
c*IjJ <_£jJ ^"^ cxiljil *-a Al.la. j 4*ilj]b Aja!>lc. Qc AajUll ojjia. t5 ic g.1 ■ iaSjl 

AxSljJ (j-ajjl Jabj'jl Ajj^aill JJjLx-a (jx (JjoJ -2- 
a jjlaJ Aj3 (jLjjaJl Ajj^a^j^aa. j tAlb ajj ^ ^IjSJl ' _lt LaadJ ftiaJ Ua-a £jj 

aJLuoj]! -aLuo j a^ <&l t5 i*^a -^5^1 Igja cs 21i ^l Ajjj*]I ^jj-^ * \:.^ j £^jil 

AjuO-iLaJl AjjLajuJl 

:JzlllJI L jmiO*-3-1- 1 

t5 jj]| a$c ^ ^gillll (jtla cAllilaJ j cAJaia. j cA-a^i t5 ic (j-ajaJ *^-i-a Aaljll 

(Jxijl (jfr (Jx^aiJJ V Ai^)A-a]l dul£ j 4 jLaJVI (J*^J UjllLa -aLuo j AjIc <&l C5 l^a - 

.liaiilb Aj3 SjljVI dikjjjl alia. g$la Ajla i^all Aj-uiilb (jlj^l £jV .S^a-lj AJaaJ 

ai^l jiiis ^iili jLUi j c^^uyi ^jj 1 ^ 1 j ^^ ^.j^ 1 ub^ 1 ^ ^jj 

: \jan\l j SjIjVI jjj j t J*ill j Aijx^l jjj aJjLjll Aa!>l*]l 

; JU AJC <Ull ^gJ^aj (ilJLa (JJ (jiiJI (j*i 
^aJ j 4 jA j ftJjJai qa <-_l*^ (JJ (^l J tAalla Ll j 'O^JJC- LjI ^jIjuoI tluS » 

/L^ajAli j^jdJl L a& V Aalla jj! Jlai t /Cluja. ^a j^aJl Jjj V Jlai dl ^A^Lai 

. p(2) P«l4ja>li 



1998 fUiajJ! jUl ;4^ ' t^j*^l t^^ 1 J 2 ^ 1 ' o^ 1 (»Jf^« ' AO J^ 1 ^^ j^ ' j^ 1 : (1) 

.87: o- 

. 1430 : o» ' 5582 Ai^l ' ^J^l &ja— ' ^J^l : (2) 



201 



j-Sfl : Jji - 

^aiJl Jjlj&L 

f!*£l! Jlxil cjjl£i cjjjAjI! ^ cjitill j ^Ua'Vb fjjSlI j'j^ 1 ^ ^ 
Jlxil ^LaJ jjl t!l]i i^LaJll ^j'a^''; j^V ^ l?4-"-" cJ^'^J lv*J '^J^J^'u^ V^*si 

pjij JjV' ftLajl (^ T^jLu iy aKlajl SjLiC 4_llc (JjL-aaJ LaJ i^jjjLa a^^jl 
4-LuaLaJl dlljjijJl p jJJ (J-ai.1 jaj ( _ 5 ]c j cAJ'IJ l_liaL^ajl ^ Al^aLaJl (JjIjjAjjI 

. p ( 1 >p~ Alalia j AijU-a ^ 

^jV'^'j^l (j-^jjl (JjoLuoVI W-ij^J SjLwaa. (jJj^J «^iJ Clll^aJ ^j-a (jLla 

La (J;}fiaJ J C(J-aijl A^ij dujjfll j 'A^ljll ^ ililaJ ^IjSil (J-aJjl JJjLlJt j&Ua-a 

oJlA j-a JjVl UJJ^ 1 ^^ J *fl***H j^rkj^l j^fl ^l-^VI CJliUa jj^St j 

.ALjLJ J t(jl jSjl JJjoilj aJ£J SjLjaaJl 

(jl£ 4 Alicia ^jJj (ilii ^*j ^j*j *j i^jLudJVI Aja i» ■ <aj >j$l\ Sj£a (jc. J^*-^ ^,V"' 
. P(3) P « CJlliL ^ja L^ia CJlliL JLlI j Ailll £ j^ ^Likj Sbl jjm^ll 



. 266 - 265 : o» ' o^l j J^l ' 4j' J 6^ ' j^l : (1 ) 
. 8 : o» ' Ju^l j tjf^l ' C 1 ^ ^^^ : (2) 

jjjill j AilSjlS ^Ilajil (_>uJa-aJl jlAual . Aijau^l aJlC . J^aljjJl j jj^ilil j Aiill . i. an-iLJ '^■^- ; (3) 

. 90 :o-' 1995*^^1 



202 



pi^faik-pH&ickfci 



203 



Ak. LJSj a\ tV^*9 UjUJ c Jlj£]| L_ll kail Jjjlll jl jluLall t^jlSil jl£ j 

(j-aill AialuiJ *jJaaJ Jll (j-aill AjAx^ai (jc (_pal*JJ aJ j cSa^Ij Of-ljS 
(jl ' -JaJ La 4 j- taj AdJ^a^ U-Jj^"' J 3 *^. ^° 'j^ J ^ aa uiia ^l£ ojLuclj Vjl 
Aj AuaS Jc Igjoiij (jiajflJ (j-aill 4 ! i uaj dul £a (Ajudij (j-aill (j-a ^)aJ f. ja. Alii) 

. p(1) p ajiii 

JaJ.lll AjSUjuo (j& ^IjSJl L-lUaa ll Jjj-all jl tj-uiLall ££jt£Jl (Jj-aflJ a] 

Jj*J A9 (Jj i^Cjilll L^aUjaiJ IgJaJjJ CllLaKll (Cjiill r'^J^I Alt (jl£fl c^^jLiJl j 

_ Uoic i aLa t pJinlJl Up"VV^ j . JV^I l^lLal Jj 

dllAaJ I » jl*S a Jjjlill jl jjjoilll JUs c^^a-jLiJl L^JLlluJ AjVI -kjJJ La£ 

<K (j-aill aLa uijl Jj ja^\ <_£A*JJ A9 j .AjLlJJa. j (J-aill 

JJ*J (jl pUaluol Jai t jJjilll j JjUllU LjUaa. (jl£ t JijSlI L-ll kaJl jjl a£a!I 
ljLuJ (j* (jl£ j cAjUa. j AJlclia j A£jiui JJ*J3 i^^xll (jLudJ!iU Ajj&ill Ajj^jIII 

; L-jLkiJl liA J ^l JUil c Uj 

. ^Il2l j L_±a> Aa'Mc ; jljall L-iLkaJL) (j^aJl Aa'Mc -1 

._ ^MJl j SX-oll aA^ -^jjll j^kJi J a_iLij«JI ft jjill jUjj -2 

; J (JjSjI (jLjjoul (J^ajl ■ ^ (*Al (j-aJaJj (j£-aJ (Jj^ La Jc f.Lu j 
. ^j\\ ftjAUaJ Jllll JaliSjV JUil A^j^a. - 1 

^IjSl j cjjjill l_A±J (> ^IjSlI lM*±1\ Uy&»\ - 2 

.AjS j^Ja (cill ^gjoilllj < Jlalll j Lg c\ ala,VI 

tSlli jljjal j cSjIjVI j Aij*Jl (jinn J*i]l C L>J - 3 

Au Ag-a (fiill jx'VI tAibail L-lLLa^ll J c£3j.}J jJl CJljjiilLj 

_ ojl > aa (jjj£ll (ilJi 

JJjJ (jl pUaluol ijjjiajl AjjjuiJjI fcJjL' jJC L_lUak (j-a tilliA (jjJJ c^UaI 
(jc. tdJi LJjC LaiLa 'rW-^ ' .\!^ '"^ Jj AjLa^l£ll JlxiVI Jj^J (jl J 'J^*J (j' J 
g-lx^a. AjjjulJl Jj_ CllljLuuo «Jjoi (Jj3 (j-a J^p' L^^' ^' L_llj£ AjJJ^I (j'j^' 



. 79 : o» ' f l-^ll jlJll ' 2000 ^j«Jl 



204 



& .iJAo Sjjjuo ^g-A j c *■ r^Sj 7^ (_>jj^Vjuj_1I (jj-SlI ^g-3 JJ-^I Sjjjuo CliJ^Jl 
4j^)juLa]I (JjjIj II 4_}JJJ j-& j I *V J A ^jl^ail UJ_)-J j'^"' L>* ^^ U^fy ^^ (J^ 

q*a U-^ 4_ljLa-a j 4_iii]| (j-aj-J cL^Jj^J L-llljuol CIlLjjjI !>liLa JjJ^I Sj^oii 



L-LJLaJl ^g-3 jJaJl j coj^oiJl oAA L^J3 CllJ^J cs-^' L_fijjJall ^gJj jJaJl » 
4_!bLa. AjU 4- I gic. <Ull ^gjJaj -^j^j-dll al 4juLjI& ISJ^ JJ-^ Sjjjoi Clll^Jl 

aaij diJ^Jlj 44_LjOa]I ^gj ^jjaiLLdll (_>olj JjLuo (jjl ^1 (jj <&l ajc oVjj c^^l t!laV' 

Aj&I oHa.1 j AjjjuoI (JjLoia ^ AjLa-t tall (_pa*J CllVj^J (jc- ' . \; V J Oj-laJl 
. P(3) P Ubj SjjviSI CjU o^*jl Jj Jill CJUuAi* j^kL ^Ull Jj^Jl j 

.83o-<2:^M998 

. 33 : o* ' jj^I »jj" j^ 2 ' (|JjJj^l : (2) 

4745 ^J ^JIaVI . JJ^I »jj" jjnii" . jljiill jji.ijj v_jl_l£ . ^ jta_i]| gn^ . ^jLajJl . jiaJI ; (3) 

. 4759 J\ 

C D Rom - <i»tuJl ^iJljSil Acj*i.>4Ji 

278 ^1261 o* ' 1 999 ^jj^ ^j*JI v^il jU 



205 



vmmk-vmkm 



dJJ Jc JWI dij±aJ) 



CA$£y£ 



<-H\ 



<usl j_jc. (j_c "d '" ill 4_^.^ki 



l_lLa >-al (_j-a J-^.1 j Uj3^ a (* 



(31 )Aij^J 






J^J^ 



■(7J)4) 






Aj-al (jj (J^lA 



ig uj j ,ji L-iljjtJl Igic I jj-lj j 

.'(9-8)... iJj 






<-b^ cj=^ LW 



O-C" 



(jj auI Ji£. ; Cluli t ajJ^ Jj^ 



^■^<-. tiliVlj 'j*W <JJ^ j! 
(11) 






<U1 



a J (j r ll«jj_-ajl a\ A Lii 'lie. 






-(21 -12) 



(jj al l 11 ft (JC. (_£jLijjl 4-a.^a.l 

<&| . u j <\_i51jLc ( j_c. ajj_c 

<« Ixj jjSLuj ajl j LS Jj^jl 

LaJajoLa 



<Gc <Ull ^gJ-iaj J^J Jjl 



( 22) cUill Ijlji ^Vj 






-Igic Alii t^jjaj— 4-utjlc 



(26)u^ 



U — ^ J lJ — jU*^ A ?-J^' 

C_ulj jj (_£jC JC JJja. 



jl . ViVI jj^ alj^sl 



^ la. ;»£j j jj j jc. 1 J JJJ 

(27) Ijjitiuii 



4_a^>a-a j^-3 (jS-uJI (jjl <La.^)a.l 

(j J ^ill J JC (j— C 4 jl a i a ll 

Ajo\ (JC ?CJj i a 



(_£^Sj| JJC (_jj ' . ' JJ^ 



( 33) 4J^I UJ*% UJ-^' J 



^)jLa. (jc (jLiiui 



^1 (jj ^ill JJC 



(j St aSjl j3a Ij & jSj V j 

( 33) ^1 



206 



Pkfttelit-PHftlcHil 



dlj J& JWI dyJaJ! 



cA$Cy4 



<-H\ 



& ■>■ ■>■ ' ^ j aSi =j 



M*^ LW <^' U° tP' Jf^' 






(55).*^*'" L^ 4 ' LiJ^' ^' -^J 






4 JJC. Alii J 1^3 ^ll (Jj LUJ 






207 



ClAjl (_pa*J CliLfJjl J^a cSjjjoiil ^ (jUjolll AjUfla (jjjLaJl JjAaJl Qjet (jjJJJJ 

j^jJl it^laV' Aj^La. ^^A 4jjja-a AjjoitLaJ IgJabjjl ^jl£ j cl^lj^J L-lliuib ajjjaul 

A^M£]| JlxiVI CjLlljla j cCJbVI CjLlljIa jij ^1 cJlJ 4-U^kJI 4_m]l j£ j 
La£ c^jI j ^g-k-a AiLial jl jJJoij A*JJJ ^3 (( JJjSlill j ClAjj'VI ) ClilLa]! al^Jl ; MlLa 

P(1) P L^alli jl \JS1\ £i£* £* AjLu jS J cMj^j IjUk J ^Uw.v; cjli'VI ^j! 

jLaJV cJj 44_La!>l£ Jlxil jLaJV AjjLuuo aJLuoj aJ^Sjj JjJjI Sjjjoi jj^jj j 

cjLjjVI 3*j»gi SjjviSI Ijjj dii2u .^j*.! a^M£ jUil J] ^jilj c^ ^M£ J*i 

jx'VI £A 'SJJ'jil J cs-J'j^l C5^- «^Jl 4-ataL J-a'VI J& ^MS J*i Jjl j 
(JjUajaJI J-a AijUa jj- ZaaJ ^V^-J <_£jj*-a}l L_llixJl ^jAjuoJ j 'La^J Ailjjl a^*J 

". ^j^ j jij vi i^jj v ajji jiij *£j£a J sjjij vi ^l v ^jijii" 

A^Vj CJliMc (-i.,n\ CJbVI jJJ CJliM*Jl Jl SjjviSI AjI^j ^ ^Jal j 

Jlxil (jll JaJj jA dlLjVI (JJJ JaJ^I U^ '^^.l Sh'^'^'I^ tillable ^^A (Jj tL-Laiai 

CjLjVI JJJ Jajljjil Clijlc. (ilJaJ tA-aJjaJl x-iuiii Qjj j i Jj^aJl A-alib ^g^Jj ^al Qii 
^gAc AaJl A-alal (jli j t'LaJjaJl (JJJ (Jj^aS VI AJuLajl «-aLuilJ L^-1AJJ '^jVI <^J^ll 
AjuoI JaJJ^a (j-saLk jjJ OjjjuJI ^ AjjLa£.l^)Jjl Jajlj^i] ?t±> aJ liA j t^ >^il» ll 

(12 AjVI ) { IjA ^jmqT L ijllaj^ilj £jjl»j£ll ^a ' oj. '-u iL a .u) Jl Vj2 } 



285 : o-a ' JLi*-1I j o-aill ' 4i' J 6^ ' j^l : (1) 



208 



^gjJaLJl (J*ill Jc Cilia i j (JjUajaJI 
; jLu <Uj3 J j 4 4jjUc.Ijj}| JaJj]l Aiilij j!la. (j-a tSlli 

.(22VVI){.. ^^Iji^y^J^Vi } 

_^al Jj- ^-^ Aj ( r lHaJ AjV t(JjSHijLajlj 4_Laj (jjlxlj J^VI Jc- (J^ (J*^ UJf^' 

P (1) P O^J*^ UJ* 3 J '^jL-^Ll j-alkj jll ,r VI" SbVI A.lkj 
(j£-aJ a^l£Jl (Jlxil (JJJ Ajillajll (Jjla^lxJl jjl ?c > aJJ 4(j}Jjuo ^ Jc- £^J J 

•IJ-laJ J jjj LJSjll j ( l$K AJaaJl pill] jMk (j* J£ ^ ; (fill I ) JUjuJI jjill j 
LpV'j^J c3^*-V. ^* J-^' < -- J V.^' <-fe-L& C3^*-V. ,>*VI (Jl AjuaLa. iAljLudll dila^lxJl 

(Jj^aV' Jx-ftil (_gjljl| LaAJC 4L_aijjl j Jfijl j a-U« iul JjJ j.j£j J 
<LLa^£]l (JlxiVI (J*a> La j& j 'IjJJ^ SjjjaJl J ^>«aVI A.ir_i>^3 dljj£j 

6JJJUJ L^l^.1 (jx dli^l jll 4j*JJJUJJjI al^VI J cAjgJVI J-^jV Jc Igla. aj3j 
J*i J£ Jl di!2U tf £^a *UiL JljJJ ^LaMill JUiVI ji Ljajj J^Xall j 

L-jiUlL ^iL La d^U. jxVI jLla caJj ^jll ^M£ll J*ill 4-aj Jj ^y& 



. 221 : oa ' 1991 »>^l < AjswUJI <ij*Ail jIj t ?±£l\ 



209 



AjC.Ulia.VI dllS^lxJl la±> a j cJjJaJl <Lali\j ^>aU] (JlipU. ^glill Jjjll Sjjjoi jjj 

^ a^£l! (jLxfll j _^^kl A^a. (jx ljjAjjII j jJAalll j .A^a. ^j-a ' . UC. jUll j 
^i Aj^l^ll JlxiVI Ul .L-llAjllI j ' . UC. jUll (JOJ ^J <Ulc ALuaJ ^IjSlI ' _ll laaJl 
1> aSlI .S^J^a. L_ajl*-a (JJj^jI c^jLudJVI ^-fijl*-« J^}*J' t5^j ' ' 6 ^V* iAdJ j£l! diLjVI 
JlxiVl a^A dcUaluol c*Uj1 j .J*, j j£ (jjlUJb jUjVI (^ AjjjSc. *Uj tSlli j-a 

LcUlia.1 UUi j iAjiJLudJVI (jjjiill f.Lij ^ °3?-^ ^ ^J^J^.!'" ^W^ lB^- 3 ' U' 

.AjC-t a '^V^ dll&USl lj .llltalill j LJljC-V' (^jluLa ^gJc JJJ*J j JJJU (j-a la JJ Uj 

^yi L_iLa-aJb ^aVI 'j '""*.v ^ ' ^""* J c5^-*^v. cs-^' Aj-a^^ll Jl*iVI (jc <Jl!La£ j 

(jx f-^gJ^ lluSlxJ j tt ■ <a*J IgjLJajU a^I£]| Jlxil dujJSl ' '' lia _ 31 AjVI SjjjoiII 

; ^tfl! Jiill Aj^Jj US ^l J*i jUJ] j AjjUoiI! AJUjll 



210 



Pkfttelit-PHftlcHil 



1^1 


p Jj^jSl 


2J^\ 


cjLLgjaII 






(JjuO^aJI ^^-*J <&\ 






J*il] ajUI^VI 



211 



( . ilall j JSjJI 4-iialkj ljjLL £USyi Jj <-a^J Sjjjoiil ^ ^l£ll Jxi Jjj 

<j^» *£La (Sj La 4 <ua^j j >%i£- an! J^aS Yji J j^iaj) j f' ui^AJu j^u AjIS 

. ( 21 VVI ) { ^ ^- &l j fXX} (> J&jj ^l 6^ J ^ ^ 
cjljki. ^Uil ^ U4JI IjJ *U aLUIi ajV' iJ JjVl ^l J*i uj 

^^ic. JjOaJl 4_aUJ| Jj jCiJ La,y&l\ Jlxil (j* CjLlljIa OxJ *L> ^ j ( jlkuSdl 

CIiLLgjaII lilt L ^-^ all (jj-ajJ (JJ^I J c A_lJl^il j ^g-Jl^' 

j^^LuiVI ■*'**?■ <"l Sj^ 3 ls^I jc-^' a^^jI Jlxil (jx diUiljla Jji e-La. La£ 

Jlxil Qja Ija-y V ^3^ J^ SjjjaJl ^ »^£ Jxi <_$! Q\ (jiii la jA j cAjSC j 
Jx3 jA (_£jja-a ^^^il^ Jx3 J^l qa J^ljJJ j cLJaxJ IftjJaxJ Ja£j <^^>^l 4_La!>l£ 

. C5^l f^l 

4-lgJ] ^>aIjIj Lj-iiaxJ (JjIxJ c^!il£ Jlxil (JA dlUil jla ^c »jSj lgj£ ojjjouI £jj 

Aa.1 j a^l£ Jxi Jja. JJ^J l$i?- tlul£ j tlA jJC. j L_lUxJl j Jjc jjl j Ofr jj\j 

aA^IjIs ^j^alJC ^^Ic dulS tAJjAjJu A^!^ Jlxil (jc tlljAaJl (j£-oJ AjI ^5^ 

AjVI Aj^J ^ill jLkuill CJljLa. ^Lul <Uxj j-Vl J* ! ^1 f^l Jxi jl£ j 

. SjjajJi ija 21 

.Aa.lj L_a^A (JjSaJ 1> <a3 A_lA^A£Jl JlxiVI (>« 2^^ dyj^ 3 ' 
1 _]| laaJl ala uijl ^ ~^ uUJ f.La. '(^" t5-«^^ J*i J^-^ (j^ ^txialj J£jJuJ jjJ 



212 



: SjjuJfJ ZOJf Sj^dJ^L^fjjJI jxJI -3 

C5 JxaJ| t5 ic (Jjj ajjjua tdJoj ajuojlil ipULVI oj^X^. j cL^llUllj aiaij! jLa^. j 

Iclajj ^ a > iaJ Aj*aJ tAlb aj> ^ j iaJaill Ac-jjJ ^gjljlll L_)UaaJl jjJ-aJJ J 

ajl^a j (j-ajjl L_a^A (jc ajjjL-alLj JJ*J Ai*AJ La£ tl_lt laaJl t5 ic bit 

AjjuoLuoI jj^ali».£ AjIijuojaII SjUxll j cjLlaJl j aiaijl ^j-a <j£ jjJ ^^JLaJJ l^£Aj 

' * << p L_iia.j]| (jlkil JUaJ] jLa .ail ?c.uij j c jjxaJI ^^Ijjuoja]! ^j^J] 

jLaa. j plajV I Jba^. (j£ J'^'J jI£j V cJ A ?. < cPL^' 4-l^aaJl JIaI Ua (j* 
Aj^aUk cAI ajjjuall 4-lJjSj j i££jtajl t5 lc jjjUJL) (jjJ*JJ Ajiilaj L_il.iAV ^jjjuajl 

■^J.'J^' j' Si^OH I ^^4' (Ja^J 6JJA-a dul£ La I ij 

AijjJ aJjLa-a ojiaJ ^ Ajjlj£}l Ajjiil ajjjuajl L_ajUaj jjua^ cl^V. ^ ^^ 

C-jjj AJjliLa AjjLacl^jJjl al^-a *AI dul£ IJli 4 AiiLaC. I^>J jlxJl (j-a e^A aLlsJ La] 

.AjJS AjiLaa. LJl^AI ^j-a AalaJ La 

La£ i^gjuoJJj (J£j^ 4L_lLljuoVI ol^J SjjA-aJl ( * a .;^j'\ < "jJ^'" '^J^ j^ 9 -" J 
^JljSil (j-ajj! I^A ^ AjJS ojjjua (Jjli t j^j^all (jx oj^C- (jjj AjjjujIj! jIjjL) J^aTJ 
j^j^all *j\jjj] toKuioil AjI ^ dlJjj AjjjujJ ^^A 4- dlLjVI dH ^jAxj) ^*J- 
L_ajj*jj| diLjVI ^J^A (jj^J '"^ '(.^-J^jl « Ua^\l ^i Aj^aLi. (ilii ^*j AjjLoSJI j 
^Vl Al<u^ tfjity 2^11^1 ^ ^*^ljJ UiliJ c"ajj^ JjV^? j ^JUj ^lUJb 

^bu <Ull Aij*-a [jl ; (Ja. j jc ^ill Ai^}*-aJ ajjjuajl JaLu'jl ' -Ujjj (jj£j ^5 

>i*j| j iAijx-all j cSUaJl (j-a ^g-ajuoV' ' *" ^ " jA A^j J^&j^ajll j cdlLjlxJl AjIc. ^^ 

. p(2) p t^Vl ^ j ub^ 1 >- c^ ^ ! ^J*^ c^ ^ , ^ 1 ^Vl ciij\ka 



■j-jat j&JU AjAilxSl Ajj«-aAil ASj«iil t j»jj^I cjtjSi) ^fl AjjJ^I Sjj«-ail i i-jIjjJI JjC ^ill ^!iua ; (1) 

. 34 : u* ' 1995 SJ^JI . oUaJjJ 

3 : Jal (uU&ll ^uaflt tr^W^ 1 ^J ^J i » a -« :J^^ .OL^I J*'j^ ' t^ , J*^ , ^^ J^ ' j^ 1 : (2) 

.42 o» ' jJl J?JI 



213 



Ullc Aj jajuoJ j < an*\l L_flijJjuoJ i<&\ jjl (je SjjjlujI J Sjjj^a (Jjl 
CllljLa.ui]l Cllj^La J Jii\ jjl iSj^ ^Ll2»J 4*ijJ J 'JJ^' c3^' L-ajjujJjqUJ 

. U^jV J 

e^A J jjx^al\ (j-a JJj£}l (j<a lA jJx£ ^ ."'*"' Q^juiajI AjI J ojjj^al\ Cl)£.L^. 
^j^.^1 A_lJiil j^j^all (j-a AjJ^a (jjJ AjJjuJjII Alb 2a3 jjl <_£JJ (j-a c£jlJA j .ajjjoul 
A-l^juaJ ojjjoijI J AjJjuojII (j£] clg-aljS Je AlaiLa-a Sj^aj^all cJa-?J AjJjuojII £jV 
ajafcl j Ala jj£l jA LaJ c.^gjudll AiuoJ (jl AiajjjJu (j-a (jl£ lij AjI t^ljj cL_iia£. ( *<»j^ 
L^ijlA Sjj*-aSl Cj£a tSlSi ^a j P(1) P ^J ^^U CJjJ-aJ ol^LaJI AjI jli 

^LjJaJJ La£ JiLael^jjll 

AjJjuojII AjjLuoj]! pljJI (j<a jjJ j c^Lxialj <j£j>ij AjjjujJjI JjJjI Sjjjoi J jjJ 
L£^a IL^aj Aj3 Ajjuill Aa.j (jj^J LaAJC LaJA9 (jjje^Lul SJ.1^. AS j 4 Jj!laj]l 



^\lLa L_l^jJa jLu <&l Jjl Je aIVj «^iJ J j 4jj£l j\ (jJj-aU J^xla (j-a lc jjla 

(jc. jL^.^aJl Jj3j . J*-a]l JaJ j (jjdijj! Je jjjLjIj ' jjj'^'*' J^Li. (3* sjUxI 

; (JAaJjl JJJ" L-jUjuoI 

Ja. jj-a l^jaJ (jl Je LJjSj-a (jjijijJl j^jdjl jl 4 ftj^Jal j c*l]j) Jjli » 

f-j^gjuu Jl eLjl Ig oLu ^^^jouI J lAJjJ (jl j t J^a Au ?Ujj^aJ L^JJU* J ' J^> Jj 

Jj Jixjl (jc IgJaJj (jl jaJ 4a^a.I Ai^>*-a]l J Aj IgjSj j ale I AjLuIj ^^A ^kl 

. P(2) P « £jLll j jl Ja^VL? pLu La Jl jSalb fL Lac j < Jaluo^l 
; ^^A j c Jjlallll AjJjujjIj AjjLaeljJjl aLj-ajl (J^a*J j.JfJ (JjjLudll Jj^l (j-ai 

. t5 sii*ii tsiiij ^jjjjLii ^^ La jLj-iai 

A^Ljajj j al£lajl It alJ £U)juaJjl 
. c^ii^l c>^ J Sjjj^alS LujSj i ^>j V La j fJ*J La JJJ JaJj 

jA La Jl JSc jA La Jij Ale JAaJjl AjJjuojII J^-laJ La Ullc. t^ljil j 

J| AA.LaJl dul£ tt ■ iaa a I JjSfc AJj£ J (Jc-jl (jl£ LaK AjJjuojII ^jl Ja. t(jjjjijia a 

. 379 : o» ' 1 : 2: ' jA*-ll J5*ll « j^VI <^l . j^J! : (1) 

. 1 21 : u- « AciLJI jlj-il « ^jaJ! : (2) 

. 108 : o» ' A*-iJ ja-sJI « jlijl : (3) 



214 



LaJ i <&l jjj (JjJ-aJ (jl£ ' '* lia tA-l^juJj <jx oKuioll AjI ^ Ijj La tiljj ^^j 

_ ajjjuall jLJaaJjuol J^Li. <jx c*]|jjVI AjLaC (jj£3 j cA£jJJ j ^gSlLajl Aij*J 

Lj a$j j tllll oKj! pLajuo JJ£ tAj (JaJ j t(jAJJl ^ JjifJJ ojjjuall jjj 
^1 ^HaJ 1$j£j t^gSlLajl j^gCj (^ AlLaLi^a ojjjuall J^ ujjUj 'Lj-JJJ CjIS^jlJI <LaUJj j 
^1 TrLLaJ t^gJILajl (jAJ ^ ajjjuajl pLJaJl jjli c^^kl SjUxJ j tAjJac. dlUlaC 
( fljjaj* 1§j£j t(j-aijl ^ A^jLlajI LjIxJjuAj A£]*2ajI Lj maj ^^A c4jj.ub.nl CllljLaLa 

Ljajl Lj-ifr 

IAjjLj j t^g^ILajl (jAJ ^ ojjjuajl pLUaJl (JjiaJJ i *^j' 

Aj£I pi 4-LoiiJ A \\ai \ 

(J-axJ j 4A£jLud]l ^g^iLajl L_ajl*-aJ Ojjjuall >ju0J jjLL ; LuIj 

LjaJl Allx^akjJlj jjLJj Igjj cJj Sj£l Jil 

; ^^A AjISc ClAjLac. till j (jj^J j 

LaK j lajj^ (J^a*J (jc- LjjJajU AjL&II CIiIjaj J jc - "| 



i^ 1 



a^lSI (j^Ll ^J^>^ ^Lajudl 

. 4l*aJ| C5^ Lp^l j t^uKSl jjj Jajjja tCJljAjll JJJ LJjfijll - 3 

. P(1) P cU^Jl j <Ala^Jl *|jj j cA-aK ^_j*-a jL^U ;j juifill _ 4 

CJLaKll JJJ CJllM*Jl jUjI j*j Sjj*-aSl jLj^JLJ : J_iaall - 5 

. (JAj]I ^ L^-ajjij j 

LpJJ LaJS Jajljjj La IjJJ^ (Jj t< -lllatlo cl^^ UJ^' <--JIjLuaa]I ojA jjl ^g^JLi V 
CjLjVI Ailc JjJ La] txJJ tAJjLtLa Ij^JJ^a ajolSjJ (JIjSjI <j?I (J^JJJ -^ J .(J^ljJJ J 
(Ja. j jc Jj^LiJl A-aJaC (jc ojjjua ^gliLajl (j&i ^ ajolSjj jI oKuioil AjI ^ j 
jjjjjjjl IgJc ( aju£j ^^jjI _ojjc.j (CjJ l_i£ j£ j toKuioil ^gJLt-a <— aj*J (jl (jjJ 
l&jJC. ^ j AjVI OJA ^yi _AjjIjjjI ajjjuajL ^LiJJ cAjJjA-ail ojjj^om Q\ tillj 



263 : c>» ' o^l ^ ' 4j' j <J^ ' J^ : (1 ) 



215 



AJ^UJl JiaL Jlajll Jj^a jl Sjj-aU-oSl CjUjVI AilJJ la£ Uk tSlSJ j^JJ 
^^jJl AlJai^l (jx jAx^aJ L_aiVI ^-Sja. £jV i(-J^\ ^gAc jJjJ c °j'j^J" J "4*1" 
La£ c t5 i^loil ^LlJjVt-J jj*jua]l j (jafljjjl g^lalij fijIj^J c5^JJ J J v tall Alkia jJ*J 
jAj tAlui^^La j (iliil (j-a L5 ]cV' *3?^ t5^ c ' (j^ 1 ^ f^J^ ^?i" ^4 *^Jl (JjJaJ jjl 
SjiL A] 0£-a (_cijl frlg-ll L_fi^a. Hal t j«on\l ^i Aa.Ij j < U«^\ j " \ A „ ^ Jj (CJjJ La 
jlfraJl j£^aj L-L> <aC » (JJJJ^)}| (JJJ JaJj illj.la. ^j AlLj (^JjJS 4a!>Gl L_fija. 
' -'P «L_l]S]l dlLljjJa aUalJl ^gJl (fi^JJ J ' ' ; llSlI (jJJj - ^gjudilill 

.{ vj^10^^»^VI} pp 

; ^L La tSU J j\jT t> j jSj 

JaLtijI Jc. qKumII AjI Aja cj^jj ^ill JkLJl JjLuJl > LSSj Ija (> jj£I 

(JjjIxJJ AJuiiu) (J^juJj (^ua tAxjLilajl aAuaJjI AjjLuSJI (jc Ls -i\^\ A-Ial*]! li& J 

• '."^J aJauiIjJ 

J L^ J^aj^all jc AjjLuliJI ei& (jc ( *a. ; X\l (j^aJ 4(J}Jjuo La Jc f.Lu j 

1 g < ujI ^ j Lj^aLa uijl J j cLpj-aC AAclalajl Lp\a!>lc. J Lajj tJaaJl lA jjLaJ 

^j^-ii V (J-?. J CJ^ '*'.! w l_]£C f.La. ^gJLul JlLalill AjjjujJjI jjl AjIaj Jaa.^Lj 

jli^jl JLacI jJjjuaJJ iJii\ j£i (jc. *JJ j SjLaJ 

(...) UJJ V j UJ <-jLo^ V IjjaS jjill JLacI jj JISj jl jLaj jl£ j » 

UaJ 4 ^gJljSjl J^j*^l Aj£] j ic^jliA ^JJ *J C(jAiJl (^j ^ila ^gia-aJl c5^J;}3 

(2)p 






216 



pi^faik-pH&ickfci 



oj£Aj! lliiiaJlj ^jjjjjjia oj\ ^j (Jj£x-<ul (J£j jA Sj^x^aJl e^A L-S.1A j)l£ j 
Jjja V 4<j!>Lia]l t5 lc JJ^aJ (j-« £jV c^Juoji^Jb UUaJ -^aJJjJ ^ '"•*■ ^ p* l.laJl Ajj » 
(j& tlljAaJl ^ jJjjuaJjl (JSJJJ aJ * 'P« A&C ^ (JlaJ L-lLua»jl (JJJj AilJ 

JjLacI (jc dlLjAaJl ^j A^jaJl Aiull (jjl Ai^)*J (_cijl f I j^ ■ tall ^i L-lljjuJl 

SjAUa j '^JjI pUL Aj^aLaJl jAljialLj A-Lalc. Aijx-a (jiajflJ c£ljj j cjLaall (jLa&l 

*■ 'P f.Lajl ^ (jJ*-o (jj-aC ^5^- AjUllaJ j i(.jjJ^\ q^\ - oHa\ 

(jj*-a j- <a& ^ (JylLftJ AiaJJ^a IgJXAJ tAjaJjUS jbul (J^aJ* j^judjl (jx ^J^- j' 
.. ALuoMill j ( jjllaMall j cjjjjoijl^l <>a*j j . P ^P UJ^j' ^ (JJi ^ 



. .199 u- .1998 

^ Jijl 5jSj £)! Sj>uaJl A JA <> o^J^I O^ <^ J .296 U* <Mu^ S^&UaJt t ^l £)J dJU : (2) 

. lift ,»kSl ^uaC 

^j*Jl ^ISjII JSjaII <. jJU-a ^U; jj t ^iLuV 1 <^J*^ J^ 1 ^J 12 ' cjjSj! ■ iAa ^> ' J^ : (3) 

.299 u- '1996 fLitfll jlJll. 2 :Ji 



217 



pi^faik-pH&ickfci 



218 



. SjjxmII LkJl 4jjjJ/ - 4 

j^jj tail I (jx (j^*-« pjj (jjj (^ A '".! aIx^J j 'ej^ Uic- AjJJ (j^aj <j£] 

.(J-aJjl (j-a ^j'^'*"" ' -iJLaJlj JafSjJ Lu*jl S^' °^ U' ^ J 

^i j,iaJ 1§J1 (JJ 4L_ljudai AjuaLa. 4_lij (jc (j-aill ^ ' aju&J V (^ j » 

. p ( 1 >p«^ u ^~1^1 J l l ^1 Shema 

; JlLa i (J-aJjl t g .lie. ^gJJJ Lg jl\ dllxjUil (j-sa_aJ_J caJja^a Aj_Lj (j j S-li 

.AjjjUi A-aiaJI J^Li. (j-a aUaJ (jc ( ajuj^J ^ill ^ I - ^ L_l - t__i I 

Ajiilaj j cAKjJu j cAJj-ajJa-a J^Li. (j-a '7-*^ (_>«a^l ^.!' ""J' ^ <-^-£ 1^] J 

.Ul*Jl AlliiJ (jjJSJ Aj AjL^aLaJl Aiilajll (JxaJ tillj jli cAjjLoC.1 jjJl 

v 'P IgJJC L_li*J ^jJjl ( ajl U.j\\ txjj JJaJ (jl (j£-aJ J^j- <aill p IjJI (jl tillJ 

OJ^OJUO (j-a 6JJJUJJ j\ CaJJ^Jl (jl j£U UlxJl AjJiJl (JC ( Lu&jl l—UU <3J C*Uj *-a J 

i^ji j Aaj A-^jia uic a±lj (iiiii j^i * jiuii ji ^xj^Lj q*a ^ijSii (_>sai]i <jv 

(jl V) 'cs-J'j^' (J^^ AjjLa£.ljijl ( fljt lajll (_pa*J .IkiaJ (j£-aJ AjI ?Uaju3 
ClAjutjJ (j-a jlaJ V "y^A JJ^^ OjjxjA iOjjxji dlUalaawa -^.-^J' ^ ~^ '"J (jl (illi 
LlsA^a jl Lp^juo I ' ^aj (jj^J (jl (j<a LaLaJ 6^J*J Sj^ojudjl (j£j iA-lad^a jl Aj-i^juo 

A_lij AK ^IjSil (j-aJJJ Ul*jl A_lij]l ftiaJ AjVI J SjjjoJI j (jljSJl P^^-a (jj 
SjjjaJl (jl I alio cSjjjoiil (j-a A&jiaLa AjVI (jl (jjlfS AjKjJuII Aja.Ij]I (j-ai tAj^aLa. 



P(A) P...ub^O 



AjJjJI (j-a $.l.iLI (jj% 4(_gJljS]l (j-ajjl AjIc (_gij aUaJ i^jlJA (jl t^ljj JjJ 

(C^jjuajl (j-ajjl Ia^ju >j taJjala A^ ^^A j Aj A_ia£juJ 



.210:0^' oaUI ^ ; 4jIj £,li : (l) 

( 2 ) : JEAN FRANCOIS JEAN DILLOU , 1' analyse textuelle, DIMAND COLIN, 
PARIS 1997, P:9. 

90. : <>fl 4 Ajjlaill iyiljill <> diil^l Jyflii! 1 jlaJI : (*) 



219 



£li<j| jMk (jx <>ajVl Jj ^IajuJI aJLuoj Jj^aJ jl Jj ^IkjJl IJA <-_a^J 

J] J^^>ji] ^J*! JA«j Une schematisation VijVi^'it b ^aSj j » 

P (1) p« Ju^ J£JLj t>a ^| ^Ljafl 

j^jj tail! (j* l& jjc. (jc ( allaj V 'Luc 4_i±j ojjjuuj (jl c*ljj cs-^3 U' UJ^ 

_ jjLalLa (jJ*-a aU»J ^^Ic t-gjUj j tojjjoijl *La ui2l(_gJ& c*UJ ^gJc JV-^J^VI (l£-<V. L^j J 



jjiii Sj>w 




ksuji 



( JU^j ) ^ikJi 







jj ■>»»"■ 



cilixil ,»LSa.i 



£)liJluiVI J 



(1) : J.M. Adam, Linguistique textuelle, P :103. 



220 



daij ,-3 1 g 31 ui t U^AiJa^a j jl£jJu A h a^i ^^ (_]■**"'< O^jjlu ^J^jJji S^j^jjuo (jj 

AjI Oj1*J V (^l X-llac-ll A-liJl jA (Jj 4 ojj-ala Lie <Uij ^gjljall (j^aill (J*-?^. l J7" 



221 



np03j0iit 



rjSKfc 



A^jjlII A^LjUjI (JjojIAaII ( alia « ^ aLa uiJVI AjjJalj aLoJ&V' I^J b& ^jx 

.4^jj ji *^j\sii aLjll j^ji j«Li ^i aJM J>jijjii j cai^i\ - 

.< -it LaJl As.jjJajA j AjKJI AjJjJI 

AjKjI AjJjJI j cJajljjll ^ j£ aAaJ ( aj£ j t^g^jLajl ( _ 5 ic (j-ajjl J;jjlj - 

(J-aJjl *La uijl 4 JjjLljl j 

(jLjjudll (jc jAuLi' lgJ*AJ iAd-allc. A-Lalc. AxJj^a Ajj^xJI Jj^aJl ei& .laJJ 
^g-dLtJl gt^Lajl t5 ic dulS Ajj^>xJ| ojl > aa ll j AjS CllLuLJ (S^jl ^UlUI j c^^aJjUll 
;tSliJ JJ^.. A;Ld!iljuoVI Ajj^>xJ| SjUiaaJl qa AjAaIuoI <cijl ^^jjjajjI 

^g-aXuoVI cs"0*^ "— ! 'j^' ^J^ ^ 'S^J*-^ <-— iVjujI^jaII t*ilS ^jllJ j_pa*J *_lataj 

Ajj^}xJ| cllLajVI (j* SjliioiVI J.J^ ^^ LHaAoJ j .S-lj-lC (jjjS Jj5 (jx 

(LljlaaJl jkij jl CJcllaU X+gl cCJCjJJ j CJbUVI CJaiLkli "pjj£ll jljitf! 

; CJljkiJl tSllS aAl diJlia <AK ^Ijtf! j-ail! AjJjo] JjVI 

l^SSl tS^ljll aL^JI Jib CJliM*Jl jjlE <J ^1 ^Uj^ll ^1 AjjiiJ 

aLaV' jaJ SjJj£ SjJai ^jjjxll ^LuiHl CllaJjlj t"<l— I 

A-aLoJ&V '(J-aJjl dlLuLuJ ^gJj ajlaJl L-ljiil jA j tCllLluiLLill alt '-*'n< j 

^g-a^iljuoj ^g-jjC ajgiAJ j i^gJAjJa j£jJuJ ^IjSil 1 -it IxaJl ^ aLa uiJVl aSLuiaJ 

. lllLuaL ala V I j 

^JjllJ ^jJIjlajI ale ^ liaj > UJ (jl jail! ale *JaluoJ aJ Ja.ljJj! I^A aC-j (j£j 

'"'j'a; Jj t jLa a\\ IJA ^ (_3fuiil ^jjoluioll j 4L_l^>xl] UJ%^ t(j-aj]l j^J Ait 

ASiJl ; CllL^aj^aa-ill ( alia a jJC tajjUla j tAjluLa A;La!iljuoVI ^JJJ*^' dlLuiljoil 



219 



^gJt-uiUl (jiij^j! (Ja.lj-a qa Ala.j-a] U^*J J&> U^ J J ' ""** (jc- ^^ U%. ^ J 

.jSjil j Aiuilill (J?- a ^ A^la. c^jjlII ^UjJl CjIjjII qa 

J\ jl£aVl <>ja J5j ^a j c^^iil aJjxo^I $jJ_i_JI ^k ajji ^SiS jl£ j 

(j^aill jaj jj£ia ,-9 ^jxuLiA ^JC. j tl^juullA LaUjjuoj (jl<alui<aJl j L_]j*Ii (jl£a 

i _J kaJl ^gJc dlLoiljoil ei& ( alia a ^Hj J^;; lali jjuoJ (fiill ^>aV 'AjJAaJl 4_1Jjjl1I 

ajjjoill (Jj '■*■* AilJJ La£ 4 ftU^ cs-J' J^l 



(jl ?uJaj' 



Mad 



j t) jjj ■ a t(jia-ai J I g-iJaa _< <J—a£_) (J_ilajjl CllljjJ uu - 

•lit aV<*\1« 4 .la. I j (_gjluba j-aVI Aa.iaa ^ ^^A (JJUjIuiajI ei& jjl C-I]j 
<Ja.lj-aJ j-aJ L-llxlui V I AjIac. (j^i tdlUjiuioll ei& (jjj J^aJ V (jljSjl SjMll AcLajuo 

^^SlLajl jjA j ^ AlaaJl lg_LaaJ ^j\\ fij^ill jl fijjj-all ajuojll] 

^gjluLa ^gjj JlLaJ CJjjk-ajl (_gjluba (j-a I.1JJ (jljSJl j^X-j U' ^H^^ 3 L)£P 
*.JajA (jc AflJ (JSj V 4 1.1a. (JJa^ f-^J* SjjjouI (-1 L_Sj^Jl *jJaj-aa 4AK (j-aill 

; (3i*JJ Aaijl oi& cojl-la ^ aa-ljl 

4 la ub AlaaJ ( ^Laa. IcliLI AK (J-aJj! ^gic a ■ -aj ^^jJl CJjjL^all ClllL aj - 

4jJjA-a 4 la uJ j A^V-i 

(jjj ^jj-all ala miyi l_i±> >u 'L^ja pULVI p jJj jj^' Sjjjoi qa (jjjj ^a j 

.Uiajl (j-alli Ig-aJ laj (JOI A£jaJl ' r Ujmj j 'A^a. (jx Sjlla-ajl LJj^jaJl 

S^)^jjuo (jl (JJJJ L-Lla C(JjjLulSI (_gjlul«<ul (jc. ^-AaJLAil (_gjluba.il (Jj--aaJJ aJ j 
ClllilJ 4 (_jl_lJJ '(jJf«a Clljj£j j cClllj-aJl jjua JjOxJl JjIjI A-aK l^ja Clljj£j JjIjI 

( a t^j£ SjjjlujI ^ lj^JI AjVI (jl j^VI (_j3 g ' ^p tJjAjLtuI ^gix-a]! ^_Jl SjUSs^J 



220 



ala uuVI ^ aALuo Sj^juJI ^ Ajjja-a]l '"^ aKll jIj^J £jli <_£j^l *jW*^ J 

. tSlli j*j ^1 ^UuoijMJ Ijj^j tyiaVl 
S^ljSl AjVI J^Ij <<*KSl oJJ CJlS^Jl t> < i.frs .& t^jaJll ^jloi^l Lai 

A*Jjla (Jjjj ' - Ua c^V-^l (_gjlui<a]l ^ AjuLuaJI CllLlVI (JJJ dllfl^lxJl ^tiJaJJ jl (Jj3 
(j-aj jA j iAji JjJ (chl\ {jjilxjiLl UaJj AjIVj J cSjjjoJI ,J ^IjSil (J*ill (j-aj 

(JJJJ3 tdlLjVI (_J-1J CJliMxJl dlauJajl C5 £kjLaJjoJl ^V^l ^gjluLa]! ^gi j 

^Ic. ajSj diLjVI (j^**^ (jl j-^J -^ 'cs-Jlj^l (J-^l S^" '"u'V (_£^l (ei^jl AlaiJl 
^ > i.fcl AJioll AjJjj]! jll <AjjU I4JJJ CJliM*Jl J*^j ^iil ^liall JtiftVI 

(jx ojJC ^ Mjla A] JaJ V c5^l 4JJJ»^I (^jilaJLuJoJl ^V^l alajquVl IjA 

^A j clgil SjjjlujI Lg-lic. ClnJJ l5^jI A-a1^J1 A_liJI c*UJ ^gic j£jJ J ' .. j^j- ajJl 

. Jjj^aSjll AjIaj (Jjfl VLaa.j dul£ ^gJjl ojjjLtuI gllxd ^ l^allaL^a {jlaJJ AjJJ 

(jx ^^illail ^gic ^gJljSjl ( _ll kaJl jj'l jc ( Lua£ j£i c^jljjll ^jIulajI Lai 

; jjlalc-J ^^Ic ajiij A-b ajj aaJl OJA c^gjljsll JjLjjud]! A-b ajj ^ AjuoIjJ J^Li 

. Aja LSj ^Ml ^Sljll ^1 Jtil L_LLiJl JjUj - 

Sjjjii SjaUsj j^siiii JaLiiji 

jUil ^ ^Jlj^l L_LLiJl j J&*1\ jjj 4&U1I 6JA A^^k jjjj d&& 

^gllj jl£a cJjSlb (Jaiil (jjJfll jjjoJI (j-a lAjJx£ 'JJ^I sjjjoi ^gia ta^Hll 

AjI ^5^. clAjJC. j cAijx-a j 'JJJ*J J 'J^J' L>° AjjLaC.1^31 Ail^bl (jSaJ ' -il kaJl 

-t5 ilj£}| L-ll kaJ] Ajjudjlb j-aVI jA Laila itillj (j^j (jl pUaluol L-lllaa tilliA (JjlJ 

Jjjjt-J V J c^>xj^]t-J jA ^li cbjila ( -il kail IJA (jj^J (jl LujC- (jiUJ tilli] j 
Allij (jU tAjjJjoiflJ jl ^j-vl-v^ j\ cAjJjjjo CllbuLtJ j-a jlaJ V L-lLlii. AjI ^j^ > a 

. Up*l J laJ A-aJlS AjuaLk Ul*Jl 

jl (j^-aJ V c^gJlj^l L_lLkii] ^j^° jW^-j jlj^l jW^-j (jl LS^I J^^l LS^ J'^*' 
CJ*3^I ^^ oJ J^ L-AjjluI qa iiljj j tOJ laJLa AJ'UIji* (jV '(JJ*- J' ^"*- •iJC' ( _ S -^JJJ 



221 



:PH#|d 






0P($clit rjlKSa 



ACCEPT ABILITE 

ACTE D ENONCIATION 

ACTE DE REFERENCE 

ACTES DES PAROLES 

ACTION 

ARGUMENTATIF 

CHAINE 

COHERENCE 

COHESION 

COHESION ISOTOPIQUE 

COLLOCATION 

COMPETENCE DE 
COMMUNICATION 

CONFIGURATION 

CONJONCTION 

CONNEXITE 



£&\ JUil 



2-juj 

(Jj^aljllll Of.U£ 

** -* *• ** s 



223 



ei^ditrptta 

CONSTRUIRE LE MODELE o^\ ^ ^j* 3 ^ 

DU MONDE DU TEXTE 

CONTEXTE u&^\ 

CORPUS fcj^l 

DETERMINENTS cjb^l 

DIMENSION ^ 

DISCOURS O-^ 

DISJONCTION lU^I 

ELLIPSE l^I 

ENONCIATIF J^ 



ENVIRONNEMENT EXTRA- 




LINGUISTIQUE 




ESPACES SEMENTIQUE 


A^V^I CJUUaall 


EXPRESSIONS 


CJljUll 


EXTRA-LINGUISTIQUE 


^IaA £ jLk 


FRAMES 


jJ-Vi 


GENERATIVE 


AjAiljSlI 


GRAMMAIRE DU TEXTE 


j-aJil J^-J 



224 



0P($clit rjlKSa 



INFORMATIVITE a^VI 

INTENTIONALITE a^I 

INTER-TEXTUALITE u-^l 

ISOTOPIE l£^2 

LIAGE ^ 

LINGUISTIQUE DU TEXTE u-^l ^USU 

MACRO-PROPOSITION ^ j£ ^ 

MACRO- ACTE c^j^l lM ^ 

MACRO- ETAT l$ j£ *^ 

MACRO- STRUCTURE l$j£ SjL 

MISE EN RELATION DU ^J J*i 
LIAGE 

NARRATION -u^l 

NON- TEXTE o~£ti\ 

ORUNTITATIVE **£ cjI^> 

PERIODES ^jj^ 

PLAN DU TEXTE u-^l ±M* 



225 



0P($clit rjlKSa 



PRAGMATIQUE a^I^I 

PROGRESSION j-tfl 

PROPOSITION ^ 

PROTOTYPES M 5 - ^Ij- 

RATIONAL ^ 

REALISATION J^S 

RECIT c^ 1 

REFERENTIELLE ^^ 

RELATIONEL d^ 

RHEME aJI oi^l 

SEGMENTATION e^Bll 

SEMES cjUJI 

SEQUENCE CONCEPTUELLE ^j^ 1 -^L^ 

SEQUENCE CONNECTIVE <>-jll J^ljSlI 



226 



ei^ditrptta 

SEQUENCE EXPLICATIVE ajj^' ^121. 

SEQUENCES ^2- 

SHEMES cA^jj^\ 

SIGNE i*X* 

SITUATIONNALITE ^Sj-il aj> j 

STEREO-TYPES ^ ^1^ 

STRUCTURALISTE c^j^l *U3V! 

STRUCTURE **y 

STRUCTURE SEQUENTIELLE aAAouII a^I 

SUBORDINATION ^ 

SUPER- STRUCTURE U^l ^ 

SYSTEME ^ 

SYSTEME CLOS c3^ ^ 

THEME ^-11 



227 



3fflitri§*8a 



^aU jc ,jijj ajIjjj :^jj^) ciU*^ " 



.1999 ^jj* 

.1999 ^JJ^ '^..J' ^"^ 4-J— — <-l cAia-aJl _JC _y—ll _?-*"* " 



1983 cjjjjj c3 : Jat ^kJl c___Jl jb t £jjt_l ^ _U_Jl ; -4 

,Jy__j 'j'j-^ 1 fj-^ ^W^ <^ D-JiVI jj-- : cy-II J^ £jiJt jjS <£ j>?^ lw' .5 

.2001 ' 1 !— = ' 4jal__l t_-__ll 4-uU_jx 4 lJ$Jb _,"*'*'* LH f"^-— = '(Jj^ 3 — ' J 

(JyLu j j_i> a t juWJi Clilelj—il igk j »nll A-iiL rj^ ; ■ ^'*'*-^| £)J.— 'I <-A^«uS ^JjaJI £)j) _/; 

.1997 t — >JJ£ ' 1 i-^ 3 ' 4j-<— *JI L___!l jb 4 *J£-« (J - * ' ^}— "' 

l;Ja 4 <Ll_j_I L___ll jb 4(Jj_t_<_I ~JJ- ^ Jj2l_I — -1- ■ — <_iljx ;£jJ>— 'I ^JiJ *U<UJ £y| _- 

• ^JJ£ 

_2;Ja 44 t l_j_I 4j— — ail 4jla— ll (Je '-^ a I (Jj'"'"'' ' J— ^ > — — Jl | £)L»JC' «2ft}| Jj) £4-*^ £)j| "° 

.1994 ^JJ^ ' J-— 'I jb t 2 ; i t (_);*'->■ ,jj _«_j (»L«y ___« ; _4_j JaS-. ^)j| "" 

.1960 u^ ' 4±>\±tt\ ■ ."<*' jb 1 <x_L_l ; _)U_jJ) *& &j<^*> cwl "^ 

^i (_)__ _)»<——> J*__l __3 ^j—llLL jj— liljl t_J__ u_i_Jj ;_4_.l £)J i *■*■ * Jjijil Jjl <^J (JJ^ _ 1 1 

.1967 SjAUjI i^jxj] t_s__ll jb 4jLc La— < a (£j__j ^' ( j^-^'J^J" '""" 

<Ll_j_I 2 u< Jl t j'q>^i — <— J ^>jj_ j ^^>juJ 4 _)lj— il __jjL« <jjj- ! «il ■^ C> J^ ^Jrf"^ LW' _19 

.1971 S jjiJl <jjoJI3 ;Ja 

.2003 Aj^ja-uJl ' l:-i= ' L^jj^' LW' j' J 't5-^ LW tJ" 1 ^ 

2005 ^jjx 

laa a olLk 7rj>*JI | fy^JJ J ^-*^.l^a 4 ftA"^ L)'j^' J^^ ; JjfrLa-ui) f t^iil Jj) jJjS ^)j| _i ^ 

2003 SjAlUl 4 (iluAaJl jb ^J^-a 



.2004 ^JJJJ ' 3:-!=' j^lj-a jb c t_ij*Jl jLoJ ; ^jj^I JUa J<iaAi) jji jj-Ial« (^j) 



■16 



223 



3ffl§trj3tta 



1999^jjbH'l:J- 

1994 '— >JJ^ ' J^jl jb 4 L-JjaJl (jjuta> laa a 

1973 ^jjx 

"2003 

.1995 ^JJ£ 'l:-^ 3 ' AjaLJI l_u£]| jb 4 (g,>g oil l—Jlc. 

jb t (Jjic- j ~n* uj laa a J^lA ^-jl (JhjSaJ t (jIajV, | 1 ■ la ui \ £)• aaJl £)J Jj»aJ j£j Jj| w a ^j;^ ^ 

.1990 a^'m^ 1 

1; Ja cAj^JaJl ' _u£jl jb t j^-ajuii ^ La Jl AJC (Jj^aJ cajjjjl <JjV,j ! T1 

. 1985 ^jj*> 

ij*^ a laa a ; ^J^ ■ aJ C^plx-aJl alt ^ Jl -%■<-- VI (JjVj ■ jAlUl .llC- j£j Jj| /jJlAjaJl 04 

1960 SjAUjI ' (jJc- I<^i 4 » ; a a t 6 ! -*» ' L^aj -^J^J ^"^ " ! (J3^*J ' (j jajliuul 

<* y& a t AjjjiKjl ^jp- ijjgl ^-^Vl j ^jijoiiill j£i!l ,^-i ajjui^'l 4c_jjojj^s ; J_iaa T^ a II ^.r 

2000^jj^'l:-!='uUJ 

.2000 SjaISII 
_1999SjaU3i 45;Ja4 a!^l jIj t jjLudijJl ^ (JjjLoi'vI : Jji-ui ^ja "27 

.1999 CJjjjj cl;Ja cAA^kll </Klt jb i (.mil £jjlL> ; Jj^I jai ^jlj^l "^8 

cjjjaj cj^l jb 4 jijSlI ^jlc ^ jU jJl :^jj^) jJj ^^iSjJil "2" 

1 ;Ja 'liJ! 'SJ^"*^' t-JJ^jl jb C(jjALui a^LuJl dJC. ^"^ a (jj^^J iJjjUJl «J^J J (JJjliJV,! ~ 

.1995 jUJ 

S^)Alij| '3i^ " °~«- ■ ^> "'I jb C^)xlc ^jjol^a laa a 



224 



3ffl§trj3tta 

.1992 ^jj# 'J^l jb tjjb ^i oioj : Jjb jj! :<£jjVl «£«*2«SM lw ^Luiui -32 

1973 cjjjjj 4 AjalUJI ajjUI 4 jijill *jk ^i jIsjV 1 : l«^I J^> <^kH*^ "^ 

1994 AjJjxjoJI 4 1 ;Ja '(jlic. (jjl jb 4 Jjg uLn 
(Cjl gJl .1JC (j_J a 11 m ; (J jSaJ t J . ^.V.VI ; o,r 

.1997 Aj^j«j^I 'l;Ja 4 jlic jjl jb 

1997 t — >JJ£ ' ^-3^>»-*j1 jb 4 ^ U1JR. ' -UC. J j^Jc 

.1997 '3:-^ 4<aj*^]l jb 4 ^jaJsW i imjj AAikljx 4 jj.^31 «a ; <Jp £H X4S-4 ^LSjAll -: > 7 

4_Laia.ll i *\<.\\ jb 4 (jlj-.ll <_jjj^ (^ (jb^l £-*b». ; J—£J^ £)i *"* * jSt^ Jj) (_JJjJa_l _oo 

.1997 ^jj* '3 :J» 



.1988 ^jj^? ' J^JI jb '^j^ll u'j^' -^^ o^j^l f-y^l ;J)ja -ua^ ^2L_l jjc 



. 4 : ila^Jl 4 1985 ^jj£.' 11:-^ 'cijj^l jb 4 jljSlI <J_}Ui ^ ; i^ui c-Jai. 
1 ; ik^aJl 41996 ^jj£. '25:-^ 'cijj^ jb 4 jijJill j!Ui ^ : j^ui c-Jaii 

2000 cjbJ 4 1 ;Ja 4 (jbJ 4 i& a 4 l& jjjajj Ajc.^b!l Cjl___lla. .auajl ay a ; la^.) ujllxa 



-39 



.2000 ^jj* 

.1998 ^jj* 4_L*jll 
1966 o^j^ ''^jS^jjuI ' _u£]l jb A^.ji. 

1 i-^ 3 4^^! jb; j£Luo ^j"^ a ; (jjjiaJ 4 Ac.!ibSl ^jlc. ^k r\ ■ u j^^ ; i-ijla^t ^LjjA^I _^^ 

.1991 s^ 



-45 
-46 

-47 



225 



.1998 <>=bjH 'l:-k ^-ajl*^l Aiiix c JjJ*il <_iIj£1I J\ ^c ^ Jj^jII jj=~^ :<^ Jljjil Jjc ^jaIjj) -1 

.2000 SjAlill 4 1 : Ja caj^JI i-jtSSlI jb t^jSUfill cjISUjoJI j ^till : iil Jjc ^Ijj) -2 

j.L-^nJl jj.il) c2:-^ 'uO*^ ^yilSill j^j- 4 ^ ' Jjj^' ^bjljl j S^ljSlI cjblKui) jj^La j*^J JjJ jj! -3 

.1992 

.2002 ^j-ndvi c^lijll jb tj^jjjtJl jjuoill <J plljVi :Jj«-u" jji 5-»5Lui jja-ui jjj -4 



_CJJ tSjAlill c.L J '^;j' a^ll jl-N.*tVI \SJ&a cAjjilll Clilj>,-iVI ;ajA)jj| Q^\ -5 

.2000 ^jj£ ' 1 :-!= ^^Vl s-u*^ j' j 'uL£N l^ t> j^' fjs^ 4 '.(j^j* Ca • 1 * a -* t^ WW -6 

cJa J t(jjjjill pIjA j 4jj£-a t^JV-ill J ^ ijilt (j;AJ 4J&lxll (_i AjlnlaJ Ajjil CllLulljJ J^)*^ JflLul ^Jjaall -7 

SjaIIII cl;Ja i jail I jb cAja Sjjljll JUibU A^hb 4-ujIjJ 'ftjjall jljall (J t>jll r^JJ^t -^ <|j£j -8 

.1997 

.1994 jJ'j?Jl '1:-^ "-a^2i.VI cjIjjuiu cAjjjjaill AjjUajuJl J] Ji.Ax :Jja-ui JljiJj -9 

AjjS-all ttluiaJt (Cjiill CllaJl dlbjlaj j ct_)jxll AJC (Cji-lll jAiill J4J JaJ jl I 'LlaA I ; ab.ua, ^jLuU^jll -10 

.1994SjAlill cAjalSlI 

.1998 ^biajill jIaII c4:-^ 'uO*^ tS£& j^j- 4 ^ tj-oill - ja a « ;.iat». ji^j JjJjj -11 

.1990 J^'j?^ '3;-^ '4-ila.jll <* ii£ a t^Ljjl ■ u ^ Clip's uLa Jja. jlja. ;^)UP*mj Jjjlui ^Jajjl) -12 

.1998 cjjjjj «l:Ja c^jkll A^jxll jU i^LuuVI tJllj-iVI o^ 1 (^ j ub^ 1 lybto ±& ^UulsJ! -13 

.1998 (JJJJJ 'l:Ja '<J& Aaa.a jb tjjmfill L_Jj£ <J Ailll bLjaS r^J^J) ^J^UaaJl -14 

jjI jaJl Ajalalll pbVI 4-Mj 'ujJl Ait (.jjLaiVl jj^ilSl j <-J.iVl j^»J^I <J CJblja :juaa,^l <«XAa. _15 

.2002 

.1998 SjaUII i3;Ja 4 <_i&ll Jlc tUUfa jUU*-« Ajjj*1I aaIII ^Uj^Luia, -16 

jj jb ifjjall jljall ^ ^jlll j c^jx-all jIacVI '(•Jjall jljlll ^ jjlll j f.jx±l\ :jjjj^)i4a, -17 

.1999 'bj-^ajqiyi cAjx-abJl jUl t^jiill (JjjjaII (J i_ilaJl SjALli ;^L»1ui jAUa sJj^a, -18 



231 



.2001 ^J^' cAija-all al\c- cAjjjc. 4jJ£J 4j^>JaJ jaj SjxLi]l bl^^l ;JjJ*J| AjC- sJj^A -19 

.2001 ^yj^l c^ij*Jl fJlc c Sj*Ul LjljJl :Jj>3) Jjc Sj>4a -20 

,1991 t_jjiJl cliJa i^jJl ^aUSlI j£>»ll iulLiJ! fUuaiil Jj Ji^ co-^ 1 CjULaJ ; i«^ ^UaiJ! -21 

.1997 u^ <o*j^I j'J '^yj^Vl :^UI J^ -22 

.1984 cjjj£]I tl:Jat C 3lilliiSS- t(|? j»jll jUcVI :<^ ^\M jjc ^j1) -23 

.1997 SjaISII tl;Ja < jail I jb t(5j^A wL>^ uj^' ^W 3 l?^ (jjjjo^JI ojc. Ac.!ibll :^j)j t-ijJ -24 

.Ljjjjoj tl—ll guilt jb da. J IftlJ^I jlljill (J Aj.la. /^JIacI I '^ui's is J2kJtJl ^UJC- ^-ftlijJl -25 

. 1 993 *\ ' U J.'^ jl.il! 4 1 ;Ja 4(_^J jaJl J^jaII tl i aj JajiLal! Aj jj^J LaJS '*'•*■; ( j— ll! grjm'i ; jA jSH JUJ -26 

.1992 ^jjjjj '1:-^ '(3^ J j ,J 'l?^ 1 -^ Ji>^ ^ "J 3 ' j 'ulsj^ 1 jW^! :<£•*$-» c^ 6j%J -27 

.1987 Sjj^<..<vfi t_ijUJi sLuiia itijj^Jl ^j*!! j*j^1I 4*1 <J ajjjLiVi t^bbl! ^k-x- ^jjuJ! -28 

jb i^JJ^I (jljill J^ t> L^iaUji J Jxill L_£ja11 AdJOlUilVl >-aU*Jl ICfcH*'^ Jj*-uil! Jji ^JLuJl -29 

.1991 SjAlSlI c4j*xbJl 4ij*Jt 

t jj^jjl j AjjjliJ dllcjflajall 4£jui Ct_)Ull <^L J°»^' 4jjil 4-luIjJ a-« ijijSlI j t_ilj£jl ; ^"^ * jjj^uu -30 

Ijjjjlu lJ [-la 

.1981 4jjj*1I AjJa^jll jb t4jJjU AjojIjJ CfJJ^ll jijSll <J > iL*ll 4£^ ;Cji& ^jlijj-udl -31 

dljjAJ cl;Ja C^Jjill AjjS-o ijijSlI (J-a^. 4-sljc- ^W-'' "0"*^ 3 d * -32 

.1999 J"*™ '1 |ia cpUJjVI 4i&x cAjaUjoJl ajAljJa j -Jijj^all jalUll :£)*"* JaI^) JjP TEjJtl) -33 

.2001 (jji-aJ tj^ill jb t jji»iili i . m< <_J AjjaiJl dilj^V :J-»Ai u^ ft j^Lalt -34 

.1998 SjaISII '^j*Jl j^ill jb ^Tjlll A&^bll ^ cjLilJVI vj^l :<>-* J^ 3 -35 

.1999 cjjj^ c2:i c^Ul jb tJUl ajjJ^j : ^j» ^-a^ljkll -36 

(jLaaJj] 'l;Ja cA^UJl Ajj.^rtll a£jj^]I 'ftjjUl jljill <J ^? J Vl Sjjj^alt :cy^' r^^ 4»lj2il ^p -37 

.1995 sj^l 



232 



r|2Em i#SiB£3t rj316a 

.1970 ^JJ£ '*SJO*^ ** i u 3 jJl jb c^jiUl <jjij.iil ^ sjji j Jla Jl ; laa « cSjAJ J^4^t -^ -38 

.1999 J' ^" tAja abJl 4ij*_<iJI jb c<Ljj*J| j^i ^k Jjj^jJI Jjt,-il £y» 'TjIaa £)LaAjJ) .lit -39 

.1988 j3l>ll '2:-!= « ^W^l jb . jljlll <»>> ^ cjUIjj :j ^i jj>J! jjp -40 

.1995 lA^ '1:-^ ' j 1 y^."<" <Sy;<„ ^jLiVi j4c.I>bil jAa*^ iJkJl jjc -41 

.1993 SjAlill 'l;Ja cl-sjUJI jb c^aJI jjj^UI ^AjbaJl j*£ ^k i_ijLiVl eLb : -42 

1 ;Ja c^jSiJI biiljj j tAlpaJl Ajjjill (_iAli-aJl ijii ^'"'^1 diUjUaa. j j-^'^l S^ljjj ;<jdtiLp <<,v * A^l^l Ait -43 

.1996uUJc^jJl jSill jb 

.1983 ^jj^? <3:-k 'jijj^ 1 j 1 ^ ' j*^ 1 f»j^ :j^> jj^at .44 

.2001 SjAUII cl:-la Cjjjjjill *ljA j 4jj£x 4 ^e jail I (JJJJ^JI ^ Aj-la. aLajl ij-ajJl j2»J jAA^I/yijifr -45 

.1999 f 1 1 U J.'^ jbJl C(jjjjd]l bljjaj clgjblA«j j bJjj^al 'Ajjja-Sl Ac.!ibll ; U-t rt t5j-»xJ) -46 

.1996 SjaIIJI ii— iIj^JI ^lii^al t^jLiVl '"^^ cjUUjI :c5jlui .!*»-« jLp -47 

.1990 tSiLo ct_ij*Jl e_jUS]1 jUjI ttjjLiVl ^ ^VUL. :jil» <^ib*J! -48 

.1993 ajj^-ujVI c^jjU-Jl sLuJia ctiiiljj j aj t .nl Trt ^jLiiVl '"'^.'^ ;Jjfr flAj Ait -49 

.1998 o^bjll '^-abull ^jouoijx tftjUlll j JjjUJI j AjjjLiiVl :c>*^ 4-Jljc- -50 

.1995 CJjjjj cl;.L tAjxLill jb ct_iji!l ,>pUi ; AAa^^lJxJl -51 

. jjl jaJl t(— ilg urn a£jjjJ cjijlll ^i diljjaj ; -52 

.1999 CJjjjj cl ;Ja c4ij*Jl jb i jjjJI L-ib^Jl Sj!^ ^liJ ^i jjjjjJI ;( iulaiil Jjfr £bljJ Jri^ -53 

.1992 cjjj£]I c^ij*Jl ^llc 4j-ajJl fie j t_iLkkJl k^ :^5La J^afl -54 

.2000 >-a- tliJat^bi jb t^juoill ^illl ^ iifS^ p*\ji\ ^Sill -55 

1 ;Ja t jijill j»jJC- 4-uuojj^s c^-jjaJl jjuuill JAJ ^ ^jaaJI ^jiuiVl aLaJ^l ;Qj' n<> CJ^"^ ^ -ul ^ -56 

.1992 jW^ 

.1999 SjAlIll cl;-la C(_3jjjud]l jb t»jU.tl jljSlI *_« (jUlxjJ ' *°j^ ;' LuijJ ^jLiajAi) -57 



233 



r|2Em i#SiB£3t rj316a 

.1981 ^JJ^ 'SWJ* - ^ ^jJa^iJl jb 'jjJjI Sjjjoi (Jm diLuua [An-* n J^LS -58 

.1993 ^->JJ£ \'M tt— iLfciiljoii Aja-abJl 4juuj)j^Jt ijJJflajJl j JAlalill JJJ 4-lV-^l f^- '.&*1 ±*^ Lfc^J^ "59 

ajAlUl t(_3__)judil *ljA j <* iiS a ( SjUaUl 4 hul'ull '.(J& P"J^ JIaS -60 

.2002 ^j^^V 1 '1:^ 

.1999 o^j^ 'jjS^SII » "-^ ojl cjjuliij AjiLjJl a£^jujjI cAkjjj (jjl jxjj^s ; -63 

.1996 fi\>>*\\\\ JA\ (.2:^ <^ilj£ll j£>^l ^L-a ^Ia jj ajJ& s*lja c^^VI j£ill :&jSji .i*^ -64 

.1985 ^jj£ t^nj*^ <j^i]l jb cAj^iaJl Aij*^]l AjjJaJ :jJli^) Jjfr jAt« <J£ u-t * -65 

.1994 SjAlIll '2;-^ c<Lia£J]l <* iSS « t^^jlj-Laii]! (jjjiiJl ale. ;<-jlA^I AjC- J^LS Xa^-a -66 

.1981 (3^^ '7:-^ 'j^ill jb '^jj*-^ j ojl i ^ j 4*111 <aa :^2jLxa u-t * -67 

. 1 995 * jAlSll ' 1 ;Ja tL-U^ll ^llc CtijJOiJl 4*lll ^lc ^ Cjl j^La^a ; J-»fr AaAi jUa-a -68 

jjlj^Jl 4_«jA jb C(jLia.^>jl aj^ajuil t_i£^« ^gjlj^jm Jjlaj c^pijlll t—iUakJl aUaJ ;Jlll all AjC- (jiljj^ -69 

.2001 

( j *hU CjIajjC. A^a*XiX^\ 2 a .Jail ^J) AjjUjJl 2a.»Ult ^ 4-Lib^ll Acjjuj^aII ;£)L«Ajll Aifr U^ rt l^J- 8 -70 

.2000 ^jjx 

.1982 ^JJ^ ii - J JJ£ ^* ^"> ''SWJ*-^ ^-C-^bll <iuiia ^ji i-<lj. aLa a i/j^ (« "^ tjjjj"* "71 

.1982 o^jj '2:-^ *t_iljSii 4jjj*1I jl^ll k-jjLiVI j ajjjI^VI :^5LuJI jjc. ^Aul«JI -72 

.1982 o^i 3 '2:J» t«-jl3Sll 4jjj*1I jUI <4jjj*1I » jUaaJI ^a ^Loill! j^l ; -73 

.1997 (3*^*^ cajSjI jl^ c^^-cjjJajAjl jAuiiiJl ^ ' { "'^i - '-' ; at*'-*"- » L " * -74 

.2004 SjAtall cl;Ja tL-u^]l ^Jlc t^jLailll jUl ^i :jJ>SI JjC Ja-ui ^ji-a^ -75 

. 1 999 f'.'^ai j) Jl j 1 ;Ja c^ jjl ^1211 j£jj| c^Ux ^UJl ; A»a-« ^UL> -76 

.1996 f'-^' jlJl cl:-L '^j^ 1 ^ l ^ 1 >j^' ' ^-£&^l j AjLJall : -77 

.1990 L-ijiJl ilOa cJUjjj jb tc> aj]l ajI^Ujj : -78 

.1990 t_j>Jl cJILjj jb tiiJa t jUJl Jj^o : -79 

.1996 ilL-aVl 3^> '^jSlI cJS=Jl ^ ^^°"' tSljjiSJl :^Lui ^Aaii Jjc ^»jL» -80 



234 



.1995 ^jj^I 

jb C^^^l ^JUl ^ (^aUI g^LaJl l_sL£&l j pial^l Lf J^-a •!>& Cj^Jl jjAli« i^tui <^Jfr jLuuJl -82 

.1984 ^JJ^ 'SWJ* - ^ 4jJagj]l 

.1993 f'.-^i jhll c2:^ '^j^ 1 c?^ 1 J£>^ 'lPLsJ 1 v>Lkk]l J^ :Jj*- &M* -83 
.1992 o^j 2 '^^^ ^jjj*^ j'-^l 'Ajjsj^I j jxj^JI :^ilai a*^-« ^^luijJI -84 



235 



rjStift u3£3t rj310a 

.2000 (jjj^J J^l j' J 'JJA^ jj^all jjc ; jj cAjjIjSJI SjAllall ;tiULa <-jJ £)j| -1 

jhJl t2:-2a tj j^ ' ^r . jjLs> ; jj cj^ja ^gJj (jjojljljjj ^^iJ j-a AjjJjJI j^-a-c ; JjjjjS dijj) -2 

.1986 *l^l 

2|ia c^—JjxJl ^-ILiill j£j-a]l t?t]l >^i ajjJlA ; jj" c^^^iLujVI ^ja-ll j£AJI Ajajjtj ;hlA LJJ^j' "3 

.1996 f i.u»n jMi 

(jjoji&J jjj-ll ' *°j '" ; jj tj »,-iljj]l ^^ JJ.ls» - 1& 'f»>J' A-jJjIjj]! ; J^Lui^a <iIL^ 4 Jj^JJ £)' -4 

.2003 jJ-^J 'l;-* 3 '4-a^Jjij AjJjsJl <LaJalajl < *tl JJJaul ^"^ a 

^g-jjsjl ^giL^LlI j£ja!I t jIjj> (j-J \i* m ; jj c4_j£j£ijjl j AjjIj^uh 'I jjj (JjjIjjI ; jjjj.«) j£jI -5 

.2000*^1 jl^l«l:J» 

.2000 t_Jji-«Jl cjjiid]! bljjij t(JjJ3 jjUJl JJC ; JJ cjLuJl j j-aiJl |£li liLI-l -6 

SjALSjI jIj C(_Cj_l=kJ j'" a 'ijt LU ; j_J tCjl L«abug "i-N-VI (ji.|j_l« (_)^.J_x t(J*aJ II a-Sc. ; -7 

.2000 j— a^'^^il 

SjALSII l;Ja ti_i&]| JLc. i jLui^ aLaj ; jj celj^V' j t_iUakJl j (j-oill ;CJjjjj -iJIjA JJ tfiJ -8 

.1998 

CJjjJJ (Jj J da.CJ '(jljJjl jlj i^l-SLa. jJ-«l -1*^.1 ; jj llgjji-a j^a jjoxjaJl p jlL ;Jjj2 „ *'**;* -9 

.1993 SjAlSll O;-^ 3 "— SjLx-all jlj IjjJjjJ JittjJ ; JJ t jxjgjl Ail £UJ ;£U^ ^jjjS -10 

.1960 (Jjj^-aJ cj£iJl jIj cjIj^. aj-alc. laa a t_sjjxj 'JjJjl ajjui Jiu^J \ j Js>*$\ Jj) ^JjJj-aJl -1 1 

jjuj ill j t_jl_ujljjij 4 ax ^ -N.il 4 in mj^jl 4^_Sjj J-ui_j ; j_j t AjjjLluVI ; £JJ-J> ^ »*»tj ' -12 

.1999^^ 

CllljjjjLLa t tiLlLa j-J JJ-kij ; JJ clA-lcljii J LgJj-k^al cAjjUxJjoJI ;... AjJL (_gjJ iAjfljjl Jj<ULLa -13 



236 



rj2Hi i#SiB£3t rpHSa 

1- A.Fuchs, C.Reeb: Logique, office des publications universitaire, Alger 

2- ADAM J. Michel : Elements de linguistique textuelle, theorie et pratique de 1' analyse- Mardaga. 

3- ADAM J. Michel : Linguistique textuelle des genres de discours aux textes, Nathan- Paris 2004. 

4- BERQUE Jacque : Relire le coran, Ed ALBIN Michel, Paris 1993. 

5- COURTES Joseph : Introduction a la semiotique narrative et discursive, Hachette Paris 1976. 

6- DUBOIS Jean : Dictionnaire de linguistique, Ed Larouse, Bordas l er ed, Canada 1994. 

7- Encyclopedique : Hachette, France, spadem, 1997, P 901. 

8- FRANCOIS Jean, DILLOU Jean : l'analyse textuelle DIMAND colin, Paris 1997. 

9- Le petit Robert : Dictionnaire de la langue francaise - France 1998. 

10- RIFFATERE Michel : Essai de stylistique structurale, tr Daniel Delas, Flammarios France 1971 

11- TZVETAN, TODOROS : Poetique de la prose, seuil - Paris 1971. 



237 



0©l03tr3K8a 



jj|J=Jl 4 1 1 ; p_ 4 t_uVl J 4*11 1 <V« ' <J^ ^ J ^^ ^ : ^ J ^ *& 'AiJjJ -1 

1997 
.1998 ^ vj^I 

1 £ jjUj 59 4ia all 4 1 999 cjbVI AjK ^kx i^jjljill j 

jjljaJl c5:p_ "v^Vl j 4*11 1 <V« 4 jiljSll j jLoilll jjj hy\ :Jjx1) i4a-» 5_«jjj _4 

.1994 

14:p_ 4t_ibVI ajK <L^« 4^-iiJl <jjj*il iull ^ (JUjJl jjft^ :4jb ^jiui .5 

JjVl^kJl 1971-1970 

1 ; p_ ^lill ^Lc A^ 4 <jill JU^ (J (JpU-Vl j JUaJl jjj 4£A*ll ; ^L2a-»j fUual) .5 

. 1 998 juijm 4 cjjj^I 4 27 ^->^ 

81-80:P_ 4jx-aUjl <Jj*ll j£ill 4<ijJi]l j (jJalalb Jjuujll AjSj!Ac :^^-» <&) J*^fl _7 

.1 990 jf>&' — j j A u " 

AJa^a 4 l_lbVI 4jK (JjljjjuJla 4 (JjJajll j -»■''" Ajjjaj ,j *^P^- (J^l ! -i-a^i J$ji»Jl _g 

.1993 Jabjll 4 4jJj*ll j!%!l jb 4 CjLJjJ j tLjaJ 

.1 996: jj'j^ 1 '8:p_ 'v-^ 1 j4*Hl ^V* 'u-ajJ' j»j^> j a^&II :iiilUl) jjc jitij* .9 

.1996djVl^h*i<1:£ 



238 



01- CD ROM 

jjuax i j^>J Lj^l^ A£^jjJu caJ^)£jl ^jljsl] 4_LaLudi I A^.jjjijjtA\ 

02- Cv de Jean-Michel Adam. htm 

03- VCD: 

j3l>ll 

04- www.55a.net fjj*H ub^ 1 ls* cs-^ 1 jW^V 1 a^j^j* 

05- www.arches.ro/revue/n04/-comment peut etre lecteur ? 

06- WWW.crdp.Montpellier.Fr-Laboratoire de Linguistique textuelle 

07- www.lalic.Paris4.Sorbonne.fr- La segmentation des textes- Par 
L'etude de la ponctuation 

08- www.Yatayba.com <^J*^I '^-j j 'cP'^-^ 1 <jM-^ ^ <i^aU]| 



239 



.1999-1998 J^3^ ^*-*l? ( Jj" L "7-^ "" a J g ili (Jjjl Ja jJai^a tA-aJjj IjtII Jau ejljjjj 

aJj£ll (jljSlI ^ji ^J^J ,_£ji]]l ajfrLall 'AUtll A^a-a 4-aJJJ -2 

-1993-1992 j^j=^ A*^U. ^aJjj oIjj&j si^S Jjil UjU-i „ tt _ji_J| ^ ^i^. : Uil^j 



.(jljmll ^ 4jj^j]l ^la-ail jjjit'i ^ l&jjl j " 'aSjll SjAUa i Jj^Jt AJJ ^J_>^ -3 



240 



2£H3/tt 



^ — i 4-»ji« 

1 J^ 

13 <^Jtl\ cjtu.lj.il) ^S fb-uift) : JjSM ljLJI 

15 "dilJ flli" jfe fl^yuitf } 4jjlaJ jjl£ : JjSM J^oU) 

16 fUuaul j-oill ..." 4jb jli" 

17 "4jb jli" UIjaI (> -1 

18 l-lkaJl Jjkj Cjbjl^ -2 

20 iA>^ Ji^P 1 c^jl^Ll-2 

21 ^qUojmJI JU^\ ^jiuJl -2-2 

22 bL^ll j^J^jll^j^i- 1-2-2 

24 iuljjll g-ljil -2-2-2 

26 (.Iju^VI -3-2-2 

27 ^^^ill (^jjSJI cjUiJl -4-2-2 

29 Jjl^l LSi^-Jl -3-2 

30 jUJl j u^ill -1-3-2 

31 (jSIjjVI ^^1 jUJI -1-1-3-2 

36 ^WVI JLuJI -2-1-3-2 

37 AjjUtljJl j aJYjJI Jc jjj -3 

39 (-IkaJb ajKII jUiVl *£*=■ -4 

4 1 A^ji%il! 4-u.jAJ! j ^Sjj-! jl*Al 4-u.j^I 0* *#J*Jt 4j**« JJ^S : ^| Jyail) 

42 AjfLjj^iljlaJVI 4_luj.L&jI ■Ij^- (j-a 

43 ig ^j^a^ll JajljjJl "AJlj^.jj /ffj dsjjjj" 

45 JLu^all) jjUx -1 

45 iojll - 1 - 1 

45 (.L^V I -2- 1 

46 i-Sll-3-i 

46 J jjSII -4- 1 

46 U&jA\ Alt j -5-1 

46 j^LSlI -6- 1 

46 ^u^y I -7- 1 



2£H3/tt 

47 l^J\ -M Jill -2 

48 aLjIJI -I -2 

50 c^j^l Jajl Jill -3 

52 Sjnaill S^liill -4 

52 (j'j^l) -^ SjIcJ -1-4 

52 aj^21I-2-4 

53 (jjUjUSlI ^kuiljj aJUVI jU2I-3-4 

54 jjSlo jjiJ aJUVI -4-4 

54 eJ^Jl-5-4 

55 J-ijll-6-4 

55 f*?^ (3^"-^j - 

55 jsy^'-^j - 

55 tdlj^oiVlijj - 

55 ^jijJl JaJj " 

57 dllc.jjjjL<ijl j jla^\ -5 

58 (J-^ill ?b- J tg aAULill (Cjijill p jJjjLail -6 

59 Ajjji^jiJl 4.UJJ.L&1I ij^ai 

60 J-ill J fUuauVI ... "fbi jLiL. jja." 

62 IjLiSlI jjj 1£*m1\ -1 

64 , « i aill -jJi2l| .MUU. _9 

66 Wl oh J-i jll y* ^Vl jj^ - 1 -2 

68 aJV^I LjL^ll -2-2 

68 £jL£ll-3-2 

69 Sjj.iil-4-2 

70 ,yl2ll AjLaLdl ajjJI -5-2 

72 J no'll ^jjL^IjJI A^jil -6-2 

73 4-b ai AjjL»c.I^)j (j^.1 (j^i -3 

73 iLii J\ . i -3 

74 ^I^ojVI-2-3 



2£H3/tt 

74 jUJl j j-ajJl -4 

76 Aj^tutft AjjjxJ) CJtu.tj.il! ^i ^U-uuV! ; v j131I ljU! 

78 ^TJUI LjQaiJ) ^S fb-uitt) £bj ^j jU^V 1 ^-b J 6- :d#t J- 3 ^ 

82 4.1a. j^s AJJ^3 <Lsjlai« JJa ^J jL^C-Vl -1 

84 ^jUl jljSJl jUej (J jj<«"^ Sbiqilill j AjjiiJl (JjujjVI -2 

84 ^jjISII *W3VI -1-2 

84 ts SI a jJl j (^ixiill S U2VI -2-2 

86 J^V 1 °J*J -3 

86 o-sll £jLk jl^VI -1-3 

86 Ai^b jU^VI -1-1-3 

87 jrffoL jU^VI -2-1-3 

87 o-ill Jib j^yi -2-3 

88 ^clLVI jl^VI -1-2-3 

89 ,5-^ J^V 1 -2-2-3 

92 ^ jaJll jUoVI -3-2-3 

93 ^jj^W ji^yi .4.2-3 

94 J^A\ jl^VI -5-2-3 

94 ^^\ jUoVI -6-2-3 

95 JjsjsII ^j2 -1-6-2-3 

97 Sj^Jl j ajVI jjj AfJ-Lall -2-6-2-3 

98 JS1\ jUoVI -3-3 

99 ^U-ulSV) iyiljj j j«j]| ^» ^i Aj^tutf 1 ^Jj*J) Jjfa^l :^liJI J-a^t 

101 AjSIj^I SjJaU! -1-1 

i o i Ssr ouyi ^ j*ji (iji jsii L>a iL^, t> -l -l 

102 LK"N 4j]jflnill SjJiill j Ajjj^ill aji^ll jjj -2-1 

103 ^jilJl iljlll -2 -I 

103 Ij&aLil Sjfcsll -1-2- 

103 ^UunVI (jc iliaJl 3jhj .. AjjjS jjl -1-1-2- 

105 aJ^I SjJiiSl .. ^jSIJI -2-1-2- 

107 ^jj^l SjJijll ... (Cjiill ilaljlll -2-2- 



2£H3/tt 
107 tji^l .. ^Wj^l -1-2-2 

111 J- 1 *'" (_£jlul«s ... ^-A.1 Uj'a'll ajLv IjCjSjJl Cllljj]l -3-1 

1 1 5 JjjhJi j ^u^i . . . ^LM it jilt -4-i 

115 Jjjlsll AjLt j Jjlull JUJI .. ^Uill -1-4 

117 ^LsuuuVl J} JV-iiuVI i>..iijujl -2-4 

120 (jlj^jl i*.^ J Jj '"'*' c^ 1 u*^- <j-* (j-^l c^ 1 '. lt\^ i^jIjojI -5-1 

120 ub^ pjk J o^ <h - 1 " 5 

120 (Jjkiiiall akl JJ^iJjll ..^jiJl j t^jjll -1-1-5 

123 j^l s^ -2-5 

125 J^l j^jll ... ^Ul -1-2-5 

127 jj-ll j ^LYI sM" ... ^^1 -2-2-5 

129 AljJaJ) Sjfctfl -I I 

129 ^ -L aill CjUIjjJI -l-II 

130 jWSJl t_i& -2-1 1 

130 ^liuijJl p^jYI j 4jcj,^jx]I Ajjjliall ; ' -lLS ijin -1-2 

132 <jjIj^I Sis-jll :t _5ja. auuj -2-2 

135 "jj^l "Sj>- ^i $^*H\ :AjLjkU! cjlu.lj.il! : «*dl31l ljUI 

137 Ljj^fU^) : JjV) J-ail! 

141 bjj^ ^U^N! -1 

141 4j^jUJ| 5-ui^J| j ^LSlI -l-l 

143 ^j^JI-LUijVl -2-1 

144 %jyA\ (J Aikalll AxJ-Lail -1-2-1 

149 Sj^Jl £lLl jALk. -2-2-1 

149 jjMW^V 1 -1-2-2-1 

150 Vj Uilb g-lLVI -2-2-2-1 

151 ttjaJbg-lLYI -3-2-2-1 

1 52 t^^iUll U , ^ ajjL^ I jJl Sijiijll -3-2- 1 

154 C5 ^*Jli.UijVI -3-1 



2£H3/tt 

155 _ .. ... ... Jk^\ ,y^J\ UsiJ^\ -1-3-1 

156 if ^*^\ ibSjV) j jljfill s>Ui -1-1-3-1 

1 5 8 ^5^*^' J-W3 jVI gi o jj^ j u^> -2- 1-3-1 

159 ^Kll ^^*Jl J.UijVI -2-3-1 

159 ^1 a^VI -1-2-3-1 

1 6 1 ^ jaill J^l jai -4- 1 

162 jjilt Sj>- (^ lMVI t>j -1-4-1 

165 (JiUll J-jljll -2-4-1 

169 a^j21I J^ljjll -3-4-1 

171 "jjai" Sj>- ^4 g3h3u^) ^wjii ^b-uu^i : ^aaii j^i 

172 ^TjSlI e-jLkkJl <>^ " jjill" »J3^ -1 

173 l&JxJ LaJ j lg-n2 LaJ " J_jjjl" SjjjoI AauiLLi -2 

175 CJbVI j^^J^ 1 £A£k»\\ -3 

190 SjjjJI ^jAJl AjIJI -4 

193 "jjtii" Sj>- ^4 LjUaaJ) 4Jjb2 j fb—ft) :l *il5]| J-^l 

195 "jJ^ 1 " S JJ^ l^ lP'j^ 1 ti 1 ^ 1 o^ 1 -^ -1 

195 ^i\Ji\ JUJI ^L^i _i_i 

196 ^jll S>Uij ^Stell i>liijl -1-1-1 

197 ^Ui^VI j ,^121) jSljll cjUL*^ jjUj -2-1-1 

1 99 J«il| Jj ^SHl (> .3-1-1 

202 "jj^\" »jj^ ^ sr^J 1 ^ 1 tiU^ 1 -2 

210 " jj^l" -ijjvi ^ Ajiill Sjjx^iJ ^UcljJl oxJl _3 

215 SjjMiilbLJl AjiJl -4 

2 1 8 4_«jliJ! 

222 Jala 

223 CjUlJ II 2u3li 

228 jjL^lJI <^La 

23 1 A-ij^sJI Aillb £±\j*l\ 2Lj15 



2£H3/tt 

236 4-a^.jLajl *Ji.lj^ijl 4-ajta 

237 ^ni^Vl AiiL t?.lj-ll ^15 

238 CJ^A^Jl 4^13 

239 a^jjj^VI £».ljJl ^Ujli 

240 JjU jll ^15 

241 ^j^l
Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "رسائل جامعية من جامعة الجزائر"

See other formats
