Sattuna in Kaga parish, Ostergotland, Sweden
Excavations in September 2008 at Raa Kaga 50
Report by Martin Rundkvist, 28 April 2009
With an osteological analysis by Petter Nyberg, lithics classification by Fredrik Molin, wood
anatomy by Ulf Strucke and radiocarbon by Goran Possnert & Maud Soderman
Abstract
In September 2008, 1047 square meters ofploughlandwere stripped just inside the edge of a dense
1st Millennium AD metalwork scatter at Sattuna. 1 74 sunken features were uncovered and investig-
ated. Most proved impossible to interpret functionally. No datable artefacts or structural types of
the 1st Millennium were found, though three radiocarbon dates do fall in this period. Finds are
few, and mostly Late Mesolithic lithics. Radiocarbon further documents activity in that era, as well
as in the Middle/Late Neolithic.
Introduction
On four occasions from April 2006 to April 2008 (each previously reported on separately), I direc-
ted metal detecting in the fields around the Sattuna barrow, for a total of 101 person-hours, mainly
by expert members of the Gothenburg Historical Society. This work secured a collection of 66 dat-
able objects from the 5th through the 17th centuries, many of them finely made, and including rare
evidence for 6th century metalworking. The finds identified the site as the richest of Ostergotland' s
currently known Vendel Period settlements. As is typical for the province, however, intensive metal
detecting failed to unearth any solid gold or silver objects whatsoever, and the oldest coin is a
poorly preserved copper fyrk from 1633.
Seventeen of our finds certainly date from the 5th through the 10th centuries. To any would-
be nighthawk detectorist, I should point out that our figures suggest that you would need to do six
hours of illicit metal detecting around the Sattuna barrow to find one piece of datable 1st Millenni-
um metalwork. The object would almost certainly be a copper-alloy fragment. The calculation also
presupposes that your skill level is considerably above average and that our work on site has not ap-
preciably depleted the finds density in the ploughsoil.
The finds formed a crescent-shaped scatter around the north, east and south sides of the bar-
row. In September 2007, geophysicist Immo Trinks of the National Heritage Board surveyed part of
the find scatter and surrounding area with an experimental motorised magnetometer. He docu-
mented abundant magnetic anomalies under the ploughsoil which indicated dense settlement re-
mains with a high proportion of burnt material, although no house foundations or fence lines could
be made out.
From 15 to 24 September 2008, in collaboration with the County Museum, students from the
University of Chester and local volunteers, I directed the first excavations at the site. The placement
of our trench was constrained by two factors. The County Archaeologist had kindly approved my
application to strip away ploughsoil in the field, but would not allow me to open a small trench in-
side the periphery of the barrow to collect samples for radiocarbon dating. The landowner kindly al-
lowed me to work inside the northern edge of the metalwork scatter, which was under stubble and
delimited by a field track, but not in the scatter's central part, which he sowed with grain during our
time on site.
Our trench came to cover the find-spots of two datable metal-detector finds, both of the 6th
century: a Style I relief brooch and a small equal-armed brooch. The former was found at a spot ap-
proximately between features 107 and 111, two nondescript pits. The latter brooch's find spot was
approximately between features 49 and 57, two other nondescript pits. Both finds were pinpointed
with a hand-held GPS navigator, whose basic margin of error is about 5 meters (but there was an
additional error source in this case as described below).
The trench was located within plain sight of Lake Roxen at a distance of only c. 200 m from
the shore. According to Ola Palmqvist of Tekniska verken (telephone conversation 3 October
2008), in 2007 the lake's surface level varied from 33.07 to 34.06 m relative to the local RH00
benchmark. (RHOO corresponds to the Baltic Sea's mean surface level in 1900.) 2007 was a year
with an unusually high level in the lake, which otherwise often sinks to 32.80 m. The current mean
level, attained around 1832 with the completion of the Gota canal, is c. 1.5 m lower than the previ-
ous level of the lake depicted in abundant early maps. The sloping surface of the natural subsoil in
our trench was at 38-39 m (local RH70), as established for us indirectly by Linkoping Council sur-
veyors who provided triangulation points for our total station. According to Fredrik Molin of
Riksantikvarieambetet (e-mail 1 1 October 2008), RH70=RH00+27 cm in Motala, Ostergotland.
A Problem With Coordinate Systems
During fieldwork, I discovered a problem with the GPS navigator. It is a Garmin GPSmap 60CS
which handles numerous different coordinate systems worldwide. For Sweden, it offers two "posi-
tion formats": RT90 and Rikets ndt. For both, the device indicates RT90 as their "map reference
system". Because of this latter fact, I had assumed that the two position formats gave identical co-
ordinates. On the first day of excavations I realised that I was wrong: there is a 9,2 meter discrep-
ancy at Sattuna. Through e-mail correspondence in October 2008 with the agronomist and surveyor
Niklas Ingvar-Nilsson, I learned the reason for this. The first handheld GPS navigators came
equipped with a slightly faulty geometrical model of the RT90 grid. After a few years, this was cor-
rected. Garmin apparently added the corrected model ("RT90" in the menu) but also left the faulty
one ("Rikets nat") in, possibly for legacy data purposes. And so their devices now come equipped
with a built-in booby trap for anyone who records coordinates in the Swedish national grid.
Unfortunately, I have no written documentation of which system I used in each fieldwork
season on site 2006-2007, only memory. Waypoints stored in my GPS unit document that I used the
faulty RT90 model that Garmin calls Rikets ndt in April 2008. My memory tells me that I used that
model on all sites in 2005 through 2007 as well. This means that the coordinates offered in the find
lists of my metal-detecting reports from Ostergotland are not actually in the canonical RT90 2,5 gon
vast system. But the coordinate points can be corrected one by one using a Garmin GPS unit. The
gravity of this nine-meter problem is somewhat mitigated by the above-mentioned fact that a hand-
held GPS navigator rarely offers a better computed accuracy than 5 meters. The relationship
between this statistically derived assessment of accuracy and the actual accuracy of each measure-
ment is uncertain, but it is widely believed that the actual accuracy is considerably better than the
computed one.
Fieldwork Methods
With the aid of a mechanical excavator, we stripped away 35-40 cm of ploughsoil over a contiguous
area of 1047 square meters. The excavator operator descended 15 cm at a time while we metal-de-
tected the work surface continuously. We did not find anything of archaeological interest at this
time. Nor did we afterwards while investigating the spoil dumps. This was probably due to two
main factors: a) the noise from the excavator made it hard to hear the detector's signal, b) myself
and co-manager Petter Nyberg are not by far as skilled with our metal detectors as the amateurs
from the Gothenburg Historical Society who made most of the ploughsoil finds prior to the excava-
tions.
Over almost the entire trench, the stripping-and-detecting process through the ploughsoil
took us immediately onto the surface of the undisturbed natural, a yellowish gravel-mixed sand.
Cleaning this surface with trowels, we identified 174 sunken features (that is, one feature per six
stripped square meters). We sectioned each feature along its long axis and sieved half of its fill
through a 4 mm mesh. Features were described in writing, and in particularly interesting cases the
section was drawn to scale 1:20 and the second half of its fill dug out and sieved. Finally all features
and the edges of the trench were surveyed with a total station.
Phasing
We did not make any finds that can be unequivocally dated to the 1st Millennium AD. Nor could
we in most cases ascertain the original function of the sunken features. The great majority were
findless little shallow pits with a dark, compact, loamy fill, often containing a few fire-cracked
stones. In only one case did they combine to form any intelligible structure: six of them made an
evenly spaced N-S fence line near the SE corner of the trench.
Finds and radiocarbon dates allow us to identify five phases on-site, two of them corres-
ponding to the dates of the metal detector finds that occasioned the excavations.
1) Late Mesolithic: finds and features with one radiocarbon date.
2) Middle/Late Neolithic: one hearth with a radiocarbon date, no finds.
3) Mid-1 st Millennium AD: a pit and a hearth with two radiocarbon dates, no finds.
4) Viking Period: one posthole with a radiocarbon date, no finds.
5) Modern rubbish pits.
Late Mesolithic
This phase is identified by a radiocarbon date and a collection of lithics, mainly knapped quartz
with some leptite, ultramylonite and basalt, but no pottery and no flint. The only well-defined tool is
a ground-surface asymmetrical basalt adze (F220) with a quasi-rectangular cross-section, found on
the surface of the field during stripping. After separate first-hand study, Stone Age specialists Fre-
drik Molin and Roger Wikell unanimously placed the assemblage in the Late Mesolithic (5500-
4000 cal BC), noting that the adze would look entirely at home among the abundant finds from the
Strandvagen settlement site in Motala (cf Tom Carlsson 2008, Where the River Bends, pp. 232-
245, 374-379). This date is consistent with the level above the sea and the absence of Neolithic pot-
tery. None of the finds can certainly be determined as shore-abraded after knapping.
Most of the Stone Age finds occurred singly in the fills of sunken features that looked no
different than usual. Only pits 124, 128 and 154 yielded more than one piece of knapped stone each,
suggesting that they may have been Stone Age features. Radiocarbon-dating 128 and 154 would
have been problematic as both showed signs of modern disturbance. This left only 124, but it yiel-
ded no charcoal. Hearth 45 however, which contained no other artefacts, yielded charcoal of rotten
oakwood that was dated to 4460-4340 cal BC with 95% probability (Ua-37499, 5560±40 BP).
We found raw material in the form of unmodified quartz seashore pebbles in some features
and collected them when they co-occurred with knapped stone. They are very unlike the typical
gravel mixed in the fills and natural on site. In several cases, very small quartz pebbles have been
used for knapping or simply broken open and then discarded.
In an appendix, Fredrik Molin analyses the lithics and summarises his impressions as fol-
lows (and I translate): "The adze, the signs of micro-blade production, and possibly the use of
leptite and ultramylonite all suggest a Late Mesolithic date. Nothing however excludes an Early
Neolithic date except the absence of pottery.
Most of the quartz cannot be dated. But to my mind it appears too coarsely knapped for the
Early or Middle Mesolithic - and such a date can be ruled out anyway because of shoreline dis-
placement. Quartz knapping [in Ostergotland] becomes progressively coarser and uglier with time."
Middle/Late Neolithic
Feature 123, whose functional interpretation as a hearth was uncertain, yielded hazel charcoal that
was dated to 2460-2270 cal BC at 79% probability (Ua-37500, 3855±35 BP). The interval straddles
the Middle/Late Neolithic period shift at 2350 cal BC. A shore site from this era might be expected
to yield some Late Pitted Ware decorated pottery, of which we found none. Fredrik Svanberg (web
log comment, 20 March 2009) has suggested that the sample may have been contaminated, possibly
combining material from the site's Mesolithic and Iron Age components.
Mid-lst Millennium AD
The Early Vendel Period, the later 6th century, is the site's heyday in terms of the metal detector
finds. We made no datable finds of this era during the excavations. Two sherds of black coarse
svartgods pottery are most parsimoniously allocated to this phase, though they may well be some-
what earlier or later. Pit 170 and hearth 135 yielded one radiocarbon date each, 170 on spruce-trunk
charcoal in 320-440 cal AD (86% probability) and 135 on maple charcoal in 410-550 cal AD (95%
probability). As none of the samples had a confirmed low intrinsic age, and as the site has not yiel-
ded a single piece of metalwork dating before the Migration Period, it seems safe to place the begin-
ning of this activity phase in the 5th century AD. All pits and hearths on site that yielded no dating
evidence are most parsimoniously placed here.
The excavated surface yielded several datable pieces of metalwork from the ploughsoil but
none from the sunken features, and there were no remains of building foundations. This suggests
that in the 6th century, this particular part of the site saw some metalworking carried out in flimsy
structures or outdoors. Any refuse pits and postholes resulting from this activity were apparently
less deep than the modern ploughing.
Viking Period
After an apparent hiatus of a century or more in the Late Vendel Period, there are at least six metal
detector finds that can be dated to the Viking Period, AD 790-1 100. This phase also shows up in a
radiocarbon date from one of the excavation's few postholes, feature 8, where charcoal of rotten
Scots pine was dated to 760-900 cal AD at 81% probability (Ua-37498, 1205±35 BP).
Modern Rubbish Pits
This phase gathers sunken features yielding modern artefacts, well-preserved bone (as soil condi-
tions were very poor for such preservation), dynamited rock and/or a curious fine white sand. For
unknown reasons, the sand had apparently been carted to site and used to fill four pits, two of which
also contained modern finds. The artefact types found in the modern features were iron nails, iron
wire, glass, pottery/china, roof tile, brick, fired clay and fresh wood. Modern activities that these
features document are the burial of waste, the digging of a drainage ditch and the dynamiting of a
few large boulders.
Feature list
Most of the features were very similar. Thus the feature list assumes the following about every fea-
ture and only describes its characteristics where they deviated from the norm.
The standard sunken feature was oval in plan, with a rounded section and a fuzzy boundary
toward the natural, likely because of long-term earthworm action and rain water leaching. Its fill
was grey /brown compact sandy loam with gravel and a few rounded stones, fire-cracked stones and
brittle-burnt crumbly stones.
Hearths formed a smaller group of their own: they were recognised from the blackness of
their fills, often including large pieces of charcoal and a generally much greater proportion of stones
than the standard features.
The depth of the sectioned features ranged from 2 to 50 cm, median 13 cm. Their maximum
surface diameter ranged from 15 to 3 10 cm, median 66 cm. The diameter crosswise to the maxim-
um diameter was, in median, 78% of the maximum diameter.
Feat
no
Type
Artefacts
Charcoal
sample?
Bone?
w
L
D
Spec
1
36
58
16
2
21
33
10
3
Hearth
strucke
>5
2
310
22
3 joined hearths, partly outside trench
4
22
43
2
5
61
70
35
6
49
96
10
7
83
171
31
8
Posthole
strucke
y
52
60
38
Neatly packed with supporting stones
9
Modern
glass, fired clay
y
y
80
87
28
Unusually distinct cut in section
10
Hearth
y
46
80
33
Hearth on top of standard pit w 35 cm stone at
centre
11
31
38
20
12
Hearth?
fired clay
57
109
19
Sooty surface
13
33
96
9
14
11
25
9
15
>3
4
40
?
Partly outside trench, not dug into
16
28
33
15
17
14
22
10
18
Hearth
10
103
27
19
Hearth
>6
5
110
32
Partly outside trench
20
26
38
14
21
22
33
10
22
45
48
23
23
Posthole?
29
36
21
One 30 cm stone
24
Hearth
80
100
13
25
16
36
10
26
55
75
22
27
Hearth
42
71
12
28
20
27
10
29
Unused
-
-
-
30
48
53
12
31
Posthole
31
46
24
Fill mostly stones
32
31
50
23
33
Modern
y
15
1
192
25
3 joined pits
34
42
49
10
35
Hearth
90
114
18
36
32
37
9
37
Hearth?
y
38
50
14
38
35
37
8
39
40
54
9
40
23
24
8
41
13
9
154
8
42
Hearth
53
80
18
43
21
25
8
44
Posthole
37
37
50
Lined with large stones, flat side inward
45
Hearth
y
64
73
17
46
Modern
glass, nail,
brick
y
12
9
140
?
47
y
90
120
21
48
Modern
pot
10
3
107
25
49
fired clay
y
16
2
164
38
50
Modern
pot
y
49
61
13
51
Animal
burrow
Bent off horizontally
52
50
70
11
53
28
29
4
Charcoal pieces
54
Unused
-
-
-
55
Unused
-
-
-
56
Hearth
y
40
50
14
57
58
60
16
58
53
85
6
59
58
75
15
60
20
23
7
61
27
27
10
62
78
139
39
Sooty
63
38
47
15
64
36
38
14
65
54
63
14
Sooty
66
Hearth?
hth
40
65
13
67
38
56
13
Sooty
68
25
30
24
Location unknown
69
18
25
9
70
Modern
pot
y
64
130
5
71
32
32
14
72
y
17
8
188
23
73
53
102
22
74
50
50
12
75
10
190
24
76
64
81
11
77
Modern
y
12
8
151
35
Cow jawbone discarded
78
24
32
6
79
12
55
11
80
Find #160
pot
y
-
-
-
81
Unused
-
-
-
82
Modern
pot
87
125
21
83
hth find #161
92
180
10
84
Modern
pot
y
11
2
134
25
85
Modern
glass, nail, roof
tile
y
90
125
17
Fine white sand, all finds discarded
86
Modern
y
12
130
20
Cow incisor & charcoal discarded
87
Modern
y
12
8
140
31
Charcoal discarded
88
27
41
9
89
26
50
7
90
50
60
10
91
38
131
17
92
Modern
52
73
28
Fine white sand
93
31
48
7
94
Modern
glass
60
80
10
95
54
68
13
96
24
27
9
97
41
70
10
98
72
90
7
99
61
135
12
100
62
86
17
101
36
68
10
102
43
66
12
103
43
57
11
104
35
36
11
105
Unused
-
-
-
106
Modern
-
-
-
Field drain
107
28
37
6
108
56
153
11
109
Posthole?
38
63
23
110
Modern
brick
11
1
158
32
2 fills: fine white sand cupped by dark soil
111
61
77
12
112
63
65
20
113
y
82
160
39
114
Find #162
lith
-
-
-
115
lith
y
11
184
33
Modern wood on surface
116
63
70
16
117
y
?
179
14
118
Unused
-
-
-
119
45
61
14
120
43
104
20
121
49
78
13
122
Hearth
y
67
70
17
123
Hearth?
strucke
13
5
161
12
124
lith
55
81
16
125
60
80
18
126
37
70
10
127
34
43
9
128
lith, iron, fired
clay
10
153
40
All finds in top of fill
129
Unused
-
-
-
130
25
30
8
Sooty
131
lith, fired clay
?
73
22
Partly outside trench
132
54
62
31
133
27
31
12
134
y
37
42
13
135
Hearth
strucke
70
90
36
2 burnt use layers, top one sampled
136
44
51
12
137
35
51
9
138
>5
3
54
15
139
25
48
11
140
30
60
10
141
lith
11
3
152
29
142
Hearth
y
69
81
6
143
lith
95
214
27
144
35
40
5
145
31
40
4
146
14
15
2
147
54
56
20
148
26
48
10
149
61
169
37
150
Hearth
y
y
11
2
135
15
Base heavily burnt
151
65
72
20
152
50
72
16
153
38
48
8
154
lith
y
13
200
22
Cut by field drain
155
Unused
-
-
-
156
Unused
-
-
-
157
Unused
-
-
-
158
10
4
116
26
One very large rock
159
35
42
9
160
51
81
5
161
Hearth
y
70
81
5
On NE part of dark findless layer, 6 m diam
162
40
76
9
163
y
59
65
25
164
36
46
7
In fence line
165
38
74
14
166
33
40
22
In fence line
167
32
38
10
168
65
85
20
169
fired clay
y
10
160
34
1 burnt clay frag discarded
170
strucke
38
54
24
171
34
40
9
In fence line
172
?
43
8
Partly outside trench
173
69
79
23
In fence line
174
Modern
nail, iron wire
61
66
22
Nail and fence wire frags discarded
175
31
37
12
In fence line
176
43
46
7
In fence line
177
17
49
3
178
Modern
Large pit containing dynamited boulder
179
38
41
10
180
22
38
13
181
Modern
Large pit containing dynamited boulder
182
40
56
10
183
Modern
74
79
8
Fine white sand
184
Lopsoil patch
185
11
150
9
186
39
42
12
187
79
97
22
Finds list
Find no
Context RT90
Material
Type
Spec
Weight g
Frags
163
Feat 003
Charcoal
164
Feat 008
Bone/tooth
165
Feat 008
Charcoal
166
Feat 134
Charcoal
167
Feat 009
Bone/tooth
168
Feat 009
Glass
Window
Pale green,
thm
1
1
169
Feat 009
Clay fired
4
8
170
Feat 009
Charcoal
171
Feat 010
Charcoal
172
Feat 012
Clay fired
10
1
173
Feat 033
Bone/tooth
174
Feat 037
Bone/tooth
175
Feat 045
Charcoal
176
Feat 047
Bone/tooth
177
Feat 048
Pottery
Rodgods
22
1
178
Feat 049
Clay fired
1
1
179
Feat 049
Bone/tooth
180
Feat 050
Pottery
Seltzer
9
1
181
Feat 050
Bone/tooth
182
Feat 056
Charcoal
183
Feat 066
Quartz
Knapping debris
High quality
4
1
184
Feat 070
Bone/tooth
185
Feat 070
Pottery
Rodgods
1
1
186
Feat 072
Bone/tooth
187
Feat 077
Bone/tooth
188
Feat 080
Pottery
Svartgods
16
2
160
Feat 080
Bone/tooth
189
Feat 082
Pottery
Seltzer
1
1
161
Feat 083
Leptite
Prob not knapped
5
2
190
Feat 084
Bone/tooth
191
Feat 084
Pottery
Flintgods
1
1
192
Feat 085
Bone/tooth
193
Feat 087
Bone/tooth
194
Feat 094
Glass
Bottle
Green, thick
4
1
195
Feat 110
Brick
3
1
196
Feat 113
Bone/tooth
162
Feat 114
Leptite
Bip core
Shore abrasion
15
1
197
Feat 115
Leptite
Prob not knapped
42
1
198
Feat 115
Bone/tooth
199
Feat 117
Bone/tooth
200
Feat 122
Charcoal
201
Feat 123
Charcoal
202
Feat 124
Quartz + basalt
Ground basalt
flake
14
2
203
Feat 128
Iron
Chain link
204
Feat 128
Clay fired
1
205
Feat 128
Quartz +
leptite
Knapped bip & platform
439
206
Feat 131
Clay fired
1
207
Feat 131
Quartz
Prob not knapped
5
1
208
Feat 135
Charcoal
209
Feat 141
Quartz
Knapped bip
12
1
210
Feat 142
Charcoal
211
Feat 143
Quartz
Prob not knapped
12
1
212
Feat 150
Bone/tooth
213
Feat 150
Charcoal
214
Feat 154
Quartz +
leptite
58
9
215
Feat 154
Bone/tooth
216
Feat 161
Charcoal
217
Feat 163
Bone/tooth
218
Feat 169
Bone/tooth
219
Feat 170
Charcoal
220
Surface xl638
y6197
Basalt
Adze
93 x 44 x 26
mm
151
1
221
Surface xl602
y6357
Flint
Strike-a-light
Burnt
19
1
222
Surface xl631
y6238
Quartz
Knapped bip
High quality
3
1
10
Technical & Administrative data
Administrativia
County council permit number: 431-26289-07, invested in the Ostergotland County Museum.
Location
Ostergotland, Kaga parish, Satruna, Raa Kaga 50
Economic Map sheet: 8F7h SV
Coordinates of trench centre: x6481650, yl486240
Fieldwork
Time: 15-25 September 2009: a total of TA full days' work with a team of about 14 people, or
roughly 105 person-days all together.
Stripped surface: 1047 sqm.
Staff
Directors: Martin Rundkvist & Petter Nyberg
Fieldworkers: Ing-Marie Back Danielsson, Philip Cox, Tom Crowther, Laura Dumbleton, Connor
Emerson, Peter Forrester, Theres Furuskog, Karen Gavin, Behnaz Ghoncheh, Adele Locke,
Joachim Odelmar, Sarah Powell, Peter Rydberg, Bill Sheppard
Post-excavation specialists
Lithics: Fredrik Molin and Roger Wikell.
Osteology: Petter Nyberg.
Wood species determinations: Ulf Strucke, Raa UV Mitt, Stockholm.
Radiocarbon: Goran Possnert & Maud Soderman, Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala.
Finds conservation: Stiftelsen Foremalsvard, Kiruna.
Digital plans: Petter Nyberg.
Funding
Royal Academy of Sciences, Johan & Jakob Soderbergs stiftelse, Ake Wibergs stiftelse, Berit Wal-
lenbergs stiftelse, Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf VT Adolfs fond for svensk kultur, Stiftelsen Lars Hier-
tas Minne, Royal Academy of Letters, Magnus Bergvalls stiftelse, Swedish research Council, Claes
& Greta Lagerfelts stiftelse
11
Stenfynden fran Sattuna, September 2008
Av Fredrik Molin, 10 oktober 2008
Hojden over havet 35-40 m o.h. anger en trolig aldsta mojlig datering till senmesolitikum (SM) eller
tidigneolitikum (TN), under forutsattning art platsen var strandbunden vid den havsvik som Roxen
tidigare var del av. Enligt forsiktiga berakningar avsnors Roxen i overgangen till TN (se Fromm
1976, Geologiska kartbladet).
Ca 35 m o.h. kan (atminstone enligt min mening) raknas som Roxens tidigare strand, innan
passtroskeln vid Norsholm gravdes ut (varvid vattenstandet minskade till dagens 33,3 m o.h.) for
kanalens rakning.
Det Finns ett fatal dateringar hyfsat nara Roxens strand till senmesolitikum pa motsvarande hoj-
der, t.ex. vid Tornby och Tallboda.
Fynden
Slipad bergartsyxa
Gronsten. Antydan till helslipad med markerade smalsidor. Ej prickhuggen utan tillslagen. Generell
datering: MM till MN. Sadana yxor finns det manga fran SM-boplatsen i Motala (se Tom Carlssons
avhandling eller nan av de populara bockerna). De finns aven pa Sodertorn och overallt daromkring
langs kusterna. Hanger med anda firam till MN - ser dock inget speciellt MN-drag (typ mejselartat,
halegg eller sa) i denna yxa. Obestambar, men mitt stalltips ar SM-TN!
Hdlleflinta och kvarts
Materialet forefaller inte svallat. Daremot har man anvant sma rundslipade strandnoduler (klimpar)
som man oppnat upp (klyvt) och troligen borjat bearbeta utan ytterligare forberedelser - sasom att
sla till plattformar, forma karnor etc. Bra exempel pa obearbetade klimpar finns fran anl 154.
Anl 143 och 141 ar exempel pa kluvna rundslipade noduler (raamnen) dar brottytorna inte ar
svallade utan "stenalders-farska".
Man har kant till god kvalitet i ramaterialet nar man sett den - manga noduler narmar sig berg-
kristall i kvaliten.
Exempel 1: xl633 y 6229. Liten rundslipad klimp, glasartad (hogprismatisk) kvarts. Oppnad,
sedan tva mikrospanliknande uttag. For natta for att vara bipolart slagna. Alltsa puns eller tryck!
Mesolitiskt kynne! Flintkvalite pa kvartsen.
Exempel 2: Anl 131. Ytteravslag med ra cortex pa ena sidan. Bruksskador samt ev. tva-tre sma
retuscher langs langsidan (kolla under lupp!). Alltsa redskap! Trubbig - troligen skrapande egg.
Ultramylonit: Flera bra avslag ar av ultramylonitisk kvarts (ibland slarvigt namnd som kvartsit,
se Tom Carlssons avhandling) - d.v.s. detta ar flintkvalite. T.ex. Anl 66 och Anl 124 (bandade mar-
moreringen ar vanlig). Troligen plattformsmetod.
Halleflintan: Sma naturligt rundade klimpar. D.v.s. samma kynne som med kvartsen. Denna sten
far snabbt en patina nar den kommer i jorden, den sa att saga "aterbildar" krustan - de har ofta mat-
ta brottytor - till synes svallade. Finns i mesolitiska material, t ex vid Storlyckan (Larsson & Molin
2000).
Exempel: Anl 1 14. Troligen borjan pa en bipolar karna.
Anl 83
Tva matta avslag. Ett med rundad yttersida - det andra tydligt bipolart.
Anl 128
Har finns ett bra slaget kvartsmaterial som visar hela tillverkningsprocessen. Nastan helt baserat pa
bipolar metod. Materialet ser valdigt frascht ut, vissa bitar ser nastan nyslagna ut. Detta ar lite kons-
tigt!
Har finns:
12
• Hela och delar av bipolara karnor
• Bipolara avslag
• Avslagsfragment
• Splitter
• Oppnade ranoduler (klimpar)
Bland avslagen finns nagra plattformsavslag - bl a ett tydligt uppfriskningsavslag dar en karnfront
slagits bort. Nagra avslag ar ytteravslag med naturlig cortex/krusta (rayta) pa utsidan.
Man har velat at tunna raka avslag. Troligen for skarande eggar och att satta i sammansatta red-
skap - typ spetsar for pilar, spjut etc.
Ett avslag uppvisar troliga not/slitspar langs ena langsidan, samt en mojlig retusch - redskap,
skarande egg?
Sammanfattning
Grattis, du har lokaliserat och gravt delar av en stenaldersboplats!
Yxan, mikrospanuttagen, samt mojligen halleflintan och ultramyloniten som ramaterial talar for
en senmesolitisk datering - inget motsatter dock en TN-datering (forutom franvaron av keramik
forstas).
Ovriga kvartsen kan inte dateras. Men den ar for grov (enligt mitt tycke) for att vara tidig- eller
mellanmesolitisk - vilket den heller inte kan vara p.g.a. hojden over havet. Kvartsen blir grovre och
fulare ju yngre den blir - en tendens vi brukar se i materialen. Teoretiskt sett kan den vara slagen
fram till kanske bronsalder. De som slagit har vetat vad de gjort och vad de velat fa ut - vilket inte
talar for yngre dateringar enligt min mening.
Jag tror pa senmesolitikum!
13
Osteologisk undersokning av skelettmaterial fran Sattuna
Av Petter Nyberg, 1 oktober 2008
Material
Det analyserade skelettmaterialet fran Sattuna framkom vid en arkeologisk undersokning som utfor-
des under September 2008 strax norr om Sattunahogen (RAA 10, Kaga sn). Skelettmaterialet hade
en totalvikt av 79,8 gram och antalet fragment uppgick till 138. Materialet var mycket fragmenterat
med en snittvikt av 0,6 gram per fragment. 20 fragment var branda vilket utgjorde ca 14 % av
totalantalet. Det branda skelettmaterialet vagde totalt 4,2 gram, vilket motsvarar ungefar 5 % av
totalvikten. Bade viktmassigt och vad galler antal utgjorde de branda benen saledes endast en mind-
re del av totala antalet analyserade fragment.
Viktmassigt har 51 % av materialet varit mojlig art identifiera till art, familj eller grupp av
arter. Ovriga ben har om mojligt delats in i klass. Antalsmassigt har 70 % av fragmenten varit moj-
liga att identifiera till art, familj eller grupp av arter.
Art Fragmentantal % Vikt i gram %
Notkreatur 2 1,4 14,1 17,7
Hast 4 2,9 9,6 12,0
Svin 1 0,7 0,2 0,2
Stor grasatare 90 65,2 26,6 33,3
Daggdjur 33 23,9 27,6 34,6
Oidentifierade fragment 8 5^8 LJ 2,1
TOTALT 138 100 79,8 100
Metod
Skelettmaterialet fran varje anlaggning eller fyndnummer har undersokts for sig. Benen har sedan
redovisats i en gemensam benlista. Fragmenten har bestamts till benslag och art dar sa varit mojligt.
Kvantifiering har gjorts med hjalp av fragmentantal (NISP, Number of Identified Specimens),
minsta individantal (mind eller MNI, Minimum Number of Individuals) samt minsta antalet benele-
ment (mab eller MNE, Minimum Number of Elements). Epifysstatus har noterats for att mojliggora
aldersbedomning.
Vissa frekvent forekommande benslag som inte kunnat artbestammas har sorterats in under
artgruppen "stor grasatare". De som hamnat under rubriken "stor grasatare" harror troligen i de
fiesta fall fran notkreatur eller hast aven om alg inte kan uteslutas. Nagra sakra spar av alg finns inte
i det analyserade skelettmaterialet.
Den metod som anvants for berakning av individantal ar den av Chaplin (1971) utarbetade
mind-metoden, vilken gar ut pa att sakerstalla minsta antalet individer (mind eller MNI) i ett skelett-
material. Metoden innebar att man anvander det benslag per djurart som uppvisar flest antal fran
hoger eller vanster sida. I vissa fall kan man aven anvanda opariga ben om detta ar lampligt. Efter
sakning av de fragment som kan tillhora samma benelement, kan man sakerstalla minsta antalet in-
divider. Aven hansyn till alder bor tas. Vissa juvenila ben kan darmed raknas som enskilda indivi-
der. Aven sakra konsbedomningar kan anvandas vid berakningarna.
Dodsaldern kan bedomas utifran olika kriterier baserade pa skelettets allmanna utveckling
och aldrande. Eftersom tanderna bryter fram i olika aldrar och gradvis slits ned, ger en bedomning
utifran dem en hanvisning till ett specifikt intervall. Skelettutvecklingen i ovrigt ger oftast endast en
bestamning till aldre eller yngre an en viss dodsalder. Detta ar en klar nackdel nar man har att gora
med ett material som bestar av losryckta fragment fran flera olika individer. Noterbart ar aven att ti-
14
digare forskning har visat att aldersprofilerna blir olika beroende pa om man anvander tander eller
epifyser (Vretemark 1997:35f med anf litt). I benlistan har endast noterats ifall epifysen ar samman-
vuxen eller inte. Ingen bedomning av tandutveckling eller tandslitaget har gjorts.
Resultat
Om inte annat anges patraffades inga konsindikationer, inga skelettforandringar beroende pa sjuk-
dom eller trauma, och ej heller nagra spar fran slakt eller hantverksverksamhet.
A8 (stolphal)
Anlaggningen inneholl totalt fyra obranda skelettfragment med en totalvikt av 1,0 gram. Inget av
fragmenten var mojligt att artbestamma.
A9 (sentida grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl totalt tva obranda skelettfragment med en totalvikt
av 4,3 gram. Ett av benen var ett ryggkotfragment harrorande fran en stor grasatare. Det andra var
ett tandfragment fran nagon typ av daggdjur, inte manniska.
A3 3 (sentida grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl ett obrant rorbensfragment med en vikt av 3,2
gram. Fragmentet harror fran nagon typ av daggdjur, inte manniska.
A3 7 (hard)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl ett fullstandigt forbrant rorbensfragment med en
vikt av 0, 1 gram. Fragmentet gick inte att artbestamma.
A47 (grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl ett fullstandigt forbrant skelettfragment med en vikt
av 0,2 gram. Fragmentet gick inte att artbestamma.
A49 (grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl totalt tva fullstandigt forbranda rorbensfragment
med en totalvikt av 0,6 gram. Bada fragmenten harror fran nagon typ av daggdjur, inte manniska.
A50 (sentida grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl totalt tva fullstandigt forbranda skelettfragment
med en totalvikt av 0,3 gram. Bada fragmenten harror fran nagon typ av daggdjur, inte manniska.
A70 (sentida grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl totalt tva obranda tandfragment med en totalvikt av
0,2 gram. Bada fragmenten harror fran en storre grasatare.
A72 (grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl ett fullstandigt forbrant rorbensfragment med en
vikt av 0,2 gram. Fragmentet gick inte att artbestamma.
A77 (sentida grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl nio obranda skelettfragment med en totalvikt av
29,3 gram. I anlaggningen patraffades en mjolktand och ett skulderbladsfragment fran ett notkreatur
samt tva hela hasttander samt och tva fragment av dito. Dessutom patraffades tre skelettfragment
fran nagon typ av daggdjur som inte narmare kunde artbestammas. Det kunde dock konstateras att
dessa tre fragment inte harror fran en manniska.
15
A84 (sentida grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl tio obranda skelettfragment med en totalvikt av
14,8 gram. I anlaggningen patraffades fragment av tva epifysplattor fran en eller tva ryggkotor har-
rorande fran en stor grasatare. Dessutom patraffade atta revbensfragment av fran en stor grasatare.
Utover detta fanns fern skelettfragment fran nagon typ av daggdjur som inte narmare kunde artbe-
stammas. Inget av dessa fern fragment harror dock fran manniska.
A85 (sentida grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl ett fullstandigt forbrant tandfragment med en vikt
av 0,2 gram. Fragmentet harror fran ett svin.
A87 (sentida grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl tva obranda skelettfragment med en totalvikt av 4,9
gram. Bada fragmenten harror fran nagon typ av daggdjur, inte manniska.
A113 (grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl ett fullstandigt forbrant rorbensfragment med en
totaltvikt av 0,4 gram. Fragmentet harror fran nagon typ av daggdjur, inte manniska.
A115 (grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl fyra branda skelettfragment av varierande forbran-
ningsgrad. Benen hade en totalvikt av 1,8 gram. Samtliga skelettfragment harror fran nagon typ av
daggdjur, inte manniska.
All 7 (grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl sex ofullstandigt forbranda rorbensfragment med en
totalvikt av 0,5 gram. Samtliga skelettfragment harror fran nagon typ av daggdjur, inte manniska.
Al 50 (hard)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl 76 obranda tandfragment med en totalvikt av 14,4
gram. Samtliga fragmenten harror sannolikt fran en och samma tand. Tandfragmenten kommer fran
en stor grasatare.
Al 54 (grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl tre obranda skelettfragment med en totalvikt av 0,5
gram. Samtliga skelettfragment harror fran nagon typ av daggdjur, inte manniska.
A 163 (grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl tva obranda skelettfragment med en totalvikt av 2,7
gram. Bada skelettfragmenten harror fran nagon typ av daggdjur, inte manniska.
A 169 (grop)
Den undersokta delen av anlaggningen inneholl ett obrant skelettfragment med en vikt av 0,3 gram.
Skelettfragment harror fran nagon typ av daggdjur, inte manniska.
F160 (losfynd). Fyndet bestod av ett fullstandigt forbrant rorbensfragment med en vikt av 0,2 gram.
Fragmentet gick inte art artbestamma.
16
Litteratur
Chaplin, R. E. 1971. The Study of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. London.
Vretemark, M. 1997. Fran ben till boskap. Kosthdll och djurhallning med utgangspunkt i medeltida
benmaterial frdn Skara. Del I. Skrifter fran lansmuseet Skara nr 25. Skara.
Forklaring till benlista
Anl Anlaggningsnummer.
Element Till vilket benslag hor fragmenten.
Komplett/frag Ror det sig om ett narmast komplett ben eller fragment (eller del) av ett ben.
Sida Fran vilken sida kommer pariga ben. Sin betyder vanster, Dx betyder hoger. Opariga
ben indikeras med N/A.
F br Fragmentet ar fullstandigt forbrant.
Of br Fragmentet ar ofullstandigt forbrant
Obr Fragmentet ar obrant.
Adult Epifyser ar fullstandigt fusionerade. Permanenta tander.
Juv Epifyser ar inte fusionerade eller endast delvis fusionerade. Mjolktander eller per-
manenta tander som inte visar nagra som heist spar efter slitage.
Mod Modifierade fragment, t ex avsagade, med huggmarken, snittspar etc. Har ingar aven
ben med gnagspar.
Pat Patologi, fragment med spar efter sjukdom eller trauma.
NISP Number of Identified Specimens ar antalet identifierade skelettfragment.
MNE Minimum Number of Elements eller mab som det kallas pa svenska ar minsta antalet
skelettelement. De feta siffrorna i kolumnen indikerar de ben som anvants vid
utraknandet av MNE.
MNI Minimum Number of Individuals eller mind som det kallas pa svenska ar minsta ant-
alet individer. De feta siffrorna i kolumnen indikerar de ben som anvants vid
utraknandet av MNI.
17
Sattuna 2008
Anl
Art
Art
Element
Element
Komplett/frac
Sida
Fbr
Of br
Obr
Kon
Adult
Juv
Mod
Pat
NISP
MNE
MNI
Vikt
Kommentarer
A8
Undet
Oidentifierad
Undet
Oidentifierat
Fragment
X
4
1,0
A9
Bovidae/Cervidae/Equidae
Stor grasatare
Vertebrae
Ryggkota
Fragment
N/A
X
1
3,9
A9
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Dentes
Tand
Fragment
X
1
0,4
A33
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Ossa longa/brevia
Langa/korta rdrben
Fragment
X
1
3,2
A37
Undet
Oidentifierad
Ossa longa/brevia
Langa/korta rorben
Fragment
X
1
0,1
A47
Undet
Oidentifierad
Undet
Oidentifierat
Fragment
X
1
0,2
A49
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Ossa longa/brevia
Langa/korta rorben
Fragment
X
2
0,6
A50
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Undet
Oidentifierat
Fragment
X
2
0,3
A70
Bovidae/Cervidae/Equidae
Stor grasatare
Dentes
Tand
Fragment
X
3
0,2
A72
Undet
Oidentifierad
Ossa longa/brevia
Langa/korta rorben
Fragment
X
1
0,2
A77
Bos taurus
Ndtkreatur
Pd4 inf
Mjdlkpremolar 4 i underkake
Komplett
Dx
X
X
1
7,9
A77
Bos taurus
Ndtkreatur
Scapula
Skulderblad
Fragment
Sin
X
1
6,2
A77
Equus caballus
Hast
Incisivi
Framtand
Komplett
X
2
2
5,7
A77
Equus caballus
Hast
Incisivi
Framtand
Fragment
X
2
2
3,9
A77
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Undet
Oidentifierat
Fragment
X
3
5,6
A84
Bovidae/Cervidae/Equidae
Stor grasatare
Vertebrae
Ryggkota
Fragment
N/A
X
1
2,9
Cranial epifysplatta.
A84
Bovidae/Cervidae/Equidae
Stor grasatare
Vertebrae
Ryggkota
Fragment
N/A
X
1
3,0
Caudal epifysplatta.
A84
Bovidae/Cervidae/Equidae
Stor grasatare
Costae
Revben
Fragment
X
8
2,2
A84
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Undet
Oidentifierat
Fragment
X
5
2
6,7
A85
Sus scrota
Svin
Molares
Kindtand
Fragment
X
1
0,2
Tandrot.
A87
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Undet
Oidentifierat
Fragment
X
2
4,9
A113
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Ossa longa/brevia
Langa/korta rorben
Fragment
X
1
0,4
A115
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Ossa longa/brevia
Langa/korta rorben
Fragment
X
2
1.2
A115
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Ossa longa/brevia
Langa/korta rorben
Fragment
X
1
0,2
A115
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Undet
Oidentifierat
Fragment
X
1
0,1
A117
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Ossa longa/brevia
Langa/korta rorben
Fragment
X
6
0,5
A150
Bovidae/Cervidae/Equidae
Stor grasatare
Dentes
Tand
Fragment
X
76
14,4
A154
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Undet
Oidentifierat
Fragment
X
3
0,5
A163
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Ossa longa
Langa rorben
Fragment
X
1
2,2
A163
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Undet
Oidentifierat
Fragment
X
1
0,5
A169
Mammalia
Daggdjur
Undet
Oidentifierat
Fragment
X
1
0,3
F160
Undet
Oidentifierad
Ossa longa/brevia
Langa/korta rorben
Fragment
X
1
0,2
TOTALT
TOTALT
Totalt
138
10
3
79,8
Bos taurus
Ndtkreatur
Totalt
2
2
1
14,1
Equus caballus
Hast
Totalt
4
4
1
9,6
Sus scrota
Svin
Totalt
1
1
1
0,2
Vedanatomisk analys
Av Ulf Strucke, 19 oktober 2008
A3 inneholl inget daterbart material. A45 var nara en liknande situation, men jag lyckades plocka
ihop tva sma kolbitar. Egenaldern pa tallen och eken kan vara ratt hog. Karnved ar ju mer mot-
standskraftig mot rota an splinten. Det betyder att rotat virke inte nodvandigtvis behover betyda hog
alder relativt fallningstillfallet, eftersom den ytliga unga splintveden ruttnar lattare an den inre aldre
karnveden.
Daremot ar bade tall och ek som byggnadsvirke taliga mot rota. Det betyder att tiden fran fallnings-
tillfalle till brukningstid och slutlig uppeldning kan vara lang. Sa om dateringarna av A8 och A45
verkar udda har du sakerligen skalet till det i det rotade virket.
Analysprotokoll
Landskap: Ostergotland Socken: Kaga
Fastighet: Sattuna RAA nr:
Analysld: 7457
Anlaggning:
A8 Provnr:
F165
Vikt (g):
0,2 Analyserad vikt (g):
0,2
Fragment:
5 Analyserat antal:
5
Art:
Tall Antal:
5
Material:
Trakol
Kommentar:
Kraftigt rotad fore forbranning.
Analysld: 7458
Anlaggning:
A45 Provnr:
F174
Vikt (g):
0, 1 Analyserad vikt (g):
0,1
Fragment:
2 Analyserat antal:
2
Art:
Ek Antal:
2
Material:
Trakol
Kommentar:
Kraftigt rotad fore forbranning.
Analysld: 7454
Anlaggning:
A123 Provnr:
F201
Vikt (g):
0,3 Analyserad vikt (g):
0,3
Fragment:
6 Analyserat antal:
6
Art:
Hassel Antal:
6
Material:
Analysld:
Trakol
7455
Anlaggning:
A135 Provnr:
F208
Vikt (g):
0, 1 Analyserad vikt (g):
0,8
Fragment:
13 Analyserat antal:
13
Art:
Lonn Antal:
13
Material:
Analysld:
Trakol
7456
Anlaggning:
A 170 Provnr:
F219
Vikt (g):
0,1 Analyserad vikt (g):
0,1
Fragment:
6 Analyserat antal:
6
Art:
Gran Antal:
6
Material:
Trakol
Kommentar:
Stam.
19
14
Resultat av C datering av trakol fran Sverige.
Forbehandling av trakol och liknande material:
1 . Synliga rottradar borttages.
2. 1 % HC1 tillsatts (8-10 timmar, under kokpunkten) (karbonat bort).
3. 1 % NaOH tillsatts (8-10 timmar, under kokpunkten). Loslig fraktion falls
genom tillsattning av konc. HC1. Fallningen som till storsta delen bestar av
humusmaterial, tvattas, torkas och benamns fraktion SOL. Oloslig del, som
benamns INS, bestar framst av det ursprungliga organiska materialet. Denna
fraktion ger darfor den mest relevanta aldern. Fraktionen SOL daremot ger
information om eventuella fororeningars inverkan.
14
Fore acceleratorbestamningen av C-innehallet forbranns, det tvattade och intorkade
materialet surgjort till pH 4, till CO -gas, som i sin tur konverteras till fast grafit
genom en Fe-katalytiskreaktion.
I den aktuella undersokningen har fraktionen INS daterats.
RESULTAT
Labnummer
Prov 5 13 C%
PDB
14 C alder BP
Ua-37498
Sattuna 2008, A 8
-25,8
1 205 + 35
Ua-37499
Sattuna 2008, A 45
-26,7
5 560 + 40
Ua-37500
Sattuna 2008, A 123
-29,8
3 855 + 35
Ua-37501
Sattuna 2008, A 135
-25,6
1 585 + 30
Ua-37502
Sattuna 2008, A 170
-23,8
1 660 + 30
Med vanlig halsmng
Goran Possnert/Maud Soderman
1486000
1486500
lO
o
o
CO
Field Track
| | Stripped Area
1486000
Fig. 1 . Location plan.
1486500
1436200
I
14SS240
I
O
_- — r
Q^ V Oo% r
O
•»• •*=•
C 3
9 D tO
_-- — - "W"
■J
T2 * ..
9
A
\
O"
£) o
"No o
10 5
1 Meter
Legend
I
Stripped Area
Post hole
Pit
Modern
Hearth
1
14S6200
1436240
Fig. 2. Plan of stripped surface.
14S6200
I
148G220
O
X3:S
A33
ffl fl@*
A61
«54 ^ A36 J
7B0
AM O
m
o
AZS
ASS""1, AS4
A@1
21 A3D
AgeoJi — "
1>S
A^41
A.143
A143
A,t47
4 2
4 Meter
1486200
14S6220
Fig. 3. Plan of western part of excavation with feature numbers.
14S6240
I
1486260
l_
O
41§
A1J7
A3J ^
443 A7]J
& AS3
5 ' fi- ^ te
^ A43 W
A@0 IA46V *
,94 ^
AS9 F1sb
ABO j
W^Tia 1
G
AJB
.<:,
^
A7B
A@7 *
* 5 ? AtS4
A#1
o
A7H
rv r - Adl
A11J1
$& " " [A8S1
AQ4 W
V&n
A 133
f) ^ A4±A@1 L__.
fje
A#2
A 13/ ^fes
AUtO O"
^C38
Ad"^4
A (27 I
£ A02
@3 AT59
At45
T^ A® A04
""■"'" Af46
• o
AT353 Q
O
A 163
^F
067
o9
A Op
A E69
f 2 O A^ D
AS6S
ATJS4
/{17JA|H
At75
AH6
i.gS
Ago Afflo\
/\ ACT9
tA17S\ /--'~X
At
( JS154 A ;g 2
A^-___
^ A(32
Ate
4 2
4 Meter
1486240
14*6260
Fig. 4. Plan of eastern part of excavation with feature numbers.
Fig. 5. Basalt adze (F220) found on field surface. Probable date: Late Mesolithic.
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