Expression Of The Emotions In Man And Animals

:>'

''!/'! 180 EXPRESSION OF GRIEF: CHAP. VII.

-,

vertical furrows, separating the exterior and lowered j

part of the skin of the forehead from the central and j

raised part. The union of these vertical furrows with j

the central and transverse furrows (see figs. 2" and 3) j

produces a mark on the forehead which has been com- i

pared to a horse-shoe; but the furrows more strictly
form three sides of a quadrangle. They are often con- i

spicuous on the foreheads of adult or nearly adult per- '

sons, when their eyebrows are made oblique; but with
young children, owing to their skin not easily wrinkling, |

they are rarely seen, or mere traces of them can be de- I

tected.

These peculiar furrows are best represented in fig. 3, i

Plate IIV on the forehead of a young lady who has the
power in an unusual degree of voluntarily acting on the
requisite muscles. As she was absorbed in the attempt,
whilst being photographed, her expression was not at
all one of grief; I have therefore given the forehead
alone. Fig. 1 on the same plate, copied from Dr. Du-
chenne's work,4 -represents, on a reduced scale, the face,
in its natural state, of a young man who was a good
actor. In fig. 2 he is shown simulating grief, but the

am unable to understand, judging from Henle's drawings I

(woodcut, fig. 3), how the corrugator can act in the man- ;

ner described by Duchenne. See, also, on this subject, j

Prof. Bonders' remarks in the * Archives of Medicine,'
1870, vol. v. p. 34. Mr. J. Wood, who is so well known
for his careful study of the muscles of the human frame,
informs me that he believes the account which I have ;

given of the action of the corrugator to be correct. But
this is not a point of any importance with respect to
the expression which is caused by the obliquity of the
eyebrows, nor of much importance to the theory of its
origin. :

* I am greatly indebted to Dr. Duchenne for permission -,

to have these two photographs (figs. 1 and 2) reproduced
by the heliotype process from his work in folio. Many
of the foregoing remarks on the furrowing of the skin,
when the eyebrows are rendered oblique, are taken from
his excellent discussion on this subject.