The Flow Of Gases In Furnaces

332 APPENDIX IX

WEIGHT OF WATER AND STEAM AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES

Steam Pressure
Weights of

Water,

Temperature, Degrees C.
Kilograms per Square Centimeters
Pounds per Square Inch
Water Pounds per Cubic Feet.
Kilograms per Cubic Meter. Ounces per Cubic
Steam, Kilograms per Cubic Meter
Steam, Pounds per Cubic Feet
Ratio
of Weights, W+S.

Feet

0
0.00623
0.0886
62.492
999.87
0.00485
0.000303
206,158

4

....
62.500
1000.00

20
0.0238
0.338
62.389
998.23
0.0173
0.00108
57,701

40
0.0749
1.066
62.016
992.25
0.0511
0.00319
19,517

60
0.2028
2.885
61.453
983.24
0.1305
0.00815
7,534

80
0.4828
6.867
60.739
971.83
0.2938
0.0183
3,307

100
1.0330
14.690
59.899
958.38
0.5980
0.0373
1,602

120
2.0240
28.790
58.963
943.40
1.1220
0.0700
841

140
3.6840
52.390
57.900
926.40
1.9680
0.123
471

160
6.3000
89.590
56.719
907.50
3.2650
0.204
278

180
10.2160
145.30
55.413
886.60
5.1500
0.322
173

200
15.8400
225.20
53.925
862.80
7.8400
0.489
110

coefficient and for the viscosity of the hot water the steam bubble
will rise above any moving stream of water circulating through a
tube before it can be carried any great distance horizontally. A
simple experiment will permit the verification of this. A glass
test-tube is nearly filled with water and a smaller tube is used to
blow air so it will bubble up through the water. A cork with a
vent on one side and a hole for the smaller tube permits the test-
tube to be inclined at various degrees. The ratio between the
weights of equal volumes of air and water is 1 to 774. (When the
tube is inclined the vent should be at the upper side, otherwise
the apparatus will " backfire.73) Upon blowing through the small
tube it will be found that at the vertical position and at slight,
inclinations from the vertical, the air will rise in bubbles. This
action is utilized in the air lift used in raising water from deep
driven wells. When the degree of inclination approaches the
horizontal there will be a tendency for the stream of bubbles to