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The Classification of Languages         191

adduced is that the word for thzyoke is common to all Aiyan languages
(Old Indian yvgcan^ Greek zygon, Latrnjugum} Gothicyuk) Hence the
thingj as well as the name5 must have been part of primitive Aryan
culture Arguments of this kind are not convincing The fact that the

THE TEUTONIC VERB
A  STRONG TYPE

ANGLO-AMERICAN
	SWEDISH
	DANISH
	DUTCH
	GERMAN

(a) to give
	att givi
	at give
	te gevcn
	zu geben

given (part )
	^ivit
	givet
	gegeven
	gegeben

give(s)   (sing)
	^jvei
	1                 f
	geef(t)
	gebe (gibt)

(plur)
	giva
	> givei       •(
	geeven
	geben

gave      (sing )
	gav
	\MV          I
	gaf
	gab

(plur)
	gŁ fo
	f g&v        i
	gaven
	gaben

(b) to come
	att komrna
	at kommc
	te komen
	zu kommen

come (pait )
	kommit
	kommet
	gekoxnen
	gekommen

comc(s) (sing ) (piur)
	kommer kommo
	ikommer   i
	kom(t) komen
	komme(t) kominen

came    (sing ) (plur)
	kom komme
	kom         i
	kwam kwamen
	kam kamen

B WŁAK TYPE

ANGI O-AAICRICAN
	SWEDISH
	DANISH
	DUTCH
	GERMAN

(a) to work
	att arbeta
	at arbejde
	te aibeiden
	zu arbeiten

worked (part)
	arbetat
	arbe)det
	gearbeid
	gcarbeitet

work(s) (sing) (plur)
	arbetar arbeta
	V arbc)der   -1
	arbeide(t) arbeiden
	arbeite(t) arbeiten

worked (sing ) (plur)
	V arbctade
	f arbejdede 4
	arbeidcfe arbeidcfen
	arbeitete arbeiteten

(6) to hear
	att h6ra
	at h0re
	te hooien
	zu horen

heard (part )
	hort
	h0rt
	gehoord
	gehort

hear(s)   (sing ) (plur)
	hor hora
	> h0rer       j
	hoor(t) hooren
	hore(z) hOren

heard    (>ing ) (plur)
	| h6rde
	f h0ite       4
	hoorde hoorden
	horte horten

word yoke occurs; m all Aryan languages is explicable without burdening
the primitive Aryan dictionary. There is no reason whatsover why an
Aryan-speaking tribe should not have borrowed the yoke from a
non-Aryan-speaking commumty5 aad then passed it on to others.