Modern Descendants of Latin
353
More often than not, French descendants of this class end in a
consonant
(b) Descendants of Latin fenunines with trie nominative singular
ending -A are also feminine and retain the same terminal in
Spanish and Portuguese, as in Italian. In French it usually
makes way for a mute -E Portuguese nouns ending in ~cao
(Latin -tione) are feminine
These two clues tell us how to deal with the enormous class of
Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese nouns which have the singular ter-
minals -O (masc ) or -A (Jem) Among Latin nouns which did not have
the characteristic masculine, neuter or feminine endings -US, -UM, -A
in the nominative singular some had terminals which stamp the gender
class of their descendants throughout the group In the following list
the Latin equivalent is the ablative case form.
LATIN
ITALIAN
SPANISH
FRENCH
MASCULINE
-ALE
canale
-ENTE
acadente
-ALE
canale
-AL
canal
-ENTE
acctdente
-ENT
accident
FEMININE
-IONE
-IGNE
-ION
nations
nazwne
nicion
nation
-ATE hbertate
-A liberta
-AD libertad
-E hberte
-TUDINE
gratitudine
-TUDINE gratitudine
-TUD grantud
-TUBE gratitude
Latin abstract nouns with the ablative singular terminal -ore were
masculine Their descendants suck to their original gender in Spanish
and Italian, but have become effeminate in French
LATIN
ITALIAN
SPANISH
FRENCH
ENGLISH
clamore
il clamore
el clamor
la clameur
clamour
colore
il colore
el color
la couleur
colour
dolore
il dolore
el dolor
la douleur
pain
pudore
il pudore
el pudor
la pudeur
modesty
sapore
il sapore
el sabor
la saveur
taste (savour
vapore
il vapore
el vapor
la vapeur
steam3 vapour
M