\o
Nazareth College Library
Nazareth, Mich.
No.
(/lass No.
From .
SOLD BY
THOMAS BAKKR
1 72 Newman Street,
LONDON VV. KNP.
LITERARY AND BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY,
OR
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
OF THE
ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
A
LITERARY AND BIOGRAPHICAL
HISTORY,
OR
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
OF THE
ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
THE BREACH WITH ROME, IN 1534, TO THE
PRESENT TIME.
1 Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them."
MATT. vii. 20.
BY
JOSEPH GILLOW.
VOL. I.
BURNS & GATES.
LONDON : NEW YORK :
PATHOT 1C
GRANVILLE MANSIONS,
28 ORCHARD STREET, \Y. g BARCLAY STREET.
PREFACE.
THE object of this work is to present, in the most ready and
convenient form, a concise record of the literary efforts, educa
tional struggles, and the sufferings for religion's sake of the
Catholics in England down to the present time, from that of
Henry VIII.'s breach with Rome, and the beginning of the
consequent Anglican schism.
This volume is the first of a projected series of five, in which
it is proposed to complete the work.
Hugh Tootell's biographies contained in his grand work in
three folio volumes, known under the title of " Dodd's Church
History/' published in the years 1737, 1739, and 1742, form
the only collective authority for Catholic biographical history.
He had devoted thirty years of his life to the collection and
preparation of the matter for this work, yet it is only brought
down to the Revolution of 1688. Since Dodd's time there
has not been any successful attempt to trace the general
biographical history of the more eminent Catholics.
Those works which have appeared are restricted to time, to
place, or to some particular class. The most important are
Bishop Challoner's " Memoirs of Missionary Priests," the
Rev. Maziere Brady's " Episcopal Succession," Brother Foley's
invaluable and voluminous " Records S.J.," Dr. Oliver's
"Collectanea S.J.," and his "Collections Illustrative of the
Catholic History of the Six Western Counties." Also,
Fr. Morris's " Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers," Mr. S. H.
VI PREFACE.
Burke's " Historical Portraits of the Tudor Dynasty," and
Mr. David Lewis's able translation of Sanders' "Anglican
Schism," with his elaborate preface and notes. These make
up the principal part of the contributions to this depart
ment, but none of them embrace the wide field of Dodd's
biographies.
Canon Tierney, who undertook in 1839 to republish Dodd's
entire work, and to continue it to the end of the eighteenth
century, under two divisions of history and biography, did not
even conclude the former, and never commenced the latter.
But Canon Tierney was not the first to conceive the idea of
continuing Dodd ; two previous attempts had proved unsuc
cessful. The first was by the Rev. Thomas Eyre, a Douay
priest, who for fifteen years was chaplain at Stella, in Durham,
and began, in the year 1791, to circulate queries and to
collect materials for a continuation of the Church History.
The events, however, of the French Revolution, and the
destruction of the English Colleges abroad, called him to a
more active life, and prevented his proceeding in a work
which, in his hands, would have been ably executed. He was
required to take charge of the refugees from Douay College
who assembled in the North in 1793. At first they were
hospitably received in the Rev. Arthur Story's school at
Tudhoe, until they were able to remove to Pontop Hall, both
in the county of Durham. Crook Hall, an untenanted mansion
belonging to the Baker family, in the same county, was then
rented : the scattered students thus formed a new College,
over which Mr. Eyre was appointed President. This College
was removed to Ushaw in 1808.
Mr. Eyre's collections are now at Ushaw College. They
have not been used in the present work.
The second attempt was made by the Rev. John Kirk, D.D.,
of Lichfield, who, for upwards of forty years of his long life,
PREFACE. Vli
was preparing materials for the purpose. Indeed, while yet a
student in the English College at Rome, he seems to have
devoted his attention to this object. It was his daily occupa
tion ; every leisure moment of his time, excepting a few years
which his necessities obliged him to give to private tuition,
was with little relaxation devoted to the accomplishment of
this constant and ardent wish of his heart With infinite
labour he had at various times transcribed, or collected, and
methodically arranged, letters, tracts, annals, records, diaries,
and innumerable miscellaneous papers, forming upwards of
fifty volumes in folio and quarto. An account of all these,
specifically arranged under distinct heads, was published by
him in a letter to the Rev. Joseph Berington, respecting the
continuation of " Dodd's Church History," in the September
number of the Catholic Miscellany, 1826. But the pressure
of years, and many prudent misgivings, deterred him from
actual publication ; so that, after restoring to the Bishops,
Colleges, and to other private owners, their respective portions
of the MSS. collected, Dr. Kirk assigned what was properly
his own to Canon Tierney.
His fitness for such an undertaking is admirably ex
hibited in the portion of Dodd which he rearranged and
republished.
The reason of Canon Tierney's discontinuance of his valuable
labours has never been distinctly explained, but the fear ex
pressed in the preface to his fifth and last volume, that his
investigations might possibly by some be condemned, is pretty
generally understood to have been verified, and his work finally
suspended in consequence.
It is to be hoped that the time has now arrived when all
will agree with the remarks he then added : " To me, however,
it appears that the interests of truth are the interests of each
order and body of men. In itself, indeed, we have little
Vlll PREFACE.
concern with the conduct of our predecessors. It can neither
diminish the lustre of our virtues, nor sanctify the errors of
our proceedings : but it can supply a lesson either of en
couragement or of warning ; and may fortunately contribute
to make us better, for the single reason that it makes us wiser,
men."
Whilst disclaiming partiality in the internal dissensions
which, on certain matters of policy and jurisdiction, have from
time to time occurred, the present work is put forth as the
unassisted compilation of a layman, whose only desire is to
place before the public a truthful view of the past. In this
he feels assured that the cause of religion will be assisted, and
the task of a more able historian very much lightened. He
unites with Dodd in the belief expressed in his preface, that
Catholics " suffer more by concealment and misrepresentation,
than by an open and candid declaration."
Since Dodd's days, the researches of antiquarians and his
torians have brought to light original documents and scarce
books which that talented and industrious clergyman had not
the opportunity of inspecting. He lived, as Canon Tierney
points out, in a state of proscription, surrounded by alarms,
shut out from the intercourse of the learned, compelled to pro
secute his studies in secret, and to send forth the result
anonymously to the world, without that final correction which
it might, perhaps, otherwise have received.
The vast collections in the Record Office, the British
Museum, and other public libraries and offices throughout
the kingdom, have all, in more recent times, been brought
within the reach of the student, and placed at his disposal ;
thus adding to the information of existing histories, explaining
doubtful passages and correcting inaccuracies.
The present work is a compilation from the labours of
previous writers, original documents, catalogues of public and.
PREFACE. ix
private libraries, booksellers' and sale catalogues, with informa
tion derived from personal knowledge. It consists of biblio
graphical and biographical notices, with criticisms, of all
deceased Catholic Authors, Martyrs, Confessors of the Faith,
Cardinals, Bishops, Vicars- Apostolic, and Archpriests. Artists,
including Painters, Sculptors, Architects, Musicians, and Actors,
whose fame is deserving of notice, will also find a place in the
work. Likewise those members of the Legal, Medical, Military,
Naval, and Scientific professions, who have risen to eminence
in spite of legislative restriction, and in the face of that into
lerant spirit which sought to prohibit Catholics from enjoying
the position to which their merits would otherwise have
entitled them.
The authorities from which the biographies are chiefly
drawn are carefully noted, and will be found sufficient to
indicate sources for further research. It has been deemed
unnecessary to quote volume and page in works which are
either alphabetically or chronologically arranged, or supplied
with satisfactory indices. Neither has it been thought neces
sary to append an imposing list of references to works which
are mere repetition of those noted. The most reliable and
convenient authorities have been selected.
Though the charge of disloyalty unceasingly levelled against
the Catholics in England by their enemies has long been torn
to shreds, the proofs of its utter groundlessness cannot be too
often displayed. In the present instance it is of use, insomuch
as it allows of the introduction of family notices which would
otherwise be excluded from the scope of the work.
Undeviating attachment to their Sovereign and his rightful
heirs, has ever been the distinguishing mark of Catholics, and
additional suffering and persecution has been brought upon
them in consequence.
X PREFACE.
No body of men contributed so largely, both in blood and
treasure, to the maintenance of the Royal cause during the
Civil Wars, as the persecuted and oppressed Recusants. Years
ago Dr. Milner pointed out that the whole of the Catholic
nobility, with the serviceable proportion of the gentry and
yeomanry, were seen flocking round the Royal standard,
impatient to wash away with their blood the imputed stain of
" disloyalty/' which they had been unjustly constrained to bear
during the greater part of a century. The Catholics who were
possessed of castles and strongholds turned them into Royal
fortresses ; and the rest of them raised what money their
estates could afford, in support of the king and the constitution.
Dodd, referring to a list, which is far from complete, notes that
six lieutenant-generals, eighteen colonels, sixteen lieutenant-
colonels, sixteen majors, sixty-nine captains, fourteen lieutenants,
five cornets, and fifty gentlemen volunteers, all Catholics, lost
their lives, fighting in the field for the Royal cause. The
whole number of the noblemen and gentlemen, who thus
perished on the side of the king, was estimated at five hundred.
Two-fifths of these were Catholics. This is in considerable ex
cess of the proportion which the number of the Catholics at this
period bore to that of the Protestants of the same social rank.
Yet mark the treatment the Catholics received in return.
Every opportunity was seized to increase their sufferings, and
make fresh exactions from their already impoverished estates.
Even the family which sheltered Charles II. after his defeat at
Worcester, and those Catholics to whom he owed his preserva
tion, were treated with the same injustice and ingratitude.
An interesting example of this is shown in a MS. in the
British Museum, Add. MS., 20,739. It is a report by his
Majesty's command, in 1671, of all the recusants convict in
twenty-five counties and cities in England and Wales, amount
ing to 10,236 persons. It was forwarded to the Lords Com-
PREFACE. XI
missioners of the Treasury, for the purpose of calculating what
more could be squeezed out of the unfortunate Catholics. Of
this number, 5,496 belonged to the county of Lancaster alone.
Some of the comments accompanying this return are worthy
of note. The writer observes that it is more than probable
that the number of recusants in those counties from whence no
convictions are certified, may at least equal, if not exceed, the
number certified. Seeing that by law the penalty of 20 a
month runs on after the first conviction until conformity, he
considers it worth the labour to compute the total legal liability
of these convictions as they stand upon the record. Conclud
ing that the penalty is " more than twenty times " due to the
king, few convictions being less than two years old most of
three, four, five, and more years' standing he arrives at a grand
total of four or five millions sterling. This amount, he remarks,
is more than all the recusants in England are worth. In those
counties in which he had been able to make inquiry, the persons
were either unknown or so poor as to be scarce worth the
penalty of one 20, much less the cumulative penalties of two
or three years. He adds, however, that there are persons of
quality, " but such as either in person or their fathers did
eminently serve the king."
The continued attachment of the great proportion of the
Catholic body to the Stuarts after the usurpation of the throne
by a Dutchman, which, but for religious bigotry, would have
been repugnant to the sense of every Englishman, is a question
of greater nicety, and it is not necessary to examine it here.
Those who suffered the extreme penalty, or lost their lives in
the field on this account, are included, as otherwise some
families would not come within the limits of this work.
Booksellers and printers, to whom so much credit is due for
spending their fortunes, and in earlier times sacrificing their
Xll PREFACE.
lives, in their efforts to assist and defend the cause by printing
and circulating Catholic literature, have called for special atten
tion. Indeed, the work would be incomplete without them, and
therefore the record has been made as perfect as the difficult
circumstances, owing to the necessity of concealment of identity
in times of persecution, will allow.
Charles Butler, noticing the extreme rarity of Catholic books
published between the so-called Reformation and the Revolu
tion, attributes it to the power exercised by pursuivants.
Almost at pleasure they could apprehend Catholics, or sus
pected Catholics ; take them before the magistrates ; enter and
search their houses ; and seize their books, and any other kind
of property which they imagined might be used for any rite of
Catholic worship, or for any kind of Catholic devotion.
To this must also be added the smallness of the impressions,
caused by the difficulties and dangers of circulation.
Gee, a Protestant, in his " Foot out of the Snare," published
in 1624, drew attention to the extraordinary high prices of
Catholic books. The reason is palpable, for it was absolutely
impossible for secret presses to work cheaply, or books to be
introduced into the country from abroad without great risk and
expense. Some examples from his illustrations will show how
difficult it must have been for Catholics to provide themselves
with religious books. It will be remembered that the money
of those days must be multiplied many times to bring the
nominal value to its equivalent of to-day. The prices are
apparently those of publication, compared with what Gee con
sidered the value under ordinary circumstances.
The Douay Bible, he says, sold for 40^., which at an ordi
nary price might be afforded for los. ; the Rheims Testament
1 6s. or 2os., which might be produced for a noble or less ; the
same in English, i6mo., 12s., as against 4-y. ; Dr. Worthington's
"Anker of Christian Doctrine," 14^., against $s.; Brereley's
PREFACE. xiii
" Protestant Apologie," i ?s., against 6s. or less ; Tobie
Matthew's " St. Augustine's Confessions," a little book, 8vo.,
1 6s., against 2s. 6d. ; " The Pseudo-Scripturist/' by Fr. Norris,
a book of some twelve sheets, sold at 5^. ; " The Bishop of
London's Legacy," containing about sixteen sheets, 6s. or "js. ;
and others in like proportion.
Even in later times the small circulation obliged publishers
to require high prices, and in the last century, when Catholic
booksellers and printers were permitted to try and eke out a
living by their profession, they generally had bankruptcy staring
them in the face. The high prices of many modern Catholic
books are still due to the same difficulty a limited circulation.
Formerly it was unsafe for authors to attach their names to
their works, and much less dare the printer reveal his name and
address ; the publication had to be disguised under a foreign
imprint. So late as 1725, a Catholic printer was prosecuted
for publishing a book taken chiefly from Protestant authors,
" England's Conversion and Reformation Compared," by the
Rev. Robert Manning. All this greatly adds to the labour of
compiling a Catholic Bibliographical Dictionary ; at the same
time it increases its value.
The penal enactments against education, whereby it was
intended to extinguish the faith in this country, necessitated
the establishment of Colleges and Convents abroad to perpetuate
its very existence. Yet these efforts were not confined to the
Continent ; schools on a small scale were secretly conducted in
this country, even during the most severe times of persecution.
Though it is impossible to embrace all who are known to have
assisted in this meritorious work, so essential to the literary
existence of the English Catholics, an attempt has been made
to notice the founders of all English conventual and scholastic
establishments abroad, with some brief outline or indication of
XIV PREFACE.
their subsequent history. Still more attention has been given
to those daring schoolmasters who braved the dangers of their
profession through the storm of religious persecution, and to
their successors in quieter times, who sacrificed the more
lucrative employments to which their talents and industry
might have been directed, in their desire to keep alive the
ancient faith and promote Catholic education.
The scope of a Biographical Dictionary necessarily admits
only of abridged and condensed notices, yet the work uniformly
proceeds on the plan of giving the most interesting and original
details tending to throw light on general or personal history.
An attempt has also been made to give a concise and impartial
narrative of all the controversies in which Catholics have been
engaged.
It is almost needless to add that the antiquary and genealogist
will find much that will repay perusal. Nearly every Catholic
family will in some way be represented in the course of the
entire work, and an effort has been made to elucidate family
history as much as the circumscribed character of the work
will admit.
Though assistance has been disclaimed in the biographies,
with the exception of where it is acknowledged in its proper
place, the bibliographical part of the work, which will perhaps
by many be considered the most valuable, is frequently in
debted to the extensive knowledge of early Catholic literature
possessed by the Rev. Raymund Stanfield, and for much
information derived from the valuable library at Foxcote,
belonging to Mr. Philip J. C. Howard, of Corby Castle, to
whose grandfather, Mr. Henry Howard, an obligation was
acknowledged by Canon Tierney in his continuation of Dodd.
Mr. Orby Shipley's collection of Catholic ascetical books has
also been of great assistance, and sincere thanks are due to
PREFACE. XV
those gentlemen who responded to the circular, requesting
information on specific subjects, issued in December last.
The courtesy of Bro. Foley, S. J., and the use which has been
made of the literary mine of Catholic historical matter with
which he has liberally provided the public, must not be omitted,
and a similar acknowledgment is due to the valuable aid
rendered by the numerous publications of Fr. Morris, S J.
The principal obligation, however, is due to his Eminence the
Cardinal Archbishop for his kindness and confidence in per
mitting use to be made of a portion of Dr. Kirk's labours.
These MSS., to which reference is repeatedly made, consist
of four small but closely written bundles of biographical collec
tions, mostly of a date later than Dodd. A large proportion
does not come within the limits laid down for this work ; part
has been already printed in Catholic periodicals during Dr.
Kirk's lifetime ; and some portion has been used by Bro. Foley,
in his " Records S.J.," from a copy of the collection in the
possession of the Society at St. Francis Xavier's, Liverpool.
Nevertheless, Dr. Kirk's collection, though coming to hand
after the MS. of this volume was written, has been extensively
used in its revision, and the indebtedness for the privilege
cannot be too gratefully acknowledged.
In conclusion, again borrowing a remark from the preface of
the Church Historian, the absence of literary style will, it
is hoped, be excused, and the vastness and utility of the
collection, which, in the language of Dodd, has indeed been
" porter's work," be received as compensation for that and other
deficiencies.
J. G.
LONDON, June 1885.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
P. 2, ABEL, T., D.D., martyr. It is to be regretted that this extract from Dodd got
into print, like some others, without revision. Much more might have been
added, and Dodd's concluding remark is absurd. The full title of Abel's
work is, " Tractatus de non dissolvendo Henrici et Catherine matrimonio,
Invicta Veritas. An Answere (to ' the determinations of the moste famous
.... Universities, etc.'). That by no maner of lawe it maye be lawfull
for the moste noble Kinge of Englande Kinge Henry the ayght to be divorsid
fro the Quenes grace, his lawful and very wyfe." B.L. Luneberge, i53 2 > 4 to -
P. 3, ACTON, CHARLES, line io,fot- Masnod ?r<z</ Mazenod.
P. 7, ADAMS, J., No. 2, for Anglica read Anglice.
P. IO, ALDRICH, R., last line but one, for eloqiuntise read eloquentice.
P. 12, ALFIELD, THOMAS. Mr. Richard Simpson wrote an article in The Rambler,
1857, vol. vii., entitled " The Martyrdom of Thomas Alfield," which is much
fuller than the account given by Challoner.
,, ALFORD, MICHAEL, S.J., vide Griffith.
P. 20, ALLEN, CARD., No. 3, line 3, for confessienn read confession.
,, No 3, line 6, for Lovanie recul Lovanii.
P. 21, No. 4, line 4, for Stapletono read Stapletonum.
,, No. 7, line 2, after quse insert Gregorio XIII. Pont. Max. Roma; et Remis pro
Anglis sunt instiluta.
,, One of the Cardinal's most interesting works has been omitted, "A Brief
Historic of the Glorious Martyrdome of XII. Reverend Priests, executed
within these twelve monethes for confession and defence of the Catholike
Faith but under the false pretence of Treason. With a note of sundrie things
that befel them in their life and imprisonment, and a Preface declaring their
innocency. Set forth by such as were much conversant with them in their
life, and present at their arraignment and death." Printed anno 1582, 8vo.,
vide Letters and Memorials of Card. Allen, p. 160 and note.
P. 21. No. 8, line 3, for propagnandam, crudissime read propugnandam crudelissime.
,, No. 10. "A True, Sincere, and Modest Defence of English Catholiques that
suffer for their Faith both at home and abrode. Against a false, seditious,
and slanderous Libel, intituled, The Execution of Justice in England.
Wherein is declared how unjustlie the Protestants doe charge Catholiques
with treason ; how untrulie they deny their persecution for Religion, and
how deceitfullie they seeke to abuse strangers about the cause, greatness, and
maner of their sufferings. With divers other matters perteining to this
purpose." Ingolst. 1584, Svo, title I f., preface 3 ff. pp. 219.
P. 22, Third paragraph, line 2, for exercitur read exercetur ; line 4,/of focisque read
forisque ; line 6, for Britannia read Britannica.
The " De Justitia" was not a translation of Allen's work, but was extracted
from Sanders' " De Visibile Monarchic," edited, it is said, by Dr. Richard
Barret. Pitts says that Allen's work was translated into Latin by
W. Reynolds, " Ad Persecutores," &c.
Third paragraph, line 7, for 1589 read 1588.
P. 23, No. 12, 4 lines from the end, omit perhaps the only one now in existence.
Tierney, vol. iii. p. 29, refers to having one himself, a transcript of which he
gives in the Appendix,~p. xliv. The "Admonition" was reprinted with a
preface by Eupalor, 1842, I2mo.
VOL. I. b
xviii ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
])ouai, 1881, 121110., with portrait of Card. Allen, and arms incorrectly drawn.
Perhaps the following should have been also noted : " The First and Second
Diaries of the English College, Douay, and an Appendix of unpublished
documents, edited by Fathers of the Congregation of the London Oratory,
with an Historical Introduction by Thomas Francis Knox, D.I)., Priest of
the same Congregation," Lond. 1878, 4to., being vol. i. of " Records of the
English Catholics under the Penal Laws. Chiefly from the Archives of the
See of Westminster."
P. 28, AMIIERST, Bishop, actually entered the Dominican novitiate, and though not
professed was clothed, and remained for a long time.
P. 31, ANDEKTON, DOROTHY, line 6, after estate insert towards their support.
P. 35, ANDERTON, LAWRENCE. Brereley's identity with Lawrence Anderton has here
been too confidently stated. It is only a conjecture and needs proof, though
it is absolutely certain that James Anderton, Esq., was not the author of the
works published under the alias of Brereley. It seems also beyond doubt
that Brereley was a name adopted by one of the Andertons, but they were
so numerous at this period, and so many of them were priests, that it is im
possible without stronger proof to fix the identity. The writer's impressions
were rather too hastily drawn from the prefaces of Brereley's and Lawrence
Anderton's works, and their similarity in style. A strong argument against
the assumption is that the Society, which has always kept such a careful
record of its authors, has never laid any claim to Brereley.
P. 37, No. 3. 1610 has been stated as the date of a first edition, but it is question
able if this is not a mistake for 1620 given as a second edition.
,, No. 4. This also was probably only printed in 1624.
P. 47, ANDREWS, W. E., line 5, after than insert that which would be necessary for.
P. 49, line 3, /or Dec. 31, 1842, ra^/Jan. i, 1846.
,, No. i, 7th paragraph, for i5th and last volume, Dec. 31, 1842, read 2ist
and last volume, Dec. 31, 1845. Tne volume closed as stated, but another
number was issued Jan. i, 1846, No. 538, vol. xxi., price 6</., in which
the Editor states that the Journal had been working at a loss, and he appeals
to the public for support, adding that its continuation depended upon the
demand for the next number (apparently that number), an increase in circu
lation of 300 being necessary to cover cost.
P. 52, vide Rev. J. Curr, p. 610, No. 4.
P. 54, AITLETON, JAMES, No. 2, line 4, for L'llomond read Lhomoml.
P. 59, ARNE, T. A., 6th line from bottom, for instructions read instruction.
P. 63, ARROWSMITH, E., No. 7, line i,for cruante read cruaute.
P. 66, ARTJNDEL, P. H., line 4 from bottom, _/>;- and read ad.
P. 67, No. i, reprinted 1610.
P. 81, The second paragraph should have run on to " Mary and Barbara," a fresh
paragraph commencing " The former."
P. 88, AUSTIN, J., line i,for cotemporary read contemporary.
,, Nos. 3 and 4. These two are the same work with different title-pages.
Part I. seems to have first appeared under the title, " Liberty of Conscience
Asserted ; or, Persecution for Religion Condemned by the Laws of God,
Nature, and Reason," sm. 410., 1649, pp. 6. Subsequently it appeared as
' ' The Christian Moderator, in Two Parts ; or, Persecution for Religion
Condemned by the Light of Nature, Law of God, Evidence of our own
Principles. With an Explanation of the Roman Catholick Belief concerning
these four points : Their Church, Worship, Justification, and Civill Govern
ment. The fourth edition." Lond., printed for II. J., 1652, I2mo.,
title i f., pp. 1-86 and 15-52, postscript I f., signed Will. Birchley. This,
it will be seen, is exactly the same as No. 4, with the title of "The
Catholiques Plea," first printed without date, and then as given. Under
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. xix
NII. 3 it is stated to have been again printed in 1653, but this should be
"The Christian Moderator, Third Part; or, The Oath of Abjuration
Arraigned by the Common Law and Common Sense, Antient and Modern
Acts of Parliament, Declarations of the Army, Law of God, and Consent of
Reformed Divines, and humbly submitted to receive Judgment from this
Honorable Representative." Lund., 1653, 410., title I f., p. 30, signed
Will. Birchley.
P. 89, line i, for Birkley read Birchley.
,, No. 5, add I2ino., pp. 96.
,, No. 7, published at Paris, 1668, I2mo.
,, No. 7, line 8, for 8vo. : raz</8vo.,
,, " ,, IO, for edition read edition."
P. 100, BAGGS, C, M., No. 7, line i,for sister 111 read sistema.
P. 104, BAILEY. T. He also wrote, "Golden Anophthegms of King Charles I.
and Henry, Marquis of Worcester," 1660, pp. 8.
P. 113, BAKER, D. A., 2nd paragraph, line <),for of read from,
P. 114, No. 2, line 8, for from read on.
P. 116, No. 35. To the literature of this subject must be added, "The Spiritual
Exercises of the most Virtuous and Religious D. Gertrude More, of the
Holy Order of St. Bennet, and English Congregation of our Ladies of
Comfort in Cambray. She called them ' Amor ordinem nescit,' and Idiot's
Devotions. Her only spiritual father and director, the Ven. Fa. Baker,
styled them ' Confessiones Am.intis,' A Lover's Confession," Paris, 1658,
I2mo., Ded. to the Rev. Mother Bridgit More, Prioress of the English
Benedictine Nuns of our Lady of Hope, Paris, by F. G. She was the great-
granddaughter of Sir Thomas More.
P. 121, BAMBER, E., 2nd paragraph, line 4, for were and their, read was anJliis.
P. 127, BARCLAY, J., No. 5, line 2, for Perente read Parente.
P. 134, BARLOW, Sir A., line 4, for in read among.
P. 138, BARNES, J., 3rd paragraph, line 3, for inference read evidence.
P. 154, BASSETT, J., No. i, to this must be added "An Eirenicon of the Eighteenth
Century. Proposal for Catholic Communion by a Minister of the Church
of England," &c. Loncl. 1879, 8vo.
P. 160, BEAUMONT, E. , 4th paragraph, line 2, read A subsequent possessor of the
title conformed, and deprived Mr. Beaumont of his house and chapel,
withdrawing all support from him.
P. 167, BEDINGFELD, F., 1st paragraph, line 5, for Abbey, read Abbey ;
P. 176, BELLAMY FAMILY. Much information relative to this family's sufferings for
religion's sake will be found in Fr. Morris' Troubles, Second Series, which
escaped notice when this memoir was written. Mrs. Bellamy was the widow
of William Bellamy, of Uxenden Manor, and daughter of William Forster,
of Cobdock, co. Suffolk. At the time referred to Uxenden was in the
possession of her eldest son William, and Jerome was her fifth and youngest
son. They were very much persecuted, and the charge of complicity in the
Babington plot was a mere excuse. She herself died a martyr's death in the
Tower of London, the hardships of which rendered a public execution un
necessary. Her third son, Bartholomew, shared her imprisonment in the
Tower, and gained with her the martyr's crown, for he died under torture in
that cruel place. The original papers published by Fr. Morris throw a very
different complexion on this melancholy affair than has hitherto been given.
P. 186, BERIXGTOX, C., last paragraph, line 6, for of the read at the.
P. 205, BETHAM, J., No. I, "A Sermon of the Epiphany, preached in the Queen
Dowager's Chappel, at Somerset House, upon the Twelfth Day, Jan. the 6th,
1686. By John Betham, Dr. of Sorbon, and Preacher in Ordinary to his
Majesty." Lond., Matt. Turner, 1687, 4to., title I f., pp. 34, errata i p.
P. 217, BISHOP, E.,No. i. This notice has got strangely confused. The Dentscliland
was a German vessel wrecked on the English coast in 18751 bearing away
xx ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
some exiled German nuns, who were drowned. Their bodies were recovered,
and a dirge was sung at Stratford, at which Cardinal Manning preached.
This incident reminded the Rev. H. Van Doorne, of Brixton Rise, London,
S.W. , of the history of Elizabeth Bishop and her companions, and h- wrote
a letter toT/ie Tablet, entitled " A Remarkable Parallel. The Wreck of the
Deutschland."
P. 218, BISHOP, G., No, 2, line i, for Compagner read Campagne. The book is the
" Way to instruct the Poor of the Country," i.e., the country poor, as dis
tinct from the poor of the cities and towns.
No. 4 was published the year following Mr. Bishop's death, 1769.
P. 277, BOURCHIER, T., No. 2, line i,for Orationum read Orationem.
P. 285, BOYLE, RICHARD, Rev. Three years after Andrews' Orthodox Journal had
been discontinued, it was revived by Mr. Boyle under the title "The
Weekly and Monthly Orthodox. A Catholic Journal of Correspondence
and Literature," published by M. Andrews, Duke Street, Little Britain,
London, and edited by the Rev. Richard Boyle, 8vo., double columns,
price ^d. It was a well got-up publication, with illustrations and a weekly
calendar, commencing Jan. 6 and ending July 28, 1849, when it was united
with The Weekly Register, the successor of Dolman's Magazine, which
made its first appearance Aug. 4, 1849, published by Thomas Booker, and
edited by Rev, Edward Price.
Mr. Boyle was the priest at Islington, where he built the presbytery, for
which he claimed compensation when he was removed. The following
pamphlets were published on the subject :
j. Correspondence between Cardinal Wiseman and the Rev. Richard
Boyle in Reference to his Removal from the Catholic Church of
St. John's, Islington. Lond. 1853, 8vo.
2. Report of the Trial at Guildford. Lond. 1854, 8vo.
3. Report of the Trial at Kingston. Lond. 1855, 8vo.
4. Full Statement of the Causes. Lond. 1855, 8vo.
P. 302, BRISTOW, R., No. 2, line 7, /or degnus read dignus.
P. 313, BROOK, B., No. i, first edition said to be 1649 ; others 1714 and 1741.
No. 2, an edition 1631 ; that of 1634 has only three tomes. The later editions
have five.
P. 325, BROWN, T. J., No. 2, line i,for Daubury read Daubeny.
P. 368, BYFLEET, JOHN EDWARD, O.S.B., vide Worsley.
P. 437, CATHERINE OF ARRAGON, No. 5, edited by N. Pocock.
P. 544, COLLINS, Rev. Dr., about the time of the French Revolution established a
school at Harrow, and in 1806 removed to Southall Park, nine miles from
London, where he had about twenty boys. He had two assistant masters,
one of whom, for some years, was the Rev. John Chetwode Eustace, the
author of " The Classical Tour." Dr. Collins maintained his school at
Southall Park until about 1830. It seems to have been held in high esti
mation. (Gillow, "Cath. Schools in Eng.," MS.)
P. 571, CORKER, J. M. The following anonymous pamphlets were written by this
learned Benedictine, who probably was the author of many others not
recorded.
7. " Queries to Dr. Sacheverell from North Britain," s.l. aut an., 410., pp. 8.
Henry Sacheverell, D.D., was suspended by the House of Lords, in
1710, for preaching and printing two sermons in the preceding year,
which attacked Low Churchmen and Dissenters. Many tracts were
written on the subject. Walpole, Earl of Orford, wrote " Four Letters
to a Friend in North Britain upon the publishing the Tryal of Dr. Sache-
vell." Lond. 1710, 4to. This tract does not refer to Fr. Corker's.
8. " A Rational Account given by a Young Gentleman to his Uncle of the
Motives and Reasons why lie is become a Roman Catholick, and why
he now Declines any farther Disputes or Contests about Matters of
Religion," s.l., aut an., 410., pp. 8.
BIOGRAPHICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL
DICTIONARY
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
Abbot, Augustine or John, alias Rivers, priest and
confessor of the Faith, a native of London, born in 1588, was
ordained priest at Douay in 1612, when he left the college to
enter the Society of Jesus. He was sent to the English
mission in 1615. After 1621 his name disappears from the
catalogues of the Jesuits, and it seems probable that he left the
Society about this time. On Dec. 8, 1641, he was condemned
with six other priests, at the sessions held at the Old Bailey,
to be hanged, drawn, and quartered, for being a priest, and they
were to have been executed on the i3th of the same month.
They were, however, reprieved by the king in spite of the
strenuous opposition of both Houses of Parliament, but were
all suffered to linger away their lives in Newgate. The date of
Mr. Abbot's death is not recorded.
Clicilloner, Memoirs; Foley, Records, S.J., Collectanea.
i. Jesus Prsefigured ; or, a Poeme of the Holy Name of Jesus,
in Five Bookes. Permissu Superiorum. 1623. 410. Dedicated to
Prince Charles. Prefixed is also a letter in Spanish by the same person :
" A la Serenisima Seiiora Dofia Maria de Austria, Infante de Ispana, Princesa
de Gales," dated from the Convent of St. John the Baptist at Antwerp,
Nov. 12, 1623. This date proves that the news of the breaking off of the royal
match had riot reached Antwerp at that date, and readily accounts for the
work not being continued through the last three books. Charles left Madrid,
Sept. 8, o.s. 1623.
The work abounds with references to the English martyrs and persons of
distinction.
Abbot, Henry, martyr, a yeoman and zealous convert, who
lived at Holden, in Yorkshire, was put to death on account of
VOL. I. B
2 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
his religion at York, Nov. 29, 1596. Dodd, on the authority of
Dr. Worthington's Catalogue of Martyrs, gives the date of his
death as 1595, and states that he was convicted for assisting
and relieving missioners.
C/ialloner, Memoirs ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Abel, or Able, Thomas, D.D., was educated at Oxford,
where he took his degrees in Arts, in 1516, and was afterwards
created D.D. He is described as a learned man, well versed
in modern languages, and also a proficient master of instru
mental music. These qualifications introduced him to Court,
and he was appointed domestic chaplain to Queen Catharine,
wife of Henry VIII. The affection he bore towards his
mistress led him into the dangerous controversies of the times.
He opposed the divorce, both by word and pen, but unfortunately
was misled by the delusions of Elizabeth Barton, called the
Holy Maid of Kent, and he incurred a misprision. He was
afterwards condemned to die, and was executed at Smithfield,
July 30, 1540, together with Dr. Edward Powel and Dr.
Richard Fetherstone, for denying the ecclesiastical supremacy
of the king, and affirming his marriage with Queen Catharine
to be good.
Three Lutheran divines suffered at the same time and
place.
From these and such like inconsistent executions during the
reign of Henry VIII., it is hard to say who were most in his
favour, Catholics or Reformers, and where to fix his religion.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
i. Tractattts de non dissolvendo Henrici et Catharina Matri-
monis. 1534.
Abell, John, musician, was attached to the royal chapel in
the reigns of Charles II. and James II., but after the Revolu
tion of 1688, he was discharged on account of his religion.
Thereupon he went abroad,, and distinguished himself by
singing in public in Holland, at Hamburg, and other, places. In
1701 he published at Londoa a collection of songs, with a
dedication to William III. Towards the end of Queen
Anne's reign he was at Cambridge with his lute, but met
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 3
with little encouragement. How long he lived afterwards is
not known.
Cooper, Biog. Diet.
2. Songs, ded. to William III. Lond. 1701.
Ackrick, or Ackrige, John, priest, was born at Richmond,
in Yorkshire, where he was brought up. He was a good
musician and Latin scholar, and was for some time a Protestant
curate. He was eventually reconciled to the Church, and
appears to have served the mission in the neighbourhood of his
native town, where he was apprehended, in his sister's house,
tried by his kinsman, an alderman of Richmond, and was com
mitted for being a priest to York Castle. Here, though infirm
and weak, he was put in irons, being subsequently removed to
the North Block-house and Castle of Hull, where he remained
in prison until his death, March 2, 1585.
Records S.J. vol. iii. p. 232.
Acrick, or Ackerige, Sir Thomas, O.S.F., renouncing
the world, was ordained priest, and apparently served the
mission in his native county, Yorkshire, where he was appre
hended and committed to York Castle. Fr. Grene relates in
his MS., that even while in prison he strictly observed the
rules of his Order. He was removed from York Castle to the
North Block-house, Castle of Hull, where he remained for some
time until his death, about 1583.
Foley, Records SJ. vol. iii.
Acton, Charles Januarius, Cardinal, was the second son
of Sir John Francis Acton, Bart., and was born at Naples,
March 6, 1803. The family was a cadet branch of the Actons
of Aldenham Hall, near Bridgnorth, in Shropshire, and had
settled in Naples some time before the Cardinal's birth. His
father was engaged in the Neapolitan service when he succeeded
to the family estate and title on the death of his cousin, Sir
Richard Acton, Bart. The education of the future Cardinal
was in great measure English ; for though he learnt his rudi
ments from M. De Masnod, afterwards Bishop of Marseilles,
upon the death of his father, in 1 8 1 1, he was sent with his elder
brother, Sir Ferdinand Richard Edward Acton, to a school kept
B 2
4 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
by the Abbe Oueque, at Parson's Green, near London. His
guardians then removed the two Actons to Westminster School,
upon an understanding that their religion should not be inter
fered with ; but difficulties arose on this score which soon obliged
their being removed, and they were placed in a Protestant school
at Isleworth. They next were sent to reside with a Protestant
clergyman in Kent, the Rev. Mr. Jones, as private pupils. After
this, in 1819, they went to Cambridge, and became, under Dr.
Neville, inmates of Magdalen College, where the future Cardinal
finished his secular education in 1823. The reader will allow
that this was a very unusual preparation for the Roman purple.
He now, in 1823, proceeded to Rome, and entered the College
of the Academia Ecclesiastica, where ecclesiastics, intending to
be candidates for public offices, receive a special training. Here
Acton distinguished himself by his piety and assiduity, having,
besides the common lectures, the assistance of a private tutor,
in Professor (afterwards Cardinal) Fornari. One of his proba-
tional essays attracted such attention from the Secretary of State,
Delia Somaglia, that Pope Leo XII. made him one of his
chamberlains, and sent him as an attache to the Nunciature of
Paris. Here he had the best possible opportunity of becoming
thoroughly acquainted with diplomacy. Pius VIII. recalled
him to Italy, and named him Vice-legate, giving him a choice
of any out of the four legations over which Cardinals presided.
This was quite a new office, and MonsSgnor Acton selected
Bologna, as affording him the best opportunities for improve
ment. Here he became acquainted with the whole system of
provincial administration, and the application of civil law. He
was, however, but a short time there, for at the close of that
brief Pontificate he left the city, before the unexpected revolu
tion broke out. He was in England again in 1829, to marry
his only sister Elizabeth to Sir Robert Throckmorton. By
Gregory XVI. he was made an assistant-judge in the civil court
of Rome ; and secretary to a most important congregation, or
council, for the maintenance of religious discipline. But in
Jan. 1837, to his own astonishment and dismay, he was ap
pointed to the highest dignity in Rome, after the cardinalate,
that of Auditor to the Apostolic Chamber. Probably it was
the first time that so responsible a post, generally conferred on
a prelate of great judicial experience and of long standing, had
been offered to a foreigner. Acton refused it, but was obliged
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 5
to yield to a sovereign command. This office is considered as
necessarily leading to a place in the Sacred College ; so that
when Cardinal Weld died in the April following Acton's pro
motion, it could hardly be matter of conjecture that his turn
was not far distant. The death of his elder brother, Sir
Ferdinand Acton, of Aldenham, brought him to England in
1837, for a short time, in order to settle family matters, which
he did in the most generous manner. He was proclaimed
Cardinal Priest, with the title of Santa Maria della Pace,
Jan. 24, 1842, having been created nearly three years previous.
His health, never strong, soon began to decline ; a prolonged
attack of ague weakened him till he was unable to shake it
oft', and he sought refuge, first at Palermo, then in Naples, his
native city. But it was too late ; and he expired there June 23,
1847. Many who saw him knew little of his sterling worth.
So gentle, so modest, so humble was he, so little in his own
esteem, that his solid judgment, extensive acquirements, and
even more ornamental accomplishments, were not easily elicited
by a mere visitor or casual guest. It used to be said by those
who knew him in early youth, that his musical powers and genial
wit used to form, combined, an inexhaustible fund of innocent
cheerfulness ; and certainly his countenance seemed to have
retained the impression of a natural humour that could have
been easily brought into play. But this was overruled by the
pressure of more serious occupation and the adoption of a more
spiritual life.
The soundness of his judgment and his legal knowledge
were fully recognized by the Bar, for it was familiarly said
by advocates of the first rank, that if they could only know
M. Acton's view of a case they could make sure of what
would be its ultimate decision. In like manner, when he was
officially consulted on important ecclesiastical business, and
gave his opinion in writing, this was so explicit, clear, and
decisive, that Pope Gregory used to say that he had never
occasion to read anything of his twice over.
The greatest proof which the Pope could well have given him of
his confidence was to select him, as he did, to be his interpreter
and only witness, in the important interview between him and
the Emperor of Russia. Of what took place at it, not a word
was ever breathed by the Cardinal beyond this, that when he
had interpreted the Pope's first sentence, the Emperor turned
6 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
to him in the most respectful and finished manner, and said,
" It will be agreeable to me if your Eminence will act as my
interpreter also." Immediately after the conference, Cardinal
Acton wrote down, at the Pope's request, a minute account of
it, but he never allowed it to be seen.
The King of Naples came to Rome principally to provide a
good bishop for his metropolis, and pressed acceptance of the
See on Cardinal Acton, who, however, inexorably refused it.
When a lamentable accident deprived the then reigning family
of France of its first-born, the bereaved mother wrote to him
as a friend in whom she could confide, to tell her griefs and
hopes, and obtain through him what could alleviate her
sorrows.
As to his charities, they were so unbounded, that he wrote
from Naples that he had actually tasted the distress which he
had often sought to lighten in others. He may be said to
have departed hence in all the wealth of a willing poverty.
Card. Wiseman, Recollections of the Last Four Popes.
i. A Portrait, by T. Uwins, R.A., engr. by A. Periam, was inserted in
the Catholic Directory of 1843, with a biographical sketch, "Card. Acton,
aetat. 27."
Acton, Joseph, was the son of a physician, of the family
of Acton of Aldenham, in Shropshire, and was born at Besan9on
in 1737. He entered into the French navy, and afterwards
that of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. His rescuing of 4,000
Spaniards from the Barbary corsairs made him known at the
Court of Naples, and through the patronage of the queen he
became Minister of the Marine, and afterwards of the Finances.
He was dismissed from the Ministry in 1803, and retired into
Sicily, where he died in 1808.
Gates, Diet, of Gen. Biog.
Acton, Thomas, priest, martyr ; vide Holford.
Adams, James, Father S.J., born in England, 1737 ;
entered the Society at Watten, 1756 ; and taught humanities
at St. Omer's College with great success. He was missioner
at Aston, Stafford, in 1773, and after pursuing the quiet tenor
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 7
of his way as a missionary for many years, he retired to Dublin
in Aug. 1802, and died there Dec. 6 following, aged 65.
Oliver, Collections ; Foley, Records S.J., Collectanea.
1. Early Rules for taking a Likeness. With plates. From the
French of Bonamici. Lond. 1792. Svo. pp. 59.
2. Oratio Academica, Anglica et Latine conscripta. Lond. 1793.
Svo. pp. 21.
3. Euphonologia Linguse Anglicanse, Latine et Gallice Scripta.
Lond. 1794. Svo. pp. 190. Inscribed to the Royal Societies of Berlin and
London. The author was honoured with the thanks of the Royal Society,
London.
4. Rule Britannia ; or, the Flattery of Free Subjects para
phrased, and expounded. To which is added an Academical
Discourse in English and Latin. Lond. 1796. Svo. pp. 60.
5. A Sermon Preached at the Catholic Chapel of St. Patrick,
Sutton Street, Soho Square, on Wednesday, the 7th of March,
the Day of Public Fast. Lond. 1798. Svo. pp. 34.
6. The Pronunciation of the English Language vindicated
from imputed Anomaly and Caprice ; in two Parts, with an
Appendix. Edin. 1799. Svo. pp. 164.
This work, according to Park, contains " many ingenious remarks on
languages and dialects, though the style of the writer is characterized by
much whimsical eccentricity."
7. From a letter of his friend, John Moir, dated Edinburgh, Nov. u,
I So i, as well as from the reply to it, it is obvious that Father Adams con
templated publishing his Tour Through the Hebrides.
8. Dr. Oliver seemed to think he was the author of three works : " The
Elements of Reading," 1791; of "Useful Knowledge," 1793; and "A
View of Universal History," 1795 ; but these are the works of the Rev.
John Adams, M.A.
Adams, John, priest and martyr, was born at Martin's
Town, Dorset, and from a Calvinist minister became a fervent
Catholic. He was ordained priest at Rheims, and returned
home a missionary in 1581. Apprehended, he was im
prisoned and banished, in 1585, but returning to England he
again fell into the persecutors' hands, and on Oct. 8, 1586,
expiated, by a glorious death at Tyburn, that crime of high
treason affixed by English law to the character and functions
of a priest.
Hampshire was the chief arena of his apostolic labours,
and Fr. Warford, S.J., who had known him, relates that he was
of the middle size, apparently about 40 years of age, had a
darkish beard, cheerful countenance, black eyes, ready speech,
b BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
and was " ingenii simplicis et admodum pii : laboriosus
imprimis."
Ckalloiier, Memoirs ; Oliver, Collections.
Adamson, Robert Vincent, O.P., was born about Nov.
1799, at Freckleton, in Lancashire, being descended from an
ancient yeomanry family, originally settled at Goosnargh,
which constantly figures in the Recusant Rolls from the time
of Elizabeth to the reign of George I. He was professed at
Hinckley, July 3, 1817, and taught at Bornhem for two years
from the following September. He then studied at Mechlin,
and was ordained priest June I, 1823. Returning to Hinckley,
he taught there for about two years, and was then appointed
assistant priest of the Sisters at Hartpury Court. He died
there, May 12, 1831, aged 32, and was buried in Hartpury
churchyard.
Palmer, Obit. Notices O.S.D.
i. Remarks on a Discourse entitled " The Church of England
and the Church of Rome, compared with the Gospel of Christ,"
&c., preached in the Church of St. John the Baptist, at Glouces
ter, by the Rev. Hen. Wintle, M. A., Lecturer, Cheltenham. Lond.
1829. 8vo. pp. 58.
Adelham, or Adland, John Placid, O.S.B., was born
in Wiltshire, and from a Protestant minister became a monk of
the venerable Order of St. Bennet. He was professed at St.
Edmund's Monastery, Paris, in 1652. He was Prior of St.
Laurence's Monastery at Dieulward from 1659 to 1661, and
was sent to England and stationed at Somerset House from
1 66 1 to 1675. In the latter year he was banished, but return
ing to England, became one of the victims of the infamous
Gates' Plot, and was tried and condemned to death merely as
a priest, Jan. 17, 1678-9. He was reprieved, but was detained
in prison in Newgate, where he died between 1681 and 1685.
He was a great reader and admirer of the works of St.
Augustin.
CJialloner, Memoirs ; Snow, Bened. Necrology.
Adolph, William, Esq., a merchant of Great St. Helen's,
married, in 1840, Maria Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Mr.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 9
Richard Brown, the eminent Catholic publisher of London, and
died at his residence, Maitland Park, Haverstock Hill, June 22,
1868, aged 58.
1. The Simplicity of the Creation; concise view of Mr.
Adolpli's new theory of the Solar System, Thunderstorms, Water
spouts, &e. Liverpool, 1856, i6mo. ; Lond. 1859, Svo. ; 1861 and 1864.
2. The Origin and Character of the Holy Scriptures. Lond.
1866. Svo.
3. The Stranger's Guide at High Mass. Lond. (Derby printed),
roy. 321110. pp. 43, with Address to the Protestant reader.
Agar, William Seth, divine, was born near York, on
Christmas-day 1815. He was educated at Prior Park, where
he was ordained priest, and was appointed to succeed the Rev.
William Joseph Vaughan as incumbent of Lyme, Dorsetshire,
in the midsummer of 1845.
Ill-health at length compelled him to retire from his mission,
and for a short time he supplied at Salisbury. On his recovery
he resumed his pastoral duties at Lyme, from which he was
transferred to Spetisbury, on account of Lyme disagreeing
with him.
In 1852 he was appointed chaplain to the canonesses of St.
Augustine at Abbotsleigh, and four years later he was installed
Canon of the Plymouth chapter in the room of Canon Tilbury,
deceased. He died Aug. 23, 1872, in the 57th year of his
age, the 3<Dth of his priesthood, and the 2Oth of his residence
at St. Augustine's Priory.
Canon Agar was a deep thinker, rather than a great reader ;
for though he had studied many theological and philosophical
works, and had carefully annotated all the published writings
of Rosmini, his favourite author, yet he had the faculty of
seizing upon the thoughts rather than the words of the authors
he consulted, and thus making them a portion of his own mind.
Perhaps, hardly a priest in England was more deeply versed in
ascetical and mystical theology, or had had more experience
in the operations of grace in souls.
Oliver, Collections Can. Brownlow, Tablet ', Sept. 7, 1872.
1. A Catholic Catechism, methodically arranged for the use of
the Uninstructed. Lond. 1849, 32010. A trans, from the Italian of Dr.
Rosmini Serbati.
2. Annotations on the Works of Bosmini. MSS.
IO BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Ainsworth, Sophia Magdalene, in religion Sister Mary
Anne Liguori of Jesus Crucified, O.SS.R., was the daughter
of John Hanmer, Esq., and sister of Sir Thomas Hanmer, of
Bettisfield Park, Shropshire. She was born at Hanmer, in
Flintshire, July 22, 1819; and, in 1839, married John Lees
Ainsworth, Esq., of Oldham, co. Lancaster.
Shortly after her marriage, like so many others at the com
mencement of what is known as the Tractarian movement, she
was led to study the truth of the Catholic religion, in total
ignorance of which she had of course been brought up.
Whilst harassed with doubts, and suffering at the same time
from other trials, she came across the little treatise on Con
formity to the Holy Will of God by St. Alphonsus. This
work made a great impression on her. Somewhat later she
attended a course of instructions, by Fr. (Cardinal) Newman, at
the Oratory, King William Street, which resulted in her con
version.
She was received into the Church, by Fr. Newman, June 14,
1850.
She induced her husband to allow her five children to be
educated as Catholics, and twenty years later Mr. Ainsworth
himself was received into the Church, a short time before his
death in 1871.
Several Catholic missions owe their foundations to Mrs.
Ainsworth : Upton, in Worcestershire, Denbigh, &c.
After her husband's death, on Sept. 22, 1872, she entered the
Convent of the Redemptorists in Dublin, and on May 19, in
the following year, she received the habit.
Family difficulties obliged her to return for some time into
the world, but she returned, in June 1875, when the Redemp
torists removed from their temporary dwelling to the Monastery
at Clonliffe West. Here she was professed, Sept. 1876, and
died April I, 1882.
The Tablet, April, 1882.
Aldricli, Robert, Bishop of Carlisle, a native of Burn-
ham, in Buckinghamshire, was elected from Eton to King's
College, Cambridge, in 1507. Here he became acquainted
with Erasmus, who in one of his epistles calls him " blandae
eloqiuntiae Juvenis," and accompanied him on his famous pil
grimage to Walsingham in 1511.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. I I
He was B.A. 1511-12 ; M.A. 1515 ; and Master of Eton
School from the latter year to I 5 1 8. In I 5 1 7 a special grace
passed that he might be B.D. within two years, but he was not
admitted to that degree within the prescribed period. He was
a university preacher in 1523, and one of the proctors of the
university in the year following. He was employed by the
university to write certain letters to the king in 1527, and
was collated to the prebend of Centum Solidorum in the church
of Lincoln, July 18, 1528, but exchanged it for that of Decem
Librarum in the same church, Jan. I 528-9. He was a member
of the Convocation in I 5 29, when the great case of the king's
divorce was agitated, and in the same year was incorporated
at Oxford in the degree of B.D., which he had previously taken
at Cambridge.
In 1530 he commenced D.D. at Oxford, and was nominated
by the Crown to the Archdeaconry of Colchester, Dec. 30,
1531. Two years later he accompanied the Duke of Norfolk
and others on an embassy to the King of France and the Pope ;
and May 13, 1534, was constituted Registrar of the Order of
the Garter and Canon of Windsor. He was elected Provost of
Eton College, June 21, 1536 ; became Almoner to Queen Jane
Seymour ; and was nominated Bishop of Carlisle, June 1 8,
1537. He seems to have run with the times, but eventually
died in communion with the Catholic Church. In 1539 he is
found vigorously supporting the Bill of the Six Articles in the
House of Lords ; and in the following year he was one of many
eminent divines whom the king appointed to compare the rites
and tenets of the Church with the Scriptures and ancient
writers. He complied with all the subsequent changes of
religion, and in the reign of Mary acted as a commissioner
for the suppression of heresies ; and took a part in the pro
ceedings against Bishop Hooper, Dr. Rowland Taylor, Dr.
Crome, John Rogers, and other Protestants.
He died at Horncastle, Lincolnshire, March 5, 1555-6, and
was there buried.
His learning is highly extolled by Erasmus and Leland.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Cooper, AtJi, Cantab.
1. Epigrammata varia in Herman's Antibossicon.
2. Epistola ad Guliel. Hermanum, in Latin verse, prefixed to the
same author's Vulgaria, 1521. 4to.
A satire upon R. Whittington.
12 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
3. The Register of the most noble Order of the Garter, com
monly called the Black Book, published by John Anstis, Garter,
1724, fol.
Mr. Anstis, however, speaks disparagingly of this work, which he says is
full of mistakes, and he terms its author a credulous antiquary.
4. Several treatises against Rob.Whittington. Dodd, Certamen Utriusque,
mentions one on the Real Presence.
Alfield, Thomas, priest, martyr, was born in Gloucester
shire, and studied his divinity in the English College then at
Rheims, where he was ordained priest in 1581, and sent upon
the English mission.
Shortly after his arrival in England he appears to have been
arrested and thrown into prison, where he is found in April,
1582. In the latter part of the following year, or the beginning
of i 5 84, Cecil published his work, entitled " The Execution of
Justice, &c., or, Justitia Britannica." The drift of this .book
was to persuade the world that the Catholics who had suffered
in England since the Queen's accession to the throne, had not
suffered for religion, but for treason. This work was imme
diately answered by Dr. Allen, who thoroughly exposed the
glaring untruths of the Lord Treasurer. But people in power
will not submit to be told they lie ; and therefore Mr. Alfield,
who had found means to import into the kingdom some copies
of Dr. Allen's " Modest Answer to the English Persecutors,"
and had dispersed them, with the help of Thomas Webley,
a dyer, was called to account, with Vvebley also ; and both
were most cruelly tortured in prison. This was done in order
to make them reveal the names of the persons to whom the
books had been distributed. They were afterwards brought to
trial, and condemned July 5, and suffered at Tyburn on the
following day, 1585.
They were offered their lives if they would renounce the
Pope and acknowledge the Queen's ecclesiastical supremacy,
but they refused to do so.
CJialloner, Memoirs.
Alford, Thomas, Father S. J., is referred to by De Backer
as publicly defending tJicses in the Jesuit College at Rome in
1622, but his name does not appear in Bro. Foley's Collec
tanea S.J. of the English Province.
De Backer, BibliotJieque des Ecrivains de la Compagnie de Jesus.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 13
i. Rosa veralla sive de laudibus Illmi. Principis Fabritii Card.
Veralli Odse tres. A. Martino, Tondo Acad. Parth. dedicatae dum
publice de philosophia disputaret in Collegio Bom. Societatis
Jesu. Bomse, Typis Jacob! Mascardi, 1622. Superiorum Permissu.
4to., title, pp. 1 6.
Alice, Dame, vide Alice Harrison.
Allanson, George, priest, is alluded to by Gee, in 1624,
as a Jesuit and author of the under-mentioned work, but he was
either incorrect, or the name was a pseudonym, for it is not met
with in the diaries of the various colleges, or the clergy lists.
Gee, Foot out of the Snare, 1624.
i. Of the Conversion of Nations, of the Miracles, of the Mar
tyrdoms, and of the Union of the Members of the Catholic
Church. By George Allanson, Jesuit.
Allanson, Peter Athanasius, O.S.B., was born at
London, in 1805, and was educated at Ampleforth College,
where he was professed June 2, 1821. He was distinguished
in youth for his love of historical studies. It was during the
time that he was teaching at Ampleforth that his predilection
for historical research brought him into close relationship with
Dr. Lingard, the historian.
Dr. Lingard's History of England was given to the world
during the years 181925, and the learned historian availed
himself considerably of the services of Fr. Allanson, whose
leisure for study and opportunity for research made him a
valued friend.
He was ordained priest in 1828, and shortly after left
Ampleforth for the mission at Swinburne, in Northumber
land.
Here he resided without interruption for forty-seven years.
In 1854 he was made a member of the General Chapter, the
legislative body of the Benedictine Order, and four years later
he was elected Provincial of York, an office which he retained
until his death, having been re-elected four times. He was
made Cathedral Prior of Norwich in 1862, and Abbot of
Glastonbury in 1874.
He died at Swinburne, Jan. 13, 1876, aged 71.
The Tablet, Jan. 22, 1876 ; Snow, Bcned. Necrology.
14 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
I. He left, in MS., an historical work containing a great amount of unique
and valuable information respecting the Catholic Church in England since
the Reformation.
Allen, John, priest, was executed at Tyburn, in the com
mencement of the year 1538, for refusing to subscribe to the
ecclesiastical supremacy of Henry VIII.
Stow, Chronicles; Catli. Mag. 1832.
Allen, William, Cardinal, was born in i 532, at Rossall, in
Lancashire, the year in which Henry VIII. secretly married
Anne Boleyn, Queen Catharine being alive, and no sentence of
divorce pronounced. It was in this same year that Archbishop
Warham died, and Cranmer was nominated by the king as his
successor in the See of Canterbury. William Allen was the third
son of John Allen, of Rossall, in Lancashire, a Grange belong
ing to the Abbey of Dieulacres, in Leicestershire, which is said
to have been originally leased to his ancestors by one Ralph
Allen, some time abbot of that monastery. His mother was
Jane, daughter of Thomas Lister, of Arnold Biggin, Westby,
in Yorkshire, ancestor of the Lords Ribblesdale, a woman of
great virtue, and very highly connected.
In 1547, the year in which Henry VIII. died, William
Allen went up to Oriel College, Oxford. He became Bachelor
of Arts in 1550, and in the same year was unanimously elected
Fellow of his college. His tutor at Oxford was the Rev.
Morgan Philipps, a man famed for his skill in disputation and
his attachment to the Catholic faith, who afterwards co
operated with his friend and former pupil in the establishment
of the Seminary at Douay.
At Queen Mary's accession Allen resolved to dedicate
himself to the ecclesiastical state ; and, after seven years spent
in literary and philosophical studies, took the degree of Master
of Arts, July 16, 1554. In 1556 he was chosen Principal of
St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, and in that year, as well as in the
following one, filled the office of Proctor in the university.
In the last year of the reign of Queen Mary he was made
Canon of York, but the abolition of the Catholic religion
in England by her successor, Queen Elizabeth, changed the
tenor of his fortunes, and Allen was one of the first who forsook
his preferments. Though he resigned the office of Principal of
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 15
St. Mary's Hall, it was still possible for him to continue to
reside at Oxford, where conformity with the new religion was at
first sparingly enforced. But the zeal which he showed for the
Catholic faith in winning back the fallen, and in encouraging to
perseverance those who were steadfast, gave such offence to the
civil authorities, that he was soon obliged to leave England for
the Continent. He crossed over to Flanders in 1561, and took
up his abode at the university of Louvain, where he found
many of his countrymen who had preceded him. Here he
continued his theological studies, and at the same time com
posed the first draft of a treatise on Purgatory, in English,
which he published some years later. He also acted as tutor to
a young English gentleman, Christopher Blount, who became
well known in after years at the Court of Queen Elizabeth, and
died in 1600, on the scaffold, for his share in the conspiracy of
the Earl of Essex, About this time Allen's health suffered so
severely from his attendance on his pupil during a dangerous
illness, that he was advised to revisit his native county of
Lancaster as the only hope of saving his life. He spent
three years in England, from 1562 to 1565, and though he had
not yet received priest's orders, devoted himself, as soon as his
health permitted it, to the work of fortifying in the faith all
whom he could influence, and especially of urging upon them
the duty of abstaining from all communication with heretics in
the Protestant worship by law established. The success which
attended his labours was so great in Lancashire, that he was
compelled before long to provide for his safety by leaving
for a distant county. His new place of abode was not far from
Oxford, and the neighbourhood of the university, where he had
many friends, opened to him a fresh field for his zeal. He also
employed his time in writing two controversial treatises in
English on the Priesthood and on Indulgences, which he after
wards published at Louvain. But he was once more obliged to
seek a new place of refuge, and this time he found shelter in the
county of Norfolk, in the family of the Duke of Norfolk, who,
though himself a Protestant, gave protection to several learned
Catholics.
Allen continued his labours for souls in the Duke's house
and the neighbourhood, and succeeded in bringing back some
wanderers to the Church. It was while living here that he wrote
the short tract concerning the Notes of the Catholic Faith. But
1 6 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
the vigour with which it was written, and the wide circulation it
obtained, stirred up such hostility against him, that he was
advised to leave England.
He therefore retired once more to the Low Countries in
1565, and after being ordained priest at Malines, where he had
previously received all the other Orders, occupied himself with
teaching theology, in a convent of the same city. After spend
ing two years in Flanders, Allen set out in the autumn of 1567
on a pilgrimage to Rome in the company of his old master,
Morgan Philipps, and Dr. Vendeville, at that time Regius Pro
fessor of Canon Law in the university of Douay, and afterwards
bishop of Tournay.
Dr. Vendeville's object was to lay before the Pope a project
for the conversion of the infidels, or, according to another
account, for the relief of slaves out of Barbary. He was un
successful, for the Pope was too much occupied with other more
weighty matters, and in the spring he returned with Allen to
Belgium in a somewhat despondent frame of mind, and on the
journey disclosed by degrees to his companion the subject of his
grief. Allen at once seized the opportunity of giving Dr. Vende
ville's zeal a new direction. He pointed out to him the great
needs of the Catholics in the Netherlands and England, and
showed him how much easier, and at the same time more useful,
it would be to succour them. He spoke more particularly of
the danger which threatened the Church in England, through
the dying out of the ancient priests, and suggested as a remedy
for the evil the foundation of a college for English students
abroad. His aim was first, to enable English students abroad
to have the benefit of collegiate training ; secondly, to form a
body of learned priests capable of restoring the Catholic religion
in England whenever circumstances should permit ; thirdly, to
instruct in their religion English youths who might come for
their education to the college. The missionary work in England
was an after-thought. It seemed hopeless to train priests for
the English mission while the power was in the hands of heretics.
But man proposes, and God disposes. Allen's plans, set forth
with that persuasive eloquence of which he was a master, made
a deep impression on Dr. Vendeville, who thenceforward left
nothing undone to procure their realization. The newly
founded university in which Dr. Vendeville was professor seemed
in every way a suitable place for the establishment of a college
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. I/
or house of studies. It was situated at Douay, an ancient and
fortified town in the province of Artois, and in the midst of a
people which throughout the religious troubles of the Nether
lands never wavered in their firm attachment to the Catholic
faith. Allen, therefore, proceeded to Douay, and forthwith
began to put into execution the plan which he had formed for
the establishment of a college or house of studies in the uni
versity. On Michaelmas-day, 1568, with the approbation of
Dr. Matthew Galen, Chancellor of the University, he took
possession of a large house which he had hired near the
theological schools, and began to live there in collegiate form
with a few students, English and Belgian, whom he had invited
to join him in his undertaking. The new foundation had no
revenues except the alms which Dr. Vendeville obtained for it
from the abbots of St. Vaast, of Arras, Anchin and Marchiennes,
and the charitable contributions of some other benefactors.
The names of those who began the work with Allen on
Michaelmas-day, 1568, are worthy of record. The first was
Richard Bristow, Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, who was the
first of the students ordained priest, and who was prefect of
studies from that time until his death. The next was John
Marshall, Fellow of New College, Oxford, and Bachelor of Canon
and Civil Law in that university. The third was Edward Risden,
M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford ; the fourth, John White,
afterwards D.D. ; and the other two were Belgians, who did
not remain long on account of the poverty of the living.
Others soon joined them, mostly Oxford men, and it must not
be forgotten that Morgan Philipps, Allen's old tutor at Oxford,
came to reside in the college from its commencement, and
besides contributing to its support while he lived, left it his
whole property at his death.
The cares attendant on the establishment and direction of
the college did not hinder Allen from prosecuting his theological
studies. He proceeded B.D. in I 5 70, and in the following year
was created D.D. In the former year he was appointed Regius
Professor of Divinity in the university of Douay, with a stipend
of 200 gold crowns. The numbers of the college increased
so rapidly as its fame spread abroad, that Allen was at length
obliged to have recourse to Gregory XIII. for help to support
so great an undertaking; and accordingly, in April, 1575, the
Pope granted to the seminary a monthly pension of 100 gold
VOL. I. C
& )
I 8 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
crowns. In the following December, Allen set out on his
second journey to Rome, after having entrusted the students
to the care of Dr. Bristow during his absence. He had been
summoned thither by Gregory XIII. to give his advice on the
subject of a seminary for the English which the Pope proposed
to found in Rome.
The outlines of the plan were agreed upon during Allen's
stay in Rome, and it was settled in conjunction with Dr. Owen
Lewis that the students for the new foundation should be sent
from Douay as soon as the college was ready to receive them.
About this time the Pope conferred upon Allen a canonry in
the rich church of Our Lady at Cambray, one day's journey from
Douay. Allen returned to Douay in July, 1576, after an absence
of eight months, and four months later the number of students
in the college was 120. The revolutionary spirit which had
been agitating the Low Countries for several years past, and
the popular excitement against the English living in Douay,
stirred up by secret agents of Queen Elizabeth and the Prince
of Orange, brought about the expulsion of the English from
Douay, and the removal of the college to Rheims. A rumour
had been spread, emanating from various reliable sources in
England, that assassins had been sent over to Douay to make
away with some of the principal members of the seminary,
which received such apparent confirmation from the appearance
in the neighbourhood of certain Englishmen of sinister aspect,
well mounted, and to all appearance the kind of men suited
for the execution of such a crime, that it was considered unsafe
for Allen to remain at Douay ; and his friends obliged him to
go away, which he did for a while, taking the opportunity to
prepare for the removal of the college to Rheims. In March,
1578, the English were expelled from Douay, and the college
was transferred to Rheims.
Some internal dissensions breaking out at the English
College, Rome, Dr. Allen was again summoned to Rome in order
to pacify the two parties, and accordingly set out from Rheims
on Aug. 27, 1579. At Rome he was received with great
honour and kindness by his Holiness. Having accomplished
his object, he returned to Rheims in the following spring. In
July, 1585, he was attacked by a strangury, caused probably
by calculus, and in seven days was reduced to such a state that
his life was despaired of. As a last chance he was advised to
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 1 9
try the waters of Spa, which were supposed to be good for his
complaint. He set out thither on Aug. 3, and in a few weeks'
time was restored to his former health.
He was destined, however, never to return to his college at
Rheims, for he was summoned by the Pope to Rome, with the
intention, as it ultimately proved, to promote him, and he
arrived there on Nov. 4, of the same year.
He remained in Rome much longer than was expected, and
on Aug. 7, 1587, was created by Sixtus V. a Cardinal Priest
with the title of St. Martinus in Montibus. He spent the
remainder of his life in Rome, where he was often called upon
by the Pope, and his opinion very much valued in all matters
regarding learning and discipline. In 1589, Philip II.
nominated Allen to the archbishopric of Malines, though he
did not take possession of the See, and various other benefices
were conferred upon him in order to support his dignity.
The zeal for God's glory and his neighbour's good, which
had been till then the moving spirit of Allen's life, shone forth
in him no less conspicuously after his elevation to the
cardinalate. He was never absent from the consistory, to
which in those days the cardinals were summoned every week
by the Sovereign Pontiff to consult with him on the govern
ment of the Church, nor was he among those who arrived the
last. In giving his opinion he always spoke with such modera
tion that he offended no one, and yet with such freedom that
his conscience never reproached him afterwards. He was also
very diligent in his attendance at the two particular congrega
tions of which he had been appointed a member those, namely,
of the Index and the affairs of Germany. At the death of
Cardinal Antonio Carafa, Gregory XIV. made him Apostolic
Librarian. The same Pontiff charged him, in conjunction with
Cardinal Marc' Antonio Colonna and several consultors, to
revise the edition of the Vulgate which Sixtus V. had pub
lished just before his death.
Allen also undertook, with the co-operation of others, to
correct the text of St. Augustin's works, but death prevented
him from completing so vast an undertaking. Moreover, he
took part in the election of four successive Popes Urban
VII., Gregory XIV., Innocent IX., and Clement VIII. The
occasional return of the same illness, which had brought Allen
to death's door in 1585, warned him some time before he died
C 2
2O BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
that his end was drawing near. He often spoke of it to his
intimate friends, and it was evident that he looked forward with
joy to his speedy departure from this world to his true
country. His death took place, at his palace at Rome, in
the morning after sunrise on the sixteenth day of his illness,
Oct. 1 6, 1594.
His body rested, as was fitting, in the midst of the students
whom he loved, in the church of the Most Holy Trinity
attached to the English College at Rome.
He is described, by Pitts, as somewhat above the ordinary
stature, comely of countenance, composed in his gait, affable on
all occasions ; and, for the gifts of his mind, pious, learned,
prudent, grave, and though of great authority, humble, modest,
meek, patient, peaceable ; in a word, beautiful and adorned with
all kinds of virtues.
Donay Diaries Dodd, CJi. Hist. - Pitts, De Anglice Scrip-
toribus.
1. Certain Brief Reasons concerning the Catholick Faith.
Douay, 1564.
Written while he was living in the Duke of Norfolk's family, and after
wards enlarged and published at Douay.
2. A Defense and Declaration of the Catholike Churches
Doctrine touching Purgatory and Prayers for the Soules
Departed. By William Allen, Maister of Arte and Student in
Divinitie. Antverpia;, 1565. 8vo.
The preface is dated at Antwerp, May 2, 1565. The substance of
this work he had composed three years before, while studying theology
at Louvain. This book attracted so much notice, that in a writ issued by
the Queen, Feb. 21, 1567, to the High Sheriff of Lancashire, for the
apprehension of "certain persons who, having been late ministers in the
Church, were justly deprived of their offices of ministry for their contempt
and obstinacy," Allen heads the list under the designation of " Alen, who
wrote the late booke of Purgatory."
3. A Treatise made in Defense of the Lawful Power and
Authoritie of Preesthode to remitte sinnes : Of the People's
duetie for confessienn of their sinnes to Godes ministers : And
of the Churches meaninge concerning Indulgences, commonlie
called the Pope's pardons. By William Allen, Mr. of Arte
and Student in Divinitie ; Lovanie, apud Joannem Foulerum, A.D.
1567. Sm. 4to. Title, I leaf; to the reader, I leaf; errata, &c., i leaf.
Preface, 6 leaves, pp. 412, contents, 4 leaves.
This was written while he was in England, between 1562-65, and elicited
from William Fulke, D.D., "A confutation of a treatise made by William
Allen, in Defence of the usurped Power of Popish Priesthood." Camb.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 21
i6mo. ; and also, " Two treatises written against the Papistes, the one
being an answere of the Christian Protestant to the proud challenge of a
Popish Catholicke." 1577. 8vo.
4. Opus Aureum De Sacramentis in genere, Libri III. : I.
De Sacramento Eucharistiae. III. De Sacriflcio Euclaaristias
ex vivas vocis diligenti et accurata tractatione (apud Thorn.
Stapletono). Antverpias, 1576, 4to. ; Duaci, 1603, 4to.
A work highly esteemed and made use of by Bellarmin.
5. An Apologie and true Declaration of the institution and
endeavours of the two English Colleges ; the one in Borne,
the other now resident in Rhemes, against certaine sinister
informations given up against the same. Mounts in Renault.
1581. 8vo. 122 leaves; running title, "An Apology for the English Semi
naries." Bolton, in his Hypercritica, says it is a "princely, grave, and
flourishing piece of natural and exquisite English."
6. Piissima Admonitio, et consolatio vere Pia ad Afflictos
Catholicos in Anglia. A Latin rendering of the 7th chapter of the
preceding Apology, " An admonition and comfort to the afflicted Catholics."
The two latter works were published together under the following title :
7. Duo Edicta Elizabeth Reginss Anglige contra Sacerdotes
Soc. Jesu, et alumnos seminar iorum, quee a quibus non solum
illi ut perduelles proscribuntur, sed Angli omnes, qui in iisdem
Collegiis vivunt revocantur; una cum Apologia doctissimi viri
D. God. Alani pro iisdem sacerdotibus S. J., et aliis seminariorum
alumnis ; in qua explicantur causse institutionis prsedictorum
seminariorum, et cur sacerdotes Catholici in Angliam mittantur.
Additur ejusdem Gul. Alani piisima Admonitio et Consolatio vere
Christiana ad afflictos Catholicos Anglige. Aug. Trevir, 1583. Sm. 8vo.
8. Apologia Martyrum, qua ipsorum innocentia variis ratio-
nibus demonstratur ; eosque solius religionis Catholicas causa,
quam susceperant propagandam et propagnandam, crudissime
enecatos fuisse. 1583.
This was printed in the " Concertatio Ecclesias Catholicae," compiled by
Fr. John Gibbons and John Fenn, generally called " Bridgewater's Con
certatio," Treves, Hatot, 1583. 4to.
This and other attacks on the administration of justice in England induced
Burleigh to draw up, from Norton's notes, " A Declaration of the favourable
dealing of Her Majesty's Commissioners appointed for the examination of cer
tain traitors, and of tortures unjustly reported to be done upon them for matters
of religion." 4to. Four leaves. 1583 ; reprinted in Somers' Tracts, i. 209.
9. Martyriuni R. P. Edmundi Campiani Presbyteri e Societate
nominis Jesu. Printed in Bridgewater's " Concertatio Eccles. Cathol.
in Anglia." 1583-1594. Translated into Spanish, Italian, &c.
10. A True, Sincere, and modest Defence of English Catho-
liques that suffer for their faith both at home and abrode,
against a false, seditious, and slanderous libel, intitled The
Execution of Justice in England. Ingolst. 1584. 8vo. ; pp. 218,
besides preface, contents, and errata ; running title, An Answer to the
Libel of English Justice.
22 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
This was in answer to W. Cecil Lord Burleigh's " Execution of Justice in
England, not for Religion, but for Treason." Dec. 17, 1583.
Strype (Ann. II., ii. 305) says that to this J. Stubbs, the same who had his
right hand cut off for writing against the Queen's marriage with Anjou,
wrote an answer, entitled "Vindication of the English Justice," 1587.
Burleigh had his tract translated into Latin, and published in London and
Germany : " De Justitia Britannica, quae conservandas pacis publicse causa
in Papicolas exercebatur tempore Elizabethan" Lond. 1584, I2mo. ;
Ingolstad, 1584, I2mo.
Allen also translated his reply with the title De Justitia Britannica
sive Anglica, quse contra Christ! Martyres continenter exercitur.
Ingolstadii, ex Officina Typographica Davidis Sartorii, 1584, I2mo ; and
Ad persecutores Anglos pro Catholicis domi focisque persecu-
tionem sufferentibus, contra fulsum libellum inscriptum Jus
titia Britannia, vera responsio. 8vo, s.l. aut an., which was also
printed in Bridgewater's " Concertatio Eccles. Cathol.," Aug. Trevir, 1589
and 1594. Simpson, in his "Life of Campion," alludes to a copy, Brussels
MSS., No. 15,594, Justitise Britannicse, de sacerdotibus morte
plectendis, confutatio, 1583.
Allen's reply was attacked by Dr. Thos. Bilson, " Of the true difference
between Christian Subjection and unchristian Rebellion ; wherein the Prince's
lawful power to command and bear the sword are (sic) defended against
the Pope's censure and Jesuits' sophisms in their apology and defence
of English Catholics ; also a demonstration that the things reformed
in the Church of England by the laws of this realm are truly Catholic ;
against the late Rhemish Testament." Oxford, 1585, 410 ; Lond. 1586,
large Svo.
It is noted by Paquot, that this book was used by the Puritans to justify
their execution of Charles I.
ii. The Copie of a Letter written by M. Doctor Allen, con
cerning the Yeelding up of the Citie of Daventrie, unto his
Catholike Majestie, by Sir William Stanley, Knight; wherein
is shewed both how lawful, honorable, and necessarie that
action was; and also that al others, especiallie those of the
English Nation, that detayne anie townes, or other places in
the lowe countries from the King Catholike, are bound, upon
paine of damnation, to do the like. Before which is also
prefixed a gentleman's letter, that gave occasion of this dis
course. Antuarpe, Joachim Trognaesius, 1587. Svo.
The letter is dated Rome, April 23, 1587. The gentleman's letter is signed
R. A., i.e., Roger Ashton.
It was translated into French Justification pour le Catholique,
Noble, Chevalier Anglois, le Sieur Guillaume Stanlay, et autres
honorables Capitaines, et Gentils-hommes Anglois de son regi
ment, sur la rendition de la ville de Deventer, et autres lieux,
a. 1'obeysance de sa Majest6 Catholique, qui ont este' detenuz
par la Beyne d'Angleterre, pour support des H6r6tiques de
Hollande, et Zelande. Paris, 1588. Svo.
A Latin edition was printed at Cracow, 1588, Svo. The English edition
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 23
has been reprinted, with a learned introduction and copious notes, by
Thomas Heywood, Esq., F.S.A., vol. xxv., Chetham Society, 1851. 410.
Fr. Persons was charged by the appellant clergy with having a hand in
this letter, and he does not deny the charge in his reply ; " A manifestation
of the great folly and bad spirit of certayne in England, calling themselves
secular priests," s.l., 1602.
It elicited " A briefe Discoverie of Doctor Allen's Seditious Drifts, contrived
in a Pamphlet written by him concerning the yeelding up of the town of
Deventer unto the King of Spain, by Sir W. Stanley, etc." By G. D. Lond.
1588. 4to.
12. An Admonition to the Nobility and People of England
and Ireland, concerning the present Warres made for the
Execution of his Holines Sentence, by the highe and mightie
Kinge Catholicke of Spaine, by the Cardinal of Englande, 1588.
8vo. ; pp. 60, inclusive of title.
This work was printed at Antwerp, with the intention to be distributed in
England at the moment of the Spanish invasion ; but the invasion not taking
place, care was taken to burn almost all the copies. Hence the book is
extremely scarce. After a short preface, it undertakes to show (i) of whom
and in what manner Elizabeth is descended ; (2) How intruded into the
royal dignity ; (3) How she has behaved at home and abroad ; (4) By
what laws of God and man her punishment is pursued ; (5) How just,
honest, and necessary causes all true Englishmen have to embrace and set
forward the same.
Lingard (Hist, of Eng., 1849, vol. vi. P- 76) m a lengthy note on this
work, says that " The author of this most offensive publication seems to have
studied the works, and to have acquired the style, of the exiles who, formerly,
at Geneva, published libels against Queen Mary, the predecessor of Eliza
beth. Who that author was, soon became a subject of discussion. The
language and the manner are certainly not like those of Allen in his acknow
ledged works ; and the appellant priests boldly asserted that the book was
'penned' altogether by the advice of F. Persons. Persons himself, in his
answer, though he twice notices the charge, seems, by his evasions, to
acknowledge its truth (Manifestation, 35, 47). But whoever was the real
author, the cardinal, by subscribing his name, adopted the tract for his own,
and thus became answerable for its contents."
The substance of " the Admonition " was compressed into a smaller com
pass, under the title of A declaration of the sentence and deposition
of Elizabeth, the usurper and pretended Queene of England,
and was printed separately for distribution on a broadside in 81 lines. But
the copies of this were also destroyed on the failure of the armada ; one
copy, perhaps the only one now in existence, was formerly in the possession
of the late Mr. H. G. Bohn, the publisher.
It was again reprinted, apparently by one of the appellant clergy, under
the following title
13. The Declaration of Sixtus Quintus his Bull; a new chal
lenge made to N. D. Lond. 1600, pp. 107.
14. De Sanctis et Imaginibus.
15. De Prsedestinatione.
24 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
1 6. Resolution of Cases, for the use of Missions, by Cardinal
Allen and Robert Parsons. MS.
17. Instructions to Dr. John Vendeville, Bishop of Tournay,
concerning the Government of Seminaries. MS.
1 8. He was also concerned in the Rheims edition of the Testament, 1582,
and with Dr. Bristow wrote the principal commentaries ; also Old Testament,
1609, etc. 4to.
19. Wicolai Fitzherberti De antiquitate, et continuatione,
Catholicse Religionis in Anglia, et De Alani Cardinalis vita,
libellus. Rome, 1608.
The Cardinal's life is reprinted in his " Letters and Memorials," 1882.
20. The Letters and Memorials of William, Cardinal Allen
(1532-1594). Edited by Fathers of the Congregation of the
London Oratory. With an Historical Introduction by Thomas
Francis Knox, D.D., Priest of the same Congregation. Lond.
4to. 1882; being vol. ii. "Records of the English Catholics under the
Penal Laws," pp. cxxii. and 480.
21. Portrait in the "Acad. des Sciences," 1682; engr. by E. de Boulo-
nois. 4to.
Another, taken from the original painting, formerly in the possession of
Charles Brown Mostyn, Esq., and now at Ushavv College, was published in
Baines' " Hist, of Lane.," 4to., and has been several times reproduced.
A poor engraving from the same picture was published in the Laity's
Directory, 1807, with a memoir.
An original portrait, taken at a later period to the preceding one, is in the
English College, Rome. Granger, Biog. Hist., records a small engraving
of a bust taken from the Oxford Almanack for 1746, where it is placed
under the head of Edw. II. It is probably authentic, as it is engraved by
Vertue.
Allibone, Sir Richard, judge, belonged to an ancient
family, originally seated at Wardenton, near Banbury, Oxford
shire. His grandfather, Peter Allibone, an eminent Protestant
divine, was born at Wardenton, and was Rector of Cheyneys,
co. Bucks, where he died March 6, 1629. He left three sons.
John, D.D., an ingenious writer and a good Latin poet, had a
benefice in Gloucestershire, and died in 1658 ; Peter, the
second son, was Proctor in the University, Oxford, in 1640 ; and
the third son, Job, became a Catholic, and in consequence was
disinherited, but afterwards obtained an important place in the
Post-office, which afforded him a comfortable subsistence, and
enabled him to provide his children with a liberal education.
Job Allibone died in 1672, and was buried at Dagenham in
Essex. He was the father of Richard, who was entered a
student at Douay College, March 24, 1652, aged 16. After his
academical education he returned to England and commenced
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2$
his legal course at Gray's Inn, April 27, 1663. Though called
to the Bar, Feb. 1 1, 1670, no mention is made of him till Nov.
1686 (which his religion will account for), when his proficiency
and learning induced James II. to select him to be one of his
counsel. On April 28, 1687, he was appointed a judge of the
King's Bench, and about the same time received the honour of
knighthood.
In the summer of that year he went to the Northern Circuit,
and Bishop Cartwright relates that at Lancaster, while his
colleague, Judge Powell, attended at the parish church, Allibone
courageously went to the school-house, and had mass said. In
his charge to the grand jury he took notice that only three of
the gentry came out to meet the judges, and called it a great
disrespect of the king's commission a fact strongly indicative
of the intolerance of Protestants. Sir Richard was one of the
judges at the trial of the seven bishops in Trinity Term, 1688.
His death shortly afterwards, Aug. 22, 1688, at his house in
Brownlow Street, probably saved him from attainder at the
Revolution.
He was buried at Dagenham, where a handsome monument
was erected to his memory. His wife, Barbara Blakiston, of
the family of Sir Francis Blakiston, of Gibside, co. Durham,
Bart., survived him. He had a brother, Job Allibone, who be
came a student in the English College, Douay, Dec. 30, 1652.
aged 14, where he took the name of John Ford, afterwards
received Orders, and lived several years a missioner in England,
dying soon after, 1 709.
Foss, Judges of England ; Dodd, Ch. Hist., vol. iii. p. 458.
Allison, William, priest, one of the victims of the ini
quitous plots of 167980, died a prisoner in York Castle
about this time.
Challoner's Memoirs.
Allot, William, divine, received his education at the
University of Cambridge, but in what college is not recorded,
and it does not appear that he graduated. When Queen
Elizabeth came to the throne he went over to Louvain, where
he pursued his theological studies for some years, and was
ordained priest. After a short residence in Cologne, he
26 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
returned to England. He was much esteemed by Mary Queen
of Scots, whom he frequently visited in her confinement.
After some years spent on the mission, he was imprisoned,
and banished with several other priests. The Queen of Scots,
in return for his services, sent him a letter of recommendation
to France, and at her request he was made a canon of St.
Quinton, in Picardy. The fatigues of the mission, and too great
application to study, having impaired his health, his physicians
advised him to take a journey to Spa, where he died of the
dropsy about 1590.
During his abode in the Low Countries, he became ac
quainted with Lord Morley, and his brother Charles Parker,
bishop-elect, who had retired to the Continent on the death of
Queen Mary.
They were particular benefactors to Mr. Allot during his
studies, as they were to many others similarly engaged.
Dodd, CJi. Hist. ; Cooper, A tJi. Cantab.
1. Thesaurus bibliorum, omnium utriusque vitse antidotum,
secundum utriusque Instrumenti veritatem et historiam suc-
cinctse oomplectens. Antwerp, 1577, 8vo. ; Lugd., 1580, 8vo. ; Antverpiae,
1581, 8vo. ; Lugd. 1585, 8vo. pp. 996 ; Colonize, 1612.
Ded. to Lord Morley.
2. Index Rerum Memorabilium in Epistolis et Evangiliis per
anni Curriculum.
Printed with the preceding work.
Almond, John, priest, of the Order of Cistercians, who is
described by Fr. Grene, in his MS. (Records S.J., vol. iii.
p. 247) as of Cheshire, was tried for being a priest, at York
Castle, and from thence was imprisoned in Hull Castle, removed
to the Block-house there, and again brought back to Hull Castle,
where, though blind and afflicted with the infirmities of extreme
age, he was treated with the greatest cruelty, until death re
lieved him from his troubles, April 18, 1585. He was buried
at Drypole.
Morris, Troubles, Third Series.
Almond, John, priest and martyr, was born in Speke,
near Liverpool, and made his early studies at a school at Much
Woolton.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2/
Bro. Foley thinks he was not the Almond at Douay referred
to by Dr. Challoner in his " Memoirs," but was admitted into the
English College, Rome, in 1597, aged 20, where he was
ordained in the following year.
In 1 60 1 he publicly sustained theses of universal divinity with
great applause, and, in Sept. of the following year, left Rome
for England, and seems to have laboured in London, or the
district, under the name of Francis Molineux or Lathom.
He was apprehended on March 22, 1611-12, and brought
before Dr. John King, lately advanced to the bishopric of
London, who is supposed to have been the principal promoter
of Mr. Almond's death, but is said to have ever after deeply
regretted it ; indeed, it is confidently asserted by contemporary
Catholic writers that he himself became a member of the Church
he had so cruelly persecuted. In the preface of a book published
in Dr. King's name, entitled " The Bishop of London's Legacy,"
allusion is made to the part he took in the death of Fr. Almond,
in terms which certainly would imply that the bishop had re
ceived a grace seldom granted to persecutors and had changed
his religious opinions.
Fr. Almond suffered at Tyburn, Dec. 5, 1612, aged 35,
according to the " Roman Diary," but ten years older according
to Dr. Challoner.
His family at Speke suffered frequent fines for their re
cusancy.
Challoner, Memoirs ; Foley, Records S.J. ; Gillow, Lancashire
Recusants, MSS,
i. He wrote an account of his examination before Dr. King, which is
quoted by Dr. Challoner.
Almond, Oliver, priest, a native of the diocese of Oxford,
was admitted into the English College, Rome, in April, 1582,
at the age of 21. He received Holy Orders in Aug. 1587,
and was sent to the new college founded by Fr. Parsons at
Valladoiid, in Spain, in order to cross over from thence into
England. In a report by Robert Weston, a Government spy
(Dom. Eliz., vol. 238, n. 62, April 20, 1591, P.R.O.), there
is the following interesting reference to him : " Item, Olivar
Almon is a prest, and did leye at Mr. Wynchcombe in Bark-
shere, near Newberry, the name is Henwicke. Yf hee be not
28 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
in the hoose, there is a grat (tree) wherein hee is hyden ; hee
is a letle man," &c. A previous part of the same report says
"As you go forth of Mr. Wynchcombe's house towards
Newberry, in the first close withoute the gate, upon the lefte
hand in the heg-row, there is a grat oake that is hollow, and
be knocking upon it you shall fynd it to sounde."
In a list of Jesuits, Seminarists, and Priests sent to Lord
Burleigh (Dom. Eliz., vol. 32, n. 64, P.R.O.), dated Jan. 20,
1593, Mr. Oliver Almonde is referred to as being in the south
parts.
Bro. Foley thinks it probable that he was brother to the
martyr John Almond, but the latter belonged to a yeomanry
family settled at Speke, in Lancashire, in which Oliver was not a
family name. The Diary of the English College, Rome, states
that he belonged to the diocese of Oxford. The date of his
death is not recorded. He was probably the author of the
under-mentioned work.
Foley, Roman Diary, Records S.J.
i. The Uncasing of Heresie, or the Anatomie of Protestancie.
Written and Composed by O. A. (Louvain ?) 1623. 8vo.
Amherst, Francis Kerril, D.D., Bishop of Northampton,
was born in London, March 21, 1819, and was the eldest son of
William Kerril Amherst, of Parndon, co. Essex, Esq., by Mary
Louisa, daughter of Fris. Fortescue Turville, of Bosworth Hall,
co. Leicester, Esq. He was sent to Oscott College in 1830,
where he remained eight years, and then left, with no intention
of embracing the ecclesiastical state. He returned to Oscott
in 1841, and was ordained priest June 6, 1846, by Cardinal
(then Bishop) Wiseman. Shortly afterwards he joined the
Third Order of St. Dominic, but again returned to Oscott, as
Professor, in 1855. After staying eleven months, he was
appointed to the mission of Stafford, whence he was raised to
the See of Northampton, on the resignation of Bishop Wareing,
and was consecrated July 4, 1858. He was appointed Assistant
at the Pontifical Throne, June 8, 1862.
He resigned his See in 1879, owing to ill-health, and was
translated to Sozusa, 1880, and died Aug. 21, 1883, at his
residence, Fieldgate, Kenilworth, co. Warwick.
Brady, Episcop. Succession.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2p
1. Norton Broadland, a Story.
2. Lenten Thoughts, drawn from the Gospel for each day of
Lent. Lond. 1873, I2mo. ; which went through several editions, the fourth
thousand, Lond. iSSo, Svo., pp. 191.
3. Some Sonnets, printed for private circulation.
4. Pastorals, issued annually.
Anderson, Lionel Albert, O.P., alias Munson, was
the son of a Lincolnshire gentleman of good estate, and was
born about 1620. He was educated a Protestant, but becom
ing a convert, went over to Paris and received the Dominican
habit in the spring of 1658. He was professed at Bornhem,
June 5, of the following year, and having been ordained priest
returned to England about 1665. He resided for the most
part in London, under the assumed name of Munson, and
was much esteemed at Court, being personally known by
Charles II.
When Gates broached his Popish plot, he accused Fr.
Anderson of being a Dominican conspirator. He was appre
hended and imprisoned in the King's Bench. He was indicted
for being a priest contrary to the statute, and was tried and
condemned to death at the Old Bailey, Jan. 17, 1679-80, by
Scroggs, the notorious judge. The king, however, granted
him a pardon, and after a year's imprisonment in Newgate he
was exiled for life.
He then set out on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and
after his return came over to England, and received a free
pardon from James II., April 6, 1686.
At the Revolution in 1688, he fled with his royal master to
the Continent, where he remained for some years. Some time
before 1698 he again ventured into England, and took up his
residence in London, where he died, Oct. 21, 1710, at the
patriarchal age of 91, and religious profession 52. He was
buried in the churchyard of St. Giles-in-the-Fields.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Oliver, Collections ; Palmer, Obituary
Notices, O.P.
1. A Treatise on the Temporal Power of the Pope.
2. A Treatise in Defence of the Oath of Allegiance.
Dodd says that this work gave offence to his own brethren.
Anderson, William, priest, martyr; vide Richardson.
30 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Anderton, Christopher, Esq., of Lostock and Ander-
ton, co. Lancaster, was born in 1607, and was educated at
Douay College, which he left with his tutor, John Roscowe,
in 1623.
On the breaking out of the Civil contest, he was one of the
Catholic gentlemen of Lancashire who petitioned King Charles
to be allowed to take up arms in the royal service, and it seems
pretty certain that he was the daring cavalier who headed the
gallant but fruitless attack on Bolton in 1643. Like many of
his comrades in this disastrous war, Capt. Anderton came to
an untimely death a few years after this exploit. He was
employed by the Earl of Derby to defend Greenhalgh Castle,
near Garstang ; and after a stout resistance, during the whole
of the winter of 1645, he was slain with Capt. John Hothersall,
another Catholic gentleman.
He was twice married ; first to Agnes, daughter of John
Preston, of the Manor, Furness, and his wife Elizabeth Holland,
of Denton, co. Lancaster; and secondly, to Alathea, daughter
of Sir Francis Smythe, of Wooten Wawen, co. Warwick.
By the former he had an only daughter, and by the latter a
large family, of whom Francis was created a baronet in 1677,
and married Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Sir Charles
Somerset, K.B., second son of Edward Earl of Worcester. The
family is now represented by the Stonors of Anderton Hall, and
the Tempests of Broughton.
Gibson, Lydiate Hall Castlcmain, Catli. Apology.
Anderton, Dorothy, was the fifth daughter of Christopher
Anderton, Esq., of Lostock Hall, Lancashire, by his second
wife, Alathea, daughter of Sir Francis Smythe, of Wooten
Wawen, co. Warwick, Knt, and sister to the first Lord Car-
rington.
Her father, when a young man, fell away from the Church
for a while, over a lawsuit, but soon returned to the faith. He
was convicted and fined for recusancy in 1638, and was killed
at the siege of Greenhalgh Castle in 1645. Both he and his
wife suffered very much for their conscience in the time of the
Parliament, having their goods plundered and their lands
sequestrated, insomuch that Mrs. Anderton, who resided at
Clitherow, after her husband's death, had scarcely enough to
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 31
maintain herself and her children, of whom she had fourteen.
Besides this, she had a far greater cross when three of her
children, one son and two daughters, were taken from her, in
order to make them Protestants, and taken to a place where
they were most cruelly used, although more was taken from
their parents' estate than was left to maintain all the rest.
They were kept bare-legged in sackcloth, and their food was
flour and water sodden together ; if sometimes a bone was cast
them from their keeper's table, it had scarce any meat upon it.
Besides this, they were beaten with whips, with crooked pins in
them ; and once Alathea, who was afterwards professed a nun
at Louvain, was hit in the eyes, and rendered almost blind.
The younger sister, Dorothy, was daily made to fetch water in
a sort of pail for the family's use (the weight being far too
heavy for one of her tender age), so that with such hard usage
she contracted the disease of which she died in 1653. Their
mother eventually succeeded in obtaining their removal, after
suffering this hard life above two years, and got them placed
with some of their Protestant tenants, and three years later found
means to get them home. Lord Carrington then sent them to
Louvain, where Alathea took the habit and the religious name
of Magdalen in 1656; and Dorothy died of the disease con
tracted during her detention, as related above.
Mrs. Alathea Anderton and two of her sons, Christopher and
Stephen, were still living at Clitheroe in 1667, when their
names appear in the Recusant Rolls, with heavy fines attached,
as in previous years.
Foley, Records SJ., vol. iii. ; Gilloiu, Lancashire Recusants
MSS.
Anderton, James, Esq., of Lostock Hall, Lancashire,
born in 1557, was the eldest son and heir of Christopher
Anderton, Esq., of Lostock, by Dorothy, daughter of Peter
Anderton, of Anderton, Esq., and succeeded his father to
extensive estates in many townships in Lancashire. He mar
ried, in 1582, Margaret, daughter of Edward Tyldesley, of
Tyldesley and Morleys, Esq., but had no issue. He followed
his father's profession of the law, and succeeded him, some time
before his death in 1592, to the office of Prothonotary of the
Duchy Court at Lancaster, for in 1590 he is described as
.holding that office in the " vewe of the State of the Countie
32 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Palatine of Lancaster, bothe for religion and civill government "
(Dom. Eliz., vol. 255, No. 4, P.R.O.), and is characterised
as " bacwarde in religion, his wife a Recusant only lately con
formed, and so his mother also." He was also, with his kins
man, James Anderton, of Clayton, Esq., farmer "to her
Majestie of the goods of outlawes," &c., and they were both,
with others, receivers of the duchy for sundry ports.
In the eulogium of Fr. Henry Holland, S.J., forwarded to the
General in Rome by the Rector of Liege College, Fr. John
Clark, it is asserted that this father, who first came on the
mission in England in 1605, reconciled and heard the first
confession of James Anderton, of Lostock, Esq., " a most
learned man, who wrote a valuable work, entitled ' The Pro
testant's Apologie.' " This erroneous assertion has been very
generally accepted, though one or two have questioned it.
John Brereley, priest, was undoubtedly a pseudonym of James
Anderton's nephew, Fr. Lawrence Anderton, S.J., and the cele
brated works, hitherto so confidently ascribed to the uncle, must
in future add to the renown of the learned Society of Jesus.
This will be clearly seen by reference to Fr. Lawrence's
biography, the object of the present notice being to explain the
origin of the error, and show that the life of James Anderton
was inconsistent with the character of " John Brereley, priest."
Dodd (i.e., Hugh Tootell), whose family were lords of the
manor of Lower Healey and resided at the Hall, situated
within easy distance of Lostock, was well acquainted with the
Andertons, and accepted the erroneous tradition of the family
as confirmation of Fr. Holland's assertion.
The MSS. were in his time still preserved in the Anderton
family, and also a collection of Protestant books with marginal
annotations in the handwriting of the author of " Protestant's
Apologie," with the passages scored with the pen in the order
he had occasion to transcribe them for insertion in his
works.
Gee, in his "Foot out of the Snare," published in 1624,
positively affirms that all Brereley's works were printed in a
private press in Lancashire which was suppressed some few
years before the date of his writing. After James Anderton's
reconciliation to the Church it is possible he may have tried to
make some reparation for his past life in supporting, or at least
sheltering, the secret press with which his brother Roger was
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 33
undoubtedly connected. The latter set it up again after its
seizure in 1613, full particulars of which will be found in his
biography. Dodd does not state in which of the Anderton
residences he saw the manuscripts. They no doubt remained
in the possession of the family with whom Fr. Lawrence
Anderton resided either on his first, second, or third visit.
It must also be noted that all Brereley's works, after the first
edition of the Apology in 1 604, bear the impress " Permissu
Superiorum," which James Anderton most certainly would not
have used.
Christopher Anderton, the father of James Anderton, sailed
with the times, and never appears as a recusant, but, on the
contrary, sat as one of the magistrates at the sessions where
priests and laymen were convicted of that " crime," arid punished
according to the statutes.
It seems probable, therefore, that his son was brought up in
the same manner, though secretly sympathizing with his
mother's faith, as is evident from the following memorandum
sent to the Privy Council by Dingley, the apostate priest and
informer, in Nov. 1592: "Mrs. Anderton of Lostocke ys
Latelie a widdowe of greate welth ; she hearde my Masse and
Sermon at Lostocke, and sent me money to her sonne James.
She ys put amongst the other widdowes. James Anderton of
Lostocke, her sonne, did at the same tyme heare my Masse
there and received me ; he ys of greate Lyvinge and I knowe
not whether he be put amongest the rest." (Dom. Eliz.,
vol. 243, No. 70, P.R.O.)
His name never appears in the lists of convicted recusants,
so that Mr. Gibson's remarks (" Lydiate Hall and its Associa
tions," p. 60) may not be so far from the truth in assuming
that, like Sir John Ratcliff, he was one who might be fitly
described as a " daungerous temporiser," no uncommon character
at that period. In 1613 his name is found attached as a
justice of peace to an address issued at Wigan that year for the
" disarming of recusants," and as one duty of the justices was
to procure from the parsons, ministers, and churchwardens the
names of all of the age of sixteen years who were non-com
municants, such an employment could not, says Mr. Gibson,
have been very congenial to a consistent Catholic. His
inquisition post-mortem was taken in 1618, and he was suc
ceeded in his extensive estates by his younger brother,
VOL. I. D
34 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Christopher Anderton, whose grandson, Sir Francis Anderton,
of Lostock and Anderton, was created a Baronet in 1677.
Dodd, Ch. Hist,; State Papers, P.R.O.; Rev. T. E. Gibson,
Lydiate Hall ; Oliver ; Collectanea S.J.
Anderton, James, a gentleman volunteer during the Civil
War, lost his life in Wales, in the service of the king. He was
either the eldest son of James Anderton, of Clayton, Esq., or
the third son of William Anderton, of Euxton, co. Lan
caster, Esq.
Castlemain, Apology.
Anderton, Lawrence, Father &. 3., alias John Brereley,
priest, was a son of Lawrence (or Thomas) Anderton, younger
son of Christopher Anderton, of Lostock, co. Lancaster, Esq.,
and his wife Dorothea, daughter of Peter Anderton, of
Anderton, Esq., and was born in 1575-6. His mother was
probably a Scroop of Dauby Castle, which was the alias
used by his brother William. There is little foundation for the
statement, and it is improbable, that Lawrence went by the
name of Scroop.
Gee, in his list of Priests and Jesuits in and about London
in 1624, mentions " Fr. Anderton, a Jesuit, a Lancashire
man, yet not the same Anderton who goeth by the name of
Scroope."
Lawrence Anderton received his rudimental education at the
Blackburn Grammar School, and from thence entered Christ
Church College, Cambridge, where he was admired for his
brilliant genius and ready eloquence, upon which account, says
Anthony Wood, he received the epithet of " silver-mouthed
Anderton."
He seems to have received Protestant Orders, but, being much
addicted to reading books of controversy, he was unable to re
concile some difficulties he met with concerning the origin and
doctrines of the Reformation, which speedily ended in his con
version to the Catholic Church. Where he was ordained has
not been ascertained, but it is pretty clear from the first
Catalogue of the English Province S.J., that he was a priest
before he entered the Society, and it is most probable that
immediately after his conversion he retired to his family in
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 35
Lancashire, where he employed his time in writing and printing
his famous work called the " Protestant's Apologie." The first
edition of this work, printed in 1604, no doubt issued from
the Anderton press, which was discovered and seized by the
Government some few years later.
In 16045 he proceeded to Rome, and entered the Society
at the age of 28, and became one of the most distinguished
ornaments of the English Province.
After spending several years in teaching in the continental
colleges, during which time he published a second edition of
his " Apologie," the " Liturgy of the Mass," and the " Life of
Luther," he returned to England, to his native county, where
his missionary labours were principally confined. He was
Superior of the Lancashire District in 1621, and probably for
some years before, where he was held in esteem both by
Catholics and Protestants, converting many of the latter to the
Faith. About 1624 he was sent to the mission in London, and
was there when Gee published his " Foot out of the Snare." From
that time until 1641 he remained in London, and then returned
to Lancashire, where he died, April 17, 1643, aged 67.
Dr. Oliver (Collectanea SJ.) suspected that he was the
chaplain of the Earl of Essex, whom Fr. John Gerard received
into his house in London ; but in this he was in error, as the
chaplain alluded to was evidently the well-known William
Alabaster. (Morris, " Life of Fr. Gerard.")
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Foley, Records S.J., vol. iii., and Collectanea ;
Gibson, Lydiate Hall ; Oliver, Collectanea S.J.
i. The Protestant's Apologie for the Roman Church ; I. Con
cerning the Antiquity and Continuance of the Roman Church
since the Apostles' times ; II. The Marks of the True Church ;
III. The loyalty of Catholics; proved by Testimonies of the
learned Protestants themselves. 1604. 410.
This was apparently printed at the secret press in Lancashire before
Fr. Anderton became a Jesuit.
The design of this work was to prove the Catholic doctrine from the con
cessions of Protestant authors, whom he quotes with great exactitude ; and
Bancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, alarmed with the popularity with which
it was received, engaged Dr. Thomas Morton, one of the King's chaplains,
to attempt an answer. The direct way was by disproving facts, but unable
to proceed with this, he adopted the plan of recrimination, and entitled his
work "ACatholick Appeal for Protestants," in which he endeavoured to
produce Catholic concessions for Protestant doctrine. But Dr. Morton
D 2
36 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
failed in two essential points : first, he quotes Catholic authors who were
singular in their opinions and disowned by the rest of their communion ;
and, secondly, the various disagreements he produces do not concern essen
tial but indifferent points. These two considerations rendered his reply
insignificant. The book was published in London, 1606, 4to.
Fr. Anderton, having in the meantime joined the Society at Rome, pub
lished a second edition as follows :
2. The Protestants Apologie for the Roman Church. Divided
into three several! Tractes. Whereof The First, concerneth the
Antiquity and Continuance of the Roman Church and Religion,
ever since the Apostles times. That the Protestants Religion was
not so much as in being, at, or before Luthers first appearing.
The Second, That the Marks of the true Church are apperteyning
to the Roman, and wholy wanting to the severall Churches, begun
by Luther and Calvin. The Third, That Catholicks are no less
loyall, and dutifull to their Soveraigne, than Protestants. All
which is undertaken, and proved by testimonies of the learned
Protestants themselves. With A Conclusion to the Reverend
Judges, and others the grave and learned Sages of the law. By
John Brereley, Priest. Deut. 32. vers. 31. For their God is not
as our God, even our enemies being judges. And I will set the
^Egyptians against the Egyptians: so every one shall fight against
his brother. Esay 19. vers. 2. Permissu Superiorum. 1608, 410.
Title, i p. ; The Authors Advertisment to him that shall answere this Trea
tise, 7 pp. ; Contents, 6 pp. ; Catal. of Frs. with dates, 2 pp. ; Catal. of Prot.
writers and their works, and Instructions to reader, 10 pp. ; Preface, pp.
1-56 ; to the Kinges most excellent Majesty, 4 pp. ; The Protestants Apologie,
pp. 57-751 ; Index, 25 pp. ; Four Catalogues of Prot. writings, 24 pp. ; and
the Authors Advertisment, signed John Brereley, P., 25 pp. ; additions
and omissions, 22 pp.
In the first advertisment the author refers to M. D. Morton's " Epistle
dedicatory of his late Preamble to P. R.," in which an answer to the Protes
tant's Apology is promised.
In the second advertisment he acknowledges that the Catalogue of Pro
testant works was largely drawn from the collections of a " Worshipfull and
reverend Priest, gathered together some few yeares before he entered into
holy Orders," which probably refers to Fr. Persons, S.J.
Dr. Morton was successively appointed Bishop of Chester, Lichfield, and
Durham. He acknowledged that the Protestant's Apologie was a master
piece in its kind, and for solidity, erudition, politeness, comprehensiveness,
and moderation, far beyond anything that had hitherto appeared.
He published a second edition of his reply, entitled " A Catholike Appeal
for Protestants, particularly answering the misconceived C.itholike Apologie
for the Romane Faith out of the Protestants." Lond. 1610, fol.
Brereley' s work was then translated into Latin by William Reyner, a Paris
doctor, under the title
" Apologia Protestantium pro Romana Ecclesia ; per Guil. Raynerium,
Latine versa." Paris, 1615. 4to.
Dedicated to James I.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 37
3. The Liturgy of the Mass concerning the Sacrifice, Real Pre
sence, and Service in Latin. 1610.
The first edition, probably printed abroad ; the second edition, the title
of which follows, is very poorly printed and badly pressed, and in all proba
bility was produced at the secret press in Lancashire, where Fr. Anderton
was then residing.
The Lyturgie of the Masse : wherein are treated Three
Principal Pointes of Faith. 1. That in the Sacrament of the
Eucharist are truly and really contained the body and bloud of
Christ. 2. That the Masse is a true and proper sacrifice of the
body and bloud of Christ, offered to God by Priestes. 3. That
Communion of the Eucharist to the Laity under one kind is
lawful. The ceremonies also of the Masse now used in the
Catholicke Church, are al of them derived from the Primitive
Church. By John Brereley, Priest. Printed at Colen. 1620. 410.
Title, &c., i leaf; Bed. To the High and Noble Charles, Prince of Wales,
&c., 4 pp. ; Preface, pp. 9-58 ; Lyturgie, &c., pp. 59-453 ; Index, pp. 455-469.
In the dedication he says that he has heard with the greatest comfort
that King James not only deigned to peruse " some " of his former laboures,
but also, thinking them not altogether worthy of contempt and neglect, ap
pointed that several Doctors should be selected to undertake and make some
satisfactory answer. He adds that one of them, though his professed adversary
(D. Morton in his Appeale Epist. to the Kinges Maiesty), ingeniously con
fesses of his writings that they " seeme both in the prefaces and progresse,
to have deserved his Maiesties most favorable acceptance."
4. The Life of Luther. Collected from the Writings of himselfe
and other learned Protestants, together with a further discourse
touching Melancton, Bucer, Ochine, Calvine, Beza, &c., the late
Pretended Reformers of Religion. By John Brereley, Priest.
1610. 4to. Probably printed at the Anderton press ; another edition, St.
Omer's, 1624, sm. 410., pp. 204.
5. The Reformed Protestant, by John Brereley, Priest.
This is referred to by Gee (" Foot out of the Snare," 1624), who says :
" There was a printing-house supprest about three years since in Lancashire,
where all Brereley his works, with many other Popish Pamphlets, were
printed."
6. Sainct Austines Religion. Collected from His owne writinges
and from the confessions of the learned Protestants ; whereby
is sufficiently proved and made knowen, the like answerable
doctrine of the other more auncient Fathers of the Primitive
Church. Written by John Brereley. Printed 1620. The author
beginneth his Booke to his Catholic Friend " during our smale aboad together
at the Spawe for both our healthes." Ded. to King James, pp. 17 ; preface
to his learned adversaries to p. 31, in which he alludes to the Protestant's
Apologie; pp. 340; table of contents, pp. 341-361; table of Principle
Pointes contained in this Book, pp. 362-374.
This work, giving an account of his opinion in matters of controversy
between Catholics and Protestants, was attacked by William Compton in a
work, entitled " St. Augustin's Sum ; or, St. Augustin's Religion agreeing
38 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
with that of the Protestants ; in answer to John Brereley." Lond. 1624, and
again 1625. 4to.
The following notice of this production appears in the Diary of Arch
bishop Laud's Life, published by Hen. Wharton in 1625 : "Anno 1624,
Dec. 21. Mr. Compton had set forth a book call'd St. Augustin's Sum.
His Majesty found fault with divers of passages in it. He was put to recall
some things in writing. He had dedicated his book to my lord Duke of
Buckingham : my lord sent him to me to overlook the articles, in which he
had recall'd, and explained himself, that I might see whether it were well
done, and fit to shew the King. This day Mr. Compton brought his papers
to me. December 23, I delivered these papers back to Mr. Compton.
December 31, his Majesty sent for me, and delivered unto me Mr. Compton's
papers a second time (after I had read them over unto himself), and com
manded me to correct them, as they might pass in the doctrine of the Church
of England."
7. One God, one Faith. 1625. 8vo.
A treatise with the letters W. B. prefixed. This issued from the Anderton
press, and appears in the list of works printed by Roger Anderton.
8. The Progenie of Catholics and Protestants. Rouen, 1632,
4to. ; Rothomagi, typis Nicolai Courrant, 1634, 4to. ; Rouen, 1663, 4to. The
latter edition is divided into five books, each separately paged. The first has
32, 2nd 90, 3rd 59, 4th 40, and 5th 26 pp.
The work is on the plan of the Protestant's Apology, and is preceded by
an able letter to Dr. Morton on his Catholic Appeal to Protestants, which
was never answered.
9. The Triple Cord ; or, A Treatise proving the Truth of the
Roman Religion, By Sacred Scriptures, Taken in the Literall
Sense, Expounded by Ancient Fathers, Interpreted by Protes
tant Writers. With A Discovery of sundry subtile sleights used
by Protestants, for evading the force of strongest Arguments,
taken from cleerest Texts of the foresaid Scriptures. If a man
prevayle agaynst one, two resist him: A triple Cord is hardly
broken. Permissu Superiorum. 1634. 4to. Title, i leaf; Epistle
Dedicatory, 32 pp. ; Preface, 9 pp. ; Contents, 29 pp. ; Preparative to the
Triple Cord, 24 pp. ; Triple Cord, pp. 33 (st^-Soi ; Errata, 3 pp. ; Index, 8 pp.
In the preface he refers to D. Morton, White, and Featley.
It is said to have been printed at St. Omer, by Dr. Oliver, but it does
not bear that impress on the title.
It was again printed in 1651. 4to.
This work was never answered.
Anderton, Matthew, a Captain in the Royal Army, was a
younger son of James Anderton, of Clayton, co. Lancaster,
Esq., and lost his life at Sheriff Hutton, in Yorkshire, during
the Civil War.
He was entered a foreign burgess at the Preston Guild of
1622, when he was apparently very young.
Castlemain, Apology', Abram, Preston Guild Rolls.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 39
Anderton, Roger, Esq., of Birchley, co. Lancaster, was
the fourth son of Christopher Anderton, of Lostock, Esq., by
Dorothea, daughter of Peter Anderton, of Anderton, Esq.
Unlike his father and his eldest brother James, Roger Anderton
does not appear to have been a temporiser, and his name is
constantly found in the Recusant Rolls. He married Anne,
daughter of Edward Stafford, of Perry Hall, co. Stafford, Esq.,
and had a numerous family, three or four of whom were nuns.
Gee, in his " Foot out of the Snare," published in 1624,
states that " there was a printing-house in Lancashire sup
pressed about some three years since, where all Brereley's works,
with many other Popish pamphlets, were printed." This press
was undoubtedly secretly set up and supported by the Anderton
family, which was very numerous at this period, and it is most
probable that more than one member of the family was con
nected with it. Among the State Papers in the Record Office
(Dom. James I., vol. 75, n. 20) is a letter from Sir Julius
Caesar, Knt, Chancellor of the Exchequer, to Sir Thomas Lake,
Knt, one of the clerks of his Majesty's Signet attending the king
at Court, dated London, Nov. 20, 1613 "These, haste, haste,
haste." The writer states that, according to the king's plea
sure, he has had conference with the Bishop of Chester
concerning the safe custody of the goods and books of one
Anderton, a recusant, in Lancashire, deceased. For the books
the Bishop would take special care to send his Majesty, with
all convenient speed, an inventory thereof, and attend his
gracious pleasure for their disposal. The inventory is given in
a second letter (in the same vol. n. 36, and 36, I.) : Manuals ;
Latin and English primmers ; Firm Foundations ; Abridge
ments ; Policy and Religion (Fr. Fitzherbert, SJ.) ; Rules of
St. Clare ; Pseudo-Scripturist (Sylvester Norris, D.D., S.J.) ;
Introductions (to a Devout Life, by Fr. J. Yorke, S.J.) ; Fol
lowing of Christ ; Key of Paradise ; Bellarmine's Catechisms ;
Vaux's Catechisms (Laurence Vaux, of Blackrod, Wigan, late
Warden of Manchester) ; Images of both Churches (by M.
Pateson, " a bitter and seditious book," says Gee, in his list).
The Anderton pedigree does not record any member of the
family as dying in 1613, but it is possible that James Anderton,
of Lostock, whose inquisition post-mortem was taken in 1618,
may be the one alluded to, or perhaps his brother Thurston,
who pre-deceased him. The books referred to have the appear-
40 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
ance of having been in bundles, and confirm the idea that the
press was here, and that these were some of the books which
issued from it.
Among the Blundell of Crosby MSS. is a list of works
ascribed to Roger Anderton by his son Christopher, in 1647,
but other hands are known to have written many of these
works ; and it is therefore pretty clear that Roger Anderton
again set up the press at Birchley, and that most of the works
in the list were only printed by him. Roger Anderton is said to
have died in 1640. His son and heir, James, married a daughter
of Sir Walter Blount, Bart, of Sodington, with whose family
many literary productions are associated. The list appended is.
the one referred to above as being sent to William Blundell, Esq.,
of Crosby, in 1668, by the Rev. Henry Heaton, being a copy
of one sent to the latter, in 1647, by Christopher Anderton.
Dugdale, Lane. Visit. 1664 ; Gibson, Lydiate Hall ; Recu
sant Rolls, P.R.O.; Foley Records SJ., vol. iii. p. 490 ; vol. v.
P- 37i-
1. The Christian Manna.
2. White dyed Black.
This work, entitled "Whyte dyed Black," 4*0., pp. 183, is ascribed by
Oliver (Collectanea SJ.) to Thomas Worthington, D.D., and was written
against Dr. John White's " Way to the True Church." 1614.
3. Keepe your Text.
4. ThePseudo-Scripturist, by Fr. Sylvester Norris, D.D., SJ. 4to. 1623.
5. One God, one Faith ; or, Qui non credit condemnabitur,
by Fr. Lawrence Anderton, S.J., alias John Brereley, under the initials
W. B., 1625, 8vo. He was about this time in Lancashire, and probably
resided with Roger Anderton.
6. The Legacy. " The Bishop of London His Legacy, or Certaine
Motives of D. King, late Bishop of London, for his change of Religion and
dying in the Catholike and Roman Church," 1622, written by Musket, a
priest, says Gee, who is very wrath about it.
7. The Converted Jew, published in 1630,410., in the name of Fr. John
Clare, S.J., though it was not written by him. It is a learned controversial
work in three dialogues, and it answers, in an appendix to the second, " A
treatise of the Visibility and Succession of the True Church in all Ages,"
printed in 1624. Dr. Oliver remarks that the " printer's office possessed no
Greek types ; and there could have been no efficient reader or corrector of
the press." If this was printed by Roger Anderton. the date, 1630, clearly
proves that the press was again set up after the seizure.
8. Rawleigh, his Ghost.
" Rawleigh, his Ghost ; or a feigned Apparition of Sir Walter Rawleigh.
Translated by A. B. Permissu Superiorum," 1631, 8vo. Two works had
previously appeared under this title, " Prosopopoeia. Sir Walter Rawleigh's
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 4!
Ghost, 1622;" and "Sir Walter Rawleigh's Ghost, or England's Fore-
warner" (by Thomas Scott, B.D.), Utrecht, 1626, 410., pp. 44, referring to
Gondomar's transactions in England.
9. Campion Translated. This probably was the English translation
of Campion's " Decem Rationes," of which an edition was published in
London by Richard Stock in 1606.
10. The Non-entitie of Protestancy.
11. Puritanisme the Mother, Sinn the Daughter, " Or a Treatise,
wherein is demonstrated that the Fayth of the Puritans doth forcibly induce its
Professours, to the perpetrating of Sinne. Hereunto is added (as an Appen
dix) a Funeral Discourse Touching the Deathes of Dr. Price, Deane of
Hereford, and Dr. Butts, Vice-Chancellour of Cambridge. By B. C." 1633, 8vo.
12. An Apologie of English Armenianisme, perhaps referring to
the work by J. R., "The Spy discovering the Danger of Arminian Heresie
and Spanish Treacherie," Strasburgh, 1628. 4to.
13. An Antidote against Purgatorie.
14. Maria Trumphans, " Being a Discourse, wherein, by way of Dia
logue (between Mariadulus and Mariamastix) the B. Virgin Mary, Mother of
God, is defended and vindicated from all such Dishonours and Indignities
with which the Precisions of these our days are accustomed unjustly to charge
Her." 1635. I2mo. Dedication signed N. N.
15. Adelphomachia, or ye Warrs of Protestancy.
1 6. Bellarmin of Eternal Pelicitie, translated.
17. Bellarmin of the lamentation of ye Dove, translated.
This may be the translation made by William Anthony Batt, O.S.B.,
" The Mourning of the Dove ; or, of the great Benefit and Good of Teares.
III. Bookes. Written in Latin by the most Illustrious Card. Bellarmine of
the Society of Jesus, And translated into English by A. B." Perm. Super.
1641. i8mo.
1 8. Bellarmin of ye Words of Our Lord.
19. Clavis Homerica.
20. Miscellanea.
21. Luther's Alcoran. Fr. Lawrence A'nderton, alias John Brereley,
wrote " The Life of Luther," St. Omer's. 1624.
22. The English Nunne : " being a treatise, wherein (by way of Dia
logue) the Author endeavoureth 'to draw young and unmarried Catholike
gentlewomen to imbrace a votary, and religious life. Written by N. N.
Hereunto is annexed a short discourse to the Abbesses and Religious
women of all the English Monasteries in the Low Countreys, and France."
1642. 8vo.
23. The Catholicke Younger Brother.
24. A Panegyricke, or Laudative Discourse.
25. Bellarmine's Controversies, the whole of which were translated
into English by Roger Anderton, and sent by him to the Rev. Henry Heaton
at St. Omer, in two large tomes, but were never printed.
Probably with these exceptions all the other works in the foregoing list
were printed at the Anderton press.
Anderton, Robert, priest, martyr, was born in Lanca
shire, and was probably the son of James Anderton, of
42 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Euxton, Esq., and his wife, a daughter of the ancient family
of Banister of Bank.
He was sent to the English College at Rheims, and in the
Douay Diary he is described as a man of great learning (vir
doctissimns}. He was ordained sub-deacon in 1583, and in
the following year deacon and priest.
Towards the close of Jan. 1586, he set out for the English
mission, but the vessel in which he was crossing the Channel
was driven in a storm to the Isle of Wight. Here he was
apprehended on suspicion of being a priest, and was committed
to prison. On this charge he was tried and found guilty, and
was sentenced to death, though he showed that he was cast
on shore against his will, and had not remained in the
kingdom, before his commitment, the number of days men
tioned in the statute. He was executed in the Isle of Wight,
April 25, 1586.
Challoner, Memoirs ; Douay Diaries.
Anderton, Thomas, a Captain in the Royal Army, was
probably a brother of Captain Matthew Anderton, and son of
James Anderton, of Clayton, co. Lancaster, Esq., but as there
were several of this name living in 1642, it is impossible to
decide.
He was killed during the Civil War.
Castlemain, Apology.
Anderton, Thomas, O.S.B., was the sixth son of
William Anderton, Esq., of Euxton, co. Lancaster, by Isabel,
daughter and heiress of William Hancock, of Pendle Hall,
Lower Higham, co. Lancaster, Esq. Both of his parents
suffered heavily for the Faith. His father died in 1618, but his
mother was still paying her fines for recusancy in 1635.
Thomas Anderton was born at Euxton Hall in 1611, and
was sent to the Benedictine Monastery of St. Edmund at Paris,
where he was professed in 1630. He was ordained priest there
six years later, and he successively held the offices of Novice
Master, Sub-prior, and Prior, the latter in 1640-1. He was
Definitor in 1641, and Secretary to the Chapter in 1657. For
a time he retired to a hermitage, but was Prior of St. Bene
dict's Monastery at St. Malo, 1661-6, and once more Prior of
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 43
St. Edmund's, Paris, 1668-9. Shortly afterwards he was sent to
the English mission, and died at Saxton Hall, in Yorkshire,
Oct. 9, 1671.
Snow, Bened. Necrology ; Gillow, Lane. Recusants, MS.
i. History of the Iconoclasts, daring the Reign of the Emperors
Leo Isauricus, Constantin Copronimus, Leo the 4th, Constantin
and Irene, Leo the Armenian, Michael Balbus, Theophilus,
Michael III., and Theodora, s.l., 1671. Svo.
Anderton, Thurston, a Captain in the King's Army during
the Civil War, was wounded at Newbury Fight, and died soon
afterwards in Oxford. He was the third son of Roger An
derton, Esq., of Birchley, fourth son of Christopher Anderton,
Esq., of Lostock.
Castlemain, Apology.
Andrewes, Thomas, of London, bookseller, &c., is named
in Gee's " Foot out of the Snare," in 1624.
Andrews, William Eusebius, journalist, printer, and
author, was born on Dec. 15, 17/3, in the city of Norwich, of
humble but respectable parents, both converts to that religion
of which their son was to become one of the most remarkable
defenders. At an early age Mr. Andrews was apprenticed to
the printers and proprietors of the Norwich Chronicle in his
native city, and here additional opportunities presented them
selves for storing his mind with the historical and general infor
mation which he afterwards turned to such good account.
Shortly after the termination of his apprenticeship, he was
placed in the responsible position of Editor of the journal,
which he continued to conduct for his employers for a period of
fourteen years with great reputation and success. His well-
earned character for knowledge of books and authors, caused
him to be chosen as the agent for the purchase of books from
London for a Book Society, and this gave him additional faci
lities beyond his own limited means for improving his mental
acquirements, of which he availed himself with the most
praiseworthy industry.
He soon, even at this early period of his career, became the
recognized champion of Catholicism in the neighbourhood of
Norwich. So strongly did he feel the importance of Catholics
44 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
availing themselves of the press, for the advocacy and defence
of their religious principles, that at length he could no longer
resist the promptings of the zeal which animated him, and he
resolved to enter the arena of periodical literature, and to
devote himself to the maintenance of Catholic truth and the
cause of Civil and Religious Liberty.
But the limited boundary of a country town did not present
a field for the extensive and bold operations which his ardent
and powerful mind projected for the advancement of that cause
which lay nearest his heart. Accordingly, he resolved to remove
to London, and in the stronghold of Protestantism uprear the
standard of Catholicity. He inscribed on his banner The
Orthodox Journal, a monthly publication in octavo, which
made its first appearance on the ist of July, 1813.
His exertions were attended with marked success and most
cheering encouragement. A new tone was given to Catholic
feeling, and a growing desire was manifested for a combined
effort of the different classes of society to forward the absorb
ing question of Emancipation, by promptly and vigorously re
futing the calumnies invented to serve political objects, or which
were hashed up and seasoned to suit the appetite of pampered
and bigoted ascendency. The disunion, however, occasioned by
the disapproval of the action and policy of the Catholic Board,
in regard to the Emancipation Bills introduced into Parliament,
by Bishop Milner and a large section of the Catholic body,
produced a quarrel which for several years caused the deepest
anxiety and confusion, and threatened to defeat the very object
which both parties had in view.
Dr. Milner and his party received the vigorous support of
the ever-independent editor of The Orthodox Joiirnal, who, it
will shortly appear, had to suffer severely for his temerity.
While engaged in conducting The Orthodox Journal, Mr.
Andrews was solicited to undertake the task of counteracting
the poisonous excitement caused in the neighbourhood of
Glasgow by a bigoted publication called The Protestant. His
zeal for religion induced him to accept the conditions proposed,
and for a year he published a weekly pamphlet at twopence,
which was named The Catholic Vindicator, and admirably he
discharged the duties which that name implies. But an altera
tion of the law, prohibiting the sale of weekly publications for
less than sixpence, and differences on political questions among
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 45
the Catholics of Glasgow, caused him to relinquish this publi
cation with considerable pecuniary loss.
Dr. Milner was a warm friend of the editor, and a frequent
correspondent of The Orthodox Journal, and his often severe
and unsparing denunciations of those whom he conscientiously
considered to be at variance with the interests of the Catholic
cause singularly coincided with the views and sometimes violent
articles of Mr. Andrews ; and such plain-speaking could not
fail to give umbrage, particularly to some who fell under the
Bishop's censures. Accordingly, strong representations were
made to the Holy See, both against the Bishop and also against
The Orthodox Journal, from which certain extracts were sent
to Rome in support of the allegations brought forward. In
consequence of these complaints, the Bishop was cautioned by
the Holy See to subdue his manner, and to refrain from contri
buting by word or writing to the pages of T/ie Orthodox Journal.
The letter of the Prefect of " Propaganda," addressed to Dr.
Milner, was dated April 29, 1830, and expresses the uneasiness
with which his Holiness and the Propaganda have learned the cir
culation in England of a periodical called The Orthodox Journal,
which is calculated, it says, to perpetuate dissensions among the
Catholics of Great Britain ; that the said journal, with the
greatest temerity, grievously blackens by detractions and abuse,
and often even by enormous calumnies, the reputation of several
Catholics, of the Vicars Apostolic themselves, and even ministers
of the Holy See ; that the said journal contains many articles
bearing Dr. Milner's name, and that it is publicly known that
he is one of its chief supporters and writers, and supplies the
editor with many contributions. The document also declares
it to be the will and command of his Holiness that he shall
take no part in future in the said journal, directly or indirectly ;
shall in no way promote or patronize it, nor contribute any
matter or arguments to it, much less afford it any assistance.
This document is altogether so extraordinary that it is no
wonder that Dr. Milner felt that he had been unjustly accused
to the Holy See ; and he accordingly wrote to the editor of
the condemned journal, informing him of his prohibition from
contributing to The Orthodox Journal, but stating that he con
ceived he was at liberty to aid Mr. Andrews in a different kind
of publication.
Thus the political influence and misrepresentation, as the
4 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
opposite party maintained, of the Catholic Board and their
ministerial friends, brought about the discontinuance of The
Orthodox Journal.
Nothing daunted, Mr. Andrews was enabled, by the aid of
a few friends, to establish a weekly stamped newspaper, appa
rently the first Catholic newspaper printed in England, which
appeared in Dec. 1820, entitled The Catholic Advocate of Civil
and Religions Liberty. For nine months he struggled with the
difficulties which opposed his progress, resolutely maintaining
his advocacy of Catholic principles, while steadfastly advocating
his political opinions ; and with such sterling integrity and
good sense did he bear himself in this trying position that a
public body of Protestants openly declared that The Catholic
Advocate was the only paper in England which favoured the
cause of the people. On the discontinuance of that newspaper,
in July 1821, he remained in a state of comparative idleness
until the end of the year, when proposals were made for
publishing two separate periodicals ; one for Catholics, under
the title of The Catholic Miscellany, with a nominal editor ; and
the other, exclusively political, TJie People's Advocate, openly
edited by him. Both works made their appearance in Jan.
1822, but the political pamphlet only survived seven weeks,
and the sole editorship of the other devolved upon him after
the second number. He continued, under very considerable
pecuniary difficulties (and, indeed, part of the time was impri
soned under a vexatious arrest by one of his creditors), to
conduct it until June 1823, when The Miscellany was put into
other hands.
In the previous January, he had been induced to re-establish
The Orthodox Journal, as admitting of a wider scope and freer
tone of argument, and he continued to publish it until the end
of 1824. The mention of several important publications pro
duced by his pen and press during this period has been
purposely omitted in the desire to show a continuous and
uninterrupted view of the indomitable energy and surprising
zeal with which Mr. Andrews endeavoured to maintain a
periodical organ for the expression of Catholic intellect, and
resistance to the bigotry and political injustice of the dominant
party.
On Sept. 25, 1824, he launched the first number of another
venture, The Truthteller, a weekly stamped newspaper. His
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 47
friends raised him about 260 to assist him in the establish
ment of this journal, which was at that particular time greatly
called for. The enormous expenses of a stamped newspaper,
at its then high rate of duty, rendered the capital required
much greater than a similar undertaking nowadays.
But Andrews, never sparing himself when the cause of
religion and liberty was concerned, boldly embarked in his new
attempt and maintained his ground for twelve months, receiving
only the additional aid of ^50 indirectly from the British
Catholic Association, and a loan of 125, which the Committee
of the Association advanced upon the application of his public
friends to enable him to purchase stamps, and which loan was
honourably repaid.
With untiring zeal he continued The Trutkteller in the form
of a pamphlet, and with the same energetic and unbending
firmness as before, he continued his defence of Catholic
principles and practices from the continual attacks made upon
them.
The fourteen volumes of The TrutJiteller contain many
valuable articles from the pen of its editor and his talented
contributors, but this publication was brought to a close by
another temporary division in the Catholic body. The same
" bone of contention," the question of " Securities," for obtaining
the ardently longed-for Emancipation, was again the cause of
his public labours being interrupted. The great differences of
opinion as to the measures recommended by O'Connell found
expression in The TrutJiteller ; and Mr. Andrews, with his usual
disregard of consequences to himself, when he conceived that
he saw any open or lurking danger to religion or public
principle which called for his notice, vehemently and resolutely
assailed O'Connell and combated the course of proceedings
which he advocated. This was more than the enthusiastic
admirers of O'Connell could bear with, and so many persons
withdrew their support from that journal in consequence,
simultaneously with the failure of several of his agents, oc
casioned by the workings of the great commercial panic, that
he was obliged to discontinue it. Mr. Andrews had to face his
creditors, but came out with honour ; and all political parties,
recognizing his eminent services and utility in the cause of
religion, united in raising the sum of ^"320, which enabled him
to meet his engagements with his creditors and continue his
48 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
journal, till the spreading vortex of commercial embarrassments
at this terrible crisis engulfed both his agents and subscribers
in one common destruction. The TrutJiteller was finally sus
pended, April 25, 1829.
Still unsubdued, he again renewed his periodical labours in
The Orthodox Journal, and completed the twelfth volume Dec.
1830. Subsequently he continued his exertions in The British
Liberator for a brief season, and in August, 1831, brought
out his Constitutional Preceptor and MontJdy Intelligencer ; and
finally, Sept. i, 1832, when the taste of the day for cheap
literature called forth The Penny Magazine, and its host of
competitors, he once more started The Orthodox Journal, as a
weekly candidate for public favour. The tide of popularity
again turned on his attractive publication. The increased
demand obliged him to enlarge his little venture, and double
its price ; and the anger of his Irish friends having somewhat
abated, he again received their support in that character, which
all his opponents admitted he admirably sustained that of a
champion of Catholicism.
He hoisted the " Union Jack " at the main, and The London
and Dublin Orthodox Journal became the title of his little
periodical from the summer of 1835, and it received the latest
productions of his ever-active mind.
His exertions in other departments of the press, removed
from periodical literature, were marked by the same untiring
zeal and laborious efforts in the cause of Catholicism and
rational freedom, of which his review of Fox's Book of Martyrs
is the greatest example. He was the originator and principal
support of the Catholic Defence and Tract Societies, and in
1826 established the Society of "The Friends of Civil and
Religious Liberty," which in little more than a year circulated
nearly half a million tracts at the small expense of 450,
principally owing to Mr. Andrews' gratuitous management of
the agency and correspondence. He was also the parent of
the " Metropolitan Tract Society," and of other societies with
similar objects. As a politician he was an ardent and steady
Reformer, attached to the forms and principles of the British
Constitution, and possessed of an instinctive distrust of all who
professed liberality whilst acting in an arbitrary and uncon
stitutional manner. He was a true Christian,- humble and
earnest in his piety, faithful and unswerving in his belief. He
OF TPIE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 49
died, after a short illness, April 7, 1837, in his 64th year,
leaving a son and daughter behind him who continued The
Orthodox Journal until Dec. 31, 1842.
OrtJiodox Journal, April, 1837; Husenbeth, Life of Dr.
Milner ; Flanagan, Hist, of Ch.
i. The Orthodox Journal and Catholic Monthly Intelligencer,
issued July i, 1813, edited, printed, and published in London by W. E.
Andrews, 8vo., which continued until December, 1820, when it was suspended
in consequence of the censure on Dr. Milner, one of the chief supporters of
the journal, in the letter of the Prefect of Propaganda, dated April 29,
1820.
In Jan. 1823, The Orthodox Journal was revived by Andrews, and
it continued until the end of 1824, when it was again suspended in conse
quence of the editor being induced to try a weekly stamped newspaper called
" The Truthteller."
After the final suspension of the latter, The Orthodox Journal was
again revived, vol. ii., May to Dec. 1829, Third Series, and continued until
the twelfth volume was completed, Dec. 1830.
On Sept. 8, 1832, the journal was once more started under the title of
The Weekly Orthodox Journal of Entertaining Christian Know
ledge, with an illustration every fortnight.
After completing four volumes, a new series was commenced under the
title of The London and Dublin Orthodox Journal cf Useful Know
ledge, the first volume commencing July 4, and ending Dec. 26, 1835.
Andrews died in the middle of the fourth volume of this series, April/, 1837,
and during his short illness and after his death, the volume was continued, at
his request, by Mr. John Reed, until Peter Paul Andrews, the son, was enabled
to complete his engagements in Liverpool.
The fifth volume commenced under the editorship of P. P. Andrews, July I,
1837, and continued until the expiration of the I5th and last volume, Dec. 31,
1842. It was printed and published at the old address, Duke Street, Little
Britain, London, by Peter Paul Andrews and his sister Mary. The same style,
8vo., double columns, with engravings of churches, colleges, monasteries, por
traits, and miscellaneous subjects, continued to the end.
2. The Catholic School-Book, Lond. 1814, 8vo., compiled and pub
lished shortly after his arrival in London to rescue Catholic children from
the insults and dangerous language of the school-books in use, being the first
attempt of the kind in England.
3. The Historical Narrative of the Horrid Plot and Conspiracy
of Titus Gates. Lond. 1816. 8vo.
Which was written to prove to Protestants the falsehoods and infamous
perjuries which were put forward to prejudice Catholics and justify penal
enactments.
4. The Catholic Vindicator ; a Weekly Paper in Reply to " The
Protestant." Lond.
This pamphlet, published weekly at twopence, was written entirely by
VOL. I. E
5<D BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Andrews, to counteract the excitement caused by the bigoted Glasgow journal
called " The Protestant." It commenced Dec. 5, 1818, and lasted to Dec. 4,
1819, forming a volume of 830 pages, and was discontinued through an
alteration in the law, which prohibited the sale of weekly publications for a
less price than 6d., and the differences on political questions among the leading
Catholics of Glasgow.
5. The Catholic Advocate of Civil and Religious Liberty. Lond.
Established in Dec. 1820 as a weekly stamped newspaper, apparently
the first Catholic newspaper printed in England, and at one time openly
declared by a public body of Protestants to be the only paper in England
which favoured the cause of the people. It was discontinued in July, 1821,
through insuperable difficulties opposing its zealous editor's progress.
6. The People's Advocate. Lond. An exclusively political pamphlet,
openly edited by Andrews, commenced Jan. 1822, but only survived seven
weeks.
7. The Catholic Miscellany, and Monthly Repository of In
formation. Lond. 8vo., printed and published by and for Ambrose Cuddon,
2, Carthusian Street, Charterhouse Square, 8vo., single columns.
This magazine was commenced Jan. I, 1822, by Andrews and Ambrose
Cuddon, under the nominal editorship of the latter, though the sole editor
ship devolved upon Andrews after the second number, and it so remained
until June, 1823, price is. It was then continued by Cuddon, and subse
quently by the Rev. T. M. M'Donnell, until May, 1830, when it ceased to
exist.
It was well got up, printed on fair paper and with good type, besides being
embellished with numerous plates.
8. The Ashton Controversy.
A bigoted parson of the name of Sibson took it into his head, in 1822,
to issue a collection of slanders against the Catholic faith. Andrews was
requested by the Preston Catholics to enter the lists against the Lancashire
parson ; and in eighteen pamphlets of 24 pp. each completely defeated and
silenced his opponent.
They were published in London in 1822 and 1823, sm. 8vo., some of which
bore the following titles :
A Word of Advice, 1822 ; A Letterto Parson Sibson's Flock,
1822 ; A Letter to Parson Sibson on his Rhodomontades against
Indulgences and Matrimony, Jan. i, 1823 ; A Tilt at the Champion,
1823 ; A Second Letter to Parson Sibson on the Foundation of his
Church, his ignorance on Holy Orders, and the Shameful Bible
Corruptions of Protestants, Feb. i, 1823; A Second Tilt at the
Champion ; or, the Wickedness and Duplicity of the Partisans of
the Pretended Reformation Unveiled, Feb. 24, 1823; An Address
to the Protestants of Lancashire, March, 1823 ; A Second Address
to the Protestants of Lancashire, containing a Correct Account of
the Inquisition ; Exposure of Sibson's Logic ; a Detection of his
Falsehoods, and other interesting Topics, March 25, 1823; A Doc
trinal Lash at the Champion, with a Traditional Switch for
Parson Sibson, on the Doctrine of Purgatory and Praying for
the Dead, April 8, 1823 ; A Third Letter to Parson Sibson's Flock,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 51
in which his exposition of the Safety and Danger of Salvation is
Examined and Refuted, June 18, 1823.
There were six more pamphlets in the same controversy written by
Andrews.
9. A Critical and Historical Review of Fox's Book of Martyrs,
showing the inaccuracies, falsehoods, and misrepresentations in
that work of deception. Lond. 1824-6, 3 vols. 8vo. ; a second edition
was in the press at the time of the author's death in 1837 ; 1853, 2 vols. I2mo.
In 1823 a Protestant Society in Southwark deluged the whole Metropolis
with the prospectus of the publication of Fox's Book of Martyrs, a proceeding
so offensive to the Catholics that numbers of the working classes resolved to
aid Andrews to refute it by raising funds for defraying the preliminary expenses
and securing circulation. For this purpose, at his suggestion, Defence Societies
were formed throughout the populous towns of the kingdom, and .50 was
raised, and moderate support assured during publication. With this
encouragement. Andrews commenced his Review, on Nov. 5, 1823, and in
spite of difficulties continued the work until three good-sized volumes were
completed. His warm friend and supporter, Dr. Milner, highly approved of
this work. It was illustrated with numerous woodcuts, of secondary quality,
taken from Verstigan's " Theatrum Crudelitatum," and similar works.
10. The Truthteller, a weekly stamped newspaper, commenced Sept. 25,
1824, and continued for twelve months.
11. The Truthteller; a Weekly Political Pamphlet, Lond. 8vo.,
price 6</., single columns, 35pp., with the motto, " Truth is powerful, and
will prevail," on each number. No. i commenced Oct. i, 1825 ; No. 2,
Oct. 15; No. 3, Oct. 29; and weekly from Nov. 5 to the completion of
vol. i., Dec. 31. The second volume commenced Jan. 7, 1826, and so on, a
volume quarterly, until vol. xiv., Jan 3 to April 25, 1829, when the work was
finally closed.
12. The Catholic Friend: containing the Calendar; Original
Essays on the Catholic Religion, History, and Institutions ;
Answers to Attacks on the same ; Miscellaneous Information,
&c. ; to be continued fortnightly, by W. E. Andrews, assisted by
several literary gentlemen. Lond., printed and published by the
Editor, No. 3, Chapterhouse Court, St. Paul's. The title-page bears a small
representation of Our Lady. 8vo. No. I, Candlemas Day, 1825, 16 pp. ;
No. 2, St. Valentine's Day, pp. 17-32 ; No. 3, St. David's Day, pp. 33-48 ;
No. 4, St. Patrick's Day, pp. 49-64.
These were probably all that were published.
13. The British Liberator had a short life in the beginning of 1831.
14. Andrews' Constitutional Preceptor and Monthly Intelli
gencer, edited, printed, and published by W. E. Andrews, at 2, Oxford
Arms Passage, Warwick Lane, Lond. 8vo., price is. No. I, Aug. 1831,
single columns, which continued for six months.
15. Plowden's History of Ireland, from the Invasion by
Henry II. to the Union with Great Britain. To which is prefixed
a Dissertation on the Antiquity of Irish History. Second Edition,
edited and amended by W. E. A. Lond. 1831. 8vo.
This was an abridgment of the original work.
E 2
52 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
1 6. The Catholic's Vade Mecum.
17. Popery Triumphant! A right doleful-clerical-comical
drama ; as performed at the Upper Rooms, Bath, on 10th of
December, 1833, by some of his Majesty's servants of the law
church, assisted by a few Dissenting preachers, Members of the
British Reformation Society, with a Commentary on each per
former. Lond. 1833, 8vo.
1 8. The Two Systems.
19. The End of Religious Controversy, by Dr. Milner, Bishop
of Castabala. Edited by W. E. Andrews, with the addition of the letters
to Dr. Grier, in vindication of certain passages contained in it. Lond. I2mo. ;
republished 1853 and 1859, I2mo.
20. Several controversial letters at Preston, Wexford, &c.
21. Portrait, half- figure, T. Overton, del., E. Scriven, sc., inscribed
" William Eusebius Andrews, Editor of ' The Orthodox Journal,' " Lond.
pub. Oct. 1820, by W. E. A., 8, Drake Street, prefixed to vol. ii., Third Series,
May to December, 1829, of "The Orthodox Journal," 8vo.
Ann, John, martyr, was a younger son of the ancient
family of Ann, of Frickley, in the parish of Hooton Pagnell,
West Riding, Yorkshire, where he was born. In the early
period of the family history they are frequently spoken of as
D'Anne, which indicates a territorial origin. It is said that
the noble French family of Morency, or Montmorency, derives
its origin from the Yorkshire family of Ann. The peculiarity
of the name has led to many blunders. The martyr's name is
erroneously spelt Amias and Annasius in the Douay Diaries and
Catalogues of Martyrs. He was ordained priest at the College
at Rheims, March 25, 1581, and sent upon the mission on the
$th of June following. He fell into the hands of the
pursuivants, and was condemned to die the death of a traitor
on account of his priestly character, and suffered at York on
March 16, 1588-9,
Challoner, Memoirs ; Foley, Records S.J., vol. vii. p. 1 4.
Anlaby, or Andleby, William, martyr, was a gentleman
by birth, Etton, in Yorkshire, being his native place. He
matriculated at Cambridge as a pensioner of St. John's College,
Nov. 12, 1567, proceeding B.A. in 1571.
He had been brought up in the Protestant religion, and
entertained a strong aversion to the Church of Rome, but when
about 25 years of age, during his travels on the Continent
he met with Dr. Allen at Douay, who had but recently insti-
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 53
tuted the English College there for the supply of missionaries
to England.
The interesting particulars of Mr. Anlaby's conversion by
Dr. Allen are related by Challoner in his Memoirs. He was
ordained priest at Chateaux Cambresis, and returned to England
to labour as a missioner in his native county in 15/8.
After twenty years' labours, and many wonderful adventures
and narrow escapes, he was at length seized, and condemned to
death for being a priest.
He was hanged, drawn, and quartered at York, July 4, i 597*
Dodd, Ck. Hist., vol. ii. p. 72 ; Cooper, Ath. Cantab., vol. ii.
p. 225 ; Challoner, Memoirs.
Annesley, Henry, D.D., a native of the diocese of Oxford,
was admitted into Douay College, April 1 1, I 579. On Aug. 21,
following, he left with five others to proceed on foot to the
English College, Rome, where he was admitted Oct. 1 7, at the
age of 1 8. He was ordained priest there in 1585. He after
wards became licentiate of divinity, and was appointed a Canon
of Monaco. The date of his death is not recorded, but he was
alive in 1612.
Pitscens, De Illus. Angl. Script. ; Foley, Roman Diary,
Records S.J.
i. Thesis de Beata Maria Virgine.
Anstey, Henry Frampton, Esq., was received into the
Church in 1842. The greater portion of his life was spent in
Tasmania, where he was distinguished as a kind and liberal
landlord, and for his charity to the poor in proportion to
the ample means which God had given him.
Tasmania owes him much for his enlightened advocacy of its
civil interests as a Member of its Legislature.
The last two years of his life he spent in Rome, where he
died July 8, 1862, aged 40.
He was created a Knight of the Order of St. Gregory
by Pius IX., and by special privilege was buried in the church
of Santa Maria del Populo.
Tablet, July 19, 1862.
54 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
i. During his stay in Rome he was the writer of the racy Roman Letter
to the Tablet.
Appleton, James, divine, was the son of Mr. James
Appleton, and his wile Mary Smith, of Norfolk, and at the age
of 19, in 1/62, was sent to Douay College, where he was
ordained priest. Soon after he came on the mission he
accompanied the sons of Sir William Jerningham, Bart., in a
tour on the Continent.
After his return he lived some years as chaplain in the
family of Michael Blount, Esq., at Mapledurham ; then in that of
Thomas Giffard, Esq., at Chillington ; next at Mawley, the seat
of Sir Walter Blount, Bart.; and lastly, in 1804, he settled
at Stafford, where he continued until his death, March 2, 1813,
aged 71.
Douay Diaries ; Kirk, Biog. Coll., M.S. Westm. Archiepis,
A r chives.
1. Pious Lectures, by C. P. Lhomond. Trans, by Rev. James
Appleton. Lond. 1794. 8vo.
2. Theophilus ; or the Pupil instructed in the Principles, the
Obligations, and the Resources of the Roman Catholic Religion.
Lond. 1795. 8vo.
From La Doctrine Chre"tienne of L'Homond.
3. Discourses for all the Sundays and Festivals of the Year,
on the Various Duties of Religion, as taught by the Catholic
Church. Lond. 1800, 8vo. ; 1852, 8vo. An edition of his sermons was
published in 3 vols.
4. An Analysis, or Detailed Explication of the Gospels read
in the Mass on the Sundays and Festivals throughout the Year.
Lond. 1814. 8vo.
Reprinted, Dublin, 1853. 8vo.
Apsley, Charles, of a noble English family, was received
at the English College, Douay, May i, 1589, and left for Paris
July 26, following.
Douay Diaries.
i. Holy Pictures of the Mystical! Figures of the most holy
Sacrament and Sacrifice of the Eucharist set forth in French
by Lewis Richome, Provinciall of the Society of Jesus, And
Translated into English for the benefit of those of that Nation,
as well Protestants as Catholicks, by C. A. Printed with Licence,
1619. Title, i leaf; Translator's Preface, 2 leaves, signed C. A.; Author's
Preface, &c., 3 leaves; Licence dated Sorbonne, 17 March, 1601 ; pp. 300;
Table, &c., 7 leaves.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 55
Archer, James, D.D., was born in London, Nov. 17, 1751,,
and was the son of Peter Archer and his wife Bridget Lahey.
He was employed at a public-house called The Ship, in Turn
Style, Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, where Catholics were accustomed
for many years to meet for divine service in a large club-room.
His devout behaviour and natural abilities coming under the
notice of Dr. Challoner, he was sent to Douay College in
1769. Here he was ordained priest, and, in June 1780, returned
to London to commence his labours on the mission in the very
public-house in which he had formerly served. This was the
year of the Gordon Riots ; indeed, the newly ordained missioner
arrived in London only a few days after the furious mob had
burned the chapels and plundered and destroyed the houses of
the Catholics. Under these circumstances it was more ne
cessary than ever to assemble in secrecy for the celebration of
holy Mass, and it is related that when Dr. Archer commenced
his preaching in the club-room at The Ship, pots of beer were
placed on the tables as " a blind."
He was a most eloquent pulpit orator and an indefatigable
missionary. His whole missionary career for half a century was
earnestly devoted to preaching the Gospel on each returning
Sunday, and it is thought that he never missed one through
that extended period.
He is described as very short in stature, perhaps not more
than five feet one or two. But he had a magnificent head, his
brow was wonderfully ample and intellectual, and his deep
grey eyes shone with a flashing brilliancy until his seventieth
year and upwards. His voice was silvery in tone, musical and
wonderfully distinct in the pulpit. He was justly considered
the most eloquent preacher in England.
Charles Butler, referring to his style of preaching, says :
" It has been his aim to satisfy Reason, whilst he pleased,
charmed, and instructed her ; to impress upon the mind just
notions of the mysteries and truths of the Gospel ; and to show
that the ways of virtue are the ways of pleasantness, and her
paths the paths of peace. No one has returned from any of
his sermons without impressions favourable to virtue, or with
out some practical lesson which, through life, probably in a
few days, perhaps even in a few hours, it would be useful for
him to remember." After passing further encomium, Mr.
Butler adds : " To almost every Protestant library, and to
56 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
many a Protestant toilet, Mr. Archer's sermons have found
their way."
The Rev. Edward Price gives a long description of him in a
foot-note to one of his missionary stories in " Sick Calls," of
which the following is an extract :
"Shortly after my conversion, in the year 1822, I saw the
venerable little man for the first time out of the pulpit. He
was busily employed in looking over some books in front of an
old shop in Holborn. I stood behind him for more than five
minutes gazing with reverence upon him whose eloquent sermons
had been so mainly instrumental in promoting my conversion.
His dress was certainly rather slovenly. A long brown great
coat, much the worse for wear, nearly down to his heels ; an old
broad-brimmed hat, and thick-soled shoes a world too wide for
his feet, and which had evidently been soled a score of times.
Though I took in these discrepancies at a glance, I thought
not of them but of the mind and heart they concealed."
This description is typical of many of those fine old priests
who lived in the days of religious intolerance. In those times
the priests generally wore brown, and it has elsewhere been
stated that the Rev. Joseph Berington was the first to assume
black cloth.
For many years Dr. Archer was Vicar- General of the London
District ; and the Pope, in recognition of his missionary labours,
his talents as a preacher, and his published works, conferred
upon him the degree of Doctor in Divinity at the same date
with Dr. Lingard, Dr. Fletcher, and Dr. Gradwell.
He found a peaceful, happy end in the family of Mr. Booker,
the publisher, in whose house he had resided for more than
twenty-five years. He died Aug. 22, 1834, aged 82.
Douay Diaries ; Butler, Memoirs of the Eng. Catholics ;
Husenbeth, Life of Bishop Milner ; Price, Sick Calls; Kirk,
Biog. Coll., MS. ArcJiiep. Archives, Westm. ; Cath. Mag.,
Sept. 1834.
i. Sermons on Various Moral and Religious Subjects for all
the Sundays in the Year, and some of the Principal Festivals
of the Year. Lond. 1787; Second Edit., Lond. 1788, 2 vols. 8vo. ; Third
Edit., Lond. 1816, 2 vols. 8vo.
Incorporated with Sermons for the Principal Festivals of the Year.
Lond. 1784, 5 vols. 8vo.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 57
2. Second Series. Lond. 1801, i2mo., 3 vols. ; Second Edit. 1822,
2 vols. 8vo.
3. Third Series. Lond. 1827, 2 vols. 8vo.
4. Sermons on Various Moral and Religious Subjects for all
Sundays, and some of the Principal Festivals of the Year.
Lond, 1789, 8vo. ; Second Edit. 1794, 4 vols. I2mo. ; Third Edit. 1817,
2 vols. 8vo. Incorporated with Sermons for all Sundays, Lond. 1794,
5 vols. 8vo.
5. Sermon on the Festival of St. Patrick (on Eccl. xliv.)
preached the 18th March, 1793. Lond. 1793. 8vo.
6. Sermons on Matrimonial Duties, and other moral and
religious subjects. Lond. 1804. i2mo.
7. A Letter to J. Milner, Vicar- Apostolic of the Midland
District (Being a Reply to a letter in which he accuses the author
of immorality). Lond. 1810. 8vo.
Dr. Milner denounced the mixture of erroneous and dangerous morality
in two sets of Dr. Archer's sermons, more especially those on Humility, on
the Passions, and on the means of subduing the Passions, and he absolutely
forbad them to be publicly read in the chapels of his district ; but the good
bishop was too severe in his censure, even allowing for his characteristic use
of strong language and arbitrary action. He condemned the preacher's
disdain of controversy, his affected liberality in soothing rather than rousing
the just apprehensions of his heterodox and schismatical hearers, and his
indulgent compounding with the dangerous amusements of the theatre, as
quite an opposite tendency to the lessons of the holy Fathers and approved
Doctors of the Church in all ages. This strong denunciation appeared in
a Pastoral, Part II., April 12, 1813, which was printed, but not published.
8. A Sermon (on Matt. ii. [i.e., xi.] 2), on Universal Benevo
lence, containing some Reflections on Religious Persecution,
and the alleged proceedings at Nismes. Second Edit., Lond. 1816.
Svo.
9. A Bust of Dr. Archer was published by P. Turnerelli, sculptor,
Lond., in 1818.
10. Portrait, engraved by Turner, from the painting by James Ramsay,
1826.
Arden, Edward, Esq., of Park Hall, Warwick, of an
ancient family and considerable fortune, was born in 1532.
His father dying during his infancy, he became ward to Sir
George Throckmorton, of Coughton Court, whose daughter he
afterwards married.
In 1583 he was indicted at Warwick for plotting against
the Queen's life, together with his wife, his son-in-law, John
Sommerville, and Hugh Hall, a priest. He was afterwards
carried to London, and arraigned at the Guildhall, Dec. 16,
when he was condemned to die, chiefly by the evidence of
Hugh Hall, and executed at Smithfield, Dec. 20, 1583. The
58 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
other three were also condemned, as accomplices. Mr. Sommer-
ville was found strangled in prison, Dec. 1 9, the day before the
execution. Mrs. Arden and Hugh Hall were pardoned. There
was a great deal of mystery in this tragical story. Camden,
in his Annals of Queen Elizabeth, says : " It was generally
imputed to Leicester's malice, whose heavy displeasure Mr.
Arden had certainly incurred, and not without cause ; for he
had rashly opposed him in all he could, reproach'd him as an
adulterer, and defamed him as an upstart, with other ill names,
says Echard, he had too much deserv'd."
Hence it is surmised that Hall was suborned to destroy this
unhappy gentleman, and Mr. Sommerville, a distracted person,
craftily drawn in to be a party ; for, as Mr. Camden describes
him, " he was no better than a madman. In all haste he took
a journey to the Queen's Court ; and breathing nothing but
blood against the Protestants, he furiously set upon one or two
by the way with his drawn sword." Dugdale also asserts that
the Earl of Leicester had a particular spleen against Mr. Arden,,
as he had often heard from sundry aged persons of credit. All
these circumstances plead strongly in favour of Mr. Arden,.
who died " protesting his innocence of every charge, and
declaring that his only crime was the profession of the Catholic
religion."
Rishtoris Diary ; Fr. Morris's Condition of Catholics ; Dodd>
Ck. Hist., vol. ii. p. 151 ; Concertatio Eccles. Angl. ; Foley s
Records S.J., vol. iii. p. 800.
Arne, Michael, musician, was the son of Dr. Arne, and
was born about the year i 740. He was brought up by his
aunt, Mrs. Gibber, and showed so early a genius for music,
that at the age of ten or eleven he was able to play on the
harpsichord all the lessons of Handel and Scartatti with great
correctness and rapidity, and it was thought that even then he
could play at sight as well as any performer living.
In 1764, in conjunction with Mrs. Buttishill, he produced at
Drury Lane Theatre the opera of " Alcmena," but it was not
very successful.
The opera of " Cymon," performed at the King's Theatre,,
brought him both profit and fame.
Shortly afterwards he became a convert to the ridiculous
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 59
folly of those who believed in the transmutation of metals and
the philosopher's stone, but, after spending all his money, he
had sufficient sense to resume his professional career, and com
posed music for Covent Garden, Vauxhall, and Ranelagh.
As a composer, Michael did not possess that happy taste
nor that power of writing beautiful melody which were so con
spicuous in his father. Yet there is a certain good sense
which pervades all his works, though it must at the same time
be observed that if some of them were less complex they would
perhaps be more pleasing. Upon the whole, however, his
merits very justly entitle him to a high and distinguished rank
amongst English composers. He died in 1808.
Rose, Biog. Diet.
Arne, Thomas Augustine, Doctor of Music, was born
in London, May 28, 1710, and was the son of an upholsterer
in King Street, Covent Garden, at whose house the Indian
kings lodged in the reign of Queen Anne, as mentioned by
Addison in the Spectator (No. 50).
He was sent to Eton, where he early evinced his predilec
tion for music ; for, to the annoyance of his school-fellows, he
was constantly practising, when not engaged with his studies,
upon a miserable cracked flute.
His love for music was so great, indeed, that, after he left
Eton, as he himself stated, he was accustomed to borrow a
livery of a servant, and thus gain admittance to the gallery of
the Opera House, then appropriated to domestics. At home
he had contrived to secrete a spinet in his room, upon which,
when the family had retired to rest, he used to practise after
muffling the strings with a handkerchief.
At length his father articled him to an attorney, but even
during this servitude he devoted every moment of leisure he
could obtain to the study of music. Besides practising upon
the spinet, and studying composition by himself, he managed,
even at this time, to acquire some instructions on the violin
from Festing. Upon this instrument he made such progress,
that soon after he had abandoned the law, his father, calling
accidentally at a gentleman's house in the neighbourhood, was
astonished to find his son in the act of playing the first fiddle
in a musical party.
6O BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Acknowledging the futility of contending against so powerful
an inclination, the father permitted him to receive regular
musical instructions, and his proficiency on the violin was soon
so great that he was engaged as leader of the orchestra at
Drury Lane.
On discovering that his sister had a sweet-toned voice, he
gave her such instruction as soon enabled her to sing for Lampe,
in his opera of " Amelia ; " and finding her well received, he
quickly prepared a new character for her by setting Addison's
opera of " Rosamond," in which he employed his younger brother
likewise as the page.
This musical drama was first performed, March 7, 1733, at
the theatre in Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, and was received with
universal applause.
He next composed music for Fielding's " Tom Thumb,"
xvhich he got transformed into a burlesque opera in the Italian
manner, and it was performed with great success at the theatre
in the Haymarket, many members of the Royal Family being
present on the first nights of its appearance.
In 1738 Arne established his reputation as a lyric and
dramatic composer by the admirable manner in which he set
Milton's " Comus." In this he introduced a light, airy, original,
and pleasing melody, wholly different from that of Purcell or
Handel, whom all English composers had hitherto imitated.
Indeed, the melody of Arne at this time (and of his Vauxhall
songs afterwards) forms an era in English music. It was so
easy, natural, and agreeable to the whole kingdom, that it soon
had an effect upon the national taste.
In 1 740 he set Mallet's masque of " Alfred," in which
41 Rule Britannia " is introduced a song and chorus which has
been justly said to have wafted the fame of Arne over the
greater portion of the habitable world.
The same year he married Miss Cecilia Young, a vocalist of
considerable reputation; and upon her engagement, in 1745,
at Vauxhall, he became composer for that place of amusement.
In 1742 he visited Ireland, where he remained two years ;
and in 1 744 was a second time engaged as composer for Drury
Lane Theatre, his previous engagement there having been in
1736.
In 1759 the University of Oxford conferred upon him the
degree of Doctor in. Music.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 6 1
The opera of " Artaxerxes," the most celebrated of his
works, was produced in 1762. It is composed in the Italian
style of that day, consisting entirely of recitative airs and
duets.. Its success was complete, and from that time almost to
the present day it has kept possession of the lyrical stage.
The opera of " Love in a Village " contains many songs by
him, and he is said to have arranged the music for per
formance.
His latest productions were the opera of the " Fairies ; " the
music to Mason's tragedies of " Elfrida " and " Caractacus ; "
additions to the music of Purcell in " King Arthur ; " songs of
Shakespeare, and music for the Stratford Jubilee.
His oratorios were never successful, for it is said his con
ceptions were not sufficiently great, nor his learning sufficiently
profound, for that species of composition.
He died of a spasmodic complaint, and was buried in the
church of St. Paul, Covent Garden. His death is thus recorded
in the diary of his friend, William Mawhood " Thursday,
Mar. 5, 17/8, Dr. Arne died this even at 5 o'clock."
He had been brought up a Catholic by his parents, and
though it has been stated that he had neglected his religious
duties, he was a constant attendant at the chapels attached to
the Sardinian and Portuguese Embassies, and composed for
the choir of the former two Masses, one in four, the other in
three parts. Charles Butler says : " The former was exquisite ;
it is, what all Church music should be, solemn and impressive ;
the harmony correct and simple ; the melody slow and
graceful."
He died in a devout and penitent state of mind, attended
by all the consolations of religion. It is said he sang a
" hallelujah " about an hour before he expired.
The only productions of Arne which had decided and un
equivocal success were " Comus " and " Artaxerxes," which were
produced twenty-four years from each other, though of nearly
one hundred and fifty pieces brought on the stage at the two
theatres, from the time of his composing " Rosamond " to his
death, a period of forty-five years, thirty of them at least were
set by him.
His ballads, containing an agreeable mixture of Italian,
Scotch, and English melody, have not been surpassed, and
seldom equalled.
62 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
His wife, Cecilia, was a pupil of Geminiani, and sang for the
first time in public at Drury Lane, in 1730, and was con
sidered the first English female singer of her time. She died
about 1795.
Rose, Biog. Diet. ; Butler, Memoirs ; Maivhood, Diary, MS.
Arrowsmith, Edmund, Father S. J., martyr, was born
at Haydock, in the parish of Winwick, Lancashire, 1585. His
father, Robert Arrowsmith, and many other members of the
family, were stout recusants and suffered for the faith both in
fines and imprisonment. His mother, Margery Gerard, of the
ancient Lancashire Catholic family represented by the present
Lord Gerard, was a widow in 1599, in which year she was
fined for her recusancy.
The martyr was christened Bryan, but adopted the name of
Edmund which he received in confirmation.
He made his humanity studies at Douay College, and in
consequence of ill-health was ordained priest early, at Arras, in
1612, and sent to the English mission the following year.
After ten years spent in missionary labour in his native
county, it is said that he entered the Society of Jesus in the
London Novitiate, in 1623, under the name of Edmund Brad-
shaw. At length he was basely betrayed by a young man
named Holden, and his wife, committed to Lancaster Castle,
tried at the Lancaster summer assizes 1628, found guilty of
high treason for being a priest and Jesuit, and suffered upon the
gallows, Sept. 7, 1628, aged 43.
More, Hist. Prov. Aug. S.J. ; Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Oliver, Collec
tanea S.J. ; Bro. Foley, Records S.J., vol. ii. and vii. ; Challoner,
Memoirs.
1. A True and Exact Relation of the Death of two Catholicks,
who suffered for their religion at the Summer Assizes held at
Lancaster, 1628. 1630. 8vo.
2. A True and Exact Relation of the Death of two Catholieks
who suffered for their Religion at the Summer Assizes, held at
Lancaster, in the Year 1628. Republished with some Additions,
on account of a wonderful Cure wrought by the Intercession
of one of them, F. Edmund Arrowsmith, a Priest of the Society
of Jesus, in the Person of Thomas Hawarden, son of Caryl
Hawarden, Appleton, within Widnes in Lancashire. The death
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 63
of the generous Layman Richard Herst was not to be omitted,
that the happy Cause, which united them in their Sufferings,
may jointly preserve their Memories. Lond. 1737. 8vo.
Embellished with portraits of the two martyrs.
This very rare tract was thought by Dr. Oliver to be compiled by Fr.
Cornelius Morphy, S J., and differs considerably from the earlier relation.
Dodd doubted the admission of Fr. Arrowsmith into the Society, but Bro.
Foley, in his very ample biography of the martyr (Records S.J., vol. ii.)
produces strong, if not conclusive, evidence of the fact. The martyr's hand,
which was preserved by the Gerard family at Bryn, is still shown and held
in veneration at the chapel of St. Oswald, Ashton, Lancashire.
3. Vita et martyrium R. D. D. Edmundi Arrowsmith, an
original MS. in the valuable collection of MSS. at Oscott College, in the
volume of the Rev. Alban Butler's collection of materials for aiding Bishop
Challoner in his Memoirs of Missionary Priests.
4. Notes concerning Mr. Arrowsmith's Death, an ancient MS.,
n. 48, MSS. in Arch. Dioc. Westm.
5. On Mr. Edmund Arrowsmith, in an old hand scarce legible,
in a separate leaf in 4to, dated 16th August, 1631 ; copied in the
handwriting of Rev. Alban Butler in the previously referred to volume at
Oscott, entitled " Memoirs of Missionary Priests, MSS."
6. Relation of Mr. Rigby's (Arrowsmith) Martyrdom. In the
collection of MSS. of the Episcopal Archives of Southwark, p. 73.
Fr. Arrowsmith was sometimes known under the aliases of Bradshaw and
Rigby, and was, indeed, indicted at his trial in the latter name.
Most of the above MSS. are printed in Bro. Foley's Records S.J., vol. ii.
7. Recit veritable de la cruante et Tyrannie faicte en Angle-
terre a 1'endroit du Pere Edmond Arosmith de la compagnie de
Jesus. Paris, 1629. 8vo. pp. 16.
8. His portrait was engraved 8vo. and published in the 1737 English
Relation, and bears the inscription, Edmundus Arrowsmith, Soc. Jesu,
TPidei odio suspensus et dissectus, Lancastrise, 1628.
9. A picture of his execution was published by Thomas Haydock in his
Edit, of Challoner's Memoirs, Svo.
Arrowsmith, Thurstan, yeoman, of Haydock, Lanca
shire, being convicted of recusancy, was committed by the
Earl of Derby to the gaol at Salford, March 29, 1582, where
he stoutly refused to conform to the new religion, though every
effort was made by the keeper of the prison, Robert Worsley,
to induce him to do so. He died in prison, in 1583, other
wise he would probably have suffered martyrdom with his
fellow-prisoner, John Finch. He was the grandfather of Fr.
Edmund Arrowsmith, the martyr, and father of Dr. Edmund
Arrowsmith.
Recusant Rolls, P.R.O. ; Foley, Records S.J., vol. iii.
64 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Arundel and Surrey, Alathea Talbot, Countess of,
was one of the three daughters and eventually sole heiress of
Gilbert, seventh Earl of Shrewsbury, K.G., by Mary, daughter
of his stepmother (Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of John
Hardwick, of Hardwick Hall, co. Derby), by her first husband,
Sir William Cavendish, ancestor of the Dukes of Devonshire.
In 1606 she married Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, son of
the unfortunate Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, who died in
the Tower in 1595. Her husband, deprived by his father's
attainder of the honours and greatest part of the family estates,
had only the title of Lord Maltravers by courtesy during the
reign of Elizabeth, but was restored by Act of Parliament
i James I., 1603, to all such titles of honour and precedence
as his father had lost, and also to the baronies lost by the
attainder of his grandfather, Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, and, in
1621, he was created Earl Marshal, and Earl of Norfolk
in 1644, dying on Oct. 4, two years later.
Her ladyship survived her husband many years.
Allibone, Biog. Diet. ; Burke, Peerage.
i. Nature embowelled ; her choicest secrets digested into
receipts, whereunto are annexed many rare and hitherto unim-
pared inventions. Lond. 1665, with portrait by Hollar.
Arundel, Mary, Countess of, was the daughter of Sir John
Arundell, of Llanherne, in Cornwall, and was first married to
Robert Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex, and afterwards to Henry
Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, and died Oct. 20, 1557.
Park, Walpole, Royal and Noble Authors; Allibone, Biog,
Diet. ; Cooper, Biog. Diet.
1. Alexandri Severi Sententiae et Res Gestse, ex Anglico in
Sermonem Latinum versse per Mariam Arundell et Joannum
Radcliffum. A translation from the English, MS. in the Royal Library.
2. Selectae Sententise Septem Sapientum Greecorum. A trans
lation from the Greek.
3. Similitudines ex Platonis, Aristotelis, Seneca, et aliorum
Philosophorum Libris collectas.
Ded. to her father, Sir John Arundell.
4. De Stirpe et Familia Alexandri Severi, et de Signis quse ei
portendebant Imperium.
A translation from the English.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 65
Her son, John Radcliffe, wrote : " Responsum Alexandri Severi ad
Literas Gordiani Senatoris," Reg. MS. 12 A, III.
Arundel and Surrey, Anne, Countess of, born in 1557,
was the daughter of Lord Dacres of the North, and sister
and co-heir of Thomas, the last Lord Dacre. While yet a child
she became the wife of the unfortunate Philip, Earl of Arundel.
In 1582, or the following year, she embraced the faith to which
she was during the remainder of her life most devotedly
attached. This exposed her to great persecution, and Queen
Elizabeth caused her to be imprisoned for a year in the house
of Sir Thomas Shirley. After her husband's death, in the
Tower, in 1595, she gave herself up entirely to her religious
duties, the performance of works of charity, and the education
of her children.
In 1622 she founded the English College of the Society of
Jesus in Ghent She died April 13, 1630, aged 72, and was
buried at Arundel.
Cooper, Biog. Diet.
1. An interesting collection of verses, produced, says Mr. Lodge (Illus.
of Brit. Hist., vol. iii.), by the " melancholy exit of her lord, which abound
with the imperfect beauties, as well as with the common errors, of a strong,
but untaught, poetical fancy."
2. Many letters preserved in the Howard papers, written, says Mr. Lodge,
in the best style of that time, and in a strain of unaffected piety and tender
ness, which lets us at once into her character.
3. Portrait, painted by Vosterman, engr. by Hollar ; also engr. by
Gerimia, 1806, vol. ii. Park's Cat. of Royal and Noble Authors, by
Walpole.
Arundel, Philip Howard, Earl of, was born at Arundel
House, London, June 28, 1557, and was the son of Thomas,
fourth Duke of Norfolk, by the Lady Mary Fitzalan, daughter
and heiress of Henry, Earl of Arundel. His mother died two
months after his birth, of a puerperal fever. He was educated
at home, one of his preceptors being the famous Gregory
Martin, and he afterwards was sent to Cambridge, where he
was admitted M.A. in 1576. When about the age of 1 8 he
went to Court, where he appears to have led a rather dissolute
life. He had been married, when only twelve years old,
to Anne Dacres, eldest daughter and ultimately heir of Lord
Dacres of the North, by his wife Elizabeth Leyborne, afterwards
VOL. I. F
66 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
the third wife of the Duke of Norfolk, and whilst at Court
seems to have utterly neglected his wife. His object was
to obtain the favour of Queen Elizabeth, "which could not be
had (as was observed) by such as he, if they showed any love
for their wives." He was present at the disputations held by
Charke, Fulke, Whitaker, and others, against Fr. Campion,
and from what he heard on these occasions he was led to adopt
a better life, though he did not openly avow the change of
his religious sentiments till more than a year had elapsed,
being deterred by the rigorous laws then in force against
Catholics.
In 1583 he entertained Queen Elizabeth at Arundel Castle.
Soon after her departure, the Earl was ordered into close custody
in his own house. The next day he was examined before the
Privy Council respecting his religion and his dealings with
Cardinal Allen and Mary Queen of Scots. He made no
admissions. Two days afterwards Lord Hunsdon was sent to
interrogate him on the same subjects, and also respecting
Throckmorton's conspiracy, but he was equally unsuccessful.
After being detained three weeks, the Earl was set at liberty.
At length, in 1584, he was formally reconciled to the Church
by Fr. William Weston, alias Edmonds, SJ. The change
which was soon observed in his demeanour and manner of life
led his enemies to suspect the truth, and he determined to
escape their machinations by quitting the kingdom. Accord
ingly, he embarked on a ship at Littlehampton, in Sussex,
having previously addressed an eloquent letter to the Queen in
justification of the course he had taken, and disclaiming any
intention of being a traitor to her Majesty. His design,
however, had already been betrayed to the Council, and by
their order one Keloway boarded the Earl's ship, took him
into custody, and carried him under a strong guard to London,
arriving there April 25, 1585. He was immediately committed
to the Tower, where he remained a close prisoner until his death,
Oct. 19, 1595, which his friends attributed to poison. From the
commencement of his imprisonment his miserable life was spent
in devotional and ascetic exercises, which he practised with
great rigour. He was buried in the church of St. Peter and
Vincula within the Tower, in the grave where his father's body
rested. His interment was conducted with scant regard to his
exalted position. The coffin cost the Queen ten shillings, and
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 6j
the pall thirty shillings. The chaplain deemed it a profanation
to read the Established service over the grave of a Catholic, and
therefore read some prayers which he thought fitting to the
occasion. One of them commenced as follows : " Oh ! Almighty
God, who art the Judge of all the world, the Lord of life
and death, who alone hast the keys of the grave, who shuttest
and no man openeth it, who openest and no man can shut
it, we give Thee hearty thanks for that it hath pleased
Thee, in Thy mercy to us, to take this man out of the
world."
Cooper, Biog. Diet., and At/ten. Cantab.; Oliver, Collections.
1. An Epistle in the Person of Christ to the Faithful! Soule,
written first by that learned Lanspergius, and after translated
into English by one of no small fame, whose good example and
sufferance and living hath and wilbe a memoriall unto his coun-
trie and posteritie for ever. Antwerp. 1595.
"An Epistle of Jesus Christ to the Faithful Soul. Trans, into English
by Lord Philip, xix. Earl of Arundel, from the work of Johann Justus,
Landsberger." Lond. 1871. i6mo.
2. Three Treatises of the Excellency and Utility of Virtue.
3. The Lives of Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, and of Anne
Dacres, his Wife. Edited from the Original MSS. by (H. G-. F.
Howard) the Duke of Norfolk. Lond. 1857, 8vo. pp. 94-124. Lond.
cr. Svo. 1871.
4. The story of Philip Howard, trans, from the French of
A. F. Rio, entitled " The Four Martyrs." Lond. 1858. i2mo.
5. Portrait, engr. by J. Thomson, from a painting by Zucchero, pub
lished in Lodge's " Portraits."
Arundell, Blanche, Lady, born in 1583, was sixth
daughter of Edward Somerset, fifth Earl and second Marquess
of Worcester, and became the wife of Thomas, second Lord
Arundell, of Wardour. It has been observed of her father
that " England did not possess a more discreet or faithful sub
ject, and that if .the king had been ruled by his counsels, he
might have preserved both his life and his crown." Lady
Blanche, worthy of such a Catholic father, signalized her.
memory by her spirited defence of Wardour Castle for nine
days, during the absence of her husband, against the over
whelming force under the command of Sir Edward Hungerford
and William Strode. She ultimately delivered up the castle on
honourable terms, which were .broken. The articles of capitu-
F 2
68 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
lation were signed May 8, 1643. The Parliamentary forces,
however, were soon dislodged by the resolution of her son, who
ordered a mine to be sprung under the castle, and thus sacri
ficed that noble structure to his loyalty. She survived her
husband, who succumbed to his wounds at Oxford in May,
1643, and died at Winchester, Oct. 28, 1649.
Oliver, Collections.
Arundell, Dorothy, O.S.B., a nun in the Benedictine
Convent at Brussels, was one of the daughters of Sir John
Arundell, of Lanherne, in Cornwall. Her father, who was
commonly called the " Great Arundell," on account of the pro
perty and influence he had inherited from his ancestors, was
imprisoned by Queen Elizabeth, in 1581, on account of his
religion.
On July 1 1, I 597, six years after the worthy knight's death,
Jan. 17, 1597, his two daughters, Gertrude and Dorothy, con
secrated themselves to God in the Benedictine Convent at
Brussels.
Oliver, Collections, pp. 16 and 95.
i. Life of Fr. Cornelius, the Martyr. MS.
Arundell, Lord Henry, of Wardour, third Baron, was
the only son of Thomas, second Baron, by Blanche, sixth
daughter of Edward Somerset, fifth Earl and second Marquis
of Worcester.
During the Civil War his father had espoused the Royal
cause, and died of his wounds received at Reading, in 1643,
and in the same year his mother, Lady Blanche, after a spirited
defence of Wardour Castle during nine days against the over
whelming force under the command of Sir Edward Hungerford
and William Strode, was obliged to capitulate.
Treading in the footsteps of his illustrious parents, Lord
Arundell vigorously opposed the Parliament.
On coming to the title, his wife and sons were prisoners,
and his castle in the hands of the Parliamentary forces com
manded by Edmund Ludlow. To dislodge him, in March,
1644, he sacrificed his castle by springing a mine under it,
and it was reduced to a ruin. The declining cause of the
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 69
king involved him in accumulated embarrassments. He was
engaged and wounded in several battles, his estates were
sequestrated and sold, but were repurchased by Humphrey
Weld, of Lulworth Castle, Esq., as a friend in behalf of his
lordship, and at the restoration of the monarchy he recovered
his property at the expense of 35,000. His wife Cecily,
daughter of Sir Henry Compton, K.B., of Brambletye, in
Sussex, and relict of Sir John Fermor, Knt, was seized, with
his children, by the rebels, and he himself was obliged to
leave the country. After the Restoration he seems to have
been in some office, though not in the Ministry. He was
employed by Clifford in the famous secret treaty between
Louis XIV. and Charles II.
Such a loyalist and patriot was entitled to the grateful con
sideration of his sovereign, but the king forgot him in the
days of his prosperity nay, almost suffered him to become
the martyred victim of the infamous Titus Gates. On that
wretch's perjury the old peer was hurried to the Tower, in Oct.
1678, where he was joined by the other four lords, Earl Powis,
Viscount Stafford, and Barons Petre and Belasyse. It was
during the early part of this imprisonment that he wrote a few
small poems, which were printed in 1679. The death of the
king released him from imprisonment in the sixth year of his
confinement, as Evelyn relates in his Memoirs (vol. i. p. 543).
The Ministers during that disgraceful period of our annals were
too cowardly to bring him to a public trial, for few men
possessed more spirit and penetration of character, few could
show such services to the Crown, or knew better the secrets of
the Cabinet. Perhaps, also, they were aware that he had pre
pared a powerful vindication, which is still extant. King
James II. exerted himself to repair the abominable injustice of
his deceased brother and sovereign.
In May, 1685, he procured his discharge from bail, made
him a Privy Councillor, and finally appointed him Keeper of
the Privy Seal on March 16, 1687. But he was doomed to
sit in the Cabinet with disguised traitors, who had plotted the
downfall of their too credulous king, to whom they had sworn
inviolable fidelity.
He survived the Revolution of 1688, and closed his
lengthened career on Dec. 28, 1694. Of this nobleman, Dr.
Oliver, in his " Collections," sums up : "He was a firm pillar to the
7O BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
commonwealth, a faithful patron of the Catholic Church, a fair
pattern to the British Court ; he lived to the welfare of his
country, to the honour of his prince, and to the glory of his
God."
Oliver, Collections; Lord Arundell, MS., 1820.
1. Five little Meditations in verse, (i) A Valediction to the
World, (2) Persecution no Loss, (3) On the text " God chastiseth
those whom He loves," (4) Considerations before the Crucifix,
(5) Upon the Pains of Hell. Lond. 1679, s. sh. fol.
They were afterwards printed in "A Collection of Eighty-six Loyal Poems,"
published in 1685, by Nat. Thompson.
Several editions seem to have been published in 1679.
They do great credit to his religious feelings, and some of them to his
taste.
2. Many papers preparatory to his defence when he was imprisoned in
the Tower. MSS. at Wardour.
Arundell, Humphrey, Esq., third son of Sir Thomas
Arundell, of Lanherne, by Catherine, daughter and co-heiress of
John, Lord Dynham, was the Governor of St. Michael's Mount
in the reign of Edward VI., and was lord of the manor of
Yewton Arundel and Hendre. This family was formerly
possessed of such property and influence as to have
acquired, according to Leland, the epithet of the " Great
Arundells."
Forgetful of the maxim, " non resistendo sed perferendo,'"
Humphrey Arundell attempted to support the old faith by open
insurrection, termed the Devonshire rebellion, and, being taken
prisoner, was conveyed to London, where he was beheaded at
Tyburn, together with Messrs. Holmes, Winslow, and Berry,
principal actors in the same rising, either in Nov. 1549, or,
according to Dodd, Jan. 27, 1550.
Dodd, Ck. Hist. ; Oliver, Collections ; Yeatman, Hist, of tJic
Houses of Anmdel.
Arundell, James Everard, tenth Baron Arundell of
Wardour, was born Nov. 3, 1785, and was educated at
Stonyhurst. He married Lady Mary Grenville, only daughter
of George, first Marquis of Buckingham. He died, without
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 7 1
issue, at Rome, June 21, 1834, and was succeeded by his only
brother, the Hon. Henry Benedict, eleventh Lord Arundell of
Wardour.
Oliver, Collections.
i. The Hundred of Dunworth and Vale of Noddre, by James
Everard, Baron Arundell, and Sir R. C. Hoare, Bart.
Published in Sir R. C. Hoare's " History of Modern Wiltshire." Lond.
1822.
Arundell, Thomas, first Lord Arundell of Wardour,
known by the name of the Valiant, belonged to a very ancient
family in Cornwall, and may be justly ranked amongst the
heroes of his time.
He was the son of Sir Matthew Arundell, of Wardour Castle,
by Margaret, daughter of Henry Willoughby, of Wollaton, co.
Notts, Esq.
Thomas Arundell strongly disapproved of the new doctrines
professed by the Reformers. " He had been amongst the first,"
writes Fr. Persons, " that refused to go to the Protestant
church."
In consequence, he was committed to prison by Queen
Elizabeth in the summer of 1580.
On regaining his liberty he obtained permission to travel
abroad, and entering the Austrian service under the Archduke
Matthias, brother to the Emperor Rudolph II., immortalized
himself by eminent deeds of bravery against the Ottomans in
Hungary. Amongst other acts of daring, at the siege of Gran,
or Strigonium, he was the first to enter the breach, Sept. 7,
J 595> to scale the walls of the citadel, to pull down, with his
own hand, the Turkish crescent, and plant the Imperial eagle
in its place. For such military prowess the Emperor created
him and his posterity Counts of the Roman Empire, Dec. 14,
1595-
In the interesting preface to " The Divine Pedagogue,"
it is said that " his very name became as dreadful to the Turks
as that of Talbot was formidable to the French."
The new Count returned home in the following year, and,
according to Dodd, expected that his well-earned title would
be respected in this country. But the Queen objected to its
use, and by the decision of the peers foreign titles were
72 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
declared to carry no precedence or other privilege belonging
to the English nobility. However, James I., recognizing his
merit, elevated his illustrious subject to the dignity of the peer
age* by the style and title of Baron Arundell of Wardour,
May 4, 1605. Yet Charles I. commenced his reign by dis
arming the gallant hero, because he was a Catholic, though he
had proved his loyalty in the reign of Elizabeth by subscribing
handsomely towards repelling the Spanish armada, in which
noble effort of national defence the English Catholics were as
conspicuous as their Protestant brethren.
Lord Arundell died Nov. 7, 1639, at tne venerable age
of 79-
His 'portrait, taken by Vandyke, four years before his death,
may be seen at Wardour. He was twice married ; first, to
Mary, daughter of Henry, Earl of Southampton, a staunch
Catholic; and, secondly, to Ann Phillipson, who died June 28,
1637.
It was to the latter that Miles Carr, alias Pinkney, dedicated
his translation of " The Draught of Eternity," by Camus, Bishop
of Bellay.
Oliver, Collections ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Arundell, Thomas, second Lord, of Wardour, succeeded
his heroic father in 1639. At tne beginning of the troubles
between Charles I. and his Parliament, the factious House of
Commons, in Nov. 1641, issued directions to secure the person
of Lord Arundell, but he escaped apprehension ; and when the
Royal standard was unfurled at Nottingham, Aug. 22, 1642,
his lordship raised a regiment of horse, and bravely maintained
the cause of his unfortunate sovereign.
He was shot in the thigh, probably at Reading, and died of
his wounds in his Majesty's garrison at Oxford, May 19, 1643,
aged 56. He was buried with great pomp at Tisbury, in Wilt
shire, the ancient burial-place of the Arundells. The statement
that the wounds of which he died were received at the battle
of Lansdown must be erroneous, as that engagement took place
July 5, 1643.
Oliver, Collections; Lord Arundell 1 s Letters, April 1 1,
1820.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 73
Ashbey, Thomas, a gentleman, executed at Tyburn,
March 19, 1544, for refusing to submit to the king's eccle
siastical supremacy.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Ashby, George, O.S.B., a monk of the Monastery of
Gervaux, who, being found amongst those who rose in defence
of the monasteries, was executed at Lancaster, March 10,
1537-
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Stozv, Chronicles.
Ashe, Thomas, divine, was received in the English College,
Douay, May 29, 1592, and having been ordained priest left for
the English mission, Jan. i, 1593. He is referred to in Gee's
list of Priests and Jesuits in and about London, in 1624, and is
described as " F. Ash, a Jesuite, an old man." His subsequent
history is not recorded.
Douay Diaries ; Gee, Foot out of the Snare, 1624.
i. A Letter of a Catholicke Man (subscribing himself T. A.),
including another of P. Coton, Priest, of the Society of -Jesus, to
the Queene Regent of France. Translated out of French.
Touching the imputation of the death of Hen. the IV., late King
of France, to Priests, Jesuits, or Catholicke Doctrine. Dcuay,
1610. 8vo.
Ashley, Ralph, Temporal Coadjutor S.J., and martyr,
appears to have been at one time cook at Douay College, which
he left in 1590. He seems then to have gone to Valladolid, and
there entered the Society at the English College SJ. He re
turned to England in 1598 and served Fr. Oldcorne, S.J., for
eight years. He was seized in 1606 and committed to the
Tower of London, and after most cruel torturing on the rack,
was remanded to Worcester with Fr. Oldcorne, where he was
tried and convicted at the Lent Assizes, 1606, and both were
executed together at Red Hill, outside the city, April 7, in that
year.
Foley, Records SJ.
Ashton, Roger, Esq., was probably the third son of
Richard Ashton, of Croston, co. Lancaster, Esq., by Anne,
74 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
daughter of Sir Robert Hesketh, of Rufford. This ancient
family always retained the faith, and suffered much in con
sequence. The Croston Ashtons entered Lancashire temp,
Henry VI., by the marriage of Thomas Ashton with Alice,
daughter and heiress of William Lea, of Croston, and ter
minated, temp. Car. II., in two co-heiresses, who carried the
estate into the families of Trafford of Trafford, and Hesketh of
Aughton. Roger Ashton was executed at Tyburn, June 23,
1591, for procuring a dispensation from Rome to marry his
second cousin, and for entertaining missionary priests.
The editor of Cardinal Allen's " Defence of the Surrender of
Deventer " says that Elizabeth kept back the weightier charges
which she had to urge, of which there is a glimpse in the
evidence taken in connection with Sir William Stanley's
surrender.
Roger had an uncle of the same name, who died in
Scotland.
Hey wood, Allen's Defence of the Surrender of Deventer ; Dodd,
CJi. Hist. ; Stow, Chronicles.
i. Copia d'una lettera scritta all' illustriss Cardinal
d'lnghilterra con la risposta del medesimo. 1588. 8vo.
The original letter in English, signed R. A., is prefixed to Card. Allen's
"Defence of the Surrender of Daventrie." Antwerp, 1587, Svo. It was
trans, into French and Latin.
Aske, Anthony, a Yorkshire gentleman, was apprehended
in Holden parish, about Michaelmas, 1587, for recusancy, and
being brought before the President of the Council at York, was
committed to the Castle close prisoner, where he sickened and
died, Feb. 5, 1587, and was buried behind the Castle wall.
Foley, Records SJ., vol. iii. ; Morris, Troubles, Third Series.
Aske, Robert, a gentleman of considerable fortune and of
great influence in the North of England, was the nominal com
mander (the real leaders appear to have concealed their identity)
of an army of thirty thousand men who rose in defence of the
monasteries dissolved by Henry VIII. in 1536.
They also objected to the heresy which had been imported
into the kingdom. They required that heretical books should
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 75
be suppressed, and that heretical bishops, and temporal men of
their sect,, should either be punished according to law, or try
their quarrel with them by battle ; that the statutes of uses,
and treason of wards, with those which abolished the Papal
authority, bastardized the Princess Mary, suppressed the mo
nasteries, and gave to the king the tenths and first-fruits of
benefices, should be repealed ; that Cromwell, the vicar-general,
Audeley, the chancellor, and Rich, the attorney-general, should
be punished as subverters of the law, and maintainers of
heresy ; that Lee and Layton, the visitors of the northern
monasteries, should be prosecuted for extortion, peculation, and
other abominable acts ; that no man, residing north of the
Trent, should be compelled by subpoena to appear at any
court but at York, unless in matters of allegiance; and that a
parliament should be shortly held in some convenient place, as
at Nottingham or York. At length Henry, after negotiations,
alarmed at the threatening attitude of the country, offered, and
the insurgents accepted, an unlimited pardon, with an under
standing that their grievances should be shortly and patiently
discussed in the parliament to be assembled at York.
Aske accordingly disbanded his army. But the king, freed
from his apprehensions, neglected to redeem his promise.
Within two months the insurgents were again under arms, but
the Duke of Norfolk had in the meantime collected a more
numerous force in the heart of the country, and was able to in
tercept their communications, and to defeat all their measures.
They failed in two successive attempts to surprise Hull and
Carlisle. Aske, and most of the leaders, were taken, and were
hanged by scores at London, York, Hull, and Carlisle. Robert
Aske was executed at York, in June, 1537.
Lingard, Hist, of Eng. ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Askew, John, priest, was educated at the English College,
Rome, and having received Orders, was sent upon the mission
in the month of May, I 5 79.
He was the first missioner sent into England from that
college. The records observe, that fifty-two missioners had been
sent from Douay before its removal to Rheims, and ten from
Rheims, before the College at Rome was established.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Roman Diary, Records S.J., vol. vi.
76 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Astley, William, a gentleman volunteer, was killed in
1651 at the battle of Wigan Lane, in Lancashire, fighting in
defence of the Royal cause. He was probably the younger
brother of Thomas Astley, of Stakes, gent.
Castlemain, Cath. Apology.
Aston, Sir Arthur, a noted general in the army of
Charles I., was the son of Sir Arthur Aston, of Fulham, in
Middlesex, who was the second son of Sir Thomas Aston of
Aston, in Bucklow Hundred, co. Chester, an ancient and
knightly family. He was a great traveller, and engaged in
several campaigns in foreign countries, in which he acquired a
military knowledge which he subsequently turned to account in
his own country, and earned a brilliant reputation by his
services to the Royal cause during the Civil Wars.
At the first breaking out, he offered his service to King
Charles, but was rejected, his Majesty alleging that the cry of
Popery already ran so high against him, that it would certainly
inflame matters if he admitted so many persons of that com
munion. Afterwards, it is said, Sir Arthur, by way of trial,
made the same offer to Sir Thomas Fairfax, the Parliamentary
general, who immediately accepted it.
Charles being made acquainted with this, at once sent for
Sir Arthur, and not only granted him a commission, but gave
a general invitation to all Catholics to join him. Sir Arthur
maintained in the field the high reputation he had obtained on
the Continent, and showed his capabilities as a general at the
battle of Edgehill, Oct. 23, 1642, when he commanded the
dragoons. His gallantry on this occasion recommended him
so highly to the king, that he appointed him governor of
Reading, in Berkshire, a town without any regular fortifications,
and commissary-general of the horse, in which post he thrice
repulsed the Earl of Essex, who, at the head of the Parlia
mentary army, laid siege to that town.
The garrison consisted of about 3,000 infantry and 300
horse, and the besiegers numbered 16,000 foot and 3,000
horse.
Sir Arthur being dangerously wounded and disabled, Col.
Fielding assumed the command, and was obliged to surrender
after a siege of twelve days.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 77
Afterwards Sir Arthur was made governor of Oxford, where
his leg was amputated to prevent mortification through a
wound he had received.
This misfortune rendered him unserviceable for some time.
After the execution of the king, when the Royal cause was
past recovery in England, Sir Arthur carried the flower of
the English veterans over into Ireland, and receiving the ap
pointment of governor of Drogheda, made a noble stand
against Oliver Cromwell when that town was stormed in
1649.
The garrison consisted of about 3,500, mostly English
men belonging to the late king's army, who were all put to the
sword, together with the inhabitants, women and children, only
about thirty persons escaping the general massacre. These,
with several hundred Irish, were shipped off to serve as slaves
in the island of Barbadoes, which, the author of the Church
History assures us, he had frequently heard from Capt. Edmund
Molyneux, one of their number, who died at St. Germains
many years afterwards, where he had followed the unfortunate
James II. in 1688.
As for Sir Arthur Aston, the governor, he was cut to pieces
and his brains dashed out with his wooden leg during the mas
sacre, which occurred about the I oth of August, 1 649.
Such was the fate of this brave soldier. He left behind him
a daughter, Elizabeth, the wife of Mr. Thompson. His fidelity
to the Royal cause has been unjustly questioned by Clarendon.
Wood says that he was created doctor of physic, May I,
1641.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Wood, Ath. Oxon. ; Lingard, Hist. Eng. ;
Clarendon, Hist.
Aston, Catharine, Lady, was the daughter of Sir Thomas
Gage, of Firles, Bart, and became the second wife of Walter,
third Lord Aston. She survived her husband, and died at
Standon Lordship in 1720.
Clifford, Tixall Poetry.
i. Tixall Poetry (Poems collected by the Bight Honourable
Lady Aston), with Notes and Illustrations by Arthur Clifford, Esq.
Edin. 1813. 410.
78 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Aston, Herbert, Hon., poet, was born at Chelsea, in
1614, and was the third son of Walter, first Lord Aston of
Forfar.
In 1635 he accompanied his father on his second embassy
to Madrid ; and, after his return in 1638, married Catherine,
sister of Sir John Thimelby, of Irnham.
His residence, which he erected on the Aston estate in
Staffordshire, he named Bellamore, " in regard it was finished
by y e benevolence and affection of his friends."
His son Herbert, who assumed the name of Barrett, was
admitted into the English College, Rome, Sept. 29, 1669,
and left, to return to England, May 2, 1672. In 1684, how
ever, he went to St. Omer's College, and was admitted into
the novitiate of the Society of Jesus in that year, after which
all trace of him is lost.
His daughter Catherine became a nun at the Augustinian
Convent at Louvain, where she was professed Aug. 19, 1668.
Clifford, Tixall Poetry ; Foley, Records S.J., vols. vi. and vii.
i. Tixall Poetry (collected by the Hon. Herbert Aston, 1658) ;
with Notes and Illustrations by Arthur Clifford, Esq. Edin.
1813. 4to.
Aston, Walter, first Lord of Forfar, was the eldest son
and heir of Sir Edward Aston, of Tixall, co. Stafford, Knt, by
Anne, only daughter of Sir Thomas Lucy, of Charlecote, co.
Warwick, Knt.
He was born at Tixall about 1580, and his father dying
during his minority, he was given in ward to Sir Edward Coke,
afterwards Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench,
who looked after his education with great care.
Soon after his coming of age he was created a Knight of the
Bath at the coronation of James I. ; and when the baronetage
was created by that monarch in 1 6 1 i , Sir Walter was one of
the first to receive the new honour. He became very popular
at Court, and was particularly esteemed by the all-powerful
Duke of Buckingham, who was the occasion of his appoint
ment as joint ambassador, in 1619, with Sir John Digby, Earl
of Bristol, to the Court of Spain, to make the delicate and
difficult proposal of a marriage between Charles, Prince of
Wales, and the Infanta, daughter of Philip III.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 79
He remained in Spain, as ambassador, during most of the
time spent in negotiating that mysterious treaty ; and after the
decease of James I., in 1625, he returned to England, and was
created, by letters patent dated Nov. 28, 1627, Baron Aston
of Forfar, in the kingdom of Scotland.
It was whilst he was engaged on this mission that he was
reconciled to the Church, for he had been brought up a Pro
testant, in which profession his mother's family, the Lucys,
had been singularly zealous.
It is worthy of note that it was his grandfather, Sir Thomas
Lucy, who, according to tradition, prosecuted Shakespeare for
deer-stalking in his park.
In 1635 he was again sent to Spain as sole ambassador,
and this time he remained there three years. He returned to
England in 1638, and died in the following year, and was
buried in St. Mary's church, Stafford.
His marriage with Gertrude, daughter and heiress of Sir
Thomas Sadler, of Standon Lordship, near Ware, in Hertford
shire, and granddaughter of Sir Ralph Sadler, Knight-Ban
neret, brought extensive estates into the Aston family.
The expenses connected with his embassies to Spain seriously
impaired his large fortune, and reduced his estate of about
; 1 8,000 a year, from lands in the counties of Stafford, Derby,
and Leicester, to a very small revenue, considering his position.
He maintained a good character, and exhibited a respectful
and grateful regard for his patron, the Duke of Buckingham,
when that great statesman was attacked by his enemies.
In early youth he had imbibed a decided taste for literature
and poetry, and was the patron of Drayton, who dedicated to
him, in 1598, his epistle of the "Black Prince," and, in his
" Polyolbion," thus acknowledges his patron's favours :
Trent by Tixall graced, the Astons' ancient seat,
Which oft the Muse hath found her safe and sweet retreat.
Clifford, Tixall Poetry ; Dodd, CJi. Hist.
i. Portrait, in Sir Thos. Clifford's "Hist. Description of the Parish of
Tixall," Paris, 1817.
Aston, Walter, second Lord Aston of Forfar, was son
of Walter, first Lord Aston: He was a zealous supporter of
the Royal cause during the Civil War, and was joint governor of
8o BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Litchfield with Sir Thomas Tyldesley, Knt., which they sur
rendered by orders, in 1 646, after a gallant defence against the
rebels during a siege of sixteen weeks.
Lord Aston lived afterwards under the hard fate of seques
tration, until the Restoration in 1660. He died April 23, 1678,
aged 69.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Aston, Walter, third Baron Aston of Forfar, was the son
and heir of the second Lord Aston, whom he succeeded in
1678. He married, first, Eleanor, youngest daughter of Sir
Walter Blount, of Soddington, Bart, and by her had three sons
and two daughters. His second wife was Catharine, daughter
of Sir Thomas Gage, of Firles, Bart. He died Nov. 14, 1714,
aged 8 1, and was buried at Standon Lordship, the ancient seat
of the Sadlers.
During the reign of James II. he was lord-lieutenant of
the county of Stafford, and in Nov. 1688, when the Prince of
Orange landed, Lord Aston and Lord Molyneux threw them
selves into Chester to preserve it for the king. A number of
Lancashire gentlemen, Thomas Tyldesley (the diarist), the
Stanleys, and others, supported him in this attempt.
His fourth son, Charles Aston, captain of a company of
Greenwich Pensioners, was slain at the battle of the Boyne in
1690. Lord Aston resided chiefly at Tixall.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Kirk, Biog. Coll, MS., Archiepis. Archives
Westm. ; Tyldesley Diary.
i . Tixall Letters ; or, Correspondence of the Aston Family
and their Friends, during the 17th Century. Edited by Arthur
Clifford, Esq. Lond. 1815, 2 vols. I2mo.
Aston, Walter, fourth Baron, was the third son of
Walter, third Lord Aston, and his wife Eleanor Blount, and
was born in 1664. His two elder brothers dying unmarried,
he succeeded his father, and resided chiefly at Standon Lord
ship, which had devolved to his grandfather on the death of
his maternal uncle, Ralph Sadler.
The severity of the penal laws, together with the obloquy
which had fallen on the followers of the ancient faith, which
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 8 1
he professed, compelled him, like his father, to live in privacy
and retirement. But these untoward circumstances did not
prevent him, in the calm majesty of private life, " from exer
cising all the virtues which can adorn and ennoble such a
station."
He married Mary, only daughter of Lord Thomas Howard,
and sister of Thomas and Edward, eighth and ninth Dukes of
Norfolk, by whom he had eleven children. He died April 4,
1748, and was buried at Standon. Lady Aston died May 23,
1733, in childbed of her eleventh child.
His second son, James, was born in 1725, and June 20,
1742, married, at Standon, Lady Barbara Talbot, daughter of
George, Earl of Shrewsbury.
His elder brother, Walter, being dead, he succeeded to the
title and estates of his father in 1748, but only enjoyed them
a short time, dying Aug. 20, 175 i, of the small-pox, which he
caught in attending the funeral of a friend at Stafford. Lord
James was remarkable for his good-humour and easy temper,
and for his affability and condescension to all sorts of people.
At his death without male issue, his estates devolved on his two
daughters, Mary and Barbara. The former married Sir Walter
Blount, Bart, and was unfortunately burnt to death at the
house of her son, Mr. George Blount, in 1804.
The latter, Barbara, married the Hon. Thomas Clifford,
younger son of Hugh, third Lord Clifford, and died of the
small-pox in 1786.
Soon after the marriages of the Aston heiresses, Standon
Lordship, in the county of Herts, was sold : Bellamore went to
the Blounts, and Tixall to the Cliffords.
Some time after the death of Lord Aston, it is supposed
about 1755, Standon Lordship was let for a school for the
education of the sons of the Catholic nobility and gentry, and
the Rev. Richard Kendal was appointed the President.
About the year 1765, or perhaps a little later, the mansion
and estate were sold, and the school was therefore transferred
for a short period to Hare Street, not far from Braughin in the
same county ; but the accommodation proving extremely inade
quate, Bishop James Talbot purchased the house and farm of
Old Hall Green, about two miles from Puckeridge ; and after
making many improvements and additions to the building, it
was opened as a school in Oct. 1769, under the superintend-
VOL. i. G
82 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
ence of the Rev. James Willacy. It is now known as St.
Edmund's College, Old Hall Green.
Kirk,Biog. Coll., MS., Archiepis. Archives, Westm. ; Gillow,
Catli. Schools in Eng. from the so-called Reformation to the
Restoration of the Hierarchy in 1850, paper read at the Man
chester Cath. Club, Nov. 24, 1880.
i. The Restanration of King Charles II., or the Life and
Death of Oliver Cromwell. An histori-tragi-comi ballad opera [in
three acts, in prose and verse]. Lond. 1732. 8vo.
Aston, "William, Father S.J., son of Edward Aston and
his wife Ann Bayley, was born in London, April 22, 1735. He
was educated at St. Omer's College, entered the Society in
1751, and was professed of the four vows in 1769. In 1761
he was teaching poetry at St. Omer's College, and in the
following year, when the colleges of St. Omer and of Watten
were seized by an order of the Parliament of Paris, about 140
scholars were conducted, in the summer of 1762, to Bruges,
and distributed in two houses which were rented for the
purpose, called Le Gouvernment and 1'Hotel d'Argile. Fr.
Aston was appointed Superior of the Little School, as it was
called, while Fr. Stanley was Rector of the other. One of the
best houses in Bruges was afterwards purchased, an additional
building was erected, and in a short time Fr. Aston's Little
School became a very important establishment. On the
suppression of the Society in Aug. 1773, Fr. Aston's "Little "
or Preparatory School was seized by the Austro-Belgic Junta,
and he was conveyed a prisoner, with his companions, to the
College of the Flemish Jesuits, where he remained about fifteen
days. He was then taken, together with Frs. Angier and
Plowden, to Ghent. After eight months' confinement, Lord
Henry Arundell procured their release, May 25, 1774.
A few years later Fr. Aston opened a school at Liege, and
the Prince Bishop conferred upon him a canonry in the Collegiate
Church of St. John.
He died there, March 15, 1800.
Oliver, Collectanea SJ. ; Folcy, Records S.J. ; Kirk, Biog. Coll.,
MS., Archiepis. Archives, Westm.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 83
1. Compte rendu au public des Comptes rendus aux divers
Parlemens et autres cours superieures precede d'une r6pon.se
decisive aux imputations dont on a charge les Jesuites, leur
regime et leur institut. A Paris. Chez les libraires associ^s.
1765, 2 vols. 8vo. This work was written by the Abbe" D'Azais.
2. He also wrote for Reviews and Journals, and published Lettres
Ultramontaines, and Le Cosmopolite.
Atchison, William C., schoolmaster, was born in Sept.
1804, and was educated at St. Edmund's College, Old Hall
Green, Herts, where he taught for four or five years. About
1843, ne left tne College and opened 21 Woodstock Street,
New Bond Street, as a Catholic Collegiate and Commercial
School. It does not appear to have been a very successful
undertaking, and in Dec. 1849, or the beginning of the
following year, he left England for Melbourne, Australia, where
he died on the anniversary of his birth, in Sept. 1870,
aged 66.
CatJi. Directory ; The Tablet.
1. The Schoolmaster Vindicated.
2. On the Jesuits, their Institute, Doctrines, &c. Translated
from the French of the Rev. La Croix de Bavignan, of the
Society of Jesus. Lond. 1844. 8vo.
A spirited and accurate translation.
Atkins, William, Father S. J., a native of Cambridgeshire,
born 1 60 1, entered the Society of Jesus in 1629, being already
a priest. He was sent to the English mission in 1631, and
was always employed in the Lancashire and Staffordshire
districts.
He was at Wolverhampton at the period of the Gates Plot,
1678-9, and became one of its most noted victims. He was
then nearly 80 years of age, had been for six years completely
paralysed, bed-ridden, nearly speechless, and perfectly deaf. In
this condition he was dragged from his bed, carried off to
Stafford Gaol, eleven miles distant, indicted at the ensuing
assizes for high treason, convicted and condemned to death.
When the crier of the court succeeded, by shouting in his
ear, to make him understand his sentence, he summoned all his
strength and distinctly said to the judge, " Most noble Lord
Judge, I return you my warmest thanks." The capital sentence
G 2
84 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
was deferred on account of the impossibility of executing it,
and the venerable confessor remained in prison until death
released him, March 17, 1681, aged 80.
Oliver, Collectanea S.J. ; Records S.J. ; Challoner, Memoirs ;
Dodd, Ck. Hist.
Atkinson, James, a layman, most cruelly tortured in the
Tower of London to oblige him to accuse his master, and other
Catholics and priests, and kept so long in the torture, that he
was at length taken away for dead, after many hours' suffering,
and, in effect, died within two hours, in Lent, 1595.
Challoner, Memoirs.
Atkinson, Matthew, Paul of St. Francis, O.S.F., was
a native of Yorkshire, and entered into the Order of St.
Francis in the English convent at Douay, Dec. 27, 1673, being
then 17 years of age.
He was sent to the English mission in 1687, labouring with
great zeal until he was apprehended, about 1699, for being a
priest, and was condemned to perpetual imprisonment. He was
sent to Hurst Castle, where he was confined, and remained a
constant and pious confessor of Christ for thirty years, until his
death, which occurred on Oct. 15, 1729.
The following lines were inscribed on his grave-stone in the
cemetery of St. James's, Winchester, the burial-place of many
Catholics: " Paulus Atkinson, Franciscanus, qui 15 Oct. 1729,
aetat. 76, in Castro de Hurst, vitam fmivit, postquam ibidem
30 peregerat annos."
Challoner, Memoirs ; Oliver, Collections; Granger, Biog.
Diet.
i. Portrait, Paul Atkinson, set. 77, an etching, was published in 410. ;
another, The Reverend Paul Atkinson, an English Franciscan,
set. 73, condemned to perpetual Imprisonment in 1700, now in
Hurst Castle, 1728, dressed in the habit of his Order, appears to have
been published the year before his death.
Atkinson, Nicholas, priest and martyr, is said by Dodd
to have been educated at Douay, but as he does not appear in
the College Diaries this statement is probably incorrect. It is
probable that he was a Marian priest or friar, and may be
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 85
identified with "Fr. Ninny Atkinson," an old priest, referred to
in a list of priests sent to Burleigh, by the Earl of Huntingdon,
dated Jan. 20, 1593 (Dom. Eliz., vol. xxxii. n. 64).
In other respects Dodd's account is confirmed by "Lady
Babthorpe's Recollections," printed in the Troubles of our
Catholic Forefathers by Fr. Morris. Her account is as
follows : " There was a good Priest, one Mr. Atkinson, in our
country (Yorkshire), who lived long in doing great service to
God, taking great pains in serving the poor, which, without such
pains, could not have had those helps and comforts that
they stood in need of in these times. For divers years he
travelled afoot, enduring all weathers, and many times when
he had had a weary and wet day, the house to which he went
could not receive him in, but that he must stay in some out
house or corner, he being both wet and cold, and in time of
frost and snow, to such times as the owners of the houses could
for their safety receive him in. This he used so long, that in
a great frost he got a fall and broke his leg, in the cure of
which he suffered much, lighting on an evil surgeon ; yet after
his recovery he used his former charity and pains, but not able
to travel afoot much, had a horse to help him. God showed
wonderful signs at this man's taking and imprisonment ; but
what they were I know not well, for I was then in this country,
but from York Castle you might have, the certainty. One
thing was that his irons fell off his legs when the keeper had
fastened them on. This being reported, the Lord Sheffield,
who was then President (of the North), sent for the keeper to
know if it were true, who confessed the truth. Another charity
the good man used, was that when he came to poor folks'
houses, he would not let them be at any charge, but both found
himself meat and them, and gave them money too. So that
what he received of those that were able he bestowed on the
poor."
Dodd states that he was indicted for receiving Orders by
authority of the See of Rome, and for refusing to take the
oath of allegiance. He suffered at York in 1610.
Dodd, C/i. Hist. ; Morris, Troubles, First Series.
Atkinson, Richard, D.D., was a native of Ripley, York
shire, and was elected from Eton to King's College, Cambridge,
86 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
in 1527. He was B.A. 1530, M.A. 1535, B.D, 1542, D.D.
1545, Lady Margaret Preacher in the latter year, and rector of
S tour- Provost, Dorsetshire, in 1546. He was also rector of
Woodchurch, Kent. On Oct. 24, i 5 5 3, he was elected Provost
of King's College. He was one of those learned divines dis
patched by Cambridge University, in April 1554, to Oxford,
in order to dispute with Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer. He
was incorporated D.D. there, and died of the plague when on
a journey to survey the College lands, about Sept. 1556.
Dodd, CJi. Hist. ; Cooper, A tJi, Cantab.
i. Comment arium in priorem epistolam ad Corinthios. MS.
in the library of Canterbury Cathedral.
Atkinson, Thomas, priest and martyr, was born in the East
Riding of Yorkshire, and was ordained priest at Rheims in 1588,
and sent the same year upon the mission in his native county.
After twenty-eight years' arduous labours he was apprehended
at Mr. Vavasour's, of Willitoft, and carried prisoner with that
gentleman and his wife and children to the city of York, where
he was tried and condemned for being a priest, and was hanged,
drawn, and quartered, March 1 1, 161516.
CJialloner, Memoirs.
i. His Life, in Latin, was printed at Douay in 1617.
Atslowe, Edward, M.D., was educated at Winchester
and New College, Oxford. Having proceeded M.A. and
been elected a Fellow of his College, he was created Doctor of
Physic, Aug. 22, 1562, in the house of Dr. Henry Baylie,
situated in High Street, leading to the Ouadrivium, by Dr.
Thomas Francis and Dr. Baylie, by virtue of a commission
directed to them by Convocation. He was one of four they
created, three of whom were doctors of medicine, on account
of their appointment by the Convocation to dispute before
Queen Elizabeth, when she was entertained by the University
in the beginning of September of this year. The date of Dr.
Atslowe's admission as a Fellow of the College of Physicians
is not recorded, but it must have been at some period be
tween 1565 and 1569. He was Censor in 156971, Elect
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 87
in the following year, and also Consiliarius in that and the year
1583-
He was married at Stoke Newington, Nov. 2, 1 5 73, to Frances
Wingfield, and was dead on May 28, 1594, when his place of
Elect was filled by the election of Dr. Christopher Johnson, a
distinguished Wykehamist,
Dr. Atslowe was a zealous Catholic, and warmly attached to
the cause of the unfortunate Mary Queen of Scots. He
suffered imprisonment on a charge of designing means for her
escape, and in a letter of Thomas Morgan to the Queen of
Scots his sufferings are thus referred to : " I hear that Dr.
Atslow was racked twice, almost to death, in the Tower, about
the Earl of Arundell his matters, and intention to depart
England." The Earl, who died in 1595, settled an annuity
on the Doctor's widow.
In all probability the effects of his tortures were the cause
of his death, the exact date of which has not been recorded.
His brother, Luke Atslowe, M.A., also a Fellow of New
College, Oxford, was deprived in the first year of Queen
Elizabeth for refusing to conform to the new religion.
Munk, Roll of tJie Royal Coll. of Physicians ; Dodd, CJi. Hist.
Aungell, John, Fellow of Michael-house, and also of
King's College, Cambridge, at the dissolution of those houses
had annual pensions of 2 135-. ^.d. and 2 4^. 4^. respectively,
of which he was in receipt in 1555.
He was a singularly zealous and learned divine, and was
appointed by Queen Mary one of her chaplains. She also
presented him to the mastership of the hospital of St. Katha
rine, Bedminster, co. Somerset, Sept. 24, 1557. The date of
his death is not recorded.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Cooper, AtJien. Cantab.
i. The Agreement of the holy Fathers and Doctors of the
Churche upon the chiefest articles of the Christian Religion.
Lond., William Harforde, 1555, i6mo. Black letter ; contains cap. 4, in
eights.
Ded. to " Q. Marye, wyfe to Philip." It concerns the real presence of
Christ's body and blood in the Blessed Sacrament.
Austin, John, lawyer, was a native of Walpole, in Norfolk,
and was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
was cotemporary with John Sergeant. He became a Catholic
about 1 640, and left the University with the intention of em
bracing the profession of the law, and accordingly entered
himself at Lincoln's inn.
Later, he became tutor for some time in the family of Walter
Fowler, Esq., of St. Thomas's, Staffordshire, the representative
of an ancient Catholic family.
From thence he returned to London, and lived in private
lodgings, dying in Bow Street, Covent Garden, in 1669.
He was interred in the parish church of St. Paul.
Austin was highly regarded in his profession, and was
endowed with exceptional talents and accomplishments.
He was considered a master of the English language, and
his writings in his day were greatly esteemed for their style.
His time was wholly devoted to books and literary pursuits,
and he had the advantage of the intimate friendship of such
men as Thomas Blount, the antiquary ; the learned Franciscan,
Francis St. Clare (Christopher Davenport) ; John Sergeant,
John Belson, Keightley, and many other literary men of dis
tinction, who assisted one another in their writings.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Wood, Athen. Oxon. ; Butler, Memoirs of
Eng. Cath.
1. A zealous Sermon, preached at Amsterdam by a Jew,
whose name is Not-Rub : it being a Hebrew word, you must
read his name backward. Text : Hee that hath eares to heare,
let him heare. Amsterdam, 1642, 410. Though bearing the impress of
Amsterdam, the work was really printed in London. It is a satire on
J. Burton and his companions.
2. A letter from a Cavalier in Yorkshire to a Friend.
3. The Christian Moderator ; or, Persecution for Religion
condemned by the light of Nature, by the law of God, the
evidence of our own principles : but not by the practice of our
Commissioners for Sequestrations. In four Parts. Lond. 1652,
4to. ; again, Lond. 1653, 4to.
In this work, published under the pseudonym of William Birchley, he
frequently disclaims the doctrine of the Pope's deposing power.
4. The Catholiques Plea; or, an Explanation of the Roman
Catholick Belief. Concerning their Church, Manner of Worship,
Justification, Civill Govsrnement. Together with a Catalogue
of all the Pcenall Statutes against Popish Recusants. All which
is humbly submitted to serious consideration. By a Catholick
Gentleman. Lond., printed for H. F. 1659. i8mo.
On p. 52 the pseudonym Will. Birchley appears, but the postscript at the
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 89
end of the work is signed Will. Birkley. The pagination is irregular.
Title, I leaf; pp. 1-86, 15-52, and postscript, I leaf. A catalogue of the
priests executed "since the year 1641 " appears on p. 24, and a short list of
prisoners for the Faith who died in the common gaol at Newgate, on p. 25.
Several cases are given of Recusants tried at Haberdashers' Hall.
5. Reflections upon the Oaths of Supremacy and. Allegiance ;
or, the Christian Moderator, the Fourth Part. By a Catholick
Gentleman, an obedient son of the Church, and loyal subject of
his Majesty. Lond. 1661.
6. A punctual Answer to Doctor John Tillotson's book called
" The Rule of Faith." This was left unfinished, only six sheets being
printed.
The Archbishop of Canterbury's work, " Rule of Faith ; or, an Answer
to the Treatise of Mr. J. S. (Sergeant), entitled Sure Footing, &c.," was
published Lond. 1666. I2mo.
7. Devotions. First Part : In the Ancient Way of Offices.
With Psalms, Hymns, and Prayers; for every Day in the Week,
and every Holiday in the Year.
This the author lived to see published.
Second Edition, roan, 1672, I2mo. ; title, I leaf; ded. To the Hon. H. F.
Esq., 5 leaves ; directions, 8 leaves ; pp. 450. Edited by Rev. Jno. Sergeant.
Third Edition, roan, 1684, sm. Svo. ; title, I leaf; directions, pp. 12 ; pp.
583. Roan, 1685, sm. 8vo.: " Devotions in the Ancient Way of Offices, con
taining exercises for every Day in the Week, and every Holiday in the Year.
By Mr. John Austin. A new edition. Edinburgh: Printed by Mundell & Son.
Sold by J. P. Coghlan, London, and D. Downie, Edinburgh, 1789. Svo. ;
title, preface, &c., pp. viii., pp. 555. The preface contains the life of the
author, apparently extracted from Dodd.
Dr. George Hickes, Dean of Worcester, published an edition in 1701,
I2mo., adapted to the English Church by Mrs. Susannah Hopton, the pre
face being written by Dr. Hickes. " The Harmony of the Gospels digested
into one history with suitable meditations and prayers. Done originally by
the author of the Devotions (John Austin) published by Dr. Hickes. Re
formed and improved by J. Bonnie." 1705, Svo. Other Protestant editions
appeared in 1712, I2mo. ; 1717 (best edition), Svo. ; 1730, 12mo., with frontis
piece ; Edinburgh, 1765, I2mo. ; and it has been frequently reprinted, under
the title of Hickes's Devotions, and according to Lowndes is a stock book.
8. Devotions. Second Part. The Four Gospels in one, broken
into Lessons, with Responsories. To be used with the Offices.
Printed Anno Domini 1675. i2mo. ; title, i leaf; advertisement, 3 leaves ;
table, i leaf ; pp. 466 ; errata, I leaf.
This was a posthumous work, and is said by Dodd to have been printed
at Paris in 2 vols., 1675. If so, one vol. would be the First Part. The prayers
are said to have been added by the author's friend Keightiey. It is divided
into short chapters, with a verse and prayer at the end of each. The prayers
gave rise to offence under the impression that they favoured Blackloe's
doctrine concerning the middle state of souls, and on account of this the
work was not republished. Charles Butler was of opinion that it might be
reprinted with advantage.
9O BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
9- Devotions. Third Part. MS. never printed. It is stated in the
Second Part, 1675, tnat tne Third, " consisting of Prayers for all occasions
framed by an intimate friend according to his (Austin's) directions, and over
looked by himself, waits yet an opportunity of coming forth."
10. Several Pamphlets published anonymously during the Usurpation,
chiefly written to expose the state of the Reformed Churches under the
assembly of their divines at Westminster. This assembly first met in the
year 1643, by appointment of both Houses of Parliament. It was a medley
of about 120 representatives of various sects, including Episcopalians, under
Bishop Usher ; Presbyterians, headed by Dr. Gouge, of Cambridge, and
Dr. Twisse, of Oxford ; and Independents, under Sympson, Nye, &c.
Several Covenanters were permitted to sit amongst them, with the Earl of
Pembroke, apparently to represent the Lords, and Mr. Seldon, as the repre
sentative of the Commons. They drew up a plan of religion, which was
published in a catechism and 1 directory, intended to be used instead of the
Book of Common Prayer. But they very soon disagreed amongst them
selves, dwindled away, and expired when Cromwell dissolved the Rump
Parliament.
Austin, Lewis a Sancta Clara, O.S.F., a friar of the
Convent at Douay, died at Paris in 1679.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Oliver, Collections.
i. The Goade of Divine Love. Douay, 1642.
Translated from St. Bonaventure's "Stimulus Divini Amoris." The
translator dedicated it, June 20, 1642, to the Very Rev. George Perrot, " our
most loving, prudent, and provident provinciall."
Avery, Richard, was a Catholic bookseller, &c., in Wood
Street, London, in 1624.
Gee, Foot out of tlie Snare.
Aylward, James Ambrose Dominic, O.P., D.D., was
the third son of Thomas Aylward, of Leeds, by Mary, daughter
of Mr. Braime and relict of Mr. Yates. He was born at Leeds,
April 4, 1813, and was educated at Hinckley, where he was
ordained priest, June 24, 1836. He assisted in the school at
Hinckley, supplying at Nuneaton, and was instituted Provincial
in 1850. He became President of the school, and continued
so until it was discontinued in Dec. 1852.
In 1854 he was appointed first Prior of Woodch ester, and
taught moral theology there. In 1862 he went to Kentish
Town, and thence to Newcastle-on-Tyne, and was again elected
Provincial in 1866. Three years later he removed to London,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 91
and thence returned to Woodchester, and subsequently to
Hinckley, where he died Oct. 5, 1872, aged 60, and was buried
in the cloister-yard at Woodchester.
Palmer, Obit. Notices of the Dominicans.
1. A Novena for the Holy Season of Advent by way of pre
paration for the Nativity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ,
consisting of Prophecies, Anthems, &c., gathered from the
Eoman Missal and Breviary; set to Gregorian Chants, from a
copy printed at Turin. Ad usum Ecclesiasticorum in choro
psallentium. With an English Translation. Derby, 1849, i6mo. }
PP- 43-
2. Manual of the Brothers and Sisters of the Third Order of
Penance of St. Dominick. Lond. 1852, i6mo., pp. 146. Second Edition,
1871.
3. The Daily Manual of the Third Order of St. Dominick in
Latin and English, arranged and newly translated. Dublin, 1855,
I2mo. ; Dublin, 1862, I2mo., pp. 312.
4. The Dominican Tertiary's Guide, the second vol. ; containing
the Little Office of Our Lady, Office of the Dead, and Little Office of St.
Dominic ; the last of which did not appear in the Manual, and the first two
are revised. 1866. i6mo.
5. The Life of the B.V. St. Catherine of Sienna. Drawn out
of all them that had written it from the beginning ; and written
in Italian by the Rev. Fr. Dr. Caterinus Senensis, arid now trans
lated into English out of the same Doctor by John Fen, Priest
and Confessor to the English Nuns at Louvain. 1609 ; re-edited with
preface by Fr. Aylward. Lond. 1867. 8vo.
6. The Inner Life of the Very Rev. Pere Lacordaire, O.P.
Translated from the French of the Rev. Pere Chocarne, O.P.,
with the Author's permission, by a Religious of the same Order.
With Preface by the Very Rev. Fr. Aylward. Dublin, 1867, Svo. ;
1878, 8vo. A nun at Stone made the translation.
7. An essay " On the Mystical Element in Religion, and on
Ancient and Modern Spiritism," delivered in London, was published
in " Essays on Religion and Literature by Various Writers." Edited by
Cardinal Manning. Lond. 1865, Svo. ; 3rd series, 1874, Svo.
8. He contributed to the Catholic Weekly Instructor translations of
Church Hymns, &c., in verse, which have been reprinted by Mr. Orby
Shipley. He also wrote " Easter Thoughts " in verse, a fragment from an
unpublished poem, which appeared in the Monthly Magazine, April, 1873.
Ayray, James, Alban a St. Agatha, O.S.F., may
possibly have belonged to the Lancashire family of that name,
who suffered repeated fines for their recusancy from the days of
Elizabeth to the reign of George I. He was educated at the
Franciscan convent at Douay, and was chosen the chronologist
92 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
of the Franciscan Province at the Congregation held in London,
Oct. n, 1675, the fathers being requested to send him all
their documents.
During the reign of James II. he was chaplain and preacher
in ordinary to his Excellency the Spanish Ambassador, and his
eloquence was held in high esteem. Dr. Oliver thinks that he
ended his days in England early in the year 1705.
Oliver, Collections ; Kirk, Biog. Coll. MS.
1. A Sermon (on John i. 19) preached at Welde House in the
Spanish Ambassador's Chapel. Lond. 1686. 8vo.
2. A Sermon delivered at Welde House, London, on the
third Sunday in Advent, Dec. 12, 1686. Lond. 1686. 8vo.
3. A Sermon (on John x. 16) preached before the Queen
Dowager in her chapel at Somerset House, April 10, 1687. Lond.
1687. 4to.
4. Other Sermons were probably published.
Ayray, Martin, D.D., a native of Westmoreland, was
educated at Exeter College, Oxford. Afterwards, declaring
himself a Catholic, he left the university and entered the
English College, Douay, in 1575, where he was ordained priest
two years later.
On the establishment of the English College at Rome, Mr.
Ayray was one of the first students sent from the College at
Rheims, and took the lead, with Richard Haydock, in the
opposition to the president, Dr. Clenock, in favour of the
Jesuits. He was sent to the English mission in 1580, where,
about five years later, he was thrown into prison for exercising
his ministry, and was banished the country in 1586. This gave
him an opportunity of making further progress in the study of
divinity, and in a few years he took the degree of D.D.
During the controversy between the archpriest, Blackwell, and
the appellant clergy, Dr. Ayray was employed at Rome against
the latter. Afterwards, through the interest of Fr. Persons, he
was made residentiary, or chaplain, to the factory of St.
Lucar's, in Spain, in the place of Dr. Stillington. He was
living at St. Lucar's in the year 1602.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
i. He was probably an anonymous contributor to the controversy between
the archpriest and the appellant clergy.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 93
Babington, Anthony, Esq., of Dethick, in Derbyshire,
was descended from a very ancient family, allied with some of
the best families in the counties of Derby, Nottingham, and York.
He was the eldest son and heir of Henry Babington, who was
twice married ; first to Mary, daughter of George, Lord Darcy ;
and second, to a daughter of Sir John Markham. The Babing-
tons possessed very extensive estates, but their chief house was
at Dethick, in a wild part of Derbyshire, not far from Sheffield,
Chatsworth, and Winfield, where Mary Queen of Scots was
confined, and with whose history Babington's name is so un
fortunately connected. While still a very young man, probably
not more than twenty, he became the leader of a little band of
youths, zealous like himself for the faith, and fancying that they
saw the means of restoring it in England by procuring the
liberation of the Queen of Scots and the assassination of Queen
Elizabeth. In the prosecution of this design he was greatly
encouraged by Ballard, a renegade priest, and other emissaries
of Walsingham, who, of course, was acquainted, day by day, with
their proceedings, and had watched them from the very beginning,
until, when the proper time arrived, he seized the whole party.
Babington for a long while eluded the pursuit, in a place of
concealment in St. John's Wood, until, compelled by hunger,
he repaired to Mr. Bellamy's house at Harrow-on-the-Hill.
Here he was taken, and the proof being manifest, he had no
defence to make, and received sentence of death as a traitor.
He was executed Sept. 20, I 586, and on that and the following
day thirteen other persons implicated in the same conspiracy
were also executed. On the /th Feb. following, the Queen of
Scots herself suffered death, the most fatal charge against her
being the cognizance and countenance which she yielded to
Babington and his accomplices.
The elder Disraeli has made the undertaking of this band of
gallant but misguided youths the subject of one of the notices
in his Curiosities of Literature.
Babington was married, but had no children. Sir Walter
Raleigh had the good fortune to obtain the grant of his lands.
Dodd } Ch. Hist. ; Lingard, Hist, of Eng. ; Rose, Biog, Diet.
i. The Censure of a Loyall Subject: upon certaine noted
speach. and behaviours of those fourteen Traitors (Anthony
Babington and others) at their executions, etc. [1587] 410. By G. W.
94 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Babington, Francis, D.D., a native of Leicestershire,
matriculated as a pensioner of Christ's College, Cambridge,
in Nov. 1544, and proceeded B.A. 1548-9. On March 20,
1550-1, he was admitted a foundation Fellow of St. John's
College, in the same university. He commenced M.A. in
1552. About that time he became a Fellow of All Souls'
College, Oxford. It is therefore probable that Wood is
mistaken in stating that he took that degree at Oxford, July 1 6,
1554. On April I 8, 1557, he was elected one of the proctors
of the latter university ; and on the 6th Nov. in the same
year he was admitted to the vicarage of Aldworth, Berkshire,
on the presentation of the Master and Fellows of St. John's
College, Cambridge.
It must therefore be assumed that he was allowed to hold
his fellowship there whilst serving the proctorship at Oxford.
On the 27th of the same month he was instituted to the
rectory of Adstock, Bucks, and in the course of the year had
the rectory of Sherrington, in the same county. He proceeded
B.D. at Oxford, July 9, 1558. On the accession of Elizabeth
he professed Protestant opinions ; and on Sept. 5, 1559, was
admitted Master of Balliol College by the Queen's Commis
sioners for the Visitation of the University of Oxford, w r herein,
on Dec. 9 following, he took the degree of D.D. About this
time he resigned the rectory of Adstock, and obtained that of
Middleton Keynes, also in Buckinghamshire. On May 21,
1560, he was appointed Commissary or Vice-Chancellor of the
University of Oxford ; and in August following was elected
rector of Lincoln College, holding with his headship the
annexed benefice of Twyford, Bucks. Dr. Babington was one
of the chaplains to Lord Robert Dudley, aiterwards Earl of
Leicester, and when his wife Amy Robsart was buried at
St. Mary's at Oxford, preached the funeral discourse. The
story goes that he tripped once or twice in a peculiar manner
by recommending to his auditors the virtues of that lady " so
pitifully murdered" instead of " so pitifully slain." Towards the
close of i 560 he was elected Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity
at Oxford. When in the following year the deanery of Christ
Church became vacant by the resignation of George Carew, it
was supposed Dr. Babington would succeed to that important
dignity. The sincerity of his conversion to Protestantism was,
however, suspected, and the deanery was conferred upon
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 95
Thomas Sampson. Dr. Babington gave up the Vice-Chan
cellorship of Oxford in Michaelmas term, 1562, and soon
afterwards relinquished his professorship. In 1563 he resigned
the office of rector of Lincoln College, and in 1565 he was
deprived of all his benefices as a concealed papist. He then
retired abroad, and, it is said, died in 1569.
Cooper, A then. Cantab. ; Wood, At hen. Oxon. ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
i. A. Catalogue of the Proctors of the University of Oxford,
MS., goes under his name, but it is uncertain that he was the compiler.
Babthorpe, Grace, Lady, a nun of the Augustinian con
vent at Louvain, was the daughter and heiress of William
Bernand, Recorder of York in 1573, and wife of Sir Ralph
Babthorpe, of Babthorpe, in Yorkshire.
Some time after her marriage she was brought up before
the Lord President of the North, at York, for refusing to con
form to the new church, and in consequence was imprisoned,
with several other ladies of title, for nearly two years, in the
old castle of Sheriff Hutton, in Yorkshire. At length, after
many persecutions, she and her husband sought refuge on the
Continent.
After Sir Ralph's death she entered the convent of St.
Monica, Louvain, and was professed in the year 1621, at the
same time with her grandchild, Frances, daughter of Sir
William Babthorpe. She died in 1635. Fr. Morris has
given a very interesting account of the Babthorpes of Bab
thorpe, and Lady Babthorpe's Recollections, in the first series
of his Troubles.
Morris, Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers, First Series.
1. Another narration of the Lady Babthorpe, now Professed
Religious of St. Augustine's Order in St. Monica's, at Louvain.
MS. Archiepiscopal Archives of Westminster (Douay Papers on the Martyrs,
p. 260), printed in Fr. Morris's Troubles. Apparently a sequel to other
notes by Lady Babthorpe which have not been preserved.
2. Sister Grace Babthorpe. Consisting of passages from the
Chronicle of St. Monica, MS., St. Augustine's Priory, Abbotsleigh.
Bacon, Nathaniel, Father S.J., alias Southwell,
was a younger son of Thomas Bacon, Esq., of Norfolk, and
was born in 1598-9.
96 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
After studying at St. Omer's, he proceeded with his brothers,
John and Thomas, to the English College, Rome, where he
was ordained priest in 1622, and was sent upon the English
mission. He entered the Society of Jesus shortly after his
arrival in England, and subsequently he returned to Rome,
and held several offices in the English College. He was then
chosen secretary to the General of the Society in Rome, and
so great was his industry and talent for business, that four
succeeding Generals retained his services in that capacity for
more than twenty years.
On his retirement in 1668, he applied himself to the great
work of revising and re-editing, with copious additions, the
well-known Bibliotheca Scriptorum, S.J., and after that his
book of Meditations. He died at the Gesu, Rome, Dec. 2,
1676, aged 78.
Records, S.J. ; Oliver, Collectanea, S.J.
1 . Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu opus inchoatum a
R. P. Petro Ribadeneira ejusdem Societatis Theologo, anno
salutis 1602. Continuatum a R. P. Philippo Alegambe ex eadem
Societate, usque ad annum 1642. Recognitum et producturn ad
annum Jubilsei 1675 a Wathanaele Sotvello, ejusdem Societatis
Presbytero. Romae, 1676, fol. title, ded., preface, c., xxxvi. pp. ; text,
982 pp. ; errata, c., i leaf.
This is a compilation truly admirable for research, accuracy, elegance,
piety, and charity.
2. A Journal of Meditations for Every Day in the Year,
gathered out of divers authors. MS. in Latin, which he permitted
Fr. Edw. Mico, alias Harvey, to translate into English and publish with
considerable additions. Lond. 1669. Svo. pp. 488. It has since passed
through many editions.
Bacon, Thomas, Father S.J., alias Southwell, was
the son of Thomas Bacon, Esq., and Elizabeth his wife, and
was born at Sculthorp, near Walsingham, in Norfolk, in 1592.
Having studied at St. Omer's College, he entered the English
College, Rome, in 1610, under the assumed name of Southwell.
He joined the Jesuits in 1613, and was Professor of Theology
at Liege for eight years, and was once Vice-Rector of that
college. His great qualifications gained for him a high
reputation, and he exhibited considerable powers in con
troversy, but in the full maturity of age and genius he was
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 97
snatched away from his brethren at Watten, Dec. 1 1, 1637,
aged 45.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Oliver, Collectanea SJ. ; Records S.J. ;
Southivell, Bibl. Script. Societ. Jesu.
1. Vindicse pro Nicolao Smithseo. Leodii, 1631.
2. Regula viva seu Analysis Fidei in Dei per Ecclesiam nos
docentis auctoritatem. Antverpias, 1638. 4to.
3. Comment, in prim. part. S. Thomse. MS. Prepared ready for
the press.
Baddeley, Thomas, Rev., was educated and ordained at
Oscott, and succeeded to the mission of Cresswell, near Cheadle,
in Staffordshire, in 1815, where a handsome Gothic chapel was
erected by the Earl of Shrewsbury in the following year.
Shortly afterwards Mr. Baddeley established a seminary for
ecclesiastical students, of whom several received Holy Orders.
His zeal in the performance of his missionary duties, together
with the heavy charge of conducting this establishment, occa
sioned such a decline in his health as to induce Dr. Milner,
in 1 8 1 9, to send Mr. Waring to his assistance. By his inde
fatigable labours in the discharge of his duties and his anxious
zeal to provide for the missionary wants of the district to which
he was attached, this truly good and amiable ecclesiastic brought
himself to an early grave.
He died at Cresswell, Feb. 18, 1823, in the 36th year of his
age.
An attempt was made, in 1834, to re-establish a school at
Cresswell by the Rev. J. Dunne.
Cath. Miscel., vol. ii. pp. 65 and 117; Cath. Mag., vol. v. p. 600.
i. A Sure Way to find out the True Religion, in a Conversa
tion between a Father and his Son. Manchester, J. A. Robinson.
1822. i8mo.
This work was very favourably reviewed at the time, and was held in
estimation for several years afterwards.
Badeley, Edward, Q,.C., F.S.A., was educated at
Oxford, where he took his degree of M.A., after which he was
entered at the Inner Temple, was admitted to the Bar, and
subsequently became Queen's Counsel.
He zealously followed the Tractarian movement, and was
professionally engaged in several of the most important cases
VOL. I. II
98 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
arising out of that movement. He was one of the counsel for
the Bishop of Exeter in the Gorham appeal to the Queen in
Council, which commenced Dec. 1 1, 1849, an< ^ was decided on
the 8th of the following March. His name also appears with
those of Archdeacons Manning, Wilberforce, and Thorp, W. H.
Mill, Pusey, Keble, Dodsworth, W. J. E. Bennett, H. W. Wilber
force, and others, who afterwards solemnly protested against
the decision of the Court relative to baptism being no doctrine
of the Protestant Church.
Shortly afterwards, in 1852, Mr. Badeley found that he could
no longer remain a member of the Established Church, and from
the time of his conversion until his death his energies were
devoted to the cause of the Catholic Church. He died a
bachelor, March 29, 1868, in the 6$th year of his age.
Cardinal Newman dedicates his volume of Poems to Mr.
Badeley, and also refers to him in the " Apologia." He was
one of the Cardinal's counsel in the Achilli case.
Broivne, Tractarian Movement.
1. Substance of a Speech delivered before the Judicial Com
mittee of the Privy Council, the 17th and 18th of Dec. 1849,
upon an Appeal in a cause between G. C. Gorham, Clerk, and
the Bishop of Exeter. With an Introduction. Lond. 1850. 8vo.
2. Some Examination of a recently published Opinion of
Edward Badeley (here reprinted) in favour of Altar Lights. By
a Layman, late Fellow of Trinity, Cambridge, being a Supple
ment to a Tract entitled Lights on the Altar, by the same Author.
Lond. 1851. 8vo.
3. Marriage with a Deceased Wife's Sister. To which is
appended a Speech by Edward Badeley. By E. B. Pusey, D.D.
4. The Privilege of Religious Confessions in English Courts
of Justice considered in a letter to a Frieud.
5. Case of the Altar Lights at Falmouth. Reprint of a Legal
Opinion (given by Edward Badeley), published in The Morning
Chronicle, April 1851. Lond. (1866.) i6mo.
Baggs, Charles Michael, D.D., Vicar-Apostolic of the
Western District, was the eldest son of Charles Baggs, Esq.,
by Eleanor, daughter of John Howard Kyan, of Mount
Howard, co. Wicklow, Esq., and was born May 21, 1806, in
the county of Meath, Ireland. His father was a Protestant
barrister, and acting Judge-Advocate of Demerara, who in
tended to bring up his son for the legal profession, but a
reverse of fortune, and his sudden death in 1820, induced the
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 99
Catholic mother to withdraw her son, in June of that year, from
Mr. King's Protestant academy at Englefield Green, Berks, and
to place him, first at Sedgley Park for a year, and afterwards at
St. Edmund's, Old Hall.
He was sent by his superiors to the English College, Rome,
in the spring of 1825, where he passed a distinguished academic
career, and was ordained priest in 1830 ; and so rapidly did he
rise in the estimation of all around him, that he was appointed
Vice-Rector, and subsequently, in 1 840, Rector of the College.
Gregory XVI. made him an honorary chamberlain shortly
afterwards.
On the death of Dr. Baines, V.A. of the Western District,
Dr. Baggs was appointed to succeed him, and was consecrated
by the title of Bishop of Pella, in St. Gregory's Church, Rome,
Jan. 28, 1844. But the English climate was too severe for
his delicate constitution, enfeebled by long residence in Italy.
His health and strength rapidly gave way, and he expired, at
Prior Park, Oct. 16, 1845, an d was buried, near the remains of
his predecessor, Dr. Baines, in the college church.
In consequence of the breaking up of the college at Prior
Park, his remains were removed to a vault in Midford
Chapel.
Brady, Episc. Succession ; Oliver, Collections.
1. A Letter addressed to the Rev. R. Burgess, B.D., the Pro
testant Chaplain in Rome (in reference to his work entitled
" Greece and the Levant," and other of his writings). Rome, 1836.
8vo. Trans, into Italian by Dr. Baggs himself, Roma, 1836. 8vo. pp. 135.
2. A Discourse (on Matt. xvi. 18, 19) on the Supremacy of the
Roman Pontiff, delivered in the Church of Gesu et Maria, in the
Corso, Rome, on Sunday, Feb. 7, 1836. Rome, 1836. 8vo. Ded. to
Cardinal Weld. Trans, into Italian by Augusto Garafolini, Tipographia
delle Belle Arti.
3. The Papal Chapel described and illustrated from History
and Antiquity. Rome, 1839. Svo. pp. 44, with folding frontispiece of
the Chapel. Ded. to Cardinal Acton.
4. The Ceremonies of Holy Week at the Vatican and St. John
Laterans, described and illustrated from History and Antiquities ;
with an account of the Armenian Mass at Rome, on Holy Satur
day, and the Ceremonies of the Holy Week at Jerusalem. Rome,
1839. Svo. Ded. to Hugh Clifford (afterwards Lord Clifford). Reprinted
Rome, 1854. Svo.
5. The Pontifical Mass, sung at St. Peter's Church on Easter
Sunday, on the Festival of SS. Peter and Paul, and Christmas
H 2
IOO BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Day, described and illustrated; with a Dissertation on Ecclesi
astical "Vestments. Rome, 1840. 8vo. Ded. Cardinal James Giustiniani,.
Bishop of Albano, and Protector of the English College.
6. Funeral Oration delivered at the solemn obsequies of the
Lady Guendaline Talbot, Princess Borghese, in St. Charles'
Church, in the Corso, on Dec. 23, 1840. Rome, 1841. 8vo.
7. Dissertazione sul sisterna Teologico degli Anglicani detti
Puseyisti. Estratto dagli Annali delle Scienze religiose. Rome,
1842. 8vo., pp. 35. Read in the Academia di Religione Cattolica, at Rome,-
June 30, 1842 ; published in the Annali, vol. xv., No. 43.
8. Dissertazione sullo Stato Odierno della Chiesa Anglicana.
Estratto dagli Annali della Scienze Religiose. Rome, 1843. 8vo.
p. 28. Published in the Annali, vol. xvii., No. 49.
9. "Remarks on a Discourse delivered by Bishop Baggs in the Catholic
Church of Penzance," 1844, I2mo. 1845.
10. Portrait, the Bight Rev. Dr. Charles Michael Baggs,,
Bishop of Pella, and Vicar- Apostolic of the Western District
of England. Died Oct. 16, 1845, aged 39. Published with a memoir,,
"Cath. Directory," 1851. 8vo.
Bagshaw, Christopher, D.D., descended from a family
of that name at Ridge, or Abney, in Derbyshire, was educated
at Oxford, where, in i 572, he was admitted probationer Fellow
of Balliol College, and was much noticed on account of his
promising abilities. About 1579 he was chosen Principal or
Vice-Principal of Gloucester Hall ; but three years later, becom
ing a Catholic, he threw up all his preferments, and retired
abroad. After a short stay in France, he travelled to Rome,
and applied himself to the study of divinity in the English
College. He received his degree of D.D. in one of the univer
sities of Italy, and then, returning to England, laboured with
great zeal and application as a missioner, until he was seized
and committed prisoner to Wisbeach Castle, where he is found
in i 593, with several other priests. Not long afterwards he
obtained his release and returned to the Continent, where he
was employed by the clergy, especially in Rome, in the matter
connected with the Archpriest. The remainder of his life was
mostly spent in Paris, where he is supposed to have died soon
after 1625, at a very advanced age.
Dr. Bagshaw was a good Grecian scholar, and a skilful contro
versialist in matters of religion, evidenced in the conferences he
and his colleague, Dr. Stephens, held in 1612 with Dr. Featley,
chaplain to the English ambassador at Paris, in the presence of
Lord Clifford, Sir Edward Somerset, and other distinguished men.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. IOI
Dr. Featley, in his work entitled " Transubstantiation Ex
ploded," published in 1638, pays a tribute to his adversaries
in these words : " I had not as then spent so much time in
the study of controversies, as I thought requisite for one who
>was to encounter with veterani milites."
He was antagonistic to Father Persons in the unfortunate
disputes between the Jesuits and Seculars, and wrote several
works touching these matters.
Dodd, Ck.Hist.
1. Belatio compendiosa Turbarum, quas Jesuitse Angli, ttna
cum D. Georgio Blackwello, Archipresbytero, Sacerdotibus
Seminariorum, Populoque Catholico concivero, ob Schismatis et
aliorum criminum invidiam illis injuriose impactam, Sacro
Sanctse Inquisitionis officio exhibita ; ut rerum veritate cognita
ab integerrimis ejusdem judicibus lites et causse discutiantur
et terminentur. Rothomagi, 1601, 4to., 51 leaves. This work contains
several important letters in the Wisbeach Controversy (for an outline of
which vide George Blackwell), the last of which, dated London, Nov. 4,
is from Charnock.
2. A True Relation of the faction begun at Wisbich, by Fa.
Edmonds, alias Weston, a Jesuite, 1595, and continued since by
the Jesuits in England, and by Fa. Parsons in Rome, with their
adherents : Against us the Secular Priests, their brethren and
fellow-prisoners, that disliked of novelties, and thought it dis
honourable to the auncient Ecclesiastical! Discipline of the
Catholicke Church, that Secular Priests should be governed by
Jesuits. Newly Imprinted. 1601. 410., pp. 90.
In order to obtain a clear understanding of the relations existing between
i the Seculars and the Jesuits at this time, it will be necessary to read the
principal works which were published in the Wisbeach Controversy, for it
was in the prison at Wisbeach that the differences arose. Those who have
not an opportunity of consulting the original works, Constable's " Specimen
of Amendments," or " Dodd's Apology," may with advantage consult
'Tierney's Dodd, vol. iii., and Bro. Foley's " Records S.J.," vol. i.
The work under notice, The True Relation, breaks off suddenly through
fear, the author says, of a search. Though this may be literally true,
this statement may also have been made in answer to the charge of the
Jesuits that the books of the Appellants were printed and issued with the
connivance, if not assistance, of Bancroft, Bishop of London, and the
Council. That such was the case with Watson's books is most probable.
3. An Answer of M. Doctor Bagshaw to certayne poyntes of
a libell called An Apologie of the Subordination in England.
Paris (1601), 8vo., written in answer to Persons' work and added to Dr.
Ely's reply. 'A Sparing Discovery" has been ascribed to Bagshaw, but
that work was by William Watson. For the Wisbeach Controversy vide
. J. Bennett, W. Bishop, Geo. Blackwell, T. Bluet, A. Champney, J. Colleton,
T. Lister,-SJ., J. Mush, c.
IO2 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Bagshaw, Robert Sigebert, O.S.B., was born in.
Derbyshire, and was a scholar of Nicholas Garlick, the martyr,
at the school at Tideswell.
He went to Douay in 1581, five years later was ordained
priest, and in Jan. 1589 was sent to the mission in England.
After some years he joined the Benedictines, and is stated to
have been aggregated to the Abbey of Westminster. The date
of his profession is not recorded, but it was whilst serving the
mission in England. He afterwards proceeded to Rome, and
was Procurator for the Old English Congregation. He was
one of the nine definitors appointed to arrange the union of the
three Benedictine Congregations in 1617. He was Prior of
St. Edmund's Monastery at Paris from 1621 to 1629, and was
President-General of his brethren from 1630 until his death, at
Douay, Aug. 19, 1633.
Snow, Bened. Necrology ; C/ialloner, Memoirs.
1. Relation of the Death of Nicholas Garlick, priest, at Derby,
in 1588. MS.
2. A number of his letters are preserved at Downside.
Bailey, one, of Holborn, bookseller, &c., is mentioned by
Gee in 1624.
Gcc, Foot out of the Snare.
Bailey, Thomas, D.D., was the fourth and youngest son
of Lewis Bailey, Bishop of Bangor (author of the famous work
entitled the " Practice of Piety "), and was educated at Cam
bridge, where he was held in much esteem. In the latter part
of 1638 he was made Sub-Dean of Wells, but during the Civil
War, in 1644, he retired to Oxford, and resuming his studies
proceeded in degrees, and was created a doctor in divinity.
He was a vigorous assertor of the King's cause, and attended
his Majesty in the field, having the satisfaction to be present
in Raglan Castle when Charles was entertained there by the
Marquis of Worcester, after the fatal battle of Naseby in 1646.
After the king's departure he remained at Raglan until the
castle was surrendered, Aug. 16, in the same year, and it was
he who drew up the articles of capitulation.
Through the influence and with the assistance of the Marquis
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 1 03
of Worcester, he was enabled to make a tour through Flanders
and France, and see in practice the principles of the Catholic
religion which he had for some time thoroughly considered,
and the consequence was his conversion.
After his return to England he employed his pen during the
Cromwellian usurpation in exposing the Parliamentary schemes,
and the authorship being suspected he was thrown into prison
in Newgate, where, notwithstanding, he persisted as far as he
dare in the same course. It was during this confinement that
he wrote the " Herba Parietis ; or, the Wall-flower," in allu
sion to the walls of his prison. Having at length succeeded
in procuring his release, he once more went abroad, and pro
ceeded to Italy, where he was entertained by Cardinal Otto-
boni, at that time the Pope's nuncio at Ferrara, in whose
household he remained for some time, and died shortly before
the restoration of Charles II. Dr. Bailey was a man of un
doubted learning, of which his works are evidence.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
1. Certamen Religiosum, or a Conference between Charles,
King of England, and Henry, late Marquess and Earl of "Wor
cester, concerning Religion ; at his Majesties being at Ragland
Castle, 1646. Lond. 1649. 8vo. 5 other editions, 1651 and 1652. 4to.
Dr. Heylin, Christopher Cartwright, and Hainan L'Estrange suspect his
fidelity in the account of this conference, but Dr. Bailey defends himself
in the preface to the " Herba Parietis," in which he informs us that he was
present at the conference, and that the arguments are drawn up with justice
to both sides.
Their works are : " Animadversions on Certamen Religiosum," &c., pub
lished by Peter Heylin in his epistle to the Bibliotheca Regia, printed in the
years 1647, 1650, and 1659.
" A Vindication of the Protestant Religion against the Marquis of Wor
cester's last Papers. By Christopher Cartwright." Lond. 1651. 4to.
" An Answer to the Marquis of Worcester's last Paper to the late King,
together with some considerations upon Dr. Bayley's Parenthetical Interlocu
tion. By Haman L'Estrange." Lond. 1651. Svo.
2. The Royal Charter granted unto Kings Tby God Himself,
and coUected out of His Holy Word in tooth Testaments. A
Treatise wherein, is proved that Episcopacy is Jure Divino.
Lond. 1649. I2mo. With portrait of Charles II. by Van Hove. Reprinted
1656, 1680, and 1682. 410. It was for this work he was committed to
Newgate.
3. Herba Parietis ; or, the Wall-flower, as it grew out of the
Stone-Chamber belonging to the Metropolitan prison of London,
called Newgate, being a history which is partly true, partly
IO4 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
romantic, morally divine. Whereby a marriage between reality
and fancy is solemnised by Divinity. Written by T. B. whilst he
was a prisoner there. Lond. 1650, fol. with frontispiece.
4. An End to Controversie between the Boman Catholique and
the Protestant Religions justified by all the severall manner of
wayes whereby all kind of controversies are determined. Douay,
1654. 4to. Ded. to the Right Rev. and Right Hon. Walter Montague,
Lord Abbot of Nanteul. Against which Dr. Heylin wrote his " Ecclesia
Vindicata ; or, the Church of England justified." Lond. 1657.
5. The Life and Death of that renowned John Fisher, Bishop
of Rochester ; comprising the highest and hidden Transactions
of Church and State in the Reign of Henry the 8th, with divers
Morall, Historicall, and Politicall Animadversions upon Cardinal
Wolsey, Sir Thomas Moor, Martin Luther, with a full relation of
Queen Katharine's Divorce. Carefully selected from severall
ancient Records, by Tho. Bailey, D.D. Lond. 1655. i2mo., with
portrait of Fisher by R. Vaughan.
Another edition was published by Tho. Meighan, 1739, I2mo., with por
trait ; and the third by Meighan, 1740, I2mo., with portrait. The latter
edition varies somewhat from the original. The will of Henry VIII. is
translated into English. It was again printed 1835. I2mo.
This work was in reality written by Dr. Richard Hall, who died at St.
Omer in 1604. After his death the MS. came into the possession of the
Benedictines at Dieulward, and a Mr. West obtained a copy of it, which he
presented to Franciscus a St. Clare (alias Fris. Davenport), a learned Fran
ciscan, by whom it was bestowed upon Sir Wingfield Bodenham, who lent
it to Dr. Bailey. After reading it he took a copy of it, and sold it to a book
seller, who took the liberty, it is presumed, to publish it with Dr. Bailey's
name.
6. Dr. Bailey's Challenge.
Against this appeared "Answer to Doctor Bailie's Challenge : Opus im-
perfectum. By Rob. Sanderson, Bishop of Lincoln." Referred to in his
Life by Isaac Walton in 1678.
Baily, Laurence, martyr, a Lancashire Catholic yeoman,
was apprehended for having aided and assisted a priest who
had fallen into the hands of the pursuivants and had made
his escape from them. For this offence he was cast into
prison, where he endured great suffering with much patience
and constancy, until, being brought to trial, he was condemned
to die as in cases of felony, by the statute of 2/th Elizabeth.
He was executed at Lancaster, according to Dr. Worthington
(Catalogue of Martyrs, 1614), in August, but according to
Molanus, Sept 16, 1604.
CJialloner, Memoirs.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. IO5
Baily, Thomas, D.D., a native of Yorkshire, studied at
Clare Hall, Cambridge, where he proceeded B.A. in 1546.
Soon afterwards he became Fellow of that house, and com
menced M.A. in 1549.
In 1554 he served the office of Proctor, and in the following
year subscribed the Roman Catholic Articles. He was ap
pointed Master of Clare Hall, probably about Nov. 1557. I n
1558 he proceeded B.D. When Elizabeth succeeded to the
crown he refused to comply with the change in religion, and
being deprived of his mastership, went to Louvain, where he
was created D.D. He remained there till Jan. 30, 1576,
when Dr. Allen invited him to Douay, and employed him in
the government of the English College both at Douay and
Rheims, and he usually acted as president in Dr. Allen's
absence. He left Rheims, Jan. 27, 1589, and returning to
Douay, spent his declining years amongst those few English
who kept possession of the old college, during its sojourn in
Rheims. He died Oct. 7, 1591, and was buried in the chapel
of St. Nicholas, in the parish church of St. James, Douay.
His death was much lamented by all who knew him, espe
cially by Cardinal Allen, who always had the highest opinion
of his merit.
He had the chief hand in managing the temporalities of the
college, while Dr. Bristow regulated the schools, and Dr. Allen
himself inspected discipline. The college was very prosperous
under this triumvirate, but as a nation quickly finds the loss of
a zealous and able ministry, so was it with the English College,
which after their decease was burthened with debt, and divided
by intestine disputes.
Dodd, Ck. Hist.
Baines, Peter Augustine, O.S.B., Bishop of Siga, was
born Jan. 25, 1787, at Kirkley, near Liverpool, whither the
family had removed from Singleton in the Fylde. He was
sent to the English Benedictine Abbey of Lambspring, in
Germany, to study for the Church in 1798. Within four
years later the monks were compelled to leave their ancient
monastery, and they eventually settled at Ampleforth, in the
parish of Oswaldkirk, near York.
Here Peter Baines pursued his studies and was solemnly
106 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
professed June 8, 1804, and remained as a professor in the
college until 1817, when he was appointed to the important
mission of Bath.
He continued to preside over this mission until he was
selected as coadjutor to Bishop Collingridge, V.A. of the
Western District, and was consecrated Bishop of Siga, May I,
1823.
For the benefit of his health, Dr. Baines was recommended
a tour on the Continent, and he made a lengthened residence
at Rome. On the death of Bishop Collingridge, March 3,
1829, Dr. Baines succeeded to the Vicariate, and obtained
permission from Pius VIII. to become secularized, after an
attachment to the Benedictine Order for a quarter of a century.
In December of that year he concluded the purchase of the
magnificent mansion of Prior Park, near Bath. He appropriated
the mansion for an episcopal residence, and added two wings ;
one, St. Peter's, to serve for a lay college ; the other, St. Paul's,
to be an ecclesiastical seminary.
The purchase of Prior Park brought much anxiety and
trouble upon the bishop and his successors. The centre of the
splendid pile of buildings accidentally took fire in 1836, and
the cost of the repairs and maintenance of so expensive an
establishment led to continual financial difficulties, which
weighed so heavily upon him that his constitution was rapidly
undermined, and he died suddenly at Prior Park, July 6,
1843.
Cardinal Wiseman, in his "Recollections of the Last Four
Popes/' thus refers to this distinguished prelate : " Many
people will remember him. He was happiest in his unwritten
discourses. The flow of his words was easy and copious, his
imagery was often very elegant, and his discourses were replete
with thought and solid matter. But his great power was in his
delivery, in voice, in tone, in look, and gesture. His whole
manner was full of pathos, sometimes more even than the
matter justified ; there was a peculiar tremulousness of voice,
which gave his words more than double effect, notwithstanding
a broadness of provincial accent, and an occasional dramatic
pronunciation of certain words. In spite of such defects, he was
considered by all that heard him one of the most eloquent and
earnest preachers they had ever attended.
" Such was the person destined in the mind of Leo. XII. to
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. IO/
be the first English Cardinal. The fact was, that Dr. Baines
was a Benedictine, brought up in the Abbey of Lambspring,
and before his episcopal promotion Prior of Ampleforth, in
Yorkshire.
" We were informed by Monsignor Nicolai that the Pope had
called him, and said to him ' that he had been casting his eyes
around him for a member of the Benedictine body on whom to
bestow the hat of restitution ; many worthy men in it were too
aged and infirm, others too young, so that he had fixed upon
the English monk, if on inquiry his character should prove
equal to the proposed elevation.'
" Such inquiries were made in good measure amongst us
without their object being communicated. The result was that
the bishop was desired to remove from the private apartments
in the Palazzo Costa, where he had been living with his
English friends, to the Benedictine Monastery of San Callisto,
and to wear the episcopal habit of his Order.
" The death of the Pope alone prevented the consummation
of this plan ; his successor, who probably had not heard of it,
selected a very old Benedictine abbot, Crescini, from Parma,
' to receive the hat which he, as well as Leo XII., owed to
Pius VII.' ... It is evident, however, that Dr. Baines would
have been made a Cardinal, not on national grounds, but
as a Benedictine. . . . And besides, there can be no doubt that
this intention was made the basis of the nomination of an
English Cardinal in the ensuing Pontificate."
Oliver, Collections ; Brady, Episc. Succession ; Wiseman,
Recollections of the Last Four Popes.
1. The leading Doctrines of the Catholic Religion, being the
substance of a Sermon preached at the opening of the new
Catholic Chapel at Sheffield, May 1, 1816. Lond. 1816. 8vo.
2. A Letter to C. A. Moysey ... on the subject of an attack
made by him upon the Catholics, in a Charge to the Clergy of the
Deanery of Bedminster . . . June 21, 1821. Bath, 1821. Svo. pp. 47.
Second Edition, Bath [1821] Svo. This brought forth a reply by Vindex
(pseud). A letter to .... P. B. in reply to one lately addressed by him to
Dr. Moysey (on the Catholic Question). Svo. 1821.
3. A Defence of the Christian Religion during the last
thirteen Centuries, in a Second Letter to Chas. Abel Moysey,
D.D., Archdeacon of Bath. 1822. Svo. pp. 274.
4- A Remonstrance, in a Third Letter to Dr. Moysey. pp. 47.
5. An Inquiry into the Nature, Object, and Obligations of the
Religion of Christ, with a comparison of the Ancient and
IO8 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Modern Christianity of England, in reply to the Archdeacon of
Sarum's "Protestant Companion," in a Fourth Letter to the
Archdeacon of Bath. Bath [1824], 8vo. pp. 96 ; Lond. 1825. 8vo.
It is written with great spirit and vigour ; the conclusion is singularly
happy and efficient. To this Dr. Daubeny, Archdeacon of Sarum, replied
with a " Supplement to the Protestant's Companion, containing a particular
analysis of Bishop Baines's Doctrine of Transubstantiation," &c. 1825. 8vo.
The " Protestant's Companion " was written in reply to Dr. Baines, and pub
lished 1824. 8vo.
These letters were republished under the title A Defence of the
Christian Religion, &c., in a Series of Letters addressed to C. A.
Moysey, D.D., Archdeacon of Bath. New Edition, revised and
corrected by the Author, and embellished with engravings drawn
on the wood by W. M. Craig, Esq. Lond. Ambrose Cuddon, 1825.
8vo. pp. 210, 10 engravings. It includes an Appendix consisting of An
Explanation of the Controverted Doctrines of the Catholic Church, by
Bossuet, with preliminary notes, by the Rev. John Fletcher, extracted from
the Catholic's Manual.
6. Substance of a Sermon preached on the occasion of the
Dedication of the Catholic Chapel at Taunton, July 3, 1822, on
the Worship of God in general, and on the Eucharistic Sacra
ment and Sacrifice, the Real Presence, and Transubstantiation
in particular. Bath, 1822. 8vo.
7. A Sermon preached on Nov. 13, 1823, on the Advantages
and Consolations of the Christian Religion, at the opening of
St. Alban's Chapel, Warrington. pp. 16.
8. A Sermon delivered at the Dedication of St. Mary's Chapel,
at Myddleton Lodge, on May 18, 1825. Lond. 8vo. pp. 25.
9. Faith, Hope, and Charity. The Substance of a Sermon (on
1 Cor. xiii. 12,13) preached at the Dedication of the Catholic
Chapel at Bradford, July 27, 1825. Lond. 1825. 8vo. ; York,
1825. 8vo.
This celebrated sermon went through many editions ; three in 1826, one
in 1828, two in 1829, another in 1836 ; again published by the Catholic
Institute in 1838, 8vo. ; and probably others.
It elicited many replies, amongst which maybe enumerated: "A Brief
Reply to Dr. Baines's Sermon preached at the opening of the Bradford Roman
Catholic Chapel." By G. Ouseley, 1829. 8vo. "An Answer to the Roman
Catholic Doctrines of Faith, Hope, and Charity, delivered in a Sermon
preached by P. A. B.," &c. By a Protestant. 1829. 8vo. " The Doctrines
of the Church of Rome, in reply to a Sermon by P. A. B.," &c. By W.
Keary. 1826. 8vo. "A Reply to the First Part of a Sermon delivered by
P. A. B,, upon Faith, Hope, and Charity." By a Member of the British
Reformation Society. Lond. 1831. "A Reply to the Second Part," c.
By the same. Lond. 1832. 8vo. " Protestant and Popish Missionaries con
trasted ; a Speech containing Strictures on the Bishop of Siga's Sermon,"
&c. (1827). 8vo. ByG. Lowther. " A few Remarks upon a Sermon preached
by P. A. B.," &c. (1835). 8vo. ByG. W.Munnings. " A Letter to J. Taylor
in reply to his attack on Dr. B.'s Dedicatory Sermon," &c. By R. Murphy.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
1827. 8vo. "A Letter to Rev. J. Taylor, M.A., curate of Bradford, by the
Rev. Francis Murry, in reply to his unwarrantable attack on the Dedicatory
Sermon preached by the Right Rev. Dr. Baynes, at the opening of the new
Catholic Chapel, Bradford." Bradford, 1827. "Correspondence between
the Right Hon. R. W. Horton and the Right Rev. P. A. B.," &c. By the
Right Hon. SirjR.J. W.Horton, Bart. 1829. Svo.; trans, into Italian, Roma,
1829, 8vo., p. 16.
10. After the disastrous fire at Prior Park in 1836, Dr. Baines issued
letters appealing to the Catholic body and to the Protestant public, soliciting
aid towards the restoration of the College, which elicited a letter by Laocoon
(pseud), entitled, " The Trojan Horse, or Observations on the Circular
Letters of Dr. Baines soliciting aid towards the restoration of Prior Park
Mansion." 1836. Svo.
u. Two Sermons preached at St. Mary's, York: 1. On the
Good Shepherd, on April 29, 1838 ; 2. On the Value of Trials
and Afflictions, on the following Sunday, May 5.
12. A Sermon preached at St. Mary's, Edinburgh, on the
Parable of the Unjust Steward, July 29, 1838, the day after his
consecrating Dr. James Gillis, Bishop of Limyra.
lw An account of the Consecration of Dr. Gillis as coadjutor bishop of the
Eastern District of Scotland ; with the Discourses delivered by Dr. Murdock
and Dr. Baines," &c. 1838. Svo.
13. A Sermon on the Propagation of the Faith, delivered in
the Sardinian Chapel, London, Jan. 20, 1839.
14. Outlines of Christianity, being the substance of six Lec
tures delivered in the Catholic Chapel, Pierrepont Place, Bath,
during the Sundays in Lent, 1839 : 1. On the Nature of Religion ;
2. On the Knowledge of Religion ; 3. The History of Religion ;
4. On the Church of Christ ; 5. State of Departed Souls ; 6. The
Eucharistic Mystery. Prior Park, 1839. Svo.
15. A Pastoral addressed to the Faithful of the Western Dis
trict of England, on occasion of the Fast of Lent. Prior Park,
1840. 8vo.
This was much criticised, and was submitted to examination in Rome. It
was reproved by Pope Gregory XVI., by letters Apostolic, dated Jan. 16, 1841.
Bishop Baines, being in Rome, made an ample submission to the Holy
See, on the I5th of March following, and on March 19, 1841, the Pope
expressed his satisfaction and contentment with the behaviour of Bishop
Baines.
A tract appeared, entitled " Faith, Hope, and Charity. Extract from a
Sermon preached at the Dedication of a Catholic Chapel at Bradford, 1825 ;
or the Bishop's Appeal to the Catholic Church : 'against the Pope and the
Church of Rome, founded upon Holy Scripture, contrasted with quotations
from the Missal and the Breviary," &c. Lond. 1841. I2mo.
1 6. A Letter to Sir Charles Wolseley, Bart., on the Lenten
Pastoral of 1840, dated Prior Park, July 17, 1841. Lond. 1841. Svo.
17. On Divine Worship. A Sermon (on Matt. iv. 10). Lond.
(Birmingham, printed). 1841. Svo. This was delivered at St. Chad's, Bir
mingham, June 24, 1841.
HO BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
1 8. A Sermon preached at the Confirmation at Ugbrooke,
Jan. 1, 1842.
19. Marks of the True Church : the Substance of a Sermon
(on Matt, xxviii. 18-20) delivered at the opening of St. Mary's
Chapel, Bristol, July 5, 1843. Prior Park, 1843. 8vo.
This sermon was preached the day before his lamented death.
20. Theologia Dogmatica et Moralis ad usum Seminarii Monte
Crucis, vulgo Prior Park, jussu et approbatione Rev. D.D. P.
A. Baines, Episc. Sigensis. Prior Park ex typ. Collegii S. Pauli,
1840-1, 2 vols. 8vo.
This was drawn up under his supervision by the professors at the College.
21. Soon after the appearance of Cardinal Wiseman's " Recollections of
the Last Four Popes," in 1858, in which the character of Dr. Baines, quoted
above, appeared, Canon Tierney, of Arundel, wrote a letter in the June
number of The Rambler, in which he took exception to some statements of
the Cardinal relative to Bishop Baines and Dr. Lingard. This called forth
a rejoinder from the Cardinal in the shape of " A Letter to the Canons of the
Cathedral Chapter of Westminster," printed but not published. Lond. 1858,
8vo. pp. 26, and dated Oct. 16, with the postscript, " Whoever receives this
letter is sincerely requested not to allow it to be published, entire or in part."
To this Canon Tierney replied, rather warmly, in a pamphlet printed but
not published, entitled "A Reply to Cardinal Wiseman's Letter to His
Chapter, to which is prefixed the Letter to The Rambler which is the sub
ject of his Eminence's strictures." Lond. 8vo. pp. iv., 38, dated Dec. 1858.
In this the Canon characterises the Cardinal's remarks Jin the " Recollec
tions " as very disparaging and unjust to Dr. Baines, and alludes to some
"offensive remarks on a passage in my Memoir of Dr. Lingard," published
more than four years before.
22. Besides the foregoing Dr. Baines published numerous pastorals.
23. Portrait, Theweuetti, delin., R. Smith, sculp., 1844, 8vo., published
in the Catholic Directory with Memoir. Several others were also published.
Baines, Ralph, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry,
was a native of Knowsthorp, in Yorkshire, and was educated at
St. John's College, Cambridge, where he proceeded B.A. in
151718, and was ordained priest at Ely, April 23, 1519, being
then a Fellow of St. John's on Bishop Fisher's foundation.
He became M.A. in 1521, was constituted one of the university
preachers in 1527, and was collated to the rectory of Hard-
wicke, Cambridgeshire, which he resigned in 1544. Dodd, in
his Church History, states that he was " a divine of great
note, very dexterous in expounding the Scriptures, and
remarkably skilled in the three sacred languages." He opposed
Latimer at Cambridge, and in 1550 he is found disputing at
Westminster on the Catholic side. He afterwards went to Paris,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. Ill
and was Professor of Hebrew in that university. He continued
abroad until the accession of Mary, when he returned to
England, and on Nov. 18, 1554, was made Bishop of Lichfield
and Coventry. He commenced D.D. at Cambridge in 1555.
When Elizabeth ascended the throne he was deprived of his
bishopric in June, 1559, and imprisoned for non-compliance
with the change in religion. He died the same year at
Islington, Nov. 18, 1559, and was buried in the church of
St. Dunstan-in-the-West, London. He was one of the chief
restorers of Hebrew learning in this country, and was also well
versed in Latin and Greek.
Coopery A then. Cantab.
1. Prima Rudiments in linguam Hebraicam. Paris, 1550. 4to.
2. Compendium Michol, hoc est, absolutissimse grammatices
Davidis Chimhi. Paris, 1554. 4to.
3. In Proverbia Salomonis. Paris, 1555, fol. Ded. to Henry, King
of France.
Baines, "William, a Colonel of Horse, who lost his life in
defence of the Royal cause at Malpas, in Cheshire, during the
Civil War.
Lord Castlemain, Cath. Apology.
Baker, Alexander, Father S. J., was a native of Norfolk,
born in 1582. He entered the Society about 1610, and twice
undertook journeys to the remotest territories of the Indies in
the missionary cause. In 1615 he reconciled the Rev. William
Coke, a son of Sir Edward Coke, the famous lawyer ; and in
1625 it appears from the proceedings of the House of Lords
that he had been in prison, and was pardoned and liberated at
the intercession of a foreign ambassador. He died in London,
where he had resided for many years, May 23, 1627.
Records S.J. Collectanea.
i. A Treatise in defence of the Doctrine of Regeneration by
Baptism as held by Catholics, showing the difference of opinion
by Protestants. MS. in P.R.O. State Papers, Dom. James I., vol.
clxxxix. n. 25.
Baker, Charles, S.J., martyr ; vide David Henry Lewis.
112 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Baker, David Austin, O.S.B., was the son of William
Baker, steward to Lord Abergavenny, by his wife, a daughter of
Lewis ap John, alias Wallis, Vicar of Abergavenny, and sister
of Dr. David Lewis, Judge of the Admiralty, who has a fine
tomb in St. Mary's Church, Abergavenny. He was born
at Abergavenny, Dec. 9, 1575, and was educated at Christ
Church Hospital, London, and afterwards, in 1590, entered a
commoner in Broadgate's Hall, Oxford. His father had intended
him for the Church, but for some reason he was committed to
the care of his elder brother Richard, a counsellor, to study for
the law. He then entered the Middle Temple, and soon gave
tokens of his ability. It was about this time that he began to
entertain doubts as to Divine Providence and the existence of
a Supreme Being, to which his youthful extravagances and the
loose company he had kept at Oxford had in great measure
contributed, aud which were not entirely removed until that
Providence which he doubted came to his assistance in a very
extraordinary manner.
After his brother's death, his father sent for him into the
country, that he might assist him in his profession as steward
to Lord Abergavenny, and he procured his son's appointment
to the Recordship of Abergavenny.
Gifted with superior talents and solid judgment, which he
improved by indefatigable industry, he might have attained the
first rank in his profession, when a marvellous escape from immi
nent death, which he considered to be supernatural, convinced
him that Providence took more care of his life and safety than he
had hitherto done of his immortal soul. This led him to pray
fervently that God would enlighten his mind and direct him in
the way of salvation. Reconciled to the Church, he proceeded,
in 1605, to the Benedictine Convent of St. Justina, at Padua,
and commenced his novitiate in that year, but ill-health made
it necessary to return home. He arrived in time to attend his
dying father, and had the consolation of inducing him to
embrace the Catholic faith, and make a most Christian end.
No sooner had he settled family affairs than he returned to
consecrate himself to God in the above-mentioned monastery.
After his ordination he served on the mission. He went to St.
Gregory's Monastery, Douay, in 1624, and afterwards was
director to the nuns at Cambray. He was Definitor in Chapter,
in 1633, k ut resigned, and in 1638 was again sent to the mission.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 113
Some persons having contended that the ancient Benedictine
Congregation in this country was dependent on that of Cluni,
in the diocese of Magon, founded about the year 910, Fr. Baker,
then on the mission, at the wish of his superiors, devoted his
time and fortune to expose and refute this groundless error.
For this purpose he inspected very carefully the monuments
and evidences in public and private collections in London and
elsewhere. He had the benefit of the opinions of Sir Robert
Cotton, John Selden, Sir Henry Spelman, and William Camden ;
and the result of his laborious and lucid researches is embodied
in that learned folio volume, entitled " Apostolatus Benedic-
tinorum in Anglia." His dear friend, Fr. Jones, reduced the
mass of materials into respectable Latinity, and they left Fr.
Clement Reyner, their assistant, an excellent scholar, to edit the
work ; so that it passes for being finished, " opera et industria
R. P. dementis Reyneri."
Whilst engaged in these investigations, he once met, at Sir
Robert Cotton's library, William Camden, the distinguished
scholar, antiquary, and historian, and was present at a conver
sation between him and Sir Robert, who had recently become
possessed, for a small consideration, of a chest of papers that
had belonged to Sir Francis Walsingham, Secretary of State
to Queen Elizabeth. Sir Robert informed Mr. Camden, and
proved by these documents, that he had received very false
information of many passages in his History of Queen Eliza
beth, and he demonstrated from them that the insurrection in
the north, under the Earl of Westmoreland, was the actual con
trivance of Walsingham ; " whereupon Mr. Camden exclaimed
earnestly and loudly against his false informers, and wished
that his history had never been written" (Weldon, p. 120,
quoting Cressy).
But Fr. Baker shone pre-eminently as a master of spiritual
life ; he was the hidden man of the heart, absorbed in heavenly
contemplation. Out of more than forty of his MS. treatises
Fr. Serenus Cressy compiled the works entitled " Sancta
Sophia." The nuns of Cambray deeply imbibed his spirit
during the nine years that he was their director, arid kept his
sayings in their hearts.
He died of the plague, in his house, Gray's Inn Lane, London,
Aug. 9, 1641, aged 65, and was buried at St. Andrew's, Holborn.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Oliver, Collections.
VOL. I. I
114 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
1. Two Treatises on the Laws of England. MSS., written while
he was at the Middle Temple, which, after his death, being left in the hands
of his kinsman, Fr. Leander Pritchard, were destroyed at the pillage of
the Benedictine house and chapel of St. John's, in Clerkenwell, when
James II. left England in Dec. 1688.
2. Apostolatus Benedictinorum in Anglia, sive disceptatio
Historica de Antiquitate ordinis congregationisque Monacho-
rum nigrorum St. Benedicti in Regno Anglise cum Appendice.
Duaci, 1626, fol., with engraved title by M. Boss, surrounded with eighteen
portraits of celebrated English Benedictines. This work was edited .by
Fr. Clem. Reyner, D.D., O.S.B., in accordance with the order of General
Chapter held in 1625, but it was entirely drawn from the materials collected
by Fr. Baker, which filled six folio vols., and from which Fr. Serenus Cressy
also founded his Church History. Fr. Baker's six folio vols. Ecclesiastical
History, MSS., are stated by Dodd to have been lost, presumably at the
seizure of the Cambray Convent.
3. A Treatise of the Discretion that is to be used in the
Exercises of a Spiritual Life. Svo. Dated Cambray, 1628, and
approved by FF. Barlow and Leander, Dec. 24, 1629.
4. An Anchor or Stay for the Spirit, preserving it in Life, in
all cases of Spiritual Storms or Tempests of Temptations, Pears,
&c. In two Parts. To which is added, A Remedy against
Temptations, written in old English by Richard of Hampoll,
the Hermit, and made more intelligible by me, Augustine Baker.
1629.
5. An Enquiry about the Author of the Abridgment of the
Ladder of Perfection, made by an Italian Lady of Milan, but
published by Father Achilles Galliardi, a Jesuit. Dated Feb. i,
1629, s.n.
6. A Spiritual Alphabet for the Use of Beginners: with a
Memorial for the Instructor. Approved by Fr. Leander, May 27, 1629.
7. The Order of Teaching, or a briefe Calendar of a Spiritual
Instructour expressinge the points, whereon he is more at large
to proceede in discourse and practice with his Disciple.
This was approved by Fr. Leander, May 27, 1629 ; and again April 4, 1634.
The first time added to the preceding and succeeding works, forming one vol.
A MS. with the above title was recently in a bookseller's catalogue (J. M.
Stark, cat. 138, July, 1883), endorsed "Finis Septem. 6, anno 1637," sm.
8vo., pp. 207.
8. A Treatise on Distractions, &c. Approved by Fr. Leander,
May 27, 1629.
9. A Treatise of Confession. Approved by Fr. Rudesind Barlow,
Sept. 17, 1629.
10. Directions for Contemplation : written chiefly for the use
of the Nuns of the Holy Order of St. Bennet, at Cambray. In
four Parts. 4to. Approved Aug. 17, and Oct. 16, 1629.
11. A Book consisting of Five Treatises, whereof the First
is against such as are solicitous for the Honour of the House
or Order ; the Second, about the Electing of worthy and fit
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. I I 5
Counsellors within this House ; the Third, A Treatise about
Scandals ; the Fourth, About the book entitled " De Bono status
religiosi," or of the good that conies by a religious state ; and
the Fifth, That the cowl maketh not the Monk nor the Nun.
MS. Approved Oct. 30, 1629.
12. Collections out of Divers Authors. In three Parts.
Chiefly selections from Harphius and a work called " Secrets
Sentiers." MS. Approved Dec. 24, 1629.
13. A Spiritual Treatise divided into three Parts, called A. B. C.
MS. 8vo. Approved by FF. Rud. Barlow and Leander a S. Martino, n.d.
14. A Treatise of Doubts and Calls. In three Parts. MS. Svo.
Approved by Fr. Leander a S. Martino, May 12, 1630; and again April 4,
1634.
15. A Discourse concerning the Love of our Enemies. MS.
1 6. A Discourse teaching all Virtues in General. MS.
17. Certain Spiritual Emblems; or Short Sayings, with their
Expositions to some of them. MS.
1 8. Vox clamantis in Deserto Animse. Svo.
An exposition in English of the " Scala Perfectionis" of Walter Hilton, the
Carthusian, written soon after the "Treatise on Doubts and Calls," for the
English nuns at Cambray. An edition of this work, revised by Abraham
Woodhead, is entitled " The Scale (or Ladder) of Perfection. Written by
Walter Hilton," Lond. 1659, I2mo., which also includes another "Treatise
of the same author, written to a devout man of Secular estate, teaching him
how to lead a Spiritual life therein."
19. Dicta seu Sententise Sanctorum Patrum de Praxi Vitse
perfectse.
Selected examples out of " Vitas et Collationes Patrum/' and other
authors.
20. Of the Fall and Restitution of Man. n.d.
21. Sscretum sive Mysticum, or Certain Notes upon the Book
caUed the Cloud of Unknowing. MS.
In two Parts, of which the first is lost. It has been recently edited by
Fr. Collins, O.Cist. Derby, Richardson Son, sm. Svo. Entitled, "The
Divine Cloud of Knowing and Unknowing. Secretum sive Mysticum. Notes
on the Cloud by F. Baker."
22. A Secure Stay in all Temptations. In two Parts. Finished,
ist Part, this xix. day of Oct. 1629. Finished 2nd Part, May 25, 1630.
23. An Exposition of the Rule of our Most Holy Father St.
Bennet. In four Parts. Fol., pp. 527 ; "done in five months."
Ded. to Dame Catherine Gascoigne, dated Cambray, June 28, 1631.
24. A Treatise how to make a right use of Sickness. MS.
The only extant copy known to the late Abbot Sweeney (" Life of Fr.
Baker," p. 93) was in the possession of Mr. Dolman, the publisher. In it
was the following : " Note of the transcriber of this coppie. This booke
was written by the author at Cambrai, who, though he apprehended it might
be the last he should write (being then surprised with an infirmity, or sick
ness), yet he recovered, and lived to write many other bookes both at Cam
brai, and afterwards at Douaie."
I 2
Il6 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
25. The Mirrour of Patience and Resignation.
Written soon after his removal to St. Gregory's, Douay. He states that
he felt the change, especially in matters of refection, in the delicate state of
his health.
26. Life and Death of Dame Gertrude More, of the Holy
Order of S. Benet ; and English Congregation of our Ladle of
Comfort in Cambray. 2 vols., written soon after her death in 1633. The
first vol. has been lost. She was the great-granddaughter of Sir Thomas
More.
Fr. Collins, O.Cist., has recently published a Life of Dame Gertrude
More, drawn chiefly from Fr. Baker's memoir.
27. A. Treatise concerning the Apostolical Mission into Eng
land. In two Parts. Finished by the Authour, Jan. 15, 1636,
Stylo Romano. 410.
Dr. Sweeney says the work is partly historical, and gives some very in
teresting particulars concerning the restoration of the English Benedictines.
It is full of sound spiritual instruction.
28. An Introduction or Preparative to the Treatise on the
English Mission.
Written immediately after the preceding treatise.
29. A Treatise De Conversione Morum, dated Dec. 1637.
30. Flagellum Euchomachorum ; or, A Scourge for the Im-
pugners, Disprizers, and Neglecters of Prayer, i.e., of Mental
Prayer, there being no true Prayer so far as mentality is want
ing to it. 1638.
31. Instructions for the profitable use of Mental Prayer.
32. A Treatise concerning Reflection.
33. On the Seeking and Finding of God.
34. Rhythmi Spirituales, sive Canticorum, libri iii. 121110.,
3 vols. in Latin.
35. The Holy Practises of a Divine Lover, or the Sainctly
Ideots Devotions. I. The Summarie of Perfection. II. The
Directions for these Holy Exercises and Ideots Devotions.
III. A Catalogue of such Bookes as are fitt for Contemplative
Spirits. IV. The Holy Exercises. V. The Topp of the Hea-
venlie Ladder, or the Highest Steppe of Prayer and Perfection.
Paris, Lewis de la Fosse, 1657, i2mo., 2 plates. Ded. "To the V.R. Madame
Gascoigne, Abesse of the English Monasterie of our Ladies of Comfort at
Cambray."
This was the work of Dame Gertrude More, O.S.B., and was edited and
left prepared for the press by Fr. Baker. Another translation was made by
Sir Walter Kirkham Blount, Bart., and published in 1669.
36. Translations from Thaulerus. i vol.
37. Sermons by Thaulerus, Suso, and Rusbrochius.
38. An Account of his own Life.
39. An Apology for himself; or, A Solution of some Objections
made against his Writings.
40. Remains, or Supplements to several Treatises written by
himself.
41. Minor Treatises and Essays, collected by Fr. Baker into 8 vols.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. I I /
42. A. Watch-word.
Attributed by Gee, " Foot out of the Snare," 1624, to Fr. Baker.
43. Sancta Sophia ; or, Directions for the Prayer of Contem
plation, &c., extracted out of more then XL. Treatises written by
Fr. Aug. Baker. By S. Cressy. Douay, 1657, 8vo., 2 vols., with portrait
of Fr. Baker.
Fr. Cressy extracted this work from 3 fol. vols. of Fr. Baker's MSS., con
taining over 40 Spiritual Tracts.
It was republished by Abbot Sweeney, O.S.B., with photo-portrait.
Lond. 1876. Svo.
44. Life of Fr. David Augustine Baker. By the Rt. Rev. Abbot
Sweeney. Derby, 1871. Svo.
45. Portrait, Vera effigies reverendi patris Augustini Baker.
I2mo. Another sm. 8vo., whole length, "jet. 69, 1634," is referred to by
Bromley, " Cat. Engr. Brit. Portraits."
46. Many of the above works are in manuscript at Downside, Stanbrook,
&c., and in all probability others have not been catalogued.
Baker, Pacificus, O.S.F., was brought up a Protestant,
and after his conversion went over to Douay, and was there
professed in the Franciscan Convent. After his ordination he
was sent to the English mission, and seems to have been
attached to the Sardinian Chapel, London. He attended
Simon, Lord Lovat, at his execution, April 9, 1/47.
After discharging with credit the offices of procurator, mis
sionary, definitor, and of provincial of his Order twice, the
first time from 1761 to 1764, and the second shortly before
his death, he ended his days in London, March 16, 1774,
aged 80.
He was an eminent spiritualist, and had the reputation
of being a good preacher. Mr. Cole, a Protestant, thus
speaks of him : " He was my particular acquaintance, and
a very worthy, honest man. He had been long ailing,
being near fourscore. He lived in Wild Street, where he
had a very elegant chapel. He was author of many books
of devotion, most of which he sent me. Pray God rest his
soul, and be merciful to mine on the like necessary occasion.
Amen."
Without much originality, all his works are remarkable for
unction, solidity, and moderation ; but the style is too diffuse
and redundant of words.
Oliver, Collections ; Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS., Archiepisc.
Archives ; Cole, Collections, vol. xliii. p. 389, MS. Brit. Mns.
I I 8 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
1. Scripture Antiquity. A controversial work.
2. Devout and instructive Reflections on the Lord's Prayer,
\vith penitent Sentiments for having recited it ill, &c. Trans
lated from the French by J. Sharp (alias Blunt), D.D. Revised
and earnestly recommended to the perusal of all true Lovers of
Devotion by Mr. Ba r, P.M. Lond.
Dr. Sharp was a convert.
3. The Devout Christian's Companion for Holy-Days; or
Pious Reflections and Aspirations on the Gospels for the
Festivals of our Blessed Lord, and Saints Days of Obligation
throughout the Year, and on some Particular Days of Devo
tion and the Moveable Feasts. To which is prefixed a brief
account of the respective Festivals and Saints on those days
honoured by the Church. With a Preface, setting the Catholic
Church's Doctrine of honouring the Saints in a True Light,
and the same justified from Scripture and Antiquity. Lond.
1757, I2mo. ; title, i leaf; preface, iii-xx. ; pp.484; 1772, i2mo. ; I799>
4th Edit.
4. The Christian Advent ; or, Entertainments for that Holy
Season : In Moral Reflections and Pious Thoughts and Aspira
tions. On the Gospel for the four Sundays and of Wednesday and
Eriday in every Week of Advent. On the Great O's, or Solemn
Antiphons which are sung or said on the seven days before
Christmas-Eve, with Devout Entertainments for Christmas-Eve,
and on the Gospels for Christmas-Day. To which are added
Moral Reflections, &c., on the Gospels for the Sundays from
Christmas-Day to the first Sunday in Lent. Lond. 1759. i2mo.,
2nd Edit., pp. 264 ; 1772, I2mo. ; 1782, I2mo.
5. A Lenten Monitor to Christians in Pious Thoughts, Moral
Reflections, and Devout Aspirations on the Gospels for every
day in Lent, from Ash Wednesday to Easter Tuesday inclu
sively. Lond., James Maimaduke, 1755, i6mo. ; 1760, i6mo. ; 1769, 3rd
Edit., i6mo., pp. xxii-432 ; 1772, I2tno. ; 1792; 1827, i8mo. The Preface
is dated Little Wild Street, Nov. i, 1760.
6. Sundays kept Holy in Moral Reflections, Pious Thoughts,
and Devout Aspirations on the Gospels for the Sundays from
Easter to Advent. Lond. 1760, i2mo. ; 1772; 1792. "To which is
added a Discourse on the Grain of Mustard Seed, Matt. xiii. 31, delivered in
the year 1753, not before in Mr. Baker's works."
7. The Devout Communicant; or, Spiritual Entertainments
before and after Communion in Pious Meditations, Aspirations,
Scc., for Three Days before and Three Days after Receiving the
Blessed Sacrament. To which is added a Devout Method of
Visiting the Blessed Sacrament in fervent Prayers and Acts of
Devotion, to be said before the Holy Sacrament. As also some
Pious Hymns in Honour of this Sacred Mystery. Lond. 2nd Edit.,
1765, i6mo., pp. 213; Lond. 1798, 6th Edit.; Manchester, 1823; Lond.
1826; 1827, iSmo. ; Liverpool, 1828. The author states in the preface that
the Meditations were written at the request of the late Catharine, Dowager
Lady Stourton.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 119
8. The Holy Altar and Sacrifice explained in some familiar
dialogues on the Mass, and what may appertain to it for the
more easy information of those who desire to hear Mass well,
and to assist at that great Sacrifice according to the spirit and
intention of the Church ; with an Appendix concerning saying
Mass in Latin, and of pronouncing the Secret Prayers, and the
Canon, with a low voice. Lond. 1768, i2mo., title, i leaf, preface,
i leaf, pp. 167.
The editor states in the preface that it is chiefly a short abridgment of
"A Liturgical Discourse on the Mass" by Fr. Angelus Mason, O.S.F., pub
lished in 1670, of which the author made an abridgment in 1675. It is
written in dialogue.
9. Manual of the Archconfraternity of the Cord of S. Francis
(partly from the Essay on the Cord of S. Francis, by Fr. P.
Baker). Lond. 1878. 8vo.
10. Portrait, oval, engr. by W. Roll, with memoir, " Laity's Directory,''
1836. 8vo.
Baldwin, William, priest, was educated and ordained
priest at the English College, Rheims, and was sent upon the
mission in 1585. He was seized and thrown into Derby Gaol,
where he died in 1588.
Foley, Records S.J., vol. iii. ; Douay Diaries.
Bales, or Bayles, Christopher, priest, martyr, was
born about 1564, in the parish of Cunsley, Durham, and was
sent to the English College, Rome, where he was admitted
Oct. i, 1583, at the age of 19. On account of ill-health he
was sent in the following September to the College at Rheims,
and there he was ordained priest March 28, 1587. On Nov. 2,
1588, he was sent to the mission in England, and soon after
fell into the hands of the pursuivants, and besides the miseries
usually attending imprisonment, was racked, hung up in the
air for twenty-four hours together, and suffered other abominable
cruelties, all of which he bore with wonderful courage and
patience, although his constitution was weak and he was
inclined to consumption. At length he was arraigned, tried,
and condemned, under the statute of 27 Eliz., for being
ordained priest beyond the seas, and coming to England in the
exercise of his priestly office. He was drawn on a hurdle to
Fleet Street, to a pair of gallows erected over against Fetter
Lane, and here he was hanged, disembowelled, and quartered,
March 4, I 590. On the same day Nicholas Homer was executed
in Smithfield, and Alexander Blake in Gray's Inn Lane before
I2O BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
his own house, for receiving and relieving priests contrary to
statute.
Challotter, Memoirs ; Douay Diaries ; Foley, Records S.J.,
Roman Diary ; Morris, Troubles, Series III. p. 39.
Ballard, John, priest, was ordained at Douay College in
1581, and was sent to the English mission in that year.
His character from the first is very doubtful, and he soon
received pay as a spy in the service of the Queen's Council,
became an emissary of Morgan, and was sent to England
under the assumed name of Captain Fortescue. He was one
of the chief characters in Babington's conspiracy, was con
demned to die for misprision of treason, and was executed at
London, Sept. 20, 1586.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Lingard, Hist, of Eng.
i. The Censure of a loyall Subject : upon certaine noted
Speach and Behaviours of those fourteen Traitors (Ant. Babing-
ton, J. Ballard, and others) at their Executions, &c. (1587). 410.
Bamber, Edward, priest, martyr, who assumed the name
of Reading, was the son of Mr. Richard Bamber, and was born
at The Moor, the ancient mansion-house of the family, in the
parish of Poulton-le-Fylde, Lancashire. One of his ancestors
married a daughter and co-heiress of the Masseys, of Whinney-
heys and Carlton, and the family was also connected with the
Singletons of Stayning and the Gerards of Ince. After study
ing in a grammar-school in Lancashire, Mr. Bamber was sent
to the English College, Valladolid, in Spain, where he studied
philosophy and divinity, and was ordained priest. He then
returned to the English mission, and upon his landing at Dover,
threw himself upon his knees to give thanks to God for his safe
passage, which being observed by the governor of Dover Castle,
he suspected him to be a priest, and caused him to be appre
hended. Mr. Bamber did not deny his character, but pleaded
he had not been upon English soil the space of time mentioned
in the statute ; and upon this plea he was put on board ship,
and sent into banishment.
Some time after his second return to England, he was again
apprehended in the neighbourhood of Standish, in Lancashire,
where he was probably serving the chapel in the Hall belonging
to the Standish family, and he was committed to Lancaster
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 121
Castle. On the journey, however, being lodged some little
distance beyond Preston, he found means in the dead of the
night (his keepers being drunk) to effect his escape out of a
window, in his shirt, an adventure which has also been attri
buted to Mr. Whitaker, who eventually suffered with him at
Lancaster. On this occasion he was met by Mr. Singleton,
the master of Broughton Tower, who had been admonished in
a dream that he should find him in a certain field. He had risen
fully possessed with the truth of the vision, and sure enough
met Mr. Bamber in that very field, and conducted him to his
mansion, where he secreted him, and provided him with every
want.
However, he ultimately fell a third time into the hands of the
pursuivants, and was committed to the county gaol at Lancaster.
It is true he found an opportunity here also to make his escape,
but to little purpose ; for having wandered all the night, to his
great surprise he found himself in the morning close to the
town, so that he concluded it was the will of God that he should
suffer there, and accordingly he surrendered himself to those
sent in search of him, for as soon as he was missed a hue-and-
cry had been raised in order to retake him. He remained a
prisoner in Lancaster Castle for three whole years, in close con
finement, before he was brought to the bar.
This was probably owing to the Civil War interfering with
the usual circuit ; but the judges now coming to Lancaster, Mr.
Bamber, with two other priests, Mr. Woodcock and Mr. Whi
taker, were put upon their trial. Two fallen Catholics, Maiden
and Osbaldeston, appeared against him as witnesses to having
seen him administer baptism and perform the ceremonies of
marriage ; and upon these slender proofs of his priesthood, the
jury, by the judge's direction, found him guilty of the indict
ment that he was a priest, and thereupon he was sentenced in the
usual form to be hanged, cut down alive, disembowelled, &c.,
as in cases of high treason, all which Mr. Bamber heard with a
composed countenance, and without manifesting the least sign
of trouble or concern. On the 7th of August, 1646, he, with
his two fellow-priests and confessors, were drawn on hurdles
to the place of execution. The encouragement he gave
to his companions caused the sheriff and the Protestant
ministers to urge the executioner to butcher the courageous
martyr in a more than usually cruel and savage manner,
122 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
all of which he underwent with the greatest constancy and
patience.
An ode or sonnet, composed on his death and that of his
companions, thus refers to him :
Few words he spoke they stopp'd his mouth,
And chok'd him with a cord ;
And lest he should be dead too soon,
No mercy they afford.
But quick and live they cut him down,
And butcher him full soon ;
Behead, tear, and dismember straight,
And laugh when all was done.
The Bambers continued to reside at The Moor, or Moor
House, as it was often called, until the death of Thomas Bamber,
gent., who married Catherine, daughter of John Trafford, Esq.,
of Croston Hall, but died without issue, the estate passing to
his nephew, Thomas Brownbill, of Liverpool, in the first half
of last century.
Challoner, Memoirs ; Gillow, Lancashire Recusants, MS.
Bandersby, William, priest, an old man, was taken at
Mrs. Frances Watson's house, in Yorkshire, by Sir Richard
Malivera and Mr. Slingsby, and being brought before the
Council of the North, was committed to York Castle. He was
a man of sound and grave judgment, well read, a Master of
Arts, devout and zealous in the Catholic faith, and much given
to prayer and contemplation in his wanderings up and down
the country.
Falling sick, he gave all he had to his fellow Catholic
prisoners, and died in York Castle, April 21, 1587, and was
buried behind the wall.
He was a Marian priest.
Foley, Records S.J., vol. iii.
Banister, John, alias Taverner, priest and schoolmaster,
was descended from the ancient Lancashire family of that
name. Towards the close of the seventeenth century he was
entrusted with the charge of the renowned school of Twyford,
near Winchester, in Hampshire, probably in succession to the
Rev. William Bernard, alias Husband. It was here that
Alexander Pope received the rudiments of his education.
Mr. Banister began to teach Pope in 1696, when he was only
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 123
eight years of age, and he remained over a year under this
learned tutor. It is said that the poet subsequently left Twyford
in consequence of writing a lampoon on his master, and was
transferred to a school close by Hyde Park Corner, kept by
another priest, where he nearly lost all that he had gained under
Mr. Banister. In the biographical notices of Pope, Mr. Banister's
school and Twyford have been made two distinct establishments,
but it is more probable that it was merely a change in masters.
Whittle, Hist, of Preston ; Gillozv, Cath. Schools in England.
Banister, Robert, priest, was the second son of Robert
Banister, of Hesketh Bank, Lancashire, and his wife, Mary Bell,
and was born Oct. 21, 1725. The family was descended from
that of Banastre, Banister, or Bannister, as the name was
variously spelt, of Bank Hall, in Bretherton, the principal holder
of the soil in Tarleton, the adjoining parish to Hesketh-cum-
Becconsall, in which Hesketh Bank is situated. The Banisters
were stout recusants, and suffered much for their faith. Mr.
Banister's father was a Catholic Nonjuror and recusant convict
in 1717, and several members of the family were priests.
After receiving the rudiments of his education at the cele
brated Dame Alice's school at Lady Well, Fernyhalgh, near
Preston, Robert Banister was sent to Douay College, where he
arrived Oct. 15, 1741. He passed through the schools with
great eclat, and was ordained priest in 1750. The President,
Dr. Green, who was an excellent judge of merit, appears to
have been fully sensible of the treasure he possessed in Mr.
Banister, for he at once engaged him to teach rhetoric and
philosophy, and afterwards appointed him Professor of Divinity,
a position which he admirably discharged for twelve years
successively.
Mr. Banister was also Prefect of Studies from 1754 till Aug.
1761, and again in 1768.
He left Douay Aug. 15, 1769, and after supplying for a
short time as chaplain to Mr. Dicconson at Wrightington Hall,
he was removed to Lady Well, Fernyhalgh, where he remained
about three years.
In 1773 he was invited back to Douay to teach divinity,
but returned to England in the following year, and was placed
at Mowbreck Hall, near Kirkham, in Lancashire, the seat of the
Westby family.
124 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Here he remained for twenty-nine years, not only performing
all the duties of a zealous pastor of a rather numerous congre
gation with great exactness and assiduity, but also preparing a
number of boys for their academical education.
Bishop Matthew Gibson entertained a high opinion of Mr.
Banister's learning and virtue, and consulted him on the most
important and difficult questions.
In the disputes between the Catholic Committee and the
Bishops respecting the oath of allegiance, Mr. Banister took a
decided part with the latter, and accompanied Bishop Matthew
Gibson to London on one occasion. The Bishop wished Mr.
Banister to succeed him in the northern vicariate, and recom
mended him to the Propaganda, but his brother, William
Gibson, was chosen, who always professed the same regard for
Mr. Banister, and, in the year 1803, offered him Dodding Green,
in Westmoreland, the best place in the diocese, and most suit
able for his declining years.
He himself had evidently entertained no idea of leaving
Kirkham, for an entry in his diary states that he had obtained
the permission of his friend Richard Gillow to be buried in his
family grave in the parish churchyard. Dr. Gibson, however,
persuaded him to leave Mowbreck Hall and remove to Dodding
Green, where he remained until his death, May 1 7, 1 8 1 2, in the
8 /th year of his age.
Several of the refugee students from Douay joined him at
Mowbreck after the Revolution of 1793.
He was a member of the Chapter, and in the year 1770 was
appointed Archdeacon of Norfolk and Suffolk, and controversial
writer in 1778.
As a classical scholar he had an excellent reputation, and,
in the judgment of the venerable Aiban Butler, the author of
the " Lives of the Saints," possessed the Ciceronian style in a
degree equal, if not superior, to any of his age. His letters,
which are numerous, would be found highly instructive and
interesting if published.
No man was more capable of writing on theological and
controversial subjects, but the cares of his mission, and the
attention he devoted to his scholars, deterred him from engaging
more in literary pursuits.
He was uncle to the Rev. Henry Rutter, and great-uncle to
Alexander Goss, second Bishop of Liverpool.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 125
Cath. Mag., vol. ii. p. 476 ; Hinde, Reminiscences of the
Willow's Mission, Kirkhani ; Gilloi(.\ Lancashire Recusants, MS.;
Rev. Henry Rutter, Biography, MS.
1. Instructions concerning an Annual Spiritual Exercise, &c.
Douay, 1759.
This was written for the benefit of the students at Douay, and shows
that he was no less versed in the science of the Saints than in classical
learning.
2. His pen was probably engaged, directly or indirectly, in the contro
versy concerning the oath of allegiance.
3. His Diary was in the possession of the late Dr. Goss.
Bannister, Godfrey, a preacher, whom Lord Burleigh sent
on a religious mission to the prisoners of the Tower. He
subsequently became a Catholic himself; was imprisoned in
the Tower ; racked three times ; and escaped to Flanders,
where he practised as a physician, and lived many years, the
idol of the Irish refugees.
H. S. Burke, Hist. Portr. TiLdor Dyn., vol. iv. p. 121.
i. Memoirs of Godfrey Bannister, once a Protestant Preacher,
then a Papist of the Right Class. By his son, Angelo Bannister.
Printed in French at Antwerp, in 1596.
Banton, James, a gentleman volunteer, in the service of
the Crown, who lost his life at Cover, in Gloucestershire.
Castlemain, Cath. Apology.
Barbant, Charles, musical composer, was organist at the
chapel attached to the Bavarian Embassy at London, in 1764.
Bibliog. Universelle des Musiciens.
1. Grand Orchestral Symphonies ; 5 works.
2. Trios for the Violin ; i vol.
3. Trios for the Clarionet.
4. Duets for the Flute.
5. Two Sonatas for the Clarionet.
6. Sacred Hymns, Antiphons, &c., in parts. MSS.
Barber, Henry, bookseller, &c., in Holborn, was once
imprisoned for publishing or selling Catholic books, and was
living about 1624.
Gee, Foot out of the Snare.
Barber, John Vincent, landscape painter, was son of
Joseph Barber who taught drawing in Birmingham and died
there in I 8 1 1 .
126 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
He exhibited at the Academy between 1812 and 1830,
dying at Rome a few years later.
The portrait of Dr. Milner, at Oscott College, was painted
by him, and was engraved in 1817 by William Radclyffe,
of Birmingham.
Redgrave, Diet, of Artists ; Husenbeth, Life of Milner.
Barclay, John, Esq., son of William Barclay, of Aber-
deenshire, the eminent lawyer and writer, was born at Pont-a-
Mousson, Jan. 28, 1582. He was educated at the college of
the Jesuits in his native place, and made such progress in his
studies that at the age of nineteen he is said to have published
notes on the Thebais of Statius.
He says in the Preface to the " Apology for Euphormion,"
" I had no sooner left school than the juvenile desire of fame
incited me to attack the whole world, rather with a view of
promoting my reputation than of dishonouring individuals."
In 1605, soon after James I. had obtained the crown, Mr.
Barclay came over to England, and was kindly received by his
Majesty, as well for his own as his father's account. Upon the
death of his father, in 1606, he went to Paris, where he married
Louisa Debonnaire. Returning to London he resided, with
his wife and family, for about ten years in this country, in the
enjoyment of a post which the king had bestowed upon him ;
but at last, either too much complaisance to his Protestant
friends, or the zeal he had shown against the temporal power
of the Pope, in publishing and maintaining his father's writings,
caused him to fall under the suspicion that he was in danger
of going over to the Church of England. This report, being
spread abroad, gave him great uneasiness, and he resolved to
quit the kingdom. Accordingly, he repaired to Rome with
his whole family, in the year 1616, where he made his per
sonal appearance before his Holiness, and submitted himself,
both in regard of his own and of his father's writings. Further,
to convince the world of his steadfast adherence to the Catholic
faith, he published a book against the sectaries of the age, and
thereby removed all suspicion. His works have been universally
approved, especially his " Argenis," which has been translated
into several languages, and was always read with pleasure by
the great Cardinal Richelieu.
His latter years were spent amidst his books and flowers,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. ,J2/
displaying more wisdom in the Bibliomania than in the Tulip-
mania, of which last disease he is supposed to have been one
of the first victims. In his " Euphormion " he had pronounced
the plant " Golden Rod " to be a specific for the stone ; yet of
this painful complaint he died, at Rome, Aug. 12, 1621, in the
39th year of his age.
Dodd, Ck. Hist. ; Allibone, Crit. Did.
1. Comment, on the Thebais of Statins, 1601.
2. A Latin Poem on the Coronation of King James I.
3. Euphormio Lusinini sive Satyricon.
The first part was published in 1604, the second part at Paris, and again
in four parts, Leydae, 1623, i2mo. ; Rothomagi, 1628, 8vo. ; and the fifth part,
Amstelodami, 1627, I2mo. A complete edition of the five parts together
Amsterdam, 1629, 121110.; Oxoniae, 1634, I2mo ; many times reprinted.
This satire made so many enemies, that in 1610 he published his Apology
for Euphormion.
4. History of the Powder Plot. Oxon., 1634, i2mo. This was pub
lished at the end of his Satyricon.
5. Pietas ; sive Publicse pro Regibus et Principibus, et
Privatse pro Gulielmo Barclaio, Perente, Vindicise contra Bel-
larm. Paris, 1612; Francof., 1613.
He had published his father's posthumous work " De Regno et regali
Potestate adversus Buchanarum, Brutum, Boucherium et reliquos Monarcho-
niachos, Libri Sex," at Paris in 1600,410., and in 1609 it was reprinted at
Francford, under the title " De Potestate Papae, quatenus in Reges et
Principes saeculares jus et imperium habeat." Immediately after this it was
translated into English, and its publication at this time caused many
Catholics to stagger on the question of the oath of allegiance. It bears the
title " Of the Authorise of the Pope : whether, and how farre forth he hath
power and authoritie over Temporall Kings and Princes. Liber Posthumus."
Lond., Arnold Hatfield, 1611, 4to. Bed. by W. Barclay to Clement VIII.,
pp. 229. It was reprinted and added to the work of Rich. Sheldon, priest,
prisoner in the Clinke, entitled " Certain General Reasons Proving the Law
fulness of the Oath of Allegiance," Lond. 1611. 410.
It denied the authority of the Pope over sovereigns in temporals, and
held that they who allow him any such power, whatever they may intend,
do very great prejudice to religion. This work was attacked by Cardinal
Bellarmin, to whom J. Barclay responded as above. He afterwards repented
that he had written this work, as it displeased many of his own faith, and
gratified those who were opposed to it.
6. Icon Anim arum ; lib. 4. Lond. 1614. 8vo.
" Icon Animarum ; the Mirror of Mindes, translated by T. May." Lond.
1631, I2mo. ; 1633, sm. 8vo.
This is a masterly delineation of the genius and customs of the European
nations, in the beginning of the seventeenth century, with moral and philo
sophical remarks on the peculiarities of mankind. In style it has been
compared to Goldsmith's " Traveller.''
128 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
7. Argenis, or the Loves, of Poliarchus and Argenis. Paris,
1621 ; 2nd Edit., Paris, 1622. Translated into English by Kingsmill Long,
gent., Lond. 1625, 410. A second edition of the latter, "beautified with
pictures, together with a key praefixed to unlock the whole story," appeared,
Lond. 1636, 410., and included a portrait of Barclay.
The Argenis was also translated by Sir Robert Le Grys, Knight, the
verses by Thomas May, Esq. (the continuator of Lucan). Lond. 1628. 4to.,
and again 1629. This version is said to have been undertaken at the
request of Charles I.
"The Phcenix, or the History of Polyarchus and Argenis. Translated
from the Latin," by Clara Reeve. Lond. 1772. I2mo., 4 vols.
There are three French translations of the Argenis, 1624, 1732, and 1736.
It is a political allegory, pronounced by the poet Cowper the most amus
ing romance ever written.
The characters of the Argenis are intended to represent various dis
tinguished personages in history and real life, Poliarchus is meant for
Henry of Navarre ; Aquilius is the Emperor of Germany ; Calvin is
Usinulca ; Radirobanes is the King of Spain, and Hyanisbe is thought to
resemble, in some traits, Elizabeth of England.
Richelieu was very fond of perusing this work, and it is thought from
thence he drew many of his political maxims.
Coleridge prefers its style to that of Livy or Tacitus, but Hallam
declines to go this length.
8. Poematum, Libri duo. Impensis J. Billij. Londini, 1615. 4to. ;
again Oxon, 1636, I2mo.
9. Apologia pro se ; lib. 3, 1610, which he published as an apology
for his Euphormion.
10. Veritatis Lacrymse.
11. Pareenensis ad Sectaries. Colon. 1617, 8vo. ; written in repa
ration for the publication and defence of his father's work, " De Potestate
Papae."
12. History of the Conquest of Jerusalem. MS.
13. J. Barclaii Sylvae, excudebat R. B. Londini, 1606. 4to.
14. In obitum J. Barclaii elegia. By R. Th. [1621], 410.
Bard, Henry, Baron Bromley and Viscount Bellamont,
was the son of George Bard, vicar of Staines, in Middle
sex. He was educated at Eton, and afterwards at King's
College, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship. After
he left the university he spent some years in travelling through
Europe, and also in Turkey, Palestine, Arabia, and Egypt. On
his return to England his abilities and experiences, and
especially his knowledge of languages, introduced him into
the best society, and appearing at Court, he warmly espoused
the Royal cause in the Civil War which broke out shortly
afterwards.
He was one of the first to take up arms at York. The Queen,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. I2Q
a good discriminator of merit, being aware of his extraordinary
qualifications, procured him a colonel's commission, and sub
sequently he was made Governor of Camden House, in
Gloucestershire, which he evacuated and burnt when it was no
longer tenable. He was also for some time Governor of
Worcester. On Nov. 22, 1643, he received the honour of
knighthood, and soon after was created a baronet, Baron of
Bromley, and Viscount Bellamont, in the kingdom of Ireland,
the latter honour being conferred upon him July 8, 1645. He
was afterwards taken prisoner by the Parliamentarians, but
obtained his release on condition of quitting the country.
After the execution of the king, he was sent by Charles II.,
then in exile, on an embassy to the Shah of Persia, in the hope
of obtaining money to enable him to recover the throne, the
Shah being under some obligation to England for the assistance
our merchant ships had given him at Ormuz.
But the embassy failed, and Lord Bellamont lost his life
in a hurricane of sand, in his journey through the deserts of
Arabia.
He had been several years a member of the Church, and
left behind him two daughters, by one of whom, Frances,
Prince Rupert had a natural son, Dudley Rupert, who served
as a volunteer at the siege of Buda, and there lost his life
in the reign of James II. After the Restoration, Lord
Bellamont's widow was reduced to apply for relief to King's
College, Cambridge, where her husband had formerly possessed
a fellowship.
Thus fortune raises noble works, which she as suddenly levels
and reduces to a heap of rubbish as a monument of the world's
ingratitude.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
I. An account of his travels in Europe, and an excursion through Turkey,
Palestine, Arabia, and ./Egypt, sent to his friend and cotemporary at the
University, Dr. Charles Mason.
Barker, W. G. M. Jones, Esq.
i. The Three Days of Wensleydale ; The Valley of the Yore.
By W. G. M. Jones Barker, Esq. Lond. 1854. 8vo., pp. 296. Illus
trated.
Barkworth, Mark, priest, martyr, who used the alias of
Lambert, was born in Lincolnshire. He was brought up a
VOL. I. K
I3O BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Protestant, but going abroad, when twenty-two years of age,
he was converted to the Catholic faith at Douay, in Flanders,
by a Flemish Jesuit. He studied at the English College, then
at Rheims, for two years, and matriculated at the University
of Douay in 1594, after which he proceeded to the English
College at Valladolid, where he finished his studies, and was
ordained priest.
Soon after his return to England he fell into the hands of
the persecutors, and after repeated examinations he was put
upon his trial at the Old Bailey, charged with being a priest.
After some examination by the Lord Chief Justice, in which
Mr. Barkworth declined to admit that he was a priest, though
he would not deny it, his Lordship withdrew, and the Recorder,
without further ceremony, neither taking the depositions of
witnesses, having the confession of the accused, nor waiting for
the verdict of the jury, pronounced sentence upon the prisoner,
as in cases of high treason. He was sent back to Newgate,
and, on Feb. 27, 1601, was hanged, drawn, and quartered at
Tyburn.
The Benedictines claim him as a member of their Order, but
are unable to produce any record of his profession.
CJialloner, Memoirs ; Douay Diaries ; Snow, Bened.
Necrology.
Barlow, Alexander, Esq., Confessor of the Faith, of
Barlow Hall, in the parish of Chorlton-cum-Hardy, five miles
S.S.W. of Manchester, was the son of Ellis Barlow, Esq., and
succeeded his father to the family estates. His mother, Anne,
was the daughter of Otys Redish, of Redish, co. Lancaster, Esq.,
and he himself took to wife Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of
George Leigh, Esq., of Manchester, younger brother of Thomas
Leigh, of High Leigh, co. Chester. Mr. Barlow was well con
nected with families of standing, for his sister Margaret married
Edward, Earl of Derby, and he was also allied with the
Prestwiches of Hulme Hall, the Duttons, Masseys, and others.
He occupied many positions of trust, for he had acquired a
high reputation in the county, and sat in at least six Par
liaments, as one of the members for Wigan, between 1547
and 1555. His devotion to the old faith explains his absence
from the early Parliaments of Elizabeth.
It is related that when the change took place, on the accession
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
of Elizabeth, Laurence Vaux, the Warden of the College at
Manchester, with the connivance of the members of the Chapter,
obtained possession of the fine plate of the College, and of the
leases and other charters relating to the College lands. Pending
another change in religion, which he, and the Fellows of the
College who retained the old faith, at that time anticipated,
the leases and charters were entrusted to the keeping of Mr.
Barlow, and the plate to Edward Standish, of Standish, Esq.
The confidence thus placed in their constancy to the faith was
not misplaced, though the anticipated change was never realized.
Vaux, who at an early date became an object of the Council's
tyrannical treatment, was restricted in 1561 to the county
of Worcester, for refusing to conform to the new religion.
Subsequently he resided clandestinely in Lancashire, and spent
most of his latter years with his intimate friends Barlow and
Standish.
In the window of the drawing-room at Barlow Hall,
traditionally said to have been part of the domestic chapel, are
the initials " A. B.," and the date 1574. There is also the
motto, Frist en foyt, perhaps chosen by Mr. Barlow to indicate
his constancy to the faith of his ancestors. Two years later
the troubles of the times seem to have been gradually closing
around him ; and for prudential reasons, Mr. Barlow, in 1576,
conveyed his estates in trust to his son-in-law, Edward Scaris-
brick, of Scarisbrick, Esq., and five other feoffees. His days
were now hurried to a close by the rigour of the laws against
Catholics. His mansion was searched, and he was im
prisoned in the gaol at Salford. Here he is found with many
other Lancashire gentlemen, ladies, priests and others, at the
end of January, 1584. Just before his death, it is said that
he was removed on parole to the house of a Protestant gentle
man in the neighbourhood of the town ; but, on the other hand,
a curious inscription on the portrait of his son and namesake,
Sir Alexander Barlow, Knt., painted on the original picture in
letters of gold, states that he " died in pryson for the Catholyck
relygion."
His death occurred in August, 1584, and he was buried at
Didsbury on the 26th of that month.
Palatine Note-Book, vol. iv. p. 205 ; Dom. Eliz.,vo\. clxvii.,
No. 41, P.R.O. ; Visitations of Lane., 1567 and 1664-5.
K 2
132 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
i. Reuerendissimo in Christo patri ac Domino Cutburto dei
gratia Cestrensis Episcopo, Ego suus filius humilis, ac deuotus
Alexander Barlow de Barlow in Com' Lane' obediencia' rever-
entia' et honorem toto pr'i debito, &c. Dat' in domo manerii
mei de Barlo quinto die mensis Febr' 1557. Per me Alex'
Barlow.
The title of this letter to Cuthbert Scott, the last Catholic Bishop of
Chester, is recorded by the Chester antiquary, the second Randle Holmes,
deputy to the Officers of Arms, who, pursuing his heraldic and genealogical
inquiries in 1653, was permitted by the head of the house of Barlow to
peruse the ancient evidences of the family. His notes are preserved Harl.
MS. 21 12 (fol. 172 seq.}, Brit. Mus.
Barlow, Sir Alexander, Knt., was the eldest son and
heir of Alexander Barlow, of Barlow, Esq., and Elizabeth his
wife, daughter and heiress of George Leigh, of High Leigh and
Manchester, Esq. He was perhaps the most notable repre
sentative of the family honours, and is remembered in the
records of Douay as " that constant confessor of Christ."
Born about I 5 58, he was taken to Middleton Church, Sept. 22,
1562, and there espoused to Elizabeth, one of the daughters
and co-heiresses of Ralph Bellfield, of Clegg Hall, near Roch
dale. This practice of contracting marriages between mere
children was frequently exercised in early times, especially in the
case of heiresses ; and the result was rarely a happy union.
In I 5 74 the young man testified that he had never ratified
the alleged marriage, for being so young he did not remember
that he was ever married to the girl, or that he spoke the
words of matrimony to her. The marriage was accordingly
dissolved, and he afterwards took to wife Mary, daughter
of Sir Urian Brereton, of Handforth, co. Chester, Knt, by
whom he had an heir, Alexander, and a large family, of
whom Fr. Ambrose Barlow, O.S.B., the martyr, Fr. Rudesind
Barlow, O.S.B., and Fr. Theodore Barlow, O.S.B., were notable
members.
In 1587 he was one of twenty-five gentlemen required to
find a demi-lance towards the Lancashire muster, and his name
frequently figures in the history of the county. Dr. Dee
records in his diary that in I 597 he lent to Mr. Barlow a Spanish
grammar for the use of his son. Denied admission to the
English universities, this son, most likely Edward, who after
wards took the name of Ambrose in religion, was then pre
paring to complete his education on the Continent, and for
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 133
some time he studied at the English College at Valladolid
in Spain.
Amidst the profusion of honours scattered by James I. in
1603, Mr. Barlow and his son Alexander were knighted at
Whitehall at the coronation festivities.
This, however, did not shield them from the persecuting
spirit of the times. Both he and his wife, with their children,
appear in the Recusant Rolls, and suffered the fines of 20
and ,10 per month for nonconformity to the Established
Church, with the other penalties and exactions imposed on
Catholics by the cruel Acts of Elizabeth. Even the year
following his new dignity, the conscientious knight came within
the iniquitous Act, 3 James I., by which the king was
empowered to refuse the 20 per month imposed for non-
attendance at church by the Act of 29 Eliz. c. I, and to take
two-thirds of the recusant's estates, a choice softened by the
proviso that the mansion-house should be left to the offender
as a part of his remaining lands. But these laws became more
intolerable by grants, to favourites of the king, of what was
called the benefit of the estates of recusants. On Jan. 19,
1609, the Barlow property came under the operation of one of
these scandalous grants, when Sir Alexander's estates were
committed to the mercies of two persons named Will. Markey
and Thos. Webber.
Sir Alexander died April 20, 1620, and was buried by torch
light at the Collegiate Church of Manchester, so that he did
not die abroad, as is said.
By his will, dated April 14, 1617, in which he termed
himself " a true and perfect recusant Catholic," he directed that
his body be buried near his father in Didsbury Church without
pomp. The reason why his instructions were not respected is
not recorded. He bequeathed to his wife " my owne picture
to keepe during her lyffe," with an injunction that it shall after
wards remain as an heirloom at Barlow.
After the death of Thomas Barlow, Esq., in March, 17/3,
the last representative of this ancient family, Sir Alexander's
portrait suffered the fate of the rest of the contents of the
venerable mansion, an early erection in the post-and-pan style.
All was dispersed, and subsequently an Act of Parliament was
procured for the sale of the Barlow Hall estate, which was sold
by public auction on Aug. 2, 1785, to the Egertons of Tatton.
134 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
About the end of the century Dr. James Barlow, of Black
burn, who claimed to be the descendant of a junior branch of
the family, met with the painting at an old picture dealer's in
Manchester, in whose descendants it has since remained.
Palatine Note-Book, vol. iv., Dec. 1884; Recusant Rolls,
P.R.O. ; Visitations of Lancashire, by Flower and Dugdale.
1. Portrait, half-length, holding a Primer or Manual in his left hand
with the other uplifted, the words " Tute si me et te " apparently proceeding
from his lips, and " Ecce " from the glory in the corner, with the supplica
tion, " Jesu Fili Dei miserere mei, Sancta Maria Mater Dei, ora pro me," at
the top of the picture. On the left-hand side is a curious inscription, the
lines in red and the lettering in gold. It states that Sir Alexander was then
60 years of age, about 1616 therefore, and that he was son to Alex. Barlow,
Esq., who died in prison for the Catholic religion. The names of his eight
sons and six daughters, with some additional particulars, are also recorded,
and after the names of William and Edward is the letter A, or some private
mark, probably intended to denote their religious profession. The former
was then the prior of the Benedictines at Douay, and the latter had just
joined the Order, and was subsequently martyred at Lancaster. Mr. George
Barlow, of Oldham, had this portrait engraved on copper for private dis
tribution, which is described by Booker in the " Hist, of Chorlton," pp. 265-6.
2. Portrait, drawn from the original painting by Walter Tomlinson,
engr. by R. Langton, " Palatine Note-book," Dec. 1884. sm. 410.
Barlow, Edward Ambrose, O.S.B., martyr, alias
Brereton, was the fourth son of Sir Alexander Barlow, Knt,
of the ancient and knightly family of Barlow Hall, near Man
chester, where he was born, and was baptized at Didsbury,
Nov. 30, 1585. He was educated at St. Gregory's, Douay,
and afterwards was admitted into the English College, Valla-
dolid, Sept. 20, 1610 ; but before he had finished his divinity he
returned to Douay, and, following the example of his brother,
Dr. Will. Rudesind Barlow, was professed at the Benedictine
College there in 1 6 1 6, and was ordained priest in the following
year. Sent to England, the seat of his missionary labours was
chiefly in the southern part of his native county of Lancaster.
His mode of life is said to have been exceedingly primitive and
apostolic, and his zeal in his sacred office was so great that he
showed the utmost disregard for his personal safety in the
dangerous times in which he lived. He was several times a
prisoner before his last apprehension, which was on Easter
Sunday, April 25, 1641, in the mansion of the Tyldesleys, at
Morleys, where, having finished Mass, he was preaching to his
flock, about i oo in number, on the subject of patience. The cir-
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 135
cumstances of his arrest, by the vicar of Eccles, John Jones, D.D.,
marching in his surplice at the head of his parishioners,
about 400 in number, armed with clubs and swords, is graphi
cally related by Fr. Barlow himself. He was dragged before a
Justice of the Peace, Mr. Risley, who sent him, guarded by
sixty armed men, to Lancaster Castle.
After above four months' imprisonment, he was tried at
Lancaster, on the 7th Sept., before Sir Robert Heath, who
is said to have had instructions from the Government, if any
priest were convicted at Lancaster, to see the law executed
upon him as a terror to Catholics, who were very numerous in
that county.
The indictment being read, Fr. Barlow freely acknowledged
himself to be a priest, and that he had exercised his priestly
office for over twenty years in the kingdom.
He was sentenced on the following day ; and on Friday,
Sept. 10, 1641, he was drawn on a hurdle to the place of
execution, at Lancaster, and there hanged and quartered.
His life is written at considerable length by Challoner, who
drew his materials from two MS. relations in the possession of
the English Benedictine College, at Douay, one of them being
written by the martyr's brother, Fr. Rudesind Barlow, O.S.B.
Dodd also relates some particulars which he received from
the Rev. Edw. Barlow, alias Booth, who was godson to the
martyr ; and his biography has been written by several others.
Challoner, Memoirs ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
i. Engraved portrait. iSmo. Vera Effigies Rdi. P. Ambrosii
Barlow, presbyteri, et monachi congregationis Anglicanse,
ordinis Sti. Benedict!, qui pro Ghristi fide, Sanguinem fudit
Lancastrise, in Anglia, 10 Septembris, 1641 ; setatis suse anno 56.
Another referred to by Bromley, in 8vo. There is an oil painting of him
at the Bened. Coll., Douay.
Barlow, Lewis, priest, a native of Gloucestershire, was
entered a student at Douay College, in 1570, where he was
ordained priest in I 5 74, and in the same year was sent upon
the English mission. After several years' missionary labour,
he was at length apprehended, but released soon afterwards.
He was, however, again seized, about 1585, and after a long
and tedious imprisonment in Wisbeach Castle was banished
the realm, in April, 1603. He arrived at Douay in that month,
where he reposed until Dec. 3, following, and then once more
136 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
ventured into England, where he died full of days and merits,
in 1610. He is notable as being the first missioner sent from
Douay College, as Dr. Bristow was the first alumnus, and
Cuthbert Mayne the first who suffered under the sanguinary
laws of Queen Elizabeth.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Foley, Records S.J.
i. He is represented in the 18 "Jesuits and Priests, as they use to
sitt at Counsel! in England to further ye Catholicke Cause,*' a
curious and quaint engraving, published in the second part of Thomas Scott's
Vox populi, or News from Spain. 1624. 4to. ; reproduced in Foley's
" Records S.J.," vol. vii.
Barlow, William Rudesind, S.T.D., O.S.B., was the
third son of Sir Alex. Barlow, of Barlow Hall, Knt, by his
wife Mary, second daughter of Sir Urian Brereton, of Handforth,
co. Chester, Knt, and was born in 1 5 84. He was sent to Douay,
like his brother Edward, the martyr, and was professed at Cella
Nuova, Gallicia, in 1605, and three years later was ordained
priest, and took the degree of S.T.D., at Salamanca. He went
to St. Gregory's Monastery, Douay, in 1611, and was Prior
there from 1614 to 1621. From the latter year to 1629 he
was President-General of the English Congregation, and for
forty years was Professor of Theology at the College of St.
Vedast, Douay, where he died, Sept. 19, 1656, aged 72.
He was a profound scholar, and was looked upon as one of
the first divines and canonists of his age.
Dr. Barlow was one of the principal opponents to Dr. Richard
Smith's claims as Ordinary of Great Britain.
Oliver, Collections ; Snow, Necrology, O.S.B.; Weldon, Chron.
Notes.
1. The Enemies of God, attributed to " M. Barlow, a priest, now in
London," by Gee, " Foot out of the Snare," 1624.
2. Mandatum.
A circular letter to the English Benedictines concerning their relations to
the Vicar-Apostolic.
3. Weldon states that " after the death of this renowned monk, a Bishop
sent to the Fathers of Douay to offer them an establishment, if they would
but make him a present of the said Father's writings. But in vain they were
sought for ; for they were destroyed by an enemy."
Barnard, James, divine, was born in London, in 1733, of
Protestant parents, and was educated at the Bluecoat School.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 137
Dr. Kirk states that he went out as supercargo to a ship bound
for South America, where he became a Catholic, and was
admitted into the Bishop's seminary, and that on his return to
Europe he was admitted into the English College at Lisbon,
where he studied divinity under Mr. Preston, and was ordained
priest.
Another account states that he was sent to Seville, at an
early age, and was employed for some time in a mercantile
house in that city, in which situation, in his twenty-third year, he
became a Catholic, and soon afterwards obtained admittance into
the English College, in the same city, where he was ordained
priest, and that then, in 1758, he left Seville for the English
College at Lisbon.
Having finished his studies, he was sent on the English
mission, in 1761, and continued to labour in the London
district until he was nominated for the Presidency of Lisbon
College, in 1776, in succession to Dr. Barnard.
In 1782 he resigned that position, and returned to London,
where he succeeded Mr. Bolton in the spiritual charge of the
school at Brook Green, and also was appointed Vicar-General
of the London district, in which office he died, Sept. 12, 1803,
aged 70.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS. ; Cath. Mag. 1835.
1. The Life of the Venerable and Bight Rev. Richard Chal-
loner, D.D., Bishop of Debra, and V.A. Collected from his
writings, from authentick Records, and from near Twenty Years
personal acquaintance with him. By Mr. James Barnard. Lond.
1784, 8vo., with small vignette portrait of Dr. Challoner. Some copies have
a larger portrait ; Dublin, 1793. 8vo.
2. A Catechism ; or Collection of some Points of Christian
Faith and Morality. Composed in verse. To which is added an
invitation to, and method of making, a spiritual retreat. Lend-
1786. I2mo.
Both the plan and execution of this work were blamed by his brethren,
and two humorous pieces in verse were written on it by the Revs.
Christ. Taylor and Willacy, one of which, printed on a broad-sheet, com
menced : " Good morrow, Dame Coghlan ! Good morrow to you, sir ! Have
you anything new ? Yea, that pamphlet in blue, sir ! "
3. The Apostolical Missioner, being a Discourse delivered
at the Matriculation of Messrs. Billington and Sumner at the
English College, Lisbon. Lond. 1786. i2mo.
4. The Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ, demonstrated from
the Holy Scripture, and from the Doctrine of the Primitive
Church; in a Series of Letters addressed to Dr. Joseph
138 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Priestley, in answer to his Letters addressed to the Eev. Dr.
Geddes. Lond. 1789. i2mo.
An excellent work which Dr. Priestley acknowledged had puzzled him
more than that of any other of his antagonists.
5. A Dialogue between a Parishioner and the Hector of his
Parish. Translated by James Barnard. Lond. 1793. Svo.
6. A General View of the Arguments for the Divinity of
Christ and Plurality of Persons in God, from the Holy Scrip
tures, and from the Doctrine of the Primitive Church. Lond.
1793. I2mo.
Barnes, John, O.S.B., a Lancashire man by extraction,
if not by birth, was first educated at Oxford, which his con
science obliged him to leave, and he then proceeded to the
University of Salamanca, in Spain, where he studied divinity
under the celebrated professor, Dr. John Alphonso Curiel.
He joined the Benedictine Order in St. Bennet's Monas
tery, Valladolid, March 12, 1604, was professed the next
year, and was ordained priest Sept. 20, 1608. A few years
later he was sent to the English mission, and after some time
spent in the exercise of his ministration, during which the
Spanish Chapter appointed him its first assistant, he was
apprehended, and banished to Normandy with several other
priests. Soon afterwards the English Benedictines invited him
to the Monastery of St. Lawrence, at Dieulward, in Lorraine.
Here he lectured in divinity until called to Marchienne College,
Douay, where he was likewise employed, after which he re
turned to England. In the year 1627 he privately resided in
the University of Oxford, for the purpose of consulting the
public library to furnish himself with matter for works he in
tended to publish.
Some of his brethren, suspecting the dangerous influ
ence under which he was labouring, of which he had given
sufficient inference, either dissuaded or contrived to remove him
from the mission, and for some time he resided at Paris ; but his
mind being thoroughly unhinged, he looked upon himself as
little better than a prisoner, and at length showed signs of such
derangement that he was confined by order of the French king.
He was subsequently removed into Flanders, and from thence to
Rome, where he passed the remainder of his life in a state of
semi-compos mentis. He died in August, 1 66 1, within the walls of
a lunatic asylum, where he had been confined for thirty years.
Unquestionably he was a man of erudition, and possessed
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 139
extraordinary talents ; but he lacked judgment, humility, and
prudence, and he rendered his talents useless in a manner to
religion, injurious to himself, and inexpressibly distressing to
his Benedictine brethren.
Many things concurred to accelerate his misfortunes. He was
an enemy to the Pope's temporal power, he vigorously attacked
the loose casuists of the day upon the subject of equivocation, and
engaged in several controversies with members of his own Order.
It must be observed that in his time the Italian, the Spanish, and
the Old English Congregation had each a superior in England,
and it was felt that it would be difficult to direct the labours of
the Benedictines with success, unless amalgamated into one
Congregation. Steps were taken to procure a union, but the
adjustment of the rights and claims of the three Congregations
was a matter of tact and delicacy. While this matter was in
agitation, several of the Order, especially those belonging to the
Spanish Congregation, refused to accede to the project, and
Mr. Barnes, being a leading man of the party, published his
reasons against the proposed arrangement. He alleged that, as
they had all made profession of their obedience to their respective
superiors abroad, it was incumbent to observe it, and that the
Pope's briefs in favour of this coalition were either spurious or
grounded upon misrepresentation ; and in confirmation of this
statement, he undertook to prove that there never was any
Congregation of Benedictines in England before its defection
from Rome, with the exception of the Cluniacs, and consequently
the Pope, supposing the existence of such a Congregation, was
misinformed. This argument is handled at length by Fr.
Clement Reyner, a learned Benedictine, in his " Apostolatus
Benedictinorum in Anglia," who replies to the exceptions
raised by Mr. Barnes at the end of one of the editions of his
work.
The negotiations terminated in the appointment by the Holy
See of nine Definitors, three chosen from each Congregation,
who met under the presidency of Cardinal Bentivoglio, the
Legate in France, and drew up the constitutions that were to
form the basis of the new English Congregation, which com
prised the missionaries then in England and the monks of the
four newly erected monasteries of St. Gregory's, at Douay, St.
Laurence's, at Dieulward, St. Benedict's, at St. Malo, in Brittany,
and St. Edmund's, at Paris. Paul V., who throughout the nego-
140 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
tiations had taken a deep interest in the construction of the new
Congregation, formally ratified the proceedings, and approved of
the constitution and form of government, by the brief Ex Incum-
benti, in 1619, in which, in order to secure the missionary
character of the Congregation, he enacted that, besides the
ordinary vows, each monk on profession should take an oath to
labour on the mission in England when called upon by his
superiors. Urban VIII., in 1633, by the Bull Plantata,
crowned the edifice, confirmed all that had been done by his
predecessors, endowed the Congregation with privileges, and
enacted that it should be the only Congregation in England,
commanding all other Benedictines either to join or to return
to their monasteries.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. II. ; Snow, Benedictine Necrology ; Oliver,
Collections.
1. Dissertatio contra Equivocationes. Paris, 1625. 8vo. In which
he attacks the arguments of Persons and Lessius. It was translated into
French, Paris, 1625. sm. 8vo.
2. Examen Trophaeorum Congregationis Prsetensse Anglicanse,
Ordinis S. Benedict!. Rhemis, 1622. 8vo.
This must have been an attempt to answer Fr. Edward Mayhew's work,
edited in 1619.
3. Catholico-Romanus Pacificus. Oxon, 1680. i2mo.
The MS. of this work, which is a libel on the Holy See, falling into
Protestant hands, was published by them in the year mentioned.
Dr. Isaac Basire, in a work entitled " Diatriba de Antiqua Eccl.
Britannicae Libertate," borrows three entire chapters from the MS, ; it
appeared at Bruges in 1656, and was afterwards translated into English in
1661 by Richard Watson. Dr. Barnes's MS. was also remitted into Browne's
" Fasciculus Rerum expetendarum et fugiendarum," torn, ii., 1690, fol.
4. A Treatise of the Supremacy of Councils.
5. The Spiritual Combat.
A translation from the Spanish of John Castaniza.
Barnes, Stephen, priest, a native of the diocese of Salis
bury, was admitted into the English College, Rome, in Oct.
1596, at the age of twenty, where he was ordained priest
April 21, 1 60 1. He left the college with the intention of
returning to England, but was detained at Douay College to
teach theology, which he did for nearly two years, and then
proceeded to the English mission in May, 1605.
In 1611 he became confessor to the English Augustinian
nuns at St. Monica's Convent, Louvain, and continued in that
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 14!
office for forty-two years, dying there, Jan. I, 1653, aged 77.
Frequent mention is made of this holy priest in Fr. Morris's
" Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers."
Foley, Records S.J., Roman Diary; Ckalloner, Memoirs ;
Dodd, Ck. Hist.
i. Bishop Challoner in his account of the martyrdom of Eustachius
White, priest, in 1591, refers to a MS. written by Mr. Stephen Barnes, priest,
who was acquainted with Mr. White ; but if he be the same as the subject
of this memoir, he must have been very young at the time.
Barnstaple, Robert, a gentleman who devoted his time
chiefly to literature, was for some time in the service of Cardinal
Allen. In the year 1588 he resided at Venice, and published a
defence of Mary Queen of Scots.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
i. Maria Stuarta Innocens. Ingolst. 1588, 8vo. ; Colon. 1628, Svo.
Baron, James, schoolmaster, born at Blackburn in 1817,
was educated at Stonyhurst, where he passed through the
complete course, and subsequently held professorships at Prior
Park and the Luso-British College, Lisbon.
In 1849 he opened an academy for young gentlemen at
Lytham, in the Fylde, Lancashire. Here for many years he
met with great success, and many distinguished Catholics
have received the rudiments of their education under Mr.
Baron. Latterly he was unable to contend with the greater
facilities for primary education offered by the ecclesiastical
colleges, and his school had a very chequered existence.
He married a Miss Fanny Green, of Preston, and had one
son, James, and five daughters. He died at St. Helens,
Feb. 23, 1883, aged 65.
Mr. Baron was highly respected by all who knew him, and
his memory is held in esteem by those whose early education
he superintended.
He was brother to the Rev. Peter F. Baron, of Puddington,
Cheshire.
Catholic Directories.
Barret, John, D.D., was descended from an ancient family
seated at Lynn, in Norfolk, where he was born. After having
assumed the habit of a Carmelite in his native town, he was
142 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
sent to Cambridge, where he proceeded D.D., in 1533, which
degree Archbishop Cranmer had refused to confer upon him.
In 1542 he was made reader in theology at the Chapter-house,
Norwich, with a salary of 4 for reading a lecture from eight
till nine o'clock A.M. on any Tuesday or Thursday except the
fericz of the Nativity, the octaves of Easter, &c. After the
dissolution of the monasteries, he obtained a dispensation to
hold a living, and accordingly, May 2, 1541, he was instituted
to the rectory of Hetherset, in Norfolk, which he resigned the
next year. He remained firm and steady to his religion during
the boisterous days of Henry VIII. Some pains were indeed
taken to induce him to conform under Edward VI., and
though his complaisance to the reformers led some to suspect
him, and even issue a report of his secession, he retained his
faith throughout. He was instituted to the rectory of Cantley,
in Norfolk, in 1550, and to that of St. Michael-at-Plea, in
Norwich, resigning the latter benefice in 1560, when the
stringent laws of Elizabeth made it impossible for him to
retain it. He had obtained the living of Bishopthorpe during
Mary's reign, in 1558, and he was also a canon of Norwich.
Though his great age hindered him from being of service to the
cause of religion during the latter reign, he gave sufficient proofs
of his sentiments and affections.
He died July 12, 1563, bequeathing his books to the church
of Norwich, where he was buried.
Dodd, Ck. Hist. ; Cooper, A then. Oxon.; Bibliotheca Car-
melitana Anrilianis, torn. ii. p. 790.
1. Reformationes Joannis Trissse, Carmelitae, Lib. i, Incipit :
Radulphus Alemannus de pro.
2. In D. Paulum Annotationes, Lib. i, Incipit : Paulus autem
binomius, &c.
3. In Primam Joannis Epistolam Canonicam, Lib. i, Incipit :
Qui in re Theologica.
4. Orationes ad Clerum, Lib. i, Incipit : Etsi fides totius
Ecclesise.
5. Ad Robertum Watsonum, Hsereticum incarceratum, Epis
tolam. Printed in the Aetiologio of Robert Watson, 1556, I2mo. Incipit :
Etsi liberse quas, &c.
6. Homilies, Lib. i, in English.
7. Collectanea qtiaedam in communes locos digesta ex cru-
ditioribus celebrioribusque Germanorum Protestantium scrip-
toribus. 3 vols.. MSS. in Corpus Christi College.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 143
Barret, Richard, D.D., President of Douay, a native
of the diocese of Coventry and Lichfield, entered the English
College, Douay, Jan. 28, i 576, from whence he removed to the
College at Rome, and became Doctor of Divinity, which was
conferred upon him in the Italian College, Sept. 15, 1582.
The same year, at Dr. Allen's invitation, he arrived at Rheims,
Nov. 3, and was appointed Professor of Divinity in the English
College.
Upon Allen's promotion, Dr. Barret succeeded to the
Presidency of the College, and was installed by the Cardinal
himself, Oct. 31, 1588, being about the same time made a
Canon of the Cathedral Church. While he was President at
Rheims, he was frequently invited by the magistrates of Douay
to return with the college to the place of its original establish
ment ; but the matter requiring time and consideration, the
invitation was not answered effectually until some years later.
The number of students increasing daily, and the revenues of
the college proving inadequate, Dr. Barret was obliged to dis
pense with supernumeraries, and the English College at
Rome took some of the students, and a small community,
established by Fr. Parsons in Normandy, received others.
Several were sent to the English College at Valladolid, in
Spain, and some returned to Douay in view of the college being
removed there, which was effected not long after. On June 23,
1593, Dr. Barret, with the majority of the professors and
students, set out for Douay, leaving behind Mr. Vavasour,
the Vice-President, with the remainder and the servants, to
retain possession till they could remove their effects. This
removal occasioned a considerable alteration in their economy.
Many of the older doctors and professors entirely left the
college, and looked out for a subsistence elsewhere, so that the
students were under the necessity of frequenting the Jesuit
schools, and an English Jesuit was even appointed to be the
common confessor to the college. This custom continued
several years, till the clergy in a body resented the innovation,
and Dr. Kellison restored things to their ancient course. Dr.
Barret governed the college till his death, May 20, 1599, when
he was succeeded by Dr. Thomas Worthington, whose sub
mission to the influence of Fr. Persons engendered a feeling of
intense bitterness on the part of the seculars, who considered
their interests in great jeopardy.
144 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Dr. Barret's complaisance to the Jesuits prepared the way
for later encroachments, and he not only succeeded in alien
ating the sympathies of the most influential of the clergy, but
lost the respect and affection of those whom he governed, by
his display of ill-temper and his disobliging spirit ; for, as
Nicholas Fitzherbert observes in his life of Cardinal Allen,
" erat natura paula severior, et iracundior." But perhaps his
greatest misfortune was the disadvantage in which he was placed
by being successor to a man of such exalted merit as the emi
nent Cardinal Allen.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
i. Some correspondence of Dr. Barret with Fr. Persons and others is
printed in Tierney's Dodd, vol. iii.
Barrett, Basil Richard, Rev., was the seventh child of
John Briant Barrett, of Milton House, near Abingdon, co. Berks,
Esq., by Winefrid, daughter of John Eyston, of East Hundred,
co. Berks, Esq. He was born at Milton House, May 1 1, 1781,
and was baptized by his father's chaplain, Mr. Joseph Syers.
Mr. James Butler, the father of the learned counsel, Charles
Butler, who five years previously had married Mrs. Barrett's
sister, stood godfather, and Mrs. Maire, of Lartington, was the
godmother. In Aug. 1790, his father sent him to St. Omer's
College, where he remained until forced to return to England
by the events of the French Revolution. When the refugees
from Douay College had firmly established themselves at Crook
Hall, in Durham, Mr. Barrett joined them in June, 1795, and
here, with his elder brother, George, in due course was ordained
priest. This was previous to the removal of the college to
Ushaw in 1808, and apparently he was ordained priest about
July, 1806. Pocklington was probably his first mission, where
he was in 1809; subsequently he removed to Yealand, in
Lancashire, a mission established in 1782, in place of the chap
laincy at Leighton Hall, the seat of the Gillows, where the
chapel had been regularly served during all the times of perse
cution. Here he wrote his " Analysis " and the " Life of Cardinal
Ximenes," but his health failing he repaired to the south, and
was at Bath in 1 8 1 8. For a short time it is believed that he
did missionary duty at Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, London, but the
strain on his mental constitution, caused by a vain attempt to
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 145
square the circle, had so impaired his health, that he was placed
under the care of Dr. Fox, at Bristol, in 1821, and subse
quently, in 1829, was removed to Froidemont, in Belgium, an
establishment for the care of invalid priests, where he died
May 3, 1858, aged 77.
His brother, James William Barrett, Esq., was the first
Catholic solicitor admitted on the Rolls after the passing of the
Act of George III., by which Catholics were enabled to prac
tise as solicitors in England ; and he was one, if not the last, of
the survivors of the English College at Douay, dying Feb. 20,
1864, in his 88th year.
Barrett MSS. in possession of C. F. Corncy, Esq.
1. Pretensions to a Final Analysis of the Nature and Origin
of Sublimity, Style, Beauty, Genius, and Taste ; with an Appen
dix explaining the Causes of the Pleasure which is derived from
Tragedy. Lond. 1812. 8vo.
2. The Life of Cardinal Ximenes. Lond. 1813. 8vo.
3. A Mathematical Treatise showing how the Circle can be
Squared. MS.
This work Mr. Barrett sent to Sir Humphrey Davy, Bart., to examine,
who politely returned it, saying that he did not understand the calculations ;
whereupon Mr. Barrett said, " No, they are too deep for him."
Barrow, John, Rev., was the son of Edward Barrow and
his wife Ann Hull, of Westby-in-the-Fylde, Lancashire, where
he was born, May 13, 1735.
The Barrows of Westby-cum-Plumpton were an old Catholic
yeomanry family, originally seated at Weeton-cum-Prees.
They remained staunch to the end, though they suffered
heavily in fines and imprisonment from the time of the
penal statutes enacted during the reign of Elizabeth to that of
George I.
Mr. Barrow's great-uncle, Fr. Edward Barrow, S.J., served the
mission at Westby Hall in 1717, when he was convicted of being
a Popish priest, and outlawed. His goods were seized and sold,
and the description of the search of his premises, and for the
worthy priest himself, as sent up to the Commissioners for
Forfeited Estates, rather resembles the worst period of the
penal laws than that of the eighteenth century. The good
Father, however, was a match for his persecutors, which is rather
amusingly shown in the letters of Mr. Slaughter, the Accountant-
VOL. I. L
146 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
General to the Commissioners. He was a man of extra
ordinary force of character, and was a keen sportsman.
On Feb. 17, 1749, Mr. Barrow was admitted into the
English College, Rome, but left to return to England, June 15,
1756, having been more than seven years in the Eternal
City.
When he arrived in England he was seized at Portsmouth by
a press-gang, and compelled to serve for seven years in one of
his Majesty's ships. On one occasion he was severely wounded
in the hand, and tradition states that he at length escaped from
his ship, when stationed off Dunkirk, by leaping through a port
hole into the sea and swimming ashore. When retaken and tried
by court-martial, he only got off by pretending to speak no other
language than Italian, and when told by the president he was
acquitted and might go, he had the presence of mind to appear
not to understand him, and said to his interpreter, " Che dice ? "
(What does he say ?)
In Nov. 1761, he was again in London, acting as escort to
two young ladies, going to the Continent to embrace the
religious life. These he conducted to the convent of Poor
Clares at Gravelines, where one of his sisters was a nun, and
the next day he started for Douay, to finish his preparation for
the priesthood.
Here he remained until June 27, 1766, and was ordained
priest.
When in London, he appears to have stayed at the house
in Red Lion Square occupied by the Milners, the parents of the
illustrious Bishop Milner.
His journey to Lancashire was performed on horseback, and
he describes himself in a letter to an old schoolfellow, the Rev.
Christopher Taylor, of Bigglesv/ade, in Bedfordshire, with more
point than delicacy, " as forced to bump down with irrepressible
pain to Standish," on his way to the good old Bishop Petre, then
living at Shorley. On the following morning he resumed his
journey for Claughton, in Lancashire, a mission which had
formerly been attached to the Hall, the seat of the ancient
family of Brockholes.
Here he arrived on July 13, 1766, and in the letter just
quoted he calls himself the " Old Tar of Claughton," and ex
presses his hope of remaining there " while his old timbers will
stick together." His hopes were fulfilled ; he died at Claughton,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 147
Feb. 12, 1811, in the 76th year of his age, and was buried
at the adjoining mission of Newhouse.
Mr. Barrow was a man of most remarkable character, of a
strong domineering will, of invincible courage and untiring
industry. His residence in Italy and France had given him a
command of the Italian and French languages ; he wrote Latin
with ease, and there was a power and directness in his use of
his native tongue which simply riveted the reader's attention.
He may sometimes have shown but scant courtesy to the wishes
or commands of his own Bishop, but he insisted that everybody
else should be obedient and deferential to ecclesiastical authority.
Of course his first care was that everything in the parish should
be arranged according to his ideas of what they should be.
Twice he effected great alterations in the church ; the second
time, in 1 794, he greatly enlarged it, and to this day it remains
substantially what he left it.
He held the office of overseer of roads to the township of
Claughton, and some characteristic stones are recorded of his
modus operandi by which the roads of Claughton became the
wonder of the neighbouring townships.
As agent for the Secular Clergy Fund he rendered inesti
mable service in reorganizing the investments ; and Ushaw owes
him a debt of gratitude for the active part he took in the nego
tiations with Sir Edward Smythe for the acquirement by
exchange of the land on which the college stands.
The Rev. Robert Gradwell, afterwards coadjutor-bishop to
Dr. Bramston, succeeded Mr. Barrow to the mission of Claughton,
but when he was appointed Rector of the English College,
Rome, in 1817, his brother, the Rev. Henry Gradwell, took
charge of the mission, and since his death, in 1860, their
nephew, Mgr. Robert Gradwell, has been the rector of the
parish.
Gradzvell, Hist. Sketch of Mission of Claughton, Liverpool
Cath. Almanac, 1885; Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS., Archiepisc.
Archives ; Gillow, Lane. Recusants, MS.
I. His name appears in the list of Douay writers, but no description of
his publications has been recorded. In all probability he contributed to the
controversy between the Catholic Committee and their opponents.
In an unpublished letter to Bishop Berington, with whom he was not
unfairly matched, he signs himself bluntly, " Yours with the utmost contempt,
L 2
148 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
John Barrow;" and one to Charles Butler, the Secretary of the Committee, he
concludes with "Yours without the least respect, J. B."
Still, the value of his trenchant advocacy was acknowledged by the autho
rities at Rome, and there is preserved at Claughton a letter in Latin from
a Cardinal Secretary of State, in which his fidelity to the Holy See and his
zeal in championing its cause are set forth in warm terms.
Barrow, William, Father S.J., martyr, who sometimes
was known under the names of Waring and Harcourt, was
born in 1610, and probably was a younger son of John Barrow,
of Weeton-cum-Prees, in Lancashire, yeoman, a stout recusant
in the reign of James I. His mother, Margaret, whose maiden
name was probably Waring, was also fined for her recusancy,
12 Jac. I., 16134, an< 3 her son Edward Barrow, of Weeton,
yeoman, likewise appears in the Rolls I Car. I., 1625-6, and
in later years.
Fr. Barrow made his humanity studies at St. Omer's College,
and entered the Society in 1632. He was sent to England
in 1644-5, an d was a missionerin London for thirty-five years,
deservedly loved by all who knew him.
In 1671 he was Procurator for the Province in London, and
was declared Rector of St. Ignatius College there, in 1678.
This rendered him conspicuous, and from the commencement
of the Gates Plot, in the latter year, he was marked out for
.death as one of its special victims, and before his arrest had
more than one narrow escape.
He was urged to retire to the Continent, and an oppor
tunity of doing so was offered, but he preferred, in his charity,
to face the danger and sacrifice his life in the service of his
brethren in their distress, and especially of those already in
prison.
By constant change of dress and lodgings, he eluded the
pursuivants until May 7, when he was betrayed by a servant
of the house in which he was living, and committed by
the Privy Council to Newgate. He was tried at the Old
Bailey Sessions, June 13, 1679, with Fr. Whitbread, the
Provincial, and Frs. Caldwell, Gavan, and Turner, condemned
to death, and suffered with them at Tyburn, June 20-30,
following.
Foley, Records S.J., vol. v., and Collectanea ; Gilloiv, Lanca-
sJdre Recusants, MS. ; C/ialloner, Memoirs.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 149
1. The Tryals and Condemnation of Thomas White, alias
Whitebread, Provincial of the Jesuits in England, "William
Harcourt, Pretended Rector of London, John Fenwick, Procu
rator for the Jesuits in England, John Gavan, alias Gawen, and
Anthony Turner, all Jesuits and Priests, for High Treason,
in conspiring the Death of the King, the Subversion of the
Government, and Protestant Religion, At the Sessions in the
Old-Bailey for London and Middlesex, on Friday and Saturday,
being the 13th and 14th of June 1679. Published by Authority.
Lond., 1679, fI-j title? : leaf; pp. 95.
One of a series of State tracts, published by the Government.
2. Samuel Smith, Chaplain of Newgate, and Minister of the Gospel, also
published an account of the Behaviour of the five martyred Fathers and
others, in 1679. It is given in Cobbett's "State Trials," vol. vii. pp. 570 seq.
3. A Remonstrance of Piety and Innocence, containing the
last Devotions and Protestations of several Roman Catholics
Condemned and Executed on account of the Plot (Ireland,
Whitebread, Harcourt, Gavan, Fenwick, Langhorn, Viscount
Stafford, Archbp. Plunket, &c.), faithfully taken from their own
mouths as they spoke them, &c. 1683. i8mo.
4. Portrait, R. P. Gulielmus Waringus Societatis Jesu Sa-
cerdos. Fidei odio Suspensus et dissectus ad Tibourn prope"
Londinum, 20-30 Junii 1679. Martin Bouche, scul. Antverpia?,
sm. 4to., in Fr. Mat. Tanner's Brevis Relatio, Pragae, 1683.
Bartlett, Richard, M.D., a native of Worcestershire,
brother to Edward Bartlett, of Castle-Morton in that county,
was educated at All Souls' College, Oxford. In 1503 he was
admitted bachelor of physic, and on Nov. 3, 1508, he suppli
cated to proceed in physic, " but whether," says Wood (Fasti,
Oxon), " he was admitted, or did really proceed, does not, by
the neglect of the Registrar, appear." He was the first Fellow
admitted into the College of Physicians, but the date of his
admission is not recorded. He was appointed Elect, in 1523 ;
was six times Consiliarius viz., 1526, 1529, 1530, 1541,
1545, and 1546 ; Censor in 1542 ; and he filled the office of
President in 1527, 1528, 1531, and 1548. He died in 1556-7,
at his house in Blackfriars, London, and was buried in the
church of St. Bartholomew the Great, Smithfield. "This good
and venerable old man," says Dr. Caius (Annales, vol. i.),
" was famous for his learning, great knowledge, and experience
in physic, died in the eighty-seventh year of his age, at whose
funeral the President and College attended ; it being the first
time that the statute-book of the college, adorned with silver,
was carried before the President."
150 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
He had acquired very considerable lands in Cadesdon and
Denton, Oxfordshire, and Edgware, Middlesex ; the last named
he granted to All Souls' College, by deed dated May 7, 2 & 3
Phil, and Mary, in consideration that daily masses should be
celebrated in the chapel for the souls of himself, of his wife
Anne, &c. The salary of the celebrating priest was to be 2C>d.
per week, or 5^. $d. per month.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Munk, Roll, of the Roy. Coll. of Physicians.
Barton, Elizabeth, called the Holy Maid of Kent, a
native of Aldington in that county, is a character about
whom there has been considerable historical divergence ; and,
perhaps, a careful examination of the official documents, and
the circumstances under which her reported confessions were
extracted and recorded, might throw a different complexion
on her life than that which has been hitherto popularly
received.
She is said to have been occasionally subject to fits, in the
paroxysms of which she often burst into vehement and
appalling exclamations, and periodically, about the beginning
of December, to a trance of a few days' duration, after which
she would narrate the wonders that she had seen in the world
of spirits, under the guidance and tuition of an angel.
By the neighbours, her sufferings and sayings were attributed
to some preternatural agency ; she herself insensibly partook
of the illusion ; and Masters, the clergyman of the parish,
advised her to quit the village, and to enter the convent of
St. Sepulchre, in Canterbury. In her new situation her ecstasies
and revelations were multiplied, and Archbishop Warham, at
a loss to form a satisfactory judgment, appointed Bocking, a
monk of Christchurch, her confessor.
Bocking soon professed himself a believer in her inspired
character, and both Sir Thomas More and Cardinal Fisher
appear to have gone over to his opinion.
The maid grew less reserved in her predictions, arid occa
sionally rose to higher and more dangerous matters. Whilst
the great cause between Henry and Catherine was yet pending
in the court of the Legates, she informed Wolsey, at the com
mand of her angel, that if he ventured to pronounce a divorce,
God would visit him with the most dreadful chastisement ; and
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. IS I
after Wolsey's death she stated to her friends that God had
shown to her an evil root buried in the earth, out of which
three shoots had sprung ; a vision interpreted to mean that
the king, with the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, were now
carrying into execution the evil projects devised by the late
Cardinal. She even admonished Henry in person, at the
command of her angel, that if he were to marry Anne Boleyn
while Catherine was alive, he would no longer be looked upon
as a king by God, and that Catherine's daughter, Mary, then
regarded by the recently passed laws as one born out of wed
lock, would ascend the throne in her own right.
Years had elapsed since Henry first heard of the maid, her
visions, and prophecies. But when he had publicly acknow
ledged his second marriage, he deemed it necessary to close
her mouth and prevent the circulation of her predictions by
severity of punishment.
The nun was taken from her convent, and examined in
private, first by Cranmer alone, and then by Cromwell and
Cranmer together.
That by dint of argument and authority they should draw
from her an admission that her supposed revelations from
heaven were the delusions of her own distempered brain, and
that she felt a gratification in communicating them to others,
is probable enough ; and, in their official report, she is said to
have confessed that " her predictions were feigned of her own
imagination only, to satisfy the minds of them which resorted
to her, and to obtain worldly praise."
The chief of her friends and advisers had been already
apprehended ; after several examinations, all were arraigned
in the Star Chamber, and adjudged to stand during the sermon,
at St. Paul's Cross, and to confess the imposture. From the
cross they were led back to prison, to await the royal pleasure.
But the king was not satisfied : he determined that they
should die ; and thus leave behind them an awful warning to
those who might feel disposed to make him the subject of their
visions and prophecies.
A bill of attainder was brought into the House of Lords, of
attainder of treason against the maid, and her assumed abettors,
Edward Bocking and John Deering, two Benedictine monks of
Christchurch in Canterbury, Richard Risby and Hugh Rich,
Franciscans, with Richard Masters, parson of Aldington, and
152 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Henry Gold, priest ; and of misprision of treason against Sir
Thomas More, late Lord Chancellor, John Fisher, Bishop of
Rochester, and others, charged with having known of her pre
dictions without revealing them to the king.
To sustain the charge of treason, it was presumed that the
communicators of such prophecies must have had in view to
bring the king into peril of his crown and life ; and, if this
were treason, it followed of course that to be acquainted with
such facts, and yet conceal them, amounted to the legal offence
of misprision of treason.
The accused were not brought to trial. The confession of
imposture wrung from them, or the official reports to that
purport, were deemed sufficient, and though the Lords passed a
resolution to inquire of the king if it should be his pleasure
that Sir Thomas More and the rest of the accused should be
brought to the Star Chamber, no defence was allowed. The
bill was hurried through the two Houses, and received the
royal assent.
The parties attainted of treason were drawn from the Tower
to Tyburn, and there hanged, April 21, 1534 ; the nun's head
was set on London Bridge, and those of the two secular priests,
the two Benedictines, and the two friars, were placed on the
gates of the city.
Elizabeth Barton is not only represented to have confessed
her delusion, but to have thrown the burden of her offence on her
companions in punishment. She had been, she said, the dupe
of her own credulity, but then she was only a simple woman,
whose ignorance might be an apology for her conduct, while
they were learned clerks, who, instead of encouraging, should
have detected and exposed the illusion.
It is but just to say, however, that Sanders in his history
of the Schism gives another character of the Holy Maid of
Kent, and, indeed, Cardinal Fisher and Sir Thomas More were
neither of them unfavourably prepossessed against her, but
rather the reverse.
The latter in his letter to Cromwell (Burnet, v. 485, ed.
Pocock) says, " Howbeit, of a truth, I had a great good opinion
of her, and had her in great estimation, as you shall perceive
by the letter I wrote unto her." He had carefully tested the
spirit of the nun, and was unable to discover in it any trace of
that fanaticism which was maliciously laid to her charge at the
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 153
time. When asked his opinion by the king, Sir Thomas
stated that he saw nothing in her reported expressions which
any simple woman might not have spoken herself without any
assistance from others, and he does not seem to have thought
that she was abetted, or that there was any treasonable con
spiracy.
Lingard, Hist, of Eng., ed. 1849, vol. v. pp. 23-7 ; Lewis,
Anglican Schism by Sanders.
Bassett, Joshua, Master of Sidney College, Cambridge,
was born and educated at Lynn Regis, where his father, John
Bassett, was a merchant. At the age of sixteen, Oct. 13,
1657, he was admitted a sizar in Gonville and Caius College,
Cambridge. In 1664 he was Junior Fellow of that College,
and Senior in 1673. He became S.T.B., and in 1686 was
appointed fifth Master of Sidney College, on the death of Dr.
Mynshull, by a mandamus of James II.
Akerman (" Hist, of the Univ. of Camb.," vol. ii. p. 272)
says that he was then a Catholic, and not only caused mass to
be said publicly within the walls of his college, but procured
an alteration of the statutes for the accommodation of himself
and those of his communion. The altar-piece of his chapel
was the Sacred Symbol and the monogram I.H.S. in a glory
surrounded by cherubim. It is said in the History of Lynn to
be hanging over one of the doors in the college audit-room.
Upon the revocation of King James's mandamuses, in Dec.
1688, Mr. Bassett left the college so suddenly as to have
abandoned a great part of his own private property, of which
it appears that he afterwards vainly endeavoured to obtain
restitution. He was informed, in answer to an applica
tion which he made for that purpose to his successor, that
if he did not desist he would be informed against as a Popish
priest.
The historian of Lynn (Mackerell) says this account of the
injustice done to Mr. Bassett " was given by the present worthy
Master of Jesus College, Dr. Ashton, who remembered the
time and transactions thereof."
He lived to be a very old man, and died, says Mr. Cole, at
London, in no very affluent circumstances, as we may well
imagine.
154 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Kirk, MS. Biog. Collections, A rcJdepisc. A rckives ; Cole's Collec
tions, MS., vol. xx. 1 1 7, Brit. Mns. ; Jones, Chetham Popery
Tracts, Chetham Soc.
1. An Essay towards a proposal for a Catholick Communion.
1704, 8vo. ; 1705, 8vo. ; 1801, 8vo.
After the Revolution the work was seized, and very soon disappeared.
The author was searched for by a warrant from a Secretary of State.
Hearne says, in his " MS. Journal" in the Bodleian, and it is also stated in the
Essay itself in the Bodleian, "2, 19, H. Aug. 3, 1705," that he was told by
Dr. Grabe that Mr. Bassett was the author, and that the observations upon
it were by Mr. Edward Stephens, " The Essay towards a proposal for a
Catholic Communion, c., lately published by a (pretended) minister of the
Church of England," 1705, Svo.
2. Verses on the Accession of James II. 1684-5.
3. Reason and Authority; or the Motives of a late Pro
testant's reconciliation to the Catholick Church, together with
Bemarks upon some late Discourses against Transubstantiation.
Publisht with allowance. Lond., Henry Hills, 1687, 410., pp. 130.
Dodd attributes this work to Gother, which can scarcely be true, for the
writer represents himself as having been converted after the publication of
Tillotson's (afterwards Archbp. of Canterbury) Discourse against Transub-
stantiation, which was published in 1685. It is possible, however, that
Gother may have helped Mr. Bassett.
The main object of the work is to attack this Discourse of Tillotson's, and
also that of Dr. Wake, Archbp. of Canterbury. In his Certamen, Dodd
places the work against Stephens.
4. Verses on the Birth of the Prince of Wales. 1688.
5. Verses on the Death of the Duke of Albemarle. 1700.
6. Ecclesise Theoria Nova Dodwelliana Exposita, cui acces-
sit rerum quse indiligentes lectores fugiant indiculus (ad H.
Dodwellum Epistola super) nupera sua, ad exteros Paroenesi.
Londini, 1713 ; Svo. ; written against Henry Dodwell.
8. A Collection of what Authors say concerning the Church
of England's Ordination. MS.
This work shows Mr. Bassett to have been a man of extensive reading,
and an able controversialist, and to have acted in his conversion from a
thorough conviction of mind.
Bates, or Battle, Anthony, martyr, a gentleman in York
shire, was executed at York, March 22, 1602, for having enter
tained in his house James Harrison, knowing him to be a priest.
They were both hanged at the same time and place.
CJialloner, Memoirs.
Bates, Thomas, was a servant of Robert Catesby, Esq.,
and was an accomplice of his master in the Powder Plot, for
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 155
which he was tried, Jan. 27, 1605, and pleaded guilty. He
was executed in St. Paul's Churchyard, three days later, with
others engaged in the same conspiracy.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Batt, "William Anthony, O.S.B., was born in Wiltshire,
and was educated at the English College, Douay. He was
ordained in 1604, an< ^ was professed at St. Laurence's Monas
tery, Dieulward, in 1615.
After serving on the mission, he returned to St. Edmund's,
Douay, and was again at Dieulward in 1631. In 1641 he was
Superior and Novice Master at La Celle, and returned to St.
Edmund's, Douay, in 1642. Weldon ("Chronological Notes")
says that " he was a great promoter and practiser of regular
discipline, a famous translator of many pious books into English.
He wrote a most curious hand, and spent much of his time at
La Celle, where there is a Catechism of a large size, which he
composed at the instance of some of the Fathers in the mission."
He died at Paris, Jan. 12, 1651.
Oliver, Collections ; Snow, Bcned. Necrology.
1. A Heavenly Treasure of Comfortable Meditations and
Prayers. Written by S. Augustin, Bishop of Hyppon, in three
severall treatises of his Meditations, Soliloquies, and Manual.
Faithfully translated into English by the B. F. Anthony Batt,
Monke of the Holy Order of S. Bennet of the Congregation of
England. At S. Omers, for John Heigham, 1624. iSmo. Ded. "To
the most illustrious Lord and our most Rev. Father in Christ, the Lord
Gabriel Gifford de S. Maria, Archbishoppe and Duke of Rheimes, first
Peere of Fraunce, c., our good and gratious Lord," pp. 17 ; Approbation
to p. 20 ; Meditations, pp. 21-186 ; Second title, " The Booke of S. Augustin,
Bishop of Hyppon, commonlie called his Soliloquies, that is, the secret dis
courses and conferences of his soule with God. At S. Omers, for John
Heigham, 1624," pp. 187 to 330 ; Third title, "The Manual of S. Augustin,
Bishopp of Hyppon, otherwise tearmed a little booke treating of the contem
plation of Christ, or the Worde of God, stirring up our weake and drousie
memorie to the desire of heavenlie felicitie. At S. Omers, John Heigham,
1624 ; " pp. 331 to 405 ; table, 2 pp.
This work is referred to by Gee, in his " Foot out of the Snare," 1624, as
"by Antho. Bat, a Frier, now in London," and bears the monogram I.H.S.
which was frequently used by others besides the Jesuits in early times.
2. A Hive of Sacred Honie- combes, containing most sweet
and heavenlie Counsel : taken out of the Workes of the Melli
fluous Doctor S. Bernard, Abbot of Clareval. Faithfully trans-
I 5 6 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
lated into English by R. Fa. Antonie Batt, Monke of the Holie
Order of S. Bennet, of the Congregation of England. Douay,.
1631, sm. 8vo. ; over 600 pp. Ded. to Queen Henrietta Maria from Dieul-
vvard, Feb. 13, 1631.
3. A Rule of Good Life. Translated into English by A. B.,
1633. i6mo.
4. Thesaurus Absconditus in Agro Dominico inventus, in
duas partes. I. Precationes. II. Meditationes. Paris, 1641. i2mo.
5. The Mourning of the Dove ; or, of the great Benefit and
Good of Teares. III. Bookes, Written in Latin by the most
Illustrious Card. Bellarmine of the Society of Jesus, and trans
lated into English by A. B. Permissu Super. 1641, iSmo. ; title,
I leaf; Epistle of Translator, signed A. B., pp. 3-8; preface, pp. 9-16 ; pp.
17-546 ; Index, 2 leaves.
6. A Catechism. MS. at La Celle.
Bavant, John, D.D., was educated in the University of
Oxford, where he was one of the first Fellows and first Professor
of Greek in St. John's College, upon the founder's nomination.
He proceeded M.A. in 1552, and was generally esteemed for
his great talents and learning. The fact of his being tutor to
two such celebrated writers as Edmund Campion and Gregory
Martin, is alone evidence of his abilities.
Subsequently he left Oxford, and retired abroad to pursue
his theological studies at Rheims and Rome, and he was created
Doctor of Divinity. He returned from Rome in company with
Dr. Allen to the College at Rheims in i 580, and in the follow
ing year he ventured into England during the hottest period of
persecution.
After a considerable time spent in missionary labour, he was
at length apprehended, and committed prisoner to Wisbeach
Castle, where he was detained for several years until his death,
the date of which has not been recorded.
He was one of the six assistants to the Archpriest nominated
by Cardinal Cajetan in 1598. He probably died soon after in
the prison at Wisbeach.
Dodd, CJi. Hist. ; Douay Diaries ; Brady, Episc. Succession.
i. He was probably engaged in the Wisbeach controversy.
Bawden, William, Father S.J., who used the alias
of Baldwin, was a native of Cornwall, born in 1563. He
studied at Oxford for five years, and then went to Douay
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 157
College, and afterwards to Rheims, where he arrived, Dec. 31,
1582. On Aug. 13, in the following year, he proceeded to
Rome, and entered the English College for his higher course,
and was ordained priest, April 16, 1588, and served as English
Penitentiary at St. Peter's for a year. His health failing, he
was sent to Belgium, where he entered the Society of Jesus, in
1590. He was Professor of Theology at Louvain for some
time, then lived at Brussels for about eleven years, and, passing
into Germany, was forcibly seized in the Palatinate in 1610,
carried to England, and there confined in the Tower of London,
on suspicion of having been an accomplice in the Gunpowder
Plot, five years before. In the Tower he was stretched on the
rack, and suffered a cruel captivity for eight long years. His
innocence at length was so clearly demonstrated that he was
liberated, but banished the country. In 162 i he was appointed
Rector of Louvain, and the following year Rector of St. Omer's
College, which he governed for eleven years, and died there
Sept. 28, 1632, aged 69.
Foley, Records S.J., vol. in.
1. Meditationum de obligationibus animse religiosge erga
Deum. Tom. xi. in fol. MS.
2. De Passione et Ressurrectione Domini. Tom. ii. in fbl. MS.
3. De Incarnatione Domini. Tom. i. 410. MS.
4. De peccatis, de amore et timore Dei; et humilitate. Tom. i.
MS.
5. De gratia, de vita spiritual!, de Passione Domini, de cruce,
de religione, de beneficiis, de sponsalitiis animse, de amore, de
Sacra Communione ; tomos plurcs, omnes Anglice ; quos, quamvis nes-
ciam sintne visuri lucem, judicavi recensendos adviri memoriam. MS.
The foregoing titles are those given by Southwell, Bib. Script. S.J., but
the works themselves were, as he says, in English.
Baxter, Roger, Rev., was born at Walton-le-Dale, near
Preston, in Lancashire, and, after receiving a primary education
at a school in Preston, was sent to Stonyhurst in 1806, where
he distinguished himself early in life, previous to taking priest's
Orders, by publishing a history of the Reformation in England.
In Jan. 1817, he left Stonyhurst and repaired to the famous
university at George Town, in Columbia, where he was appointed
Professor of Rhetoric and the Belles Lettres. He afterwards
became pastor of the Catholic church in the city of Philadelphia
and missionary at Alexandria, but the climate disagreeing with
15$ BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
him, he returned to England in Feb. 1826, and also visited
Mont Rouge, near Paris. He was then appointed to the
mission at Enfield, near Blackburn, and, during his stay
there, preached a course of controversial sermons at Clitheroe,
which caused considerable stir in that neighbourhood, and
elicited several tracts from the opposite party. His health
improving, he returned to Philadelphia, but died after a short
illness, May 24, 1827, aged 34.
He was highly respected in Philadelphia for his many
virtues, unassuming manners, and sincere piety, and he pos
sessed considerable polemical talents.
Whittle, Hist, of Preston ; Oliver, Collectanea S.J.
1. History of the Reformation in England. Whittle, Preston,
1814. i2mo.
2. Examination of the Protestant reasons for the Indepen
dence of the ancient British Church ; Extracted from Burgess's
Protestant and Papist's Manual. Whittle, Preston, 1815. 8vo.
3. Remarks on Le Mesurier's Sermon on the Invocation of
Saints. Andrews, Lond. 1816. 8vo.
4. Letters in Defence of the Trinity ; against the letters of the
Rev. T. C. Holland, Unitarian Minister. Whittle, Preston, 1816-
Svo. ; pp. 74.
These letters first appeared in the Preston Chronicle, and were written at
Stonyhurst previous to his embarking for America.
5. Many letters published in Andrews's Orthodox Journal^ under the
signature of M. B., and others in Cuddon's Catholic Miscellany.
6. The Alexandrian Controversy. George Town, 1817. 8vo.
A series of letters against an Episcopalian clergyman who signed himself
" Quaero."
7. The most Important Tenets of Roman Catholics fairly
Explained. Washington, 1819. I2mo. ; pp. 76.
8. Other works of a polemical nature, and controversial sermons preached
at Clitheroe, which elicited several replies.
Baynes, Roger, a gentleman of good family, born in 1546,,
was obliged to leave the country on account of religion, in or
about the year 1579. He retired to Rome, where he was
received into the household of Cardinal Allen, and was appointed
his secretary ; after whose decease he gave himself up to religious
exercises, and died Oct. 9, 1623, and was buried in the English
College, Rome, where his will is still preserved.
Cooper, Biog. Diet. ; Foley, Records S.J., Roman Diary.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 159
1. The Praise of Solitarinesse, set down in the forme of a
Dialogue, wherein is conteyned a Discourse Philosophical, of
the Lyfe Actiue and Contemplatiue. Lond. 1577. 4to.
2. The Baynes of Agvisgrane. The first part and first volume,
intituled Variety, Contayning Three Bookes in the forme of
Dialogues, under the Titles following, viz. : Profit, Pleasvre,
Honovr, Furnished with diuers things, no lesse delightfull then
beneficiall to be knowne and obserued. Related by Hog. Baynes
Gent., a long Exile out of England, not for any temporall
respects. Qui nihil sperat, nihil desperat. Printed at Augusta, in
Germany, 1608. 4to.
Bazier, Matthew, Father S.J., who used the alias of
Grimes, was a native of Rouen, born in 1607-8. He entered
the English Province of the Society of Jesus in 1633, and
being a foreigner, was enabled for a time to exercise his priestly
office in England with comparatively greater freedom than his
brethren. He was a zealous and most efficient missioner. He
was several times arrested and examined, but suffered to go at
large again, when he resumed with unabated vigour his minis
terial functions. At length stronger suspicions were raised as
to his priestly character, and he was again seized and committed
to prison in Newgate.
Though he might have purchased his liberty for a moderate
ransom, he refused to do so. He died of the gaol fever after a
few months' confinement in Newgate, Aug. 1 1, 1650, aged 42.
His last and only regret was, that he was not allowed to suffer
death for the Catholic faith upon the public gallows, although
dying a martyr for the same cause in prison.
Foley, Records S.J., vol. i.
Beaumont, Edward, priest, was the third son of John
Beaumont, of Barrow-upon-Trent, co. Derby, Esq., and his wife
Joycia, daughter of John Johnson, Esq., and was born Nov. i 8,
1732. After a few years spent at the Free School, at
Repton, in Derbyshire, Mr. Beaumont was sent in June, 1745,
to Douay College, together with his two elder brothers, John
arid Robert. At this time Dr. William Thornburgh was Presi
dent, Mr. Francis Petre, Vice-President and Procurator, and
Mr. Alban Butler and Dr. William Walton, Professors of
Divinity.
In 1 749 he returned to England at the earnest request of his
160 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
mother, a Protestant, a lady of most estimable character, who
lived to the age of about 96.
In the following year he resumed his studies at Douay, where
he was ordai-ned priest, and was sent on the mission in June,
1758.
Shortly afterwards he arrived at Norwich, Aug. I, as chaplain
to Edward, Duke of Norfolk, and took over the charge of the
congregation attached to the chapel in the Duke's Palace,
which had been a few years previously under the care of the
Rev. Alban Butler.
This appointment he probably owed to Mr. Butler, who had
been his director at college, and then lived with the Duke of
Norfolk. On Mr. Beaumont's arrival in England, Mr. Butler
wrote him two kind letters with directions how to regulate his
conduct at Norwich, and in answer to some difficulties he had
proposed to him.
The Duke left him a legacy of ^150, and his successor, in
1764, built him a new house with a handsome chapel. When a
subsequent possessor of the title conformed, he deprived Mr.
Beaumont of his house and chapel, and withdrew all support
from him. This was in 1 790, but Mr. Beaumont was enabled
to buy other premises and erect the new chapel of St. John,
Madder Market, in that year. He died Aug. I, 1820, and was
buried in the vault of the Pitchford family in the church of
St. Giles, Norwich. He was one of Dr. Milner's Grand Vicars
for Norfolk and Suffolk.
The Beaumonts of Barrow were an ancient, and, at one time,
a wealthy Catholic family.
Mr. Beaumont's grandfather, Robert Beaumont, who died
Jan. 2, 1726, O.S.j married Cecilia, daughter and co-heiress of
Sir Thomas Beaumont, of Grace Dieu, in the county of
Leicester. On the death of Sir Thomas, his estates devolved
to his four daughters.
The site of the Cistercian Priory of Grace Dieu fell to the
lot of Mr. Beaumont, who soon after sold it to Sir Ambrose
Phillipps.
Jane, another of the co-heiresses, married Charles Byerley,
of Belgrave, near Leicester, whose estates also came to the
Beaumonts of Barrow on the death of his grandson, John
Beaumont Byerley, without issue.
Mr. Beaumont's father, John, was a captain in the Chevalier's
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. l6l
army, in 1715, under Sir Thomas Beaumont, and was after
wards made Lieutenant-Colonel. He was taken prisoner and
confined for some time, but was at length allowed to return to
his seat at Barrow.
The Beaumonts of Barrow were descended from Edward,
younger brother of Sir John Beaumont, Knt, Master of the
Rolls in the reign of Edward VI., who was the first of the
family to reside at Barrow.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS. Archiepisc. Archives; CatJi.
Mag,, 1832, vol. ii. p. 566 ; Husenbeth, Life of Milner.
i. He was the author of several letters in the controversy concerning the
oath of allegiance.
Beaumont, Francis, poet, was the third son of Francis
Beaumont, Judge of the Common Pleas, and was probably
born at Grace Dieu, in Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire, in
i 5 84, or early in the following year. He was entered a gen
tleman commoner of Broadgate Hall, Oxford, Feb. 4, 1596-7.
Soon after his matriculation he quitted Oxford, and repaired
to London, where he became a member of the Inner Temple,
and studied law, apparently with as little liking for it as most
poets have at all times evinced. If " Salmacis and Herma-
phroditus," a paraphrase from Ovid, be really his, of which
there is some doubt, he became a poet, and published poetry,
before he was eighteen. The work originally came out in
1602 without any name or initials of the author, which were
added by Blaicklock, the bookseller, when he reprinted the
poem with others in 1640, and when he wished it to be
believed that it was the work of so celebrated a poet.
The dramatic partnership between Beaumont and John
Fletcher seems to have subsisted for not more than twelve
years, if indeed it had so long a duration.
His death occurred in March, 1615-16, and if we are to
believe the combined testimony of Bishop Corbet and Sir John
Beaumont, his early decease was at least promoted by his literary
labours. His brother says expressly
" So dearly hast bought thy precious lines,
Their praise grew swiftly, so thy life declines."
He was buried at the entrance of what used to be called
St. Benedict's Chapel, in Westminster Abbey, on March 9,
VOL. I. M
J62 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
1615, which according to our present mode of dating would
be 1616.
The fact of Beaumont's marriage to Ursula, daughter and
co-heiress of Henry Isley, of Sundridge, in Kent, is almost the
only known circumstance of his private history, and even the
date of this union has never been ascertained.
He left behind him two daughters, one of whom was named
Frances, and was said to have been living in 1700, upon a
pension of ^"100 a year, granted her by the Duke of Ormond,
in whose family, according to Dr. Bliss, she appears to have
been governess.
It has been asserted that she once had some additional
poems of her father in her possession, but that she lost them
during one of her voyages to Ireland.
Rose, Biog. Diet.
1. Of the collection entitled "The Works of Beaumont and Fletcher" (52
Plays, a Masque, and some Minor Poems), Beaumont alone wrote the Masque
of the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn, and the Minor Poems it is believed,
with the exception of The Honest Man's Fortune, which follows the play
with that title. The Masque ded. to Sir Fris. Bacon, was acted and printed
1612-13 > the Poems were printed 1640, 4to. ; 1653, 1660, 8vo.
The co-partnership between Beaumont and Fletcher makes it difficult to
give any satisfactory account of the former's individual compositions, and it
will be sufficient for the present purpose to refer the reader to Allibone and
other bibliographers, who have fully entered into the subject.
2. His portrait has been often engraved. " Francis Beaumont, Esq. ;
ob. an. setat. circa XXX. A.D. 1615. G. Vertue, sc. Celissimo
Principi Leonello Dtioi de Dorset, &c. Hanc Tabulam ad Arche-
typum in ipsius JEdibus Expressam." Oval frame, own hair,
whiskers and beard, lacca band, Arms. Again, mez. by J. Faber ; also with
Fletcher, Milton and Cowley, mez. by J. Simon; and in the set of Poets
1. fol., by G. Vertue.
Beaumont, Sir John, Bart., was the second son of Judge
Francis Beaumont, and an elder brother of Francis, the cele
brated dramatic poet. He was entered a gentleman commoner
of Broadgate Hall (now Pembroke College), Oxford, in 1596.
After some attention to the study of the law, he retired to
the family seat at Grace Dieu, Leicester, on the death of his
brother, Sir Henry Beaumont, Knt. In 1626 he was created
a baronet, a title which was enjoyed by his two sons in
succession.
Allibone, Bib. Diet. ; Wood, Athen. Oxon.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 163
1. The Crown of Thorns, a Poem in 8 Books. MS.
2. Bosworth Field, with a Taste of the Variety of other Poems,
left by Sir John Beaumont; set forth by his sonne, Sir John
Beaumont, Bart. Lond. 1629 ; sm. 8vo. Title, ded. to the King, Elegy,
&c., ii leaves. Poems B O, 208 pp.; pages 181 and 182 are missing in all
copies.
Reprinted in Chalmers's Edition of the Poets.
The poem of Bosworth Field was reprinted 1710, 8vo. In the Censura
Literaria will be found a poetical epistle " To his late Majesty (James I.)
concerning the true Forme of English Poetry," also found in the above vol.
These poems were published after Sir John's death by his son.
The chaste complexion of the whole shows that to genius he added virtue
and delicacy.
The work contains many original specimens of the heroic style, not
exceeded by any of his contemporaries, and the imagery is frequently just
and striking.
The lines describing the death of the tyrant may be submitted with con
fidence to the admirers of Shakespeare. The commendation of improving
the rhythm of the couplet is due also to Sir John.
The Poems of Sir John Beaumont, with his Life, were edited by A.
Chalmers, F.S.A., in "The Works of the English Poets," vol. vi. 1810, Svo.
The Poems of Sir J. B., Bart., for the first time collected and edited: with
memorial-introduction and notes. By A. B. Grosart, "The Fuller Worthies
Library," 1868, Svo.
Select Poems of Sir J. B., with a Life of the author, by E. Sanford,
" The Works of the British Poets," vol. v. 1819 ; I2mo.
Beaumont, Mary, Abbess O.S.B., a nun of the English
Benedictine Convent in Ghent, was permitted, in 1665, to found
a filiation at Ipres, accompanied by three ladies of the same
order, Flavia Gary, Helena White, and Viviana Eyre. The
Abbess Knatchbull, of the Benedictine Abbey at Ghent, had
always intended the Ipres house for a community of Irish Bene
dictine nuns ; and accordingly, in the year 1683, she invited
some of the Irish religious, professed in various monasteries of
the English Congregation, to the establishment at Ipres. From
that time it became an Irish establishment, removing to Dublin
in 1688, by invitation of James II., but returning to Ipres in
1690, where they afterwards remained.
Lady Mary Beaumont was living in 1672, and appears to
have been succeeded by the Abbess Margaret Markham.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Petre, Eng. Colleges and Convents.
Beche, or Beach, John, O.S.B., was the last Abbot of the
Monastery of St. John the Baptist, Colchester, in Essex, who-
M 2
164 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
opposed the Court measures against the Church with great
courage and resolution, and, refusing to subscribe to the king's
ecclesiastical supremacy, was condemned to die on that account.
He suffered at Colchester, Dec. i, 1539-
Stow, Chronicles ; Stephens, Monasteries ; Willis, Mitred
A bbeys.
Beckinsal, John, born at Broadchalk, in Wiltshire, was the
second son of John Beckinsal, of Hartley- Westpel, in Hamp
shire, originally descended from the Becconsalls of Becconsall
in Lancashire. He was educated at Winchester School, and
from thence removed to New College, Oxford, where he was
admitted Fellow, in 1520, and distinguished himself in all
branches of academical learning, but more especially in Greek.
He was carried with the stream in opposition to the See of
Rome during the reigns of Henry VIII. and Edward VI., but
returned to the faith under Queen Mary.
He read the Greek lesson for awhile in the University of
Paris during part of Edward VI. 's reign, and in his latter days
he retired to Sherborn, in Hampshire, where he died, Dec. 1559.
Dodd t Ch. Hist.
i. De supremo et absolute Begis Imperio. Lond. 1546; 8vo.
Reprinted, Francof, 1621.
Bedall, Thomas, priest, one of Queen Mary's clergy, was
seized in Yorkshire and committed to the prison called Ouse-
bridge Kidcote, where so many Catholics were confined. He
was afterwards removed to the prison of Hull Block-house,
where he died between 1580 and 1590. He had been a
prisoner from 1568.
Morris, Troubles, Third Series.
Bedingfleld, Charlotte Georgiana, Lady, was daughter
of Sir William Jerningham, Bart, of Cossey Park, Staffordshire,
and sister of George, Lord Stafford. She married June 1 7,
I 79S Sir Richard Bedingfeld, Bart, of Oxburgh Hall, Norfolk,
and, in Oct. 1831, obtained from the king the precedency
of a baron's daughter. She died July 29, 1854.
Burke, Baronetage ; HusenbetJi, Sermon*
i. Sermon by the Rev. F. C. Husenbeth, D.D., at the Funeral
of the Hon. Lady Bedingfeld. 1854. Svo.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 165
Bedingfeld, Edmund, Canon of Lierre, was the second
son of Sir Henry Bedingfeld, Knt, by his second wife Eliza
beth, daughter of Peter Houghton, Sheriff of London, and was
born at Oxburgh, Aug. 15, 1615. After making his humanity
studies at St. Omer's, and his philosophy at Liege, he returned
home in the hope of obtaining his parents' consent to become a
priest. Having obtained the desired permission with great
difficulty, he proceeded, after a stay of three months only, to
Seville, where he made his divinity studies and was ordained
priest at the end of four years. Proceeding to Rome, the Car
dinal Protector offered him many great preferments, but, hating
all honours, he went to Antwerp, where, in the convent of the
English Carmelites, many members of his family had devoted
themselves to God. He was asked as a great favour by the
Bishop to accompany a new foundation just starting for Lierre
from the Antwerp-house, until the Bishop could find a suitable
chaplain for the new colony. This was in 1648. He con
sented, intending only to remain for a few days, but God
disposed otherwise, and Mr. Bedingfeld, struck with the extreme
poverty of these poor nuns and their devotion to our Lady,
determined to continue, and to devote himself, his time, labour,
and fortune, in assisting the community both in temporals and
spirituals. He remained as their chaplain without stipend, and
at his death left all he possessed to the foundation. A few
years after he settled at Lierre, he was appointed Canon of the
Church of St. Gumar. He died Sept. 2, 1680, aged 65.
Foley, Records S.J., vol. v. p. 573.
1. The Life of M. Mostyn, Mother Margaret of Jesus, 1625-
1679. By E. Bedingfeld. Edited by Fr. H. J. Coleridge, SJ. Lond.
1872. Svo. Mother Margaret was the superioress, who, with her sister,
Mother Ursula, accompanied the nuns to their new foundation at Lierre.
4to., pp. 382. The original MS. was sold in Miss Hales' sale, 1880.
2. Amplicatie van het Advertissement van rechtor voor E. B.
qualitate qua Impetrant van Mandament van revisie, &c. (The
Hague), fol.
3. A life-size Portrait, in his dress of a canon, is preserved at Carmel
House, Darlington.
Bedingfeld, Edward, Esq., was the second son of Sir
Henry Bedingfeld, of Oxburgh, Bart, by Lady Elizabeth
Boyle, daughter of the Earl of Burlington, and was born in the
year 1730. He resided at York, and married Mary, daughter
166 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
of Sir John Swinburne, Bart., and was the father of several
children.
Burke, Baronetage.
i. A Hymn to the blessed Virgin Mary. York, 1797. i2mo.
Bedingfeld, Frances, Superioress of the Institute of the
B.V.M., was born in 1616, and was one of the daughters of
Francis Bedingfeld, of Redlingfield, co. Norfolk, Esq., by
Katharine, eldest daughter of John Fortescue, of London, Esq.,
and great-granddaughter of Margaret Plantagenet, Countess
of Salisbury. It is a most remarkable fact that the whole of
the twelve daughters of this match entered the religious state.
One, indeed, was married to Sir Alexander Hamilton, but
after his death was professed at the Augustinian Convent at
Bruges.
Of the eleven other daughters, whose memory is still held
in veneration by their respective communities, none probably
had so eventful and chequered a career as the subject of this
notice.
Being sent abroad to finish her education, Frances entered
the rising Institute of English Virgins, at Munich, where she
was professed in 1633.
This Order had been founded by Mary Ward, at St. Omer,
about the year 1603, from whence it removed, in 1629, to
Liege, but meeting with no countenance there, settled in Munich.
Here Frances Bedingfeld's elder sister, Winefrid, was the first
Superioress, and died Dec. 26, 1666, aged 5 5. Three years later
a little colony of " English Virgins," encouraged and probably
invited by Catharine of Braganza, queen of Charles II., arrived
in London in the year 1669. At their head was Mother
Frances Bedingfeld, who, at the time of her appointment to
the English mission, was Superioress of the mother-house at
Munich. For some years she remained in London with her
little community, which she established first in St. Martin's
Lane, then at Hammersmith, and opened a school for young
ladies.
On coming to England, Mrs. Bedingfeld, to avoid notice,
changed her name to " Long," and with her companions ex
changed the religious habit for a matronly dress, which was
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 1 67
worn by the Sisters in England for one hundred and twenty
years. Notwithstanding these precautions, the community
incurred the suspicion of the sharp-eyed pursuivants, and the
intrepid foundress was summoned to appear before the magis
trates, whom she astonished, during her examination, by her
firmness and prudent answers. Through the interest of her
family she was liberated, with the injunction that she was " no
longer to keep a priest or instruct youth." Faithful, however,
to her mission, she at once resumed her former manner of life,
constantly keeping a chaplain in the house, and continuing
her work of education. After this period the community at
Hammersmith v/as not again molested.
In 1677, responding to the entreaties of the Catholic nobility
and gentry, Mother Frances undertook a foundation in the
north, of which Sir Thomas Gascoigne was the munificent
patron. From 1677 till 1680, the northern colony settled
successively at Dolebank, near Fountain's Abbey, at Heworth,
near York ; then in the northern capital itself, in or near
Castlegate ; and finally, in a house on the site of the present
convent, outside Micklegate Bar.
From 1677 to 1686, Mother Frances had divided her time
between her two English communities, but in the last-named
year, leaving Mrs. Cicely Cornwallis in superiority at Hammer
smith, she settled at York, where she ranks as first Superioress
of that convent, which is thus, through her, in direct descent
from the mother-house at Munich. The existence of the York
community at that time was undoubtedly precarious. The
house was repeatedly searched and threatened with destruc
tion. In her 78th year, she and her niece, Mother Dorothy
Faston Bedingfeld, were cited to appear before the Mayor of
York, by whom the two religious were committed to Ouse-
bridge Gaol. Knowing the peril to which her imprisonment
exposed her community, the rev. mother wrote to the Arch
bishop of York, petitioning to be released. Through the
mediation of some influential persons in the city, who greatly
respected the " old lady," the prisoners were set at liberty, only,
however, to become the object of renewed persecution. In the
year 1695 an outbreak of popular anti-Catholic feeling again
threatened the house, but it providentially escaped destruction.
After four years of comparative peace, in obedience to the
intimation of the newly elected General Superioress, Mother
1 68 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Frances, in her 84th year, resigned her government of the
Sisters at York to her niece, Mother Dorothy Paston Beding-
feld, and returned to Munich.
The peaceful evening of her eventful life was closed in the
year 1704, when she was in her 88th year, just one year after
the approbation by Clement XL of the Rule of the Institute
which she had loved so well, and for which, in patient endurance
and meek heroism, she had prayed, and toiled, and suffered.
Uniting great firmness of character with equal gentleness
and simplicity, gifted with heroic fortitude, and burning with an
ardent zeal for the salvation of souls, Mother Bedingfeld was
from her entrance into religion an example of virtue.
Foley, Records S.J., vol. v. ; Petre, Notices Eng. Colleges and
Convents abroad.
Bedingfeld, Sir Henry, Knt., of Oxburgh Hall, Norfolk,
was twice married, first, to Elizabeth, daughter of Lord William
Howard, of Naworth Castle, Cumberland, ancestor of the Earls
of Carlisle ; and second, to Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress, of
Peter Houghton, Sheriff of London. He was an active and
zealous Royalist, and, during the Civil Wars, was made prisoner,
and was committed to the Tower, where he was confined for
nearly two years. He died soon after his release, Nov. 22,
1657, aged 70.
After the Restoration his only surviving son, Henry, laid
before the king, at his Majesty's own desire, a calculation of
the losses sustained by the family in the Royal cause, amounting
to the sum of ,47,194 iSs. Sd. Charles II., surprised at the
enormity of the amount, replied with concern that he was
unable to recompense him, to which Mr. Bedingfeld answered
that all he begged of his Majesty was that he might hope for
the future to enjoy in tranquillity the small remnant of his
fortune free from the penalties imposed upon Catholics. As
some recognition of these services, the king conferred upon him
the dignity of a Baronet, Jan. 2, 1661.
Sir Henry married Margaret, daughter and heiress of Edward
Paston, of Appleton, co. Norfolk, Esq., and died Feb. 24, 1685,
aged 80.
Amidst all his losses he had the happiness of living nearly
fifty years with a wife of extraordinary ability and prudence,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 169
who, besides the great fortune she brought, equalled him in all
his merits, aided him in all his afflictions, and when obliged to
fly beyond the seas, managed all his concerns with the greatest
prudence ; insomuch that Sir Henry himself declared with
his dying words, " thaf she had been a wife who had never
displeased him." Lady Bedingfeld survived her husband
eighteen years, which she passed in absolute retreat, in the
constant exercise of her devotions and daily distribution of
charity. She died Jan. 14, 1703, aged 84. Their son, Sir
Henry, second Baronet, was the chief favourite of the Duke of
Gloucester, and returning with him to England at the Restora
tion, was knighted shortly afterwards.
Neale's Mansions of Eng. ; Baronetage ; Kirk, Biog. Collec
tions, MSS.
Bedingfeld, Thomas, was the second son of Sir Henry
Bedingfeld, Knt, of Oxburgh, co. Norfolk, Privy Councillor to
Queen Mary, by Catharine his wife, daughter of John Towns-
end, Esq. /son and heir of Sir Roger Townsend, of Rainham,
Knt. He was an accomplished scholar, and in recognition of
his literary abilities was awarded a pension by Queen Eliza
beth. He died in 1613.
Burke, Baronetage.
1. Comforte, a translation from Cardan's Consolatorium. Lond.
1576. 4to.
2. The Art of Biding, a translation from Claudio Corte. Lond. 1584.
3. The History of Florence, a translation from Macchiavelli. Lond.
1595, fol.
Bedingfeld, Thomas. S.J., martyr ; vide Downes.
Beegan, Martin, a printer and publisher in Manchester,
issued many Catholic books in the beginning of this century.
In 1815, under the style of M. Beegan & Co., Catholic Printers
and Publishers, he published a fine edition of Ward's Cantos,
and in i 8 1 8 a Garden of the Soul.
Tiniperley, Typo. Diet.
i. The Manchester Magazine; or, Chronicle of the Times,
published monthly, by Joseph Hemingway and Martin Began.
Manchester, 1814, price is.
I/O BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Beesley, George, priest, martyr, was born at The Hill, in
Goosnargh, co. Lancaster, and was probably the brother of
Francis Beesley, gent, who suffered repeated fines for his re
cusancy between 1591 and 1607. The family possessed a
considerable estate in Beesley Tythe, in Goosnargh, and be
sides The Hill possessed an estate called The Brookes, in
Bleasdale.
Both these estates became vested in the Blackburnes, a
junior branch of the family of Stockenbridge, about the middle
of the seventeenth century, but whether by marriage or pur
chase has not been ascertained. The Hill is now the seat of
the Benedictine mission in Goosnargh.
George Beesley was ordained priest at the English College
at Rheims in 1587, and was sent upon the English mission in
the following year. He was a man of singular courage, young,
strong, and robust, before he fell into the hands of the per
secutors, but was so frequently and cruelly tortured by the
infamous Topcliffe, in order to oblige him to reveal the names
of Catholics, that he was reduced to a mere skeleton.
All these tortures he endured with invincible courage and
patience, and could not be induced to name any Catholic, or
bring any one into danger on his account. His condemnation
was merely for being a priest and remaining in England con
trary to the statute of 27 Eliz., and he was hanged, bowelled,
and quartered in Fleet Street, July 2, 1591.
He left behind him a brother of the same character, who
for many years after laboured on the mission in England.
CJialloner, Memoirs ; Recitsant Rolls ; &c.
Beesley, Richard, schoolmaster, a member of the ancient
Catholic family of that name in Lancashire, established a
flourishing school at Chelsea, and subsequently, in 1789, re
moved to the spacious mansion of Shrewsbury House, Isle-
worth, Middlesex. Four years later he relinquished the school
to his son Richard, who conducted it, with assistants, with
great success for several years. Mr. Beesley, senior, returned
to Lawrence Street, Chelsea, where he re-opened a boarding-
school which existed for some years.
Laity's Directories.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
Beeston, Robert, Father S.J., was born in Lincolnshire,
Aug. 25, 1656, or 1660. He was educated at St. Omer's
College, and entered the Society at Watten, Sept. 7, 1680.
He seems to have remained here for a number of years, after
which he was sent to the mission at Worcester, where he is met
with in 1702-3. He was recalled to Watten in 1708, and in
1711 was appointed Rector of the House of Tertians, Ghent,
and again returned to Watten. He was Provincial from
1721 to 1724, and died at St. Omer's College, Aug. 9, 1732,
aged 72.
Records S J., Collectanea.
i. Treatise on Devotion to the Sacred Heart of our Saviour,
J.C. 1711, I2mo., pp. 53, ded. to his esteemed friends, Mrs. S th, and
Mrs. Margaret S 1. Dr. Oliver appears to think he was the author of
this work.
Belchiain, Thomas, O.S.F., an eminent preacher, who
declaimed with great zeal and fearlessly denounced the vices of
the Court, especially the divorce, and the irreligious dispositions
of the men in power, who flattered the king in all his extrava
gances. For this he and about thirty other Franciscans were
thrown into prison, where they were all allowed to perish
through starvation and hard treatment. He died Aug. 3,
1537-
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Bonchier, Hist. Eccles. ; Certamen Seraph. ;
Waddingus, Script. Ord. Minor.
1. Liber ad Fratres.
2. Ecce qui mollibus vestiuntur, in domibus Regum sunt;
quo Henrici VIII. errores, vitiorumque labem damnat. The
MS. of which was in the hands of Dr. Bouchier, O.S.F., who intended to
publish it.
Bell, Arthur (Francis), O.S.F., was the son of William
Bell, of Temple Broughton, in the parish of Hanbury, six miles
from Worcester, and his wife Dorothy Daniel, of Acton Hall,
Suffolk, and was born Jan. 13, 1590. He was educated under
the care of his uncle, Francis Daniel, with whom he remained
until he was about twenty-four years of age, when he proceeded
to St. Omer's College to improve himself.
After about a year he travelled to Spain, and entered the
English College at Valladolid, where he was ordained priest.
1 7- BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
He was then admitted a novice in the Franciscan Order at
Segovia, Aug. 8, 1 6 1 8, and was sent to Douay to assist Fr.
Gennings in the establishment of the Franciscan convent in
that university, and became one of the chief instruments in the
happy restoration of the English Franciscan Province. He
was appointed confessor to the Poor Clares at Gravelines, in
1622, and was engaged in the same capacity to the nuns of
the Third Order of St. Francis at Brussels from 1623 to 1630,
where he introduced among them that methodical system of
keeping their annals which they have so exemplarily followed.
In the latter year, at the first general chapter of the restored
Franciscan Province of England, held in their convent of
St. Elizabeth at Brussels, he was appointed guardian of St.
Bonaventure's convent at Douay, with the charge of teaching
Hebrew. In 1632 he returned to England, and shortly after
wards was sent to Spain, but returned to England in Sept.
1634, where he laboured with the zeal of an apostle.
Shortly before his apprehension he was again chosen guar
dian or superior of the convent at Douay, the letters acquaint
ing him with his appointment actually being delivered to him
in Newgate.
He was seized at Stevenedge, in Hertfordshire, Nov. 6,
1643, an d was executed at Tyburn, Dec. 1 1, in the same
year, condemned for his priesthood only, in the 54th year
of his age, the 25th of his religious profession, and 9th of his
mission.
Mason, O.S.F. Certamen Seraphicum ; Challoncr, Memoirs ;
Dr. Oliver, Collections ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
1. The Rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, Brussels, 1624.
2. A brief Instruction how we ought to hear Mass. A Trans
lation from the Spanish of Andrew Soto. Brussels, 1624. Bed. to
Anne, Countess of Argyle.
3. The Historie, Life, and Miracles, Extacies and Revelations
of the Blessed Virgin, Sister Joane of the Crosse, of the third
order of our Holy Father S. Francis. Composed by the Rev.
Father, brother Anthonie of Aca. Translated out of Spanish
into English by Fr. Francis Bell of the same order, and dedicated
to Sisters Margaret and Elizabeth Radclifie, professed poore
dames of St. Clare. St. Omers, 1625, sm. 8vo., pp. 158.
4- The Testament of William Bel, Gentleman, left written in
his owne Hand : with Annotations at the End, and Sentences by
his Sonne, Francis Bel. Douay, Balthazar Bellin, 1632, I2mo.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 173
5. After his execution appeared
The Confession, Obstinacy, and Ignorance of Father Bell, a Romish
Priest, wherein is declared the manner of his Tryal, Condemnation, and
Execution on Monday, Dec. 10, 1643. Lond. 1643. 4to.
6. Portrait by Vosterman, published in the Certamen Seraphicum, a
rope about his neck, and a knife in his breast, sm. 4to.
Bell, James, priest, martyr, was born at Warrington, in
Lancashire, and was educated at Oxford, where he was ordained
priest in Queen Mary's reign.
When the religion of the nation was changed on the acces
sion of Elizabeth to the throne, he suffered himself, against his
conscience, to be carried away with the stream, and for many
years officiated as a minister in various places. At length,
however, he was reclaimed in 1581, through the remonstrances
of a Catholic matron, joined to a severe illness, with which
God was pleased to visit him, during which he was reconciled
to God and his Church. He had no sooner recovered his
health than he applied himself for some months to penitential
exercises, and afterwards resumed his priestly functions, labour
ing with all diligence for the souls of his neighbours for
the space of about two years. On Jan. 17, 1583, he was
apprehended in a search made for priests in the county of
Lancaster, and was brought before the Earl of Derby, to whom
he acknowledged himself to be a priest, and confessed that he
had been reconciled to the Catholic Church, after having a long
time gone astray. He was therefore committed to the gaol at
Salford, and was arraigned at the Manchester Sessions holden
on the 22nd arid 23rd of the same month. .He was condemned,
according to the statute, for saying Mass in Golborn, near
Manchester, upon St. John's-day in the previous month. It
seems very probable, from the report sent up to the Council of
the proceedings of the Quarter Sessions, that he was appre
hended in the act of saying Mass. He was sent back to the
Salford gaol, and from thence he was removed to Lancaster,
to be tried at the Lent Assizes, and during the journey, a
distance of nearly sixty miles by the road in those days, his
arms were tied behind him and his legs under the horse's belly.
He was arraigned, together with others, under the Act of
.Supremacy, and at his trial displayed great courage and reso
lution, boldly professing that he had been reconciled to the
Church, and that he did not acknowledge the Queen's eccle
siastical supremacy, but that of the Pope.
174 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Accordingly, he was sentenced to die, as in cases of high
treason. Upon hearing the sentence Mr. Bell displayed great satis
faction, and, looking at the Judge, said, " I beg your Lordship
would add to the sentence that my lips and the tips of my
fingers may be cut off, for having sworn and subscribed to the
articles of heretics, contrary both to my conscience and to God's
truth." He spent the following night, which was his last, in
prayer and meditation, and suffered on the ensuing day, April 20,
i 584, not only with great constancy, but with great joy, being
then 60 years of age.
Challoner, Memoirs, citing Bridgwater, Concertatio Ecclesicz ;
Dom. Eliz. vol. clxvii. Nos. 40 and 41, P.R.O.
Bell, John, priest, was a native of Snaith, in Yorkshire,
and was in his second year's theology at Douay when the
college was seized by the French revolutionists. After effect
ing his escape through many dangers and adventures, in April,
1793, he became tutor to the sons of John Silvertop, of Minster
Acres, Esq. When the refugees from Douay had established
themselves at Crook Hall, co. Durham, Mr. Bell rejoined his late
fellow-students, Nov. 7, 1794, and was followed by Henry
Silvertop, one of his pupils. He was ordained priest there,
Dec. 23, of that year, and was appointed Prefect-General of the
College, and for some years was Professor of Rhetoric and
Poetry. In 1 8 1 7 he left the college, which had been removed
in 1808 to the new building at Ushaw, and he was appointed
to the mission of Samlesbury, near Preston, in Lancashire.
He remained here until April, 1828, and then removed to
Kippax Park, in Yorkshire. At length, on account of his
advanced age, he retired from the mission, and resided at Selby,
where he died, May 31, 1854, aged 87.
CatJi, Mag. 1832; Rev. Gco. Leo Haydock, MS. ; Dr.
Gillow, Account of tJie breaking up of Douay and the establish
ment of the College at Crook Hall, MS. ; Abram, Hist, of Black
burn ; Cath. Miscel. 1827.
i. The Wanderings of the Human Intellect; or, A New Dic
tionary of the various Sects into which the Christian Religion, in
Ancient and Modern Times, has been divided. With an Impar
tial Discussion on the Merits of their respective Claims to Ortho-
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 175
doxy. To the above prefixed, An Introductory Essay on Univer
sal History, as well Civil as Ecclesiastical, from the much admired
Historical Discourse of the Learned Dr. Plaquet, in Front of his
valuable Dictionary of all Religions ; from which, and from other
equally respectable sources, the present work is compiled.
Lend. 1814. 8vo.
Second Edit. " Dictionary of all Religions, with an Essay on Ecclesias
tical History." Lond. 1839. Svo.
2. Lives of the Saints, selected and abridged from the original
work of the Rev. Alban Butler, and A Short View of the History
of the Church by R. Challoner, Bishop of Debra. Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, 1799. Svo. 3 vols.
Bell, "William, at an early age was placed in a grammar
school in Warwickshire, where he remained until he was
eighteen years of age. He was then sent to Baliol College,
Oxford, became a Fellow, and, after seven years' residence, was
admitted B.A. He was about to proceed M.A. when he was
accused of disaffection towards the new religion introduced by
the Queen. He therefore retired for a year, with the consent
of his college, in hopes of the accusation being forgotten, but
finding, at the end of that period, that the same impediment
presented itself, he quitted the University, and was received
into the house of Sir John Throckmorton, Chief Justice of the
Marches in Wales, with whom he resided in great favour during
twelve years, and then, chiefly by Sir John's persuasion, com
menced the study of the common law, and was admitted a
Fellow of Clement's Inn. The air of London not agreeing
with him, after two years' application to study, he returned to
the country, and through the influence of Sir John Littleton
was appointed Clerk of the Peace at Worcester, in which
position he acquired great credit for promptitude and exacti
tude in the discharge of his duties.
He had a high reputation as an orator, and when Queen
Elizabeth visited Worcester he delivered an address before
her Majesty, for which the city presented him with 20.
The Queen was so pleased with his discourse, that she also
ordered him to be rewarded, but Sir Robert Dudley informed
her Majesty that Bell was a Papist, so she revoked her order.
Shortly after he obtained this appointment, Sir John Throck
morton died, and bequeathed him the manor of Temple
Broughton, near Worcester, which enabled him to retire in
affluent circumstances. He married, at the age of forty
176 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Dorothy Daniel, of Acton Hall, Suffolk, and was the father of
Fr. Arthur Francis Bell, O.S.F., who was executed at Tyburn,
for his religious profession, in 1643.
He died in his 6oth year, June 29, 1598, and was buried
in the place where the high altar had stood in the parish church
of St. Mary, Hanbury.
Catholic Miscellany, vol. iv.
i. The Testament of William Bel, Gentleman, left written in
his owne Hand ; with Annotations at the End, and Sentences by
his sonne, Francis Bel. Douay, 1632. i2mo.
This will or testament is dated 1587, and is a curious document.
Bellamy, Jerome, Esq., of Uxenden Hall, near Harrow-
on-the-Hill, a few miles from London, belonged to a family
that had always been noted for its hospitality to missioners
and recusants. When the proclamation was issued against
those concerned in Babington's plot, three of their number,
Mr. Babington himself, Mr. Barnwell and Mr. Donne, aware of
Mr. Bellamy's disposition towards recusants and feeling assured
of his secrecy, sought refuge in his house, where they were
unfortunately discovered and apprehended. Mr. Bellamy was
consequently carried to prison along with them, and by a con
struction of the law made an accomplice. On this charge he
was indicted, Sept. 15, 1586, and, though he pleaded "not
guilty," he was condemned and executed on the 2ist of the
same month.
His general good character, and the fact that he was merely
accessary to the conspiracy through aiding and abetting the
refugees after the proclamation, made his case much lamented.
The Queen had wished that the conspirators might suffer some
kind of death more barbarous and excruciating than the usual
punishment for treason ; but when it was represented to her
that such an alteration would be illegal, she consented that the
law should have its course, on condition that the executions
were "protracted to the extremitie of payne," in the full sight
of the people. On the first day, the 2Oth September, she was
obeyed, but the youth, the rank, and the demeanour of the
sufferers, so powerfully excited the pity, and the barbarity of
the punishment, the horror of the spectators, that it was deemed
prudent to concede something to public feeling, and on the
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 177
next morning the remaining seven, including Mr. Bellamy, were
allowed to expire on the gallows, before their bodies were sub
jected to the knife of the executioner. Bellamy's brother had
died in prison, and Mrs. Bellamy escaped, because she had
been indicted, perhaps purposely, by the name of Elizabeth,
instead of Catharine.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Lingard, Hist, of Eng.
Bellasis, Edward, Serjeant-at-Law, was born October 1 4,
1800, and was the son of the Rev. George Bellasis, D.D., of
Queen's College, Oxford, Rector of Yattendon, and Vicar of
Basilden and Ashampstead, co. Berks, by his second wife, Leah
Cooper, only surviving child and heiress of Emery Viall, of
Walsingham, co. Norfolk, Esq. As a lawyer, Mr. Serjeant
Bellasis was engaged almost entirely before the Parliamentary
Committees, and soon obtained a high reputation, but it is
to theological matters that most of his publications have
reference.
He followed the course of the Tractarian Movement with
much interest and sympathy. In several visits to Oxford
University he became acquainted with Newman, Pusey, Arch
deacon Manning, Dr. Ward, and Mr. Oakeley, of whom, as
incumbent of Margaret Street Chapel, he was a zealous
parishioner and supporter.
In 1847 the Serjeant took up his pen in support of his
religious opinions, and was soon engaged in controversy with
Cardinal Wiseman and others, which speedily resulted in his
conversion, and he was received into the Church by Fr. Brown-
bill, S.J., under the advice of Cardinal Wiseman, Sept. 28,
1850. From this time he became an active defender of the
Catholic cause.
As a magistrate for Middlesex and Westminster, Mr.
Serjeant Bellasis, in conjunction with Mr. Swift, was indefati
gable in the matter of securing Catholic chaplains for Catholic
prisoners, and had to contend with strong prejudice against
this act of justice.
He and Mr. Hope Scott, Q.C., as trustees of Bertram, seven
teenth and last Catholic Earl of Shrewsbury, defended the
rights of Lord Edmund Fitzalan-Howard, a minor, against
Earl Talbot, who claimed both the old title and the estates.
VOL. i. N
178 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Eventually, however, in 1866, they only secured certain
entailed portions of the property for their client.
He died Jan. 24, 1873, aged 72.
MS. Autobiography, &c., in possession of the Serjeant's
family.
1. House of Commons Speech, before the Committee on the
Manchester and Cheshire Junction Railway, in summing up the
case on the part of the Manchester South Union Railway Co.
Lond. 1836. Svo.
2. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, and the
Petition for a Church Tribunal in lieu of it : A Letter by an
Anglican Layman. Lond. 1850. pp. 16. Published anonymously.
3. Convocations and Synods, are they the Remedies for exist
ing Evils? A second Letter by an Anglican Layman. Lond. 1850.
8vo., pp. 16.
4. The Archbishop of Westminster, a Remonstrance with the
Clergy of Westminster, from a Westminster Magistrate. Lond.
1850. 8vo., pp. 22. A protest against the outcry on the re-establishment of
the Catholic Hierarchy.
5. The Anglican Bishops versus the Catholic Hierarchy; a
Demurrer to further Proceedings. Lond. 1851. 8vo., pp. 16. In
which he collected from the Protestant Bishops' charges nearly 200 passages
of invective against the Church, and commented on their attitude in trenchant
language.
6. Anglican Orders, by an Anglican, since become a Catholic.
Lond. Svo., pp. 15. The Serjeant had written, in 1847, four letters on the
question of Barlow's Episcopal consecration, which were printed in a news
paper, and long subsequently privately reprinted under the above heading.
7. Preliminary Dialogues between two Protestants approaching
the Catholic Church. Lond. 1861. 8vo., pp. 66. Being the substance
of conversations on religious topics between himself and his wife, written
about 1850. The dialogues, twelve in number, were between " Philotheus
and Eugenia," and were published anonymously.
8. A dialogue on the Jesuits, the thirteenth, in addition to the
above series, with the authorship avowed, appeared in the " Messenger of the
Sacred Heart," and also separately. Lond. sm. 8vo., pp. 16.
9. Other dialogues of the same kind remain in MS. in the Serjeant's
family.
10. His Autobiography, MS.
Bellasys, John, Lord, Baron of Worlabye, was the second
son of Thomas, first Viscount Falconberg, by Barbara, daughter
of Sir Henry Cholmondeley, of Roxby, co. York, Knt. and
Bart. During the Civil War he raised a regiment of foot,
joined the king at Nottingham, and was engaged in the battles
of Kynton, Brentford, Newbury, and the storming of Bristol, for
which he was created Baron of Worlabye in the 20 Charles I.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 179
He was also appointed Lord-Lieutenant of the counties of
York, Nottingham, Lincoln, and Derby, Governor of the city
of York and of the garrison of Newark-upon-Trent, and
Captain-General of his Majesty's Guards.
After the Restoration, Charles II. appointed him Captain-
General of the forces in Africa and Governor of Tangier ;
and he was also Lord-Lieutenant of the East Riding of York,
Governor of Hull, and Captain of the Guard of Gentlemen
Pensioners to his Majesty. When the Catholic interest began
to decline at Court, some time after the Restoration, he was
obliged to resign all his offices ; and later, when the infamous
Titus Gates included the name of Lord Bellasys in the narra
tive of his pretended Catholic plot, in the year 1678, his
lordship was committed to the Tower, with other Catholic
noblemen, and there detained until released by James II.,
who in 1686 appointed him one of the Commissioners of the
Treasury.
Lord Bellasys was thrice married ; first, to Jane, daughter
and heir of Sir Robert Butler, of Woodhall, in Gloucestershire,
by whom he had one son, Henry (who was made a Knight of
the Bath at the coronation of Charles II.), and one daughter,
Mary, wife of Viscount Dunbar ; secondly, to Anne, daughter
and co-heir of Sir Robert Crane, of Chilton, in Suffolk, relict of
Sir William Airmerie, of Osgodby, Lincolnshire ; and thirdly,
to Lady Jane, daughter of John, Marquis of Winchester, by
whom he had four daughters.
The title became extinct upon the death of his grandson
Henry, third Baron Bellasys of Worlabye.
Lord Bellasys died in 1689.
Dodd, C/i. Hist.
i. Portrait, in a square frame, bearing his arms and a long inscription,
A. Van Dyck, pinx. ; R. White, sculp.; published in Guillim's Heraldry, 1644.
Bellasys, Sir Rowland, was the son of Thomas, first
Lord Falconberg, and younger brother of Thomas, created
Earl Falconberg in the first year of the reign of William III.
His mother was Grace, daughter of Thomas Barton, of Smithels
Hall, Lancashire, Esq.
He was created a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of
Charles II., and married Anne, eldest daughter and eventually
sole heiress of James Davenport, of Sutton, co. Chester, Esq.,
N 2
I So BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
by whom he had four sons, Thomas, Henry, John, and Rowland,
and two daughters, Anne and Mary.
The eldest son, Thomas, succeeded his uncle as Viscount
Falconberg, the earldom becoming extinct, and married Bridget,
daughter of Sir John Gage, of Furle, near Lewes, in Sussex, one
of the co-heirs to Mr. Middlemore, of Edgbaston, co. Warwick,
by whom he had a large family. His eldest son, Thomas,
third Viscount Falconberg, born April 27, 1698, unfortunately
conformed to the Established Church, and was soon after
created Earl Falconberg of Newborough, and died in 1774.
Sir Rowland Bellasys died in 1699. His fourth son,
Rowland, married Frances, daughter of Christopher, Lord
Teynham, by whom he had a son, Anthony Bellasys, a
merchant at Leghorn, who married Susannah, daughter of
John Clarvet, Esq., and had issue Rowland, who succeeded
his kinsman, Henry, second Earl and fifth Viscount Falcon
berg, to the latter title and the baronetcy only, and died s.p.
in 1810; and Charles Bellasys, D.D., of the Sorbonne, who
succeeded his brother as eighth Baronet and seventh Viscount
Falconberg, at whose decease at Lancaster, in 1815, the Barony
and Viscountcy of Falconberg and the ancient Baronetcy became
extinct.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Collins, Peerage.
Belson, John, Esq., was much esteemed for his know
ledge in history and the abilities he displayed in controversy,
in which he assisted White, Austin, Thomas Blount, Sergeant,
and other distinguished writers of his day. He was still alive
at the time of the revolution of 1688.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
i. Tradidi Vobis, or the Traditionary Conveyance, 1662, 8vo.,
against "A Discourse of the Infallibility of the Church of Rome," by Lucius
Gary, Viscount Falkland.
Belson, Thomas, martyr, was a gentleman born at Brill,
the family seat in the county of Oxford. He was at the
College at Rheims in i 584, departing from thence for England,
April 5, in that year. In 1589 he was apprehended in the
house of a pious Catholic widow, who kept the St. Catherine's
Wheel, in Oxford. He had come to visit his confessor,
George Nicols, a Douay priest, when the officers of the Uni
versity broke into the house at midnight, and seized Mr. Belson,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. l8l
Mr. Nicols, Richard Yaxley, another Douay priest, and
Humphrey ap Richard, a servant of the inn.
The next morning they were examined concerning their
religion, and they all readily answered they were Catholics,
and on further pressure Mr. Nicols confessed he was a priest.
Subsequently they were sent to London, and after examina
tion by Walsingham and the Council, and repeated tortures in
Bridewell and the Tower, they were ultimately conducted back
to Oxford to be tried at the assizes there.
The two priests were condemned on account of their priestly
character, and Mr. Belson and the servant were convicted for
aiding and assisting the priests, and were, on that account,
sentenced to die, as in the case of felony.
Accordingly the priests were hanged, drawn, and quartered,
and the laymen hanged, at Oxford, July 5, 1589.
At the execution, after the two priests were dead, Mr.
Belson was ordered up the ladder to finish his course. He
first embraced the dead bodies of his pastors, which were then
in process of quartering, and begged the intercession of their
happy souls, that he might have the grace to imitate their
courage and constancy. He added that he considered himself
very happy in having had the privilege of being their ghostly
child, and that he was now to suffer with them, and should so
soon appear before the Almighty in such good company. In
this spirit he cheerfully delivered his body to the executioner,
and his soul to his Maker.
Challoner, Memoirs ; Douay Diaries.
Bennet, Henry, Earl of Arlington, was the second son of
Sir John Bennet, of Arlington, in Middlesex, by Dorothy,
daughter of Sir John Croft, of Sexham, in Suffolk. He was
educated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he took degrees and
exhibited considerable genius for poetry. In the beginning of
the Civil War he was made under-secretary to George, Lord
Digby, Chief Secretary of State, and afterwards he volunteered
in the Royal army and distinguished himself in a sharp engage
ment, near Andover, in Hampshire. On the failure of the
Royal cause he retired abroad, visiting Italy and other
countries, and omitting no opportunity of improving himself in
his travels. He returned to the Royal exiles in Flanders, and
was appointed secretary to the Duke of York, and the King
1 82 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
conferred upon him the honour of knighthood at Bruges, in
1658. Shortly afterwards he was sent to Spain, to represent
the King's interest at that Court, where he remained until the
Restoration.
Echard states that it was during this time that he secretly
espoused the Catholic cause and exerted his influence with con
siderable effect to induce the King to embrace Catholicity, the
year before his restoration, at Fontarabia. No sooner was
Charles II. established on the throne than he ordered Sir Henry
to return from Spain, and on his arrival at Court he was received
with marked favour. He was first made Privy Purse, and, in Oct.
1662, principal Secretary of State. In the following year he
was created Baron Arlington, of Arlington, in Middlesex, and in
April, 1672, he was elevated into the title of Earl of Arlington.
The same year he received the Garter, and conjointly with
the Duke of Buckingham was sent as ambassador extraordinary
and plenipotentiary to conclude peace with the King and the
States of Holland.
In 1673 he was one of the three plenipotentiaries sent to
Cologne to mediate between the Emperor and the King of
France, and in the following year he was made Lord High
Chamberlain of the King's household, in which he was con
firmed by James II. on succeeding to the throne. He died,
July 28, 1685, acknowledging himself a Catholic, though we
are told by Echard and other historians that in his latter days
he had endeavoured to strike in with the Protestant party, and
had even done all he could to prosecute Catholics and oppose the
French interest, which made the King regard him with coldness.
If this is truly represented, it must be interpreted as a political
move to secure his own and the King's popularity, nothing
unusual to politicians who can smother their consciences under
a reserve. He did not escape the favourite's fate ; as he had been
instrumental in Lord Clarendon's disgrace, so was he supplanted
by the Earl of Danby, who had made him a tool in some of his
policy, especially in espousing the Protestant interest more than
he had intended. However, his last moments were better
employed, and there is little doubt he died in regret for much
of his life.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
i. Letters to Sir William Temple, Bart., 1665-70, giving a
perfect account of the Treaties of Munster, Breda, Aix-la-
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 183
Chapelle, and the Triple Alliance, &c., Vol. I. Letters to Sir
Rich. Fanshaw, the Earl of Sandwich, the Earl of Sunderland,
and Sir Wm. Godolphin, during their respective Embassies
in Spain, 1664-74; as also to Sir Robert Southwell, in Portugal.
Lond. 1701, 8vo., 2 vols. pp. 454 and 480; pub. by Thomas Babington.
Translated into French, Utrecht, 1701-1706. I2mo., 2 pts.
These letters afford an insight into the secret and obscure management of
affairs during the above interesting periods.
2. Letters to Sir B. G-ascoign about the intended match of the
Duke of Yorke with the Archdutches of Inspruck. Letters of
State to the Duke of Ormond, as likewise to the Duke of
Buckingham, &c. Lond. 1702. 8vo.
3. Original letters and negotiations of Sir R. Fanshaw, the
Earl of Sandwich, &c., with the several letters and answers
of the Lord Chancellor Hyde, the Lord Arlington, &c. 1724. Svo.
4. Letters from the Secretaries of State (i.e. the Earl of Arling
ton, H. Thynne, &c.) in the reign of King Charles the Second,
to F. Parry, c. Lond. 1817. Svo.
5. T. Clifford's Engelse en Schotse gravaminses beneffens
des parlaments proceeduerentegen de Lords Arlington, Buck
ingham en Lauderdale, &c. 1674. 410.
Bennett, Edward, divine, brother of John Bennett, re
ceived minor orders at Douay College (then at Rheims), in
1590, from whence he was sent to the English College, Rome,
where he was admitted June 28, 1591. Here he was ordained
priest, March 12, 1594, and was sent to the English mission
Dec. 1 6, 1597. He was soon apprehended and imprisoned
with the other priests in Wisbeach Castle. He was one of
the thirty-three clergymen, mostly confined in Wisbeach, who
signed the Appeal, Nov. 17, 1600, against Blackwell, the Arch-
priest, and he took an active part in the Archpriest Controversy,
though no work bears his name. Later he acquired a great
reputation amongst the secular clergy, and was also much
respected by the regulars, .especially the Benedictines.
In 1621, shortly before the death of Dr. Harrison, the third
and last Archpriest, whose own experience, and the desire of
the Catholic body, was in favour of the appointment of a
bishop in place of an archpriest, Mr. John Bennett was sent to
Rome to urge the Holy See to nominate a bishop for England.
Panzani says that this demand was secretly made, under pre
tence of seeking a dispensation for marriage between the sister
of the King of Spain and Prince Charles, afterwards King of
England. William Bishop and Edward Bennett were nomi
nated with others for this dignity. Mr. Bennett was considered
184 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
a most eligible candidate, for though 68 years of age, he was
in possession of full vigour, and was in a position to sup
port the dignity out of his own ample patrimony. But the
selection fell upon William Bishop. In 1635, Mr. Bennett was
elected Dean of the Chapter, on the death of Mr. John Colleton,
in which dignity he died in 1637.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Memoirs of Panzani ; Mazierc Brady,
Episcopal Succession ; Sergeant, Account of tJie Chapter ; Foley,
Roman Diary.
Bennett, John, divine, was the brother of Edward
Bennett, of the diocese of St. Asaph, in Wales, and nephew of
John Bennett, son of Hugh John Bennett, of Brencanellan,
co. Flint, who, after being ordained priest at Douay, became a
Jesuit, and was known by the names of Price, Floyd, and
Baker. John Bennett went to Douay in 1588, and two years
later went to Spain, where he was probably ordained.
After coming on the mission he was apprehended, and
confined with the other priests in Wisbeach Castle. Here he
took an active part in what is known as the Archpriest Contro
versy. Twenty years later, in 1621, when the clergy were
again petitioning the Pope for the appointment of a bishop,
Mr. Bennett was despatched to Rome as their agent, his com
mission being signed by John Colleton. He was joined by
William Farrar, a clergyman of undoubted character and
Protonotarius Apostolicus. They arrived at Douay, Sept. 30, on
their way to Rome. Their injunctions were in the first place
to petition for a bishop, and secondly to adduce reasons for
granting a dispensation for the proposed match between Prince
Charles and the Infanta of Spain. Mr. Bennett remained in
Rome until the restoration of episcopal government was arranged,
when he returned to Paris with instructions to wait upon Dr.
Bishop, on whom it was decided to confer the episcopal dignity.
After the bishop's consecration, they both proceeded to Douay
on their way to England, in July, 1623, where Mr. Bennett
spent the remainder of his days.
The result of this agency gained him great reputation with
his brethren, who had previously met with so many repulses in
the same cause.
Dodd, C/i. Hist. ; Douay Diaries ; Tierneys Dodd t vol. iii.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 185
1. The Hope of Peace. By Laying open such doubts and
manifest untruths as are divulged by the Archpriest in his
Letter or Answer to the Bookes which were published by
the Priests. Franckford, by the heires of D.Turner. 1601. 4to.,
pp. 45. The preface of this work is signed J. B. It contains copies of
Blackwell's letters of April, 1599, Feb. 21, and March 2, 1600, &c. Incidentally
it alludes to " An Appeale," which Blackwell in his letter to a Laie Gentle
man, dated April 16, 1601, terms a seditious pamphlet. This was the Appeal
of the thirty-three Clergymen against Blackwell, dated from Wisbeach,
Nov. 17, 1600. At the end of the work, Bennett says, " after J that
this answere to M. Blackwell his Letter was printed, an other copie
of the same letter came to our sight, which hath caused us to amend the first
copie by way of errata," &c. ; one page of additional matter is therefore
added. Bennett was no doubt assisted in this work by several of the Appel
lant clergy in Wisbeach. Persons replied to it with his Appendix to the
Apologie, in which he remarks that the book bears the imprint of Frankfort,
whereas it is known to have been printed at London by favour of Bancroft,
Bishop of London, and the permission of the pursuivants. Vide, for Archpriest
Controversy, Xfer. Bagshaw, W. Bishop, G. Blackwell, T. Bluet, J. Mush,
Ant. Rivers, S. J., W. Watson, &c.
2. A Censure upon the Letter which P. Parsons writ, 9 Oct.
1599, to Dr. Bishop and Mr. Charnock, printed in Copies of Discourses,
by Dr. Bishop, in 1601.
3. Summarium informationis de Congregatione Thomae Worth-
ington in Anglia. MS. 2 pp. Old Chapter Archives, Spanish Place,
5th Report, Hist. MSS. Com.
4. Narratio historica, ea summatim complectens quse ab initio
regni Elizabethse ad religionem et jurisdictionem in Clero
Anglicano ad prsesentem annum 1621 declarandum spectare
videntur. Auctore Joanne Bennetto, Sacerdote Anglo. MS.
2 copies. Old Chapter Archives.
Bental, Gassy, a colonel in the Royal army in the time
of Charles I., who was killed at Stow-on-the-Wold, Glou
cestershire.
Lord Castlemain, CatJi. Apology.
Bentney, "William, Father S.J., alias Bennet, was a
native of Cheshire, born in 1609. He entered the Society of
Jesus in 1630-1, and was sent to the English mission in 1640.
A victim of the Gates Plot, he was betrayed and arrested, and
committed to Leicester Gaol. As no one in the county could
be found to appear against him, being so universally esteemed,
he was removed to Derby for trial, and at the Spring Assizes,
March, 1682-3, he was called to the bar, tried for high treason
for being a priest and a Jesuit, and condemned to death. The
1 86 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
sentence, however, was respited, and he was remanded back to
Leicester Gaol. It is most probable that he was released on
the accession of James II., in 1685, but was a second time
arrested, tried, and condemned to death in the persecution
which followed the Orange Revolution of 1688. He died, a
confessor of the faith, in Leicester Gaol, Oct. 3 (or 30), 1692,
in his 84th year.
Foley, Records S.J. Collectanea.
Bere, John, martyr, was one of the nine Carthusians from
the Charterhouse starved to death in Newgate, in 1537, for
refusing to acknowledge the king's spiritual supremacy.
Lewis, Sanders Angl. ScJiisin ; Morris, Troubles, First Series.
Berington, Charles, D.D., Bishop of Hierocaesarea, was
the third son of Thomas Berington, of Moat Hall, Salop, by
his wife Anne, daughter and heiress of Mr. Bates, of Stock
Hall, in Essex.
The Beringtons were a very ancient Shrewsbury family, and
several of them were eminent physicians ; indeed, during the
last century, the town of Shrewsbury was seldom without a
physician of the name of Berington.
Their residence was in Berington Square, afterwards called
St. Alkmund's Square, and it was in the chapel in this house
that the Catholics of the town were enabled to hear Mass.
The Beringtons of Winsley, in Herefordshire, were a different
family, though allied to this by the marriage of Anne, daughter
of John Berington, of Winsley, Esq., with Thomas Berington,
of Moat Hall, co. Salop, Esq., in the latter half of the seven
teenth century.
Charles Berington was born in 1748, at Stock Hall, in Essex,
where his family had removed in the reign of George II., from
Moat Hall, near Hanwood. He went over to Douay College
in Aug. 1761, and thence proceeded to St. Gregory's at Paris,
in Oct. 1765, to study philosophy and divinity. Here he was
ordained priest, in 177 5, and took his degree of D.D. of the
Sorbonne in the following year. He then came on the mission
and was placed at Ingatestone Hall, in Essex, where he re
mained until he accepted the appointment of tutor to the
young Mr. Giffard of Chillington, with whom he travelled for
about two years through France, Italy, and Germany. On his
return to England, he was elected coadjutor to Bishop Thomas
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 187
Talbot, of the Midland district, and was consecrated at Long-
birch to the See of Hierocaesarea, Aug. I, 1786.
When the Catholic Committee (afterwards resolved into the
Cis-Alpine Club) was formed in 1783 to watch over the con
cerns of the Catholic body > and to procure the repeal of the
Penal Laws, Bishop Berington, with Bishop James Talbot and
the Rev. Joseph Wilks, formed the ecclesiastical portion of the
Committee. With them was also associated his relative, the
Rev. Joseph Berington, with whom he resided for some time at
Old Oscott, and they were the principal clergy who supported
that Society from its commencement.
The Bishop signed the " Protest " and otherwise identified
himself with a party whose policy was at variance with that of
the Vicars Apostolic as well as of the Court of Rome. The
Catholic Committee made efforts, in 1790, to obtain the trans
lation of Bishop Berington to the London district, on the
death of Bishop James Talbot, but failed. The Holy See re
garded with suspicion the defender of the condemned " oath,"
and declined to promote him. Party feeling ran very high,
and many of the clergy held Bishop Berington in great dislike.
Fr. Robert Plowdon, S.J., who was chaplain of St. Joseph's,
Bristol, in 1795, when Bishop Thomas Talbot died, went so
far as to prevent Bishop Berington from saying Mass in
suffrage for the soul of the friend and bishop to whom he had
been coadjutor. It was rumoured that the other Vicars Apos
tolic approved the conduct of Fr. Plowdon, whose chapel was
situated within the district of Bishop Walmesley. But the
Holy See had never pronounced against Bishop Berington, and
it was judged by calmer heads that in this case zeal was not
confined within just limits.
Upon the accession, in 1795, of Bishop Berington to the
Vicariate, for he had been elected coadjutor aim jure successionis,
the Holy See required of him, as an indispensable condi
tion for the despatch of the extraordinary faculties usually
conceded to Vicars Apostolic, that he should renounce the
condemned OatJi and the Blue-Books, and retract his subscrip
tion to them. A long correspondence between the Bishop
and Propaganda ensued before he could be induced to sign a
satisfactory form of retractation.
In 1797, Cardinal Gerdil, Prefect of the Propaganda, signi
fied to the senior Vicar Apostolic, Bishop Walmesley, that if it
1 88
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
met the approbation of the Vicars Apostolic, he would recom
mend Mr. John Milner to be coadjutor to Bishop Berington,
that he might exercise those faculties which were withheld from
that Bishop, owing to his refusing the required retractation. One
of the Vicars Apostolic objected to this arrangement, because
he still hoped that Bishop Berington would yield. At last,
after an interchange of letters, for a space of nearly three years,
between Cardinal Gerdil, Bishop Berington, and Mgr. Charles
Erskine (afterwards Cardinal), the negotiation was virtually ter
minated on Oct. 1 1, 1797, on which day the Bishop signed, at
Wolverhampton, the retractation which was required of him.
The papers containing the faculties were sent from Rome, and
reached the hands of Bishop Douglass, the Vicar Apostolic in
London, June 5, 1798 ; but, on the 8th, Bishop Berington died
without having received them.
Some time previously, in his confirmation progress through
Norfolk, his horse came down, and his collar-bone was broken,
but it was not discovered until some days after the accident.
He then went to Ingatestone, where his brother Thomas had
succeeded him, and was long seriously ill. Indeed, he never
recovered from the shock his constitution, otherwise very robust,
suffered from that accident. Not long after he had the misfor
tune to sleep in a damp bed in Worcestershire, where he was
giving confirmation, which was followed by a rather severe
illness, and on June 8, 1798, he died, almost suddenly, of
a fit of apoplexy. On the preceding day, the feast of
Corpus Christi, he had said Mass as usual, and on the fatal
day itself had assisted at the Mass of his chaplain.
" Endowed," says Bishop Milner, " with superior talents and
the sweetest temper, he wanted the firmness requisite for the
episcopal character in those times, to stem the tide of irre
ligious novelty and lay influence, and so lent his name and
authority to the Oath and the Blue-Books, and to every other
measure which his fellow-committee-men deemed these might
serve."
The Gentleman s Magazine describes him : " A prelate whose
amiable virtues gave an impressive charm to the truths of reli
gion ; a scholar of great classical tastes ; a man whose judgment
was profound, whose manners were peculiarly conciliating, and
whose hilarity of conversation rendered him the delight of
society."
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 189
Maziere Brady, Epis. Succession ; Owen & Blakezvay, Hist,
of Shreivsbury ; Cath. Mag. 1832; Burke, Commoners.
\. Letter to the Catholic Committee, Nov. 4, 1790.
2. Interesting correspondence between Bishop Berington and Propa
ganda. MSS.
Berington, Joseph, Rev., was born at Winsley, in Here
fordshire, Jan. 1 6, 1743. He was the son of John Berington,
of Winsley, and Devereux Wootton, Esq., by Winifred, daughter
of John Hornyold, of Blackmore Park, Esq., whose father,
John Berington, had married Ann, daughter of Rowland
Andrews, of Winsley, Esq. The Beringtons of Winsley, and
their relatives and namesakes of Moat Hall, in Shropshire,
always ranked amongst the most respectable Catholics in their
respective counties.
Having learnt his rudiments at home, he was placed, for a
twelvemonth, under the care of his relation, Bishop Hornyold,
at Longbirch, and, when eleven years of age, was sent to the
preparatory school at Esquerchin, and from thence to the
College at Douay, where he was admitted, Aug. 2, 1755. Here
he was ordained and remained as a professor for some years,
and was made Licentiate of Divinity of the University of
Douay in 1770. Whilst Professor of Philosophy at Douay
College he published, in 1771, "Theses ex Logica et Psycho-
logia," which caused considerable stir, owing to his rejection
of the old and adoption of the new system of metaphysics ; to
the boldness of some of his opinions ; and not a little, perhaps,
to his manner of answering his opponents in a public dispu
tation. In 1772, at the end of the course of philosophy
which he had been teaching, he left Douay, and returned to
England.
For some time he resided as chaplain with his own family
at Winsley, but in 1775 he took charge of the Wolverhampton
mission. At the close of the following year he resigned this
charge, and went to reside with his friend, Mr. Stapleton, at
Carlton, in Yorkshire, to allow himself more leisure for literary
pursuits. About 1782 he left Carlton to travel with Mr. Miles
Stapleton. They passed two years abroad, and visited the
principal parts of France, and about the Rhine, where he
acquired that knowledge of the German language which he
so highly prized through life. On his return to England, in
1785, Bishop Talbot gave him the charge of the mission at
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Oscott, its solitude and quiet being favourable to study, and
the smallness of the congregation affording ample time for
literary pursuits. Soon afterwards his relative, Dr. Charles
Berington, coadjutor to Bishop Talbot, came to reside with
him. It was here Mr. Berington wrote the greater part of his
works. In May, 1793, he was induced to leave his retirement
at Oscott, and remove to Buckland, the seat of his friend, Sir
John Throckmorton, Bart.
Some years previous to this, in 1783, a Committee as
sembled, consisting of five laymen, stating themselves to be " the
Committee appointed to manage the public affairs of the
Catholics of this kingdom," and Mr. Berington was one of the
few priests who seem from the very first to have sanctioned
and assisted them. Two years later the Committee, out
stepping its proper limits in its zeal to enlighten Protestants,
laid for signature before the Catholic public, both lay and
clerical, what was not unreasonably denominated a " doctrinal
test." It was the exposition of Catholic principles, with
reference to God and the country, which Mr. Berington had
just republished, though with great alterations, from a collection
of old anonymous tracts in his " Reflections " addressed to the
Rev. J. Hawkins. This raised the decided opposition of the
bishops, and there can be no doubt but that this exposition
would have been chosen by the lay theologians of the Com
mittee, instead of what is called the Protestation, as the test of
Catholic religious and civil principles. The consequence was
that an Episcopal Synod pointed out and censured a number
of errors in three of his works, the above " Reflections," the
" State and Behaviour of Catholics/' and the " History of
Abeillard and Heloisa." Bishop Douglass, therefore, deprived
him of his faculties in the London district, for though he did
not really belong to that district, he then resided in it.
In 1797, his Letter to Bishop Douglass was considered by
that prelate a sufficient retractation of the objectionable passages,
and his faculties were restored to him. Afterwards this retracta
tion was considered illusory, and Dr. Douglass again suspended
him until Mr. Berington had subscribed, Feb. 13, 1801, to a
more ample and formal retractation.
His love of novelty and of the affected liberality of the day
created great prejudice against his writings, which, however,
was considerably removed before his death. If we may believe
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
his warm but conscientious opponent, the Rev. Charles
Plowdon, S.J., he had, for the strong manifestation of such a
spirit in his " Theses ex Logica et Psychologia," been removed
from his chair as a professor at Douay,
He died at Buckland, Dec. I, 1827, aged 85. His writings,
both religious and historical, many of the latter being of great
value, are marked by extent of research, depth of thought, and
energy of expression.
Mr. Rawbone, Vicar of Buckland, says that here, " for the
long period of thirty-four years, this truly venerable man dis
charged his sacred functions in so even and upright a manner
as to merit and secure the affections of those over whom he
had the charge, and at the same time to avoid giving offence
to his Protestant brethren ; to all he was equally kind, bene
volent, and bountiful. Sincere, pious, just, and true, he walked
through his pilgrimage on earth respected and beloved, and it
may be doubted whether his loss is most regretted by those
under his own charge, or by the Protestants of Buckland and
its neighbourhood."
Providence had blessed him with a constitution naturally
strong, and by great regularity and abstemiousness he so pre
served it that he never experienced any illness till that which
put an end to his life.
Mr. Berington was an amiable man in society, an accom
plished gentleman, a distinguished scholar, and, which is of
infinitely more importance, an excellent Christian and worthy
clergyman, who daily exemplified in his own person those
great lessons which, in a manner peculiarly his own, he every
Sunday, until the period of his death, preached and forcibly
pressed on his hearers from the altar.
Besides his own, the Latin, Greek, Italian, French, Spanish,
and German languages were familiar to him, and while at college
he also acquired a tolerable knowledge of Hebrew.
He was buried in the chancel of the church at Buckland, by
the particular desire of his friend Sir Charles Throckmorton,
who raised a mural monument to his memory, inscribed with a
long characteristic epitaph, written by Dr. Bew, who, during an
intimate acquaintance of more than forty years, was well able
to appreciate his merits.
Dr. Husenbeth, in his Life of Mgr. Weedall, alludes to
the fact that Mr. Berington was the first priest to appear in a
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
black coat, and was in consequence blamed by many for need
lessly exposing the clergy to insult and persecution. Previously
Catholic priests almost all wore brown clothes.
Cath, Miscellany, 1828; Orthodox Journal ; Flanagan, Hist,
of tlie Ch. ; Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS.
1. Theses ex Logica et Psychologia, Douay, 1771. Publicly
defended by six of his pupils. This, as already stated, gave considerable
offence, and was censured by the Rev. [Alban Butler, V.G., of St. Omer's,
Ipres, and Boulogne, much of the opposition to it arising from its novelty
and boldness. Vide also No. 30.
2. Letters on Materialism, and Hartley's Theory of the Human
Mind, addressed to Dr. Priestley. 1776. 8vo. (anon.).
This arose out of an abridged form of " Dr. Hartley's Theory of the Human
Mind," published by Dr. Priestley, who replied at the end of his " Disquisitions
on Matter and Spirit," to which Mr. Berington answered
3. Immaterialism delineated, or a View of the First Principles
of Things, and an Examination of Materialism, or Reply to Dr.
Priestley's Disquisitions on Matter and Spirit. 1779.
4. A Letter to Dr. Fordyce, in Answer to his Sermon on the
delusive and persecuting Spirit of Popery. 1779. 8vo. Dr. Fordyce's
drift was to raise the No-Popery cry, which afterwards broke out with such
violence in 1780.
5. The State and Behaviour of English Catholics from the
Reformation to the year 1780, with a view of their present
Number, Wealth, Character, in two Parts. Lond. 1780. 8vo., pp. xiii. 190.
The sale of this work was so rapid and extensive, that in the following-
year he published a second edition, "with several additions and alterations,"
1781. 8vo., pp. xiii. 199.
6. Reflections addressed to the Rev. John Hawkins. 1785. 8vo.
Some time previous to this, Wharton, a Jesuit and priest at Worcester,
apostatized and went to America. He then addressed a letter to the Catholics
of Worcester, which was published by his friend, John Hawkins, an ex-
Benedictine, who had also read his recantation, and having taken to himself
a wife, wrote "An Essay on Celibacy," followed by his "Appeal to Scripture,
Reason, and Tradition," in support of the doctrines contained in Wharton's
" Letter to the Roman Catholics of the City of Worcester," a work of 379
pages Svo. It was to this Mr. Berington replied with the above work, and
Hawkins again responded with "A general defence of the Principles of the
Reformation, in a letter to the Rev. J. Berington, being a reply to a work of
the latter, entitled 'Reflections,'" &c. 1788. Svo.
7. The History of the Lives of Abeillard and Heloisa, com
prising a period of eighty-four years, from 1079 to 1163. Lond.
1784. 410., pp-498.
To the second edition, " with their genuine Letters, from the collection of
Amboise," Birmingham, 1787, 4to., he prefixed a long Introduction, con
taining a general view of that part of the eleventh century preceding the
period described.
8. An Address to the Protestant Dissenters, who have lately
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 1 93
petitioned for a repeal of the Corporation and Tost Acts. Lond.
1786. Svo. ; Birm. 1787. Svo.
9. Reflections, with, an Exposition of Roman Catholic Prin
ciples in reference to God and the Country. Lond. 1787. Svo.
This was an edition of a tract entitled " Roman Catholic Principles, in
reference to God and the King, explained in a letter to a friend, and now
made public, to show the connection between the said Principles and the late
Popish Plot," Lond. 1680. This work is supposed by Dr. Kirk, who pub
lished an edition of it in 1815, to have been written by Fr. James Corker,
abbot of the Benedictine Abbey of Lambspring. It was attacked by Dr.
Milner in his " Supplementary Memoirs." It has, however, been reprinted
and edited by several clergymen of high standing, as Gother, Weldon,
Bishops Hornyold and Coppinger, &c.
10. An Account of the Present State of Roman Catholics in
Great Britain. Lond. 1787. Svo.
11. An Essay on the Depravity of the Wation, with a View to
the Promotion of Sunday Schools. Lond. 1788. 8vo.; Birm. 1789.
12. The Rights of Dissenters from the Established Church, in
relation, principally, to English Catholics. Birm. 1789. Svo.
Another edition, Dublin, 1790, Svo., "A Defence of the Doctrines,
Establishment, and Conduct of the Church of England, from the charges of
the Rev. Joseph Berington," c., was issued by the Rev. J.Williamson, B.D.
in 1790. Svo.
13. History of the Reign of Henry II., and of Richard and
John, his Sons, with the Events of the Period from 1154 to 1216,
in which the character of Thomas a Becket is vindicated from
the attacks of George, Lord Lyttelton. Birm. 1790. 410. Ded. to
C. J. Fox.
This work is distinguished by industry of investigation, vigour of con
ception, vivacity, and energy of expression, and the character of St. Thomas a
Becket is very finely drawn.
14. The Memoirs of Gregorio Panzani, giving an account of
his Agency in England in the years 1634-5-6 ; translated from
the Italian original, and now first published, to which are added
an Introduction and Supplement. Birm. 1793. 8vo.
Panzani's objects were the reconciliation of the differences between the
Seculars and Jesuits, and to obtain the settlement of episcopal government
in England, and his attention was much directed to the oaths required, being
favourable himself to some middle course offering a prospect of satisfying the
existing Government. The publication of this work gave very great offence
to the Jesuits, and Fr. Charles Plowdon, S.J., published "Remarks" on
Berington's publication, Lidge, 1794, in which he questioned the authenticity
of the Memoirs. On this point, however, there can be no doubt. D odd's
copy of the original MS., which is in the Archives of Propaganda at
Rome, is now at Oscott College. Bishop Witham also made a translation of
the original into English, while in Rome, and entitled it " The Reasons for
which Urban VIII. sent Panzani to the Queen of England, and his nego
tiation there." This MS. is at Ushaw College. A very imperfect and false
narrative of Panzani's negotiations, the Pope's Nuncio " resident here in
VOL. I. O
J94 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
England with the Queen, and treating about the alteration of Religion with
the Archbishop of Canterbury and his adherents, in the years 1634, 1635,
1636," &c., was printed for R. B. in 1643, 4 to -
The subject has been treated at length by Dodd, " Ch. Hist.," Butler,
" Hist. Mem. of Catholics," and others.
15. An Examination of Events termed Miraculous, as reported
in Letters from Italy. Lond. 1796. Svo.
In which he maintained that the facts were not sufficiently established,
and that therefore the publication of the letters was more likely to be
prejudicial than beneficial to religion. Fr. Geo. Bruning, S.J., published, in
1796, " Remarks on the Rev. Joseph Berington's Examination of Events
termed Miraculous in Italy," and soon afterwards, Bishop Douglass sent to
him thirteen propositions, extracted, as he said, from his works, and desired
he would give an explanation of them. To this Mr. Berington readily
assented, and published the following
1 6. A Letter to the Right Rev. John Douglass, Vicar Apostolic
of the London District. 1797. Svo.
It is dated Feb. 25, and was acknowledged by Bishop Douglass
as adequate to the removal of the scandal that had been taken, and he
concluded his letter by saying " I deem your faith pure and orthodox." Vide
also No. 29.
17. G-other's Prayers for Sundays and Festivals, adapted to
the use of Private Families, or Congregations ; to which is added
an Appendix, containing Prayers before and after Mass, and
some Evening Devotions. Lond. 1800.
This arrangement of Gother's Prayers was undertaken by Mr. Berington
at the request of his cousin, Bishop Berington, and after the latter's death,
in 1797, was published by his chaplain, the Rev. J. Kirk.
1 8. The Faith of Catholics, confirmed by Scripture, and
attested by the Fathers of the five first centuries of the Church.
Lond. 1813. Svo.
In a note Mr. Berington states that he was assisted by the Rev. John
Kirk, "who revised and verified all the passages in the work," hence the
Dedication is signed by both of them.
A second edition with additions was published by Dr. Kirk, Lond. 1830,
Svo., which elicited from the Rev. J. Watervvorth, M.A., "Against the
authenticity or validity of certain passages from the Fathers, contained in
the ' Faith of Catholics, on certain points of Controversy, compiled by Rev.
Joseph Berington and Rev. John Kirk.'" Lond. 1834. Svo., pp. 76.
A third edition, edited, revised, and enlarged by the Rev. J. Waterworth,
appeared in 3 vols. Lond. 1846. Svo.
In 1844, torn. i. Svo., J. Braun (Bibliotheca regularum fidei) edited
"Fides Catholicorum de quibusdam capitibus quae controversa sunt, ex
libro J. Berington et J. Kirkii desumta."
" Roman Misquotation ; or, Passages from the Fathers, adduced in a work
entitled ' The Faith of Catholics,' brought to the test of the originals," was
published by R. F. P. Pope. 1840. Svo.
19. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Catholic
Religion in England, during a period of two hundred and forty
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 1 95
years from the reign of Elizabeth to the present time, including
the Memoirs of G. Panzani. With many particulars relative to
the Court of Charles the First, and the causes of the Civil War.
Translated from the Italian original. Lond. 1813. Svo.
This is the same work as the " Memoirs of Panzani," Binn. 1793, with a
new title-page.
20. A Literary History of the Middle Ages ; comprehending
an Account of the State of Learning, from the close of the Reign
of Augustus to its revival in the 15th Century. Lond. 1814. 410.,
pp. 747.
This is the most voluminous and learned of all his works, and is the
result of great labour, extensive reading, and deep research.
It was at once translated into French by A. M. H. Boulard, " Histoire
litteraire des huit premiers siecles de 1'ere Chretienne depuis Auguste, jusqu'k
'Charlemagne. Traduite de 1'Anglais." Paris, 1814, Svo. ; 1816, 1821, and
1822. M. Boulard also published a translation of Appendix I. of the
"Literary Hist, of the Middle Ages," Paris, 1822, 8vo., and Appendix II., in.
1823. It was again published for the "European Library," with a. biogra
phical notice of the author, by W. Hazlitt, 1846, 8vo., and also by the same
editor, Lond. 1882. 8vo., pp. x. 469.
21. The History of the Rise, the Progress, and the Decline of the
Papal Power. MS. 4 thick vols. 410. In which is given a comprehensive
view of all the principal transactions of the Church, from its first foundation
to the occupation of Rome by the French Army in 1798, and the captivity of
Pius VI.
From a note it appears that it was begun Dec. i, 1794., and finished, after
many interruptions, Aug. 16, 1799. "Though compiled," he says, "with the
utmost care, from authentic monuments, it is not my intention that it should
ever see the light. In it are many reflections some, perhaps, hazarded
that would alarm timid minds, and give offence to the well-meaning, though
by the more discerning, and the learned, the work, I flatter myself, would
be perused with pleasure and profit. It has been seen by few. Into whos-
ever hands it may fall after my death, my solemn instruction is, that it be
not published. I write this, after mature thought, on the 2nd of October
1819. Joseph Berington." The MS. is now at Oscott College.
22. APrayer-Book for the Use of the London District. 1813. MS.
Lamenting the want of uniformity in our prayer-books, Mr. Berington
proposed a plan to Dr. Poynter, "who approved of it, and threw the whole
execution on him." The MS. was afterwards made over to Dr. Fletcher,
who made great use of it in his " Catholic's Prayer-Book."
23. Metaphysica primum tradita Parisiis, dein Duaci a
D. Jos. Berington, S.T. Licentiato. MS. in the Old Chapter Archives,
Spanish Place.
24. An Exposition of the Doctrine of the Catholic Church. MS.,
pp. 92 folio, written before the passing of the Bill of 1/92.
25. A Letter on the Use of the Latin Tongue in the Service
of the Church. MS.
In which he proposes " that that part of the Altar Service which is read
aloud, should be read in English, when approved of by that tribunal where
O 2
196 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
alone rests the power of enforcing or relaxing the general discipline of the
Catholic Church."
26. The Case of Fr. G-arnet further considered ; occasioned by
the defence of him by Philolethes. Gent. Mag., vol. i. p. 633.
27. Observations on Dr. Milner's Unpublished Pastoral Charge-
of March 30, 1813, in two Letters to the Editor of the Ortho
dox Journal, but refused admission. MS.
28. Queries proposed to the learned Members of the Univer
sity, who lately presented an Address to his Majesty, dated'
May 4, 1807. MS.
29. A Letter to Rev. G. Bruning on his " Remarks on Mr.
Berington's Examination of Events termed Miraculous." MS.
30. A Letter to Rev. Turbsrvill Neadham, Director of
the Imperial Academy at Brussels, in answer to two from
him on his Theses ex Logica et Psychologia. 1772. MS.
31. An Hypothesis calculated to illustrate the mystery of
the Trinity. MS. pp. 10.
31. Observations on the Apostles', TTicene, and Constantino-
politan Creeds, and on those of St. Athanasius and Pius IV.
"With an Analysis of Dr. Holden's Analysis Fidei. MS. "I know
not," he says in the last page, "why I did not proceed Avith this analysis,
which might have been useful. But it was suspended, and I never resumed
it. Nov. I, 1823."
33. Extracts from the " Observations sur 1'ouvrage de
M. De Colonac. Par M. Boissy D'Anglos, Depute a 1' Assembled
Nationale." MS.
34. Letters to Mrs. Hannah More on her work " Coelebs." MS.
35. A Letter to Dr. Barrington, Bishop of Durham, on his
Charge.
36. A Letter to a Protestant Gentleman on the Doctrine of the-
Real Presence. MS.
37. Reasons for Altering our Church Government. MS.
38. An Introduction to " A Discourse proposing considera
tions why and how the Oath of Supremacy may lawfully and
without scandal to any be taken. By A. B." MS., pp. 95, fol.
He conjectures A. B. to be John Serjeant.
39. A Letter to the Protestant Fabulist. Pub. in 1821.
40. A Letter to the Right Rev. the Bishop of Winchester. Pub.
in 1821.
41. Besides the foregoing, Mr. Berington wrote in several periodicals.
He had a controversy with Bishop Milner in the Gentleman's Magazine,.
1787, &c. Dr. Milner pays Mr. Berington's style a high compliment : "Mr.
Joseph Berington possesses an enlivening pen, which will not suffer any
subject that it touches to languish, or grow insipid. Amongst all the periods
that have been objected to in his numerous compositions, no one ever
objected to a dull period."
A second edition, corrected and enlarged, was published, Lond. 1812, of
J. Evans's work, " Protestantism and Popery Illustrated. Two letters from a
Catholic Priest (Joseph Berington) to the author of the 'Sketch of the
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 1 97
Denominations of the Christian World,' with his reply ; tending to illustrate
:fhe real sentiments of the Catholics throughout the United Kingdom. With
remarks on the subject."
Some of Mr. Berington's correspondence with his friend Dr. Carroll,
Bishop of Baltimore, in 1786; the Rev. Mr. Evans, Unitarian Minister, to
whose work reference has been made, in iSii; Dr. Barrington, Bishop of
Durham ; and Mrs. Hannah More, in 1809, was published by Dr. Lingard in
.the Catholic Miscellany, August, 1828.
Dr. Milner and Mr. Berington were very antagonistic, and in their literary
encounters some hard thrusts were exchanged. In Feb. 1795, Dr. Milner
wrote a letter to Mr. Gough (Nichols's " Lit. Illus., ; ' vol. v. p. 721), in which he
took exception to Dr. Geddes and Mr. Berington as '' not in general con-
cidered as orthodox brethren."
After Dr. Milner had published his History of Winchester, in 1798, Mr.
Berington addressed a letter on the subject to Urban, in the GentlemaiUs
Magazine^ vol. lix. p. 653, vindicating the Catholic Church from being party
to Dr. Milner's intemperance of languaage. In 1808 Dr. Milner retaliated
with " A Serious Expostulation with the Rev. J. B. on his Theological Errors
concerning Miracles."
42. Portrait, a silhouette, published in the Laity's Directory, 1831. Svo.
Berington, Simon, priest, was the son of John Bering-
ton, Esq., of Winsley, in Herefordshire, by Elizabeth, daughter
of Sir Thomas Woolryche, Knt and Bart, of Dudmaston, co.
Salop, and was born Jan. 11-21, 1679-80.
He was educated at Douay College, where he was ordained
priest, and sometimes assumed, as was customary in those
dangerous times, his mother's maiden name. He taught poetry
and philosophy at Douay for some time, and eventually was
sent upon the English mission. He succeeded his cousin,
Thomas Berington, to the chaplaincy at the Priory of St.
Thomas, in Staffordshire, the seat of the Fowlers, about 1720,
and here he remained until about 1733. This Thomas Berington
was the son of Thomas Berington, of Moat Hall, co. Salop,
Esq., a distinct family from the Winsley Bcringtons, but con
nected by the marriage of one of the latter with Anne
Berington, Mr. Simon's aunt.
Mr. Berington was a member of the Chapter, and, in i 748,
was elected its Secretary, at which time he had the charge of
the Clergy Library in Gray's Inn. He died at his chambers
there, April 16, 1755, aged 75.
The many and various works which he wrote and pub
lished are the best proof of his great abilities and acquire
ments.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Owen and Blakeivay, Hist, of Shrewsbury ; Douay Diaries ;
Cath. Mag. 1832 ; Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS. ; Burke, Com-
moners.
1. The Memoirs of Signer Gaudenzio de Lucca (Douay), 410.,,
4 leaves.
A moral and encomiastic poem of 153 lines, dedicated "To His Most
Excellent Majesty James III., King of England, Scotland, France, and
Ireland, Defender of the Faith," &c., signed " Simon Berington, Priest and
Present Professor of Poetry in the English College at Douay ; " in which a.
new Utopia is described in elegant language, and with great fertility of
imagination.
2. The Great Duties of Life. In three Parts. With respect to
the Supreme Being, the Laws of Morality, and the Law of Christ,
against the Deist, Free-Thinkers, and other Infidels. Lond. 1738.
8vo. ; 2nd Edit. Lond., Meighan, 1750. 8vo.
Original MS. in the Old Chapter Archives, Spanish Place.
3. A Dialogue between the Gallows and a Free-Thinker. 1738..
It was perused, he says, and approved of by Dr. Hawarden, Dr. Rider,
Dr. Challoner, and several other learned friends, who advised him to print it..
The MS. contained 400 pages.
4. An Apology for the Catholicks.
5. A Letter of Thanks from the Jews to the Cosmopolite, for
his Present to Protestants, Romanists, and Jews. Lond. The
original MS. is in the Archives of the Old Chapter.
6. A Letter to a Doctor of Sorbonne, concerning the practice
of Inoculation.
7. A Popish Pagan the fiction of a Protestant Heathen.
Translated from the Dutch. Lond. 1743.
This was in answer to Dr. Conyers Middleton's "Letter from Rome;,
shewing an exact Conformity between Popery and Paganism."
8. A Modest Enquiry how far Catholicks are guilty of the
horrid tenets laid to their charge. By S. B. Lond. 1749.
9. The Life of Abraham Woodhead, prefixed to the Third Part of
his " Ancient Church Government," with a Preface.
Mr. Berington endeavoured to give Mr. Woodhead the honour of being
the author of "The Whole Duty of Man." On this point Alban Butler says,.
"Certain it is, that Dr. J. Fell, Dean of Christ Church, afterwards Bishop of
Oxford, who published the other works of the author of ' The Whole Duty of
Man,' in folio, at Oxford in 1675-78, and wrote the preface, and who was the
only person then living who knew the true author of ' The Whole Duty of
Man,' gave this book, with other pieces of Mr. Woodhead's, to Hawkins, his
bookbinder and bookseller, and ordered Mr. Woodhead's name to be added
to the title of this as well as of the other works which he gave to be bound.
If Mr. Woodhead wrote that celebrated work, it was before he travelled
abroad, or had any thoughts of embracing the Catholic Faith."
10. Dissertations on the Mosaical Account of the Creation,
Deluge, Building of Babel, Confusion of Tongues, &c., grounded
on the Scriptures, &c. Lond. 1750. Svo.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 1 99
In these dissertations the author combats Infidels and Hutchinsonians,
La Pluche, Woodward, Sir Isaac Newton, and many other writers. He dis
plays considerable research and a great respect for revelation, but in the
opinion of an adversary (Orme, " Bib. Bibl.") "advances many things that are
absurd in philosophy and weak in religion."
11. Miscellaneous Dissertations, Historical, Critical, and
Moral, on the Origin and Antiquity of Masquerades, Plays, &c.
1751. 8vo.
The original MS., pp. 92 folio, is in the Archives of the Old Chapter,
Spanish Place.
12. The Quarrel between Venus and Hymen. An heroic
Satyrical Poem in 6 Cantos. MS. in Old Chapter Archives.
13. The Astrologer, or the Predictions of Tycho Brahe, Junior.
MS. in Old Chap. Arch.
14. A Dissertation on Birds of Passage, such as the Wood
cock, Stork, Felfare, Cuckoo, Swallow, &c. ; Whither they go ;
Whether to the Moon? A Letter to Dr. A ne. MS. in Old
Chap. Arch.
15. Vis Matrix, or Philosophical Essays on Continued Motion,
Mutual Attraction, and Gravitation. By S. B., Gent. Dies diem
docet. MS. in Old Chap. Arch.
1 6. Free-Thinking dissected. By S. Berington. "Free-think
ing, which in propriety of speech is no thinking at all," Dean
Swift.
MS. in Old Chap. Arch.
17. A true and genuine account of the Brazen-head, invented
"by Roger Bacon, which told him, time is, time was, and time
is past.
MS. in Old Chap. Arch.
1 8. The Charms of Hampton Court, the seat of the Countess of
Coningsby in Herefordshire.
19. Critical Remarks on a late poem entitled "The Quarrel
between Venus and Hymen." The pulpits alone will never
preach down the sins of the town. MS. in Old Chap. Arch.
20. The doctrines and practices of the Jesuits no just argu
ment against the Church, in Three Dialogues between Patro-
philus and Misopater, with some animadversions on a late pam
phlet entitled, Much may be said on both sides. Extrema fuge.
MS., pp. 90 folio, in Old Chap. Archives.
Berington, Thomas, priest, was the son of Thomas
Berington, Esq., of Moat Hall, co. Salop, by Anne, daughter of
John Berington, of Winsley, co. Hereford, Esq., which seems to
have been the only connection between the two families.
He was born Dec. 1 1 or 12, 1673, and was sent to Douay
College, where he was ordained priest.
Mr. Pegg died in 1711, chaplain to William Fowler, Esq.,
at St. Thomas's, in Staffordshire, and it was either at this time,
2OO .BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
or on the translation of Dr. George Witham, V.A. of the Midland
district, to the Northern district, in 1715, that Mr. Berington
became chaplain at St. Thomas's ; for in an information of the
altar plate and furniture sent to the Commissioners for Forfeited
Estates by the infamous apostate priest, Richard Hitchmough,
in 1717, it appears that Bishop Witham used to reside here.
Mr. Berington remained here for at least nine years. He
was afterwards given the charge of the mission at Hore Cross,
Staffordshire, the seat of Mary Ann Howard, widow. He was
a member of the Chapter, and as Senior Capitular presided at
the General Assembly, held in 1748. In the second session,
on the death of Mr. Day, he was chosen Dean, and on this
occasion he made a rather remarkable address to his assembled
brethren. He also presided at the General Assembly held in
1755. He died in London, Dec. 20, in that year, aged 82,
highly esteemed and respected by all his brethren, as well as
by the members of the chapter.
He was uncle to Thomas Berington, Doctor of the Sorbonne,
who died at Ingatestone Hall, Essex, Oct. 24, 1805, aged 75.
Cath. Miscel. 1825 ; Douay Diaries ; Cath. Mag. 1832;
Kirk,Biog. Collections, MS S. ; Forfeited Estates, P. 21, P.R.O.
1. News from the Dead; or, The Monthly Packet of True
Intelligence from the other World, written by Mercury. Lond.,
Meighan, 1719, Svo. ; a curious publication.
2. He probably published some other works.
3. Address to his assembled brethren at the Second Sessions
of the General Assembly of the Chapter, 1755. MS. Archives of
the Old Chapter, Spanish Place.
Berisford, Humphrey, gentleman, was the son of a Pro
testant Derbyshire squire. He studied at Douay for about
two years. Returning home, he was engaged in prosecuting
an action at law for his father, when he was accused by his
opponent of being a recusant. The judge thereupon examined
him, and as he courageously professed his faith, he was com
mitted to prison. His Lordship offered him both favour to his
cause and liberty if he would but only say he would go to
the Protestant church, which he utterly refused. He remained
in prison seven years, and then died a prisoner in Derby Gaol
about 1588.
Folcy, Records S.J., vol. iii.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2OI
Berkeley, Joanna, Abbess, O.S.B., was the daughter of
Sir John Berkeley, of Beverston Castle, near Tetbury, Glou
cestershire. Passing over to the Continent, she was clothed at
St. Peter's Abbey, Rheims, Nov. 12, 1580, and made her
solemn vows Dec. 6, 1581, at the age of 25. In 1598 she
was sent to the infant community at Brussels, founded July 1 1,
in that year, by the Lady Mary Percy, daughter of Thomas,
Earl of Northumberland. She was consecrated first Abbess of
the new monastery by Mathias van Houe, Archbishop of Mechlin,
Nov. 14, 1599. She brought with her some of the professed
nuns from St. Peter's to assist her in training the eight novices
with whom the Abbey was commenced.
She died Aug. 2, 1616, aged 61.
Lady Mary Percy, the foundress, succeeded as second Abbess,
followed by other ladies of ancient English families.
The Abbey was the first monastery of English nuns founded
on the Continent, and continued until its peaceful inmates were
compelled to quit their house during the upheaval caused by
the French Revolution. They quitted Brussels, June 24, 1794,
and it is curious to observe that its members were the first of
the communities who returned to England after the Revolution.
They were provided with a house iu Winchester by Bishop
Milner.
Petre, Notices of the Eng. Colleges and Convents.
Berkeley, Robert, Esq., was the son and heir of Thomas
Berkeley, of Spetchley Park, co. Worcester, Esq., by his wife
Mary, daughter and heiress of Robert Davis, of Clytha, co.
Monmouth, Esq. He succeeded to the family estates on the
death of his father in France, and married first, Anne, sister
and co-heiress of John Wyborne, ofFlixton, co. Norfolk, Esq. ;
secondly, Catherine, daughter of Thomas Fitzherbert, of Swin-
nerton, co. Stafford, Esq. ; and thirdly, Elizabeth, daughter of
Peter Parry, of Twysog, co. Denbigh, Esq.
Mr. Berkeley died at Spetchley Park without issue, Dec. 19,
1804, aged 91, and was succeeded by his nephew Robert.
He was held in great respect by the general body of
Catholics, and was, perhaps, the first in the agitation which
preceded the repeal of some of the laws against Catholics in
1778, to call the attention of the public to the absurdity and
cruelty of the Penal Laws.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS., Archiepisc. Archives, Westm. /
Burke, Commoners.
1. Considerations on the Oath of Supremacy.
2. Considerations on the Declaration against Transubstantia-
tion, in a letter to a friend. Lond. 1778. 8vo., pp. 29.
Bernard, William, vide William Husband.
Bernardi, John, a Major in the Army, was conspicuous
for his sufferings as an adherent of James II. His family was
originally Genoese, and had nourished at Lucca for many
centuries. His grandfather, Philip de Bernardi, was created,
in 1629, a Count of the Holy Roman Empire, for services to-
the House of Austria, and settled in England, where he resided
twenty-eight years in some public capacity. Marrying into an
ancient English Catholic family, Philip de Bernardi had two
sons, of whom Francis, the younger, was the father of Major
Bernardi. Francis went to reside for a time in the Republic
of Genoa, but disgusted with something that occurred in his
intercourse with that State, he determined to return to his
native country, and he retired into Worcestershire. He is
represented by his son John, the major, as a man of austere
temper, who made no scruple of treating him with great severity
for very insufficient reasons. The boy, accordingly, ran away
from his paternal roof at the age of thirteen, and meeting with
persons who felt for his case, he was enabled to avoid the
necessity of a return. His friends first attached him to the
garrison at Portsmouth, where he learnt the duties of a military
life, and afterwards sent him over to Holland as a private in
one of the English companies employed by the States. During
a residence of several years abroad in this service he was
repeatedly in action, and received some severe wounds, but his
career was otherwise prosperous ; he rose in his profession, and,
in 1677, married a Dutch lady of good family and fortune. In
1687, however, James II. demanded from the States the six
British regiments which had been in the Dutch service for
fifteen years. The demand was refused, but permission was
given to any of the officers who chose to withdraw. Only
about sixty did so, out of the two hundred and forty, and
Major Bernardi was amongst them. King James received the
sixty with great distinction, and declared rebels those of their
late comrades who remained. At the Revolution, in the follow-
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2O3
ing year, Major Bernardi followed James II. into France and
Ireland, and also endeavoured to serve him in Scotland. When
the deposed monarch's cause was irretrievably ruined, Bernardi,
after some difficulties and dangers, settled himself in a place of
retirement near London. Subsequently he took up his abode
in the city itself, but in 1696 he was taken into custody on
pretence of being an accomplice in a plot for the assassination
of King William. There was not sufficient evidence to convict
him, and, as he has himself asserted in his autobiography, he
was wholly guiltless. But six successive Parliaments passed
Acts to detain him and some others in prison, and he died in
Newgate, in 1736, after a confinement of nearly forty years,
having in the course of it married a second wife, by whom he
had ten children.
Rose, Biog. Diet.
1. Life of Major John Bernard!. Lond. 1729. 8vo.
2. Portrait, by G. vr. Gucht, pub. with his Autobiography.
Beste, Henry Digby, novelist and miscellaneous writer,
was born on Oct. 21, 1768, and was the son of the Rev. Henry
Beste, D.D., Prebendary of Lincoln Cathedral, and senior
wrangler at Cambridge, by Magdalen, daughter and heiress of
Kenelm Digby, Esq., of North LufTenham, co. Rutland, who
claimed to be the representative of the extinct male line of the
historic Sir Everard and Sir Kenelm Digby. He became a
commoner of Magdalen College, where he proceeded M.A. in
1791, and was afterwards elected to a fellowship, which he
vacated when the family estates of Mavis Enderby and
Sutterton came to him on the death of his mother.
He thereupon retired to Lincoln, where he resided for some
time. He had taken deacon's orders and was very active as a
preacher, but doubts sprang up in his mind concerning the
character of the Established Church, and the result was that he
was received into the Catholic Church by Mr. Hodgson, V.G.
of the London district, May 26, 1798, and subsequently he
travelled abroad and spent four years in France.
He married, in 1800, Sarah, daughter of Edward Sealy,
Esq., of Castle Hill House, Somerset, and was the father of
the well-known author, John Richard Digby Beste. He pur
chased the estate of Botleigh Grange, Hants, where he generally
2O4 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
resided, but died at Brighton, May 28, 1836. He was the
originator of modern Tractarian doctrines.
1. The Christian Religion defended against the Philosophers
and Republicans of France. Lond. 1793. Svo.
2. A Sermon on John xx. 23, preached before the University
of Oxford. Oxford, 1793. Svo., pp. 32.
In which he seems earnestly desirous of restoring to the priesthood the
power of the keys.
A third edition, entitled " Sermon on Priestly Absolution, with Notes," c.,
was pub. 1874. Svo.
3. Four Years in France ; or, a Narrative of an English
Family's Residence there during that period, preceded by some
account of the Conversion of the Author to the Catholic Faith.
Lond. 1826. Svo. Published anonymously.
4. Italy as it is. Lond. 1828. Svo.
5. Personal and Literary Memorials. Lond. 1829. Svo.
6. Poverty and the Baronet's Family. A Catholic Novel. With
a Memoir of the Author. Lond. 1846. i2mo.
Betham, John, D.D., Chaplain and Preacher to James II.,
was born in Warwickshire, where his father possessed a large
estate. He was ordained priest at Douay, and then proceeded,
in 1667, to Paris to resume his studies, by the advice of Mr.
Carr, in order to take degrees in that university. He was
elected President of the Secular College of St. Gregory there,
and passed M.A. at the university in 1671, after which he
returned to Douay as confessor, leaving St. Gregory's in charge
of Dr. Meynell. He then returned to England, but was obliged
to remove to Paris during the frenzy raised by Gates' plot in
1678. In that year he was created D.D. of the Sorbonne.
In 1685 he was called to London by James II., who
appointed him one of his preachers-in-ordinary, and in conse
quence he resigned the presidency of St. Gregory's, which he
had been instrumental in completing, and over which he had so
ably presided for seventeen years. After the Revolution of
1688, the royal family retained their affection for Dr. Betham,
and he followed his Majesty to St. Germains. When the
Chevalier de St. George was old enough for a preceptor, that
honour was conferred upon Dr. Betham, and confirmed after
the exiled monarch's death by commission dated Oct. 30, 1701.
Feeling his health declining, and his end approaching, he
wished to withdraw from public life and devote the remainder
of his days to privacy and devotion. Accordingly he retired, in
1705, to his seminary at Paris, where he died April 20, 1709.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2O>
He was a learned divine, a strict disciplinarian, grave and
reserved in conversation, and seldom appeared in public save
when duty called.
A fine portrait of Dr. Betham was preserved at St. Gregory's.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Cath. Mag. 1833.
1. The Annunciation; A Sermon on Luke i. 31, preached
"before the King, March 25, 1686. Lond. 4to. Reprinted in "Catholick
Sermons," Lond. 8vo. 2 vols.
Two of his sermons were printed in the Court Collection.
2. Observations upon the Bulla Plantata, at the request of the
Pope's Nuncio. MS.
Eetts, Edward, M.D., was the son of Dr. John Betts. He
was created a Fellow of the College of Physicians by the charter
of James II., and was admitted as such at the Comitia Majora
Extraordinaria of April 12, 1687. He died April 27, 1695,
and was buried in the churchyard attached to the old church of
St. Pancras. His gravestone bore the following inscription :
Hie jacet sepultus
EDVARDUS BETTS, M.D.
Collegii Medicorum Londin. quondam Socius
pKEclari viri Johannis Betts, M. Doctoris,
ejusdem Collegii quondam Prsesidis filius.
Ob. die 271110 mensis April. Anno Salutis MDCXCV.
C. A. R. I. P.
Munk, Roll of Coll. of Physicians,
Betts, John, M.D., Physician-in-Ordinary to Charles II.,
was the son of Edward Betts by Dorothy, daughter of John
Venables, of Ropeley, in Hampshire. He was born at Win
chester, and educated at the collegiate school there, whence he
was elected, in 1642, a scholar of Corpus Christi College,
Oxford. He took his degree of B.A. Feb. 9, 1646, but, being
ejected by the parliamentary visitors in 1648, applied himself
to physic, and accumulating his degrees, proceeded Doctor of
Medicine April i i, 1654. He was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians Sept. 30, 1654, and a Fellow
Oct. 20, 1664.
It does not transpire whether he was a Catholic by birth orcon-
version.but it is certainthat he openlymaintained his religion with
great fortitude, and was held in high esteem both by Catholics
and Protestants. Though one of the physicians-in-ordinary to
Charles II., his position in the College of Physicians would
.206 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
seem to have been influenced by his religious opinions, and the
varying tendencies of the times in which he lived. He was
Censor in 1671, and again two years later, yet in 1679 he was
excluded the college on account of his faith. He was, how
ever, restored in 1684, and was a third time Censor in the
following year, being also named an Elect on June 25, and in
1686 Censor once more. On July I, 1689, he was returned
to the House of Lords as "a Papist," and on Oct. 25, 1692,
was threatened with the loss of his place as an Elect, if he did
not take the oath of allegiance to the king. He did not take
the oath, but was not disturbed in his position, probably on
account of his age. Dr. Betts must have died shortly before
May 15, 1695, when Dr. Hulse was named as an Elect in his
place. He was buried at St. Pancras.
Dodd, Cli. Hist. ; Munk, Roll of the Coll. of Physicians.
1. De Ortu et Natura Sanguinis. Lond. 1669. 8vo.
George Thompson, M.D., reflected on this work in his book entitled " The
True Way of Preserving the Blood in its Integrity," &c. Lond. 1670. Svo.
2. To a second edition of his " De Ortu," Dr. Betts added " Medicine
cum Philosophia Naturali consensus." Lond. 1692. Svo.
3. Anatomia Thomse Parri, annum centisimum quinquagesi-
mum secundum et novem menses agentis ; cum clarissimi viri
Gulielmi Harvsei, aliorumque adstantium medicorum regiorum
observationibus.
Betts, John Philip, priest and schoolmaster, was educated
at Douay. In 1732, or the following year, he succeeded the
Rev. Walter Fleetwood, then a secular priest, in the charge of
Twyford School, near Winchester, where he had been for some
time assistant. Here most of the Catholic nobility and gentry,
who did not go to any of the English Colleges abroad,
received their early education. Among them were the Earl
of Fingall, the two Bishops Talbot, the Blounts of Maple-
durham, &c.
Pope was also an inmate of Twyford in 1696, and was
expelled, it is said, in consequence of writing a lampoon on
his master. Some of his verses were still to be seen scratched
on the windows in Dr. Kirk's time.
The school is said to have been founded in the reign of
James II., and at the time when Mr. Fleetwood handed it
over to Mr. Betts, it was in a very flourishing state.
A curious old pamphlet, entitled " The Present State of
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2O/
Popery in England," 1733, represents the school as then
containing upwards of one hundred scholars.
Mr. Fleetwood, on leaving, went for a short time to Paynsley,
Lord Langdale's seat in Staffordshire, and then proceeded to
Liege, where he entered the Society of Jesus, June 30, 1735.
It was then, Bishop Stonor says, difficult to supply Mr. Fleet-
wood's place, and Mr. Betts was obliged to apply to the Dean
and Chapter, who advanced him 200, for which he gave a
bill of sale on all his household goods and chattels, dated
Feb. 15, 1734, N.S., to Mr. John Shepherd, the treasurer. The
house, too, was mortgaged to Mr. Holman, of Warkworth, who
had property near Winchester.
Mr. Gildon, a Lisbon priest, was appointed assistant master,
who died July 26, 1736, and was succeeded by a Mr. Taverner,
who retired to Mr. Holman's house at Warkworth, and died in
1745-
The pecuniary difficulties, however, with which Mr. Betts
had to contend, caused the school to languish, and the alarms
consequent on the Stuart rising of 1745 are thought to have
occasioned the close of the establishment as an act of pre
caution.
On quitting Twyford Mr. Betts retired to Gray's Inn,
London, where he had the care of the Clergy Library. In
1758 he "found in an old neglected box the original instru
ment constituting the Chapter, and produced it at the Consult
held May 1 1, in that year ; so that it appears," says Bishop
Walton, " there are two originals, one at Rome, found there by
Mr. Holt, who sent a copy of it to England."
Mr. Betts died at Gray's Inn, March 28, 1770. He was a
member of the Chapter, and had the title of Archdeacon of
London and Middlesex, and was held in high estimation by
both clergy and laity.
Mr. William Sheldon, of Gray's Inn, told Dr. Kirk that
Mr. Betts "was a quaint queer old chap, and that he some
times plagued him with questions."
Twyford School was probably founded at Silksteed, near
Winchester, as previously stated, in the reign of James II.,
and in 1692 Mr. William Bernard, alias Husband, was the
master.
Gillow, Cath. Schools in England, from the so-called Refor
mation to the Restoration of the Hierarchy in 1850; Kirk,
208 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Biog. Collections, MSS.; Douay Diaries ; Folcy, Records S.J.,
Collectanea.
i. Devotions to Jesus Christ in the Most Holy Sacrament of
the Altar; containing Several Pious Exercises for honouring
this Divine Mystery, and Approaching it Worthily. Composed in
French by Dom. Morel a Benedictine Monk, who died in 1731,
and in the 79th year of his age, author of several other works of
Devotion and Piety. Lond., Thos. Meighan, n.d., i6mo. ; title, c., 4 ff.,
PP- 435-
Betts, Joseph, Carthusian, was the youngest son of Dr.
John Betts, and, after the death of his wife Frances, daughter
of Mr. Sergeant Trinder, of Berry Court, near Bentley, Hants,
became a Carthusian monk.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Bevil, Jordan, a Colonel in the Royal Army, killed at
Preston, in Lancashire, in the time of Charles I.
Castlemain^ Catli. Apology.
Bew, John, D.D., was born in London, and sent at an
early age, in 1764, to Sedgley Park School, from whence he
was sent, in June, 1769, to Douay College. After one year's
philosophy he removed to St. Gregory's, at Paris, and took
the College oath in 1778. He entered his licence, Jan. i,
1784, and was created D.D. of the Sorbonne two years later.
When Dr. Howard became totally unfit to conduct the
affairs of St. Gregory's, and retired in 1782, Dr. Bew acted
as procurator ; and on the departure of Dr. John Rigby, in
1784, who had acted as Superior but had not been appointed
President, he was the only student left in the house.
The united opinion of Bishop Talbot, of the Archbishop of
Paris, and of Dr. William Gibson, President of Douay (and at
that time Provisor of St. Gregory's, Paris), was, that the most
expeditious method of retrieving the disordered affairs of the
house was to interrupt the usual course of studies for some
time, to commit the management of the revenues to Dr. Bew,
and to receive ecclesiastics into the house as boarders.
But though he wac very particular in his choice, and did not
receive any without good recommendations, he found the latter
to be mere ceremony. Several whom he received, so far from
answering his expectations, gave him much trouble, and their
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 209
conduct was so contrary to the constitutions of such an
establishment, that, after fifteen months, he dismissed them all,
and lived quite alone for some time.
In 1786 Dr. Bew was formally appointed President by the
Archbishop of Paris. In August of that year, President
Gibson visited the college as Provisor, and found the debts of
the house were nearly extinguished.
Dr. Bew was, therefore, enabled again to receive students,
and resume the usual course of studies.
But the Revolution soon dissipated all his hopes and flatter
ing expectations, and he was obliged to abandon the college.
On his arrival in England he went to reside with John
Giffard, Esq., at Rearquison, in Flintshire.
At this time it happened that the mission at Oscott was
vacant through the death of the Rev. Anthony Clough, Sept. 7,
1 793, and as the house attached to this ancient mission, founded
by the Rev. Andrew Bromwich in the seventeenth century, was
far too large for the ordinary requirements of a mission, and at
one time had been tenanted as a ladies' school, it struck the
Rev. John Kirk, then President of Sedgley Park, who was
temporarily serving Oscott, that it might be utilized with
great advantage as a seminary for educating a few students for
the Church, as the breaking up of the seminaries on the Con
tinent had induced the necessity of speedily devising some
means for continuing the supply of priests for the English
mission. Dr. Bew was therefore appointed by Bishop Bering-
ton to Oscott, and he began, in 1 794, with two students pro
fessedly for the Church.
After some additions were made to the old house, the
College of Oscott was opened, in 1796, under the presidency
of Dr. Bew, with the Rev. Thomas Potts as Vice-President, a
Douay priest sent to college by the Rev. Alban Butler, in
June, 1765.
The President drew up the plan of studies, which was read
and approved at the general meeting of the clergy of the
Midland district.
Dr. Bew also received the appointment of Vicar-General to
Bishop Berington, which he held until the latter's death in
1798. The college was placed under the general government
of some of the Catholic nobility and gentry, among whom were
Lord Petre, Lord Stourton, Sir John Throckmorton, Mr.
VOL. i. p
2IO BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Hornyold, and Mr. Bernard Howard, afterwards Duke of
Norfolk. It was not, however, very successful, and was en
cumbered with debts amounting to about 600, and therefore,
in 1808, it was offered to Bishop Milner, who had decided at
this time to use Sedgley Park as a place for ecclesiastical
education. The offer was accepted by Dr. Milner, who recog
nised the great advantage of having a college entirely under
his own control and direction, which was already established
and every way convenient. Dr. Bew, therefore, withdrew from
Oscott, and the new college, dedicated to St. Mary, was opened
on the Feast of the Assumption, 1808, under the presidency of
the Rev. Thomas Potts.
Dr. Bew then went to London, and soon afterwards was
given the charge of the mission at Brighton.
Here he remained until, on the death of Bishop Douglass,
he was appointed to succeed Bishop Poynter, as President of
St. Edmund's College, Old Hall Green.
Shortly afterwards ill-health obliged him to relinquish this
distinguished position, and he retired to Havant, where he
died, Oct. 25, 1829.
Dr. Bew's abilities and acquirements were very considerable.
During the time he was Vicar-General to Bishop Berington, he
was much esteemed and respected by his brethren who had the
happiness of his acquaintance.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS., Archiep. Archives ; HusenbetJi,
Hist, of Sedgley Park, Lives of Drs. Milner and Weedall.
Bickerdike, Robert, martyr, a gentleman born at Low
Hall, in Yorkshire, was executed at York for entertaining a
priest, Aug. 5, 1585. Another account states that he suffered,
as in cases of high treason, for being reconciled to the Church,
and refusing to attend the Protestant church.
One MS. gives the date of his execution as July 23, and
Challoner makes it Oct. 8.
The latter, quoting a MS. by the Rev. Ralph Fisher, says
that Mr. Bickerdike was born near the town of Knaresborough,
but resided in the city of York.
In his examination before the magistrate at York, charged
on account of his conscience and religion, he was asked if the
Pope, or his agent, the King of Spain, should invade England,
whether he would take the Queen's or the Pope's side. To
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2 I I
this Mr. Bickerdike answered, that if such an event came to
pass, he would then do as God should enlighten him. On this
answer he was arraigned for treason at the London Hall of the
city, but the jury, being conscientious men, brought him in not
guilty. The judge, however, would not allow him to escape,
and caused his removal from the city gaol to the castle, and
there again indicted him on the same charge.
A fresh jury was empanelled, and he was found guilty of
treason, and Judge Rhodes sentenced him to be hanged, drawn,
and quartered. And thus he suffered, according to the sen
tence, because "he would do as God should put him in mind."
Bridgivater, Concertatio Ecclesicz ; CJialloner, Memoirs.
Bigod, Sir Francis, a gentleman of considerable estate,
was a native of Yorkshire. He had received an academical
education, and was generally looked upon as a man endowed
with a good deal of wit and learning, which he brought to bear
on the subject of impropriations, representing the custom of
annexing benefices to monasteries to be a great abuse, and pre
judicial, not only to the clergy, but to the Church in general.
This practice had often been deplored in previous times, but it
was too firmly rooted to be attacked. It was not any aversion
to monastic life which induced him to take up his pen against
this abuse, as his subsequent conduct proves, for when the dis
solution of the monasteries was decreed, judging that matters
were being carried to an extreme, and that the project was a
manifest oppression of both civil and religious rights, he joined
with others in taking up arms, in 1536, in defence of what they
considered the ancient rights of the subject.
It was his fate to be made prisoner, and he was condemned
to die. He suffered at Tyburn, in June, 1537, together with
several other persons of distinction.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; A then. Oxon.
1. A Treatise concerning Impropriations of Benefices. Lond.
1547, 4to. ; again reprinted, Lond. 1571, 410. ; and 1646, 4to. Ant. k Wood
says, "Written after the breach which K. Henry VIII. made with the Pope,
his marriage with Anne Bolleyn, and the birth of O. Elizabeth, as 'tis con
jectured by circumstances. The epistle dedicated to K. Henry VIII., is
reprinted at the end of Sir Henry Spelman's work on Tithes."
2. Several works translated from the Latin into English.
The name is spelt Bigot, by Tanner, Bagot, by Strype, and Bygod, by
Ant. Wood.
P 2
212 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Billington, William, poet, descended from a Lancashire
Catholic yeomanry family, locally known as " the Blackburn
Poet," was the author of a number of natural effusions, not,
however, distinguished for literary merit. He died Jan. 7,
1884.
Cath. Times, Jan. 1884.
Birch, John, a lieutenant in the army, who lost his life in
the Royal cause at Birmingham, in the time of Charles I.
Castlemain, Cath. Apology.
Birchley, or Birkley, "William, vide John Austin.
Bird, Francis, sculptor and engraver, was born in Picca
dilly, in 1667, and was sent at eleven years of age to Brussels,
where he learnt the rudiments of his art from Cozins, an artist
who at one time resided in England. From Flanders Bird
proceeded to Rome, and studied under Le Gros. At nineteen,
scarcely remembering his native language, he returned home,
and worked first for Gibbons, and then for Cibber.
Subsequently he again visited Italy, and it is said that both
of these journeys were performed on foot. After his return he
set up for himself, and obtained the execution of Dr. Busby's
monument in Westminster Abbey. The Doctor, who died in
1695, had never permitted his portrait to be taken, and Bird's
sculpture was from a cast taken after death, from which are
derived all the likenesses of that famous master.
Bird was also the sculptor of Sir Cloudesley Shovel's monu
ment in Westminster Abbey, the statue of Queen Anne in
front of St. Paul's, with the Conversion of St. Paul, on the
pediment, and the bas-reliefs under the portico of the cathedral.
The statue of Cardinal Wolsey, at Christ Church, and the brazen
figure of Henry VI., at Eton College, were also executed by
him. For his part of the sculpture of the magnificent monu
ment to the Lord Viscount Mordaunt, in Fulham Church, Bird
received ^250, and the recumbent figure in his sumptuous
monument to the Duke of Newcastle, erected by his daughter
the Countess of Oxford, in Westminster Abbey, is, perhaps,
one of the best examples of his art, A copy of the faun by
him was sold at Lord Oxford's sale.
He resided in the parish of St. Giles, and when a raid was
made on all Catholics after the Stuart rising in 1715, Bird was
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 213
convicted of recusancy, and in the following year complied with
the Act of i Geo. I., by which Papists were obliged to register
their real estates, returning his annual income from that source
at ^32.
He died in 1731, aged 64. Considering the low state of
sculpture in England during Bird's time, and, indeed, for long
after, it is only just to say that his works have been too much
depreciated.
In 1 7 1 7 he describes himself as an engraver.
Walpole, Anecdotes of Painting ; Stanley, Mem. of Westm.
Abbey ; Forfeited Estates, p. 62, P.R.O.
Bird, James, martyr, a young gentleman belonging to a
good family at Winchester, where he was born, was educated
in the Protestant religion, but being reconciled to the Catholic
Church, proceeded abroad, and was for some time a student in the
English College, Rheims. On his return his zeal for his religion
caused him to be apprehended. The accusations laid to his
charge were, that he had been reconciled to the Catholic
Church, and that he maintained the Pope to be, under Christ,
the Head of the Church. When brought to the bar, he
acknowledged the indictment, and was consequently sentenced
to death, as in cases of high treason. He was offered both life
and liberty if he would but once go to the Protestant church ;
he chose, however, rather to die than to act against his
conscience.
When his father solicited him to save his life by complying,
he modestly answered, that as he had always been obedient to
him, so would he willingly obey him in this also, if he could
do it without offending God. After enduring a long and
tedious imprisonment, he was hanged, drawn, and quartered at
Winchester, March 25, 1593, aged 19.
C/ialloner, Memoirs ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Bird, John, D.D., Bishop, was a native of Coventry,
though of Cheshire extraction, and joined the Carmelite Order,
studying at both universities. He was created D.D. in I5 r 3
and three years later was chosen Provincial of his Order, and
so continued three years.
In i 522 he was again made Provincial, and still held the office
at the dissolution of the religious houses. When the Papal power
214 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
began to decline in this country, he became a strenuous supporter
of the king's supremacy and delivered some remarkable sermons
in support of that assumption. He was one of the divines sent to
confer and argue with Bilney, one of the reformers, then in prison.
He was also one of those persons whom the king despatched
in 1535 to Catharine of Arragon, to persuade her to forbear
the use of the title of Queen. These actions procured him a
mitre, and in 1537 he was consecrated Suffragan to the Bishop
of Llandaff, taking the title of Bishop of Penrith. In 1539
he was appointed Bishop of Bangor, and in 1541 he was trans
lated to the newly created See of Chester. He went all the
lengths of the reigns of Henry VIII. and Edward VI., both as
to politics and doctrinal matters, even so far as to take a wife.
When Mary ascended the throne, he was deprived of his See
for the latter offence, March 1 6, 155 3-4. He, however, recanted
all heretical opinions, expressed contrition as to his marriage,
and put away his wife. For some time he lived privately in
Chester, but was soon appointed Suffragan to Bishop Bonner,
and Vicar of Great Dunmow, in Essex. Strype says he resided
for some time with Bishop Bonner at Fulham. He died in
1558.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Cooper, Athence Cantab. ; Strype, Memoirs
of Cranmer.
1. Lectures on St. Paul.
2. De Fide Justiflcante, lib. 1.
3. Eomelise eruditse per annum.
4. Contra missam papisticam ex doctoribus.
5. Contra transubstantiationem.
6. Epic-odium in quendam Edmundum Berye obdormientem
in Calisia.
7. Conciones coram Hen. VIII. contra papss suprematum.
Bird, or Bere, Richard, vide John Bere.
Bird, Robert, a gentleman executed at Tyburn, Aug. 4,
1540, for refusing to acknowledge the spiritual supremacy of
Henry VIII.
Stow, Chronicles.
Birdsall, John Augustine, O.S.B., was born at Liver
pool, June 27, 1775. He was first educated amongst the
Dominicans, but on Oct. 30, 1795, took the Benedictine
habit at Lambspring, and was ordained priest at Hildesheim,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 215
May 30, 1801. Five years later he was sent to the mission
at Bath, which he served for nearly three and a half years,
and then quitted, in 1809, to commence a new mission at
Cheltenham, the chapel of which he opened June 3, 1810.
Here he remained until 1834, when he began another mission
at Broadway. He was appointed President-General of his
brethren in 1826, an office which he held until his death, at
Broadway, Aug. 2, 1837.
Few men have deserved better of his order and of religion
than this apostolic man. He was the means of saving Ampleforth
at a period when the college was threatened with destruction by
the withdrawal of Dr. Baines and other eminent Benedictines.
Oliver, Collections ; Snow, Bened. Necrology.
1 . Christian Reflections for every day in the month. Translated
from the French of E. F. Vernage. Cheltenham, 1822. i6mo., pp. 405.
2. He left in MS. an interesting account of SS. Adrian and Denis' Abbey
at Lambspring.
Birkett, Richard, priest, of the secular clergy, was tried
and condemned at Lancaster, during the persecution raised by
the Gates Plot, in 1679-80, and died in prison a confessor of
the faith.
Challoner, Memoirs.
Birkhead, or Birket, George, second Archpriest, was
born in the diocese of Durham about 1549, and entered Douay
College in 1575, where he was ordained priest two years later.
In 1578, in company with Richard Haydock and several
students, he was sent from Rheims to commence the English
College erected by Gregory XIII. in the ancient English
Hospital at Rome.
Shortly afterwards, in 1580, he returned to England and
laboured very zealously on the mission. On account of his
conciliatory disposition, and the general esteem in which he was
held, he was chosen to fill the office of the deposed Archpriest
Blackwell, in 1608, and governed with great tact in times
when the Catholic body was divided by the controversies which
had arisen during his predecessor's rule. He was not, however,
able to effect much, in consequence of the fierceness of the per
secution then prevailing. Six years after his appointment, he
was called to his everlasting reward, April 6, 1614.
Though his rule was so short, it was sufficient to convince
2l6 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
him of the absolute necessity of the restoration of episcopal
government in England, and for this object he petitioned the
Pope, and he left behind him a memorial, in which he implored
the Sovereign Pontiff " that his successor might be a man
attached to the interests of the clergy, and that the jurisdiction
conferred on him might be of that more dignified and independent
character, which alone could support religion and maintain sub
ordination among its members." But Paul V. had not forgotten
the rebuff he had received from James I., and the attitude of
Blackwell and the appellant clergy, and he decided on the
appointment of another Archpriest. Upon Birkhead's death,
his assistants claimed the right of electing a new Archpriest, or
at least of nominating one to the Pope, and chose Antony
Champney for the office. Paul V., however, rejecting Champney,
referred the recommendation to the French and Flanders
Nuncios, who named William Harrison as a fit person, not only
to be made Archpriest, but also Bishop, in the event of the
restoration of the episcopacy in England.
Dodd, CJi. Hist. ; Maziere Brady, Epis. Siiccession ; Douay
Diaries ; Foley, Records S.J., vol. v.
Bishop, an artist of this name resided in Liverpool about
1840, and earlier, and painted portraits exhibiting very con
siderable merit.
Bishop, Elizabeth, daughter of Francis Bishop, of Brailes,
Esq., having formed the resolution to quit the world and con
secrate herself to God in some convent abroad, left England for
this purpose, in Sept. 1707, in the company of Winifred Elliot
and Elizabeth Milliard, both actuated by the same spirit. To
their care were intrusted Ann Scandrele and Catherine Jeffs,
two young ladies under sixteen years of age, who were in
search of that education abroad which the penal laws deprived
them of in their native land. The former of these two was the
daughter of a clergyman of the Established Church, who had
lately embraced the Catholic faith.
On their arrival at Ostend, they were soon discovered by a
Scotch gentleman, named Douglass, who, though honourable
by name and by his commission, yet had dishonoured both by
his misconduct. For being prisoner in France on parole, he
broke his word of honour, and repaired to Ostend in order to
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 21 J
pass over to England. In his conversation also with these
young ladies, he gave himself such liberties, that he was
deservedly expelled their company.
Piqued at their reserve and resolution to see him no more,
in revenge he accused them to the Mayor of Ostend, as guilty
of high treason against their country for going to France with
out leave, in contravention of the Act of 3 William and Mary,
and so far succeeded, that on the 23rd Sept. the ladies were
placed under a guard, and forbidden to quit the place. The
affair was carried to the Court of Brussels, where the Pastor
and Dean of Ostend, Mgr. Willemens, powerfully pleaded by
letters the cause of oppressed innocence. But all was in vain,
for Douglass repaired to the English Court, and by such acts
as the spirit of revenge inspires, obtained an order for their
being sent, under strong guard, to England. What was the
intention of the Queen, or her Ministry, to do with these ladies,
does not appear.
But Divine Providence disposed of them otherwise. Undis
mayed by their difficulties, they prepared themselves for greater
by using the liberty allowed them of frequenting the parish
church and receiving the Blessed Eucharist, to the great edifi
cation of the people. At length, on the evening of Dec. 8,
1707, they were ordered to embark on board an English
vessel, notwithstanding the inclemency of the weather. In
less than an hour the vessel was driven back by the storm and
tide, and dashed to pieces against the western pier. All assist
ance proved ineffectual, and of its living freight of sixty-three,
only thirteen were saved.
Miss Bishop and her virtuous companions were dashed
against the piles, and at last washed ashore, when it was found
that their legs and arms were broken, and their bodies dread
fully bruised and lacerated.
On the lothof December, Mgr. Willemens, and a procession
of thirty virgins, conveyed their mortal remains to the parish
church, in the midst of an immense concourse of the inhabitants.
And there they were buried, says Mgr. Willemens, in one
and the same grave, "but their pure souls were gone to their
Spouse, martyrs to His faith, and conquerors of impiety."
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS.
r. An interesting account of the wreck of the Deutschland, with Miss
Bishop and her companions, by Hendrik Van Doerme, appeared in the
2l8 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Flemish periodical " Archieven bock van Rod den Heerd," Brugge, 1873,
taken from Pastor Willemens' description in " The Accounts of the Ostend
Churchwarden's Receipt Book." Also in the Tablet, Dec. 18, 1875.
Bishop, George, divine, was a member of the ancient
family so long resident at Brailes, in Warwickshire, where
William Bishop, Bishop of Chalcedon, was born. Dugdale, in
his " History of Warwickshire," records the inscriptions on some
of the Bishop monuments in the church of Brailes, of which
the family were patrons.
George Bishop was probably the son of Francis Bishop, Esq.,
of Brailes, who died in 1712, aged 54, and was nephew to the
Rev. Henry Harnage. Having finished his logic at Douay
College, he went to St. Gregory's at Paris, with Mr. M. Bear,
in Sept. 1717, where both took the seminary oath in the
following January, and together entered their license.
For some time, after his return to England, he resided at
Brailes, and subsequently at Irnham, where he was in 17424.
On the death of Mr. Charles Williams, in 1750, Mr. Bishop
succeeded to the mission at Harvington, Worcestershire, but
left it again in the beginning of 1752, and retired to his
ancestral home at Brailes. He died at Marnhull, in Dorset
shire, the seat of the Husseys, Aug. 16, 1768.
Mr. Bishop was much respected by his brethren, was Grand
Vicar to Bishop Stonor in Oxfordshire, &c., and also a member
of the chapter, holding the title of Archdeacon of Hereford and
Salop.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS. ; Dngdale, Hist. Warwickshire.
1. Moral Philosophy: in which a true idea is given of our
Summum Bonum, and of all the virtues, Theological and Moral,
which are to lead us to it, as also of their opposite vices. The
Moral Philosophy of the ancient heathens is shewn to be insuffi
cient and not of perfection enough to lead Christians to Heaven.
MS. in possession of Rev. Robert Beeston at Eastwell in 1815. The work
consists of 28 chapters.
2. Lambert's Maniere d'instruire les pauvres de la Com-
pagner. Translated into English. MS. at Longbirch in 1800. Both
works have great merit.
3. Fr. Mannock's Poor-Man's Catechism. 1752.
Published by Mr. Bishop with a Preface.
4. Fr. Mannock's Poor-Man's Controversy. MS. prepared for
publication.
Bishop, William, D.D., Bishop of Chalcedon, was
born about 1553, and was the eldest son and heir of John
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2IQ
Bishop, Esq., of Brailes, in Warwickshire, an estate which this
ancient family held for some centuries. His mother was
Alice, daughter of John Willington, of Barston, co. Warwick,
Esq., and his father, who was patron of the church at Brailes,
died April 3, 1601, having lived, as the inscription on his
monument at Brailes says, " ninety-two years in good credit."
His descendants continued patrons of the living for many
generations, and their monuments in the chancel of the
church, in Dugdale's time, bore testimony to their position in
the parish.
Although a Catholic, William Bishop was sent to Oxford
in 1570, and was entered at Gloucester Hall, but after three
or four years was so dissatisfied with the tenets and religious
intolerance of the dominant party, that he determined to quit
the university and devote his life to the reclamation of the
country to the ancient faith.
Having settled his estate on his younger brother, he left his
relations and his country to join the noble band which had
gathered round William Allen in his recent establishment at
Douay. Here he spent some time, and then proceeded to the
English College at Rome, where he took the mission oath in
1579, being then at the age of twenty-four.
In Sept. 1581, he left Rome for the English mission, in
company with William Smith, George Haydock, and Humphrey
Maxfield. The Douay Diary states that he was ordained
priest at Laon in May, 1583, yet another account says
he was at that time a prisoner in the Marshalsea. He
was probably ordained, like his companions, before he left
Rome, and on his way called at the English College, then at
Rheims, which he left Oct. 2, 1581, for the English mission.
He was apprehended immediately upon his landing, and was
sent up a prisoner to London, and was committed to the Mar
shalsea prison in Feb. 1582. In Jan. 1585 he was banished,
and on this occasion proceeded to Paris, where he went through
the usual course in the university, and was made Doctor of the
Sorbonne. In the meantime, however, he ventured into England,
May 15, 1591, and served the mission for two years, returning
to Paris for his degree of D.D., and then back to the mission,
where he was a second time arrested, imprisoned, and banished.
About this time he took a prominent part in the unhappy
disputes between the clergy and Jesuits created by the appoint-
22O BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
ment of an Archpriest to govern the clergy under the super
vision of the latter, and later was engaged in the contro
versy with Dr. Abbot. He and Robert Charnock were
sent to Rome by the appellant clergy to remonstrate against
the mal-administration of the Archpriest Blackwell, and to
demand his recall. But on their arrival at Rome, Nov. 20,
1598, they were confined in the English College, in the
custody of Fr. Persons, by order of Cardinal Cajetan, the
Protector of England, on a charge of being the leaders of
a factious party. After three months they were released,
and were sent one to France, and the other to Lorena,
with injunctions never to return to England ; but the Pontiff,
after a fresh appeal from the clergy, considerably modified his
views of the case of the appellants, and Dr. Bishop was subse
quently restored to favour, and again proceeded to the English
mission.
On Jan. 31, 1602, he, with twelve other priests, offered to
Queen Elizabeth the famous Protest of Allegiance, but this did
not save him from being some years afterwards committed
prisoner to the Gatehouse, where he was confined in 1612.
On his release he went to France, and joined several English
priests who had founded a small community in Arras College,
Paris.
After the death of Harrison, the third and last Arch-
priest, in May, 1621, the repeated requests of the clergy,
backed by the experience expressed by the two last Arch-
priests, at length found favour at Rome, and it was decided to
restore episcopal authority in England. William Bishop was
thought to be the most suitable for this dignity, and accord
ingly, in the month of February, 1623, he was declared Bishop
Elect of Chalcedon in Asia, in partibus infidelium, his brief for
England and Scotland bearing date the 23rd of the following
month. He was consecrated June 4, 1623, and proceeded to
Douay College in the following month, which he left after five
days' stay, July 28, and landed at Dover three days later,
about twelve o'clock at night, immediately proceeding thirteen
miles on foot to the house of Sir William Roper, where he
was hospitably entertained.
He next went to London to be the guest of Lady Dormer,
and afterwards visited Lord Montague, in Sussex. Returning
to London, he lived in retirement, and used every precaution to
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 221
conceal himself and to avoid irritating the Government. He
spent the following summer in administering confirmation to
the Catholics in and near London, and purposed to visit other
parts of the kingdom in the spring, but falling sick at Bishop's
Court, near London, the seat of Sir Basil Brooke, died April 16,
1624, being about 70 years of age.
Dr. Bishop behaved with such moderation that he suc
ceeded in reconciling the clergy and Jesuits, and gained
the love and respect of all parties. Accounting himself, in
virtue of the words of his brief, a true Ordinary over the
Kingdom, he instituted a Chapter, consisting of twenty-four
Canons, with a Dean at the head. He also divided the
country into Archdeaconries, and appointed Rural Deans in
subordination to the Archdeacons. The Scotch objected
to be under English episcopal authority, and Gregory XV.,
recognising their appeal, ordered the new bishop to abstain
from acts of superiority over the Catholics in Scotland.
The authority of the Dean and Chapter of England was sub
sequently the source of considerable dispute.
Dodd, C/i. Hist. ; Mazier e Brady, Epis. Succession ; Records
S.J-, Roman Diary ; Dugdale, Hist, of Warwickshire.
1. A Reformation of a Catholicke Deformed, by M. W. Perkins ;
wherein the chiefe controversies in Religion are methodically
and learnedly handled ; made by D. B. P. Printed with privi
lege, Part I. 1604. 4 to.
This was in answer to the apostate Jesuit's tract, " The Reformed Catho
licke, by William Perkins," Lond. 1599, 8vo. ; and "A Mirror of Popish
Shifts and Subtilties," by Dr. Abbot, afterwards Bishop of Salisbury, Lond.
1594, 4to. ; and Dr. Abbot responded with "A Defence against the Counter-
Catholicke of D. B.," Lond. 1606. 8vo.
2. The Second Part of the Reformation of a Catholicke
Deformed. 1607. 4to.
3. An Answer to Mr. Perkins's Advertisement. 1607. 4to.
4. A Reproofe of M. Doct. Abbot's Defence of the Catholicke
Deformed by M. W. Perkins. Wherein his sundry abuses of
God's sacred Word, and most manifold mangling and falsifying
the auncient Fathers sentences be plainly discovered. The
First Part. Made by W. B., P(riest) and Doct. in Divinity.
1608. 410., pp. 287.
To this Dr. Abbot rejoined with "A Defence of the Reformed Catholicke
of Mr. W. Perkins, against the bastard Counter-Catholicke of D. B.," Lond.
1611. 4to. ; and " The True Ancient Catholick, being an Apology against
Dr. Bishop's Reproof of the Defence of the Reformed Catholick." Lond.
1611. 4to.
5. A Disproofe of D. Abbot's Counter-proofe against D.
222 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Bishop's Reproofe of the defence of M. Perkins Reformed
Catholike. The First Part. Wherein the now Roman Church is
maintained to be the true ancient Catholike Church, and is
cleared from the unjust imputation of Donatisme. Where is also
briefly handled, whether every Christian can be saved in his
owne religion. By W. B., P. and D. in Divinity. At Paris. Printed
by Claude Morell. 1614. 410. Title, &c., 4 leaves, pp. 423, errata r page.
A collective edition of Dr. Bishop's works was published immediately
after his death, entitled "Maister Perkins Reformed Catholique, together
with Maister Robert Abbots Defence thereof, largely refuted, and the same
Refutation newly reviewed and augmented by William Bishop, Dr. of Sor-
bonne, and late Bishop of Chalcedon." Douay, 1625. 4to., pp. 840.
6. A Defence of the King's Honour, and his Title to the
Kingdom of England.
This was written at an earlier period, during the controversy about the
Oath of Allegiance, in answer to the Conference of Father Persons, on the
Succession.
7. Several tracts concerning the Archpriest's Jurisdiction, written shortly
before his journey to Rome with Mr. Charnock, as deputies of the appellant
clergy. Butler, " Memoirs," refers to a manuscript, by Dr. Bishop, in which he
gives an account of his examination by the Archbishop of Canterbury relative
to the oath. Forty-eight Doctors of the Sorbonne, whose opinion had
been asked if the oath could be conscientiously taken replied in the
affirmative.
8. The Copies of certaine Discourses, which were extorted
from divers, as their friends desired them, or their adversaries
drive them to purge themselves of the most grievous crimes of
schisme, sedition, rebellion, faction, and such like, most unjustly
laid against them for not subscribing to the late authoritie at
the first sending thereof into England. In which Discourses
are also many things discovered concerning the proceedings
in this matter abroad. Roane, by the heiress of Ja. Walker. 1601. 410.
Though not signed, this work is generally attributed to Bishop (vide
Tierney's Dodd, vol. iii. p. clvi. note), and appears under his name in cata
logues. Besides an address to the reader, it contained two discourses on the
insufficiency of Card. Cajetan's first letter to Blackwell ; the latter's letters to
Cajetan ; a treatise by Champney on the same subject ; a letter from Persons,
Oct. 9, 1599, to Bishop and Charnock, " two banished and consigned
priests, the one in France, the other in Lorraine, by the suggestions of
Fr. Parsons for presuming to goe to Rome in the affaires of the Catholike
Church," in defence of his conduct towards those envoys ; a censure on this
letter by J. B. (vide John Bennett); Bishop's answer to the letter of Persons ;
and finally a letter from Mr. Mu. (vide John Mush) to Persons, dated Nov. 13,
1600. For further particulars of the Archpriest Controversy vide Xofer Bag-
shaw, George Blackwell, Thomas Bluet, &c.
9. An Account of the Faction and Disturbances in the Castle
ofWisbech, occasioned by Father Weston, a Jesuit. MS. in the
custody of Mr. Bishop, of Brailes, in the time of Dodd.
10. A Protestation of Allegiance made by thirteen Missioners
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 223
to Queen Elizabeth, Jan. 31, 1603, in which Dr. Bishop was principally
concerned ; printed in Tierney's Dodd, vol. iii. p. clxxxviii.
11. Joannis Pitsei, Angli S. Theologise Doctoris, Liverduni in
Lotharingia, Decani, Relationum Historic arum de Rebus Anglicis.
Tomus Primus. Quatuor Partes. Parisiis, 1619. Thick 410. The
running title is De Illustribus Anglise Scriptoribus.
This very valuable work was edited by Dr. Bishop, to which he wrote a
long and learned preface. It is largely quoted by Dodd and other histo
rians, and is indispensable to the student of ecclesiastical history.
12. Narrative of the Life, Sickness, and Death of William
Bishop, Bishop of Chalcedon. MS. Archiepiscopal Archives of West
minster. Vol. EF., No. 35, pp. 97 to 102.
13. Portrait, oval, with Memoir, " Laity's Directory." 1810. Svo.
He also appears in "The Jesuits or Priests, as they use to sit at Council,
in England, to further the Catholick Cause," ob. 1624, set. 70.
Bix, Angelus, O.S.F., was chaplain to the Spanish am
bassador at London in the reign of James II., and was a noted
preacher. After the revolution in 1688 he retired abroad, and
was confessor to the Poor Clares at Aire, in 1690, and after
wards to the nuns of the Third Order of St. Francis estab
lished in the ancient palace of Princenhoff at Bruges, subse
quently returning to England, where he died early in 1695
whilst guardian of the province, at York.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Oliver, Collections.
1. Sermon on Good-Friday, April 13, 1688, delivered at Somer
set House, and published by command of Queen Mary D'Este,
Consort of King James II.
2. Other Sermons.
Blackburne, Robert, gentleman, was the son of Richard
Blackburne, of Thistleton, co. Lancaster, gent, by Perpetua,
daughter of Francis Westby, of Myerscough, Esq.
The Blackburnes were one of the most numerous and respec
table clans in Lancashire, and spread themselves over many
parts of the county.
John Blackburne, of Sandholm Milne, in Barniker, a staunch
recusant in the days of Elizabeth, was the ancestor of the
families seated at Great Eccleston, Stockenbridge, Thistleton,
Scorton Hall, near Garstang, Newton, and Eccleston ; and
junior branches established themselves at Bridge End and
Blackley Hurst, The Hill in Goosnargh, The Brooks in
Bleasdale, and another at Orford, Hale, and Newton ; the
latter family being the only one which lost the faith, and the
only one which is now represented in the landed interest of
224 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
the county. All were loyal adherents of the Stuarts, and,
with the exception of the Orford family, suffered very heavily
for their faith, and were allied to the principal Lancashire
families.
In 1695 Robert Blackburne was apprehended on suspicion
of being a party to the Lancashire Plot of that or the preced
ing year, and though he was never brought to trial he was
consigned to Newgate prison, where he was immured for over
fifty-three years. His case, similarly with that of Major
Bernardi, was more than once referred to in Parliament, and
the injustice of his retention was represented by his friends,
until it may be said he outlived them all, and died an untried
prisoner within the walls of Newgate.
Gillow, Lancashire Recusants, MS.; Recusant Rolls, P.R.O.
Blackburne, William, priest, martyr ; vide Thomson.
Blackfan, John, Father S.J., alias Blackman, was a
native of Horsham, in Sussex, and was born in 1560. He
was educated at Cambridge, where he took the degree of M.A.,
and was particularly distinguished for his integrity and candour
of soul. His very remarkable conversion to the faith is narrated
by Fr. More (" Hist. Prov. Angl.," lib. viii. n. 26, p. 384). He
was reconciled to the Church by an aged Marian priest, and
then, escaping from England in 1587, went first to the English
College at Rheims and subsequently to the English College,
S.J., at Valladolid, where he entered the Society of Jesus. He
was for some time confessor at the English College, Rome,
afterwards at Valladolid, and was once the Director of the
noble Dona Luisa de Carvajal (vide her Life by Lady Fullerton
in 1873), and was the first to direct her charitable attention to
the suffering Catholics of England, accompanying her and her
suite to this country. He was arrested in 1612, and committed
by Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, to the Gatehouse prison.
After about thirteen months' detention he was sent into
banishment and retired to Brussels, where he was appointed
Vice-Prefect of the English mission, and three years later suc
ceeded to the office of Rector of Valladolid. Subsequently he
went to Madrid and became Vice-Prefect there ; then, return
ing to England, he laboured as a missioner in various districts
until his death, Jan. 13, 1641, aged 81.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 225
Dodd.Ck.Hist.; Records S.f.,vo\. ii. p. 62 5, and Collectanea S.J.
i. Dodd refers to a long contest between Fr. Blackfan and Mr. Newman,
a secular priest, in relation to the English College at Lisbon.
Blackwell, George, B.D., first Archpriest of England,
was born in Middlesex about 1545, was admitted a scholar of
Trinity College, Oxford, May 27, 1562, and became a Fellow
and Master of Arts five years later. He then removed to
Gloucester Hall, a house much suspected of Catholic tendencies.
Convinced of the errors of Protestantism, Mr. Blackwell
abandoned his Fellowship, and entered Douay College in 1574.
In the following year he was ordained priest and became
Bachelor of Divinity, and was sent to the English mission in
1576.
After Cardinal Allen's death, in 1594, the necessity for a
bishop in England became very apparent, and the clergy
expressed their want in supplication to Pope Clement VIII.,
and for some time were encouraged in their aspirations by
Fr. Persons, under whose inspection the English mission
had chiefly lain since the Cardinal's death. However, certain
reasons afterwards prevailed with Fr. Persons which caused
him to alter his policy, and to maintain that the times were
inopportune for the restoration of episcopal jurisdiction. A
sort of compromise was then conceived by Fr. Persons,
which received the approval of the Pope in 1598, by the
creation of an Archpriest constituted to be head of the secular
priests sent to England from the seminaries of Douay and
Rome. He was to have twelve Assistants, six of whom were
also styled his Counsellors, the Cardinal Protector to have the
nomination of six, leaving to the Archpriest the selection of
the remainder. He received certain faculties and jurisdiction,
but it is evident, both from the public and private instructions
of the Cardinal Protector, that this kind of Presbyterian Govern
ment was designedly framed to admit of little independence
on the part of the secular clergy. Mr. Blackwell was selected
for this dignity, and he was inaugurated to the office by the
letter of Cajetan, the Cardinal Protector. Only a few, however,
of the clergy were in the secret of this arrangement ; and there
fore, shortly after the Archpriest's arrival in England, loud
complaints were raised by many that they had neither been
advised with, nor much less consented to, such an arrangement.
VOL. I. Q
226 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
For awhile the more resolute of the clergy refused to submit to
the new authority, taking advantage of the fact that the Arch-
priest had not obtained any brief from the Pope, and despatched
two of their number, William Bishop and Robert Charnock, as a
deputation to the Pope to demand his recall. Clement VIII.,
advised of their intention, sent them an intimation that wherever
his commands should reach them, they should stop their journey
and proceed no further. This, however, did not satisfy the
deputies, who persisted in their design of going to Rome, where
they were arrested upon their arrival, by the irritated Pope,
who kept them for three months in strict custody in the English
College.
On release they were sent one to France, and the other to
Lorena, with injunctions never to return to England. To give
greater authority to the Archpriest, the Pope confirmed his
election, by breve dated April 6, 1599, and also confirmed
that of his Assistants and the faculties conceded by the Car
dinal Protector. But a fresh appeal was soon made by the
aggrieved clergy, and the views of Clement VIII. underwent a
considerable change when their case was more clearly repre
sented to him ; and, for the satisfaction of the appellants, he
issued two breves, one dated Aug. 17, 1601, and another in
Oct. 1 60 1, in which, while confirming the authority of the
Archpriest, he reprimanded him for his intemperate conduct,
and withdrew the secret instructions he had previously received
to consult the Provincial of the Jesuits, or any of his brethren,
in the discharge of his duty.
The Queen's Ministers had noticed the origin and watched
the progress of this controversy. Their hostility to the Spanish
faction, whose plan was to place the Infanta on the English
throne on the death of Elizabeth, induced them to favour the
cause of the appellants, or dissatisfied clergy, who through the
intermediate agency of Bancroft, Bishop of London, were
indulged with the means of corresponding with each other, and
their opponents also affirmed, though the clergy indignantly
denied the charge, that they were provided with facilities for
the publication of tracts in their own defence, and with pass
ports for the deputies whom they sent to Rome. But the
connection could not long be concealed. The zealots among
the Puritans were scandalized, and Cecil found it necessary to
furnish public proof of his orthodoxy. A proclamation was
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 22/
issued in the name of Elizabeth noticing the division of the
Catholic clergy into two parties, one of the Jesuits and their
adherents, the other of the secular priests, their opponents. The
former she pronounces traitors, without any exception ; the
latter, though less guilty, are disobedient and disloyal subjects.
She then complains that, in consequence of her clemency
towards both these classes of men, they even " adventured to
walk the streets at noon-day," and carried themselves so as to
breed a suspicion that she proposed to grant a toleration of
two religions, though God knew that she was ignorant of any
such imagination, and that not one had ever ventured to suggest
it to her. In conclusion, she commands all Jesuits, and all
priests, their adherents, to quit the kingdom within thirty days,
and all others, their opponents, within three months, under the
peril of suffering the extreme penalty of the law. This pro
clamation, and the subsequent proceedings of the Commission
appointed for the purpose of banishing the Catholic clergymen,
though wearing the semblance of hostility, was hailed by many
of the missionaries as the commencement of a new era ; the
distinction admitted in the proclamation encouraged a hope of
further indulgence, and they resolved to deserve it by presenting
to the Queen a protestation of civil allegiance, drawn in the
most ample and satisfactory form, and yet not trenching upon
that obedience which was due to the spiritual supremacy of the
Pontiff. What influence such an address might have had cannot
be known ; it never reached the hands of the dying Queen ; she
was no longer in a condition to reward or punish.
When James, in 1603, succeeded to the throne, the persecu
tion of Catholics became less severe, but after the Gunpowder
Plot, which was eagerly taken advantage of to play upon the
fears of the king to the detriment of the Catholic body, a more
stringent oath was framed, the lawfulness of which became a
question of the highest import. The missionaries were divided
in opinion, the Jesuits in general condemned it, believing in the
necessity of vigorous and decisive measures, whilst the King of
France, on the other hand, admonished the Pontiff to beware,
lest by irritating James he should give occasion to the final
extinction of the Catholic worship in England. The reigning
Pope, Paul V., smarting under the failure of the secret envoy
he had despatched to James, yielded to the clamour which the
late enactments in England had excited, and sent, through Fr.
Q 2
228 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Holtby, the Superior of the Jesuits, a Papal breve condemning
the oath of allegiance, as unlawful to be taken, because " it
contained many things contrary to faith and salvation." Black-
well, aware of the consequences, received it with feelings of
the most profound grief, and refused to notify it officially to his
flock, looking upon it as nothing more than the private dictum
of Paul V. The Papal breve sharpened the resentment of
James, many Catholics were convicted of recusancy and con
demned at the assizes in the barbarous penalties of premunire,
and three priests were sentenced to death.
The Archpriest himself was arrested near Clerkenwell,
June 24, 1607, and was committed, first to the Gatehouse, in
Westminster, and afterwards to the Clink, in Southwark. The
Papal breves, his faculties, and the instructions of Cardinal
Cajetan, were found with him. He had previously publicly
announced that the oath, notwithstanding its condemnation by
the Papal breve, might be conscientiously taken by any English
Catholic. Before the Commissioners at Lambeth he avowed
the same opinion, and at their demand he took the oath, and
by a circular informed his assistants and clergy that he had
taken it in the sense in which it had been explained by the
lawgiver, and exhorted them to follow his example. At Court
his conduct gave great satisfaction, yet so violent were the pre
judices of the zealots that James, though he lamented the
imprisonment of the old man, dared not grant him any other
indulgence than that he should not be brought to trial on the
capital offence of having received holy orders beyond the sea.
At Rome it was contended that Blackwell's conduct called
for immediate chastisement. The Pontiff published a second
breve, dated Sept. 22, 1607. confirming the former, and con
demning the oath for the same general reason. Cardinal
Bellarmine and Fr. Persons wrote to the Archpriest admonitory
letters in the hope of reclaiming him, but he replied by long
and laboured defences of his own opinion and conduct, and
delivered the Papal breve and the letters he had received to the
Archbishop of Canterbury, who gave them to the king, who
forthwith made a grievous complaint concerning them to the
French ambassador.
Blackwell continued firmer than ever in his opinions, and
having appointed a deputy, or substitute, strove to maintain his
position, until his conversion being despaired of, the Pontiff
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 22Q
released him from his office of Archpriest, by breve dated
Feb. i, 1608, appointing George Birkhead to supply his place.
This measure, says Lingard, was productive of a deep and
long-continued schism in the Catholic body. The greater
number, swayed by the authority of the new Archpriest and of
the Jesuit missionaries, looked upon the taking of the oath as
the denial of their religion ; but, on the other hand, many,
professing to be satisfied by the arguments of Blackwell and
his advocates, cheerfully took it when it was offered, and thus
freed themselves from the severe penalties to which they would
have been subject by the refusal.
The old man languished in confinement for five weary years
after his deprivation, and died in prison, Jan. 12, 1613.
Dodd, Ck. Hist.; Lingard, Hist, of Eng. ; Mazier e Brady,
Epis. Succession.
1. A Letter to Cardinal Cajetan, in favour of the English.
Jesuits. 1596.
This letter, dated Jan. 10, 1596, will also be found in Dr. Bishop's
"Copies of Discourses," 1601.
2. Several Letters concerning the Appellant Clergy, dated April
1599, Feb. 21, March 2, 1600, and April 16, 1601, &c.
3. An Answer to the Censure of the Paris Divines, concerning
his Jurisdiction, dated May 29, 1600.
Blackwell's indiscreet action towards Colleton and Mush, and his defence
of Lister's Treatise of Schism, after peace had been restored by the breve of
April 6, 1 599, reopened the Wisbeach controversy with still greater vigour.
The Divines of the Univ. of Paris were appealed to by the Appellant clergy,
and the decision was in their favour. This was condemned by Blackwell, in
an angry decree published May 29, 1600 (" Copies of Certain Discourses," by
Dr. Bishop, also Tierney, vol. iii. p. cxxx.), folio wed by a sentence of suspension
against Colleton and Mush, and on Nov. 17, following, thirty-three clergy
men, by a regular instrument, solemnly appealed to the judgment of the
Holy See (Tierney, ibid. p. cxxxii. seq.). The whole history of the Archpriest
controversy is too long to enter into here, but the following is a catalogue of
the principal works, the full titles of which will be found under their respective
authors' names.
In reply to the Blackwell edict of May 29, 1600, the Appellant clergy issued
two books, first, " Declaratio Motuumac Turbarum," &c., ded. to the Pope, by
John Mush, Rouen, 1601, and second,"The Copies of Certaine Discourses," &c.,
1601, by Dr. Bishop, which contained a copy of Persons' letter Oct. 9, 1599, to
Bishop and Charnock, a censure on that letter by John Bennett, Bishop's
answer to the letter, and a letter of John Mush to Persons, dated Nov. 13, 1600.
These elicited from Persons "A briefe Apologie, or Defence of the Catholike
Ecclesiasticall Hierarchic and Subordination in England," 1601, which was
immediately answered by John Colleton, in his "Just Defence," and
Humphrey Ely, in his " Brief Notes." Besides these, two other works were
23O BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
issued by the prisoners at Wisbeach against Persons', which he savagely
attacked in an Appendix to his Apology. The first was " The Hope of Peace,
by laying open such doubts and manifest untruths as are divulged by the
Archpriest in his letter or answer to the bookes which were published by the
Priests," Franckford, 1601, 4to. This important work, giving copies of
BlackwelPs letters, &c., is signed by J. B., apparently John Bennett, one of
the prisoners at Wisbeach. The other work, in Latin, was by Christ. Bagshaw,
" Relatio Compendiosa Turbarum quas Jesuitse Angli concivere," &c., Rouen,
1601, dedicated to the Inquisition. Bagshaw also wrote "A True Relation of the
Faction begun at Wisbeach, by Fr. Edmonds, alias Weston, a Jesuite, 1595,
and continued since by Fr. Walley, alias Garnet, the Provinciall of the Jesuits
in England, and by Fr. Parsons in Rome, with their adherents, against us the
Secular Priests," 1601. William Watson's intemperate works were as follows :
"A Sparing Discoverie of our English Jesuits, and of Fr. Parsons' proceed
ings," 1601 ; "A Dialogue betwixt a Secular Priest and a Lay Gentleman,"
Rhemes, 1601, and "Important Considerations," 1601. This last work is
very violent, and certainly seems to confirm the charge of the Jesuits as to
its being written and printed with the connivance and assistance of the
Queen's Council. The type of this work is not the same as the other works
in this controversy, though it bears the same printers' device as " The Hope
oi Peace," which comparison evidently proves it did not come from the same
block. Watson was executed Nov. 29, 1603, for conspiracy ; he also pub
lished his "Quodlibets" in 1600, and again in 1602. The two latter works
certainly appear to have been repudiated by his brethren. " An Answer to
a Letter of a Jesuited Gentleman, by his Cousin," 1601, " Rationes redditae
pro impressione librorum," &c., and two or three other works were also
written by the Appellant clergy. One of the most important works in this
controversy, however, was issued in 1601, under the initials A. P. (A Priest),
vide T. Bluet, entitled "A Reply to a Notorious Libell intituled A Briefe
Apologie," pp. 387, 410., which gives a full insight into the controversy.
Persons replied with " A Manifestation of the Folly and bad Spirit of cer
tain in England who call themselves Secular Priests," 1602, 410. ; and about
this time appeared "An Answer of M. Doctor Bagshaw to certayne poyntes
of a libell called An Apologie," &c., Paris ; " A Defence of the slandered
Priestes, wherein the reasons of their bearing off to receive Maister B. to their
Superiour are layed downe," &c.,by J. Colleton, 1602, 4to. ; and " An Answere
made to a letter of G. B.'s in commendation of the Jesuits," by A. Philolethes,
pseud. 1602, 410.
4. A Treatise against Lying and Dissimulation. MS. in the
Bodleian Library.
More truly ascribeu, says Dodd, to Francis Tresham.
5. Mr. George Blackwell his answeres upon sundry his
Examinations : together with his approbation and taking of the
oath of allegiance : and his letter to his assistants, and brethren,
mooving them not only to take the said oath, but to advise all
Romish Catholikes so to doe. (The summe of the Breves
specified on the Examination.) Lond. 1607. 4to.
A large Examination taken at Lambeth of M. George Black-
well upon occasion of a certaine answere of his to a letter sent
unto him from Cardinal! Bellarmine, blaming him for taking
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 23!
the oath of allegiance. With the Cardinal's letter, and Mr.
Blackwell's answere unto it, also Mr. Blackwell's letter to the
Romish Catholickes in England. Lond. 1607. 410.
Trans, into French. Amsterdam, 1609. 8vo.
In G. Blacvellum Anglias archipresbyterum quaestio bipartita ; cujus
actio prior archipresbyieri jusjurandum de fidelitate praestitum. Altera
ejusdem juramenti assertionem, contra Cardinalis Bellarmini literas, con-
tinet. (Interprete J. Wilsono.) Londini, 1609. 4to.
6. Letters to the English Clergy touching the oath of alle
giance. Lond. 1607. 4to.
7. Epistolse ad Anglos Pontificios. Lond. 1609. 4to.
8. Epistolse ad Cardinalem Bellarminum.
Blake, Alexander, martyr, a layman, was convicted of
relieving and assisting Christopher Bales, a missionary priest,
contrary to the statute of 27 Eliz., for which he was con
demned to die, and was executed in Gray's Inn Lane, March 4,
1589-90.
Challoner, Memoirs ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Blake, James, Father S.J., alias Cross, was a native of
London, born in 1649. He entered the Society at Watten
in 1675, afi d in 1701 was declared Provincial.
He is referred to by Titus Gates in 1678, and was chaplain
to Mr. Mannock, at Bromley Hall, Colchester, from 1720 until
his death, Jan. 29, 1728, aged 79.
Records S.J., Collectanea ; Oliver, Collectanea S.J.
i. A Sermon [on Johnvi. 56] of the Blessed Sacrament, de
livered in the Chapel of the Spanish Ambassador, on Corpus
Christi, June 3, 1686. Lond. 1686. 410.
It was reprinted in Catholick Sermons temp. James II. Lond. 1741. Svo.
2 vols.
Blandy, William, born at Newbury, in Berkshire, was
some time a member of New College, Oxford, from which he
was ejected in the year 1563.
Subsequently he studied law in the Middle Temple, and
seems to have devoted a good deal of his time to literature.
The date of his death is not recorded.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
1. Chronological Tables of the World. To which are added the
Characters of the High Priests, etc. Obi. Svo.
2. The five Bookes of H. Osorius, contayning a Discourse of
Civill and Christian Nobilitie. Translated from Jerome Osorio
da Fonseca, Bishop of Silves. [Lond.] 1576, 410.
232 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
3. The Castle, or Picture of Pollicy shewing forth most lively,
the face, body and partes of a commonwealth, the duety of a
perfect souldiar, the martiall feates lately done by our nation,
under the conduct of J. Noris, Generall of the Army of the States
in Friseland. Handled in manner of a Dialogue betwixt Gefferay
Gate, and William Blandy, souldiars. Black Letter, J. Daye, Lond.
1581. 4to.
Blenkinsop, Thomas, Esq., of Helbeck, of the ancient
Westmoreland family of that name, was thrown into prison, at
Hull, for the profession of his faith, and about 1593 was
removed to York Castle, where he remained for a length of
time, and became so grievously diseased through the infec
tious air of his prison, that he obtained permission to be
removed to the custody of Mr. Thomas Musgrave in the city
of York, and have the help of physicians, but all in vain, for
he died shortly afterwards.
Morris, Troubles, Third Series ; Foley, Roman Diary.
Bloodworth, John, schoolmaster, was the brother of the
Rev. Thomas Bloodworth, who was born at Kimbolton. They
were sent to Sedgley Park School about 1770, from whence
the latter went to the English College at Valladolid two years
later, and returned to the mission in Derbyshire, where he
died Jan. 26, 1815. John was conducting an academy at
Bridgefield House, Wandsworth, Surrey, in 1792, but further
particulars have not been recorded.
Laity's Directory ; Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS.'
Blount, Sir Christopher, was educated in the English
College, Rheims, under the direction of Dr. Allen.
After his return to England he became an habitue at the
Court, and his service, though a firm Catholic, was accepted
by the Queen in her wars in Spain and Ireland.
The Queen employed many Catholics during a great part of
her reign, until, alarmed by the plots and intrigues invented
to damage them by Cecil and others, and the treasonable
behaviour of some few individual Catholics, she became very
cautious in allowing any to serve in the army.
Sir Christopher, however, used such tact that his enemies
had no opportunity to call his fidelity in question.
He was a personal friend and staunch adherent of the
Queen's great favourite, the Earl of Essex, whom he followed in
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 233
his enterprises against Spain, and also in the wars in Ireland.
But his intimacy with this nobleman at last proved his ruin,
for the earl being recalled from Ireland, to justify his conduct
in that kingdom, Sir Christopher accompanied him, and was
one of the party when the earl marched through the streets
of London in a tumultuous fashion in order to overawe the
Council, upon which occasion he was taken prisoner after
receiving several wounds in defence of the earl. For this he
was tried and condemned to die, and he was executed on
Tower Hill, March 18, 1600, together with Sir Charles
Danvers, who was likewise engaged in the earl's cause. He
declared before his execution all he knew of that affair ; that
the earl had once formed the design of bringing over an army
from Ireland, and forcing his way to the Queen, in order to
remove his enemies from about her ; that he had dissuaded
him from the project as being an illegal way of proceeding ;
and though he had incurred the earl's displeasure by this
advice, which he considered had ruined his interest at Court,
he could not forsake his old friend, whose rashness had engaged
him in this last fatal enterprise.
Sir Christopher declared on the scaffold that he died a
Catholic, and it was by his persuasion that Sir John Davies
(one of the accomplices condemned to die) also desired the
assistance of a priest, though this gentleman was fortunately
reprieved and pardoned.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Blount, Christopher, a gentleman volunteer in the Royal
army, who lost his life in defence of his Majesty Charles I. at
Edgbaston, near Birmingham, Warwickshire.
Castlemain, Cath. Apology.
Blount, George, Esq., second son of Sir George Blount,
Bart, of Sodington, and brother to Sir Walter Kirkham
Blount, Bart., married, first, Mary, daughter of Henry, Earl of
Thomond, and relict of Charles Viscount Cullen, and after her
death, without issue, secondly, Constantia, daughter of Sir
George Cary, of Tor Abbey, Knt, by whom he had a son
Edward, who succeeded his uncle, Sir Walter Kirkham Blount,
Bart, to the title and estates, and daughters Constantia, Mary,
Ann, and Elizabeth, the two latter being nuns at Cambray.
234 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Nash, Hist, of Worcestershire.
i . A Treatise on the right use of Moral Philosophy according
to doctrines of Christianity.
In three books, ded. to his brother.
Blount, Lewis, a gentleman volunteer in the Royal army
in the reign of Charles I., killed at Manchester.
Castlcmain, Cath. Apology.
Blount, Teresa-Maria and Martha, the friends of Pope,
were daughters of Lister Blount, of Mapledurham, Oxon,
Esq., and his wife Martha Englefield.
The elder sister was born at Paris Oct. 15, 1688, and the
younger at the family seat, Mapledurham, near Reading, June i 5,
1690.
This ancient family is said to have originated in the Blondi
or Biondi in Italy, and they from the Roman Flavii, both so
called from their fair hair.
Sir Robert, one of the three sons of Le Blond, Lord of
Guisnes in France, came over with the Conqueror, by whom he
was created Baron of Icksworth in Suffolk. His descendant,
Sir William Le Blound, Sheriff of Rutland in 1307, was the
father of Sir Walter and Sir Thomas Le Blound.
The eldest son, Sir Walter, married the heiress of Sir W. de
Sodington, and their son Sir John married Isolda, the heiress
of Thomas Lord Mountjoy. Sir John's grandson was created
Lord Mountjoy in 1465, a title which became extinct on the
death of Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy and Earl of Devon
shire, in 1606. A junior branch of this family received a
Baronetage in 1647.
Sir Thomas Le Blound, the second son of Sir William, was
steward of the household to Edward II., and from him descend
the Blounts of Mapledurham.
Teresa and Martha Blount received the rudiments of their
education at the convent at Hammersmith, under the Superioress,
Mrs. Cornwallis. Subsequently they were sent to Paris to finish
their education in the convent situated in the Rue Boulanger,
under Mrs. Meynell and Miss Lyster.
After their father's death, in 1710, they resided with their
mother in Bolton Street, Piccadilly, their only surviving brother,
Michael, then seventeen years of age, being at that time at
Paris for his education.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2$ 5
The 2Oth of October, 1714, the coronation of George I.,
occasioned some pleasing verses from Pope to Martha, the
younger sister, who it seems neither witnessed the ceremony
nor enjoyed the rejoicings and festivities attending it. Though
these verses were addressed to Martha, the striking charms of
Teresa, which shone on this occasion in their brightest lustre,
had produced at this time a deeper impression on Pope's heart
than the milder attractions of the younger sister.
Pope's acquaintance with these ladies dated from his resi
dence at Binfield in 1700, and subsequently his friendship
with the family at Mapledurham became more intimate, and he
was occasionally consulted in its affairs, in which he interested
himself, especially after the death of Mr. Blount in 1710.
That Teresa, not Martha, was frequently the object of his
verses is proved from his published letters, and that she was
his first favourite and special object of his affections is evident
from the deed of March 10, 1717, by which he binds himself
in an annuity of ^40 for the term of six years, to be paid to her
yearly on the 25th of March, on condition that she should not
have married during that time, a condition to which she agreed.
Pope was then residing with his parents, whose old age and
habits would probably have little agreed with the taste and
inclination of a fashionable young lady. Besides, at this time,
the poet was very busily engaged in publishing a collection of
his works. To these circumstances must be ascribed the
terms of the agreement, which were evidently framed with a
view to an ultimate connubial settlement.
It is not very easy to account in a satisfactory manner for
the subsequent wavering and hesitation in Pope's affections.
It has been said that he did not find in her that complaisance
and encouragement which no doubt he expected from her;
but it may be observed that at that very time he was carrying
)n a presumptuous and ridiculous courtship of the celebrated
,ady Mary Wortley Montagu, a woman in the pride of beauty
md fashion, and endowed with the most brilliant accom-
)lishments.
Teresa, too, was soon in no less friendly intercourse and
:orrespondence, under the name of Zephalinda, with a swain in
the person of James Moore, afterwards James Moore Smythe,
who went by the appellation of Alexis. This accounts more
than anything else for Pope's inveterate dislike to him who had
236 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
robbed him of Teresa, as Lord Hervey afterwards did of his
idol Lady Mary.
It is observable that, notwithstanding the apparent partiality
of Teresa to James Moore, she strongly objected to the licentious
freedom of his letters, though quite in the style of the wits of
that age, which is clearly manifested in one of her letters. It
is not unlikely that she showed no less objection to the same
impertinent and unbecoming liberty in Pope himself.
Nevertheless, from whatever cause the alteration in their
mutual agreement may have proceeded, Pope did not break
with either of the two sisters, and his attentions to them con
tinued ostensibly the same, until about 1725, when his
intimacy with Lady Mary had utterly yielded to hatred and
animosity.
Then he sought refuge and more durable consolation in that
company which was more easily pleased and more disposed to
admire.
Besides good-humour, tenderness, and a mild disposition, he
found in Martha a congeniality of affection which better accorded
with his feelings than the disposition he had met with in her
sister, and he irrevocably set his heart on the object in which
he found such encouragement.
Martha then became the confidante of his thoughts, the depo
sitory of his hopes and anxieties, the sharer of his joys and
sorrows, and in her, who submitted to be the object of a
sneer, the jest and ridicule of malevolence and envy on his
account, he felt that he had a friend ready to sympathize with
him either in the gratifying or untoward circumstances of his
life. All this Martha Blount was to him, and by degrees he
found her identified with his own existence. She partook
of his disappointments and pleasures, of his vexations and
comforts, always disposed to administer that consolation which
could only be expected from true friendship and sincere affec
tion ; hence, wherever he went, his correspondence with her
was never remitted, and when the warmth of gallantry was over,
the cherished idea of kindness and regard remained.
Notwithstanding the unfavourable inferences which have
been drawn from such equivocal connection, it is but justice to
say that the Misses Blount appear at no time during their
intercourse with Pope to have lost a due sense, or omitted the
practical part, of their religious duties.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2$ 7
Pope himself, in a letter to Lady Hamilton, written appa
rently about 1730, speaks of their chaplain in town, the Rev.
Mr. Logg, as about to begin that winter and continue after
wards doing duty at their house, and he earnestly entreats Lady
Hamilton to call on Mrs. Blount and her daughters, with an
assurance of her being welcomed by them.
In the collection of original letters addressed to Martha,
preserved at Mapledurham, there is one dated Bath, June 13,
1747, subscribed William Chapman, apparently the Franciscan
Father in charge of the chapel there. He expresses in the
highest terms the satisfaction he has experienced in her company
at Mrs. Edwin's, whose husband was the common friend to
Pope and Martha, in the affair of the Aliens, of Prior Park. " I
believe," he says, " I shall never forget that remarkable instance
of the true Catholic spirit you there displayed, and I must
frankly own that this, and indeed the whole of your behaviour
that evening, has left such tender and affectionate concern for
your eternal interest in my mind, that it has often vented itself
since in the most earnest application to Heaven in your behalf."
The rest of the letter continues in a strain of most pious and
edifying advice.
What may complete the delineation and social character of
Martha Blount is found in a letter of condolence from Fr.
Thomas Phillips, the author of the " Life of Cardinal Pole,"
and which seems to be traced with much ingenuity and truth.
The letter is addressed to Martha's nephew, Michael Blount,
of Mapledurham, July 19, 1763, and runs thus : " I may truly
say the death of few persons would have been so sensible to
me as that of Mistress Blount. I had known her intimately
twenty years, and found I had reason to value in proportion as
I was acquainted with her. Her conversation was not only
entertaining, but improving in a very uncommon degree, and
though I have not enjoyed it these two years past, and when I
left London had but a slender prospect of having ever again
that advantage, yet I have often reflected with satisfaction on
the many agreeable and instructive hours I have passed in it.
It is hard to say if she was more estimable for her good sense
and universal knowledge, or for being exempt from all affecta
tion and desire of appearing to have any other merit than
what usually falls to women in her rank."
The unpleasant and too public quarrel between Martha and
238 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Mr. Allen's wife, to which allusion has been already made,
originated in the former's practice and usual custom of attending
the Catholic places of worship, for which purpose Mr. Allen's
carriage was refused her when a visitor at his house. It is true,
however, that Mr. Allen, in his public character of Mayor of
Bath that year, might have thought he could not with propriety
lend it at a time when Catholics lay under he tdire odium of
popular animosity.
But perhaps the most cutting censure inflicted on Martha is
the accusation of ingratitude and neglect of Pope in his last
illness. It must, however, be observed that she did not reside
at Twickenham ; that though Pope's health had been long
declining, his death was in some degree sudden ; that on the
very eve of that event he thought himself well enough to take
an airing in Bushey Park, and to entertain friends at his table.
Less censorious people will admit that the most affectionate
friends are not always the fittest to assist the dying in the
melancholy circumstance of their last moments ; and those
who have lavished their censure on Martha were not perhaps
aware that a confessor and one was in attendance on Pope
thinks it his duty at that awful moment to keep from his
dying penitent the dangerous impressions of certain former
affections and too tender memories.
Ruffhead well observes, that the intimacy which subsisted
between Martha Blount and Pope was nothing more than a
sincere and affectionate friendship, begun in early life, and
continuing with a mutual increase of esteem and attachment
through life, and he does not hesitate to assert it to have been
innocent and pure.
Mr. Bowles himself, who cannot be accused of too great
partiality for the Misses Blount, has yet the candour to say
that Martha was thirty-six years of age when Pope's affection
was irrevocably fixed upon her, an age when a woman who
has not lost all sense of honour, of religion, and regard for her
self seldom takes a false step. And, indeed, any one who will
bear in mind Pope's well-known stature, his misshapen con
formation, and his infirmities, will give credit to Mr. Bowles
for this observation.
Pope by his will of Dec. 1 2, i 744, disposed of his house in
Berkeley Street, Berkeley Square, in favour of Martha for her
life. At this time and some time previously the Misses Blount
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 239
were living in Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, near Oxford
Chapel, with their mother, who died March 31, 1743. Martha
took possession of the house left her by Pope after his death
in 1 744, and resided there, with her sister, for the remainder of
her life ; but the deed of purchase by Pope was lost, or Miss
Blount was unable to prove that the purchase-money had
been paid, so she was obliged to find herself the ;3 i 5 he had
agreed to pay for the lease, which had only twenty-six years
to run.
After a life. wearied with the vicissitudes and disappoint
ments of this fleeting world, Martha Blount died, July 12, 1763,
aged 73- Teresa, her sister, died Oct. 7, 1759, aged 71, and
both were buried at St. Pancras.
M. le Febire, Chaplain at MapledurJiam, MS. ; Clifford,
Hist, of Tixall, p. 217; Memoir of Pope, in Bowies' Edition of
Popes Works ; Roscoe, ditto ; Ruff head, Life of Pope.
1. Correspondence, MSS. preserved at Mapledurham.
2. A spirited controversy, in which the intimacy between Pope and the
Misses Blount is entered into at length, was elicited by the publication of
Bowies' edition of Pope's Works, in 1807. This controversy lasted for many
years, and many pamphlets and papers were written on the subject, a list of
which will be found prefixed to an elaborate article on Pope's Works and
Character, in the London Quarterly Review, xxxii. 271-311.
Perhaps one of the best defences of the characters of the Misses Blount
will be found in an inquiry into the biography of Pope in the Athenauni,
1854, 909-910, and also 1856, 1398.
Blount, Thomas, priest, confessor of the faith, was a
younger son of James Blount, Esq., and studied his humanities
at St. Omer, and from thence proceeded to the English
College, Valladolid, in Spain, but after six months' stay re
turned to England. In 1635 he went to Lisbon, and entered
the English College there, where he completed his studies and
was ordained priest. He was sent on the mission, April 14,
1642, and after some years spent in discharge of his duties in
the most trying times, he was apprehended and committed to
the common gaol at Shrewsbury, where he died in 1647.
Challoner, Memoirs.
Blount, Thomas, Esq., was born at Bardesley, in Wor
cestershire, and was the son of Myles Blount, of Orleton,
Herefordshire, the fifth son of Roger Blount, of Monkland, in
the same county.
240 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Without the advantage of academical training, he supplied
the defect by assiduous application and extraordinary genius.
After making himself master of the classics, he turned his
attention to the law, and entered himself at the Inner Temple.
Though called to the Bar, he was unable to practise on
account of his religion, and, retiring to his estate at Orleton,
he occupied his time almost entirely in literary pursuits. He
died at Orleton, Dec. 26, 1679, of palsy, said to have been
brought on through being hurried from place to place during
the persecuting mania which succeeded Gates' plot in 1678,
his health having been already much impaired by the seden
tary nature of his life. He was a good historian, a great lover
of books, and exhibited that general knowledge which essen
tially shines in conversation.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
1. The Art of making Devises: treating of Hieroglyp hicks,
Symboles, Emblemes, ^Enigmas, Sentences, Parables, Reverses
of Medalls, Armes, Blazons, Cimiers, Cyphres, and Rebus:
translated from the French into English. Lond. 1646. 4to., pp. 68,
besides epistle and preface, and engraved title-page with devises, &c., by
W. Marshall. This work was written in French by Henry Estienne, Lord of
Fossez, and contains many curious original illustrations, particularly in the
translator's dedicatory epistle. Another edition, 1650, 4to., " with an addition
of coronet devices both on the King and Parliament's side.'
2. The Academie of Eloquence : or, compleat English Rhe-
torick. Lond. 1654. I2mo. Engr. title by W. Faithorne, containing
portraits of Lord Bacon and Sir Philip Sidney.
Lond. 1656, and often reprinted during the Civil War.
3. Glossographia : or, a Dictionary interpreting all such hard
words of whatsoever language now used in our refined English
tongue; with etymologies, definitions, and historical observa
tions on the same. Lond. 1656, 8vo. ; Second Edit. Lond. 1661, 8vo. ;
Third Edit. 1670, 8vo. ; 1671; Fourth Edit., with many additions, the
Savoy, 1674; 1679; 1681, Fifth Edit., with terms of Divinity, Law, and
other Arts and Sciences, Lond. 8vo. ; 1691 ; 1707 ; 1719, 8vo.
4. The Lamps of the Law, and Lights of the Gospel ; or, the
titles of some late spiritual, polemical, and metaphysical new
Books. Lond. 1658. 8vo. Published under the pseudonym of " Grass and
Hay Withers."
5. Boscobel ; or, the History of His Majesties most miraculous
preservation after the battle of Worcester, 3 Sept. 1651. Lond.
1660. Svo ; Second Edit. 1666.
A notice of this work and its various editions will be found in the Retro*
spective Review, xiv. 47-68. The Third Edit., with additions, was printed
in 1680, shortly before the issue of the second part. The Fourth Edit.,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 241
edited by C.Jackson, Edinburgh, 1709, I2mo. ; Doncaster, 1809, Svo., with
portrait of Charles II.; London, pr. Wellington, Salop, 1822, izmo., with
portrait of Charles II.
6. Booker, rebuked: or Animadversions on Booker's Al
manack.
This was against John Booker's " Bloody Almanack, to which England is
directed to foreknow what shall come to passe." Lond. 1.643, 4 to - Booker
also published "The Bloody Irish Almanack," Lond. 1646, 4to., which con
tains some memorable particulars relative to the war in Ireland, and is the
only work of Booker worth the reader's notice.
7. A Catholick Almanack, 1661, 1662, 1663, &c.
8. A Pedigree of the Blounts, printed in Peachman's "Complete
Gentleman," 1661.
The Blounts of Orleton, of Blount Hall in Staffordshire, and Tittenhanger
in Hertfordshire, are derived from the Blounts of Sodington in Worcester
shire.
9. A Collection of Statutes concerning Bankrupts, with the
Resolutions of the Judges upon the same. Lond. 1670. Svo.
10. No|xo-A|iKov : A Law-Dictionary, interpreting such difficult
and obscure words and terms, as are found either in our Common
or Statute, Ancient or Modern Lawes. In the Savoy, 1670, fol. ;
Lond. 1691, fol.
A Law- Dictionary and Glossary, &c. Third Edit. "To which are
added above 2200 words, likewise an explanation of all the ancient names of
inhabitants, and cities, of Great Britain," by W. Nelson [Lond.] 1717, fol.
Best Edition.
11. Animadversions on Sir Richard Baker's Chronicle. Oxford,
1672, Svo. This was elicited by the Fifth Edition of the Chronicles published
in 1670.
12. A World of Errors discovered in the new World of Words,
or a general English Dictionary and Nomothetes, or the Inter
preter of Law Words and Terms. Lond. 1673, fol. Against
Edward Phillips's work, first published in 1658, a fourth edition of which
appeared in 1671.
13. Animadversions on R. Blome's Britannia (1673). MS.
Blome's work, published in 1673, was merely plagiarized from Camden and
Speed.
14. Fragmenta Antiquitatis ; or, Ancient Tenures of Land, and
Jocular Customs of some Manners. Lond. 1679. Svo.
New edition with alterations, additions, English translations, and two
indices, to which are added explanatory notes, and an index of obsolete and
difficult words. By J. Beckwith. York, 1784. Svo.
Enlarged by Josiah Beckwith, with considerable additions by H. M.
Beckwith. Lond. 1815. 410.
A new edition, re-arranged, corrected and enlarged by W. E. Hazlitt.
Lond. 1874. Svo.
15. Boscobel. The Second Part, with the addition of Claus-
trum regale reseratum, or the King's Concealment at Trent in
VOL. I. R
242 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Somersetshire. Published by Mrs. Anne "Windham of Trent.
Lond. 1681. 8vo. Lond. with Supplement to the whole, 1725. I2mo.
The two tracts entitled Boscobel, with the plates, are among the most
scarce and high-priced pamphlets of the xyth century.
16. A Chronicle of England, MS. opus imperfectum, in which he
was assisted by John Belson, Esq., and others.
17. A History of Herefordshire, 2 vols. folio, MS., part of which
was formerly at Orleton.
1 8. The " Catalogue of those Cath clicks that died and suffered for theire
loyalty," published at the end of Lord Castlemain's " Catholique Apology," was
drawn up by Blount, and some additions were made by two of the Misses
Blount, nuns at Paris, and printed in his lordship's Reply to the Answer of
the "Catholique Apology" in 1668.
Blount, Sir Walter Kirkham, Bart., of Sodington,
co. Worcester, was the eldest son of Sir George Blount, Bart,
by Mary, daughter and heiress of Richard Kirkham, of Blagden,
co. Devon, Esq., son and heir of Sir William Kirkham, Knt.,
of the same. He was twice married, first, to Alice, daughter
of Sir Thomas Strickland, of Thornton Brigg, co. York, Knt. ;
and secondly, to Mary, daughter of Sir Caesar Cranmer, of
Astwood, co. Bucks, Knt.
He died without issue at Ghent, May 12, 1717, where he
had probably gone to avoid the persecution of Catholics, which
was renewed with extreme vigour after the Stuart rising in
1715. He was succeeded by his nephew, Sir Edward Blount,
fourth Bart. The family was always staunch in its support of
the Stuarts, and Sir Walter, the first Baronet, was a great
sufferer for Charles I., being imprisoned first at Oxford and
then in the Tower of London.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS.; Baronetage.
1. The Holy Ideot's Contemplations on Divine Love, rendered
into English by W. K. B., of Sodington, 1669.
Ded. to his sister, Mrs. Anne Blount. This is a translation of Gertrude
More's work in Latin, and is different from that of Fr. David Aug. Baker,
O.S.B.
2. The Compleat Office of the Holy Week according to the
Missall and Roman Breviary, enricht with many figures. Paris,
1670, sm. 8vo. ; 7 plates engraved by W. Hollar. Ded. to " My most
Honoured dear Mother the Lady M. B., by W. K. B." A translation from
the French.
The Second Edition, With Notes and Explications. Lond. 1687,
8vo., with plates by Hollar; title, i leaf; ded. to the Queen, 2 leaves ; Office,
pp.327; Palm Sunday, pp. 1-167. Frequently reprinted.
The translation of this work was begun by his father, Sir George Blount,
and finished by himself.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 243
3. The Spirit of Christianity. Lond. Henry Hills, 1686, I2mo.
Ded. to the King, pp. 4 ; contents, pp. 2 ; errata, p. i ; unpaginated, pp. 132.
Bluet, Thomas, divine, was for long a minister of the
Church of England in the diocese of Exeter, but becoming a
Catholic, passed over to Douay, and was admitted into the
English College, March 19, 1577. Here he was ordained
priest Feb. 23, 1578, and was sent to the mission in England.
He was apprehended in London, in that or the following year,
and being brought before the Archbishop of Canterbury, or
the Bishop of London, boldly professed his faith, and so
evidently confuted the ministers by whom he was examined,
that the Bishop, on learning that Mr. Bluet had formerly been
a Protestant minister, broke out into the following speech :
" I have hard many tymes objected agaynste us that our
ministers be unlerned ; but by Sent Mary we have now
hapned one a minister w th home for his lerninge, I be shrue
hime we be alof us much incumbred."
After being confined in a vile cell in London, Mr. Bluet
was sent to the other priests imprisoned in Wisbeach Castle.
During the lamentable quarrel between the Seculars and
Jesuits in connection with the appointment and jurisdiction of
the Archpriest Blackwell, which commenced in the prison at
Wisbeach, Mr. Bluet was a very active and warm supporter
of the appellant clergy ; and he was accused by the Jesuits
with holding a secret correspondence with Bancroft, the Bishop
of London, and the Government, who it was said assisted the
appellants with the means of prosecuting their cause in order
to create a schism in the Catholic party. The charges
against Bluet were so represented at Rome, to the prejudice of
the whole body of clergy, who, notwithstanding, held him in
great respect for his learning and experience. Towards the
end of June, 1601, Bluet was secretly introduced to some of
the members of the Privy Council, and, by their means, was
admitted to the presence of the Queen. Of the conference
which ensued the result only appears. It was determined
that Bagshaw, Champney, Barnaby, with Bluet himself, all of
whom were under restraint, should be forthwith discharged,
and should be permitted to visit their friends, for the purpose
of collecting money, and that, as soon as their preparations
should be complete, they should receive passports, which,
under the pretence of banishment, would enable them to
R 2
244 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
leave the country, and proceed to Rome to prosecute their
appeal to the Pope. Ultimately the deputation, consisting
of Bagshaw, Cecil, Mush, Champney, and Bluet, arrived in
Paris, and, leaving Bagshaw to watch the interests of their
party, resumed their journey to Rome, where they arrived
Feb. 16, 1602. In their solicitation for the appointment of
Bishops, the deputies were foiled by the superior address of
their opponents ; but in their complaints against the adminis
tration of Blackwell, and in their efforts to vindicate themselves
before the Pontiff, they were more successful. A breve was
issued on the 5th of October, condemning the conduct of the
Archpriest, and justifying the Appellants from the charges of
schism and rebellion, which had been urged against them.
Thus terminated for the time being this unhappy contest.
Mr. Bluet returned to the mission in England, where he
laboured many years with great zeal.
Douay Diaries ; Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Tierney, D odd's Ch. Hist.,
vol. iii. ; A. P., Reply to a Notorious Libell.
i. A Reply to a Notorious Libell intituled A Briefe Apologie
or Defence of the Ecclesiastical Hierarchie, &c. Wherein suffi
cient matter is discovered to give all men satisfaction, who had
both their cares to the question in controversie betweene the
Jesuites and their adherents on the one part, and the Secular
Priests defamed by them on the other part. Whereunto is also
adjoyned an answere to the Appendix. 1603. s.l. 4to.
The Preface is signed by A. P., i.e., A Priest, and though it is not cer
tain that Bluet was the author, there is strong internal evidence, and it is
known that he was engaged in this controversy. From some statements in
this book it is clear that it was written in 1602, in all likelihood before Bluet
went to Rome. It is one of the most important works in the Archpriest
controversy, vide Xofer Bagshaw, John Bennett, Will. Bishop, Geo.
Blackwell, Jno. Charnock, Ant. Champney, W. Clark, Jno. Mush, Rob.
Persons, Will Watson, &c.
Blundell, Henry, Esq., was born in 1724, and was the
son and heir of Robert Blundell, of Ince-Blundell, co. Lan
caster, Esq., by Katharine, daughter of Sir Rowland Stanley,
of Hooton, co. Chester, Bart. In 1760 he succeeded his
father to very extensive estates. He was an indefatigable
collector of works of art and a generous patron of literature,
and spent a considerable time abroad in forming the collection
of sculptures and paintings which still embellish Ince-Blundell.
Dr. Oliver says that he was assisted in his purchases by Fr.
John Thorpe, S.J., then residing in Rome. The result is not
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 245
altogether satisfactory, and the collection is perhaps more
abundant than select. The two volumes of engravings and
etchings of the sculptural works, with descriptive letterpress,
were made under the superintendence of Mr. Blundell.
He married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir George Mostyn, of
Talacre, co. Flint, Bart., and had a son, Charles Robert, and two
daughters, Katherine and Elizabeth, who married respectively,
Thomas Stonor, of Stonor, co. Oxford, Esq. (father of Lord
Camoys), and Stephen Tempest, of Broughton, co. York, Esq.
(father of Sir Charles Robert Tempest, Bart.). Mr. Blundell
died Aug. 28, 1810, and owing to an unfortunate estrange
ment between himself and his only son, who was never married,
he devised the extensive Lostock estates, originally inherited
from the Andertons, to his two daughters, and accordingly only
the smaller property of Ince-Blundell descended to his son.
The latter devised Ince-Blundell to a younger son of the Welds
of Lulworth Castle, co. Dorset, a kinsman on his mother's side,
who eventually took possession of the estate, and assumed
the name of Weld-Blundell, after the death of the last male
descendant of the ancient race of Blundell of Ince-Blundell,
Oct. 27, 1837.
Gibson, Lydiate Hall.
1 . Account of the Statues, Busts, Bas-reliefs, Cinerary Urns,
and Paintings at Ince. Liverpool, 1803. 410.
Privately printed, front, and six plates. A very limited number were
printed by Mr. Blundell, who afterwards used every means to suppress the
publication.
2. Engravings and Etchings of the Principal Statues, Busts,
Bas-reliefs, Sepulchral Monuments, Cinerary Urns, &c., in the
Collection of Henry Blundell, Esq., at Ince. 1809. Imp. fol., pp. 158.
Also privately printed, 50 copies being struck off for presents.
It is sometimes bound in 2 vols., vol. i. 77 plates, vol. ii. 81 plates.
3. Lydiate Hall and its Associations. In two Parts, Antiqua
rian and Religious. By the Rev. Thomas Ellison Gibson, Priest
of Our Lady's Church, Lydiate, Printed for the Author (Ballan-
tyne). 1876, 4to., pp. xliv.-333, iU us - with a pl an and photos. This very
valuable work, besides giving a history of the Blundells of Ince-Blundell,
the Andertons of Lostock, the Irelands of Lydiate, and other families con
nected with Lydiate, contains much matter of interest to the Lancashire
antiquary.
4. Blundell Bequest Statement by the R. R. Dr. Walsh,
8vo., privately printed, 1841.
Blundell, Nicholas, Father S.J., was the eldest son of
William Blundell, Esq., of Crosby, and his wife Ann, daughter
246 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
of Sir Thomas Haggerston, of Haggerston Castle, co. Northum
berland, Bart, and was born at Crosby Hall, Lancashire, in
1640. He entered the Society in 1662-3, an ^, in 1670, was
chaplain to the English regiment commanded by Lord Castle-
haven in the Low Countries. Most of his short career was
spent at St. Omer's College, until his death there, Dec. 20,
1680, aged 40.
He brought over a number of the scholars from St. Omer's
College to London, to give evidence to prove the perjury of
Titus Gates on the trial of the five martyred Fathers in 1679,
and was arrested by Gates and committed to prison. Soon
afterwards he was liberated, and was present at the trial, and
wrote an account of it, which is embodied in his letter
to Dame Catherine Hall, a nun, O.S.B., of Cambray. He is
entered in Gates' list of Jesuits, and is named in his monstrous
narrative.
Foley, Records S.J., Collectanea.
1. Blundel the Jesuit's letter of intelligence to his friends the
Jesuits at Cambray, taken about him when he was apprehended
June 23, 1679. (Lond.) 1679. S.sh. fol.
This was the letter to Dame Catherine Hall, O.S.B., a nun at Cambray.
2. An Answer to Blundell the Jesuit's letter ; that was taken
about him at Lambeth, on June 23, directed to the Jesuits at
Cambray, etc. 1679. S.sh. fol.
3. A Narrative of the apprehending of the arch-Jesuite Blundel.
(Lond.) 1679. Fol.
Blundell, Nicholas, Esq., of Crosby, born in 1669, was
the son of William Blundell, Esq., by Mary, daughter of
Rowland Eyre, of Hassop, co. Derby, Esq., and succeeded to
the estate on the death of his father in 1702. He married the
Hon. Frances, daughter of Marmaduke, third Baron Langdale,
of Holme, in Yorkshire.
He died April 21, 1737, and was the last in the male line
of his ancient race. His daughter Frances married Henry
Peppard, whose son assumed the additional surname of Blundell,
from whom the present possessor of Crosby descends.
He had not the ability of his grandfather, the Cavalier, but
was a popular country squire, entering with zest into such
amusements and social enjoyments as were within his reach.
Rev. T. E. Gibson, Letter to the Author.
i. Diary, 1702 to 1728. 3 fol. vols. MS., carefully kept, without the
omission of a single day. The Rev. T. E. Gibson has at present these
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 247
volumes in hand, and intends to publish in one vol., corresponding to " A
Cavalier's Note-Book," such entries as may appear to be of general or local
interest.
2. A Book of Anecdotes, MS., some of which are well worth pre
serving.
3. Letters, preserved at Crosby.
Blundell, Richard, Esq., confessor of the faith, of
Crosby Hall, co. Lancaster, was the son of Henry Blundell,
Esq., by Anne, daughter of Sir William Leyland, of Morleys,
Knt, and was born in 1536. He married Anne, daughter of
Richard Starkey, of Stretton, co. Cheshire, and suffered much
for his adherence to the faith.
Ultimately he was indicted for entertaining Woodroffe, a
seminary priest, and being convicted was imprisoned in Lan
caster Castle. The original indictment is still preserved at
Crosby Hall, as also a letter from prison, written by Mr. Blundell
to his wife, in which he speaks of the death of Mr. Worthington,
of Blainscow, a fellow-sufferer for religion.
He died in the same prison March 19, 15912.
Rev. T. E. Gibson, Letter to the Author.
Blundell, Thomas, Father S.J., was born April 25,
1648, and was the third son of William Blundell, the
Cavalier, of Crosby. He entered the Society at Watten in
1667, and was ordained priest in 1679. Most of his life was
spent in teaching philosophy in the Jesuit Colleges on the
Continent.
In 1692 he was sent to the mission to succeed to the chap
laincy at Lytham Hall, Lancashire, vacant by the death of
Fr. Stephenson.
Here he remained until his death, May 27, 1702, aged 54,
and his remains were removed to Harkirke Cemetery, Little
Crosby, where they were interred two days later.
The entry in the register states that he was a learned man,
religious, and of good life.
Foley, Records S.J., Collectanea; Rev. T. E. Gibson, Letter
to the Author ; De Backer.
i. Conclusiones Physicse. Has conclusiones Prseside B. P.
Thoma Blundello, S.J., Philosophise Professore, Defendet
Joannes Franciscus Jaer Leodius. In Coll. Angl. S.J. Leodii,
Anno 1682. Fol.
248 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
2. De Backer refers to a caJrier course of Philosophy by Fr. Blundell,
MS. 4to., pp. 112, in the possession of M. Leroy, Prof, at the University at
Lie"ge.
Blundell, "William, Esq., of Crosby, eldest son and heir
of Richard Blundell, Esq., and his wife Anne Starkey, was born
in Aug. 1560, and in 1590 was imprisoned in Lancaster
Castle, along with his father, on account of his recusancy. He
would never make the least show of conformity, and in con
sequence underwent five years' imprisonment for the faith,
and after his release was frequently obliged to seek safety by flight.
His wife also was confined for a long period in Chester
Castle, and was at last released through the intervention of
Sir Richard Molyneux and the Rev. John Nutter, parson of
Sefton, the " golden ass ". of Queen Elizabeth.
In 1611, Mr. Blundell, finding that his Catholic tenants
were denied burial at the parish church of Sefton, formed a
burial-ground on his own property, at a spot called Harkirke,
where tradition said a church had formerly stood. This was
made a matter of accusation afterwards, when on occasion of
his tenants resisting the sheriff's officers the case was brought
before the Star Chamber, and a fine of 2,000 inflicted on
Mr. Blundell, besides costs and damages. The register of
burials at Harkirke is preserved at the Hall, and is in the
handwriting of Mr. Blundell and his successor. One hundred
and six laymen and twenty-five priests have been interred
within its precincts. A cross erected by the present squire
marks the site, which is now within the park walls.
His grandson, William Blundell, the Cavalier, calls him a
virtuous and learned man, and says that, notwithstanding the
spoiling of his goods and many exactions on account of
religion, God so prospered him that he brought up a large
family in comfortable circumstances, and left each of them a
living.
This confessor of the faith died July 2, 1638, having married
Emelia, daughter of Edward Norris, of Speke, Esq., who pre
deceased him June. 2, 1631.
His brother Richard was reported, in Oct. 1592, to be the
chaplain to Mrs. Hoghton at Lea Hall, and was there some
years.
He was succeeded by his son Nicholas, who, walking in the
steps of his father, appears annually in the Recusant Rolls.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 249
Rev. T. E. Gibson, Letter to the Author, Cavaliers Note-
Book ; Dom. Eliz. t vol. ccxliii., No. 52 ; Gillozv, Lancashire
Recusants, MS.
1. A MS. vol. at Crosby, several controversial pieces, and some poetry,
chiefly of a religious character.
2. The Register of Burials at Harkirke, MS., in which are some very
interesting notes both by himself and his son William.
Blundell, William, the " Cavalier," was the eldest son
and heir of Nicholas Blundell, of Crosby, Esq., by Jane,
daughter of Roger Bradshaigh, of Haigh Hall, co. Lancaster,
Esq., and was born in 1620.
His father died in 1631, leaving him the succession to the
estate, and at the age of fifteen he was married to Anne,
daughter of Sir Thomas Haggerston, of Haggerston, co.
Northumberland, Bart.
From his own account he led for a time a gay and extrava
gant life, but was recalled to a sense of his duty by an accident
for which he was ever after grateful to God. Having at the
outset of the Civil War accepted a captain's commission in the
troop of Sir Thomas Tyldesley, before he had collected his
quota, he accompanied the Earl of Derby on his march against
Lancaster, and there, on March 18, 1642, had his thigh
shattered by a musket-shot.
This wound rendered him a cripple for life, and he was
henceforth obliged to confine himself to the care of his pro
perty, which needed all his attention, as it was constantly
exposed to exactions. In common with the estates of other
" delinquents " it was seized, confiscated to the Commissioners,
and finally sold by auction, when it was purchased by two
Protestant friends acting on Mr. Blundell's behalf.
On the landing of Charles II., in 1660, Mr. Blundell went
with other loyal subjects to meet the king, but was disappointed
in the hopes which he shared with other Catholics of obtaining
some relief from their oppressed condition. In 1679 he lost a
great friend in Mr. Langhorne, a lawyer, who was put to death
for the infamous Titus Gates plot, and his eldest son, Fr.
Nicholas Blundell, S.J., a mild and inoffensive man, was
accused of being engaged in a plot to set fire to the city of
London.
After suffering at various times five imprisonments, he was
again arraigned in his old age for participation in the sham
2 50 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Lancashire plot of 1694, and after acquittal he was suffered to
remain unmolested at Crosby Hall, where he peaceably expired,
May 24, 1698, and was interred at Sefton Church, where many
generations of the family repose. He was succeeded by his
second son, William Blundell.
Mr. Blundell was an able man, and though he had not had
much early education, cultivated literature assiduously through
life. Notwithstanding his lameness he travelled about a great
deal, and went abroad several times. Wherever he went he
found something to notice and to record. Amongst his corre
spondents was Roger L/Estrange, the well-known political
writer. From some passages in his Note-Book it would seem
that he occasionally contributed items of news for the Weekly
Intelligencer, published twice a week.
Rev. T. E. Gibson, Letter to the Author, and Crosby Records.
1. Crosby Records. A Cavalier's Note-Book, being notes,
anecdotes, and observations of William Blundell of Crosby,
Lancashire, Esq., Capt. of Dragoons under Major-Gen. Sir
Thomas Tildesley, Knt., in the Royalist Army of 1642. Edited,
with introductory chapters, by the Rev. T. Ellison Gibson. Lond.
1880, sm. 410., pp. viii.~3i2, extracted from some Common Place-books at
Crosby.
2. A History of the Isle of Man, 1648-1656. Printed from a
manuscript, edited by W. Harrison. Manx Society, vols. xxv., xxvii.,
1859, 8vo.
3. A Short Treatise on the Penal Laws. Lond. sm. 4to., pp. 85. A
copy of which is at Crosby.
4. Correspondence. Several vols. MSS. at Crosby. His letters are
well written, but are chiefly of a local character.
Blundeston, Nicholas, Esq., of Hexgrave, in the parish
of Farnesfield, co. Nottingham, married, about 1591, Margaret,
daughter of Richard Wiseman, of Flingrige, co. Essex, Esq.,
sister of Sir W. Wiseman, of Broadoaks, Essex. In the reign
of Elizabeth Mr. Blundeston's affairs seem to have been in
great confusion, and William Cecil, the Lord Treasurer, acting
in some capacity which has not been explained, sold nearly all
the Blundeston estates, buying the greater portion himself, on
condition that his son and heir should free Mr. Blundeston from
his difficulties. After the death of Cecil, the sold estates fell
into the possession of the Crown. Mr. Blundeston demanded
restitution of the Earl of Exeter, the son and heir of the Lord
Treasurer, but was refused, and in consequence went to law,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 251
and the result of a long struggle was but to recover a small
part of the money expended in the several actions.
In the meantime, both Mr. Blundeston and his wife were
reconciled to the Church, which was partly the reason why he
recovered so little, another reason being the potency of his
adversary, and he soon found himself in prison, where he was
detained three years. He had two brothers Catholics, who
were likewise imprisoned for their faith, and other members of
his family suffered in the same cause. He was a second time
imprisoned on account of a book he wrote and published,
proving that the oath of supremacy and allegiance was illegal,
and could not by right itself be taken by any one. His pro
perty was likewise confiscated for refusing to take this oath,
and he was still in prison in 1614. He had seven sons, two
of whom at least were priests.
Lawrence, the eldest, who assumed the name of Chone, was
in his early years brought up a Protestant, but was reconciled
by the Rev. Oswald Needham, and whilst still a youth was
imprisoned for attending at Mass. He entered the English
College, Rome, Oct. 4, 1614, at the age of twenty-two, where
he was ordained priest, March 25, 1620, and left for the English
mission in the following October.
Another son, Daniel, used the alias of Robert Campion
while abroad, and was first sent to the Jesuit College at St.
Omer ; but from thence, in 1 6 1 6, proceeded to the English
College, Valladolid, in Spain, where he studied philosophy and
divinity. He then became Professor of Humanities at Douay
College, but his desire to improve himself in divinity induced
him to leave Douay for Paris, Dec. 2, 1623, and he joined his
learned countrymen at Arras College, where he proceeded in
degrees and was created D.D, Returning to Douay he took
the Chair of Divinity, which he retained until he was invited by
the monks of the monastery of Hennin, near Douay, to read
lectures in divinity to the novices of that community. Things
not turning out according to his expectations, he returned to
Douay College and was sent to the English mission, May 15,
1628. On landing at Dover, he was seized and committed to
prison for refusing to take the oath of supremacy, but after a
short confinement he was discharged. He spent most of the
remainder of his days in the north of England, where he was
held in high esteem by his brethren.
252 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Dodd, CJi. Hist. ; Foley, Records S.J., vol. i. ; Douay Diaries.
I. A Treatise proving the Oath of Supremacy and Allegiance to be
illegal, and that it cannot by right itself be taken by any one.
Blyth, Francis, S.T.P., a Discalced Carmelite, was
educated in the Protestant principles of his parents. Occa
sionally, however, he felt dissatisfied with the practice of the
Established Church, and sometimes mentioned his scruples to
the parson of his parish. On one occasion, observing the
manner in which he administered baptism, he took the liberty
of expostulating with him, and expressed his apprehension that
the child had not been duly baptised ; to which the clergyman
answered that he had better become a Papist at once. From
this time Mr. Blyth redoubled his inquiries, and these ended in
his becoming a Catholic.
Soon after he entered among the English Carmes, who had
a house at Tongres, and became a noted preacher. He was
also Professor of Divinity there, and was Provincial of his Order
during the time that Bishop Stonor lodged complaints at Rome
against Fr. Gordon, a Carme, who lived at Longford, near
Newport, Salop, the seat of one of the Talbots, which, with so
many other complaints against Fr. Rolls, O.S.F., led to the
Brief of Benedict XIV., addressed to the Vicars-Apostolic,
under date May 30, 1753, by which the Rules of the English
Mission were laid down, the jurisdiction of the Vicars-Apos
tolic confirmed, and the privileges of the Religious carefully
defined.
The chapel at the Portuguese Embassy in London seems to
have been the scene of most, if not all, of Fr. Blyth's missionary
life. Here he died, Dec. 31, 1772, aged 66, and was buried
in the cemetery of St. Pancras, where a memorial was raised to
his memory.
He was a man of great literary attainments, and author of
many estimable spiritual treatises. He was engaged, in con
junction with Bishop Challoner, in publishing a new and fine
edition of the Rheims Testament, and was also the author of a
paraphrase on the seven penitential psalms.
Fr. Blyth was a near relative of his namesake, Francis Blyth,
the printer and part proprietor of the Public Ledger, a daily
morning paper, and the London Packet, an evening paper pub
lished three times a week, which were supported by the produc-
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 253
tions of Goldsmith, Kelly, and other literary men. The printer
died in 1787.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS. ; Barnard, Life of Challoner ;
Cotton, Rheims and Douay Testaments ; Timperley, Typo. Diet. ;
Cansick, Epitaphs of St. Pancras.
1. The Rheims Testament, with Annotations and Proofs of the
Doctrines of the Catholic Church taken from the writings of the
Holy Fathers, and a copious index to point out those proofs in
every matter of controversy. Lond. 1738, fol. Edited in conjunction
with Bishop Challoner.
2. A devout Paraphrase on the Seven Penitential Psalms ; or,
A Practical Guide to Repentance, 1741, s.l. Svo. ; 2nd Edit. 1742,
8vo. ; 7th Edit. 1751 ; 1873, i6mo.
3. Eternal Misery the necessary consequence of infinite
mercy abused. A Sermon (on Ps. Ixii. 12). To which is prefixed
a preface containing a full answer to Mr. Whiston's late Treatise
against the eternity of hell torments. Lond. 2nd Edit. 1742, Svo.
In reply to William Whiston's " Eternity of Hell Torments considered,"
Lond. 1740. Svo.
4. Sermons for every Sunday in the Year. Lond. 1742-3,
4 vols. Svo. Dublin, 1763, 2 vols. 410., with an Appendix containing some
Avulse Sermons.
5. Explanation of the Respect paid to the Holy Cross; or,
" Explanation of the Adoration of the Holy Cross." Several times
reprinted.
6. Caution against Prejudices in Matters of Devotion.
" In which," observed Bishop Milner (Aug. 28, 1816), "he shews himself
to have the greatest ! "
7. The Streams of Eternity.
8. Sermon on the Veneration of the Cross.
9. Sermon on the Passion of our Lord.
10. A Farewell Sermon.
11. An Exhortation to decent Behaviour in Chapels. MS.
Printed in the "Laity's Directory" for 1794, "taken from the original in
the MS., in his own handwriting, still preserved in the Portuguese Chapel."
12. The Life of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ in a Series
of Devout Meditations, written in Latin above 500 years since
and Translated into English by the Rev. Edw. Yates. Lond. 1773.
Svo. Edited by F. B. ; Lond. 1774. Svo., pp. 424. From St. Bonaventura.
13. He probably published some other single sermons and devotional
tracts.
Boardman, Peter, a lieutenant in the Royal army, who
lost his life at Bradford during the Civil War.
Castlemain, Cath. Apology.
Booking, Edward, O.S.B., of Christchurch, Canterbury,
was appointed by Archbishop Warham confessor to Elizabeth
254 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Barton, called the Holy Maid of Kent, whose ecstasies and
revelations were then causing a great sensation, and were the
subject of inquiry. Bocking soon professed himself a believer
in her inspired character, and in this opinion he seems to
have received the support of Sir Thomas More and Bishop
Fisher.
The Maid's reproofs of the conduct of the sensual king and
her predictions of the chastisement which would ensue if he
persisted in his evil course, moved Henry to close her mouth
and prevent the circulation of her sayings. To do this the
more effectually it was deemed necessary to make an example
of some of those who had believed her to have spoken, moved
by the Spirit of God.
Bocking, with others, was therefore attainted of treason,
drawn from the Tower of London to Tyburn, and there hanged
and beheaded, April 20, 1534.
There can be no doubt that Henry's action in regard to the
Holy Maid of Kent, and those who suffered in the same cause,
was mainly incited by the opposition to his divorce and the
refusal to acknowledge his Majesty as the Supreme Head of
the Church in England.
It is, indeed, asserted that at the place of execution the
priests were offered their lives if they would renounce the
Pope and subscribe to the king's supremacy, which they refused
to do.
Leivis, Sanders' Anglican Schism; Lingard, Hist, of Eng.,
ed. 1849, vol. v. pp. 2327; Parkinson, Coll. Anglo-Min.,
pp. 229-230.
Bodenham, Charles de la Barr, Esq., of Rotherwas
Park, co. Hereford, J.P. and D.L., and Knight of the Order of
St. John, was born May 4, 1813, and was the son and heir of
Charles Thomas Bodenham, Esq.
He married, April 23, 1850, the Countess Irena-Maria,
daughter of Joseph Count Dzierzy Kraj-Morawska, of Operow,
Grand Duchy of Posen, and died in 1883, aged 70.
The Bodenhams, descended from the family of that name
seated at Bodenham, co. Hereford, obtained Rotherwas in
marriage with the daughter and heiress of Walter de la Barr.
Burke, Commoners ; Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 255
i. Correspondence between the Messrs. Bodenham and M. A.
Tierney (relating to a conversation about the Jesuits between
Charles de la Barr Bodenham and M. A. Tierney). Edited by the
latter. (Lond.) 1840. Svo. Privately printed.
Bodenham, Charles Thomas, Esq., of Rotherwas Park,
co. Hereford, was born Feb. 15, 1783, and was the son of
Charles Bodenham, Esq., of the same place, by Bridget,
daughter of Thomas Hornyold, of Blackmore Park, co. Wor
cester, Esq. The Bodenhams were a very ancient family,
tracing their descent from the earliest periods, and had been
seated at Rotherwas from the time of Henry VII.
He married, in 1810, Elizabeth Mary, daughter of Thomas
Weld, of Lulworth Castle, Esq., and while yet a young man
was a member of the Catholic Board, and with his relative, Mr.
Weld, afterwards Cardinal, almost alone supported Dr. Milner
in opposing the concessions which it was proposed to make in
regard to the oath.
Mr. Bodenham's father was head of the Bank at Hereford,
and in 1825, when the terrible crash came, was compelled to
suspend, and on this occasion his son came forward to the
rescue in a most praiseworthy and magnaminous manner.
He died Dec. 5, 1865, aged 82.
Burke, Commoners ; Tablet, Dec. 23, 1865,
1. Correspondence between the Messrs. Bodenham and Canon
Tierney. Lond. 1840. Svo.
2, Mrs. Herbert and the Villagers ; or, Familiar Conversations
on the Principal Duties of Christianity. By Mrs. E. M. de
Bodenham. Lond. I2mo., 2 vols. ; Dublin, 1853, 12mo., 2 vols. ; frequently
reprinted, the loth Edit. Lond. 1878, I2mo., vol. i. pp. 344 ; vol. ii. pp. 318.
Body, John, gentleman, martyr, was born in the city of
Wells, in Somersetshire, where his father was a wealthy mer
chant, and had been mayor of the town. He was sent to New
College, Oxford, where he proceeded M.A., and for some time
studied the canon and civil law ; but disliking the established
religion, went over to Douay College, the common refuge in
those days of such as left England for the Catholic cause, where
he arrived May i, 1577, and was for some time a convictor in
the college. After his return home, both he and John Slade,
a schoolmaster, were so zealous in maintaining the old religion,
that they were apprehended in consequence, and prosecuted
under the Article of Supremacy. They were both arraigned
256 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
together at Winchester, and there tried and condemned. With
out previous example in English history they were twice, at
different times in the city of Winchester, sentenced to death
upon the same indictment, which Cardinal Allen, in his answer
to Lord Burleigh's " Justitia Britannica," imputes to a conscious
ness on the part of their prosecutors that the first sentence was
unjust and illegal. They both suffered with great constancy.
Mr. Slade was hanged, drawn and quartered at Winchester,
Oct. 30, 1583, and Mr. Body at Andover, three days later,
Nov. 2, 1583.
CJialloner, Memoirs ; Lewis, Sanders Anglican Schism.
i. Account of the Trial and Execution of John Slade, school
master, and John Body, M.A. Written by a Protestant, and an eye
witness, signed R. B. ; printed at London, by Richard Jones, 1583.
Bolbet, Richard, a Yorkshire gentleman, died in prison,
for the faith, in 1589, either in the castle of Hull, or that of
York.
Morris, Troubles, Third Scries.
Bolland, Thomas, printer and publisher, of Spurriergate,
York, issued several Catholic works in the early part of this
century. He was probably brother to Mr. George Bolland, who
died at York, Dec. 2, 1825, aged 61, whose elder brother had
been for nearly forty years master of the Catholic Charity
School in that city.
Laity's Directory, 1826, &c.
Bolt, John, priest, musician, a native of the city of
Exeter, and brother to the knight of that name, was born
about 1563, and for two or three years resided at Court, where
he was in great request for his voice and musical talents. A
strong desire to become a Catholic induced him to steal away
from the Court and go and live among Catholics, where after
some time he was reconciled to the faith. The Queen having
heard of his departure, fell out with the Master of Music, and
" would have flung her pantoufle at his head for looking no
better unto him ; " but Bolt lived secretly in gentlemen's houses,
being welcome everywhere on account of his talents.
At length he was apprehended by the infamous Topcliffe,
who took him for a priest. He was taken with others in
Golding Lane, London, in March, 1593-4, and was thrown
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 257
into prison, where he remained in irons for some time. In his
examination it appears that he had formerly been in the
service of Sir John Petre, of Thorndon, in Essex, and after
wards went to Mr. Verney's house, in Warwickshire, to teach
Mr. Bassett's children to sing and play on the virginal, since
which he had stayed with Mr. Morgan Robins, in Finsbury
Fields, and Mr. Wiseman, of Braddocks, in Essex. Topcliffe
intended to torture him to compel him to confess what he
knew of priests and Catholics, but his friends hearing of it
persuaded Lady Rich, who had known him at Court, to write a
letter in his behalf, and at length, after much trouble, he was
released. Notwithstanding an invitation to return to the
Court and live without molestation to his conscience, Mr. Bolt
retired to the Continent, and in due course was ordained priest at
Douay College, in 1605.
Going over to Louvain, in 1613, to be present at Sister
Magdalen Throckmorton's profession, he was induced to remain
at St. Monica's Convent as chaplain and organist, and there he
died Aug. 3, 1640, aged 77.
Morris, Troubles, First Series ; Morris, Life of Fr. John
Gerard ; Douay Diaries.
i. When he was arrested, in 1593, the "Jesus Psalter," by Richard
Whitford, a Bridgeltine monk of Sion House, and " Why do I use my
paper, pen, and ink?" by Fr. Hen. Walpole, in Mr. Bolt's own handwriting,
were discovered on his person, with a manuscript poem, " St. Peter's Com
plaint," by Fr. Southwell. None of his musical compositions have been,
recorded.
Bolton, or Boulton, Edmund^ a critic and antiquary,
was bom in 1574 or 1575, and studied for several years at
Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He then resided for some time in
the Inner Temple, studying law and history. At this period of
his life he travelled over many parts of England and Ireland in
search of antiquities. Being deprived on account of his
religion of all opportunities of achieving success in the
ordinary walks of life, he conformed to the bent of an early
inclination, and devoted his life to literature with so much
assiduity and success, that there was probably no person of his
time, except Camden, Spelman, and Selden, who went beyond
him. He was a kinsman of Villiers, Marquis (afterwards
Duke) of Buckingham, and it was probably through the interest
VOL. I. S
258 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
of that nobleman that he obtained an introduction to the Court
of King James I.
In 1617, Bolton proposed to the king a design for a Royal
Academy, or College, and Senate of Honour, on the most magni
ficent scale. The scheme was afterwards spoken of in favourable
terms by the Marquis of Buckingham in the House of Peers, and
in 1624 the details were finally settled. The Academy Royal of
King James was to have been a corporation with a royal charter,
and to have a mortmain of ^"200 a year, and a common seal. It
was to consist of three classes of persons, who were to be
called Tutelaries, Auxiliaries, and Essentials. The Tutelaries
were to be Knights of the Garter, with the Lord Chancellor,
and the Chancellors of the two Universities ; the Auxiliaries
were to be lords and others selected out of the flower of the
nobility, and councils of war and of the new plantations ; and
the Essentials, upon whom the weight of the work was to lie,
were to be " persons called from out of the most able and most
famous lay gentlemen of England, masters of families, or
being men of themselves, and either living in the light of
things or without any title of profession, or art of life for lucre,
such persons being already of other bodies." The members of
the Academy were to have extraordinary privileges, and
amongst others, were to have the superintendence of the
review, or the review itself, of all English translations of
secular learning, to authorize all books which did not handle
theological arguments, and to give to the vulgar people indices
expurgatory and expunctory upon all books of secular learning
printed in English. Eventually, however, the whole scheme
was abandoned by the politicians of the day. If Bolton had
been successful, he would have had the rare distinction of
having introduced a new element into English society an
order of men of literature whose distinction was obtained by
intellectual exertion, as poets, scholars, philosophers, anti
quaries, and artists.
Mr. Bolton was alive in Aug. 1633, but the date of his
decease is not known.
Cooper, Biog. Diet.
1. The Life of Henry II., King of England.
2. The Elements of Armories. Lond. 1610. 4to., pp. 210. Ded. to
" Henrie, Earl of Northampton," &c., after which are commendations by
W. Segar, and five others, and an address to the reader. The work consists
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 259
of a dialogue between two knights, Sir Eustace and Sir Amias. It is
written in a very pedantic style, but many curious examples are brought
forward, and it is illustrated by woodcuts spiritedly executed.
3. Carmen Congratulatorium de Traductione Corporis Maries
Beginse Scotorum, a Petriburgo ad Westmonasterium. MS. Bib.
Cottoniana, subtitul. A. 13.
4. The Roman Histories of Lucius Julius Plorus. A translation.
(1618), I2mo. ; 1636, 8vo.
5. Nero Cassar; or Monarchic depraved, an historicall worke.
Lond. 1624, fol. With engr. title by Delaram; ded. to the Duke of
Buckingham, Lord Admiral.
In this work he brings coins, medals, and inscriptions in aid of the
information left by the Roman historians.
6. Hypercritica ; or, a Rule of Judgment for writing or read
ing our History's.
This highly esteemed and sensible treatise, written in 1617, which Mr.
Hunter remarks is never mentioned but with some token of approbation,
will be found in "Nic. Triveti Annalium continuatio," published by Dr. Hall,
Oxon, 1722, 8vo., and Halsewood's " Ancient Critical Essays upon English
Poets and Poesy," vol. ii. 1811. 4to.
Dr. Bliss observes that a MS. in the Bodleian Library (Rawl. Misc. i)
containing part only of the " Hypercritica," differs considerably from that
from which Dr. Hall printed his edition.
7. Rules made by Edmund Bolton for children to write by.
(In verse.) A new Booke, containing all sortes of handes usually
written at this daie in Christendom. 1590. obi. 8vo.
8. Agon Heroicus, concerning arms and armories.
An abstract of which is in MS. Cotton. Lib., Faust, e.i. 7, folio 63.
9. The Proposition made in Parliament concerning an Aca
demy Royal, or College and Senate of Honor, by the Lord
Marquis of Buckingham, and there approved ; as it was occa
sioned and founded upon the reasons severally presented to his
Sacred Majesty, and to his Lordship before Christmas last, A.D.
1620, in the name of the Honour of the Kingdom and of the
Antiquities thereof. MS. Harl. 1643.
10. Vindicise Britannicee ; or, London righted by rescues and
recoveries of antiquities of Britain in general, and of London
in particular, against unwarrantable prejudices, and historical
antiquitations amongst the learned; for the more honour and
perpetual just uses of the noble island and the city. MS.
Bolton, Joseph, priest, was the son of William Bolton, of
Ribbleton, near Preston, Lancashire, yeoman, and Anne Black-
burne, his wife.
His family were constant sufferers for the faith. His father
was convicted of recusancy at the Lancaster Sessions held
Jan. 15, 1716, and in the following year he registered his estate,
which consisted of leaseholds in Ashton-super-Ribble and Lea,
S 2
260 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
in accordance with the Act of I Geo. I., which obliged Papists
to register their names and real estates.
Mr. Bolton was born in 1736, and was sent to Douay, where
he took the college oath, Nov. 4, 1759. After his ordination
he was stationed in London, and for many years lived with
Bishop Challoner as his chaplain, and after his death was
appointed Vicar-General to his successor, Bishop Talbot.
When the Act of 1778 for the repeal of a few of the Penal
Laws was before the House of Commons, Mr. Bolton was
examined by the committee, and being asked by one of the
members if the number of Catholics increased, he candidly
answered, " I fear not." His answer caused much laughter.
At the time of the riots, in 1780, he shared in the anxieties,
difficulties, and dangers of his venerable Bishop, and though he
escaped personal violence, yet his health was materially im
paired in consequence of the trials he had undergone. Indeed,
he was in so precarious a state in the summer of 1783, that he
was obliged to leave London, and he accompanied Mr. Wilkin
son to St. Omer, but derived no benefit from his change.
Returning to London, he died on the i6th of the following
December, sincerely regretted by all who knew him and were
acquainted with his many virtues.
He was a member of the Chapter, and was agent for Sedgley
Park for many years after the opening of that school, and
materially served that and its sister establishment at Brook
Green, Hammersmith.
His death is thus recorded in the diary of William Mawhood,
Esq. : "Tuesday, Dec. 16, 1783, Mr. Bolton died this morn
ing at 8 o'clock."
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS., Archiepisc. Archives; Maw-
hood, Diary, MS. ; Gillow, Lancashire Recusants, MS.
i . A Sentimental Letter from a Gentleman to a Lady. Lond.
This was addressed to Mrs. Bayley, the Superioress of the Convent
School at Brook Green, which Mr. Bolton attended, and of which he was a
great patron and friend.
Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London, was born either at
Elmely or Potters- Henley, in Worcestershire. His father was
Edmund Bonner, a sawyer of Potters-Henley, and his mother's
name was Elizabeth Frodsham, though it was reported that his
true father was George Savage, parson of Devenham, in Cheshire,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 26 1
natural son of Sir John Savage, of Clifton, in that county, K.G.,
one of the Council of Henry VII.
This charge of illegitimacy was brought against Bonner by
Bale, Bishop of Ossory, and others, with the object, not merely
of annoying the Bishop of London, but to furnish a ground for
denying the validity of his orders, and, therefore, of all acts
performed by him in his episcopal character. Maitland says
that Bonner was not the only prelate against whom this
weapon was used by the reformers. It seems to have been a
mere fiction, and its falsehood is unquestionably established by
the testimony of Bonner's most bitter enemies.
About the year 1512, he was sent to Broadgate Hall,
Oxford, now Pembroke College, where he progressed so
rapidly that he was created Doctor of Canon Law, June 12,
1519, and Bachelor of Civil Law in the following month.
After receiving orders he left the university for a cure in
Worcestershire, but returned in 1525 to complete his degrees.
He was successively rector of Ripley, Bleden, Dereham, Chef-
wick, and Cherryburton, and gradually came under the notice
of the Court, and received the appointment of King's Chaplain.
He had now an opportunity of displaying his talents, which he
frequently did with remarkable acuteness and judgment in
matters of canon law.
Bonner's ability, however, was easily enlisted in the furtherance
of the king's divorce, and he was frequently sent abroad on
this mission, and jointly with others was engaged in commis
sions at the Courts of France, Rome, Denmark, and the
Imperial Court, and received several preferments in recognition
of his services. He was Master of Faculties to the Archbishop
of Canterbury, and, in 1535, was appointed Archdeacon of
Leicester. In 1538 he was nominated to the See of Hereford,
but before his consecration was transferred to the See of
London, and consecrated April 4, 1540, the delay arising
through his absence abroad. He was expediently grateful,
says Mr. Burke ; he spoke and acted with the Court, advocated
the divorce of Katharine of Arragon, supported the king's
supremacy, and the dissolution of the monastic houses. In
later days came the revulsion. After the death of Henry,
Bishop Bonner became conscious of the mischief he had done
the Church in the reign of his " good old master."
Though very complaisant in matters of discipline, he stood
262 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
firm as to all doctrinal points, and played his part with such
dexterity that for a long time the reformers were unable to
deprive him of his episcopal See. From the beginning he had
shown a dislike to the proceedings of the Government, and was
suspected of much more than could be charged against him.
To put him to the test, he was enjoined by an order of Council to
preach at St. Paul's Cross, Sept. I, I 549, and the subject of his
oration was to be the validity of the king's power during his
minority, for it was maintained by some that, as the king was
incapable of judgment at that age, he could not change the
general and fundamental laws of the nation until nature, and
the statutes then in force, rendered him capable. This was
held by the Devonshire and Norfolk rebels, and Dr. Bonner lay
under the suspicion of being an abettor. Two clergymen,
William Latimer, B.D., parson of St. Laurence Pountney, and
John Hooper (formerly a monk and afterwards Bishop of
Gloucester), were secretly instructed to be present at the
oration, and according to their instructions impeached him for
not touching on the king's power during his minority, as he had
been enjoined.
Upon this accusation, Bonner was summoned, and a court of
delegates, principally consisting of laymen, was commissioned
for his trial. It was empowered not only to suspend and
deprive, but also to excommunicate him, in case he was found
guilty. The Bishop's skill in canon law, and his intimate
acquaintance with civil law, not only enabled him to defend
himself, but also to completely baffle the delegates during the
three sessions of his trial, Sept. 13, 16, and 18. He pressed
them hard with insuperable difficulties, and had prepared notes
for many more, had he not clearly observed that his trial
was merely formal, and that his overthrow, legally or illegally,
was a foregone conclusion. He maintained that, as he had
preached against the Devonshire and Norfolk rebels, it was, by
implication, an acknowledgment of the king's power during his
minority, which he considered was sufficient to refute the
principal charge of his arraignment, especially if the evidence
of his accusers was duly weighed, for both Latimer and Hooper
had formerly been warned and threatened by him for holding
erroneous doctrines, especially concerning the Blessed Sacra
ment ; and, therefore, he argued that their evidence should be
rejected as partial and instigated by revenge. In conclusion,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 263
some smart and high words passed between the Bishop and
Secretary Smith, who told Bonner that his behaviour was inso
lent, and that he ought to be immediately committed to prison.
The Bishop very calmly replied that he had a right to three
things, a few effects, a poor carcass, and his soul. The two
former they might take from him, the last he would keep out
of their power. "And to let you see," he added, " that I acknow
ledge the king's power in his minority, I protest the jurisdiction
of your court, and appeal direct to his royal authority and
person."
In the issue he was committed a prisoner to the Marshalsea,
Sept. 21,1 549, and conveyed there in his episcopal robes, where
he was kept in close confinement, not being permitted even the
use of pen, ink, or paper, and no fire. Cranmer was censured
for this cruelty.
The Bishop was detained in prison during the remainder of
the reign of Edward VI., and was not released until Mary
restored him to his See. Mary looked upon Bonner's deprivation
as illegal, since secular persons in an inferior court were chiefly
employed in the commission, and this view is taken by Collier
and other Protestant historians, who even held that an appeal
to Convocation would have reversed the decree of the dele
gates. But these were not times to appeal to Convocations,
whose power had been crippled by the appointment of a lay
president.
As to Bonner's behaviour in Queen Mary's reign, Protestant
historians have made the most of those scenes of cruelty and
blood which disgraced his diocese, but calmer judgments must
now allow that many of the pictures were drawn under a trans
port of passion, and others too highly coloured by the partisan's
brush.
Lingard states that it is doubtful whether Bonner deserved
all the odium which has been heaped upon him. The Council
commanded ; the Bishop obeyed. It is not asserted that he
infringed the statutes. Foxe and Strype admit in favour of
Bonner, that " as the law stood, he could not refuse to hear
those heresy appeals as they were sent forward by the Council."
As a priest, it was the duty of Bonner to have nothing to do
with the sacrifice of human life. It is only justice to state,
however, that he was severely rebuked by the Council for not
acting with expedition in cases of some obstinate heretics.
264 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Furthermore, it must not be forgotten that he was diligent
in his pastoral duties, and took great pains to improve the
morals of his diocese, as well as to reduce them to the religion
of their ancestors.
But to proceed to the last part of his life. When Elizabeth
ascended the throne, Bishop Bonner was among the first attacked
by summons, and refusing to comply to the oath of supremacy,
was committed a second time to the Marshalsea. Here he
remained undisturbed until about the year 1563, when Horn,
Bishop of Winchester, summoned him to take the oath of
supremacy ; but Bonner refusing, again on his indictment
defended himself with marked ability, and insisted on Horn's
incapacity as not being a true bishop in the eye of the law,
that he was an intruder in the See of Winchester, and that he
was neither elected nor consecrated pursuant to the canons of
the Church or the statutes of the realm.
In order to surmount this difficulty the case was kept pend
ing until an Act was passed in the next Parliament, 8th Elizabeth,
whereby the consecration of the archbishops and bishops in
the beginning of the reign were declared and confirmed.
Bishop Bonner therefore spent the remainder of his life in
the Marshalsea prison, where with cheerful temper and Christian
resignation he was a comfort both to himself and others, and
took his leave of the world, Sept. 5, 1569.
It is a difficult task to write the character of one who has
varied his principles and behaviour, but if any one merited to
have such a blot in his life overlooked, it is Bishop Bonner. He
was not one of those occasional conformists who struck in with
every change. He was indeed carried away with the stream
in the earlier part of his career, but he quickly recovered him
self, and ever afterwards remained firm to his principles.
Justice has not been done him by the generality of
writers, who ungenerously omit his high qualifications, and show
as little mercy in giving his character as he is charged with
having shown to those who fell under his hand while he was in
power. Maitland, however, gives him the character of a man
straightforward and hearty, familiar and humorous, sometimes
rough, perhaps coarse, naturally hot-tempered, but obviously
(by the testimony of his enemies) placable and easily entreated,
capable of bearing most patiently much intemperate and insolent
language, much reviling and low abuse, directed against himself
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
265
personally, against his Order, and against those peculiar doctrines
of his Church for maintaining which he had himself suffered
the loss of all things, and borne long imprisonment. At the
same time not incapable of being provoked into saying harsh
ionate things, but much more frequently meaning
>y the threatenings and slaughter which he breathed
to intimidate those on whose ignorance and simplicity
seemed to be thrown away in short, any one of the
ailed by those who were no friends to Bonner can
e read with attention without seeing in him a judge
h granted that he was dispensing bad laws badly) was
desirous to save the prisoner's life.
Dixon's portrait of Bonner's early life is not favourable
putation as a cleric. He was a thorough man of the
id was consequently suited to become one of King
igents in the iniquitous divorce litigation,
describes him as " a clerical judge who had never been
lous persecutor, and was sick of his work."
remarks that his conduct to the Head of his own
i Henry's reign, might tend to enlist the sympathy of
riters in his favour, for at that period he did far more
|te the Reformation than to uphold Catholicity in
[elusion it may be said, if it be true that he was
and insulting when in power, he was never abject or
hen reduced. There was a remarkable cheerfulness
parent in his countenance during his long confinement,
11 intrepidity in his behaviour, as could proceed from
t conscious innocence and the strength of his own
266 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
of London Diocese, whereby that Execrable Antichrist is in his right colours
revealed." 1554. 8vo.
5. A Profitable and Necessary Doctrine, for the Instruction
and Enformation of the People within his Diocese, and of his
Cure and Charge. Lond. 1554, 410.; again 1555, impr. by John
Cawode, 4to. It is an exposition of the Creed, seven Sacraments, &c., in
thirteen homilies.
This Catechism is said to have been composed by his chaplains, John
Harpesfield and Henry Pendleton, extracted from the " Institution of a
Christian Man," with certain variations.
6. Homelies sette forth by the righte reverende father in God,
Edmunde Byshop of London, not onely promised before in his
booke, intituled, A Necessary Doctrine, but also now of late
adjoyned, and added thereto, to be read within his diocesse of
London, of all persons, vycars, and curates, unto theyr
parishioners, upon Sondayes and holy days. 1555. Lond. John
Cawood, 410.
7. In 1842 appeared the " Life and Defence of the Conduct and Principles
of the Venerable and Calumniated Bishop Bonner, in which is considered the
best mode of again changing the religion of this nation. By a Tractarian
British Critic." Lond. 8vo.
This ironical work was an attempt by Prebendary Tremyard to expose
and damage the Catholic tendency of the Oxford Tracts.
Booker, Thomas, bookseller, printer, and publisher, of
New Bond Street, London, died June 24, 1793, and seems to
have been the founder of the firm of this name so long and
honourably connected with the Catholic bookselling business.
His wife, Elizabeth, survived him, and carried on the business
at 56 New Bond Street, with her two sons, Thomas and Joseph
Booker ; and subsequently her daughters, Mary Booker and
Mrs. Dolman, successively took part in the continuity of the
firm. Mrs. Booker died June 17, 1821, aged 84.
Thomas Booker died Feb. 26, 1826, but had previously dis
associated himself from his brother, Joseph Booker, who con
tinued the business at 61 New Bond Street.
Joseph Booker was not only highly esteemed in his business,
in which he issued many creditable publications, but was also
honoured for the activity he displayed in Catholic affairs. For
twenty-six years he devoted his services as Honorary General
Secretary of the Associated Catholic Charities, and, at his death,
March 21, 1837, secured the grateful and affectionate memory
of his fellow-labourers, the governors and committees of that
institution.
After his death, his sister, Mary Booker, conducted the busi-
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 267
ness at the same address, in conjunction with her nephews,
Charles Dolman and Thomas Booker. She died Aug. 2, 1840,
aged 66, and the business was continued by Dolman in his own
name. It was subsequently transferred to a Limited Company
under the title of "The Catholic Bookselling and Publishing
Company," which resulted very unfavourably. Dolman died
in Paris in 1862, and, after the collapse of the company, the
name of Booker once more appeared over the establishment at
6 1 New Bond Street
Thomas Booker, the younger, left a son and namesake, who
established himself chiefly as a printer at 37 Ranelagh Street,
Liverpool, on the death of his aunt, Mary Booker, in 1840.
Here he printed some prayer-books, but he does not seem to
have confined himself to the business of a Catholic publisher
and printer. In 1848 he returned to London and opened a
similar establishment at 9 Rupert Street, Leicester Square,
but though at first he solicited Catholic support, he eventually
settled as a general printer, and died within the last five years.
Laity's Directories ; Timperley, Typo. Diet. ; &c.
1 . The Weekly Register, Lond. cr. 8vo., price 3^., printed and pub
lished by Thomas Booker, 9 Rupert Street, Leicester Square, with occasional
illustrations, commenced Aug. 4, 1849, and came to an end Jan. 26, 1850,
owing to the withdrawal of Mr. Dolman's connection, and the resignation of
its Editor, the Rev. Edw. Price. An account of Dolman 's Magazine will be
found under Charles Dolman.
2. The Catholic Register and Magazine, Lond. T. Booker, 8vo.,
vol. xi. No. 61, March 1850. The numbers refer to the establishment of
Dolman's Magazine in March 1845, from which the Register claimed descent.
It lasted only a few months.
3. Booker's Pocket-Book Directory, an annual, about 1844 et seq.
4. The Dublin Review, quarterly, commenced by Spooner, Lond., and
Wakeman, Dublin, in 1836, pub. by Booker & Dolman, in 1838, and Dolman
from 1839 to 1844, subsequently by Thos. Richardson & Son, and Burns &
Lambert.
5. The Easter Offering; A Catholic Annual for the Year 1832,
Lond. T. Booker, 1832. 8vo., with plates.
Booth, Edward, alias Barlow, priest, was born at War-
rington, in Lancashire, where several of his family were con
victed of recusancy. When he was about twenty years of
age, in 1659, ne went to the English College, Lisbon, where
he was ordained priest, and was sent back on the mission,
being placed with Lord Langdale, in Yorkshire. From here
he removed to Park Hall, Lancashire, the seat of the Hoghtons,
268 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
where he was living in 1701, and was then Vicar-General of
the Lancashire district.
Mr. Booth was always known by the name of Barlow, which
he took from his godfather, Fr. Ambrose Barlow, O.S.B., who was
martyred at Lancaster in 1641. He was a zealous missioner,
and a great friend of the poor in the neighbourhood of Park
Hall, Low, Strangeways, and Hindley, to whom he conformed
in his habits both as to dress and diet. He died in 1719, in
his 8 i st year.
It was a public loss that he was not more known to the
world. His qualifications were so useful that, had opportunity
offered, few could have gained greater reputation either in his
religious or secular capacity. The regularity of his life, his
mortified appetite, and his compassion for the poor, were,
indeed, truly apostolic. Though - ever poor himself, yet he
always found means to relieve the necessities of others.
He was a master in Latin and Greek, and had a competent
knowledge of Hebrew before he went abroad, and it has been
said that the age in which he lived hardly produced any one
better qualified by nature for mathematical sciences, for though
the number of works he read on those subjects was limited, yet
the whole system of natural causes seemed lodged within him
from his first coming to the use pf reason. Dodd assures us
that he had often been told by Mr. Barlow himself that his
first perusal of Euclid was as easy to him as a newspaper.
His name and fame are perpetuated in his invention of the
pendulum watch, yet according to the usual fate of most
inventors, whilst others were great gainers by his ingenuity,
Mr. Barlow would have reaped no benefit had not Mr. Tompson,
accidentally acquainted with the inventor's name, made him
a present of 200.
Dodd, Ck. Hist. ; Cath. Mag. 1835.
1. A Treatise of the origin of Springs, Wind, and the flux and
reflux of the Sea. With several Explanatory Maps. Lond. 1714.
8vo.
2. Meteorological Essays. Lond. 1715. 8vo.
3. An Exact Survey of the Tide, explicating its production
and propagation, variety and anomaly in all parts of the World,
especially near the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland. With a
preliminary Treatise concerning the origin of Springs, generation
of Rain, and production of Wind. With twelve curious Maps.
Lond. 1717. 2 vols. Svo.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 269
A second edition was published after the author's death, in 2 pts., Lond.
1722. 8vo. Part 2 has a separate pagination.
4. A Treatise of the Eucharist, 3 vols. 4to. MS.
Booth, James, an eminent counsel of Lincoln's Inn, was
brother to Fr. Charles Booth, S.J., who was born at St. Ger-
mains in 1707, where their father seems to have followed the
fortunes of the Stuarts.
Charles Butler, speaking of this eminent lawyer, states that
he was acknowledged to be the father of the modern practice
of conveyancing. He was not the author of any work, but his
written opinions were given at great length, and are very ela
borate. They were held in great esteem, and always mentioned
at the Bar, and from the Bench, with great respect. The copies
of them are numerous, and in the work, intituled " Printed
Copies of Opinions of Eminent Counsel," several of them found
their way to the press.
Dr. Oliver refers to the repute with which his treatise on
" Real Actions " was held.
Butler, Hist, Mem. of the Eng. Cat /is., 1822, vol. iv. p. 460 ;
Oliver, Collections, p. 244.
1. Opinions, published in "Printed Copies of Opinions of Eminent
Counsel."
2. Cases on the Popery Laws, MSS. dated from 1738 to 1764, at
Ushaw College.
3. Two Opinions on the claim made by Fr. Gilbert Talbot, S.J., thirteenth
Earl of Shrewsbury, on the Personal Estate of the Duke of Shrewsbury in
1743. MSS.
4. Opinions between 1764 and 1772, including an important one on
" The Duke of New-Castle's Case " dated from Lincoln's Inn,
Aug. 18, 1772. Grimshaw MSS. in the author's possession.
Borde, Andrew, Carthusian, M.D., in Latin Andreas
Perforatus, has the reputation of being the original Merry
Andrew, and was born at Boond's Hill, in Holmesdale, co.
Sussex, about the year I 500. He was educated at Oxford, and
became a Carthusian monk.
After the dissolution of his monastery by Henry VIII., when
most of his brethren were either executed or imprisoned, he
escaped to the Continent, and in pursuit of knowledge and
security for his conscience wandered through nearly all the
countries of Europe, and even some parts of Africa, until at
length he settled at Montpellier in France, where he took the
degree of Doctor of Physic. Shortly afterwards he returned to
England, and was incorporated in his medical degree at Oxford,
270 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
and also in the College of Physicians, London, and became an
eminent practitioner. For a time he resided at Pensey, with his
relations, who were people of position, and here his society was
in great request on account of his brilliant conversation and
universal knowledge, but at length he settled at his beloved
city of Winchester.
Notwithstanding his rambling life and the secular calling in
which he was engaged, forced upon him by the suppression of
his Order, he constantly practised the essential duties of his
original profession, drinking nothing but water three days a
week, wearing a hair shirt, and every night hanging his shroud
at the foot of his bed to remind him of death and his future
state. He was not only a strict observer of his vow of chastity,
but smartly denounced those priests and monks who had
married and violated their vows after the dissolution of their
monasteries. This created him many enemies, especially Poynet,
Bishop of Winchester, who endeavoured to cause him all the
trouble he could, and " foul-mouthed Bale," as Anthony a Wood
terms him, who traduces him as one exclaiming against vow-
breakers whilst privately keeping mistresses himself. But
these mistresses were proved to be only female patients whom
he was obliged to professionally attend, no physician being in
greater repute.
Hearne, the antiquary, speaks of Borde with the highest
admiration, and vindicates his character from the aspersions cast
upon it by such men as Bale. His reputation as a physician
was such as to induce many princes to apply to him for advice,
and it is stated by the best authorities that Henry VIII.
himself was of the number.
But his skill as a physician was equalled by the genius
displayed in his poetic and other writings, which in their day
have held a high position for wit and humour. Hearne tells
us that in his endeavours to alleviate the ills of humanity
he occasionally enacted the part of an itinerant doctor, inducing
the people more readily to flock to him by the humorous
speeches he would make.
At length this extraordinary man was thrown into prison, it
is thought on account of his religion, and died in the Fleet,
April, 1549.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Bliss, Wood's A then. Oxon. ; Hearne,
Benedictus Abb.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 271
1. Merie Tales of the Mad Men of Gotham, Lond. 1630. i2mo.
Frequently reprinted.
Wood says that in the reign of Hen. VIII. and after, " it was accounted
a book full of wit and mirth by scholars and gentlemen."
Hearne was of opinion that these idle pranks of the men of Gotham, a
town in Lincolnshire, bore reference to some customary law-tenures now
obsolete, and that Blount might have enriched his book on Ancient Tenures
with these ludicrous stories.
2. The Breviary of Health, wherein are Remedies for all
manner of Sicknesses and Diseases, which may be in Man or
Woman, expressing the obscure Terms of Greek, Latin
Barbarous and English, concerning Physick and Chirurgery.
Lond. 410. 1547-48-52-57-87-98, &c.
In the "Principles of Astronomy" the author refers to this work printed
by Will. Middleton, so that it must have originally appeared at an early
date.
Fuller, "Worthies," gives this the priority of any work published by
the faculty, and says that it was accounted such a jewel that it was printed
" cum privilegio ad imprime dum solum."
3. Pryncyples of Astronomye, the whiche diligently per-
scrutyd is in a maner a Prognosticacyon to the Worlde's end.
Lond., Flete-strete, at the Sygne of the Rose Garland, by Rob. Coplande,
I2mo. n.d. Lond. 1540, 8vo. ; Lond. 1814, 8vo.
4. The First Boke of the Introduction of Knowledge, the
which doth teach a man to speake part of al maner of languages,
and to knowe the usage and fashion of al maner of countryes,
and for to knowe the most part of al maner of Coins of Monie.
Lond. 1542, 4to. Bed. to Mary, daughter of Hen. VIII.
This was a new edition printed by Robert Coplands, and Dibdin says
that it was probably the most curious and generally interesting volume
ever put forth from the press of the Coplands. The work is partly in
verse and partly in prose, with wooden cuts prefixed to each of the thirty-
nine chapters. He never completed the second book. The work was
reprinted and edited by W. Upcott, Lond. 1814. 4to.
5. A ryght pleasant and merry Historic of the Mylner of
Abyngton, with his Wife and his faire Daughter, and of two poor
Scholars of Cambridge. Lond. 410.
Said to be a meagre epitome of Chaucer's Miller's Tale.
6. Regimente, or Dietarie of Helthe. Imprinted by me
Thomas Colwel, 1562, i6mo. ; 1564 ; 1567 ; 1576, 8vo.
Two editions by Robert Wyer, without dates, are in the Brit. Mus. Ac
cording to Warton "this is the only one of Borde's numerous works that can
afford any degree of entertainment to the modern reader ; where, giving direc
tions as a physician, concerning the choice of houses, diet, and apparel, and
not suspecting how little he should instruct, and how much he might amuse
a curious posterity, he has preserved many anecdotes of the private life,
customs, and arts of our ancestors."
7. A Book of Prognosticks.
8. Of Urines.
272 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
9. Of Every Region, Country and Province, which shews the
Miles, Leegs, Distance from City to City and from Town to Town,
with the noted things in the said Cities and Towns.
The MS. of this work was lent by the author to Tho. Cromwell, of Bishop's
Waltham, near Winchester, who lost it, to the great grief of Dr. Borde, who
would otherwise have published it.
10. His Peregrination, a MS. copy of which falling into the hands of
Hearne, was published by him.
11. Hearne alludes to " Scogan's Jests" (the favourite buffoon of the
Court of Edw. IV.), which he says was unjustly fathered on Dr. Borde, with
other worthless books, by unscrupulous publishers who wished to benefit by
his reputation for wit and humour.
Bordley, Simon George, priest and schoolmaster, was
born at Thurnham, near Lancaster, Oct. 28, 1709, and was the
son of William Bordley, of Thurnham, yeoman, who was con
victed of recusancy at the sessions held at. Lancaster, Oct. 2,
1716. It has been said that Mr. Bordley was for some time a
student at Oxford, and was then a Protestant. Both state
ments are improbable, for his father was not only convicted,
but also registered his estate, as a Catholic, and was hardly in
a position to send his son to Oxford. He returned, in 1717,
a leasehold in Cockerham from Lord Haversham, and a lease
hold in Thurnham from John Dalton, Esq., and mentions two
of his sons and one daughter, John, Thomas, and Elizabeth
Bordley.
Mr. Bordley was sent to Douay, and under the name of
George Bordley took the college oath, Oct. 3, 1728. He
began philosophy in that year with Mr. Alban Butler, and
displayed considerable abilities in every branch of his studies.
After his ordination, he left the college, Sept. 13, 1735,
after saying Mass at our Lady's altar that morning.
Moor Hall, Aughton, near Liverpool, seems to have been the
first seat of his labours, where his annual stipend, he says, was
only 5 ! This seems rather strange, as Mrs. Anne Woolfall,
the widow of Richard Woolfall, of Woolfall, Esq., and daughter
and heiress of Edward Stanley, of Moor Hall, Esq., had only a
few years previous, in 1728, bequeathed 300 for the support
of a priest to help the Catholics at Moor Hall.
About 1 74 1, Mr. Bordley was serving the mission at Sal wick
Hall, Lancashire, the property of the Cliftons of Lytham, and at
that time he was also attending the chapel at Mowbreck Hall,
the seat of the Westbys. It was probably at Salwick Hall where
he resided and commenced his school, for the Cliftons had long
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 273
ceased to use it as a residence, and the Westbys themselves
occupied Mowbreck. How long he remained is not certain,
but the Rev. Richard Southworth was educated here previous
to going to Douay in 1756. He afterwards returned, appa
rently about 1769, to Moor Hall, Aughton, which had reverted
to the Stanleys of Hooton, and it is probable that he at first
occupied the Hall as a school.
On the return of some members of the Stanley family, some
time previous to 1784, he removed to Newhouse, Aughton,
where he established the mission.
This is apparently the establishment referred to by Dr.
Kirk, who states that Mr. Bordley was enabled by his savings,
from a scanty income, and by the charity of others, particularly
of Edward, Duke of Norfolk, to build a school at Ince-Blundell,
where he had frequently not less than seventy or eighty scholars.
One of his principal objects in adding this to the labours of a
large and poor congregation was to rear youth for the priest
hood, and many missionaries were indebted to him for the
education they afterwards received at Douay, Lisbon, and
Valladolid. In this manner he employed his time and money
during a long life, in the course of which, he himself says, the
moneys got or saved amounted to 5,170 iSs.
John Berry, who died Jan. 1 1, 1818, aged 82, was his
assistant master in the school at Ince-Blundell.
Towards the close of his life he became almost blind, and
died Nov. 3, 1799.
Mr. Bordley, with some eccentricities, was a very zealous and
laborious missionary, and a learned man. He accommodated
his language and manners to the poor, in the midst of whom
he lived, and by that means was enabled to do much good.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS. Archiepisc. Archives ; Gillow,
Lane. Recusants, MS. ; Whittle, Hist, of Preston ; Douay
Diaries ; Gibson, Lydiate Hall.
i. Cadmus Britannicus, or the Art of Writing improved : con
taining 1. A Short-Hand, where very great Haste is not required,
though shorter by one Half than our common Way of Writing.
2. A Swifter Short-Hand for taking down Speeches and Sermons
after a Speaker or Preacher. 3. A Short-Hand for Music,
whereby much more may be written in the same space of Time
than in the usual Way. 4. An Universal Character, being a com
plete Grammar of it, with some general Directions for compiling
VOL. I. T
2/4 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
a Dictionary ; by the Help of which a Person may carry on a
Correspondence with People in foreign Parts, whose Language
he does not understand. Lond. 1788. 8vo.
This very curious and ingenious work he dedicated to Sir Joseph Banks,
President, and to the Council and Fellows of the Royal Society, in the hope
that they would recommend it to Foreign Societies and Academies for the
benefit of Mankind, otherwise, he adds, " the Universal Character should
never have been communicated to any private person, and much less to the
public, and should have died with its Author."
2. Quintilianus Britannicus ; or the the Art of teaching Latin,
Greek, &c. improved ; wherein is shown, I. That the Method of
teaching Latin, &c., in England is extremely defective. II.
Wherein the Defect chiefly consists. III. "When and how it was
introduced. IV. How and by what Means it is to be cured. V.
And that is by teaching it in the same manner, as it is taught by
the ablest and best Masters in Foreign Countries, who are
acknowledged by our own Latin Masters of most Note, to be far
better Teachers of Latin than our own Countrymen. Lond.
[1792?]
3. Short-Hand Alphabets for English, Latin, and Greek ; con
sisting of the most regular, concise, and uniform characters for
the Letters of the Alphabet, that can be devised, or written with
Pen and Ink : with characters for Numbers, as also Points or
Stops, and other Marks used in Writing, suitable to them ; and
likewise Specimens and Directions for writing by them. Pub
lished for the Use and Benefit of all Pen-Men, and especially
of Writing-Masters and their Young Pupils of both Sexes.
Lond.
Bosgrave, Thomas, martyr, was a Cornish gentleman, a
relative of Sir John Arundell.
When Fr. Cornelius was arrested in the house of Lady
Arundell, Mr. Bosgrave, seeing that he was being hurried away
without a hat, placed his own hat upon the confessor's head,
saying, " The honour I owe to your function will not allow
me to see you go bareheaded." Thereupon the sheriff told
him he should bear him company, and it was for this offence
he afterwards suffered with him. They were tried at Dor
chester, Mr. Bosgrave being found guilty of felony in aiding
and assisting Fr. Cornelius, knowing him to be a priest
They were condemned on July 2, and executed at Dorchester,
July 4, 1594.
Challoner, Memoirs.
Bost, or Boast, John, priest, martyr, was born of a gentle
man's family in the town of Penrith, in Cumberland. He was
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 275
educated at one of the universities, where he took the degree
of M.A., and was cotemporary with, and much esteemed by,
Tobie Matthews, who, at the time of Mr. Bost's execution, was
Bishop of Durham, and afterwards Archbishop of York.
After he had been reconciled to the Catholic Church, Mr.
Bost was received into the English College then lately trans
lated from Douay to Rheims, where he was ordained priest and
sent upon the English mission in 1581.
He was at length, after many narrow escapes, taken at Water-
houses, three or four miles from Durham, in the house of Mr.
William Claxton, and was shortly after sent up to London,
where he was for a long time imprisoned in the Tower, and
often most cruelly racked.
At length, after suffering many torments and hardships, he
was sent back to the North, there to be tried and executed.
He suffered at Durham, July 24, 1594 some accounts say
July 19.
Challoner, Memoirs.
i. History or Memoir of one of the Missionary Priests, Father
John Bost, or Boast, who laboured in the county, otherwise
called the Bishopric, of Durham, and was executed in the City
of Durham, on 24 July, 1594. By the Very Rev. Ralph Provost
Platt, D.D. MS. left almost ready for publication by Dr. Platt, who died
in 1874.
Bourchier, John, abbot, was some time a student of St.
John's College, Cambridge, but appears to have left the univer
sity without a degree. Subsequently he became a Canon
Regular of the Order of St. Augustine, and about the close of
1533 was appointed Abbot of the house of St. Mary-de-
Pratis, near Leicester, on the resignation of Richard Pexal, to
whom by covenant he allowed 100 per annum, finding him
also wood and coal, and all implements to his house, together
with horses and all things appertaining to them.
The resignation of Pexal and the elevation of Bourchier
were brought about by the instrumentality of Thomas Crom
well, to whom Bourchier promised 100, which he paid
accordingly.
It was also agreed that a grant of the conventual estate at
Ingarsby should be made to Richard Cromwell, the nephew of
Henry VIII.'s rapacious Minister, but the brethren could not
be induced to consent to this grant, inasmuch as that estate
T 2
2/6 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
was the principal source of supply of beeves and mutton for
the maintenance of their hospitality. There are letters from
the Abbot Bourchier to Cromwell respecting these matters,
which are valuable as examples of the manner in which the
ruin and spoliation of the religious houses were effected by
forcing upon them such like complaisant and self-seeking
superiors. In one, alluding to the difficulty which he had
found in obtaining from the brethren their assent to the sealing
of the grant to Richard Cromwell, Bourchier states that he had
taken from them all their keys to the common-seal, and offers
to seal the grant himself and send it up, if Cromwell would
bear him harmless against their complaints.
He also, in this letter, refers to a charge which had been
brought against him by his predecessor, as to whom he says,
" I have loved him, cherisched hym, and mad of him as never
did man in Leycestr' of another ; I never had good dische but
he had part ; I never had thing to his pleasur but that I gave
it him ; every dai I went to his loging to comfort him ; that
thing that I coold dyvyse to his comfort I all ways dyd ; and
it (yet ?) unnatturallye, and that pryvylye, I makyng much of
him according to my old usage, hath complayned to your
Maisterschip upon me, for that whiche lyythe not in me to
helpe." In another letter he requests Thomas Cromwell's
acceptance of " a brase of fatt oxen, and a score of fatt
wethers." On Aug. 1 1, 1534, he, with the prior, sub-prior,
and twenty-three of the canons of his house, subscribed an
acknowledgment of the king's supremacy, and in or about
1538, he, with the prior, sub-prior, and eighteen canons, sur
rendered the abbey to the king. He secured for himself a
pension of 200 per annum, and for a time resided at St.
John's Chapel in Leicester.
When it was contemplated to erect an episcopal See at
Shrewsbury, he was designed by Henry VIII. as the bishop.
On the death of James Brookes, Bishop of Gloucester, Bour
chier was nominated his successor, and Oct. 25, 1558, had, as
bishop nominate, a grant from the Crown of the custody of
that bishopric and all temporalities thereof, from the preceding
Feast of the Annunciation of the B.V.M., so long as the vacancy
of that See should continue. The arrangement by which he
was to succeed to this bishopric, however, was entirely frus
trated by the death of Queen Mary, which soon afterwards took
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 277
place, and the See remained vacant till 1562. He seems to have
repented of the part he had taken in the reign of Henry VIII.,
for his name occurs, Jan. 29, 1576-7, in a certificate returned
into the exchequer of fugitives beyond the sea contrary to the
statute of 13 Eliz. He probably died about 1581. It has,
indeed, been said that in Aug. I 5 84, he had a general pardon
from the Crown. This, however, is altogether a mistake. The
document cited is of the fifteenth century, and of course refers
to a different individual.
Cooper, A then. Cantab.
i. Three letters to Thomas Cromwell, one dated April 19, another
May 6, and the third without date. They have been printed.
Bourchier, Thomas, D.D., O.S.F., belonged to the illus
trious family of that name formerly Earls of Bath. He was
for some time at Magdalen College, Oxford, and in the reign
of Queen Mary, in 1558, took the Franciscan habit in the
restored convent at Greenwich.
When the community were expelled by Elizabeth, he pro
ceeded to Paris, where he diligently studied theology, and
obtained the degree of Doctor of the Sorbonne. Thence he
directed his steps to Rome, and became a member of the great
Franciscan Convent there, Ara Coeli, and was appointed a
penitentiary of St. John Lateran's.
His death occurred in Rome about 1586. He was a very
learned and holy man.
Pitts, De Illus. Angl. Script. ; Certamen S erapJiicum ; Wad-
dingus, Scriptores Ordinis Minorum ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
1. Historia Ecclesiastica de Martyrio Fratrum Ord. Min. Divi
Francisci, de observantia, qui partim in Anglia sub Henrico
IIX. Rege, partim in Belgio, sub Principe Auriaco, partim et in
Hybernia tempore Elizabeths regnantis Reginse, passi sunt,
1536-82. Autore Fr. Thoma Bourchier, Anglo, Ordinis D.
Francisci de observantia. Parisiis, 1582. 8vo., pp. 297.
Ingolstadii ex officina Wolfangi Ediri, 1583, I2mo. ; ditto in Dutch,
1584, 410. ; Parisiis, 1585, 8vo. ; Parisiis, 1586, 8vo.
2. Orationum doctissimam, et efficissimam ad Franciscam
Gonzagam totius Ordinis Ministrum Generalem pro pace, et
disciplina Regulari magni Conventus Parisiensis instituenda.
Parisiis. 1582. 8vo.
3. Tractatum de judicio Religiosorum, in quo demonstratur,
quod a secularibus judicari non debeant.
278 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Wadding says, "habeo MS. missum ad Ludovicum Gonzagam Ducem
Nivernensem Parisiis scriptum 1582."
4. He is said to have written many works, but the above are all that
have been recorded.
Bourne, Gilbert, Bishop of Bath and Wells, was son
of Philip Bourne, and was born in Worcestershire. He entered
the University of Oxford in I 524, and became a Fellow of All
Souls in 1531. In the year 1541 he was made one of the
first prebendaries of Worcester upon the establishment of that
deanery.
During the reign of Edward VI. he conformed to the times,
and was successively Archdeacon of Bedford, Essex, and
Middlesex, but, when Mary ascended the throne, he returned
to the faith, and possessing great talent as a preacher, his
abilities were called in requisition to denounce the doctrines
of the reformers, which he did with remarkable zeal and
eloquence.
One instance is related of a sermon he preached at
St. Paul's Cross, Aug. 13, 1553, in which, while distinctly
maintaining several tenets of Catholic doctrine, he stated that
Bishop Bonner had been unjustly deprived, for preaching there
upon the same Gospel, and for the same cause he himself now
defended. This raised such a tumult amongst the reformers
present that they cried out, " Pull him down, pull him down,"
and were attempting to climb into the pulpit for that purpose,
when a pistol was discharged at him, and a dagger thrown
with considerable violence struck one of the columns supporting
the pulpit.
This incident made way for his preferment, for soon after, in
the following year, he was made Bishop of Bath and Wells, in
the place of William Barlow, who was not recognised as a
bishop by the See of Rome. Bishop Bourne was consecrated
April i , 1554, and shortly afterwards was appointed Lord
President of Wales. It has been said that these promotions
were in some measure owing to the influence of his uncle, Sir
John Bourne, of Butenhall, in Worcestershire, one of the
principal Secretaries of State.
The ensuing alterations of the first year of the reign of
Elizabeth deprived him of his See, and he was committed for
non-compliance with the new order of things. He was con
signed to the custody of Gregory Dodds, Dean of Exeter, and
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2/9
died at Silverton, Sept. 10, 1569, being buried in the church
of that parish at the south side of the altar.
Dr. Bourne was the last Catholic Bishop of Bath and
Wells.
His learning was appreciated in the university, and he had
a high reputation for pulpit eloquence. His careful manage
ment of the temporalities of his See, which his predecessor left
in a wretched condition, gave great satisfaction.
Dodd, CJi. Hist. ; Brady, Episc. Succession ; Lewis, Sanders*
Anglican Schism.
Boville, or Bonvill, Anthony, Father S.J., who used
the alias of Terrill, was son of Humphrey Boville, Esq., and
was born at Canford, co. Dorset, in 1621, and appears to have
been a convert to the faith. He made his humanity studies at
St. Omer's College, and then entered the English College,
Rome, Dec. 4, 1640. Here he was ordained priest, March 16,
1647, an d in the following June entered the Society.
For some years he served the office of Penitentiary at Loretto,
and from thence was called to Florence to fill the Chair of Pro
fessor of Philosophy. He was afterwards sent to Parma, where
besides philosophy he taught scholastic divinity for four years,
and proceeded from there to Liege, where he directed the
studies and taught theology and mathematics.
It is stated that he was consulted far and near as an oracle
of learning. From 1671 to 1674 he was Rector of Liege
College, and died there Oct. 1 1, 1676.
Oliver, Collectanea S.J. ; Foley, Records S.J., Collectanea.
1. Conclusion.es Philosophicse. Parma, 1657, i2mo.
2. Problems Mathematico-Philosophicum tripartitum. Parma,
1660. i2mo.
3. Fundamentum totius Theologise Moralis, seu Tractatus de
Conscientift, Probabili. Lidge, 1668, 4to., pp. 613.
Ded. to Lord Castlemain ; a most useful work.
Bowden, John Edward, Oratorian, was the eldest son of
John William Bowden, M.A. Oxon., author of the " Life and
Pontificate of Gregory VII.," and of some of the " Tracts for the
Times," by his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Swinburne,
Bart., of Capheaton, Northumberland.
He was born in London, April 24, 1829, and educated at
280 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Eton, from 1841 to 1846, when he entered Trinity College,
Oxford.
Here he remained until he became a Catholic in August,
1848. He was received as novice at the Oratory of St.
Wilfrid's, Cotton Hall, Staffordshire, Feb. 2, 1849, and came
to King William Street, Strand, with the other Fathers, in
May, 1849.
He was ordained priest in 1852, and died at the Oratory,
Brompton, Dec. 14, 1874.
Browne, Tractarian Movement ; &c.
1. The Spirit of the Cur 6 d'Ars. Translated from the French
of A. Monnin. Lond. 1865. 321110.
2. Notes on Doctrinal and Spiritual Subjects by Pr. P. W.
Faber. Edited by J. E. B. Lond. 1866. 2 vols. 8vo.
3. The Life and Letters of Frederick William Faber. Lond.
1869. 8vo., with portrait.
4. The Spiritual Works of Louis of Blois. Edited by J. E. B.
Lond. 1871. 8vo.
5. Thoughts on some Passages of Holy Scripture by a Layman.
Translated from the French. Lond. 1872. 8vo.
Bowclon, Joseph, D.D., was born Aug. 2, 1778, and was
sent to Sedgley Park School, in Staffordshire, in 1790. After
remaining here five years, he proceeded to the school then
recently founded by Dr. Bew at Oscott, but with no intention
of embracing the ecclesiastical state, and he left in the follow
ing year.
The two succeeding years were spent at home, during which
he resolved to study for the Church, and accordingly entered
St. Edmund's College, Old Hall Green, where he was ordained
priest in 1805. After serving the missions of Mawley and
Long Birch he was appointed spiritual director at Sedgley
Park in 1808. On March 12, 1836, he succeeded to the Pre
sidency of that establishment, the oldest existing Catholic
school in England, which he retained until his death, Dec. 4,
1844, aged 66.
His management was most successful, and he was the
greatest benefactor the school ever possessed. He received
his degree in divinity by special diploma from the Holy See in
1844.
Husenbet/t, Hist. Sedgley Park; ditto, Life of Mgr.
Weedall.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 28 1
i. Funeral Sermon preached, by the Rev. F. C. Husenbeth,
D.D., on the Rev. Dr. Bowdon, President of Sedgley Park.
Wolverhampton, 8vo. 1844.
Bowes, Marmaduke, martyr, a gentleman of ancient
lineage residing at Angram Grange, near Appleton, in Cleve
land, was hanged at York, Nov. 26, 1585, for having enter
tained in his house a priest, Hugh Taylor, who suffered with
him on the same day. Mr. Leonard Brakenbury, a Yorkshire
attorney, affirms that Mr. Bowes was condemned only for
having given the priest a cup of beer at his door.
Mr. John Ingoldby, counsellor-at-law, in another MS., states
that, having heard of Mr. Taylor's arrest, Mr. Bowes rode over
to York while the assizes were on, to try and obtain his
release, and, as soon as he had dismounted from his horse,
without pulling off his boots, he went straight to the Castle
yard, to speak in the priest's behalf. But being questioned as
regards himself, he was at once apprehended, tried, and con
demned, under the statute lately made against harbouring or
relieving priests, upon the accusation of one Martin Harrison.
The Earl of Huntington, a bitter persecutor of the Catholics,
was then President of the North, and Laurence Mears, one of
the Council, was the judge. Some say Mr. Bowes was hanged
in his boots and spurs. It seems that he had previously,
though a Catholic in his heart, outwardly conformed to the
religion of the times.
Ckalloner, Memoirs.
Bowes, Richard, priest, confessor of the faith, was one of
the vicars at Ripon Minster when the Earls rose in Dec. 1569,
and never after would do any Protestant service or go to the
Established Church.
Driven from place to place, he was at last seized, after many
years, and committed to York Castle, where he died Aug. 3 1,
1590.
Morris, Troubles, Third Series ; Foley, Records S.J., vol. in.
Bowes, Robert, alias Lane, priest, was born at or near
Arundel, in Sussex, in Aug. 1673. He was sent to Douay,
where he took the college oath, Jan. 9, 1690. Four years later
his brother Stephen joined him, who, after teaching classics for
some time, was ordained in March, 1703, and became chaplain
282 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
in the family of the Fowlers at St. Thomas's, from whence he
removed in 1712 to that of Lady Sussex, where he died sud
denly in the following year. A third brother, it is thought,
was Stanislaus Bowes, son of Stephen Bowes, of Sussex, and
Mary Stokes his wife, who was admitted into the English
College at Rome, March 12, 1707, aged 27, where he was
ordained priest two years later, and died of a malignant fever
Oct. 11, 1710.
Having finished his course at Douay, Robert Bowes was
ordained priest at Tournay, and left the college in company
with Hugh Tootell, the celebrated historian (better known
under the pseudonym of Charles Dodd), in May, 1698.
Hathrop, near Fairford, in Gloucestershire, the seat of Sir J.
Webb, was the place assigned for his residence. In 1716 he
was urged to go to the nuns at Bruges as their director, but he
excused himself, and remained where he was until a short
time before his death, which took place at Bath, Dec. 15, 1735-
Kirk, Biog. Collections, Archiepisc. Archives, Westm. ; Douay
Diaries ; Foley, Records S.J.; Roman Diary.
i. Practical Reflections for Every Day throughout the Year.
This went through many editions. The fifth was edited with a Preface
by the Rev. Mr. Crathorne, a contemporary with Mr. Bowes at Douay.
A New and Improved Edition was published by the Rev. Edw. Peach,
Dublin, 1853, 8vo., with a short life of the Author. The original MS. was
formerly at Hathrop.
Bowles, Robert, a gentleman volunteer in the King's
army, killed at Basing House during the Civil War.
Castle-main, Cath. Apology.
Bowyer, Sir George, seventh Bart., Barrister-at-Law,
D.C.L., was the eldest son of Sir George Bowyer, Bart, of
Radley House, by Anne Hammond, daughter of Sir Andrew
Snape Douglas, R.N., and was born in 1 8 1 1. He was educated
at Oxford, where he subsequently took his degree of D.C.L.
He was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1839, and
appointed Reader in 1850. In the previous year he unsuc
cessfully contested Reading in the Liberal interest, and it was
in 1850 that his conscientious following of the Tractarian
movement resulted in his conversion to the Church. Two
years later, in 1852, he obtained a seat in Parliament as
member for Dundalk, which he held until 1868.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 283
After a retirement of five years from parliamentary life, he
was returned for Wexford, in 1873, and retained his seat
until 1880.
In 1860 he succeeded to the title on the death of his father,
who, it is interesting to note, had published a work at Oxford,
in 1813, on the Catholic Question, entitled " The Resolution of
the House of Commons in the last Session of the late Parlia
ment, relative to the adjustment of the claims of the Roman
Catholics, considered."
For years Sir George stood forward as a representative
Catholic, and in days gone by, when the Press was practically
closed to the defenders of the Church, the name of Sir George
Bowyer was familiar to the readers of the Times, and his pen
was never more vigorously used than when he was championing
the faith.
As an international jurist he had a great reputation, and
his books have been long recognised as authorities by the
profession.
In reward for his services to the Church, Pius IX. conferred
upon him the Grand Collar of the Constantinian Order of
St. George of Naples, and the Grand Cross of the Order of
St. Gregory the Great, and also created him a Knight Com
mander of the Order of Pius IX.
Sir George was the founder of the Church of St. John of
Jerusalem in Great Ormond Street, and he was a Knight of the
Order of Malta.
He was never married, and died at his chambers in the
Temple, June 7, 1883, aged 72.
Tablet, June 9, 1883 ; Biirke, Baronetage; Allibone, Bib.
Diet. ; &c.
1. A Dissertation on the Statutes of the Cities of Italy; and
a translation of the pleading of P. Farinacio in defence of
Beatrice Cenci and her relatives. With Notes. Lond. 1838. 8vo.,
pp. 115.
Farinacio's argument is a remarkable piece of pleading.
2. The English Constitution : a popular Commentary on the
Constitutional Law of England. Lond. 1841, I2mo. ; 2nd Edit. 1841,
roy. 8vo.
This excellent work is a collection, with expositions and continuation,
of such of Blackstone's Commentaries as pertain to constitutional law.
3. Commentaries on the Modern Civil Law. Lond. 1848. roy. 8vo.
4. Lombardy, the Pope, and Austria. Lond. 1848. 8vo.
5. The Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster and the New
284 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Hierarchy. Lond. 1850, 8vo., which went through four editions in that
year, the later ones with additions.
6. Two Readings delivered in the Middle Temple Hall. Lond.
1850. 8vo.
7. Readings delivered before the Hon. Society of the Middle
Temple, in 1850, on Canon Law. Lond. 1851. roy. 8vo.
8. The Roman Documents, relating to the New Hierarchy,
with an argument. Lond. 1851. 8vo.
9. Observations on the arguments of Dr. Twiss respecting the
New Roman Catholic Hierarchy. Lond. 1851. 8vo.
10. Commentaries on Universal Public Law. Lond. 1854.
roy. 8vo.
In this the author laboriously won his reputation as a profound civilian, a
critical canonist, and an industrious investigator of foreign and European
law. His industry spread itself over every province of modern and ancient
law.
11. The differences between the Holy See and the Spanish
Government. Reprinted from the "Dublin Review." Lond.,
Derby (pr.) 1856. 8vo.
12. Rome and Sardinia. Reprinted from the " Dublin Review."
Lond., Derby (pr.) 1856. 8vo.
13. Speech delivered during the Debate on the "Treaty of
Peace." (Lond. 1856.) 8vo.
14. Friends of Ireland in Council Sir George Bowyer, W. H.
Wilberforce, J. P. Hennessey. Lond. (1864). 4to.
15. The Private History of the Creation of the Roman Catholic
Hierarchy in England. A letter to the Right Hon. the Earl of
Stanhope. Lond. 1868. 8vo.
16. Of the Creation of the Roman Catholic Hierarchy in
England. A letter to Earl Stanhope. Second Edition, with
Additional Facts. Lond. 1868. 8vo.
17. Four Letters, reprinted from the " Times," on the Appellate
Jurisdiction of the House of Lords and the New Court of Appeal.
Lond. 1873. 8vo.
1 8. Introduction to the study and use of the Civil Law, and to
Commentaries on the Modern Civil Law. Lond. 1874. 8vo.
Boxall, John, D.D., was born at Bramshoot, in Hamp
shire, and educated, first at Winchester School, and then at
New College, Oxford, where he took his degrees and was
created D.D. He remained in retirement during the reign of
Edward VI., but when Queen Mary ascended the throne he
was made a Prebendary of Winchester, Archdeacon of Ely,
Warden of Winchester, and Under- Secretary of State. When
the most eloquent divines were chosen to preach against the
doctrines of the Reformers at St. Paul's Cross, Dr. Boxall
was one of the number, together with Dr. Bourne and Dr.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
Pendleton. Historians differ as to the story of the dagger
thrown at one of the Queen's preachers at St. Paul's Cross.
Some say it happened to Pendleton, others to Boxall, but John
Stow tells us in his Chronicles that Dr. Bourne was the person.
In 1557 Dr. Boxall was made Dean of Peterborough, in the
place of James Carthop, deceased, and on the 2Oth of the
following December he was made Dean of Norwich, on
Dr. Christopherson's promotion to the See of Winchester. His
next preferment was the Deanery of Windsor, followed by that
of Registrar of the Garter.
In the beginning of Elizabeth's reign he was deprived of all
his dignities, and confined in the Archbishop of Canterbury's
palace at Lambeth, together with Thirlby, Bishop of Ely, and
Tunstal, Bishop of Durham. Soon after he had a fever, and
was permitted to remove to the house of a kinsman in London,
where he recovered, and afterwards, it is said, was allowed to
remain a prisoner at large, though he died at Lambeth,
March 4, 1571.
His character was universally respected. Even Lord Bur-
leigh gives a public testimonial of his virtue, learning, and
modesty, in his book entitled " The Execution of Justice in
England."
Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, under whose supervision
he was a prisoner, describes him in his book " De Eccl. Brit."
as a man of extraordinary qualifications and charming manners.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Pitts, De Illus. Angl. Script. ; Lewis,
Sanders' 1 Anglican Schism.
i. A Sermon in Latin, 1555, is the only one of his works recorded.
Bradford, Richard, a captain in the Royal army, was
killed during the Civil War.
Castlemain, Cath. Apology.
Bradley, Richard, Father S.J,, confessor of the faith,
was a younger son of James Bradley, of Bryning Hall, co.
Lancaster, by Helen, daughter of Lambert Tyldesley, of Garret
Hall, in Tyldesley, Esq. His father and mother were repeatedly
fined for their recusancy, and his eldest brother, Edward Bradley,
who succeeded to the Bryning estate, was a Captain of Foot in
the Royal army under Sir Thomas Tyldesley, and lost his life
in defence of his Sovereign at the battle of Marston Moor, near
286 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
York. Richard Bradley was born at Bryning in 1605, and in
16223 he entered the Society of Jesus, and, having passed
through much active and dangerous service as Camp Mission-er
to the English and Irish forces in Belgium, was sent to the
English mission, and quickly fell into the hands of the pur
suivants of the rebel Parliament. He was thrust into the gaol
at Manchester, where he anticipated a glorious martyrdom
upon the public gallows by dying from his sufferings in his
foul prison, July 20 or 30, 1645, aged 40.
He appears to have been always engaged in the Lancashire
district.
Foley, Records S.J., vols. ii. and vii. ; Gillow, Lancashire
Recusants, MSS.
Bradshaigh, Edward, a Carmelite friar, in religion Elias
a Jesu, was the fourth son of Roger Bradshaigh, of Haigh Hall,
near Wigan, in Lancashire, Esq., and Anne, daughter of Chris
topher Anderton, of Lostock Hall, Esq.
Three of his brothers were Jesuits, Richard, Thomas, and
Peter, who used the alias of Barton, and one, Christopher, was
a secular priest. He had also two sisters nuns in the Order of
Poor Clares at Gravelines.
The family was one of the most ancient and honourable in
Lancashire, and is now represented by the Earl of Crawford
and Balcarres, of Haigh Hall.
It has been assumed by Bro. Foley (" Records S.J.," vol. i.
p. 228, and " Roman Diary") that Edward Bradshaigh was iden
tical with his namesake who entered the English College,
Rome, at the age of twenty, in 1623, and left for the English
mission, in 1630, two years after he was ordained priest.
It is more probable, however, that they were cousins, for, ac
cording to the " Bibliotheca Carmelitana," Edward Bradshaigh's
education was intrusted at an early age to the Cassinese Bene
dictines, and he afterwards studied philosophy at Paris. In
1619 he joined the Discalced Carmelites in Belgium, where he
was professed on the 4th of July in that year. About 1626 he
was sent to England, where he laboured with indefatigable zeal
until he fell into the hands of the pursuivants, who brought
him before the Archbishop of Canterbury and accused him of
being a priest.
After a strict examination he was thrown into prison, where
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 287
he remained for some time under great hardships, which he
endured with patience and fortitude. At length, by the inter
cession of friends, and more especially the King of Spain, he
was liberated and shortly afterwards banished to France, and
was received by his brethren at Paris, where he discharged the
office of Reader until 1632. He then returned to England, by
the order of his superior, and resided with his father's family at
Haigh Hall. Here he sedulously visited the poor, whom he
comforted with religious advice and the sacraments, always
travelling on foot, and it is related that he made many
converts.
Towards the close of his life he was allowed to rest from his
apostolic labours in order to devote his time to the study of
English antiquities and the examination of libraries, from
which he collected the materials for his works.
He died most piously, after receiving the last sacraments, at
Benfold, in Flint, Sept. 25, 1652.
Bibliotheca Carmelitana, Aurilianis ; BradsJiaigh Pedigree,
Piccope MSS., diet ham Lib. ; Palatine Note-Book, 1881.
1. De antiquis Monachis Insularum Britannise, sub primi-
tiva Ecclesia viventibus. MS.
In 1668, this work was preserved in the Carmelite residence in London.
2. Anglise Sanctse et Catholicse: seu, Vitge sanctorum Bri-
tannorum veterum et recentiorum Anglorum, atque etiam
exterorum, qui olim ad Ecclesiam et Nationem Anglicanam
spectabant, Hagiologium Alphabeticum. Tomus tertius hujus
operis, ubi comprehenduntur vitse sanctorum minorum gentium
juxta ordinem alphabeticum, quorum festa et dies obitus ignor-
antur, in libros sex divisus. Una cum vindiciis eorumdem sanc
torum, qui ab aliis injuste a nob is auferuntur, et aliis nationibus
ascribuntur. Auctore D. V. Edwardo Bradshaw, de Mancestria,
Anglo, Sacrse Theologise Candidate, Catholico Romano. MS.
This work was probably lost at the breaking up of the Carmelite house
in London, where it was apparently preserved in 1669.
A correspondent to Dunton's Athenian Mercury, No. 29, vol. vi., 1692,
sent the title as above to the editor, describing the MS. as a large quarto,
about five inches thick, then in his possession.
3. Virginialia, or Spiritual Sonnets in praise of the most
glorious Virgin Marie. Printed with Licence. 1632. 4to.
Though not recorded in the " Bibliotheca Carmelitana," this work may
with strong probability be ascribed to Elias a Jesu.
Bradshaig-h, Richard, Father S.J,, who used the alias
of Barton, was the third son of Roger Bradshaigh, of Haigh
Hall, Lancashire, Esq., by Anne, daughter of Christopher
288 BILIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Anderton, of Lostock Hall, Esq. He was born in 1601-2,
and, after studying his humanities at St. Omer's College, was
admitted into the English College, Rome, Oct. 4, 1623. In
1625 he entered the Society of Jesus, probably at St. Andrew's,
Rome.
After serving in the Lancashire mission, he was declared
Rector of the College of Liege, in 1642. He had previously
been Minister, Procurator, Consultor, &c., at St. Omer's College.
In 1655 he was at Paris acting as Procurator of the English
Province. He was declared Provincial in 1656, and filled the
office until 1660.
In that year he was appointed Rector of St. Omer's College,
in which office he died Feb. 13, 1669, aged 67.
Foiey, Records S.J., vol. i. p. 228 ; Roman Diary, Collectanea ;
Dodd, Certamen utriusque ; BradsJiaigJi Pedigree, Piccope MSS.,
Chetham Lib.
1. On the Nullity of the Protestant Ordinations.
Which elicited from Dr. Bramhall, Archbp. of Armagh, " The Consecra
tion and Succession of Protestant Bishops justified," 1658.
Dr. Oliver, " Collectanea S.J.," doubts the authorship of this treatise
because Southwell, Bib. Script. Soc. Jesu, is silent on the subject. Dodd,
however, is more probably correct in assigning it to Fr. Bradshaigh, who is
termed "a great scholar, lived at Paris 1647," in the Bradshaigh Pedigree.
2. In the "Stonyhurst MSS. Anglia," vol. v. nn. 45-57, are some very
interesting letters written by him in 1659-60, upon English affairs, of which
extracts are given in his biography, " Records S.J.," vol. i.
Bramston, James Yorke, D.D., Bishop of Usulae and
V.A. of the London district, was born in March, 1753. He
was originally a Protestant and a lawyer, but after his conver
sion went to the English College at Lisbon, where he remained
for eight years, and was ordained priest. Returning to England,
he was appointed to a mission in the Midland district, but he
subsequently joined the London district, and, in 1802, was one
of the priests at St. George's-in-the-Fields, Surrey.
Bishop Poynter made him his Vicar-General in 1812, and
three years later applied to the Pope to give him Dr. Bramston
as coadjutor. Eventually this request was acceded to, and was
decreed by Propaganda and approved by the Pope, with the
right of succession to Dr. Poynter, in Jan. 1823, He was
consecrated Bishop of Usulae iu partibus, June 29, 1823.
Dr. Poynter died on Nov. 26, 1827, and Dr. Bramston
succeeded to the London Vicariate, but, as he was then
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 289
advanced in years, he applied for a coadjutor, and was granted,
in the following year, Dr. Gradwell, then Rector of the English
College, Rome. Dr. Gradwell, however, died in 1833, and
Dr. Griffiths was appointed in his place, with the right of suc
cession. Dr. Bramston died July n, 1836, at Golden Square,
London, and was buried in the Clergy Vault in Moorfields
Church.
His age is represented as 74, but there is some question of
his being much older.
Mazier e Brady, Epis. Succession.
1. He published a sermon as a New Year's Gift in the " Laity's Directory "
from 1828 to 1836.
2. Pastorals.
3. Portrait, the R. R. Dr. Bramston, V.A. of the London District ;
W. Derby, pinx., H. Robinson, sc. Lond. pub. Feb. 1828, by J. Appleby, 4to.
Another, oval, W. Roll, sculp., appeared in the " Laity's Directory "
for 1837, with Memoir.
Branton, Stephen, a citizen of York, suffered about
eighteen years' cruel imprisonment for the faith, first at the
Kidcote, Ousebridge, and then at Hull Castle. Being unable
to find so much rent as was demanded by his gaoler, John
Bisbie, in the Castle, he was carried by him to the North
Block-house, and there confined for a long time in a low cell
by himself. He was subsequently removed from the care of
Bisbie to the South Block-house, Hull, under the tyrant Haw-
cock, the gaoler, where he remained several years.
Ultimately he was removed, with many other sufferers for the
faith, to York Castle, where he died July 19, 1591.
Morris, Troubles, Third Series ; Foley, Records S.J., vol. iii.
Bredstock, William, a gentleman of Worcestershire, was
a great sufferer for the faith. In 1588 his house was violently
assaulted by pursuivants, who knocked his wife down, and on
his coming to her rescue, as she lay on the ground, was set
upon by these miscreants, who pinioned his arms, bound his
legs under a horse's belly, and so carried him to Worcester
Gaol. This happened on Good Friday, to the great consola
tion of the confessor, for he was reminded by the manner of
his own progress through the country guarded by many men-
at-arms whom the pursuivants had raised in the Queen's name,
of our Saviour's sad passage and ill-usage on that day, and so
VOL. I. U
290 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
rejoiced that he did something to imitate it. He died in
Worcester Gaol, in I 590, through the corrupt air of his noisome
lodging, leaving behind him his constant wife and four children,
the eldest not twelve years old, and nothing to keep them upon,
for he had been despoiled of all his property.
Morris, Troubles, Third Series ; Folcy, Records SJ., vol. iii.
Brereley, John, vide Lawrence Anderton.
Brett, Arthur, a gentleman of good estate, and a courtier
in the reign of Charles I., was chosen to represent the English
Catholics on a mission to Rome in 1635, and, on the other
hand, Count Cartagena was appointed by the Holy See to
proceed to England on the same business.
Mr. Brett's commission was, with the connivance of Charles I.,
who gave him private instructions concerning the restitution of
the Palatinate, a dispensation for the marriage of the King of
Poland with a daughter of the Palatinate, and some proposal
relative to mitigating the oath to be taken by Catholics.
The commission, however, was frustrated by misfortunes
which singularly occurred to both the agents. Mr. Brett,
having embarked, was driven back by a storm, and died shortly
after of fever, and Count Cartagena was detained by an inunda
tion at Ravenna, where he held an official position, and in con
sequence was obliged to remain. Subsequently, however, new
agents were appointed, Mr. Hamilton, a Scotch gentleman, to
represent England, and another Scotchman, Mr. Con, to be the
nominee of the Holy See.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Panzants Memoirs.
Brett, Richard, a gentleman volunteer in the King's service,
killed during the Civil War.
Castlemain, Cath. Apology.
Brettargh, Richard, priest, was the son of Mr. Richard
Brettargh, of Ince, steward to the Blundell family, by his wife
Helen Eccles. The family was descended from the Brettarghs
of Brettargh Holt, in Little Woolton, near Liverpool, and at the
commencement of last century two members of the junior
branch were fined for their recusancy ; Edward Brettargh, of
Heath Charnock, convicted at Ormskirk, July 22, 1700, and
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2QI
Jonathan Brettargh, of Ulnes Walton, convicted at Lancaster,
April 30, 1717.
Mr. Brettargh was born at Ince, where his father was held
in high esteem, June 21, 1765, and after a preliminary educa
tion, in all probability at Mr. Bordley's school at Aughton,
he was sent to the English College at St. Omer, where he
was ordained priest, and was appointed a Professor. During
the terrible events of the French Revolution, the College
of St. Omer was seized by the Republicans, and the professors
and students thrown into prison. Eventually they were con
fined at Dourlens, where Mr. Brettargh sank under the hard
ships of his imprisonment, July 24, 1794. His body was
conveyed by strangers to the public cemetery outside the town,
and there buried without any ceremony, none of his friends
being permitted to attend his funeral.
Gilloiv, Lane. Recusants, MSS.
Brewer, Henry Anselm, O.S.B., was the only son of
Henry Brewer, Esq., of Ribbleton Lodge, near Preston, and
was born Oct. 10, 1792.
He was sent by his uncle, Dr. John Bede Brewer, O.S.B., to
the monastery at Lambspring, and after its suppression he
went to Ampleforth in 1803, where he was professed, Oct. 25,
1811, and ordained priest in Advent, 1816.
His missionary career commenced at St. Mary's, Liverpool,
in 1819, whence he was transferred to Brownedge, near Preston,
in 1822, where he built the church which was opened in 1827.
He was appointed Provincial of the North Province in May,
1837, which dignity he held until 1846, when he left the
mission of Brownedge for Liverpool, where he died May 15,
1849.
Benedictine Annals, MSS.
i. The Layman's Afternoon Devotions, on all Sundays and
Holy-Days throughout the Year, with short Prayers proper for
the Benediction of the Holy Sacrament of the Altar. To which
is now added The Litanies and Night Prayers ; as used at the
Brown-Edge, Ormskirk, and Warrington Catholic Chapel. A
new Edition corrected and improved. Preston, 1820. i2mo.
Brewer, John Bede, O.S.B., D.D., was born at
Ribbleton Lodge, near Preston, Lancashire, where his family
U 2
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
held an honourable position, in 1 742. He was professed at
Dieulward in 1758.
In 1771 he went to Paris to be confessor to the English
Benedictine nuns, and took the Doctor's degree, April 13, 1774.
He was sent to the mission in the South Province in 1776, at
Cheam, Surrey, but was transferred in the same year to Bath.
Encouraged by the relaxation of the penal laws, two years
after his appointment, he decided on erecting a chapel in St.
James's Parade, the one at Beltre House being both inconvenient
and inadequate for its purpose. The new edifice was announced
to be opened for public worship on Sunday, June II, 1780,
but on Friday, the 9th, delegates from Lord George Gordon's
No-Popery Association had so inflamed the fanaticism of
the mob, that it was utterly demolished, as well as the presby
tery in Bell-tree Lane, and the registers, diocesan archives, and
Bishop Walmesley's library and valuable MSS. perished
irrecoverably in the flames.
The Doctor, himself, nearly fell a victim to the savage fury
of the rioters ; he was pursued through several streets, was
denied admission by two of the principal inns, and even the
Town Hall, but eventually found refuge in the Greyhound Inn,
and escaped by a back door. The ringleader of this mob,
John Butler, was convicted as an incendiary at the following
Wells Assizes, and was executed on Aug. 28, 1781. An
action for damages was brought against the Hundred of Bath,
at Taunton, March 30, 1781, and Dr. Brewer recovered
3,734 19* 6d-
He left Bath in this year for the North Province, and subse
quently was stationed at Woolton, near Liverpool. In 1798
he became President of the Order, on the death of President
Cowley, and in 1 8 1 8 went to reside at Ampleforth College.
He retained the office of President until his death, aged 79, at
Woolton, April 18, 1822, and was buried at Peel Street Chapel,
Liverpool.
Dr. Oliver regards him as a learned and brilliant ornament
of the Benedictine Congregation.
Oliver, Collections ; Snow, Bened. Necrology.
i. Religionis Naturalis et Revelatse Principia. Lond. 1774,
3 vols.
This was the second edition of Nathaniel Hooke's work, enriched with
several dissertations.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 293
Briant, Alexander, Father S.J., martyr, was born in
Somersetshire, in 1551 or 1553. He entered Hart's Hall,
Oxford, in i 5 74, and was a pupil of Fr. Robert Persons there.
After his conversion to the faith, he left the University, passed
over to the English College, then at Rheims, where he was
ordained priest, March 29, 1578. He was sent back to the
English mission in Aug. 1579, with twenty other priests in the
same year, of whom four became martyrs. His labours were
in his native county, where he reconciled to the faith the
father of his old master, Fr. Robert Persons. His career was a
very brief one, for he was seized by a party of pursuivants, who
were really in search for Fr. Persons, April 28, 1581, and was
carried off to the Compter Prison in London, from whence he
was removed to the Tower, and there most inhumanly tortured,
besides being nearly starved to death by hunger and cold.
Needles were thrust under his nails, and his body was disjointed
and torn by the rack. Nevertheless, so powerfully was he
consoled and supported by the grace of God, that he laughed
at his tormentors. He was subjected to the horrible torture of
the instrument nicknamed "the Scavenger's Daughter." Two
years previously he had entertained the desire of becoming a
Jesuit, but deferred it on account of his occupations in the
mission, which could not be conveniently interrupted.
He penned from his cell a hasty but beautiful letter to the
Jesuit Fathers in England, shortly before his execution, begging
the favour of admission, which was granted. On Nov. 16,
1581, he was arraigned in the Queen's Bench, Westminster,
with six other priests, tried, convicted, and condemned to death
for high treason, under the statute of 27 Eliz., and suffered
at Tyburn on Dec. I, following.
He was but twenty-eight years of age when he suffered.
He is described as a man of angelical beauty, both of soul and
body, and was styled by the Oxonians " the beautiful Oxford
youth," and even after all the tortures he had undergone, his
extraordinary beauty is said to have greatly attracted the people
at his execution.
Foley, Records S.J., vol. iv., and Collectanea ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
i. Exemplar literarum a Sacerdote quodam A. B. ... ad
Patres Societatis Jesu (requesting that he might be admitted into the
Society of Jesus), published in " De Persecutione Anglicana Commentariolus,"
[1582], I2mo.
294 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
2. Copia d'una Lettera gia scritta dal sacerdote A. Brianto alii
Padri della Compagnia di Gesu in Inghilterra, published in " Delia
Persecutione di Catolici nel regno d' Inghilterra," 1582, I2mo.
3. Exemplar litterarum a Sacerdote quodam (A. B.) intra
turrim Londinensem concluso ad fratres Societatis Jesu in
Anglia degentes see " De Persecutione Anglicana Epistola," &c., 1582,
i6mo.
Again, in Dutch or German, 1583, 8vo.
4. A True Reporte of the Death and Martyrdome of M.
(Edmund) Campion, Jesuite and Prieste, and M. (Rodulph)
Sherwin, and M. (Alexander) Bryan, Preistes at Tiborne, Dec. 1,
1581. Observed and written by a Catholic Priest, which was
present thereat. Whereunto is annexed certayne Verses made
by Sundrie Persons, s.l. aut anno i6mo. A G ii., 26 ff., which was
elicited by Ant. Munday's " Discovery of Edmund Campion and his Con
federates," Lond. 1582. It was probably edited by Thomas Pound, who
composed the verses with Henry Walpole and Vallenger, and the latter
was condemned in the Star Chamber to lose his ears in the pillory for
printing it.
It is remarkable that Pound does not term the martyr a Jesuit.
5. Portrait, Alexander Brian tus Soc. Jesu, Londini pro Fide
Catholica suspensus et sectus, 1 Decem. 1581. i6mo.
6. A very full biography, with a photo-portrait, is given by Bro. Foley,
" Records S.J.," vol. iv. pp. 343-367.
Bridge, George, Steward at Oscott College.
i. Treatise on the Nature and Cultivation of Mangel Wurzel;
with practical observations on the Method and Utility of
Steaming Food for Cattle. Birmingham, 1828. 8vo., pp. 4to, folding
illustration .
Bridgewater, John, alias Aquapontanus, was born in
Yorkshire, though belonging to the ancient stock of that name
in Somersetshire. Entering Hart's Hall, Oxford, he removed
to Brazenose College, where, in 1556, he took his M.A. degree,
and was ordained priest. Six years later he became Rector of
Wootton Courtney, diocese of Wells, and in 1563 was elected
Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford, and received such great
Church preferments as Archdeacon of Rochester, Canon Resi
dentiary of Wells, &c.
All these he resigned for conscience' sake, in I574> an d left
Oxford, inducing several of his students to accompany him to
Rheims. From thence he went to Rome, afterwards to
Germany, and was at Triers in 1588 and 1594.
Ribadneira (" Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu ") places
him amongst the writers of the Society, but this is not cor-
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 295
roborated by subsequent research, and neither Dr. Oliver nor
Bro. Foley have been able to adduce any additional evidence,
or even to find the date of his death.
Collinson, in his " History of Somerset," says that " he was
held in general estimation as a sensible ecclesiastic."
Dodd, CJi. Hist. ; Oliver, Collections ; Foley, Records S.J.,
Collectanea ; Wood, At hen. Oxon.
1 . Concertatio Ecclesise Catholicse in Anglia adversus Calvino-
Papistas et Puritanos sub Elizabetha Regina quorundam homi-
num doctrina et sanctitate illustrium renovata et recognita, &c.,
Augustas Trevirorum, 1588. 4to., about 850 pp.
This was originally published in a much smaller form in 1583 by Fr. John
Gibbons and Rev. John Fenn. Another edition, " Renovata ac nunc aucta
(by J. Aquapontanus) ad Persecutores Anglos pro Catholicis responsis (by
Card. Allen) Augusts Trevirorum," 3 parts, thick 410., appeared in 1594, but
it is probably only a reprint of that of 1588, for it carries down the narrative
of events no further than 1587, and is very meagre and imperfect in its
records of the two preceding years.
It is a most valuable book, containing notices of more than a hundred
martyrs, and six hundred confessors, exiles, or other sufferers for the faith.
It is largely quoted by Dodd and Lingard, and is a very reliable
authority.
2. Confutatio virulentse disputationis Theologicse, in qua
Georgius Sohn Professor Academise Heidelbergensis, conatus
est docere Pontiflcem Romanum esse ante-Christum a Prophetis
et Apostolis prsedictum. Authore Joanne Aquepontano, Theologo
et Sacerdote Catholico. Augustas Trevirorum. excudebat Henricus
Bolck, 1589. 4to., pp. 123.
A work of Fr. John Gibbons, edited by Dr. Bridgewater.
3. An Account of the Six Articles usually proposed to the
Missioners that suffered in England.
Briggs, John, D.D., Bishop of Beverley, was born in
1789, and was educated at Ushaw College, where he was
ordained priest, July 9, 1814. He left the College in 1816,
but, being elected President, returned to Ushaw, March 28,
1832, and continued to reside there until Aug. 11, 1836. In
1833 he was consecrated Bishop of Trachis, and appointed
coadjutor to Dr. Penswick, V.A. of the Northern district. In
1836 he succeeded per coadjutoriam, and four years later, in
1840, was appointed Vicar- Apostolic of the Yorkshire
district.
On the restoration of the hierarchy in 1850, Dr. Briggs was
translated from Trachis to Beverley. Being in very infirm
health, he resigned his See, Nov. 7, 1860, and died, in his
296 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
seventy-second year, at his house in York, Jan. 4, 1861. He
was buried in the chapel of St. Leonard, Hazlewood, Tadcaster.
His full-length portrait is at Ushaw, and another with a long
inscription is in the possession of the Bishop of Beverley.
Maziere Brady, Epis. Succession.
1. Sermons and Pastorals.
2. Portrait, with arms, litho., by Edwin Cocking, pub. by Richmond
& Co., Lond. Imp, fol.
Brigham, Charles, Rev., was born March 6, 1802, and
was the son of William Brigham, of Brigham and Abberford,
co. York, Esq., by Sarah, daughter of John Cressvvell, Esq.
This very ancient family had been seated at Brigham from the
earliest periods, but his father sold the estate, and went to reside
in Manchester, where he died July 22, 1815.
Mr. Brigham was educated and ordained priest at Ushaw
College. He was stationed at Sheffield, and, in the beginning
of 1 840, was appointed by Edward Riddell, Esq., of Cheeseburn
Grange, to the mission of Dodding Green, near Kendal, which
subsequently gave rise to a long dispute with the bishop as to
the right of presentation.
CatJi. Directories; Penny Cath. Mag., Feb. 1840; Burke,
Landed Gentry.
i. The Enormities of the Confessional Examined. Lond. 1841.
iamo.
Brigham, Nicholas, was a native of Caversham, in Oxford
shire, his family claiming descent from the Brighams of York
shire. He was educated at Hart's Hall, Oxford, and from
thence entered one of the Inns of Court.
In his early youth he indulged his natural genius for
poetry, which he soon laid aside for the more useful studies of
law and history. His regard for poetry, however, and in par
ticular for Sir Geoffrey Chaucer's memory, induced him to
undertake the expense of the restoration of the monument of
that celebrated poet, and its removal to the more conspicuous
place it now holds in Westminster Abbey.
Mr. Brigham died in his prime, Dec. 1559, leaving behind
him only a taste of what a longer life might have produced.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Pitts, DC Illust. Angl. Script.
i. De Venerationibus Herum memorabilium.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 297
A collection from which John Bale borrowed many materials for his
work " De Script. Majoris Brit."
2. Memoirs, by way of Diary, in twelve books.
3. Miscellaneous Poems.
Brindle, Thomas, D.D., Monsignore, was born at Walton-
le-Dale, in Lancashire, Dec. 18, 1791. His family were
always Catholic, of the yeomanry class, settled at Brindle,
Brownedge, Clayton, Samlesbury, and the neighbourhood, and
suffered considerably for their recusancy in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries.
At this period the district named was almost entirely served
by the Benedictines, and three or four of the Brindles were
sent to their colleges at Douay and Ampleforth. Thomas
Brindle was sent to the latter, soon after its establishment in
1802, where he took the habit, and was professed, with Mr.
Metcalf, Oct. 25, 1811. He was ordained priest in Sept.
1815, and two years later was appointed by the Chapter
assistant to Dr. Baines, of the same Order, to the Benedictine
mission of Bath. When the death of Bishop Collingridge,
which occurred at Cannington, March 3, 1829, was notified to
his coadjutor, Dr. Baines, then at Rome, his lordship, as suc
cessor to the Western Vicariate, appointed Dr. Brindle to be
the Administrator of the diocese and Grand Vicar until he
could return home. The Bishop further obtained for him
letters of secularization, and, in the summer of 1830, made him
Regent of his newly established college at Prior Park, with the
history of which his name will be ever identified. In Nov.
1849, Dr. Brindle resigned, and was succeeded as Regent by
Dr. Rooker. He was appointed Vicar-General of the diocese
of Clifton, at the restoration of the hierarchy in 1850, an office
which he held at various periods for twenty-one years, and two
years later he was appointed Provost of the Cathedral
Chapter.
In 1854 Gregory XVI. conferred upon him the distinction
of Domestic Prelate.
He died at Bath, an old man, full of days, in Dec. 1871,
aged 80.
He was held in veneration by all with whom he came in
contact, and during the Tractarian movement received many
converts into the Church.
Oliver, Collections ; Tablet, Dec. 23, 1871.
2 9% BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
i . Priest and Patriarch : a Sermon preached at the Funeral of
Mgr. Brindle, at St. Mary's, Bath, by the Eight Rev. Dr.
Sweeney, O.S.B., Abbot of St. Albans. 1871. 8vo.
Brinkley, Stephen, printer, was a gentleman of good
family, who joined the association of Catholic young gentle
men, founded by George Gilbert, to prepare Protestants for
the faith and then to conduct priests to them, and besides to
procure alms for the common fund out of which the priests
were supplied. The association consisted " of young gentle
men of great zeal and forwardness in religion," men of birth
and property, without wives or office, and thus free to devote
themselves to the cause. Their promise entailed upon them
great sacrifices ; they determined " to imitate the lives of the
apostles, and devote themselves wholly to the salvation of souls
and conversion of heretics." They promised " to content them
selves with food and clothing and the bare necessaries of their
state, and to bestow all the rest for the good of the Catholic
cause." And their association was solemnly blessed by
Gregory XIII., April 14, 1580.
Such was the society, organized for a purely religious and
ecclesiastical purpose, of which Stephen Brinkley was a
member.
At this period FF. Persons and Campion were busy prepar
ing their attack on Protestantism, and the necessity for the
establishment of a press for printing answers to the works
which would be sure to swarm against them was apparent.
They found their chief allies amongst the old Marian priests
Chambers, Blackwell, Maurice, Tirvvhit, Jury, Norris, and
Birkett and by their assistance, and the help of the landlord's
son, Persons procured from Mr. Brooks, the owner of a large
and very fair house called Greenstreet, at East Ham, in Essex,
about five miles from London, permission for certain gentle
men to lodge there.
Thither he conveyed the necessary materials, chiefly by the
assistance of his young friend Stephen Brinkley. But there
the parson and churchwardens had to be encountered, who
urged on the new-comers their duty of going to church. An
incautious purchase of paper also frightened them by the idea
that a clue had been furnished to the discovery of the press.
The first book that issued from this press was probably some
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 299
book of devotions or of encouragement to persecuted Catholics,
and after it was printed Brinkley took away the press.
It was then set up at Henley Park, the residence of
Francis Browne, the brother of Viscount Montague, who also
offered the use of his books, together with board and service.
Here Persons wrote his " Censure of Charke and Hanmer,"
in three parts, and also printed another book containing his
account of John Nichols the informer, but the press appears then
to have returned to Greenstreet.
The danger of discovery was very great, for though the
works hitherto printed bore the imprint of " Doway " on their
title-page, yet experts like Norton, to whom the Government
submitted them, reported " the print is done in England."
Brinkley, undaunted, once more offered to provide the press
when Campion's " Decem Rationes " was finished in 1581,
and sent to London for Persons' approval. Maurice offered to
procure the other requisites.
It was known that the Council were torturing and racking
Briant and other prisoners in the Tower to obtain the great
secret where Persons printed his books, and therefore prudence
dictated the removal of the press from Brooks's house.
Another reason was, that Brooks, the father, began to be
anxious about his property. He had been led to suppose that
his tenants were a family of gentlemen ; Brinkley had dressed
up his seven workmen in fine clothes, and given them horses,
to make the story appear more likely. But the signs of labour
did not altogether escape the notice of the landlord, who was
unwilling that his house should be used for illegal purposes.
In this state of things one of the workmen, who had been sent to
London to make some necessary purchases, was captured and
tortured ; and though nothing could be got out of him, yet the
warning was not lost upon Campion and Persons, who forth
with transferred the press to a lodge In Dame Cecilia Stonor's
park, near Henley ; a place both secret, as being surrounded
with woods, and easily accessible, for the Thames at that
period was a better highway than any road. Here Brinkley
printed the " Decem Rationes " without accident, and from
thence it was in due time dispersed among the Academicians
of Oxford.
In July, 1581, Campion was arrested at Lyford, and within
a month after, Stonor Park was searched, where Stephen
300 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Brinkley and all his printers were taken, and, with Mr. John
Stonor, were imprisoned in the Tower.
After incredible suffering, racking and torturing, Brinkley
was discharged from the Tower, in June, 1583, while his less
fortunate fellow-prisoner, William Carter, who with him is
described in the records of the prisoners in the Tower as a
printer and disseminator of Catholic books, suffered death at
Tyburn shortly afterwards.
He straightway proceeded to Rome with Fr. Persons, where
his name appears in the pilgrim-book of the English College
in the following September.
In the next year Fr. Persons went to live in a house belong
ing to the Jesuits at Rouen, where George Flinton and Stephen
Brinkley printed his second edition of the " Christian Directory."
Flinton had printed the first edition of this work here in 1581,
and on his death shortly after this, Brinkley was able to take
his place and resume his own most useful work as an English
Catholic printer.
The date of the death of this virtuous gentleman is not
recorded.
Simpson, Life of Campion, pp. 157, 184, 200, 212 ; Morris^
Troubles, Second Scries.
i. The Exercise of a Christian Life, written in Italian by the
Rev. Fr. Jasper Loarte, D. in Divinity of the Holy Society of
Jesus, newly perused and corrected by the translatour (James
Sancer), dedicated to the Reverend Societie of the name of Jesus,
Paris, 1579, I2mo., "Pardon all faultes good Reader and beare with the
Printers of a vulgare tongue in a forreine countrey ; " Paris, 1584, I2mo.,
woodcuts, " with certaine very devout exercises and prayers added thereunto
more then was in the first edition," and a sonnet to the Christian Reader by
V. R. Fr. Persons spells Brinkley's assumed name " Banker," and it was
perhaps so pronounced. Gee, in his " Foot out of the Snare," 1624, records
the book with the initials S. B., so that it probably went through other
editions.
Bristow, Richard, D.D., was born in Worcester in 1538.
His parents, being in a good position, were able to give their
son a liberal education at Oxford, where he was entered a
scholar in 1555, proceeded B.A. in 1559, and M.A. June 26,
1562, being at that time a member of Christ Church. Mr.
Bristow and Mr. Campion were at this time the two brightest
men in the University, and accordingly they were chosen for
the public disputation held before Queen Elizabeth, Sept. 3,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 301
1566, which was received with great applause. Mr. Bristow
was afterwards, in July, 1567, admitted a Fellow of Exeter
College, through the interest of Sir William Petre, who intended
to have promoted him further had he not become suspected
as to his religious tendency, of which he gave plain proof in
the controversy he held with Dr. Laurence Humphrey, whom
he attacked with remarkable success on certain points of religion.
Throwing up the brilliant career held out to him, he left the
University and retired to Louvain, and when Dr. Allen had
conceived the idea of establishing the English College at Douay,
Mr. Bristow was invited to join him, in 1569, and pursue his
theological studies. He passed through several degrees at the
University at Douay, and was created Doctor, Aug. 3, 1579.
Much of the success attending the early years of the English
College is due to the able manner in which Dr. Allen was
supported by Dr. Bristow. He was the President's right hand
upon all occasions. He was Prefect of Studies, he read a
lecture on Scripture for an hour every day, and sometimes he
had to assume the President's place in his absence. Meantime
his mother, with her five children, a nephew, and a niece, came
over from England, as also his brother, a layman, who being a
good economist was employed by the college in looking after
its affairs.
Considering Dr. Bristow's weak constitution, it was sur
prising that he was able to undergo the continual fatigue of
reading and teaching, and writing and publishing his contro
versial works. The pains he took in his labours at length
brought on an illness a consumption, for which his physicians
advised him to take a journey to Spa, which resulted in very
little benefit. Then it was thought that his own native air might
contribute to his recovery, and he accordingly set out for Eng
land, Sept. 23, 1581, where he was entertained by Mr. Jerome
Bellamy, at his seat at Harrow-on-the-Hill, near London, but
he died shortly after his arrival, Oct. 18, 1581, aged 43.
His death was a general loss to the cause, as well as to the
College at Douay, for, according to the character given to
him in its records, he might rival Allen in prudence, Stapleton
in acumen, Campion in eloquence, Wright in theology, and
Martin in languages.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Douay Diaries ; Wood, A then. Oxon. and
Hist, and Antiq. Univ. Oxon.
3O2 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
1. Abriefe Treatise of diverse plaine and sure wayes to finde
out the truthe in this doubtful and dangerous time of Heresie
conteyning sundry worthy motives unto the Catholike faith, or
Considerations to move a man to beleve the Catholikes, and not
the ETeretikes, Antverpiae, Johannem Foulerum, Anglicani, 1574, i2mo.,
running title " Motives to the Catholike Faith," generally known by the title
of "Bristow's Motives," title i f., preface, ir ff., ff. 176, table, ff. 8. ; reprinted
Antwerp, 1599, i6mo. He translated it into Latin, and after his death it was
edited by Dr. Thos. Worthington, with a short life of the author, under the
title " Richardi Bristol, Vigornensis, eximii suo tempore sacrse Theologian
Doctoris et Professoris, Motiva omnibus Catholics doctrinal orthodoxis
cultoribus pernecessaria," Atrebati, 1608, 410., two vols. in one ; Duaci, 1608,
4to. It was again published in English under the title of " Motives inducing
to the Catholicke Faith" (Douay?) 3rd edit. 1641, I2mo.
Card. Allen says, in his approbation of the first edition (dated April 30,
1574), "This treatise written in the English tongue by my loving friend
Richard Bristou, Licentiat in Divinitie, conteining with great perspicuitie,
order, and art, divers most excellent marks whereby to discerne in Religion
the true judgement of the Catholike Church from the false vanitie of the
Heretikes : is in all pointes Catholike, learned, and worthy to be read and
printed, which alone, if my country most sweete unto me wil earnestly and
diligently reade it wil mervaile that from the grounded faith of al times,
nations, and Doctors, it can be removed by so few, so new-risen, so busie, so
evil, so unlearned felowes, and so at variance amongst themselves." It was
for having this book bound for him, that James Duckett, a bookseller, Avas
condemned to death, and executed at Tyburn, April 19, 1601.
Scattered up and down through the volume are curious scraps of personal
history which one would hardly expect to find there.
It led to a controversy with Dr. Will. Fulke, of Cambridge, and several
books were published.
2. Demaundes to bee proposed of Catholickes to the Heretickes
by Richard Bristow, Priest and Doctor of Divinitie. Taken
partely out of his late Englishe booke of Motives to the
Catholicke faith, parteley out of his intended Latin book of the
same matter, s.l. et an. sm. 121110., A. to F. pp. 140, Black Letter. At the
back of the title is the following, " Hie libellus est Catholicus, elegans
apprime utilis et praslo degnus. Ita Tester Gulielmus Alanus S. Theol.
Duaci Professor Regius." This is apparently the work of which the Douay
Diary says (p. 102) that the heretics had seized the first edition of the
Motives and then the author wrote an epitome of them. This is under date
March, 1576, when the work seems to have issued from the press.
It is generally called "The Fifty-one Demands," and was reprinted, Lond.
1592, 4to., perhaps a Protestant edition, which elicited, " To the Seminary
Priests late come over, c. Answer to Dr. Bristow's 51 Demands," Lond.
1592.
3. Tabula in Summam Theologicam S. Thomse Aquinatis j
1579-
4. A Reply to William Fulke in Defence of M.D. AUen's Scrole
of Articles and Booke of Purgatorie. Perused and Allowed by
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 303
me, Th. Stapleton. Louvaine, 1580, 4to., pp. 415. Which elicited "A
Rejoinder to Bristow's Reply in Defence of Allen's Scrowle of Articles and
Book of Purgatory. By William Fulk." Lond. 1581. 8vo.
5. He was concerned in the Translation of the Old and New Testaments,
and wrote many of the Commentaries in the latter.
6. Veritates Aurese S. R. Ecclesise Auctorifcatibus Veterum
Patrum, &c. Opus posthumum, 1616.
7. Portrait. He appears in " The Jesuits and Frists as they use to sitt
at Counsell in England to further ye Catholicke Cause," engraved in Thomas
Scott's " Vox populi, or News from Spain," reproduced in Foley's " Records
S.J.," vol. vii.
Brittain, Thomas Lewis, O.P., was born near Chester
in i 744. His parents were Protestants, but he was converted
at the age of 16, and with his brother William was reconciled
to the Catholic Church. Two years later he went to Picardy
to study French, and subsequently joined the Dominicans at
Bornhem, where he was professed Oct. 22, 1767.
After studying for a short time at Louvain, he taught for
many years at Bornhem with the highest reputation, and was
appointed Regent. In 1790 he received his degree of S. Th.
Mag., and in the same year resigned the Regency for the
appointment of Director of the English Dominicanesses at
Brussels, an office which he retained until his death, during a
space of nearly thirty-seven years.
When the French army was daily expected at Brussels, he
escorted the community from their Convent of the Rosary,
June 22, 1794, to Bornhem, and from thence conducted them
safely to England, and saw them comfortably settled at Hart-
pury Court, near Gloucester, where he ended his days, May 3,
1827, aged 83, and was buried in Hartpury churchyard. He
had served the office of Provincial from 1814 to 1818, and was
much respected and beloved by his brethren.
Oliver, Collections ; Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS. ; Palmer,
Obit. Notices, O.S-D.
1. Rudiments of English Grammar. Louvain, 1788, i2mo., pp. 164 ;
2nd edit. Lond. 1790, i2mo., pp. 157.
This work in its day was esteemed the most useful and perfect of the kind
published, and was highly commended by Walker, the lexicographer, who was
a personal friend of the author.
2. Principles of the Christian Religion and Catholic Faith
investigated. Part I., containing the undeniable evidence of
the Existence of God, Divine Revelation, and the Divinity of
Jesus Christ. Part II., His establishment of the Christian
304 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Church and Catholic Unity Authority, Succession, and Prac
tices of it to this day ; with an Explanation of her Tenets for
the misinformed who impugn them. Lond. 1790. i2mo., pp. 353.
3. The Divinity of Jesus Christ and Beauties of his Gospel
demonstrated, in a few Comments on St. Matthew according to
the holy Fathers. Lond. 1822. 8vo., pp. 227.
4. Biographical Collections of the English Dominicans. MSS.
Soon after he had joined the Order, he was directed to transcribe and
collect from the archives the lives of all the Fathers, for a Flemish Dominican
who purposed to publish a history in Latin of the Dominicans of the Nether
lands. This history was never published, and it is to be feared Fr. Brittain's
Collections perished in the confusion caused by the French invasion. His
work included a history of the establishment at Bornhem from its commence
ment in 1658, to within a few years of the Revolution, and was drawn from
authentic sources.
5. A Collection of Poems occasionally written. Cheltenham,
1822. I2mo., pp. 33.
6. The Divinity of Jesus Christ and Beauties of His Gospel,
continued in some comments or notes on SS. Mark, Luke, and
John, as an appendix to those on St. Matthew. MS. fol. pp. 93. In
the archives of the Province.
7. Essay on the Mystery of our Redemption and the Love of
our Redeemer. MS. pp. 31. In the archives of the Province.
Britton, John, martyr, was a gentleman of ancient family,
born at Britton, in the West Riding of York. All his life a
zealous Catholic, he suffered constant persecution on account of
his conscience, so much so that he was generally obliged to
absent himself from his wife and family in order to keep out of
danger. At length, when advanced in years, he was falsely
accused by a malicious fellow, of having uttered some treason
able words against the Queen, and was condemned on this
charge. He was offered his life if he would renounce his faith,
but refusing, was executed at York, as in cases of high treason,
April i, 1598.
" Frances Bretton, widow, of Bretton, and Dorothie Bretton
her daughter, old Recusants," appear in the list of Yorkshire
Papists in 1604.
Mr. Britton was probably the father of Dr. Matthew Britton
and Fr. Richard Francis Britton, O.S.F.
Matthew Britton, alias Rawson, D.D., was admitted into
the English College, Rome, in 1586, at the age of 21, and
was ordained priest there in 1592. He then proceeded to
the English College at Rheims, and in the following year
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 305
went to Douay, where he became Prefect, and was made Pro
fessor in i 599-
He was afterwards invited to the Monastery of Regular
Canons at Hennin, near Douay, to read lessons in divinity, but
did not remain long, and returned to Douay, where he sang
Mass at the consecration of their new church, July 3, 1603.
In 1604 he was sent to England, and laboured on the mission
for many years, principally in Lancashire, where he was living
in 1635 at the age of 70 years, being much esteemed for his
learning and prudence.
Challoner, Memoirs ; Douay Diaries ; Peacock, List of Roman
Catholics of York ; Foley, Records S.J., Roman Diary.
Britton, Richard, O.S.F., was probably an uncle or near
relative of John Britton, of Britton, in Yorkshire, martyred at
York in 1598.
He was of New College, Oxford, and at the age of 24, by
dint of study, was clearly convinced of the faith, and openly
did all he could to oppose the progress of schism. He denied
and ridiculed the ecclesiastical supremacy of Edward VI., the
boy-king, and defended the authority of the Pope.
For this he was tried, and fearless of death he confessed in
court more amply still, for which he was committed to
prison.
Sanders, who knew him personally, and lived in the same
college with him, says, " He was in years a youth, but in courage
an old man ; he maintained, not by word of mouth only, that
the Roman Pontiff, as the successor of St. Peter, is the sovereign
head of the Church, and in that dignity the sole Vicar of Christ,
but also by his writings, which he presented to his judge, proving
his faith and confirming it by the testimony of the Scriptures
and the ancient Fathers. And he too was kept in prison for the
sake of Christ."
He practised great austerity, mortification, and abstinence, his
only food being bread, to which on feast-days he added a little
broth. His wonderful austerities and constancy in the faith
won others over among whom Sanders was one who visited
him in prison, and resolved, if the opportunity arose, to contend
for the faith as he had done.
The accession of Mary brought him his liberty, and he
entered the Order of Franciscan Observants and was clothed
VOL. I. X
306 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
at Greenwich, where he died almost immediately afterwards,
probably in 1554.
Lezuis, Sanders' Anglican Schism ; Parkinson, Coll. Anglo-
Mm., p. 249.
i. Works in defence of the authority of the Pope in ecclesiastical
matters.
Britton, Richard Francis, O.S.F., was probably a brother
of Dr. Matthew Britton, and son of John Britton, of Britton, in
Yorkshire, martyred at York in 1598. He served the mission
in England, but further particulars of his life, or the date of his
death, have not been recorded.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Folcy, Records S.J., Roman Diary.
1. Manuductions to the Palace of Trueth. By F. B. Observant.
Mackline, 1616, i2mo. Ded. to M(r.) S. T., dated Oct. 12, 1615, title i f.,
ded. &c. 7 ff. pp. 139, &c. 4 ff. A controversial work concerning the general
motives of Catholic Faith,
2. Other controversial works pub. anonymously.
Brockholes, John, the younger, was son of John Brock-
holes, of Claughton, co. Lancaster, Esq., by his first wife, Anne,
daughter and heiress of William Barcroft, of Barcroft, Esq.
Brockholes, near Preston, was the original seat of the family,
a manor which passed to the Singletons in marriage with the
heiress of the elder line.
Adam de Brochol, a younger brother of William de Brochol,
of Brockholes, founded the Claughton and Heaton branch of
the family in the thirteenth century.
It was noted for its staunch adherence to the faith, and its
unswerving loyalty to the rightful heirs to the throne.
Thomas Brockholes, of Claughton and Heaton, son of Thomas
Brockholes, Esq., by Dorothy, daughter of John Rygmayden,
of Wedacre, Esq., appears in the list of recusants sent to the
Council by the Bishop of Chester (" Dom. Eliz.," vol. cclxvi.
No. 80, Feb. 1598), assessed at from ^5 to 20, towards the
expense of raising troops for service in Ireland, and he was
charged for his wife's recusancy 7 i os. It would therefore
appear that at this time he himself had nominally conformed
to escape penalties. His first wife was Janet, daughter of
Edward Bradyll, of Portfield, Esq. ; and the second, the one
referred to in the levy, was Dorothy, daughter of Nicholas
Leyburne, of Cunswick, co. Westmoreland, Esq. The latter
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 307
was repeatedly fined for her recusancy, and appears in the
annual returns with her husband, who principally resided at
Heaton, until his death there in 1618. In 1607 Thomas
Brockholes came within the operation of one of those iniquitous
grants, inaugurated by James I., by which the benefit of his
recusancy that is, the two-thirds of his estate, with other
penalties imposed by law, was handed over to the voracious
appetite of a needy Scotchman, David Stewart, who at the
same time had the grant of the recusancy of Henry Banister,
of Bank, and Mary Gerard, of Somersetshire. In the following
year, after the Scotchman had squeezed all he could out of the
estate, Mr. Brockholes' recusancy, with that of other Lancashire
Catholic gentlemen, was transferred to another hanger-on of the
Court, Charles Chambers, perhaps an Englishman, for the
English had then begun to grumble at the plunder the Scotch
favourites of King James were reaping from the English
Catholics.
And so the family continued, regularly paying its fines and
suffering the other penalties imposed on recusants, besides
taking its share of the troubles of the Civil War, until the
period which introduces the subject of the present memoir.
When the Chevalier de St. George marched into Lancashire
in 1715, he was joined by two of the sons of John Brock-
holes, the elder, who was then too old to take an active part
himself.
After the battle of Preston, so disastrous to the Stuart
cause, John Brockholes, the younger, and his brother William,
were convicted and outlawed as traitors, but though judgment
was passed on the former, it does not appear that either of
them suffered imprisonment.
The elder brother was most probably wounded at the battle
of Preston, and removed in a hopeless state to his father's
house at Claughton, where he died in Sept. 1717. He had
married Elizabeth, daughter of John Bradyll, of Bradyll and
Portfield, but left no issue.
In the previous January, the old man, then over seventy
years of age, with his two younger sons, William and Roger,
the latter a priest, were convicted of recusancy at the Lancaster
Quarter Sessions, and in 1717 the father registered his estate
as a Papist in compliance with the Act of I Geo. I.
On Oct. 12, 1716, the Constable of Claughton reported to the
x 2
3O8 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
High Constable of Amounderness, by order of the Commis
sioners for Forfeited Estates, that John and William Brock-
holes, sons of John Brockholes, Esq., and James Dockady, were
the only traitors or outlaws, and that Roger Brockholes and
Richard Taylor were the only priests, within his township.
Dockady was afterwards condemned to be executed, and
perhaps John Brockholes might have shared the same fate had
his condition been otherwise than desperate. His younger
brother, William Brockholes, succeeded his father, in 1718, to
the estates, but leaving no issue by his wife Jane, daughter and
co-heiress of Michael Johnson, of Twyzell Hall, co. Durham
(sister of his father's second wife, Mary), and his three other
brothers being priests, the estates passed at his death in succes
sion to the three sons of his sister Mary, the wife of William
Hesketh, of The Maynes, in Little Singleton, Esq., who assumed
the name of Brockholes. Thomas, the eldest, was unmarried ;
Joseph married, in 1768, Constantia, daughter of Basil Fitz-
herbert, of Swynnerton, co. Stafford, Esq., but left no surviving
issue ; and James, the last holder of the estates, was also
unmarried.
Failing direct heirs, the property passed by the settlement
of Joseph Hesketh Brockholes to his brother-in-law, William
Fitzherbert, who assumed the additional name of Brockholes.
John Brockholes, the elder, by his second wife, had a daughter
Catherine, married to Charles Howard, tenth Duke of Norfolk.
There were five priests in the last two generations of the
family.
Thomas and Roger, younger sons of Thomas Brockholes,
Esq., by Mary, daughter and heiress of John Holden, of
Chaighley, Esq., both studied at Douay College ; the former
was ordained there, and in 1717 was at Standish Hall, but
died at Burgh Hall, near Chorley, the seat of the Chadwicks,
Nov. 10, 1738; the latter, Roger, having completed his
divinity at Douay, proceeded to the English College, Lisbon,
where he was ordained priest, and remained for many years as
a professor. Eventually he came on the mission, was admitted
a member of the Chapter, appointed Archdeacon in 1698, and
died Chaplain to the Convent at York in 1 700.
Their eldest brother, John Brockholes, hitherto called the elder,
had three sons priests, Thomas, Roger, and Charles. Thomas,
the eldest son, was ordained priest at Douay in Dec. 1706, and
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 309
remained at the college for many years as a professor. He
came on the mission to Wolverhampton, in May, 1727, and three
years later succeeded Bishop Dicconson at Chillington, the seat
of Peter Gififard, Esq. He was a member of the Chapter, and, in
1754, was chosen Archdeacon of Staffordshire, Cheshire, and
Derbyshire. He was also Grand Vicar to Bishop Stonor, and
died Jan. 16, 1758, and was buried at Brewood.
Roger Brockholes was ordained priest at the English College,
Rome, in 1708, and left for Paris two years later. Soon after
he was at Claughton, and, besides assisting the Rev. Richard
Taylor in the mission there, frequently said Mass at Midghall,
in Myerscough, and The Hough, in Newsham. His name
often appears in the Tyldesley diary. When Mr. Taylor died,
in 1726, Roger Brockholes either immediately succeeded him,
or very soon after took over the charge of the Claughton
mission, where he died Oct. 10, 1743.
Charles Brockholes, S.J., the youngest brother, was born in
1684, and was educated at St. Omer's College. He entered
the Society at Watten in 1705, and, in 1711, was sent to the
Maryland mission, from which he returned about 1716. He
served the missions of Blackrod and Wigan for many years,
and died at Wigan, Feb. 20, 1759.
Thus ended the male line of the fine old family of Brock-
holes, of Claughton Hall, which is now represented by William
Fitzherbert-Brockholes, Esq.
P.R.O.,Dom.Jac. I., vol. xxviii/No. 122, Dec. 23, 1607, and
vol. xxxi. No. i, Jan. 4, 1608 ; Forfeited Estates, L. 2 and 3,
P. 62 and 63, B. 62 ; Gillow, Lancashire Recusants, MS. ;
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS.; Dugdale, Visit. Lane. 1665 ;
Douay Diaries ; Foley, Records S.J., vols. vi. and vii. ; Fishwick
Hist, of Gars tang.
Bromholme, or Brindholme, Edmund, priest, chaplain
to Lord Lisle, was executed at Tyburn, Aug. 4, 1540, for
denying the ecclesiastical supremacy of Henry VIII.
Stow, Chronicles ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Bromley, Anselm, O.S.B., a native of Liverpool, was
professed at the monastery of St. Laurence at Dieulward in
1766, and sent to the mission in the Benedictine North
Province.
3 IO BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
He kept a school in the neighbourhood of Liverpool, where
he died Nov. 27, 1779.
Snow, Bened. Necrology; Gillow, Cath. Schools in England,MS.
Bromley, John, schoolmaster, a native of Shropshire, had
an academical education, and after receiving Orders in the
Church of England, enjoyed successively several benefices.
At the commencement of the reign of James II. he was
curate of St. Giles'-in-the-Fields, London. He soon after
became a Catholic, and obtained employment as a corrector of
the press in the King's Printing-house, which enabled him to
live comfortably until the Revolution of 1688 obliged him to
resign, and he then opened a boarding-school for young gentle
men. In this he appears to have been very successful, and his
school was patronized by some of the best Catholic families.
Pope, the poet, is said to have been one of his pupils.
His wife was the daughter of Mr. Pritchard, a goldsmith in
Drury Lane, and having no children, Mr. Bromley relinquished
his school, presumably after her death, and travelled as tutor
with some young gentlemen on the Continent. He retired
at length to his native county, and died at Madeley, Jan. 10,
He was said to be a good classical scholar, but the only
work he is recorded to have published is not favourable to his
reputation.
Dodd, Ch. Hist,
i. The Catechism of the Council of Trent. A Translation from
the Latin. Lond. 1687. Svo. Waterworth in his edition thus refers to
this translation : "An anonymous translation appeared in 1687, but it is so
unfaithful and even ludicrously absurd that it must be regarded rather as a
burlesque than a translation of the decrees."
Bromwich, Andrew, priest, a native of Oscott in Staf
fordshire, was educated at the English College, Lisbon, where
he was ordained priest.
Sent on the mission, he chiefly resided near Wolverhampton,
and was one of the victims of the infamous Gates' plot in 1678.
He was apprehended and committed to Stafford Gaol, and was
tried at the county assizes, Aug. 13, 1679, by Sir William
Scroggs. The only evidence produced against him was that of
Anne Robinson, who positively swore she had frequently heard
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. $11
him say Mass and had received Holy Communion at his hands ;
Geoffrey Robinson, who merely deposed that he had heard
him repeat something in a language he did not understand,
and use certain ceremonies in a surplice, &c. ; and Jane
Robinson, Geoffrey's wife, who being put into the witness-box,
would not own she knew anything concerning the prisoner's
character.
However, Judge Scroggs condemned him to death, though
he was afterwards reprieved. After lying some time in prison,
he seems to have been forgotten rather than actually pardoned,
so that his release was either with permission or connivance.
He then returned to his home and property at Oscott, situated
about five miles from Birmingham, and took charge of the few
Catholics here and in the neighbourhood until his death, Oct. i 5,
1702. He was buried in the family vault at Handsworth.
His antique chair, of very rude construction, is still preserved
at Oscott. His uncle, the Rev. Francis Fitter, also a Lisbon
priest, succeeded him in the mission, and died there in i/n,
at the advanced age of 89. From this humble foundation
and residence of Andrew Bromwich has been raised the
present extensive College of St. Mary's, Oscott, and thus an
outline of its history may not be out of place.
The Rev. Philip Hickin succeeded Mr. Fitter, and died in
1735, and after some other pastors, among whom were the
Revs. C. Fitz-Williams, James Layfield, and Joseph Barnes,
the mission of Oscott was taken charge of by the Rev. Pierce
Parry, about 1752. Soon after, probably in the following
year, Bishop Hornyold, then coadjutor to Bishop Stonor, built
a new house at Oscott, with the intention of providing a
residence for the Vicars-Apostolic of the Midland district in
case they should at any time be obliged to leave their actual
residence at Longbirch, near Wolverhampton. The top-story
was the chapel, extending west the whole length of the front,
the altar being at the end nearest to the building added about
forty years later when Oscott was first opened as a College.
Soon after 1778, the Rev. Pierce Parry built a new chapel,
extending along the east side of the house, with a long room
over it for a dormitory. As the house at Oscott was not
actually required for the Bishop's residence, and was larger
than the priest himself required, it was let to a Mrs. Johnson,
who had previously kept a boarding-school for young ladies at
312 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Harvington, in Worcestershire. Here she opened a school,,
but meeting with little success, only remained a short time,
and removed, in 1785, to Aldridge, about four miles distant
from Oscott, accompanied by Mr. Parry, who had been afflicted
with paralysis and was quite incapacitated.
The Rev. Joseph Berington was then appointed to Oscott by
Bishop Thomas Talbot, and came to reside here in the latter
year. The solitude and quietude of the place, and the small
congregation, were most favourable to his literary pursuits, and
here he wrote most of his works. Dr. Charles Berington,
coadjutor to Bishop Talbot, also came to reside with his
cousin, soon after his consecration, and remained until about
1792.
Mr. Joseph Berington removed from Oscott in May of the
following year, and became chaplain to Sir John Throckmorton,
Bart., at Buckland. He was succeeded by the Rev. Anthony
Clough, from Hathrop, who died at Oscott Sept. 7 following.
The mission was then temporarily supplied by the Rev. John
Kirk from Sedgley Park School, and it was at his suggestion
that the Rev. John Bew, D.D., late President of St. Gregory's
College, Paris, was appointed, in 1794, with the idea of
educating a few students for the Church.
The destruction of the English Colleges on the Continent
by the French Revolution necessitated the speedy devise of
some means for continuing the supply of clergy for the English
mission. Thus Dr. Kirk was in reality the originator of Oscott
College.
Dodd, CJi. Hist. ; Hitsenbeth, Life of Weedall.
i. Speech prepared for delivery on the Scaffold in expectancy
of Execution. 1679. MS.
Brook, Sir Basil, of Madley Court, Shropshire, held an
influential position in the Catholic body during the reigns of
James I. and Charles I., and he also possessed some interest at
Court.
In 1635 he displayed great activity in supporting the cause
of the Regulars against episcopal government in England,
though he had formerly been very friendly with Dr. Bishop,
Bishop of Chalcedon, who in fact died at Sir Basil's seat near
London, called Bishop's Court, April 16, 1624.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 313
He was born about 1574, and is described as of very hand
some and comely person.
Dodd t Ch. Hist.
1. Entertainments for Lent, written in French by the B. F. N.
Caussin, S. J. Translated into English by Sir Basil Brook. 1672. i2mo.
Another edition was printed by John Sadler, at Liverpool, 1755 . i8mo.
2. It is very probable that he assisted Sir Thos. Hawkins in the trans
lation of Fr. Caussin's " Holy Court," written originally in French and
published at Paris in 1627. Svo.
The English translation was printed by J. Cousturier, Rouen, 1634, fol.
with frontispiece, and it met with such popularity in this country, especially
among Catholics, that it went through three subsequent editions Lond.
1 650, thick folio, with portraits; again in 1663; and the fourth edition in
1678; all three being dedicated to Queen Henriette Maria, the last having
the lives of Card. Pole and Mary Queen of Scots.
3. A Cunning Plot to divide and destroy the Parliament and
the City of London .... The design is fully discovered in the
severall examinations and confessions of Sir Basil Brook, &c.
1643. 410.
Brookby, Anthony, D.D., O.S.F., martyr, whose name
is sometimes spelt Brorby, Brocke, and Borbe, was Fellow of
Magdalen College, Oxford, proceeded D.D., and was professor
of that faculty in his college. He was considered a perfect
master of Greek and Hebrew, and also had a great reputation
as a preacher.
On one occasion he inveighed against the proceedings of
Henry VIII. from the pulpit of St. Laurence's Church, London,
for which he was arrested and cast into a loathsome prison.
Still refusing to subscribe to the king's ecclesiastical supremacy,
he was racked to such an extent that his sinews and joints
were extended and dislocated in a deplorable manner, all
which he endured with wonderful courage and constancy, often
expressing an ardent desire to undergo still more cruel torments
for the love of God.
His sufferings rendered him unable to lift his hand to his
mouth, and a devout woman nursed and fed him for five-and-
twenty days, when an executioner was sent to his prison and
put an end to his pains and miseries by strangling him with
his own cord or girdle, July 19, 1537.
Bouchicr, Hist. Eccl. de Martyr. Frat. Minor.
Brooke, Sir Robert, Knt., Lord Chief Justice, was the
son of Thomas Brooke, or Broke, of Claverley, in Shropshire,
314 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
by Margaret, daughter of Hugh Grosvenor, of Farmot in the
same county. From Oxford he proceeded to the Middle
Temple, where he was Reader in 1542 and 1551. Between
these dates in i 545 he was advanced from the office of Com
mon Serjeant of the City of London to that of Recorder in the
room of Sir Roger Chomley. In that character he is fre
quently mentioned in Dyer's Reports. In Michaelmas, I55 2 >
he was made a Serjeant, and was several times returned to
Parliament as representative of the metropolis.
He was elected Speaker in that which met on April 2, I554>
during which the marriage of the Queen with Philip of Spain
was solemnized.
A new Parliament was then called, and between the date of
the summons and the day of meeting, Brooke was put in the
place of Sir Richard Morgan as Chief Justice of the Common
Pleas on Oct. 8, 1554.
He was knighted by King Philip on Jan. 27, 1555, but he
enjoyed his judicial dignity little more than four years, dying
on Sept. 6, 1558, about two months before the death of the
Queen. On his tomb at Claverley he is represented in his
official robes, with a wife on each side of him in splendid
attire.
One of his wives was named Anne, and the other Dorothy,
and between them they gave him seventeen children. His
name had a high reputation in Westminster Hall, not only on
account of his great learning and his just administration of the
law, but as the author of the works enumerated below. He
was throughout very zealous in the cause of the old religion.
Foss, Judges of England ; Dodd, CJi. Hist.
1. Certain Cases adjudged in the Time of King Henry VIII.,
Edward VI. and Queen Mary, from the 6th of Henry VIII. to
the 4th of Queen Mary. Lond. 1578, 8vo. ; Lond. 1604, Svo., often
reprinted, known as " Ascun's Novel Cases."
2. An Abridgment ; containing an Abstract of the Year-books,
till the Reign of Queen Mary.
Lond. 1573, fol., which Coke calls "an excellent repertory."
The latest edition of this work was published Lond. 1873. 8vo.
3. The Reading of Sir Robert Brooke upon the Statute of
Limitations, 32 Henry VIII. c. 2. Lond. 1647. Svo. Read at the
Middle Temple in 1542.
4. The Reading of Robert Brooke upon the Statute of Magna
Charta. Chap. 16 (i.e. chap. 17). Lond. 1641. 4to. Read in 1551.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 3 I 5
Brookes, James, last Catholic Bishop of Gloucester, was
born in May, 1512, in Hampshire, and being sent to Oxford
in 1528, was admitted a Fellow of Corpus Christi College
three years later. He passed through the various degrees
with marked success, and in 1546 was created D.D., the
following year being chosen Master of Balliol College. When
Mary ascended the throne, she sent for Dr. Brookes, who
had made a great name as a zealous and eloquent preacher,
and it was not long before he was promoted to the See of
Gloucester, upon the deprivation of John Hooper. He was
consecrated April i, 1554. In the following year he was
appointed one of the Papal sub-delegates in the royal com
mission for the trial of Cranmer, Latimer, and Ridley.
Protestant historians represent his refusal on this occasion to
degrade Latimer and Ridley of their episcopal order, as irre
concilable with his general conduct, and insinuate that he was
either actuated by spleen or passion against the Reformers, or,
on the other hand, was influenced by the advantages accruing
to the next incumbents of the Sees by the new leases, which
could not be expected if the bishops under prosecution were
acknowledged to be truly consecrated.
But here times and circumstances must be distinguished.
Latimer was consecrated in 1535, Ridley in 1547, and Cranmer
in I533-
Now Cranmer's consecration was before the breach with
Rome. Latimer's was also indisputable, for at that time there
was no alteration in the ordinal of which we know, except the
omission of the canonical obedience to the Pope, a non-
essential part of the consecration.
Ridley's case was quite different, for he had been consecrated
in the first of Edward VI.'s reign, when both the doctrine and
discipline of the previous reign were entirely changed ; and
though the new ordinal was not legally established until after
the date of his consecration, yet it is very probable that some
such ceremony was used, of which Bishop Brookes and the
other delegates were aware, and having considered would find
defective in some essential point.
The reflections, therefore, cast upon him are groundless. If
it be true that he did refuse to degrade Latimer, which rests
on the very doubtful authority of Fox, he might have other
reasons for so doing to which we are strangers. Latimer had
3*6 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
lived for several years as a simple clergyman, and had, by
his heterodoxy, made himself obnoxious to all the censures of
the Church, and therefore the delegates might omit the cere
mony of his degradation.
However, it is admitted by all historians that Bishop Brookes
was a man of learning, candour, and sincerity, and it is not
probable that he was ignorant of what he was about or could
be guilty of juggling in an affair of this nature. When Eliza
beth succeeded to the throne Bishop Brookes, being summoned
to take the oath of supremacy, refused, and was committed to
prison, where he died in Feb. 1 5 60, and was buried in a
stone coffin in the Cathedral at Gloucester. Maziere Brady
erroneously states that he died Sept. 7, 1558.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Wood, AtJicn. Oxon.
1. A Sermon [on Matt. ix. 18] very notable, fruietefull and
godlie, made at Paule's Crosse, the XII. dale of Novembre in the
first yere of Quene Marie. Roberte Coly, Lond. 1553. 8vo.
Another edition, "by J. Brokes, Newly imprinted and somewhat
augmented." R. Caly, Lond. 1554. Svo. Black Letter, without pagination.
Sig. A-L.
2. Oration in St. Mary's Church in Oxon, 12 March 1555, to
Thorn. Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury.
It commences, " My lord, at this present we are come to you as com
missioners," &c.
3. Oration in closing up the Examination of Tho. Cranmer,
Archbishop of Canterbury.
Commencing, " Mr. Cranmer (I cannot otherwise, considering your ob
stinacy), I am right sorry," &c.
The two latter orations were printed by Fox in his "Acts and Monu
ments."
Brooks, Ferdinand, priest and martyr ; vide Hugh
Green.
Broomhead, Rowland, priest, was born at Stannington,
four miles from Sheffield, Aug. 27, 1751, where his father
possessed a valuable landed property inherited from his
ancestors, who were Catholics. At an early age he was sent,
with his elder brother, to Sedgley Park School, in Stafford
shire, which had then been but recently established. From
thence he was sent to Rome, and was admitted into the
English College, Oct. 7, 1765. Here he was ordained priest,
and had the honour to deliver a discourse before Clement XIV.
The Diary of the College is silent as to the exact date of his
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 317
ordination, but it was some months before the completion
of his twenty-fourth year, in 1775, and he was sent to assist
the Rev. J. Lodge in the mission at Sheffield, where he
remained two years.
The Rev. Edward Helme, the priest at Manchester, who died
Oct. 1 6, 1773, appears to have been succeeded by the Rev.
John Orrell. At this time the only chapel the Catholics had in
Manchester was in a passage, still known as Roman Entry, in
Church Street, leading from High Street, and Mr. Orrell set to
work to build a new chapel, in Rook Street, to accommo
date the increasing number of Catholics in the town. This
chapel was dedicated to St. Chad, and was opened June 23,
1776.
It is said that the Catholics in Manchester scarcely numbered
seventy souls when Mr. Helme first went there.
Almost two years later, March 19, 1778, Mr. Broomhead
was removed from Sheffield to take the place of the Rev.
Charles Houghton, who had succeeded Mr. Orrell shortly after
the opening of Rook Street chapel.
Mr. Houghton left to travel with Mr. Battersby through
Italy, and after his return was appointed chaplain at Carlton, in
Yorkshire, the seat of the Stapletons, eventually dying at York,
Sept. 7, 1797-
At this period the district attached to the misson was rather
extensive, for the resident priest at Manchester was also called
upon to serve Bolton, Rochdale, Trafford, Stockport, Glossop,
and Macclesfield, though it has been asserted that he had only
six hundred communicants in all these places. Within the
next few years, however, the congregation at Manchester alone
had increased so much that Mr. Broomhead found it necessary
to build another chapel, and accordingly, St. Mary's, Mulberry
Street, was opened Nov. 30, 1794, the Rev. Edward Kenyon
being appointed its first priest. The progress continuing, Mr.
Broomhead planned another chapel on a still more extensive
scale, and, almost immediately before his death, St. Augustine's,
Granby Row, was opened. Mr. Broomhead died Oct. 12, 1820,
aged 69.
His name and virtues are not only a part of the traditions
of Manchester, but also of the respect and memory of its
people. A memorandum by the Rev. George Leo Haydock
states that when Mr. Broomhead first went to Manchester he
31 8 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
found about 1,000 Catholics under his charge, and that when
he died he left in Manchester and the vicinity 40,000.
He had the distinction of being the first student from
Sedgley Park who was ordained priest.
Geo. Leo. Hay dock MS. in possession of the Author ; Brief
Memoirs of Rev. R. BroomJiead ; Folcy, Records S.J., Roman
Diary.
1. Brief Memoirs of the Rev. Rowland Broomhead, of Man
chester ; with an account of his funeral and a funeral elegy.
Manchester (1820), i6mo.
2. A Panegyric on the late Rev. Rowland Broomhead, forty-
two years a Catholic Priest at Manchester. By Michael Gafifey.
Manchester, 1822. Sm. 8vo., title i leaf, preface i leaf, Panegyric, pp. 5 1038.
3. A Discourse delivered at St. Augustine's Chapel, Manchester,
at the funeral of the Rev. Rowland Broomhead. By the Rev.
Joseph Curr. Manchester, 1820. 8vo.; ditto, 2nd edit.
4. Portrait, engr. by Edw. Scriven, engraver to His Majesty, from a
painting by J. Allen, embellished with a view of St. Augustine's Chapel and
inscription, pub. by Zanetti & Agnew, Manchester, 1820, large 410.
5. Portrait, from a drawing made expressly for the purpose, pub. by
J. A. Robinson, Manchester, 1820, large 4to.
Broughton, Richard, divine and historian, was a native
of Great Stukeley, in Huntingdonshire, and belonged to a good
family who claimed descent from the Broughtons, of Broughton
Tower, in North Lancashire. He was sent at an early age to
the English College at Rheims, where he passed with great
success through all the classes, became a proficient scholar
in Greek and Hebrew, and more especially applied himself to
the study of British antiquities. He was ordained priest, May 4 >
1593, and afterwards, when sent on the mission, divided his
time between his pastoral duties and his favourite study of
British antiquities, for which purpose he sometimes resided in
Oxford, where he was entered a sojourner, June 19, 1626. He
was held in great esteem by his brethren, and was appointed
assistant to the Archpriest, a Canon of the Chapter, and Vicar-
General to Dr. Smith, Bishop of Chalcedon. He died Feb. 15,
1634-5, having laboured on the mission forty-two years, and
was buried near his father and mother in the church at
Great Stukeley.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
i . An Apologicall Epistle : directed to the right honorable
Ladies and others of her Majesties privie Counsell. Serving as
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. $19
well for a Preface to a Booke entituled, A Resolution of Reli
gion : as also, containing the Author's most lawfull Defence to
all Estates for publishing the same. Signed R. B., Antwerp,
A. Coninx. 1601. 8vo.
2. The first Part of the Resolution of Religion, divided into
two Bookes, conteyning a demonstration of the necessitie of a
divine and supernaturall worshippe, c. By R. B., Antwerpe,
Richard Verstegan. 1603. No more appears to have been published. Often
confused with Fr. Persons' Book of Resolution.
3. A New Manual of old Christian Catholick Meditations
and Praiers faithfully collected and translated, without any
word altered or added: except in tytles of chapters, citations
of places, and some few marginal annotations, for the most part
taken forth of holy Scriptures, or the holy Fathers within the
first 400 yeares of Christ. 1617. i8mo. Title i leaf; address, in which
he refers to his late book dedicated to " our present Oueene and her ladies,"
signed R. B. Meditation and praier, pp. 11-256.
4. A Manual of Praiers used by the Fathers of Primitive
Church, for the most part within the foure first hundred yeares
of Christ and al before the end of the sixt hundred yeare:
divided into several chapters. By R. B. P. 1618. i8mo. Title
I leaf; Preface "To our Most Renowned Queene Anne : and al her Right
Honorable, and o r Ladies," pp. 3-8, signed R. B. P. ; contents, pp. 9-10,
Practise and Praiers of the Primitive Church, pp. 13-118.
5. The Judgment of the Apostles and of those of the First
Age, in all points of Doctrine, questioned betweene the Catho-
lickes and Protestants of England, as they are set down in the
39 Articles of their Religion, by an Old Student in Divinitie.
Doway, 1632. 8vo.
Ded. to (Henrietta) Marie, Queen of Great Britain. Written against the
work of Thomas Rogers, Rector of Horniger, on the 39 Articles.
6. Ecclesiastical Historie of Great Britaine, &c., whereby is
manifestly declared a continuall succession of the true Catho-
like Religion, which at this day is professed and taught in and
by i the Roman Church : the first Tome, containing the Fower
Hundred first Years. Doway, 1633. Fol.
7. A True Memorial of the antient, most holy and Religious
State of Great Britain, flourishing with Apostles, Apostolical
Men, Monasteries, Religious Rules and Orders in great Number,
in the time of the Britons and Primitive Church of the Saxons.
No Rule, nor Order from Egypt, or of S. Benedict, nor of
S. Equitius being to be found in her Precincts in those times.
Collected by the learned Antiquary and old student in divine
learning, Richard Broughton, Priest. Lond. 1650. 8vo. Published
by G. S., P(riest), after the author's decease.
This work was probably written many years before the author's death,
and perhaps was the incentive of Fr. Baker's researches to prove the anti
quity of the Benedictine Order in Great Britain, embodied in the " Apostolatus
Benedictinorum in Anglia," edited by Fr. Clement Reyner in 1626.
32O BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
8. Monastichon Britannicum ; or, a historicall Narration of the
first Pounding and nourishing State of the ancient Monasteries,
religious Rules, and Orders of Great Brittaine in the Tymes of the
Brittaines and Primitive Church of the Saxons. Lond. 1655. 8vo.
This work was printed from the MSS. left by the author, and no doubt,
as Bishop Nicholson remarks (" Eng. Hist. Lib."), it is in a less perfect
state than the author intended.
9. Antiquity of the Word Sterlingorum, or Stirling. MS.
referred to in Hearne's Collections, vol. ii. pp. 318 and 381.
10. Relation by Richard Broughton of a book written in
English by John King, late Protestant Bishop of London, as to
his conversion to the Catholic faith, 30 Jan. 1623. 3 pp. MS.
Fifth Report Hist. MSS. Com. 1876, Old Chapter Archives.
11. Relation of the Martyrdom of Nicholas Garlick, priest,
executed at Derby, July 24, 1588. MS. referred to by Dr. Challoner.
Brown, George Gregory, O.S.B., was born in Essex,
and was educated at the English College, Douay. He joined
the Benedictines at the Abbey of St. Sinbert, in Spain, where
he was professed, and from thence proceeded to St. Lawrence's
Monastery, at Dieulward, in 1609. ^ n the same year he was
sent to the English mission, but falling under the supervision of
the Government, escaped to the Continent, and for some time
was at St. Gregory's, Douay, but died at Chelles, near Paris,
Oct. 21, 1618.
Snow, Necrology, O.S.B. ; Oliver, Collections ; State Papers.
i. The Life of the Holy and Venerable Mother Suor Maria
Maddelena de Patsi, a Florentine Lady and Religious of the
Order of the Carmelites, written in Italian by the Rev. Priest Sig.
Vincentio Puccini, who was sometymes her ghostly Father, now
translated into English. Bruxelle, 1619, sm. Svo., ded. to the Lady
Mary Percy, Abbesse of St. Bennet, Brussels.
Brown, George Hilary, D.D., Bishop of Liverpool, the
son of William Brown, of Clifton, by Helen, daughter of
Richard Gradwell, of Clifton, co. Lancaster, was born in
1786.
He was sent to the College at Crook Hall, previous to its
removal to Ushaw where he was ordained priest in 1810, and
remained as a professor at Ushaw until 1819, when he suc
ceeded Dr. Rigby to the mission at Lancaster, and continued
in that charge until he was nominated to the newly created
Lancashire Vicariate in 1840.
He was consecrated Bishop of Bugia in partibus by Bishop
Briggs, at Liverpool, Aug. 24, 1840. Two years later he was
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 321
translated from Bugia to Tloa in partibus, and in 1843 was
appointed Assistant at the Pontifical Throne. At the restoration
of the hierarchy, in 1 8 5 o, he was translated to the newly
created See of Liverpool. His health failing, Dr. Goss was
appointed to be his coadjutor with succession, and on Jan. 25,
1856, Bishop Brown died at Liverpool, and was buried in the
cemetery attached to St. Oswald's Church, Old Swan, near
Liverpool, where a handsome monument was erected to his
memory.
Maziere Brady, Epis. Succession.
1. A Supplement to the Diurnal adapted to the English
Mission. 1833.
2. Pastorals.
3. Portrait, half length, litho.
Brown, James, priest, died a prisoner for the faith,
under condemnation of death, in Newgate, between 1640 and
1651.
Morris, Troubles, First Series.
Brown, James, D.D., Bishop of Shrewsbury, was born at
Wolverhampton, Jan. 1 1, 1812. When nine years old, he was
sent to Sedgley Park School, from whence he was removed to
St. Mary's College, Oscott, in 1826. He was ordained priest
in 1837, and remained at Oscott, as Professor and Prefect of
Studies, until 1 844, when he returned to Sedgley Park as Vice-
President, and, in 1 844, was appointed President of that school.
On July 27, 1851, he was consecrated for the newly created
See of Shrewsbury, which he held until his death, Oct. 14, 1 88 1 .
Shortly before this, in July, 1879, Dr. Knight was ap
pointed his auxiliary, and succeeded to the See, April 25, 1882.
Maziere Brady, Epis. Succession.
1. Pastorals.
2. A Pastoral Letter of the Right Rev. James Brown, D.D.,
Bishop of Shrewsbury, Dec. 8, 1855. Birmingham, 1855. i2mo.,
pp. 12.
3. A Sermon [on Ps. Ixxxviii. 16] preached on the occasion of
the Silver Jubilee (i.e., the twenty-fifth year of the Episcopacy)
of the Bishop of Shrewsbury. By the Rev. Pr. John Morris, S. J.
Lond. (Roehampton printed), 1876. 8vo.
Brown, John, of Little Britain, London, bookseller, &c., is
named in Gee's "Foot out of the Snare," in 1624. In 1598
VOL. i. Y
322 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
he is referred to, with Henry Kirkham and others, as carrying
on the art of printing, or employing others to work for them.
Gee; Timperley, Typo. Diet.
Brown, Levinius, Father S.J., son of Richard Brown,
of Norfolk, was born Sept. 19, 1671. He was ordained
priest at the English College, Rome, and afterwards joined the
Jesuits, in 1698. From 1723 to 1731 he was Rector of the
English College, Rome, and was then appointed Rector at
Watten. In 1733 he was declared Provincial, and in 1737
became Rector of Liege. He was a friend of Pope, and
it was probably during his residence as missioner at Lady-
holt, in Sussex, the seat of the Carylls, that he induced
the great poet to compose his beautiful and well-known
version of St. Francis Xavier's hymn, " O Deus, ego amo
Te," &c. His last years were spent in St. Omer's
College, and when his brethren were expelled from their
ancient seminary by a tyrannical Government, Oct. 19, 1762,
being too old and feeble to bear removal, he was allowed to
remain in the college until his death, Nov. 7, 1764, in the
94th year of his age.
Oliver, Collectanea S.J. ; Foley, Records S.J., Collectanea.
1. Bossuet's History of the Variations of the Protestant
Churches. Antwerp, 1742, 8vo. 2 vols. Translated from the French. It
was reprinted, Dublin, 1829, 2 vols. 8vo., and elicited several attempts at
refutation. Charles Butler notices it in his " Book of the Roman Catholic
Church."
2. The manner of performing the Novena, and the Devotion
of Ten Fridays, in honour of St. Francis Xavier. 1741. i2mo.,
pp. 117.
3. The Protestants' Trial by the Written Word. Brussels, 1745.
8vo., pp. 220. Reprinted in 1775, 1801, and 1843.
Brown, Sir Peter, of Kidlington, in Oxfordshire, being
mortally wounded at Naseby Fight, in defence of the Royal
cause during the Civil War, was conveyed to Northampton, where
he died.
Castlemain, Cath. Apology.
Brown, Richard, bookseller, printer, and publisher, for
long held the position of the principal Catholic publisher in
London. He was the eldest son of William Brown, of Clifton,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 323
in the Fylde, Lancashire, by Helen, daughter of Mr. Richard
Gradwell, of the same place.
William Brown's elder brother, Thomas, married, in 1768,
Dorothy, another daughter of Mr. Gradwell, and they were aunts
to Dr. Robert Gradwell, Coadjutor Bishop to Dr. Bramston,
of the London Vicariate.
Both the Browns and Gradwells were staunch Catholic fami
lies, and had suffered heavily for their recusancy in the days of
persecution.
At an early age Richard Brown was placed in the business
of James Peter Coghlan, the eminent Catholic publisher of
London, who had married Richard's aunt, Elizabeth, the sister
of William Brown, of Clifton. On the death of Mr. Coghlan,
Feb. 20, 1800, his family having all taken to the Church,
his nephew took up the business with Patrick Keating
and his son George, under the style of Keating, Brown &
Keating.
After the elder Keating's death, about 1820, the firm was
known as Keating & Brown.
They styled themselves printers to the R. R. the Vicars-
Apostolic, and commencing with considerable vigour, not
only continued " The Laity's Directory," which Coghlan had
published for so many years, but brought out a periodical,
entitled the Catholic Magazine, which, however, was edited and
printed in Liverpool, and only lasted from Jan. to July, 1801.
Some years later, in 1813, they proposed to publish a weekly
magazine called the Conciliator, but for some reason or other
it did not appear, and after two years they issued the atholicon t
edited by Mr. George Keating. Subsequently they were con
nected with other periodical publications, none of which were
very successful, the Catholic body being far too small and poor
to support the expense entailed by the difficulties of circulating
a periodical before the introduction of railways.
Their establishment was in Duke Street, Grosvenor Square,
and here for many years the principal Catholic works were
published.
Mr. Brown died Feb. 25, 1837, aged 60 ; his younger
brother, the R. R. George Brown, D.D., was the first Bishop
of Liverpool, and died in 1856, aged 69; and his only son,
the Very Rev. Richard Dean Brown, died at Lancaster in
1868.
Y 2
324 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
His widow, Jane, daughter of John Hemsworth, Esq., of
Strokestown, co. Roscommon, continued the business in part
nership with George Keating ; but Mr. James Smith, a convert,
taking advantage of Mr. Brown's death as a suitable oppor
tunity for improving on " The Laity's Directory," brought out
"The Catholic Directory," in 1838, which was such a decided
advance on the old publication that the latter only survived
two years, and the firm from this time went rapidly down.
In 1840 Mrs. Brown and George Keating dissolved partner
ship, the former removing what was left of the business to
10 Duke Street, Manchester Square. Here it languished for a
short time, and then Mrs. Brown retired into privacy, and died
March 23, 1860, aged 73.
Laity 's Directories ; Cath. Directory, 1841; Gillow, Lanca
shire Recusants, MS.
1. The Laity's Directory; in the Church Service on Sundays
and Holy-Days. By Permission. Lond., Keating, Brown &
Keating, Printers to the R. R. the Vicars-Apostolic, 37 Duke
Street, Grosvenor Square. 1801, sm. 8vo.
"The Laity's Directory" was commenced by James Marmaduke in 1768,
but five years later J. P. Coghlan brought out a similar work under the same
title. Marmaduke was naturally incensed at this, and afterwards termed his
the "Original Laity's Directory," which he published until his death in 1788.
Coghlan had now the field to himself, and held it until his death in 1800.
Keating & Co. improved on the old Directory, and embellished it with a
portrait and memoir, which was continued to the last issue, 1839, in which
were two portraits.
2. The Catholic Magazine and Reflector, Jan. to July, 1801, vol. i.
Printed for Keating, Brown &; Keating, Lond., by T. Schofield, Liverpool,
sm. 8vo. This was edited by a clergyman near Liverpool, and only the first
seven numbers were published.
3. The Catholicon; or, the Christian Philosopher: a Roman
Catholic Magazine. Lond. K. B. & K., monthly, commencing July, 1815.
The first five numbers were brought out under the title of
4. The Publicist; or, the Christian Philosopher: a Roman
Catholic Magazine. Lond. K. B. & K., monthly, 8vo., commencing July,
1815, the title of which was changed as follows :
5. The Catholicon; or, the Christian Philosopher: a Roman
Catholic Magazine. Lond. K. B. & K., monthly, 8vo., Jan. 1816 to
March 1818, five vols. Second Series, April to Dec. 1818.
6. The Catholic Spectator, Selector, and Monitor, or Catholicon.
Third Series. Lond. K. & B., 38 Duke St., Grosvenor Square, and of Ivy
Lane, Paternoster Row, 8vo., monthly, price is., Jan. 1823 to Dec. 1826,
four vols.
All the foregoing were edited by Mr. George Keating.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 325
7. The Catholic Journal. Lond. K. & B., Svo., price 7^., weekly,
March i, 1828, to March 1829. Edited by Mr. Ouin, who afterwards joined
the Morning Chronicle.
8. The Penny Catholic Magazine. Lond. K. & B., 8vo., price \d.,
weekly, commenced Sept. 7, 1839, and was completed in two and a half vols.
in 1840. Edited by Mr. M. P. Haynes.
Brown, Thomas Joseph, O.S.B., D.D., Bishop of
Newport and Menevia, was born of Catholic parents at Bath,
May 2, 1798. He received his primary education at a Pro
testant school until he was ten years old, when he was sent to
the temporary College at Acton Burnell, established by the
English Benedictines who had escaped from Douay during
the French Revolution. Here he entered the novitiate,
April 17, 1813, and removed with the College to Downside,
where he was professed, Oct. 28, 1814. He was ordained
priest in London, March 12, 1823. From 1822 to 1840 he
was Professor of Theology at Downside, of which he was Prior
from 1834 to 1840, and, in the latter year, was appointed
Bishop of Apollonia, and V.A. of the Welsh district created
in that year.
On the re-establishment of the hierarchy, in 185 o, he was
translated to the united Sees of Newport and Menevia.
In 1858 Bishop Brown obtained the establishment of a
Monastic Chapter, at the Pro-Cathedral Monastery of St.
Michael and all the Holy Angels, at Clehonger, Hereford.
He died at Bullingham, April 12, 1880.
Maziere Brady, Epis. Succession ; Oliver, Collections.
1. Various pamphlets in defence of Catholic doctrines.
2. A Letter to the Very Rev. Archdeacon Daubury, LL.D.,
Prebendary of Sarum, exposing the Misrepresentations, &c., of
his third chapter of Transubstantiation contained in the " Pro
testant Companion." Lond. 1826, Svo., pp. 45, dated Downside College,
.Sept. 30, 1826.
3. Monita Confessariorum, originally written by Blessed Leonard of
the Order of St. Francis. Reprinted 1831.
4. Catholic Truth Vindicated against the Misconceptions and
Calumnies of " Popery Unmasked." No. 1, containing a corre
spondence between Mr. Brown and Mr. Newnham, and Messrs.
Batchellor and Newnham. Lond. 6 Nos. (1834), 8vo.
This elicited " Catholic Truth not assailed ; an Examination of the Rev.
J. T. Brown's Catholic Truth Vindicated," by J. R. Page, 1834, I2mo. ; and
a correspondence ensued, Mr. Page publishing the following tracts " Popery
and Sophistry exposed. A Letter (in reply to one by T. J. B.)," &c. (1834),
I2mo. ; "A Reply to T. J. B.'s Letter to the Editor of the Bath Journal on
326 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
' Catholic Truth not assailed,' " 1834, I2mo. ; " A Second Reply to T. J. B.'s
Letter to the Editor of the Bath Journal," &c., 1834, I2mo., &c.
5. He was requested by his Religious Superior to take part in a public
discussion against delegates of the Reformation Society, at Cheltenham, in
1830, and afterwards in Birmingham, Bath, and at Downside College.
"The Downside Discussion" was published from the pages of shorthand
writers engaged by both sides, under the title, " Substance of the Arguments
adopted by the Roman Catholic advocates in the recent discussion at Chel
tenham on the Rule of Faith, collected from notes taken during the dis
cussion." Cheltenham, 1830. 8vo. ; Lond. 1830. Svo. By Rev. T. J. Brown,
S.T.B.
" Letters to the Rev. T. J. B., in reply to his pamphlet professing to
contain an attested statement of the Cheltenham Discussion." 1830. Svo.
" The Authenticated Report of the Discussion near Bath, February and
March, 1834. Subjects : The Rule of Faith, and the Sacrifice of the Mass,
R.C. speakers, Rev. T. J. B.," &c. 1836. Svo.
" Supplement to the Downside Discussion." Lond. Bath (pr.) 1836. Svo.
6. Exposure of the ingenious Devises of Mr. M'Ghee. 1838.
7. A series of controversial letters between Dr. Brown and the Rev.
Joseph Baylee, Principal of St. Aidan's College, Birkenhead.
Mr. Baylee published this correspondence, Lond. 1851, iSmo., and Dr.
Brown published it under the following title Is the Church of Rome
infallible ? Does the Scripture alone contain all required doc
trines of belief? A controversy on the Infallibility of the
Church of Rome and the Doctrine of Article VI. of the Church
of England. Lond. Derby (pr.) 1852. i2mo.
A Letter, &c. In reference to Dr. B.'s controversy with Mr. Baylee,
by R. W. B. Fielding, 8th Earl of Denbigh. Lond. 1851. Svo.
S. Pastoral Charges upon the Lenten Fasts and other occurrences, pub
lished annually from 1840, with the exception of a few years, to iSSo.
9. A Sermon on [Cor. xv. 54-5] &c., at the Funeral of the R. R.
T. J. Brown, D.D., Bishop of Newport and Menevia, by the R. R.
J. E. C. Hedley, Bishop of Csesaropolis. iSSo. Svo.
10. Portrait, R. R. Thomas Joseph Brown, D.D., O.S.B., Bishop
of Newport and Menevia. 4to., July, 1880, an etching, also published
in the Downside Review.
Brown, "William, martyr, a zealous Catholic layman, a
native of Northamptonshire, was accused of exhorting his
neighbours to embrace the Catholic faith, upon which charge
he was arraigned and condemned to suffer as in cases of high
treason. He was executed at Ripon, Sept. 5, 1605.
Challoncr, Memoirs.
Browne. Ann Ludovica, Poor Clare, Abbess, was the
daughter of John Browne, second son of Sir Anthony Browne,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 327
of Cowdray, Sussex, Knt., and younger brother of Anthony
Maria Browne, second Viscount Montague.
She joined the Poor Clares at Gravelines, where she was
professed in 1620, and three years later was sent with three
other nuns, Mary Clerk, Anne Anderton, and Frances Rook-
wood, to solicit assistance when their convent was brought into
great difficulties by fire and other misfortunes. They set up a
school at Dunkirk, and afterwards, in 1654, with the appro
bation of the Bishop and Governor, converted their school into
a convent, when by due authority Sister Browne was elected
the first abbess. Two years later Dunkirk was taken by the
English, and the nuns were obliged to retire to Ghent. They
were encouraged, however, to return in the same year, and
proceeded to erect a new convent on the site where they
had before resided. The Lady Abbess Browne died in 1665,
aged 63.
The convent continued until it was involved in the miseries
of the French Revolution, when the nuns were imprisoned, with
others, in their own convent, in Oct. 1793, and subsequently
they were transferred, in the same month, to the convent of
their mother-house at Gravelines. When at last they obtained
their liberty, and returned to their native country, they were pro
vided with a house at Church Hill, near Worcester, by the
liberality of the Berkeley family of Spetchley Park. There they
continued about twenty years, and gradually became extinct.
Petre, Notice of Eng. Colleges and Convents Abroad ; Dodd,
Ch. Hist.
Browne, Anthony, Viscount Montague, or Montacute,
K.G., was the son of Sir Anthony Brown, who died 3 Edward
VI., one of the executors of Henry VIII., to whom he was
Master of the Horse.
In the extraordinary and sudden changes of religion and
position, one of his sisters became the wife of Lord John Grey,
a Puritan, and the other was the Countess of Kildare, a pious
lady whom the people of Dublin much esteemed. In the first
year of the reign of Queen Mary he was created Viscount
Montague in right of descent through the female line from the
ancient house of Neville, and filled several important positions
during her reign, especially when he and the Bishop of Ely
were commissioned by the Queen and Parliament to tender their
328 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
submission and sue for reconciliation with the Pope at
Rome.
His abilities in the field were equal to those in the Cabinet,
and at the battle of St. Quintin's, when he commanded a
division of the English army, he greatly distinguished himself
by his bravery. He was a zealous maintainer of the old
religion, and inherited the principles and the fearlessness of the
Countess of Salisbury. Upon the accession of Elizabeth to the
throne, none of the temporal lords spoke with more freedom
than Lord Montague in opposition to the Reformation, and yet
he behaved himself so prudently afterwards, that he never
appears to have lost the Queen's favour, for she employed him
on many occasions, both civil and military. So she did several
other Catholics, until otherwise influenced by politicians about
her under pretence that they were in the interest of Spain, though
it is well known that Catholics as a body have always been the
most loyal.
Lord Montague was certainly the most favoured Catholic
with the Protestant party in the reign of Elizabeth. She
despatched him to Spain, upon her accession to the throne, as
her special ambassador, an action which drew forth a most
pleasing and kind letter from Philip to his " dearly beloved
sister." This loving epistle to " Golden Eliza " is still extant.
He died Oct. 19, 1592. His first wife was Anne, daughter
of Robert Ratclifif, by whom he had a son, Sir Anthony
Browne, Knt, who died before his father, July 31, 1592,
leaving a son, Anthony Maria Browne, who succeeded his
grandfather as second Viscount Montague.
His second wife, Magdalene, daughter of William, Lord
Dacre of Gillesland, of Naworth Castle, Cumberland, where she
was born in 1538, survived her husband and died Jan. 21,
1608. Her beautiful and exemplary life was written in Latin
by Richard Smith, Bishop of Chalcedon, and contains matter
of much historical interest.
Her house was called " Little Rome," for it was the resort of
priests during the whole of Queen Elizabeth's reign, the peers'
houses being still privileged. The account given of the domestic
arrangements and the religious life in this house is most curious
and almost unique.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Burke, Hist. Portraits of the Tudor
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 329
Dynasty; Smith, Life of Lady Montacute ; Jessopp, One Gene
ration of a Norfolk House.
1. The Speeches and honorable Entertainment given to the
Queene's Majestie in progresse at Cowdrey in Sussex, by the
Right Hon. the Lord Montacute. Lond. 1591. 410.
2. Vita Illustrissimse, Ac Piisimse Dominse Magdalense
Montis- Acuti in Anglia Vice-comitissse : Scripta per Richardum
Smitheum Lincolniensem, Sacrse Theologise Doctorem, qui illi
erat a sacris Confessionibus. Ad Edwardum Farnesium S.R.E.
Card. Iliustrissimum, et Anglise Protectorem. Romse, Apud
Jacobum Mascardum, 1609, Superiorum permissu. Sm. 410.,
pp. 83, inclusive of title. Dr. Jessopp refers to another edition, sine loco aut
anno, i6mo.
The translation, which is rarely met with, is entitled " The Life of the
most Honourable and Vertuous Lady, the Lady Magdalen Viscountesse
Montague, written in Latin and published soon after her death by Richard
Smith, Doctour of Divinity, and her Confessour. And now translated into
English by C. F., Permissu Superiorum." 1627. 4to. It is dedicated to the
R. Hon. Anthony Maria, Viscount Montague, by C. F.
Browne, Richard, brother to Sir George Browne, was a
lieutenant-colonel in the Royal army, and lost his life during
the Civil War.
Castlcmain, Cath. Apology.
Browne, William, S.J., was third son of Sir Anthony
Browne, by Maria, daughter of William Dormer, of Ethrop,
Bucks, and grandson of Sir Anthony Browne, first Viscount
Montague. His brother, Anthony Maria Browne, succeeded
his grandfather as second Viscount Montague. He was born
in Bucks in 1578-9, and entered the Society of Jesus in 1614.
So profound was his humility that, although a man of consi
derable talent, in addition to his high position in life and
education, he chose the lower degree of Temporal Coadjutor.
He rendered much valuable assistance in the purchase of the
College at Liege in 1614, and died there of the plague,
Aug. 14, 1637, aged 59, taken, it is believed, in attending the
sick of the pestilence. His life is given in " Records S-J./'
vol. ii. p. 428.
i. An ascetical work upon Thomas a Kempis' " Imitation of Christ,"
i6mo., pp. 760, divided into 34 chapters. MS. " Stonyhurst Library."
Brunetti, Joseph, Father S.J., born in London, July 25,
1671, was sent to St. Omer's College, and entered the Society
33 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
at Watten, in 1689. In 1698-9 he was a missioner in Worces
tershire, and from items in old account-books he appears to
have taught a small school opened by the Fathers in their
farm-house of Eveslench, about seven miles from Worcester.
He afterwards removed to the Hampshire district, and died
at Rotterdam, Jan. 17, 1715, aged 44. Nothing further is
known of this school.
Foley, Records S.J., Collectanea.
Bruning, Anthony, Father S.J., was the eldest son of
George Bruning, Esq., of East Meon and Froxfield, in Hants,
by his first wife, Mary, daughter of Christopher Bryon, of
Sussex. He was born Dec. 7, 1716, and entered the Society
of Jesus in 1733. After teaching philosophy he was sent upon
the English mission, and, in 1 746, was a missioner in London.
Subsequently he became Professor of Theology at Liege, and
died there Aug. 8, 1776, aged 60.
Foley, Records S.J., Collectanea.
1. De Gratia. MS., a treatise.
2. De Deo. MS.
3. De Trinitate. MS.
Bruning, George, Father S.J., was the youngest son of
George Bruning, Esq., of East Meon and Froxfield, co. Hants,
by his second wife, Anne, daughter of Thomas May, of Rams-
dale, Hants. He was born Sept. 19, 1738, and entered the
Society in 1756. He served the mission of Southend, Hants,
for some years, and resided afterwards for a time at East Hen-
dred, Berks, with his brother-in-law, Thomas John Eyston, Esq.,
who, in 1743, married his half-sister, Mary. Fr. Bruning died
at Isleworth, June 3, 1802, aged 64.
Foley, Records S.J., Collectanea.
1. The Divine Economy of Christ in his Kingdom or Church,
as practised, taught and ordained by Himself to continue
according to Scripture alone. Lond. 1791. 8vo.
2. Remarks on the Rev. Joseph Berington's Examination of
Events termed Miraculous in Italy. Lond. 1796. 8vo.
Brushford, John, priest, confessor of the faith, was born
in the diocese of Exeter, in 1559, and was one of the first
alumni of the English College, Rome, 1578-9, where he was
ordained priest, and sent to England in May, 1585* Some
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 331
time afterwards he returned to the Continent, and was at Paris
and Douay in 1590.
After a severe illness he was advised, in 1592, to return to
England for change of air and mode of life.
He was seized on his landing at the port and thrust into
prison, from whence he was removed to Wisbeach Castle,
where he soon after died, in the year 1593, at the early age
of 34.
Foley, Records S.J., vol. iii., and Roman Diary; Douay
Diaries.
Buckenham, Robert, O.S.D., was Prior of the house
belonging to his Order at Cambridge, and was created B.D.
in 1524, and D.D. in 1531. He was one of the leading
opponents of Hugh Latimer in this University, and after the
dissolution of monasteries resided for a short time at Edin
burgh, from whence he proceeded to Louvain, and it is said
was one of the parties concerned in the seizure of William
Tyndal at Antwerp. He was living in 1536.
Cooper, Ath. Cantab.
i. De reconciliatione locorum S. Scripturse. MS. in the
English College, Rome.
Buckenham, William, D.D., of Gonville Hall, in the
University of Cambridge, was made B.D. in 1502, and occurs
as an arbitrator between the University and the Priory of
Barnwell in 1506. He commenced D.D. in 1507, and was
Vice-Chancellor of the University in 1509, and again in 1510.
He was instituted to the vicarage of the Holy Sepulchre, Cam
bridge, Oct. 1 6, 1512, and in the same year was presented to
the rectory of St. Michael Coslany, Norwich. He resigned
his mastership in 1536, and died at Norwich, June 18, 1540,
being in his 8 1st year. He adorned the church of St. Michael
Coslany, and rebuilt the parsonage-house. Part of the build
ings at Gonville Hall were erected by his brother Nicholas,
who gave the college lands in Haddenham.
Cooper, Ath. Cantab.
I. A collection of documents relative to the University of Cambridge,
known as the Old Black Book, compiled during his Vice-Chancellorship.
Buckland, Edmund Thomas, D.D.,O.S.B., vide Edmund
Thomas Hill.
332 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Buckland, Ralph, priest, was born, about 1564, at West
Harptre, the ancient seat of his family in Somersetshire. He
was sent to Oxford about the age of fifteen, and was admitted
commoner in Magdalen College in 1579, where he acquired
considerable academic learning, and afterwards spent some
years in one of the Inns of Court. Besides the law, his
favourite pursuit was reading books of controversy, which filled
him with scruples regarding the truth of the Established
Church, and at length ended in his conversion to the Catholic
faith.
He was heir to a large estate, which he generously forewent
with the intention of taking Orders abroad. Accordingly, he
proceeded to the English College, Douay, where, under the
date Sept. 23, 1583, he is recorded in the Diary as having
received the tonsure, and subsequently the four minor Orders.
On Feb. 22, 1585-6, he set out for the English College,
Rome, where he completed his studies, and was ordained priest.
He returned to the English College, then removed from Douay
to Rheims, in 1588, and on Sept. 26, in that year, left for the
English mission.
Here his zeal for the salvation of souls obtained for him the
honour, like St. Paul, of being the " Vinctus Christi Jesu." He
was one of the forty-seven priests sent from different gaols, in
1606, into banishment, but he appears to have risked a return
to England, where he laboured as a missioner until his death
in 161 1.
It is noted in the Douay Diaries that he was the donor of
a silver reliquary containing a piece of St. Thomas of Canter
bury's hair shirt, with attestations of its authenticity, approved
by the Bishop of Arras in 1623, which was preserved at the
college in Dodd's time.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Douay Diaries ; Foley, Records S.J., Roman
Diary.
1. The Lives of the Saints, translated from Surius. Several vols.
2. A Persuasive against Frequenting Protestant Churches.
3. Seaven Sparkes of the Enkindled Soule, with Foure
Lamentations, which, composed in the hard times of Q.Elizabeth,
may be used at all times, when this Church hapneth to be ex-
treamly persecuted. Printed with license. [Rome, 1603.] 121110.
By R. B. P.
Ded. to his mother, B. B. It is a collection of ejaculations, drawn out
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 333
of the Holy Scriptures after the form of psalms, full of most fervent devotion
for the reconciliation of England and Scotland to the Church of Rome.
This is the work cited by Dr. Usher, the learned Irish Archbishop, in a
sermon preached at Oxford, Nov. 5, 1640, by which he endeavoured to per
suade his audience that the Gunpowder Plot was a conspiracy of the whole
Catholic body, by telling them that public prayers were ordered in the
Catholic chapels for the success of the attempt, and in support of his con
tention he quoted the following passage from Mr. Buckland's work "but
the memory of novelties shall perish with a crash, as a ruinous house falling
to the ground," which, he pretended to interpret, applied to the blowing up of
the Houses of Parliament.
4. An Embassage from Heaven. Svo. A copy is in the Bodleian
Library.
5. De Persecutione Vandalica ; a translation from the Latin of
Victor, Bishop of Biserte, or Utica.
Buckley, or Bulkeley, Arthur, Bishop of Bangor,
belonged to an ancient family in the Isle of Anglesey, and was
educated at Oxford, where he was created doctor of canon
law. He was consecrated Bishop of Bangor in 1541, and ap
pears to have gone all the lengths of the reigns of Henry VIII.
and Edward VI., but returned to the faith of his ancestors
under Queen Mary.
Godwin (" De Praesul. Angl.") relates a very remarkable story
concerning this bishop. Living in the times of plunder and
sacrilege, when the Church was freely despoiled of both goods
and lands, he sold five curious bells, which belonged to his
cathedral, and going to the sea-shore to see them shipped off,
he was suddenly struck blind, and so remained until his death
in 1555.
Maziere Brady gives the date of his death two years earlier.
His consecration was of course not recognised at Rome.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Brady, Episc. Succession, vol. i. p. 83.
Buckley, John, martyr ; vide Godfrey Jones.
Buckley, Robert Sigebert, O.S.B., is so intimately
connected with the continuity of the Benedictine Order in
England that his name will ever be venerated as the connecting
link between the old and new Congregations. Born in 151 7, he
entered the Benedictine Order, and was professed under Abbot
Feckenham at Westminster Abbey in Queen Mary's time, but
when her too brief reign came to a close, Elizabeth dispersed
the community at Westminster, and during her long sway,
334 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
persecution and banishment were added to the loss of the
colleges and the monasteries, and the total extinction of the
old Benedictine Order was imminent. Under these circum
stances a noble effort was made by a band of heroic volunteers,
inspired with a desire for the Benedictine habit, in the hope
that they might be allowed to return to England to resuscitate
the glory of the old Benedictine name. Their attention was
directed to the monasteries of Italy and Spain, and the strength
of the feeling may be estimated from the fact that no less than
fifty-two applied for admission. In 1601 application was
made to the Holy See to permit the English who had been
professed in the Cassinese Congregation, to return to their
native country and recommence the work of St. Augustine and
St. Paulinus ; and, in 1602, Clement VIIL, like St. Gregory the
Great, sent these monks with his approval and blessing to
work for the conversior of England, and soon after a similar
brief was issued to those in the Spanish Congregation. The
missioners entered the proscribed land, and were placed under
the jurisdiction of two superiors who acted as the Vicars of the
Cassinese and Spanish Generals.
In 1603, at Cisson, near Wendham, in Norfolk, at the house
of Mr. Francis Wodehouse, lived Fr. Sigebert Buckley, the
venerable patriarch of upwards of 85 years of age, who had
been professed under Abbot Feckenham at Westminster. He
was the last of his race, the sole survivor of the old Benedictines.
Forty-four years of his long life had been spent within prison
walls for refusing the oath of supremacy : his frame was bent,
his step feeble, his eye dimmed, his mind unclouded, and like
Simeon of old his days had been prolonged, that he might see
the fulfilment of his long hope and prayer for the restoration
of the Order in England. In the midst of his solitude and
rest, there came to him one day two young and earnest priests,
Fr. Anselm Beech and Fr. Thomas Preston, who told him that
they were Englishmen and Benedictines, and had arrived from
Italy with a mission from the Pope to re-establish the Order in
England. The meeting was a touching one : on the one hand,
the speechless delight and gratification of the venerable monk
at this answer to his life-long prayer, his long-deferred hope,
his waiting for the dawn of a new day, the opening of a new
spring ; and, on the other, the elation and enthusiasm of the
young men who, at the very threshold of their career, were
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 335
guided by Providence to the feet of the last survivor of a glorious
past.
The intercourse was long : the old man's words of welcome
and thankfulness mingled with the expressions of attachment
and veneration of the young missioners : the records of the past
were recalled, the hopes of the future discussed, and they
united in the strong determination that, if possible, the old
English Congregation and traditions should be perpetuated by
the means of the venerable Fr. Sigebert.
The proposal was communicated to the superiors in Italy,
and it was arranged that the next postulants should be clothed
and professed in England by Fr. Buckley, that the connection
with the old Congregation might be unbroken. Unfortunately,
at this juncture the fire of bigotry was rekindled by the
Gunpowder Plot, and one of the victims was Fr. Sigebert
Buckley, who in spite of his great age and infirmity again
found himself in the cell of a prison.
The incarceration of the venerable patriarch threatened to
overthrow the arrangement, but. the importance of the con
nection and the zeal of the new missioners overcame every
obstacle.
Fr. Robert Sadler and Fr. Edward Maihew, two secular
priests who applied to become Benedictines, were clothed with
the habit, and passed the year of noviceship under the direction
of the Italian Fathers. On Nov. 21, 1607, the Feast of the
Presentation of Our Lady, they were brought to the Gatehouse
Prison in London, and conducted to the cell of Fr. Sigebert
Buckley to be professed. It was a strange scene ; the dull
November light peering through the barred window, shed a
glimmer on the rough ungarnished walls, the bare table, the
rude bench, and the mat that served for the prison bed : the
feeble bent figure of the confessor of the faith, in his gist
year, with his pale face and glistening eyes that with the
excitement had regained their brightness, formed a contrast to
the kneeling forms of the two novices in the prime of life with
eager faces lit up with religious fervour. He received their
vows, with trembling hands he arranged their habits, he gave
them the kiss of peace, and then the sight left his eyes and he
became stone-blind : the last objects that on earth his eyes
looked upon were his newly born children of St. Benedict.
Never perhaps in the history of the Church is there recorded
336 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
an act of similar significance, for by that profession were com
municated all the rights and privileges of the old Benedictines
in England ; all that Benedictines could claim for a thousand
years were centred in himself as the sole survivor, and com
municated to his disciples in that rough cell in the Gatehouse.
This act of Fr. Buckley was formally confirmed by Paul V. in
1612, by the Brief Cum accepimus. Fr. Sigebert was shortly
after released from prison ; FF. Anselm Beech and Robert
Preston guided the steps of the blind old patriarch to a safe
retreat at Wendham, ministered to him in his declining years
with the affection of children, and, when his days were
accomplished, comforted his deathbed, and watched him pass
away to his reward on Feb. 22, 1610, at the advanced age
of 93. He was buried at Pontshall, in Surrey.
Snow, Necrology of the English Benedictines ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Budge, Lucy, wife of a citizen of York, died a prisoner
for the faith in the Ousebridge Kidcote, March 19, 1587-8, and
was buried on Toft Green.
Folcy, Records S.J., vol. iii.
Bullaker, Thomas, O.S.F., martyr, called in religion
John Baptist, was born at Chichester, Sussex, about the year
1604. His father was a Catholic and a noted physician, and
was able to give his son a liberal education. At the age of
eighteen he was sent to the English College at St. Omer, under
the care of the Jesuits, and from thence he proceeded with others
to the English College at Valladolid, in Spain. Here he con
ceived a strong desire to embrace the austerity, poverty, and
humility of the Franciscan Order, and with the approval of his
superiors obtained admission into the celebrated convent of the
Spanish Recollects at Abrojo, six miles from Valladolid.
There he passed his noviceship and made his profession, and
then was sent to another convent of the Order to study
philosophy, ultimately returning to Valladolid for his divinity,
which he began there but finished at Segobia. Having been
ordained priest, his provincial told him to return to labour in
his own native country. He proceeded on foot, begging his
way, until he reached Bordeaux, where he obtained passage in
an English vessel and landed safe at Plymouth.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 337
The captain of the vessel, however, gave information to the
authorities, and Father Bullaker was arrested at the inn where
he had put up, and brought before the Mayor of Plymouth.
After examination, he was committed to a loathsome gaol in
the town, where he remained for eight days without any other
bed but the filthy floor of his cell in the midst of a severe
winter.
He was then removed to that den of infection, the county
gaol at Exeter, where he had to pass the remainder of the
winter of 1630 with the commonest felons for companions.
At the next Lent Assizes he was produced for trial, but the
only evidence brought against him was that of a sailor, who
showed a book taken from the prisoner, which he called a
Missal. On its being examined by the court, it turned out to
be a Spanish history, which the Father had procured to amuse
himself during his voyage, and as no proof could be adduced of
his priestly character he was sent up to London, and in the
meantime some friends interested themselves in his favour at
Court, and he was discharged. The sufferings endured in his
imprisonment brought on a violent fever, from which he
recovered, indeed, but left him with a ruined constitution.
His Superior then sent him into the country, where he
devoted almost the whole of the eleven remaining years of his
life to the instruction and service of the poor and afflicted.
In 1642, inflamed with a desire for martyrdom, he obtained
leave from his superior to remove to London, and here, on
Sunday, Sept. 1 1, in that year, whilst celebrating Mass in the
house of Mrs. Powell, the daughter of Sir Henry Browne, of
the Montague family, he was seized by the apostate and pur
suivant Wadsworth, and hurried before the Sheriff of London,
who committed him to the New Prison.
On the following Tuesday he was carried to Westminster
to be examined before a Committee of Parliament appointed
for the purpose, who sent him to Newgate to await his trial.
He was indicted upon a charge of high treason, for being a
Catholic priest, convicted, and on Oct. 12, 164.2, brought
out of prison, laid on a sledge, and so drawn to Tyburn, where
he was hanged and quartered, being only 3 8 years of age.
CJialloner, Memoirs; Mason, Certamen Seraphicum ; Oliver,
Collections.
VOL. I. Z
338 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
i. Portrait, Joannes Baptista, alias Bullaker, Ordinis P. P.
Minorum Recollectorum Provincise Anglise ; Martyrio coro-
natus 12 Oct. 1642. Sm. 410. Published in the " Certamen Seraphicum."
Bullen, Edward, Esq., son of Robert Bullen, a solicitor
at Taunton, co. Somerset, was born there April 3, 1813.
He was educated at the English Benedictine College at
Douay, and afterwards entered as a law student at Lincoln's
Inn, and subsequently became a member of the Hon. Society
of the Middle Temple. From 1836 until his death he practised
in London as a certificated special pleader.
On Sept. 2, 1837, he married Louisa, daughter of Norbert
Cosyn, of Samer, in France, and died July 19, 1868, aged 55,
being buried in the Catholic Cemetery at Kensal Green.
Contemporary Notices.
1. A Practical Treatise on the Law of Distress for Rent, and
of Things Damage-Peasant. Lond. 1842. 8vo.
2. Bullen and Leake's Precedents of Pleadings. Lond. 1860.
8vo. ; frequently reprinted ; of which he was joint-author.
Bullock, George, D.D., was born in or about the year
1521. It has been conjectured that he had his early education
at Eton, whence he removed to St. John's College, Cambridge.
He proceeded B.A. 15389, was soon afterwards elected
Fellow of St. John's College, and commenced M.A. in 1542. He
was Proctor of the University for the year commencing Oct. I 549.
During the time he held that office the University was visited
under a Royal Commission. In 1550-1 he was examined on
the trial of Bishop Gardiner in support of his matter of justi
fication, he having been present at the Bishop's sermon before
the king on the Feast of St. Peter, 1549. During the reign of
Edward VL, Mr. Bullock left England on account of his dislike
to the Reformation. He resided in the Abbey of Nevers, in
France, for two years. Returning to his native country upon
the accession of Queen Mary, that Sovereign presented him to
the rectory of Great Mongeham, in Kent, in Oct. 1553, and to
a canonry in the church of Durham, May 9, 1554. On the
1 2th of the last-mentioned month he was admitted Master of
St. John's College, having been unanimously elected by his
fellows. In the same year he proceeded B.D. He was
admitted to the vicarage of St. Sepulchre, London, on the
Queen's presentation, Feb. II, 1554-5, signed the Catholic
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 339
Articles 1555, and became Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity
in i 5 56, in which year he resigned the vicarage of St. Sepulchre.
About the same time he obtained the rectory of Much Munden,
Hertfordshire. During the visitation of the University by
Cardinal Pole's delegates he was one of the persons examined
to substantiate the charge of heresy against Bucer previously to
the exhumation of his body. He was created D.D. 1557. Soon
after the accession of Elizabeth, he was deprived of the master
ship of St. John's, the Lady Margaret professorship, his canonry
at Durham, and the rectory of Much Munden, for refusing to
take the oath of supremacy. He then left England, but was
captured and spoiled of everything by pirates.
Ultimately, however, he got to Vevers again, and resided
there for several years, being very kindly entertained by the
Abbot, by whom he was sent to the University of Paris with
letters of introduction.
About 1567 he removed to Antwerp, and read a divinity
lecture in the Monastery of St. Michael there.
William Roper, Esq., was imprisoned in 1568 for having
sent ;5 to Dr. Bullock beyond sea, but seems to have obtained
his release on acknowledging his offence before the lords of the
Council. Dr. Bullock died at Antwerp in or about the year
1580, and was buried in the Monastery of St. Michael.
Cooper, A then. Cantab.
1. QHconomiaConcordantiarumScripturseSacrse. Antwerp, 1567;
1572, fol. ; Venice, 1585, 2 vols. fol., the first vol. ded. to Pope Gregory XIII.,
the second to Michael Malena, Abbot of Nevers.
2. It may be inferred from the proceedings against Mr. Roper that Dr.
liullock was, or was suspected to have been, the author of some of those
numerous publications against the Queen's supremacy which appeared abroad
and were surreptitiously imported into England.
Bulmer, Henry Taylor, artist, for some time resided in
Preston, Lancashire, where he painted the altar-piece at St.
Augustine's in 1840. He also decorated St. Cuthbert's, North
Shields, and several other churches in various parts of the
country. His principal work, however, was in portraiture, in
which he did not display any great merit.
He died at his residence, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Dec. 6, 1857,
aged 46.
Gillozu, Lane. Recusants, MS.
2 2
34O BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Bulmer, one, of Holborn, London, bookseller, is named in
1624 as a Catholic.
Gee, Foot out of the Snare.
Bulstrode, Sir Richard, Knt., born in 1610, was the
eldest son of Edward Bulstrode, of the Inner Temple, a
favourite of Cromwell, who, in 1649, made him one of the
Justices of North Wales.
After a preliminary education he was sent to Pembroke Hall,
Cambridge, where he continued his studies for several years.
From Cambridge he went to the Inns of Court, and was entered
at the Inner Temple. In due course he was admitted to the
Bar, and practised his profession until the breaking out of the
Civil War, when his principles, which were very different from
those of his father, caused him to throw off the gown for the
army. His prudence, bravery, and military capacity soon
attracted the attention of Charles I., who appointed him
Adjutant-General of his army, and afterwards Quarter-Master-
General, in which post he continued to serve until the disband
ing of the king's forces at Truro. Some years after the
Restoration, Charles II. sent him as Agent to reside at Brussels,
as a reward for his long and faithful services to the Crown.
He returned to England in 1675 to give an account of his
negotiations, with which the king was so well satisfied that he
conferred on him the honour of knighthood, and after a few
months sent him back again to the Court at Brussels in the
position of Resident.
Sir Richard continued in this office until thedeath of Charles II.,
when James II. raised him to the degree of Envoy at the same
Court, where he remained until after the Revolution.
It is probable that it was while Envoy at Brussels that he
became a Catholic.
Faithful to his royal master, he soon followed him to the
Court of St. Germains, where he lived in retirement about
twenty years, and ended his days Oct. 3, 171 1, having attained
the extraordinary age of 101 years.
He was twice married, first to the daughter of Edward
Dyneley, of Charleton, near Eversham, co. Worcester, sister of
Sir Edward Dyneley ; and, secondly, to a daughter of M. Stam
ford, Envoy to the English Court from the Duke of Newbourg,
afterwards Elector Palatine of the Rhine.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 34!
By his first wife he had two sons, the younger of whom,
Whitlocke Bulstrode, Prothonotary of the Marshal's Court, was
an author of considerable repute ; and by his second wife, who
survived him, Sir Richard left three sons and four daughters.
He was endowed with great bodily strength and firmness,
and when over fourscore years of age would often walk twelve
miles in a morning and study as many hours in a day.
He was an accomplished courtier, consistent throughout his
political course, and, in the important affairs with which he
was commissioned, ever behaved with ability, integrity, and
secrecy.
Sir Richard's second family were brought up Catholics. His
son Dom Joseph Bulstrode, who apparently was knighted by
James II. at St. Germains, had a son James, born in 1724, who
was educated, at the expense of the exiled claimant to the
English throne, James III., in the English College, Rome, and
after his ordination obtained a canonry at Seclon, in Flanders.
A daughter, Charlotte, married Sir Laurence Wood, Knt,
physician to James III. Some of Sir Richard's younger
children were under age at the time of his death.
The family were descended from the territorial lords of Bul
strode, near Beaconsfield, co. Bucks, where they were seated in
Saxon times, and adopted the name of Bulstrode, according to
tradition, under very curious circumstances.
Bysshe, Epis. Ded. to Orig. Letters ; W. Bulstrode, MisccL
Essays.
1. A Poem on the Birth of the Duke of York. Lond. 1721. 8vo.
Written in 1633, at Cambridge, where the original MS. was formerly
extant in the Collections of the Poems of that University.
2. Original Letters written to the Earl of Arlington by Sir R. B.,
Envoy at the Court of Brussels from K. Charles II., &c., containing
the most remarkable Transactions, both in Court and Camp,
during his Ministry, particularly the Famous Battel of Scneff,
between the Prince of Orange and the Prince of Conde. With a
Preface, giving an account of the Author's Life and Family.
Lond. 1712. 8vo. Ded. by E. Bysshe, the editor, to George, Earl of
Cardigan.
Besides the Epistle Dedicatory and Preface, this work contains thirteen of
his poems, in Latin verse, which clearly define his faith, and also an extract
of a letter to his son concerning Retirement, written a few years before his
death. The Letters themselves, pp. 176, were all written in 1674 to the
Secretary of State, with the exception of two to Sir Robert Southwell.
3. The Lives of Charles I., Charles II., and James II. MSS.
342 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
These lives were left ready for the press, and eventually were printed under
the two following titles :
4. Life of James II. Rome. 1711.
5. Memoirs and Reflections upon the Reign and Government of
K. Charles I. and K. Charles II., containing an account of several
remarkable facts not mentioned by other historians of those
times ; wherein the characters of the Royal Martyr and of
K. Charles II. are vindicated from fanatical aspersions. Written
by Sir R. B., now first published from his original MS. Lond.
1721. 8vo., pp. 439-
6. Miscellaneous Essays, with the Life and Conversion of St.
Mary Magdalen, with seme Reflections upon the Conversion of the
Good Thief; also, the Life and Conversion of St. Paul. Published,
with a Preface, by his son, Whitlocke Bulstrode, Esq. Lond. 1715-
8vo., pp. xxxii. 390.
These essays were very highly commended by persons to whom they were
shown during the author's lifetime. His son, who was not a Catholic, in his
preface, refers to his father having written this work at the age of 90, and
thinks it necessary to make excuses for the Catholic tendency he displays in
the life of Mary Magdalen. He says : " In the Author's Discourse on this
Subject, he hath rather played the Prelate than the Gentleman, and having
read the Fathers hereon, has been a little tainted with their Gingle ; " and he
further adds, " It's a hard matter for a man that writes on a Divine subject,
and who consults what the Fathers have said thereon, not to run into their
stile, and conform to their way of expression. And thus the Author has done
in this, as well as in the preceding Essay."
7. Florilegium Metricum, sive Poemata Sacra. MS.
When about 80 years of age he wrote in Latin verse 185 Elegies and
Epigrams on religious subjects, " De Annuntiatione B.M. Virginis," " De
Nativitate Domini nostri Jesu Christi," "De Passione," " De Resurrectione,"
"De Ascensione," " De Conversione S. Pauli," "De Nuptiis in Cana
Galileae," " Pugna Draconis cum S. Michaele." &c., prefaced with a poem,
"Ad Candidum Lectorem."
These he prepared for the press, and, some time before his death, sent them
over to his son Whitlocke to be published, but that worthy gentleman
thought that they would ill agree with the religious temper of the age, and
declined to print them.
8. Letters to the Earl of Arlington, 1674, the Duke ofLauder-
dale, 1678, J. Ellis, 1678, J. Caryll, 1688, and Queen Mary of
Modena. Brit. Mus. Add. MSS.
Burden, Edward, priest, martyr, was a native of the
Bishopric of Durham, and was admitted a Fellow of Corpus
Christi College, Oxford. Quitting the University, he proceeded
to the English College, then at Rheims, where he was ordained
priest in 1584, and sent to England two years later. Falling
into the hands of the pursuivants, he was tried and condemned for
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 343
being a priest, and was hanged, drawn, and quartered at York,
Nov. 29, 1588.
Challoner, Memoirs ; Douay Diaries.
Burder, George Bernard, O. Cist., D.D., abbot, was the
son of the well-known Dissenting minister and writer, George
Burder, and his wife, Miss Harrison, of Newcastle-under-Lyne.
His father, whose memory is held in high esteem by his co
religionists, has left behind him a considerable reputation as a
hymnodist. After preaching at Ulverstone and Lancaster, he
was ordained pastor of the Congregational Church at Lancaster,
in 1778, and remained there until the latter end of 178 3, when
he went to Coventry, and subsequently to London, where he
died in 1832, his marriage having taken place while he was at
Lancaster in 1781.
George Burder, the son, was educated at Magdalen College,
Oxford, and having taken his degree of M.A., was appointed
to the curacy of Ruardean. He became a convert in the
Tractarian movement, and was received into the Church at
Oscott College, Jan. 24, 1846. Subsequently he was ordained
priest, and joined the Cistercians at Mount St. Bernard's
Abbey, Leicestershire, where he filled the offices of Sub-Prior
and Prior, and was at length consecrated Abbot. He died
Sept. 26, 1 88 1.
Browne, Tract. Movement ; Tablet, Sept. 1 8, 1852; Miller,
Singers and Songs of the CJinrch.
1. The Souls in Purgatory. Translated from the French of
Bouguets. Lond. 1873. 321110.
2. The Consoler ; or Pious Readings addressed to the Sick
and all who are Afflicted. By Pere Lambilotte. Translated
from the French. Lond. 1873. 8vo.
3. St. Bernard and his Work. Translated from the French
of Caussette. Lond. 1874. i6mo.
4. Confidence in the Mercy of God. Translated from the
French of Mgr. Languet de Villeneuve de Gergy, successively
Bishop of Soissons, &c. Lond. 1876. 8vo.
5. The Christian Life and Virtues considered in the Religious
State. Translated from the French of C. Gay, Bishop of Anthe-
don. Lond. 1878. 8vo.
6. Portrait, engr. from a photo, by Maynal, 1855, 23 by 17.
Burgess, Thomas, D.D., Bishop of Clifton, was born
Oct. I, 1791, near Preston, in Lancashire, and was nephew of
344 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Fr. James Bede Burgess, O.S.B., who was born at Clayton, in
1768, where the family had long resided, and in the days of
persecution had suffered considerably for their faith. He was
educated at the Benedictine College at Ampleforth, where he
was professed, Oct. 13, 1807.
He was elected Prior of Ampleforth in 1 8 1 8, and whilst still
holding that office, in 1830, was persuaded with Dr. Rooker
and Fr. Edward Metcalfe to join Dr. Baines, and become secu
larized, in order to raise up the new collegiate establishment at
Prior Park, Bath. Their abrupt withdrawal, with several of the
students, excited alarm, and threatened shipwreck to Ample
forth, which fortunately, however, soon recovered the blow.
He was afterwards transferred by Bishop Baines to Cannington,
and after fifteen months' service there, was appointed to the
charge of Portland Chapel, dedicated to St. Augustine, near
Queen Street, Bath, which he opened May 26, 1832. He
was finally placed at Monmouth, where he kept a school for
boys between the ages of 7 and 14, and remained until he
was selected to succeed Bishop Hendren, who had resigned
the newly created See of Clifton. He was consecrated July 27,
1851, by Cardinal Wiseman, assisted by Bishops Wareing and
Ullathorne, in St. George's Cathedral, Southwark. He died
at Westbury-on-Trym, Nov. 27, 1854, his death being hastened
by the burden he had undertaken, and his unceasing exertions
to stave off the dissolution of the College at Prior Park.
Oliver, Collections ; Maziere Brady, Epis. Succession.
1. Pastorals.
2. Portrait, the Right Rev. Thomas Burgess, late Bishop of
Clifton. Born Oct.l, 1791. Died Nov. 27, 1854. 8vo. H. Adlard, sc.
"Catholic Directory," 1860, with Memoir.
Burgh, John, a captain in the King's army, was killed at
Cover, in Gloucestershire, during the Civil War.
Castlemain, Cath. Apology.
Burgis, Edward Ambrose, O.P., was the son of a
clergyman of the Church of England, who was converted to the
faith.
He went to Italy and entered the Dominican convent of
SS. Giovanni e Paolo, at Naples, where he was professed in
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 345
1696. In December of the same year he was sent to the
newly established College at Louvain to study philosophy, and
there filled the chairs of philosophy, theology, scripture, and
ecclesiastical history, at various periods, for nearly thirty years.
He was appointed Lector of Morals at Bornhem, in 1 709, but
returned in the same capacity to Louvain in the following
year. He was chosen Rector of the Dominican College of
St. Thomas Aquinas, Louvain, for the first time in 1718, again
in 1724, and once more in 1735. His degree of S. Th. Mag.
was granted in 1723, and in 1730 he was elected Provincial,
and was stationed in London. After his third appointment as
Rector of Louvain, in 1735, he is thought to have been on the
mission in Yorkshire. In 1741 he was installed Prior of
Bornhem, and four years later was appointed Director to the
nuns at Brussels.
On account of the war he was instituted Vicar-General for
Belgium in 1746, and died at Brussels, April 27, 1747, aged
about 74.
He was an eminent scholar and theologian, and passed
through the highest offices of his Order with distinguished
credit.
Palmer, Obit. Notices O.S.D. ; Oliver, Collections.
1. An Introduction to the Catholic Faith. By Fr. Thomas
Worthington, O.P., L n, 1709, to which Fr. Burgis put the finishing
hand.
2. The Annals of the Church. Lond. 1712. 8vo., pp. 326. This
work embraces the period between A.D. 34 and 300. At the end of the pre
face the author states that he hopes to bring his Annals down to the present
times, and in order to do this, formed the plan, and cast the whole into nine
tomes much of the same size in which he designs to publish.
3. Prolegomena ad sac-ram Scripturam et Historia sacra
Scholastica per duo millia supra quingentos et decem annos
ab origine mundi deducti, una cum appendice de fide, Juxta
inconcussa tutissimaque dogmata angelici et quinte Ecclesise
doctoris D. Thomse Aquinatis. Prsesidebit F. Ambrosius Burgis,
S.T. Professor in CollegioF.F. Praedicatorum Anglorum. Lovanii,
1716. i2mo., pp. 20.
4. Theses historicse, dogmatic ae, theologicse, de Deo Homine.
Accedit continuatio Historia Sacra Scholasticae. Lovanii, 1716.
Svo., pp. 26.
5. Theses theologicse de sacramentis in genere et tribus
prioribus in specie cum continuatione historise sacrse scholas-
ticse. Lovanii, 1718. 8vo., pp. 42.
6. Historia Sacra Scholastica a Nativitate Christi ad Pente-
34<5 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
costen continuata cum 4 posterioribus Sacramentis. Lovanii,
1719. 8vo., pp. 60.
7. Theses historicse theologicse de scientia, voluntate,
providentia, prsedestinatione reprobatione et gratia Dei. Cum
continuatione Historicse Sacrse Scholasticse a Pentecoste ad flnem
primi sseculi. Lovanii, 1721. 8vo., pp. 68.
8. Theses historicse Theologicae de Locis Theologicis, Deo
uno et trino, Angelorum, hominum, omniumque creatore.
Lovanii, 1724. 8vo., pp. 88.
9. Historia Sacra Scholastica tertii sseculi, cum selectis Sacrse
Scripturse et Theologise thesibus. Lovanii, 1730. 8vo., pp. 102.
10. The Annals of the Church from the Death of Christ. Lond.
T 73S> 5 vols. Svo. Vol. I., containing the space of 267 years, pp. 532; II.,
78 years, pp. 546 ; III., 38 years, pp. 480 ; IV., 84 years, pp. 550 ; V., Notes
on the previous vols., pp. 347.
Written with great accuracy and in a pleasing style. In the preface the
author claims for his work the honour of being the first of the kind, either
Catholic or Protestant, written in the English language.
Burns, James, publisher and author, was born in 1808 at
a small town near Montrose, in Forfarshire, and was the eldest
of eight children. It was intended that he should follow his
father's calling, the Presbyterian ministry, and to this end he
entered one of the best colleges in Glasgow ; but even at this
early stage of life the boy felt there was nothing of preacher or
minister about him, and so he left the college and came to
London, where he was employed by Whitaker & Co., pub
lishers. This was in 1832, and his wonderful aptitude for
business soon won him his master's confidence. After acquir
ing a thorough knowledge of the bookselling trade, he left
Whitaker's and set up for himself in a very modest way in
Portman Street.
In a few years the name of James Burns came prominently to
the fore in the list of English publishers. The clergy of the
Established Church found in him a most active auxiliary in the
tracts and publications they were at that time publishing.
He soon threw off the Presbyterian form of worship and
took to Puseyism, or High Churchism, as it was then called,
and published two really valuable series, "The Englishman's
Library," and " The Fireside Library," which supplied a deside
ratum of interesting and instructive books, all bearing a high
literary tone.
The " Eucharistica " is a notable example of the artistic taste
he lavished upon everything that bore his name.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 34/
When the movement of the Oxford party towards Catho
licism, with Newman at its head, was going slowly but surely
forward, James Burns began to have serious doubts and mis
givings, and finally followed in the wake of many whose pub
lisher he had been in Protestant days. He relinquished the
glorious prospects which lay before him, and, throwing worldly
considerations aside, publicly professed himself a Catholic.
His conversion took place in 1 847, the thirty-ninth year of
his age, with a wife and young family to care for.
At the time of his conversion Mr. Burns played so important
a part in the literary world that the announcement of his seces
sion from the Established Church appeared in The Times, and
letters poured in from his Anglican friends dissuading him from
the step.
Then with a will he set to work, disposed of books which
were unsuitable for Catholic taste, and in a very short time
gave to Catholics an abundant supply of good and wholesome
reading, of which at that particular time they stood in so much
need.
He afterwards" took Mr. Lambert into partnership; and
from Burns & Lambert the style of the firm became Burns,
Lambert & Gates in 1866, when Mr. William Wilfrid Gates
joined the firm, and subsequently was changed to Burns &
Gates.
Mr. Burns died April 1 1, 1871, aged 62, leaving behind
him a wife, now cloistered with four of her daughters in the
Ursuline Convent at Pittsburgh ; one son in the Society of Jesus ;
and one other daughter a Sister of Charity in England.
He was a kindly, genial companion, and a man of con
siderable culture, having a knowledge of Latin, Greek,
German, French, and Italian. He was well-read, gifted with
taste and judgment, and possessed a very solid and extensive
knowledge of music, of which he was intensely fond. To him
was chiefly due the rapid advance which Catholic literature
made during the last ten years of his life, and his labours in
that cause, and in Catholic Church music, have reared a monu
ment to his memory that will not be easily effaced.
Illus. Cath. Fam. Annual, 1884; Gitloiv, Early Cath.
Periodicals, Tablet, Jan. 29 to March 19, iSSi.
i. Tales and Adventures by Sea and Land. Translated from
the French of Fouqu6. Lond. 1847.
34-8 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
2. The Missal. Edit, by J. B.
3. The Vespers Book. Edit, by J. B.
4. The Paradise of the Christian Soul. New edit, by J. B.
5. Articles on Church Music in the Dtiblin Review, and many composi
tions of the best masters. Edit, and pub. by Mr. B.
6. The Path to Heaven. Edit, by J. B.
7. The Dublin Review, quarterly, originally published by Spooner,
London, andWakeman, Dublin, in 1836 ; Booker & Dolman, in 1838; Dol
man, in 1839 ; Richardson & Son, in 1844 ; and a new series commenced
in July, 1863, by Burns & Lambert ; and Third Series, in 1879, by Burns &
Gates.
8. Annals of the Propagation of the Faith, monthly, originally
published in Paris, 1838, and sold in London by Keating & Brown, P. & M.
Andrews, 1842, Peter Andrews, 1844, Burns Lambert, in 1861, and Burns,
Lambert & Gates, in 1866.
9. The Rambler, a Journal of Home and Foreign Literature,
Politics, Science, and Art, 410., weekly, was commenced by James Burns,
Jan. I, 1848 ; changed to a monthly Journal and Review, vol. iii. Sept. 1848,
8vo., and suspended in Nov. 1859, on account of the Jansenist tendencies
of the editor, Richard Simpson, after which it had a brief existence as the
" Home and Foreign Review."
10. Portrait, medallion sketch, " Cath. Fam. Annual," 1884.
Burton, Catharine, Prioress of the English Teresian or
Carmelite Convent at Antwerp, was the daughter of Thomas
Burton, Esq. (descended from a Yorkshire family of position),
who settled at Bayton, near Bury St. Edmunds, co. Suffolk,
where she was born in 1668. Her mother was Mary, only
daughter of Christopher Suttler, Esq., of Norfolk, after whose
death Mr. Burton settled his temporal affairs and entered the
Society of Jesus, and was about to embark for Antwerp en
route for the novitiate at Watten, when he was attacked with
fever, and died in June, 1696. His daughter, Catharine, had
previously entered the Carmelite Convent at Antwerp, where
she was professed Dec. g, 1694, taking the name in religion
of Xaveria. Her exemplary virtue was so remarkable that she
was chosen Sub-Prioress in 1697, an d though she was both
young in years and religion, yet, at the request of the religious,
by approbation of the Bishop, she was declared Superior in
1700, in which office she continued six years. In the election
of 1 706, another Superior was chosen, but she being rendered
by sickness incapable of complying with the duties of her
charge, after three months, the community was again committed
to the care of the Sub-Prioress, Mother Xaveria, until she was
elected Superior in the following year, a position which she
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 349
retained until her death in 1714. Her grandfather, Henry
Burton, died in prison, a confessor of the faith.
Coleridge, Life ; Foley, Records S.J., Collectanea.
i. An English Carmelite: Life of Catharine Burton, by Father
Thomas Hunter, S.J. Edited by Fr. Hen. James Coleridge, S.J., Lond.
1876.
Busby, George, Father S.J., alias Brown, was of the
family of Busby of Coddington, co. Oxford, and was born at
Brussels, where his father had retired on account of the troubles
and persecutions of Catholics occasioned by the Civil Wars,
Sept. i, 1638. He entered the Society at Watten in the name
of George Brown, Sept. 7, 1656, and was sent to the English
mission in 1668, where his principal labours were in the Derby
shire district. Marked out as a victim of the Gates Plot perse
cution, and a large reward offered for his apprehension, he was
arrested, March 16, 1681, at the mansion of that staunch
Catholic, Mr. Powtrell, of West Hallam, co. Derby, who had
married Fr. Busby's niece.
He was committed to the gaol at Derby, and tried for high
treason under the statute of 27 Eliz. at the Derby Summer
Assizes, July 25, 1681. The obsequious jury brought him in
guilty, and he was condemned to death, but was reprieved,
and afterwards obtained a royal pardon. Fr. Busby soon
after retired to Belgium, and in 1691 was declared Rector of
St. Omer's College, where he died Jan. or July 25, 1695,
aged 56.
Foley, Records S.J., vols. v. and vii.
i. Great News from Derbyshire, being a full and true relation
of the discovery of above thirty priests, living and residing in and
about Hallam, in the said county, together with an account of the
taking of one Busby, a priest, and two women, notorious Papists,
by Justice Gilbert, a worthy and active prosecutor of priests and
Jesuits, and how they had contrived to charge Mr. Gilbert with
felony, which by the confession of Dudley, one of their own
party, by the providence of God, was fully detected and dis
covered, and they committed to the county gaol, where they now
remain. Written in a letter from a worthy divine of that county
to a friend in London. Lond. 1681.
A copy of this sheet is given in " Records S.J.," vol. v. p. 503 : with a
full description of Fr. Busby's trial.
Bush, Paul, Bishop of Bristol, was sent to Oxford
about 1513, and was first educated amongst the friars of St.
3 SO BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Augustine, in the convent now called Wadham College.
Afterwards he joined the religious called Bons-hommes, and by
degrees rose to the dignity of Provincial of the Order. He was
also chaplain to Henry VIII., and for his ready compliance with
the dissolution of his monastery was made the first bishop of
the newly created See of Bristol in 1542.
He complied so far with the principles of the Reformation
under Edward VI. as to take a wife, but was never known
either to preach or to write a word against the Church of Rome.
He returned to the faith in Queen Mary's reign, when he
willingly forsook both his See and his wife, and spent the
remainder of his days in seclusion in Bristol, where he died
Oct. n, 1558.
He is described as a man of universal knowledge, a solid
divine, no contemptible poet, and well versed in physic.
Dodd, Ck. Hist.
1. Notes on the Psalm Miserere.
2. A Treatise in praise of the Cross.
3. Dialogues between Christ and the Virgin Mary.
Buston, Thomas, or Stephen de Buston, vide Thomas
Stephens, SJ.
Butler, Alban, divine, was the second son of Simon
Butler, Esq., of Apeltre or Appletree, in the county of North
ampton, by Ann, daughter of Henry Birch, Esq., of Gorscott,
in the county of Stafford.
His family, for amplitude of possessions and antiquity, had
vied with the best in the kingdom, but was reduced to slender
circumstances at the time of his birth. His grandfather was a
Protestant clergyman, and according to the tradition of the
family was the confidential agent of the Duke of Devonshire
and the Earl of Warrington in inviting the Prince of Orange
over to England ; but the political effects of the Revolution
running contrary to his anticipations, preyed so heavily on his
mind, that to drown his remorse for having been one of its
instruments, he abandoned himself to a course of -dissipation,
which in a few years wasted a considerable portion of his
patrimony, and left the remnant so heavily encumbered that
the last wreck of the estate was alienated, about 1720, during
the minority of his grandchildren. Alban Butler was born at
Appletree, Oct. 24, 1710, and his father dying July 8, 1712,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 351
I
he was sent at a very early age to the school at Lady Well,
Fernyhalgh, near Preston, in Lancashire, kept by the celebrated
" Dame Alice," or Alice Harrison, where he applied himself to
his studies with that unremitted application which throughout
his life he gave to literature ; and it is also stated that sacred
biography was even then his favourite pursuit. This nursery
of so many of the most eminent ecclesiastics of the last century
was at this period under the supervision of the Rev. Christopher
Tootell, the pastor of Lady Well, and Vicar-General for Lanca
shire, and it is most probable that it was at this very time,
whilst the future author of the " Lives of the Saints " was
laying the foundation of his future renown in repeating to a
numerous and wondering audience of little boys the history of
the chiefs and saints of the Saxon era, that the eminent historian
and biographer, Hugh Tootell, alias Charles Dodd, was assist
ing his uncle in his missionary duties, and had already com
menced his collections for that great History of the Church in
England which occupied, it is said, over thirty years of his life.
After a short stay at Fernyhalgh, Alban Butler was sent to
the English College at Douay, Mr. Holman, of Warkworth,
guaranteeing the expenses of his education. About this time
he lost his mother, who died at Wappenbury, co. Warwick, in
Feb. 1721, and just before her death she wrote a touching
letter to her children, which is given in the " Life of the Rev.
Alban Butler," written by his nephew, Charles Butler, Esq.,
which generally precedes the modern editions of the " Lives of
the Saints." Here he distinguished himself by his unassuming
modesty, invincible evenness of temper, and insatiable love of
knowledge and improvement. He was also remarkable for his
piety, and it is said that he generally allowed himself no more
than four hours' sleep, and often spent whole nights in study
and prayer. After completing his course, he was ordained
priest, and was appointed Professor of Philosophy, in lecturing
on which he followed the Newtonian system, then gaining
ground in the foreign universities, in preference to the systems
of Wolf and Leibnitz, in which he discovered some things
irreconcilable with the opinions of the Church. He was next
appointed Professor of Divinity and Vice-President of the
College, and whilst still there published his first work, " Letters
on the History of the Popes," which were written with ease and
vivacity, and displayed various and extensive learning. In
3S 2 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
1745 h e accompanied the Earl of Shrewsbury, and the Hon.
James and Thomas Talbot, on their travels through France
and Italy, and on his return to England wished to be settled
on the mission in London, where he might have access to
literary society and the public libraries, with a view to complete
his " Lives of the Saints," on which he had long been engaged.
But Bishop Stonor, the Vicar- Apostolic of the Midland district,
claimed him as belonging to that district, and appointed him,
in 1749, much against his will, to Paynsley, the seat of Lord
Langdale, near Draycott, in Staffordshire, where he was suc
ceeded, in 1751, by the Rev. George Hardwicke. He then
removed to Warkworth, in his native county of Northampton,
the seat of his early patron, Mr. Holman, and at that time the
residence of Mr. Eyre. Next he became domestic chaplain
to Edward, Duke of Norfolk, and private tutor to his nephew
and heir presumptive, the Hon. Edward Howard, whom he
accompanied abroad. During his residence at Paris, he com
pleted and sent to press his " Lives of the Saints," a work which
he projected in his youth, and to which he devoted the labours
of thirty years, sedulously applying his knowledge of the Greek,
Latin, French, Italian, and Spanish languages, to every branch
of sacred and profane literature which had the remotest bearing
on the subject. In the first edition, at the suggestion of Dr.
Challoner, V.A., of the London district, the notes were omitted,
on account of the cost, but they were inserted in the later
editions.
Some time after his return to England from his travels with
Mr. Edward Howard, he was elected, about the year 1766,
President of the English College of St. Omer, in which position
he continued until his death, and he was also appointed Vicar-
General of the diocese of Arras, St. Omer, and Amiens. He
died May 15, 1773, in the 63rd year of his age, and was buried
in the English College at St. Omer. His monument bears a
beautiful inscription, composed in Latin, by the Rev. Robert
Banister.
He had projected many works besides those enumerated.
He made collections for the lives of Bishop Fisher and Sir
Thomas More, and he aided Cardinal Quirini in his edition of
Cardinal Pole's Letters. He had begun a treatise on Nature
and Revealed Religion, being dissatisfied with what Bergier
had published on those subjects. His literary correspondence
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 353
was very extensive, and among other correspondents of distinc
tion, may be mentioned the learned Lambertini, afterwards
Pope Benedict XIV., and Dr. Lowth, Bishop of London. Dr.
Kennicott and others have liberally acknowledged the assistance
he afforded to Englishmen of literature.
Charles Butler, Life ; Baker, Hist, of Northampton ; Gillow,
Account of Ladywell, MS; Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS,
1. Eemarks on the two first volumes of the late Lives of the
Popes by Mr. Archibald Bower. In Letters to a Gentleman, 1754,
8vo. ; Dublin, 1778. Svo.
These letters met with universal approval, and have been several times
reprinted. The publication of Bower's "Hist, of the Popes," 1748-66, in
7 vols., 410., gave rise to much controversy, and the following are some of the
tracts : " Mr. Archibald Bovver's Affidavit in answer to the false accusation
brought against him by Papists ; to which are added I. A circumstantial
narrative of what hath since passed between Mr. Bower and Sir Henry
Bedingfeld in relation thereto. II. Copies of the said pretended letters
sent him by Sir Henry Bedingfeld, and of a subsequent affidavit made
by Mr. Bower of their not being wrote by him or with his privity. With
some observations on those letters proving them to be spurious." Lond.
1756. Svo.
Six Letters from B. to Fr. Sheldon, Provincial of the Eng. Jesuits, 1756
B.'s Affidavit in Answer to the false accusation brought against him by the
Papists, 1756 B.'s answer to the Six Letters, 1757 A full confutation of all
the facts advanced in B.'s three defences, 1757 B.'s reply to "A full confuta
tion," 1757 Some remarkable facts relating to the conduct of the Jesuits
with regard to B., 1758 Complete and final detection of B., with original
papers, 1758 One remarkable fact more relating to the conduct of the
Jesuits, by Mr. B., 1758 Mr. A d's motives for renouncing the Popish, and
re-embracing the Protestant religion, 1758 Letter to B. concerning his
motives, 1758 B. detected as an Historian, 1758.
Bower, a native of Dundee, was admitted into the Scots College, Douay,
removed to Rome, in 1706, and became a Jesuit in 1712. He was sent to the
English mission in 1726, and about six years later conformed to the Estab
lished Church. He was re-admitted a Jesuit in 1744, but again turned
Protestant. Xo credit is attached to his representations, and he is not
zealously claimed by the Protestant Church.
2. Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and other principal Saints;
compiled from original Monuments and other authentic Records ;
illustrated with the Remarks of judicious modern Critics and
Historians. Lond. 1745, 5 vols. 4to., without notes, as given by Lowndes
and Allibone; Lond. 1756-9, 5 vols. Svo.; Dublin, 1779-1780, 12 vols.
Svo., which is called the " Second Edition enlarged from the Author's own
Manuscript; 1 ' Edinburgh, 1798-1800, 12 vols. Svo., third edition; Lond.
1812-13, 12 vols. Svo., with an Appendix, with 40 engravings, the best
edition, with the Life of the Author, by Charles Butler, prefixed; 1846,
12 vols. 121110.; 1847, 12 vols. Svo., a reprint of the 1812-3 edition; 1847,
VOL. I. A A
354 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
12 vols. 32mo. Selections and abridgments were published Newcastle, 1799,
2 vols. Svo., by Rev. John Bell ; Irish Saints, by a Cistercian Monk, Dublin,
1823, I2mo. ; a compact edition, Dublin, 1833-36, 2 vols. Svo. ; another
by Rev. F. C. Husenbeth, Lond. 1857-60, 2 vols. Svo. It has also
been published in America and elsewhere, and translated into Italian,
French, &c.
3. A Short Account of the Life and Virtues of the Venerable
and Keligious Mother, Mary of the Holy Cross, Abbess of the
English Poor Clares at Rouen; who died there in the Sweet
Odour of Sanctity, March 21, anno 1735. Lond. 1767. Svo.
At the end of the work is the following notice : "The Author designs to
add an Appendix concerning Religious Orders in general, and therefore the
Purchasers of this Work are desired to wait a few months before they get it
bound."
It does not appear that this was ever carried out. Charles Butler, referring
to the work, says " It is rather a vehicle to convey instruction on various
important duties of a religious life, and on sublime prayer, than a minute
account of the life and actions of the man."
Mother Mary of the Holy Cross was a Howard ; her manuscript, "Prayers
of St. Bridget," in the possession of the author, will be noticed hereafter.
4. The Moveable Feasts and Fasts, and other annual Obser
vances of the Catholic Church. Left in MS. and edited by Dr.
Challoner, Lond. 1774, Svo., pp. 658; reprinted, with portrait and life of
the author, by Charles Butler, to which is added a continuation of the Feasts
and Fasts by a Catholic Priest, Dublin, 1839. Svo.
5. Meditations and Discourses on the sublime truths and im
portant duties of Christianity. Lond. 1791-3, 3 vols. Svo., edited by
Charles Butler and superintended by Rev. Mr. Jones ; Dublin, 1840, Svo.,
edited by Dr. Lanigan.
6. The Life of Sir Tobie Matthews. Lond. 1795, Svo., edited by
Charles Butler.
7. Collections for the Lives of Bishop Fisher and Sir Thomas
More, which it is to be regretted, with several other projected works, were
never given to the world.
8. A Treatise on Natural and Revealed Religion. MS. in
complete.
9. Travels through France and Italy, and part of the Austrian,
French, and Dutch Netherlands, during the years 1745 and 1746.
Edinburgh, 1803, Svo., edited by Charles Butler.
10. An Account of the Life and Writings of the Rev. Alban
Butler, with observations on some subjects of sacred and profano
literature mentioned in his writings. By Charles Butler. Lond.
1793, 8vo.; 1799, Svo., with portrait.
11. Memoirs of Missionary Priests. A valuable collection of
materials for aiding Bishop Challoner in his Memoirs. MS. vol. at
Oscott College. Challoner's accounts are frequently extracts from these
biographies.
12. Portrait, engr. by Finden, prefixed to his Life by Charles Butler,
and also in several of the large editions of the " Lives of the Saints."
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 355
Butler, Charles, a learned and accomplished lawyer, was
born in London, Aug. 14, 1750. He was the last repre
sentative of the ancient family of Butler, of Aston-le-Walls,
Northamptonshire.
Towards the close of the seventeenth century there
were living two brothers of this family, Alban and Simeon.
The former had issue an only daughter, who carried the
estate of Aston-le- Walls in marriage to Edward Plowden, of
Plowden Hall, Shropshire. The latter, Simeon Butler, who
inherited an estate called Appletree, was a staunch Whig, and
was employed by the first Duke of Devonshire in his negotia
tions with the Prince of Orange, afterwards William III. His
son and namesake married a Catholic lady, Ann, daughter of
Henry Birch, of Garscott, in Staffordshire, Esq., and they had
issue Charles, who died without issue ; Alban, the venerable
author of the " Lives of the Saints," and James. Soon after
the decease of Mr. Simeon Butler, the younger, the Appletree
estate was sold, and James, his youngest son, settled in
London as a linendraper, at the sign of the Golden Ball,
in Pall Mall, a business in which he met with considerable
success, and was singularly esteemed for his probity, great
charity, and unceasing endeavours to assist all to whom his
services could be useful. He married a lady of French
extraction, whose family had been long settled in an honourable
position in Ambleteuse, in Picardy. She was an accomplished
French and Latin scholar, and had also a fair knowledge
of Greek.
Their son Charles, the subject of this memoir, was sent
in his sixth year to a Catholic school kept at Hammersmith by
Mr. Plunkett, where he remained three years, and then he was
sent to Esquerchin, a school in connection with Douay, to
which college he removed after three years. Here he greatly
distinguished himself by the closeness of his application to
study, and by the ability he displayed in his academical
exercises. At the end of rhetoric he returned to England,
about i 766, and three years later began to study the law under
Mr. Maire, a Catholic conveyancer, upon whose decease he was
placed under the care of Mr. Duane, also a Catholic con
veyancer, but of much greater eminence. In 1775 he was
entered at Lincoln's Inn, and soon after became the pupil of
Mr. Holliday, the celebrated conveyancer, and formed an
A A 2
356 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
intimate acquaintance with Mr. Scott, afterwards Lord
Chancellor Eldon. In 1776 he married Mary, daughter
of John Eyston, Esq., of East Hendred, co. Berks, by whom he
had two daughters, Mary, wife of Lieut.-Col. Charles Stonor,
and Therasia, wife of Andrew Lynch, Esq., of Lynch
Castle, in the town of Galway. Mrs. Butler died May 2,
1814, aged 60. He soon obtained considerable practice as a
conveyancer, but could not be called to the Bar until 1791,
when he availed himself of the provision in an Act of
George III. (c. 32) for the relief of Roman Catholics, which
dispensed with the necessity of a barrister taking the oath of
supremacy, or the declaration against transubstantiation.
In 1779, Mr. Butler prepared a speech, which was delivered
by Lord Sandwich in the House of Lords, in defence of
his government of Greenwich Hospital. In 1786 he was
appointed Secretary to the Catholic Committee, a position
which he held until the passing of the Catholic Relief Bill in
1829, soon after which a general meeting of the Catholic
body presented him with a silver urn, and afterwards with
a sum of ,1,000, in acknowledgment of the great services he
had rendered the Catholic cause. On Aug. 15, 1831, Mr.
Butler accepted from the Chancellor the silk gown, which
prejudice on account of his religion had hitherto denied him,
and he was made a bencher of Lincoln's Inn, having the
honour to be the first Catholic King's Counsel since the reign of
James II.
Mr. Butler's habits of life were remarkably temperate and
regular, and his application to intellectual pursuits was un
remitting.
M. Pelisson, in his account of M. Huet, the celebrated
Bishop of Avranches, observes of that prelate, that from
his earliest years he gave himself to study ; that, at his rising,
his going to bed, and during his meals, he was reading, or had
others to read to him ; that neither the fire of youth, the
interruption of business, the variety of his employments,
the society of his friends, nor the bustle of the world, could
ever moderate his ardour for study. These expressions Mr.
Butler applied to his uncle, the venerable Alban Butler, and
says " he believes that with some justice, at least, he may also
apply them to himself;" adding, however, that his love of
literature never seduced him from his professional duties.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 357
" Very early rising, a systematic division of his time, abstinence
from all company, and from all diversions not likely to amuse
him highly from reading, writing, or even thinking on modern
party politics and, above all, never permitting a bit or scrap of
time to be unemployed have supplied him with an abundance
of literary hours. His literary acquisitions are principally
owing to the rigid observance of four rules : to direct his
attention to one Kterary object only at a time ; to read the best
book upon it, consulting others as little as possible ; when the
subject was contentious, to read the best book on each side ; to
find out men of information, and, when in their society, to
listen, not to talk."
He died on June 2, 1832, aged Si. He was a member
of the Antiquarian and Royal Asiatic Societies, and also
of the Literary Club.
Cath. Mag. ; Rose, Biog. Diet. ; Allibone, Bib. Diet. ; &c.
1. An Essay on Houses of Industry. Lond. 1773. Svo. Published
anonymously, at the request of Sir Harbord Harbord, afterwards Lord Suffield.
2. The first part of the Institute of the Laws of England.
Revised and corrected (from fol. 190 to the end, with the preface
.and index to the notes by Charles Butler). Lond. 1775. Fol.
In this edition of Coke upon Littleton, upon which Mr. Hargrave had
spent eleven years, Mr. Butler only occupied the short period of four
.terms, his labours embracing nearly half the work.
It was reprinted seven times during his lifetime, 1789, 1791, 1794, 1809,
1817, 1823, and 1831.
3. An Essay on the Legality of Impressing Seamen. Lond. 1777,
Svo. ; cr. Svo., 1778, second edition.
This able compilation, for it is little more than a selection from the argu
ments and authorities given in the speech of Sir Michael Foster, in the case
of Alexander Broadfoot, procured him an introduction to Lord Sandwich,
.the First Lord of the Admiralty, and to Wedderburne, then Solicitor-
General, and afterwards Lord Loughborough.
4. Letter on the Authorship of the Letters of Junius.
Written in conjunction with Wilkes about 1778.
5. Meditations and Discourses by the Rev. Alban Butler, edited
by Charles Butler. Lond. 1791-3. 3 vols. Svo.
6. A Letter addressed to the Catholics of England, by the
Catholic Committee. Lond. Coghlan, 1792, 4to. Mr. Butler's name is so
identified with the Catholic Committee, of which he was Secretary, that some
brief notice is necessary. According to his own account, in his Historical
Memojrs, the Committee was first formed in 1782. but Flanagan ("Hist, of the
Church ") fixes the date in May of the following year. The object was to
promote and attend to the affairs of the Catholic body, but little exertion in
this direction was made until 1787, when the Committee was remodelled. It
consisted with a few exceptions of laymen, never received the approval of
353 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
more than a. very small section of the clergy, and was vigorously opposed by
the remainder, whose chief support lay in Lancashire and the North. The
action of the Committee and the controversy arising therefrom has been
entered into at length by Butler himself, in his Historical Memoirs, and by
Dr. Milner, in his Supplementary Memoirs, and the following are some of the
principal contributors to the controversy : Bp. Milner, Joseph Berington,
Bp. Charles Berington, Chas. Plowden, S.J., Jos. Reeve, S.J., Wm. Pilling,
O.S.F., Dr. Geddes, Dr. Strickland, Lord Petre, Fris. Plowden, c.
Mr. Butler was the most active member of the Committee, and his name,
as Secretary, appears to most of its publications, and several manuscript
volumes, in his hand, on this subject are deposited in the British Museum.
The contents of the above work, giving some idea of the chief workings of
the Committee, are as follows : The Letter itself, with Appendix, pp. 28-iii.
Appendix I. Address to the Catholic Peers and Commoners, 1778 (to which
is attached an important list of signatures). II. A Draft of a Bill for
the Relief of the English Catholics, drawn by Mr. Butler, settled by Mr.
Hargrave. III. The Declaration and Protestation signed by the English
Catholic Dissenters in 1789 (with some hundreds of signatures). IV. To the
Hon. the Commoners of Great Britain in Parliament assembled. V. The
Case of the English Catholic Dissenters. VI. State of the Laws respecting
Presentations by Roman Catholics to Ecclesiastical Benefices. VII. Slate
of Facts by the Committee of English Catholics respecting the Oath con
tained in the Bill for their relief now before the Hon. House of Commons in
the name of the Catholics of England. VIII. Letter from Mr. Walmesley
(Charles Walmesley, Senior Bishop, V.A., dated Lond. Oct. 23, 1789). IX.
Minutes of Commitee Meeting, Feb. 2, 1790, pp. 46. Letter to R. R. Father
in God, John, Bishop of Centuria, V.A. of the Southern District, pp. II (Dr.
Milner, dated Feb. 2, 1791). To the R. R. Charles, Lord Bishop of Rama,
V.A., W.D., William, Lord Bishop of Acanthos, V.A., N.D., John, Bishop
of Centuria, V.A., S.D., pp. 13-31. The Oath of Allegiance and Abjuration,
and of Protestation and Declaration, pp. 32-3. To the Catholics of England,
pp. 8. Heads of a Bill, pp. 9-11. A Copy of a Letter written by the Com
mittee of English Catholics to the Four Apostolic Vicars, pp. 12-15 (dated
Nov. 25, 1789).
After the passing of the Relief Bill in 1791, the Committee resolved itself
into the "Cis-Alpine Club," April 12, 1792, in which character it continued
for nearly thirty years.
7. Historical account of the Laws respecting the Roman Catho
lics, and of the Laws passed for their relief, with observations on
the Laws remaining in force against them : being the last note in
that part of the new edition upon Coke-Littleton, which is
executed by Mr. Butler. Lond. 1795, sm. 8vo., pp. 45 ; 2nd edit.
Lond. 1811, 8vo. Ded. to Robt. Edw., Lord Petre.
8. Horse Biblicge : Part 1st, containing an historical and literary
account of the original texts, early versions, and the most
important printed editions of the Old and New Testaments, or
the Sacred Books of the Jews and Christians. Lond. 1797-1802. 8vo.
The first edition, 1797, sm. 8vo. 3 pp. 109, was not sold, but was printed for
the author's friends, and ded. to Sir John Courtenay Throckmorton, Bart.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 359
Part 2nd, containing an historical and literary account of the
Koran, Zend-Avesta, Vedas, Kings and Edda, or the Books
accounted sacred by the Mahometan, Persees, Hindus, Chinese,
and the Scandinavian nations : with Dissertations on the authen
ticity of the verse of the three Heavenly Witnesses ; or I. John,
ch. 5, v. 7 ; and on the General Council said to have been held by
the Jews, at Age" da in Hungary, in the year 1650 .
Oxford, 1799-1807, crown 8vo. This work went through five editions.
It was translated into French, and published by A. M. H. Boulard, Paris,
1 8 10, Svo.
Apparently the English editions were, 1797-1802, 1804, 1806, 1807,
roy. Svo. 4 vols., and 1817, 2 vols. Svo.
It gave rise to a controversy respecting the text of the " Three Heavenly
Witnesses," and J. Sparks published his outline of the controversy in his
Collection of Essays and Tracts, &c., vol. ii., 1823, I2mo.
9. An Account of the Life and Writings of the Rev. Alban
Butler, interspersed with observations on some subjects of sacred
and profane literature mentioned in his writings. 1799, i2mo., with
portrait of Alban Butler. Edinburgh, 1800. Svo.
10. A Letter to a Nobleman on the Proposed Repeal of the
Penal Laws which now remain in force against the Irish Roman
Catholics. Lond. 1801, sm. Svo., pp. 16.
11. Horae Juridicse Subsecivse; a series of notes respecting the
geography, chronology, and literary history of the principal
Codes, and original documents of the Grecian, Roman, Feudal
and Canon Law. With an Appendix. Lond. 1804, 8vo. ; 1807, 8vo. ;
3rd edit, with additions, Lond. 1830, Svo.; Philadelphia, 1808 ; and three
other editions.
12. A connected series of notes on the chief Revolutions of the
principal States, which composed the Empire of Charlemagne,
from 814 to 1806 : on the Genealogies of the House of Habsburgh,
and of the Six Secular Electors of Germany. Lond. 1807. 8vo.
The Emperor of Austria had renounced the Empire of Germany in the
previous year, and a question arose as to its territorial extent, which led to
the publication of Mr. Butler's notes.
13. The Rev. Alban Butler's Travels thro' France and Italy,
and part of Austrian, French, and Dutch Netherlands, during the
years 1745 and 1746, edited by Charles Butler, Edinburgh, 1803. Svo.
14. An Essay on the learning of Contingent Remainders and
Executory Devises, by C. Fearne. Edited by Charles Butler, with
Notes. Lond. 1809, 6th edit. Svo. Reprinted several times, 1820, Svo. ;
1844, loth edit. 2 vols. roy. Svo.
15. A Letter to an Irish Catholic Gentleman on the fifth Reso
lution entered into at the Meeting of the English Catholics (in
London) on the 1st Feb. 1810. Lond. 1811. Svo.
To this Dr. Milner, Bishop of Castabala, replied " Letters to a R.C.
Prelate in refutation of Charles Butler's letter to an Irish Catholic Gentle
man." 1811. Svo.
16. The Life of Fenelon, Archbishop of Cambray. Lond. . 3io,
8vo., pp. 238 ; Baltimore, iSn, i2mo.
360 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
The 3i'd edit, was published Lond. 1819, Svo. "To which are added the
lives of St. Vincent of Paul, and H. M. de Boudon : a letter on antient and
modern music ; and historical minutes of the Society of Jesus."
17. Life and Writings of J. B. Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux.
Lond. 1812, 8vo., pp. 1 80.
1 8. A Succinct History of the Geographical and Political
Revolutions of the German Empire, or the Principal States
which composed the Empire of Charlemange, from 800 to 1812.
Lond. 1812. Svo.
This is a republication of his Notes on the Chief Revolutions, c., and it
was again printed, Lond. 1815, 3rd edit., " with a Dissertation on French,
German, and English Nobility."
19. An Address to the Protestants of Great Britain and
Ireland on the Grievances of the Catholics. Lond. 1813, sm. Svo. ;
2nd edit. 1813, sm. Svo., pp. 22 ; 3rd edit, 1813, pp. 23 ; also in vol. i. of
"<The Pamphleteer ;" which called forth "A Counter Address to the Protes
tants of Great Britain and Ireland in answer to the Address of Charles
Butler, Esq." By T. Le Mesurier. Lond. 1813, Svo, being vol. ii. of " The
Pamphleteer."
" Extracts from an Address to the Protestants of Great Britain. By
Charles Butler, Esq., with additions respecting the Irish Catholics, and the
opinions of eminent Statesmen on the Catholic Question." .Exeter, 1813. Svo.
" An appeal to the Protestants of Great Britain and Ireland on the sub
ject of the R.C, question. First published in the papers of the Protestant
Union, in reply to a late Address by Charles Butler." Lond. 1813. Svo.
" Extract from the Kilkenny Chronicle, ' The Irish Catholic Board and
Charles Butler,' a resolution, &c., relative to the conduct of C. B. in re
ference to Catholic Emancipation." Lond. 1813. Svo.
" A letter to Mr. Butler on his Address to the Protestants of Great Britain
and on Mr. Butler's Reply. By R. Hill, M.A., Minister of Surrey Chapel ; "
also, " Mr. C. Butler of Lincoln's Inn, his Address to the Protestants of
Great Britain and Ireland, considered by A. Clerk." Lond. 1813. Svo.
20. The Lives of A. I. le Bouthillier De Ranee, Abbot of the
Monastery of La Trappe, and of Thomas a Kempis. With some
account of the principal Religious and Military Orders of the
R.C. Church. Lond. 1814. Svo.
21. An Essay on the Life of Michel de L'Hopital, ChanceUor
of France. Lond. 1814. i2mo., pp. 80.
22. The Inaugural Oration, spoken Nov. 4, 1815, at the cere
mony of laying the first stone of the London Institution for the
Diffusion of Science and Literature. Lond. 1816, sm. Svo., pp. 42.
23. An Historical and Literary Account of the Formularies,
Confessions of Faith, or Symbolic Books of the R.C., Greek,
and principal Protestant Churches. By the Author of the
Horse Biblicse, and intended as a supplement to that work. To
which are added Four Essays. Lond. 1816. Svo.
The last of the appended essays was the celebrated one on the Reunion
of Christians, which elicited much censure.
Respecting this essay, the author remarks in a letter to Dr. Parr :
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 361
" The chief aim of all my writings has been to put Catholic and Protestant
into good-humour with one another, and Catholics into a good-humour with
themselves I never had any notion that the reunion of Christians was
practicable."
1817, 2nd edition, "with Dissertations on the Religious Orders of the
Church of Rome ; on the Reading of the Bible in the common tongue ; and
on the attempts to unite Christians."
24. Philological and Biographical Works. Lond. 1817. 5 vols. Svo.
A collective edition of his works Horse Biblicas, Germanic Empire,
Horse Juridical, Confessions of Faith, Church of France, Lives of Fenelon,
Bossuet, De Ranee", Thomas a Kempis, Alban Butler, &c., with Portraits.
25. An Essay on the Character of Lord Mansfield's Forensic
Eloquence, which appeared in Seward's Anecdotes.
26. The Catholic Gentleman's Magazine, by Silvester Palmer,
Gent., Lond., Svo, monthly, price 2s. t embellished with plates, Feb. 1818 to
Feb. 1819, was edited by Mr. Butler, at probably a considerable pecuniary loss.
27. Historical Memoirs of the Church of France.
Which went through two editions.
28. Historical Memoirs respecting the English, Irish, and
Scottish Catholics from the Reformation to the present time.
(The Author's works [i.e., an account of the same] and some of his
reminiscences). Lond. 1819-21. 4 vols. Svo.
The title-pages of vols. i. and ii., 1819, state the work to be " In two vols. ; "
those of iii. and iv., 1821, read "Additions to the Historical Memoirs,'' c. ;
Lond. 2nd edit.; Lond. 3rd edit., considerably augmented, 1822, 4 vols. Svo.
This elicited from Bishop Milner, "Supplementary Memoirs of the
English Catholics addressed to Charles Butler, Esq.," Lond. 1820, Svo.,
which keenly controverts Butler's work and should always be read with it.
29. Reminiscences, with a Correspondence between the late
Dr. Parr and the Author. Part I. Lond. 1822, Svo. ; 2nd edit.; 3rd
edit, augmented, Lond. 1822-27, Svo. 2 vols. ; 4th edit., with a Letter to a
Lady on Ancient and Modern Music, Lond. 1824-27, Svo. 2 vols. The
first vol., Lond. 1824, sm. Svo., pp. 404, contains the Letter on Junius, the
Letter on Music, and an Inaugural Oration pronounced by Mr. Butler at the
opening of the London Institution in 1815, and is dedicated to Sir Thomas
Staunton, Bart., LL.D. F.R.S., dated Feb. 28, 1822.
30. Letter to Mrs. Edward Jerningham on Ancient and
Modern Music, and the Gregorian Chaunt. Dated Nov. 4, 1818,
reprinted in several of his works.
31. A Continuation of the Rev. Alban Butler's Lives of the
Saints to the end of the Pontificate of Pius VII. Lond. 1823. He
edited several editions of his uncle's " Lives of the Saints," translated into
various languages. "Vies Choisies des principaux Saints/ 3 Paris, 1837.
6 vols. I2mo.
32. The Life of Erasmus, with Historical Remarks on the State
of Literature between the tenth and sixteenth centuries. Lond.
1825. Svo.
33. The Book of the Roman Catholic Church, in a series of
Letters addressed to Robert Southey, Esq., LL.D., ou his "Book
362 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
of the Church." Lond. 1825, 8vo. ; 2nd edit., Lond. 1825, Svo., pp. xii.
352 ; 3rd edit. ded. to Charles Blundell, Esq., of Ince-Blundell, co. Lane.,
dated Nov. 4, 1824.
Mr. Southey refers to this publication in his letters to John May, Esq.,
March 16, and to the Rev. Robert Philip, Aug. 15, 1825 : he reviewed it
also in the Quart. Review, xxxiii. L. ; xxxvi. 305 : see also Edin. Review,
xliii. 125.
Mr. Butler in the second vol. of his Reminiscences, enumerates no less
than ten replies which were elicited by this work, amongst which were
"Letters to Charles Butler on the theological parts of his Book of the R.C.
Church," by H. Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter, 1825, 8vo., which was again
reprinted, 1866, 8vo., under the title " On the insuperable difference which
separates the Church of England from the Church of Rome : Letters to the
late Charles Butler on the theological parts of his Book of the R.C.
Church;" "An Apology for the Church of England, to which is prefixed
a Preliminary Discourse on the Doctrine of the Church of Rome ; in reply to
some observations of Chas. Butler addressed to Dr. Southey on his Book of
the Church," by J. Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury, 1825, Svo. ; "A Letter to
C. B. in vindication of English Protestants from his attack upon their
sincerity in the Book of the Roman Catholic Church," by C. J. Blomfield
(successively Bishop of Chester and of London), 1825, Svo. ; "A Defence of
the true and Catholick doctrine of the Sacrament, by T. Cranmer, Archbp-
of Canterbury, to which is prefixed an introduction in vindication of the
Author and the Reformation in England against allegations made by Charles
Butler." 1825. Svo.
"Two Letters addressed to the author of the Book of the R.C. Church,
upon certain passages in his Book/' by " Junior," 1825, Svo. ; "A Vindica
tion of Cranmer against some of the allegations made by C. B.," &c., by
H. J. Todd, 1826, I2mo. ; "The Accusations of History against the Church
of Rome examined in. Mr. C. B.'s Book of the R.C. Church," &c., by Geo.
Townsend, D.D. 1826. Svo.
"A Letter to C. B. containing brief observations upon his question, What
has England gained by the Reformation? By a true Catholic." Lond. 1825,
Svo. ; " Practical and internal evidence against Catholicism, with strictures
on Mr. Butler's Book of the R.C. Church." By Joseph Blanco White.
1826. I2mo.
34. A Letter to the Right Rev. C. J. Blomfield, Bishop of
Chester, from C. B., in vindication of a passage in his " Book of
the R.C. Church," censured in a letter addressed to him by his
Lordship. Lond. 1825, sm. Svo., pp. 26. Third edition, revised and enlarged,
Lond. 1825, sm. Svo., pp. 31. Dated March 25, 1825.
The second edition both of Blomfield's letter and Butler's reply was pub
lished in " The Pamphleteer," vol. xxv., 1825, Svo.
35. Vindication of " The Book of the R.C. Church," against
the Rev. G. Townsend's "Accusations of History against the
Church of Rome," with notice of some charges brought against
"The Book of the R.C. Church," in the publications of Dr.
Phillpotts, the Rev. John Todd, M.A., F.S.A., Rev. Stephen
Isaacson, B.A., the Rev. James Blanco White, M.A., B.D., and
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 363
in some anonymous publications : with copies of Dr. Phillpott's
Fourth Letter to Mr. Butler, containing a charge against Dr.
Lingard, and a letter of Dr. Lingard to Mr. Butler in reply to
the charge. Lond. 1826. 8vo.
The Vindication elicited six additional replies, amongst which were
"Vindicias Ecclesiae Anglicanaa. Letters to C. B., comprising essays on
the Romish Religion," &c., by R. Southey, 1826, Svo. ; "Supplementary
Letter to C. B., in reply 10 his Vindication of the Book of the R.C. Church,''
by Geo. Townsend, D.D., 1826, Svo.
36. Appendix to Mr. Butler's "Vindication of the Book of the
R.C. Church," in reply to Dr. Southey's Preface to his " Vindicise
Ecclesiee Anglicanse." Lond. 1826, sm. Svo., pp. u. Dated March 10,
1826.
37. Reply to an Article (by R. Southey) in the " Quarterly
Review" for March, 1826, on the Revelations of La Soeur
Nativite". To which is added an Essay on Mystical Devotion.
Lond. 1826. Svo.
38. The Life of Hugo Grotius; with Minutes of the Civil,
Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands. Lond.
1826. Svo.
39. A Letter on the Coronation Oath; Second Edition, with
notice of the recently published letters of the late King to Lord
Kenyon, and his Lordship's Answers ; and letters of the late
Mr. Pitt to the late King, and the late King's Answers. Lond.
1827, sm. 8vo., pp.. 15 ; again 8vo., pp. 23.
This elicited from Dr. Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter, "A Letter to an
English Layman on the Coronation Oath, in which are considered the
opinions of Charles Butler," &c. 1828. Svo.
40. A Short Reply to Dr. Phillpotts' Answer (in his " Letter
to a Layman") to Mr. Butler's letter on the Coronation Oath.
With a third edition, I., of that letter ; and II., of Mr. Butler's
letter on the alleged divided allegiance of English Catholics to
their King. Lond. 1828, sm. Svo., pp. 41. Ded. to Mrs. Blount, dated
March 25, 1828.
41. The Oxford Encyclopaedia, in which he assisted the Rev. W.
Harris and others. 1828. 4to.
42. A Memoir of the Catholic Relief Bill, passed in 1829,
with the Divisions in Parliament on the Catholic Claims
subsequent to 1778 ; being a sequel and conclusion of the
" Historical Memoirs of the English, Irish, and Scottish
Catholics." Lond. 1829. Svo.
43. Memoirs of the Life of H. F. D'Aguesseau, and an
historical and literary account of the Roman and Canon Law,
4th edit. Lond. 1830. Svo.
44. Answer to the Objections made to the King's sanctioning
the Bills for the Relief of his R.C. subjects, in consequence of
his Coronation Oath. And, an Essay to prove the undivided
Allegiance of his Majesty's R.C. subjects, notwithstanding their
acknowledgment of the Pope's spiritual supremacy.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
45- De Imitatione Christ! ; Libri quatuor. Lond. 1827, iSmo.,
to which he prefixed a Life of Thomas a Kempis, with some account of his
writings ; a very neat edition. Lond. 1851. 241110.
The life is taken from the edition by Lambinet, printed by Fr. Somalius.
Antwerp, 1615. 3 vols. 8vo.
46. The Moveable Feasts. By Rev. Alban Butler. With Life
of the Author, by C. B. Dublin, 1839. Svo.
47. A New Translation of the Book of Psalms, by A. Gedd.es,
was also edited by Mr. Butler, in conjunction with J. Disney. 1807. Svo.
48. On the London Polyglott. An elegant little treatise, printed for
private use. Cr. Svo.
49. Besides the above, Mr. Butler issued, previous to 1825, a number of
pamphlets with the under-mentioned titles : I. Allegiance of Catholics
Vindicated and Explained. 2. An Essay on Catholic Principles in refer-
.ence to God and the King. 3. Specimen of an intended Life of Christ. 4.
An Essay on the Reunion of Christians. 5. Sketch of the Professional
Character of Earl Mansfield. 6. Historical Account of the Monastic Orders
of the Church of Rome. 7. Life of Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Ranee".
,8. Discipline of the Church of Rome respecting the general perusal of
the Scriptures. 9. Statutes enacted during the Reign of George III. for
the Relief of English and Irish Catholics. 10. Some Historical Minutes
respecting the Temporal Power of the Popes, the Separatists from the
Church of Rome before the Reformation, the Society of Jesus, and the
Guelphic Family.
50. Portrait, published with some of his works.
Butler, John, a captain in the King's army, was killed at
the battle of Marston Moor.
Lord Castlemain's Apology.
Butler, Richard, Esq., was the eldest son and heir of
Henry Butler, of Rawcliffe Hall, co. Lancaster, Esq., by his
first wife, Catherine, granddaughter and ultimately heiress of Sir
John Girlington, of Thurland Castle, Knt.
The Butlers were one of the most ancient families in
Lancashire, and the branch settled at Rawcliffe were descended
from Richard Pincerna, alias Boteler, son of Almeric Pincerna,
who had the whole of Out Rawcliffe, and one bovat of land in
Staynall, by the gift of Theobald Walter, Boteler of Ireland.
Cadets of this house established themselves at Kirkland,
Hackinsall, and other places between Preston and Lancaster,
all of which are now extinct. The Butlers of Rawcliffe
remained staunch to the faith, as indeed did all the junior
branches of the family, with the exception of that of Kirkland
Hall, which strayed in the seventeenth century.
When the Chevalier de St. George raised the standard in
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 365
1715, in a vain endeavour to wrest the throne of his ancestors
from the Hanoverian usurpers, Henry Butler of Rawcliffe, his
son Richard, with other members of the family, joined the
Stuart forces at Kirby, and marched with them to Lancaster,
Garstang, and Preston. At the battle fought at the latter town,
so disastrous to the cause of the Stuarts, Richard Butler was
taken prisoner, with many of his relatives, while his father
escaped to the Isle of Man.
The son was carried to London, and brought to trial, for
high treason, Jan. 4, 1716. It was proved that he had been
seen in the company of the Earl of Derwentwater, Lord
Widdrington, and among the volunteers in the churchyard at
the battle of Preston. The jury, without quitting their seats,
brought him in guilty, and he was condemned accordingly. He
was sent back to Newgate to await his execution, but he died
in prison, Jan. 16, 1716, before the sentence could be carried
out. He had married Mary, daughter of Henry Curwen, of
Workington, co. Cumberland, Esq., by whom he left a daughter
Catherine, his only child. The extensive estates of the Butlers
were forfeited to the Crown, but not without some effort being
made to save them for the family. Henry Butler's brother-in-
law, Alexander Butler, of Kirkland, Esq., who was a Protestant,
vainly put in a claim for the Rawcliffe estates, under a deed of
gift executed before Mr. Butler joined the Stuart forces ; and
Mr. Curwen, Richard Butler's father-in-law, likewise claimed
as trustee under some settlement, but was equally unsuccessful.
Rawcliffe Hall was sold by the Commissioners for Forfeited
Estates to Thomas Roe, Alexander Butler's attorney, whose
daughter and heiress carried it in marriage to John ffrance, of
Little Eccleston Hall, whose son, John ffrance, Esq., of Raw
cliffe and Little Eccleston, was the last real representative of
that branch of the ffrance family.
Catherine Butler, the only child of the unfortunate Richard,
inherited the Girlington estate of Thurland Castle, which she
carried in marriage to Edward Markham, of Ollarton, co. Notts,
Esq. She died under age and without issue, but Edward
Markham by a second wife had two daughters, Catherine, a
nun at Louvain, who died in the Convent at Kensington,
Feb. 28, 1821, and Mary, who carried the Thurland Castle
estate in marriage to Francis Tunstall, Esq., of Wycliff, co. York,
a descendant of the ancient lords of Thurland.
366 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
A junior branch of the Butlers of Rawcliffe resided in Preston, ,
and subsequently purchased Pleasington Hall, near Blackburn,
and are now represented by the Butler-Bowdens.
Forfeited Estates, P. 63, S. 54, P.R.O. ; Gillow, Lancashire
Recusants, MS.
Butler, Thomas, divine, proceeded B.A. in the University
of Cambridge in 1548, and according to Ant Wood was also
at Oxford, but it was probably in some foreign university that
he took the degree of doctor of the canon and civil laws. His
zeal for the faith obliged him to retire into voluntary banish
ment in the first year of Queen Elizabeth's reign, and he
chiefly resided at Rome with his great friend, Thomas Goldwell,
Bishop of St. Asaph, to whom he dedicated his treatise on the
Mass.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Cooper, Ath. Cantab.
i. A Treatise of the Holy Sacrifice of the Altar, called the
Masse ; In which by the Word of God, and Testimonies of the
Apostles and Primitive Church, it is proved that our Saviour
Jesus Christ did institute the Masse, and the Apostles did
celebrate the same. Translated from the Latin of Anthony
Possevin. Lovain, 1570. I2mo.
Another edition, Antwerp, 1570. Svo.
Butler, William, a lieutenant in the Royal army, was killed
at Newbury Fight during the Civil Wars. He was a member
of the Rawcliffe Hall family.
Castlcmain, Catk. Apology.
Butler, William, also a lieutenant in the King's army, was
killed at the battle of Newbury.
Castlcmain, CatJi. Apology.
Butler, William, Gent., of Myerscough House, Lancashire,
a cadet of the Rawcliffe Hall family, married Rosamond,
daughter of Thomas Longworth, of St. Michael's Hall, Esq. He
was engaged in the rising of 1715, was taken prisoner at
Preston, tried at Liverpool, and executed at Preston for his
loyalty to the Stuarts, Jan. 28, 1716.
Gillow, Lancashire Recusants, MS.
Butt, William Henry, schoolmaster, descended from a
Gloucestershire family, was with his brother, James Palmer
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 367
Butt, sent to the famous school established in Somers Town by
the French emigre priest, M. C. Abbe Carron, at the end of the
last century.
Both of them became Catholics and passed through their
higher studies at Stonyhurst College.
Another brother was father to Mr. Justice Butt, formerly
M.P. for Southampton, and now one of her Majesty's judges.
In 1823 Mr. William Henry Butt opened a classical
academy at Spring Terrace, Richmond, Surrey, and some five
years later, in partnership with his brother, Mr. J. P. Butt, he
removed to the large establishment of Baylis House, Salt Hill,
near Windsor, Bucks, and here soon after they were joined by
the Misses Adams, with their preparatory school for little boys,
who occupied premises contiguous to the higher school.
In 1835 Mr. W. H. Butt withdrew to Norwood, Surrey,
where he opened a select academy, the younger boys being
placed under the immediate care of Mrs. Butt, but he does not
appear to have continued this establishment very long.
Mr. James Palmer Butt remained at Baylis House School
until his death, May 2, 1873, aged 84, assisted in the manage
ment by his sons, the eldest of whom, James William Butt,
died June 19, 1861, aged 40, and another son died a priest at
Hammersmith, Sept. 27, 1854. The beautiful church of Brook
Green was projected, built, and completed (with the exception
of the spire) by the latter, who died soon after the opening,
and is buried in the chancel, with a fine brass to his memory
over his grave.
The present Bishop-Auxiliary of Southwark, the R. R. John
Butt, a third son, likewise for some time assisted in the school,
and subsequently for a short time engaged as junior master at
Sedgley Park School, previous to his ordination at St. Edmund's
College.
Baylis House has since been conducted on an extensive
scale with great success by a fourth son, James Butt, in partner
ship with his son William, and the preparatory school in con
nection with the establishment is under the management of the
Misses Butt.
Few private schools can record so long and so successful a
life as that of Baylis House.
Laity's and Catholic Directories; Gilloiv, Cath. Schools in
Eng. since the Reformation.
368 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Button, Richard, D.D., alias Williamson, was at the
English College at Rome, in 1596, being then a priest, and his
name is in the list of those who took part in the disturbances,
attached to Cardinal Sega's report of that year. He was sent
to the English mission, and soon afterwards was apprehended
and consigned to the prison at Wisbeach.
His signature appears to the Appeal of the thirty-three
clergymen against the Archpriest Blackwell, dated from
Wisbeach, Nov. 17, 1600. Subsequently, Tan. 31, 1603, he
was one of the thirteen missioners who made the Protestation
of Allegiance to Queen Elizabeth.
He remained for many years on the mission, chiefly residing
in Staffordshire, where he was living in 1635, aged 70.
Dodd y CJi. Hist. ; Tierncys Dodd, vol. iii. ; Foley, Records S.J. r
Roman Diary.
i. A learned Discourse concerning Abbey Lands. MS. appa
rently at Douay College in Dodd's time.
Buxton, Christopher, priest, martyr, was a native of
Derbyshire, and was one of the scholars of the martyr, Nicholas
Garlick, then master of the grammar school founded by Bishop
Pursglove, at Tideswell, in the Peak, not very far from Buxton,
from which no doubt his family derived its name. Under the
guidance of this holy man, Mr. Buxton proceeded to the
English College at Rheims, where he remained for a short
time, and received minor Orders in 1583.
In April of the following year he was admitted into the
English College, Rome, being then twenty-two years of age,
and in 1586 he was ordained priest. He left Rome for the
English mission in April, 1587, but was seized soon after his
arrival, and was condemned to death for coming into England,
being a priest, and remaining in the country contrary to the
statute. He was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Canterbury,
with two other priests, Robert Wilcox and Edward Campian,
Oct. i, 1588. Being so young it was thought that his con
stancy might be shaken with the sight of the barbarous
butchery of his companions, and his life was offered him if he
would conform to the Protestant religion, but he courageously
answered that he would not purchase a corruptible life at such
a rate, and that if he had a hundred lives he would willingly
surrender them all in defence of his faith.
Challoner, Memoirs ; Foley y Records S.J., Roman Diary.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 369
Cade, Laurence, or Caddy, a gentleman of good family,
was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, but does not
appear to have taken any degree. Becoming a Catholic, he
travelled to Douay, where he was for some time a scholar in
the English College, and returned to England about 1581.
His friends and relatives, who were wealthy and people of
position and influence, never ceased to attack him by threats
and promises until they had succeeded in bringing him back to
the Established Church, and, in 1581, though much against his
conscience, he publicly recanted at St. Paul's Cross and thus
obtained his liberty. It was not long, however, before he
repented of his weakness, and going over to Paris was recon
ciled to the Church in the house of the English Carmelites,
and published a recantation in favour of his last change, to
which he adhered for the remainder of his life.
He was very instrumental in moderating the fury of John
Nichols, who having also been a student at Rome, had prevari
cated, and not only published several scandalous libels against
the Catholics abroad, but was contriving to work all the mischief
he could by turning priest-catcher.
Dodd, Ck. Hist.; Cooper, A then. Cantab.; Douay Diaries.
i. Palinodia Laurentise Caddei, in Bridgwater's "Concert. Eccles.
Cath. in Anglia," 234, b.
Cadwallador, Roger, priest and martyr, who was com
monly known on the mission by the name of Rogers, was born
at Stretton, near Sugeres, or Sugwas, in Herefordshire. His
father was a yeoman, a man of substance, and Roger was his
eldest son and heir.
From his very childhood all his attention was devoted to the
service of God, and to his studies, in which he surpassed most
of his schoolfellows.
All efforts to induce him to embrace a worldly profession
proving vain, his father permitted him to proceed to the
English College at Rheirns, where he was ordained sub-deacon
in 1591, and deacon in the following year.
He was then sent to the recently established English College
at Valladolid, in Spain, where he finished his studies, was
ordained priest, and about the year 1594 came on the English
mission.
His labours \vere in his native county of Hereford, where
VOL. I. B B
37O BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
he deservedly gained the character of a pious, prudent, and
zealous missioner, remarkable for his success in making
converts, especially among the working classes, for whose
comfort and spiritual assistance he spared no pains, night or
day, usually performing his journeys on foot.
This apostolical life he continued for about sixteen years,
until his apprehension by James Prichard, the Under-Sheriff of
the county, at the house of a Catholic widow lady, Mrs. Wine-
fride Scroope, situated within eight miles of Hereford, on
Easter Sunday, i(?io.
He was first brought before the High Sheriff, and then
before the Bishop of the diocese, Robert Bennet, who seems to
have shown most indecent satisfaction at his apprehension.
After his examination by the Bishop, who was greatly dis
comfited by the prisoner's answers, he was committed to Here
ford Gaol, where he was loaded with shackles and bolts, inso
much that when he was to be removed from Hereford to the
gaol at Leominster, a boy was sent with him to hold up by a
cord the weight of some iron links which were attached to the
shackles, for he was forced, though feeble and weak, to make
the journey on foot.
His sufferings in prison are recorded with great minuteness,
but are too horrible to repeat. His health naturally broke
down, and yet even in this state the Bishop and his doctors
could not deny themselves an opportunity so advantageous for
a triumph, and he was accordingly carried before them for a
disputation. But they were again defeated. He was there
fore tried on account of his priestly character, nothing else
being laid to his charge, and he was condemned to death.
The long-desired day came at last ; he was brought from
his prison at Leominster, laid upon a hurdle and drawn to the
place of execution, where he was hanged, and butchered while
yet alive, Aug. 27, 1610, aged 43.
His rare genius is noticed by Dr. Pitts, who says that he was
deeply versed in Greek, and displayed great ability in controversy.
CkalloneT) Memoirs ; Pitscns, De Illus. A nglics Scriptoribus.
1. Philotheus, or the Lives of the Fathers of the Syrian Deserts,
by Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrus. Translated from the Greek.
Printed and published.
2. He was also engaged in controversy, and left behind him some
correspondence.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 3/1
Cadyman, Sir Thomas, M.D., was a native of Norfolk,
and was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he
proceeded B.A. 1605-6, and M.A. in 1609. He graduated
Doctor of Medicine at Padua, in March, 1620, and, on his return
to England, passed his examinations before the Censors of the
College of Physicians, in May and June, 1623. At the
Comitia Majora of June 25, in that year, he was ordered to get
incorporated at one of our own Universities. Whether he was so
or not does not appear. For some unexplained reason, but
no doubt on account of his religion, his admission to the
College was postponed for more than seven years. Gee refers
to him in his catalogue of Popish physicians in and about the
City of London, in 1623, as " D. Cademan, a faire-conditioned
man, some time of Trinity Colledge in Cambridge." Three
years later he was living in Fetter Lane, and was returned to
the Parliamentary Commissioners by the College as a " Papist,"
and in the list of 1628 he appears with many others as "nee
permissu nee solventes." On Dec. 3, 1630, he was admitted a
Licentiate, and within three weeks from that time, namely,
Dec. 22, being then Physician-in-Ordinary to Queen Henrietta
Maria, he was admitted a Fellow of the College of Physicians.
He was appointed Anatomy Lecturer in 1649, but Hamey,
who was probably influenced by religious animosity, states that
he performed the duties of that office in a manner neither
creditable to himself nor worthy of the College. He, however,
became an Elect, May 25, 1650, and died May 2, 1651.
Munk, Roll of the Royal College of Physicians ; Gee, Foot out
of the Snare.
1. The Earle of Bedford's Passage to the Highest Court of
Parliament, May 9, 1641 .... observed by his Lordship's
Physician, Doctor Cademan. Lond. 1641. 410.
2. The Distiller of London, &c. Examined and corrected by
T. de Mayerne and Thomas Cademan. Lond. 1639, fl- ; 1641-52.
3. De Signis Morborum tractatus: Opus posthumum cura
Thomse Clargicii.
Ded. to Oueen Henrietta Maria.
Caestryck, Charles Benedict, O.P., S. Th. Prses.,was
a younger son of Petrus Jacobus Caestryck, and his wife, Anna
Teresa Ecuwart, and was born at Poperinghe, near Ypres,
Feb. 9, 1762. He was educated by the Jesuits, but joined the
Dominicans at Ypres, where he was professed in 1785. On
B B 2
372 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
the dispersion of his community by the French, he, in 1792,
went to the English Dominican Convent at Bornhem ; but
when this was likewise broken up, in 1794, he fled into
England. For some time he resided with private families in
London, and then went to the College the community had
opened at Carshalton, Surrey, in 1801, and was sent to
Woburn Lodge in the following year. He also casually served
the mission at Cheam.
He was not formally incorporated with the English Province
until 1814, Avhen he was removed to Leicester, and for a
twelvemonth from July, 1816, was Novice-Master at the Priory
at Hinckley, supplying the mission at Leicester at the same
time. In I 8 1 7 he built the church of Holy Cross, Leicester,
and some years later added a house. He went to Hartpury
Court, in 1831, as chaplain to the nuns, whom he accompanied
to their new Convent at Atherstone, Warwickshire, in 1839.
Two years later he retired to the Priory at Hinckley, where
he died June 2, 1844, aged 83, and was buried in the church
at Leicester.
Palmer, Obit. Notices of tJic Eng. Dominicans.
1. Morning and Evening Prayers for Sundays, consisting of
1. Prayers before Mass. 2. A Method or Exercise for assisting
at the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, according to the four great ends
of the Sacrifice. 3. Vespers or Afternoon Service. 4. Evening
Prayers. The whole as performed throughout the year in
Holy Cross Chapel, Leicester. Leicester, N.D. i2mo., pp. 97.
2. Three Sermons upon the Sacrament; in which Transub-
stantiation is impartially considered 1, as to reason; 2, as to
Scripture; 3, as to tradition. The first preached before the
King at Whitehall, June 14, 1688; the second before their
Majesties at Windsor, Aug. 26, 1688 ; and the third before the
King at Worcester, 1688. By Silvester Jenks, Preacher-in-
Ordinary to their Majesties. Edited by Fr. Caestryck, Leicester, N.D.
Svo., pp. 37.
3. A familiar and interesting Discourse on the Spirit and
Practice of the Virtue of Christian Penance, together with its
obligation and necessity. Delivered to a Catholic Congregation
on the first Sunday in Lent. Leicester, 1826. Svo., pp. 9.
4. Portrait, both lithograph and oleograph. A good painting is pre
served in the Dominican Convent at Carisbrook.
Calderbank, James, O.S.B., was born at Liverpool, in
1770, and was professed at St. Laurence's Monastery, Dieul-
ward, in 1792. When the College was seized by the revolu-
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 373
tionists he escaped to Treves, where he was ordained priest in
1793. He accompanied the refugees from St. Laurence's in
their wanderings and temporary settlements at Acton Burnell,
Birkenhead, Parbold, and Vernon Hall.
In 1800 he was sent on the mission at Bath, as assistant to
Fr. Ainsworth, and remained there until 1805, when he went
to Weston, Bucks, for about a year. From 1806 to 1808 he
was stationed in London, and in the latter year was appointed
to St. Peter's, Liverpool. Here he remained till i 809, and then
returned to Bath, and succeeded, on the death of Fr. Ains
worth, in 1814, as head of that mission. So he continued
until 1817, and, from that year to 1819, was at Crosby, in
Lancashire, removing to Woolton in the latter year, where he
died April 9, 1821, and was buried at St. Peter's, Liverpool.
He held the title of Cathedral Prior of Peterborough in 1810.
Snow, Bened. Necrology ; Oliver, Collections.
i. Observations, in a Series of Letters, in Answer to certain
Questions relating to various Subjects of Religion proposed by
a Clergyman of the Established Church, to a Catholic Convert.
Bath, 1814. Svo., pp. 236.
Dr. Oliver remarks that they are characterized by good sense, perspicuity
and moderation, and do credit to his heart and understanding.
Caldwell, John, alias Fenwick, Father S.J., martyr, was
a native of Durham, born in 1628 of Protestant parents, but
converted to the faith after he had arrived at mature age, in
consequence of which he was disowned by his family.
He proceeded to St. Omer's College, where he made his
humanity studies, and entered the Society at Watten in 1656.
After he was ordained priest he spent several years from
1662 as Procurator at St. Omer's College, and was sent to
England in 1676, where he resided in London still as Pro
curator for his college.
He was marked out as a special victim for sacrifice in the
Gates Plot persecution, and was seized in the dead of the night,
with his fellow-martyr, Fr. William Ireland, committed to
Newgate, and after a long incarceration was arraigned for high
treason with that Father.
But the evidence was insufficient to convict him. He was
therefore remanded back to prison and re-arraigned with the
four Fathers, Whitbread, Barrow, Turner, and Gawen, convicted,
3/4 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
though pleading his former acquittal, and suffered with them at
Tyburn, June 20-30, 1679, aged 51.
During his imprisonment he suffered so much from his
chains and bolts, that it was once under the doctor's delibera
tion whether or not his leg should be amputated.
His remains were interred in the churchyard of St. Giles'-
in-the-Fields.
Folcy, Records S.J., Collectanea ; Oliver, Collectanea S.J.
1. The Tryals and Condemnation, &c., of the Five Jesuits,
vide Fr. Will. Barrow.
2. Portrait, R. P. Joannes Fenwickus Soc. Jesu Sacerdos.
Fidei odio Suspensus et dissectus ad Tibourn prop6 Londinum
20-30 Junii, 1679. Martin Bouche, sc., Antverpiae, sm. 410., in Fr.
Mat. Tanner's "Brevis Relatio," Prague, 1683.
Calvert, George, Lord Baltimore, was born at Kipling,
in the chapelry of Bolton, in Yorkshire, about 1582, and was
the son of Leonard Calvert, and Alice, his wife, daughter of
John Crossland, of Crossland, Esq., who was returned as
a recusant in 1604. The family was said to be descended
from the ancient and noble house of Calvert, in the Earldom
of Flanders. He was educated in Trinity College, Oxford,
where he was admitted a gentleman commoner in 1593, at the
age of fifteen, and in Feb. 1597, took the degree of B.A. He
afterwards went abroad and greatly improved himself. On his
return he was appointed Under-Secretary to Sir Robert
Cecil, Chief Secretary of State to James I., who retained him
in his service when he was raised to the office of Lord High
Treasurer.
When James I. was entertained by the University of Oxford,
in Aug. 1605, Calvert was created M.A., and was afterwards
made one of the clerks of the Privy Council. On Sept. 29,
1617, he received the honour of knighthood, and in Feb. 1619,
he was appointed to be one of the principal Secretaries of State.
Thinking the Duke of Buckingham had been the chief
instrument of his preferment, he presented him with a jewel of
great value, but the Duke returned it, acknowledging he had no
hand in his advancement, and that his Majesty alone had made
choice of him on account of his great abilities. In May, 1620,
the king granted him a yearly pension of ^"1,000 out of the
customs.
After holding the seals about five years, he resigned them in
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 375
1624, frankly owning to the king that he had become a
Catholic. The king nevertheless retained him as a Privy
Councillor during the remainder of his reign, and in Feb. 1625,
created him (by the name of Sir George Calvert of Danby
Wiske, in Yorkshire, Knight) Baron of Baltimore, co. Longford,
in Ireland. He was at that time a representative in Parliament
for the University of Oxford.
While Secretary of State, in recognition of some geographical
discoveries in America, he had obtained a patent for himself,
and his heirs, to be absolute lord and proprietor (with the
royalties of a Count-palatine) of the province of Avalon, in
Newfoundland. He gave it this name from Avalon, in
Somersetshire, the site of Glastonbury Abbey, the first-fruits of
Christianity in Britain, as the other was in that part of
America. Finding this settlement very much exposed to the
ravages of the French, he at last determined to abandon it.
He then went to Virginia, and having viewed the neighbouring
country, returned to England, and obtained from Charles I. a
patent to himself and his heirs for the tract of country, on the
north of Virginia, which he named Maryland. He, however,
died April 15, 1632, before the grant was made out, but his
son, Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore, who had been in Virginia,
took it out in his own name, and the patent bears date June 20,
of that year. He was to hold it of the Crown of England in
common socage, as of the manor of Windsor, paying yearly,
on Easter Tuesday, two Indian arrows at the Castle of
Windsor, and the fifth part of the gold and silver ore that
should be found in Maryland. The capital of Maryland was
subsequently named after his title.
Lord Baltimore was an able statesman, and an enemy to
flattery, selfishness, and other vices too common to statesmen at
that period. He was an assiduous worker, and his opinions
were held in great respect by those with whom he came
in contact. He was buried in St. Dunstan's chancel, in Fleet
Street.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Wood, A then. Oxon.; Rose, Biog. Dict.'>
Peacock, Rom. Catholics, Co. York, 1604.
1. Carmen funebre in D. Hen. Untonum ad Gallos bis
Legatum, ibique nuper fato Functum. Lond. 1 596. 4to.
2. Speeches in Parliament.
3. Various Letters of State.
3/6 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
4. An Account of Maryland.
5. The Answer of Tom Tell-Truth. The Practice of Princes
and the Lamentations of the Kirk. Lond. (Feb. 25) 1642. 410.
6. Babylon's Fall in Maryland : a fair warning to Lord Baltamore ; or, a
Relation of an Assault made by divers Papists, and Popish officers of the Lord
Baltamore's against the Protestants in Maryland. (Providence?) 1655. 410.
7. Discourse on the Life and Character of George Calvert,
first Baron Baltimore. Maryland Hist. Soc., Baltimore, 1845, 8vo. ;
Philadelphia, Hist. Soc. of Pennsylvania (1852), 8vo., by J. P. Kennedy.
Campden, Augusta Mary Catharine, Viscountess, was
the eldest daughter of Robert Berkeley, of Spetchley, Esq.,
and his wife, the Lady Catharine, daughter of the Earl of
Kenmare. She married, March 9, 1876, Charles William
Francis Noel, Viscount Campden, subsequently third Earl of
Gainsborough, and died in October of the following year, 1877,
aged 25.
She was educated at the Dominican Convent, Stone, under
the venerated Mother Margaret Hallahan.
Biirkc, Peerage.
i. In Memoriam. Sermon preached in substance at the
Solemn Requeim Mass on the occasion of the month's mind of
Augusta, Viscountess Campden, in the Chapel of St. Thomas of
Canterbury, Exton, Dec. 4, 1877. By the Rev. F. F. Jones,
Chaplain to R. Berkeley, Esq. Lond. 1878. 8vo., pp. 24.
Campian, Edward, priest and martyr, was born in Kent,
of a gentleman's family, and studied at Douay College during
its residence at Rheims, where he was ordained priest and sent
to the English mission in 1587.
His apprehension soon followed, and he was arraigned and
condemned to death merely on account of being a priest and
exercising his duties in England contrary to the unjust laws of
that period. Accordingly he was hanged, bowelled, and quar
tered at Canterbury, Oct. I, 1588.
He exhibited great courage and cheerfulness at his execu
tion, which Raissius thought was in September.
Challoner, Memoirs.
Campion, Edmund, Father S.J., the protomartyr of
the English Jesuits, was born in London on St. Paul's Day,
Jan. 25, 1539-40, the thirtieth year of Henry VIII. : a year
marked by the suppression of the great religious houses in
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 3/7
England, and the inauguration of a persecution of which, forty
years after, Campion was to be a victim, as well as by the
solemn Papal approval of the Society of Jesus, of which,
perhaps, he was to be its most remarkable ornament.
His father, Edmund Campion, was a citizen and bookseller
of London, and though not wealthy, had a reputation for
honesty, and was, says Fr. Persons, a Catholic.
When he was about nine or ten years of age, his parents
wished to apprentice him to a merchant, but some members
of one of the London Companies probably the Grocers
having become acquainted with the " sharp and pregnant wit "
that he had shown from his childhood, induced their guild to
undertake the expense of his education.
Accordingly he was first sent to some London grammar-
school, and afterwards to the new foundation at Christ Church,
Newgate Street, or the Bluecoat School. Here he carried off
all the principal prizes, and his " championship " was acknow
ledged in the common concursus which existed at this period
among the London grammar-schools ; so that when Queen
Mary, on her solemn entry into London, Aug. 3, 1553, had to
pass by St. Paul's School, it was none of the " Paul's pigeons"
that was selected to address her, but Campion, as the represen
tative of London scholarship, was brought from Newgate Street
to make the requisite harangue.
When Sir Thomas White founded St. John's College, Oxford,
the Grocers' Company dealt with him to admit this youth as a
scholar. The Company gave him an exhibition for his main
tenance, and in 1557, when the college was increased, Campion
became junior Fellow, for the founder had conceived a special
affection for him, and he had in very short time become widely
known for his wit, and especially for graceful speech and gift of
eloquence, in which he was thought to have no compeer.
In Nov. 1558, Queen Mary and Cardinal Pole died, and
Elizabeth succeeded to the throne, set up chiefly by the forward
ness and forces of the Catholic nobility and people, who at that
day were without comparison the stronger party, but were
content to act thus, partly in the hope of Elizabeth continuing
in the Catholic religion, of which she had made much demon
stration while her sister lived, and partly through certain
politic persuasion that this was the least evil, the best way to
preserve peace, and exclude a foreign succession to the crown.
37 8 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
But within a few weeks the new Queen had forbidden the Host
to be elevated in her presence, had chidden her preachers for
their doctrine, and had excited such suspicion that a Bishop
could hardly be procured to crown her. After her coronation
she entirely threw off the mask : by a packed party in the
"beardless parliament," a majority of one voice in the House
of Lords, from which by threats and cajolery she had caused
the chief Catholic nobles to absent themselves, against the
unanimous decision of the Bishops and the expressed wishes
of Convocation, she substituted the Anglican Establishment for
the Catholic Church.
But it was a long time before the law written on paper
became transfused into the habits and life of the English ; the
utmost address and ingenuity, the most imperturbable patience,
were requisite to enforce it step by step, first in one place,
then in another, upon the divided and isolated population of
the country.
The change was not immediately felt at Oxford, especially
by the undergraduates ; the authorities did not want to make
Oxford a desert by forcing too many consciences ; no oath was
required of Campion till he took his degree in I 564.
In that year he was Orator in the schools, delivering one or
more most admirable orations, to the envy of his contempo
raries.
After he had taken his degree he had hosts of pupils, who
followed not only his teaching but his example, and imitated
not only his phrases but even his gait ; and he filled Oxford
with " Campionists."
St. John's College was at that time a nursery for Catholics,
and it remained so until after the death of its founder, Sir
Thomas White, in 1564, when Campion pronounced his funeral
oration in Latin before the members of the University.
Previous to this, in 1560, he had made his first public orato
rical display at Oxford at the re-burial of poor Amy Robsart,
Robert Dudley's murdered wife. The next great occasion of
Campion's oratorical triumphs was in 1566, during the Queen's
visit to the University, when she expressed her admiration of
his eloquence, and commended him particularly to Lord Robert
Dudley, shortly afterwards created Earl of Leicester, who
willingly undertook to patronize the scholar, and for four years
from this time showed him no little kindness.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 379
On the whole, in 1564, Campion was the most popular man
in Oxford, where no one envied his triumphs. He did not
reside long enough to take his doctor's degree, but he was
made Proctor and Public Orator, the highest posts compatible
with his standing.
Campion had access to Leicester's ante-room whenever he
pleased, and here perhaps he met with Richard Cheney, Bishop
of Gloucester, an acquaintance which soon ripened into the
closest intimacy and affection.
Yielding half reluctantly to the Bishop's persuasions, Campion
suffered himself to be ordained deacon, so as to be capable of
preferment, and to be able to preach.
As soon as he was ordained, troubles began to beset him.
Rumours of his heterodoxy reached the Grocers' Company,
from which he still held his exhibition, and, in 1568, they
began to question him.
They demanded that he should come and preach at Paul's
Cross, London, in favour of the established religion, threatening
that his exhibition should cease in default.
Campion disliked the ordeal proposed, and ultimately resigned
his exhibition.
But he was soon to make a still more important resignation.
Soon after his ordination he began to feel extraordinary mental
anguish : his orders appeared " disorders," whose only cure
was Catholicism.
His friend Gregory Martin, who like himself was a man of
mark of extraordinary modesty and moderation, the Hebraist,
the Grecian, the poet, the honour and glory of St. John's
College had joined Dr. Allen at Douay, and before he left
had written to Campion warning him against the ambition
that was leading him astray, and begging him to follow his
example.
Thus driven and thus drawn, Campion left Oxford, on the
Feast of St. Peter in Chains, Aug. I, 1569, on the termination
of his proctorial office, of which he rendered an account in the
usual Latin oration.
When he left Oxford, it was not because he was weary of
a University life, but because the opposition to his way of
thinking was becoming too strong, and at the same time
because he thought he saw an opening for a wider career in
Dublin. The new religion was daily gaining ground at the
3 SO BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
English University, the whole machinery of which was in the
hands of men who were both able and desirous to make it the
stronghold of the rising Puritanism. But at Dublin the old
University, which had been discontinued, was to be begun
anew, and a motion had been made in the parliamentary
session of 1570 to erect it again. The chief mover in this
restoration was the Recorder of Dublin and Speaker of the
House of Commons, James Stanihurst, the father of one of
Campion's pupils, and at that time a zealous Catholic.
The career, which the constant supervision of the Privy
Council, and the puritanical zeal of such men as Horn
and Tobie Mathew, were fast closing against Campion at
Oxford, seemed to him to be opening with better auspices at
Dublin.
Thither, therefore, with the approbation of his patron, the
Earl of Leicester, he betook himself, in company with his
pupil, Richard Stanihurst, and arrived in 1570.
Here he employed himself partly " in exercises of learning
with Richard Stanihurst, and in controversies against the here
tics of that time/' and partly in setting forth his ideal of what
a University education should be ; and it was here he wrote his
classical discourse, " De Homine Academico."
Campion had hoped to become a pioneer of Irish " civility "
in the new University at Dublin ; but the scheme failed.
Though not then received into the Church, he was suspected to
be a Papist, and only saved from arrest through the protection
of Sidney, the Governor.
After his educational projects were finally nipped by the
departure of Sidney from Dublin, in March, 1571, Campion
had to devise some other method of accounting for his absence
from England. He therefore wrote a History of Ireland, but
he was not allowed to finish it in peace. Though not yet
reconciled to the Church, he lived openly as a Catholic, and it
was therefore resolved to apprehend him.
Campion, however, was warned, by a private message at mid
night, of the intention to seize him early the next morning, and
a refuge was procured for him at Turvey, eight miles from
Dublin. This was in March, 1571, N.S., and in the following
June he escaped over to England.
From London, after witnessing Dr. Storey's trial, Campion
determined to proceed at once to Douay, but in mid-channel
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 381
his ship was searched by an English cruiser, and he was carried
a prisoner to Dover.
He, however, managed to escape, succeeded in getting over
to Calais without further molestation, and at once proceeded to
Douay College, where he was warmly received by Dr. Allen and
Gregory Martin.
During the time that Campion spent at Douay, he completed
his course of scholastic theology, took the degree of Bachelor
of Divinity, received minor Orders, and was ordained sub-
deacon. He was also employed as a Professor in the College.
After spending more than a year at Douay, he determined
to make a pilgrimage to SS. Peter and Paul at Rome, and to
become a Jesuit.
Campion arrived at Rome in the autumn of 1572, and in
the following year was admitted into the Society of Jesus, but
as there was then no English " nation " in the Society, he was
attached to the Austrian Province. He soon afterwards pro
ceeded to Vienna, and was immediately sent from there to
Prague, where the novitiate then was.
Here his residence was of very short duration, for within two
months of his arrival the novitiate, into which he had not yet
made his formal entrance, was removed to Bru'nn in Moravia,
where he spent the year of his probation.
In 1574 he returned to Prague, where he was made Professor
of Rhetoric and was loaded with many other offices. He was
ordained deacon and priest in i 577, and was made Professor of
Philosophy.
At length, in 1580, he was summoned to Rome, for Dr.
Allen had succeeded in obtaining the assistance of the Jesuits
in the English mission, and it was determined by their
General to send two Fathers, Persons and Campion, as the first
missionaries.
After a few days spent in Rome, the two Fathers left it in
company with several other secular missionaries, and, after
many adventures calling at the Colleges at Rheims and St.
Omer on their way they ultimately arrived in England, by
various routes, Campion landing at Dover, June 25, 1580.
His course was a short one. After preaching with mar
vellous success in London and through various counties in
England, even so far north as Lancashire and Yorkshire, and
writing his famous " Challenge " and his " Decem Rationes," he
382 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
was betrayed, in July, 1581, by an apostate named Eliot, while
on a passing visit to Mrs. Yate, at Lyford, Berks, whose husband
was a prisoner for religion in London.
The moated grange at Lyford was an attractive place for a
Catholic priest. Mrs. Yate had under her protection eight
Brigittine nuns, who had migrated into Belgium at the beginning
of Elizabeth's reign, but had been compelled by the tumults in
the Low Countries to return, and were committed by the Queen
to the custody of various persons, where they suffered many
miseries, till some gentlemen, in pity for them, begged the
Oueen to transfer their custody to them. Mr. Yate had for
several years lodged eight of them in his house, and his widowed
mother had joined their community. It was natural that they
should desire to see and hear Fr. Campion, and many Catholics
who were accustomed to meet at the house were anxious to hear
him preach.
The house was surrounded with pursuivants, and though its
walls were pierced in every direction with galleries and hiding
holes, Campion, with two priests, Ford and Colleton, were
ultimately discovered in a little close cell excavated in the wall
above the gateway, lying side by side on a narrow bed, their
faces and hands raised towards heaven.
At the same time were apprehended seven gentlemen and
two yeomen, and orders were received from the Council that
they should be sent under a strong guard to London.
While in Berkshire the Sheriff treated them like gentlemen,
but as they approached the metropolis the cue was to render
them ridiculous ; they were to have their elbows tied behind
them, their hands in front, and their legs under their horses'
bellies.
Campion, who had to ride first in this mock triumph, was to
be further decorated in the way that perjurers were marked in
those days, with a paper stuck in his hat, with his title written,
Campion, the seditious Jesuit. They were thus paraded through
the whole length of the city, on Saturday, July 22, espe
cially through the places where, by reason of the markets of
that day, the greatest concourse of the common people was
assembled.
When the cavalcade reached the Cross in Cheapside (the
lower images of which had been defaced during the night of
June 2 1 by Puritans), Campion made a low reverence to the
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 383
cross, which still remained on the top, and crossed himself as
well as he could with his tied hands on the breast.
At last they reached the Tower, and were delivered over to
the custody of Sir Owen Hopton.
At first Campion was thrust into the Little-ease, a narrow
cell, in which the prisoners cannot stand or lie at length.
After four days he was taken before the Earl of Leicester,
the Earl of Bedford, and two Secretaries of State, where he was
treated with all honour and courtesy.
They pitied him, for they had known and admired him in
his youth at London and Oxford. They told him that they
found no fault with him, except that he was a Papist.
At the trial it came out that the Queen herself was present
at this interview, and offered him his life, his liberty, riches
and honours, if he would but conform.
On his return to the Tower, Hopton treated him with great
courtesy, and tried the method of argument and persuasion,
and promises of the Queen's favour, an ample pension, a place
at Court, or, if he liked it better, a rich benefice even the
Archbishopric of Canterbury. Reports were circulated that he
was about to renounce his religion ; the news flew, and grew
as it flew ; and Campion was at this moment the talk of all
England.
But all this had no effect upon him, and it speedily became
clear that there was no probability of succeeding by the new
method, and so the Council determined, after he had been just
a week in the Tower, to use him severely.
Cardinal Allen, in his " Apology for the Martyrs," notes as
one of the refinements of the English Council, that they tortured
the priests on Sundays or other great Catholic festivals.
Campion's first racking was either on Sunday, July 30, or the
next day, a great one even then to a Jesuit, as it was the
anniversary of St. Ignatius's death.
The most brutal rackings and tortures followed, at the very
thought of which nature shudders, and which rivalled those of
the early martyrs of the Church.
The reaction in the public mind against torture after this
period was decisive. Beale, the clerk of the Council, who had
himself been one of Campion's rackmasters, wrote, about 1585,
a vehement book against the ecclesiastical system, in which he
condemned, without any exception, all racking of offenders, as
384 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
cruel, barbarous, contrary to law and to English liberties.
Whitgift, the Archbishop of Canterbury, thought this con
demnation monstrous. The torture-chamber was one of the
institutions on which Anglicanism seemed to rely most securely.
At length, on Nov. 14, Campion was arraigned, with several
other priests, before the grand jury at Westminster Hall, and
pleading " not guilty," they were all returned to the prisons
from whence they came.
On Nov. 20, following, they were again brought to West
minster to be tried a day which proved to the world the sad
fall of equity, law, conscience, and justice, together with the
Catholic faith, in this country.
The prosecution was as unfairly conducted, and supported by
as slender evidence, as any, perhaps, that can be found on
record.
When the prisoners were at the bar, and the packed jury in
their box, the clerk of the Crown read the indictment for con
spiring to compass the overthrow and death of the Queen.
The Council had at first only proposed to indict Campion
for his infringement of the statutes in support of the Established
Church, but if he was to be hanged on such an indictment, they
could never clear themselves from the charge of putting him to
death for religion and not for treason. They therefore forged
a plot of so capacious a nature, that they determined on second
thoughts to include all the priests whom they then happened
to have in durance.
The indictment was clumsily constructed, and of course it
was impossible to prove such a tale, but the law officers of the
Crown were directed to obtain a conviction by any means that
might be necessary packing the jury, suborning false witnesses,
confounding all the cases into one, and general bullying and
unfairness in the conduct of the cause.
The pleadings took about three hours, and the jury consulted
for nearly an hour before they agreed on their verdict. The
greater part of the lawyers and gentlemen present thought an
acquittal was certain, but judges and jury had the Queen's
will plainly signified to them, through Popham, the Attorney-
General.
Edward Plowden, the famous lawyer, himself a Catholic, had
come with the rest to see the trial, but one of the judges, not
liking that he should report it, or even witness it, sent word to
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 385
him to leave the court. As he was himself in question for
religion, he thought it prudent to obey.
When the jury returned from their consultation, which was a
mere blind to put a decent veil on a foregone conclusion, they
pronounced all the prisoners to be guilty ; the most unjust
verdict, says an old writer, that ever was given in this land.
The Lord Chief Justice accordingly pronounced the sentence
that they be hanged, drawn, and quartered.
On Dec. i, 1581, Campion, Sherwin, and B riant were brought
from the Tower, and placed on two hurdles, tied to the tails of
two horses ; Sherwin and Briant were laid and bound on one,
Campion on the other. As they were dragged through the
gutters and filth, each hurdle was followed by a rabble of
ministers and fanatics, calling upon them by the way for their
subversion.
The procession took the usual route by Cheapside and Hoi-
born, under the arch of Newgate, which crossed the street where
the prison now stands, and so to the place of execution at
Tyburn, where the throng exceeded all that any one could
remember.
Here, with his two companions, Campion was hanged and
butchered according to the sentence, and died purely a martyr
for the faith.
All writers unite, whether Catholic or Protestant, in saying
that he was a man of rare abilities, upright in conscience and
of a sweet disposition. His eloquence was a power which
appears to have swayed all who listened to him, and as a
philosopher and disputant he displayed great depth and sound
judgment.
Simpson, Life of Edmund Campion.
1. Oration at the re-burial of Amy Robsart, Lord Robert Dudley's wife,
delivered at Oxford in 1560.
2. Orations delivered in Feb. 1564, while he was Orator in the schools at
Oxford.
3. Oration, in Latin, on Sir Thomas White, founder of St. John's College,
at his funeral at Oxford, 1564, MS. at Stonyhurst College.
4. De Homine Academico, a discourse written while he was in Dublin
in 1569, which has not survived in its original form, but is preserved in the
still more valuable shape of an oration, written when his views had been
corrected by his submission to the Church, and pronounced in the presence
of Dr. Allen, at Douay College, vide No. 7.
5. The History of Ireland, written in 1569. A MS. copy of it, dated
VOL. I. C C
386 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
1571, was given by Henry Duke of Norfolk, in 1678, to the library of the
Heralds' College, London (No. 37). It was first published by Richard
Stanihurst in Holinshed's Chronicles, 1586-7, then by Sir James Ware, Knt.,
in his " Hist, of Ireland," Dublin, 1633, fol.
Campion wrote this to account for his continued absence from England,
and only devoted ten weeks, in 1571, to its hasty composition, which, read by
the light of the circumstances under which it was conceived, is almost as much
a pamphlet to prove that education is the only means of taming the Irish as a
serious history.
The work is dedicated to his patron, Leicester, the Chancellor of his
University.
In this work is displayed an eloquence that succeeded beyond that of all
contemporary rivals in transfusing the vigour and polish of Cicero into a
language that was only struggling into form.
6. Narratio Divortii Henrici VIII., Kegis Anglise, ab Uxore et
ab Ecclesia ; written probably about 1569, first printed at p. 733 of
Harpesfield's Hist. Angl. Ecclesiastica, " Adjecta Narratione de Divortio
Henrici VIII., Regis ab Uxore Catherina et ab Ecclesia Romana Discessione,
scripta ab E. Campiano et edita a R. Gibbono," Duaci, 1622, fol.
7. De Juvene Academico, an oration pronounced at Douay College
during the time he was professor there in 1571-2, which is the same, without
any material alterations, as the oration referred to in No. 4, a kind of pencil
sketch of the University man, not intended merely for the lay ideal, but for
that of the ecclesiastical student. It is printed in his " Opuscula Omnia."
8. De Laudibus Scriptures Sacrse. Another oration pronounced at
Douay, of which only a part has been preserved in a very imperfect state.
9. Loci Communes Theologici. MS. fol. at Stonyhurst.
10. The "glorious panegyric" with which he opened the schools at
Prague when Professor of Rhetoric, Oct. 18, 1574; read at Prague by
Schmidl, 1747.
11. Chronologia TTniversalis, mentioned by Gregory Martin in the
verses on his life (Bridgewater, Concertatio).
12. The Sacrifice of Abraham, a play, written in 1577, in which the
pathos of Abraham's part was much admired (Varus, " Hist, of the College
of Prague," p. 190).
13. King Saul, a tragedy, written in 1577, which was exhibited at the
e'xpense of the town, with great magnificence, during the Prague fair, in
honour of Elizabeth, the widow of Charles IX. of France, who had then
returned to her family at Prague. The play lasted six hours, and was
repeated the next day, by command of the Emperor.
14. Tragsedia Ambrosiana, a drama exhibited in 1578. In after-
times some German admirer of the author prefixed a title to it, "Ambrosiana
Tragaedia, authore Beato Edmundo Campiano, Grasco, Latino, Poeta,
Oratore, Philosopho, Theologo, Virgine et Martyre." Epigrams were written,
complimenting the author on his mellifluous mouth, and on the nectar and
ambrosia which distilled from it. No trace of it can now be found among
the MSS. at Prague.
15. Letter to the Lords of the Council, 1580, not printed but circu-
culated extensively in MS. It was written without preparation, in less than
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 387
"half an hour, and in the hurry of a journey ; yet it was so "pithy in substance
and style" that it was a triumph to one party and poison to the other. It is
printed in Simpson's Campion, and is a triple challenge to the Council, the
Universities, and the legal profession, to give him audience to discourse of
religion so far as it touches the commonwealth, to prove the faith of the
Catholic Church, and to justify that faith by existing law.
This elicited from William Charke " An Answer to a seditious Pamphlet
lately cast abroad by a Jesuit, with a discovery of that blasphemous sect."
Lond. 1580, Svo. ; again 1581. It was he who, as a conqueror, on that
rainy December morning which ushered Campion to a better world, followed
his hurdle through the splash and mud, " with big looks, stern countenance,
proud words, and merciless behaviour ; fierce and violent upon God's saints
in death and torments, and pompous in gait and speech unto the people for
gathering or retaining some credit to his cause."
Another reply was by Meredith Hanmer, D.D., "The great Bragge and
Challenge of M. Champion a Jesuite, cofuted and answeared." Lond, 1581.410.
Both these books were at once confuted by Fr. Persons in his book,
"A brief Censure upon two books written in answer to M. Edmund Campion's
offer of disputation," Doway, John Lyon, 1581, i6mo. This was really printed
at Mr. Brooke's house near London, by Brinkley with his secret press.
Charke and Hanmer made separate replies to this Censure : "A Reply to
a Censure written against the two Answers to a Jesuit's seditious pamphlet, by
Wm. Charke," Lond. 1581, 8vo., and " The Jesuites' Banner ; displaying their
original and success ; their vow and oath ; their hypocrisy and superstitions ;
with a confutation of a late pamphlet secretly imprinted, and entituled
A brief Censure upon two books written in answer to M. Edmund Campion's
offer of disputation. Compiled by Meredith Hanmer, M.A." Lond. 1581. 4to.
Shortly after Campion's death Persons went over to France, and abode for
some time diguised as a merchant at Rouen, where, among other works, he
printed, "A Defence of the Censure given upon two books of William Charke
and Meredith Hanmer, ministers, which they wrote against M. Edmund
Campion, Priest of the Society of Jesus, and against his offer of disputation,'
1582, Svo. , pp. 173. The Censure is reprinted paragraph by paragraph, and
each is defended in detail.
A year elapsed before any notice was taken of this able rejoinder ; then
Charke published, ad interim, a portion of his reply, " An Answer for the
time unto that foul and wicked Defence of the Censure, that was given upon
M. Charke's book and Meredith Hanmer's." Lond. 1583. 4to., pp. 107.
After three years' more study, Charke gave to the world his completed
treatise, " A Treatise against the Defense of Censure given upon the Books
of Wm. Charke and Mer. Hanmer by an unknowne Popish Traytor in main
tenance of the seditious challenge of Edmund Campion, lately condemned
and executed for high treason. In which the reader shall wonder to see the
impudent falsehood of the Popish defender in abusing the names and writings
of the doctors old and new to blind the ignorant. Hereunto are adjoined two
treatises written by Dr. Fulke : the one against Allen's booke of the Authentic
of the Priesthode to remitte sinnes, &c. ; the other against the railing
declamation of P. Frarine." Cambridge, 1586. Three tracts with three title-
pages, pp. 359, 5 1, and 54.
C C 2
388 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
1 6. Decem Kationes, quibus fretus certamen Anglicanse
Ecclesise ministris obtutit in causa fidei Edmundus Campianus.
8vo., privately printed at a lodge in Stonor Park, near Henley, 1581 ; Romce,
1582, I2ino., pp. So.; Antverpice, 1582, 8vo., with Whitaker's Answer,
Ingoldstadii, 1584, I2mo., with an account of his life and martyrdom, by his
pupil, Robert Turner; Romas, 1584, 8vo., pp. 88 ; Herbipoli, 1589, I2mo. j
Lichaj Solomorum, 1601, 8vo., with Whitaker's Answer; Paris, 1601,
241710. ; Rorschachii, 1606, i6mo. ; Cadonii, 1616 ; Pragae, 1692, I2mo.
Col. Agripp., 1710, I2mo., under the title " Ouinquaginta Rationes et
Motiva .... authore Edmundo Campiano." The work is also printed in
the Concertatio Eccles. Cathol. in Anglia, 1583, 1588, and 1594; Tres
gravissimi perpetuae Cath. Fidei constantias testes, Tertullianus ....
Vicentius Liriniensis .... Edm. Campianus .... quibus accesit brevis-
auctoris Vita et Epistolae, Colon. 1594, 8vo. ; Rorschachii, 1608, 8vo., Colon.
1600, I2mo, without Tertullian ; Doctrinas Jesuitical praecipua capita, Rupellae,
1585, 8vo ; PiTescriptionum adv. Hereticos Tractat. viii. edit, a Johan.
Calvino, Moguntise, 1602, pp. 638 ; also in various editions of Campion's
Opuscula.
The translations were French: Paris, 1601, I2mo., 1612, 8vo.,
Trevoux et Paris, 1701, 121110., Paris, 1737, 8vo., 1743, 8vo., and in the Abbe"
Migne's Demonstrations Evangeliques ; German: Ingoldstadt, 1583, 410.,
Coin, 1600, I2mo. ; Flemish : Antwerpen, 1592, 8vo., Loven, s.a. ; Dutch :
Minister, 1646 and 1669 ; English : Lond. 1606 ; Polish : Wilna, 1584, trans,
by P. Skarga, Rokn, 1584; Campion Englished, or a Translation of the
Ten Reasons in which Edmund Campion inserted in his Challenge to the
Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, made by a Priest of the Catholike
and Roman Church, s.l. 1632, i6mp. ; Reasons of a Challenge sent to the
Universities of England in matters of religion, translated from the Latin
into English, Lond. 1687, 4to. ; An Appeal to the Members of the two
Universities, presenting Ten Reasons for renouncing the Protestant and
embracing the Catholic Religion, Lond. 1827, 8vo.
Aylmer, the Bishop of London, ordered the two Regius Professors of
Divinity at Oxford and Cambridge to answer this book. The Cambridge
divine, Whitaker, was the first to appear : " Responsio ad Rationes Edmundi
Campiani, quibus fretus," c., Lond. 1581, 8vo. The Oxford theologian
put out half his reply the next year : "Jesuitism! pars prima : sive de Praxi
Romanae Curias contra respublicas et principes, et de novo legatione Jesui-
tarum in Angliam," c., authore Laurentio Humfredo, Lond. 1582. 8vo.
The same year Fr. Drury, S.J., published his crushing " Responsionis
Gulielmi Whitakeri," Paris, 1582, 8vo., to which Whitaker rejoined with,
" Responsionis ad Decem Rationes, quibus, c. Defensio contra Confuta-
tionem Joannis Dursei, Scoti, presbyteri, Jesuitae." 1583. 4to.
Humphrey then published " Jesuitismi pars secunda. Puritano-Papismi ;
seu doctrinae Jesuitical aliquot rationibus ab Edm. Campiano comprehensae,
et a Joanne Duraao defensae, confutatio, et ex iisdem fundamentis reformats
religionis assertio." Lond. 1584. 4to.
Here this particular controversy seems to have ended for the time, so far
as England is concerned. Nearly a quarter of a century after, however, it
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 389
revived for a moment: "Answer to Campion, the Jesuit. Reply to the
defence of him by John Dimeus the Scot." By R. Stocke, Lond. 1606.
However, out of this controversy the discussions of Campion in the
Tower took their rise ; and reports of these were immediately dispersed by
the Catholics, " partly in print, but in written pamphlets much more." It is
questionable if anything has been preserved of the printed reports. A MS.
report of the first day's conference was in the library of the English College,
Rome, and extracts of it are given by Bombinus ; also among the Harleian
MSS. (Brit. Mus., No. 422) are reports of the other three days' conferences
(one in duplicate), in the handwriting of Vallenger, found by Topcliffe, the
priest-catcher, in the house of William Carter the printer (hanged in 1584),
and given to Fox the Martyrologist, among whose papers they are now to be
found. Alban Butler, in a MS. account of the writers of the English
College of Douay, now at Brussels (Royal Lib., MS. No. 15,594), enumerates
among Ralph Shenvin's writings one of these reports : Collatio inter haere-
ticos et Campianum in Turri Londinensi habita. Disputationes in castro
Wisbecensi inter Fulkum ministrum et Catholicos.
It was not till Jan. i, 1583-4, that the Protestant disputants published
their report of these conferences, a single vol. in parts, with separate titles :
(i.) "A true Report of the Disputation, or rather private Conference, had
in the Tower of London with Ed. Campion, Jesuit, the last of August, 1581.
Set down by the reverend learned men themselves that dealt therein" (Nowell
and Day), Lond. Jan. i, 1583, 4to.
(2.) " The three last days' Conferences had in the Tower with Edmund
Campion, Jesuit, the 18, 23, and 27 of September, 1581. Collected and faith-
fully set down by M. John Feilde, student in divinity. Now perused by the
learned men themselves, and thought meet to be published. Jan. i, 1583."
This second part seems to have been struck off by itself. In the Faculty
of Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, vol. ii. 1776, p. 172, is the following
entry : Feilde (John), True Report of the whole substance of the Conference
had in the Tower of London between Wm. Charke, Wm. Fulke, Roger
Goade, Dr. Walker, and Edward (sic) Campion the Jesuit, on the 18, 23
.and 27 of Sept. 1581. Lond. 1583. 4to.
17. Ednnmdi Campiani Orationes Epistolae, &c. Ingolstadii,
1602, Svo. Edited by Robert Turner.
"Edmundi Campiani Opuscula omnia, nunc primum e MS. edita," Paris,
1618, i6mo., pp. 476, with Life, 100 pp., trans, from the Italian by R.
Turner ; Pisa, 1618 ; Mantua?, 1620, sm. Svo, with Life, autore Paulo
Bombino ex eadem Soc. ; reprint of Paris edition, Mussiponti, 1622, i6mo.,
pp. 476 ; Mediolani, 1625, i6mo. ; Edm. Campiani Decem Rationes, et alia
opuscula ejus selecta, auction editione, Antwerp. 1631, I2mo., pp. 460. The
last is the more ample and correct edition, by P. Silvester, Petra-Sancta. It
contains Decem Rationes (1581); Narratio Divortii (1569?); Oratio in
funere Maria? Cardonse ; Oratio de laudibus Scripture S. ; Oratio habita
Oxonii coram Regina Eliz. ; Epistolas Henrico Vaux, Oxon., July 28, 1570;
Richardo Stanihurst, Oxford, Dec. I, 1570; Jacobo Stanihurst, Turvey,
March 20, 1571 ; Richardo Stanihurst, same date; Richardo Cheney, Ep.
Gloucest., Nov. I, 1571 ; Novitiis S.J., Brunas, Feb. 20, 1577 ; Gregorio
Martino, July 10, 1577 ; eidem, July 17, 1579 ; cuidam Patri S.J., April 30,
390 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
1580; P. Everardo Mercuriano S.J., propos gen., Nov. 1581 ; Tractatus de
Imitatione Rhetorica, 1574. Another edition, Viennas Austria?, 1676, I2mo.
1 8. Mr. Campion, the seditious Jesuit, is welcome to London.
Printed by Rich. Jones, 1581. A similar squib appeared entitled " Randall
Hurlstone : News from Rome concerning the blasphemous sacrifice of
Papistical Masse ; with divers other treatises, very godly and profitable,"
Canterbury, imprinted by John Mychell for E. Churton (f.e. Campion) the
Jesuit, n.d. i6mo.
19. A breefe Discourse of the taking Edmund Campion and
divers other Papists in Barkshire: gathered by A. M. (Anthony
Munday). Lond. 1581. Svo.
This pamphlet called forth a contradiction from George Eliot, the
betrayer : " A very true Report of the apprehension and taking of that arch-
papist Edmund Campion, the Pope his right hand, with three other lewd
Jesuit-priests, and divers other lay people, most seditious persons of like sort.
Containing also a controulment of a most untrue former book set out by
A(nthony) M(unday) concerning the same, as is to be proved and justified
by Geo. Ellyot, one of the ordinary yeomen of her Majesty's chamber,
author of this book, and chiefest cause of the finding of the said lewd and
seditious people." 1581. 8vo., 15 leaves.
20. An Advertisement and Defence for Truth against her
Backbiters, and specially against the whispering Favourers
and Colourers of Campion's, and the rest of his Confederats
Treasons. 1581. 4to., one sheet of four leaves, the last page blank. This
appears to have been read by Hearne, the schoolmaster, at the execution.
21. A Discovery of Edmund Campion and his Confederates,
their most horrible and traitorous practices against her Majesty's
most royal person and the realm. Whereunto is added the
Execution of Edmund Campion, Ralph Sherwin, and Alexander
Briant, executed at Tyburn, Dec. 1. Published by A(nthony)
M(unday), sometime the Pope's scholar. Lond. 1582, pp. 55. Re
printed in Holinshed's Chronicles, ad an. 1851.
This called forth a little book, edited probably by Pound, for printing
which Vallenger was condemned in the Star Chamber to lose his ears in
the pillory : " A Tine Report of the Death and Martyrdom of M. Campion,
Jesuite and Priest, and M. Sherwin and M. Bryan, Priests, at Tiborne,
Dec. i, 1581. Observed and written by a Catholic Priest which was present
thereat. Whereunto is annexed certain verses made by sundry persons."
i6mo., 26 leaves. The poets were probably Henry Walpole, Pound, and
Vallenger himself.
22. L'Histoire de la Mort que le R. P. Edmonde Campion,
Prestre de la Compagnie du nom de Jesus et autres ont souffert
en Angleterre pour la foy Catholique et Romaine, le premier
jour de Dec. 1681. Traduit d'Anglois et Francois. A Paris, 1582.
sm. 8vo., pp. 30.
Munday answered this and Pound's book together : " A brief Answer
made unto two seditious pamphlets ; the one printed in French, and the
other in English ; containing a defence of Edmund Campion and his com
plices, their most horrible and unnatural treasons against her Majesty and
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 391
the realm." By A(nthony) M(unday). Lond. 1582. sm. 8vo. It contains
some verses on Campion's death, written apparently by " rhyming Elderton,"
as the Catholics called him.
23. A particular Declaration or Testimony of the undutiful
and traitorous affection borne against her Majesty by E. Cam
pion, Jesuit, and other condemned Priests, witnessed by their
own Confessions ; in reproof of those slanderous books and
libels delivered out to the contrary by such as are maliciously
affected towards her Majesty and the State. Pub. by authority, 410.,
14 leaves. This was issued by the Council. It contains the extracts out of
Sanders, Allen, and Bristow that were submitted to Campion and his fellows,
and their answers. The paper is printed in Morgan's "Phoenix Britan-
nicus,"48i ; " State Trials," vol. i. pp. 1073, &c.
Then came the executions of the rest of those who were condemned with
Campion, and a number of works were written thereon.
24. Historia della Morte del R. P. Edm. Campiano della
Comp. di G-esu ed altri due che han patito in Inghilterra per la
fede Cattolica Romana il primo di Dicembre, 1581; tradotto
d'Inglese in Franchese, e di Franchese in Italiano. Milano, 1582.
Svo., 14 leaves.
25. Martirio del Reverendo P. Edm. Campiano della Comp. di
Gesu, patito in Inghilterra per la fede Cattolica di Roma, 1 Dec.
1581. Torino, 1582, 4to. ; another edit., Venezia, 1582.
26. Martyrium Edmundi Campiani qui cum duobus aliis
presbyteris in Anglia propter constantem Romanse et Catholicse
fidei Confessionem mortis supplicio affectus est, e Gallico in
Latinum versum per Gul. Estiiim. Lovanii, 1582. Svo.
27. Vita et Martyrium Edm. Campiani sui quondam prsecep-
toris, by Robert Turner, prefixed to an edit, of the " Decem Rationes."
Ingoldst. 1584. I2mo.
28. Historia de Morte Rev. P. Edm. Campiani Sac. de Soc.
Jesu, et aliorum qui in Anglia propter fidem Catholicam Apos-
tolicam atque Romanam crudelissimam passi sunt mortem.
Traducta ex sermone Gallico in Latinum, interprete Jacobo
Laingseo Scoto, Doctore Sorbonico (appended to the same author's
treatise, " De Vita et Mortibus Theodori Bezas"). Paris, 1585, pp. 30.
This was probably a translation of the Paris (1582) account ; which in
that case would be a report by an eyewitness. This would give three inde
pendent sources among the histories already enumerated Pound's True
Report, the Paris (1582), and Allen's compilation from the letters he received
out of England, published in the " Concertatio Eccles. Cathol."
29. Edmundi Campiani, eines Jesuites Leben und Leiden,
welcher zu London in seinem Vaterland, anno 1581, den 17 Julii,
gefanglich aiigenommen, nachmals den 1 Dec. gemartert worden.
Dilingen, 1588. I2mo.
From this time forth a long account of Campion occurs in all works that
profess to give a narrative either of English Catholic affairs, or of the
illustrious members of the Society of Jesus.
30. Edmund Campion. A Biography. By Richard Simpson.
39 2 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Lond. 1867. 8vo., pp. 387. A model biography; perhaps the most able
monograph of Catholic history. Unfortunately it has no index.
31. A fragment of a life of Campion by Fr. Persons is preserved in MS.
at Stonyhurst, ending about Nov. 1580, and written in 1594, very full and
satisfactory as far as it goes. A series of notes by the same hand, arranged
as heads or analyses of the chapters of a whole life, are also at Stonyhurst.
They are the Commentaria lent to Bombinus, which he follows implicitly,
even when Persons' memory failed him, and is therefore taxed with careless
ness by Bartoli.
32. Portrait, P. Edmundus Campiamis, qui primus e Soc. Jesu,
Londini, pro Fide Cath. Martyrium consummavit 1 Dec. 1581.
Sm. head, in a sheet of 24 heads, entitled " Effigies et Nomina quorundam
e Societate Jesu, qui pro Fide vel Pietate sunt intersecti, ab anno 1549 ad
annum 1607." Roma.
Canes, Vincent (John Baptist), O.S.F., born on the
borders of Nottingham and Leicestershire, was brought up
a Protestant. At the age of eighteen he was sent to the
University of Cambridge, where he remained two years.
Becoming a Catholic at the end of that period, he went over
to Douay, entered the English Franciscan Convent, and in
due time was admitted Lector of Philosophy and Professor of
Divinity. He afterwards returned to England, and resided
sometimes in Lancashire, but for the most part in London,
where he died at Somerset House, June, 1672, and was buried
in the chapel attached to that palace.
He was an able controversialist, and united to zeal the most
delicate forbearance and charity. His works were greatly
admired for the elegance displayed in their style. In conver
sation his language was choice and remarkable for its easy flow.
The plainness of his dress was also noticeable.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Wood, A then. Oxon. ; Oliver, Collections ;
Cooper, Biog. Diet.
1. The Reclaimed Papist: or a Dialogue between a Popish
Knight, a Protestant Lady, a Parson and his Wife. 1655. Sm. Svo.,
pp. 221, ded. to John Compton, Esq., to whom it seems he was chaplain;
written with vigour and humour, and it elicited, " The Triumph of Rome over
despised Protestancy : being an answer to the Reclaimed Papist," Lond.
1655. 4to.
2. Fiat Lux : or, A General Conduct to a right understanding
and charity in the great Combustions and Broils about Religion
here in England, betwixt Papist and Protestant, Presbyterian and
Independent. To the end that Moderation and Quietness may at
length hap ily ensue after so various Tumults in the Kingdom. 1661,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 393
8vo.; 1662, 12mo., second edition, reviewed and enlarged by the Authour, Mr.
J. V. C., a friend to men of All Religions, pp. 396, ded. to Elizabeth, Countess of
Arundel and Surrey, the mother of Cardinal Howard ; 1665, sm. 8vo. This work
is admirably calculated to inspire sentiments of moderation and peace, by
enlightening the mind and dispersing the mists of prejudice. It elicited a
reply from Dr. John Owen, a celebrated Nonconformist divine, "Animad
versions on a treatise intituled, ' Fiat Lux.'" Lond. 1662. 8vo.
3. Infallibility. 1662, i2mo., title i p., preface i p., pp. 27. This is
an appendix to " Fiat Lux." In the preface he states that he left out of that
work four of his longest " paragraphs," lest the book should be too bulky,
and these were " Infallibility, Manhu, Confession, and Indulgence." The
first of these his friends moved him to publish.
4. An Epistle to the Author of Animadversions on Fiat Lux.
1663. I2mo. To which Dr. Owen rejoined with "Vindication of the
Animadversions on Fiat Lux." Lond. 1664. 8vo.
At a later period Samuel Mather, a Lancashire Puritan divine, who
accompanied Henry Cromwell to Dublin, also attempted an answer, entitled
"A Defence of the Protestant Religion : in answer to Fiat Lux," Dublin,
1671. 4to. Dan. Whitby, D.D., also wrote an answer, Oxon., 1666.
5. Diaphanta: or, Three Attendants on Fiat Lux. Wherein
Catholik Religion is further excused against the opposition of
severall Adversaries. I. Epistola ad Odoenum, against Dr.
Owen. II. Epistola ad Croesunt, against Mr. Whitby. III.
Epistola ad Amphibolum, against Dr. Taylor. And by the way
an Answer is given to Mr. Moulin, Denton, and Stillingfleet.
1665. I2mo.
6. Three Letters declaring the strange, odd Proceedings of
Protestant Divines when they write against Catholics, by the
Example of Dr. Taylor's Dissuasive against Popery, Mr.
Whitbie's Reply in behalf of Dr. Pierce against Mr. Cressy, and
Dr. Owen's Animadversions on Fiat Lux. 1671. Svo., pp. 41 1.
Jeremy Taylor was the Bishop of Down and Connor.
7. Tu Ka0o\iKo> Stillingfleeto ; being an account given to a
Catholick friend of Dr. StillingfLeet's late book against the Church
of Rome. Bruges, 1672. i2mo.
According to the Franciscan Register, Fr. Canes was selected by the
Catholic body to defend their cause against Dr. Stillingfleet, their most
virulent antagonist, and he succeeded to the general satisfaction.
Canning, Francis, Esq., of Foxcote, co. Warwick, was
the representative of the ancient Catholic family deriving
descent from Thomas Canynges, Lord Mayor of London in
1456, who acquired Foxcote in marriage with the heiress of
the Salmon family. From George Canning, eighth son of
Richard Canning, of Foxcote, who settled in Ireland in the
seventeenth century, descended Viscount Canning, and Stratford
Canning, Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe.
394 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Francis Canning was the eldest son and heir of Francis
Canning, by Catherine, daughter of Thomas Giffard, of Chil-
lington, Esq., and was born in 1772. After his return from
Douay College, he married Jane, daughter of Ferdinand
Huddleston, of Sawston, co. Cambridge, Esq., but left no issue
at his death in 1831. He was appointed Lieut-Colonel of the
3rd Warwick Militia in 1808, and spent most of his latter
years in travelling on the Continent.
His brother, Robert Canning, born in 1773, then succeeded
to the estates, and served the office of High Sheriff of Glou
cester in 1832, but died Aug. 13, 1843, without surviving
issue, the property ultimately passing to the two daughters of
his younger brother John.
John Canning was born in 1775, and was educated at Douay
College, from whence he managed to escape, Jan. 16, 1794,
after its seizure during the French Revolution, and succeeded
in returning to England in safety. He married, in 1807, Mary
Anne, daughter of Sir John Merydyth, Bart., and died in the
East Indies in 1824, leaving surviving issue, two daughters,
Eliza Minto, born in 1810, and Julia Matilda, born in 1811, the
latter of whom married, in 1841, James Slane Fleming, Esq.
The elder of the co-heiresses married, in 1843, Philip Henry
Howard, of Corby Castle, co. Cumberland, Esq., whose son, Philip
John Canning Howard, Esq., is the present possessor of Foxcote.
Memorials of the Canyngcs; Dr, Gillow, Memoranda relative
to the breaking up of Douay College,
1. Diaries of Francis Canning while abroad, 1820-30. MSS., 9 vols.
2. Memorials of the Canynges' Family and their Times : Their
claim to be regarded as the Founders and Restorers of Westbury
College and RedcliSe Church, Critically Examined : To which
is added, Inedited Memoranda relating to Chatterton; with
coloured illustrations. By George Pryce. Bristol, 1854, large 8vo.,
pp. x. 336. ded. to the Rt. Hon. Stratford Canning, Lord Viscount Stratford
de Redcliffe; an elaborately got-up work.
Canning, Thomas, barrister, was the eldest son of
Thomas Canning, Esq., younger son of Francis Canning, of
Foxcote, by his wife Mary, daughter and ultimately heiress of
John Petre, of Fidlers, co. Essex, who was fourth in descent
from John, younger son of William, second Lord Petre, by
Catherine, daughter of Edward, Earl of Worcester. His
mother was Mary, daughter of Michael Blount, of Maple-
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 395
durham, and he was born about 1784. Mr. Canning was a
rising man, and would have left his mark had he not been
prematurely cut off in 1824. He was not married.
His only brother, Edward Joseph Canning, Esq., the last male
representative of his family, was born in Hertford Street, May-
fair, July 24, 1788. He joined the 33rd Foot, and was so
severely wounded in the unsuccessful attack upon Bergen-op-
Zoom, March 8, 1814, that he was incapacitated for further
active service. He married Louisa, daughter of William
Spencer, second son of Lord Charles Spencer, but left no issue.
After his cousin Robert's death he succeeded to Foxcote, where
he died Jan. 13, 1857, when the estates were divided between
the co-heiresses of John Canning.
The Tablet, Jan. 1857; Memorials of the Canyngcs.
1. The first part of the Institutes of the Laws of England (with
an Index to Hargrave and Butler's Notes by Thomas Canning),
by Sir T. Littleton. Lond. 1817, Svo. ; republished 1823, 8vo.
2. An Essay on the learning of Contingent Remainders and
Executory Devises. By C. Fearne, with an Index by Thomas
Canning. Lond. 1820, yth edit., Svo.
3. Observations occasioned by a Case lately submitted to
Counsel, respecting the Question, How far a Contingent or
Reversionary Interest of Husband and Wife in her right, in per
sonal estate, is assignable, in deed or in law, during the coverture.
By Thomas Canning, of Lincoln's Inn, Esq. Lond. 1820, Svo.j
pp. 32.
4. The Sections of Littleton's Tenures, subdivided, and sys
tematically distinguished into Principles and Conclusions, &c.
Book the First. By Thomas Canning, Esq. Lond. 1821, 8vo., ded.
to Francis Williams Sanders, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law.
pp. Ixxii., 64.
Canning-, William, a gentleman no doubt connected with
the family of this name seated at Foxcote, in Warwickshire,
but whose exact identity is not shown in the pedigree, was an
active adherent of the dethroned King James II.
In 1690 the Government detected a conspiracy to restore
James to his throne, in which were concerned the Earl of
Clarendon, the Bishop of Ely, Lord Preston, William Penn, the
celebrated Quaker, and others of opposite principles in religion,
showing thereby the belief that was largely entertained of
James's sincerity in his declamation in favour of liberty of
conscience.
39^ BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Other attempts in the same direction were repeated in
subsequent years, and throughout the country there was con
siderable dissatisfaction with the Dutch invader.
William Canning endeavoured to further this feeling and the
interests of his party by distributing great numbers of King
James's Declarations, and other tracts of a similar nature.
These he printed at a secret press which he set up in
London. He was several times in custody on account of this,
and at length the Government discovered and seized his press.
He was apprehended with Francis Dormer, with whom he was
tried at the Old Bailey, July 15, 1693, and they were
sentenced to fines of 500 marks each ; to stand for three days
consecutively in the pillories without Temple Bar, at the May
pole in the Strand, and at Charing Cross ; and to be kept in
custody until payment of their fines, and sureties for their good
behaviour for twelve months were forthcoming.
Mr. Canning's subsequent career has not been followed.
Tryal of W. Canning and F. Dormer.
i. The Tryal of William Canning and Francis Dormer, at the
Old Bailey, July 15, 1693, for Dispersing and Publishing great
Numbers of Libels and Seditious Papers called King James's
Declarations. Lond. (1693), fol.
Cannon, Edmund, priest, confessor of the faith, a native
of the diocese of London, was educated at Douay College, and
matriculated at the University of Douay in 1592. After his
ordination he served the mission in England for many years,
but in his old age was apprehended, tried, and sentenced to
death for being a priest in this country contrary to statute. He
died, however, in Newgate some time between 1640 and 1651.
Lingard, Hist, of Eng., Lond. 1849, vol. viii. p. 645 ; Douay
Diaries.
Cansfield, Benedict, O.S.F. vide William Fitch.
Cansfield, Brian, Father S.J., who was known by the
alias of Christopher Benson, or Barton, was a son of Thomas
Cansfield, Esq., of Robert Hall, in the parish of Tatham,
Lancashire, and was born in 1581-2.
After studying in various schools at Lancaster, Tunstall,
Blackburn, Urswick, Warton, and Thornton, he was sent to
St. Omer's College at the age of sixteen.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 397
In 1 60 1 he entered the English College at Rome, for his
higher course, and there he became a Jesuit three years later.
After his ordination he was sent to the English mission in
Lincolnshire, which he served for several years, and of which
district he was Superior in 1633. He was then sent to
Lancashire, where he remained for some years.
He was at length seized at the altar while he was saying
Mass, treated with great brutality by the pursuivants of the
rebel Parliament, and dragged before a certain judge upon the
Yorkshire circuit, who was greatly exasperated against the
Jesuits through his wife having been reconciled to the Church
by one of the Fathers. Fr. Cansfield was thrown into one of
the dungeons of York Castle and treated with great cruelty
and barbarity, but the judge discovering that he was not the
Father of whom he was in search, permitted his liberation.
His discharge, however, was of little avail, for he died soon
after from the effects of his ill-treatment, Aug. 3, 1643,
aged 6 1.
Folcy, Records SJ., vols. iii. and vii.
Cansfield, Sir John, Kilt., of Cansfield and Robert
Hall, co. Lancaster, was the head of an ancient Catholic
family, now represented by Lord Gerard of Bryn. The
Cansfields appear in the Recusant Rolls from the very first, until
the family became extinct, and the immense sums they paid in
penalties for the recusancy of both their sons and daughters is
something astonishing.
Sir John married Isabel, daughter of Thomas Ashton, of
Croston Hall, Esq., a family now represented by the De
Traffords, and he had several children, one of whom, Charles,
was ordained priest at the English College, Rome, in 1643, an ^
assumed his mother's name of Ashton.
He was an active supporter of the Royal cause, and at the
battle of Newbury received some desperate wounds, of which
he subsequently died. He was at Rome in a bad state of
health towards the close of 1646, and seems to have remained
for about a year, frequently dining at the English College.
He was a gallant soldier and a thorough gentleman, and
cheerfully suffered for his religion and loyalty.
Castle wain, Cath. Apology ; Foley, Records SJ., Roman
Diary ; Gilloiv, Lane. Recusants, MS. ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
398 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Carey, John or Terence, martyr, a native of Dublin, a
servant in the family of Sir John Arundel, of Llanherne, in
Cornwall, was apprehended at the same time with Fr.
Cornelius, and committed to prison for aiding and assisting
him. This holy Father, Carey, Salmon, a fellow-servant, and
Mr. Bosgrave, a Cornish gentleman, were all arrested together,
and were condemned at the Canterbury summer assizes. Two
days later they were dragged to their martyrdom, July 4,
1594.
John Carey, a man of great courage, was the first ordered
up the ladder. He kissed the rope, before it was put about
his neck, saying, O precious collar! and then making a pro
fession of his faith, for which he declared he died, was so
turned off.
CJtalloner, Memoirs.
Carnarvon, Charles Dormer, Earl of, was son of Sir
William Dormer, Knt., by Alice, sister to Sir Richard Molyneux,
of Sephton, Bart.
Sir William, dying in the lifetime of his father, the first
Baron Dormer of Wenge, left two children ; Charles, given in
ward to Philip, fourth Earl of Pembroke, by whom he was
taken from his Catholic mother, and eventually married to
Lord Pembroke's daughter, Anna Sophia ; and Elizabeth, who
became the wife of Edward Somerset, Marquess of Worcester.
The barony of Dormer was created June 30, 1615, being
conferred on Robert Dormer, Knight and Baronet, who
married Elizabeth, daughter of Anthony Brown, first Viscount
Montagu, and had three sons, the above Sir William, Anthony,
and Robert.
Charles Dormer succeeded his grandfather as second Lord
Dormer, and, in 1628, was created, by Charles I. , Viscount Ascot
and Earl of Carnarvon.
He was remarkable for his loyalty, and was one of the
first who took up arms in defence of the Royal cause, greatly
distinguishing himself in every- action in which he was
engaged, particularly in the memorable battle of Roundway
in Devon.
After he had defeated a part of the enemy's horse at New-
bury, he fell by the hand of a trooper, Sept.. 20, 1643.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 399
Calling his brother-in-law, the Marquess of Worcester, to his
side, he desired him to tell the king that he could do no more
than die in his cause, and if he would grant him one request,
he would think his Majesty had sufficiently recompensed him
for his life. His petition was that his mother might have the
bringing up of his son Charles, that he might be educated in the
Catholic religion.
After this he received all the rites of the Church, and died
in the arms of a priest, for in the army the Earl never marched
without one.
But his son fell into the hands of the Parliamentarians,
Avho, heedless of the dying Earl's request, brought him up a
Protestant.
With the second Earl, the titles of Carnarvon and Ascot
expired in 1 709, but the barony of Dormer passed to Rowland
Dormer, grandson of Anthony, second son of the first
baron. At his death in 1712, without issue, the barony
devolved on Charles Dormer, grandson of Robert, third son
of the first Lord Dormer, in whose descendants it has since
remained.
Castlemain, Reply to the Answer of the Cath. Apology, p. 25 \ ;
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Peerage.
Carpenter, BlcharcJ, theological mountebank, educated
at Eton, was from thence, in 1622, elected to a scholar
ship at King's College, Cambridge. He remained in the
University about three years, when he became a convert to
the Church, and went abroad to study in Flanders, France,
Spain, and Italy, and it is said was ordained priest at Rome,
and was soon afterwards professed in one of the Benedictine
Monasteries in Italy. He returned to the mission in England,
but after about a year reverted to the Established Church, and,
through the instrumentality of the Archbishop of Canterbury,
was immediately inducted to the vicarage of Poling, near
Arundel Castle, in Sussex. Here Fr. Christopher Davenport,
O.S.F., who then resided in this locality under ihea/tas of Hunt,
exposed him to the scorn of his parishioners, so that when
the Civil War broke out Carpenter forsook Poling, and adopted
the more plausible occupation of an itinerant preacher, at that
time much encouraged. His chief aim was apparently to add
400 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
fuel to the fire which was then kindling, and to widen the
breach between the King and Parliament. Not, however,
meeting with the pecuniary success he anticipated, he withdrew
to Paris, confessed his errors, and to all appearance was
thoroughly reconciled to the Church. But his unsettled dispo
sition led him again to England, and joining the Independents
this time, he played his pulpit pranks according to the humour
of the times, and became a mere mountebank in religion. Sub
sequently he took a wife, and resided chiefly at Aylesbury, where
he had some relations.
Here he indulged in ranting and raillery until the Restora
tion, pitied by the wise and considerate, while those who were
merrily disposed \vere diverted by his spiritual antics and
buffoonery.
He was still living at Aylesbury in 1670, but towards the
close of his days this jocose minister of the Gospel began to
grow more serious, until at length, returning once more to the
Catholic Church, he died in professed penitence, and succeeded
in inducing his pretended wife to follow his example.
He lacked neither wit nor learning, but was deficient in
stability, and easily fell under the influence of those iniquitous
times.
Dodd, Ck. Hist.; Cooper, Atliencz Cantab.; Wood, Athena;
Oxon.
1. Experience, Historic, and Divinitie ; divided into five
books. Lond. 1642, 8vo., ded. to the Parliament.
It was reprinted under the title of " The Downfal of Antichrist," with
some alterations, Lond. 1648. It contains some curious anecdotes about
himself and Catholics, and has a frontispiece prefixed by Marshall.
2. The Perfect Law of God, being a Sermon, and no Sermon,
preach'd and yet not preach'd, in a Church, but not in a Church,,
to a people that are not a people. Lond. (May 4), 1652. i2mo. Pub.
while he was an Independent.
3. The Anabaptist washt and washt, and shrunk in the wash
ing ; or, a Scholasticall Discussion of the much agitated Con-
troversie concerning Infant Baptisme, occasioned by a publike
disputation before a great assembly of ministers, in the Church
of Newport-Pagnell betwixt Mr. Gibs and the author, Richard
Carpenter, therein also the author occasionally declares his
judgement concerning the Papists; and afterwards concerning
Fpiscopacy. (A needfull advertisement to the reader. Authoris
ad classes quasdam lunaticas, vel certe chimsericas & TTto-
pianas, epistola scripta anno 1648.) Lond. (May 23, 1653). 8vo.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 401
4. A New Play, called the Pragmatical Jesuit New-levened. A
Comedy. Lond. (1665?) 410., pub. after the Restoration with his portrait
in a lay habit by Faithorne. In five acts and in prose.
5. Astrology proved harmless, useful, pious ; a Sermon on
Gen. i. 14. Lond. 1657, 4to., dcd. to Elias Ashmole, with the author's
portrait by Faithorne, sc.
6. Rome in her Fruits; being a Sermon on Matt. vii. 16,
preached Nov. 5, 1662, near the Standard in Cheapside; in
answer to a pamphlet entitled "Reasons why the Roman
Catholics should not be persecuted." Lond. 1663, 4 to., with portrait
by Faithorne.
7. Portrait, Richardus Carpenterus sacerdos porcello cuidam,
Gerasenorum silicet, in omnia prsecipiti, fluctibusque devoto,
eidem porce, loquace pariter et minaci, mendacique indicit
silentium, atque obmutesce. Faithorne, sc., sm. 4to., before his
"Astrology proved harmless," 1657.
8. Portrait, ast. 33, W. Marshall, sc., 1641 ; in the upper part of the
print he is represented kneeling before the Pope, and just below is the in
scription " Mitto te in Angliam, ad pasendos Catholicos, et hocreticos
reducendos," being the frontispiece to his " Experience, Historie and Divinity,"
1642, 8vo. ; again 1648.
9. Portrait, T. Cross, sc., sm. 4to., before his " Pragmatical Jesuit."
Carpue, Frances, the widow of a Catholic gentleman,
whose family subsequently became benefactors of Ushaw
College, lamenting to see so many young girls running about
the streets without ed.ucation or religious instruction, thought
of opening a house for them at Hammersmith, in 1760, where,
as in the ark, they might be saved from the deluge of vice.
Here she took great pains to instruct them, and put the
establishment under the charge of Mrs. Bayley, a lady possessed
of a masculine mind, who conducted the school with great
satisfaction.
Mrs. Carpue continued her praiseworthy undertaking for
many years, until, in 1775, discouraged by the misconduct of
some of her protegees, on whom she had bestowed the greatest
care, and by the opposition she met with from others in
her charitable task, she retired to a convent abroad in order to
attend to her own sanctification.
The venerable Bishop Challoner, who had been her principal
adviser and assistant in her pious undertaking, wrote to her
two letters in July of this year, dissuading her from withdrawing
her support to the establishment, and he succeeded in inducing
her to return.
VOL. I. D D
402 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
From this time she continued her meritorious work until her
death, some years later.
Barnard, Life of CJialloner.
Carr, Anne, O.S.B., in religion Dame Mary Agnes, was
the eldest daughter of John Carr, of Preston, and his wife,
Hannah Clayton.
At an early age she was sent by her parents to the Bene
dictine Convent in Chapel Street, opposite to St. Wilfrid's,
Preston.
Driven from their convent in Ghent, in 1794, by the events
following the French Revolution, the nuns sought refuge in
Lancashire, and in the following year settled at Preston, where
they opened a school for young ladies.
In the early part of 1811, the community removed to
Caverswall Castle, near Stone, in Staffordshire, a venerable
building of quite monastic appearance, which they were for
tunately enabled to purchase. There they were accompanied
by Sister Mary Agnes, who died prematurely, Dec. 20, 1814.
Husenbelh, Notices of Colleges and Convents Abroad.
1. Private Devotions, by Dame Mary Agnes Carr, of Cavers-
wall Castle. MS. i2mo.
2. Meditations or ejaculatory Prayers before and after Com
munion for each Mystery of the Rosary. MS. in possession of
Richard Marsh Carr, Esq.
Carr, James, priest, born June 4, 1795, was the eldest son
of Mr. John Carr, of Holme Slack, Preston, by Hannah,
daughter of Richard Clayton, and sister and co-heiress of John
Clayton, of Cadley, near Preston.
His father was a convert, having been left an orphan and
brought up a Protestant by Mr. Winckley, though there is reason
to believe that his ancestors were Catholic.
Mrs. Carr, however, was always a Catholic, tracing her
descent from families which have been remarkable for their
staunch adherence to the faith during the times of persecu
tion. Her mother was the daughter of Alexander Parker, gent,
of the Bradkirk Hall family, by his wife Dorothy, daughter of
Thomas Westby, of Bourn Hall and Mowbreck, whose wife,
Bridget, was daughter of Thomas Clifton, of Clifton and
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 403
Lytham, names identified with the preservation of Catholicity
in the Fylde.
She was a woman of strong faith and remarkable character,
and it was through her firmness that her children were brought
up in the Catholic religion, to which her husband was subse
quently converted. Three of her children devoted themselves
to religion, her eldest son a priest, and two of her daughters
Benedictine nuns.
James Carr was sent to Stonyhurst College, where he was
admitted into the Society of Jesus about 1812, and in due course
was ordained priest.
In Aug. 1822, he succeeded Fr. Brice Bridge at Norwich,
and in 1826 was transferred to Worcester in place of Fr.
Richard Norris. In the summer of 1827 he quitted the
Society, but was readmitted in Dec. 1829, and, in March, 1832,
he was appointed chaplain to Lord Arundell at Wardour
Castle. Here he remained until the following June, when he
left Wardour on account of some difference with his superiors,
and finally seceded from the Society.
After serving the mission in various places he was appointed,
in 1 846, to that of Great Singleton, in the Fylde, Lancashire,
where he remained for some years, and ultimately died at
Runcorn, Feb. 14, 1858, aged 63.
His younger brother, Richard Carr, of Holme Slack and
Balderstone, Esq., was also educated at Stonyhurst, and was
twice married ; first, to Margaret, daughter and co-heiress of
Richard Gradwell, of Balderstone, eldest son and heir of John
Gradwell, of Clifton, by Margaret, daughter and heiress of John
Gregson, of Balderstone, from whom the Balderstone estate
descended ; and secondly, to Anne, daughter and heiress of
William Marsh, of Hindley, co. Lancaster.
The Very Rev. James Canon Carr, V.G., President of
St. Edward's College, Liverpool, is a son of the first marriage.
Mr. Carr was an able man, and left a great number of
sermons in manuscript, displaying much research. His portrait
is preserved in the family.
Oliver \ Collections ; Gillow, Lane. Recusants, MS.
i. A Letter addressed to the Editor of the Norwich Mercury ;
being a Reply to the Letter signed " A Protestant," in the same
Paper, of the 1st of November, 1823. By the Rev. J. A. Carr.
Norwich (1823). 8vo., pp. 16.
D D 2
404 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
2. In March, 1824, Mr. Carr addressed two more letters to the Editor of
the Norwich Mercury, in which he exposed the tricks of the Irish Baptist
Society. They do not appear to have been printed in pamphlet form.
Carr, Nicholas, M.D., descended from a good family, was
born at Newcastle, in or about 1523. At an early age he was
sent to Christ's College, Cambridge, where he studied under
Cuthbert Scott, subsequently Bishop of Chester. He after
wards migrated to Pembroke Hall, where his tutor was
Nicholas Ridley, and proceeded B.A. 1540-1, being soon after
wards elected Fellow of that house, and commencing M.A. in
1544. On the foundation of Trinity College, in 1546, he was
nominated one of the original Fellows, and the following year
was appointed Regius Professor of Greek. His lectures on
Demosthenes, Plato, Sophocles, and other writers, gained him
a high reputation for scholarship.
In 1555 he subscribed to the Catholic Articles, and, indeed,
seems always to have been most constant in his attachment to
the ancient faith. He took the degree of M.D. in 1558, and
began to practise as a physician, though for four years he
continued to read the Greek lecture, at the end of which period
he appointed Blithe, of Trinity College, to lecture for him. He
was obliged to resort to the study of medicine in order to
maintain his wife and family, for his opposition to the Reform
ation, for which he suffered imprisonment, stood in the way
of other emoluments. He occupied the house in which Bucer
died, and in this house he himself breathed his last, Nov. 3,
1568, in the 45th year of his age.
In spite of his known disapproval of the teachings of the
new religion, he seems to have been held in the highest respect.
He was buried at St. Michael's Church, but the congregation,
consisting of the whole University, being very large, the funeral
sermon was preached at St. Mary's by Dr. Chaderton, after
which they returned to St. Michael's. Fuller says that
a monument was erected to his memory in the Church of
St. Giles, and gives the inscription, but this epitaph no longer
exists. There is a handsome mural monument, however, on
the north wall of St. Giles's Church, Cambridge, with long
inscriptions. In his will, proved Nov. 13, 1568, he desires to
be buried at St. Michael's, and he mentions his wife Margaret,
and his children, Margaret, Katherine, and Mary.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 405
Cooper, A then. Cantab.; Bridgewater, Concert. Eccl. Cath. in
Angl.
1. Epistola de morte Buceri ad Johannem Cheeum.
Lond. 1551, 410. ; again 1681 ; reprinted in Bucer's "Scripta Anglicana,"
Basle, fol., 1577, p. 867 ; and in "Hist, de Vita et obitu Buceri," Strasburg,
1562, I2mo.
2. Duse epistolse Latinse doctor! Chadertono. 1566. MS. Cai.
Coll. 197, Art. 52.
3. Eusebii Pamphili de vita Constantini. Louvaine, 1570, 8vo. ;
Cologne, 1570, fol. ; *'Ex recensione Suffridi Petri," Cologne, 1581, fol.;
" Ex recensione Binii," Cologne, 1612, fol. The fourth book only is trans, by
Carr, the others are by Christopherson.
4. Demosthenis Greecorum oratorum principis, Olynthiacse
orationes tres, et Philippicse Quatuor, e Greece in Latinum
conversse. Addita est etiam epistola de vita, et obitu ejusdem
Nicolai Carri, et Carmina, cum Grseca, turn Latina in eundem
Scripta. Lond. 1571. 4to.
The life of Carr in the above work is by Barthol. Dodyngton. At p. 68 is
a brief memoir of the translator by Thomas Preston. Carr's autograph MS.
of this translation is in the University library, Cambridge, Dd. 4, 56.
5. De scriptorum Britannicorum paucitate, et studiorum im-
pedimentis oratio. Lond. 1576, I2mo, edited by Tho. Hatcher.
6. Prsefatio in Platonem de legibus. Which he also trans, into
Latin.
7. Prsefatio in convivium Platonis.
8. Prsefationes in alios aliquot Platonis libros.
9. Prsefationes in aliquot Demosthenis orationes.
10. Prsefatio ad Aescninem.
n. Prsefationes in Theocritum et Sophoclem.
12. Annotationes in Platonem et Demosthenem.
13. De febribus.
14. Orationes a se habitse.
15. Epistolse ad diversos.
1 6. Fragmentum in Timseum Platonis.
17. Aeschinis contra Ctesiphontem oratio. A Translation.
1 8. Liturgia S. Jacobi. Translation.
19. He also contributed to the collections of verses on the death of Bucer
and the deaths of the Dukes of Suffolk.
20. He translated the fourth book of the " Historia Ecclesiastica pars prima
qua continentur Eusebii," by J. Christopherson, Bishop of Chichester.
Carr, Thomas, divine ; vide Miles Pinkney.
Carrier, Benjamin, D.D., born in 1566, was the
son of Anthony Carrier, a learned and devout man, who,
though a Protestant and a preacher, as Dr. Carrier himself
states, so seasoned him in the principles of piety and devotion
40 6 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
that he could but choose to be ever very zealous in matters of
religion. He was educated at Corpus Christi College, Cam
bridge, where he proceeded M.A., and was admitted a Fellow.
Having taken his degree of D.D., he was made chaplain and
preacher to James I., and also one of the first Fellows of Chelsea
College, founded by Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe.
His inclinations regarding religion were pacific, and Dodd
gathers from his letters that it was his opinion that the king
designed to attempt a kind of coalition between the two
Churches, which Dr. Carrier perceived to be impracticable, and
resolved to meet the difficulty by joining the Catholic Church.
To effect this quietly, he obtained the king's permission to visit
Spa, in Germany, on account of his health, where he was
reconciled to the Church. Something coming to the king's
ears, made him suspect his favourite's defection, and James
ordered Mr. Isaac Casaubon, and others, to write to him with
a peremptory injunction to return to England. Dr. Carrier at
first gave no positive answer, either as to his return or the
suspicions concerning his change of faith. When the secret
could be no longer kept, the resentment of the king knew no
bounds, for there was hardly a clergyman in England for
whose virtue and learning his Majesty had a greater regard.
It was believed that Dr. Carrier had been made the confidant
of James's private sentiments as to religion, and there were
grounds to think that the king himself had once no aversion
to the Catholic Church, had not fear and ambition influenced
his course.
Dr. Carrier was congratulated upon his conversion in letters
from Rome, Paris, and other places, and he was especially invited
by Cardinal du Perron to Paris, who desired his assistance in a
work he was publishing against King James. He accepted the
invitation, but died shortly after his arrival, in June, 1614.
Dodd, Ch. Hist,; CatJi. Miscellany, vol. v., 1826.
1. Some Sermons published while he was a Protestant.
2. A Treatise written toy Mr. Doctour Carier, wherein layeth
downe sundry considerations, by which he was moved to forsake
the Protestant congregation and to betake hymself to the Catho-
licke Apostolicke Roman Church ; addressed to the King. 410.
s.l. aut anno. Dated Liifge, Dec. 12, 1613.
King James was greatly irritated at this Missive, and at the Doctor's
change of religion, and had he been ; within his power he would doubtless
have been put upon trial.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 407
George Hackwell replied to this with "An Answer to Dr. Carrier his
Reasons, moving him to embrace the Church of Rome." Lond. 1616. 410.
N. Strange published another edition, entitled "A Missive to His Majesty
of Great Britain, King James. Written divers years since by Doctor Carier,
containing the motives of his conversion to Catholike religion. Reprinted
with some marginall notes and a previous discourse to the like purpose. 1 '
Paris, 1649, I2mo. It was again revived in the reign of James II., under
this title, " A Missive to His Majesty of Great Britain, King James. With a
notable foresight of the present distempers both in the Church and State."
Lond. 1687. I2mo.
3. A Letter of the miserable Ends of such as impugn the
Catholick Faith. 1615. 4to.
Published abroad a year after his death.
Carroll, Anthony, Father S. J., a native of Ireland, was
born Sept. 16, 1722, and entered the Society at Watten in
1744. He was ordained priest at Liege in 1754, and soon
afterwards was sent on the English mission, and served
Lincoln for some time.
After the suppression of the Society in 1773, he accom
panied his cousin, Fr. John Carroll, subsequently first Arch
bishop of Baltimore, to Maryland, arriving there in the
following year. He returned to England in 1775, and served
the missions of Liverpool, Shepton Mallet, Exeter, Worcester,
&c., and eventually died in St. Bartholomew's Hospital from
injuries received in a murderous attack upon him for the
purpose of robbery, in Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, Sept. 5,
1794, aged 72.
Oliver, Collectanea S.J. and Collections ; Foley, Collectanea S.J.
i. Practical Divinity, being a regular series of Sermons trans
lated from the French of L. Bourdaloue. Lond. 1776, 4 vols. 8vo. ;
Lond. 1855, 8vo.
Carron, Gui Toussaint Julien, priest and philanthropist,
was born at Rennes, in France, Feb. 23, 1760, and was a
younger son of Bonaventure James Marie-Ann Malo Carron,
an advocate of the Parliament of Britanny.
He was ordained priest in his twenty-third year, and his
Bishop was inspired with so great confidence in him, that he at
once appointed him vicar of the parish of St. Germain at
Rennes. Here he soon commenced to build a home for the
poor, and established a manufactory for handkerchiefs, &c.,
where 2,000 poor people were occupied, the young girls being
408 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
under the supervision and instruction of nuns, who took care of
the silk and maintained order in the house. Other philanthropic
establishments in Rennes were also inaugurated by him.
At the French Revolution, M. Carron refused to recognise the
civil constitution of the clergy, or to take the oath, and he was
in consequence imprisoned at Rennes, in Aug. 1792, and
transported to Jersey in the following month, with about three
hundred priests and religious.
The Abbe found the island overflowing with fugitives,
and his first care was to erect a chapel, schools, a medical
repertory, and a library.
In 1796 the Government ordered the greater part of the
priests and emigrants then in Jersey to be sent to England, and
the Abbe, in September of that year, came to London, where
he opened two schools and a medical repertory.
Here he also opened two chapels successively, and in 1797
he established at Somers Town two hospitals, one for aged or
infirm priests, and the other for women. He also instituted a
seminary for twenty-five students, which gave many priests to
the Church.
In 1799, the schools he had established became boarding-
schools, in one of which about eighty boys were educated, and
in the other, sixty girls.
At Somers Town the Abbe built a large chapel, besides which
he found means to establish and support in London Street,
Fitzroy Square, a Chamber of Providence, in which were
deposited linen, wine, and suitable refreshments for the sick.
Two poor schools in Somers Town also owed their existence
to him.
He continued to direct his various foundations in England
until 1814, when he returned to France, only to be forced on
March 20, 1815, to seek refuge once more in England.
In the following November he went back to France, where
he continued to astonish the world with his philanthropic
institutions and extraordinary activity, until his death at Paris,
March 15, 1820.
Cast with the innumerable exiled French clergy upon
England's hospitable shore, he returned a hundredfold for the
generous asylum it gave him, for wherever he fixed his abode,
new fountains of charity gushed forth around him.
Chanty was the sole purpose of his life : his every breath
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 409
heaved forth its anxious prayer his every word accented its
life-preserving purpose. Hospitals, schools, and chapels were
the result of the irresistible pleadings of this missionary of
charity, who, himself, had little more than what the fostering
providence of the hour furnished to its faithful and diligent
agent.
Laity s Directories, 1822 and 1824.
1. Beau Soir de la Vie> &c.
2. Cantiques Anciens et Nouveaux.
3. Confesseurs de la Foi, dans 1'Eglise Gallieane a la fin dix-
huitieme Siecle. 4 vols. 8vo.
4. De 1'Education. Paris, 1819, 2 vols. i8mo.
5. Ecoliers Vertueux. 2 vols. iSmo.
6. L'Ami des Meres. Lond. 1805, 4 vols. I2mo.
7. Le meme, ou se trouve la Vie d'une jeune Religieuse morte
a Sales House, Shepton Mallet. 2 vols.
8. Le Tresor de la Jeunesse Chre"tienne.
9. Los Attraits de la Morale, ou la Vertu paree de tous ses
charmes, et 1'Art de rendre heureux ceux qui nous entourent,
avec un beau Portr. de St. F. de Sales.
10. Les Nouvelles Heroines.
11. L' Heureux Matin de la Vie.
12. Modele des Pretres, ou la Vie du J. Brydayne. Reprinted,
Lille, 1860, 8vo.
13. Modeles du Clerge". i2mo. ; Paris, 1823, 2 vols. i2mo.
14. D'une tendre et solide Devotion a la Mere de Dieu dans le
r age de la Vie.
15. Parmi les Filles Chr^tiennes. 12010.
1 6. Pensees Chr6tiennes, ou entretiennes de 1'Ame Fidele,
avec le Seigneur, pour tous les Jours de 1'Annee. 6 vols. i2mo.
17. Pensees Ecclesiastiques. Lille, 1799, 12 vols. i8mo.
18. Reflexions Chretiennes pour tous les Jours de 1'An. Win
chester, 1796, Svo. Translated into English under the title of "Catholic
Reflections."
19. Vies des Justes dans 1'Etat ou mariage. 2 vols. i2mo.
20. Vies des Justes dans 1'Etude des Lois, ou dans la Magis-
trature.
21. Vies des Justes dans les plus haut Bangs de la Societe.
5 vols.
22. Vies des Justes dans les Conditions ordinaires de la
Socie'td. Lyon, 1844, 8vo.
23. The Life of P. La Feuillade, a Catholic Soldier of the 18th
century. Translated from the French. Lond. (Derby, pr.), (1850),
i2mo.
24. Several of the above works have been translated into English.
25. Portrait, Abbe Toussaint Julien Carron, Founder of St.
Aloysius Chapel and Charity Schools, and several other Religious
4IO BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
and Charitable Institutions, and Author of many learned and
pious Works. Born at Rennes, Feb. 23, 1760. Died at Paris,
March 15, 1821. Lond. Keating & Brown, Laity's Directory, 1824, I2mo.
Carrow, Gervase, a gentleman, condemned to die for
denying the king's ecclesiastical supremacy, and executed in
1540.
Dodd, Ch. Hist., citing Dr. Wortkingtons Catal. Martyr.
Carter, Andrew, artist in stained glass, born in Preston,
Sept. 21, 1799, was the second son of Mr. Thomas Carter, one
of the Councillors under the new municipal corporation of
Preston in 1836. The Carters of Urton, or Burton, in
Broughton, near Preston, were probably descended from the
Carters of Thistleton, and were staunch recusants. James
Carter, son of Henry Carter, of Durton, registered his estate
there in 1717, in accordance with the Act of I Geo. I., and his
relative Grace Carter was the wife of Edward Daniel, of Durton,
ancestor of several distinguished ecclesiastics. Andrew Carter
resided at Lady Well, Fernyhalgh, and married Alice, daughter
of Mr. John Gillow, of Salwick Hall and Elswick Grange, by
whom he had a numerous family.
He attained considerable proficiency in his profession, a
notable example of which may be seen in the chapel at
Fernyhalgh. Ultimately he settled in the United States,
where his talents met with due appreciation.
Whittle, Hist, of Preston ; Gillow, Lane. Recusants, MS.
Carter, John, priest, born in April, 1750, was son of
Robert Carter, of Standish, and his wife, Jane Cope or Cooper.
Several Catholic families of this name resided in various parts
of Lancashire, the most notable being those at Thistleton and
Broughton.
The family under notice were descended from that of
Thistleton. It appears in the Recusant Rolls of the time of
Charles II., and in 1717 two of its members registered lease
hold estates there. Richard Carter, the son of one of these,
was perhaps the first to remove to Standish. His brother, John
Carter, was ordained priest at the English College, Lisbon, and
served the mission of Newhouse, Newsham, near Preston. This
mission was founded towards the close of the seventeenth or
beginning of the last century, at The Hough, in Newsham, and
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 411
in 1716 the Rev. Francis Kirk was the priest. The Hough
estate belonged to John Hesketh, a younger son of William
Hesketh, of Maynes Hall, Esq., by Perpetua, daughter of
Thomas Westby, of Mowbreek, Esq. The Rev. Roger
Brockholes served this mission some years later conjointly with
Claughton. The date of the arrival of the Rev. John Carter is
not recorded, but he was here in 1745, when Charles Edward
passed with his army, and obtained an assurance from that
Prince that his troops should not molest his person or the
mission property. It was probably Mr. Carter who erected the
small ill-made chapel, since known as Newhouse, on the estate
bequeathed by Edmund ffishwick, the representative of an old
Newsham yeomanry family.
In 1768, during the anti- Jacobite and No-Popery fermenta
tion at Preston, Newhouse narrowly escaped destruction. An
infuriated mob, after destroying St. Mary's Chapel, at Preston,
and burning that at Cottam, moved in the direction of Newsham
for the purpose of demolishing the chapel there, but a
neighbouring Protestant persuaded them not to touch it. When
they got to Hollowforth Mill he met them, and ascertaining
their purpose, entreated them not to molest the resident priest
at Newhouse, whom he highly praised, and then asked them to
have something to eat and drink, with which they were appeased
and moved back to Preston. Mr. Carter died Oct. 18, 1789,
but long before his death, about 1762, his nephew, James
Carter, came to assist him in the mission. He was the son of
Richard Carter and his wife Elizabeth Mawdesley, and was
born in 1736. Educated at Douay, he was there ordained
priest and assumed his mother's maiden name, a custom which
was very common with priests in those days. Here he remained
for fifty-two years, and died at Newhouse, Feb. 4, 1814, aged
78. Towards the close of his life Mr. Carter, or Mawdesley,
the name by which he was known, was assisted by his nephew,
Henry Carter, who came to the mission in 1805. He was a
younger son of Robert Carter and his wife, Jane Cope or
Cooper, born Feb. 2, 1761, and educated at St. Omer and
Douay. It was mainly through his exertions that the present
chapel at Newhouse was built, in 1806, near the old site, and
with a view of preventing any ill-feeling or difficulty with the
Protestants, whose chapel at Barton, about a mile distant, was
dedicated to 
