ABRAHAM LINCOLN
By John Drinkwater
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Abraham Lincoln
ABRAHAM
LINCOLN
A Play
By John Drinkwater
With an Introduction by
ARNOLD BENNETT
BOSTON AND NEW YORK
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
MDCCCCXIX
COPYRIGHT, I9I9, BY HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
ALL DRAMATIC RIGHTS RESERVED BY THE AUTHOR
To
THE LORD CHARNWOOD
Note
In using for purposes of drama a personality of so wide
and recent a fame as that of Abraham Lincoln, I feel that
one or two observations are due to my readers and critics.
Firsts my purpose is that not of the historian but of the
dramatist. The historical presentation of my hero has been
faithfully made in many volumes; notably, in England, by
Lord Charnwood in a monograph that gives a masterly
analysis of Lincoln' 's career and character and is, it seems
to me, a model of what the historian's work should be.
To this book I am gratefully indebted for the material of
my play. But while I have, I hope, done nothing to tra-
verse history, I have freely telescoped its events, and im-
posed invention upon its movement, in such ways as I
needed to shape the dramatic significance of my subject.
I should add that the fictitious Burnet Hook is admitted
to the historical company of Lincoln's Cabinet for the
purpose of embodying certain forces that were antagonis-
tic to the President. This was a dramatic necessity, and
I chose rather to invent a character for the purpose than to
invest any single known personage with sinister qualities
about which there might be dispute.
Secondly, my purpose is, again, that of the dramatist,
not that of the political philosopher. The issue of secession
was a very intricate one, upon which high and generous
opinions may be in conflict, but that I may happen to have
viii Note
or lack personal sympathy with Lincoln's policy and
judgment in this matter is nothing. My concern is with
the profoundly dramatic interest of his character, and with
the inspiring example of a man who handled war nobly
and with imagination.
Finally, I am an Englishman, and not a citizen of the
great country that gave Lincoln birth. I have, therefore,
written as an Englishman, making no attempt to achieve
a "local colour" of which I have no experience, or to
speak in an idiom to which I have not been bred. To have
done ^otherwise, as I am sure any American friends that
this play may have the good fortune to make will allow,
would have been to treat a great subject with levity.
J. D.
Far Oakridge,
July- August, 191 8
Introductory Note
This play was originally produced by the Bir-
mingham Repertory Theatre last year, and it had
a great success in Birmingham. But if its author
had not happened to be the artistic director of the
Birmingham Repertory Theatre the play might
never have been produced there. The rumour of
the provincial success reached London, with the
usual result — that London managers magnifi-
cently ignored it. I have myself spoken with a very
well-known London actor-manager who admitted
to me that he had refused the play.
When Nigel Playfair, in conjunction with my-
self as a sort of Chancellor of the Exchequer,
started the Hammersmith Playhouse {for the
presentation of the best plays that could be got) we
at once began to inquire into the case of Abraham
Lincoln. Nigel Playfair was absolutely deter-
mined to have the play and the Birmingham com-
pany to act it. I read the play and greatly admired
it. We secured both the play and the company. The
first Hammersmith performance was a tremendous
success, both for the author of the play and for
William J. Rea, the Irish actor who in the role of
Lincoln was merely great. The audience cried.
x Introductory Note
/ should have cried myself, but for my iron re-
solve not to stain a well-earned reputation for
callousness. As I returned home that night from
what are known as uthe wilds of Hammersmith"
{Hammersmith is a suburb of London) I said to
myself: "This flay is bound to succeed? The
next moment I said to myself: " This play cannot
possibly succeed. It has no love interest. It is a
political play. Its theme is the threatened separa-
tion of the Southern States from the Northern
States. Nobody ever heard of a play with such an
absurd theme reaching permanent success. No
author before John Drinkwater ever had the
effrontery to impose such a theme on a London
public?
My instinct was right and my reason was
wrong. The play did succeed. It is still succeeding,
and it will continue to succeed. Nobody can dine
out in London to-day and admit without a blush
that he has not seen Abraham Lincoln. Monarchs
and princes have seen it. Archbishops have seen
it. Statesmen without number have seen it. An ex-
Lord Chancellor told me that he had journeyed out
into the said wilds and was informed at the the-
atre that there were no seats left. He could not be-
lieve that he would have to return from the wilds
unsatisfied. But so it fell out. West End managers
have tried to coax the play from Hammersmith to
Introductory Note xi
i
the West End. They could not do it. We have con-
trived to make all London come to Hammersmith
to see a 'play without a love-interest or a bedroom
scene, and the play will remain at Hammersmith.
Americans will more clearly realize what John
Drinkwater has achieved with the London public
if they imagine somebody putting on a play about
the Crimean War at some unknown derelict the-
atre round about Two Hundred and Fiftieth
Street, and drawing all New York to Two Hun-
dred and Fiftieth Street.
Abraham Lincoln has pleased everybody, and
its triumph is the best justification of those few
who held that the public was capable of liking
much better plays than were offered to the public.
Why has Abraham Lincoln succeeded? Here are
a few answers to the question: Because the author
had a deep, practical knowledge of the stage. Be-
cause he disdained all stage tricks. Because he
had the wit to select for his hero one of the world1 s
greatest and finest characters. Because he had the
audacity to select a gigantic theme and to handle
it with simplicity. Because he had the courage of
all his artistic and moral convictions. And of
course because he has a genuine dramatic gift.
Finally, because William J. Rea plays Lincoln
with the utmost nobility of emotional power.
Every audience has the same experience at
xii Introductory Note
Abraham Lincoln, and I laugh privately when I
think of that experience. The curtain goes up on
a highly commonplace little parlour, and a jew
ordinary people chatting in a highly commonplace
manner. They keep on chatting. The audience
thinks to itself: "I've been done! What is this
interminable small talk?" And it wants to call out
a protest: "Hi! You fellows on the stage! Have
you forgotten that there is an audience on the
other side of the footlights, waiting for something
to happen?" {Truly the ordinary people in the
parlour do seem to be unaware of the existence of
any audience.) But wait, audience! Already the
author is winding his chains about you. Though
you may not suspect it, you are already bound.
. . . At the end of the first scene the audience,
vaguely feeling the spell, wonders what on earth
the nature of the spell is. At the end of the play
it is perhaps still wondering what precisely the
nature of the spell is. . . . But it fully and raptur-
ously admits the reality of the spell. Indeed after
the fall of the curtain, and after many falls of the
curtain, the spell persists; the audience somehow
cannot leave its seats, and the thought of the worry
of the journey home and of last 'busses and trains
is banished. Strange phenomenon! It occurs every
nizht.
ARNOLD BENNETT
April 191 9
Abraham Lincoln
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
Two Chroniclers:
The two speaking together: Kinsmen, you shall
behold
Our stage, in mimic action, mould
A man's character.
This is the wonder, always, everywhere —
Not that vast mutability which is event,
The pits and pinnacles of change,
But man's desire and valiance that range
All circumstance, and come to port unspent.
Agents are these events, these ecstasies,
And tribulations, to prove the purities
Of poor oblivions that are our being. When
Beauty and peace possess us, they are none
But as they touch the beauty and peace of men,
Nor, when our days are done,
And the last utterance of doom must fall,
Is the doom anything
Abraham Lincoln
Memorable for its apparelling;
The bearing of man facing it is all.
So, kinsmen, we present
This for no loud event
That is but fugitive,
But that you may behold
Our mimic action mould
The spirit of man immortally to live.
First Chronicler: Once when a peril
touched the days
Of freedom in our English ways,
And none renowned in government
Was equal found,
Came to the steadfast heart of one,
Who watched in lonely Huntingdon,
A summons, and he went,
And tyranny was bound,
And Cromwell was the lord of his event.
Second Chronicler: And in that land
where voyaging
The pilgrim Mayflower came to rest,
Among the chosen, counselling,
Abraham Lincoln
Once, when bewilderment possessed
A people, none there was might draw
To fold the wandering thoughts of men,
And make as one the names again
Of liberty and law.
And then, from fifty fameless years
In quiet Illinois was sent
A word that still the Atlantic hears,
And Lincoln was the lord of his event.
The two speaking together: So the un-
counted spirit wakes
To the birth
Of uncounted circumstance.
And time in a generation makes
Portents majestic a little story of earth
To be remembered by chance
At a fireside.
But the ardours that they bear,
The proud and invincible motions of
character —
These — these abide.
Abraham Lincoln
Scene I.
The parlour of Abraham Lincoln's House at
Springfield, Illinois, early in i860. Mr.
Stone, a farmer, and Mr. Cuffney, a
store-keeper, both men of between fifty and
sixty, are sitting before an early spring fire.
It is dusk, but the curtains are not drawn.
The men are smoking silently.
Mr. Stone {after a pause): Abraham. It's a
good name for a man to bear, anyway.
Mr. Cuffney: Yes. That's right. /
Mr. Stone {after another pause): Abraham
Lincoln. I've known him forty years. Never
crooked once. Well.
He taps his pipe reflectively on the grate.
There is another pause. Susan, a servant-
maid, comes in, and busies herself lighting
candles and drawing the curtains to.
Susan: Mrs. Lincoln has just come in. She
says she'll be here directly.
Mr. Cuffney: Thank you.
Mr. Stone: Mr. Lincoln is n't home yet, I
dare say?
Abraham Lincoln
Susan: No, Mr. Stone. He won't be long, with
all the gentlemen coming.
Mr. Stone: How would you like your mas-
ter to be President of the United States,
Susan ?
Susan: I'm sure he'd do it very nicely, sir.
Mr. Cuffney: He would have to leave Spring-
field, Susan, and go to live in Washington.
Susan: I dare say we should take to Wash-
ington very well, sir.
Mr. Cuffney: Ah! I'm glad to hear that.
Susan: Mrs. Lincoln's rather particular
about the tobacco smoke.
Mr. Stone: To be sure, yes, thank you, Susan.
Susan: The master does n't smoke, you
know. And Mrs. Lincoln's specially particular
about this room.
Mr. Cuffney: Quite so. That's very consider-
ate of you, Susan.
They knock out their pipes.
Susan: Though some people might not hold
with a gentleman not doing as he'd a mind in
his own house, as you might say.
She goes out.
Abraham Lincoln
Mr. Cuffney (after a further pause, stroking
his pipe) : I suppose there's no doubt about the
message they'll bring?
Mr. Stone: No, that's settled right enough.
It'll be an invitation. That's as sure as John
Brown's dead.
Mr. Cuffney: I could never make Abraham
out rightly about old John. One could n't stom-
ach slaving more than the other, yet Abraham
did n't hold with the old chap standing up
against it with the sword. Bad philosophy, or
something, he called it. Talked about fanatics
who do nothing but get themselves at a rope's
end.
Mr. Stone: Abraham's all for the Constitu-
tion. He wants the Constitution to be an honest
master. There's nothing he wants like that,
and he'll stand for that, firm as a Samson of the
spirit, if he goes to Washington. He'd give his
life to persuade the state against slaving, but
until it is persuaded and makes its laws against
it, he'll have nothing to do with violence in the
name of laws that are n't made. That's why
old John 's raiding affair stuck in his gullet.
Abraham Lincoln
Mr. Cuffney: He was a brave man, going like
that, with a few zealous like himself, and a
handful of niggers, to free thousands.
Mr. Stone: He was. And those were brave
words when they took him out to hang him.
"I think, my friends, you are guilty of a great
wrong against God and humanity. You may
dispose of me very easily. I am nearly disposed
of now. But this question is still to be settled —
this negro question, I mean. The end of that
is not yet." I was there that day. Stonewall
Jackson was there. He turned away. There was
a colonel there giving orders. When it was over,
" So perish all foes of the human race," he called
out. But only those that were afraid of losing
their slaves believed it.
Mr. Cuffney (after a pause) : It was a bad
thing to hang a man like that. . . . There's a
song that they've made about him.
He sings quietly.
John Brown's body lies a mould'ring in the
grave, • .;
But his soul goes marching on. . . .
Mr. Stone: I know.
8 Abraham Lincoln
The two together {singing quietly) :
The stars of heaven are looking kindly down
On the grave of old John Brown. . . .
After a moment Mrs. Lincoln comes in.
The men rise.
Mrs. Lincoln: Good-evening, Mr. Stone.
Good-evening, Mr. Cuffney.
Mr. Stone and Mr. Cuffney: Good-evening,
ma'am.
Mrs. Lincoln: Sit down, if you please.
They all sit.
Mr. Stone: This is a great evening for you,
ma'am.
Mrs. Lincoln: It is.
Mr. Cuffney: What time do you expect the
deputation, ma'am?
Mrs. Lincoln: They should be here at seven
o'clock. {With an inquisitive nose.) Surely,
Abraham has n't been smoking.
Mr. Stone {rising) : Shall I open the window,
ma'am? It gets close of an evening.
Mrs. Lincoln: Naturally, in March. You may
leave the window, Samuel Stone. We do not
smoke in the parlour.
Abraham Lincoln
Mr. Stone {resuming his seat) : By no means,
ma'am.
Mrs. Lincoln: I shall be obliged to you.
Mr. Cuffney: Has Abraham decided what he
will say to the invitation?
Mrs. Lincoln: He will accept it.
Mr. Stone: A very right decision, if I may
say so.
Mrs. Lincoln: It is.
Mr. Cuffney: And you, ma'am, have advised
him that way, I '11 be bound.
Mrs. Lincoln: You said this was a great eve-
ning for me. It is, and I '11 say more than I mostly
do, because it is. I'm likely to go into history
now with a great man. For I know better than
any how great he is. I'm plain looking and I've
a sharp tongue, and I've a mind that does n't
always go in his easy, high way. And that's
what history will see, and it will laugh a little,
and say, "Poor Abraham Lincoln." That's all
right, but it's not all. I've always known when
he should go forward, and when he should hold
back. I 've watched, and watched, and what I 've
learnt America will profit by. There are women
io Abraham Lincoln
like that, lots of them. But I'm lucky. My
work's going farther than Illinois — it's going
farther than any of us can tell. I made things
easy for him to think and think when we were
poor, and now his thinking has brought him to
this. They wanted to make him Governor of
Oregon, and he would have gone and have come
to nothing there. I stopped him. Now they're
coming to ask him to be President, and I've
told him to go.
Mr. Stone: If you please, ma'am, I should like
to apologise for smoking in here.
Mrs. Lincoln: That's no matter, Samuel
Stone. Only, don't do it again.
Mr. Cuffney: It's a great place for a man to
fill. Do you know how Seward takes Abraham's
nomination by the Republicans?
Mrs. Lincoln: Seward is ambitious. He ex-
pected the nomination. Abraham will know
how to use him.
i Mr. Stone: The split among the Democrats
makes the election of the Republican choice a
certainty, I suppose?
Mrs. Lincoln: Abraham says so.
Abraham Lincoln i i
Mr. Cuffney: You know, it's hard to believe.
When I think of the times I 've sat in this room
of an evening, and seen your husband come in,
ma'am, with his battered hat nigh falling off
the back of his head, and stuffed with papers
that won't go into his pockets, and god-darning
some rascal who'd done him about an assign-
ment or a trespass, I can't think he's going up
there into the eyes of the world.
Mrs. Lincoln: I've tried for years to make
him buy a new hat.
Mr. Cuffney: I have a very large selection
just in from New York. Perhaps Abraham
might allow me to offer him one for his depart-
ure.
Mrs. Lincoln: He might. But he'll wear the
old one.
Mr. Stone: Slavery and the South. They're
big things he'll have to deal with. "The end
of that is not yet." That's what old John Brown
said, "the end of that is not yet."
Abraham Lincoln comes in, a greenish and
crumpled top hat leaving his forehead well
uncovered, his wide pockets brimming over
i 2 Abraham Lincoln
with documents. He is fifty, and he still pre-
serves his clean-shaven state. He kisses his
wife and shakes hands with his friends.
Lincoln: Well, Mary. How d'ye do, Samuel.
How d'ye do, Timothy.
Mr. Stone and Mr. Cuffney: Good-evening,
Abraham.
Lincoln {while he takes of his hat and shakes
out sundry papers from the lining into a drawer) :
John Brown, did you say? Aye, John Brown.
But that's not the way it's to be done. And you
can't do the right thing the wrong way. That's
as bad as the wrong thing, if you're going to
keep the state together.
Mr. Cuffney: Well, we'll be going. We only
came in to give you good-faring, so to say, in
the great word you 've got to speak this evening.
Mr. Stone: It makes a humble body almost
afraid of himself, Abraham, to know his friend
is to be one of the great ones of the earth, with
his yes and no law for these many, many thou-
sands of folk.
Lincoln: It makes a man humble to be chosen
so, Samuel. So humble that no man but would
Abraham Lincoln 13
say "No" to such bidding if he dare. To be
President of this people, and trouble gathering
everywhere in men's hearts. That's a searching
thing. Bitterness, and scorn, and wrestling often
with men I shall despise, and perhaps nothing
truly done at the end. But I must go. Yes.
Thank you, Samuel; thank you, Timothy. Just
a glass of that cordial, Mary, before they leave.
He goes to a cupboard. ■
May the devil smudge that girl !
Calling at the door,
Susan! Susan Deddington! Where's that
darnation cordial?
Mrs. Lincoln: It's all right, Abraham. I told
the girl to keep it out. The cupboard 's choked
with papers.
Susan {coming in with bottle and glasses) : I 'm
sure I 'm sorry. I was told —
Lincoln: All right, all right, Susan. Get along
with you.
Susan: Thank you, sir. She goes.
Lincoln {pouring out drink) : Poor hospitality
for whiskey-drinking rascals like yourselves.
But the thought's good. ,
14 Abraham Lincoln
Mr. Stone: Don't mention it, Abraham.
Mr. Cuffney: We wish you well, Abraham.
Our compliments, ma'am. And God bless
America! Samuel, I give you the United States,
and Abraham Lincoln.
Mr. Cuffney and Mr. Stone drink,
Mrs. Lincoln: Thank you.
Lincoln: Samuel, Timothy — I drink to the
hope of honest friends. Mary, to friendship.
I '11 need that always, for I 've a queer, anxious
heart. And, God bless America!
He and Mrs. Lincoln drink.
Mr. Stone: Well, good-night, Abraham. Good-
night, ma'am.
Mr. Cuffney: Good-night, good-night.
Mrs. Lincoln: Good-night, Mr. Stone. Good-
night, Mr. Cuffney.
Lincoln: Good-night, Samuel. Good-night,
Timothy. And thank you for coming.
Mr. Stone and Mr. Cuffney go out.
Mrs. Lincoln: You 'd better see them in here.
Lincoln: Good. Five minutes to seven. You're
sure about it, Mary?
Mrs. Lincoln: Yes. Are n't you?
Abraham Lincoln 15
Lincoln: We mean to set bounds to slavery.
The South will resist. They may try to break
away from the Union. That cannot be allowed.
If the Union is set aside America will crumble.
The saving of it may mean blood.
Mrs. Lincoln: Who is to shape it all if you
don't?
Lincoln: There's nobody. I know it.
Mr s. Lincoln: Then go.
Lincoln: Go.
Mrs. Lincoln (after a moment) : This hat is a
disgrace to you, Abraham. You pay no heed to
what I say, and you think it does n't matter.
A man like you ought to think a little about
gentility.
Lincoln: To be sure. I forget.
Mrs. Lincoln: You don't. You just don't heed.
Samuel Stone's been smoking in here.
Lincoln: He's a careless, poor fellow.
Mrs. Lincoln: He is, and a fine example you
set him. You don't care whether he makes my
parlour smell poison or not.
Lincoln: Of course I do —
Mrs. Lincoln: You don't. Your head is too
1 6 Abraham Lincoln
stuffed with things to think about my ways.
I 've got neighbours if you have n't.
Lincoln: Well, now, your neighbours are
mine, I suppose.
Mrs. Lincoln: Then why won't you consider
appearances a little?
Lincoln: Certainly. I must.
Mrs. Lincoln: Will you get a new hat?
Lincoln: Yes, I must see about it.
Mrs. Lincoln: When?
Lincoln: In a day or two. Before long.
Mrs. Lincoln: Abraham, I've got a better
temper than anybody will ever guess.
Lincoln: You have, my dear. And you need
it, I confess.
Susan comes in.
Susan: The gentlemen have come.
Mrs. Lincoln: I '11 come to them.
Susan: Does the master want a handkerchief,
ma'am ? He did n't take one this morning.
Lincoln: It's no matter now, Susan.
Susan: If you please, I 've brought you one,
sir.
She gives it to him, and goes.
Abraham Lincoln 17
Mrs. Lincoln: I'll send them in. Abraham,
I believe in you.
Lincoln: I know, I know.
Mrs. Lincoln goes out. Lincoln moves to
a map of the United States that is hanging on
the wall, and stands silently looking at it.
After a few moments Susan comes to the door.
Susan: This way, please.
She shows in William Tucker, a florid,
prosperous merchant; Henry Hind, an alert
little attorney; Elias Price, a lean lay
preacher; and James Macintosh, the editor
of a Republican journal. Susan goes.
Tucker: Mr. Lincoln. Tucker my name is —
William Tucker.
He presents his companions.
Mr. Henry Hind — follows your profession,
Mr. Lincoln. Leader of the bar in Ohio. Mr.
Elias Price, of Pennsylvania. You 've heard him
preach, maybe. James Macintosh you know.
I come from Chicago.
Lincoln: Gentlemen, at your service. How
d'ye do, James. Will you be seated?
They sit round the table.
1 8 Abraham Lincoln
Tucker: I have the honour to be chairman of
this delegation. We are sent from Chicago by
the Republican Convention, to enquire whether
you will accept their invitation to become the
Republican candidate for the office of President
of the United States.
Price: The Convention is aware, Mr. Lincoln,
that under the circumstances, seeing that the
Democrats have split, this is more than an in-
vitation to candidature. Their nominee is al-
most certain to be elected.
Lincoln: Gentlemen, I am known to one of
you only. Do you know my many disqualifica-
tions for this work?
Hind: It's only fair to say that they have
been discussed freely.
Lincoln: There are some, shall we say graces,
that I lack. Washington does not altogether
neglect these.
Tucker: They have been spoken of. But these
are days, Mr. Lincoln, if I may say so, too diffi-
cult, too dangerous, for these to weigh at the
expense of other qualities that you were con-
sidered to possess.
Abraham Lincoln 19
Lincoln: Seward and Hook have both had
great experience.
Macintosh: Hook had no strong support. For
Seward, there are doubts as to his discretion.
Lincoln: Do not be under any misunderstand-
ing, I beg you. I aim at moderation so far as it
is honest. But I am a very stubborn man, gen-
tlemen. If the South insists upon the extension
of slavery, and claims the right to secede, as you
know it very well may do, and the decision lies
with me, it will mean resistance, inexorable,
with blood if needs be. I would have every-
body's mind clear as to that.
Price: It will be for you to decide, and we be-
lieve you to be an upright man, Mr. Lincoln.
Lincoln: Seward and Hook would be difficult
to carry as subordinates.
Tucker: But they will have to be carried
so, and there's none likelier for the job than
you.
Lincoln: Will your Republican Press stand
by me for a principle, James, whatever comes ?
Macintosh: There's no other man we would
follow so readily.
20 Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln: If you send me, the South will have
little but derision for your choice.
Hind: We believe that you'll last out their
laughter.
Lincoln: I can take any man's ridicule — I 'm
trained to it by a . . . somewhat odd figure that
it pleased God to give me, if I may so far be
pleasant with you. But this slavery business
will be long, and deep, and bitter. I know it. If
you do me this honour, gentlemen, you must
look to me for no compromise in this matter. If
abolition comes in due time by constitutional
means, good. I want it. But, while we will not
force abolition, we will give slavery no approval,
and we will not allow it to extend its boundaries
by one yard. The determination is in my blood.
When I was a boy I made a trip to New Orleans,
and there I saw them, chained, beaten, kicked
as a man would be ashamed to kick a thieving
dog. And I saw a young girl driven up and down
the room that the bidders might satisfy them-
selves. And I said then, "If ever I get a chance
to hit that thing, I'll hit it hard." A pause.
You have no conditions to make?
Abraham Lincoln 2 1
Tucker: None.
Lincoln {rising): Mrs. Lincoln and I would
wish you to take supper with us.
Tucker: That's very kind, I'm sure. And
your answer, Mr. Lincoln ?
Lincoln: When you came, you did not know
me, Mr. Tucker. You may have something to
say now not for my ears.
Tucker: Nothing in the world, I assure —
Lincoln: I will prepare Mrs. Lincoln. You
will excuse me for no more than a minute.
He goes out.
Tucker: Well, we might have chosen a hand-
somer article, but I doubt whether we could
have chosen a better.
Hind: He would make a great judge — if you
were n't prosecuting.
Price: I 'd tell most people, but I 'd ask that
man.
Tucker: He has n't given us yes or no yet.
Why should he leave us like that, as though
plain was n't plain?
Hind: Perhaps he wanted a thought by him-
self first.
22 Abraham Lincoln
Macintosh: It was n't that. But he was right.
Abraham Lincoln sees deeper into men's hearts
than most. He knows this day will be a memory
to us all our lives. Under his eye, which of you
could have given play to any untoward thought
that had started in you against him since you
came into this room? But, leaving you, he
knew you could test yourselves to your own
ease, and speak the more confident for it, and,
if you found yourselves clean of doubt, carry it
all the happier in your minds after. Is there a
doubt among us ?
Tucker: -\
Hind: >No, none.
Price: )
Macintosh: Then, Mr. Tucker, ask him again
when he comes back.
Tucker: I will.
They sit in silence for a moment, and Lin-
coln comes in again, back to his place at
the table.
Lincoln: I would n't have you think it grace-
less of me to be slow in my answer. But once
given, it 's for the deep good or the deep ill of all
Abraham Lincoln 23
this country. In the face of that a man may well
ask himself twenty times, when he's twenty
times sure. You make no qualification, any one
among you?
Tucker: None. The invitation is as I put it
when we sat down. And I would add that we are,
all of us, proud to bear it to a man as to whom
we feel there is none so fitted to receive it.
Lincoln: I thank you. I accept.
He rises, the others with him. He goes to the
door and calls.
Susan.
There is silence. Susan comes in.
Susan: Yes, Mr. Lincoln.
Lincoln: Take these gentlemen to Mrs. Lin-
coln. I will follow at once.
The four men go with Susan. Lincoln
stands silently for a moment. He goes again
to the map and looks at it. He then turns to
the table again, and kneels beside it, pos-
sessed and deliberate, burying his face in his
hands.
The Curtain falls.
24 Abraham Lincoln
The two Chroniclers: Lonely is the man who
understands.
Lonely is vision that leads a man away
From the pasture-lands,
From the furrows of corn and the brown loads
of hay,
To the mountain-side,
To the high places where contemplation brings
All his adventurings
Among the sowers and the tillers in the wide
Valleys to one fused experience,
That shall control
The courses of his soul,
And give his hand
Courage and continence.
The First Chronicler: Shall a man understand,
He shall know bitterness because his kind,
Being perplexed of mind,
Hold issues even that are nothing mated.
And he shall give
Counsel out of his wisdom that none shall hear;
And steadfast in vain persuasion must he live,
And unabated
Shall his temptation be.
Abraham Lincoln 25
Second Chronicler: Coveting the little, the in-
stant gain,
The brief security,
And easy-tongued renown,
Many will mock the vision that his brain
Builds to a far, unmeasured monument,
And many bid his resolutions down
To the wages of content.
First Chronicler: A year goes by.
The two together: Here contemplate
A heart, undaunted to possess
Itself among the glooms of fate,
In vision and in loneliness.
Scene II.
Ten months later. Seward's room at Washington.
William H. Seward, Secretary of State, is
seated at his table with Johnson White and
Caleb Jennings, representing the Com-
missioners of the Confederate States.
White: It's the common feeling in the South,
Mr. Seward, that you 're the one man at Wash-
26 Abraham Lincoln
ington to see this thing with large imagination.
I say this with no disrespect to the President.
Seward: I appreciate your kindness, Mr.
White. But the Union is the Union — you can't
get over that. We are faced with a plain fact.
Seven of the Southern States have already de-
clared for secession. The President feels — and
I may say that I and my colleagues are with
him — that to break up the country like that
means the decline of America.
Jennings: But everything might be done
by compromise, Mr. Seward. Withdraw your
garrison from Fort Sumter, Beauregard will be
instructed to take no further action, South
Carolina will be satisfied with the recognition
of her authority, and, as likely as not, be willing
to give the lead to the other states in reconsider-
ing secession.
Seward: It is certainly a very attractive and,
I conceive, a humane proposal.
White: By furthering it you might be the
saviour of the country from civil war, Mr.
Seward.
Seward: The President dwelt on his resolu-
Abraham Lincoln 27
tion to hold Fort Sumter in his inaugural ad-
dress. It will be difficult to persuade him to go
back on that. He's firm in his decisions.
White: There are people who would call him
stubborn. Surely if it were put to him tactfully
that so simple a course might avert incalculable
disaster, no man would nurse his dignity to the
point of not yielding. I speak plainly, but it's
a time for plain speaking. Mr. Lincoln is doubt-
less a man of remarkable qualities: on the two
occasions when I have spoken to him I have not
been unimpressed. That is so, Mr. Jennings?
Jennings: Certainly.
White: But what does his experience of great
affairs of state amount to beside yours, Mr.
Seward ? He must know how much he depends
on certain members of his Cabinet, I might say
upon a certain member, for advice.
Seward: We have to move warily.
Jennings: Naturally. A man is sensitive,
doubtless, in his first taste of office.
Seward: My support of the President is, of
course, unquestionable.
White: Oh, entirely. But how can your sup-
28 Abraham Lincoln
port be more valuable than in lending him your
unequalled understanding?
Seward: The whole thing is coloured in his
mind by the question of slavery.
Jennings: Disabuse his mind. Slavery is
nothing. Persuade him to withdraw from Fort
Sumter, and slavery can be settled round a
table. You know there 's a considerable support
even for abolition in the South itself. If the
trade has to be allowed in some districts, what
is that compared to the disaster of civil war?
White: We do not believe that the Southern
States wish with any enthusiasm to secede.
They merely wish to establish their right to do
so. Acknowledge that by evacuating Fort
Sumter, and nothing will come of it but a per-
fectly proper concession to an independence of
spirit that is not disloyal to the Union at heart.
Seward: You understand, of course, that I
can say nothing officially.
Jennings: These are nothing but informal
suggestions.
Seward: But I may tell you that I am not
unsympathetic.
Abraham Lincoln 29
White: We were sure that that would be
so.
Seward: And my word is not without influ-
ence.
Jennings: It can be used to bring you very
great credit, Mr. Seward.
Seward: In the mean time, you will say noth-
ing of this interview, beyond making your re-
ports, which should be confidential.
White: You may rely upon us.
Seward {rising with the others): Then I will
bid you good-morning.
White: We are profoundly sensible of the
magnanimous temper in which we are con-
vinced you will conduct this grave business.
Good-morning, Mr. Seward.
Jennings: And I —
There is a knock at the door.
Seward: Yes — come in.
A Clerk comes in.
Clerk: The President is coming up the stairs,
sir.
Seward: Thank you.
The Clerk goes.
3°
Abraham Lincoln
This is unfortunate. Say nothing, and go at
once.
Lincoln comes in, now whiskered and
bearded.
Lincoln: Good-morning, Mr. Seward. Good-
morning, gentlemen.
Seward: Good-morning, Mr. President. And
I am obliged to you for calling, gentlemen.
Good-morning.
He moves towards the door.
Lincoln: Perhaps these gentlemen could
spare me ten minutes.
White: It might not —
Lincoln: Say five minutes.
Jennings: Perhaps you would —
Lincoln: I am anxious always for any oppor-
tunity to exchange views with our friends of the
South. Much enlightenment may be gained in
five minutes. Be seated, I beg you — if Mr.
Seward will allow us.
Seward: By all means. Shall I leave you?
Lincoln: Leave us — but why? I may want
your support, Mr. Secretary, if we should not
wholly agree. Be seated, gentlemen.
Abraham Lincoln 3 1
Seward places a chair for Lincoln, and
they sit at the table.
You have messages for us ?
White: Well, no, we can't say that.
Lincoln: No messages ? Perhaps I am inquisi-
tive ?
Seward: These gentlemen are anxious to
sound any moderating influences.
Lincoln: I trust they bring moderating influ-
ences with them. You will find me a ready lis-
tener, gentlemen.
Jennings: It 's a delicate matter, Mr. Lincoln.
Ours is just an informal visit.
Lincoln: Quite, quite. But we shall lose noth-
ing by knowing each other's minds.
White: Shall we tell the President what we
came to say, Mr. Seward?
Lincoln: I shall be grateful. If I should fail to
understand, Mr. Seward, no doubt, will en-
lighten me.
Jennings: We thought it hardly worth while
to trouble you at so early a stage.
Lincoln: So early a stage of what?
Jennings: I mean —
32 Abraham Lincoln
Seward: These gentlemen, in a common anx-
iety for peace, were merely seeking the best
channel through which suggestions could be
made.
Lincoln: To whom ?
Seward: To the government.
Lincoln: The head of the government is here.
White: But —
Lincoln: Come, gentlemen. What is it?
Jennings: It's this matter of Fort Sumter,
Mr. President. If you withdraw your garrison
from Fort Sumter it won't be looked upon as
weakness in you. It will merely be looked upon
as a concession to a natural prejudice. We be-
lieve that the South at heart does not want
secession. It wants to establish the right to
decide for itself.
Lincoln: The South wants the stamp of na-
tional approval upon slavery. It can't have
it.
White: Surely that's not the point. There's
no law in the South against slavery.
Lincoln: Laws come from opinion, Mr.
White. The South knows it.
Abraham Lincoln 33
Jennings: Mr. President, if I may say so, you
don't quite understand.
Lincoln: Does Mr. Seward understand?
White: We believe so.
Lincoln: You are wrong. He does n't under-
stand, because you did n't mean him to. I don't
blame you. You think you are acting for the
best. You think you've got an honest case. But
I '11 put your case for you, and I '11 put it naked.
Many people in this country want abolition;
many don't. I'll say nothing for the moment
as to the rights and wrongs of it. But every man,
whether he wants it or not, knows it may come.
Why does the South propose secession? Be-
cause it knows abolition may come, and it wants
to avoid it. It wants more : it wants the right to
extend the slave foundation. We've all been to
blame for slavery, but we in the North have
been willing to mend our ways. You have not.
So you '11 secede, and make your own laws. But
you were n't prepared for resistance; you don't
want resistance. And you hope that if you can
tide over the first crisis and make us give way,
opinion will prevent us from opposing you with
34 Abraham Lincoln
force again, and you '11 be able to get your own
way about the slave business by threats. That's
your case. You did n't say so to Mr. Seward,
but it is. Now, I '11 give you my answer. Gentle-
men, it 's no good hiding this thing in a corner.
It's got to be settled. I said the other day that
Fort Sumter would be held as long as we could
hold it. I said it because I know exactly what it
means. Why are you investing it? Say, if you
like, it's to establish your right of secession with
no purpose of exercising it. Why do you want to
establish that right? Because now we will allow
no extension of slavery, and because some day
we may abolish it. You can't deny it; there's
no other answer.
Jennings: I see how it is. You may force free-
dom as much as you like, but we are to beware
how we force slavery.
Lincoln: It could n't be put better, Mr. Jen-
nings. That's what the Union means. It is a
Union that stands for common right. That is its
foundation — that is why it is for every honest
man to preserve it. Be clear about this issue.
If there is war, it will not be on the slave ques-
Abraham Lincoln 35
tion. If the South is loyal to the Union, it can
fight slave legislation by constitutional means,
and win its way if it can. If it claims the right
to secede, then to preserve this country from
disruption, to maintain that right to which
every state pledged itself when the Union was
won for us by our fathers, war may be the only
way. We won't break up the Union, and you
shan't. In your hands, and not in mine, is the
momentous issue of civil war. You can have no
conflict without yourselves being the aggres-
sors. I am loath to close. We are not enemies,
but friends. We must not be enemies. Though
passion may have strained, do not allow it to
break our bonds of affection. That is our an-
swer. Tell them that. Will you tell them that?
White: You are determined ?
Lincoln: I beg you to tell them.
Jennings: It shall be as you wish.
Lincoln: Implore them to order Beauregard's
return. You can telegraph it now, from here.
Will you do that?
White: If you wish it.
Lincoln: Earnestly. Mr. Seward, will you
36 Abraham Lincoln
please place a clerk at their service. Ask for an
answer.
Seward rings a bell. A Clerk comes in.
Seward: Give these gentlemen a private wire.
Place yourself at their disposal.
Clerk: Yes, sir.
White and Jennings go out with the Clerk.
For a moment Lincoln and Seward are
silent, Lincoln pacing the room, Seward
standing at the table.
Lincoln: Seward, this won't do.
Seward: You don't suspect —
Lincoln: I do not. But let us be plain. No man
can say how wisely, but Providence has brought
me to the leadership of this country, with a task
before me greater than that which rested on
Washington himself. When I made my Cabinet,
you were the first man I chose. I do not regret it.
I think I never shall. But remember, faith earns
faith. What is it? Why did n't those men come
to see me ?
Seward: They thought my word might bear
more weight with you than theirs. y
Lincoln: Your word for what?
Abraham Lincoln 37
Seward: Discretion about Fort Sumter.
Lincoln: Discretion ? -
Seward: It's devastating, this thought of war.
Lincoln: It is. Do you think I 'm less sensible of
that than you ? War should be impossible. But
you can only make it impossible by destroying
its causes. Don't you see that to withdraw from
Fort Sumter is to do nothing of the kind? If one
half of this country claims the right to disown
the Union, the claim in the eyes of every true
guardian among us must be a cause for war, un-
less we hold the Union to be a false thing in-
stead of the public consent to decent principles
of life that it is. If we withdraw from Fort Sum-
ter, we do nothing to destroy that cause. We
can only destroy it by convincing them that
secession is a betrayal of their trust. Please
God we may do so.
Seward: Has there, perhaps, been some timid-
ity in making all this clear to the country?
Lincoln: Timidity? And you were talking of
discretion.
Seward: I mean that perhaps our policy has
not been sufficiently defined.
38 Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln: And have you not concurred in all
our decisions ? Do not deceive yourself. You urge
me to discretion in one breath and tax me with
timidity in the next. While there was hope that
they might call Beauregard back out of their
own good sense, I was determined to say noth-
ing to inflame them. Do you call that timidity?
Now their intention is clear, and you've heard
me speak this morning clearly also. And now
you talk about discretion — you, who call what
was discretion at the right time, timidity, now
counsel timidity at the wrong time, and call it
discretion. Seward, you may think I'm simple,
but I can see your mind working as plainly
as you might see the innards of a clock. You
can bring great gifts to this government, with
your zeal, and your administrative experience,
and your love of men. Don't spoil it by think-
ing I 've got a dull brain.
Seward {slowly) : Yes, I see. I 've not been
thinking quite clearly about it all.
Lincoln {taking a paper from his pocket):
Here's the paper you sent me. " Some Thoughts
for the President's Consideration. Great Brit-
Abraham Lincoln 39
ain . . . Russia . . . Mexico . . . policy. Either
the President must control this himself, or de-
volve it on some member of his Cabinet. It is
not in my especial province, but I neither seek
to evade nor assume responsibility."
There is a pause, the two men looking at each
other without speaking. Lincoln hands the
paper to Seward, who holds it for a moment,
tears it up, and throws it into his basket.
Seward: I beg your pardon.
Lincoln (taking his hand): That's brave of
you.
John Hay, a Secretary, comes in.
Hay: There 's a messenger from Major Ander-
son, sir. He 's ridden straight from Fort Sumter.
Lincoln: Take him to my room. No, bring
him here.
Hay goes.
Seward: What does it mean ?
Lincoln: I don't like the sound of it.
He rings a bell. A Clerk comes in.
Are there any gentlemen of the Cabinet in
the house?
Clerk:~M.r. Chase and Mr. Blair, I believe, sir.
40 Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln: My compliments to them, and will
they be prepared to see me here at once if neces-
sary. Send the same message to any other min-
isters you can find.
Clerk: Yes, sir.
He goes.
Lincoln: We may have to decide now — now.
Hay shows in a perspiring and dust-covered
Messenger, and retires.
From Major Anderson?
The Messenger: Yes, sir. Word of mouth, sir.
Lincoln: Your credentials ?
The Messenger {giving Lincoln a paper):
Here, sir.
Lincoln {glancing at it) : Well ?
The Messenger: Major Anderson presents his
duty to the government. He can hold the Fort
three days more without provisions and rein-
forcements.
Lincoln rings the bell, and waits until a
third Clerk comes in.
Lincoln: See if Mr. White and Mr. Jennings
have had any answer yet. Mr. — what's his
name?
Abraham Lincoln 41
Seward: Hawkins.
Lincoln: Mr. Hawkins is attending to them.
And ask Mr. Hay to come here.
Clerk: Yes, sir.
He goes. Lincoln sits at the table and writes.
Hay comes in.
Lincoln {writing): Mr. Hay, do you know
where General Scott is ?
Hay: At headquarters, I think, sir.
Lincoln: Take this to him yourself and bring
an answer back.
Hay: Yes, sir.
He takes the note, and goes.
Lincoln: Are things very bad at the Fort?
The Messenger: The major says three days,
sir. Most of us would have said twenty-four
hours.
A knock at the door.
Seward: Yes.
Hawkins comes in.
Hawkins: Mr. White is just receiving a mes-
sage across the wire, sir.
Lincoln: Ask him to come here directly he's
finished.
42 Abraham Lincoln
Hawkins: Yes, sir.
He goes. Lincoln goes to a far door and
opens it. He speaks to the Messenger.
Lincoln: Will you wait in here?
The Messenger goes through.
Seward: Do you mind if I smoke?
Lincoln: Not at all, not at all.
Seward lights a cigar.
Three days. If White's message does n't help
us — three days.
Seward: But surely we must withdraw as a
matter of military necessity now.
Lincoln: Why does n't White come?
Seward goes to the window and throws it up.
He stands looking down into the street.
Lincoln stands at the table looking fixedly at
the door. After a moment or two there is a
knock.
Come in.
Hawkins shows in White and Jennings,
and goes out. Seward closes the window.
Well?
White: I 'm sorry. They won't give way.
Lincoln: You told them all I said?
Abraham Lincoln 43
Jennings: Everything.
Lincoln: It's critical.
White: They are definite.
Lincoln paces once or twice up and down the
room, standing again at his place at the table.
Lincoln: They leave no opening? ,
White: I regret to say, none.
Lincoln: It's a grave decision. Terribly grave.
Thank you, gentlemen. Good-morning.
White and Jennings: Good-morning, gentle-
men.
They go out.
Lincoln: My God! Seward, we need great
courage, great faith.
He rings the bell. The Second Clerk comes
in.
Did you take my messages ?
The Clerk: Yes, sir. Mr. Chase and Mr. Blair
are here. The other ministers are coming im-
mediately.
Lincoln: Ask them to come here at once. And
send Mr. Hay in directly he returns.
The Clerk: Yes, sir.
He goes.
44 Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln {after a pause) : "There is a tide in the
affairs of men ..." Do you read Shakespeare,
Seward?
Seward: Shakespeare? No.
Lincoln: Ah !
Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the Treas-
ury, and Montgomery Blair, Postmaster-
General, come in.
Good-morning, Mr. Chase, Mr. Blair.
Seward: Good-morning, gentlemen.
Blair: Good-morning, Mr. President. How
d'ye do, Mr. Seward.
Chase: Good-morning, Mr. President. Some-
thing urgent?
Lincoln: Let us be seated.
As they draw chairs up to the table, the other
members of the Cabinet, Simon Cameron,
Caleb Smith, Burnet Hook, and Gideon
Welles, come in. There is an exchange of
greetings, while they arrange themselves
round the table.
Gentlemen, we meet in a crisis, the most
fateful, perhaps, that has ever faced any gov-
ernment in this country. It can be stated
Abraham Lincoln 45
briefly. A message has just come from Ander-
son. He can hold Fort Sumter three days at
most unless we send men and provisions.
Cameron: How many men?
Lincoln: I shall know from Scott in a few
minutes how many are necessary.
Welles: Suppose we have n't as many.
Lincoln: Then it's a question of provisioning.
We may not be able to do enough to be effective.
The question is whether we shall do as much as
we can.
Hook: If we withdrew altogether, would n't
it give the South a lead towards compromise,
as being an acknowledgment of their authority,
while leaving us free to plead military necessity
if we found public opinion dangerous ?
Lincoln: My mind is clear. To do less than we
can do, whatever that may be, will be funda-
mentally to allow the South's claim to right of
secession. That is my opinion. If you evade the
question now, you will have to answer it to-
morrow.
Blair: I agree with the President.
Hook: We ought to defer action as long as
46 Abraham Lincoln
possible. I consider that we should withdraw.
Lincoln: Don't you see that to withdraw may
postpone war, but that it will make it inevitable
in the end ?
Smith: It is inevitable if we resist.
Lincoln: I fear it will be so. But in that case
we shall enter it with uncompromised principles.
Mr. Chase?
Chase: It is difficult. But, on the whole, my
opinion is with yours, Mr. President.
Lincoln: And you, Seward?
Seward: I respect your opinion, but I must
differ.
A knock at the door.
Lincoln: Come in.
Hay comes in. He gives a letter to Lincoln
and goes.
{Reading) : Scott says twenty thousand men.
Seward: We have n't ten thousand ready.
Lincoln: It remains a question of sending
provisions. I charge you, all of you, to weigh
this thing with all your understanding. To
temporise now, cannot, in my opinion, avert
war. To speak plainly to the world in standing
Abraham Lincoln 47
by our resolution to hold Fort Sumter with all
our means, and in a plain declaration that the
Union must be preserved, will leave us with a
clean cause, simply and loyally supported. I
tremble at the thought of war. But we have in
our hands a sacred trust. It is threatened. We
have had no thought of aggression. We have
been the aggressed. Persuasion has failed, and I
conceive it to be our duty to resist. To withhold
supplies from Anderson would be to deny that
duty. Gentlemen, the matter is before you.
A pause.
For provisioning the fort?
Lincoln, Chase, and Blair hold up their
hands.
For immediate withdrawal?
Seward, Cameron, Smith, Hook, and
Welles hold up their hands. There is a
pause of some moments.
Gentlemen, I may have to take upon myself
the responsibility of over-riding your vote. It
will be for me to satisfy Congress and public
opinion. Should I receive any resignations?
There is silence.
48 Abraham Lincoln
I thank you for your consideration, gentle-
men. That is all.
They rise, and the Ministers, with the excep-
tion of Seward, go out, talking as they pass
beyond the door. ■
You are wrong, Seward, wrong.
Seward: I believe you. I respect your judg-
ment even as far as that. But I must speak as
I feel.
Lincoln: May I speak to this man alone?
Seward: Certainly. , *
He goes out. Lincoln stands motionless for a
moment. Then he moves to a map of the United
States, much larger than the one in his Illi-
nois home, and looks at it as he did there. He
goes to the far door and opens it.
Lincoln: Will you come in ?
The Messenger comes.
Can you ride back to Major Anderson at
once?
The Messenger: Yes, sir.
Lincoln: Tell him that we cannot reinforce
him immediately. We have n't the men.
The Messenger: Yes, sir.
Abraham Lincoln 49
Lincoln: And say that the first convoy of sup-
plies will leave Washington this evening.
The Messenger: Yes, sir.
Lincoln: Thank you.
The Messenger goes. Lincoln stands at
the table for a moment; he rings the bell.
Hawkins comes in.
Mr. Hay, please.
Hawkins: Yes, sir.
He goes, and a moment later Hay comes in.
Lincoln: Go to General Scott. Ask him to
come to me at once.
Hay: Yes, sir.
He goes.
The Curtain falls.
The two Chroniclers: You who have gone
gathering
Cornflowers and meadowsweet,
Heard the hazels glancing down /
On September eves,
Seen the homeward rooks on wing
Over fields of golden wheat,
5<d Abraham Lincoln
And the silver cups that crown
Water-lily leaves;
You who know the tenderness
Of old men at eve-tide,
Coming from the hedgerows,
Coming from the plough,
And the wandering caress
Of winds upon the woodside,
When the crying yaffle goes
Underneath the bough ;
First Chronicler: You who mark the flowing
Of sap upon the May-time,
And the waters welling
From the watershed,
You who count the growing
Of harvest and hay-time,
Knowing these the telling
Of your daily bread;
Second Chronicler: You who cherish courtesy
With your fellows at your gate,
And about your hearthstone sit
Under love's decrees,
Abraham Lincoln 5 1
You who know that death will be
Speaking with you soon or late,
The two together: Kinsmen, what is
mother-wit
But the light of these?
Knowing these, what is there more
For learning in your little years ?
Are not these all gospels bright
Shining on your day?
How then shall your hearts be sore
With envy and her brood of fears,
How forget the words of light .
From the mountain-way? . . .
Blessed are the merciful. . . .
Does not every threshold seek
Meadows and the flight of birds
For compassion still ?
Blessed are the merciful. ... 1
Are we pilgrims yet to speak
Out of Olivet the words
Of knowledge and good-will ?
52 Abraham Lincoln
First Chronicler: Two years of darkness, and
this man but grows
Greater in resolution, more constant in com-
passion.
He goes
The way of dominion in pitiful, high-hearted
fashion.
Scene III.
Nearly two years later.
A small reception room at the White House. Mrs.
Lincoln, dressed in a fashion perhaps a
little too considered, despairing as she now
does of any sartorial grace in her husband,
and acutely conscious that she must meet this
necessity of office alone, is writing. She rings
the bell, and Susan, who has taken her pro-
motion more philosophically, comes in.
Mrs. Lincoln: Admit any one who calls,
Susan. And enquire whether the President will
be in to tea.
Susan: Mr. Lincoln has just sent word that
he will be in.
Mrs. Lincoln: Very well.
Abraham Lincoln 53
Susan is going.
Susan.
Susan: Yes, ma'am.
Mrs. Lincoln: You still say Mr. Lincoln. You
should say the President.
Susan: Yes, ma'am. But you see, ma'am, it's
difficult after calling him Mr. Lincoln for fifteen
years.
Mrs. Lincoln: But you must remember.
Everybody calls him the President now.
Susan: No, ma'am. There's a good many
people call him Father Abraham now. And
there's some that like him even better than
that. Only to-day Mr. Coldpenny, at the stores,
said, "Well, Susan, and how 's old Abe this
morning ? "
Mrs, Lincoln: I hope you don't encourage
them.
Susan: Oh, no, ma'am. I always refer to him
as Mr. Lincoln.
Mrs. Lincoln: Yes, but you must say the
President.
Susan: I 'm afraid I shan't ever learn, ma'am.
Mrs. Lincoln: You must try.
54 Abraham Lincoln
Susan: Yes, of course, ma'am.
Mrs. Lincoln: And bring any visitors up.
Susan: Yes, ma'am. There's a lady waiting
now.
Mrs. Lincoln: Then why did n't you say so?
Susan: That's what I was going to, ma'am,
when you began to talk about Mr. — I mean
the President, ma'am.
Mrs. Lincoln: Well, show her up.
Susan goes. Mrs. Lincoln closes her writ-
ing desk. Susan returns, showing in Mrs.
Goliath Blow.
Susan: Mrs. Goliath Blow.
She goes.
Mrs. Blow: Good-afternoon, Mrs. Lincoln.
Mrs. Lincoln: Good-afternoon, Mrs. Blow.
Sit down, please.
They sit.
Mrs. Blow: And is the dear President well?
Mrs. Lincoln: Yes. He's rather tired.
Mrs. Blow: Of course, to be sure. This dreadful
war. But I hope he 's not getting tired of the war.
Mrs. Lincoln: It's a constant anxiety for him.
He feels his responsibility very deeply.
Abraham Lincoln 55
Mrs. Blow: To be sure. But you must n't let
him get war-weary. These monsters in the
South have got to be stamped out.
Mrs. Lincoln: I don't think you need be
afraid of the President's firmness.
Mrs. Blow: Oh, of course not. I was only say-
ing to Goliath yesterday, "The President will
never give way till he has the South squealing,"
and Goliath agreed.
Susan comes in.
Susan: Mrs. Otherly, ma'am.
Mrs. Lincoln: Show Mrs. Otherly in.
Susan goes.
Mrs. Blow: Oh, that dreadful woman! I be-
lieve she wants the war to stop.
Susan {at the door) : Mrs. Otherly.
Mrs. Otherly comes in and Susan goes.
Mrs. Lincoln: Good-afternoon, Mrs. Otherly.
You know Mrs. Goliath Blow?
Mrs. Otherly: Yes. Good-afternoon.
She sits.
Mrs. Blow: Goliath says the war will go on
for another three years at least.
Mrs. Otherly: Three years? That would be
terrible, would n't it?
56 Abraham Lincoln
Mrs. Blow: We must be prepared to make
sacrifices.
Mrs. Otherly: Yes.
Mrs. Blow: It makes my blood boil to think
of those people.
Mrs. Otherly: I used to know a lot of them.
Some of them were very kind and nice.
Mrs. Blow: That was just their cunning, de-
pend on it. I'm afraid there's a good deal of
disloyalty among us. Shall we see the dear
President this afternoon, Mrs. Lincoln?
Mrs. Lincoln: He will- be here directly, I
think.
Mrs. Blow: You 're looking wonderfully well,
with all the hard work that you have to do. I 've
really had to drop some of mine. And with ex-
penses going up, it's all very lowering, don't
you think? Goliath and I have had to reduce
several of our subscriptions. But, of course, we
all have to deny ourselves something. Ah, good-
afternoon, dear Mr. President.
Lincoln comes in. The Ladies rise and
. shake hands with him.
Lincoln: Good-afternoon, ladies.
Abraham Lincoln 57
Mrs. Other ly: Good-afternoon, Mr. President.
They all sit.
Mrs. Blow: And is there any startling news,
Mr. President?
Lincoln: Madam, every morning when I
wake up, and say to myself, a hundred, or two
hundred, or a thousand of my countrymen will
be killed to-day, I find it startling.
Mrs. Blow: Oh, yes, of course, to be sure. But
I mean, is there any good news.
Lincoln: Yes. There is news of a victory.
They lost twenty-seven hundred men — we
lost eight hundred.
Mrs. Blow: How splendid!
Lincoln: Thirty-five hundred.
Mrs. Blow: Oh, but you must n't talk like
that, Mr. President. There were only eight hun-
dred that mattered.
Lincoln: The world is larger than your heart,
madam.
Mrs. Blow: Now the dear President is be-
coming whimsical, Mrs. Lincoln.
Susan brings in tea-tray, and hands tea
round. Lincoln takes none. Susan goes.
58 Abraham Lincoln
Mrs. Otherly: Mr. President.
Lincoln: Yes, ma'am.
Mrs. Otherly: I don't like to impose upon your
hospitality. I know how difficult everything is
for you. But one has to take one's opportuni-
ties. May I ask you a question?
Lincoln: Certainly, ma'am.
Mrs. Otherly: Is n't it possible for you to stop
this war? In the name of a suffering country,
I ask you that.
Mrs. Blow: I'm sure such a question would
never have entered my head.
Lincoln: It is a perfectly right question.
Ma'am, I have but one thought always — how
can this thing be stopped? But we must ensure
the integrity of the Union. In two years war
has become an hourly bitterness to me. I be-
lieve I suffer no less than any man. But it must
be endured. The cause was a right one two
years ago. It is unchanged.
Mrs. Otherly: I know you are noble and gen-
erous. But I believe that war must be wrong
under any circumstances, for any cause.
Mrs. Blow: I'm afraid the President would
Abraham Lincoln 59
have but little encouragement if he listened
often to this kind of talk.
Lincoln: I beg you not to harass yourself,
madam. Ma'am, I too believe war to be wrong.
It is the weakness and the jealousy and the
folly of men that make a thing so wrong pos-
sible. But we are all weak, and jealous, and
foolish. That's how the world is, ma'am, and
we cannot outstrip the world. Some of the
worst of us are sullen, aggressive still — just
clumsy, greedy pirates. Some of us have grown
out of that. But the best of us have an instinct
to resist aggression if it won't listen to persua-
sion. You may say it's a wrong instinct. I don't
know. But it's there, and it's there in millions
of good men. I don't believe it's a wrong in-
stinct. I believe that the world must come to
wisdom slowly. It is for us who hate aggression
to persuade men always and earnestly against
it, and hope that, little by little, they will hear
us. But in the mean time there will come mo-
ments when the aggressors will force the in-
stinct to resistance to act. Then we must act
earnestly, praying always in our courage that
60 Abraham Lincoln
never again will this thing happen. And then
we must turn again, and again, and again to
persuasion. This appeal to force is the misdeed
of an imperfect world. But we are imperfect.
We must strive to purify the world, but we
must not think ourselves pure above the world.
When I had this thing to decide, it would have
been easy to say, "No, I will have none of it; it
is evil, and I will not touch it." But that would
have decided nothing, and I saw what I be-
lieved to be the truth as I now put it to you,
ma'am. It's a forlorn thing for any man to have
this responsibility in his heart. I may see
wrongly, but that's how I see.
Mrs. Blow: I quite agree with you, Mr. Presi-
dent. These brutes in the South must be taught,
though I doubt whether you can teach them
anything except by destroying them. That's
what Goliath says.
Lincoln: Goliath must be getting quite an
old man.
Mrs. Blow: Indeed, he's not, Mr. President.
Goliath is only thirty-eight.
Lincoln: Really, now? Perhaps I might be
able to get him a commission.
Abraham Lincoln 6i
Mrs. Blow: Oh, no. Goliath could n't be
spared. He's doing contracts for the govern-
ment, you know. Goliath could n't possibly go.
I 'm sure he will be very pleased when I tell him
what you say about these people who want
to stop the war, Mr. President. I hope Mrs.
Otherly is satisfied. Of course, we could all
complain. We all have to make sacrifices, as I
told Mrs. Otherly.
Mrs. Otherly: Thank you, Mr. President, for
what you've said. I must try to think about it.
But I always believed war to be wrong. I did
n't want my boy to go, because I believed it to
be wrong. But he would. That came to me last
week.
She hands a paper to Lincoln.
Lincoln {looks at it, rises, and hands it back to
her) : Ma'am, there are times when no man may
speak. I grieve for you, I grieve for you.
Mrs. Otherly {rising) : I think I will go. You
don't mind my saying what I did ?
Lincoln: We are all poor creatures, ma'am.
Think kindly of me. {He takes her hand.) Mary.
Mrs. Lincoln goes out with Mrs. Otherly.
62 Abraham Lincoln
Mrs. Blow: Of course it's very sad for her,
poor woman. But she makes her trouble worse
by these perverted views, does n't she? And,
I hope you will show no signs of weakening,
Mr. President, till it has been made impossible
for those shameful rebels to hold up their heads
again. Goliath says you ought to make a proc-
lamation that no mercy will be shown to them
afterwards. I 'm sure I shall never speak to one
of them again.
Rising.
Well, I must be going. I '11 see Mrs. Lincoln
as I go out. Good-afternoon, Mr. President.
She turns at the door, and offers Lincoln her
hand, which he does not take.
Lincoln: Good-afternoon, madam. And I'd
like to offer ye a word of advice. That poor
mother told me what she thought. I don't agree
with her, but I honour her. She's wrong, but
she is noble. You've told me what you think.
I don't agree with you, and I 'm ashamed of you
and your like. You, who have sacrificed noth-
ing, babble about destroying the South while
other people conquer it. I accepted this war
Abraham Lincoln 63
with a sick heart, and I've a heart that's near
to breaking every day. I accepted it in the name
of humanity, and just and merciful dealing, and
the hope of love and charity on earth. And you
come to me, talking of revenge and destruction,
and malice, and enduring hate. These gentle
people are mistaken, but they are mistaken
cleanly, and in a great name. It is you that dis-
honour the cause for which we stand — it is
you who would make it a mean and little thing.
Good-afternoon .
He opens the door and Mrs. Blow, find-
ing words inadequate, goes. Lincoln moves
across the room and rings a bell. After a
moment, Susan comes in.
Susan, if that lady comes here again she may
meet with an accident.
Susan: Yes, sir. Is that all, sir?
Lincoln: No, sir, it is not all, sir. I don't like
this coat. I am going to change it. I shall be
back in a minute or two, and if a gentleman
named Mr. William Custis calls, ask him to
wait in here.
He goes out. Susan collects the teacups. As
64. Abraham Lincoln
she is going to the door a quiet, grave white-
haired negro appears facing her. Susan
starts violently.
The Negro {he talks slowly and very quietly) :
It is all right.
Susan: And who in the name of night might
you be ?
The Negro: Mista William Custis. Mista
Lincoln tell me to come here. Nobody stop me,
so I come to look for him.
Susan: Are you Mr. William Custis ?
Custis: Yes.
Susan: Mr. Lincoln will be here directly.
He's gone to change his coat. You'd better sit
down.
Custis: Yes.
He does so, looking about him with a certain
pathetic inquisitiveness.
Mista Lincoln live here. You his servant?
A very fine thing for young girl to be servant to
Mista Lincoln.
Susan: Well, we get on very well together.
Custis: A very bad thing to be slave in
South.
Abraham Lincoln 65
Susan: Look here, you Mr. Custis, don't you
go mixing me up with slaves.
Custis: No, you not slave. You servant, but
you free body. That very mighty thing. A poor
servant, born free.
Susan: Yes, but look here, are you pitying
me, with your poor servant?
Custis: Pity? No. I think you very mighty.
Susan: Well, I don't know so much about
mighty. But I expect you're right. It is n't
every one that rises to the White House.
Custis: It not every one that is free body.
That is why you mighty.
Susan: I 've never thought much about it.
Custis: I think always about it.
Susan: I suppose you're free, are n't you?
Custis: Yes. Not born free. I was beaten when
I a little nigger. I saw my mother — I will not
remember what I saw.
Susan: I'm sorry, Mr. Custis. That was
wrong.
Custis: Yes. Wrong.
Susan: Are all nig — I mean are all black
gentlemen like you ?
66 Abraham Lincoln
Custis: No. I have advantages. They not
many have advantages.
Susan: No, I suppose not. Here's Mr. Lin-
coln coming.
Lincoln, coated after his heart's desire,
comes to the door. Custis rises.
This is the gentleman you said, sir.
She goes out with the tray.
Lincoln: Mr. Custis, I 'm very glad to see you.
He offers his hand. Custis takes it, and is
about to kiss it. Lincoln stops him gently.
{Sitting) : Sit down, will you ?
Custis (still standing,, keeping his hat in his
hand) : It very kind of Mista Lincoln ask me
to come to see him.
Lincoln: I was afraid you might refuse.
Custis: A little shy? Yes. But so much to ask.
Glad to come.
Lincoln: Please sit down.
Custis: Polite?
Lincoln: Please. I can't sit myself, you see, if
you don't.
Custis: Black, black. White, white.
Lincoln: Nonsense. Just two old men, sitting
Abraham Lincoln 67
together (Custis sits to Lincoln's gesture) —
and talking.
Custis: I think I older man than Mista Lincoln.
Lincoln: Yes, I expect you are. I 'm fifty-four.
Custis: I seventy-two.
Lincoln: I hope I shall look as young when
I'm seventy-two.
Custis: Cold water. Much walk. Believe in
Lord Jesus Christ. Have always little herbs
learnt when a little nigger. Mista Lincoln try.
Very good.
He hands a small twist of paper to Lincoln.
Lincoln: Now, that's uncommon kind of you.
Thank you. I've heard much about your
preaching, Mr. Custis.
Custis: Yes.
Lincoln: I should like to hear you.
Custis: Mista Lincoln great friend of my
people. •
Lincoln: I have come at length to a decision.
Custis: A decision ?
Lincoln: Slavery is going. We have been re-
solved always to confine it. Now it shall be
abolished.
68 Abraham Lincoln
Custis: You sure?
Lincoln: Sure.
Custis slowly stands up, bows his head, and
sits again.
Custis: My people much to learn. Years, and
years, and years. Ignorant, frightened, sus-
picious people. It will be difficult, very slow.
{With growing passion.) But born free bodies.
Free. I born slave, Mista Lincoln. No man
understand who not born slave.
Lincoln: Yes, yes. I understand.
Custis {with his normal regularity) : I think so.
Yes.
Lincoln: I should .like you to ask me any
question you wish.
Custis: I have some complaint. Perhaps I not
understand.
Lincoln: Tell me.
Custis: Southern soldiers take some black
men prisoner. Black men in your uniform.
Take them prisoner. Then murder them.
Lincoln: I know.
Custis: What you do?
Lincoln: We have sent a protest.
Abraham Lincoln 69
Custis: No good. Must do more.
Lincoln: What more can we do?s
Custis: You know.
Lincoln: Yes; but don't ask me for reprisals.
Custis {gleaming) : Eye for an eye, tooth for
a tooth.
Lincoln: No, no. You must think. Think
what you are saying.
Custis: I think of murdered black men.
Lincoln: You would not ask me to murder?
Custis: Punish — not murder.
Lincoln: Yes, murder. How can I kill men in
cold blood for what has been done by others?
Think what would follow. It is for us to set a
great example, not to follow a wicked one. You
do believe that, don't you?
Custis {after a pause) : I know. Yes. Let your
light so shine before men. I trust Mista Lincoln.
Will trust. I was wrong. I was too sorry for my
people.
Lincoln: Will you remember this? For more
than two years I have thought of you every
day. I have grown a weary man with thinking.
But I shall not forget. I promise that.
7<d Abraham Lincoln
Custis: You great, kind friend. I will love
you.
A knock at the door.
Lincoln: Yes.
Susan comes in.
Susan: An officer gentleman. He says it's
very important.
Lincoln: I '11 come.
He and Custis rise.
Wait, will you, Mr. Custis? I want to ask you
some questions.
He goes out. It is getting dark, and Susan
lights a lamp and draws the curtains. Custis
stands by the door looking after Lincoln.
Custis: He very good man.
Susan: You've found that out, have you?
Custis: Do you love him, you white girl?
Susan: Of course I do.
Custis: Yes, you must.
Susan: He's a real white man. No offence, of
course.
Custis: Not offend. He talk to me as if black
no difference.
Susan: But I tell you what, Mr. Custis. He'll
Abraham Lincoln 71
kill himself over this war, his heart's that kind
— like a shorn lamb, as they say.
Custis: Very unhappy war.
Susan: But I suppose he's right. It's got to
go on till it's settled.
In the street below a body of people is heard
approaching, singing "John Brown9 s Body."
Custis and Susan stand listening, Susan
joining in the song as it passes and fades
away.
The Curtain falls.
First Chronicler: Unchanged our
time. And further yet
In loneliness must be the way,
And difficult and deep the debt
. Of constancy to pay.
Second Chronicler: And one denies,
and one forsakes.
And still unquestioning he goes,
Who has his lonely thoughts, and makes
A world of those.
72 Abraham Lincoln
The two together: When the high
heart we magnify,
And the sure vision celebrate, '
And worship greatness passing by,
Ourselves are great.
Scene IV.
About the same date. A meeting of the Cabinet at
Washington. Smith has gone and Cameron
has been replaced by Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War. Otherwise the ministry,
completed by Seward, Chase, Hook,
Blair, and Welles, is as before. They
are now arranging themselves at the table,
leaving Lincoln's place empty.
Seward (coming in): I've just had my sum-
mons. Is there some special news?
Stanton: Yes. McClellan has defeated Lee at
Antietam. It's our greatest success. They ought
not to recover from it. The tide is turning.
Blair: Have you seen the President?
Stanton: I Ve just been with him.
Welles: What does he say?
Abraham Lincoln 73
Stanton: He only said, "At last." He 's coming
directly.
Hook: He will bring up his proclamation
again. In my opinion it is inopportune.
Seward: Well, we Ve learnt by now that the
President is the best man among us.
Hook: There's a good deal of feeling against
him everywhere, I find.
Blair: He's the one man with character
enough for this business.
Hook: There are other opinions.
Seward: Yes, but not here, surely.
Hook: It's not for me to say. But I ask you,
what does he mean about emancipation? I've
always understood that it was the Union we
were fighting for, and that abolition was to be
kept in our minds for legislation at the right
moment. And now one day he talks as though
emancipation were his only concern, and the
next as though he would throw up the whole
idea, if by doing it he could secure peace with
the establishment of the Union. Where are we?
Seward: No, you're wrong. It's the Union
first now with him, but there's no question
74 Abraham Lincoln
about his views on slavery. You know that per-
fectly well. But he has always kept his policy
about slavery free in his mind, to be directed as
he thought best for the sake of the Union. You
remember his words: "If I could save the
Union without freeing any slaves, I would do
it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves,
I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing
some and leaving others alone, I would also do
that. My paramount object in this struggle is to
save the Union." Nothing could be plainer than
that, just as nothing could be plainer than his
determination to free the slaves when he can.
Hook: Well, there are some who would have
acted differently.
Blair: And you may depend upon it they
would not have acted so wisely.
Stanton: I don't altogether agree with the
President. But he's the only man I should
agree with at all.
Hook: To issue the proclamation now, and
that's what he will propose, mark my words,
will be to confuse the public mind just when
we want to keep it clear. -
Abraham Lincoln 75
Welles: Are you sure he will propose to issue
it now?
Hook: You see if he does n't.
Welles: If he does I shall support him.
Seward: Is Lee's army broken?
Stanton: Not yet — but it is in grave danger.
Hook: Why does n't the President come?
One would think this news was nothing.
Chase: I must say I 'm anxious to know what
he has to say about it all.
A Clerk comes in.
Clerk: The President's compliments, and he
will be here in a moment.
He goes.
Hook: I shall oppose it if it comes up.
Chase: He may say nothing about it.
Seward: I think he will.
Stanton: Anyhow, it's the critical moment.
Blair: Here he comes.
Lincoln comes in carrying a small book.
Lincoln: Good-morning, gentlemen.
He takes his place.
The Ministers: Good-morning, Mr. President.
Seward: Great news, we hear.
j 6 Abraham Lincoln
Hook: If we leave things with the army to
take their course for a little now, we ought to
see through our difficulties.
Lincoln: It's an exciting morning, gentlemen.
I feel rather excited myself. I find my mind not
at its best in excitement. Will you allow me?
Opening his book.
It may compose us all. It is Mr. Artemus
Ward's latest.
The Ministers, with the exception of
Hook, who makes no attempt to hide his irri-
tation, and Stanton, who would do the same
but for his disapproval of Hook, listen with
good-humoured patience and amusement
while he reads the following passage from
Artemus Ward.
"High Handed Outrage at Utica."
"In the Faul of 1856, I showed my show in
Utiky, a trooly grate city in the State of New
York. The people gave me a cordyal recepshun.
The press was loud in her prases. 1 day as I was
givin a descripshun of my Beests and Snaiks in
my usual flowry stile what was my skorn and
disgust to see a big burly feller walk up to the
Abraham Lincoln 77
cage containin my wax figgers of the Lord's
last Supper, and cease Judas Iscarrot by the
feet and drag him out on the ground. He then
commenced fur to pound him as hard as he
cood.
" ' What under the son are you abowt,'
cried I.
"Sez he, 'What did you bring this pussy-
lanermus cuss here fur?' and he hit the wax
figger another tremenjis blow on the hed.
"Sez I, 'You egrejus ass, that airs a wax
figger — a representashun of the false 'Postle.'
"Sez he, 'That's all very well fur you to say;
but I tell you, old man, that Judas Iscarrot
can't show himself in Utiky with impunerty by
a darn site,' with which observashun he kaved
in Judassis hed. The young man belonged to 1
of the first famerlies in Utiky. I sood him, and
the Joory brawt in a verdick of Arson in the
3d degree."
Stanton: May we now consider affairs of
state ?
Hook: Yes, we may.
Lincoln: Mr. Hook says, yes, we may.
7 8 Abraham Lincoln
Stanton: Thank you.
Lincoln: Oh, no. Thank Mr. Hook.
Seward: McClellan is in pursuit of Lee, I
suppose.
Lincoln: You suppose a good deal. But for
the first time McClellan has the chance of be-
ing in pursuit of Lee, and that's the first sign
of their end. If McClellan does n't take his
chance, we '11 move Grant down to the job. That
will mean delay, but no matter. The mastery
has changed hands.
Blair: Grant drinks.
Lincoln: Then tell me the name of his brand.
I'll send some barrels to the others. He wins
victories.
Hook: Is there other business?
Lincoln: There is. Some weeks ago I showed
you a draft I made proclaiming freedom for all
slaves.
Hook {aside to Welles) : I told you so.
Lincoln: You thought then it was not the
time to issue it. I agreed. I think the moment
has come. May I read it to you again? "It is
proclaimed that on the first day of January in
Abraham Lincoln
79
the yeaj of our Lord one thousand eight hun-
dred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves
within any state, the people whereof shall then
be in rebellion against the United States, shall
be then, thenceforward, and forever free." That
allows three months from to-day. There are
clauses dealing with compensation in a sepa-
rate draft.
Hook: I must oppose the issue of such a proc-
lamation at this moment in the most unquali-
fied terms. This question should be left until
our victory is complete. To thrust it forward
now would be to invite dissension when we
most need unity.
Welles: I do not quite understand, Mr. Presi-
dent, why you think this the precise moment.
Lincoln: Believe me, gentlemen, I have con-
sidered this matter with all the earnestness and
understanding of which I am capable.
Hook: But when the "New York Tribune"
urged you to come forward with a clear decla-
ration six months ago, you rebuked them.
Lincoln: Because I thought the occasion not
the right one. It was useless to issue a procla-
80 Abraham Lincoln
mation that might be as inoperative as the Pope's
bull against the comet. My duty, it has seemed
to me, has been to be loyal to a principle, and
not to betray it by expressing it in action at the
wrong time. That is what I conceive statesman-
ship to be. For long now I have had two fixed
resolves. To preserve the Union, and to abolish
slavery. How to preserve the Union I was al-
ways clear, and more than two years of bitter-
ness have not dulled my vision. We have fought
for the Union, and we are now winning for the
Union. When and how to proclaim abolition I
have all this time been uncertain. I am uncer-
tain no longer. A few weeks ago I saw that, too,
clearly. So soon, I said to myself, as the rebel
army shall be driven out of Maryland, and it
becomes plain to the world that victory is as-
sured to us in the end, the time will have come
to announce that with that victory and a vindi-
cated Union will come abolition. I made the
promise to myself — and to my Maker. The
rebel army is now driven out, and I am going to
fulfil that promise. I do not wish your advice
about the main matter, for that I have deter-
Abraham Lincoln 8 1
mined for myself. This I say without intending
anything but respect for any one of you. But
I beg you to stand with me in this thing.
Hook: In my opinion, it's altogether too im-
petuous.
Lincoln: One other observation I will make.
I know very well that others might in this mat-
ter, as in others, do better than I can, and if
I was satisfied that the public confidence was
more fully possessed by any one of them than
by me, and knew of any constitutional way in
which he could be put in my place, he should
have it. I would gladly yield it to him. But,
though I cannot claim undivided confidence,
I do not know that, all things considered, any
other person has more; and, however this may
be, there is no way in which I can have any
other man put where I am. I am here; I must
do the best I can, and bear the responsibility
of taking the course which I feel I ought to
take.
Stanton: Could this be left over a short time
for consideration ?
Chase: I feel that we should remember that
82 Abraham Lincoln
our only public cause at the moment is the
preservation of the Union.
Hook: I entirely agree.
Lincoln: Gentlemen, we cannot escape his-
tory. We of this administration will be re-
membered in spite of ourselves. No personal
significance or insignificance can spare one or
another of us. In giving freedom to the slave we
assure freedom to the free. We shall nobly save
cr meanly lose the last, best hope on earth.
He places the proclamation in front of him.
"Shall be thenceforward and forever free."
Gentlemen, I pray for your support.
He signs it.
The Ministers rise. Seward, Welles,
and Blair shake Lincoln's hand and go out.
Stanton and Chase bow to him, and follow.
Hook, the last to rise, moves away, making
no sign.
Lincoln: Hook.
Hook: Yes, Mr. President.
Lincoln: Hook, one cannot help hearing
things.
Hook: I beg your pardon?
Abraham Lincoln 83
Lincoln: Hook, there's a way some people
have, when a man says a disagreeable thing, of
asking him to repeat it, hoping to embarrass him.
It 's often effective. But I 'm not easily embar-
rassed. I said one cannot help hearing things.
Hook: And I do not understand what you
mean, Mr. President.
Lincoln: Come, Hook, we're alone. Lincoln is
a good enough name. And I think you under-
stand.
Hook: How should I?
Lincoln: Then, plainly, there are intrigues
going on.
Hook: Against the government?
Lincoln: No. In it. Against me.
Hook: Criticism, perhaps.
Lincoln: To what end? To better my ways?
Hook: I presume that might be the purpose.
Lincoln: Then, why am I not told what it is ?
Hook: I imagine it's a natural compunction.
Lincoln: Or ambition?
Hook: What do you mean?
Lincoln: You think you ought to be in my
place.
84 Abraham Lincoln
Hook: You are well informed.
Lincoln: You cannot imagine why every
one does not see that you ought to be in my
place. ,
Hook: By what right do you say that?
Lincoln: Is it not true?
Hook: You take me unprepared. You have
me at a disadvantage.
Lincoln: You speak as a very scrupulous man,
Hook.
Hook: Do you question my honour?
Lincoln: As you will.
Hook: Then I resign.
Lincoln: As a protest against . . . ?
Hook: Your suspicion.
Lincoln: It is false?
Hook: Very well, I will be frank. I mistrust
your judgment.
Lincoln: In what?
Hook: Generally. You over-emphasise aboli-
tion.
Lincoln: You don't mean that. You mean
that you fear possible public feeling against
abolition.
Abraham Lincoln 85
Hook: It must be persuaded, not forced.
Lincoln: All the most worthy elements in it
are persuaded. But the ungenerous elements
make the most noise, and you hear them only.
You will run from the terrible name of Aboli-
tionist even when it is pronounced by worthless
creatures whom you know you have every rea-
son to despise.
Hook: You have, in my opinion, failed in nec-
essary firmness in saying what will be the indi-
vidual penalties of rebellion.
Lincoln: This is a war. I will not allow it to
become a blood-feud.
Hook: We are fighting treason. We must
meet it with severity.
Lincoln: We will defeat treason. And I will
meet it with conciliation.
Hook: It is a policy of weakness.
Lincoln: It is a policy of faith — it is a policy
of compassion. {Warmly.) Hook, why do you
plague me with these jealousies? Once before
I found a member of my Cabinet working be-
hind my back. But he was disinterested, and he
made amends nobly. But, Hook, you have
86 Abraham Lincoln
allowed the burden of these days to sour you.
I know it all. I've watched you plotting and
plotting for authority. And I, who am a lonely
man, have been sick at heart. So great is the
task God has given to my hand, and so few are
my days, and my deepest hunger is always for
loyalty in my own house. You have withheld it
from me. You have done great service in your
office, but you have grown envious. Now you
resign, as you did once before when I came
openly to you in friendship. And you think that
again I shall flatter you and coax you to stay.
I don't think I ought to do it. I will not do it.
I must take you at your word.
Hook: I am content.
He turns to go.
Lincoln: Will you shake hands ?
Hook: I beg you will excuse me.
He goes. Lincoln stands silently for a mo-
ment, a travelled, lonely captain. He rings a
bell, and a Clerk comes in.
Lincoln: Ask Mr. Hay to come in.
Clerk: Yes, sir.
He goes. Lincoln, from the folds of his
Abraham Lincoln 87
pockets, produces another book, and holds it
unopened. Hay comes in.
Lincoln: I'm rather tired to-day, Hay. Read
to me a little. (He hands him the book.) "The
Tempest" — you know the passage.
Hay {reading): Our revels now are ended;
these our actors,
As I foretold you, were all spirits, and
Are melted into air, into thin air;
And, like the baseless fabric of this vision,
The cloud-capp'd towers, the gorgeous palaces,
The solemn temples, the great globe itself,
Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve
And, like this insubstantial pageant faded,
Leave not a rack behind. We are such stuff
As dreams are made on, and our little life
Is rounded with a sleep.
Lincoln: We are such stuff
As dreams are made on, and our little life . . .
The Curtain falls.
First Chronicler: Two years again.
Desolation of battle, and long debate,
Counsels and prayers of men,
88 Abraham Lincoln
And bitterness of destruction and witless
hate,
And the shame of lie contending with lie,
Are spending themselves, and the brain
That set its lonely chart four years gone by,
Knowing the word fulfilled,
Comes with charity and communion to bring
To reckoning,
To reconcile and build.
The two together: What victor coming from
the field
Leaving the victim desolate,
But has a vulnerable shield
Against the substances of fate?
That battle's won that leads in chains
But retribution and despite,
And bids misfortune count her gains
Not stricken in a penal night.
His triumph is but bitterness
Who looks not to the starry doom
When proud and humble but possess
The little kingdom of the tomb.
Abraham Lincoln 89
Who, striking home, shall not forgive,
Strikes with a weak returning rod,
Claiming a fond prerogative
Against the armoury of God.
Who knows, and for his knowledge stands
Against the darkness in dispute,
And dedicates industrious hands,
And keeps a spirit resolute,
Prevailing in the battle, then
A steward of his word is made,
To bring it honour among men,
Or know his captaincy betrayed.
Scene V.
An April evening in 1865. A farmhouse near
Appomattox. General Grant, Commander-
in-Chief, under Lincoln, of the Northern
armies, is seated at a table with Captain
Malins, an aide-de-camp. He is smoking a
cigar, and at intervals he replenishes his glass
of whiskey. Dennis, an orderly, sits at a
table in the corner, writing.
9°
Abraham Lincoln
Grant (consulting a large watch lying in front
of him) : An hour and a half. There ought to be
something more from Meade by now. Dennis.
Dennis (coming to the table) : Yes, sir.
Grant: Take these papers to Captain Temple-
man, and ask Colonel West if the twenty-third
are in action yet. Tell the cook to send some
soup at ten o'clock. Say it was cold yesterday.
Dermis: Yes, sir.
He goes.
Grant: Give me that map, Malins.
Malins hands him the map at which he is
working.
(After studying it in silence) : Yes. There's no
doubt about it. Unless Meade goes to sleep it
can only be a question of hours. Lee's a great
man, but he can't get out of that.
Making a ring on the map with his finger.
Malins (taking the map again) : This ought to
be the end, sir.
Grant: Yes. If Lee surrenders, we can all pack
up for home.
Malins: By God, sir, it will be splendid, won't
it, to be back again ?
Abraham Lincoln gi
Grant: By God, sir, it will.
Malins: I beg your pardon, sir.
Grant: You're quite right, Malins. My boy
goes to school next week. My word, I may
be able to go down with him and see him set-
tled in.
Dennis comes back.
Dennis: Colonel West says, yes, sir, for the
last half-hour. The cook says he's sorry, sir. It
was a mistake.
Grant: Tell him to keep his mistakes in the
kitchen.
Dennis: I will, sir.
He goes back to his place.
Grant {at his papers) : Those rifles went up this
afternoon ?
Malins: Yes, sir.
Another Orderly comes in.
Orderly: Mr. Lincoln has just arrived, sir.
He 's in the yard now.
Grant: All right, I '11 come.
The Orderly goes. Grant rises and crosses
to the door, but is met there by Lincoln and
Hay. Lincoln, in top boots and tall hat that
92 Abraham Lincoln
has seen many campaigns, shakes hands with
Grant and takes Malins's salute.
Grant: I was n't expecting you, sir.
Lincoln: No; but I could n't keep away.
How's it going?
They sit.
Grant: Meade sent word an hour and a half
ago that Lee was surrounded all but two miles,
which was closing in.
Lincoln: That ought about to settle it, eh ?
Grant: Unless anything goes wrong in those
two miles, sir. I'm expecting a further report
from Meade every minute.
Lincoln: Would there be more fighting?
Grant: It will probably mean fighting through
the night, more or less. But Lee must realise it's
hopeless by the morning.
An Orderly (entering) : A despatch, sir.
Grant: Yes.
The Orderly goes, and a Young Officer
comes in from the field. He salutes and hands
a despatch to Grant.
Officer: From General Meade, sir.
Grant {taking it) : Thank you.
Abraham Lincoln 93
He opens it and reads.
You need n't wait.
The Officer salutes and goes.
Yes, they've closed the ring. Meade gives
them ten hours. It's timed at eight. That's six
o'clock in the morning.
He hands the despatch to Lincoln.
Lincoln: We must be merciful. Bob Lee has
been a gallant fellow.
Grant {taking a paper): Perhaps you'll look
through this list, sir. I hope it's the last we shall
have.
Lincoln {taking the paper) : It's a horrible part
of the business, Grant. Any shootings?
Grant: One.
Lincoln: Damn it, Grant, why can't you
do without it? No, no, of course not? Who
is it?
Grant: Malins.
Malins {opening a book) : William Scott, sir.
It's rather a hard case.
Lincoln: What is it?
Malins: He had just done a heavy march, sir,
and volunteered for double guard duty to re-
g4 Abraham Lincoln
lieve a sick friend. He was found asleep at his
post.
He shuts the book.
Grant: I was anxious to spare him. But it
could n't be done. It was a critical place, at a
gravely critical time.
Lincoln: When is it to be?
Matins: To-morrow, at daybreak, sir.
Lincoln: I don't see that it will do him any
good to be shot. Where is he?
Matins: Here, sir.
Lincoln: Can I go and see him?
Grant: Where is he?
Matins: In the barn, I believe, sir.
Grant: Dennis.
Dennis (coming from his table) : Yes, sir.
Grant: Ask them to bring Scott in here.
Dennis goes.
I want to see Colonel West. Malins, ask
Templeman if those figures are ready yet.
He goes, and Malins follows.
Lincoln: Will you, Hay?
Hay goes. After a moment, during which
Lincoln takes the book that Malins has
Abraham Lincoln 95
been reading from, and looks into it, Wil-
liam Scott is brought in under guard. He
is a boy of twenty.
Lincoln {to the Guard): Thank you. Wait
outside, will you ?
The Men salute and withdraw.
Are you William Scott?
Scott: Yes, sir.
Lincoln: You know who I am?
Scott: Yes, sir.
Lincoln: The General tells me you've been
court-martialled.
Scott: Yes, sir.
Lincoln: Asleep on guard ?
Scott: Yes, sir.
Lincoln: It's a very serious offence.
Scott: I know, sir.
Lincoln: What was it?
Scott (a pause) : I could n't keep awake, sir.
Lincoln: You 'd had a long march ?
Scott: Twenty-three miles, sir.
Lincoln: You were doing double guard?
Scott: Yes, sir.
Lincoln: Who ordered you ?
g6 Abraham Lincoln
Scott: Well, sir, I offered.
Lincoln: Why?
Scott: Enoch White — he was sick, sir. We
come from the same place.
Lincoln: Where's that?
Scott: Vermont, sir.
Lincoln: You live there?
Scott: Yes, sir. My . . . we've got a farm down
there, sir.
Lincoln: Who has ?
Scott: My mother, sir. I've got her photo-
graph, sir.
He takes it from his pocket.
Lincoln {taking it) : Does she know about this ?
Scott: For God's sake, don't, sir.
Lincoln: There, there, my boy. You're not
going to be shot.
Scott (after a pause) : Not going to be shot,
sir.
Lincoln: No, no.
Scott: Not — going — to — be — shot.
He breaks down, sobbing.
Lincoln (rising and going to him): There,
there. I believe you when you tell me that you
Abraham Lincoln 97
could n't keep awake. I'm going to trust you,
and send you back to your regiment.
He goes back to his seat,
Scott: When may I go back, sir?
Lincoln: You can go back to-morrow. I expect
the fighting will be over, though.
Scott: Is it over yet, sir?
Lincoln: Not quite.
Scott: Please, sir, let me go back to-night —
let me go back to-night.
Lincoln: Very well.
He writes.
Do you know where General Meade is ?
Scott: No, sir.
Lincoln: Ask one of those men to come
here.
Scott calls one of his guards in.
Lincoln: Your prisoner is discharged. Take
him at once to General Meade with this.
He hands a note to the man.
The Soldier: Yes, sir.
Scott: Thank you, sir.
He salutes and goes out with the Soldier.
Lincoln: Hay.
g 8 Abraham Lincoln
Hay {outside) : Yes, sir.
He comes in.
Lincoln: What's the time?
Hay {looking at the watch on the table) : Just on
half-past nine, sir.
Lincoln: I shall sleep here for a little. You 'd
better shake down too. They'll wake us if
there's any news.
Lincoln wraps himself up on two chairs.
Hay follows suit on a bench. After a few
moments Grant comes to the door, sees what
has happened, blows out the candles quietly,
and goes away.
The Curtain falls.
The First Chronicler: Under the stars an end
is made,
And on the field the Southern blade
Lies broken,
And, where strife was, shall union be,
And, where was bondage, liberty.
The word is spoken. ...
Night passes.
The Curtain rises on the same scene, Lin-
Abraham Lincoln gg
coln and Hay still lying asleep. The light of
dawn fills the room. The Orderly comes in
with two smoking cups of coffee and some
biscuits. Lincoln wakes.
Lincoln: Good-morning.
Orderly: Good-morning, sir.
Lincoln (taking coffee and biscuits): Thank
you.
The Orderly turns to Hay, who sleeps on,
and he hesitates.
Lincoln: Hay. (Shouting.) Hay.
Hay (starting up): Hullo! What the devil is
it? I beg your pardon, sir.
Lincoln: Not at all. Take a little coffee.
Hay: Thank you, sir.
He takes coffee and biscuits. The Orderly
goes.
Lincoln: Slept well, Hay?
Hay: I feel a little crumpled, sir. I think I fell
off once.
Lincoln: What's the time?
Hay (looking at the watch) : Six o'clock, sir.
Grant comes in.
Grant: Good-morning, sir; good-morning,
Hay.
ioo Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln: Good-morning, general.
Hay: Good-morning, sir.
Grant: I did n't disturb you last night. A mes-
sage has just come from Meade. Lee asked for
an armistice at four o'clock.
Lincoln {after a silence)'. For four years life
has been but the hope of this moment. It is
strange how simple it is when it comes. Grant,
you've served the country very truly. And
you've made my work possible.
He takes his hand.
Thank you.
Grant: Had I failed, the fault would not have
been yours, sir. I succeeded because you be-
lieved in me.
Lincoln: Where is Lee?
Grant: He's coming here. Meade should
arrive directly.
Lincoln: Where will Lee wait?
Grant: There's a room ready for him. Will
you receive him, sir?
Lincoln: No, no, Grant. That's your afTair.
You are to mention no political matters. Be
generous. But I need n't say that.
Abraham Lincoln ioi
Grant {taking a paper from his pocket) : Those
are the terms I suggest.
Lincoln {reading): Yes, yes. They do you
honour.
He places the paper on the table. An Or-
derly comes in.
Orderly: General Meade is here, sir.
Grant: Ask him to come here.
Orderly: Yes, sir.
He goes.
Grant: I learnt a good deal from Robert Lee
in early days. He's a better man than most of
us. This business will go pretty near the heart,
sir.
Lincoln: I 'm glad it 's to be done by a brave
gentleman, Grant.
General Meade and Captain Sone, his
aide-de-camp, come in. Meade salutes.
Lincoln: Congratulations, Meade. You've
done well.
Meade: Thank you, sir.
Grant: Was there much more fighting?
Meade: Pretty hot for an hour or two.
Grant: How long will Lee be?
102 Abraham Lincoln
Meade: Only a few minutes, I should say, sir.
Grant: You said nothing about terms?
Meade: No, sir.
Lincoln: Did a boy Scott come to you?
Meade: Yes, sir. He went into action at once.
He was killed, was n't he, Sone?
Sone: Yes, sir.
Lincoln: Killed? It's a queer world, Grant.
Meade: Is there any proclamation to be
made, sir, about the rebels ?
Grant: I —
Lincoln: No, no. I '11 have nothing of hanging
or shooting these men, even the worst of them.
Frighten them out of the country, open the
gates, let down the bars, scare them off. Shoo!
He flings out his arms.
Good-bye, Grant. Report at Washington as
soon as you can.
He shakes hands with him.
Good-bye, gentlemen. Come along, Hay.
Meade salutes and Lincoln goes, followed
by Hay.
Grant: Who is with Lee?
Meade: Only one of his staff, sir.
Abraham Lincoln 103
Grant: You might see Malins, will you, Sone,
and let us know directly General Lee comes.
Sone: Yes, sir. He goes out.
Grant: Well, Meade, it's been a big job.
Meade: Yes, sir.
Grant: We've had courage and determination.
And we've had wits, to beat a great soldier.
I'd say that to any man. But it's Abraham
Lincoln, Meade, who has kept us a great cause
clean to fight for. It does a man's heart good to
know he's given victory to such a man to
handle. A glass, Meade? {Pouring out whiskey.)
No? {Drinking.)
Do you know, Meade, there were fools who
wanted me to oppose Lincoln for the next Pres-
idency. I 've got my vanities, but I know better
than that.
Malins comes in.
Malins: General Lee is here, sir.
Grant: Meade, will General Lee do me the
honour of meeting me here?
Meade salutes and goes.
Where the deuce is my hat, Malins? And
sword.
104 Abraham Lincoln
Malins: Here, sir.
Malins gets them for him. Meade and
Sone come in, and stand by the door at
attention. Robert Lee, General-in-Chief of
the Confederate forces, comes in, followed by
one of his staff. The days of critical anxiety
through which he has just lived have marked
themselves on Lee's face, but his groomed
and punctilious toilet contrasts pointedly
with Grant's unconsidered appearance. The
two commanders face each other. Grant
salutes, and Lee replies.
Grant: Sir, you have given me occasion to be
proud of my opponent.
Lee: I have not spared my strength. I ac-
knowledge its defeat.
Grant: You have come —
Lee: To ask upon what terms you will accept
surrender. Yes.
Grant {taking the paper from the table and
handing it to Lee) : They are simple. I hope you
will not find them ungenerous.
Lee {having read the terms) : You are magnani-
mous, sir. May I make one submission ?
Abraham Lincoln 105
Grant: It would be a privilege if I could con-
sider it.
Lee: You allow our officers to keep their
horses. That is gracious. Our cavalry troopers'
horses also are their own.
Grant: I understand. They will be needed on
the farms. It shall be done.
Lee: I thank you. It will do much towards
conciliating our people. I accept your terms.
Lee unbuckles his sword, and offers it to
Grant.
Grant: No, no. I should have included that.
It has but one rightful place. I beg you.
Lee replaces his sword. Grant offers his
hand and Lee takes it. They salute, and Lee
turns to go.
The Curtain falls.
The two Chroniclers: A wind blows
in the night,
And the pride of the rose is gone.
It laboured, and was delight,
And rains fell, and shone
Suns of the summer days,
106 Abraham Lincoln
And dews washed the bud,
And thanksgiving and praise
Was the rose in our blood.
And out of the night it came,
A wind, and the rose fell,
Shattered its heart of flame,
And how shall June tell
The glory that went with May?
How shall the full year keep
The beauty that ere its day
Was blasted into sleep?
Roses. Oh, heart of man :
Courage, that in the prime
Looked on truth, and began
Conspiracies with time
To flower upon the pain
Of dark and envious earth. . . .
A wind blows, and the brain
Is the dust that was its birth.
What shall the witness cry,
He who has seen alone
Abraham Lincoln 107
With imagination's eye
The darkness overthrown?
Hark: from the long eclipse
The wise words come —
A wind blows, and the lips
Of prophecy are dumb.
Scene VI.
The evening of April 14, 1865. The small lounge
of a theatre. On the far side are the doors of
three private boxes. There is silence for a few
moments. Then the sound of applause comes
from the auditorium beyond. The box doors
are opened. In the centre box can be seen
Lincoln and Stanton, Mrs. Lincoln,
another lady, and an officer, talking together.
The occupants come out from the other boxes into
the lounge, where small knots of people have
gathered from different directions, and stand
or sit talking busily.
A Lady: Very amusing, don't you think?
Her Companion: Oh, yes. But it's hardly true
to life, is it?
108 Abraham Lincoln
Another Lady: Is n't that dark girl clever?
What's her name?
A Gentleman {consulting his programme):
Eleanor Crowne.
Another Gentleman: There's a terrible
draught, is n't there? I shall have a stiff neck.
His Wife: You should keep your scarf on.
The Gentleman: It looks so odd.
Another Lady: The President looks very-
happy this evening, does n't he?
Another: No wonder, is it? He must be a
proud man.
A young man, dressed in black, passes
among the people, glancing furtively into
Lincoln's box, and disappears. It is John
Wilkes Booth.
A Lady (greeting another) : Ah, Mrs. Benning-
ton. When do you expect your husband back?
They drift away. Susan, carrying cloaks and
wraps, comes in. She goes to the box, and
speaks to Mrs. Lincoln. Then she comes
away, and sits down apart from the crowd to
wait.
A Young Man: I rather think of going on the
Abraham Lincoln
109
stage myself. My friends tell me I 'm uncom-
mon good. Only I don't think my health would
stand it.
A Girl: Oh, it must be a very easy life. Just
acting — that's easy enough.
A cry of "Lincoln" comes through the
auditorium. It is taken up, with shouts of
"The President," "Speech," "Abraham
Lincoln," "Father Abraham," and so on.
The conversation in the lounge stops as the
talkers turn to listen. After a few moments,
Lincoln is seen to rise. There is a burst of
cheering. The people in the lounge stand
round the box door. Lincoln holds up his
hand, and there is a sudden silence.
Lincoln: My friends, I am touched, deeply
touched, by this mark of your good-will. After
four dark and difficult years, we have achieved
the great purpose for which we set out. General
Lee's surrender to General Grant leaves but one
Confederate force in the field, and the end is
immediate and certain. {Cheers.) I have but
little to say at this moment. I claim not to have
controlled events, but confess plainly that
iio Abraham Lincoln
events have controlled me. But as events have
come before me, I have seen them always with
one faith. We have preserved the American
Union, and we have abolished a great wrong.
{Cheers.) The task of reconciliation, of setting
order where there is now confusion, of bringing
about a settlement at once just and merciful,
and of directing the life of a reunited country
into prosperous channels of good-will and gener-
osity, will demand all our wisdom, all our loy-
alty. It is the proudest hope of my life that I
may be of some service in this work. (Cheers.)-
Whatever it may be, it can be but little in re-
turn for all the kindness and forbearance that
I have received. With malice toward none, with
charity for all, it is for us to resolve that this
nation, under God, shall have a new birth of
freedom; and that government of the people,
by the people, for the people, shall not perish
from the earth.
There is a great sound of cheering. It dies
down, and a boy passes through the lounge
and calls out "Last act, ladies and gentle-
men." The people disperse, and the box doors
Abraham Lincoln
iii
are closed. Susan is left alone and there is
silence.
After a few moments, Booth appears. He
watches Susan and sees that her gaze is fixed
away from him. He creeps along to the centre
box and disengages a hand from under his
cloak. It holds a revolver. Poising himself,
he opens the door with a swift movement,
fires, flings the door to again, and rushes
away. The door is thrown open again, and
the Officer follows in pursuit. Inside the
box, Mrs. Lincoln is kneeling by her hus-
band, who is supported by Stanton. A Doc-
tor runs across the lounge and goes into the
box. There is complete silence in the theatre.
The door closes again.
Susan (who has run to the box door, and is
kneeling there, sobbing) : Master, master! No,
no, not my master!
The other box doors have opened, and the
occupants with others have collected in little
terror-struck groups in the lounge. Then the
centre door opens, and Stanton comes out,
closing it behind him.
Stanton: Now he belongs to the ages.
112 Abraham Lincoln
The Chroniclers speak.
First Chronicler: Events go by. And upon
circumstance
Disaster strikes with the blind sweep of chance,
And this our mimic action was a theme,
Kinsmen, as life is, clouded as a dream.
Second Chronicler: But, as we spoke, presiding
everywhere
Upon event was one man's character.
And that endures; it is the token sent
Always to man for man's own government.
The Curtain falls.
THE END
(C&e ftibcr#De |9re#*
CAMBRIDGE . MASSACHUSETTS
U . S . A
7/. Z00?.03if. Olio 6