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CATALOGUE 



OFTHB 



3[gU)^al anti 0Mt 9ixiS^oxsi 



or 



ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND IRELAND; 

WITH 

LISTS OF THEIR WORKS: 

BYTHBLATE 

HORATIO WALPOLE, EARL OF ORFORD, 



SNLAROED ^ND CONTINUED TO THE PBESBNT TIME; 

BY THOMAS PARK, F.S.A. 



tliCN sheeti aie cil&lated for the doieta of the idle and inqoiaitiw \ theydftwot 
look up to the thel^ii of what Voltaire happily calU^-^A Bibllotheqac da 

I * See VoL II. p. 70. 

VOL. III. 



LONDONi 
PRINTED FOR JOHN SCOTT, NO. 442, STRAND. 



I 



(^ 



M- 







.». t.-.'»t 'bif^j 



CONTENTS 



or 



VOLUME THE THIRD. 



Died Pkst 

LzoNBL Cranfield^ eari of Middlesex 1645 1 

Robert Devereax, third earl of Essex ...... 1646 5 

Edward Herbert, lord Herbert of Cherbury . . l649 13 

Arthur Capel, lord Capel 1649 25 

Henry Rich, earl of Holland 1649 34 

James Stanley, earl of Derby l651 37 

Elizabeth Talbot, countess of Kent 1651 44 

Edward Sackville, earl of Dorset 1652 45 

John Digby, earl of Bristol l653 49 

Ulick de Burg^, earl of St. Albans and marquis 

of Clanricarde • I657 55 

Henry Carey, second earl of Monmoutli .... 1661 60 

Edward Vaux, lord Vaux of Harweden 1661 67 

Williaia Fiennes, viscount Say and Sele 1662 6g 

Elisabeth Cavendish, countess of Bridge water 1663 72 

Mildmay Fane, earl of Westmoreland }665 75 

Dudley Norths third lord North I666 81 



r 



VI CONTESTS. 

DM T^» 

Edwsrd Somerset, earl of Glamorgan and mar- 
quis of Worcester 1667 89 

George Monck, duke of Albemarle 1669 1 12 

Jobn Lucas, lord Lucas 167O II9 

Anne Hyde, duchess of York 1671 124 

Charles Stanley, earl of Derby 1672 126 

Edward Montagu, earl of Sandwich I672 12g 

Margaret Lucas, duchess of Newcastle 1673 136 

John Poulett, marquis of Winchester I674 146 

Edward Hyde, ear) of Clarendon 1674 121 

Anne Clifford, countess of Dorset and Pembroke 1675 I65 

William Cavendish, diike of Newcastle 1676 175 

George Digby, earl of Bristol 1676 191 

Richard SackviUe, tifth earl of Doriet 1677 201 

Pudley North, fourth lord North 1677 203 

Anne Finch, viscountess Conway I678 211 

Mary Boyle, countess of Warwick 167*1 214 

Deozil Holies, lord Holies 1679 219 

* Henry Pierrepoint, marquis of Dorchester . . 168O 229 

John Wilmot, earl of Rochester I68O 234 

Hene^ge Finch, earl of Nottingham l682 246 

Anthony Ashley Cooper, earl of Shafteilxii^ 1683 251 

Edward Montague, lord Montague 1683 265 

John Bobanes, earl of Radnor 16B4 267 

James Touchet, earl of Castlebaveii and baron 

Audley l(JM 271 

grands North, lord ket^erOotUbrd. ;.,,... lOSS 278 



CONTENTS. VII 

Died F^c 

Anne Lee^ marchioness of Wharton 1685 284 

Arthur Anneslej^ earl of Anglesey 1686 288 

George Villiers, duke of Buckingham 1688 904 

Heneage Fmch, earl of Winchelsea 1689 3l6 

Henry Booth, lord Delamer, and earl of War- 
rington 1^ 318 

HenryArundel^thirdlordArundelof Wardour 1^ 325 

George Saville, marquis of Hali^ I695 329 

George Berkeley, earl of Berkeley 1^ 337 

John Lowther, viscount Lonsdale 1700 343 



LIST OF PORTRAITS 



COKTAINBD IN 



VOLUME THE THIRD, 



PlLge 

LiONBL Cranfield^ earl of Middlesex • 1 

Robert Devereux^ third earl of Essex 5 

Edward Herbert, lord Herbert of Cherbury 13 

Arthur Capel, lord Capel 25 

Henry Rich, earl of Holland 34 

James Stanley, earl of Derby 37 

John Digby, earl of Bristol 49 

Henry Carey, second earl of Monmouth 60 

William Fiennes, viscount Say and Sele 6g 

Mildmay Fane> earl of Westmoreland 75 

Dudley North, third lord North 81 

Edward Somerset, earl of Glamorgan and marquis of 

Worcester • 89 

George Monck, duke of Albemarle 112 

Anne Hyde, duchess of York 124 

Charles Stanley, earl of Derby 126 

Edward Montagu, earl of Sandwich 129 



iC LIST OP P0RTBAIT8. 

Margaret Lucas^ duchess of Newcastle 136 

Edward Hyde, earl of Clarendon 151 

Anne Clifibrd, couneess of Dorset and Pembroke, . . . l65 

William Cavendish, duke of Newcastle 175 

Geoi^e Digby, earl of Bristol ipi 

Richard Sackville, fiflh earl of Dorset 201 

Dudley North, fourth lord North 203 

John Wilmot, earl of Rochester • 234 

Heneage Finch, earl of Nottingham 246 

Anthony Ashley Cooper, earl of Shaftesbury 25 1 

John Robartes, earl of Radnor 267 

Francb Norths lord keeper Guilford • • 278 

Anne Lee, marchioness of Wharton • • • • 284 

Arthur Annesley, earl of Anglesey 288 

Geoi^e Villiers, duke of Buckingham 304 

Henry Booth, lord Delamer, and earl of Warrington 318 

George Saville, marquis of Halifax 329 

Geofge Berkeley, earl of Berkeley 337 




lilO^'Kli rUANKIKIJ>.RAHl. orttll>l>LKSKX. 

/■'ri'iii afi'rieMiniatiirf fy- ('J/um/i/ity K\y "" A'.A. 

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NOBLE AUTHORS 



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ENGLAND. 



LIONEL CRANFIELD, 
EARL OF MIDDLESEX, 

[Son of Thomas* Cranfield, esq. a merchant of 
London, was bred in the custom- house, and became 
well versed in the theory and practice of traded. By 
the interest of the duke of Buckingham, his kinsman, 
he became successively master* of the requests, of the 
king's wardrobe, and of the wards; and after being 
advanced to the office of lord-high-treasurer, was. 
created baron Cranfield in 1621, and the following 
year earl of Middlesex. He murmured at the expense 
of the journey to Spain, which gave great offence to 
the duke ; and he was, in several instances, less obr 

* Dugdalcy Baronage, torn. iii. p. 446; but Fuller calls him 
Randal Cranfield. 

* He may be said to have been his own tutor and his own 
university^ says Fuller; and king James became highly affected 
ivith the clear, brief, strong, yea and profitable ^ense be spake. 
Worthies of London, p. 2 1 1 . 

VOL. III. S 



2 EARL OF MIDDLESEX. 

sequious than that court luminary had usually found 
bis satellites. Lord Middlesex, who had great pride, 
thought it beneath a lord-treasurer to be the tool of a 
favourite, though a lord-treasurer of that favourite's 
creation. He was questioned in parliament, and 
deemed guilty of malversation in his office; upon which 
his treasurer's staff was taken from him. He was 
heavily fined, rendered incapable of sitting in the 
house of peers, and committed prisoner to the Tower 
of London. The duke seems not only to have grati- 
fied his revenge, but to have had an eye to his interest 
in this prosecution, as he is said to have acquired the 
earl's house at Chelsea, for his own share of the fine ^. 
Retiring to his magnificent seat at Copt-hall, says Ful- 
kr, the earl of Middlesex there enjoyed himself con- 
tentedly, entertained his friends bountifully, neigh- 
bours hospitably, and poor charitably. He was a 
person of comely presence, cheerful yet grave counte- 
nance, and a solid and wise man ^. He died in 1645, 
was buried in Westminster-abbey; and had a long 
monumental inscription placed over him, which is 
printed by Dugdale^ 

Lord Clarendon has described his political rise and 
fall, in the first volume of his History ; and relates a 
remaricable anecdote, that when king James in vain 
endeavoured to dissuade the duke of Buckingham from 
following up bis prosecution of lord Middlesex, he 
said to him in great choler, " Stenny, you are a fool, 

* Granger's Biog. Hist. toL iu p. xji. 
^ Worthies, ut sup. 



EARL OP MIDDLESEX.. 3 

and will shortly repent this folly ; and will find, that 
in this fit of popularity, yoi^ are making a rod with 
which you will be scourged yourself." Then turning 
in some anger to the prince *, who sided with the duke, 
he told him,' " that he would live to have his belly-full 
of impeachments : and, when I shall be dead, you 
will have too much cause to remember how much you 
have contributed to the weakening of the crown, by 
the two precedents you are now so fond of:*' intend- 
ing as well the engaging the parliament in Jthe war, as 
the prosecution of the earl of Middlesex 7. 

The following mock-commendatory verses by this 
nobleman, were prefixed in 1611 to The Travels or 
Crudities of Tom Coryat, " the whetstone of all the 
wits%" who must have been stimulated by a prepos- 
terous species of vanity, to publish so many ludicrous 
lampoons upon himself, before his own book^. 

" Great laude deserves the author of this worke. 
Who saw the French, Dutch, Lombard, Jew, and Turke, 
But speakes not any of their tongues as yet. 
For who in five months can attaine to it? 
Short was his time, although his booke be long^ 
Which shewes much wit^ and memory more strong : 

' Afterwards Charles the first. 

' Hist, of the Rebellion, voL L p. 2o» fol. edit. 

* See Woody Athenae, vol. i. col. 431. 

* It has been inferred from Coryat's dedication to his Crudi* 
tieS) that he was unconscious of the design of the poets to ri- 
dicule him, but this apparently was not the case. Sec the 
present editor's addenda and corrigenda to Biog. Brit. voL v. 

b2 



4 EABL OF MIDDLESEX^ 

An yron meraorie — for who but he 

Could glew together such a rhapsodie 

Of pretious things ? as towers, steeples, rocks, 

Tombes, theaters, the gallowes, bels, and stocks. 

Mules, asses, arsenals, churches, gates, and townes, 

Th* Alpine mountaines, cortezans, and Dutch clownes. 

What man before hath writ so punctuaDy 

To his etemall fame bis journey's story ? 

And as he is the first that I can finde. 

So will he be the last of this rare kinde. 

Me thinks i^hen on his booke I cast my eies 

I sec a shop replete with merchandize : 

And how the owner jelous of his fame. 

With pretious matter gamisbeth the same. 

Many good parts he hath, no man too much 

Can them commend -, some few I *le only touch. 

He Greeke and Latin speakes with greater ease 

Then hogs eate akomes, or tame pigeons pease : 

His ferret eies doe plod so on his booke. 

As make his lookes worse then a testie cooke. 

His tongue and feete are swifter then a flight. 

Yet both are glad when day resignes to night. 

He is not proud, his nature soft and milde -, 

His complements arc long, his lookes are wilde : 

Patient enough, but, oh ! his action 

Of great effect to move and stirre up passion. 

Odcomhe, be proud of thy odde Coryate, 

Borne to be great, and gracious with the state -, 

How much I him well wish, let tliis suffice 5 

His booke best shewes that he is deeply wise. 

Explicit Lionel Cranfield.'*} 




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ROBERT DEVEREUX, 
THIRD EARL OF ESSEX, 

[Only son of the celebrated earl of Essex, was born 
at Essex-house in 1592, educated at Eton, and was 
entered a gentleman commoner of Merton college, 
Oxon, in i6o2* In the first year of king James, he 
was restored to the honours which his father had for- 
feited, and became a familiar associate with prince 
Henry, until some disagreement took place between 
them during a game at tennis. In August 1605, he 
was created M. A. and in January following, being 
then scarcely 'fourteen, was espoused to lady Frances, 
one of the daughters of Thomas, earl of Suffolk, who 
was only thirteen ; but on account of their immature 
age, a separation was agreed upon by the advice of their 
friends. Lord Essex made the tour of France and 
Germany ; and his countess was taken under her mo- 
ther's protection* On their reunion, they lived toge- 
ther with great discontent; till a divorce was obtained 
by lady Essex, on an allegation of impotency : her la- 
dyship having fixed her affections on Robert Carr, 
afterwards viscount Rochester and earl of Somerset, 
whom she married in about three months from the 
time she was divorced *. Essex, says Wood ^, per- 

* Mr. Brydges thinks that the chagrin arising from this un« 
happy aflFair> made lord Essex endeavour to hide himself in the 
•oontryy from the observation and ridicule of the world, for 
more than seven years. Mem. of the Peers, vol.i. p. laa. 

* Athen. Oxon. vol. ii. coU 9a. 

B 3 



6 ROBERT^ EARL OF ESSEX. 

ceiving how little he was beholden to Venus, resolved 
to address himself to the court of Mars ; and for that 
purpose went into the Netherlands, where he iirst 
trailed a pike, and gradually rose to the command of a 
regiment. Some years after that, he engaged to assist 
the king and queen of Bohemia in the recovery of their 
right, where he behaved with gallant resolution, and 
gained a high renown for feats of arms; yet he became 
tainted, says his biographer, with calvinistical prin- 
ciples^. In 1639 he was made lieutenant-general of 
foot, under the earl of Arundel ; and in 1641 was 
constituted general of all the forces on the south of 
Trent. In the same year he was appointed lord 
chamberlain of the household ; and in 1642, forget- 
ting all his former obligations, undertook the com- 
mand of the parliamentary army: but his military 
splendour was eclipsed by Fairfax and others, and he 
retired in disgust to his house at Eltham, where he 
died on the 13th of September 1646, not without sus- 
picion of having been poisoned^. Before this event 

* Wood, ut sup. 

^ As to the suspicion of lord Essex's having been poisoned, 
says Dr. Kippis, it can only be regarded as one of the many 
groundless surmises which were long entertained with regard to 
the decease of eminent persons, especially if their deaths were 
sudden. Different accounts have been given of the earl's 
death : some have ascribed it to an apoplexy ; but Ludlow, who 
was probably well informed, says that it was occasioned by his 
having overheated himself in the chase of a stag in Windsor 
forest. Biog. Brit. vol. v. p. 167. An elegy upon his loss 
appears to have been composed by T. Twiss: and another by 
Dan. Evance, entitled, Justa Honoraria; or funeral Rites in 
honour to his deceased Master, Robert Earl of Essex. 



ROBEtlT^ EARL OF ESSEX. ^ 

took place^ the parliament voted him a dukedom ; but 
this honour he is said to have rejected with scorn. 

Arthur Wilson, whom Wood terms " a writer of 
the presbyterian persuasion, that had been of his 
retinue^" tells us that Essex had ever an honest hearty 
and though nature had not given him eloquence, he 
had a strong reason which did express him better. 
His countenance, to those who knew him not, ap- 
peared somewhat stem and solemn; to intimates, 
afiable and gentle ; to females, obligingly courteous ^. 
Lord Clarendon adds the following creditable cha- 
racter. He had no ambition of title, or office, or 
preferment, but only to be kindly looked upon, and 
kindly spoken to, and quietly to enjoy his own for- 
tune ; and without doubt no man in his nature more 
abhorred rebellion than he did, nor could he have 
been led into it by any open and transparent tempta- 
tion, but by a thousand disguises and couzenages. 
His pride supplied his want of ambition, and he was 
angry to see any other man more respected than him- 
self, because he thought he deserved it more, and did 
better requite it : for he >^as in his friendships just 
and constant; and would not have practised foully 
against those he took to be enemies. No man had 
credit enough with him to corrupt him in point 
of loyalty to the king, whilst he thought himself wise 
enough to know what treason was: but the new doc- 
trine, and distinction of allegiance, and of the king's 
power in and out of parliament, and the new notions 

' Hist, of King James, p. 162. 
B 4 



8 ROBERT^ EARL OP ESSEX. 

of ordinances, were too hard for him, and did really 
intoxicate his understanding, and made him quit his 
own to follow theirs, who, he thought, wished as well 
and judged better than himself. His vanity disposed 
him to be his excellency'^ '^ and his weakness to believe 
that he should be the general in the houses as well as 
in the field, and he able to govern their counsels, and 
restrain their passions^^^ well as to fight their battles ; 
and that by this means he should become the pre- 
server and not the destroyer of the king and kingdom. 
With this ill-grounded confidence, he launched out 
into that sea, where he met with nothing but rocks 
and shelves, and from whence he could never discover 
any safe port to harbour in^. 

, Wood says he was no way inclined to the sullen 
opinion of those men who disclaim the muses; but if 
less severe hours of leisure offered themselves in his 
retired studies, he would employ that time in the pe- 
rusal of some serious poem : and being reported to 
have great judgment, especially in English verse, it 
was his custom to applaud the professors of that art^, 
as high as their deserts merited, and to reward them 
above it ; " particularly Francis Quarles and George 

7 The noble historian seems in this place to countervail his 
former assertion, that he had « no ambition of title." 

' Hist, of the Rebellion, vol. ii. p. 209, 8vo. edit. 

* Captain Wm. Mercer, from his *Modging at the Three 
Pidgeonsin King- street, Westminster," dedicated hisAngliae 
Speculum, in 1645, to his noble patron Rob. Devereux, earl 
of Essex, lord-generall, &c. Mercer seems to designate him- 
self as a Scotjmoftf in a poetical petition to the lords and com^ 
monsy the lord-mayor and aldermen, &c. 



BOBERT^ EARL OF ESSEX. Q 

Wither, puritanical poets*/' So strong has been the* 
prejudice excited against these versemen by Denham, 
Butler, Pope, and others, ihat to have been the patron 
of such writers will, by the bulk of mankind, be con- 
sidered as a reproach. Quarles, however, has been 
ably vindicated from critical obloquy by the pens of 
Headley^, colonel Stanley *, and Jackson of Exeter^; 
and Wither has at length found one zealous advocate 
in Mr. Alexander Dalrymple ^. Lord Essex therefore 
will suffer no depreciation in the minds of the liberal 
or candid, because he protected those poets whose 

I 

* Athen. Oxon. vol. ii. col. 93. 
' Biographical Sketches, p. Ixi. 

* Gentleman's Magazine, for 1793* p. an. 

* Letters on various Subjects. 

' See Extracts from Juvenilia, 1785, 8vo. Mr. Granger was 
content to retail the character of Wither at secondhand; and it 
is certainly much more convenient to condemn an author in this 
summary way by a witty quotation, than to be at the trouble 
of perusing his works, in order to form an impartial judgment 
of them. Hence, Wither has had the ill fortune, in common 
with many a voluminous writer, to have his productions stig- 
matized as contemptible, because they were too numerous to 
be read. The common-place sarcasm, that if his verses 
" rhym'd and rattled all was well," does not apply to th« 
verses of Wither: for he paid less attention to the metrical ar- 
rangement of his compositions, than to their nervous sense, 
shrewd satire, and moral application. Had he sacrificed senti- 
ment to sound with less reluctance, he would doubtless have 
been more read, and» by many» more highly estimated. Mr. 
Dalrymple says very justly, ** there is in his works uncommon 
strength of mind with peculiarity of thought, often most hap- 
pily expressed; and his pen was always employed in the cause 
of virtue." His politics, howevcfy gave a party-blight to his 
poetry. 



10 ROBERT^ EARL OF ESSEX. 

morality and piety procured them the aspersion of 
being ** puritanically affected '/' 

Under the name of lord Essex, while he wad cap- 
tain-general, were published, 

*^ Several Letters to the Speakers of the House of 
Lords and Commons/' 

*^ Letters to several Persons/' 

'* Relations concerning Skirmishes, Battles, taking 
of Towns, Houses, &c." 

*^ Declarations and other such like Things :" 
says Wood^. In a small tract were also printed, 

^^ Lawes and Ordinances of Warre, established for 
the better Conduct of the Army by his Excellency the 
Earle of Essex, Lord Generall of the Forces raised by 
the Authority of Parliament for the Defence of the 
King and Kingdom." Lond. 1642, 4to. 

These laws and ordinances treat '' of duties to God, 
of duties in generall, of duties toward superiors and 
commanders, of duties moral), of a souldier's duty 
touching his armes, of duty in marching, of duties in 
the camp and garrison, of duties in action, of the 
duties of commanders and officers in particular, of the 
duty of the muster-masters, of victualers, of admi- 
nistration of justice/' 

The Harleian manuscripts 7007 and 7008, contain 
three short letters firom Robert, earl of Essex, to his 
lordship's juvenile associate, Henry Frederick, heir- 
apparent. These have been printed by Dr. Birch in 

* Wood, ut sup. col. 391. 

* lb. col. 95. 



BOBERT^ EABL OF ESSEX. 11 

his Life of that promising prince^ and are of little 
interest. 

Rushworth has printed another in his Historical Col- 
lections, vol. ii. p. 3, relating to military proceedings; 
but his lordship*s speech and protestation at the head 
of his army, in Sept. 1642, reflects higher honour on 
his character, and may afford a short extract, 
'* Gentlemen and fellow-soldiers, 
** Ye are at this time assembled for the defence of 
his majesty, and the maintenance of the true Protest- 
ant religion, under my command. I shall therefore 
desire you to take notice what I, that am your generally 
shall by my honour promise to perform towards you, 
and what I shall be forced to expect that you shall 
perform towards me. 

** I do promise in the sight of Almighty God, that 
I shall undertake nothing but what shall tend to the 
advancement of the true Protestant religion, the se- 
curing of his majesty's royal person, the maintenance 
of the just privilege of parliament, and the liberty 
and property of the subject. Neither will I engage any 
of you into any danger, but I will in my own person 
run an equal hazard with you ; and either bring you 
off with honour, or (if God have so decreed) fall with 
you, and willingly become a sacrifice for the preserva- 
tion of my country. 

^' Likewise 1 do promise, that my ear shall be open 
to hear the complaint of the poorest of my soldiers^ 
though against the chiefest of my officers ; neither 
shall his greatness, if justly taxed^ gain any privilege ; 



12 ROBERT^ EARL OF ESSEX. 

but I shall be ready to execute justice against all, from 
the greatest to the least. 

''Your pay shall be constantly delivered to your 
commanders ; and if default be made by any officer, 
give me timely notice, and you shall find speedy 
redress. 

" This being performed on my part, I shall now de- 
clare what is your duty toward me, which I must 
likewise expect to be carefully performed by you. 

*' I shall desire all and every officer to endeavour, 
by love and affable carriage, to command his soldiers ; 
since what is done for fear, is done unwillingly ; and 
what is unwillingly attempted, can never prosper," 
&c. ^.] 

» Pari. Hist. vol. xi p. 43 7. 




LORD HEKBERT. 

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13 



EDWARD, 
LORD HERBERT OF CHERBURY, 

One of the greatest ornaments of the learned 
peerage, was a man of martial spirit* and a 
profound understanding^ He was made knight 
of the bath when prince Henry was installed for 
the garter*; and being sent embassador to 
France, to interpose in behalf of the Protest- 
ants of that kingdom, he returned the insolence 
of the great constable Luines with the spirit of 
a gentleman, without committing his dignity 
of embassador ^. It occasioned a coolness be- 

• 

* [Dr. Donne has a copy of verses addressed to sir Edward 
Herbert, since lord Herbert of Cherbury, being at the siege 
of Juliers: and Ben Jonson has a plausive epigram on the 
same " all-virtuous Herbert.'* See Brit. Poets, vol. iv. pp. 

97^ 54».] 

* [He became a gentleman commoner of University college, 

Oxon, in 1595, at the age of fourteen; where he laid the 
foundation, says Wood, of that admirable learning of which 
he was afterwards a complete master. Athenac, vol. ii. p. 1x7.] 

* [July a, 1603.] 

^ [An account of the interview between Luines and lord 
Herbert is detailed in Observations on the Life of Lord Her- 
bert, in Lloyd's State Worthies, p. 790, edit. 1665. Camden 
reports, that he treated the constable irreverently; but Walton 
tells usy^that he could not subject himself to a compliance with 



14 LORD HERBERT OP CHERBURY. 

* 

tween the courts ; but the blame fell wholly on 
the constable. In l6'25 sir Edward was made a 
baron of Ireland^; in 1 63 1, of England^; but 
in the cause of his country sided with its repre- 
sentatives®. He died in l648, having written 

^' De Veritate, prout distinguitur k Revela- 
tione, k verisimili, k possibili, k falso. Cui 
Operi additi sunt duo alii Tractatus ; primus, de 
Causis Errorum; alter, de Religione Laici. 
Uni cum Appendice ad Sacerdotes de Religione 
Laici; et quibusdam Poematibus." 

It was translated into French, and printed at 
Paris in quarto, in 1639^. In this book the 

the humours of the duke de Luines | so that, upon a complaint 
to our king, he was called back into England in some displea- 
sure, but at his return gave such an honourable account of his 
employment, and so justified his comportment to the duke, 
and all the court, that he was suddenly sent back upon the 
same embassy. New Biog. Diet. vol. viii. p. 5 a. J 

* [By Uie title of lord Herbert of Castle-island.] 

» [By that of lord Herbert of Cherbury, in Shropshire.] 

* In the Parliamentary History, it is said that lord Herbert 
offended the house of lords by a speech in behalf of the king, 
and that he attended his majesty at York. Yet the very next 
year, on a closer insight into the spirit of that party, he quitted 
them, and was a great sufferer in his fortune from their ven- 
geance. Vide Pari. Hist. vol. zi. p. 3, 87. [In 1639 ^ ^<^' 
companied the English army in an expedition to Scotland, and 
wrote a poem at Alnwick, called ^* The Idea." See his Oc- 
casional Verses, p. 75.] 

* [In 16249 says Biog. Diet.; and again in 1633: Wood tells 
us, that Tbooias Biastery ** a vast scholar,'' bad a hand in lati- 



LOIU> HERBERT OP CHERBURT. 15 

author asserts the doctrine of innate ideas* 
Mr. Locke, who has taken notice of this work, 
allows his lordship to be *^ a man of great parts.** 
Gassendi answered it, at the request of Peiresc 
and Diodati ; but the answer was not published 
till after Grassendi's death. Baxter made remarks 
on the Treatise de Veritate, in his More Reasons 
for the Christian Religion ; and one Kortholt (a 
foolish German zealot) took such offence at it, 
that he wrote a treatise intituled De tribus Im- 
postoribus magnis, Edvafdo Herbert, Thomi 
Hobbes, et Benedicto SpinosA, Liber *. 

Bizing lord Herbert's book « De Veritatc." Vide Athcnae, 
▼o1. i. col. 4O9 and note s* po8tea.J 

* Gen. Diet. vol. vi. p. 122. Wood» vol. ii. p. xi8. InLe- 
land's View of deistical Writers, vol. i. p. 24, it is said that 
there exists a manuscript life of this lord, '< drawn up from 
memorials penned by himself," in which is a most extraordi« 
nary account of his lordship putting up a solemn prayer for a 
sign to direct him whether he should publish his Treatise ** de 
Veritate" or not; and that he interpreted a sudden noise as an 
imprimatur. There is no stronger characteristic of human 
nature than its being open to the grossest contradictions. One 
of lord Herbert's chief arguments against revealed religion is, 
the improbability that Heaven should reveal its will to only a 
portion of the earth, which he Xiam% particvlar religion. How 
could a man (supposing the anecdote genuine) who doubted of 
partiaif believe ifulividuai revelation ? What vanity to think his 
book of such importance to the cause of truth, that it could 
extort a declaration of the Divine will, when the interests of 
half mankind could not! 



10 LOBD HERBEHT OF dHfiRBtTRr. 

" De Religione Gentilium, Errorumque apucf 
eosCausis." 

The first part was printed at London l645^, 8vo^ 
and the whole in J 663, 4to. and reprinted in 
1700, 8vo. It was translated into English by 
Mr. W. Lewis, 1 705, 8vo. *. 

*^ Expeditio Buckinghami Ducis in Ream In- 
sulam." 

Published by Tim. Baldwin, LL. D. 1656, 
Lond. Bvo. 

" Life and Reign of Henry the Eighth." 
Lond. 1649, 1672, and J 682^. Reprinted in 

^ [In that year his lordship sent the MS. of this work to 
Gerard Vossius, as appears from a letter of lord Herbert's, and 
Vossius's answer. Biog. Diet.] 

* [Under this title : ** The ancient Religion of the Gentiles^ 
and Causes of their Errors considered. The Mistakes and 
Failures of the heathen Priests and wise Men in their Notions 
of the Deity, and Matters of divine Worship, are examined 
with regard to their being destitute of divine Revelation/'] 

^ [Lord Orford remarks, in an advertisement to the Life of 
Lord Herbert, that his Reign of Henry the Eighth is allowed 
tO'be a master-piece of historic biography. Bishop Nicolson, 
in his English historical Library, commends it above all the 
annalt of that period, and says, ** the author has acquitted him* 
•elf with the like reputation as lord chancellor Bacon gained by 
the Life of Henry the Seventh; having in the politic and mar« 
tial part been admirably particular and exact, from the best 
records that were extant." But Anthony Wood transfers part 
of this commendation to the learned Thomas Master, who 
was a drudge to lord Herbert, and assisted him much. Wood 



LOBB HBHBEBT OF CHBRBtHlT. If 

Kennet's Complete History of England, The 
original manuscript was deposited by the author 
in 1643, in the archives of the Bodleian li- 
brary. It was undertaken by command of king 
James the first, and is much esteemed : yet one 
cannot help regretting, that a man who found it 
necessary to take up arms against Charles the 
first, should have palliated the enormities of 
Henry the eighth, in comparison of whom king 
Charles was an excellent prince. It is strange 
that writing a man's life should generally make 
the biographer become enamoured of his sub- 
ject^; whereas one should think, that the nicer 
disquisition one makes into the life of any man, 
the less reason one should find to love or admire 
him. 



had seen four thick volumes in folio» of literary materials for 
his lordship's structure, in every one of which he found the 
hand-writing of Master, either interlining, adding, or correct- 
ing, and one of the four was mosUy written by him: whence 
he inferred, beyond doubt, that he had an especial hand in 
composing the said Life and Reign of King Henry the Eighth* 
Vide Athen. Oxon. vol. ii. col. 40.] 

* [Biay not the source of this feeling be resolved into 
a natural partiality for whatever has obtained our studioup 
attention? though it probably requires a sympathy of 
mind or congeniality of sentiment, between the biographer 
and his subject, before cither love or admiration can be 
awakened.] 

VOL. III. C 



)8 LORD HERBERT OF CHERBUETr 

^* Occasional Poems '•" 
Lond. 1665, 8vo. Published by Henry Herbert^ 
his younger son, and by him dedicated to Ed- 
ward, lord Herbert, grandson of the author*. 

Others of his poems are dispersed among the 
works of other authors, particularly in Joshua 
Sylvester's ^'Lachrymae Lachrymarum, or the 
Spirit of Tears distilled for the untimely Death 
of Prince Henry." London, 161 3, 4to.5>. 

In the library of Jesus College, Oxford, are 
preserved his lordship's Historical Collections *. 

He is buried at St. Giles's in the Fields 3, but 

' [The title nins thus : " Occasional Verses of Edward Lord 
Herbert, Baron of Cherbury and Castle-island, who deceased 
in 1648.";] 

■ [" This collection," says the editor, " of some of the scat- 
tered copies of verses, composed in various and perplexed 
times by your late grandfather, belongs of double right to your 
lordship, as heir and executor."] 

' [One poem appeared in this collection entitled, ** Eligee on 
the untimely Death of the incomparable Prince Henry, by Sir 
Edward Herbert." The whole is obscurely metaphysical. 
Lord Herbert wrote another " Elegy on the Death of Dr. 
Dunn," i.e. Dr. Donne; who had addressed a poem to his 
lordship. Seep. 13, sup.j 

* Vide Account of the Antiquities and Curiosities of Ox- 
ford, i749> p. 100- 

' [With this Latin inscription over his grave: " Hie inhu- 
matur corpus Edvardi Herbert equitis Balnei, baronis de Chei^ 
Imry et Castle>island, auctorislibri, cui titulus est, < De Veri'- 
*' tate.' Reddor ut herbae ; vicesimo die August! anno Do* 



LORD HERBERT OF CHERBURT. IQ 

had erected an allegoric monument for himself 
in the church of Montgomery, a description of 
which is given by Lloyd *. His lordship had 
been indemnified by the parliament for his castle 
of Montgomery, which they thought proper to 
demolish. 



(The very curious and eccentric ^^ Life of Lord 
Herbert, penned by himself," was printed atStrawberry- 
hill for private use only^ in 1764, from an original 
manuscript^ by the noble writer ; but was reprinted for 

tarni i648.'' The following « Epitaph for HimsclT' wat 
printed in his lordship's Occasional Verses! 
« Reader, 
** The monument Which thou beholdest here. 

Presents Bdward^ lord HerberU to thy sight; 
A man, who was so free from either hope or fear, 

To have or lose this ordinary light, 
That when to elements his body turned were, 
He knew that as those elements would fight. 
So his immortal soul should find above 
IVith his Creator, peace, joy, truth, and love!"] 
^ English Worthies, p. 10x8. 

* Its fortuitous discovery is thus described : <' The manu- 
script,'' says lord Orford, '< was in great danger of being lost 
to the world: Henry, lord Herbert, grandson of the author, 
died in 1691 without issue, and by his will left his estate to 
Fnuids Herbert, of Oakley-pafk, his sister's son. At Lymore 
in Montgomeryshire, was preserved the original manuscript. 
Upon the marriage of Henty, lontHetbert, with a daughter 
of Francis, earl of Bradford, Lymore, with a considerable 

C 2 



20 LORD HERBERT OF CHBRBURT. 

sale by Dodsley, in 1770, 4to. with a dedication and 
advertisement by lord Orford; who observes, it is 
perhaps the most extraordinary account that ever was 
given seriously by a wise man of himself. His lord- 
ship thus proceeds to characterize the noble author : 
'^ His .valour made him a hero ; his sound parts made 
him a philosopher. Few men, in truth, have figured so 
conspicuously in lights so various. As a soldier he 
won the esteem of those great captains the prince of 

part of the C8tate thereabouts, was allotted for her jointure. 
After his decease lady Herbert usually resided there: she died 
in 1714. The manuscript could not then be found ; yet whik 
she lived there, it was known to have been in her hands. Some 
years afterwards it was discovered at Lymore among some old 
papers> in very bad condition, several leaves being torn oaty 
and others stained to such a degree as to make it scarcely legi- 
ble. Under these circumstances, inquiry was made of the 
Herberts of Ribbisford (descended from sir Henry Herbert, a 
younger brother of the author-lord), in relation to a duplicate 
of the memoirs, which was confidently said to be in their cus* 
tody. It was allowed that such a duplicate had existed ; but 
DO one could recollect what was become of it. At last, about 
the year 1737, this book was sent to the earl of Powis, by a 
gentleman whose father had purchased an estate of Henry 
Herbert of Ribbisford (son of sir Henry Herbert above 
mentioned), in whom was revived in 1694, the title of Cher- 
bury, which had extinguished in 1691 • By him (after the sale 
of the estate) some few books, pictures, and other things were 
left in the house, and remained there to 1737. This manu- 
script was amongst them; which not only by the contents (aa 
far as it was possible to collate it with the original)^ but by the 
similitude of the writing, appeared to be the duplicate so much 
sought after ; and from this the work was printed." Advert* 
$0 Lord Herbert's Life. 



LORD HERBERT OF CHERBURV.. 21 

Orange and the constable de Montmorency: as a 
knight, his chivalry was drawn from the purest founts 
of the Fairy Queen. Had he been ambitious, the beauty 
of his person would have carried him as far as any 
gentle knight can aspire to go. As a public minister 
he supported the dignity of his country, even wheQ 
its prince disgraced it ; and that he was qualified to 
write its annals as well as to ennoble them, his His- 
tory of Henry the Eighth proves, and must make us 
lament that he did not complete, or that we have lost, 
the account he purposed to give of his embassy. These 
busy scenes were blended with, and terminated by, 
meditation and philosophic inquiries. Strip each pe- 
riod of its excesses and errors, and it will not be easy 
to trace out, or dispose the life of a man of quality into 
a succession of employments which would better be- 
come him. Valour and military activity in youth ; 
business of state in the middle age; contemplation 
and labours for the information of posterity in the 
calmer scenes of closing life : this was lord Herbert; 
the deduction he will give himself." 

As very little of this deduction, which extends to 
more than a hundred and seventy quarto pages, can be 
transferred to the present work, it may be sufficient as 
a specimen of his lordship's prose style, to reprint the 
introductory exordium. 

" I do believe," says lord Herbert, " that if all my 
ancestors had set down their lives in writing, and left 
them to posterity, many documents (necessary to be 
known of those who both participate of their natural 
inclination and humours, must in all probability run a 

C 3 



22 LORD HERBERT OP CHERBURY. 

not much diflerent course,) might have been given for 
their instruction ; and certainly it will be found much 
better for men to guide themselves by such observa- 
tions as their father, grandfather, and great grandfather 
might have delivered to them, than by those vulgar 
rules and examples which cannot in all points so ex- 
actly agree unto them. Therefore, whether their life 
were private, and contained only precepts necessary to 
treat with their children, servants, tenants, kinsmen, 
and neighbours, or employed abroad in the university, 
or study of the law, or in the court, or in the camp, 
their heirs might have benefitted themselves more by 
them than by any else; for which reason I have thought 
fit to relate to my posterity those passages of my life, 
which I conceive may best declare me, and be most 
useful to them : in the delivery of which I profess to 
write with all truth and sincerity, as scorning ever to 
deceive or speak false to any. And therefore detesting 
it much more where I am under obligation of speak- 
mg to those so near me, and if this be one reason for 
taking my pen in hand at this time, (so as my age is 
now past threescore,) it will be fit to recollect my 
former actions, and examine what had been done well 
or ill, to the intent I may both reform that which was 
amiss, and so make my peace with God; as also^ 
comfort my self in those things which through God's 
grace and favour have been done according to the rules 
of conscience, vertue and honor," &c. 

Two Latin poems are inserted in his lordship's life : 

*• De Vila humana :" 

" De V^ita cselesti Conjectura." 



LORD HEBBERT OP CHEBBUBY. 23 

These pieces were printed in 1647, with a longer^ 
thus entitled : 

^^ Haered. ac Nepot. suis Praecepta et Consilia £• B» 
H. deC. &C.l.deK.'' 

The quarto tract which contains them is preserved 
in the Bridgewater librar)'^ and perhaps in that alone. 

His lordship's scarce volume of " Occasional 
Poems," consists chiefly of metaphysical love- verses; 
ingenious, but unnatural ; platonic in sentiment, but 
frequently gross in expression; and marked by an ec- 
centricity which pervaded the life and character of lord 
Herbert ^, Two short effusions, however, may not be 
unacceptable. 

''TO A TOUNO PALE BEAUTY. 

" From thy pale look while angry love doth seem 

With more imperiousness to give his law. 
Than where he blushingly doth beg esteem j 

We may observe py*d beauty in such aw. 
That the brav'st colour under her command 

Affirighted, oft before you doth retire 3 
While, like a statue of yourself you stand 

In such symmetrique form, as doth require 

* Granger has aptly described lord Herbert as a man who was 
at once wise and capricious; who redressed wrongs, and quar- 
relled for punctilios; hated bigotry in religion, and was himself 
a bigot to philosophy; exposed himself to such dangers as 
other men of courage would have carefully declined; and 
called in question the fundamentals of 9> religion, which none 
had the hardiness to dispute besides himself. Biog. Hist. 
voL ii. p. 146. 

C4 



24 LORD HERBERT OP CHERBURT. 

No lustre but its o\iii : as, ihea, in vain. 

One should flesh colouring to statues add } 
So were it to your native white a stain 

If it in other ornaments were clad. 
Than what your rich proportions do give. 

Which in a boundless fair being unconfin*dj^ 
Exalted in your soul, so seem to live. 

That they become an emblem of your mind; 
That so, who to your orient white should joyn 

Hiose fading qualities most eyes adore. 
Were but like one who gilding silver coin. 

Gave but occasion to suspect it more.** 

*' TO HIS WATCH, WHEN HE COULD NOT 8LEE?« 

*' Uncessant m'mutes, whil'st you move you tell 

The time that tells our life, which though it run 

Never so fast or farr, your new begun 
Short steps shall overtake : for though life well 
May scape his own account, it shall not yours. 

You are Death's auditors, that both divide 
And summ whatere that life inspir*d endures. 

Past a beginning ; and through you we bide 
The doom of Fate, whose unrecaird decree 

You date, bring, execute -, making what's newj 

Hi; and good, old; for as we die in you. 
You die in time, time in eternity.'* 

'^ A Dialogue on Education," 
attributed to lord Herbert, was published in 1768, 4to. 
and several of his lordship's letters may be found 
among the Harleian manuscripts.] 




Arthur Loru Caivki. 

Jrvm an (?fiyiiuil Jie/lirr i'l tfic 



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95 



ARTHUR, 
LORD CAPEL, 

It was a remarkable scene exhibited on the 
scaffold on which lord Capel fell : at the same 
time was executed the once gay, beautiful, gal- 
lant earl of Holland, whom neither the honours 
showered on him by his prince, nor his former 
more tender connexions with the queen^ could 
preserve from betraying and engaging against 
both. He now appeared sunk beneath the in- 
dignities and cruelty he received from men to 
whom and from whom he had deserted — while 
the brave Capel, who, having shunned the 
splendour of Charles's fortunes, had stood forth 
to guard them on their decline, trod the fatal 
stage with all tlie dignity of valour and con- 
scious integrity ^. 

* [So said the anoDymous author of a poem in Vaticinium 
Votivum, entiUed, ^ Obsequies on that unexemplar Chaxn- 
ploQ of C^iralrie, and Pattern of true Prowess, Arthur, Lord 
^apel: 

^ The scaffold tumM a stage: where, 'tis confesty 
The last act, though most bloodie, prov'd thy best: 
It prov'd thy solenm coronation, since 
'f he yard 's thy palacci s^nd a glorious prince 



26 LORD CAPEL. 

He wrote, 

" A Book of Meditations*;' 
published after his death ; to which are added a 
few of his letters^. 



[Lord Capel was the only son and heir of sir 
Henry Capcl, who died in the flower of his age. He 
succeeded to the family estate on the death of his 
grandfather, sir Arthur, and following the example 
of his ancestors, says Collins ♦, was very eminent for 
bis hospiulity to his neighbours, and great charities to 
the poor, which endeared him to the hearts of the 
people, who chose him to serve in parliament for the 
county of Hertford, in 1639 and 1640. In the fol* 
lowing year he was advanced to a barony by Charles 
the first, with the title of lord Capel of Hadham. 

Thy president, who after him art hurl'd 
To meet thy sovereign in another world: 
Transferred from earth to heaven, to remain 
A fixed star, and wait on Charles his wain." 
John Quarles has an elegy on lord Capel, annexed to Regale 

Lectum Miserise, 1649; and Sheppard has another, in his scarce 

volume of Epigrams, 1651.] 

* Fuller in Hertfordshire, p. a8. 

' His device was a sceptre and crown or, on a field azure* 
with this motto, Perfectutlma Gubernatio, Vide Catal. of Co- 
ronet Devices in the Civil War, at the end of a thin pamphlet, 
called the Art of making Devices, done into English byT, 
Blount, 1648. 

* PeeragCi vol. iii. p. 308. 



LORD CAPEL. TJ 

Upon the breaking out of the civil war, he raised at 
his own charge, some troops of horse, in defence of 
the royal cause, fought valiantly in many battles and 
skirmishes, and continued to adhere loyally to his 
king, till his armies were dispersed, his garrisons lost, 
and his person imprisoned, when lord Capel com- 
pounded with the parliamentarians, and retired to his 
manor of Hadham. But perceiving the hard usage 
of his sovereign, he resolutely ventured again, with 
all the force he could raise, to rescue the king from his 
enemies; and joining his troops with those of lord 
Goring and sir Charles Lucas, underwent the severest 
hardships in the defence of Colchester^, which after 
a siege of ten weeks was surrendered upon articles to 
general Fairfax. In direct breach, however, of those 
articles, sir Charles Lucas and sir George Lisle were 
shot, while lord Capel was sent prisoner to Windsor 
castle; and an act of attainder was ordered by the 
house of commons to be brought in against him. On 
the loth of November following the house voted, that 

» The brave garrison were compelled to yield for want of 
provisions, having eaten all the horses^ dogs, and cats, and 
whatever was most reluctant to nature. During the siege lord 
Capd it said to have wonderfully encouraged the soldiers by 
bis own example, going with a halberd on his shoulder to the 
watch, and keeping guard in his turn; 'paying sixpence or a 
shining a shot, for all the enemies bullets his men could pick up; 
and charging the first day of the siege at Headgate, where the 
enemy was most pressing, with a pike, till the gate could be 
phut, which at last was but pinned with his cane. 

Life of Lord Capel, prefixed to his Contemplations, &c« 



28 LOBD CATEL. 

be and some others should be banished out of the kiiig# 
dom ; but that punishment not being thought severe 
enough, he was removed to the Tower ^, On the itt 
of February 1649, he escaped out of his prison, but 
was discovered and apprehended, two days after, at 
Lambeth, and committed again to the Tower. On 
February loth, he was brought before a pretended 
high court of justice in Westminster ha]|, to be tried 
for treason and other high crimes i and though be 
strenuously insisted that he was a prisoner to the lord 
genera], that he had conditions given him, and wait to 
have fair quarter for his life ; yet his pica was over- 
ruled. In three days afterwards he was brought again 
before the court, when the counsel moved that he 
should be hanged, drawn^ and quartered. However^ 
on the 6th of March he was condemned only to be 
beheaded, and the sentence was executed ^ on the 9th j 
his body being carried to Little Hadham in Herts ^ 

^ Lord Clarendon is of opinion, that two or three sharp and 
bitter speeches which passed between Ircton and his lordship, 
cost the latter his life. 

' A particular account of his lordship's behaviour on the 
scaffold is printed at the end of his Contemplations. 

' The following manuscript note is prefixed to a copy of 
lord Capel's Contemplations, &c. in the possession of Mr. 
Brand: 

^ This loyal lord at the time of his death, ordered that his 
heart should be reserved and kept (presaging the restoration of 
king Charles the second, and presuming that then due obse- 
quies would be paid to the memory of the royal martyr), to be 
buryed and laid at his royal master's feet : which accordingly 
was put into a silver box, inclosed in another with two locks, 



LORD CAFEL. flQ 

Lord Clarendon gives him the noble character of a 
inan in whom the malice of his enemies could dis- 
cover but very few faults^ and whom his friends could 
not wish better accomplished : whose memory all men 
loved and reverenced^ though few followed his exam- 
ple. '^ In a v/ord,*' says the earl, ** he was a man 
that whoever shall^ after him^ deserve best of the 
English nation^ he can never think himself under- 
valued when he shall hear that his courage, virtue, and 
fidelity, are laid in the balance with, and compared to, 
that of the lord Capel^." Dr. Smollett, speaking of 
his lordship's execution, observes that he died a shin- 
ing example of worth, valour, and fidelity * : but Mrs, 
Macauley, on the contrary, has treated his memory 
with a democratic species of contempt, which reflects 
no credit upon her own ^ ; since, as Dr. Kippis can- 

and for the present repositcd in the hands of the lord Beau- 
champ, who had the keeping of one key, as sir Thomas Corbet 
had of the other. The lord Beauchamp, finding his departure 
near, delivered the box to sir Thomas, who upon his death- 
bed delivered it to the earl of Essex, being then young. But 
after the restoration, there being (for some unknown reasons) 
tio ftmeral rites performed to the body of the deceased king, 
this box was laid by in the evidence-room at Hadham, the earl's 
•eat in Hertfordshire, where it Liy till after his decease ; and 
being found there by the late earl's steward, his lordship not 
knowing what it contained, but enquiring of his mother, and 
understanding what it was, caused it to be reposited in the 
funily-vault at Hadham." 

* Hi«t. of the Rebellion, vol.iii. parti, p. »73, Svo.edit. 

* Hist, of England, vol. v. p. 276. 

* Hist, of Englapd, vol. v. p. 6. . 



30 LORD CAPEL. 

didly remarks, " thosi who differ the most in poUticat 
sentiments from lord Capel, should be ready to do 
justice to his integrity and fortitude ♦/' 

His lordship's literary remains were first printed in 
1654, with the following title : 

" Daily Observations or Meditations ; divine, mo- 
rall. Written by a Person of Honour and Piety." 
To which are added, 

" Certain Letters written to several Persons,** 4to. 

The volume was afterwards published in i2mo. and 
entitled, 

" Excellent Contemplations, &c. written by the 
magnanimous and truly loyal Arthur Lord Capel^ 
Baron of Hadham ; together with some Account of his 
Life." 

Many of lord CapePs moral axioms may even vie with 
the aphorisms of Lavater;^ and would license a more 
copious selection than is here given from this treasury 
of contemplative wisdom, if the book were of lest 
frequent occurrence. 

" Biting jests, the more truth they carry with tbem^ 
the broader scarred memory they leave behind them : 
many times they are like the wounds of chewed bul« 
lets, where the ruggedncss causcth almost incurable 
hurts. 

<^ In this tempestuous world no line holds the 
anchor of contentment so fast as a good conscience s 
man's favour is but a fine thread, that will scarcely 

* Biog.Brit. vol. iii. p. aa6. 



LORD CAPBL. 31 

hold one tug of a crafty tale-bearer : honour slips the 
noose^ when vulgar breathy wearyed with constant 
vertue^ is more aflfected to novelty * riches are gnawn 
asunder by the greedy teeth of devouring leviathans : 
but this cable is so strong and compact^ that when 
force is offered to it^ the straining rather strengthens 
by uniting the parts more close. 

<^ The wearied man desires the bed ; the discon- 
tented man, the grave : both would fain be at rest. 

'^ In heat of argument men are commonly like 
those that are tyed back to back ; close joined, and 
yet they cannot see one another. 

'' Those that behave themselves with an uneven and 
captious conversation towards others, are but tell-tales 
of their own unpeaceable and miserable unsettled 
minds within themselves. 

^' Sharp and bitter jests are blunted more by neglect- 
ing, than by responding, except they be suddenly and 
wittily retorted : but it is no imputation to a man's 
wisdom to use a silent scorn. 

*^ The idle man is more perplexed what to do, than 
the laborious in doing what he ought. 

'^ No decent fashion is unlawful : and if fashions be 
but a diversified decency, without question it is but a 
cynical singularity either to exclaim against, or not 
sociably to use them. 

<^Let our thoughts and actions towards God be 
pious; to our neighbour, charitable; toward ourselves, 
sober; and our present life will be peaceable, our 
memory praised, and our happiness etemalh" 



il LORD CAPEL. 

In the Gentleman's Magazine for Feb, 1757*, were 
inserted 

'< Stanzas by Lord Capel ; written when he was a 
Prisoner in the Tower, during CromwelPs Usurpa- 
tion ;'' 

and though no authority was adduced to vouch for their 
genuineness, and the style has little that is obs(dete> 
yet they bear such strong features of resemblance to 
the heroic temper of this lord, that they cannot be 
passed by without an extract. 

" Beat on, proud billows j Boreas, blow j 
Swell, curled waves, high as Jove's roof j 

Your incivilities do plainly show 
That innocence is tempest-proof: 

Though surly Nereus frowns, my thoughts are calm | 

Then strike, affliction ! for thy wounds are balm* 

" That which the world miscalls a jail> 

A private closet is to me -, 
Whilst a good conscience is my bail. 

And innocence my liberty : 
Locks, bars, and solitude, together met. 
Make me no prisoner, but an anchoret. 

'' I *m in this cabinet lock*d up. 

Like some high-prized margarite^ 3 
Or like some great mogul or pope, 

I 'm clobter*d up from public sight : 

* They were afterwards collected in the New Foundlinf 
Hospital for Wit, vol. iv. 

^ A pearl. Hence Drummond of Hawthomdcn wri^ ia aa 
epitaph on one named Margaret : 



LORD CAPEL. 33 

Retir'dness Is a part of majesty. 

And thus, proud sultan, 1 'ni as great -as tliee. 

" Have you not heard th6 nightihgale, 

A prisoner close kept in a cage. 
How she doth chant her wonted lale 

In that her narrow hermitage ? 
E'en then her melody doth plainly prove — 
Her boughs are trees, her cage a pleasant grove. 

'' I am that bird which they combine 

Tlius to deprive of liberty 5 
And though my corpse they can confine. 

Yet, maugre that, my soul is free : 
Tliough I 'm mew.'d up, yet I can chirp and sin ▼— * 
Disgrace to rebels -, glory to my king ' !"] 



^ In shells and gold^ p^arlj are not kept alone, 

A Margaret here lies beneath a stone; 

A margaret that did excel in worth 

All those rich gems the Indies both send forth.'' 

Poems, 1656. 
* This excellent old song, says Dr. Percy, is preserved in 
David Lloyd's Memoirs of those that suffered in the Cause of 
Charles the First ; and he speaks of it as the composition of a 
worthy personage, who suffered deeply in those times, and 
was still living about 1668, with no other reward than the con* 
science of having suffered. The author's name he has not 
mentionedy but if tradition may be credited, this tong was 
written by sir Roger I'Estrange. Reliques, vol. ii. p. 334- In 
HarL MS. 35 11 (which manuscript bears the autograph of 
Arthur Capeli, as its former possessor) a copy of the above 
occurs^ which ia entitled ** Mr. Le Strange his Verses in the pri- 
son at Linn;" to that lord Capel's slight pretensions to the 
composition seem to be annihilated. 

VOL. Ill, D 



:ii 



IltLNRY RICH, 
EAKL OF HOLLAND, 

[ 1 OL^GER brollicr of Robcrl, second carl of War- 
wick, was created baron Kensington in 1622, and earl 
of Holland in 1624 -. He was captain of the king's 
guard, and much in favour with James the first, who 
made him a knight of the bath; and with Charles the 
first, who made him a knight of the garter 3. He 
commanded as general of the horse, under the carl of 
Arundel, in the expedition against the Scots in 1639; 
and made a rash and feeble cfibrt for the king a little 
before he was beheaded ; soon after which, he fell 
himself by the hand of the executioner, March 9, 
1648-9, at the same time with lord Capel and the 
duke of Hamilton \ 

The earl of Holland, says lord Clarendon, was a 
younger son of a noble house ; but the reputation of 
his family gave him no great advantage in the world. 

• Bolton's Extinct Peerage, p. 147. 

^ Granger speaks of him also as a distinguished favourite 
with Henrietta Maria, the^ queen of Charles the first,' upon 
whose heart his handsome person, gallant behaviour, and 
courtly address, are thought to have made an early impression^ 
when he was sent embassador to France, to negotiate the treaty 
of marriage for the king of England. 

^ Granger's Biog. Hist. vol. ii. p. 132. A particular account 
of his speeches and conduct on the scaffold was printed with 
Lord Capel's Remains. 




I11knii<yKu'ih,.1'',.\i;i, dv VIoi.IjA^-iSo 



EARL OF HOLLAND. 35 

After some time spent in France, he betook himself to 
the war in Holland^ where after he had made two oif 
three campaigns, according to the custom of the Eng- 
lish volunteers, he came in the leisure of the winter to 
Tisit England, about the time of the infancy of th^ 
duke of Buckingham's favours, to whom he grew 
in a short time very acceptable. He was a very 
handsome man^, of a lovely and winning presence, 
and gentle conversation ; by which he had got so easy 
an admission to the court and grace of king James, 
that he gave over the life of a soldier. He took all the 
ways he could to endear himself to the duke, and 
wisely declined receiving any grace or favour but as 
his donation ; above all, avoided the suspicion that the 
king had any kindness for him upon any account but 
of the duke, whose creature he desired to be esteemed, 
though the carl of Carlisle's friend. And he pro- 
spered so well in that pretence, that the king scarcely 
made more haste to advance the duke, than the duke 
did to promote the other. Under this protection, he 
received every day new obligations from the king, and 
great bounties y and continued to flourish above any 
man in the court, while the weather was fair; but the 
storm did no sooner arise, than he declined fast from 
the honour he was said to be master of ^. After va- 

* Mercer says, in hb panegyrical address to lord Holland, 
** Thy beauty too exceeds the sex of men; 
Thy courtly presence and thy princely grace 
Add to the splendor of thy royall race." 

Anglis Spectilum, 164 6. 

^ Hist, of the Rebellion, vol. i. p. 62* 

D2 



JO LARL of HOLLAND. 

rious proofi of meanness and icrgivcTsalion, lord Hol- 
land lost his head bv the sentence of that court which 
had condemned their sovereign to die. 

Mr. Keed considers the earl of Holland as a man 
remarkably selfish in his temper^ and of a disposition 
rather cunning and penetrating than brave or open j 
and this inference is partly deduced from his illiberal 
contest with the duke of Newcastle ; a particular 
account of which may be seen in the Biographia 
Dramatical. 

The oflicial tracts which make this nobleman rank 
as an author^ are the two which follow : 

" The Lord of Holland's Letter from Yorke, the 
13 of this instant Moneth of August : to the Honor- 
able Lords of Parliament," 1641, 4to. 

** A Declaration made to the Kingdomc, by Henry 
Earl of Holland." Lond. 1643, 4to. 

The former of these relates to the disbanding of 
certain regiments of horse, and the latter appears lo 
have been written as an apology for leaving the king 
and returning to the parliament ; but neither of theni 
appears of sufficient interest to furnish a literary 
extract ®.J 

' Vol. i. p. 61. 

* I take this opportunity of mentioning, that there is a tract 
in the British Museum with the fol'owing title, which is nearly 
as unintelligible as the contents of the book, at least to the un- 
initiated: " A. Z. The Earlc of Holland, Chief of Adepts; 
his five and twenty Yearcs Wonder-Revelation, from the Ycarc 
1660 untill the Yeare 1685. Pilntcd at Amsterdam for the Au- 
thor, 1684." This chief of adepts may have been a mystic of 
the Swede nborgian class. 




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JAMES STANLEY, 
EARL OF DERBY. 

Among the sufferers for king Charles the first, 
none cast greater lustre on the cause than this 
heroic lord, who seems to have been actuated by 
a true spirit of honour and disinterestedness. 
Some contracted great merit from their belia- 
viour in that quarrel; the conduct and brave 
death of this lord were but the conclusion of a 
life of virtue, accomplishments, and humanity. 
He vrrote 

" The History and Antiquities of the Isle of 
Man (his own little kingdom), with an Ac- 
count of his own Proceedings and Losses in the 
civil War ; interspersed with sundry Advices to 
his Son." 

It was not completed as he intended it, but is 
published as he left it in Peck's Desiderata Cu- 
riosa*. 

But what did him greater honour, was the 
spirited answer he sent to Ireton, who made him 
large offers if he would deliver up the island to 
him. Though that letter has been printed more 

* Vol. 11. lib. II. 
P3 



38 JAMES^ EARL OP DERBY. 

than once 3, such a model of brave natural elo- 
quence cannot be thought tedious. 

" I received your letter with indignation^ and 
with scorn return you this answer, that I can- 
not but wonder whence you should gather any 
hopes that I should prove, like you, treacherous 
to my sovereign ; since you cannot be ignorant 
of my former actings in his late majesty's service, 
from which principles of loyalty I am no whit 
departed. I scorn your proffers ; I disdain your 
favour; I abhor your treason; and am so far 
from delivering up this island to your advantage, 
that I shall keep it to the utmost of my power 
to your destruction . Take this for your final 
answer, and forbear any farther solicitations ; for 
if you trouble me with any more messages of 
this nature, I will bum the paper and hang up 
the bearer. This is the immutable resolution, 
and shall be the undoubted practice of him, who 
accounts it his chiefest glory to be his majesty's 
most loyal and obedient subject, 
" From Castle-toivny this Derby." 

12thofJulj/y 1649." 

* In a collection of letters printed by Bickerton, 17459 p* xo; 
and in another in two volumes by Dodsley^ 17s 5 f ^ol* >• P* 190- 
There are some slight variations in the two copies, and the 
former by mistake supposes the letter sent to Cromwell instead 
of Ireton. [So does Collins ; who says the copy of this letter 
was found in the study of sir Thomas Roe» embassador to the 
Ottoman PortCy &c. Sir Thomasi however, died in 1644.] 



JAMES^ EARL OF DERBY. 3Q 



[Mr. Reed has enabled me to state^ that In 1 649 
was published^ 

" A Declaration of the Right Honourable James, 
Earle of Derby, Lord Stanley Strange, of Knocking, 
and of the Isle of Man, concerning his Resolution to 
keep the Isle of Man for his Majesties Service against 
all Force whatsoever; together with his Lordship's 
Letter, in Answer to Commissary-general Ireton." 

James, seventh earl of Derby, was the son of earl 
William, and the nephew of earl Ferdinando, before 
Ddticed *; and was highly distinguished by his hospi- 
tality, courage, loyalty, and tragical end. lie was so 
esteemed in his country, that when he was directed, 
in 1642, to assemble his friends in the county of 
Lancaster, he had an appearance on three heaths near 
Bury, Ormskirk, and Preston, of twenty thousand 
men each. At this time, it was resolved to erect the 
' royal standard at Warrington ; by a fatal change of 
xouncils, however, the place was ahcred to that of 
Nbttingham, and the opportunity lost of beneGting by 
the great interest of this family. The carl was after- 
wards sent back to raise his dependents; but in the 
.interim the tide of loyalty turned, numbers determined 
to stand neuter, and others embraced the opposite 
party. Still he raised three troops of horse at his own 
expense, and delivered them to the king, to be com- 

• Sec vol. ii. p. 45. 
d4 



40 JAMES^ EARL OF DERBY. 

manded as he thought proper. He returned to the 
county^ then possessed by the enemy, took Lancaster 
and Preston by storniy and fortified his house at La- 
thaniy which afterwards found such long employ^ 
under his brave countess, to the parliament army. 
His valour never shone so bright as at his defeat 
in Wigan-Iane, in his attempt to restore the son of 
his sovereign in 1651 ; for with only six hundred horse 
he maintained a fight of two hours against three 
thousand troops, led on by the determined Lilbume^. 
In this action he i^ reported to have received seven 
shot on his breastplate, thirteen cuts on his beaver, 
five or six wounds on his arms and shoulders, and two 
horses killed under him ; yet he made his way with 
some few of his men towards Worcester, in order to 
join his royal master ^. On September 3, in the same 
year, at the fatal battle of Worcester, he was taken 
prisoner ; and the treatment he met with was such as 
might be expected from a vindictive, ungenerous 
enemy; with whom his very virtues were strong pleas 
against mercy. He was taken under promise of 
quarter, yet was carried before a court martial at Clies* 
ter, who not only condemned him to death, regardless 
of the officer's honour to whom he surrendered, but 
had even the barbarity to send him to Bolton, a town 
of his own, to be executed ; where he fell with the 
piety of a Christian, and the firmness of a soldier, 

' Pennant's Tour to A1ston«moor, p. 35. 

* Hist, of Cbarlcf) the ^cond's Preservation, p. 5, 



5AMES; EARL OF DERBY. 41 

Dn April i, 1651 ^. Collins has given a detailed and 
afiecting account of this heroic earl's behaviour and 
speech on the scaffold^ from a manuscript in the Derby 
family, drawn up by Mr. Bagaley, his attendant ^. 

Peck has printed, in his Desiderata Curiosa, lib. xi. 
p. 18, 

" The History and Antiquities of the Isle of Man, 
by James, Earl of Derby, and Lord of Man: with an 
Account of his many Troubles and Losses in the civil 
War, and of his own Proceedings in the Isle of Man, 
during his Residence there in 1643. Interspersed with 
large and excellent Advices to his Son, Charles, lord 
Strange, upon many curious Points, From the Ori- 
ginal (all of his Lordship's own Hand-writing) in the 
Hands of the lion. Roger Gale, Esq." 

* Charlotte, daughter to Claude, duke de la Trcmouine, 
the congenial counterpart of this gallant peer, behaved with 
exemplary prudence, dexterity, and honour; and her defence 
of Latham-house for a whole month against an army of two 
thousand men, may be ranked among the bravest actions of 
those times. She formed her garrison, appointed her officers, 
and commanded in chief during the whole siege, till it was 
raised by her loyal lord. Having in the course of her com- 
mand received a summons to surrender from colonel ^igby, 
she replied, in the spirit of her husband, ** Tell that insolent 
rebel Rigby, that if he presumes to send another summons 
within this place, I will have the messenger hanged up at the 
gates." This circumstance is commemorated by a picture at 
Knowsley, in Lancashire. Sec Peck, Desid. Cur. lib. xi. p. 44, 
and Pennant, ut sup. Mr. Granger mentions her as the last 
person in the British dominions, who yielded to th^ republi- 
can party. 

' See also the Somcrs' Tracts, Coll, II. vol. ii. p. soy. 



42 JAMES^ EARL OF DERBY. 

From these curious relics the following politic ad- 
monitions to his son have been excerpted : 
. *'The first conjecture one usually will give of a 
great man and of bis understanding, is, upon sight of 
his followers and servants, whether they be able and 
faithful : for then is he reputed wise, as having know- 
kdge to discern. 1 know many great families of Eng- 
land ruined; that, when I have asked the reason? 
usually the answer was, ^ In good fayth, it is great 
^ pitty — he is well born — hath had many gallant gen- 
^ tlemen of his owne name — he is himself an honest 
i gentleman — very kind natured and very liberall — ^but 
.' hath ill servants.' He might as well have said in 
short — ^ his lordship is a very fool, and his men be 
* knaves.' 

•* A master whose sen'ants prosper under him is 
•commended: but when they thrive unknown to him, 
'and he thrives not alsoe with them ; the wisdom of 
one, atid the honcsticof the other, will be suspected. 
'^ The duke of Buckingham was used to reward his 
.worst servants first : and being asked the reason, be 
said, ' Thereby he was sooner rid of them, and the 
' others would abide in hope.* How good a rule this 
'is, I know not; but certainly when you give to a good 
man because he is good, it is like to keep him good, 
and it may make others good. 

*^ At my first arrival in this country, I observed 
much the countenance of them who bidd me wel- 
come: and the eyes are often glass-windows through 
which we may see the heart. And though I will not 
presently censure by the look, I will not neither n^* 
lect some judgement thereof. Soe it isj that your eyes 



JAMES^ EARL OF DERBY. 43 

must be ever open to see others eyes, their counte- 
nances and actions. Your cares must listen to all is 
sayd, even what is whispered : for to this end God 
gave you two eyes and two eares. So alsoe you have 
but one tongue; to the end you speak not much. 
Alsoe you will be troublesome to your companions; 
and I never knew a pratler without repentance. 

"It is fitt to have charitie to thinke all men honest; 
but it is wisdom to suspect the most : and, being it is 
certain, that the greatest number of men are bad^ 
I may feare that few be good. 

"Remember this benefitt by councell ; that all 
good success will be your glory; all evill, your excuse; 
having followed the advice of others. Your counsel* 
lors are not likely to be better than yourselfe : but if 
(hey were, know this, that to aske counceli is to 
honour him of whom it is required, and libertie is not 
taken away, to doe what pleaseth you best. 

*' Though a friend at court be said to be better than 
a penny in the purse ; yett kccpe youre owne estate 
and a penny to spare, and you will create friends in 
court or country at any time. 

" It is good in all business, especially when you 
tnust appeare in publick, where you are (as indeed sel- 
dom is a great man other than) like a candle on a 
mountain, to prepare your selfe to appeare such as 
may gett you prayse: soe must you fitt you right unto 
tbe eyes you know will look upon you. But thinke 
all times all eyes, or rather Him who is all eye, be- 
holds you. Then you shall be sure to please God, the 
world, and yourself: which certainly is the greatest 
craft.*'] 



44 



ELIZABETH, 
COUNTESS OF KENT, 

[Second daughter and coheir of Gilbert Talbot, 
carl of Shrcwsbur)', sister to Alathea, countess of 
Arundel^ and wife to Henry Grey, earl of Kent. She 
was a lady of uncommon virtue aiul piety, saya 
Granger, and her being an author was the kast valuable 
part of her character'. She died at her bouse ia 
Whitefriars, Dec. 7, 1651, without issue 3. 

Her ladyship's portrait is prefixed to a small bookji 
entitled, 

" A choice Manuall of rare and select Secrets in 
Physick and Chirurger)*, by the Right Honorable the 
Countess of Kent, late deceased." Twelfth edit. 1659* 

The sixteenth edition of the book, in 1670, informs 
us in the title-page, that these rare secrets in physiq 
were only collected and practised by the countess of 
Kent. This information, if it were given 00 any 
authority, would reduce her ladyship to be considered 
in the present work as a mere transcriber of receipts 
for making confections and cordials, unguents and 
distillations ; though it would still leave her the morq 
exalted character, of having contributed with Christian 
condescension to administer to the comforUi or the ne^ 
cessities of ptbers.] 

* Biog. Hist. ToLii. p. 374. 

? pugdalc's Baronage, vol.i. p. 71^ 



45 



EDWARD SACKVILLE, 
EARL OF DORSET, 

f Another ornament of this noble family, omitted 
by lord Orford in his proper place *, was a younger 
son of Robert, carl of Dorset, and born in London 
1590. In 1605 ^^ entered as a nobleman of Christ- 
church, Oxon, where he spent three years or more, 
says Wood 3, and afterwards travelled, or went to one 
of the inns of court. In 1 616 he was made a knight 
of the bath at the creation of Charles prince of 
Wales; was a conimandcr in the Low Countries under 
sir Horatio Vere, anno 1620; succeeded his brother 
Richard in the earldom of Dorset, 1624^ and was 
made lord-chamberlain to the consort of Charks the 
first. When the rebellion broke out, he adhered to 
the royal cause, and had the offices conferred on him 
of lord-chamberlain of the king's household, lord 
privy. seal, and president of the council. After the 
king was made a prisoner, he attended him at Hamp- 
ton-couft, till bis attendance was prohibited by parlia- 
ment. His estate suffered much from his loyalty and 
attachment to bis prince ; and he died, according to 
Atfaen. OxoD. on Saturday, the 17th of July 1652^. 

* Se« note in art. of Charles Sackville, earl of Dorset. 

* Athenae, toI. ii. col. 154. 

* Wood 18 ycry circumstantial and precise in recording the 
day of his decease, from which Dugdale differs, but with in- 
dedaion. His words are^ ** This Edward, earl of Dorset, died 



46 EDWABD^ EARL OF DORSET. 

He is described by Wood as ^^ a person of acute 
parts, who had a great command of his pen^ and was 
of able elocution.'' Lord Clarendon has depicted his 
character at greater length, and with his accustomed 
force. ** The earl of Dorset's person was beautiful^ 
and graceful, and vigorous; his wit pleasant, spark* 
ling, and sublime; and his other parts of learning and 
language, of that lustre, that he could not miscarry in 
the world. The vices he had, were of the age, which 
he was not stubborn enough to contemn or resist. He 
was a younger brother, grandchild to the great trea- 
surer Buckhurst. As his person and parts were such 
as are before mentioned, so he gave them full scopej^ 
without restraint; and indulged to his appetite all the 
pleasures that season of his life (the fullest of jollity 
and riot of any that preceded or succeeded) could 
lempt, or suggest to him. He entered into a fatal quar^ 
rel, upon a subject very unwarrantable, with a young 
nobleman of Scotland, the lord Bruce ; upon which 
they both transported themselves into Flanders^ and 
attended only by two chirurgeons placed at a distance^ 
and under an obligation not to stir, but upon the fall 

upon the • • day of Majt an. 1652, and was buried with his 
ancestors at Withiham." Baronage, torn. iii. p. 401 . • ' 
Howell, the epistolarian, wrote an elegy ** upon the most 
accomplished and hcroick lord, Edward, earl of Dorset;'* 
which is printed in his Familiar Letters, and concludes with 
the following blunt epitaph: 

** Here lies a grandee by birth, parts, and mind. 

Who hardly left his parallel behind. 

Here lies the man of men, who should have been 

An emperor, had fate or fortune seen." 



EDWARD, EARL OF DORSET. 4/ 

of one of them, they fought under the walls of Ant« 
werp, where the lord Bruce fell dead upon the place; 
and sir Edward Sackville (for so he was then called) 
being likewise hurt, retired into the next monastery, 
which was at hand. Nor did this miserable accident, 
which he always exceedingly lamented, make that 
thorough impression upon him, but that he indulged 
still too much to those importunate and insatiate ap- 
petites, even of that individual person, that had so 
lately embark'd him in that desperate enterprize; 
being too much tinder not to be inflamed with those 
sparks. Yet his known great parts, and the very good 
general reputation he had acquired, notwithstanding 
his defects, inclined king James to call him to his 
privy- council before his death. And if he had not too 
much cherish'd his natural constitution and propen- 
sity, and been too much grieved and wrung by an 
uneasy and streight fortune, he would have been an 
excellent man of business; for he had a very sharp, 
discerning spirit, and was a man of an obliging na- 
ture, much honour, and great generosity, and of most 
entire fidelity to the crown 5." 

His Speeches and Letters of State, or concerning 
State Affairs, appear to have been his only publica- 
tions. They consist of 

^* A Speech for Propositions of Peace, delivered t6 
his Majesty at Oxford, on Jan. i8, 1642.'^ Lbnd. 410. 

*' A Speech at the Council-table, at Oxon, for a 
speedy Accommodation between his Majesty and High 
Court of Parliament." Oxon, 1642. 

* Hist, of the Rebellion, vol. i. p. 4S. 



48 EDWARD, EARL OP DORSET. 

** A Speech before his Majesty and Privy Council^ 
at his receiving the Office of Lord Privy-seaL" Oxon^ 
1643-4, 4to* 

** A Speech before his Majesty and Privy Counci(^ 
when he was made President of the Privy Council." 
Oxon, 1643-4, 4to.'' 

And there is 

" A Coppie of Sir Edward Sackvile his Speech, in 
the Parlianient-howse, Feb. 14, 1620:" 
inHarl. MS. 6021. 

The second of the above speeches thus opens: 
*' What 1 shall now speak, is not merely exanlmo, sed 
ex corde: some may haply impute it as proce«Jing 
from strength of affection to that place and people 
from whence I came; but I doc protest, my zeale to 
your majesty shall at this time suspend the agitation of 
such principals, and I will set aside all particular rela- 
tions, and look upon the question as it is, and not as 
passion and affection may set it forth. 

*^ The question is — concerning wars: an unknown 
Bubject; sweet to those that have not tryed it, yet the 
worst of war is usuall in the close: and at the conclu- 
sion of the most advantageous war that ever was waged, 
when all redcontngs be cast up, the conquerour halh 
had little whereof to glory. But this is not a warre 
between a king and a stranger, but between a sove- 
raigne and his subjects; a neare relation: and they had 
need to be weighty motives that shall dissolve this 
knot. Subjects are easily lost, but once lost, are 
hardly regained. Affections are like to crystall glasses, 
which broken, are hardly set together againe/'] 




John Onr.BYKAKi^ of jBbistoii, 
>"ri>m a Rare Fritit 



In 9ie <~ciIl^orAltx7 Brndrti Sut^r/and BfijT 






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49 



JOHN DIGBY, 
EARL OF BRISTOL, 

Was father of the celebrated lord Digby, and 
by no means inconsiderable himself, though 
checked by the circumstances of the times from 
making so great a figure in various lights, as 
fortune and his own talents seemed to promise. 
Marked for a season as a favourite by king 
James, he was eclipsed by the predominant 
lustre of the duke of Buckingham, and tra- 
versed by the same impetuosity in his Spanish 
negotiations, to which his grave and stately 
temper had adapted him. Being attacked by 
that overbearing man, he repelled and worsted 
him ; and shone greatly among the discontented 
in parliament: but the violences of that assem- 
bly soon disgusted his solemn disposition ; for 
he that was not supple enough for a court, was 
by far too haughty for popularity *. He would 
have been a suitable minister for Austrian 
phl^m, or a proper patriot in a diist, which 

* [Whatever was at the bottom of his actions, says Lloyd, 
there was resolution and nobleness at the top» That his spirit 
was great abroad, was his honour; but that it was too great at 
home, was his unhappiness. Obs. p. 608.] 

VOL. III. E 



50 JOHN, EARL OF BRISTOL. 

would have been content to proceed by remon- 
strance and memorial: a mercurial favourite, 
and a military senate, overset him^. 

In his youth he was a poet, and wrote — 
" Verses on the Death of Sir Henry Unton, 
of Wadley, Berks." 

"Other Poems;" 
one of which, an air for three voices, was set by 

H. Lawes, and published in his Ayres and Dia- 
logues. Lond. 1653, fol. 

" A Tract, wherein is set down those Mo- 
tives and Ties of Religion, Oaths, Laws, Loy- 
alty, and Gratitucic, which obliged him to adhere 
unto the King in the late unhappy Wars in 
England." 

" A Tract, wherein he vindicates his Honour 
and Innocency from having in any kind de- 
served that injurious and merciless Censure of 
being excepted from Pardon or Mercy either in , 
Life or Fortunes." 

Tliese two pieces have the general title of his 
Apology. 

*' An Appendix to the first Tract," 
and printed together with both pieces ; and 

" Two of his Speeches at Gien, 1647 :" 
thin folio. Reprinted J 656, 4to. 

^ Vide Clarendou, and Anthony Wood, toL ii. p. 163. 



JOHNj SARL OF BRISTOL. 51 

*^ Answer to the Declaration of the House of 
Commons, February ll, 1647, against making 
any more Addresses to the King." Caen, J 648, 
4to. 

" An Addition to the above." MS. 

" Several Letters in the Cabala." 

" Translation of Peter du Moulin's Book, in- 
tituled, A Defence of the Catholic Faith, con- 
tained in the Book of King James against the 
Answer of N. CoefFeteaii, &c." Lond. J 610. 

The dedication to the king is in the name of 
J. Sandford, his chaplain. 



[John, first earl of Bristol, the youngest son of 
sir George Digby, knight, was entered a commoner 
of Magdalen college, Oxford, in 1595. The year fol- 
lowing he composed the short copy of elegiacal verses 
which are printed at page 54. Upon quitting the 
university he travelled into France and Italy, whence 
he returned very accomplished; and in 1605 was ad- 
mitted a gentleman of the privy-chamber, and one of his 
majesty's carvers. He soon after received the honour 
of knighthood, and in 161 1 was sent embassador to 
Spain. In 16 16 he was preferred to the post of vice- 
chamberlain of the household, and sworn of the privy- 
council. In 1618 he was raisc*d to the dignity of the 
peerage, by the title of baron Digby of Sherbourne in 
Dorsetshire. In succeeding years he was the able ne- 

K 2 



32 JOHN^ BABL OP BRISTOL. 

gotiator of forty-tbree several embassies^ to the arch- 
duke Albert, the emperor Ferdinand, the duke of Ba- 
varia, and Philip the fourth, king of Spain. In con- 
sideration of his merits, as well as to give greater credit 
to his negotiations, he was created earl of Bristol in 
1622. Being censured by the duke of Buckingham, 
on his return from the Spanish court in 1624, he was 
for a short time sent to the Tower ; but after an exa- 
mination by a committee of lords, there is no evidence 
that any thing material was the result of this inquiry. 
After the accession of Charles the first, the tide of re- 
sentment ran strong against lord Bristol ; who observ- 
ing the king was entirely governed by Buckingham, he 
resolved no longer to keep any measures with the court. 
In consequence of this, the king, by a stretch of pre- 
rogative, gave orders that the customary writ for his 
parliamentary attendance should not be sent to him, 
and on the first of May 1626 he was charged with 
high-treason and other offences. Lord Bristol recri- 
minated, by preparing articles of impeachment against 
the duke ; but the king resolving to protect his minion, 
dissolved the parliament. The earl now sided with 

* He did ken the embassador-crafty says Fuller, as well as 
any in his age: his several services to foreign princes being 
recited in his patent as the main motives of the honours con* 
fcrred upon him. But his managing the matchless match with 
Spain, was his master-piece, wherein a great number of state- 
traverses -were used on both sides. His contest with the duke 
of Buckingham is fresh in many men's memories: but this lord 
fearing the duke's power, as the duke this lord's policy, it at 
last became a drawn battle between them. Worth, of Warw. 
p. 114. 



JOHN^ EABL OF BBISTOL. 53 

the leaders of opposition^ and took his seat in the long 
parliament ; but the violences of that assembly soon 
disgusting him^ he quitted the popular party, and 
became a zealous adherent to the king and his cause, 
for which at length he suffered exile, and the loss of 
his estate^. He died at Paris, Jan. 16, 1652-3, at 
the age of seventy-two. 

Lord Clarendon adds to these biographical notices, 
that the earl of Bristol was a man of a grave aspect, 
of a presence that drew respect, and of long experi- 
ence in affairs of great importance. He was a very 
handsome man ; and his parts, which were naturally 
great, had been improved by good education at home 
and abroad : but though he was a man of great parts 
and a wise man^ yet he had been for the most part 
single and by himself in business] which he ma- 
naged with good sufficiency ; and had lived little in 
consort, so that in council he was passionate and su- 
percilious, and did not bear contradiction without 
much passion, and was voluminous in discourse ; so 
that he was not considered there with much respect ; 
to the lessening whereof no man contributed more than 
bis son, the lord Digby ; who shortly after came to sit 
there as secretary of state, and had not that reverence 
for his father's wisdom, which his great experience 
deserved, though he failed not in his piety towards 
bim^ 

' Biog. Brit, and New Biog. Diet. vol. ▼. 

* Hist, of the Rebellion^ vol. ii. p. aoa, Svo.edit. 

E 3 



54 JOHN, EARL OF BRISTOL. 

Fuller remarks, that he was a cordial champion for 
the church of Endand. Some of his letters arc 

o 

printed in the Clarendon Papers, and Parliamentary 
History : and two of his speeches occur among the 
Harleian MSS. 

The following college-verses were pointed out by 
lord Orford, and printed in ** Funebria nobilissimi ac 
praestantissimi Equitis, D. Henrici Untoni," &c. 
Oxon. 1596, 4to. 

*' Parva dabit nubes pluvias: capit ungula nomen 

Isidis : Iliaden parvula testa nucis : 
£xigu4 charti totus depingltur orbis : 

Cxsaris effigiem quilibet assis babet : 
Cum nequeam Untoni defuncti dicere laudes, 

Digno pro raeritis carmine^ flebo tamen. 

" Johannes Digby, Colleg. Magd." 

In the first book of Lawes's Ay res and Dialogues, 
1653, the following neat madrigal is pointed out as 
the production of John, earl of Bristol. 

*' Grieve not, dear love, although we often part j 
But know, that Nature gently doth us sever^ 

Thereby to train us up with tender art. 
To brook the day when we must part for ever : 

^ For Nature^ doubting we should be surpriz*d 
By that sad day, whose dread doth chiefly fear us i 

Doth keep us dayly schooled and exercis'd. 

Lest that the fright thereof should over bear us."] 



55 



ULICK » DE BURGH, 
MARQUIS OF CLANRICARDE, 

AND 

EARL OF ST. ALBANS. 

He was son of the- great earl of Clanricarde 
by that remarkable woman the lady Frances, 
sole daughter and heiress of sir Francis Wal- 
singham, widow of sir Philip Sidney and of Ro- 
bert earl of Essex ; and mother of the generals 
of the parliament's army in England, and of the 
king's army in Ireland, Robert, the second earl 
of Essex, and this lord Ulick, who is repre- 
sented as a man of great honour, and, though a 
steady Roman Catholic 3, was a zealous servant 
of the king against the Irish rebels, succeeding 
the marquis of Ormorfd in his lieutenantcy and 
ill success. He lost an immense estate in that 
kingdom, and being obliged to submit to the 
superior arms of the parliament, he retired to 
England in 1657, and died within the year at 
his house called Summer-hill in Kent. He has 

" [Ulick, i. e. the red^ the third of that name, was grand- 

£ither of Ulick, called by the Irish Ne-gan, i. e. a capitibus^ or 

the beheader; having made a mount of the heads of men slain in 

batUe, which he covered with earth. Pedigree of De Burgh, p, x.J 

His oiother turned Papist after lord Essex's death. 

£ 4 



50 MARaUIS OF CLAKBICABDE. 

left a large collection of papers relating to the 
affairs of the Irish rebellion : they were pub- 
lished imperfectly at London in J 7^2, in 8vo. 
under the title of 

'^ Memoirs of the Right Honourable the 
Marquis of Qanricarde, Lord Deputy of Ire- 
land ; containing several original Papers and Let- 
ters of King Charles th^ Second, the Queen 
Mother, the Duke of York, the Duke of Lor- 
rain, the Marquis of Ormond, Archbishop of 
Tuam, Lord Viscount TaafFe, &c. relating*- to 
the Treaty between the Duke of Lorrain and 
the Irish Commissioners, from February 1 650 to 
August 1653, (said to be) published from his 
lordship's original manuscript. To which is 
prefixed a Dissertation containing several curious 
Observations concerning the Antiquities of Ire- 
land 3." 

But a complete edition has been lately given 
in folio by the present earl, called, 

" The Memoirs and Letters of Ulick Mar- 
quis of Clanricarde and Earl of St. Albans^ Lord 
Lieutenant of Ireland, and Commander in Chief 
of the Forces of King Charles the First in that 
Kingdom during the Rebellion, Governor of the 
County and Town of Galway, Lord Lieutenant 

• [This Dissertation, says sir James Ware, by no means an- 
swers what is promised in the title. Writers of Ireland, p. 203.] 



MARQUIS OF CLANRICARDB. 57 

of the County of Kent^ and Privy G)un8ellw 
in England and Ireland. Printed from an au- 
thentic Manuscript, and now^rst published by 
the present Earl of Clanricarde. *Lond. 1757- 
With a Dedication to the King and an Account 
of the Family of De Burgh." 

The title of the new edition is more proper 
than the former, as it is in reality little more 
than a collection of letters strung together to 
preserve the connexion. 



[This earli whom Granger has arranged under the 
class of Irish nobility, was not, he says, a man of 
shining abilities, but of great humanity, courtesy, and 
generosity; strongly attached to his friends, a true 
lover of his countr\', and above all sordid views or 
motives of private interest. He adhered to the crown 
from principle, and had a particular affection for the 
king's person. He for some years attended the court, 
where he contracted many friendships ; and indeed few 
courtiers have been more generally esteemed *. Judge 
Lindsay has greatly added to this honourable charac- 
ter, by a short comparative view of the two great 
Irishmen of their age, the marquisses of Ormond 
and Clanricarde^, in which he observes, ^^ They were 
both of ancient extraction and great estates, of equal 

^ Biog.Hist. vol.ii. p. 149. 

^ Printed with the pedigree of the fomily of De Burgh, be* 
fore lord Clanxicaxde's Memoirs, p. six. 



58 MARQUIS OF CLANRICABDE. 

magnanimity, but of different persuasions in religion : 
the first being of the Protestant religion as professed 
in the established churches of England and Ireland ; 
the other was of the religion of the church, not of the 
court of Rome. They both preserved an unshaken 
and steady loyahy to their prince, and an abstracted 
love for the true interest of their country. These 
principles, no sufferings which were great, no dangers 
which encompassed them on every side, could in the 
least alter. The marquis of Clanricarde seems to de- 
rive some advantage to his character from an erroneous 
religion, and an infirm constitution of body. No pro- 
spect of benefit to his persuasion, no invitations of 
persons of quality of the same opinion, could prevail 
upon him to depart from his duty to his king and 
country ; and no pain, no sickness which did not con- 
fine him to his bed or house, ever made him decline 
such fatigue or expeditions as he thought necessary to 
be undertaken for the good of the kingdom. His 
memory will be precious with all men of honour and 
virtue to the latest posterity.'* 

His lordship's numerous letters appear to be alto- 
gether of a political nature ; and a short extract as a 
specimen of his epistolary style, may therefore suffice. 

" To my lord of Inchiquin. 

« My lord, 

*' The bearer, my noble kinsman, sir Roger Shagh- 

nussy, being by my licence upon his departure out of 

this government into Munster^ to take care of his 

lady^ family, and estate in those parts, which by rea- 



MARQUIS OF CLANRICARDE. 5^ 

son of his long absence, hath and may suffer much by 
the general unhappy distempers in this kingdom ; I 
could not let so much worth and merit pass from me, 
without giving your lordship notice that in his own 
person, his son and followers, he hath constantly, and 
with much forward affection, been present and assist- 
ing to me in all my proceedings and endeavours for his 
majesty's service: and I must truly attribute much of 
what I have been able to compass therein, to his dili- 
gence and ability. And the due consideration thereof 
I do recommend unto your lordship, that he may find 
your favour and assistance in all his just occasions, 
both for reparation, and for the safety ahd preser\'ation 
of himself and estate in those parts : and our condi- 
tion here I shall refer to his relation* 

** I must not omit to give your lordship many hum- 
ble thanks for your favour shewed to Marcus Lynch 
and others of Galway, upon my letters in their behalf 
to my late lord president, which came to your lord- 
ship's hand and power to effect^ and if in any thing my 
service may be of use to your lordship, I shall esteem 
it a very great happiness to be guided to those ways 
and emplojmnents, that may with most respect approve 
me your lordship's affectionate kinsman to serve you, 

'^Clanricarde and St. Albans. 
^^ Lou^hreagky the 2^ihofJulyi 1642."] 



60 



HENRY CAREY, 
SECOND EARL OF MONMOUTH. 

The depression of the nobility after the death 
of Charles the first, threw many of them into 
studious retirement ; of which number this se- 
cond earl of Monmouth appears to have been 
the most laborious. He seems to have dis- 
trusted his own abilities, and to have made the 
fruits of his studies his amusement, rather than 
his method of fame. Though there are several 
large volumes translated by him, we have scarce 
any thing of his own composition ; and are as 
little acquainted with his character as with his 
genius. Anthony Wood*, who lived so near 
his time^ and who tells us that the earl was 
made a knight of the bath at the creation of 
Charles prince of Wales in 1 6 16, professes that 
he knows nothing more of him but the cata^ 
l(^e of his works, and that he died in l66l. 
In sir Henry Chauncy*s Hertfordshire, is the in- 
scription on his monument in the church at 
Rickmansworth, which mentions his living 
forty-one years in marriage, with his countess, 



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HEKHY CaREY.EAKI, cf ifONSlOUTH, 

/^„. .„ /J„y,„,/ /Irr,,-, .,/ 



HENRT^ BARL OF MONMOUTH. 6l 

Martha, daughter of the lord- treasurer Mid- 
dlesex. 

There are extant of his lordship's ' no less 
than seven folios, two octavos, and a duodecimo^ 
besides the following : 

" Speech in the House of Peers, January 30, 
1641, upon Occasion of the present Distrac- 
tions, and of his Majesty's Removal from White- 
hall." London, l641. 

" Romulus and Tarquin ; or, De Principe et 
Tyranno." Lond. l637, 12mo. 

A- translation from Marq. Virg. Malvezzi. 
Sir John Suckling has written a copy of verses* 
in praise of this translation, printed in his 
Fragmenta Aurea, Lond. 1648. 

" Historicall Relations of the United Pro- 
vinces and of Flanders." Lond. 1 652, folio. 
Translated from Cardinal Bentrvoglio. 

> [His brother, Thomas Carey> was a writer of occasional^ 
poems, one of which was set to music by Henry Lawes, and 
printed in his Ayres and Dialogues, 1653.] 
* [Suckling begins his compliment by saying: 
It is so rare and new a thing to see 
Aught that belongs to young nobility 
In prints but their owne clothes; that we must praise 
You, as we would doe those first shew the wayes 
To arts or to new worlds, &c. 
Other copies of verses were prefixed by sir Robert Stapyl* 
ton, sir William Davenant, Carew, Townshend, and Wortley. J 



fo HENBY, EABL OF MONMOUTH. 



C€ 



History of the Wars in Flanders/' Lond. 
I654S folio. 

From the same author. Before this translation 
is the earl of Monmouth's picture. 

" Advertisements from Parnassus in two 
Centuries ; with the Politic Touchstone." Lond» 
J 656, folio. 
From Boccalini. 

" Politic Discourses, in three Books." Lond. 
1657, folio. 

The original by Paul Paruta, a noble Venetian : 
to which is added, " A short Discourse," in 
which Paruta examines the whole course of his 
life. 

" History of Venice, in two parts;" 
from the same author. Lond. l658, folio. 

" With the Wars of Cypnis;" 
wherein the famous sieges of Nicosia and Fa- 
magosta, and the battle of Lcpanto, are con- 
tained. 

"The Use of Passions V Lond. 1649, and 
1671, 8 vo. 

ft [Fenton speaks of this book as published in 16789 whence 
he supposes that Waller prefixed a copy of Latin verses to tt» 
at the age of seventy-three. It is probable, however, that they 
were printed with the edition cited by lord Orford ; in whkb 
case Fenton's supposition will be found groundlesft.^ 

* [Written in French by J. F. Senault, and put into Bog* 
lish by Henry, earle of Monmouth, A. D. 1649.] 



nSNRT^ EARL OF MONMOUTH. 63 

^ Man become guilty ; or, the Corruption of 
his Nature by Sin." Lond. 

Both written in French, by J. Francis Senault. 
Before the former is a good bust of the earl, 
engraved by Faithome, who, when he took 
pains, was an admirable engraver. 

" The History of the late Wars of Christen- 
dom." 1641, folio. 

I believe this (which Wood says he never 
saw) is the same work with his translation of 

" Sir Francis Biondi's History of the Civil 
Wars of England, between the Houses of York 
and Lancaster^." 

His lordship began also to translate from the 
Italian, 

" Priorato's History of France;" 
but died before he could finish it. It was com- 
pleted by William Brent, esq. and printed at 
London 1677. 



[This nobleman, who wa3 the eldest son of Robert, 
the first earl of Monmouth, was born in 1596, 
admitted a fellow-commoner of Exeter college, Oxon, 
at the age of fifteen, and took the degree of B. A. in 
1613; after which he was sent to travel into foreign 
countries. In 1625 he was known by the name of 

' Vide Biogr. Brit. p. 1146. 



64 HBNRY^ EABL OF IfONMOUTH. 

lord Lepington^ his father being created earl of Mon- 
mouth; and was noted^ says Wood^j as a person well 
skilled in the modem languages, and a general scholar; 
the fruit whereof he found in the troublesome times of 
rebellion, when by a forced retiredness he was capaci- 
tated to exercise himself in studies, while others of the 
nobility were fain to truckle to their inferiors for com- 
pany-sake* He died June 13, 1661. 

As a specimen of his lordship's studied prosaic style, 
the following dedication is taken from his version of 
Romulus and Tarquin. 

** To the most sacred Majesty of Charies the First, 

&c. &c. 
*' Give mee leave, sir, I beseech you, to present 
your majestic with a glasse, wherein you may see your 
soule. A good face may be discerned in a glasse of 
jet ; and if conlraria juxta se posita, doe magis duces- 
cere ; if contraries doe best appeare, when most di- 
rectly opposed, how can Charles the gratious be better 
drawn to the life, than by the description of Tarquin 
the proud ? How can the unparallei'd Charles the chaste, 
bee better portraitcd, than by the deciphering of Tar- 
quin the foule ravisher? How can the happinesse your 
majesties realms enjoy under your majesties blessed go- 
vernment, better appeare, than by the making knowne 
what miseries and slavery the Romans endured under 
the rule of Tarquin the tyrant?, And how, sir, can 
yourpietie and religious zeale be better manifested, 
than by the selfe deification of Romulus ? who, though 
it be true, he had the honour of being the first founder 

* Athcoae, voL ii. col. 15 7. 



HSKRT^ EARL OP MONMOUTH. 65 

of a famous people^ yet non minor est virtus quam qua-- 
rere, porta tueri. Wherein to shew your majesties 
wisdome and vigilancie, I need not expatiate my selfe. 

'' This glasse^ sir, is originally Italian, and those 
your majestie knowes are much better than ours of 
England ; as made by better workmen, and of more 
refined materials. This, sir, is but the copy of a prin- 
cipall, which I must confesse, deserves to be copied by 
a much more skilfull hand ; but as it is, sir, I hum- 
bly beg your majesties gracious patronage of it, and 
your pardon for my so doing, to 

'^ Your msyesties humble and loyall subject, 

^' And therein most happy, 

" Lepingtom." 

Before his version of Senault on the Passions, the 
following lines were inserted by 

" THB T1AN8LAT0R> UPON THB BOOK. 

*' If to command and rule ore others, be 
The thing desired above all worldly pelf} 

How great a prince, how great a monarch's he 
Who govern can^ who can command himself! 

If you unto so great a pow*r aspire. 

This book will teach you how you may it acquire. 

" Love tnm'd to sacred friendship here you *11 finde. 

And hatred into a just indignation; 
Desires, when moderated and not blinde. 

To have to all the vertues near relation. 
Flight or eschewing, you will finde to be 
The chiefest friend to spotless chastity. 

VOL. III. F 



66 HBNRT^ EARL OF MONMOUTH. 

" Yoa *1 find how hope incites to noble acts. 
And how despair diverts rash enterprises; 

How fear from wisdom nought at all detracts, 
fiat is of use to her, through just surmises j 

How boldness may in hand with valor ride. 

How hatr-brain*d choler may with justice side ; 

'* How harmless joy we may fore-runner make 

Of that eternal never-ending bliss. 
Whereof the saints in heaven do partake; 
And how our earthly sorrow nothing is 
But a sharp corrosive, which, handled wdl. 
Will prove an antidote to th* pains in helli-— 
Thus rebels unto loyalty are brought. 
And traytors true allegeance are taught.*'} 



07 



EDWARD VAUX, 

LORD VAUX OF HARWEDEN, OR 

HARRODEN, 

[SuccBBD£D his grandfather William, lord VauX; 
married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas, earl of Suf- 
folk, and dying without heirs, in 1661, the title be- 
came extinct^. He translated (says Dr. Lort), 
" The Life of St. Paul, from the French." 
It was published and dedicated to his lordship by 
F. D. in 1653, 24to. with a print of St. Paul preach- 
ing, prefixed, etched by Hollar 3. Mr. Brand happens 
to possess a copy of the scarce little book pointed out 
by Dr. Lort, with the print and dedication : of the 
latter he has favoured me with a transcript, which 
clearly appropriates the performance to his lordship, 
as the extracts underneath will show : though no spe- 
cimen of the translation is likely to be required^.] 

* See Dugdale's BaronagCy torn. iii. p. 305; Bolton's Ex- 
tinct Peerage, p. 287; and Gent. Mag. for 1793, p. 117. 

* MS. note in Mr. Cough's copy. 

« << To the right hon. Edward lord Vaux, baron of Har- 
roden, &c. 
« My lord, 

*< Having obteined, by mcanes of your most noble lady, a 
fiew of this choise piece, which through your hands, presents 
in our idiome saint Paul's life, in whom wee Gentiles are so 
highly concerned: my reverence to the blessed apostle, and my 
^utyNto my country, emboldened me to publish this ebborate 

p2 



68 SDWARD^ LOBD VAUX. 

tianspoaition of your lordship's out of French into English, t# 
a common perusal of all our countrey-men. Sec 

** That I acquainted not your lordship with the publishingy 
I find examples of great saints to have paralleld my adventure; 
as of St. Amand to St. Paulin, &c. 

** That your illustrious consort gave me your book to read, 
and if upon discussion, I should esteem it able to bear the rubbs 
of rigid censurers to print it^ was her conunendable tenderness 
lit order to your lordship, and Christian providence in order to 
the publique. 

** Thif work, for the subject, commandeth devotion and re- 
verence in the reader, for the accurate delineation of his life, 
and learned intermixtion of other contemporary occurrences, 
deserve so ingenuous and pious a translator as your lordship* 
In lieu of translator, I might beg leave to say interpreter; for 
you have not only given us in Englub the things signified in the 
Frenebf which if the duty of a translator, but you have ren* 
dered the very mentall conception of the author; which, in 
Ari<totle's stile, is the office of an interpreter; and in this, 
much obliged all, especially him who had the priviledge to 
•fick the first morning sap ; which by all duteous expiessions I 
mutt confess, who am your honours most obliged and £uth- 
fiiU eervant, 

•*F.D." 



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69 



WILLIAM FIENNES, 
VISCOUNT SAY AND SELE, 

(^LiNEALLr descended from William, lord Say, killed 
in the battle at Bamet (2 Edward 1 V.)^ was bom at 
Broughton, near Banbury, in Oxfordshire, about 1582, 
was trained up in grammaticals, says Wood% in 
Wykeham's school; became a fellow-commoner of 
New college at fourteen years of age, where spending 
some time in logic and philosophy, he was called home 
for a season. Afterwards he went abroad, and being 
invested at his return with a considerable estate, gave 
and obtained a vast sum of money toward carrying on 
the war in the Palatinate, which procured him the 
favour of king James ; till exciting some displeasure 
by the unconstrained mode of contribution allowed to 
certain friends, he was put under confinement, but li- 
berated in a few weeks, and advanced from a baron to 
a viscount, July 7, 1624. By king Charles he was 
made master of the court of wards, being the last 
who held that office, which was abolished in 1646 by 
the parliament, that granted him jf 10,000, and a 
part of the earl of Worcester's estate, as a compen- 
sation for the loss of his place. He was one of the 
chiefs of the independent party, and consequently a 
republican ; and was among the first who bore arms 

* Athenae Oxon. vol. ii. col. a 79 . 
P 3 • 



70 VISCOUNT SAY AND SELE. 

against the king 3. This high-spirited lorJ^ who had 
the most chimerical notions oi civil liberty, upon the 
defeat of those projects in which he had so great a 
share, retired with indignation to the isle of Lundy, 
on the coast of Devon, and continued a voluntary pri- 
soner in his fastness till the protector's death^. After 
the restoration, he was preferred to the honourable 
offices of lord privy- seal, and chamberlain of the 
household, by Charles the second, according to the 
prudent maxim of that prince, to *' caress his foes, and 
trust his friends^.'* This noble author died April 14, 
1662. 

Beside several speeches in parliament, the following 
list of his publications is given by Wood. 

'^ The Scots Designs discovered ^, relating their 

^ He was lauded by Capt. W. Mercer (the panegyrist of the 
^republican leaders) as the Maecenas of London in his day; and 
thus did the vener^ as he termed himself, close his plausive 
strain: 

« 

*^ For neither Plato for his wisest parts. 
Nor Mars for valour, Cato for his arts, 
Nor yet Mecznas for his Worthy praise. 
They need not make so much report of these; 
Nor yet needs Rome extoll and tell so much, 
As if the world, nor we could shew tfiem such; 
Against them all, I do protest, appeal. 
To thee brave Fiennei, lord vucount Saj cmiSeair 

Angliae Speculum, 1646. 

* Echard, p. 716. 

* Granger's fiiog. Hist. vol. ii. p. 141. 

* Lord Orfbrd mentions this as extant in the Sunderlaad 
library at Blenheim. Works, voL L . p. 469. . 



TI8C0UNT SAY AND SELE. 71 

dangerous Attempts lately practised against the* Eng- 
lish Nation, with the s^d Consequence of the same. 
Wherein divers Matters of public Concernment are 
disclosed; and the Book called ^Truths Manifest,' 
is made apparent to be ^ Lies Manifest."' Lond. 
1643* 4^0. 

This is said to be usually called ^' Findicia Ferita^ 
its, or an Answer to a Discourse entitled * Truth 
is Manifest,' " &c. 

'^ Folly and Madness made manifest; or some 
Things written to shew how contrary to the Word of 
God, and Practice of the Saints, in the Old and New 
Testament, the Doctrines and Practices of the Quakers 
are," &c. Oxon, 1659, 4t6. 

^^ The Quakers Reply manifested to be Railing : or 
a Pursuance of those by the Light of the Scriptures, 
who through their dark Imaginations would evade the 
Truth," &c, Oxon, 1659-60, 4to. 

Other things of his, says Wood, I have not yet 
seen: nor has the editor been able to discover any of *" 
the preceding, in the copious collections of printed 
tracts either in the British Museum or the Bridgewater 
library,] 



F 4 



ELIZABETH, 
COUNTESS OF BRIDGEVVATER, 

[Xhb amiable daughter of the loyal and esteemed 
William Cavendish, marquis of Newcastle, married 
John, viscount Brackley, in 1642, who performed the 
part of the elder brother in Comus, and who succeeded 
t6 the earldom of Bridgewater in 1 649. This lady was 
introduced by Ballard among his Memoirs of eminent 
Women \ and a memorial of her extraordinary cha- 
racter, taken from a monumental record in the church 
of Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, was printed from Chann- 
cey*s History of that county 3. This inscription in- 
forms us, that she had composed 

'^ Meditations and Prayers, with devout Contem- 
plations upon every particular Chapter in the Bible, 
written with her own Hand." 

But a valuable correspondent ^ in the Gentleman'^s 
Magazine, for 1792^, who signs himself ** A Lover 
of Biography/* and who is not only a lover but an 
adept in that and other departments of polite litera- 
ture, announces himself as the possessor of a volume 
in manuscript, which contains the pious compositions 
of this lady, and is thus entitled : 

* Page 199. 

* VoL L p. 609. See also CoUins's Peerage. 

^ Samuel Egerton Brydges, esq. of I>cnton-€oart, Kent. 
^ See Supplement, p. 1x63. 



COUNTESS OF BBIDGEWATER. 7$ 

^' True Coppies of certaine loose Papers left by the 
Right Hon. Elizabeth^ Countesse of Briilgewater, col- 
lected and transcribed tbgether here, since her Deaths 
Anno Dni. 1663/' 

** All which," says Mr. Brydges, ** Is evidently 
the fair hand of an amanuensis; and under it is the 
earl's attestation and subscription, in these words, 
* Examined by J. Bridgewaier.* This manuscript, 
which has never been out of the hands of the countess 
and her descendants, is certainly a proof of a very un- 
^ common piety at least, which in the accounts of her 
has not been at all exaggerated, and which combined 
with her beauty, her accomplishments, her youth, her 
descent, and the pathetic epitaph on her death, of that 
husband, who was himself distinguished for all learned 
and amiable qualities, appears eminently curious and 
interesting. Yet I am aware," says the same inge- 
nuous writer, ''that the unusual strain of religion^ 
which breaks forth on every occasion, is open to the 
jests and sneers of light-hearted and unfeeling people; 
for which reason it is a treasure that shall never, with 
my consent, be unlocked to the profane eye of the 
public at large. It consists of ' prayers^^ confessions^ 
and meditations, upon various occasions.' " 

Farther particulars of this exemplary wife and mo* 
ther may be seen in Collins's Peerage, Granger's Bio- 
graphical History, Brydges' Topographer, Warton's 
Milton, and Todd's Comus. The learned editor of 
the latter publication mentions another attested copy 
of the countess of Bridgcwater's pious and tender Me- 
ditations, which had been preserved in the Ashridge 



74 COUNTESS OF BRIDGE WATBJEt. 

library, and answers the character of them given above. 
The worthy earl desired it might be recorded on his 
tomb, that he enjoyed, almost twenty-two years, all 
the happiness that a man could receive in the sweet 
society of the best of wives. Upon her decease he 
became one of the most disconsolate of men, as he 
had been one of the happiest of husbands; and, 
enduring rather than enjoying life, '^ did sorrowfully 
wear out twenty-three years four months and twelve 
days" of widowhood, and deceased on the ^th of Oc- 
tober 1686, aged sixty-three.] ^ 




Mll^DMAV I'A^iK, 

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75 



MILDMAY FANE, 
EARL OF WESTMORLAND. 

All I can say of this lord, is, that he wrote 

" A very small Book, of Poems," 
which he gave to, and is still preserved in, the 
library of Emanuel college, Cambridge. 



[His lordship succeeded to the title on the death of 
his father, earl Francis, in 1646 % and was made one of 
the knights of the bath at the coronation of Charles 
the first. On the breaking out of the rebellion, he took 
part with that king, and was in his parliament at Ox- 
ford ; but in 1643, as observed by Whitelock, ^^ the 
earl of Westmorland and divers other delinquents 
came into the parliament, desiring the benefit of the 
declaration of both kingdoms, for composition : and 
on April 22, 1645, the earls of Westmorland, Hol- 
land, Thanet, Monmouth, and the lord Savile, took 
the oath appointed by the parliament for such as came 
in to them, before the commissioners of the great 
seal \'* But concurring in the restoration of Charles 
the second, he was constituted jointly with John, earl 
of Bridgewater, lord lieutenant of Northamptonshire. 

*■ Bolton's Extinct Peerage, p. 3 ox. 
> MemorialSy pp.Sa, us* 



76 EARL OF W£STMORLAKD. 

His lordship married Grace, the daughter of sir 
William Thornehurst, knight; and secondly, the 
widow of sir Roger Townshend, daughter and coheir 
of the famous Horace, lord Vere, of Tilbury, He 
died Feb. 12, 1665, and was buried at Apethorp^. 

A copy of the " Book of Poeqas** mentioned by 
lord Orford^ is in the possession of the present editor, 
and bears the title of 

« OtiaSacraj" 
was printed in 1648, and is in quarto. The contents, 
as the title indicates, are chiefly of a grave and 
pious cast, laudable in their tendency, but of little 
poetic attraction, from the metaphysical and mis- 
guided taste of the noble writer^. 

« Collins's Peerage, vol. iii. p. 184. 

» It it Dot unlikely that bis lordship was incited to pot his 
e£Fusions in print by the following recommendation of Henicki 
which made its public appearance in the same year: 

<<T0 THE RIGHT HONOURABLE MILDMAYy EAELB OF 

WESTMORLAND. 

** You are a lord, an earle, nay more, a man 
Who writes sweet numbers, well as any can: 
If so; why then are not these verses huil'd. 
Like Sybils leaves, throughout the ample world f 
What is a Jewell, if it be not set 
Forth by a ring, or some richcarkanet? 
But being so ; then the beholders cry- 
See! see! ajemme, as rare as Belus' eye ! 
Then publick praise do's ninne upon the stone* 
For a most rich, a rare, a precious one. 
Expose your jewels then unto the view, 
Hiat we may praise them, or themselves prize you* 



EARL OF WESTMORLAND. 77 

Pnttenbtm^ bimsdf a poet, contrived an Arte of 
Poesie in oar first Augustan age of English literature, 
as the reign of Elizabeth has been termed^; and de- 
voted a whole chapter of his didactic treatise to the 
exhibition of geometrical formularies for verse. The 
earl of Westmorland, about half a century later, was 
sometimes seized with a mechanical impulse, like Put- 
tenham's poetic cramp, which led him to degrade his 
^' Otia Sacra'* by figures of anchors, chains, hearts, 
steps, mounts, pyramids, &c. surrounded with emble- 
matical inscriptions. When he was not led astray 
however by these puerile fancies, his lordship evinced 
the feeling of a moralist, if not the fancy of a poet, as 
the subsequent selections may serve to show. 

*' VIRTUS VERA NOBIL1TA8. 

" What doth he get who e're prefers 
Tlie *scutchioDs of his ancestors ? 
This chimney-peice of gold or brass ? 
That coat of annes blazon'd in glass ? 
When those with time and age have end^ 
Thy prowess must thy self commend. 

The smooty shadows of some one 

Or other's trophees^ carv*d in stone ; 

Defac*d^ are things to whet, not try 

Thine own heroicism by. 
For cast how much thy merits score 
Falls short of those went thee before ; 

* Virtue conceal'd (with Horace you'l confesse) 

* Diffiarsnot much from drowzie slothfubesse*' " 

Hesperides, 1648, p. aoo. 
SeeBrit«Crit«fbrJu1y 1794, p.4i. 



7S feARL OF WE&TMORLANB. 

r 

By 80 much art thou in arrear^ 

And 8tain*st geotility, I fear : 
True Nobleness doth those alone engage. 
Who can add vertues to their parentage.** 

" TO RETIRBDNBS8. 

" Next unto God, to whom I owe 
\Vhate*re I here enjoy below, 
I must indebted stand to thee. 
Great patron of my libertie ! 
For, in the cluster of affaires 
Whence there are dealing several! shares. 
As in a trick thou hast conveigh*d 
Into my hand what can be said ; 
Whilst he who doth himself possess 
Makes all things pass him seem farr less. 

" Riches and honors, that appear 
Rewards to the adventurer. 
On either tide of court or seas 
Are not attain*d, nor held with ease; 
But, as unconstancy bears sway. 
Quickly wUl fleet and ebb away ; 
And oft, when Fortune those confers. 
She gives them but for torturers. 
When, with a minde, ambition-fiee. 
These and much more come home to me. 

" Here I can sit, snd sitting under 
Some portions of His works of wonder. 
Whose all are such, observe, by reason^ 
Why every plant obeys its season ; 
How the sap rises, and the faH 
Wherein they shake off leafs and all : 
Then how again they bud and spring -, 
Are laden for an offering; 



EARL OP WESTMOBLAin). JQ 

Which^ whilst my contemplation sees, 
I am taught thankfulness from trees. 

" Then, turning over Nature*8 leaf, 
I mark the glory of the sheaf. 
For every field's a severall page 
Dlsciphering the golden age ; 
So that without a miner's pains 
Or Indie's reach, here plenty raigns. 
Which, watred from above, implies 
That our acknowledgments should rise 
To Him, that thus creates a birth 
Of mercies for us out of earth. 

*' Thus, out of fears, or noise of warr. 

Crowds, and the damourings at barr. 

The merchant's dread, th' unconstant tides. 

With all vexation besides, 

I hugg my quiet: and alone 

Take thee for my companion; 

And deem, in doing so, I 've all 

I can true conversation call: 

For so, my thoughts by this retreat 

Grow stronger, like contracted heat.'* 

The following quaint tribute may be acceptable to 
the future biographers of ^' rare Ben/' 

" IN OBITUM BBN. JOHNS. POBTJB BXIMII. 

** He who began from brick and lime 

The muses hUl to dimbe. 

And whilom busied in laying ston. 

Thirsted to drink of Helicon; 

Changing his trowell for a pen. 

Wrote straight the temper not of dirt but men: 



80 EARL OP WESTMbRLAlffD. 

Now sithence that he Ls turned to day, and gon. 

Let those remain of th' occupation 

He honor*d once — square htm a tomb^ 0137 say— 

His craft exceeded farr a dawbers way; 

Then write upon*t — ' He could no longer tarry, 

' But was retum*d again unto the quarry/ " 

From the author's address to his book ^» it appears 
that this volume was only printed for presents to 
friends ^y which accounts for its great rarity. In La- 
chr)'mae Musarum, the Tears of the Muses, exprest 
in Elegies, Sec. upon the Death of Henry> lord Hast- 
ings, i6;o, the earl of Westmorland has a poetical 
remembrance to his kinsman, which takes the lead in 
that collection. Cleveland speaks in a very inebri- 
ated strain, of some compliment paid to him by this 
nobleman, and says 'Mt was almost impossible to 
read your lines and be sober. Such is the strength 
and spirit of your phancy, that methought your 
poems (like the richest wine) sent forth a steam at 
the opening : what flowed firom your brain, fumed 
into mine;" &c.] 

* ** Gee, and my blessing with thee ; then remain 
Secure, with such as kindly entertain: 

If sent to any others — tell them this— 
The author so takes but his mark amiss. 
Who 's fearless of reproach from cnticks* skill, 
Seingy t' look a given horse i* th' mouth sounds ill: 
And what alone to friends be would impart. 
Hath not at all to doe with fair or nuut ; 
Wherefore, whoever shall peruse these rimes 
Must know they were beguikrsof qiare tones." 

Otia Sacra, p. 174* 

* See Cleveland's Works, p. 151, edit. 1677. 




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61 



DUDLEY, 
LORD NORTH, 

The third baron of" this accomplished family, 
was one of the finest gentlemen in the court of 
king James*; but in supporting that character, 
dissipated and gamed away the greatest part of 
his fortune. In l645, he appears to have acted 
with the parliament, and was nominated by 
them to the administration of the admiralty, in 
conjunction with the great earls of Northum- 
berland, Essex, Warwick, and others. He lived 
to the age of eighty-five, the latter part of 
which he passed in retirement, having written 
a small folio of miscellanies, in prose and verse, 
under this title, 

" A Forest promiscuous of several Seasons 
Productions, in ^our parts.'* 1659. 

The prose, which is affected and obscure, 
with many quotations and allusions to Scripture 
and the Gassics, consists of essays, letters, cha- 

* [Oavies of Hereford addressed a panegyrical epigraniy in 
his Scoiii|;e of FoUy, to ^ Uie truly noble» deservedly al*be« 
lovedf the lord North," and exclaimed — 
** Thou art a subject worthy of the muse 

When most she raignes in height of happioesse, 
Into whose noUe spright the heavens infuse 
All gifts and graces, gracing noblenesse." j 

VOL. III« . O 



82 DUDLEY^ THIRD LORD NORTH. 

racters in the manner of sir Thomas Overbury, 
and devout meditations on his misfortunes. 
The verse, though not very poetic, is more 
natural, and written with the genteel ease of a 
man of quality ; a specimen of which, being 
very short, I shall produce. 

AIR. 

*' So fiill of courtly reverence. 

So full of formall faire respect. 
Carries a pretty double sense. 

Little more pleasing than neglect. 
It is not friendly, *t is not free ; 

It holds a distance halfe unkind : 
Such distance between you and mee 

May suite with yours, not with my mind. 
Oblige mee in a more obliging way $ 
Or know, such over-acting spoyles the play.** 

There is one set of a sort of sonnets*, each 
©f which begins with a successive letter of the 
alphabet. 



^ [These tonnets, if so they may be called, form a aeriei 
poetical d^otions in imitation of the czizth psalm,and are 
titled ^ Corona." Some introductory lines are addressed ^ 
divineit Herbcrtt" whom the author considers as his pio 
rival. The poetry of Herbert was more susceptible of rivihy 
than his conduct as a parish-priest: yet honest Walton tells 
that DO less than xqiOoo copies of his poems were told. Thcr^ 
is kss reason to wonder, as Mr. Ellis observes, at the popnls-* 
rity of his << Priest to the Temple/' a pitMC worJK of mipre- 
tending practical utility, exhibiting the duties of a duncter 
never to be mentioned without respect, that of a conscicntioui 
clergyman residing in his parish. See Spedmens^voLiii. p. isj. J 



BUDLBT^ THIRD LORD NORTH. 83 



[This nobleman succeeded his grandfather^ Roger^ 
second lord North, Dec. 3, 1600, at the age of nine- 
teen. He married Frances, daughter and coheir of 
sir John Brocket, of Brocket-hall, Herts, and was st 
person, says his grandson, Roger North, *^ full of fire 
and spirit; yet after he had consumed the greatest 
part of his estate in the gallantries of king James's 
court, or rather of his son prince Henry's, retired and 
lived more honourably in the country upon what wa^ 
left, than ever he had done before ^." 

^ Brydges' Memoirs of the Peers of England, vol. i. p. 343. 
To this nobleman is attributed the discovery of the medi- 
cinal q>ring8 at Tunbridge^wellsy and his manner of doing it is 
thus related in Burr's Historical Account of that place : ** Lord 
North, in x6o5> having reached his twenty -fourth year, fell inttf 
a consumptive disorder that baffled the utmost effort of medi- 
cine; in this melancholy situation it became necessary for him 
to live more regularly than he yet had done ; and his physicians 
advised him to retire into the country, and try the efficacy of 
that last lemedy, change of air, for the re-establishment of his 
consdtntion. In consequence of this advice, his lordship, iii 
the q;iring of the year z6o6, made Bridge-house the place of liis 
vetieat, about two miles distant from Tunbridge-wells; but 
after a residence of several weeks, finding his disorder rather 
increased than diminished, and his spirits greatly lowered* he 
abruptly quitted this retired mandon, and began lus journey to 
London. Fortunately, adds the narrator, his road lay directly 
through the wood in which these useful springs were con- 
cealed from the knowledge of mankind ; so that when his Idrdp 
ihip came upon the spot he could not well pass by without 

g2 



84 DUDLEY, THIRD LOBD NORTH* 

The folio volume mentioned by lord Orford had a 
previous impression in 1645, and was entitled *' A 
Forest of Varietiei;, first part;" a second part had the 
title of ** Exoneraiions ;" and a third part included 
'* PrivadoeSy or Extravagants." A dedication to the 
queen of Bohemia bears date July 31, 1645. This 
was superseded in the second edition by a quaint ad- 
dress to the author's alma mater, Cantabrigia. 

Mr. BrydgeSj in his Memoirs of the English Peer- 
age, has given considerable extracts from 

"The Forest »•' 
of lord North, " as it is by no means common, and as 

taking notice of a water which seemed to claim his attention » 
on account of the shining mineral scum that swam on its sur- 
hcCf as well as the ochreous substance which subsided at the 
bottom. These uncommon appearances induced htm to alight 
finom his carriage, and to order one of his servants to bonxm 
a little vessel from a neighbouring hovel, that he might taste it. 
The ferruginous flavour induced his lordship to think it was 
cmbued with some medicinal properties which might be highly 
beneficial to mankind. Having submitted it therefore to cbe* 
mical analysis, he determined to try its restorative powers 
upon himself, and after about three months cootinuaoce at 
Bridge, returned to town so perfectly freed from all complaintSy 
that he lived in the indulgence of every courtly enjoymeat, till 
be attained the age of eighty-five. (Ob. 1666.)" Another tia- 
ditional report imputes the discovery of the Tunbridge waters 
to a cow; but this is classed by Mr. Burr with the storiet of 
king Bladud's swine at Bath, the leprous shepherd at Bptoo, 
and the dreamer of Glastonbury. Appendix to mslarical 
Account, p. 306. 

* Or mUemesjif according to a MS. addition belbi« the 
editor's copy, in a band^writing coeval with the boolu 



DUDLEY^ THIKD LORD NORTH. 85 

lays open many traits of the noble author's life and 
liaracter^ with much energy, feeling, ability, and elo- 
lence/' As specimens of the prose and poetry, a 
ogle instance from each may be acceptable. 

'* For my Sonne 3. 
*' Towards a departure, or a Jong journey, men use 
settle an order; to declare their will and expresse 
eir afiection. I have resolved (if it please God to 
lable me in performance) as necessary to myself and 
for you, to absent myself some little time from 
>me, that having entered you into an ceconomical 
ay, recollecting yourselfe, you may in my little for- 
ne (which I have wholly committed unto your dis* 
»sing) have a full and free faculty of managing and 
dering all according to your good pleasure and dis- 
etion. You know what is said in your Theatre 
^riculture, that s*elever trop de palaisy et nourrir 
yp de valetZf is a way to ruine. As for the first con- 
ming building, I hope so to have fumishi you, and 
ovided such accommodation, as it shall not need to 
luble either your minde or purse. For the second, it 
the mischiefe of the Elnglish manner of living (es- 
cially in the country) to labour and be charged with 
iltitude of sen'ants. Great fortunes may bear pro* 
uon : but in yours, you had need (as much as may 
) btudy a restraint. A small estate and few servants^ 
41 ordered, often make a master live most happily 
d handsomely. I never was so carelesse or prodi* 
II as to propound to my self a course of expencea 

s Dudley, foorth lord North. Vide iafnu 

q3 



86 DUDLEY^ THIRD LORD NORTH. 

abotve Qiy meanes ; but my mishap hath been^ that 
such on whom 1 have relyed, have never contwied 
l^'ithin the limits prescribed^ which hath bred my 
consumption. For though the malignity of my dis- 
ease hath thrust me beyond my inclination^ in some 
extraordinaries ; yet against that alone^ I could have 
found remedy without a breach upon the main of my 
fortune; and such expcnce I never pursued. Since 
your self hath been a witnesse and an overseer of my 
ordinary expences^ it hath not been without exceeding: 
God be thanked ! I have borne and supplyed it. You 
are not now without experience ; you have not been 
without advice ; God bless them unto you ! and 
for me, I have long since composed myself to un- 
dergo as well the censure as the losse. Good mens 
opinions I will ever value ; but fame (as a thing with- 
out me) I never much regarded. Comfort yourself 
with what Horace sayesof * parvoque potentem Fabri- 
^ tium,' and the well being that goes with them^ to 
whom ^ Dii dederunt parc^, quod satis est, manu.' I 
know a philosophical! forced contentment is no vulgar 
felicity ; but so it conduce to a bene esse, it may suf- 
fice. You have a streight and faire way before you^ 
and God hath blessed you with a good and constant 
temper and aflfections : be constant to yourself^ and 
you are well. 

" You have as well my errors as precepts to admo- 
nish and instruct you; and I hope you will make use 
of the rule of ' fcelix quem faciunt aliena pericula 
^ cautum.' Doe but you care for yourself as I have 
cared for you, and all shall (with God's bfessing) goe 
well with your minde and well with your fortune* 



OUDLEY^ THIRD LORD NORTH. 87 

Seek your happiness from God's grace and bounty | he 
will not fiul to give it you. Make Christ your rock^ 
and you have a $ure foundation. December 19, 1637.'' 

[to his fairb mistress.] 

*' Do not reject those titles of your due. 
Which Nature's art hath stiled in your face ; 

The name of Faire * onely belongs to you. 
None else that title justly can imbrace; 

You, beauties* heire, her coate sole spotlesse weare. 

Where others all some markes abatement beare. 

" Tis not their cheeks touch*d with vermillion red, 
Stain*d with the tincture of enchanting skill ^; 

Nor yet the curl'd devices of their head. 
Their breasts display*d, their looks fram*d to their will. 

Their quick-tum*d eye, nor all their proud attire. 

Can make me their perfections to admire. 

" Others are faire, if not compared to thee; 

Compared to them, thy beautie doth exceed; 
So lesser starres give light and shine we see. 

Till glorious Phoebus lifteth up his head'; 

* Faire was formerly synonymous with beauty. See Shak* 
tpeare and Dryden; or the following passage in an old tracty 
entitled Tarlton's Newes out of Purgatorie : 
^ I saw straight 
The sweetest ^W of all faces ; 
Such a face as did containe 
Heayen's shine in every vaine," 
So Addison, in his Cato: 
** 'Tis not a set of features or complexion^ 
The tincture of a skin that I admire, &c.'' 
' Sir Henry Wotton's celebrated compliment to the queen of 
Bohemia will occur to the poetical reader. 

G4 



88 DUDLEY^ THIRD LORD NORTH. 

And then^ as things ashamed of their might. 

They hide themselves, and with themselves their light« 

'^ Since Nature's skill hath given you your right. 
Do not kind Nature and your selfe such wrong ; 

You are as faire as any earthly wight; 

You wrong yourselfe if you correct my tongue : 

Though you deny her and your selfe your due, 

Ypt dutie bids me Faire intitle you !"] 




K»w\'SOMCRSKT MAB<iUlS OF WORCESTER. 



n.i'M'ritfis I:, .1 Sua 3»s S"and. 



J 



:rh 



1 I .- 



89 



EDWARD SOMERSET, 
EARL OF GLAMORGAN, 

AND 

MARQUIS OF WORCESTER, 

PEARS in a very different light in his public 
meter, and in that of author: in the former 
was an active zealot ; in the latter a fantastic 
jector and mechanic — ^in both very credulous* 
ough literary character be the intention of 
} Catalogue, it is impossible to give any idea 
this lord merely from the sole work that he 
I published, it being nothing more than, scarce 
much as, heads of chapters. His political 
LFacter is so remarkable, that it opens and 
kes even his whimsicalness as a writer less 
raordinary. In short, this was the famous 
1 of Glamorgan, so created by Charles the 
A, while heir-apparent to the marquis of Wor-. 
iter. He was a bigotted Catholic, but in 
les when that was no disrecommendation at 
Lut, and when it grew a merit. Being of a 
ture extremely enterprising, and a warm roy- 
st, he was dispatched into Ireland by the 
[ig. Here history lays its finger ; at least is 
terrupted by controversy. The censurers of 



00 MARQUIS OP WOIlC£ST£R, 

king Charles charge that prince with sending 
this lord to negotiate with the Irish rebel Ca- 
tholics^ and to bring over a great body of them 
for the king's service. The devotees of Charles 
would disculpate him, and accuse the lord Gla- 
morgan of forging powers from the king for 
that purpose. The fact stands thus: the treaty 
was discovered*; the earl was imprisoned by the 
king's servants in Ireland^ ; was dismissed by 
them unpunished before the king's pleasure was 
known. The parliament complained ; the king 
disavowed the earl'*, yet wrote to have any sen- 
tence against him suspended, renewed his confi- 
dence in him ; nor did the earl ever seem to re- 
sent the king's disavowal, which, with much 
good-nature, he imputed to the necessity of his 
majesty's affairs. This mysterious business has 
been treated at large in a book published in 1 747 ; 
and again, with an appendix, in 17^6, called 
An Inquiry into the Share which King Charles 

* By the parliament of England. 

' See lord Digby's and Glamorgan's letters on this affur ia 
the Pari. Hist. vol. xiv. p. 224. 

* f James the first had acted a similar part in regard to a 
letter written to the pope by bis Scotch secretary of itat^ 
mrhich Bellarmine upbraided him with ; and queen EUzabetli 
expostulating with James upon it^ be laid the blame on Balipe* 
rino. Dr.Lort.] 



MARQUIS OP WORCESTSB. Ql 

the First had in the Transactions of the Earl of 
Gbmorgan^ &c. It is there strenuously asserted 
against Mr. Carte, that the king was privy to 
the negotiation. Seven years elapsed without 
Mr. Carte's reply. Two months before he 
died, he was supposed to be the author of an 
advertisement, promising an answer. From the 
treatise just mentioned, it appears plainly that 
the king was at least far from disapproving the 
attempt for his service ; that the oftener he dis* 
avowed it, the more faintly he denied it ; and 
that his best friends cannot but confess that he 
had delivered blank warrants or powers to the 
carl; and his majesty's own letters seem to 'al- 
low every latitude which the earl took, or could 
take, in filling them up. Thus stands the dis- 
pute. I cannot help forming an opinion, which, 
without reconciling, will comprehend what may 
be the strongest sentiments on either side. With 
the king's enemies, I cannot but believe he 
commissioned the earl to fetch Irish forces: — » 
with his favourers, I cannot think him so much 
to blame if he did. It requires very primitive 
resignation in a monarch to sacrifice his crown 
and his life, when persecuted by subjects of his 
own sect, rather than preserve both by the as- 
sistance of others of his subjects, who differed 



Q2 MARQUIS OF WORCESTES. 

from him in ceremonials or articles of beliefs 
The dreadful Irish Papists (and they certainly 
were horrid men) sounded very pathetically, in 
a party remonstrance of the parliament; but 
when he was dipped in a civil war, can we in 
this age seriously impute it to him as a crime, 
that he endeavoured to raise an army wherever 
he could ? His fault was not in proposing to 
bring over the Irish, but in having made them 
necessary to his affairs. Every body knew that 
he wanted to do without them, all that he could 
have done with them. He had found the crown 
in possession of greater power than is fit to be 
trusted in a single hand ; he had exerted it to 
the utmost. Could a man, who had stretched 
every string of prerogative, consent, with a 
good grace, to let it be curtailed ? — I argue for 
the man, not for the particular man. I think 
Charles to be pitied, because few men in his 
situation would have acted better. I am sure, 
if he had acted with more wisdom, it had been 
worse for us ! It required a nobleness of sou) 

* His majesty at least, in accepting their support, would but 
have acted as a pious princess has done since, whom oobodj 
would suq>ect of tenderness for heretics. In the last war, the 
empress queen excused herself to the pope, for making use of 
the assistance of England, with this remarinhie czpreinoB^ 
^ Ccs sont des braves impies«" 



MARaUIS OP WORCESTER. §$ 

and an effort of understanding united, neither 
of which he possessed, to prefer the happiness 
of mankind to his own will. He had been bred 
in a palace ; what idea could that give him of the 
wretchedness of a cottage ? Besides, Charles did 
not desire to oppress the poor ; he wanted to 
humble, perhaps to enslave, some free speakers 
in the house of commons, who possibly, by the 
bye, he knew were ambitious, interested, worth- 
less men. He did not know, or did not reflect, 
that by enslaving or silencing two or three hun- 
dred bad men, he would entail slavery on miU 
lions of poor honest men, and on their poste- 
rity. He did not consider, that if he might 
send a member to the Tower, an hundred of 
hisjsubaltem ministers would, without his know- 
ledge, send a thousand poor men to jail. He 
did not know, that, by his becoming king of the 
parliament, his lords, nay, his very custom-house 
officers, would become the tyrants of the rest of 
his subjects. How seldom does a crisis happen 
like that under Henry the seventh, when the in- 
solence of the little tyrants, the nobility, is 
grown to such a pitch, that it becomes neces- 
sary for the great tyrant, the king, to trust 
liberty in the hands of the commons, as a ba- 
lance between him and his lords ! — It is more 
seriously objected to Charles, that, to obtain 



y 



94 MARaUIS OF WORCESTER. 

their assistance, he granted terms to his Catho- 
lic subjects very unsuitable to the character of a 
Protestant martyr king, as he has been repre- 
sented. Yet they are his friends who give 
weight to this objection. If they would allow 
what was true, and what appeared clearly from 
his majesty's letter, when prince, to pope Gre- 
gory the fifteenth, that Charles had been origin- 
ally not only not averse to the Romish religion^ 
but had thought the union of the two professions 
very practicable and consistent ; it would cease 
to appear extraordinary, that he should very 
readily make concessions to a party whom he be- 
lieved his friends, in order to prevent being 
forced to make concessions to his enemies. With 
his principles, could Charles avoid thinking that 
it was better to grant great indulgences to Ca- 
tholic bishops, than to be obliged to consent to 
the depression, or even suppression of episco- 
pacy in England ? The convocation itself perhaps 
would not have thought Charles much in the 
wrong. Yet it is certain that the king sent 
orders to the marquis of Ormond, to endeavour 
to disunite the Papists, and turn their arms OD 
one another, rather than grant them more in- 
dulgences^. In my opinion a toleration to Fb- 

* ParL Hist. vol. xiv. p. 95, 



J^fARQUIS OP WORCESTER. g5 

piste is preferable to intrigues for making them 
cot one anothers throats ^ But to return to 



The king, with all his affection for the earl, 
ID one or two letters to others^^ mentions his 
want of judgment. Perhaps his majesty was 
glad to trust to his indiscretion. With tftat his 
lordship seems greatly furnished. We find him 
taking oaths upon oaths to the pope's nuntio^ 
with promises of unlimited obedience both to 
his holiness and his delegate ; and ^ begging five 
hundred pounds of the Irish clergy, to enable 
him to embark and fetch fifty thousand pounds, 

» [** There appears to be great discernment, and some pro- 
priety in these animadversions: but perhaps it is difficulty 
tbcmgh not impossibley ^m the writer's guarded and ambi- 
gnooft manner of expression, to determine his real sentiments 
with req>ect to the proceedings of Charles's time. In one 
part he calls the opposition of the Papists a persecution^ and in 
another) a rebeiUon. He says the putting to death that sove- 
icign could by no means be the guilty part of their opposition ^ 
which negative is pregnant with an affirmation, that some part 
o£theiroppo6ation<it;Ar^«/7//. And yet at last he seems inclin* 
aUe to grant too much: for certainly it is not a consequence 
that aking deicrres death, because he deserves to be opposed by 
fioffoe of anna; sure there is a medium between meriting oppo- 
sitioOf and deserving death. At least the death inflicted on the 
kingy by a jurisdiction unknown to the nation, and by a law (if 
it may be called so) made ex past factor was by no means justifi- 
able or guiltless." Monthly Review, voh xix. p. 56313 

' Bunch's Inquiry, p. xa4- 



Q6 MABaUIS OP WORCESTfifi* 

like an alchemist^ who demands a trifle of 
money for the secret of making gold. In ano- 
ther letter he promises two hundred thousand 
crowns^v ten thousand arms for foot^ two thou- 
sand cases of pistols^ eight hundred barrels of 
powder, and thirty or forty ships well provided ! 
It is certain that he and his father wasted an im- 
mense sum in the king's cause, of all which 
merits and zeal his majesty was so sensible, that 
he gave the earl the most extraordinary patent 
that perhaps was ever granted * ; the chief 
powers of which were to make him generalis- 
simo of three armies, and admiral, with nomina- 
tion of his officers ; to enable him to raise mo- 
ney by selling his majesty's woods, wardships, 
customs, and prerogatives, and to create, by 
blank patents 3, to be filled up at Glamorgan's 

* Vide Collins's Peerage in Beaufort. 

' If the earl had abused the king's power before, how came 
his majesty to trust him again? to trust him with Uank 
powers? and of a nature so unknown? The house of lords 
did not question the reality of the second commission, which 
yet was more incredible than the former ; especially if the Ibi^ 
mer had been forged. [Nothing but the despcntte titaation of 
the king's afiairs, says Granger, could apologise for nidi 
strange steps. Sir Edw. Hyde, in a letter to secretary Nicfao* 
las, dated 1646-79 says, ** I care not how little I sty in that bu- 
siness of Ireland* since those strange powers atid instnictiofis 
given to your favourite Glamorgan, which appear to me inex- 
cusable to justice, piety, and prudence." Clarendon Stats 
Papers, vol. ii. p. 137.] 



MARaUIS OF WORCESTER. 97 

pleasure^ from the rank of marquis to baronet. 
If any thing could justify the delegation of such 
authority, besides his majesty's having lost all 
authority when he conferred it, it was the pro- 
mise with which the king concluded, of bestow- 
ing the princess Elizabeth on Glamorgan's son. 
It was time to adopt him into his family, when 
he had into his sovereignty. This patent the 
marquis, after the restoration, gave up to the 
house of peers. He did not long survive that 
»ra, dying in 1667, after he had published the 
following amazing piece of folly : 

^^ A Century of the Names and Scantlings of 
such Inventions^ as at present I can call to mind 
to have tried and perfected, which (my former 
Notes being lost) I have, at the Instance of a 
powerful Friend, endeavoured now in the Year 
1655, to set these down in such a Way as may 
sufficiently instruct me to put any of them in 
Practice*." 

* [At the close of the index to hi€ Century of Scantlings, the 
narquis desists from giving any farther trouble to his reader for 
thepresenty << meaning to leave to posterity a book wherein, 
under each of these heads, the means to put in execution and 
viable trial, all and every of these inventions, with the shape 
nd form of all things belonging to them, shall be printed by 
brasB plates.'' This intention was never accomplished, and 
Uie mere catalogue of his projected mechanical exhibition is 
therefore of little inherent value ; but it may serve to show 

VOL. III. H 



9b MARQUIS OF WORCESTER. 

First printed in the year l663^ and reprinted 
in 1746. 

It is a very small piece, containing a dedica- 
tion to Charles the second, another to both 
houses of parliament (in which he affirms hav- 
ing, in the presence of Charles the first, per- 
formed many of the feats mentioned in his 
book) ; a table of contents, and the work itself, 
which is but a table of contents neither ; being 
a list of an hundred projects, most of them im- 
possibilities, but all of which he affirms having 
discovered the art of performing. Some of the 
easiest seem to be ; '^ how to write with a single 
line ; with a point ; how to use all the senses in- 
differently for each other, as, to talk by co- 
lours, and to read by the taste ; to make an un- 
sinkable ship; how to do and to prevent the 
same thing ; how to sail against wind and tide; 

that more of these discoveries than lord Orford was willing to 
allow, have descended to modem times. Mr. Granger indeed 
remarks, that a practical mathematician, who has quickness to 
seize a hint, and sagacity to apply it, might avail bimtelf greatly 
of these Scantlings, though litUe more than a bare catalogvei 
and the same writer was informed by the late reverend and n- 
genious mechanic, Mr, Gainsborough of Henley, brother to 
the celebrated painter, that the marquis's book wat tar frooi 
being such a collection of whims and chimeras as it has been 
supposed to be; on the contrary, he highly esteemed the amtlior 
as one of the greatest mechanical geniuses that ever appcHtd 
in the world* Biog. Hist, vol* iii. p. ao*J 



MARaUIS OF WORCESTER. QQ 

how to form an universal character; how to 
converse by jangling bells out of tune ; how to 
take towns, or prevent their being taken ; how 
to write in the dark ; how to cheat with dice ; 
and, in short, how to fly *." Of all these won- 

^ [The remainder of these inventions, some of which re- 
semble the wonder-exciting items in a conjurer's bill of fare, 
are as follow: — ** Seals abundantly significant ; how ten thou- 
sand persons may use these seals to all and every of the pur- 
poses aforesaid, and yet keep their secrets from any but whom 
they please; how to level cannons by night ; a ship-destroying 
engine; false destroying decks; multiplied strength in little 
room; a sea-sailing fort; a floating pleasure-garden; an hour- 
glass fountain; a coach-stopping engine; a balance water- 
work; a bucket fountain; to make a river in a garden to ebb 
and flow constantly ; an ebbing and flowing castle-clock; a 
strength-increasing spring; a double-drawing engine for 
weights; ato-and-frolever; a most easy level draught; a port- 
able bridge; a moveable fortification ; a rising bulwark ; an ap- 
proaching blind ; a needle alphabet; a knotted string alphabet; 
a fringe alphabet; a bracelet alphabet ; a pinck'd glove alpha- 
bet; a sieve alphabet; a Ian thorn alphabet; to make a key of a 
chamber door a perfect pistol; a tinder-box pistol; an artificial 
bird; an hour water-ball; a scrued ascent instead of stairs; a 
portable engine in way of a tobacco-tongs; a pocket-ladder; a 
rule of gradation ; water-screw8,holIoWytransparent,and double; 
an advantageous change of centres; an ebbing and flowing water- 
work; an often discharging pistol-carabine; a flask-diarger for 
musquets or cannon; a fire water-work ; keys, triangle, rose and 
square; an escocbeon for all locks; a transmittible gallery 
over any ditch or breach in a town-wall; a conceited door; a 
discourse woven in tape or ribbon ; a continually-going watch; 
a total locking of cabinet-boxes; a comb-conveyance for Ict- 

h2 



100 MARQUIS OF WORCESTRR. 

derful inventions, the last but one seems the 
only one of which his lordship has left the se- 
cret ; and, by two^ of the others, it appears, 
that the renowned bishop Wilkins was but the 
marquis's disciple. — But perhaps too much has 
been said on so fantastic a man. No wonder he 



ten; a knife, 8poon» or fork conveyance; a rasping mill for 
harts-horn ; an arithmetical instrument; an untoothsome pear; 
an imprisoning chair; a brass mold to cast candles, in which a 
man may make five hundred dozen a day; how to make a bra- 
zen or stone head, in the midst of a great field or garden, so ar- 
tificial and natural, that though a man speak never so softly and 
even whisper into the ear thereof, it will presently open its 
mouth, and resolve the question in French, Latine, Welsh, 
Irish, or English ; card gloves, to assist the memory; an artifi- 
cial horse for running at the ring ; a gravel engine; a ship-rait- 
ing engine ; a pocket engine to open any door ; a double cross 
bow, to shoot two arrows; a firm way to make sea banks; a 
perspective instrument; a semi-omnipotent engine ; a most ad- 
mirable way to raise weights; a stupendious water-work," 
This last contrivance his lordship considered as the crown of 
all his labours; and in 1663, he procured an act of parliament 
to be passed, which was to enable himself and heirs, for ninety- 
nine years, to receive the sole benefit, pro^t, and adTantaget 
resulting from this invention ; one tenth part thereof being ap- 
propriated, without deduction or abatement, to his majesty 
Charles the second and his successors: and so exclusive was the 
patent privilege, and so sanguine were its abettors, that thase 
who counterfeited this water-commanding engine, were to fior* 
feit £$ an hour for every hour they should be found to use the 
tame, without the consent and license of the marquis of Wor- 
xester or his assigns, j 

* The Universal Character, and the Art of Flying* 



MARaUIS OF WORCESTER. 101 

believed transubstantiation, when he believed 
that himself could work impossibilities ! 

As I would by no means swell this catalogue 
unnecessarily, I shall^ under the article of this 
marquis of Worcester, say a little of his father, 
in whose name two or three pieces are published^ 
and yet without constituting him an author. 

He *^ appears to have been a worthy and disin* 
terested man, living with credit and character 
at his castle of Ragland during the peaceable 
part of king Charles's reign, and defending it 
for him at his own expense, till the very conclu- 
sion of the war, it being the last garrison that 
surrendered. The marquis, the richest of the 
peers, spent his fortune in the cause, and died 
a prisoner soon after the demolition of his castle, 
the articles of the capitulation having been vio- 
lated. One Dr. Thomas Bayly, son of the author 
of the Practice of Piety, had found his lordship in 
the Welsh mountains, had given him service- 
able information of the approach of the enemy ; 
and having been witness to some conversations 
on religion between the king, who was twice 
sheltered at Ragland, and the marquis, who had 
early embraced the Catholic religion ; Dr. Bayly, 
^ preparatory to his own subsequent change, 

' A. Wood, vol. ii. p. 98* 99, xoo. 

H 3 



102 MARQUIS OF WORCESTEB^ 

published, in the year l64Q, a book called — 
Certamen Religiosum^; or, a Conference be- 
tween King Charles the First, and Henry late 
Marquis of Worcester, concerning Religion, in 
Ragland-castle, 1646^. This piece gave great 
offence ; and was answered by Hamond L'Es- 
trange, by Christopher Cartwright of York, 
and by an advertisement of Dr. Heylin, the 
editor of king Charles's works; wherein they 
asserted that the conference was the fiction of 
Bayly, and had nothing resembling his majesty's 
style. Bayly returned abuse on Heylin in ano- 
ther book, called Herba Parietis ; and to ascer- 
tain the capacity of the marquis for such a con- 
troversy, which had been called in question, he 
published, 

" The Golden Apothegms * of King Charles 
the First, and Henry Marquis of Worces- 
ter," &c. 

Lond. J 660, one sheet in 4to. In another 
place^. Wood calls this little piece, 

' A.Wood, vol. i. p. 568. [From this convenatioo Mr. 
Seward has printed a curious extract in his Anecdotes^ td« i- 

p. 4»».] 

9 [The king marched from Hereford to Ragland-castlCf be- 
longing to the earl of Worcester, very strong of itself and 
▼cry beautiful to behold; here the king continued three weeks* 
Sir H. Slingsby's MS.Memoirs9 dted by Seward. J 

* A. Woody vol. i. p. 569. 

' VoLiL p. 99. 



MABaVIS OP W0BCB8TBR. 103 

'* Worcester's Apoth^mes; or Witty Say- 
ings of the Right Honourable Henry (late) 
Marquess and Earl of Worcester," &c, \ 

In both places Wood says this was borrowed 
fitnn the work of an anonymous author called. 
Witty Apothegms delivered at several Times, 
and upon several Occasions, by King James the 
First, King Charles the First, the Marquis of 
Worcester, Francis Lord Bacon, and Sir Tho- 
mas More. Lond. l658, 8vo. 

I suppose the date 1 650 of the second title is 
a mistake for 1 66o, because a book printed in 
1650 could not be borrowed from one published 
in the year l658. What wit there was in king 
James's bon-mots, we pretty well know. Hav- 
ing never seen the collection in question, I can 
only judge of the marquis's wit from a saying 
recorded by Anthony Wood. His lordship be- 
ing made prisoner, was committed to the cus- 
tody of the Black-rod^, who then lived in Co- 

* [A copy of this publication among the royal pamphlets in 
the British Museum, bears the date of 1650, and professes to 
hare been compiled by T. B. [Tho. Bayly], a constant observer 
and no less admirer of lord Worcester's wisdom and loyalty.] 

* [Bayly thus relates the following jest on this occasion. 
When the marquis was brought up to London, and was com 
nutted to the black rod, he asked me, ** Now, what have they 
done with me?" I answered, ^They have committed your 
lordship to the black rod." His lordship presently made this 

h4 



104 MARaUTS OF WORCESTER. 

vent-garden : the noble marquis^ says his histo- 
riographer^, demanded of Dr, Bayly and others 
in his company, " What they thought of for- 
tune-tellers ?" It was answered, " That some of 
them spoke shrewdly." Whereupon the mar- 
quis said, "It was told me by some of them, 
before ever I was a Catholic, that I should die in 
a Convent ; but I never believed them before 
now ; yet I hope they will not bury me in a Gar- 
den T — I am not eager to see more proofs of 
his capacity ' ! 



[The Apothegms of lord Worcester had a re-im- 
pression in 1669, with those of king James, &c* and 
from that edition the following anecdote is extracted : 

reply, '< I had rather be under the black rod^ than under a iUuk 
cloud *^ Ap. s^.'] 

* A. Woody vol. ii. p. 99. [See also Worcester's Apopb- 
thcgmes, p. 59.] 

' [It has been candidly remarked by Dr. Lort, that there ait 
many smart things in these apothegms, though the above was an 
unfortunate specimen to have fallen in lord Orford's way. liIS. 
note. The following anecdote may be contrasted with lord 
Orford's : When the king first entred the gates of Ragland, the 
marquis delivered his majesty the keys (according to the ordi- 
nary custom)) when the king restoring them to the maiquisy the 
latter said, ** I beseech your majesty to keep them if you please, 
for they are in a good hand ; but I am afraid that ere it be long, 
I shall be forced to deliver them into the hands of those who 
will spoil the compliment.'' Apothegms, p. za.] 



MARQUIS OF WORCESTER. 105 

The marquis had a mind to tell the king^ as hand- 
somely as he could^ of some of his (as he thought) 
faults; and thus he contrived his plot^ against the 
time that his majesty was wont to give his lordship a 
visit, as commonly he used to do after dinner. His 
lordship had the book ^ of John Gower lying before 
him upon the table. The king casting his eye upon, 
the book, told the marquis, that he had never seen it 
before. '^ O!" said the marquis, *' it is a book of 
books ; which if your majesty had been well versed 
in, it would have made you a king of kings." — ** Why 
so, my lord?'* said the king. "Why," said the 
marquis, ** here is set down how Aristotle brought 
up and instructed Alexander the great, in all his rudi- 
ments, and principles, belonging to a prince :" and 
under the persons of Alexander and Aristotle, he read 
the king such a lesson, that all the standers-by were 
amazed at his boldness. The king, supposing that he 
had gone further than his text would have given him 
leave, asked the marquis, ** Whether he had his les- 
son by heart, or whether he spake out of the book ?'* 
The marquis replyed, *^ Sir, if you could read my 
heart, it may be you might find it there ; or if your 
majesty please to get it by heart, I will lend you my 

* This book was the Confessio Amantis, where the passage 
afterwards quoted thus occurs in lib. sept. sig. C. 
^ A kynge may spille % a kynge may save, 
A kynge may make a lorde a knavcy 
And of a knave a lorde also/' &c. 

*i.e. Spoil, destroy. 



i06 MABQUI8 OF WOECBSTBIU 

book :" which latter proffer the king accepted of^ and 
did borrow it. ^^ Nay/' said the marquis^ '^ 1 will 
lend it to you upon these conditions : firsts that you 
read it ; secondly, that you make use of it." Bat 
perceiving how some of the new-made lords fretted 
and bit their thumbs at certain passages in the mar« 
quisses discourse, he thought a little to please his ma- 
jesty, though he displeased them, the more, who were 
so much displeased already ; protesting unto his ma- 
jesty, that no man was so much for the absolute power 
of a king as Aristotle ; desiring the book out of the 
king's hand, he told the king he would shew him one 
remarkable passage to that purpose, turning to that 
place that had this verse : 

A king can kill^ a king can save^ 
A king can make a lord a knave> 
And of a knave a lord also. 

Whereupon, there were divers new-made lords, 
who slunk out of the room, which the king observ- 
ing, told the marquis, '^ My lord, at this rate you will 
drive away all my nobility." The marquis replyed, 
'' I protest unto your majesty, I am as new-made a 
lord as any of them all; but I was never called knave 
and rogue so much in all my life, as I have been since 
I received this last honour, and why should not they 
bear their shares }'* 
The marquis of Worcester's little book, entitled, 
*' A Century of the Names and Scantlings of In- 
ventions, &c." 
though so severely stigmatized by lord Orford^ has 



MARaUIS OF WORCESTER. 107 

attracted some popular attention of late years, on ac- 
cottot of its containing several early notices of mecha- 
nical inventions either curious, ingenious, or useful. 
The noble author, in his dedication to the members 
of both houses of parliament, thus nobly and patrio- 
tically expresses himself, says Mr* Seward 3. 

** The way to render the king to be feared abroad is 
to content his people at home, who then with heart 
and hand are ready to assist him ; and whatsoever 
God bicsseth me with to contribute towards the in- 
crease of his revenues in any considerable way, I 
desire it may be employed to the use of his people; 
that is, for the taking off such taxes or burthens 
firom them as they chiefly grone under, and by 
a temporary necessity only imposed upon them ; 
which being thus supplied, will certainly best 
content the king and satisiie his peopIe5 which I 
dare say is the continual tend of all your inde- 
fatigable pains, and the perfect demonstrations of 
your zele to his majesty, and an evidence that the 
kingdom's trust is justly and deservedly reposed in 
you." 

A subsequent portion of this dedicatory epistle may 
be adduced as the fairest specimen of the marquis's 
sentiments, style, and characteristic self-importance. 

'^ Go on therefore chearfuUy, my lords and gentle- 
men, and not onely our gracious king, but the King of 
kings will reward you, the prayers of the people will 
attend you^ and his majesty will with thankful arms 

' Anecdotes, vol. i. p. 413. 



108 MARQUIS OF WOfiCESTER. 

embrace you. And be pleased to make use of me 
and my endeavours to enrich them, not myself; such 
being my onely request unto you, spare me not in 
what your wisdoms shall find me useful; who do 
esteem myself not onely by the act of the water* 
commanding engine^ (which so chearfully you have 

* A MS. addition to Mr, Hcber's copy of lord Worccstcr'i 
book contains the following description of this grand hydratt- 
lic machine; ascribed by the enthusiastic contriver to celestial 
inspiration. 

<* A stupendious or a water-commanding engine; boundless 
for height or quantity, requiring no external nor even addi- 
tional help or force, to be set or continued in motion, but what 
intrinsically is afforded from its own operation, nor yet the 
twentieth part thereof: and the engine consisteth of the fbU 
lowing particulars. 

** I. A perfect counterpoise for what quantity soever of 
water. 

** 1. A perfect countervail for what height soever it is to be 
brought unto. 

** '5. A primum mobile, commanding both height and quan- 
tity, regulator-wise. 

** 4. A vicegerent or countervail, supplying the place and 
performing the fiill force of man, wind, beast, or mill. 

** 5. A helm or stem, with bitt and reins, wherewith any 
child may guide, order, and controul the whole opeiatioo. 

^ 6. A particular magazine for water, according to the 
intended quantity or height of water. 

** 7. An aquaduct, capable of any intended quantity or height 
of water. 

** 8. A place for the original fountain or even river to nn 
into, and naturally of its own accord incorporate ittelf with 
the rising water, and at the very bottom of the same aquadocti 
though never so big or high. 



MARQUIS OF WORCESTER. iOQ 

past) sufficiently rewarded, but likewise with courage 
enabled to do ten times more for the future : and my 
debts being paid, and a competency to live according 
to my birth and quality selled, the rest shall I dedicate 
to the service of our king and country by your dispo- 
sals. And esteem me not the more, or rather any 
more ; by what is past, but what's to come ; profess- 
ing really from my heart, that my intentions are to 
out-go the six or seven hundred thousand pounds al- 
ready sacrificed ; if countenanced and encouraged by 
you; ingenuously confessing that the melancholy 

" By Divine Providence and heavenly inspiration, this is my 
itupendious water-commanding engine, boundless for height 
and quantity. 
"Whosoever is master of weight, is master of force; 
" Whosoever is master of water is master of both : 
"And consequently to him all forceable actions and atchieve- 
ments are easie, which are in any wise beneficial to or for 
mankind. 

" Exegi monumentum zre perennius, 
Regalique situ pyramidum altius; 
Quod non imber edax, non Aquilo impotens, 
Possit diruere, aut innumerabilis 
Annorum series, et fuga temporum. 
Non omnis moriar : multaque pars mei 
Vitabit Libitlnam, dum stabit Anglia. Horace* 

** To God alone be all praise, honour, and glory, for ever 
and ever, Amen. 

" Worcester." 
This is followed by " Copia vera" of the act of parliament ; 
and some encomiastic verses on the marquis's inventive powers, 
iigned Jacobus Rollocus, ScotO'Belga-Britannus. 



IJO MARQUIS OF WORCESTEH. 

which hath lately seized upon me (the cause whereof 
none of you but may easily guess) hath, I dare say, 
retarded more advantages to the publick service then 
modesty will permit me to utter. And now, revived by 
your promising favours, I shall infallibly be enabled 
thereunto in the experiments extant, and comprised 
under these heads practicable with my directions by 
the unparallel'd workman, both for trust and skill, 
Caspar KaltoflTs hand, who hath been these five and 
thirty years as in a school under me imployed, and 
still at my disposal, in a place by my great expences 
made fit for publick service, yet lately like to be taken 
from me, and consequently from the service of king 
and kingdom, without the least regard of above ten 
thousand pounds expended by me, and through my 
zele to the common good ; my zcle, I say, a field large 
enough for you (my lords and gentlemen) to work 
upon. 

*' The treasures buried under these heads, both for 
war, peace, and pleasure, being inexhaustible; I be- 
seech you pardon if I say so ; it seems a vanity, but 
comprehends a truth ; since no good spring but be- 
comes the more plentiful by how much more it is 
drawn; and the spinner to weave his web is never 
stinted, but further inforc'd. 

<^ The more then that you shall be pleased to make 
use of my inventions, the more inventive shall you 
ever find me; one invention begetting still another, and 
more and more improving my ability to serve my king 
and you : and as to my heartiness therein there needs 
no addition, nor to my readiness a spur. And there* 



MARQUIS OF WORCESTER. Ill 

ore (my lords and gentlemen) be pleased to begin^ and 
esist not from commanding me till I flag in my obe- 
ience and endeavours to serve my king and country : 

'' For certainly you'l find me breathless first t* expire. 
Before my hands grow weary^ or my legs do tire. 

'' Yet abstracting from any interest of my own^ but 
a fellow-subject and compatriot will I ever labour 
n the vineyard^ most heartily and readily obeying the 
east summons from you, by putting faithfully in exe- 
-^c^ution^ what your judgments shall think fit to pitch 
^^jpon amongst this Century of Experiences ; perhaps 
^dearly purchased by me^ but now frankly and gratis 
^^offered to you. 

'< Vouchsafe therefore to dispose freely of me^ and 
"^xrbatever lieth in my power to perform : firsts in order 
^0 his majesty's service ; secondly^ for the good and 
<^3tdvantage of the kingdom ; thirdly, to all your satis- 
factions, for particular profit and pleasure to your in- 
dividual selves ; professing that in all and each of the 
*three respects I will ever demean myself as it best be- 
comes, 

*' My lords and gentlemen, 
*' Your most passionately-bent fellow-subject in his 
majesty's service, compatriot for the publick good 
and advantage, and a most bumble servant to all and 
every of you. 

*' Worcester."] 



\V1 



GEORGE MONCK, 
DUKE OF ALBEMARLE. 

This memorable man, who raised himself by 
his personal merit within reach of a crown, 
which he had the prudence or the virtue to 
wave ; whose being able to place it on the head 
of the heir is imputed to astonishing art or se- 
crecy, when in reality he only furnished a hand 
to the heart of a nation ; and who, after the 
greatest services that a subject could perform, 
either wanted the sense, or had the sense to dis- 
tinguish himself no farther (for perhaps he 
was singularly fortunate in always embracing the 
moment of propriety) ; this man was an author ; 
a light in which he is by no means known, and 
yet in which he did not want merit. After his 
death was published by authority, a treatise in 
his own profession, which he composed while a 
prisoner in the Tower : it is called, 

" Observations upon military and political 
Affairs; written by the most honourable George 
Duke of Albemarle," &c. *. 

* [Published by authority; and described by the dedicator 
to have been written five-and*twenty years before, and sent 






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MONCK Ul'KK III-' AIjBERMARLE. 



Put^fftrntoe h^ss^^iiijrtAi j:ifand. 



BUKE OP ALBEMARLE. 113 

A small folio, Lond. 1671. Besides a dedica- 
tion to Charles the second, signed John Heath, 
the editor ; it contains thirty chapters of mar- 
tial rules, interspersed with political observa- 
tions, and is in reality a kind of military gram- 
mar. Of the science I am no j udge : the re - 
marks are short, sensible, and pointed. Ai*- 
mour was not yet in disuse : he tells his young 
gallants^, " that men wear not arms because 
they are afraid of danger, but because they 
would not fear it." I mention this to show 
his manner. He gives an odd reason for the 
use of pikes, preferable to swords: " that if you 
arm your men with the latter, half the swords 
you have in your army amongst the common 
men, will, upon the first march, be broken with 
cutting of boughs*." 

We have besides, 

"The Speech of General Moncke in the 
House of Commons, concerning the Settling the 
Conduct of the Armies of the Three Nations 
for the Safety thereof\" 

from the author, then prisoner in the Tower, to viscount Lisle, 
in whose hands it had been faithfully preserved, as a true pic- 
ture of the author drawn by himself, and by whose favour it 
Was consigned to the editorial care of John Heath.^ 
» Page »3. 

* Page»7. 

* Vide Buckingham's Works, vol. i. p. 344. 

VOL. III. I 



114 BUKB OF ALBEMARLE. 

'^ Speech and Declaration of his Excelleacy 
the Lord General Moncke, delivered at White- 
hall, Feb. 21, 1659, to the Members of Parlia- 
ment at their Meeting, before the Re-admission 
of the forme ly secluded Members^." 

" Letter to Ger\'ase Pigot\" 

** Letters written by General Moncke relat- 
ing to the Restoration ^" Lond. 1714, 1715. 



[George Moncke, esq. of Potheridge in Devonshire, 
says Dugdale 9, having sedulously exercised a military 
course of life, both by sea and land, in foreign parts, for 
the chief time of his youth ; afterwards, applying him- 
self to the service of Charles the first, at the beginning 
of the rebellion, he was taken prisoner : at length, ob- 
taining his libel ty, he took up arms with the adverse 
party ; in expectation of a fitter season to manifest his 
great affection to his king and country ; of which 
when he discerned some view, he ceased not to im- 
prove all opportunities; and accordingly, became the 
chief and happy instrument of restoring the king to 
bis just rights, and the realm to its long-desired peace 
and tranquillity* In testimony of his transcendent 
merits, he was created baron Moncke, earl of Tor* 

* Somers's Tracts, third Coll. vol. ii. p. 155. 
' Peck's Detid. Cur. vol. i. lib. 6. p. i6. 
' Harl. Catal. vol. iv. p. 585. 
' Baronage, torn, iii« p. 477. 



DtTKE OP ALBEMARLE. 1J5 

Kngtoni and duke of Albemarle; and shortly after 
was installed a knight of the garter by Charles the 
second. He died on the 4th of January 1669^ and 
was buried in Henry the seventh's chapel, Westmin- 
ster; where his helmet is still made use of by the 
showmen of the tombs as a trap for the coin of the 
rustic visitors. 

Lord Clarendon, who has given a particular account 
of this nobleman^ under the title of general Monke, 
says he was not a man of eloquence or volubility*; 
but his lordship has at the same time cited some of 
the general's speeches, which are not devoid of strong 
sense and forcible expression. 

** A Letter from Generall Monck, Nov. the 12th, 
directed and delivered to the Lord Maior, Court of Al- 
dermen and Common Council of the City of Lon- 
don : inviting them and all true English-men, to give 
him Assistance in his cordial Undei takings for the 
Redemption of the Liberties of the People of Eng- 
land/' 

was printed in 1659. Two editions occur in the 
British Museum. 

" An Answer of General Monck's" 
to two letters from the lord-keeper, &c. was printed in 
the same year ; and also 

** General Monck's last Letter from Edinburgh to 
Us Excellency the Lord Fleetwood." Lond. 1659, 4to. 

Lord Orford has introduced two short sentences 
fiom his Grace's *' Observations," to show the man- 

• Hist, of the Rebellion, vol.iii. p*7xx. 

I 2 



1]6 DUKE OF ALBEMARLE. 

tier of this noble writer ; but the following extract 
aflbrd a fairer specimen: it forms the concluding 
chapter of his work. 

** CHAP. XXX. 

'^ That reading and discourse are requisite to make 
% Souldier perfect in the art military, how great soever 
his knowledge may be, which long experience and 
much practice of arms hath gained." 

*^ Men have two ways to come by wisdom, either 
by their own harms or other mens mis-casualties; and 
wise men are wont to say (not by chance nor without 
reason) that he who will see what shall be, let him 
consider what hath been. For all things in the world 
at all times have their very counterpane ^ with the 
times of old. 

'^ But here I would have a prudent souldier note, 
that it is a matter very dangerous to follow wholly the 
examples of another, if a man in general or in parti- 
cular have not the same reason, the same wit, and 
the same fortune. For albeit, humane actions seem 
tu be so joyned and coupled together, that that which 
now is present and hath been, ought to be agaui; yet 
notwithstanding the accidents which are so difiereot 
and diverse, that no man whosoever he be^ except veiy 
prudent, can always govern himself in matters preient 
by the example of that which is past. 

'^ I take the office of a chief commander to be a 
subject capable of the greatest wisdom that may be 

'i.e. Counterpart, or copy; a law term. See Mintheaand 
Bailey. 



DUKE OF ALBEMABLB. 117 

apprehended by natural means^ being to manage a 
multitude of disagreeing minds, as a fit instrument to 
execute a design of much consequence and great ex- 
pectation, and to qualify both their apprehensions and 
affections ac(^ording to the accidents which rise in the 
course of his directions: besides the true judgment 
which he ought to have of such circumstances as are 
most important to a fortunate end ; wherein our pro- 
vidence cannot have enough either from learning or 
experience^ to prevent disadvantages or to take hold of 
opportunities. And therefore the souldier that is only 
trained up in the school of practice, and taught his ru- 
diments under a few years experience, which servelh 
to interpret no other author but itself, nor can prove 
his maxims but by his own authority ; my opinion is, 
his meer practical knowledge cannot make him a per- 
fect souldier, nor fit to be a general. 

*^ Experience joyned with reading and discourse, 
do feast the mind with much variety and choice of 
matter, or entertain it with novelties incident to expe- 
ditions and use of arms. And therefore it is not only 
experience and practice which maketh a souldier wor- 
thy of his name, but the knowledge of the manifold 
accidents which rise from the variety of humane 
actions^ is best and most speedily learned by reading 
history. For upon the variety of chances that you 
shall meet withal in history, you meditate on the 
eflfects of other mens adventures : that their harms 
may be your warnings, and their happy proceedings 
your fortunate directions in the art military. Those 
examples which are taken from history, are but a plain 

I 3 



J 18 DUKE OP ALBEMARLE. 

kind of principles, on which the mind worketb to her 
best advantage, and useth reason with dexterity ; that 
of inequalities she concludeth an equality, and of dis- 
similitudes most sweet resemblances: and so she 
worketh her own perfection by discourse, and in time 
groweth so absolute in knowledge, that her sufficiency 
needeth no further directions." 

Tate has given high praise to Monck, under the de- 
scription of Abdael, in his continuation of Dryden's 
Absalom and Achitophel : and Watkyns, in bis Flam- 
ma sine Fumo, a scarce little volume, dated 1662, has 
a panegyric ^^ upon the right honorable lord general 
George Monk, duke of Albemarle: qui lumen pieta- 
tis, flumen liberalilatis, et fulmen belli." It opens 
thus : 

" Here is our glorious Atlas^ who doth bear 
Our heaven up, and keep our hearts from fear« 
His merit is beyond reward, whose mind 
To high attempts by nature is confin*d : 
Some merchants have by their adventures bold, 
Euricht this laud with precious pearl and gold^ 
Yet none but royal Monk, could ever bring 
So rich a treasure as our gracious king. 
Herculean labours were but twelve 5 here 's one 
That hath an hundred labours undergone : 
He nere was rash, nor did the hasty hand 
But a wise heart his active sword command : 
Judgment and yaloor live in him,'* &c.] 



ng 



JOHN, 
LORD LUCAS. 

As it was burnt by the hands of the hangman "", 
his lordship himself probably published his 

" Speech in the House of Peers, February 
4*2, J 071, upon the Reading the Subsidy-Bill 
the second Time in the Presence of his Ma- 
jesty3." 

In the State Poems I find one ^, alluding to 
this speech, called " Lord Lucas's Ghost." 



[Of the family of Lucas, says Dugdale * (which 
hath with no little honour flourished for many ages, in 
the counties of Suffolk and Essex), was sir John Lu- 
cas, knight, a person eminently accomplished with 
learning, and well versed in sundry languages : whose 
perfect loyalty to the king, at the beginning of the 
unhappy troubles in 1642, exposed him to the merci- 
less plunder of those who were then in arms against 
his majesty. By which, though he became much dis- 

* Marvel says he owned part was his, part not, vol. ii. p. 59. 
' Sute Tracts, vol. i. p. 454* 

* Vol. i. p. 173* 

^ Baronage, torn. ill. p. 473- 

I4 



120 LORD LUCAS. 

abled in yielding to him such aids and assistances^ ^ 
he had designed: yet was he not discouraged (ro^ 
performing to the utmost, what he could in his oiw: 
person, or by his b^st friends and nearest allies 
stoutly adventuring his life in the several fights at Lest 
wit hie! in Cornwall, Newbury in Berkshire, &c. Ij 
consideration whereof, he was advanced to the degre 
of a baron of England by the title of lord Lucas c 
Shcnfield in Essex, 20 Car. I. He lived till 1670. 

The earl of Clarendon describes the sanguinary deatl 
of sir Charles Lucas, the younger brother of Ion 
Lucas, at Colchester ; but mentions nothing more g 
his lordship than his name. In the British Museum i 

** My Lord Lucas his Speech^ in the House o 
Peers, Feb. the 22d, 167^; upon the reading of th 
Subsidy Bill, the second Time in the Presence of hi 
Majesty." Lond. 1670, 4I0. 

This spirited and energetic speech thus opens : 

*' When by the providence of Almighty God thi 
nation recalled his majesty to the exercise of the regu 
power; it was the hope of all good men, that wi 
should not only be restored to his majestie's royal pre 
sence, and divine laws, but we should be free fron 
those heavy burthens, under which we had lain so loDi 
opprest. We did believe that from thenceforth even 
man should sit under his own vine, enjoying the fruit 

' This Speech was burned by the hand of the hangman 
says an address to the reader, to the great grief and astootsli 
ment of all true Englishmen, to whom my lord Lucas's loy 
alty to his prince, and inviolable love to his coimtiy, wau 
abimdantly manifested. 



LORD LUCAS. 121 

oF peace and plenty: and Astrea herself (long since 
for the sins of men fled up to heaven) should have 
been invited by his majestie's most gracious and happy 
^^gi^f to return hither, and dwell with us, and con- 
verse here among us mortals again. 

** But, alas ! we are fallen very short of our expect- 
ations, and our burthens are so far from being mad« 
Mgbter to us, that they are heavier than ever they were ; 
and as our burthens are increased, so our strength also 
«» diminished, and we are less able to support them. 

** In the times of the late usurping powers, although 
P^at taxes were exacted from us, we had then means 
^ pay them, we could sell our lands, our corn, and 
^^ttle, and there was plenty of money throughout 
^he nation. Now, there is nothing of this; * Brick 
^a required of us, and no straw allowed us to make it 
^*ilh ;' for that our lands are thrown up, and com 
^'^d cattle are of little value, is notorious to all the 
^orld. 

*' And it is evident that there is scarcity of money ; 

^^ all the parliament money called breeches ' (a fit 

^^^mp for the coyn of the rump), is wholly vanished. 

"*^be king's proclamation and the Dutch have swept it 

^■1 away ; and of his majesty's coyn, there appears 

^Ut very little: so that in effect we have not left for 

^f)inmon use, but a little old lean-coyned money, of 

^lie late three former princes ; and what supply is 

' Snelling says, the conjoined shields of England and Ireland, 
Upon the coins of the commonwealth, gave occasion to the 
luune of bmcbei money. 



124 



ANNE HYDE, 
DUCHESS OF YORK, 

[Daughter to Edward, ear! of Clarendon, and maid 
of honour to the princess royal. The duke of York 
tried to gain her to comply with his illicit desires^ 
but she managed her paramour with so much address, 
that in conclusion he married h«;r ; though the mar- 
riage was for some time kept secret. On proving 
pregnant in i66o> her father called upon the duke to 
own her as his wife: the duke, however, thought to have 
shaken her from this claim by great promises and great 
threats; but she was a woman of high spirit, and told 
him ** she was his wife, and would have it known that 
shof A-as so, let him use her afterwards as he pleased." 
Charles the second ordered the bishops and judges to 
examine the proofs she had to produce; and they re- 
ported, that, according to the doctrine of the gospel and 
the law of England, it was a good marriage. 

B'ishop Burnet, from his personal knowledge, has 
described the duchess of York as " a very extraor- 
dinary woman; who had great knowledge, and a lively 
sense of things. She soon understood what belonged 
to a princess; and took state on her rather too much. 
She writ well; and had begun the duke's life, of 
which she shewed me a volume^. It was all drawn 

Lord Orford conceived that this might have been the work 
mentioned in the article of James the second. See voUL 
p. 158. 









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i lYDK, DrCIIKSS «f YOKK. 



DUCHESS OF YOAK. 125 

from his Journal : and he intended to have employed 
me in carrying it on. She was bred to great strictness 
in religion^ and practised secret confession. She was 
generous and friendly ; but was too severe an enemy 3." 
The same reputable writer has given a particular ac- 
count of her grace's death, and of the circumstances 
attending it ; and concludes by saying, that she died 
very little beloved or lamented ; the change of her 
religion having made her friends reckon her death 
rather a blessing than a loss at that time to them all. 
Her father was more troubled at her rdigious defection 
than at all his own misfortunes ; and wrote her a very 
long and grave letter upon it, enclosed in one to the 
duke of York: but she was dead before it came to 
England \ 

Waller addressed a poem to the princess of Orange^ 
on this lady's having ** written her portrait," while 
•he was her maid of honour, which concludes with 
these high-flown lines: 

'* While some your beauty^ some your bounty sing. 
Your native isle does with your praises ring : 
But above all. a nymph » of your own train. 
Gives us your character in such a strain. 
As none but she« who in that court did dwell 
G>Qld know such worth ; or worth describe so well : 
So, while we mortals here at heav'n do guess. 
And more our weakness, than the place express ^ 
Some angel, a domestic there, comes down 
And tells the wonders he hath seen and known.'*] 

* Ifist. of the Reign of Charles the Second, vol. i. p. 938. 

* Burnet's Hist. ib. p. 433. 

* Lady Anne Hyde. Sec Fenton's Waller, p. 141. 



126 



CHARLES STANLEY, 
EARL OF DERBY, 

A PEER of whom extremelv little is known. 
His father lost his head, and he his liberty, for 
Charles the second. The grateful king rewarded 
the son with the lord-lieutenancies of two coun« 
ties*. He has written a piece of controversy, 
the title of which is, 

^* The Protestant Religion is a sure Founda- 
tion of a true Christian, and a good Subject^ a 
great Friend to human Society, and a grand 
Promoter of all Virtues, both Christian and 
moral. By Charles Earl of Derby, Lord of 
Man and the Isles/' Lond. 1671, the second 
edition ; a very thin quarto^. 

This piece contains a dedication " To all su- 
preme powers, by what titles soever dignified or 
distinguished; i. e. to emperors, kings, sove- 
reign princes, republics, &c." an epistle to the 
reader ; another longer on the second edition ; 
and the work itself, which is a dialogue between 
Orthodox, a royalist, and Cacodaemon, one po- 

* [Lancashire and Cheshire.^ 

' [The first edition is said to have been printed in x669f witll- 
out the author's name in the title-page.] 



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CHARLES, EABL OF DERBY. 127 

ihly affected. His lordship is warm against 
e church of Rome, their casuists and the Je- 
its; and seems well read in the fathers and in 
>lemic divinity, from both which his style has 
opted much acrimony. He died in 1 672. 
is father, as has been said, was the brave 
mes, earl of Derby '^; his mother, the heroine 
ho defended Latham-house, grand-daughter 
the great prince of Orange: a compound of 
•otestant heroism that evaporated in contro- 
ls v. 



[Charles, eighth earl of Derby, was successor not 
ily to the title, but to theloyahy of his father ^. In 
>59> ^" sir George Booth's rising in Cheshire, he 
It himself at the head of divers gentlemen in Lanca- 
lire, but was defeated, taken prisoner^, and confined, 
II the following year gave freedom to the long-depress- 
I royalists. On the restoration of their king, the 
•rds attempted to do justice to those who had been 
jprived of their fortunes by the usurping powers. They 
trmed a private bill for the purpose of restoring this 
lyal peer to those estates which he had lost : this was 
trongly opposed, and at length laid aside, without ever 

* [Sec page 37 and 419 sup.] 

* Collins's Peerage, vol. ii. p. 40. 

* 'Whitclocke says he was taken in the habit of a serring- 
lan. Memorials, p. 1^4. 



128 CHARLES^ £ABL OF DBBBV. 

coming to a second reading. The king was innocent 
of its rejection^ for it never came before him for his 
assent; yet an ill-judged resentment of the son of 
this nobleman, induced him to place the following in- 
scription on one of the doors of Knowsley : 

*' James earl of Derby, lord of Man and the Isles, 
and grandson of James earl of Derby, and of Charlotte 
daughter of Claude duke de la Tremouille, whose 
husband James was beheaded at Bolton, 15th Oct. 
1652, for strenuously adhering to Charles the second; 
who refused a bill passed unanimously by both houses 
of parliament, for restoring to the family the estate 
lost by their loyalty." 

Wc may allow the family, observes Mr. Pennant 7, 
to be a little out of humour with its misfortunes ; for 
William earl of Derby used to say, that he never 
passed by any estate of his in Yorkshire, Westmor- 
land, Cumberland, Warwickshire, Lancashire, Che- 
shire, or Wales, but he saw a greater near it, lost by 
the fidelity of his ancestor to the royal cause. 

His lordship's controversial pamphlet has not been 
met with by the editor ; and if it had, would not in 
all probability have afforded a desirable extract.] 

' Tour to Alston Moor, p. 40. 




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129 



EDWARD MONTAGU, 
EARL OF SANDWICH, 

A WELL-KNOWN character in our history, and 
one of the most beautiful in any history. He 
shone from the age of nineteen, and united the 
qualifications of general, admiral, and states- 
man. All parties, at a time when there was 
nothing but parties, have agreed that his virtues 
were equal to his valour and abilities. His few 
blemishes are not mentioned here, but as a proof 
that this eulogium is not a phantom of the ima- 
gination. His advising the Dutch war was a 
fatal error to himself, and might have been so 
to his country and to the liberty of Europe. 
His persuading Cromwell to take the crown was 
an unaccountable infatuation, especially as his 
lordship was so zealous afterwards for the Resto- 
ration. It seems he had a fond and inexpli* 
cable passion for royalty, though he had early 
acted against Charles the first. The earl ad- 
mired Cromwell ; yet could he imagine that in 
any light a diadem would raise the Protector's 
character ? Or how could a man who thought 
Cromwell deserved a crown, think that Charles 
the second deserved one ? If his lordship sup- 

VOL. III. K 



]30 EDWARD, EARL OP SANDWICH. 

posed English minds so framed to monarchjr 
that they must recoil to it, was Cromwell a 
man to be tender of a constitution which Charles 
the first had handled too roughly * ? The eari's 
zeal for restoring Charles the second ^ could not 
flow from any principle of hereditary right ; for 
he had contributed to dethrone the father, and 
had offered the son's crown to the usurper. 
Lord Sandwich was sacrificed by another man 
having as weak a partiality for royal blood ; hi& 

* It is often urged with great emphasis, that when a natioa 
has been accustomed for ages to some particular form of go-^ 
vemment, it will (though that fonn of government may be 
changed for a time) always revert to it. No ailment aeemt 
me to have less solidity ; for unless the climate, the air, and 
the soil of the country, can imbibe habits of government, 
infuse them, no country can in reality have been accustomed 
ai\y sort of government, but duiing the lives of its actual i 
bitants. Were men, bom late in the reign of Charles the 
bred to entertain irradicable prejudices in favour of royalty 
It is supposed that no country is so nahtrallj prapcMC 
Rtertjy as England^— It is naturalfy propense to wtoiuaxty too 
—Is monarchy the nahtra! vehicle of liberty? 

* [Flecknoe has an epigram which thus applanda the dnke 
Albemarle and earl of Sandwich for bringing in the king: 

** That present and all future times may know 
How much to Monk and Montague they owe^ 
By them that great and mighty work was done^ 
O' th' king's most happie restauration: 
A happiness so general, we may call 
It well— the restauration of us all!" 

Euterpe remcdf liiS'i 




BDWARD^ EARL OF SANDWICH. 131 

vice*^miral, sir Joseph Jordan, thought the 
duke of York's life better worth preserving, and 
abandoned the earl to the Dutch fire-ships ^ ! 

It is remarkable, that admiral Montague was 
the last commoner who was honoured with the 
garter, except one man, to whose virtues and 
merit may some impartial pen do as much jus- 
tice, as I have satisfaction in rendering to this 
great person ! 

We have of his lordship's writings, 
" A Letter to Secretary Thurloe^" 
*^ Several Letters during his Embassy to 
Spain f * 

published with Arlington's letters. A great cha- 
racter of these dispatches is given in the Lives 
of the Admirals ^ 

*^ Original Letters and Negotiations of Sir 
Sichard Fanshaw, the Earl of Sandwich, the 
Earl of Sunderland, and Sir William Godol- 

^ [This lamentable event h thus noticed in Flecknoe's se- 
^oad book of Epigrams: 

** Never was greater sacrifice than this. 

Where sea 's the temple, fireship altar is. 

And Sandwich victime offer'd up, to save 

His country's honour by a death more brave 

Than ever heroe died, though we should sum 

All Greece ere boasted of, or ancient Rome*" P. 41. j 

^ Vide Thurloe's State Papers, vol. i. p. 726. 

* VoU iL p« 4P2* 

k2 



132 EDWARD^ EARL OF SANDWICH. 

phin, wherein divers Matters between the three 
Crowns of England, Spain, and Portugal, firom 
the Year l663 to 1678, are set in a clear Light.** 
2 vols. 8vo. And a singular translation, called 

*' The Art of Metals, in which is declared 
the Manner of their Generation, and the Conco- 
mitants of them, in two Books; written in Spa- 
nish by Albaro Alonzo Barba, M. A. Curate of 
St. Bernard's Parish in the imperial City of Po- 
tosi, in the Kingdom of Peru, in the West In- 
dies, in the Year J 640. Translated in the year 
1669, by the Right Hon. Edward Earl of Sand- 
wich." Lond. 1674, small Bvo. 

A short preface of the editor says, *^ The 
original was regarded in Spain and the West 
Indies as an inestimable jewel, but that falling 
into the earl's hands, he enriched our language 
with it, being content that all our lord the king's 
people should be philosophers '." 



[Lord Clarendon reports^, that admiral Montague 
was of a noble family, of wtych some were too much 

^ [Several volumes in manuscript^ written by the eaii <tf 
Sandwich, containing his diary, relations of his voya^s, rmbat- 
sics, joumies, negotiations, correspondences, obsertatioiit^ 
&c. are said to be preserved in the Montague family.^ 

' Hist, of the Rebellion, vol. iii. p. 729. ' 



EBWABD^ EARL OP SANDWICH, 133 

addicted to innovations in religion^ and in the begin- 
ning of the troubles appeared against the king; 
ihough his father, who had been long a servant to the 
crown, never could be prevailed upon to swerve from 
bis allegiance, and took all the care he could to restrain 
this his only son within those limits : but being young 
and more out of his father's controll by being mar- 
ried into a family which at that time also trod awry, 
be was so far wrought upon by the caresses of Crom- 
well, that out of pure afTcction to him he was per- 
suaded to take command in the army when it was new- 
modelled under Fairfax. He served in that army with 
the rank of a colonel to the end of the war, having the 
reputation of a very stout and sober young man. From 
that time, Cromwell, to whom he passionately ad- 
liered, took him into his nearest confidence; and 
though men looked upon him as devoted to Cromwell's 
interest, in all other respects he behaved himself with 
civility to all men, and without the least shoy of acri- 
mony towards any who had served the king; and was 
so much attached to monarchy, that he was one of 
those who most desired and advised Cromwell to accept 
and assume that title, when it was offered to him by 
his parliament. He was designed to command the 
fleet which was to hinder the Dutch from assisting the 
Dane against the Swede ; and was upon that expedi- 
tion when Richard Cromwell was thrown out of the 
protectorship. On his return home he went quietly 
into the country, and remained neglected and forgot- 
ten till those revolutions were over which were pro- 
duced by Lambert's invasion upon the parliament, and 

K 3 



134 EDWAKD^ EABL OP SANDWICH. 

Monck's march into England ; and then the secluded 
members being restored, called him to resume the 
command of the fleet. Lord Orford has supplied the 
remainder of his history. 

The following account of his studies is takepi froaia 
catalogue of astronomers appended to Sherburne's 
Manilius, 1675. The late earl of Sandwich, even 
in the midst of his weighty state negotiations^ wu 
pleased sometime to employ himself in making consi- 
derable observations, both astronomical and phy^olo- 
gical, and to communicate the same to the Royal So- 
ciety : as his 

" Observations of an Eclipse of the Sun, June ai, 
1666, at Madrid ; the Sun's Height in the Solstice; 
also the Latitude of Madrid; esteeming by the Sun's 
Altitude in the Solstice, and by other meridian Al- 
titudes, the Latitude of Madrid to be 40° 10', which 
difiers considerably from that assigned by others." 
He likewise made some 

'^ Observations of the Immersions of the Satellites 
of Jupiter i" 

and on Dec. 25, O. S. 1666, observed at Madrid 
a great halo about the moon; the semidiameter 
whereof was about 23® 30' : Aldebaran being just 
in the north-east part of the circle, and the two horas 
of Aries just enclosed by the south-west of the circle^ 
the moon being in the centre: and about 6ve or six 
years before, viz. Nov. 21, O. S. 1661, an hour after 
sun-set, he observed a great halo about the moon of 
the same semidiameter^ at Tangier^ the moon being 



EDWARD, EARL OF SANDWICH. 135 

very near the same place. Sec Philos. Transact. 
Mo. 21, p. 390. 

A very high character of lord Sandwich, written in 
French, and dated a Bourg-^Charente, le xme Octob. 
1684, may be seen in Harl. MS. 1625; and in No. 
7010, are some of his lordship's letters, written while 
at sea, during the years 1665 and 1666 ; but none of 
them seem to call for a transcript. His treatise on 
metals has not been met with.] 



K4 



136 



MARGARET, 
DUCHESS OF NEWCASTLE. 

Having taken notice of her grace in the 
course of this work % I shall here only give a 
list of her works, which fill many folios, 

" The World's Olio." Lond. l655, folio. 

" Nature's Picture drawn by Fanciers Pencil, 
to the Life -r 

" In this volume (says the title) are several 
feigned stories of natural descriptions, as comi- 
cal, tragical, and tragi-comical, poetical, romanci- 
cal, philosophical, and historical, both in prose and 
verse, some all verse, some all prose, some mixt, 
partly prose and partly verse. Also, there are 
some morals and some dialogues, but they are as 
the advantage loaf of bread to the baker's dozen, 
and a true story at the latter end, wherein there 

• [Vide art. of the duke of Newcastle.] 

• [To this book, says Dr. Lort, was prefixed a corions 
print of the duke and duchess sitting at a table with their chil- 
dren, to whom the duchess is telling stories; and at the end it 
a very curious account of her birth, education, and Iife» writ* 
ten by her grace: where she has said very high things of the 
exquisite beauty of her person, and rare endowments of her 
mind. See Ballard. Three fine copies of this scarce book 
were preserved in the Bridgewater library*] 






b. 



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BUCHESS OF NEWCASTLE. 137 

is no feigning." Lond. 1 656, folio. One may 
giiess how like this portrait of nature is^ by the 
fantastic bill of the features. 

*^ Orations of divers Sorts, accommodated to 
divers Places." Lond. 1662, folio. 

^^Playes." Lond. 1662, folio. 

^* Philosophical and physical Opinions." Lond. 
1663*, folio. 

^* Observations upon experimental Philoso- 
phy ; to which is added the Description of a 
new World." Lond. [j666] 16G8, folio. 

One Mr. James Bristow began to tranvslate 
some part of these philosophical discourses into 
Latin. 

^* Philosophical Letters; or modest Reflec- 
tions upon some Opinions in Natural Philoso- 
phy, maintained by several famous and learned 
Authors of this Age, expressed by way of Let- 
ters." Lond. 1664, fol. 

* [And 1655. To Uiis volume was prefixed by the duke, a 
copy of verses and an episUe to justify the noble authoress. 
These were followed up by her grace, with an address to the 
reader, another to the two universities, an epilogue to her phi- 
losophical opinions, an epistle to her honourable readers, ano- 
ther to the reader for her book of philosophy, two short epis- 
tles, a condemning treatise of atomes, the opinion or religion 
of the old philosophers, and the text to her natural sermon. 
These show her grace's solicitude to have the book considered 
as the produce of her own brain : being ** the beloved of all her 
woiks, and preferiog it as her master-piece." j 



138 DUCHESS OF NEWCASTLE. 

" Poems and Phancies.*' Lond. ^ ] 664, foL 

'' CCXI Sociable Letters." Lond. j664,fol. 

" The Life of the Duke her Husband," 
&c. ^. Lond. 1667, fol. It was translated into 
Latin ^ 

" Plays, never before printed." Lond. f668, 
folio ^ 

Her plays alone are nineteen in number, and 
some of them in two parts. One of them, 

« The Blazing World," 
is unfinished ; her grace (which seems never 

^ [First printed in 1653, fol. as were ^^ Philosophical Fanciet, 
hj Lady Newcastle." pr. & ver. Lond. lamo.^ 

* [On this occasion Flecknoe addressed a quibbliDg enco- 
mium to his grace, in which he asserted, that 
•* Ne'er was life more worthy to be writ^ 
Nor pen more worthy of the writing it. 
She makes you famous, and you her agen» 
By th' famous subject you afford her pen: 
Whence 't is a question ever will remain, 
Wh'er fame makes writers, or else writers, ftme. 
So, whilst you live i' the life that she does give. 
And she in writing of your life wfll live; 
Betwixt you both, your fdmt will never die» 
But one give t' other immortality.'* 

Euterpe revived, 1675, p. 13. 
Mr. Granger thinks the Life of the Duke her grace's mogt 
estimable production : but perhaps her own may be deemed 
most interesting. A copy of the latter was annexed by dr 
Wm. Musgrave to his copy of the fotmer; and is now in the 
Museum.^] 
' [And printed in 1668, folio.3 
• p< Grounds of Natural Philosophy/' Load. x664-9, fbl 3 



DUCHESS OP NEWCASTLE. J 30 

dse to have happened to her) finding her ge- 
nius not tend to the prosecution of it. To an- 
other, called 

** The Presence, 
are nine and twenty supernumerary scenes'. In 
another, 

" The Unnatural Tragedy," 
is a whole scene written against Camden's Bri- 
tannia: her grace thought, I suppose, that a 
geographic satire in the middle of a play, was 
mixing the utile with the dulce. Three volumes 
more in folio, of her poems, are preserved in 
manuscript*. Whoever has a mind to know 
more of this fertile pedant % will find a detail o£ 

* [Langbainc tells us, that both the lan^age and plots of 
ber plays were all her own; whence she ought injustice to be 
preferred to others of her sex, who have built their fsime on 
other people's foundations. Dram. Poets, p. 391.] 

/ [Gibber, or Shiels, reports these to have been possessed by 
Mr. Thomas Richardson and bishop Willis. Lives of the Poets, 
▼ol. ii. p. 167.]! 

' [Flecknoe, who seems to have been a licensed visitor, gives 
the following representation of her grace's closet or study: 
** Is this a ladies closet ? 't cannot be; 
For nothing here of vanity we see. 
Nothing of curiosity nor pride. 
At most of ladies' closets have beside: 
3carcel7 a glass or murror in 't you finde. 
Excepting books, the mirrors of the mindc, 
Nor is 't a library, but oncly as she 
Makes each place where she comes a library^ 



140 DUCHESS OP NEWCASTLE. 

her works in Ballarcrs Memoirs^ from whence I 
have taken this account. 



[Mr. Reed has given a biographical account of tbis 
lady, which he concludes with the following charac- 
ter : ^^ Her person, it is said, was very graceful; her 
temper naturally reserved and shy ; and she seldom 
said much in company, especially among strangers; 
was most indefatigable in her studies, contemplations^ 
and writings ; was truly pious, charitable, and ge- 
nerous; was an excellent oeconomist, very kind lo her 
scr\'ants, and a perfect pattern of conjugal love and 
duty^" 

Her grace's literary labours have drawn down less 
applause than her domestic virtues: nor can it be 
denied that she wrote too much to be expected to write 
well, had her taste or judgment been greatly superior 
to what we find them ^. That she displayed, poetical 

Here these clear Ugbts descend into her minde. 
Which by reflection in her books you iindc: 
And these high notions and ideas too. 
Which, but herself, no woman ever knew." 

See Epigrams, 1670 ; andEuterpe, 1675.] 
* Biog. Dram. vol. i. p. 64* 

^ Jacob observes, that she was the most vcJaininoas writer 
of all the female poets; that she had a great deal of wit, and a 
more than ordinary propensity to dramatic poetry. Foeticaf 
Register, vol. ii. We are greatly surprised, says Gnmger, that a 
lady of her quality should have written so much, and are little 
less surprised, that one who loved writing so well^ hu writ 



DUCHESS OF NEWCASTLE'. 141 

fancy, however, when it was not clouded by obscure 
conceits ^, or warped by a witless eflTort to engraft the 
massy trunk of philosophy on the slender wilding of 
poesy, will be seen by the following extract, taken from 
" The Pastime and Recreation of the Queen of 
Fairies, in Fairy-land, the Centre of the Earth : 

" Queen Mab and all her company 

Dance on a pleasant mole-hill bigh^ 

To small straw-pipes, wherein great pleasure 

They take, and keep just time and measure; 

All hand in hand, around, around. 

They dance upon this fairy-ground j 

And when she leaves her dancing ball. 

She doth for her attendants call. 

To wait upon her to a bower 

Where she doth sit under a flower. 

To shade her from the moonshine bright, 

Where gnats do sing for her delight » ; 

The whilst the bat doth fly about 

To keep in order all the rout. 

A dewy waving leaf's made fit 

For the queen*s bath where she doth sit. 

And her white limbs in beauty show. 

Like a new fallen flake of snow : 

Qo better: but what is most to be wondered at is^ that she 
who found so much time for writings could acquit herself in 
the several duties and relations of life, with so much propriety. 
Biog. Hist, vol.iv. p. 6i. 

* There must have been some affectation about her grace's 
person as well as writings ; for Granger describes a portrait of 
her at Welbeck, attired in a theatrical habit, which she usually 
wore. Ut sup. p. 6i. 

' So Herrick in his Heiperidcs, 1648. 



142 DtrCHESS OP NEWCASTLE* 

Her maids do put her garments on. 

Made of the pure light from the sun. 

Which do so many colours take. 

As various objects shadows make. 
'* Then to her dinner she goes strait. 

Where fairies all in order wait : 

A cover of a cob-web made. 

Is there upon a mush-room laid'; 

Her stool is of a thistle down. 

And for her cup an acorn's crown. 

Which of strong nectar full is fill'd. 
That from sweet flowers is distill'd. 

When din'd, she goes to take the air. 

In coach, which is a nut-shell fair; 
The lining's soft and rich within. 
Made of a glistering adder's skin. 
And there six crickets draw her fast. 
When she a journey takes in haste ; 
But if she will a hunting go. 
Then she the lizard makes the doe. 
Which is so swift and fleet in chase. 
As her slow coach cannot keep pace : 
Then on a grasshopper she *1 ride. 
And gallop in the forest wide : 
Her bow is of a willow branch. 
To shoot the lizzard on the haunch ; 

• 

* Herrick had previously placed his pigmy banquets 
** On a little mushroomc table." 

See his Feast of OberoB; 
which much resembles tome of the fairy imagery hoc cm* 
ployed. One of the queen's dainties is 

*^ The broke heart of a nightingale 

Overcome in musicke.*' Hesperidcty p* i|6» 



DUCHESS OP N£WCASTtB, 143 

Her arrow sharp^ much like a blade 
Of a rose-mary leaf is made^ 
And when the moon doth hide her head. 
Their day is gone^ she goes to bed. 
Meteors do serve, when they are bright. 
As torches do, to give her light. 
Glow-worms, for candles lighted up. 
Stand on her table, while she doth sup :—- 
But women, that inconstant kind. 
Can ne*re fix in one place their mind ; 
For she impatient of long stay. 
Drives to the upper earth away ••*' 

^ A folio volume was printed in 2676, containing Letters and 
Dcms in honour of the incomparable Princess Margaret^ 
uchess of Newcastle. These consist of such inflated eulo- 
es on her grace's parts, firom the rector magnificus of Leyden 
id academical caput of Cambridge, to the puffs of Tom 
ladwell, that it must have been enough to turn any brain pre- 
cnisly diseased with a cacoethes scribendi. The members of 
rinity college closed their hyperbole on the lady Margaret* 
ith this lapidary legend: 

" To Margaret the first ; 
Princess of philosophers: 
Who hath dispell'd errors; 
Appeased the di£Ference of opinions; 
And restored peace 
To learning's commonwealth." 
The following stanza on her death has so little of gravity \m 
ompariaon to its bombast, that it might be taken fbr a Peter- 
Hndiaric effusion: 

** Had she but liv'd when blind antiquity 

Cali'd what it pleas'd a deity! 

She would have quite engross'd the worship-trade, 

Jove and his kindred had been bankrupts made; 

They must have starv'd without relief, 

Pin'd to mortality, and dy'd with grief.'' 



144 DUCHESS OP NEWCASTLE. 

By way of contrast to the preceding specimen of ber 
grace's happier efforts, Ihe following '' Epistle to her 
Braine%'' may be cited as an aggregate of much me- 
trical obscurity, that teemed from the same fruitful 

source : 

*' I wonder, braine, thou art so dull, when there 
Was not a day, but wit past, through the yeare : 
For seven yeares *t is, since I have married bin ; 
Which time, my braine might be a magazine 
To store up wise discourse, naturally sent 
In fluent words, which free and easy went. 
If thou art not with wit inrich'd thereby. 
Then uselesse is the art of memory : 
But thou, p)or braine, hard frozen art with cold. 
Words, scales of wit, will neither print nor hold •." 

At the close of the same volume, her grace gifei 
the following candid epitome of female ratiocinatioD 
for becoming so voluminous a publisher : 

^< I begun a booke about three years since, which I 
intend to name * The World's Olio*,' and when I 
conic into Flaunders, where those papers are, I will (if 
God give me life and health) finish it, and send it 
forth in print, I imagine all those that have read my 
former books, will say, that I have writ enough, un* 

* Prefixed to her ** Philosophicall Fancies^" 1653, iimo* ' 
' One of her grace's adulators said, with more truth than hi 

intended, *' You do not always confine your sense to vene^ 
not your verses to rhythme, nor your rhythme to the quantitf 
and sounds of syllables. Your poetical fancies nithcr faiafe 
than instruct our capadties." Letters, kc. ut tup. p. 117. 

* Printed in folio, 1651. 



DUCHESS OF NEWCASTLE. 145 

less tbey were better; but say what you will^ itpleas" 
eih fne, and since my delights are harmlesse, / will 
satisfie my humour : 

" For had my braine as many fancies in *t 
To fill the world, T *d put them all in print -, 
No matter whether they be well or ill exprest. 
My will is done, and thtit please woman lest «.*'] 

* It is not always, says Dr. Lort*y that one would depend on 
authors for characters of their own works; but I think her 
grace's may be admitted : 

** You will find my works like infinite nature, that hath nei- 
ther beginning nor end, and as confused as the chaos wherein is 
neither method nor ordter, but all mixed together without sepa- 
ration^ like evening-light and darkness," &c. Letter cxxxi. 

We are farther informed by Wood ", that the James Bris- 
toW| mentioned by lord Orford in p. 137, was of CO. college, 
Oxon, a man of admirable parts, who had begun to translate 
into Latin some of the Philosophy of Margaret, duchess of 
Newcastle, upon the desire of those whom she had appointed 
to inquire 6ut a fit person for such a matter ; but he, finding 
gpqat diflSculties therein, through the confusedness of the sub- 
ject* gave dver, as being a matter not to be well performed by 
any. Her grace's philosophical speculations certainly consti- 
tute the most vulnerable part of her literary character. Dr. 
Birch records a resolution of the royal society, May 23, 
1667 % ** that the duchess of Newcastle, having intimated her 
desire to be present at one of the meetings of the society, be 
entertained with some experiments at the next meeting, and 
that lord Berkeley and Dr. Charlton be desired to give notice of 
;it to her gracey and to attend her to the meedng on the Thurs- 
.day following/' This ceremonial and the subjects allotted for 
the eotertamment were referred to a subsequent council. 

* MS. note in Mr. Goagh*8 copy. 
^ Atbense, vol. ii. col. 160. 

* Hist, of the R. Society, voL ii. 

TOL. III. L 



V' 



146 



JOHN POULETT, 
MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER, 

Grandson of the marquis mentioned above*; 
an imitator of the earl of Monmouth, whom I 
may call T/ve Translator; like the preceding 
lord, a prodigious sufferer for the royal cause, 
and not more bountifully rewarded. Indeed one 
does not know how to believe what our histo- 
ries record, that his house at Basing 3, which he 
defended for two years together, and which the 
parliamentarians burned in revenge, contained 
money, jewels, and furniture, to the value of 
two hundred thousand pounds. Of what was 
composed the bed valued at fourteen thousand 
pounds? In every window the marquis wrote 
with a diamond, Aimez Loyauti. His epitaph 
was the composition of Dry den. 

His lordship translated from -French into 
English, 

• [Sec vol. ii. p. $$*'\ 

' C^^ journal of the siege of Basing-housey is one of the 
most eventful pieces of liistoiy during tiie civil war. It wii 
printed at Oxford in 1645. Several cihcumstancet coQcem* 
ing the deliverance of Basing from open force» and kckI oo»* 
spiracy, are narrated by lord Clarendon, in his valuable ffii* 
tory, vol. ii. Svo.edit.J 



JOHK^ UARQUIS OF WINCHESTER. 14/ 

'' The Gallery of Heroick Women *." Lond. 
1652, folio. 

Howell wrote a sonnet in praise of this 
work ^. 

" Talon's Holy History." Lond. J 653, 4to. 
And other books, which, says Anthony 
Wood, I have not yet seen ^. 



(The translator's address before his Gallery of Heroic 
Women, is inscribed '^ to the ladies of this nation,^* 
and the following reasons are adduced for so general a 
form of dedication : 

'^ These gallant heroesses repaired first from all the 
regions of history to the court of France, to lay down 
their crowns at the queen regent's feet. This ceremo- 
nie and duty performed, they had a desire to passe the 
sea, and inform themselves of the condition and state 
of this island. And finding no queen here to whom 
they might render the same obedience, they resolved to 
address themselves to you, hoping to finde amongst 

* [" Written in French by Peter Lc Moync, of the society 
^ Jctm. ThmsUited into English by the Marquesse of Win- 

* Vide his Letteriy book iv. let. 49. [Howell's sonnet (as 
1<*|^ Orford, and not the author^ denominates it) consists of 
4>teen lines, which were written at the instigation of eaxl 
"i^ttiy brother-in-law to the marquis of Winchester, ^ on 
^ gsllant piece called The Gallery of Ladies."] 

* VoLiL j^s^S* 

l2 



148 JOHN, MARaUIS OF WINCHESTEB. 

such noble company, some ladies, who resemble them 
at least in part of tlieir vertues, if not in all. Their 
gallantry is so perfect, as you need not doubt but they 
will gladly sufler your noble hands to take some 
flowers out of their garlands; which, if well applycdf 
crowns may be formed of them, and one day placed 
upon your heads by some worthy person of ourcoun- 
trey, who taking notice of your vertuous carriages and 
improved actions in this land of trial, may hereafter 
erect a new gallery, in which your statues and names 
will remain a spectacle of honour and imitation to 
posterity." 

One of the books which neither Anthony Wood 
nor lord Orford bad seen, was entitled 

^^ Devout Entertainments of a Christian Soule* 
Composed in French, by J. H. Quarre, D. D. Trans* 
lated into English, by J. Marq. of Winchester." 
Printed at Paris, A. D. cio idc xlix. [1649.] 

A portion of *^ the translator's address to the pious 
and Christian reader," may, by pious and Christian 
readers, be perused with profitable application. 

^^ This little golden treatise came into my hands as 
a missive of charity, sent to entertain me in my sad 
imprisonment ; and upon a serious perusal)^ the fiod- 
ing it of 80 divine a spirit, and of so univenall a ooQ* 
cernment, was invitement enough to me to propose 
the naturallizing these meditations in our countreyj hy 
contributing so much as I am able to them, namdyi 
an English tongue ; in which though they lose aooae- 
thing of their native grace, yet I have reason to be* 
lieve, that the charity of the authour will be ooDtcatto 



JOHN, MARQUIS OP WINCHESTER. 149 

^ Somewhat diminished himselfe, to become more be- 

'^ficiall to his neighbours : nor need I doubt, but thait 

™c force of his heavenly spirit will break through, 

^^^n my grosse language, and be not onely heard, but 

"^^erenccd, amidst the noise of drums and trumpets, 

•^ frequent in these unhappy times ; wherein we have 

Jxiorc cause then ever to remember the great trumpet 

^f the angell. 

** The authour shewes you, ' that this love of God 

is the most essential! point of Christianity/ After 
^Q hath set you in the way of applying continually 
those duties which appertaine to the preservation of you 
^ti this happy state, he presents you with some consi- 
derations upon the whole passion of our blessed Sa- 
viour, as a powerful! motive to invite you to this pure 
*^ve, which he demands of you, and to render homage 
^ this excessive goodnesse, for so great and inesti- 
mable a benefit, which it hath purchased for you at so 
d^r a rate, as even the death of the onely son of God 1 
^'And truly, when we looke upon the sufferings 
"^hich Jesus Christ hath indured for us, ought we not 
*^ reproach our selves for bearing impatiently a fe\nr 
^^8ses and contradictions in this short pilgrimage ? 
^or^ if so sacred a person sustained such violent pains 
'^^ us^ can we conceive our selves exempt firom them ? 
^o, no ; let us rather be ashamed at our cowardice 
^d effeminate affections, in desiring to find no oppo* 
^'^Uon in our way, but to tread still upon roses; thornea 
^^^ming too harsh for our dainty feet, which (if they 
^ so tender) cannot looke like feet appertaining to a 
**^ad, stuck fall of thomes." 

£3 



J 50 JOHN, MABaUIS OF WINCHESTER. 

Dryden's monumental inscription for this noble 
loyalist, confers too much honour on his memory to 
be omitted. 

' '' OK THE MONUMENT OP THE MARftUIS OF 

WINCHESTER. 

'' He who in impious times undaunted stood. 
And *midst rebellion durst be just and good. 
Whose arms asserted, and whose sufferings more 
Confirm'd the cause for which he fought before, 
Rests here— rewarded by an heavenly Prince 
For what his earthly could not recompence : 
Pray, reader, that such times no more appear -, 
Or, if they happen, leara true honour here. 
Ask of this age's faith and loyalty. 
Which, to preserve them, Heav*n confined in thee. 
Few subjects could a king like thine deserve. 
And fewer, such a king so well could serve : 
Blest king, blest subject, whose exalted state 
By sufferings rose, and gave the law to fate. 
Such souls are rare, but mighty patterns giv'n 
To earth, and meant for ornaments to heav'n'!"] 

' British Poets, vol. vi. p. x65« 




jrasiiijfii 



El>«Alll> HV1>K. . Kaki. of Clarexdox . 



I 



r 



\ 



tH 



i'l 



I 



151 



EDWARD HYDE, 
EARL OF CLARENDON, 

For his comprehensive knowledge of mankind, 
styled The Chancellor of Human Nature *. His 
character, at this distance of time, may, ought 
to be impartially considered. His designing or 
blinded cotemporaries heaped the most unjust 
abuse upon him ; the subsequent age, when the 
partisans of prerogative were at least the loud- 
est, if not the most numerous, smit with a 
work that deified their martyr, have been un- 
bounded in their encomiums. We shall steer 
a middle course, and separate his great virtues, 
which have not been the foundation of his 
fame, from his faults as an historian, the real 
sources of it ^. 

Of all modem virtues, patriotism has stood 
the test the worst. The great Strafford, with 
the eloquence of Tully and the heroism of 
Epaminondas, had none of the steadiness of the 

' Vide Critical and Philosophical Inquiry into the Causes of 
Prodigies and Miracles, as related by Historians, quoted in Ocn. 
Diet. vol. vi. p. 341. [Published by Warburton, but without 
bis name, in 1727, iimo. Dr.Lort.] 

' [Sec a vindication of the noble historian from lord Or« 
ford's censures, in Remarks on this Catalogue, p. a j.] 



152 EDWARD^ EARL OP CLARENDON, 

latter. Hampden, less stained, cannot but b^ 
suspected of covering ambitious tlioughts witta^ 
the mantle of popular virtue. — In the parUtiom- 
of employments on a treaty with the king, hi^ 
contenting himself with asking the post of go- 
vernor to the prince, seems to me to have had 
at least as deep a tincture of self-interestedness 
as my lord Strafford had, who strode at once 
from demagogue to prime-minister. Sir Ed- 
ward Hyde, who opposed an arbitrary court, 
and embraced the party of an afflicted one, 
must be allowed to have acted conscientiously. 
A better proof was his behaviour on the Resto- 
ration, when the torrent of an infatuated na- 
tion entreated the king and his minister to be 
absolute. Had Clarendon sought nothing but 
power, his power had never ceased. A cor- 
rupted court and a blinded populace, were less the 
causes of the chancellor's fall, than an ungrate- 
ful king, who could not pardon his lordship's 
}iaving refused to accept for him the slavery of 
his country. In this light my lord Clarendon 
was more " The Chancellor of Human Na- 
ture," than from his knowledge of it. like 
justice itself he held the balance between the 
necessary power of the supreme magistrate and 
the interests of the people. This never-dying 
obligation his cotemporaries were taught to over-, 
look and to clamour against, till they remove^ 



EDWARD^ EARL OF CLARENDON. 153 

the only man, who, if he could, would have 
corrected his master's evil government. One 
reads with indignation, that bufFooneries too 
low and insipid for Bartholomew-fair, were 
practised in a court called polite, to make a silly 
man of wit laugh himself into disgracing the 
only honest minister he had. Buckingham, 
Shaftsbury, Lauderdale, Arlington, and such 
abominable men, were the exchange which the 
nation made for my lord Clarendon ! It should 
not be forgot that sir Edward Seymour carried 
up the charge against him, and that the earl of 
Bristol had before attempted his ruin, by accus- 
ing him of being at once an enemy and a friend 
to the Papists ^. His son-in-law * did not think 
him the latter, or he would have interposed more 
wannly in his behalf. 

These I have mentioned, and almost every 
virtue of a minister, make his character vene- 

* [Wood seems to have imbibed a virulent aversion to lord 
Clarendon, and registered him as << a corrupt judge" in the 
Athenae ; whence he suffered condemnation in the chancellor't 
^onrt of the University of Oxford, for libelling the lord«chan« 
cellor of England and chancellor of Oxford ; and was ba« 
nished the said university, until he should subscribe a public 
recantation, and give security not to offend in the like nature 
for the future. His said book was also decreed to be burned 
before the public theatre, and on July 3 1, 1693, was burned ac^ 
conlingly; and programmas of his expulsion were affixed in the 
vsual places. See London Gazette, Aug. 3, 16^3*} 

^ The duke of York. 




154 EDWABD^ EARL OF CLARENDON. 

rable. As an historian he seems more excep- 
tionable. His majesty and eloquence, his 
of painting characters, his knowledge of 
subject, rank him in the first class of write: 
yet he has both great and little faults. Of th< 
latter, his stories of ghosts and omens are no 
to be defended, by supposing he did not believi 
them himself : there can be no other reason fcM* 
inserting them ; nor is there any medium be* 
tween believing and laughing at them. Per- 
haps even his favourite character of lord Falk- 
land takes too considerable a share in the his- 
tor}\ One loves indeed the heart that believed, 
till he made his friend the hero of his epic. His 
capital fault is, his whole work being a laboured 
justification of king Charles. No man ever 
delivered so much truth with so little sincerity. 
If he relates faults, some palliating epithet al- 
ways slides in : and he has the art of breaking 
his darkest shades with gleams of light that take 
off all impression of horror. One may pro- 
nounce on my lord Clarendon, in his double 
capacity of statesman and historian, that he 
acted for liberty, but wrote for prerogative. 

There have been published of his lordship's 
writing. 

Many Letters to promote the Restoration*." 



tc 



^ Printed in vita Johannis Barwick. Vide Gciu Diet 
vol. vi. p. 336; and Biogr. Britan. vol. iv. p. 2^^%. 



BBWARD^ EARL OF CLARENDON. 155 



^^ Several Speeches in Parliament during his 
Chancellorship^ from the Restoration to 1 667 ;" 
at least ten of them^. 

*^ A full Answer to an infamous and traitorous 
Pamphlet, intituled A Declaration of the Com- 
mons of England in Parliament assembled, ex- 
pressing the Grounds and Reasons of passing 
their late Resolutions touching no farther Ad- 
dress or Application to be made to the King." 
Lond. 1648, 4to. 

" The Difference and Disparity between the 
Estates and Conditions of Georg^e, Duke of 
Buckingham, and Robert, Earl of Essex.*' 

Printed in the Reliquiae Wottonianae. Lond. 
1672, 8vo. ^ 

It is a kind of Answer to sir Henry Wotton's 
parallel of those two favourites; and though 

* [One of thcac was, " Mr. Hides Argument before the 
Lords in the Upper House of Parliament, Aprill 1641;" ano- 
ther, ** Mr. Edward Hydes Speech at a Conference betweene 
both Rouses, July 6, i64i*"] 

' [An edition in 1706 was thus entitled: ''The Character 
of Robert, Earl of Essex, Favourite to Queen Elizabeth, and 
George, Duke of Buckingham, Favourite to King James I. and 
King Charles I. with a Comparison. By the Right Hon. Ed- 
ward, late Earl of Clarendon." A short pre£u:e says, ** The 
reader will be here entertained with the pictures of two of the 
greatest subjects in Europe, in their time: and although one of 
than 18 inimitably drawn by the noble author in his History, 
yet this mignature will itill be acceptable, since 't 1,8 all thrown 
into another view."] 



\ 



156 EDWAKD^ EARL OF CLARENDON. 

written when Mr. Hyde was very young, is 
much preferable to the affected author it an- 
swers. 

*• Animadversions on a Book called Fanati* 
cism fanatically imputed to the Catholic Church, 
by Dr. Stillingfleet, and the Imputation refuted 
and retorted by J. C. ; by a Person of Honour." 
Lond. 1 674, 8vo. Twice printed that year. 

" A Letter to the Duke of York, and ano- 
ther to his Daughter the Duchess, on her em- 
bracing the Roman Catholic Religion.*' 

" A brief View and Survey of the dangerous 
and pernicious Errors to the Church and State, 
in Mr. Hobbes's Book, intituled Leviathan." 
Oxf. 1676, 4to. 

The dedication to the king is dated at Mou- 
lins, May 10, 1673. 

*^ A Collection of several Tracts of the Right 
Honourable Edward, Earl of Clarendon, &c. ; 
published from his Lordship's original Manu- 
scripts." Lond. 1727> fol. 

He made likewise alterations and additions to 
a book intituled 

^' A Collection of the Orders heretofore 
used in Chancery.*' Lond. 166], 8vo. 

His lordship was assisted in this work by sir 
Harbottle Grimstone, master of the rolls. 

^' History of the Rebellion and civil Wars in 
Ireland/ printed at London in 8vo. 1726. 



BDWARD, EARL OF CLARENDON. 157 



€€ 



History of the Rebellion and civil Wars in 
England/* &c. 

The first volume was printed at Oxford in 
folio^ 1702; the second in J 703; the third 
in 1704 ^. It has been several times reprinted 
since^ in six volumes octavo. A French trans- 
lation was printed at the Hague in 1704 and 
1709, 12mo. ®. 

His lordship lefl besides^ in manuscript^ a se-* 
cond part of his History ' ; a performance long 
detained from, though eagerly desired by, and 
at last bequeathed to the public by his lordship's 
amiable descendant and heir of his integrity, the 
late lord Hyde and Combury *. 

' [The folio copy in the Museum has the same date before 
eacfaTolume^ viz. 1704.3 

* In the defence of the authenticity of lord Clarendon's 
History^ published in Hooker's Weekly Miscellany, Laurence 
Hyde, earl of Rochester, is, from several circumstantial proofs^ 
asserted to be author of the preface to his father's History^ 
thou^ it is generally attributed to Atterbury, Aldridge, and 
Smalridge. [See a short article allotted to this earl of Ro- 
chester, postea.3 

* [This second part was printed in folio X76o» and in three 
^ols. 8vo. Cole.] 

* [it appears from Pinkerton's Walpoliana, vol. i. p. 67, 
t^hat lord Orford had intended to print ** A Relation of the 
•^ttke of Buckingham's Entertainment in France, 1671, with 
^Qme Notes, &c. by the £ar1 of Clarendon," in the MisceUa* 
>^«oat Antiquities edited at Strawberry •hill.J 



158 BDWARD^ EARL OP CLABEKDOK* 



[<' An Account of Lord Clarendon's Life from his 
Birth to the Restoration in 1660, and from thence to 
his Banishment in 1667; written by himself/' was 
printed in 1759. 

« His State Papers" 
were published in three volumes folio ; the first in 

1767, the second in 1773, ^^^ ^^® ^^^^ *°^ 1786. 

Sir Edward Hy.de^ knight^ descended from an an- 
cient family of that name in Cheshire, was in like 
sort, says Dugdale % advanced to sundry titles of ho- 
nour. Having been trained up to the study of the 
laws in the society of the Middle Temple, and mani- 
festing his fidelity to king Charles, he was first made 
chancellor of his exchequer, and one of his privy- 
council. After the expulsion of Charles the second, 
he attended him abroad, was sent ambassador into 
Spain, made his secretary of state, and lastly lord- 
chancellor. In all which employments he conducted 
himself with such prudence, judgment, and integrity, 
that soon after the restoration he was created baron 
Hyde of Hindon, Wilts, viscount Combury, and 
earl of Clarendon. He held the office of lord chan- 
cellor, till August 1667, when the great seal was taken 
from him ; and losing all interest at court, he retired 
into France, and died at Rouen, December 19, 1674* 
During a temporary retirement in Jersey he began to 

' Baronage, torn. iii. p. 479. 



EDWARD, SABL OF CLABENDON. 159 

eompose his History of the Rebellion, which had 
been particularly recommended to him, and in which 
he was assisted by the king, who supplied him with 
various materials for it. The ninth book opens by de- 
claring, that the work was first undertaken with the 
king's approbation and by his encouragement; and 
particularly that many important points were trans« 
mitted to the author by the king's immediate direction 
and order, even after he was in the hands and power of 
the enemy, out of his own memorials and journals. 

Lord Clarendon had all that knowledge of his sub- 
ject, says Granger, that strength of head as well as 
integrity of heart, which are essential to a good histo- 
rian. He has been in some instances accused of par- 
tiality, but this proceeded from an amiable, perhaps 
an invincible cause — the warmth of his loyalty and 
friendship. He particularly excels in characters, 
which if drawn with precision and elegance, are as 
difficult to the writers as they are agreeable to the 
readers of history. He is in this particular as unri- 
valled among the modems as Tacitus among the an- 
cients. He paints himself in drawing the portraits 
of others 5 and we every where see the clear and exact 
comprehension, the uncommon learning, the dignity 
and equity of the lord-chancellor in his character as a 
writer. It appears from the memoirs of his own life, 
that he had all the virtue of a Cato ; and it is no less 
evident that he had something of his roughness and 
severity. His style is rather careless than laboured: 
his periods are long, and frequently embarrassed and 
perplexed with parentheses* Henqe it is, that he is 



l60 BDWARD^ EARL OF CLABfiNDOlT^ 

one of the most diiEcult of all authors to be read with 
an audible voiced. 

The deep penetration and consummate skill of lord 
Clarendon, in deciphering men and delineating man- 
ners, has been so repeatedly displayed in the progresi 
of this publication, by various citations from hii 
History, that farther specimens from the same woik 
would fail to furnish such variety as is aimed at in 
these addenda. A very interesting letter^ of his 
lordship's to Charles the second, has therefore been 
extracted from Harl. MS. 7001, and to that are added 
two greater novelties, composed in earlier life^ a pane- 
gyric on a living poet, and a threnody on a dead one. 

** May it please your majesty, 
^' t am soe broken under the dayly insupportable 
instances of your majesty's terrible displeasure, that I 
know not what to doe, hardly what to wish. The 
crimes which are objected against me, how passion- 
ately soever pursued, and with circumstances very an- 
usuall, doe not in the least degree afiright me. God 
knowes I am as innocent in every particular as I 
ought to be ; and I hope your majesty knows enough 
of me to believe, that I had never a violent appetite 
for money. But, alasse, your majesty's declared anger 
and indignation deprives me of the comfort and sop- 

* Granger's Biog. Hist. vol. iv. p. 64. 

^ Thus indorsed by his son Henry : ** Copy of my Fatboi's 
Lettre to the King, about the beginning of 9ber, 1667. I^dh 
▼er'd by me to my Lord-Keeper, who presented it to the Kimp 
and told me, his Majesty burnt it as soone as he had read it**^ 



EimARD^ EARL OF CLARENDON*. ]6l 

port even of my owne innocence : and exposes me to 
the rage and fury of those who have some excuse for 
being my emiemyes^ whome I have sometimes di9-> 
pleated^ when (and not only then) your majesty be- 
lieved them not to be your friends. I hope they may} 
be changed ; I am sure I am not ; but have the same 
duty^ passion, and affection, for you, that I had when 
you thought it most unquestionable, and which was 
and is as great as ever man had for any mortal creature. 
I should dye in peace (and truly I doe heartily wish 
that Grod Almighty would free you further trouble by 
Caking me to himselfe) if I could know or guesse at 
the ground of ]^our displeasure, which I am sure must 
proceede firom your believing that I have sayd or done 
somewhat, I have neither sayd or done. If it be for 
any thing my lord Berkeley hath reported, which I 
know he bath sayd to many (though being charged 
with it by me, he did positively disclainie it) I am as 
innocent in that whole affayre, and gave noe more 
advice, or councell, or countenance, in it, than -the 
child that is now borne: which your majesty seemed 
once to believe, when I tooke notice to you of the 
report, and when you considered how totally I was a 
stranger to the persons mentioned ; to either of whom 
I never spake word, or received message from cither in 
my life; and this I protest to your majesty is true, as I 
have hope in Heaven ! and that I have never willfully 
oflended your majesty in my life, and do upon my 
knees, begg your pardone for any over bold or sawcy 
expressions I have ever used to you : which being a 
naturall disease in old servants who have received too 
VOL. III. M ^ 



l62 EDWABD^ BABL OP CLAEBHDOH* 

much countenance, I am sure hath aHwaies proceeded 
from the zeale and warmth of the most aincere afie^^ 
lion and duty. 

*' I hope your majesty believes that the sharp 
tisement I have received from the best natured 
most bountiful! master in the world, and whose kind- 
nesse alone made my condition these many years 
portable, hath enough mortifyed me as to this world 
and that I have not the presumption or the 
to imagyne or desire ever to be admitted to any employ* 
ment or trust againe: but I doe most humbly 
your majesty by the memory of your father, who 
commended me to you, with some testimony, and by" 
your owne gracious reflection upon some one service T 
may have performed in my life, that hath been accept- 
able to you, that you will, by your royall power and 
interposition, putt a stop to this severe prosecution 
against me ; and that my concemement may give no 
longer interruption to the great affaires of your kii^- 
dome, but that I may spend the small remainder of 
my life, which cannot hold long, in some parta beyond 
the seas> never to retume, where I will pray for your 
majesty, and never sufier the least diminution in the 

love and obedience of. 

May it please," &c.*« 



€€ 



* Another sapplicating letter from the cail of Ci a re ad o a tm 
Chaiies the second, written in his exile, seven ycarsaftcrt aaA 
dated Roiien, August 199 1674, was printed in the Sopple- 
ment to the Clarendon State P^qiers, toL iiL p. zliT. Bis loi4> 
thip pathetically implores the king's leave to ittani| and bcf 
his bread in England; pleading, for his inoooent chikfacs's asfce 
that he will give them their fittber again, and aot snffar tloi 
to be complete orphans before nature bath made them so» 



BbVrASD, BABL OP CLABBNDOITi 103 

Pt^xed to the Tragedy of Albovine> 1629. 

"TO HI! FBTINO MX. TlLLIiM D'ArSNAMT. 

" yfhf iboold the fond ambitioa of a friendf 
Witb inch industrioui accenti strive to lend 
A prologue to tl^ worth i Con ought of mine 
Inricb tfajr vdume? Hi' bast rear'd thjielf a ibrinc 
Will out-live pinunidi : niaible pillan shall, 
Er tlij gnat iDiue, leceive a funerall. 
Tb^ wit hath porchai'd nich a patroD's name 
7V> deck thy front, as must derive to fame 
Time tragick raptures, and indent with ejei 
To Epend hot tearei t' inrich the sacrifice. 

" Ed. Hydi." 

Prioted with the lat edit, of Donoe's Poems, l6}3. 

" OM TBI DIATH OF Dl. DOKMB. 

" I canool blame those men that knew thee well, 
Tet dare not belpe the wwld to ring Qtf knell 
In tonefull elegies } there's not language knowne 
Fit fi>r thj meutioa, but 't was first thy owne) 
Hie e^taptu tboa writ'st have so bereft 
Our tongue of wit, there is not phaniie left 
■iKMigli to weepe thee j what henceforth we sec 
Of art or nature, mntt result fiom thee. 
TWen tsaj perchance some busie gathering friend 
Steale firom thy owne workes, and that, varied, lend 
Whidi thou beilow'it on others, to thy hearse. 
And io tboa dialt live still in thine owne vene ; 
Hw tbat shall venture farther, may commit 
A pitied «miir, ihew his zeale not wit, 
M2 



l64 EDWABD^ EASL OP CUkRUTOOfi. 

Fate hath done fnankiDde wroog ; Vertoe naj aimt 
Reward of conscience, Derer can, of £une; 
Since her great trumpet's broke, could onely gire 
Faith to the world, command it to beleeve : 
Hee then must write, that would define thy parti. 
Here lyes ike lest diviniiie — all the arts, 

" Edw. Htdb '.'' 

At the death of Dr. Donne, Mr. Hjde could not 
be more than twenty-three ; dazzled, therefore, by the 
false taste of the poet he celebrated, his verses exhibit 
a servile imitation of that laboured wit, torturtd senti^ 
ment, and inharmonious chime, which constitutttl 
what Dr. Johnson happily termed ^' metaphysical 
poctry/T 

' In a casual conyersation with iLc obsenrant Blr. Yieedt 
before this sheet proceeded to press, he suggested a iligb^ 
doubt whether these pieces of poetry attached to chaiHfto 
Clarendon; it being possible that they might belong to E« 
Hydcy a contributor to Cambridge Verses in 16359 wbcfcai 
lord Clarendon was an Oxford man ? This is a £unfly tf^fA 
which some abler genealogist must be left to deddc opoo. 








' ' r,,.;, /„/.{/ A'/l/.-n/f . 



l65 



ANNE, 
. COUNTESS OF DORSET 

AND 

PEMBROKE. 

This high-born and high-spirited lady was 
heiress of the Cliffords, earls of Cumberland, 
and was first married to Richard, earl of Dorset, 
iVhose life and actions she celebrated. Her se- 
cond match was not so happy, being soon 
parted from her lord, that memorable simple- 
ton Philip, earl of Pembroke and Montgo- 
Ufiery % with whom Butler has so much diverted 
himself. Anne the countess was remarkably re- 
ligious, magnificent, and disposed to letters. 
She erected a pillar in the county of Westmor- 

" The first wife of this earl was Susan, daughter of the earl 
of Oxford. I find a book set forth in her name, called ** The 
Countess of Montgomery's Eusebia, expressing briefly the 
Soul's praying Robes, by Newton, 1620." Vide Harl. CataK 
voL i. p. xco. [This carl, says Osbom, left nothing to tes- 
tify his manhood but a beard, and children by that daughter of 
the last great carl of Oxford, whose lady was brought to his 
bed under the notion of his mistress, and from such a virtuous 
deceit she is said to proceed. In No» 4x2 of the Harl. Catal. a 
copy of Webb's Antiquities of Stonehenge is described with 
I^otctf by Philipi E^rl of Pembroke and Montgomery.] 

M 3 



J 66 JLJSnXE, COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE. 

land^ on the spot^ where she took the laii 
leave of her mother; a monument to her 
tutor Samuel Daniel^ the poetic historian; ano- 
ther to Spenser; founded two hospitals, and re- 
paired or built seven churches and six castles ^ 
She wrote 

** Memoirs of her Husband Richard Earl of 
Dorset ;** never printed. 

" Sundry Memorials of herself and her Prch 
genitors." 

And the following letter to sir Joseph Wil- 
liamson , secretary of state to Charles the se* 
cond, who haying sent to nominate to her a 
member for the borough of Appleby, she re- 
turned this resolute answer, which, thoi^ 

* [** On the road-aide between Peniith and Appkbf," Ofl 
an elegant modern poet; who has directed <* Attention'! fiftcd 
eyeto 

That modest stone which pious Pembroke reared; 

Which still recordst beyond the pencil's power, 

file silent sorrows of a parting hour, 

$till to the rousing pilgrim points the place. 

Her sainted spirit most deh'ghts to trace." 

Rogers's Pleasures of Memory. 
See art. of Margaret^ Countess of Cumber1and» toL iL p. i6t.] 
-* Vide Ballardy and Memorials of Worthy P^nons^ p. 9% 
and 94. [Her friends advised her to be less iariah in Imildii^ 
castles during the protectorate of Cromwelt at there was ic»> 
son to fear that, when rebuilt* orders wonUI be sent to demo- 
lish them: but she replied, ** Let him destroy tfacm if he w3li 
be shall sorely find as often as be does so I wiB rebnBd thcmi 
while he leifts me a shilling in my pocket."] ' ' 



JkSTKE, COUNTB88 OF PBMBBOKE. I67 

pnjited in another place ^ is most proper to be 
inserted here; — 

*^ I have been bullied by an usurper ; I have 
been neglected by a court; but I will' not be 
liictated to by a subject : your man sha'nt stand. 

^^ ANNE DORSET^ PEMBROKE AND 
MONTGOMERY.** 



[This lady was sole daughter and heir to George, 
earl of Cumberland^ and her mind was enriched by 
naturcj says Ballard, with very extraordinary endow- 
ments 7* She died March 21, 1675, and the following 

' The World, yoLi. No. 14. [Printed April 5, 1753, in a 
•amber of that work contributed by lord Orford, who gives 
DO reference, however, to the original.] 

' Daniel the poet, who was the able tutor of this distin- 
Suislied lady, addressed a metrical epistle to her at the age of 
tliirtecn, which nuy here be partially cited from its connexion 
inth the present article, but which deserves entire perusal for 
Lti dignified vein of delicate admonition. 

«< TO THE LADY ANNE CLIFFORD. 

With so great care doth she that hath brought forth 
That comely body, labour to adorn 
That better part, the mansion of your mind. 
With all the richest fiimiture of worth 
To make ye' as highly good as highly bom^ 
And set your vertues equal to your kind. 

ahetcUs you how that honour only is 
A goodly garment put on fair deserts, 
^Ijrhemii the smallest stain is greatest seen| 

M 4 



1 68 ANNE, COUNTESS OP PEMBROKE. 

character was given of her by Dr. Rainbow, bUbopof 
Carlisle, who preached her funeral sermon: ''She 



And that it cannot grace unworthiness; 
But more apparent shews defective parts. 
How gay soever they arc deck'd therein. 

She tells you too, how that it bounded it 
And kept enclosed with so many eyes. 
As that it cannot stray and break abroad 
Into the private ways of carelessness ; 
Nor ever may descend to vulgarise 
Or be below the sphere of her abode: 

But, like to those supernal bodies set 
Within their orbs, must keep the certain course 
Of order, destin'd to their proper place. 
Which only doth their note of glory get. 
Th' irregular appcaninces enforce 
A short respect, and perish without grace; 
Being meteors, seeming high but yet low plac'd. 
Blazing but while their dying matters last. 

Nor can we take the just height of the mind 
But by that order which her course doth show. 
And which such splendour to her action gives; 
And thereby men her cminency find. 
And thereby only do attain to know 
The region and the orb whertin she lives ; 
For low in the' air of gross uncertainty 

Confusion only rules, order sits high. 

****** 

Such are your holy bounds, who mutt convey 
(If God so please) the honourable blood 
Of Clifford, and of Russel, led arig t 
To many worthy stems, whose offspring may 
Look back with comfort, to have had that good« 
To spring from such a branch that grew s' upright: 
Since nothing chears the heart of greatness more 
Than th' ancestors fair glory gone before." 



AKRB, COUNTESS OP PEMBROKE. I69 

ad a clear sool, shining through a vivid body; her 
ody wa8 durable and healthful, her soul sprightful^ 
r great understanding and judgment, faithful memory 
!id ready wit. She had early gained a knowledge, as 
r the best things, so an ability to discourse in all 
nnmendable arts and sciences, as well as in those 
lings which belong to persons of her birth and sex to 
now. She could discourse with virtuosos, tra- 
dters, scholars, merchants, divines, statesmen, and 
^ith good housewives in any kind; insomuch, that a 
rime and elegant wit. Dr. Donne, well seen in all 
umane learning, is reported to have said of this lady, 
that she knew well how to discourse of all things from 
predestination to slea-silk :* meaning, that although 
lie was skilful in housewifery, and in such things, 
1 which women are conversant ; yet her penetrating 
rit soared up to pry into the highest mysteries. Al- 
hough she knew wool and flax, fine linnen and silk, 
bings appertaining to the spindle and the distaff; yet 
she could open her mouth with wisdom,' and had 
nowledge of the best and highest things, such as 
make wise unto salvation/ If she had sought 
ime rather than wisdom, possibly she might have 
leen ranked among those wits and learned of that 
ex, of whom Pythagoras or Plutarch, or any of the 
ncientSt have made such honourable mention. But 
he affected rather to study with those noble Bereans 
ind those honourable women, who searched the Scrip- 
ures daily ; with Mary she chose the better part, of 
earning the doctrine of Christ. 

Authors of several kinds of learning, some of 



i€ 



170 AiriTE, COUNTESS OF PSMBBOKf. 

coDtroveraies very abstruscj were not unknown to Iwrt 
She much commended one book, Williim Birklay'i 
Dbpute with Bellarmine ; both^ as she knew^ of the 
Popish persuasion ; but the former, less papal, and who 
she said < bad well stated a main point, and opposed 
• that learned cardinal for giving too much pom, 
' even in temporals, to the pope over kings and secov 
^ lar princes, which she seemed to think the mm 
' thing aimed at by the followers of thai court: Ip 
f preiepd a claim only to govern directly in spirituals, 
5 but to intend chiefly, though indirectly, to hook in 
^ temporals, and in them to gain power, domintoo, 
/ and tribute/ ** 

The anonymous author of Biographical Sketches' 
has remarked, that there is reason to believe loid 
Prford was mistaken in sayii^g, this countess wrote 
5^ Memoirs" of her first husband, the earl of Dorset 
She left, however, this character of him in writing. 
Speaking of her two husbands: *< The first,*' says 
she, ^^ was, in bis own nature, of a just mind^ of 
a sweet disposition, and very valiant in his own per* 
son. He had great advantage in his breeding I7 
the wisdom and devptioq of his grandfather Tbo- 
inas Sackville, earl of Dorset, and lord'hi^-trea- 
surer, who was one of the wisest men of that time, 
\xy which means he (her husband) was so goo4 
a scholar in all manner of learning, that in his youth, 
)vhen he was in the university of Oa^ford^ there wcio 

" <* Of emii^ent Pertons whote PtetnuU form Fut of the 
Pake of Doracf f CoUcctioB at Koole," 1795, p. 71. 



ANNB^ COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE. 171 

Me- of the young nobility that excelled him. He 
YBB also a good patriot to bis country, and generally 
cloved in it i much esteemed by the parliament that 
at in his time; and so great a lover of scholars and 
oldiers, as that with an excessive bounty towards 
hem, or indeed any of worth that were in distress, he 
ltd much diminish his estate, as also with excessive 
mMligality in housekeeping and other noble ways at 
XHirt, as tilting, masquing, and the like; prince 
9enry being then alive, who was much addicted to 
hose noble exercises, and of whom he was much 
)elp\'ed 3." 

Her second husband, the earl of Pembroke, is thus 
kscribed by her : ** He was no scholar, having passed 
bat three or four months at Oxford, when be was 
taken thence, after his father's death, in the latter end 
di the reign of Elizabeth, to follow the court ; judg- 
ing himself fit for that kind of life when not passing 
Hxteen years old. Y^t be was of quick apprehen- 
sion, sharp understanding, very crafty withal, of ^ 
discerning spirit, but a choleric nature, increased by 
the oQice he held of chamberlain to the kii^. He 
y9BS never out of England but two months, when he 
svent into France with other lords, in 1 625, to attend 
queen Mary, when coming over to marry king Charles. 
He was one of the greatest noblemen of his time in 
England, and well beloved throughout the realm.'' 

The consideration of lord Pembroke's being the 
ff greatest nobleman of his time in England, " can 

' Kog. Sketchesi ut lup. 



17^ ANNE^ COUNTESS OF PEMBBO&E. 

alone account for lady Anne Clifford's uniting heradf 
with 80 worthless a person. Hawking and himtiog 
seem to have comprised all his merits. '< He |H«* 
tended to no other qualifications,'^ says lord Qmi^ 
don ^y ^^ than to understand dogs and horses very wdl| 
and to be believed honest and generous." Hii 
stables vied with palaces, and his falconry was fiir* 
nished at an immense expense : but in his private lift 
he was characterised by gross ignorance and vice, and 
bis public character was marked by ingratitude and ia* 
stability. The life of lady Pembroke was embitteicd 
by him for near twenty years, and she was at lei^ 
compelled to separate, till, in January 1649, death re* 
lieved her from fetters which had nearly become iato- 
lerable^. The following letter, transcribed from iti 
original copy in Harl. MS. 7001, was addressed to ber 
uncle the earl of Bedford, and sufficiently displays the 
matrimonial coercion she endured, and the dread sbt 
entertained of her wedded tyrant, whom Peonaol 
calls ^' a brutal simpleton." 

*' My lorde, 

•* Yester daye by Mr. Marshe I receved your lord- 
ship's letter, by whiche I perceved how muche yoo 
wer trubled att the reporte of my beeing sicke; for 
whiche I humble thanke your lordship. I was so ill i> 
I did make full accountt to die; but now, I thank God, 
I am somthinge better^ 

** And now, my lorde, give me leve to desire ibatl 
&vouer from your lordship as to speke emestley toniy 

* Hist, of the RebelUoiiy vol. i. p. 47. 

ft Hays's Female Biography, vol. iii. p. 384. 



AKNE« COUNTESS OP PEMBROKE. 173 

Iwde^ for my comiog upe to the towne this teroKi 
ether to Bamardes castell or the Cok-pitt. And I pro« 
test I will be reday to retume backe hether aganc 
wben-8o-ever my lorde appoynttes itt. I have to this 
purpoa written now to my lorde^ and putt itt incloBsed 
in a letter of mine to my ladey of Camarvan^ as de- 
siring her to deliver itt to her father, whiche I knowe 
shee will cbe withe,all the advantage shee can to farder 
this buasnes ; and iff your lordship will joyne withe 
ber in itt^ you shall afford a charittable and a most ac- 
ceptable favouer to 

** Your lordship's cossen, and humble frind to 
eoromand^ 
^^ Ramossburyythis 14 of Anne Pembrookb. 

Jamutrey^ 16384 

'* Iff my lorde sholld denie my comming, then I de- 
dre your lordship I may understand itt as sone as may 
bee, thatt so I may order my poore businesses as well 
as I cane, withe outt my one comming to the towne: 
fbr I dare nott vehtter to come upe withe outt his leve; 
lest he sholld take thatt occassion to tume mee outt of 
this howse, as bee did outt of Whitthall| and then I 
•hall nott know wher to put my hede« I desire nott 
to staye in the towne above 10 dayes or a fbrttnight att 
the most. 
*^ To the Right Honurable my noble Cossen, the Earlle 

of Bedford, deliver this." 

Another letter in the same volume, dated *' Apellbey 
Castell, Jan. 10, 1649," and directed to the countess 
dowager of Kent, acknowledges a loan^ and returns 



1/4 ANN£^ COUNTERS O^ PSlCBftOKJt* 

the sum^ beseechiDg her ladyship to deliver up a ^^ little 
cabinett and Helletropian cupe^^' which seem to have 
been left in pawn. She encloses her loTe and service 
to worthy Mr. Selden, and says she should be in a 
pitiful case if she had not ^^ exelentt Chacer's booke" 
to comfort her ; but when she read in that, she scorned 
and made light of her troubles. 

Mr. Seward^ in his Anecdotes of distinguished Per* 
sons ^9 has printed some memoirs of the early part of 
lady Pembroke's life, written by herself, and exhibiting 
a very striking picture of the simplicity of the man- 
ners of the times in which she lived, as well as of her 
own character. Mr. Pennant also speaks of a life of 
this lady in manuscript, written by herself, and has 
cited anecdotes of the family which he found in certain 
letters and diaries of the countess and her daughter ^ ; 
and lord Orford describes lady Pembroke's Memorials 
of her Life to be ^^ extant in the British Museum *:" 
but, after consulting the Harleian and other cata- 
logues, with the willing aid of Mr. Henry Ellis, I 
have not been able to trace such reliqmac.] 

• Voi i. p. 115. 

' Tour in Scotland, pait iL p. 356. 

* See Worki, vol. i. p. 486. 




William CAVKNi»iSH, 

Duke ^-JV^wc^sTf-z:. 



I 



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■ • ■ • 






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175 

WILLIAM CAVENDISH, 
DUKE OF NEWCASTLE, 

N extremely known from the course of 
to which he was forced, and who would 
lave been forgotten in the walk of fame 
he chose for himself. Yet as an author 
&miliar to those who scarce know any 
author — ^from his book of horsemanship. 
;h " amorous in poetry and musick/* as 
d Clarendon says ' ; he was fitter to break 
IS for a manage, than to mount him on 
eeps of Parnassus. Of all the riders of 
eed, perhaps there have not been a more 
ic couple than his grace and his faithful 
», who was never off her pillion '. One 
noble historian's finest portraits is of this 
the duchess has lefl another, more dif- 
ideed, but not less entertaining. It is 
' amusing to he^r her sometimes compare 
d to Julius Cassar, and oflener to acquaint 

ii. p. 507. [The historian addsy what is highly to the 
redit and honour, that nothing could hare tempted 
of those paths of pleasure which he enjoyed in a fall 
le fortune, but honour and ambition to serve the king 
saw him in distress, and abandoned by most of those 
e in the highest degree obliged to him.] 
r grace certainly had a bobby to herself, on which she 
iy vaulted and curvetted, when the duke did not bear 
>any. Vuk p. 145, sup.] 



176 DUKE OP NEWCASTLE. 

you with such anecdotes, as in what sort of 
coach he went to Amsterdam. The touches on 
her own character are inimitable: she says^, 
that ^^ it pleased God to command his servai^ 
Nature to indue her with a poetical and philoso- 
phical genius even from her birth ; for she did 
write some books even in that kind befo re she 
was twelve years of age.'* But diough she had 
written philosophy, it seems she had read none ; 
for, at near forty, she informs us, that she ap- 
plied '^ to the reading of philosophical authors, 
in order to learn those names and words of art 
that are used in schools^.'* But what gives' one 
the best idea of her unbounded passion for scrib- 
bling, was her seldom revising the copies of her 
works, " lest it should disturb her following 
conceptions ^.'' What a picture of foolish no- 
bility was this stately poetic couple, retired to 

* Dedication. 

* [So fond, says Dr. Lort, was her grace of Uiese tmt^ 
thnSf and so careful lest they should be still-bom, that Ihfic 
heard or read somewhere, that her servant John" (whose vMOt 
I think is mentioned by her with much condescension and i^ 
fection in her dedication of the duke's life to the dnke) W 
ordered to lie in a truckle-bed in a closet within her gnKX^ 
bedchamber, and whenever at any time she gave the waaas/M 
by calling out ^ John, IcMcnvCf* poor John was togetift 
and commit to writing the oflEspring of his mistress's leiti** 
MS. note in Mr. Cough's copy.] 

* John RoUeston, the duke's secfctary. 



DUKE OP NEWCASTLE. 177 

their own little domain, and intoxicating one 
another with circumstantial flattery on what was 
of consequence to no mortal but themselves! 
In that repository of curious portraits at Wel- 
beck is a whole length of the duchess, in a 
theatric habit, which tradition says she gene- 
rally wore. Besides lord Clarendon's descrip- 
tion, and his own duchess's life ^ of this no- 
bleman, there is a full account of him in the 
Biographia Britannica ^, where the ample enco- 
miums would endure some al)atement. He 
seems to have been a man in w hose character 
ridicule would find more materials than satire ^. 

He published 

*^ La Methode nouvelle do dresser les Che- 
vaux, &c, avec Figures ;" or The new Method 
of managing Horses, with Cuts. Antwerp, 
l658, folio. This was first written in Eng- 

7 [This work is divided into four books: the first contains 
an account of his grace's life ; 2. of his actions, before, in, and 
after, the civil wars ; 3. a descnption of his person, disposition, 
fiabits, &c. and, 4. Essays and Discourses, gathered from 
the mouth of her noble lord and husband, with some few notes 
rf her own.] 

• P. iai4. 

• CQu. Whether this will not appear doubtful, when his 
|;race'8 character is impartially considered? since those who have 
censured him, as Mr. Reed observes, for too strong an attach- 
ment to poetry and the polite arts, have done no honour to the 
<]clicacyof their own taste. Biog.Dram*. vol. i. jp. ISj.] 

VOL. III. N 



178 DCKE OP NEWCASTLE. 

lish^ and translated into French by a Wal- 
loon. 

** A new Method and extraordinary Inven- 
tion to dress Horses, and work them according 
to Nature ; as also to perfect Nature by the 
Subtiltyof Art/' Lond. 1667, folio*. 

This second piece, as the duke informs his 
reader, " is neither a translation of the firet, 
nor an absolute necessary addition to it; and 
may be of use without the other, as the other 
hath been hitherto, and still is without this: 
but both together will questionless do best." A 
noble edition of this work has been printed of 
late years in this kingdom. 

" The Exile, a Comedy 3." 

** The Comitry Captain, a Comedy;" 
written during his banishment, and printed at 
Antwerp, 1649; afterwards presented by his 
majesty's servants at Blackfriars, and very much 
commended by Mr. Leigh. 

* [Langbaine acknowledges his oUigationt to thcie iraib 
Cor aereral notioof bonrowed from them, in a Ihtle Ituf <■ 
IIonemaaship,|Kiot«dat Oxfoid in i6S5» 8to. Dnm.Fod% 

« VideTheatr.RecordSyp. 57. [This play waaaaciibsd Is 

the duke by Whincop; but as no other writer meiitioiisitt*'l* 
Ifr. Reedf and as it is not to be found in any of the ytuM^ 
coltecUons of plays, I am doubtfiil about it^ existence, tll^ 
▼oLi. p. 63.] 



DUKE OP NEWCASTLE. 1 7g 



** Variety, a Comedy ;" 
presented by his majesty's servants at Black- 
friars; first printed in 1649, 12mo. and gene- 
rally bound with the Country Captain. It was 
also highly 'commended, in a copy of verses, by 
Mr. Alexander Brome. 

** The Humorous Lovers, a Comedy ;" 
acted by his royal highness's servants. Lond. 
1677? 4to. This was received with great ap- 
plause, and esteemed one of the best plays at 
that time. 

" The triumphant Widow, or tlic Medley of 
Humours, a Comedy :" 

icted by his royal highness's servants. Lond. 
1677, 4to. This piece pleased Mr. Shadwcll so 
much, that he transcribed part of it into his 
Bury-fair, one of the most successful plays of 
Jiat laureate*. His biographer says, " that 
lis grace wrote in the nianner of Ben Jonson, 
md is allowed by the best judges not to have 
jeen inferior to his master." I cannot think 
these panegyrics very advantageous: what com- 

* [Shadwell styles the duke, " the greatest master of wit, 
he most exact observer of mankind, and the most accurate 
odge of humour he ever knew:" and Langbaine avers, that 
■noe the time of Augustus, no person better understood dra- 
(Batic poetry, nor more generously encoiuraged poets; so that 
ire may truly call him, our English Maecenas." Dram. Poets, 
P- 386.] 



160 DUKE OP XEWCASXrE. 

positions, that imitated Jonson's pedantry^, 
and mixed well with Shadwell's poverty! Jon- 
son, Shadwell, and sir William Davenant^, 
were all patronised by the duke '. 

>» [Ben Jon son has an epigrammatic compliment addretscd 
to the earl of Newcastle, on seeing him mount his horscy in 
which he pedantically compares him to a centaur. Brit. Poetiy 
vol. iv. p. 58a.] 

^ [The duke of Newcastle, says Granger, was so attached 
to the muses, that he could not leave them behind him; but 
carried them to the camp, and made Davenant, the poet Un- 
reate, his lieutenant-general of the ordnance. Biog. Hist. vol.iL 

p. 124.] 

7 [So, it may be added, was Flecknoe; before whose Ten 
Years Travels in Europe, a miscellany of prose epistles and com- 
pliments in rhyme, are two copies of verses by the duke. 
Flecknoe repaid his grace with metrical interest, in varions edi- 
tions of his Epigrams of all Sorts. The following delineation 
is contrasted to the character of an unworthy nobleman: 
** But now behold a nobleman indeed, 
Such as w' admire in story when we read. 
Who does not proudly look that you should do£F 
Your hat, and make a reverence twelvescorc off: 
Nor takes exceptions, if at every word 
You call him not btj grace; or else my lord; 
But does appear a hundred times more great 
By his neglect oft, than by keeping state. 
He knows civilitie and curtesie 
Are chiefest signes of true nobility; 
And that which gains them truest bonourers, 
Is their own vertues, not their ancesters: 
By which thiough all degrees that he has past, 
Of vicount, earl, marquiss, and duke at last; 
H' as always gained the general esteem 
Of honouring those, more than they honoured hin. J 



JDUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 181 

• His poems are scattered among those of his 
duchess ^'^ in whose plays too he wrote many 
scenes. 

One docs not know whether to admire the 
philosophy, or smile at the trifhngness of this 
and the last mentioned peer'', who after sacri- 
ficing such fortunes^ for their master, and du- 
ring such calan)ities of their country, could ac- 
commodate their minds to the utmost idleness 
of literature. 



[This noble author, who was considered by Gibber 3, 
as one of the most finished gentlenicn, as well as the 
most distinguished patriot, general, and statesman, 
of his age, was the son of sir Charles Cavendish, and 
was born in 1592. His father, who discovered in 
him, even from infancy, a promptitude of genius, 
and a love for literature, took care to have him in- 
structed by the best masters in every science. His 

* f Her grace informs us that the duke had written hundreds 
of verses, songs, and themes, though he could not repeat three 
l>y heart; but he was not so forgetful of other things, for he 
liad an extraordinary memory for received courtesies. Epist. 
cited at p. 183.] 

* [Meaning John, marquis of Winchester. See art. p. 146.] 

* It is computed by the duchess of Newcastle, that the loss 
sustained by the duke from the civil wars rather surpassed than 
frn short of £i$hS 79- Vide the Life. 

' Livin of the Poetic voL ii. p. 169. 

K 3 



J 82 DUKE OP NEWCASTLE. 

course of education being early completed, the itpo- 
tation of his abilities attracted the attention of king 
JameSy who made him a knight of the bath in i6iO| 
and in 1620, created him baron Ogle and viscooot 
Mansfield. Possessing no less favour with Charicf 
the first than with his father, he received the additionti 
title of lord Cavendish ofBolsover, and the still higher 
one of earl of Newcastle. In 1638 he was appointed 
governor to the prince of Wales, and in 1639, when 
the troubles broke out in Scotland, he commanded a 
volunteer troop of horse incoqx)rated under the deno- 
mination of the prince's troop. During this' com- 
mand he had a contest with the earl of Holland, to 
whom he sent a challenge : but the affair having been 
disclosed to the king, the matter was made op; 
though not without leaving an imputation of want of 
perfect bravery in lord Holland. He was next con- 
stituted commander in chief of the forces north of 
Trent, and defeated general Fairfax ; for which service 
he was advanced to the dignity of marquis of Net- 
castle. When ruin followed the king's affairii 
he embarked for Hamburgh, and resided during the 
interregnimd at Paris and at Antwerp, where he under- 
went a variety of misfortunes during an exile of six- 
teen years 3. In 1664 he returned to England with 
his sovereign, and after being created earl of Ogle sod 
duke of Newcastle^ withdrew from courtly cares to 
pass the evening of his days in rural retirement, tod 
the indulgence of those studious pursuits which bid 

' Biog. Dnun. vol. i. p. 62. Gibber nukes it eigfatcoi Jtf^ 



DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. J^3 

attracted bim in early life. Lord Clarendon^ who has 
described bim at some length, declares that nothing 
could have tempted him out of those paths of pleasure 
which he enjoyed in a full and ample fortune, but 
honour and ambition to serve the king when he saw 
him in distress, and abandoned by most of those who 
were in the highest degree obliged to him*. Granger 
adds, that he was master of many accomplishments, 
and much better qualified for a court than a camp. 
He understood horsemanship, music, and poetry; 
but was a better horseman than musician, and a better 
musician than a poet^. 

To sir William Musgrave's copy of the duke's life, 
in the British Museum, is appended an epistle by the 
duchess, which contains a curious compendium of 
her grace's sentiments respecting her own skill in au- 
thorship. To that epistle is subjoined ^* a true rela- 
tion of her birth ^, breeding, and life;" which is 
creditable to her in every point of view : and would 
more highly have enriched the additions to her grace's 
article, had it sooner been discovered. The following 
ingenuous account of the duke and of herself cannot 
be thought obtrusive, since sir William Musgrave 
pronounces the tract whence it was extracted, very 
scarce* 

* Hist, of the Rebellion, vol. ii< p. 507, 8vo. edit. 

* Biog^ Hist. vol. ii. p. 125. 

^ Sh^ was the daughter of sir Charles and sister to lord 
l^cas, *^a noble family, says her monument, for all the lnt>thers 
were valiant, and all the sisters virtuous.'' See CoUins's Hist* 
Coll p. 44* 

n4 



184 DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 

'^ My lord is a person whose humour is neither ex* 
travagantly merry^ nor unnecessarily sad ; his mind is 
^bove his fortune, as his generosity is above his purse^ 
his courage above danger, his justice above bribes^ bis 
friendship above self- interest, his truth too firm for 
falshpod, his temperance beyond temptation ; his con- 
versation is pleasing and affable, his wit is quick and 
his judgment is strong, distinguishing cleerly without 
clouds of mistakes : his discourse is always new upon 
the occasion, without troubling the hearers with old 
historical! relations, nor stuft with useless sentences; 
his behaviour is manly without formallity, and free 
without constraint, and his minde hath the same free** 
dom. His nature is noble, and his disposition sweet. 
His loyalty is proved by his publick service to his king 
and countrey, by his often hazarding of his life, by the 
lossc of his estate, and the banishment of his person, 
by his necessitated condition, and his constant and 
patient sufl'ering. But howsoever our fortunes ate, 
we are both content, spending our time harmlessly: fpr 
my lord pleaseth himself with the management ot 
some few horses, and exercises himself with the us^ 
of the sword ; which two arts he hath brought, by hi * 
studious thoughts, rational I experience, and industrioi 
practice, to an absolute perfection. 

** For my part, I had rather sit fit home, and wrii 
or walk in my chamber, and contemplate. But I hoi 
it necessary sometimes to appear abroad ; besides, I 
find that severall objects do bring new materialls ft 
my thoughts and fancies to build upon. Yet I mi 
say this in the behalf of my thoughts, that I nev 



DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 185 

ound them idle: for if the senses bring no work inj 
bey will work of themselves^ like silk-wormes that 
piun out of their own bowels. Neither can I say 
think the time tediqus when I am alone, so I be neer 
ny lord^ and know he is well. I always took delight 
a a singularity^ even in acoutrements of habits; but 
irhatsocver I was addicted to, either in fashions of 
loths, contemplation of thoughts, actions of life; 
hey wer^ lawful, honest, honorable, and modest; of 
vhich I can ^voMch to the world with a great confix 
Icnce, because it is a pure truth. As for my dispo- 
ition, it is more inclining to be melancholy than 
nerry, but not crabbed or peevish melancholy : and I 
un apt to weep rather than laugh ; not that I do often 
.'ither of them^ Also, I am tender-natured ; for it 
iroubles my conscience to kill a fly, and the groans of 
\ dying beast strike my soul. Also, where I place a 
)articular affection, I love extraordinarily and con- 
stantly, yet not fondly, but soberly and observingly : 
>ut this affection will take no root but where I think 
>r find merit, and have leave both from divine and 
Tiorrall laws. Yet I find this passion so troublesome, 
IS it is the only torment to my life, for fear any evill 
nisfortune, or accident, or sickness, or death should 
x>nie unto them ; insomuch, as I am never freely a( 
■est. Likewise, I am gratefuU ; for I never received 
I curtesie, but I am impatient and troubled untill \ 
2an return it. Also I am chast^ both by nature and 
education, insomuch, as I do abhorre an unchast 
thought^ Likewise, I am seldom angry, as my serv- 
ants may witness for me; but when I am angry, \ 



186 DUKE OP NEWCASTLE. 

am very angry; but yet it is soon over, and I am eisitf 
pacified, if it be not such an injury as may create a 
bate. Likewise, I am neither spiteful, cnvioiiSy nor 
malicious ; I repine not at the gifts that nature or for- 
tune bestows upon others, yet I am a great emulator: 
for though I wish none worse than they are, yet it if 
lawfull for me to wish myself the best, and to do my 
honest endeavour thereunto; for I think it no crime, 
to wish my self the exaclest' of nature's works, my 
thrcd of life the longest, my chain of destinie the 
strongest, my minde the peaceablest, my life the plei- 
santcst, my death the easiest, and [myself] the greatest 
saint in heaven !" 

His grace addressed the following cramp and uxo- 
rious compliment 

" TO THE LADY MARQUESSE OF NEWCASTLE, 

ON HEB BOOK IMTITLED HER ' PHILOSOPHICALI 
' AND PHT51CALL OPINIONS.* 

" Were the old grave philosophers alive 
How they would envy you, and all would strive 
Wbo first should bum their books ; since they so long 
Thus have abus*d the worlds and taught us wrong. 
With hard words that mean nothing; which non-sense 
Whep we h^ve conned by heart, then we commence 
Masters and doctors, with grave looks; and then 
Proud, because think thus, we are learned men. 
And know not that we do know nothing right. 
Like blinde men now, led onely by your sight: 
And, for diseases, let the doctors look. 
Those worthy learned men^ but in your book. 



DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 187 

rhey^*le finde such news in their art> and so true. 

As old Hippocrates he. never knew. 

Nor yet vast Galen ; so you need not seek 

Farther then £nglish, to know less in Greek : 

If you read this^ and study it, you may 

Out of dark ignorance, see brighter day. 

" W. Nbwcastlb.'* 

A specimen of his grace's prose penmanship may 
be cited from a prefix to the same publicationi in 1655^ 
It denotes him to have been a jealous champion of his 
lady's literary honour, and may serve as a partial com- 
ment on some of her performances. 

From " An Epistle to justice the Lady Newcastle, 
and Truth against Falshood; laying those false and 
malicious Aspersions of her^ that she was not Authour 
of her Books," 

" This ladie's philosophy Is excellent, and will be 

thought so hereafter; and the truth is, that it was 

wholy and onely wrought out of her own brain, as> 

there are many witnesses, by the several sheets that 

she sent daily to be writ fair for the presse. As for her 

Poems, where are the exceptions to these? Marry, 

they misse sometimes in the numbers and in the rimes. 

It is well known by the copies that those faults lie 

most upon the corrector and the printer. But put the 

case, there might be some slips in that kinde: is all 

the book damned for' it? No mercy, gentlemen? 

When, for the numbers, every schoole-boy can make 

them on bis fingers; and for the rimes, Fenner^ would 

' Fcnner was a pamphleteering opponent of Taylor, the 
water*poet. 



'' X 



188 DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 

have put down Ben Johnson; and yet neither the boy 
or Feuner so good poets. No; it is neither of those 
either makes or condemns a poet; it is new-born and 
creating phansics that glorifies a poet; and in her 
book (if poems, I am sure there is excellent and new 
phanciesy as have not been writ by any, and that it 
was onely writ by her, is the greatest truth in the 
world. 

** Now, for her book called the World's Olio, say 
some — how is it possible that she should have such ex- 
perience to write of such things so ? I answer, that 1, 
living long in the great world, and having the varioui 
fortunes of what they call good and bad; certainly, the 
reading of men might bring me to as much experience 
as the reading of books; and this I have now and 
then discourst unto this lady, who hath wisely and 
elegantly drest it in her own way, and sumptuously 
cloathed it, at the charge of her own phancies and ex- 
pressions. 1 say, some of them she hath heard from 
me; but not the fortieth part of her book; all the rest 
^re absolutely her own in all kindes : this is an inge* 
nious truth, therefore beleeve it, 

^^ As for the book of her PaiLOsopuicikL Opi- 
nions; there is not any one thing in the whole book 
that is not absolutely spun out by her own studioui 
phaocy ; and if you will lay by a little passion against 
writers, you will like it, and the best of any thing she 
has writ ; therefore read it once or twice, not with 
malice to finde a little fault, but with judgement to 
like what is good. 

f^ Truly I cannot beleeve sounworthily of any scbo- 



DUKE OP NEWCASTLE. l8g 

lar, (honouring them so much as we both do,) that 
they should envie this ladye; or should have so much 
malice or emulation^ to cast such false aspersions on 
iier^ that she did not write those books that go forth \A 
her name. They will hardly iinde out who else writ 
them ; and I protest, none ever writ them but herself. 
Here 's the crime : a lady writes them ; and to intrench 
io much upon the male prerogative, is not to be for* 
given : but I know gown- men will be more civil to 
her, because she is of ihe gown too. I had not trou- 
bled you with this, but that a learned doctor, our very 
noble friend, writ us word of the infidelity of some 
people in this kinde. Whatsoever I have writ is ab- 
solutely truth ; which I here (as a man of honour) set 

my hand to. 

" W. Newcastle." 

The Harl. MS. 6988, contains a letter from the 

duke to his pupil prince Charles. 

In 1642, was printed at York, and reprinted at 

Oxford, 

'* An Answer of the Right Honourable the Earle of 

N^ewcastle, his Excellency, &c. to the six groundlesse 

-Aspersions cast upon him by the Lord Fairfax, in his 

IsLte Warrant bearing date Feb. 2, 1642." 

This gallant vindication of the royalists thus con- 
cludes : 

*^ The lord Fairefax requires all parties to appeare; 
^nc] I command them all, upon their allegiance, to stay 
*^ faome. They may perhaps come thither >^ithout 
daiiger, but the difficulty will be to get safe back 
^S^ine; sed revocare gradum, hie labor hoc opus est* 



igO DUKE OP NEWCASTLE. 

It were a more conscionable and discreet part of thcni| 
to repaire all as one unanimous body to their sove- 
reign's standard, and drive out those incendiaries from 
among them, who have beene the true authors of ail 
the pressing grievances and miseries of this county. 

'^ Withall, his lordship talks of driving me and mine 
army out of the country. He knowes this cannot be 
done without a meeting. If it be not a flourish, but 
a true sparke of undissembled gallantry, he may doe 
well to expresse himselfe more particularly for time 
and place. This is more conformable to the exam- 
ples of our heroicke ancestors, who used not to spend 
their time in scratching one another out of holes, but 
in pitched fields determined their doubts. This wouM 
quickly set a period to the suflcrings of the people, 
unlesse he desire rather to prolong those miserable dis- 
tractions, which were begun with breach of promise. 
It yvere pitty if his desires leade him this wav, but he 
should be satisfied : and let the God of battels deter- 
mine the right of our English Jawe? and liberties."] 



\ 




>nF.oire,GE Dig BY. Earl of Bkistoi. . 



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GEORGE DIGBY, 
EARL OF BRISTOL, 

• 

A SINGULAR person, whose life was one con- 
tradiction. He wrote against Popery, and em- 
braced it; he was a zealous opposer of the 
court, and a sacrifice for it * ; was conscien- 
tiously converted in the midst of his prosecution 
of lord Strafford, and was most unconscien- 
tiously a prosecutor of lord Clarendon. With 
great parts, he always hurt himself and his 
fnends ; with romantic bravery, he was always 
an unsuccessful commander^. He spoke for the 

^ [He was secretary of state and ptivy-counsellor to Charles 
the second, but forfeited both these offices, by reconciling 
Mmsclf to the church of Rome, against which he had written 
several pieces of controversy. Swift called him the prototype 
of lord Bolingbroke. It seems that his lordship, after the 
wreck of his fortune in the civil war, had formed a design of 
applying to the crown of France for employment and subsist- 
ence. Biog. Hist. vol. iii. p. aa.] 

• [In Biog. Brit. vol. v. a copious article is allotted to this 
nobleman by Dr. Kippis, which closes with this general infer- 
ence; ** The life of the earl of Bristol affords a striking proof 
that the brightest genius, the most splendid talents, the most 
extensive knowledge, and the richest eloquence, are of little 
advantage to the possessor, and of little benefit to the vrorid, 
unless tbey be accompanied with steadiness of principle and 



1Q2 GEORGE^ EARL OP BRISTOL. 

test-act, though a Roman Catholic, and ad- 
dicted himself to astrology on the birth-day of 
true philosophy. 

We have of his writing 

" Letters between the Lord Geoi^ E^g^y 
and SirKenelm Digby, Knight, coneerning Re- 
ligion." Lond. )651, 8vo. 

This was a controversy on Popery, in whidi 
lord Digby shows that the Roman Catholic reli- 
gion has no foundation on tradition, or on the 
authority of the fathers, &c. Sir Kenelm was 
not only a Papist, but an occult philosopher : if 
lord Digby had happened to laugh at that non- 
sense too, he would probably have died in search 
of the grand elixir. 

" Several Speeches *." 

" Several Letters *." 

" A Letter to Charles the Second, on being 
banished from his Presence ^Z' 

steadiness of conduct." He observes at the same tijne» that 
amid his lordship's numerous faults, he was distinguished by a 
softness and tenderness of disposition. This observatioa seems 
particularly verified in his polemical correspondence with sir 
Kenelm Digby.] 

* A.Wood, vol. ii. p. 579* 

^ Ibid. [A letter from his lordship to the king, dated 
16169 aind two petitions to the lords and the lofd-kceper, oociir 
in MSS. Rawlinson. at Oxford. See Progresses of Queen £li* 
zabethy vol.ii. anno 1594.3 

* Collection of Letters, roLu* p. 51. 



GBOBGE^ EARL OF BRISTOL. 1Q3 

^^ Elvira ; or the Worst not always True, a 
Comedy." 1667, 4to. 

?or this he was brought into sir John Suckling's 
session of Poets ^ 

*^ Excerpta 6 diversis Operibus Patrum Lati- 
ioruin."M S. \ 

^^ The three first books of Cassandra ;" 
nnslated from the French, 8vo. 

He is said to be author of 

" A true and impartial Relation of the Battle 
between his Majesty's Anny and that of the 
Rebels, near Ailesbury, Bucks ; September 20, 
1643." 

And I find under his name, though probably 
not of his writing', the following piece : 

** Lord Digby's Arcana Aulica : or Walsing- 
ham's Manual of prudential Maxims for the 
Statesman and the 0)urtier, l655 *." 



[This nobleman was the eldest son of John, earl of 
Bristol 3, and was bora at Madrid in 1612, during his 

* [^ Digh ud Shilfingsworth, a little further.^] 

* Wood, vol. ii. p. 579. 

« [Several of his speeches are printed in the Biog. Brit. art. 
ISeorge Digby.] 

* Had. CataL vol. ii. p. 755. [A copy of an edit, in 163a, 
m in the Mnieum, and had been bound with a later in 1655 9 
^ie editor describes it, in his preface, as the peHbrmaiice of 
^nc Walsingham, a person unknown.] 

' See p. 49 of the present volume. 

VOL. III. O 



104 GEORGE^ KARL OF BRISTOL. 

father's first embassy into Spain. He was enteredof 
Magdalen college, Oxford, in 1626, and lived in great 
familiarity with the well-known Peter Heylin, a fellow 
of that house. He soon became distinguished by hb 
remarkable advancement in all kinds of itterature, and 
was created master of arts in 1636. In the beginniDg 
of the long parliament he was disaffected to the court; 
in a short time afterwards, he appeared as a declared 
enemy to the parliament, and having testified his dis- 
like of their proceedings against lord Strafford, be 
w as expelled the house of commons io June 1641. In 
the following year he went on a message from Charles 
the first to certain gentlemen at Kingston, with a coach 
and six horses % which was construed into a warlike 
appearance. On this occasion he drew up 

^^ The Lord George Digbie's Apologie for Himselie. 
Printed at Oxford, and published tlie fourth of Ja- 
nuary, Ann. Dom. 1642 :" 

a quarto tract ; written with ingenuous plainness and 
apparent veracity } and he was accused of high treason 
by the parliament, upon pretence of levying war at 
Kingston upon Thames K Lord Clarendon mentions 
this prosecution, as a pertinent instance of the tyrxDoy 
and injustice of those times. Finding what umbngt 
he had given to the parliament, be obtained leave to 
transport himself into Holland. In a secret ezpeditita 

* Atbense, vol. it. col. 579. 

' The intelligence conveyed to the commons was, that lord 
Digby, together with colonel Lunsford, had collected lOiBe 
troopi of hone, and had appeared in anns. ^og. Brit. voL v- 

p. 920. 



GEORGE^ EARL OP BRISTOL. JQS 

irds to the king, be was taken by one of tbe 
aent's ships^ and carried into Hull, but by artful 
ement of tbe governor, brought himself off. 
.3 he was made one of the secretaries of state 
igh steward of tbe university of Oxford. In 
he was constituted lieutenant-general of the 
forces north of Trent 5 he afterwards went over 
land, and exposed himself to many hazards in 
^al cause. Upon the death of the king, he was 
ted from pardon by the parliament, and obliged 
* in exile, till the restoration of Charles the 
If when he recovered all he had lost, and was 
a knight of the garter: after which he grew very 
in public aflfairs, spoke frequently in parliament, 
ade himself conspicuous for his enmity to lord 
idon while he was chancellor 3; though the earl 
stol's history and character have been drawn at 
erable length in the Clarendon State Papers, 
very appearance of impartiality, and with con- 
ate skilfulness^. After a life, says the Biog* 
. which at different periods commanded the 
t and the contempt of mankind, lord Bristol 
neither loved nor regretted by any party, in 

, Reed proceeds to observe^ that our histories of 
od abound with the adventures of this incon- 
: and eccentric nobleman, who, amongst his 

nxr Biog. Diet* vol. ▼. p. 53* 

M dated from Montpelicr, Apr. i A69, and must have been 
led in exile, when the passioDs and enroitiei of the writer 
aerially lubtided. 

o 2 



\g6 GEORGE^ EARL OF BBISTOL. 

Other pursuitSi esteemed the drama iio( unworthy of 
his attention. Downey the prompter s^y^^ |bat bt 
joined with sir Samuel Tuke in writing 

" The Adventures of Five Hours j" 
and that between 1662 and 1665, he produced 

" T is better than it was,*' and 

" Worse apd Worse ;" 
two plays taken from the Spanish, neither pf whicb 
seem to have been printed, unless one of them shonki 
be '^ Elvira," with a variation m the title ^. 

In MS. Harl. 7001, are several letters froip Ceorp 
Digby, lord Bristol, to lady Bath, and the earl of Bed* 
furd, for whose son Francis he performed the p^of a 
successful wooer with the countess j and overpowered i 
rival in lord Bath, who had obtained the consent €|f tbi 
lady's parents. The following paragraph is humorously 
descriptive of his interview with the parties : 

^^At my arrivall to Tavustock, I was mucl| sur* 
prisd to finde my lord of Bathe their, whoe I thought 
would have beene att the sizes; but bee bad altered 
his resolution betweene the time of n^y intelligeDce 
and my cominge. I surprisd them all as much ; fill* 
inge the countesse with bluashes, her pareqts witb 
confusion, and the count with jealousye. Shee CQ* 
vered hers well with heartye wellcomes ; tbey sought 
to disguise theirs with civilityes: and bis lonilsbip(I 
ha v inge never seene the Colossus afore) you will eisi* 
lye belceve, look'd ligge. The former I answerd ni 
their kinde ; and for his honour, I found it noe btf' 

* Btog. Dram. toL L p. xa6. 



ORGE^ EARL OP BRISTOL. iQf 

i as good a face upon 't as hee. Wee 
ye parted the first night to goe to bedd. 
their was much lesse farouchnesse be- 
dship and mee. We grewe to apprivoiser 
by conversation in the learned way : the 
; full of serenityc; her mother very ac- 
sir Robert somewhat costive." 
irburton intimates that he epitomised 
iploi des Peres^ in his fine letter to sir 
)y, in defence of the Reformation^, 
'en a verbose account of him and of his 
speeches^ in the Athcnse; and Mr. 
duccd a song into his Specimens^ from 
" Elvira," which may thence be trans- 
Tickly scion of his lordship's Parnassian 

" See, O see ! 

How every tree. 

Every bower. 

Every flower, 
ew life gives to others joys, 

Whilst that I 

Grief-stricken lie. 

Nor can meet 

With any sweet 
what faster mine destro3r8. 

Introduction to Julian, p. 6. An English 
was printed at London in 1651, 4to. with a 
ly Anne Momay, by DailU, and testiinoniet 
he book, by lord Falkland, lord Digby, &c« 
xcursin the Miicellaneout Works of Villicr% 
ham, p. ^$. 

o 3 



}Q$ QBQRQE, 9ABL OF BRISTOL. 

What are all the sense's pleasures. 
When the mind bath lost all measares ? 

*' Hear, O hear ! 

How sweet and clear 

1 he nightingale 

And water's fall 
In concert join for others* earsj 

Whilst to me. 

For harmony. 

Every air 

Echoes despair. 
And every drop provokes a tear; 
What are all the senses* pleasures. 
When the mind hatli lost all measures ?** 

Lord Bristol's elaborate epistle to sir Kendm 
Digby concludes with the following sage reflectionit 
and conciliatory politesse : 

'^ T is solid truths and such as bears no dispntCi 
that I wish we might all stick to; and let pass those 
quillets and niceties imposed by the church of Rome 
for articles of importance, and which her adbereDts 
dwell upon with too scrupulous a diligence ; such is 
admit arguments on both sides, and are fitter for i 
declamation then a catechism, in which whilst mcQ 
vainly busie themselves, they let slide away mMttf 
times unnotedy that great deal which is uncontroulabk 
and plain points, for what can be thought at best but 
the skirts, none belonging to the main body of rdi* 
gion : doctrines for the most part (at the least in vxj 
judgment) so little material, that I applaud the fttbefi 



GEORGE, EARL OF BRISTOL. IQQ 

for spending so little time or labour on them. For I 
swear there is no man living hath a stronger aversion 
then myself from all cavils in religion : it being justly 
to be feared (as our great prelate archbishop of Can- 
terbury, in his epistle to his majestic, sayes) that 
atheism and irreligion gather strength, while the truth 
is thus weakened by an unworthy way of contending 
for it : and 1 am perswaded, that most men, while their 
thoughts are so busied, in chicanes of controverted 
points, grow negligent of those more weighty ones 
that nearlyer import salvation ; and so runne out of the 
most essentiall good of their soules, as impertinently 
as many a peevish freeholder that wasts a solid estate 
in endless law-suits for a trifle ; and I concur with 
you in esteeming both these and all other matters of 
religion very unfit to be argued on for ostentation or 
applause. 

^' 'T is true, the condition of the knowing and igno- 
rant is usually quite contrary to the lord's servants in 
the Gospel : there, he that had least wrapt up his single 
talent in a napkin ; but amongst men now adaies that 
pretend, whoever hath least, it is he longs most to 
shew bow much he hath, and publishes how little. 
Yet thus far they oftentimes both agree, that neither 
improve their store. I confess T ought to have been 
restrained from venturing at all upon this debate, the 
subject itself being so farr above the pitch of my litera- 
ture, and the person with whom I presume to argue 
the difference of opinion, confestly very supefiour in 
all advantages both of nature and acquisition, beyond 
all hopes of comparison; considerations, either of 

04 



200 GEORGE^ EARL OF BRISTOL. 

them able to deterr a much confidenter man then mj 
self. But friendship, which always findes or makes 
men equal), hath long since licenc't me from the latter, 
and hardened me to impart my conceptions (how low 
so ever) as freely to you, as I could doe to any infcriour 
wit of mine own level. Answerable to them is this 
discourse, weak I confess, disjoynted, and without 
nerves; and yet I doubt not but it may be so evictuated 
by truth and the goodness of my cause, that I shall 
not be ashamed to have encountered a Goliah with a 
sling. A straw kept in a right line, might batter a 
tower ; from which right line of truth and reason, I 
may safely protest I ha\e not so much as once voluo« 
tary swarved in this treatise, through any partaking 
passion, or forelaid designe. And truly, the strongest 
opposition that I can possibly make to your opinions 
will derogate no more from your unquestionable ex- 
cellency of judgement, then it would conclude either 
of us ill-sighted, should you affirm such a garment to 
be red and I that it were green, the object being t 
changeable taffaty, and we seated in contrary lights, 
or looking through mediums diversly tincted. A like 
effect upon the soul to these upon the sense, hath di- 
versity of education, and discrepance of those princU 
pies wherewith men meet the first imbued, and 
whereon all our after reasonings are founded/'] 













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201 



RICHARD SACKVILLE, 
FIFTH EARL OF DORSET, 

[The eldest son of Edward, earl of Dorset, suc- 
ceeded to the title and honours of his father, in May 
1652; and on the meeting of the house of lords in 
1660 (after being laid aside by Cromwell) was admit- 
ted with other noble peers, who having succeeded to 
their paternal honours had never sate in the upper 
house of parliament. He took a considerable share in 
the restoration of monarchy and episcopacy, and con- 
curred with general Monk in procuring peace for this 
distracted nation. He was chairman of the commit- 
tee for considering the privileges of peers; for the 
king's reception; for settling the. militia; and for 
several others. He held no public situation however 
in the court of Charles the second ; though he was 
constituted joint lord lieutenant of Middlesex and 
Westminster, and was put into commission with 
other lords for the trials of the regicides of Charles 
the first. He had to wife Frances, daughter of Lionel 
first earl of Middlesex, and deceased August 27, 
1677; being esteemed in his private capacity for an 
indulgent husband, a tender father, and a generous 
friend \ 

The following elegiac tribute by this nobleman, was 
not noticed by lord Orford, though he had cited the 

* Collins's Peerage, vol. ii. p. 337, 4th edit* 



202 BICHABD^ FIFTH EABL OF DORSET. 

publication whence it is extracted^ in his account of 
Lucius^ lord Falkland. 

'* TO THE MEMORY OF BBVJAMIN JOHNSOW. 

*' If Romulus did promise in the fight 
To Jove the Stator, if he held from flight 
His men, a temple ; and perform*d his vow ; — 
Why should not we, learn *d Johnson, thee allow 
An altar at the least ? since, bj thy aid. 
Learning, that would have left us, has been stay'd. 
The actions were different : that thing 
Required some mark to keep*t from perishing; 
But letters must be quite defaced, before 
Thy memory, whose care did them restore. 

" BUCSHU1ST»."2 

' Jonsonus Virbius, 163^. 




Secos]> ])ui*LEY Lord JJorth, 



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II 



203 



DUDLEY, 
LORD NORTH, 

Son of the lord North before mentioned, 
was made a knight of the bath l6l(), at the 
creation of Charles prince of Wales, and sat 
in many parliaments, till secluded by the pre- 
vailing party in that which condemned the king. 
From that period, lord North lived privately 
in the country ; and (as the biographer* of the 
family informs us) towards the latter end of his 
life, entertained himself with justice-business, 
books, and (as a very numerous issue required) 
CBConomy, on which subject, besides the ensu- 
ing pieces, he wrote a little tract called 

" Observations and Advices oeconomical," 
Lend. \66q, j2mo. 

" Passages relating to the Long Parliament ^,*' 
with an apologetic, or rather rec?uitation pre-r 
face. He had, it seems, at first been active 
against the king. 

• Vide Roger North's Life of Lord Keeper Guildford, in 
the preface. 

' f A copy occurs in the Bridgewater library, thus entitled, 
^ Narratire of Passages relating to the Long Parliament. By a 
fcnoa of Honour." 1670, 8to.] 



204 DUDLEY. FOUKTH LORD NOBTH. 

" History of the Life of the Lord Edward 
North*, the first Baron of the Family," 
addressed to his eldest son. Written sensibly 
and in a very good style, yet in vain attempting 
to give a favourable impression of his ancestor, 
who appears to have been a verj' time-serving 
person. Though chancellor of the augment- 
ation-office on the suppression of convents, 
and though he had married his son to the duke 
of Northumberland's daughter-in-law, he was 
immediately in favour with queen Mary, and 
made a baron by her ! 

" Essays ^." 
Printed in l682. The subjects are, " L Li^t 
in the Way to Paradise. II. Of Truth. Ill, 
Of Goodness. IV. Of Eternity. V. Of ori- 
ginal Sin ^" 

* [This Edward, says Fuller, was made by qoeea Ifarf 
baron of Catlidgc, and was a considerable benefictor to Peter- 
house in Cambridge, where he is remembered in then* pariour 
with this distich under his picture: 

Nobilis hie vere fiierat si nobilis uHuSy 
Qui sibi principium nobilitatis erat. 

Worthies of Camb. p. z6S.] 
Collins's Peerage, vol. iv. p. 360, last edit. 

* [See a more particular account of this volume at p. ao;«] 



DUDLEY; FOURTH LORD NORTH. 205 



[In a preface to '^ Observations and Advices oeco* 
Qomical,'' lord North has imparted the following epi-* 
tome of his life: 

** In the prime of my youth I past, or rather lost, 
Bome few years at ihe university of Cambridge, Then 
I came to have a taste of the court, but my father 
coon called me from thence, knowing by dear expe- 
rience the air of that place to be such as few elder 
brothers can long breath there without falling into a 
consumption. Afterwards I lived with my parents at 
their London habitation, and having no employment 
I surfeited of idlenesse, taking my pastime with some 
of the most corrupt young men of those dayes. By 
God's grace I quickly found this unfit for continu-> 
ance, and therefore I prevailed with my father to send 
xne beyond sea to travel, where in lessc then two years 
I had a view of the best part of Italy, France, and 
Spain, being present at Madrid and Paris, when the 
several marriages for our then prince of Wales were 
treated on in those courts, and so I became a partial 
witnesse of the artifices and uncertainty of such ne- 
gotiations. From thence I was employed as a soldier 
m Holland about three years, commanding a foot 
company in our sovereign's pay. And there I ran 
hazard again of being lost in debauchery, and espe- 
cially in the vice-rampant of that people. But by God's 
g;race I came bome scot free, though I served under a 
Scotch colonel. Then I became a married man, and 



lOd DITDLEV, FOURTH LORD NORTH. 

was speedily called to publick aflfairs^ being elected ta 
four successive parliaments, where the services and 
approaches were excessive chargeable^ and of no 
pro^t as to my particular. One of these was that 
fatal parliament which set the whole kingdom on firCf 
seeking to enervate or unsinue all government ; and 
that it might the better be effected^ divers of us^ their 
members, were by club-law forced from our station. 
Yet it pleased God (even by that parliament, when 
we were readmitted) to put all again in such a way, as 
the old government was perfectly restored in a sue- 
(deeding assembly. Then I made my full retreat into 
the country, which renewed my experience in busi- 
nesses relating to that course of life; and now at last 
I am come to reside at the chief mansion-house of our 
family, where I have no other ambition then to end 
thy dayes with a peaceable and pious dissolution: so 
much of my self tyred and retired, which I may well 
be, since the world can scarcely shew me any thing 
new.'* 

His lordship then proceeds to give an account of the 
origin of his judicious little book : *^ Being overtaken 
with old age, and by divers infirmities rendered unfit 
for action, I entertain myself frequently by turning 
over old books (whereof I have good store in several 
languages) without any fixed study ; and among tbem 
I lately perused one, consisting of certain politick and 
prudential considerations, written by three distinct 
Italian authors, in an articular way, and as I wu 
reading, it fell into my thoughts, that the same tnigbt 
profitably be done in (Econamicks, which is a path nol 



DUDLEY^ FOURTH LORD NORTH* 20/ 

V>^uch travelled in. Thence I took occasion to turn 
^y meditations that way, and having spent some little 
Mine therein, I put my materials together, and so this 
Q&^UJ work received being, without any further trouble 
•>y way of method.'* 

Lord North had a learned education in the univer* 
ftity of Cambridge, and his attainments made him an 
orxuunent to that learned body. From the extreme 
^^^Sevity of his father, he did not succeed to the fa^^ 
'^ny.title till he was himself advanced in years. He 
died June 24, 1677 ». 

•Nlr.Todd has favoured me with a sight of the post- 
humous volume which lord Orford calls ^^ Essays,'' 
^^d it has the following contents : 

'* Light in the Way to Paradise: with other occa* 
Clonals. By Dudley the second late lord North." 
*-ond. 1682, 8vo. To these are annexed, a " Doxo« 
'^>gy,** dated Jan. 8, 1655. "An Appendix to the 
Occasiouals,'' containing two metaphysical essays 
•* Of Truth" and "Of Goodness:" with "A Sun- 
^^y*B Meditation upon Eteruity," dated June 17, 
^666; comprising a dissertation "Of original Sin," 
^tid <' A Discourse sometime intended as an Addition 
^ Observations and Advices oeconomical, afterwards 
printed." 

The following paragraph from his " Occasional" 
^vitcd transcription : 

** Religion is the serving of some deity in such a 
^^y as the votary conceiveth that bis deity would be 

•^ Adalphus's British Catunet. 



208 DUDLEY, FOURTH LORD NORTH* 

served. It stands opposed to atheism; which is i 
belief that there is no such thing as a divine power. 
Morality differs from it as a prince's general law doth 
from the attendance required on his person, and espe- 
cial services relating to that. He who is a neglccter 
of the prince's law, will hardly be accepted of to at* 
tend on his person; but he who onely applies himself 
to an observance of the law, shall never merit any 
reward from the prince. Profaneness is the contempt 
of divine service, and Superstition is a way of service 
full of pomp and affectation, but altogether without 
warrant. All religions require reverence internal and 
external to the Deity, and all religions require sincerity 
of heart in the divine service. The true religion (bc^ 
sides these] rei]uires chastity and sobriety in the vo- 
tary, and a desire to do all possible good to mankind, 
and to every particular person a» farr as it may stand 
with God's honour, and piibltque society." 

The very sensible moral observations and political 
reflections of lord North, prefixed to his ** Narrative 
of some Passages in, or relating to, the Long Parlia- 
ment," may appositely be cited in times like the pre- 
sent, 

*^ In matters political it is seldom found, that events 
depend upon causes necessarily producing them ; 
when they do, there must be some great imperfecdoi 
in the original constitution of a state, as writers ill 
liticks affirm, of civil war arising in an oligarchjr"*' 
by reason of many dependences upon great persoii^* 
possest of the sovereign power, whose private an — 
diflering interests distract the forces of such 



DUDLEY; FOUUTir LORD NORTH, '2()C) 

wealths. But this cannot be our case^ who live in an 
extraordinary welUtenipered monarchy, where the 
perfect constitution is sufficiently proved by an efflux 
of very much time, without the appearance of any 
visible defect. We must therefore search out other 
causes. It cannot be doubted, that there is a Divine 
Providence which ordcreth and governeth all things: 
but as this is above us, and altogelher out of our 
sight, so we must rather submit chearfully, than make 
any inquisition about it. As for second causes, in 
ilisturbance of states, none can justifie an armed op- 
position by subjects against their sovereign ; g^nd un- 
less there be some plausible title to ihe supreme power, 
there is seldom any that become considerable, but dis- 
contents upon conceit of misgovernment : and in thi> 
case, the justness of discontent is not so dangerous, 
as the generality of it; and in that respect, designs 
grounded upon right reason, and with certainty of 
publick advantage, if eftbcted, are yet well laid aside, 
when liable to a general misconstruction, in the way 
either of danger or oppression. 

" What shall we think of those, who in this our 
island, so trouble the waters at home (to fish out a 
greatness for themselves) as to sever the head from it!» 
body, and by unsinewing the government, to battt v 
clowii all the pillars that support it, and so bring an 
absolute anarchy and confusion upon the whole na- 
tion ? Surely the depth of this offence is not to be fa- 
thomed; yet thus much is ordinarily said in their 
^fence ; that they were so far from designing anarchy 
that they intended refcrmatton^ and the setting up ol 

VOL. lii. y 



210 DUDLEY^ FOURTH LORD NORTH. 

a much more accomplished government. It is easy 
to be believed, that confusion was not their ultimate 
end, and there needeth no other proof of it than the 
actings of their leviathan Cromwell, who made his 
own personal greatness the foundation of something 
in the way of new government. And the intent of 
reformation or of a new model, can be no justification 
of any particular rebellion, since the same ends are 
pretended to by all persons, that at any time raise a 
power in opposition to the present governors, as those 
very persons found by experience during their short 
rule."] 



211 



ANNE, 
VISCOUNTESS CONWAY. 

s learned and philosophical lady was the daugh- 
sir Heneage Finch, knight, recorder of London, 
ife to Edward, viscount Conway. She died at 
)d in Warwickshire, Feb. 23, 1678; and was 
: famous Van Helmont preserved in her coffin in 

of wine, with a glass over her ace, that her 
ivho was in Ireland when she died, might see 
fore her interment *. 

has been pointed out ^ as the author of a singu- 
3k, full of obscurities and paradoxes, printed at 
Tdam in 1690, i2mo. with this title: 
^puscula philosophica, quibus continentur Prin- 
^hilosophiae, antiquissimx et recentissimse, dc 
Christo, et Creatura: id est, de Spiritu et Ma- 
n Genere, &c. Opusculum posthumum, e 
k Anglicana Latinitate donatum, cum Anno- 
bus ex antiqu& Hebrseorum Philosophic de- 

3nitz, in a German literary journal, ascribed 
oduction to the countess of Connaway, on the 
lation of Mr. Helmont; and her ladyship is 

* Gent. Mag. for 1784) part ii. p. 973. 
' Ut sup. p. 7289 and p. 806. 

P 2 



2J2 VISCOUNTESS CONWAY, 

thus plau8ively adumbrated in the editor's address to 
the reader : 

*' Opusculum hoc in tui gratiam edimus, quod 
conscnptum fuit ante annos haud ita multos a conu^ 
tissa quadapi Anglicana, femina ultra sexuni erudita, 
Latins^ Graecaeque literaturae peritissima, inque omni 
philosophandi genere quam maxime versata. Ilia 
cum primum Cartesii imbuta esset principiis, visisque 
istorum defectibus^ postea ex lectiune quorundam ge- 
nuine antiquitatis philosophise scriptorum tam muha 
obscrvavit^ ut pauca haec capitula in suum conscribe- 
ret usum^ sed plumbagine saltem ct charactere minu* 
tissimo. Quae cum post mortem ejus invenirentur, 
ex parte descripta, (quia qux rcstant vix legi potuerant 
hactcnus) ct Latinitate donata sunt, ut aliqua hinc 
toti orhi literato pronasceretur utilitas, eademque jam 
publici juris fiunt, ut quilibet autorem mirari, veram 
philosophiam agnoscere erroresque heu ! nimium jam 
communes faeciUus evitare queat." 

The close of the concluding section, which is di- 
rected against the materialists Descartes, Hobbes, and 
Spinosa, may perhaps be admissible: 

^' Per hsec omnia facile responderi potest ad omnia 
argumenta^ quibus aliqui probari volunt^ corpus om- 
ni no incapax esse sensus vel perceptionis : modtisqne 
facile ostendi potest, quomodo corpus aliquod gradatim 
pcrvenire queat ad istam perfectionem, ut non solum 
capax sit talis perceptionis et cognitionis, qualem bruti^ 
habent, sed qualiscunque perfectionis, qua in ullum 
homincm vel angelum cadere potest^ atque sic oon 



VISCOUNTESS CONWAY. 213 

giendo ad coactam aliquam metaphoram intelligere 
:riniu8 verba Christ'^ quod e lapidibus Deus exci- 
possit Abrabse liberos. £t si quis negare velit istam 
omnipotentiam^ quod etiam ab extemis lapidibus 
tare possit filios Abrahs^ id sane prssumtio foret 
:ima.''] 



p3 



214 



MARY, 
COUNTESS OF WARWICK. 

[Xhis lady was the thirteenth child, says Granger'} 
of the great earl of Cork, founder of the illnstrioui 
house of Boyle. She was married to Charles, eail of 
Warwick, whom she survived about five years ; and 
was so eminent for her bounty to the poor, that the 
earl her husband was said '' to have given all his estate 
to pious uses 3." Such was the fame of her chari^ 
and hospitality, that it advanced the rent of houses ia 
her neighbourhood, where she was the common ari>i- 
tress of controversies, which she decided with great 
sagacity and judgment, and prevented many tedious 
and expensive law-suits. She died the 12th of April 
1678, at the age of fifty-three. 
Dr. Anthony Walker preached a sermon^ at her 

* Biog.Hist. vol.iv. p. 166. 

* Meaning thereby, says Dr. Waltor, that he had givcD it to 
this noble lady, who would so convert it. Sermon, p. 99. 

« Entitled <« ErPHKA EYPHKA, The virtuous WonuB 
found, her Loss bewailed, and Character eiemplified; in a 8cf* 
mon preached at Felsted in Essex, Apr. 30, 1678, at the fnao 
ral of that most excellent Lady, and eminently rcUgkNiS sad 
charitable Mary, Countess Dowager of Warwick, tlie most J^ 
lustrious Pattern of sincere Piety and solid Goodnen tbis Afi 
hath produced; with so lai^ge Additions as may be itiled tk 
Life of that noble Lady: by A. Walker, D.D» Rector of 1)^* 
field." Lond. 1678, 8vo. Her ladyship's character was tko 
epitomized by the same preacher in a funeral disooune fmktf 
husband, 167$. 



COUNTESS OP WARWICK. 215 

ladyship's funeral^ which speaks of her as '^ truly ex- 
odlent^ and great in all respects ; great in the honour 
of her birth, being bom a lady and a virtuosa both : 
great by her marriage into a noble family ; great by her 
tongue, for never woman used one better, speaking so 
gracefully, promptly, discreetly, pertinently, holily; 
great by her pen, as you may discover by that little 
taste of it, the world hath been happy in, the hasty 
ihiit of one or two interrupted hours after supper; 
great by being the greatest mistress and promotress, 
not to say the foundress and inventress of a new 
science — the art of obliging! in which she attained 
that sovereign perfection, that she reigned over all their 
hearts with whom she did converse; great in the un- 
paralleled sincerity of constant, faithfull, condescend- 
ing friendship, and for that love of kindness which 
dwelt in her lips and heart ^.'' 

The earl of Berkeley inscribed bis Historical Appli- 
cations to this countess of Warwick, under the title 
of the lady Harmonia^; and by the same lady was 
addressed '^ a most pious letter ^ to the author,^' of 
which the following sage advice makes a part : 

'^ I would desire you to be as chearfull as you can^ 

* See Dr. Walker's Sermoo, p. 49 ; Clarke's Lives, p. x6S; 
or the Oxford Cabinet, p. 47. 

* This lady, he says, had a sovereign power over him, and 
was ideated to encourage him to write religious meditations. 

' Printed at the end of Dr. Walker's Sermon, and of lord 
Berinley's book ; for possessing a copy of which the editor is 
indebted to the liberality of Mr. Brand, who so ably and respect- 
ably fills the office of secretary to the London Society of An* 
tiqpiariet. 

p4 



2l6 COUNTESS OP WARWldK. 

and to that purpose I would recommend to you thai 
gaiety of goodness that will make you most pleasing 
to your self and others. And now, my lord, as yoot 
friend, you must give me leave to give you not onel5 
good counsel, but my own experiences too, (likenur*^ 
who feed their children with nothing but what ib^ 
have first themselves digested into milk) and to assi^"*^ 
vou, that however the devil and wicked men may pe*^' 
swade you that religion will make you melancholic ^> 
yet I can assert from my own experience, that nothir"^6 
can give you that comfort, serenity, and composedn< 
of mind, as a well and orderly led life. This will 
you from all those sad disquieting remorses and checl-^^ 
of conscience which follow an ill action, and giveyc^ *■* 
that peace of God that passes all understanding, aa ^ 
that continual feast of a good conscience. This wi ^1 
calm your desires and quiet your wishes, so as yo 
•hall find the consolations of God are not small. Yo 
will find you have made a happy exchange, havins 
gold for brass, and pearls for pebbles. For truly, m; 
lord, I am upon trial convinced, that all the pleasuie^- "* 
of this world are not satisfactory. We expect a grea^^^ 
deal more from them than we find : for pleasures die ii 
their birth ; and therefore, as bishop Hall says, 
not worthy to come into the bills of mortality, t mat 
confess for my own part, though I had as thuch 
most people in this kingdom to please me, and saw 
in all the glories of the dourt ; and was both yoan| 
and vain enough to endeavour having my share in a! 
the vanities thereof; yet I never found they satisl 






COUNTESS OP WARWICK. 21? 

tne: God having given me a nature uncapable of sa- 
tisfaction in any thing below the highest excellency .'* 

To the funeral discourse of Dr. Walker were sub- 
joined 

** Occasional Meditations upon sundry Subjects : 
with pious Reflections upon several Scriptures. By 
the Right Honourable Mary, late Countess Dowager 
of Warwick." Lond. 1678; 

The Meditations are thirteen, and the Reflections 
are twelve in number; and as the trivial occasions 
which gave rise to some of them might be liable to 
excite the sneer of immorality, or the scoff of irreli- 
gion^ if they were here detailed, the following extract 
is chosen as a corrective of so illaudable a propensity. 

** Meditation X. Upon a Person who had great 
Knowledge, and very quick but unsanctified Parts. 

*^ This person, who is in this very profane age, 
celebrated for a great wit, and is very acceptable to all 
his companions upon that account, does yet make so 
very ill use of those acute parts God hath been pleased 
to bestow upon him, that he improves them only to 
make jests> and to laugh at all that is either serious or 
sacred ; endeavouring as much as in him lies, to make 
all devotion be turned into ridicule: and so abuses all 
the knowledge that God hath bestowed upon him, 
80 contrary to the design for which it was given him, 
of glorifying his great Creator; that he only turns it 
against him, to his own final destruction, without re- 
pentance, using it as a torch to light himself to hell 
thereby. 

**OLord, I most humbly beseech thee, let this 



2J8 COUNTESS OP WABWICC. 

meditation make me chu3e to have a little sanctified 
knowledge^ by which I may inflame others with true 
zeal for thy glory; that I may by the little knowledge 
I have, be lighted to the regions of bliss^ whilst othen 
with their greater knowledge, devoid of graces go 
down to utter darkness/'] 



'219 



DENZIL, 
LORD HOLLES, 

A CHARACTER vcry unlikc the earl of Bris- 
tol's*: the one embraced a party with levity, 
and pursued it with passion ; the other took his 
part on reflection, and yet could wave it, though 
his passions were concerned. The courage 
of Digby blazed by choice; that of Holies 
burned by necessity ^. Through their life, the 
former acted from the impulse of great parts ; 
the latter, of common sense ; and in both, the 
event was what in those cases it generally is : 
Digby was unfortunate, and admired ; Holies 
was successful, and less renowned. 

On a strict disquisition into the conduct of the 
latter, he seems to have been a patriot both by 
principle and behaviour, and to have thoroughly 
understood the state of his country, and its re- 
lations with Europe, its dangers from royal 

• [Sec p. 191.] 

* A remarkable instance of his spirit was his challenging 
general Ireton, Who pleading ** that his conscience would not 
permit him to fight a duel;'* Hbllcs pulled him by the nose, 
telling him, ** That if his conscience would not let him give 
ledrcfs, it ought to prevent him from offering injuries." 



220 tOBD HdLLES. 

power, from usurpation, from anarchy, from 
popery, from the increase of the French em- 
pire. On every crisis I have mentioned, he 
acted an honest and uniform part. He early 
opposed the enormous exertion of the preroga- 
tive by Charles the first, and his ministers, car- 
rying up the impeachment against Laud, suffer- 
ing a severe imprisonment for his free spirit*, 
and being marked by the king in that wild at- 
tempt of accusing the five members. Yet he 
seems to have been one of the first alarmed at 
the designs of those who proposed to chastise, 
as well as to correct ; and who meaned to retain 
the power, as well as the office of punishment. 
At the treaty at Oxford, where he was one of 
the commissioners from the parliament, he ven- 
tured, in hopes of healing the distractions, to 
advise the king what to answer ; an employment 

^ [Mercer thus expressed his praise of Denzil HoUes: 
** Wise, holy Holles ; heaven let thee not £dl! 
Long may'st thou live, renowned for thy worth. 
Whose actions well become thy honoured birth: 
And thou who nin the hazard of thy blood 
For thy religion and thy countrey's good; 
Nor stood upon the losse of thy estatCf 
Nor greater dangers, nor the highest hate 
Thou could'st incurre, but constantly did'st stand 
To all these things, sign'd with thy heart and hand*'' 

AnglisBSpeculiim, 164^] 



LORD HOLLES. 221 

lat clashed a little with his trusty and in which 
is sagacity did not shine ; for though the king 
Jlowed his advice, it had no effect. How- 
ler, the intention seemed upright; and his so 
isily forgetting the personal injuries he had 
reived, reflects great honour to his memory, 
[e refused to act in the prosecution against lord 
trafFord, who was his brother-in-law, and 
^inst the bishops; yet he was esteemed the 
ead of the Presbyterian party ; and, in the 
Je of Wight, advised his majesty to give up 
piscopacy. The defects of his character seem 
5 have been, that his principles were aristo- 
ratic^ (demonstrated by all experience to be 
he most tyrannous species of government, and 
lever imbibed but by proud and self-interested 
nen) ; that his opposition to the army was too 
nuch founded on a personal enmity to Crom- 
irell ; and that he sat on the trial of the regi- 
ides, who, at worst, but chastivscd the faults 

^ It has been objected to me, that lord Holles's writings 
eem to argue for democracy; but it is certaiQ that the t^nor 
»f his conduct and of his memoirs was to oppose and revile the 
ow-bom and popular leaders, as soon as they had deprived his 
ordship and his associates of their ascendant in the common- 
vealth. It is in vain for a man to pretend to democratic prin- 
nples who prefers monarchy to the constant, natural, and ncces- 
>ary consequences of a democracy. 



222 LORD HOLLB8. 

which his lordship had pointed out*. LonC- -" 
Holies acted zealously for the Restoration ; and 
while the dawn of the king's reign was un* 
clouded^ accepted employments and embas^es 
from the crown^ consistent with liis honour and 
duty to his country. As soon as the Catholic 
rudder was uncovered, he again reverted to 
patriot opposition. When sir William Temple's 
privy-council was established^ lord Holies, 
though eighty- two, yet never thinking himself 
past serving his country, accepted a place in it; 
but died soon after. 

When he was an exile in France, he wrote 
^' Memoirs of Denzil Lord Holies, Baron of 
Ifield in Sussex, from the year 1641 to 1648.** 
Published in ] 6qq, 8vo. 

They are little more than the apology for his 
own conduct, and a virulent satire on his adver- 
saries. The extraordinary wording of the dedi- 
cation takes off all hopes of impartialitjr. It is 
addressed "To the unparallePd couple, Mr. 
Oliver St. John, his majesty's soUicitor-general, 
and Mr. Oliver Cromwel, the parliament's ^ 

^ [^ Did they not vtolenUy turn out a legal cttaWiihmwff 
ttja Mr. Colcy ** and exercise a tyranny equal, if not fapcriof! 
to that they chattifed?" And has not Mich been the 
we may add, of all those revolutionary detpotSy who hue 
to temporary elevation upon the ruins of cadi other?] 



LORD HOLLES. 223 

ieutenant-general^ the two grand designers 
rfthe ruin of three kingdoms^," Much tem- 
per was not to be expected from an exile in 
I religious and civil war. From the extreme 
jood sense of his lordship*s speeches and letters^ 
Dne should not have expected that weak attempt 
to blast Cromwell for a coward. How a judica- 
tory in the Temple of Fame would laugh at 
such witnesses as a major-general Crawford 
md a colonel Dalbier® ! Caesar and Cromwell are 
not amenable to a commission of oyer and ter- 
miner. 

There are published^ besides, 

" Two Letters to the Earl of Strafford^;" 
published among the Strafford papers. 

" A Speech in behalf of Sir Randal Crew *,'* 



' [This dedication is dated from St. Mere Eglide, in Nor- 
inandy» 14 Feb. 16489 but is preceded by another to his grace 
John, duke of Newcastle^ &c. which bears date Mar. a8» 
1699; drawn up probably by the publisher; who was induced 
•o to inscribe these papers because lord Holies was great uncle 
to the duke> who had ordered a stately monument to be 
erected at Dorchester to his memory; and the dedicator 
thought his grace's name ought to be inscribed on the literary 
monument which lord Holies had left of himself.] 

' Two obscure men, whom lord Holies quotes to prove in^, 
itances of Cromwell's want of spirit. 

* Vide that Collection, and Collinses Historical Account of 
fkk Families of Cavendish, Holies, Sec. p. zoo. 

" Printed in the Diurnal Occurrences, p. »6z; and in CoK 
liniy p. zzz. 



224 LORD HOLLES. 

who had been chief-justice of the KingVbencli, 
but was removed for delivering his opinion 
against loan-money. 

" Another ','* very good. 

** Speech in Parliament, January 3 J, l642, 
upon the poor Tradesmen's petition *.'' 

" Speech at the Lords' Bar, January 31, 
1 642^ upon the Impeachment of the Earls of 
Northampton, Devonshire, Monmouth, &c, ^T 

" Speech in the Guildhall ^" 

*' His Speech as Chairman of the Committee 
on the Restoration '." 

*^ A fine Letter to Monsieur Van Benninghen 
(who had been an Ambassador in England from 
Holland) to prorpote an Union against France*.** 

" A Letter from Paris to Sir William Mor- 
rice. Secretary of State ^." 

" His Remains," 
being a second letter to a friend, concerning 
the judicature of the bishops in parliament -■ 
1682 ^ 



' Ibid. 

* Catalogue of the Middle Temple Library, p. 4^1. 

* Ibid. p. 491. 

* Ibid. p*493. 

' Commons Journal, toI. x. p. 49. 
' Printed originally in quarto, and in Collins, ubisu; 

p. 153. [See extract from it, at p. aa6.] 

* Ibid, p.X59. 

* Biog. vol. iv. p. 265X. 



LOBD HOLLKS. 215 

' ^' CriOid • Que^tioiid canceming the Judicature 
<yf the ifibuse of Peers stated ^.'^ 

"'** A Pamphlet," 
Sn vindication of some French gentlemen felseiy 
accused of a robbery *. 



[Denzilj lord Holies^ second son of John, the first 
earl of Clare^ was one of the most distinguished of the 
popular leaders in the reign of Charles the first. His 
courage, which was ver}' extraordinary, was constitur 
tTonal* His patriotism, which was as extraordinary 
and as active as his courage, seemed to proceed from 
as fixed a principle. In the part which he acted 
against Charles, with whom he had before lived in 
great intimacy, he appears not to have been influenced 
by personal hatred, party animosity, or the common 
moUves of interest and ambition. He acted from a 
much nobler motive than any of these— an inviolable 
attachment to the liberties of his country. He was 
greatly alarmed upon seeing Cromwell at the head of 
the Independents, and Cromwell was little less 
alarmed at seeing so able a chief at the head of the 

^ I have met with this title no where but in the Harl. Catal. 
vol«iv. p. 771. [Perhaps this may have been similar to the 
following tract which occurs in the Bridgewater library, and, 
according to a manuscript note, was supposed to be written by 
tlae lord HoUes: «The Case stated," Sec 16751 lamo.] 

'* Biogr. vol. iv. p. 2649. 

VOL. III. a 



226 rORD HOLLES. 

PresbyteriaDs. He was by the independent factum 
impeached of high-treason^ which occasioned his emi* 
gration to France. He was employed in several em- 
bassies after the restoration, when he retained the 
same jealousy for liberty, and refused the insidious 
presents offered him by Louis the fourteenth^ with ai 
much disdain as he had before refused ^5000 offered 
him by the parliament to indemnify him for his losses 
in the civil war^. 

A stately tomb was erected to his memory by John, 
duke of Newcastle, " to eternize his name and ho- 
nour." The monumental inscription is printed in 
Collins's Historical Collections ; where may be seen 
the memorable letter from lord Holies to the Dntclr 
ambassador, printed also by Kennet, and deserving, 
as Strype conceived, '^ to be set in golden characters, 
and preserved to all posterity ^.'^ A very small portion 
of this only can here be introduced ; which consists 
of the introductory paragraph, and a definition of the 
government of England* 

''The great conclusion Solomon made finom aD 
those wise reflections of his, upon things under the 
sun, is ' Fear God and keep his commandmentS| for 
' this is the whole of man ;' his whole business, 
and his whole excellency : and therefore you and I 
shall always agree, that our first and great duty is the 
love and service of our great Lord ; and the second is 
like unto it, the love and service of our country. But, 

» Granger's Biog. Hist Tol.iii. p. %%u 
* See Collins, p. 15 a. 



LORD HOLLES. 227 

as the ciftimisUaceB of our times are, these thmgs 
can hardly be separated or distinguished, but are in- 
*claded one in the other 5 so that he which serves his 
country, must needs at the same time serve God. 

'* England is a government compounded and mist 
of the three principal kinds of government; a king, 
who is a sovereign, qualified, and limited prince; and 
the three estates, who are the lords spiritual and tem- 
poral, compounding the aristocratical part of the go« 
vemment ; and the commons in parliament, with an 
absolute delegated power, making the democratical 
part. The legislative authority is in the king and the 
three estates; the power of levying money in the com- 
mons ; and the executive power in the king, but to be 
administered by ministers sworn and qualified ; which 
is the reason of those two grand maxims in the law of 
Ei^land : first, that the king of England is always a 
minor ; and secondly, that he can do no wrong. Now 
the foundation this government was first built and 
stood upon, was the balance of lands ; and England 
being a kingdom of territory, not of trade, it always 
was and ever will be true, that the balance of lands is 
the balance of government ; and this maxim of the 
balance is to the politicks, what the compass is to na- 
^gators, the circulation of blood to physicians, guns 
to an army, and printing to learning/' 

In the Harl. MSS. 2305 and 7010, some of his 
letters occur. 

A Speech at the Delivery of the Protestation, 
May 4, 1641 ; another concerning the Settling of the 
Queen of Bohemia, July 9, 1641 ; a third upon the 

a2 



228 XORD HOLLBS. 

Delivery of a Message from die House of Comrnottfi 
concerning the poor Tradesmen's Petition, January 3I1 
1642; and a fourth^ upon the Impeachment of the 
earls of Northampton, Devonshire, Monmouth, lo^ 
Devon ; were printed at the time in 4to.] 



229 



HENRY PIERREPOINT, 
MARQUIS OF DORCHESTER, 

Appbarbd but little in the character of an 
author, though he seems to have had as great 
foundation for being so, as any on the list* He 
studied ten or twelve hours a day for many 
years*; was admitted a bencher of Gray's Inn 
for his knowledge of the law, and fellow of 
the college of physicians ^ for liis proficience in 
medicine and anatomy. 
V Republished 

*^ A Speech spoken in the House of Lords 
concerning the Right of Bishops to sit in Par- 
liament, May 2 J , 1 64 1 ." 

^' Another, concerning the Lawfulness and 
Cpnyeniency of their intermeddling in temporal 
Affairs, May24, l641." 

• • • ■ . : 

^ " Speech to the Trained-bands of Notting-. 
Ilaaishire, at Newark, July 13, 1641V' ^ 



• Wood*8 Fasti, vol. ii. p. 22. 
:.' [Dr.Lort says. he left his library to this collcgey contain- 
ipg a remarkably good collection of civil law books; the 
catalogue of which has been published. tVood calls him the 
pride and glory of the college.J 

o3 



230 MAfiaUIS OF DORCHESTER. 

*' Letter to John Lord Roos, Febroary 25, 
1659." 

This lord was son-in-law of the marquis, and 
was then prosecuting a divorce from his wife for 
adultery ^ Wood says, that this lord R006 
(afterwards duke of Rutland), assisted by Sa- 
muel Butler, returned a buffoon answer, to 
which the marquis replied with another psqper 
entitled 

**The Reasons why the Marquis of Dor- 
chester printed his Letter ; together with his 
Answer to a printed Paper, called A true aad 
perfect Copy of the Lord Roos his Answer to 
the Marquis of Dorchester's Letter." 

Wood adds, '^ He, the said marquis, bath^ 
as it is probable, other things extant, or at least 
fit to be printed, which I have not yet seen*" 



[Henry, eldest son of the first, and, as be was 
usually called, ^' the good earl of Kingston^,*' was 
bora in 1606, had his education in Emanael college, 
Cambridge, and afterwards, says Wood, was a haid 
student, and esteemed a learaed man, as bdng well 

* [See a lar^ account, touching the dhrorce bet w een lonl 
Roos and his lady, in the continuation of loni Clirmdtwi't 
Life, Tol. iii.J 

ft CoUins's Peerage, toL 5« p. 77. 



MABaUIS OF D0RCHB8TBB. 231 

Ktd in the fiuhers^ schoolmen^ casuists, the civil and 
common law, &c. On the breaking out of the civil 
war he adhered to Charles the first, attended him in 
bis garrison at Oxford, and other places, as one of his 
privy- council; and for his semces was created mar- 
quis of Dorchester in 1645. He survived the usurpa- 
tion, and died at his house in Charterhouse-yard, 
London, December 8, i68o. 

Collins speaks of his lordship as a person of great 
learning, and generally esteemed. He also cites a 
remarkable dedication to lord Dorchester before a 
small treatise printed in 1662, and entitled Judge 
Rumsey's Instructions to cleanse the Stomach, &c. 
The extract is curiously bombastic ^: 

*'As Apollo among the planets, so we may say 
yodr lordship is among the peers ; in the vast firma- 
ment of learning, you outshine them all. And un- 
derstanding that among other scientifical speculations, 
your lordship hath been addicted to the study of phy* 
sic (wherein you have made such an admirable pro- 
gress, that you have attained not only the theory but 

' * Not less fentastical is the compliment of Herrick, which 
gave to his lordship a Meduaean power of .vision in his address 
to this ykimus beroum : 

As in ** time past, when Cato the severe 

Entred the circumspacious theater; 

In reverence of his person, every one 

Stood as he had been tumM Irom flesh to stone: 

E'ne so my nmnbers win astonisht be 

If but lookt 00; stmck dead, if scan'd by thee." 

a 4 



j3'2 ^ARaUIS OF DOIlCUBSTBBi^ 

the ptactice thereoQ I am bold' to dedicate thif fmi) 
piece to your lordship^ wherein tb^re are diyeri^ jncw 
pbysical experiments for the univonal he^th of Wfir 
kind ; therefore I presume no discerning K^i^ wiH 
adjudge this address to be improper."^ 
. Sir Robert Stapylton undertook his yersigii of Jo* 
venal in obedience to the command of lord Dorchester) 
whom he thus panegyrises : 

<' If my abilities coaU have reAcbed' the be^tyoF 
my ambition, I would have dedicated^ out of thi 
learning of the Greeks apd RpoiiaQS (wherein, youf 
lordship is so great a master) not my interpretatiefti of 
another, but some worke that should have Qwned-gi^ 
for the author, and treated of such subjects ag j^mr 
lordship daily reads: but it shall be happineise enough 
for me, after the learned authors of scieikceis^ iU[id'cpm« 
mentators upon lawes, have taken up your ioom re* 
served time, if my author may entertain your boumdf 
repreation ; which I would not promised to myself, but 
that he delights with profit. For your lordship's di- 
yerlisements are more serious then m6st n>en4 atudiet } 
your very mirth being observations upon men and bu<- 
finesse, which your lordship know^s was tbe.eqd.tlut 
Juvenal aimed at." 

Howel, in a remarkable letter to this nobleman, 're<^ 
specting the ' political character of queen £fhtobetb, 
compliments hin^.also as ^' a fttar of the first magni- 
tude,"; and proceeds to say^ '^ Your hous^ may be 
called a true academy, and your bead ibe joiflital of 
knowledge, or rather an exchequer, vl^herein there is a 



MARQUIS OP DORCHESTER. 233 

Ireafure enough to give pensions to all the mts of the 
times •." 

"Wood notices an el^ on this noble and generous 
niarquls by John Crouch^ some time his domestic 
servant ; which being too large for insertion^ he omit- 
Xed ; and which now perhaps will be sought in vain^ 

the marquis's publications have been '•] 



* Familiar Letteriy p*465f edit. 1737. 

9 In the Clarendon State Papers, vol. ii. p. xxxiv. there is a 
curious potitical relique from lord Dorchester, to sir Robert 
Anttmthert dated Whitehall, Oct. 16, 1631. 



234 



JOHN WILMOT, 
EARL OF ROCHESTER, 

A MAN whom the muses were fond to inspire, 
and ashamed to avow, and who practised, with- 
out the least reserve, that secret which can make 
verses more read for their defects than for their 
merits: the art is neither commendable nor 
difficult. Moralists proclaim loudly that there 
18 no wit in indecency : it is very true. Inde- 
cencr^ is far from conferring wit ; but it does not 
destroy it neither. Lord Rochester's poems 
have much more obscenity than wit, more wit 
than poetry, more poetry than politeness. One 
is amazed at hearing the age of Charles the se- 
cond called polite. Because the Presbyterians 
and religionists had affected to call every thing 
by a scripture name, the new court afl^cted to 
call every thing by its own name. That court 
had no pretensions to politeness, but by its re- 
semblance to another age, which called its own 
grossness polite; the age of Aristophanes. 
Would a Scythian have been civilized by the 
Athenian stage, or a Hottentot by the drawing- 
room of Charles the second ? The diaracteis 
and anecdotes being forgot, the state-poems of 



* > ■ 



■ • 1 



I 



<i*l 

h 




loilN Wll:iMOTT, 



JOHK^ EABL OP ROCHESTEB. 235 

that time are a heap of senseless ribaldry^ 
scarcely in rhime^ and more seldom in metre. 
When Satyrs were brought to court, no wonder 
the Graces would not trust themselves there. 

The writings of this noble and beautifid 
count, as Anthony Wood^ calls him (for his 
lordship's vices were among the fruits of the 
Restoration, and consequently not unlovely in 
that biographer's eyes), in the order they were 
published, at least as they are ranged by that 
author, were 

'^ A Satire against Mankind," 
printed in one sheet in folio, June 167Q : it is 
more than an imitation of Boileau'. One 
Griffith a minister wrote against it. We are 
told that Andrew Marvel used to say, " that 
Rochester was the only man in England who 
had the true vein of satire;" a very wrong 
judgment: indelicacy does not spoil flattery 
more than -it does satire. 

" On Nothing, a Poem ^" 

* Athen. Oxon. vol. ii. p* 655. 

i [« Whatever giant Boileau may be in his own country/' 
«ay8 the publisher's preface of i7io» " he seems little more 
thin a man of straw with my lord Rochester: he gives us a 
•trengthy a spiriti and manly vigour, which the French are 
litter strangers to.''] 

. ^ [This poem is characterised by Dr. Johnson as the strong- 
est effort of bis lordship's muse: Dr. Anderson adds, that it 
displays an adminble fertility of invention on a barren topic 1 



236 JOHK^ SARL OP BOCHXSTBK'. 

Printed on one side of a sheiet of paper in two 
columns,— 

" Poems on several Occasions/* 

m 

Antwerp^ (Lond.) 168O, 8vo*^ AaKng Un 
poems are some by other hands, fidsely. imputed 
to him. The Ramble in St. James*s Park, ms 
daimed by one Alexander Radclifie of Gtkfi 
Inn ^. It seems his lordship, when dying, hai 
ordered all his immoral writings to be hanxii 
but the age was not without its Curls to pre- 
serve such treasures ! 

" A Letter '' on his death-bed to Dr. Bur- 
net'." Lond. 168O, one sheet folio. 

* [^ This first edition was published io the year of hit de>th| 
with an air of concealment^" says Dr. Johnson, ** pro fes « ngm 
the title-pAge to be printed at Antwerp.'' It was reprinted at 
Londoni in 16859 and the author was adumbrated at ''a late 
person of honour."] 

' [Who printed it in i682> with other metrical levities, and 
inscribed the volume to James, lord Annesly.] 

' [This palinodia, says Aubrey, he sent for all hit terantl 
into his room to come and hear. MSB. in Mut. Aihrn.] 

' [Bishop Burnet published Some Passages of the Life and 
Death of John Earl of Rochester ; a bopk, says Pi. Johnsoot 
** which the critig ought to read for its elegance, the philofo* 
pher for its argumentS| and the saint for its piety.** lives of 
the Poets. An abstractfrom the bishop's remarks was printed 
for popular perusal, and called The libertine ovothrown ; or 
a Mirror for Atheists: containing a compendious Aocomit of 
the egregious vicious Life, and eminently and smceitly penitenl 
Death of that great Statesman, eminent Poety and kmed 
Schohr^ John Earl of Rochester. 2 



JOaX, BARL OF ROCHESTBX^ S37 

'..',' ^ Vdoitihian^ a Tragedy of John Fletdier, 
as it is altered by the late Earl of Rodiester/* 
and acted at the Theatre-royal in Drury^lane. 
LuicL l685, 4to. There is a large prefisioe and 
encomium on the author and his writings by 
Mir. Wolseley. 

*^ Poems, &c. on several Occasions, with Va- 
^tinian, a Tragedy/' Lond. 1691, 8vo.^ 
To this edition are prefixed, " Poems on the 
Death of the Earl," &c. Under the earl's 
name are printed several pieces in *^ A Collect 
tion of Poems by several Hands, &c/* Lond. 
lOgSf 8vo. As also, 

" A Translation from Horace ;" 
in Examen Poeticum ; the third part of Mis- 
DdUany Poems, &c. Lond. 1693^. 
, ^^ A Song, in Imitation of Sir John Eaton^a 

And in the Annual Miscellany for the year 
16^, being the fourth part of Miscellany 
iPoems, &c. Lond. Bvo. are ascribed to lord Ro* 
Chester, 

^^ A L3nric, imitated from Cornelius Gallus; 
Appllo's Grief for having killed Hyacinth by A&p 
cident, in Imitation of Ovid; and a Song/* 



t :* CAgdn hi 1709 ami 1710; and hit Rematiif in t^ia.] 
* Page a6i. 
' Jbp p. 4S4* 



238 JOBS, BARL OF SOCHSSTBB. 

^^ A Lampoon on the Lord Mulgrave,** M 
to be in Mr. Sheldon's library, MS. 

^' On the supposed Author of a late Fbemin 
Defi^oe of Satire, with Rochester's Answer." 
MS. ^ 

" The Works of the Earls of Rodiester, 
Roscommon, Dorset, &c." 
two volumes in one, Lond. 1718> without any 
name of printer^. 

'^ Fifty-four Letters to Henry Saville and 

others ^." 

** Seven more to his Wife and Son ^.'* 
'^ Another in the Literary Magazine for Ja- 
nuary 1758^*• 

. He left besides, with several other papers (as 
the late lord Bolingbroke has said), a histoiy of 
the intrigues of the court of Charles the second, 
in a series of letters to his friend Henry Saville; 

^ [Sir Winiam MuagraTCyiii his Advemria, voLL dtct *A 
manuscript Ballad by the Earl of Rodietter, in the Bolitrode 
library."] 

* It was printed by CurL 

* Vide CoUecticni of Letters, vol.iL published byDodde^ 
1755. [These were pabliihed by T. Brown, in X697, with 
fiuniliar letters by several other persons of honour and qoalitf S 
and a aeoond Tolume was announced in continuatiomj 

' Whartoniana^ toI. IL p. x6x« 

' [Another to Dr. Petrce, is printed in Seward's Aocodfllc^ 
tol. ▼. fibm the Bodleian library.] 






JOHN, SAKL OP ROCH£STBR. 339 

but upon the earFs death, his mother, a very 
devout lady of the &mily of St. John, ordered 
aH his papers to be burned. 



[Henry, lord Wilmot, so often mentioned by Cla* 
itndon as instrumental in the preservation of Charles 
the second, after the battle of Worcester, was father 
to John, second earl of Rochester, who was bom in 
1648, and entered at Wadham coll^, Oxford, in 
1659. He travelled afterwards into France and Italy ; 
and at his return devoted himself to the debauched 
court of our second Charles, where his natural pro- 
pensities to dissolute mirth were not likely to be curbed 
or cured. In 1665 he went to sea under the earl of 
Sandwich, and acquired a high reputation for cou- 
rage, which he afterwards lost in an adventure with 
the duke of Buckingham, who called him to an ac* 
count for some words too freely spoken; Wilmot ac- 
c^ted the challenge, but kept not the appointment. 
His repute for wit, however, hindered him from to* 
tally sinking in the estimation of the world, until his 
intemperance degraded him below brutality, and wore 
oat an excellent constitution before be had completed 
his thirty-second year, dying of premature old age in 
July t68o; and thus, says our moral biographer, ** in 
a course of drunken gaiety and gross sensuality, with 
intervals of study perhaps yet more criminal; with an 
avowed contempt of all decency and order, a total 
disrc^gard to every moral, and a resolute denial of every 



1U0 JO«n, MAMti 6p HOCRE01^; 



rtlagiotii oUigaiion, he Jived worthiest tad melatCy: 
aad biased out bis youth and his health in Inmh to- 
luptuousness. Yet the glare of his general duracttr 
diffused itself upon his writings; and the composatiofis 
of a man whose name was heard so often, were 
certain of attention, and from many readers cer- 
tain of applause V Dr. Anderson judicioosly oh* 
serves, that the blaze of reputation which ford So^ 
Chester's character diffused on what he wrote, if it be 
not extinguished, is fast wearing away; for impartial 
criticism warrants no distinction beyond that which 
genius bestows 3. 

' Mr. Reed seems a little incredulous on the sobject 
of lord Rochester's repentance, and thinks his fViend 
the bishop made the most of the aflfair in his acooont 
of the conversion of this illustrious profligate^. The 
following however was printed as his dj^ng remon- 
strance, in the funeral sermon of' his chaplain Robert 
Persons, M. A. 1680 : 

' ^^ For the benefit of all those whom I have drawn 
into sin by my example and encouragement, I leave 
to the world this my last declaration, which I deliver 
In the presence of the great GrOD, who knows the 
secrets of all hearts, and before whom I am now ap- 
pearing to be judged: that from the bottom of my 
Boul I detest and abhor the whole cotine of my former 
wicked life; that I think I can never sufficiently ad- 
mire the goodness of God, who has given me i true 

* Joboson'i Lives of the Poeta^ toL u 

* Brit. PoetSy vol. yi. p* 398. 

* Biog.Dram. toL L p* 471. 



JOHK^ BARL OF ROCHESTJBB. 241 

of my perntcioiis opinions and vile practices, by 
wbich I have hitherto lived without hope and without 
Goo in the world; have been an open enemy to Jeaus 
Christy doing the utmost despite to the Holy Spirit of 
Grace* And that the greatest testimony of my cha« 
rity to such is, to warn them in the name of Goo, 
and as they r^ard the welfare of their immortal souls, 
no more to deny his being or his providence, or despise 
his goodness ; no more to make a mock of sin, or con- 
temn the pure and excellent religion of my ever blessed 
Redeemer, through whose merits alone, I, one of 
the greatest of sinners, do yet hope for mercy and 
ibiyiveness* Amen. 

'^ J. Rochester^. 

*^ Declared and signed in the presence of 
^^ Am NE Rochester, 
*< Robert Parsons, June 19, 1680/' 

* Flatman, in his stanzas on lord Rochester's death, advcits 
to this imprestlTe renunciation of the repentant peer: 
As on his death-bed gasping, Strephon lay, 
Strcphon I the wonder of the plains. 
The noblest of th' Arcadian swains, 
Strephonl the bold, the witter, and the gay, 
WUh many a sigh and many a tear he said — 
** Remember me, ye shepherds, when I 'm dead i 

** Ye trifling glories of the world adieu! 

And vaio applauses of the age; 

For when we quit this earthly stage, 
Befieve mc shepherds, for I tell you trye. 

The pleasures which from virtuous decdi-we hgfe, 

Arocucc the sweetest slumbers in the gr^Te.*' 

Flatman's Poems, i^Ht p- 174. 

TOO.. 1X1. H 



242 JOHX^ EARL OF ROCHESTEE. 

As a specimen of his lordship's epistolary vctiit die 
following being more decorous though less jocofe Um 
most of his letters^ is inserted : 

" To the honourable Mr. Henry Savile. • 
' '' T is not the least of my happiness, that I tbiMc 
you love me^ but the first of all my pretension^'is to 
make it appear that I faithfully endeavour to deserve tt« 
If there be a real good upon earthy 't is in the name 
of friend; without which^ all others are merely fantas- 
tical. How few of us are fit stuff to make that thing* 
we have daily the melancholly experience. However^ 
dear Harry, let us not give out^ nor despair of bring- 
ing that about, which as it is the most difficult and 
rare accident of life^ is also the best^ nay perhaps^ the 
only good one. 

** This thought has so entirely possest me since I 
came into the country, where, only, one can thinky 
(for you at court think not at ail ; or, at leasts ts if 
yoii were shut up in a druui^ you can think of nothing 
but the noise that is made about you) that I have made 
many serious reflections upon it^ and amoi^t otherSi 
gathered one maxime, which I desire should be com- 
municated to our fnend Mr. G. that we are bomid m 
morality and common honesty to endeavour after com* 
petent riches; since it is certain that few men^ if any, 
uneasic in their fortunes, have proved firm and clear io 
their friendships. A very poor fellow is a very poor 
friend, and not one of a thousand cap be good-natur'd 
to another^ who is not pleased within himself. 

*^ But while I grow into proverbs^ I forget that yoo 
may impute my philosophy to the dc^-days^ and 



JORN^ EARL OF ROCHESTER. 243 

livtng^ alone. To prevent the inconveniences of soli- 
tude and many otbersi^* I intend to go to the Bath on 
Sunday next^ in visitation to my lord. treasurer. Be so 
politick or be so kind^ (or a little of both which is 
belter^) as to step down thither^ if famous affairs at 
Windsor do not detain you* 
''Dear Harry, lam 

** Your hearty, faithful, affectionate 
'^ Humble servant, 

" Rochester ^." 

In the Harl. MS. 7003, occur several original let- 
ters from the earl of Rochester to his lady, his mother, 
his son, and Harry Savile, but none more fit for publi- 
cation than the preceding. 

In the same manuscript is the earl's letter to bishop 
Burnet, as he lay on his death-bed at his lodge in 
Woodstock Park, June the 25th, 1680, at twelve at 
night : and an attestation, signed Wm. Thomas, of 
lord Rochester's conduct at a conference on that occa- 
^ta. Mr. Seward relates, that (according to Au- 
brey) his lordship sent for ail his servants, not except- 
ing his Cowherd, to his bedside, when he made his so- 
lemn recantation of his former life and opinions ; and 
adds, that during his last illness he often eltclaimed, 
<<Mr. Hobbes and the philosophers have been my 
ruin :'' then putting his hand upon a large bible, which 
lay beside him, he cried out with great rapture^ 
"This, this, is the true philosophy 7!" 

* Familiar Letters, p. 33. 

^ Biographiana, vol. ii. p. 509. 

r2 



244 JOny, EARL OF moeHSSTSB. 

A 8lu>rt lyric poem ukeo froflft Biticm^s Andmlogy S 
aiid another from his coUectioo of Eiiglish 8aoffl^$ 
may afford the mott pleasing and least exoqitionabk 
extracts from this lord's liccAlious productionsi which 
ioo forcibly warrant the sentence of outlaiirry ihM 
decorum and taste have passed upon iheou 



SONG. 

" Insulting beauty, you mbpend 
Those frowns upon your slave j 
Your scorn against such rebels bend 
Who dare with confidence pretend^ 
That other eyes their hearts defend^ 
From all the charms you have. 

" Your conq*ring eyes so partial are. 

Or mankind is so dull« 
That, while I languish in despair. 
Many proud senseless hearts dedare 
They find you not so killing fair 

To wish you merciful. 

" They an ioglorions fireedom boast i 

I triumph in my chain : 
Nor am I unreveng'd, though lost; 
Nor yon nppnnish'd, though unjust; 
When T alone, who love you most. 

Am kiU'd with your disdain.*' 

• VoL i. p. 130. 

* VoLL p. 309. 



JOHN, EARL OF ROCHESTER. 24 

SONG. 

*' My dear mislrest has a heart 

Soft as those kind looks she gave me> 
When vnih love's resistless art 

And her eyes, she did enslave roe -, 
But my constancy *s so weak. 

She *s so wild and apt to wander. 
That my jealous heart would break. 

Should we live one day asunder. 

'' Melting joys about her move. 

Killing {Measures, wounding blisses 5 
She can dress her eyes in love. 

And her lips can arm with kisses ; 
Angels listen when she speaks. 

She *s my delight, all mankind's wonder -, 
But my jealous heart would break. 

Should we live oae day asunder «."] 

[)r. Aikin has given a place to these stanzas in his sclectioD 
Mionate and Descriptive Songs. 



H 3 



246 



HENEAGE FINCH, 
EARL OF NOTTINGHAM. 

Few families have produced so many oon^der- 
able men as the house of Finch has in late 
reigns ; men who have owed their preferments 
to themselves, not to favour. The lord in 
question rose, through the great steps of the 
law, from solicitor to attorney-general, to lord- 
keeper, to lord-chancellor, to an earldom. 
Though employed in the most difficult part of 
the reign of Charles the second, his character 
remained untainted. Anthony Wood represents 
him as a great temporizer. He certainly nei- 
- ther offended the court nor the patriots*. Had 
he shown great partiality to the latter, there is 
no doubt but the king would have dismissed 
him, being by no means so dangerous a man as 
his predecessor Shaftesbury. That his complai- 
sance for the prerogative was not unbounded, 

* [Qa. Whether the following lines do not aUudc to tome 
secession 6om the parliament ? 

Ask me no more why little Fifub 
From parliament began to winch ? 
Since snch as dare to hawk at kings. 
Can easie clip a Finch's wings. 

Loyal Songs, toI. i. p. 41.} 




t 



Fhw Gunilie* Iovc f ^.-!. 
■•'iAp men us the i 

to Ibftne^Isei, ' ju;- 
lUttGou . rente, tfcr>. 
■1"', nn:r, ?(>bnir.r ,, s-.tui;! 
fc^Ki, !n iord- T..-,/i:lioj . 

W»F ft. - .^ 



hue \M . g.: 

H* aA/>«*i, en-, , 
IW Joutit iHrt i}^ ; 
him, fx-in^' by no ti, 
his pn rt(x;«Bor Sha.'i/ 
' 'anew for Uwt jirtrng^,- 

■fQtt. WfcrtWAcfilJ... ; 1, 



V't, not Tinbntm 




Heneage Pinch, 



EARL OP NOTTINGHAM. 247 

was manifest by the king being obliged to set 
the seal himself to the earl of Danby's pardon. 
The truth is, the earl of Nottingham was nei- 
ther violent nor timid. When he pronounced 
sentence on the lord viscount Stafford^ he did 
not scruple to say, " Who can doubt now that 
London was burned by the Papists?" Burnet 
calls this declaration indecent: if it was so to 
the unhappy convict, it was certainly no flattery 
to the predominant faction at court. This 
speech was reckoned the masterpiece of his elo- 
quence; and his eloquence was much celebrated. 
Burnet says 3, it was affected, laboured, and 
too constant on all occasions ; and that his lord- 
ship lived to find it much despised. The bishop 
allows his probity; and, in another place*^ 
speaks of him with the greatest encomiums. 
Dryden has drawn a beautiful character of him 
in his Absalom and Achitophel^, under the 

' Vol. L p. 365. 

* Preface to the second yolume of his History of the Reform- 
ation. 

» [This character is too honourable to be omitted here; 
thoDsfa not drawn, as lord Orford supposed, by Dryden, but 
hy his coadjutor Tate. 

** Our list of nobles next let Amri grace. 
Whose merits claim'd the Abethdin's high place; 
Who, with a loyalty that did excel, 
Brought all th' endowments of Achitophel. 

R4 



24S XARL OP KOTTISGHAK. 

name of Amri. Others ^ have caUed him ^' The 
English Cicero, the English Rosdua^** 

Pieces of his published, are 

^^ Several Speeches and Discoorses on the 
Trials of the Regicides, &c. I66O:** 
he was then solicitor-general. 

^^ Speeches to both Houses of Farliameot,** 
while lord-keeper and lord-chancellor^. 

^^ Speech at pronouncing Sentence on Wil- 
liam Lord Viscount Stafford, December 7f 
168O." 
Printed with the trial. 

Speech against the Bill of Elxdusion ^.^ 
Answers by his Majesty^s CoDunaiid to 
several Addresses presented to his Majesty at 






Socere was Amri, and not only knew. 
But Israel's sanctions into practice drew: 
Our laws that ifid a boundleu ocean secniy 
yfftrt coasted all» and £[rtliom'd all by him. 
No rabbin speaks, like bim, tbeir mystick acnse. 
So jnstf and with such charms of eloquenoe;. 
To whom the doable blessing does bdong. 
With Moses* inspirationy Aaron's tongue." 

Second Part of Abs. aad AddLj 

* Woody vol. ii. p. 719; where see the fbOowavg aooootof 
his works. 

f [In the years 16739 16759 26769 26789 and 2699. So^ 
Diet. ToL li, p. 161.] 

* Vide Buckingham't Work89 foL iL 



8ABI. OP NOTTIKGHAM. 240 

Hampton Courts May ^g, l68l.*' Lond. one 
sheet folio. 

*^ His Arguments upon a Decree in a Cause 
in the Howard Family; wherein the several 
Ways and Methods of limiting a Trust for a 
Term of Years are folly debated." Lond. 
1685^ nine sheets folio. 

His lordship left in manuscript 

*^ Chancery Reports." 



BB 



[This nobleman was the son of sir Heneage Fincb^ 
knight^ recorder of Lomlon; was bom in 162I9 edu- 
cated at Westminster school, and entered a gentleman 
commoner of Christ-church, Oxford, 1635. From 
thence he removed to the Inner Temple, >vhere^ by 
diligence and good parts, he became remarkable for his 
knowledge of the municipal laws', and passed through 
the legal ranks of barrister, bencher, treasurer, reader^ 
&c. At the restoration be was made a baronet, and suc- 
cessively attained the honours enumerated by lord Or- 
ford, and more circumstantially by Collins*. He 
officiated as lord- high-steward at the trial of viscoQnt 
Stafford, in 1680, was created earl of Nottingham in 
the following year, and died on December 18, 1682, 
worn out with the fatigues and solicitudes to which his 
high station and offices subjected him. 

* Biog. Diet. vol. vi. p. i6o» 

* See Pecnge, vol. liL p. 137, 4th edit. 



250 BABL OF NOTTINGHAM. 

The inscription on his monument reports him ^' a 
person of extraordinary natural endowmentSj and for 
manly and unaffected eloquence^ universal learning, 
uncorrupted justice^ indefatigable diligence^ most ex- 
emplary piety^ large and diffusive charity, not unequal 
to any that have gone before him ; and an eminent 
example to posterity/' &c. He served the king with 
great wisdom, honour, uprightness, and ability, treat- 
ing all men with meekness and affability, and always 
most ready and pleased to forgive injuries, valuing 
greatness as only ministering to him greater opportu- 
nities of doing good 3/' Bishop Burnet's estimate of 
his great parts and greater virtues^ falls but little short 
of this monumental record. 

In addition to the pieces mentioned by lord Orford^ 
the Biographical Dictionary specifies 

'^ An Argument on the Claim of the Crown to 
Pardon on Impeachment," printed in folio. 

Two speeches, and an official letter, occur among 
the Harleian MSS. but encouraged not transcription.] 

' Collins, «t sap. 




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251 



ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, 
EARL OF SHAFTESBURY. 

As lord Rochester was immersed only in the 
vices of that reign, his was an innocent cha- 
racter compared to those who were plunged in 
its crimes *. A great weight of the latter fell 
to the share of the lord in question, who had 
canted tyranny under Cromwell, practised it 
under Charles the second, and who had dis- 
graced the cause of liberty, by being the busi- 
^t instrument for it, when every other party 
had rejected him ^. It was the weakest vanity 

* [Lord Shaftesbury was twice committed to the Tower 
mdcr an accusation of treason. Soon after he was committed 
the second time, says sir Richard Bulstrode, I was assured 
finom a very good hand, that a petition was presented to the 
kiflgy in the name of this nobleman, wherein he prayed his 
fiberty» and offered to transport himself and family to Caro- 
fim: but hit petition was not received, or at least not answered. 
Mr. Seward informs us, that the character of Antonio, the old 
•enator, raving about plots and other things in Venice Preserved, 
it sepposed to have been intended to ridicule this eztraordi- 
mry personage. Anecd. vol. v. p. 54.] 
* [Dryden characterizes him in his well-known satire: 
** For close designs and crooked counsels fit, 

Sagidoas, bold, and turbulent of wit: 

Restless, unfizt in principles and place ; 

Inpow'mnpleas'd, impatient of disgrace. 



252 EARL OP SMAFTESBUKT. 

in him to brag that Cromwell would have imde 
him king: the best he could hope for was not tD 
be believed : if true^ it only proved that Qom- 
well took him fc»- a fool\ That he should 
have acted in the trials of the regicides was bat 
agreeable to his character— -or to his want of it ! 
Let us hasten to his works : he was rather a 
copious writer for faction, than an author; for 
in no light can one imagine that he wished to 
be remembered. 

^^ A Letter from Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, 
Thomas Scot^ J. Bemers, and J. Weaver^ Es- 
quires^ delivered to the Lord Fleetwood, own- 
ing their late Actions in endeavouring to secioe 

A fiery soaly which, working out its way » 

Fretted the pigmy-body to decay ; 

And o'cr-informM the tenement of day* 

A daring pilot in extremity; 

Pleased with the danger, when the wares went high; 

He sought the storms ; hut for a cahn unfit. 

Would steer too ni^ the sands to boast his wtt." 

Absalom and Adiitopbd.}- ^ 
* [Bishop Bnrn^iqHresents him as addicted to judicial air 
trology: but Mr. Seward thinks he used to talk oo that sub- 
ject before the bishap, merely to prevent his talking poliliost^ 
him. The writer of Essays philosophical and titenoryf hV 
passed a severe censure on Bttmefs ddioeitioo of laid Shaftes- 
bury's character, and scouts the ridiculous story as related by 
lord Orfordy which he says ooly piovest that if Cvoomdi took 
Shaftesbury for a £do1» he made a most egregious bfamdoE: j 



BARL OP 8HAFTB8BI7BY. 353 

the Tcywer of London^ and expostulatiiig his 
Lordriiip*8 Defection from his E^igagements 
unto the Parliament ;" 

printed in 1 659^ and mentioned in no catalogue 
of lord Shaftesbury's works. 

^' The fundamental Constitutions of Carolina/* 
London^ seven sheets folio; dated March 1^ 
1009^ 

<< A seasonable Speech made by Sir A. Ashley 
Cooper in the House of Commons^ 1659^ against 
the new Peers and Power of the House of 
Lords^" 

^^ Speech on Lord Treasurer Clifford taking 
his Oath in the Exchequer, December 5, 1672/* 

^* Several Speeches to both Houses at the 
Opening of the Parliament^ February 4 and 5, 
1672.- 

«« Speech to Serjeant Edward Thurland in the 
Exchequer-chamber, when he was made one of 
the Barons of the Exchequer, January 24, 

Reprinted in 1081, to show the author^s muta- 
bility ; it containing zealous ailments for the 
prerogative^ and a most &vourable character of 
the duke of York. 

• Vor the foUowing lift of his woik% Tide Wood, toI. ii. 

* Bncktngham^i Worki, vol. i. p. 3m* 



254 EABL OF 8BAFTB8BUBT* 

'^ Speech on the Lord Treasurer Osboiti 
taking his Oath in the Exchequer^ June 26, 

1673.'' 

^^ Speech in both Houses of Farfiamenty Oc- 
tober '27, 1673-" 

^^ Speech in the House of Lords^ October 20^ 
1675;' 

upon the debate for appointing a day to hear 
Dr. T. Shirley's case. 

*' Speech in the House of Lords^ Mardi 29^ 

1679;* 

upon occasion of the House resolving itself into 

a grand committee^ to consider the state of Eng- 
land. 

** Speech lately made by a noble Peer of the 
Realm^ November l680.'* 

This was never spoken, and was by order of 
the lords, burnt by the hands of the hangman. 
It flattered the Scots ; and was answered anony* 
mously in a pamphlet called, A Letter from 
Scotland, written occasionally upon the Speech 
made by a noble Peer of this Realm. 

^^ Two seasonable Discourses concerning this 
present Parliament.'* Oxon. (Lond.) l675,4to» 

The first discourse is entitled, 

" The Debate or Argument for dissolving this 
present P^liament, and the calling frequent and 
new Parliaments." 



EA&li OP SHAFTESBURY. 955 

The second, 

^' A Letter from a Parliament-man to bU 
Friend^ concerning the Proceedings of the 
House of Commons this last Session^ begun 
October 13, 1 67 5," 

Both were answered in a book called A Packet 
of Advices, Part I. 

** A Letter from a Person of Quality to his 
Friend in the Country, 1675/' 4to. 
published after the prorogation of parliament in 
November that year. It was written against the 
test *, and was answered by Marchmont Need- 
ham, in his Packet of Advices to the Men of 
/Shaftesbury. It is remarkable that this Need- 
ham, who, it is said, first wrote an abusive 
journal^ called Mercurius Pragmaticus, against 
the parliament, had afterwards been retained by 
the regicides to write against the royal family; 
and was now hired by the court to write against 
one who had been almost as deeply engaged 
i^gainst the king. 

^^ His Case at the King's-bench on his Con- 
finement in the Tower." Lond. 1679. 

^' Expedient for settling the Nation; dis- 
<ooursed with his Majesty in the House of Peers 

* Not what U nowcalkd the Test, but one in fiivour of pas- 
sive obedience. 



256 EARL OF SHAPTESBURT. 

at Oxford^ March 24, 168O/* LcMid. 166I, 
(Hie sheet 4to. 

The expedient was the settlement of the oowtt 
on the duke of Monmouth. 

" No Protestant Plot; or, the present pie- 
tended G)nspiracy of Protestants against the 
King's Government, discovered to be a Conspi- 
racy of Papists against the King and his Firotest- 
ant Subjects.** Lond. l68l. 
Of this. Lord Shaftesbury was not the avowed, 
but reputed author^. His servant, who carried 
it to the press, is said to have been conmiitted 

• [<< You tell ut," says Dryden» ** in the preface to * No Ro^ 
* testant Plot,' that you shall be found hereafter to leaTe off your 
modesty. I suppose you mean that title which is left yoo: hr 
it was worn all to rags when you put out die McdaL 1 hsie 
perused many of your papers, and to show you that I liaic» 
the /i&in/part of your No Protestant Pbt is much of it itolea 
from the dead author's pamphlet, called The Gnnrth of Fo- 
pcry (by Andrew Jdanrel), as manifestly as Miitoa'a Dcfcncc 
of the English People is from Buchanan, De Jure Rcgoi apod 
Scotos; or the First Covenant", and New Associatioo% from 
the Holy League of the French Guisards. Any one who reads 
Dorila, may trace your practices aOaloogs there were the same 
pretences for refbrmadon and loyalty, the same ispcnioos cf 
the king, and the same grounds of a rebellioD/* PtcfiMe to 
the Medal, a Satire against Sedidon.J 

* The famous soicmn League ind CoTetumt, derised by die SooKli 
in 1638, and entered intt> by die parliament of England in 1643. See 
Malooe's Dryden. 

^ Alluding to the scheme of an a^oociation found tt Igrt Shaftef 
%ury*s library^ ib. 



EAHL OF SHAFTESBURY. 257. 

to prieon. Being partly answered in a pamphlet 
aititled^ A Plea for Succession in opposition to 
popular Exclusion^ there was published 

"The second Part of No Protestant Plot," 
Lend. l682. 

" A third Part;' 
^d to be written by one Robert Ferguson under 
the direction of Shaftesbury ; all the three parts 
were a vindication of him. The last was an- 
swered under the title of ^^ A Letter to a Friend, 
containing certain Observations upon some Pas- 
sages in a late Dbel, intituled a Third Part, &c/* 

" A modest Account of the present Posture 
of Affairs in England, with a particular Refer- 
ence to the Earl of Shaftesbury's Case, and a 
Vindication of him from two pretended Letters 
of a noble Peer" (marquis of Halifax) . 

This was not owned ; but was imputed to the 
earl by sir Roger L'Estrange in his Observator, 
a gazette of the opposite faction. 

" The Earl of Essex's Speech at the Delivery 
of the Petition to the King, January 25, 168O." 
The petition was for a parliament. 

Wood imputes to Shaftesbury too 

•* A Vindication of the Association *;" 

* [Wood Mys, he was deq>1y suppoacd.to have written it. 
In Thompson's Loyal Poems, 16859 is one entitled Shafts^ 
bury's Farewell, or the New Association^ which opens witft 
this animate4 apostrophe : 

VOL. Ill* S 



258 EAEh OF SHAFTE8BUEY. 

but at the same time says^ that the earFs servant 
being seized as he was carrying it to the press^ 
owned it to be Ferguson^s. Tlie same author 
mentions the earPs publishing an apcAogy in Hol- 
land 3, but does not give the title of it. 

" Three Letters*, written during his impri- 
sonment in the Tower, to the King, to the Doke 
of York, and to a Ix)rd, not named.^ 

'^ llie Character of the Honourable William 

** Greatest of men, yet man's least friendt Ewewdlf 

Wits miglitiestf but most useless miiack; 

When Nature all her richest treasures stor'dt 

To make one Tast unprofitable hoaid. 

So high as thine no Qd>of fire can rowlp 

The brightest^ yet the most czcentrick soul 

Whom midst wealth, honours, fame» yet want of eaae^ 

No power could e'er oblige, no state coold pleaaei 

Be in thy grave with peaoefiil slumben blest* 

And find thy whole life's only stranger rest ! 

Oh Shafbbury, had thy prodigious mind 

Been to thyself and thy great master kind; 

Glory had wanted lungs thy trump to biow» 

And pyramids had been a tomb too low !" p. n^'j 

* [Lord Shaftesbury had been always very inveterate ^aimt 
Holland, and used constantly to conclude hit qwechcs in tk 

house of peers on that subject with ^Msdb 4:fl Gvftb9% ^plf^ 
ing this celebrated sentence to that country: but bffir he 
took refuge there, he appealed to the nuigistratet for povii- 
sion to do so, who answered his petition thus hoonically: 
Ceribe^gOf nm adbuc aboUta^eomitemde Sb^iskaymgnamm 
rmpaieimit* Seward's Anecd. voLv. p. 54.3 
* Printed in CoUins's Fta^igc; ride Shaftc^mry. 



BABL OP 8HAFTE8BUBT. 259 

Hastings of Woodlands in Hampshire^ second 
Son of Francis Earl of Huntington/* 
printed originally in Peck*s Desiderata Curiosa^> 
and latdy in the Connoisseur^ vol. iii. It is a 
curious and well -drawn portrait of our ancient 
English gentry. 

Wood says, that among his lordship's papers 
were found, but uncertain if written by him, 

^* Some Observations concerning the regu- 
lating Elections for Parliament^." 

One cannot but observe with concern what I 
have before remarked, that writing the life of a 
man is too apt to instil partiality for the subject. 
The history of lord Shaftesbury in the Biogra- 
phia is almost a panegyric ; whereas a bon-mot 
of the earl himself, was his truest charac-> 
ter: Charles the second said to him one day, 
" Shaftesbury, I believe thou art the wickedest 
fellow in my dominions." He bowed, and re- 
plied, " Of a subject, sir, I believe I am ^" 

* [Dr. Kippis states, and so may the present editor, that he 
ennuncd the whole of Evans's edition of Peck's Desid. Cur. 
without finding this character of Mr. Hastings inserted. Vide 
Biog.Brit. voUiv. p. 163. In the Connoisseur, however, it 
rnxf be seen.] 

* They are printed among Somers's Tracts, vol. i. 
' Kortb's Eiamen* 



S2 



260 EABL OF SHAFTESBUBT* 



[This diBtinguished politician was the son of sir 
John Cooper, hart, and born July 22, 1621. Beioga 
boy of uncommon parts, he was sent to Oxford at the 
age of fifteen, where he is said to have studied hard 
for about two years, and then removed to Lincoln's 
Inn, with no abatement of application. In 1640 he 
was elected member for Tewksbury, and seems to have 
been well affected to the king's service at the begin- 
ning of the civil war; but perceiving that he was not 
in confidence, he retired to the parliament quarters, 
and soon after went up to Londoq, where he was well 
received by that party, " to which,'* says lord Claren- 
don, *^ he gave himself up body and soul." He took 
Wareham by storm in 1644, and soon after reduced 
all the adjacent parts of Dorsetshire, He was one of 
the members of the convention that met after Crom- 
well had turned out the long parliament, and signed 
that famous protestation, which charged the protector 
with tyranny and arbitrary government. He was af- 
terwards very instrumental in promoting the restora- 
tion of Charles the second, and upon the king's com- 
ing over, was made a privy-counsellor and a commis- 
sioner for the trial of the regicides. Soop. after be was 
advanced to the dignities of baron Ashley, chancellor 
and uuder-treasurer of the exchequer, earl ofShaftes- 
bury, and lord-higb-chanc^lor of Elnglaxxi*. 

' Biog. Brit, aod Biqg. Diet. vols. iv. A political detail of Us 
lordfl^^ip's life was published under the title of Rawkigh Redi- 
Vivtfs, and another under that of the Compleat Statctmaii, ^6^s% 



EABL OP SHAFTESBURY. 26 i 

As lord Shaftesbury had never been called to the 
bar, he on that account used to preside in the court of 
chaiiccry in a brown silk instead of a black silk gown. 
Dryden himself praises his conduct whilst he admi- 
nistered this great office^ saying of him^ 

'* Yet &me deserv*d no enemy can grudge^ 
The statesman we abhor^ but praise the judge; 
In Israel's courts ne*er sat an Abethdin 
With more discerning eyes^ or hands more clean ) 
Unbrib*d, unsought^ the wretched to redress^ 
Swift of dispatch^ and easy of access *." 

Lord Shaftesbury was concerned in all the political 
transactions in the reign of Charles the second. He 
advised the king to shut up the treasury, and after- 
wards united himself to opposition against the schemes 
of the coOrt'. The latter part of his life was spent 
in plots and conspiracies, and from fear of punishment 
he quitted the kingdom and retired to Holland, 
where he died in exile, at Amsterdam, in the bixty- 
second year of his age, a striking instance of the little 
utility of great talents either to the possessor or to the 
world in general, when they are not directed by just 
and good principles 3. 

* Absakmi and Achitophel. Charles the second said of lord 
Shafte^ury, ''that he possessed in him a chancellor, who 
had more law than all his judges, and more divinity than all his 
bishops.'' 

* Hence it was a standing jest with the lower form of wits, 
to stile him Sinftsbury instead of Shaftesbury. Biog.Dict. ut sup. 

* Seward's Anted, vol ii. p. lox. 

S 3 



262 EARL OP 8HAFTBSBUBT. 

Dr. Kippis observes^ that of all the writers who 
have charact^riacd the earl of Shafteabqry, loidOrfoid 
18 the most severe. In his ddineatioiiy the earl 
appears not only destitute of virtue, hut of ahiUty: 
and yet the earl's bitterest enemies have ackDOwk^ged 
that his talents were of the first order. They have 
equally acknowledged that he never betrayed bis 
friends, and that he stood firm against the aUurements 
of bribery. Extremely different is the treatment 
which the earl of Shaftesbury has received from the 
judicious Rapin, who while he relates the actions of 
lord Shaftesbury with fidelity, whether fiivourable or 
unfavourable to his memory, has accompanied his 
narration with reflections which aie equally the diclates 
of truth and of candour \ 

The great Mr. Locke was wonderfully atnick with 
lord Shaftesbury's acuteness upon every subject; and 
though he was not a man of much readings yd wh 
thing, in Mr. Locke's opinion, could be more just than, 
the judgment he passed upon the books which ftU into 
his hands. But above all, Mr. Locke admired in him 
that penetration, that presence of nmid, wUch. 
prompted him with the beat eaqpedie^ts in the most 
desperate cases ; that noble boldness which appcand 
in all his public discourses, always guided by a solid 
judgment, which never allowing him to say any thiig 
that was improper, and regulating his least woid^ kft 
DO hold to the vigilance of his enemies. Lord Shafkes- 
bury has even been supposed to have assisted Bfr. 

■ 

* Biog. Brit, ut sop. 



BAXL OP 8HAFTBSBUST. 263 

t very much in bis odebnted Treatiae upon 
ition ; as the ootline of tbat work was found in 
rdsbip's hand-writing^. 

e following portion of a letter fW>m lord than* 
Shaftesbury to lord Carlisle^ was printed by Mr, 
4 in the supplemental volume to his Anaodotes 
itingaished Persons ^^ and is inserted from the 
d€ a more interesting appendage. 

*' March 29, 1675. 
( is certainly all our duties, and particularly 

who have borne such offices under the crownj^ 
»rove any opportunity of a good correspondence 
iderstanding between the royal family and the 
, and to leave it impossible for the king to ap- 
id that we stand upon any terms that are not as 
or him as necessary for us ; neither can we fear 
accounted undertakers at the next meeting of 
nent, for I hope it shall never be thought unfit 

number of lords to give the king privately their 
3^ when asked ; whilst in former days, through 

northern kingdoms, nothing of great moment 
ted by their kings without the advice of the 
3nsiderable and active nobility that were within 
e, though they were not of the privy-council : 
;casions being not always of that nature as did 

the assembling the great council or parliament. 
, there are none so likely as us, nor time so 
as now, to give the only advice I know truly 

* Seward, obi sup. p. 100. 

* Edit. 1797, p. $%. 

8 4 



264 EARL t3lF SHAPTESBUfiT* 

serviceable to the king, aSecUbnate to Uie dukc^ an^ 
secure to the country, which is a new :parliaiiient« 

'^ I hear from all quarters of letters from Whitehall 
that do give notice that I am coming up to town; 
that a great office with a strange name is prcparii^ for 
me, and such like; I am ashamed I was thought sq 
easy a fool by those who should know me better. Bot 
I assure your lordbhip, that no condition will invite mt 
to court during this parliament, nor until I see the 
king thinketh frequent parliaments as much his in- 
terest as the people's right* When our great men 
have tried a little longer, they will be of my mind.'*] 



263 



EDWARD, LORD MONTAGUE. 

[EiDWARD, second lord Montague, and father of the 
6r8t duke of Montague, succeeded to the barony in 
1644, and died in 1683 ^ In bis youth he made a 
Latin translation of Drayton's Heroical Epistle from 
Henry the second to fair Rosamond, which was printed 
at the end of Hookes' Amanda 3, with Miscellanea 

* Bolton's Extinct Peerage^ p. 193. 

* This amatorf farrago^ written in imitation of Cowley's 
Mistress, was inscribed ** to the honourable Edward Montague, 
Sonne and heire apparent to the honours, estate, and Tertues of 
the right honourable Edward lord Montague, baron of Bough* 
ton;" and it includes the following facetious compliments to 
his patron : *' To give you the main reason of this present to 
your honour, beside the many private obligations which enforce 
me, I know none a more competent judg^ in poesie then your- 
self. You have surveyed more ground in the sweet Tempe of the 
muses, and to better purpose, than many who have walkt 
Parnassus, as often as duke Humphrey's spider- catchers do 
Paul's, only to tell steps and take the height of a cobweb fan- 
cie* At those years when others do usually ride hobbies and 
swagger astride broomsticks, your honour was mounting the 
great horse, and learning to manage the noble swift-winged 
courser. Methinks I see the best wits strive to be your lackeys, 
as if you only could create laureats, which is no small prefer- 
ment; for every poet is Apollo's footman, and consequently 
worshipful, and an esquire by his place. You di£Fer as much 
from an ordinary poet as a traveller from a map-geographer, 
who by the help of old Ortehus, or John Speed our English 
Mercator, hath gone beyond sea, and rid post over the Alps, in 
his chamber. Thalia is proud, you admit yourself her fami- 



266 BOWAKD^ LOBB MOKTA6UE. 

PDeddy &C. 1653. ^ short extract firom the close of 
this Tcraon may affiml a suffident specimen of his 
('s OFidian essay. 



'' Quid dkam ? pa e uirt lacrymg, smpina^ voces, 

Quod mibi lestst opis acnor harm iiegpit } 
BfHi fTi tenibili leaooaiU mea castia bQat4 

Fe^ at in toto pectoie miles amor. 
Te Bosamimda tabs, te dassica nostra loqimntiir, 

Pug^iuDdi signum to Bosamimda malii. 
Ulios intereaDt et von, et spiritns, andet 

doi meditata tui de neoe verba lo^, 
Nempe incerta too victoria ridet ooello 

niinc est mihi ipes, vita triamphnsy honoa. 
Toque domos qua cfaara ouuiet Ro s ainnnd a, beatn 

CUia tons ec lex est, esto be^a tenos: 
Dedneat corpos qoanqoam fera Gallia, tecmn 

Cor maoet, Elysium delicispgoe mem. 

A copy of Latin verses by lord Montague when he 
was of Sidney college, occurs in the Cambridge collec- 
tion, on the birth of prince Charles in 1631.3 

liar; your bands must be kist when others stand aloof, fikebcr 
waiting gentlemen; you carouse with the irofiquc lady at the 
fbuntam and sip Helicon in gold goblets, while poor vulgar 
students only refresh their temples with a vret finger, and beg 
lithmes in a nightcap. I assure you, it is scidomc the auise^ 
nag findes soch good pasture amongst adbieoMB's hones; for 
most commonly a gentleman's Pegasus is as V-fiivour'das PhSf 
roah*s lean oowes," &c. 




Upus Louj) Robartks. 






" j/y'A/t . 



267 



JOHN ROBARTES, 
EARL OF RADNOR, 

^* Was a man of a morose and cynical temper, 
just in his administration, but vicious under the 
appearances of virtue: learned beyond any man 
of his quality, but intractable, stiiF and obsti- 
nate, proud and jealous." These are Burnet's 
words '. Wood says 3, he was a colonel for the 
parliament; that he fought desperately at Edge- 
hill, and afterwards at Newbury, where he was 
field-marshal, but grew to dislike the violences 
of his party, and retired till the Restoration, 
when he was made lord-privy-seal ; '^ but giving 
not that content which was expected, he was 
sent into Ireland to be lord-lieutenant there; 
and his government being disliked, he was re- 
called and made lord president." We are not 
told how he disappointed the king's expecta- 
tions; probably not by too great complaisance ; 
nor why his administration, which Burnet calk 
just^ was disliked. If it is true, that he was a 
good governor, the presumption will be, that 
his rule was not disliked by those to whom, but 

* Vol* L p. 9S« . ' Vol* ii. p. 787* 



268 EAHL OP RADNOR. 

from whom, he was sent*. However, not to 
judge too hardly of Charles the second, we may 
not depend too much upon the bishop*s account 
of the earl's government, if the fruits of it were 
no better than those of his great learning; all 
that is recorded of his writing bearing this cant- 
ing title, 

" A Discourse of the Vanity of the Creature, 
grounded on Eccles. i. 2." Lond. 1673, 8vo. 

Wood says, that he left one or two more 
treatises fitted for the press, as he had been 
informed. 



[John Robartes was the son and heir of sir Richard 
Robartes, hart, created lord Robartes of Traro ia 
Cornwall, by James the« first ^. He was entered t 
fellow-commoner of Exeter college, Oxford, in i6a59 
where he continued two years, when he succeeded to 

^ Since the first edftion, I find this coojectore confirmed by 
a letter of Andrew Blanrel, who says, ** that hu friaUs wot 
duly representing him to the king in the worst character, that 
the king had resolved to recall hitai, and that he himself, tired 
out with continual checks and countermands hence, in mattos 
which he thought were agreed to him befbfc he went, wrotca 
short letter to the king, desiring to be dismissed ftom all em- 
ployments wfaatevery which shouki be his lastrequetL" 

Manrel's Works, toL ii. p. 51. 

^ Bolton's Extinct Peerage, p. S34. 



EABL OP RADNOR. 26^ 

bill father's honours. At the beginning oF the grand 
rebellion^ he adhered to the parliamentarians, was 
made a colonel in the army under Robert, earl of 
Essex ^f and governor of the garrison at Plymouth j 
irhen, according to lord Clarendon, the king finding 
DO good could be effected against so resolute a de- 
fender, marched away, and committed the blockade of 
the place to sir Richard Grenvile; upon whose first 
message to lord Robartes there arose so mortal a mis- 
understanding, that there never was civility or quarter 
observed between them ; but such as were taken on 
either side, were put to the sword, or to the halter 7. 
He was some time lieutenant of Exeter and Devon- 
shire, says Wood ; but when he beheld how things 
would terminate, he withdrew, and acted little or no- 
thing during the times of usurpation^. Bolton adds, 
that he was created viscount Bodmin, in 1679, and 
tail of Radnor : in the same year he was made presi- 
lent of the council upon the removal of Anthony, earl 
rf Shaftesbury. He died July 17, 1685. 

Liord Clarendon accords with bishop Burnet, in pro- 
louncing him a man of a sour and surly nature, a 
rreat opiniaire, and one who was to be overcome be- 
bre be would believe that he could be so'. 

* The carl of Clarendon states, that lord Robartes, though 
inferior in the army, had much greater credit in the parliament 
than lord Essex, which induced the latter to depart from his 
own plans, and adopt others that led htm into difficulty. (list. 
ToLii. p. 5X3* 

' HisL of the Rebellion, vol. ii. p. 534. 
' Athcn. Oxon. voUii. p. 787. 

* Hist, ut sup. 



370 BABL OF RADNOK. 

The Haii. MSS. 2224, 2237, 22381 22431 ^3^S> 
Goiitain traoBcripts and extracts from the joanudi of the 
house of peers, with private remarks, notes, and ob-^ 
servations by the earl of Radnor. No. 5091-2-3-4-5, 
comprise ccunmon-place collections, political and his- 
torical, the greater part in his lordship's hand-writing. 
No. 61 2 1 includes an exordium to his will, and No. 
2294 has two answers to two papers on the following 
cpiestion: 

^^ Whether bishops have right to vote in capitall 
cases in pariyament?" 

This nobleman's theological tract, which solely 
constitutes him an author, has not been met with.] 



271 



JAMES TOUCHET, 
EARL OF CASTLEHAVEN, 

AND 

BARON AUDLEY. 

If this lord^ who led a very martial life, had 
not taken the pains to record his own actions 
(which however he has done with great frank- 
ness and ingenuity), we should know little of 
his story, our historians scarce mentioning him : 
and even our writers of anecdotes, as Burnet ; 
or of tales and circumstances, as Roger North ; 
not giving any account of a court-quarrel occa- 
sioned by his lordship*s Memoirs. Anthony 
Wood alone has preserved this event, but has 
not made it intelligible. The earl was a Ca- 
tholic, far from a bigotted one, having stiffly 
opposed the pope*s nuntio in Ireland % and 
treating the monks with very little ceremony 
when he foilnd them dabbling in sedition ^. He 
himself had been a commander in the Irish re- 
beUioQ for the confederate Catholics, but after- 
wards made all the amends he could to the king*s 

* Vide hit Memoiri, p. lai* 

* Mcoioin, p. i44« 



272 BABL OF CASTLEHAVEN. 

cause, serving under the marquises of Ormond 
and Clanricarde. A little before the ruin of 
the latter, lord Castlehaven was dispatched by 
him to the young king at Paris, whose service 
when he found desperate, he engaged with the 
great prince of Cond6 then in rebellion ; at- 
tended that hero in most of his celebrated 
actions ; returned to England on the Restora- 
tion ; entered into the Spanish service in Flan- 
ders ; was witness to the unsuccessful dawn of 
king William's glory ; and died in l684. He 
wrote 

*^ The Earl of Castlehaven 's Review, or his 
Memoirs of his Engagement and Carriage in 
the Irish Wars." Enlarged and corrected, with 
an appendix and postscript. Lond. l684. 

This I suppose was the second edition*. The 
earl had been much censured forliis share in the 
Irish rebellion, and wrote those memoirs to ex- 
plain his conduct rather than to excuse it; for he 
freely confesses his faults, and imputes them to 
provocations from the government of that king- 
dom, to whose rashness and cruelty, conjointly 

^ [The fint edition was printed in i6So; siyt Mr. GylL 
Dr. Lort gives the title of it as follows: ** BCemoin of Janes 
Lord Audley, Earl of CasUehaven; his Engagtment and Car> 
riage in the Wars of Inland^ from i64» tp 1651, written bf 
himself.'' London, x68o, xamo. dedicated to the king.] 



BXBL OF CASTLBHAVBN. 273 

with the votes and resolutions of the English 
parliament, he ascribes the massacre. There 
are no dates^ like method^ and less style in 
these memoirs ; defects atoned in some mea- 
sure by a martial honesty. Soon after their 
publication, the earl of Anglesey, lord privy- 
seal, wrote to ask a copy : lord Castlehaven sent 
him one, but denying the work as his. An- 
glesey, who had been a commissioner in Ireland 
for the parliament, thinking himself affected by 
this narrative, published Castlehaven's letter, 
with observations and reflections very abusive 
on the duke of Ormond, which occasioned, first 
a printed controversy, and then a trial before 
the privy-council : the event of which was, that 
Anglesey's first letter was voted a scandalous 
libel, and himself removed from the custody of 
the privy-seal ; and that the earl of Castleha^ 
ven*s memoirs, on which he was several times 
examined, and which he owned, were declared 
a scandalous libel on the government ; a censure 
that seems very little founded: there is not a 
word that can authorize that sentence from the 
council of Charles the second, but the imputa- 
tion on the lords justices of Charles the first, 
for I suppose the privy-council did not pique 
themselves on vindicating the honour of the 
republican parliament ! Bishop Morley wrote 

VOL. III. T 



274 EARL OP CA8TLBHAV£H. 

•* A trae Account of the whole Proceedings be- 
twixt James Duke of Ormonde and Arthur 
Earl of Anglesey^/* Folio. More of this affiur 
will be found in the article of Anglesey. 



Lord Castlehaven^s frank mode of narration and 
blunt style will be shown by the following recapitula- 
tory conclusion to his Memoirs^ which he entitles 

^^ Some few ReflecUons more of Castlehaven on 
himself. 

*' In my beginning I was a great party »man| but 
considering myself and soldiers but young beginnerSy 
I meddled with nothing that was not almost sure : re- 
membering, that young hawks must be entred on weak 
game. 

^' Having martial-law, it was certain death to take 
from any of our friends the worth of a hen: but 
withal, I had care that my soldiers should not want. 
If any thing happen'd of that kind^ I tent out a party 
with a sure officer to bring in so many beefii; and^ at 
his return, to tell me where he took 'em. Then I 
issued my order to the commissioners^ to applot oo 
the country or barony from whence the cattle came, 
their value, and immediately to satisfy the owners; 
which was always allowed out of their contribotioiis* 
This I held constantly during the war. 

'^ An other of my rules^ no less punctually obaerfedj 

* Wooit vol. ii. p. 774« 



BABL OP CASTLSHAVEN. 275 

vrai^ that if by accident any want fell out to be in the 
anny, I kept no table, and eat no better than the sol- 
diers did: though otherwise I did generally keep a 
good table, and my officers were welcome to me. 

'' I never took the worth of a crown for myself, 
either from country-man, officer, or soldier; but lived 
still upon my bare pay. Though the council never 
stinted me; but left me at liberty to take besides, what 
I should think fit out of the treasure that commonly 
march'd along with the army, and was disposed of by 
my orders. 

'' I was a good providore, and had my magazines 
well furnished, and seated as I was to make the war: 
&r men eat every day, but fight seldom: 

^' My soldiers I called my children; and really had 
a fatherly love and care for them ; and they by their 
duty, bravery, and affi^tion, made me a full return* 

<^ I punisht severely ; which made my orders to be 
well observed, and rewarded bountifully, according to 
my power. 

^^ If an officer, or soldier, had done a brave action^ 
I treated the officer some days at my table; and took 
all occasions by talking, to improve his glory: and 
seldom either officer or soldier went without advance- 
ment or other reward. 

^^ I made it my business always to march and en«- 
camp so, as not to be engag'd in fight, without an 
enemy would come on great disadvantage. 

'* My intelligence and spies cost me very dear : but 
I bad good. 



276 EABJL OF CASTLEHAVBX* 

^* Whenever I fought, or bad a mind to fight ; 
coming in view of the enemy, and being in order of 
battky I rode to all the battalions and squadrons, to 
observe their looks : and then with a cheerful counte- 
nance, acquainting them truly with what I knew of 
the enemy and our condition, I told them my own 
op'mion for fighting; and if they liked it, I would go 
on; otherwise, not. This I did to engage tbcm in 
judgment as well as duty. 

^^ I made it my business to get my troops good 
winter-quarters. But, during the field, I was ver3r 
strict in my musters. And ever and anon, being not 
in danger of an enemy, I made the battalions and 
squadrons march by companies : that I might know 
their number just. For a general will be cozen'd if 
he brings his men to fight on sworn rdations. 

^< I suffered no officer to take from a soldier the 
worth of a penny. I do not remember that during 
the time I serv'd the confederate Catholicks, they ever 
gave me any instructions what I should do; but left all 
to myself; which made the business go the better. 

'< I shall now conclude these reflections with the 
greatest reflection of all, which is on my infinite obli- 
gation to Almighty God ! who hath so protected me, 
that to this hour, neither in those wars of Ireland, or 
any other that T have been in since, either army or 
party of army, great or small, was ever beaten so by an 
enemy, as to lose their ground to the end of the fight, 
where I commanded in chief." 

In 1 68 1, was printed a Letter from a Person of Ho- 



fiARL OP CASTLEHAVEN. 277 

nour* in the Countrey^ written to the earl of Castle- 
faaven; being observations and reflections upon his 
lordship's Memoires concerning the Wars of Ireland : 
and in 1684 appeared, 

^' The Earl of Castlehaven's Review, or his Me- 
moirs of his Engagement and Carriage in the Irish 
Wars; enlarged and corrected, with an Appendix and 
Postscript." 

The latter doses with the following mild rebuke : 
'^ I shall trouble the reader with no more on this sub- 
ject; but conclude, that my lord of Anglesey's long 
printed letter is all along subject to mistakes, speaking 
modestly/'] 

* This person was the earl of Anglesey, in whose article see 
a particular account of this tract and its political result. 



t3 



. .' -il' 



-r 



:.f .'• . 







KuANTis North. 



I 



LORD OUILFOBB. 279 

This lord Guilford wrote 

^^ An alphabetical Index of Verbs neuter," 
printed with LiHy's Grammar: compiled while 
he was at Bury school \ 

" Argument in a Case between Soams and 
Bemardiston *." 

*^ His Argument on a Trial between Charles 
Howard and the Duke of Norfolk ;" 
printed with that case. 

^^ The King's Declaration on the Popish 
Plot;" 
composed chiefly by his lordship ^, A paper 

^' Of the Non.gravitation of Fluids," 
considered in the bladders of fishes ^. 

*^ An Answer to a Paper of Sir Samuel More- 
land on his Static Barometer." 
lliis was never printed ®. 

* Vide Life^ p. i%. £It appears that this was printed by Dr. 
SterenSy the master, for the use of his own school. ** This, 
however easy to be done," adds his biographer, << was com« 
tnendable ; because boys ordmarily have not a steady applica* 
tion, and being required, seldom perform, industriously and 
neaUy, such a task as that is." j 

* lb. p. 36. 

* lb. p. %s9» 

' Printed in Lowther's Abridgment of the PhilosopMcal 
Transactions, vol. ii. p. 845* [It seems that his lordship's 
bint was laid hold of, approved, and pursued by the virtuosi of 
the time, patricularly by Mr. Boyle and Mr. Ray, whose paper* 
on the subject are noticed in tfie same collection.] 

* Life, p 293. 

T 4 



280 LORB GUILFORD. 

^^ A philosophical Essay on Musick^;'* 
printed by Martin^ printer to the Royal Sodety^ 

1677. 
" Lord Chief-Justice North's Narrative to 

the House of Commons^ of what Bedloe had 

sworn before him at Bristol." 

" A Narrative of some Passages in, or relat- 
ing to the Long Parliament, by Sir Francis 
North, afterwards Lord Keeper of the Great 
SealV* 

" Many Notes of Cases, Fragments of 
Transactions at Court,'* 
and other papers published whole or in part, in 
various parts of his life^ by Roger North, and 
in the Examen. 



Lord-keqper Guilford had his grammar-Ieanung at 
Bury school, whence he was admitted a felk>w-com- 
moner of St. John's college, Cambridge, in 1653, 
and being designed for the taw, after two or three 
years spent at the university, was removed to the Vid* 
die Temple. Here he applied with great diltgenee lo 
the main object, yet pursued his inquiries into all in* 

• [Not with the fbnii and exaetneta of a aokmn writer, bit 
as the sense of a man of bosiness, who aunds the kernel ui 
not the shell. Life of Locd Oiiilford, p. 997.] 

* Somers'a Tncts, voL i* 



LOBB GUILFORD^ 281 

genioos arts; and became not only a good lawyer^ but 
very learned in history^ mathematics^ philosophy, and 
muaic^. In 1671 he was made the king's solicitor- 
general^ and received the honour of knighthood. In 
1673 he was constituted attorney-general; and in the 
following year was appointed lord chief justice of the 
court of common pleas. Upon the death of the earl 
of Nottingham in 1682, the great seal was committed 
to his custody, and in Sept. 1683 he was created a 
baron of the realm by the title of lord Guilford in 
Surry. He died at his seat at Wroxton, September 5, 
1685 ^ 

The author of the Lives of the Lord-chancellors avers, 
that he ran very much with the stream of the court, 
to the endangering of the Protestant religion in this 
kingdom. He certainly did not want zeal to promote 
the good of his country, which he thought would 
most effectually be done, by supporting the church 
and crown of England in all legal prerogatives; and 
from these principles he never swerved. His private 
character is said to have been strictly virtuous and un-< 
exceptionable. 

In Harl. MSS. 6284, 6S00, are two of his speeches, 
one to sir Robert Granger, on his being elected 
speaker, and another explanatory of the king's speech^ 

His lordship composed several concertos in two or 
three parts ; and his philosophical theory of music was 
thus epitomised in the memoir of his life : 

* New Biog. Dict.^ vol. xi. p. ^59. 

* Fasti Oxon. vol. ii. p. 235. 



262 tOBB 6UILFORB4 

<< All musical sounds consist of tones^ for irregukf 
noises are foreign to the subject. Every tone consists 
of distinct pulses or strokes, in equal time; which 
being indistinguishably swift, seem continual. Swifter 
pulses are accordingly (in sound) sharper, and the 
flower, flatter. When diverse run together, if the 
pulses are timed in certain proportions to each other, 
which produce coincidences at regular and constant 
periods ; those may be harmonious, else discord* And^ 
in the practice of musick, the stated accords £dl in 
these proportions of pulsation, viz. t^ ii i> i« f* Hence 
flow the common denominations of 8th^ 5th, 4th, 3d, 
ad ; and these are produced upon a monochord by ab* 
scission of these parts hhhh i> of all which the 
fuller demonstration is a task beyond what is here in* 
tended." To accomplish an ocular representation of 
these pulses, adds the biographer, his lordship made 
a foundation upon paper by a perpetual order of paral* 
lei lines ; and those were to signify the flux of time 
equably : and when a pulse happened, it was marked 
by a point upon one of those lines, and if continued so 
as to sound a bass tone, it was marked upon every 
eighth line, and that might be termed the bass ; and 
then an upper part, which pulsed as t or octave, was 
marked (beginning with the first of the bass) upon 
every fourth line, which is twice as swift. And so all 
the other harmonious proportions, which showed their 
coincidences, as well with the bass as with one ano* 
ther. And there was also showed a beautiful and uni- 
form aspect in the composition of these accords when 
drawn together: this as to times. 



LORD GVILFOBD. 283 

The ordinary collation of sounds is commonly made 
>y numbers^ which not referred to a real cause or 
bundation in nature^ may be just^ but withal very ob- 
scure^ and imparting of no knowledge. Witness the 
mathematicians musical proportion. His lordship did 
not decline numbers, but derived them from plain 
truths. He found 360 the aptest for those subdivi- 
lions that music required ; and applying that to an 
open string, or monochord, each musical tone, formed 
by abscission of a part of the string, is expressible by 
those numbers so reduced in proportion. As i of the 
string pinched off at i or 180, an octave, and 4. as f 
240; and so of the rest down to the tone or second, 
which cuts off 7, and the semitone 1^, &c. 

Succeeding virtuosi extended this scheme by com- 
mentaries and experiments, some adopting and others 
opposing its practicability.] 



I 



284 



ANNE, 
MARCHIONESS OF WHARTON, 

[Daughter and co-heiress of cir Henry Lee, of 
Ditchly in Oxfordshire*, and first wife of Thomas, 
marquis of Wharton, by whom she had no issue. In 
1 68 1, says Mr. Ballard 3^ she was in France on ac- 
count of her health. About the year 1682 she held a 
correspondence with Dr« Burnet, who submitted some 
of hit poetical 'exercitations to her inspection. Two 
of her ladyship's letters, lord Orford observes, are in a 
very pleasing style \ They are printed with Dr. Bur- 
net's in the General Dictionary. One of them runs 
OS follows, and was addressed to her husband : 

. ^^ Forgive me for giving you the trouble of a letter 
every post ; but I am indeed grown so fond a fool, that 
I can't help it. The other day, in a fit I almost beat 
my brains out against the pavement, and found the 
want of boards ; for, a little more, and it had eased 
you of the inconvenience of a wife. But apropo, 
that day your brother Hamden met Mr. Savile^ in my 
lodgings ; and not knowing him, began extremely to 

* Sir Henry Lee having no son, left his estate to be divided 
between this lady and her sistery the countess of Abingdoot 
whose memory Dryden has celebrated in a fdneral panegyric 
entitled Eleononu Ballard's Memoirs^ p. 997. 

* From the General Dictionary, voLx. p. 1%%. 

* See article of Philip, duke of Wharton. 

* Embassador from England to France* 



li 






'I 



(Si 



I 




Ann MAKrMioNv.ss ivk Wmakton. 






MABCHIONESS OF WHARTON. 285 

complain of the king's embassador for not giving an 
information which he thought necessary. The fat 
person^ wanting temper^ began too quick to clear . 
himself^ and so discovered himself to the lean person^ 
and spoiled a hopeful adventure, and then laid the 
fault upon innocent me, who sate harmlessly meditat- 
ing a quarrel between famine and plenty. As it hap- 
pened there was no more but an odd excuse made by 
your friend, which was odd enough, but yet not worth 
giving you the trouble of relating. He seemed much 
troubled for not seeing you before you left Paris ; but 
I told him you did not know where to find him, or had 
certainly seen him. He is much recovered; which sig- 
nifies no more than the rest. 

*' You see how loth I am to leave off: these are fine 
things to entertain you with ; but rather than say no- 
thing, I could talk all day as idly to you, as if you had 
no more business nor sense 

'* Than your obedient wife and humble servant^ 

"Anne Wharton." 

''Paris, April the fr sty 1681.'' 

Lady Wharton's poetical productions appear to have 
been : 

'' A Paraphrase on the fifty-second Chapter of 
Isaiahs" 

'^ A Paraphrase on the Lamentations of Jeremiah^." 

" A Paraphrase on the Lord's Prayer^." 

* Five chapters were printed in Nichols' Select Collection of 
Poems. 

^ On this paraphrase Waller addressed a copy of compli- 
aicstary verses to the writer. His own two cantos of divine 



286 MABCHIONESS OF WHA&TOH. 

^'Verses to Mr. Waller «/'* 
^< An Elegy on the Death of the Earl of Rochester." 
** Epistle of Penelope to Ulysses." 
Translated from Ovid : and printed by Tonson. 
*f Verses on the Snuff of a Candle^ made in Sick- 



ness/* 



The latter of these has been extracted from Dryden's 
Miscellany Poems^ parti. 

^' See there^the taper*8 dim and doleitd light. 
In gloomy waves silently rouls about. 

And represents to my dim weary sight 
My light of life almost as near burnt out« 

" Ah, health ! best part and substance of our joy. 
For without thee *t is nothing but a shade : 

Why dost thou partially thy self employ. 
Whilst thy proud foes as partially invade ? 

'* What we, who ne'er enjoy, so fondly seek. 
Those who possess thee still, almost despise ; 

To gain immortal glory, raise the weak. 
Taught by their former want thy worth to prize. 

" Dear, melancholy muse ! my constant guide ; 

Charm this coy health back to my fainting heart. 
Or I 'U accuse thee of vain-glorious pride. 

And swear thou dost but feign the moving art 

poesy, were occasioned by the sight of the 53d chapter of 
Isaiah turned into verse by lady Wharton, 

' For this elegy her ladyship was complimented by Waflerj 
under the name of Chloris. 



MARCHI0NB3S OP WHARTON. 287 

" Bat why do I upbraid tliee> gende muse. 
Who for all sorrows mak'st me some amends : 

Alas ! our sickly minds sometimes abuse 
Our best physicians and our dearest friends.*' 

The following song is added for its feminine delicacy 
and tenderness : 

'' How hardly I conceal*d my tears ? 

How oft did I complain ? 
When, many tedious days, my fean 

Told me I lov*d in vain. 

*' But now my joys as wild are grown. 

And hard to be conceal'd 3 
Sorrow may make a silent moan. 

But joy will be revealed. 

'' I tell it to the bleating flocks. 

To every stream and tree. 
And bless the hollow murmuring rocks 

For echoing back to me. 

*' Thus you may see with how much joy 

We want, we wish, believe ; 
"T is hard such passion to destroy. 

But easy to deceive ».*' 

Mr. Ballard found from the parish-register of Win* 
cbinden, that lady Wharton died at Atterbury^ on the 
a9th of October 1685.3 

• From Tooke's Collection of Miscellaneous Poems, 3d edit. 
1716. 



288 



ARTHUR ANNESLEY, 
EARL OF ANGLESEY, 

While a private young man was engaged on 
the side of Charles the first, whose party he 
quitted early to embrace that of the parliament: 
by them he was intrusted as commissioner of 
Ulster, where he performed good service to the 
Protestant cause. Wood says, he took both 
the covenant and engagement ; but the latter is 
contradicted '. It is certain that he seems to 
have lain by during the reign of Cromwell, and 
that he was not trusted either by the rump or 
the army. When the secluded members were 
restored, he returned to parliament, and was 
chosen president of the council of state, in 
which capacity he was active for the Restoration, 
and was distinguished amongst those who, 
*^ coming in at the eleventh hour,*' received 
greater wages than men who had lost their all in 
defending the vineyard. He was made a baron', 

- Vide his Life in the Biog. Brit. 

* [In i66x; by the title of lord Annetleyy of Ncwpoit 

Faignel, Bucks. His £itlier had the titles of lofd Moantmoato 

and viKount Yalentia in Ireland. Vide Athcn. Qioii. rA & 
p. 789.] 



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THUIl iWlVKA'I-KV KAltl. of AnGLESWY 



EARL OF AN6LE8ST. 289 

an earl, treasurer of the navy, commissioner 
£3r resettling Ireland, lord privy-seal, and might, 
we are told 5, have been prime minister, if he 
had not declined it to avoid envy. As he de- 
clined no other power under no kind of go« 
vemment, this anecdote is suspicious; and 
I should much question whether ever any man 
declined being prime minister for that reason^. 
Engaging in a controversy with the earl of Cas- 
tlehaven, as has been mentioned ; . and that 
drawing on another with the duke of Ormond, 
he was disgraced; though the author of his life 
in the Biographia ascribes the cause of his fall 
to a remonstrance which he had presented to the 
king, in which he took much liberty with his 
majesty, and greater with the religion of the 
duke of York. This piece being resented, 
though it was not thought proper, says the bio- 
grapher, to express so much, the duke of Or- 

* Happy Future State of England, p. 5. 

^ [^ With the ingenious Mr. Walpole, who hath aereral re- 
marks on the character of lord Anglesey, in his usual lively 
manner, vre agree," says Dr. Kippis, ^ that it is not probable 
that the earl of Anglesey should decline being prime minister to 
avoid envy. Indeed, it is not at all likely that any such o£Fer 
should have been made to him at or a little after the Restora- 
don; since no person could at that time stand in competition, 
in this respect, vnth lord Clarendon.'' Biog. Brit. vol. i. 
p. »03.] 

VOL. III. U 



2gO EARL OF ANGLB9BY* 

mond was persuaded to exhibit a charge against 
the earl^ which was madei the pretence for re* 
moving him ; but for this seoret histOiy »o au* 
thority is quoted^ The duke*s letter^ taiiDg 
the earl with breach of friendship^ is preserved^ 
is written with great q)irit3 and has this remark- 
able period: ^^ I was not willing to bdieve that 
book to be of your lordship*s composing, and 
hoped some of the suborned libellars of tht 
age had endeavoured to imitate your kmlshipi 
and not you them/* The earPs answer^ thoi^ 
inferior^ does not want firmness. He passed 
the rest of his time in retirement, and died just 
as some thought he would have been appointed 
lord chancellor to James the second^ in 1680: 
a supposition most improbable. I do not think 
so ill of this lord as to believe he could supplant 
Jefleries^ who was then in possession erf* the 
seals; and who^ without derogation from the 
subsenience of any judge that ever was^ excel- 
led in moulding the law to the purpoaea of a 
court. 

Of this lord we have three characters by very 
different hands. Anthony Wood^ the higi^ 
church satirist^ represents him as an artful time- 
server ; by principle a Calvinist, by poliq^ a &- 

^ LifCf ttbi tupn. 



KARL OF ANOLESBT. 2Ql 

vourer of the Papists. Bishop Burnet^ as un^ 
gentle on the other side^ paints him as a tedious 
and ungraoefol orator, as a grave, abandoned^ 
and corrupt man, whom no party would trust. 
The benign author ^ of the Biographia Britan- 
nica (a work which, notwithstanding its singu- 
lar merit, I cannot help calling Vindicatio Bri- 
tannica^ or a defence of every body ') humanely 
applies his softening pencil, is successful in blot- 
ting out some spots ^ and attempts to varnish- 

* [The author alluded to was Dr. Campbell; who drew up 
the artidey to which Dr. Kippis added the following observa- 
tioot: <<Mr. Walpolchath taken occasion to make a severe stric- 
ture <m oar work, by calling it * Vmdicatio Britannica, or a 
< Befence of every Body.' But in answer to this remark, it 
may be observed, xst, That the censure, so far as it is just, 
can only be applied to a few articles, ftdly, That in an under- 
laldttg of this kind, which is not intended to be the vehicle of 
•cttidaly or of petulant criticism, but to do justice to ability 
and merit, it is safest to err on the candid side, jdly. That 
the removal of particular charges which have been hastily or 
groimdlesaly brought against eminent men, falls, with peculiar 
pnoi»iety» within the compass of our design. And 4thly| 
That if we have been guilty of an excess of gentleness, we 
most guard for the future against this amiable error. It will 
behove us, for instance, when we come to the life of sir Ro- 
bert Walpc3e, to Uke care that we be not too milfy.*' B. Brit. 

vt siip*3 

' See particulariy the lives of Dudley, associate of Empson; 
of the duke of Northumberland; of Shaftesbury; and of Ar- 
lington. 

* As. his not taking the engagement, and the accusation of 
corruption. 

V2 



2Q2 EARL OF ANaLBSBY. 

every one. Wood had severely animadverted 
on the earPs sitting in judgment oh the r^* 
cides. The biographer extols it as an act of 
the greatest loyalty and honour. But under 
favour, it not only appears a servile complaisaooe, 
but glaring injustice ^. The earl had gone most 
lengths with those men ; in short, had acted with 
them in open rebellion to his sovereign: the 
putting to death that sovereign^ could by no 
means be the guilty part of their opposition. If 
a king deserves to be opposed by force of arms, 
he deserves death; if he reduces his subjects 
to that extremity, the blood spilt in the quarrel 
lies on him — the executing him aflerwards is a 
mere formality \ 

* [*< We farther agree,'* says Dr. Kippit» ** Urith tir. W^ 
pole, that the carl of Anglesey's sitting in judgment apoo the 
regicides is not so honourable to him as hath been r eprei ent cdi 
though he certainly had no concern in the king's death*'' 
B. B. ut sup*] 

* [On this passage jome animadversiona were made ia die 
Gentieman's Magazine for Blarch 1759; ^^^ 1^ ^^ argued, that 
** the beheading of the king was an unjustifiable act, and dii* 
metrically opposite to all laws both human and divine ; iorif 
we allow that he was unfit to rdgn^ it doth not follow that he 
deserved death. In a free government, the kingly or oeciitivc 
power is a ti ust ou behalf of the people; bat aa no opicii 
contract is made between the king and the people, which ifi* 
reels a punishment, in case he should tiansgresa his duty; con- 
sequently if he violate the trust reposed io him, the people can 



BARL OF ANGLESEY. 2Q3 

That his lordship sailed with the times^ re- 
mains notorious. Those principles must be of 
an accommodating temper^, which could sufTer 
the same man to be president of a republican 
council of state, and recommend him for chan-» 
oellor to an arbitrary and popish king. Once 
when the earl of Essex charged him in the 
house of lords with being prayed for by the 
Papists, Anglesey said, " He believed it was 
not so; but if Jews in their synagogues, or 
Turks in their mosques, would pray for him 
imasked, he should be glad to be the better for 
their devotion." Had he really been nominated 
to tiie chancellorship by James the second, pro- 
bably he would have pleaded, ^^ That it was not 
of his seeking, but owing to the prayers of the 
Catholics, and he was glad to be the better for 
them.*' 

In answer to the bishop's accusation of no 
party trusting him, the biographer pleads that 
his lordship enjoyed for two-and-twenty years 

only reroke their trust, and transfer it to a more worthy ob- 
ject; but they cannot legally punish any past abuses of power. 
All crimes should have their known and stated penalties ; and 
therefore laws to punish offences ex pojt/actOf have ever been 
accounted anti-constitutional, tyrannical, and unjust."] 

* He was twice commissioner for settling Ireland, once 
under the parliament, the other time under Charles the second^ 

U 3 



2Q4 XABL OF AVGUSSST. 

the confidence of Charles the secomL The 
&ct does not appear to be tnie^ ; and were it 
true, would be no justification. It is well known 
what qualifications could recommend a man to 
the confidence of Charles. When lord Claren- 
don lost it in seven years by his merit, it were 
ignominy to have preserved it two-and-twenty. 

This earl of Anglesey wrote 

'' A Letter to William Lenthall, Speaker to 
the Rump, from Mr. Annessley, expoatuhtiiig 
with him on account of his being excluded the 
House for not taking the Engagement;** 
printed in a pamphlet called England's Confih 



sion ^. 

" The Truth unveiled, in behalf of the 
Church of England^** &c. 
being a vindication of Mr. John Standish'a aer* 
mon before the king, 1 676. This being an 
answer to Mr. Robert Grove's Vindication of 
the conforming clergy from the unjust aspeniaa 
of heresy, was replied to by Grove; and by • 
letter to the author of the Vindication of Mr. 
Standish's Sermon. With 

" Truth Unveiled" 

* The office of lordprirf-ceal if Qo place of ooofidcno^ nor 
U it any where said Uiat tlie earl had any particular ahare of tbc 
tio^'s £iYoiir. 

» Biogr.p.ijT. ' 

* Athency yol. iL p. 790. 



EABL OP ANOLESBT. SQS 

WB8 published^ a piece on Transubstantiation^ 
entitled^ 

- ^^Reflections on that Discourse, which a 
Master of Arts (once) of the University of 
Cambridge calls rational^ presented in print to 
a Person of Honour, 1676." 
Hiis was answered in a tract, called, 
" Roman Tradition examined." 
*^ A Letter from a Person of Honour in the 
Country, written to the £arl of Casdehaven ; 
being Observations and Reflections on his Lord- 
8hip*s Memoirs concerning the Wars of Ire- 
land.** Lond. 168I, 8vo. 
Besides this letter, which occasioned the dispute 
before mentioned, was another book published, 
entitled. Brief Reflections on the Earl of Castle- 
haven's Memoirs, written by Dr. Edmund Bor- 
lase. Author of the History of the Irish Re- 
l)ellion. 

*^ A true Account of the whole Proceedings 
letween James Duke of Onnond and Arthur 
Sari of Anglesey, before the King and Coun- 
ril, &c^** Lond. l682, folio. 

*^ A Letter in Answer to the Duke of Or- 
nond's ^" 



' Biogr. p. 154. 
U4 



2g6 EAKL OP AJTGLESBT. 

'' A Letter of Bemarks upon Jovian.** Lond. 
l683. 

'^ The History of the late Commotions and 
Troubles in Ireland, from the Rebellion in 16419 
till the Restoration in 1660."" 

This history is lost, and is subjected to have 
been purposely destroyed by persons who were 
interested to suppress it ". 

^' The King*s Right of Indulgence in ^ri- 
tual Matters, with the Equity thereof asserted.** 
Printed by Hen. Care, in 1687. Of this piece 
(which was calculated to attack the test and 
penal laws against Papists), it is remarkable, that 
the noble author had been a republican, and 
passed for a Presbyterian ; and that the printer 
was the same person, who, in the foregoing 
reign, had been prosecuted for publishing The 
Weekly Packet of Advice from Rome ; one of 
the political pieces that raised most clamour 
against the Papists '. 

*' Memoirs, intermixed with moral, political, 
and historical Observations, by way of Dis- 
course, in a Letter (to Sir Peter Pett) ; to which 
is prefixed, a Letter written by his Lordship 
during his Retirement from Court, in the Year 
l685.** Lond. 1693, 8vo. 

' Colfint't Peerage, in Aoglciey. 
• Ant, Wood. 



SA&L OF ANGLESEY. ^97 

pobfished by sir Peter Pett, knight, advocate- 
g«[ieral for the kingdom of Ireland, and author 
of The happy future State of England *• The 
title Memoirs has no kind of relation to the 
work, which was a sort of rambling essay, at- 
tempting at once to defend a Popish king and 
the Protestant religion. The genuineness of 
these Memoirs was disputed by his son-in-law 
lord HUiversham ^. 

" The Earl of Anglesey's State of the Go- 
vernment and Kingdom, prepared and intended 
for his Majesty King Charles 11. in the Year 
l682; but the Storm impending, growing so 
high, prevented it then. With a short Vindi- 
cation of his Lordship from several Aspersions 
cast on him, in a pretended Letter that carries 
the Title of his Memoirs," by sir John Thomp- 
son, hart, afterwards lord Haversham *. 

This was the remonstrance hinted at above, 
and was dated April 27, J 682. 

** The Privileges of the House of Lords and 
Commons argued and stated in two Conferences 
between both Houses, April 19, and 22, 1671 ; 

* ^Sir Peter Pett was a virtuoso and a great scholar, and 
wen accomplished for conversation, from his fluency and wit. 
Denton's Life, &c. p. 137.] 

* See the article of that peer. 

* Somers' Tracts, vol. i* p. 186. 



2gS BAKL OP ANGLBSST. 



to which is added^ a I^scourse wherein the 
Rights of the House of Lords are truly as- 
serted. With learned Remarks on the seeming 
Ai^uments and pretended Precedents, offered 
at that Time against their Lordships ;** 
written by the right honourable Arthur, earl of 
Anglesey, lord privy seal. These conferences 
were managed by the earl, and concerned a bill 
for impositions on merchandise, which had occa- 
sioned a dispute between the two houses on the 
old subject of the sole right of taxing, claimed 
by the commons. 

Besides these, we are told ^ that some valu- 
able pieces of this earl have been lost> and that he 
wrote a certain large and learned discourse on 
the errors of Popery, in his yom^ger years, 
which some of his friends would have persuaded 
him to publish at the time of the Popidiplot; 

but he was dissuaded by his friend sir Peter ; 

probably he would not the less have written his 
piece against the test. 

His Diary ^ is said to have been in the posses- 
sion of one Mr. Ryley in 1698; and his lord^ 
ship is supposed to have digested Whitelock^s 
Memoirs. 

* North's Life> p. 39. 

* Biogr. p. 15 7» marg. note. 



BABL OF ANGLBSBT. 2^9 



«s!ss9CRS9Bae 



[The letter written by his lordship to sir P. Pett 
(see p« 296} is here annexed : 

^^ From my Tusculanum^ Totteridge^ July 18, 
1683. 

" Sir Peter Pett, 

^' I obeyed your commands in giving the great sir 
George Ent a taste of my villa fare. I hope you sea- 
toned it with your wonted good discourse. I envy you 
nothing of your happiness, but that I had not a part 
in it; for I delight ih nothing more than such 
company iirom whom I ever part the better and 
the wiser. I acknowledge the favour in the two 
tbeeta you sent me, which were so far from satis- 
fying me, that they served but to whet my appetite to 
desire that you would after so long an expectation 
given, ultimam manum ponere to that work, wherein 
yoix do pingere (Btemitati; and from which it is pitty 
the publick should be withheld longer. 

^^I remember after Cicero's incomparable parts and 
learning had advanced him in Rome to the highest ho- 
nours and offices of that famous commonwealth, that 
by C»sar*s usurpations upon the publick, there was no 
longer place either in the senate or hall of justice for 
the Romanum eloquvum he had made so much his 
study, and wherein he had before Cassar himself 
shewed how much he excelled, he betook himself 
wholy to the common consolation of wise men in dit- 



300 EABL OP AN6LBSBT. 

trtBS, the use and practice of philosophy, and therdn 
with an industry and stile answerable to the diviness 
of the purpose, undertook for the benefit of all ages, 
the most religious and sacred part of philosophy, the 
nature of the Godhead ; wherein amidst a cloud of 
various and opposite errours, and the thick darkness of 
a benighted ignorance, he acquitted himself to admi- 
ration ; insomuch, that I may account him, as some 
great authors have done, the divine philosopher as well 
as Seneca. 

** And if I had reason to doubt what his opinion 
might be concerning a Deity, or whether his works 
evince not the true Deity and religion, yet I am sure 
they tend strongly to the overthrowing the Jalsei 
which the very worshippers of those ignoti Dei were 
so sensible of, that they conspired the destruction of 
this work of his, insomuch, that in the reign of Dio« 
clesian, that great bigott (as I may call him) of the 
heathenish idolatry, and the enemy of the Christian 
religion, these three books de natur& Deorumj and his 
other two, of divination, were publickly burnt, in 
company with the writings of the Christians, A.C. 
302, as most famous chronologers and others have 
recorded. In particular, Amobius sharply (though 
then no Christian) inveighs against the burners of 
these books of Cicero, in these words, viz. * but before 
* all others, Tully the most eloquent of the Romans, 

< not fearing the imputation of impiety, with gieatin- 
' genuity, freedom, and exactness, shews what bis 
^ thoughts were ; and yet (saith he) I hear of some 

< that are much transported against these books of bis. 



EARL OF ANGLESEY. 30 i 

* and give out that the senate ought to decree the abo* 

* lishingof them^as bringing countenance to the Chris* 

* tian religion, and impairing the authority of anU- 
Equity: rather (said he) if you believe you have 
' ought certain to deliver^ as to your deities, convince 

* Cicero of error, confute and explode his evil doc- 
^ trine. For to destroy writings, or go about to hinder 
' the common reading of them, is not to defend the 
' gods I but to be afraid of the testimony of truth/ 
Thus far Amobius : and I could not leave Cicero and 
his books in a more illustrious place than amidst these 
bright flames, wherein the divine writings were con- 
sumed. For what greater honour than for him to be 
joyned with Christ, in the same cause and punish^ 
ment ? I should not have so far advanced the pattern 
of Cicero in a Christian kingdom, but that we are so 
far degenerated from the primitive ones, that Tullye's 
morality, if not divinity, goes beyond us. When the 
age is receptive of better examples (though you need 
them not) I should willingly insinuate them to others. 

'^ You see, I give a begmning to our intercourse, 
wherein you were not wont to flinch : and when you 
write to Bugden, pray let the learned and good 
bishop know, I am as much his as ever, though the 
whole body of Papists seem now to be confuting hii» 
before judged irrefragable book ; and bring in the Pro- 
testanu by head and shoulders; to what he evinced^ 
were their maxims and practice ; so that now nmtato 
nomine de nobis fabula narratur. But the God of 
Iruth^ in the thing wherein they deal proudly and 



302 BASL OP ANGLBSSr. 

bUsly, will shew bimsdf above tbem. To him I 
oommit you^ and in him I am your afifecdonate friend 
and servant 

«^ Anglesey/' 

Bishop Buroet gave the following harsh report of 
this nobleman: 

'* Annesley, advanced to be earl of Anglesey, had 
much more kn6wledge than the earl of Shaftesbury^ 
and was very learned, chiefly in the law. He had the 
faculty of speaking indefatigably upon every subject, 
but he spoke ungracefully, and did not know that he 
was not good at raillery, for he was always attempting 
it He understood our government well, and had 
examined far into the original of our constitution. He 
was capable of ^eat application ; and was a man of a 
grave deportment; hut stuck at nothing and was 
ashamed of nothing. He was neither loved nor trusted 
by any man on any side ; and he seemed to have no 
r^ard to common decencies, but sold every thing that 
was in his power, and sold himself so often, that at 
last the price fell so low, that he grew useless'." 
Wood had previously told us, ^' he was a person very 
subtil, cunning, and reserved in the managing and 
transacting his affairs, of more than ordinary parts, and 
one who had the command of a very smooth, sharp, 
and keen pen t he was also much conversant in books^'* 
&c. ** ; and left behind him a choice library, which was 

* Hist, of the Reign of Charles II. voL L p. 134. 

* Athene, vol. ii. col. 789. 



BARL OP ANGLESEY. 303 

sold by auction after his decease* Dr. Kippis observes^ 
that both Wood and Burnet have been too severe in 
their censures; though still we search in vain for a 
perfect consistency in the earl of Anglesey's character; 
or, he might have added^ in that of any man.] 



304 



GEORGE VILLIERS, 
SECOND DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM- 

When this extraordinary man, with the figure 
and genius of Alcibiades *, could equally charm 
the presbyterian Fairfax, and the dissolute 
Charles : when he alike ridiculed that wit^ 
king and his solemn chancellor ; when he plot- 
ted the ruin of his country with a cabal of bad 
ministers, or, equally unprincipled, supported its 
cause with bad patriots ; one laments that such 
parts should have been devoid of every virtue. 
But when Alcibiades turns chemist^ when he is 
a real bubble, and a visionary miser; when am- 
bition is but a frolic ; when the worst designs are 
for the foolishest ends ; contempt extinguishes 
all reflections on his character. 

The portrait of this duke has been drawn by 

■ [Flecknoe thus describes himy in Euterpe revived : 
** The gallant'st person, and the noblest mindc 
'In all the world his prince could ever finde* 
Or to participate his private cares. 
Or bear the publick weight of hit affiun. 
Like well-built arches, stronger with thdr we|gli^ 
And well-built minds, the steadier with €bA Iwaghty 
Such was the composition and frame 
O' the noble and the gallant Buckiiigham.]} 



* 

i 






1 




^■^3-.V(J-VlI-IjIEKS..ilJ)rKF, or J'SrfKINGHAM, 



I 



DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM. 305 

four masterly haads ; Burnet has hewn it out 
with his rough chisel ; Count Hamilton^ touched 
it with that slight delicacy that finishes while it 
seems but to sketch ; Dryden^ catched the living 
likeness; Pope^ completed the historical re- 
semblance. Yet the abilities of this lord ap- 
pear in no instance more amazing, than that be- 
ing exposed by two of the greatest poets, he has 
exposed one of them ten times more severely. 
Zimri is an admirable portrait; but Bayes an 
original creation. Dryden satirised Bucking- 
ham ; but Villiers made Dryden satirise him- 
self ^ 

« 

' Vide Memoires de Grammont. 

* Zimri in Absalom and AchitopheL 

[^ A man so variousy that he seem'd to be 
Not one* but all mankind's epitome. 
Stiff in opinions^ always in^ the wrong, 
He 's every thing by starts» and nothing long: 
Bat in the course of one revolving moon. 
Was chymisty fidler, statesman, and iH^fibcfQ. 
In squandering wealth w^s hia peculiar art. 
Nothing went unrewarded but desert* 
Beggar'd by fools, when still he found, too latCf 
He had. his jest, and they had his c^ate." J 
. * In the Bpistk to Lord Bathurst. 

* [In a lampoon ascribed to Drydat, the writer sayti 
^ His gsKt hai tormented the players more 
Than the Howards or Fkcknoes, or all the stove 

Of d d dull rogues that Ver plagued them before." 

Poenu on State Afbixj^ v^L ii. p. ax^-] 

VOL. III. X 



306 GBOBGE VILLIEBS^ 

An instance of astonishing quickness is related 
of this duke : being present at the first repre* 
sentation of one of Dryden*s pieces of heroic 
nonsense, where a lover says, 

" My wound is great, because it is so small ^*' 

the duke cried out, 

" Then *t would be greater^ were it nooe at alL" 

The play was instantly damned* 
His grace wrote, 

" The Rehearsal," 1671'. 

" The Chances, a Comedy ;*• 
altered from Beaumont and Fletcher. 

'^ Reflections upon Absalom and Achito* 
phel^" 

' [In another of his tlagedies, says Dr.Lort, is this fine: 
** I follow Fate, which does too htt punue;" 
so I think one may fiiirly say of Dryden, in mofe tenses than 
one, ** none but himself can be his parancL"] 

' [This comedy, Mr. Reed observes, is io perfect a master- 
piece in its way, and so truly an original, tha^ notwithatandiiv 
its prodigious success, eren the task of imitatioa, whidi most 
kinds of excellence have excited inferior geniuses to undertale^ 
has appeared as too arduous to be attempted with itfaid to 
this, which through a Whole century still stands akMic^ obt^ 
withstanding that the very plays it was written opttssly to ri- 
dicule, are fbrgotten, and the taste it was meant to tT ft«» , 
totally exploded* Btog. Dram. toL f.' p. 460. j 

f Athoias, vol. iL p. S05. 



I>UK£ OP BUCKINGHAM. 307 

^'^ A'Speedi in the House of Lords, Novem- 
ber i6, 1675, for leave to bring in a Bill of In- 
dulgence to all Protestant Dissenters ;** 
printed with lord Shaftesbury's speech (above 
mentioned) for appointing a day to hear Dr. 
Shirley's case ^. 

^^ A short Discourse upon the Reasonable- 
ness of Men's having a Religion or Worship of 
God.'* Lond. l685. 

It passed through three editions. Soon after 
the first edition, came out, A short Answer to 
his Grace the Duke of Buckingham's Papers 
concerning Religion, Toleration, and Liberty 
of Conscience ; to which the duke made a lu- 
dicrous and very good answer, called 

^*TheDuke of Buckingham his Grace's Letter 
to the unknown Author of a Paper intituled A 
Short Answer, &c. s." Lond. l685. 

This occasioned several more pamphlets. 

" A Demonstration of the Deity," 
published a little before his grace's death. 

" Verses on two Lines of Mr. Edward How- 
ard ;" 

printed in the third part of Miscellany Poems, 
1693. 

* Athcnse, vol. iL p. ^35. 

^ Somen'iTnicts, voLi. p. 367. 



308 GIOBGS VHXISRS^ 

^^ A Translation ci Horace*8 Ode bc^nning^ 
Fartuna s^evo.** 

In the fourth part 

" A Letter to Sir Thomas Osborn.** 

Besides the above, a few pieces by this duke 
are scattered through two volumes, called 

*' The Works of his Grace Gecn^ Villiers, 
late Duke of Buckingham,** Lond.171^^ 

These volumes are a bookseller's misceUany^ 
containing various poems and q)eeche8 of aO 
times ; what belong to his grace are (in the first 
volume), 

^^ The Restoration ; or. Right will take pkie^; 
a Tragi-comedy*.'* 

'^ The Battle of Sedgemore^ a satirical politi-^ 
cal Farce." 

'< The Militant Couple ; or the Husband 
may thank himself: a Fragment." 

^' Pindaric on the Death of Lord Fairfax.** 

« To his Mistress.** 

" A Description of Fortune.** 

" Epitaph on Felton,** 
who murdered his grace*s father ^. The editor 

* [Evant, the bookseller, published a complete edkioa d 
the duke's works, in two volumes, Svo. 1775.] 

* [This very paltry performance has bcea attributed injiiri* 
ously to the duke of Buckingham. Biog. Draiii.-vol. iL p. 304.] 

^ [To whom probably the following state paper is to be ic- 



BU^B OP BUCKINGHAM. . 309 

pretemds that this could not be written by the 
duke ; but I know no principles he had to pre- 
vent his being the author : indeed it is more 
bombast thari offensive. 

''A consolatory Epistle to Captain Julian, 
the Muses Newsmonger, in his Confinement^." 

*' A Character of an ugly Woman ; or, a 
Hue and Cry after Beauty/' 
in prose, written in 1 678. 

^^ The lost Mistress ; a Complaint against 
the Countess of ******;• j675. 

This was probably the countess of Shrews- 
bury, whose lord he killed in a duel on her 
account, and who is said to have held the duke's 
horse, disguised like a page, during the com- 
bat ; to reward his prowess in which, she went 
to bed to him in the shirt stained with her hus- 
band's blood. The loves of this tender pair 
are recorded by Pope : 



ferred : ** A Manifesto or Remonstrance of the most Honorable 
tlie Duke of Buckangham, Oenerall of the Armie of the most 
gracious King of Great Britainci containing Declarations of 
hit Bfajetty's Intention for this present Arming. Translated 
out of the originall French Copie. Published with authority." 
LoimLi6s7» 4to. Bridgewater library.] 

* [la Ruddinun's Edinb. edit. 17 $4* which is said to con- 
tain his grace's genuine works, this piece it followed bya simi- 
lar lampooni entitkdi ^ A funiliar Epistle to Bfr. Jnliani Secre« 
tary to the Motet."] 

X3 



810 GBOBGB VlhhtEMf 

'' Gilhnt and gajr, in Gihreden*t prood akcyfe. 
The bow'r of wanton Shieanbory and Loife.'* 

Four poems by the duke and lord Rochester; 

" Upon Nothing." 

"A Session of the Poets." 

" A Satire on the Follies of the Men of the 
Age." And 

" Timon, a Satire on some new Hays." 

" Three Letters to Lord Arlington and Lord 
Berkeley." 

'' His Examination by the House of G>m- 
mons, in which he confessed some Vzxt of his 
own bad Administration, and betrayed more of 
his Assodate Arlington." 

^^ Speech in the House of Lords^ Novem- 
ber 16, 1675." Vide above, p. 307. 

*' Speech at a Q)nference, 1675." 

^^ Speech in the House of Lords, to prove 
the Parliament dissolved." 

For this speech he, with Shaftesbuiy, Salis- 
bury, and the real whig Wharton^ were sent to 
the Tower. 

(In the second volume), '^ AKey to the Re-^ 
hearsal." 

'^ An Account of a Conference between the 
Duke and Father Fitzgerald, whom King James 
sent to convert his Grace in his Sickness.** 

This has humour. 



DVKM OF BUCJUNGHAM. 311 

'< Essay upon Reason and Religion/* 
in a letter to Neville Pain, Esq, 

*' On human Reason/' 
addressed to Martin Clifford, Esq. 

" Five Letters on Election Affairs,'* &c. 

" Ten little burlesque and satirical Poems." 



[This witty and eccentric nobleman, whose mingled 
character, as Mr. Reed observes % rendered him at 
once the ornament and disgrace, the envy and ridicule 
of the court he lived in ; was son to that ill-starred 
favourite of Charles the first, who lost hi^ life by the 
hand of Felton. Thus deprived of his father while 
an infant, he received the early parts of his education 
from various domestic tutors, and completed a course 
of studies at Cambridge, before he went abroad. 
Upon his return, after the breaking out of the civil 
war, he sided with the royalists. At the decline of 
the king's cause, he attended prince Charles into 
Scodand, and was with him at the battle of Worces- 
ter ; after which, making his escape beyond sea, he 
again joined him, and as a reward for his attachment 
was made a knight of the garter. Desirous, however, 
of retrieving his affaiis, he came privately to En^and, 
and in 1657 married the daughter of lord Fairfax, 
through whose interest he recovered the greater part of 

* In Biog. Dram. vol.L p. 457. 
X 4 



S12 OBOB6B VIIXIBBft» 

t^ estate which he had lost. Yet thia step does not 
appear to have lost him the royal favour: for after the 
restoration, be was made one of the lords of the hed- 
chamber, called to the privy council, appointed lord 
lieutenant of York, and master of the horse. All 
these high offices, however, he lost again in 1666: for 
having been refused the post of president of the north, 
he became disaffected to the king 5 endeavoured to 
raise mutinies among the forces, and to stir up sedition 
among the people. The detection of this affair so ex- 
asperated the king, that he ordered Buckingham to be 
seized : but the duke found means to escape, notwith- 
standing a proclamation was issued, requiring his sur- 
render; and the king being soon after appeased by a 
show of humble submission, the duke was taken 
again into favour. In 1670 he was supposed to be 
concerned in an attempt on the duke of Ormond's 
life : but it does not seem that this transaction weak- 
ened his interest at college or at court ; for in 167 1 he 
was installed chancellor of the university of Cam- 
bridge, and was sent embassadpr to France, and the 
next year was employed in a second embassy at 
Utrecht. In 1674 he resigned the chancellorship of 
Cambridge, and about the same time became a parti- 
san and favourer of the Non-conformists. In Febru- 
ary 1676 he was committed to the Tower by order of 
the house of lords % for refusing to retract the purport 
of a speech concerning a dissolution of parliament ; 

* His letter written during this confinement to Charkt the 
second, is given by Collins. 



BUK.^ OF BVCKIN6HAM. 313 

f 

hit upon « petition to the king> was diseturged the 
May feUowitig. In 1 680 he joined the earl of Sbaftes- 
baiy in all the violences of opposition ; and falling 
into a bad state of health, about the time of king 
Charles's death, he went into the country, where he 
continued till his decease on April 169 1688, an event 
which happened at a tenant's house at Kirkby Moor- 
side, after three days illness, arising from a cold which 
he caught by sitting on the ground after fox-hunting. 
He was buried in Westminster abbey'. 

^' Of his personal character/' adds Mr. Reed, '^ it is 
impossible to say any thing in vindication ; for though 
his severest enemies acknowledge him to have pos- 
sessed great vivacity and a quickness of parts peculiarly 
adapted to the purposes of ridicule, yet his warmest 
advocates have never attributed to him a single virtue. 
His generosity was profiiseness; his wit malevolence; 
and the gratification of his passions his sole aim 
through life\ As he had lived a profligate, he died a 
b^ar, and as he had raised no friend in his life, he 
found none to lament him at his death. As a writer, 
however, he stands in a quite different point of view. 
There we see the wit and forget the libertine. His 
poems, which indeed are not very numerous, are 
capital in iheir kind^." This praise appears excessive, 

* Biog. Dram, ut sup. and Biog. Diet. vol. xv. p. zoa. 

* It deserves, however, to be remarkedy that the memoir 
prefixed to his works informs us he bestowed a handsome an- 
nuity upon CowJey during life^ and a noble monument in West- 
jninster abbey after his death* 

* Biog. Dram, ut sup. 



3J4 G£ORG£ VlLHEliS, 

for he had so vitiated a taste^ and so vulgar a atyle^ 
that^ except bis Pindaric on Lord Fairfax, the fellow* 
ing is perhaps the only effort of his muse which cab be 
selected without confening blame on the sdector. 

'' TO HIS MISTRESS. 

'' What a dull fool wasi 
To think so gross a lie^ 
As that I ever was in love before ? 
I have^ perhaps, known one or two 
With whom I was content to be. 
At that which they call keeping company ; 
But after all chat they could do, 
I still could be with more ; 
Their absence never made me shed a tear , 

And I can truly swear. 
That till my ejts first gaz'd on you, 
I ne*er beheld that thing I could adore. 

*' A world of things must curiously be sought, 

A world of things must be together brought 

To make up charms, which have the power to move. 

Through a discerning eye, true love ; 

That is a master-piece above 

What only looks and shape can do. 

There must be wit and judgment too } 

Greatness of thought and worth, which draw 

From the whole world, respect and awe. 

" She that would nuse a noble bve, must find 
Ways to beget a pasuon for her mind i 
She must be that which she to be would seem j 
For all true love is grounded on esteem : 



DUKB OF BUCKINGHAM. 315 

Fbunness and trath gain more a generous heart 

Than all the crooked subtleties of art. 

She must be-^what said I ?— 4he must be you , 

None but yourself that miracle can do. 

At least, I *m sure, thus much I plainly see. 

None but yourself e*er did it upon me : 

T b you alone that can my heart subdue ; 

To you alone it always shall be true.*'] 



3l6 



HENEAGE FINCH, 
SECOND EARL OF WINCHELSEA, 

First cousin of the chancellor Nottingham, 
made a figure at the same period. He was inti- 
mate with Monke, and concerned in the Re- 
storation ; soon after which he was sent embas- 
sador to Mahomet the fourth. Monke had 
given the earl the government of Dover castle, 
which was continued to him; and when king 
James was stopped at Feversham, he sent for 
the earl of Winchelsea, who prevailed on the 
king to return to London. The earl voted for 
giving the crown to king William, by whom be 
was continued lord lieutenant of Kent. He died 
soon after, in 1 689. On his return from Con- 
stantinople, visiting Sicily, he was witness to a 
terrible convulsion of Mount ^tna, an account 
of which he sent to the king, and which was 
soon after published by authority, in a very thin 
quarto, vnth this title, 

^^ A true and exact Relation of the late pro- 
digious Earthquake, and Eruption of Mount 
.^Btna, or Monte-Gibello; as it came in a Let^ 
ter written to his Majesty from Naples. By 
the Right Honourable the Earle of Windiilsea^ 



SECOND EARL OF WINCHELSEA. 317 

his Majesties late Ambassador at Constanti- 
nople, who in his Return from thence, visiting 
Catania in the Island of Sicily, was an Eye-wit- 
ness of that dreadful Spectacle* Together with 
a more particular Narrative of the same, as it 
is collected out of several Relations sent from 
Catania." Lond. l669\ 
With a view of the mountain and conflagra*^ 
tion. 

* £The whole title of the tract is here giveny which appeart 
to he as much as is requisite, from the nature of the subject. J 



318 



HENRY BOOTH, 
LORD DELAMER, 

AND 

EARL OF WARRINGTON. 

It is remarkable how numy of the fairest names 
in our story have contributed to grace our me- 
moirs of literature. The lord in queaticm was 
an author, and, like his father, an active iiistnir 
ment in a revolution of government. Lord 
Henry, who was thrice imprisoned for his noble 
love of liberty % and who narrowly escaped the 
fury of James and Jefieries, lived to be com- 
missioned by the prince of Orange to order 
that king to remove from Whitehall ; a message 
which he delivered with a generous deoenqf. 
He was soon dismissed by king William, to gra- 
tify the Tories, and died in the forty-second 
year of his age, having written a vindication 
of his dear friend, under this title, 

* [On a false accuiatUm of treaioiiy tayt Boltoii» for wbich, 
in January i686» he was tried in Westminster hall hy twenty- 
seven peers, who were selected for that purpose by king James 
and his operator Jefiierys, the high-steward; but, after hear- 
ing his defence, all those peers nnanimoosly acquitted hon. 
Extinct Peeragei p. 860 



■ I 

« 
t 



■'•. 



■« • -■ 




Hkmry Booth Lokj> Ukj.amkk, 



EARL OP WARRINGTON. 310 

** The late Lord Russel's Case, with Obser- 
vations upon it *.'* 

" Speech of the Honourable Henry Booth at 
Chester, on his being elected Knight of the 
Shire for that County, March, 1680-1 \'' 

" Another Speech,** 
which seems to have been addressed to his 
county, to persuade them to join the prince of 
Orange *. 

"Charges to the Grand Jury in 1691, Q2, 
and 93/* 

'' The Works of the Right Honourable 
Henry late Lord Delamer and Ear! of Warring- 
ton, containing his Lordship's Advice to his 
Children, several Speeches in Parliament, &c, ^. 
with many other occasional Discourses on the 
Affairs of the two last Reigns; being original 
Manuscripts ^, written with his Lordship's own 
hand." Lond. 1694, 8vo. 
Dedicated to his son and successor, by the pub- 

• [Printed in folio, 1689.] 

» State Tracts, vol. ii. p. 147. 

* lb. p. 434- 

* [In p. 97 of this volume, says Dr. Lokt, a speech for the 
Exclusion Bill has this remarkable expression: " I hope it is no 
regit ad exemplum that makes our nation so lewd and 
at this day.'*] 

• [" About tbirtj^tivo*^ in number, says the 
of Dunton the bookseller.] 



320 BARL OP WARRIKGTCm. 

Usher, L de la Heuze. At the end is an degy 
on the death of his lady. 

This collection, which I have now met with, 
I had been misled in my first edition, though 
suspecting the mistake, to ascribe to the eari*8 
father sir George Booth '', who, having no tide 
to a place in this list, is accordingly omitted. 



['<The Speech of the Right Honourahle Henry 
Earl of Warrington, upon his being sworn Biayor of 
Chester, in November 1691," 
was printed on a folio half-sheet. 

This lord was the second but oiily surviving son of 
sir George Booth, first baron Delamer, whom he sac* 
ceeded in 1684; ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ committed dose 
prisoner to the Tower, under suspicion of being con- 
ceraed in some practices against the crown; but was 
set at liberty after a few months imprisonment. On 
the accession of James he was again sent prisoner to 
the Tower, was admitted to bail, and shortly after a 
third time committed. In January 1686 be was 
brought to trial before a select number of the peers*, 

' fDantoh paid the following compliment to the ftithcr and 
•on in 1705 : <* The noble earl of Warrington has gifcn carif 
proels of fteering the whole course of hit file, by the oar* 
rect and almost 'perfect example of hb noble fiither." Lifieb 

p. 4»40 

' He was accused of conq>iring to raise a rebelliMW aad to 
subvert the government, in conjunction with the duke of 



JSARL OF WA&BINGTON. 32 J 

chancellor Jefferies^ his personal enemy ^ being ap- 
pointed lord high steward, and his lordship was unani* 
mously acquitted. Upon the prince of Orange's 
landing, he raised a great force in Cheshire and Lau'^ 
cashire, with which he marched to join him : and 
his services in promoting the revolution were thought 
so meritorious, that he was appointed chancellor and 
under-treasurer of the exchequer. These oiEces, 
however, he did not continue to hold more than a year, 
and the reason appears to have been, says Dr. Kippis', 
that lord Delamer was not calculated to be a pliant 
courtier under any establishment. Though his lord- 
ship was removed from the administration, it was 
thought necessary to confer on him some mark of 
royal favour, and he was therefore created earl of War- 
rington, in April 1690: with a pension-grant of 
^2000 per annum, for the better support of that dig- 
nity. But these favours he enjoyed a very short time^ 
his death taking place on the 2d of January 1694, before 
he had completed the forty-second year of his age. 

Mr. Granger describes him as a man of a generous 
and noble nature, who disdained upon any terms to 
submit to servitude; and whose passions seemed ta 

Monmottth and other tnitors. The lords Howard and Oitf 
appeared in court against him; but they said little or HotUi^ 
to the matter in question. The prindpid evidence was one 
Sazton, an obteare fellow of an infiunous charactCTf andtfic 
)ords gave no credit to him. Granger's Biog* HisL vol. h^ 

p. »74. 
9 Biog. Brit. vol. ii. p. 41s. 

VQ)L. UI. Y 



322 BJLRL OF WARBIHGTOK. 

centre in the love of citil and religious liberty \ Dr. 
Kippis passes a farther encomium on bis pablics|ttrit| 
and applauds his private life for its strict piety^ worthy 
honour^ and humanity. 

Dunton gave him the character of '^ a very great 
man, and one that deserved well of bis country; who 
asserted the English liberties with a noble zeal^ and 
never carried bis point by noise and tumult^ but by 
prudence and strength of argument. He was a Chris* 
tian as well as a politician, though he made no bustle 
in the church ; for his principles had nothing in them 
but moderation and peace 3.^' This is a high cha« 
racter, but probably no untroe one; for the writer 
(who seems to have had a personal knowledge of those 
he has characterised) delivered his individual senti'* 
ments with a blunt veracity, and with discriminative 
observation. 

Mr. Seward has afforded the following notice of 
lord Warrington: This learned and valiant noblemaD, 
who contributed no less by bis pen than by his aword 
to bring about the revolution under William the thirdy 
thus forcibly describes the advantages of that form of 
government which he had laboured to procure for his 
countr}'meD, in one of his charges to the grand jury 
of Wilts \ 

" Gentlemen, 

^ There is not a better form of government under 
the sun, than that of England. Yet, excellent as it 
is^ I find that many are impatient under it, and thirst 

* Biog.Hist. ut sap. See also his £ptt. in ColUns's ficerage. 
^ Life and Errors, p. S37. 



BARL OF WARRINGTON. 323 

extremely after that which is called a commonwealth ; 
thinking, no doubt, to enjoy greater privileges and 
immunities than now they do. But I am apt to be- 
lieve, that they who are not contented under this form 
of government, have not considered aright what a 
commonwealth is. A commonwealth makes a sound 
and a shadow of liberty to the people, but in reality is 
but a monarchy under another name : for if monarchy 
be a tyranny under a single person, a commonwealth 
is a tyranny under several persons. As many persons 
as govern, so many tyrants. But let it be the best 
that can be ; yet the people under a commonwealth 
enjoy not that liberty which we do. As the excellency 
of this government is an argument sufficient to dis- 
suade any of us from the least attempt of alteration, 
so experience has taught us, that no sort of govern- 
ment but that under which we now live, will suit or 
agree with England. After the civil wars between 
Charles the first and his parliament, several kinds of 
government were set up one after the other ; all ways 
were tried, but nothing would do, until we were re- 
turned to our old and ancient way *." 

The volume entitled his Lordship's Works pro- 
fesses to have been printed from his original MSS. 
and contains many pages of valuable advice to his 
children, besides much political disquisition. At the 
end is an elegy on the death of lady Warrington, 
which bespeaks connubial sensibility and grateful re- 
gret, if not poetic artifice or skill. His lordship's 

* Seward's Anecd. vol.ii. p. zo6. 
y2 



324 £ARL OF WABRINGTOK. 

more general lamentation on the lot of man, fiuiy 
best perhaps endure transcription. 

" How Tain is every thing that lives by breath. 
That's only bonii to be destroy'd by death ! 
And an the while it doth its breath retain> 
Is sore of nothing, but of toyi and paih. 
And only toyls that it may toyI again. 
And of all things that dins so wretched are> 
It is man's lot to have the worser share : 
He that was made the lord of all the resk. 
Is dooro*d with anxious cares to be oppiest^ 
Being decreed by an eternal law 
In a most tedious irksome yoke to draw : 
For he oiust sweat and toyl, if he will live. 
From which he never must expect reprieve. 
Those things that do him *bove the beast prefer. 
Serve only for to waste his days with care. 
And make him fondly after baubles run. 
To seek for rest and find himself undone. 
His reason often does to madness grow. 
His knowledge does his scanty talent show : 
Wretched he is, if he abound or want. 
Unceasing racks the needy soul does rent; 

if it chance his goods do overflow, 
(As few there are to whom it happens so,) 
The fear of losing what he has, destrojrs 

1 be pleasure of those things which be enjoys.'*] 



.\ 



32& 



HENRY, 

THIRD LORD ARUNDEL OF 
WARDOUR, 

Owe of the lords imprisoned for the Popish 
plot, had behaved with distinguished bravery in 
the quarrel of Charles the first ; but the merit 
of his religion and suflferings were stronger re- 
commendations to James the second, in whose 
short reign lord Arundel was lord privy-seal, and 
much trusted. In a paltry collection, called 

*^ A Collection of eighty-six loyal Poems," 
printed in l685, by one * of the lowest tools of 
the Roman Catholic faction, I find five little 
Meditations in verse, ascribed to this lord, and 
said to be written whilst he was prisoner in the 
Tower. 

In another poem in this collection; p. 227^ it 
is said that Arundel was to have been chancel- 
lor '. Another, on the death of Charles the 

" [Nat. Thompaon, the publisher, seems also to have been 
the compiler of this collectiooy v^ich contains many pieces af- 
terwards inserted in the State Poems.3 

* [Lord Arundel, of old »o warlike and boldf * 
Made choice of a chancellor^ j gown we are told. 
All these did conspire with the lord Castlemain, 
Who now his good dutchcis will ne'er catch again." j 

Y 3 



326 LORD ARUNDEL. 

second, is so ridiculously bad, that I cannot help 
quoting the two first lines of it : 

" Hang all the streets with sable sad; and call 
The royal palace Black, and not /jP^i/e-hall.** 

The most remarkable piece in this miscellany, 
in which there are a few of a better style, is the 
elegy of Charles the first, which I have before 
mentioned, and which being printed, and as- 
cribed to him in the life of his son, is a strong 
presumption of its authenticity. 



[This lord was the son of Thomas, lord Arundel, 
and lady Blanch Somerset, the heroine who bravely 
defended Wardour with a few men, for nine days, 
against the parliamentary forces under the command of 
Hungerfbrd and Ludlow. In 1678 Henry lord Arun- 
del was committed to the Tower upon the information 
of that miscreant Titus Oates, and impeached by the 
commons of high crimes, 8cc« without being brought 
to trial. He continued in confinement till 1683, when 
he was admitted to bail. He was constituted lord 
keeper of the privy-seal, and knight of the Bath, in 
1686, and retiring to his seat at Breamore, on the ab* 
dication of James the second, he lived in great boS'^ 
pitality till his death in December 1694^. 

« Collins's Peerage, voLvii. p. 50. 



LORD ABUNDEL. 327 

The foHowing is one of the five poems attributed to 
^* Lord Arundel of Warder, and Count of the sacred 
Roman Empire,'' and confers some credit on his 
lordship's moral sentiments and manly style. 

'' A VALEDICTION TO THE WORLD. 

" Hence, all ye visions of the world*s delight. 
You treach*rous dreams of our deluded sense. 
Passion too long hath seiz*d on reason's rights 
And play*d the tyrant in her own defence : 
Her flattering fancies hurri'd me ahout 
To seek content which 1 could ne'er find out. 
If any pleasure did slide o*er my sence. 
It left a mark of shame when it went thence 3 
And when possest, it relished no more^ 
And I remain*d as thirsty as before : 
Those pleasant charms that did my heart seduce, 
Seera'd great, pursued, but less'ned in the use. 
And that false flame that kindled my desire. 
Ere I could taste, the pleasure did expire. 
But reason now shall re-possess her throne. 
And grace restore what nature had overthrown. 
My better genius prompts me to declare 
Against those follies, and to side with her : 
She tells me, 'tis high time to stemm that tide 
Whose torrent doth us from ourselves divide. 
Those brutal passions do un-man our mind. 
And rule, where virtue had them slaves design'd. 
Such usurpation shall prevail no more, 
I will to reason her just rights restore j 
And make my rebel heart that duty pay 
To her, which to my sence was cast away. 

y4 



3'28 LOBB A&UNDSL. 

BotthiSf dear Lord! most be thy work^ not min^ 

Tbj grace must finish what I but design : 

It is thy pow'r akme that first doth mo?e. 

Then give us strength to execute and love. 

For nature hath by custom sa prevail'd. 

And such dominion o*er our sence entail*d. 

That we can never hope but by thy hand 

To free our captive souls firom her command. 

That fiital liberty which for our good 

Thou gav*st us, was ill us*d> worse understood. 

Men made by reason not like beasts t' obey ; 

Losing that reason, prove more beasts than they: 

And sure they lose it, when they do dispence 

With their known duty, to delight the sence. 

Since then thy bounty doth my heart inspire. 

Make me to do, as well as to desire : 

Set so my warring heart fi'om passions free> 

That it may ne*er love any thing but Thee ! 

By thy sweet force my stubborn heart incline 

To quit my conduct, and to follow thine : 

So shall my soul a double conquest prove. 

Bought by thy blood, and conquer*d by thy love *.**3 

* Loyal Poems, p. a 14* 




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329 



GEORGE SAVILS, 
MARQUIS OF HAUFAX, 

A MAN more remarkable for his wit than hid 
^eadiness^ and whom an ingenious modem his* 
torian * has erected into a principal character in 
the reign of Charles the second. But when old 
histories are re-written^ it is necessary to set 
persons and facts in new lights from what they 
were seen by cotemporaries ^. Voltaire^ speak- 
ing of Dupleix^ says% that he was the first who 
introduced the custom of qlioting his authori- 
ties in the margin^ ^^ precaution absolument 
n^cessaire, quand on n*6crit pas Thistoire de son 

* Mr.Humey who obsenres that the marquis's TariatioDt 
might be the effects of his integrity, rather than of his ambi-* 
tioo. They might; but it is doubtful. [Dryden seemed to 
be of Hume's opimon, for he is described 

of piercing wit and pregnant thought. 
Endued by nature, and by learning taught 
To move assemblies; who but only try'd 
The worse awhile, then chose the better side : 
Nor chose alone, but turn'd the balance too ; 
So much the weight of one brave man can do. 

Absalom and Achitophel.] 

* In order to which, it is best to omit referring eren to those 
authors that are used in the compilation. 

^ Ecrivains du Siede de Louis XIV. 



330 MABQUIS OF HALIFAX. 

teiBS.** However, the dictator of this sentence, 
and author of that beautiful Essay on universal 
History, has totally forgot his own rule; and 
has indeed left that work a most charming 
bird's-eye landscape, where one views the whole 
in picturesque confusion, and imagines the ob- 
jects more delightful than they are in reality, 
and when examined separately. The marquis 
wrote, 

" The Anatomy of an Equivalent^.'* 
" A Letter to a Dissenter, upon Occasion of 
his Majesty's late gracious Declaration of In- 
dulgence," i6&7^. 

<< An Essay upon Taxes, calculated for the 
ptresent Juncture of Affairs in England.** 1 6g3i'. 
" Advice to a Daughter *.'* 
" The Character of a Trimmer/* 

* PHnted in the CoIlectioD of State Tracts, vol. n. p. 300. 

* Printed among Somen's Tracts, vol. ii. p. 364. 
' lb. vol. iv. p. 63. 

* [Republished under the title of ** The Lady's New Yearns 
Gift," in 1705. Philip, lord Stanhope» son to the earl of Chet- 
terfieldy marrM Elizabeth, daughter of the marquis of Hali- 
fax. The marquis and the earl qoarrelled* and the latter made 
his son bring his wife to Lichfield; breaking off all inter- 
eonrse between the funilies. Lady Stanhope had always on 
her toilette her father's ^ Advice to a Daughter :" her fiuhcr- 
in4aw took it up one day, and wrote in the title-page^ ** La- 
bour in vain." Walpoliana, voLii. p. 9. 



MARQUIS OF HALIFAX. 331 

" Maxims of State applicable to all Times ^'^ 

** Character of Bishop Burnet *.** 

" A seasonable Address to both Houses d 
Parliament^ concerning the Succession^ the Fears 
of Popery and arbitrary Government,'' 1 68 1 '. 

** Cautions for Choice of Parliament-men." 

*^ A rough Draught of a new Model at Sea." 

^' Lord Halifax's historical Observation upon 
the Reigns of Edward I. II. III. and Richard IIw 
with Remarks upon their faithful Counsellors 
and false Favourites," 1 689 *. 

Seven of these pieces were printed together 
in 8vo. 1704, under the title of 

^^ Miscellanies by the late Marquis of Halifax. 
A Character of King Charles the Second; and 
political, morale and miscellaneous Thoughts 
and Reflections ;" 

published by his grand-daughter the countess of 
Burlington. 



[The advertisement prefixed to the above volume an- 
nounces it to be published Jrom the original manu- 

* Printed among the works of VilUcrs duke of Biickingfaani'» 
vol. ii. p. 137. 

* Printed at the end of the bishop's History of his own 
Times. 

* Somers's Tracts^ second collect. voKiiL p. 346k 
^ Harl. CataL vol. i. p. 438. 



332 MAEQUI8 OF HALIFAX. 

icripU of lord Halifax, in the possession of his grand* 
daughter Dorothy, but not hy her. It was printed in 
1750, 8vo. 

The marquis also wrote 

*^ Memoirs, of his pwn Life," 
says Mr* Seward ^ i the manuscript was in the pos- 
session of the late earl of Burlington. His lordship 
bad a failing too commonly incident to persons who 
bav^ some wit but more vanity : according to Dr. Bur- 
net?, be let his wit frequently turn upon matters of 
rdigi<»i ; 80 that he passed for a bold .^d determined 
atheist; though, adds the bishop, ^' be often protested 
to me he was not one, and he believed there was not 
one in the world.'' 

Lord Halifax was descended from an ancient family 
|0 Yorkshire, and born about 1630, as has been con- 
jectured from the time of returning from his travels*. 
He contributed to bring about the Restoration, and 
soon distinguishing himself after that sera by his abi- 
lities, was created baron Savile and viscount Halifax, 
in 1667'. He was called to the privy-council in 
1672, and in the same year went over to Holland as 
embassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to treat 
about a peaqe with France. In 1675 he opposed with 
vigour th^ Qon-resistiag test bill ; and was removed 
from the council-board the year following, by the in- 
terest of lord Danby,: whom be had.prpv^Kd 1^ a 

V 

. *. ADecd«.voLii« p».9i7.^ 

^ Hist, of hit own Times, vol. i. p. 37/* 
* New Biog. Diet. ^oL xiiu p.s66. ' 
" '■ - • Bolton'^ Extinct ^eerag^ p. 137. - c,- 






MAEatJIS^ OF BALIPAX. 333 

ivittteisin. However, upon a change of ministry in 
1679, he was made a member of the new council. 
When the bill of exclusion was brought into the 
house of lords, he appeared with great resolution at 
the head of the debates against it. This so highly ex* 
asperated the commons, that they addressed the king 
to remove him from his councils and presence for 
ever: but he prevailed with his majesty soon after to 
dissolve that parliament, and was created ^n eatl. 
After many political vexations he was made a marquis 
in 1682, and lord privy^seal, and upon king Jafikfs's 
accession, president of the council : but on refusing 
his consent to the repeat of the tests, he was dismtssed 
from all public employments. In the cohventioir par^ 
liament he was afterwards chosen speaker of the house 
of peers, and strongly supported the princ^ of Orange, 
upon whose accession hewasagkin mad^ pHvy-seal: 
but in the session of 1689I, upon ah inquiry into the 
author of the prosecutions against lord Russel and AU 
gemon Sidney, the marquis having been concerned 
ill those measures, quitted the courts and became a 
zealous opposer of the measures of govemnfient, till 
his death, which happened in April 1695. 

Bishop Burnet, fron^ personal knowledge^ charac- 
terises him as a man bf great and ready wit, full of 
life and very pleasant, btit mucV tum^ t6 satire. '' In 
a fit of sickness,' • say^ the bishop, <' I knew him 
very much touched with a sense of religion. I was 
then often with him ; he seemed fiill of good purposes; 
but they went off with his sickness. He was always 
alkiiig of morality and friendship* He was punctual 



834 MARaUIS OF RALIFAH^. 

lb his paymenUy and just in all private dealings : baif 
with relation to the public, be went backwards and 
forwards, and changed sides so often, that in concln- 
aion no side trusted him : he seemed full of common- 
wealth notions, yet he went into the worst part of king 
Charles's reign. The liveliness of his imagination 
was always too hard for his judgment. A severe jest 
was preferred by him to all ai^gumenta whatever ;: and 
he was endless in consultations : for when, after much 
discourse, a point was settled, if he could find a new 
jest, to make even that which was suggested by him- 
self seem ridicubus, he could not hold, but would 
study to raise the credit of his wit ; though it made 
ethers call his judgment in question. When he talked 
to me, as a philosopher, of the contempt of the 
world ; I asked him what he meant by gettii^ so many 
new titles, which I called the hanging himsdf -about 
with bells and tinsel. He had no other excuse for it 
but this, that since the world were such fools as^to 
value those matters, a man must he a fool for com- 
pany : he considered them but as rattles, yet rattles 
please children; so these might be of use to his 
family 3." 

The following specimens of his lordship's literary 
ingenuity and worldly observation are taken from bis 

** Moral Thoughts and Reflections :" 

^^ Time hath thrown a vail upon the faults of fbr« 
mer ages, or else we should see the same deformities 
we condemn in the present times. 

* Hist, ttt sup. p. $76. 



MABaUIS OF HALIFAX^ 33d 

'^ A man that steps aside from the world and hath 
leisure to observe it without interest or design^ thinkt 
all mankind as mad as they think him, for not agree- 
ing with them in their mistakes. 

^^ Popularity is a crime froni the moment it is 
sought : it is only a virtue where nien have it^ wbe^ 
ther they will or no. It is generally an appeal to the 
people from the sentence given by men of sense against 
them : it is stepping very low to get very high. 

^' Cunning is so apt to grow into knavery^ that an 
honest man will avoid the temptation of it: but jnien 
in this age are half bribed by the ambition of circmn* 
venting, without any other encouragement* 

'^ An honest man must lose so many bccasions of 
getting, that the world will hardly allow him the cha- 
racter of an able one. 

<' There are five orders of fools, as of building: 
I. The blockhead; 2. coxcomb ; 3. vain blockhead ; 
4. grave coxcomb ; 5. the half-witted fellow : this 
last is of the composite order. 

'^ A fool will admire or like nothing that he under- 
stands; a man of sense, nothing but what he under- 
stands. 

*' Anger may have some excuse for being blind, 
but malice none; for malice hath time to look be* 
fore it. 

'^ Heraldry is one of those foolish things that may 
yet be too much despised. There is a good use to be 
made of the most contemptible things, and an ill one 
of those that are the most valuable. 

*' They who are of opinion that money will do every 



336 MARQUIS OP HALIFAX. 

tlungy may very well be suspected to do every ihtng 
for money. 

** The reading of most men is like a wardrobe of 
old cloaths that are seldom used* 

^^ Mens words are bullets that their enemies take up 
and make use of against them. 

*^ He that can be quite indifferent when he seeth 
another man injured^ hath a lukewarm honesty that a 
wise man will not depend upon. 

^^ He that is not concerned when he seeth an ill 
thing done to another^ will not be very eager to do a 
good one himself. 

^' Eagerness is apt to overlook consequences; it is 
loth to be stopt in its career; for where men are in 
great haste^ they see only in a straight line. 

^^ Out-doing is so near reproaching^ that it will ge- 
nerally be thought very ill company. Any thing 
that shincth doth in some measure tarnish every thing 
that standeth next to it."] 




[;>•- on (;,!■; KarHjOP Bkkkbj.ky. 



tfF'kfiitet }>i,J.Si,aN.-'i 



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337 



GEORGE, 
EARL OF BERKELEY, . 

The first earl of that ancient line*, distin- 
guished his piety by bestowing on the public li - 
brar}' of Sion college, for the use of the city 
clergy ^, a valuable library collected by sir Ro- 
bert Coke ; and by the following religious tracts 
^^ Historical Applications and occasional Me- 
ditations* upon several Subjects. Written by a 
Person of Honour, 1670." ]2ino.*. 

* [And thirteenth lord Betkeley, having greatly manifested 
his loyalty to Charles the second^ in the Restoration, was ad- 
vanced to the dignity of viscount Dursley and earl of Berke- 
ley in 1679. ^^ ^^^^ ^" October 149 1698, aged seventy-onet 
and was buried at Cranford in Middlesex, where a monument 
was erected to his memory^ of which Collins has given the in- 
scription. Vide Peerage, vol. iii. p. 465 •] 

» Vide Collins in Berkeley. [Where the letter of thankf 
from the president and head of the college may be seen.^ 

* [To this publication Flecknoe appears to allude in the fbU 
lowing linesy addressed *^ To the lord Ceorge Berkeley.'' 

** Since as by clear experience we see 

Virtue is onely true nobility; 

There's none gives greater proof of it than you 

(My lord) that your nobility is true : 

And that 't may so continue, you provide 

By adding ta't true piety beside. 

For piety is but vertiie dyed in grain. 

Can ne'er chaftge colottr, nor take ^ot or ttain. 

VOL. III. Z 



338 EAKL OF BtaKELEY. 

This uncommon little book came out of the 
library of John Vaughan, earl of Carberry, who 
had written in the title-page the name of the 
author. It was purchased by Mr. Whiston, to 
whom I am obliged for it, and who was assured 
by one of the family, that it was certainly lord 
Berkeley's, of which the piece itself contains 
some slight collateral proofs. The dedication, 
8^ed Constans, is addressed to the lady Har- 
ittonia^, in whose name the author writes an 
epistle to himself, which concludes the book, and 
m which she is made to call him, " my lord.** 
A copy of verses ^ by Waller (printed, I think. 



Such courtiers tieav'n desires, and such kings shouM 
Desire too, if they 'dhave them great and good: 
lEIappy the whilst (my lord) are such as you, • 
tit both for th' heavenly court, and earthly too." 

. tpig. 1670.3 
.» [Supposed to he Muy, countess of Warwick, the daugh- 
ttr of kichard Boyle, earl of Cork. See p. a 15 of this volume.^ 
* [Sbme of thfe verses run as follow: 
« Bold is the man that 'dares ingage 
^or piety, tn such an age: 
Who can presume to find a guard 
From scorn, when Heav'n^s so little ^paPd? 
Divines are pardonM ; they deJEend 
Altars on which their liVes depend : 
But the prophan'e impatient are. 
When nobler peers make this their cart. 



^ARlf OF BEfiKEL9Y* 839 

in none of his works ^) is prefixed, calls the 
author's a noble pen, and says, " he drew his 
well-known pedigree from kings." Robert 
Fitzharding, the direct ancestor of the earl of 
Berkeley, was of the royal house of Denmark. 



[Lord Berkeley also published 

*^ A Speech to the Levant Company at their annual 
Election, 9 Feb. 1680,'' 

in one sheet, quarto. See Wood's Athense, vol. ii. 
p. 1038. Lord Orford was mistaken, as Dr. Lort and 
Mr. Reed observe, in supposing that *' Waller's copy 
of verses was printed in none of his works," It occurs 
in the edition by Fenton, who has added the following 
interesting and curious information : *^ The book to 
which this poem is prefixed was written by George 
lord Berkeley, created earl of Berkeley by king Charles 
the second. He was a person of strict virtue and 
piety; and of such an undistinguishing affability to 
men of all ranks and parties, that I have been told 
Mr. Wycherley strained his character into that of lord 
Plausible in the Plain Dealer. The founder of this 



^igh birth and fortune^ warr;mt give 
That such men write what they believe: 
And, feeling first what they indite, 
New credit give to antient light."] 
' [It appeared in the tenth edition, i7aa, lamo* where lord 
Berkeley 't name is at the bottom. Dr. -Lort.] 

Z 2 



340 EARL OF BBRKBLBT. 

noble family is said to have been a younger son to one 
of the Danish kings who attended the duke of Nor- 
mandy, and settled in England after the conquest^." 

The earl of Berkeley's scarce little book, entitled, 
^^ Historical Applications," had passed to a third 
edition' in 1680, and was then reprinted, as the title- 
page announces, <' with additions." It serves to con- 
firm the account of his lordship's amiable character 
which was given by Mr. Fenton ; and though much 
enriched by selected passages from other writers, has 
many valuable sentiments intermingled by the noble 
moralist. The following instances may be adduced : 

'< A title to honour and honourable actions is to be 
preferred before a title of honour unaccompanied with 
just and noble deeds. For though it be a happiness 
and a blessing to be descended of a vertuous and an- 
cient family, yet if they who are thus descended shall 
degenerate from the worth of their ancestours, their 
faults are aggravated by not following so good and 
great examples ; and they are generally more despised 
then the vulgar and ignoble vicious persons. For (as 
Boetius says) if there be any good in nobility, I 
judge it to be onely, or chiefly this, that it seems there 
is a necessity imposed upon those that are nobly bom, 
not to degenerate from the vertue of their ancestours. 
Lords and nobles, who stand on the higher ground 
for doing good, should endeavour to excell others more 
in generous and just actions, then they do in high 

• Obs. on Waller's Poems, p. cxliu. 

» For a copy of which I am under obligadon to Mr. Brand. 



£ABL OF BERKBLBY. 341 

and honourable dignities. The examples of sueh men 
will have great influence upon the places and coun- 
tries where they live. 

*^ It was well and truly said by the late lord chan- 
cellour^ in his speech to the lords^ in the presence of 
the king, lords, and commons : ^ I hope you^ my 
' lords, will for the king's sake, as well as your own^ 
^ shew great and good examples to your countrymen. 
' Your examples will be very prevalent with them, and 
' by your actions they will judge of the actions of his 
^ majesty, whom they suppose you imitate^ having so 
^ near an access to his person*' 

'^ Neither the ambitious nor covetous man can ever 
be satisfied ; for their thirsty desires after honour and 
wealth increase by their obtaining what at present they 
60 greedily covet ; like one in a burning fever^ the 
giving him drink does but increase in him a desire still 
to have more, and his thirst is but little quenched. 
He that will not religiously frame bis mind to content 
himself in whatever station God has placed him^ will 
scarcely be satisfied and easy in any condition : for if 
we cannot proportion our fortunes to our minds^ we 
should suit our minds to our fortunes ; rendring thanks 
to God Almighty, who has done such great things 
for us, and then we are happy as to this world. To 
make our felicity here the more conspicuous^ we 
ought to compare our temporal state to those be- 
neath us, our inferiours^ and not to our superiours VJ 

* The earl of Clarendon. 

' The philosophy of this passage has been beaatifuHj re- 
commended by the author of the Task : 



342 BARi. OP BRfiKELEY. 

** in such a world ; to diorny» and where none 

Finds happiness unblighted ; or, if €ouod« 
Without some thistly sorrow at its side; 
It seems the part of wisdom, and no sin 
Against the law of love, to measure lots 
With less distinguish'd than ourselves; that thus 
We may with patience bear our moderate iUlSy 
And sympathize with others, suScriog more.'' 

BookiT. 



343 

JOHN LOWTHER, 
VISCOUNT LONSDALE. 

[Sir John Lowther, of Lowther-hall, one of the 
early promoters of the revolution, was constituted 
vice- chamberlain to king William and queen Mary on 
their advancement to the English throne'; and was 
twice appointed one of the regency, while the king 
went to Holland 3, According to Bolton, he was also 
a commissioner of the treasury. In 1696 he was 
created baron Lowther, of Lowther, and viscount 
Lonsdale, in Westmorland. In 1699 he was made 
lord privy- seal, and died July 10, 1700, aged forty- 
five. 

His brief introduction here arises from the belief of 
'his having written 

^* A Treatise on CEconomics," 
addressed to his son^, which may still remain in ma- 
nuscript among some of his descendants.] 

• Nichols's Selection of Poems^ vol. v. p. 33. 
' Bolton's Extinct Peerage^ p. 178. 

* Tickell inscribed his poem of Oxford, in 17079 to the son 
of this peer, and thus introduced a compliment to both: 

** Whilst you inhabit Lov^er's awfiil pile, 

A structure worthy of the founder's toil; 

Amaz'd we see the former Lonsdale shine 

In each descendant of his noble line: 

But most tiaiwported and turprisM we view 

His ancient glories all revived in you, 

Where diarms and virtues join their equal grace. 

Your father's godlike soul, your mother's lovely £ue/' 

THE END OF THE THIRD VOLUME. 



Printed by S. Gotnell, Little Queea Street. 



V\a/ 



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;r.P 3 - 1930