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A COMMON-PLACE BOOK 



JOHN MILTON, 



A LATIN ESSAY AND LATIN VERSES PRESUMED TO BE BY 
MILTON. 



EDITED, 

SIR FREDERICK U. GRAHAM, BART., 

ALFRED J. HOEWOOD, 




PRINTED FOR THE QAMDEN SOCIETY. 



199412 

WESTlflNSi R: 

PRINTED BT KICHOJ AMD SOKff, 

25, PARLIAMENT ^TREET. 



[new series xvi.] 



• •• 












COUNCIL OF THE CAMDExV SOCIETY 

FOR THE YEAR 1875-76. 



President^ 

THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF VERULAM, F.R.G.S. 

WILLIAM CHAPPELL, ESQ. F.S.A., Treasurer, 

WILLIAM DURRANT COOPER, ESQ. F.S.A. 

HENRY CHARLES COOTE, ESQ. F.S.A. 

JAMES GAIRDNER, ESQ. 

SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER, ESQ., Director. 

WILLIAM GILBERT, ESQ. 

FRANK SCOTT HAYDON, ESQ. 

WILLIAM OXENHAM HEWLETT, ESQ. 

ALFRED KINGSTON, ESQ., Secretary. 

SIR JOHN MACLEAN, F.S.A. 

FREDERIC OUVRY, ESQ. V.P. S.A. 

REV. W. SPARROW SIMPSON, D.D. F.S.A. 

JAMES SPEDDING, ESQ. 

WILLIAM JOHN TIIOMS, ESQ. F.S.A. 

J. R. DANIEL-TYSSEN, ESQ. F.S.A. 



The Council of the Camden Society desire it to be under- 
stood that they are not answerable for any opinions or observa- 
tions that may appear in the Society's publications ; the Editors 
of the several Works being alone responsible for the same. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

Introduction .......... vii 

The Commonplace Book 1-GO 

Latin Prolusion and Poem Gl 

List of Authors cited in the Commonplace Book .... 04 

References to some passages in Milton's prose works where he has 

utilised the Comnion])1nce Book . . . . . . fi7 



CAMD. 80C. h 



INTEODUCTION. 



John Milton is admitted to stand second only to Shakespeare 
in the roll of English Poets. Looking at the numcroua testimoniee 
(during his lifetime) to Shakespeare'e existence, the number of his 
plays and poems, the many acquaintances whom his mere profession 
must necessarily have forced upon him, the friends whom his un- 
doubted genial nature must have secured, and the various business 
transactions in which he must have engaged before being able to 
accumulate the competence on which he retired to the country, 
it seems strange that six or seven signatures are all that remain of 
the actual writing of him who, in literature, is England's chief 
glory. But looking at these signatures, and considering the tradi- 
tions about Shakespeare's youth, it may be doubted if he was ever 
a good penman: transcripts by other persons of hia rough draiU 
would serve for the Play House and the Press, and his business 
transactions were most likely effected by scriveners; the circum- 
stances Tinder which he is traditionally reported to have first come 
to London would perhaps prevent him from corresponding with 
his country friends; and not even a copy or print of any letter by 
him exists. Milton, on the other hand, had a liberal education; 
early in life he made acquaintance with men of good position in 
England and on the Continent; he was in the service of the State; 
many of his official and private letters are in print; he was not 
only a poet but also a politician and a theologian; moreover Uis 
handwriting was remarkably good, and up to the age of forty- 
seven or forty-eight he could see to write: but, a few pages of the 



Vlll INTRODUCTION. 

Cambridge MS. (parts of which are by other hands) and three or 
four letters and signatures, and perhaps a few notes in printed 
books, are all that has hitherto been known to exist of the writing 
of a man so celebrated/ 

That Milton was a diligent reader of books we learn from the 
testimony of his nephew E. Philips; but, if that testimony had been 
absent, ^lilton's printed works would have supplied the evidence. His 
History of England may have occupied some time, and the sources of 
it lay in comparatively few volumes, which may have been consulted 
by him seriatim as he made progress with the work. But some of 
his other treatises have reference to Authors of widely different 
characters and concerning widely different subjects, and the readiness 
with which his pen could engage in controversy would seem to show 
that he must have accumulated stores on which he could draw for 
illustrations, authorities, and proofs. A long list of Authors read or 
consulted by Milton may be made from his printed works, although 
he was not profuse in direct citations, and in many instances it is 
easier to see that he drew from his store of acquired knowledge 
than to ascertain the exact sources of it; while the wealth of 
allusion in the great poems composed after he became blind seems 
impossible except on the supposition of adventitious aid previously 
prepared. 

What might be well conjectured is now proved by the volume 
found among Sir F. Graham's papers during recent researches made 
for the Historical Manuscripts Commission ; and that volume supplies 
proof that it was not the only one of the kind compiled by Milton. 
It contains references to Titles which are not in that volume, and 
never were in it. Moreover there is a marginal reference in p. 197 

* In the aatnmn of Ust rear Mr. Pajne Collier annoanced that a copy of 
Cooper's Thesanms (fol. 1573) in his possession contained nnmerous notes by 
Milton; and bj Mr. Collier's conrtesy I hare had the pleasure of seeing it. My risit 
was too short to justify th^ expression of more than my opinion, that the specimens 
which I saw differ from what I had previously known as Milton^s writing. 



INTttODL'CTiOS. IX 

to an Index Tluohgicus, fonning a separate volume, or at least a 
section of another volume,' The Commonplace Book now printed 
shows, mostly in Milton's own handwriting, a list of upwards of 
eighty authors read by him — English, French, Italian, Latin, and 
Greek. The entries are not mere extracts from these Authors, they 
are mostly Instances and Concluaiona deduced from, or fortified 
by references to, them. The language is in many cases Milton's, 
sometimes in English, French, Italian, or Latin. 

In one or two cases where the handwriting was by an Amanuensis 
theentry seems to liave been made while Milton dictated the sentence: 
the scribe has had just time to wiite or begin words, when (the sen- 
tence being incomplete) Milton direeted them to be cancelled, and 
then substituted another phrase. An instance of this treatment is 
at p. 77. In a letter by Milton to Peter Hcimbach written in 1666, 
he apologises for the bad writing, saying that the boy employed to 
write was quite ignorant of Latin, and that he (MiltonJ was obliged 
to dictate, not the words, but one by one the letters of which they 
were composed. Such a scribe seems to have made the entry at 
p. lt)8, where a second attempt at a proper spelling was as vain as 
the first. 

The leaves of the MS. measure 114 inches in height by nearly 
9 inches in breadth. Originally there must have been 126 leaves, 
the pagination going from 1 to 250. The leaf of table (the I26th) 
is not paged. The lower halves of the first seven leaves have 
been cut off; the leaves forming pp. 33-37, 83 98, 207 and 208, 
225-228, and 231-234 have beea cut out. Slight fragments of 
the inner portions of 83-98 remain, and these have been preserved 
in the rebinding of the volume, because the fragment of p. 87 
shows remains of writing (not by Milton's hand) placed trans- 
versely and cut through. As the tabic at the end is perfect, and 



• At p. 221 U a reforeaco to annther • 
rabJQCt, it seouiB thut the Index Thteloffin 



t, as Papa b ihfl 



X INTRODUCTION. 

as all the titles there are found in the MS. as it sow exists, it 
may be concluded that none of the text of the volume has been 
removed. The cover was rough brown sheep-skin without any 
trace of lettering, and neither the cover nor ita contents contained 
any name of the original or any later possessor." 

Attention may be drawn to a few of the entries in the volume. 
At p. 5 Milton notices (from Beda) Cffidmon and his poetry. 
Francis Junius, the possessor of the MS. (now in the Bodleian 
Library) of Caidmon's metrical Piiraphrase, was one of Milton's 
friends, and may have shown the MS., or may have communicated 
the contents to him. Some have supposed that Milton took some 
hints from this poem for the framework of Paradise Lost — At 
p. 109 is a remark showing Milton's displeasure at the marriage of 
Charlea I. with one of the Roman Catholic belief.— At p. 179 
he brands the Law French, then (and for nearly a century later) 
used in Law Reports, as " gibberish." — At p. 180 his remark 
on the tendency of the English to follow French fashions would 
eeeni to lead to the inference that the sentence was written soon 
after the marriage of Charles I. There is evidently an allusion to 
Charles L at p. 246, where remonstrants are by the Pnnce treated 
as Rebels. 

It will be noticed that the numerous original chroniclers and 
writers of English history vouched by Milton in his History of 
Britain do not seem to have been read by him while the Common- 
place Book was in process of compilation. I have examined the 
prose works of Milton with a view to find how far this Commonplace 
Book was made serviceable in his various compoailions; for facility 
of reference, use has been made of the edition, in one volume, by 
Robert Fletcher, 8vo., Lond. 1858, and notes will direct the 

■ The lesres are macli damp-rtainccl. Tlio Tolnmo has been roboand by Mr, 
ZKehnsilorf, and ho lias streriKthciiDd and iKlmirablj treated tbe l«BTes iritbont ta 

the leart nffoi-tuig ibc Tnrions tints of tbo inks nged by tbe writ*r». 



INTROPUCTION. Xi 

reader to those passages in which entries in the Commonplace 
Book have been clearly utilised." These are but few; longer 
research will probably produce more. The other Commonplace 
Book, which, as before noticed, Milton accms to have compiled, 
would doubtless (if present) have caused more references. It is 
noticeable that no use seems to have been made of many entries on 
subjects to which Milton specially flddrcssed himself, and where 
citations of, or relercnces to, authors of repute would have added 
force, or at least authority, to his own arguments. Sucli an absence 
of citation'' is not however to be wondered at when the temper 
of Milton's mind is considered; for it was characterised by aversion 
from authority. We know, from what he has written of himself, 
the ardour and extent of his studies, his consciousness of ability, 
and hb determination to leave somewhat which the worid would 
not willingly let die; so the written thoughts of other authors were 
used by him as mental food to be digested and assimilated, and at 
5t times to be reproduced from his brain in better or varied forms. 
Milton seems to have had an exalted idea of himself and his doings. 
At the age of forty he thought it not unbecoming, in a contro- 
versial treatise (The Second Defence of the People of England), to 
dilate with complacency on the graces of his person; and a few 
years before, in the Apology for Smectymnuus, he filled several 
pages with an account {and very interesting it is) of his great 
diligence in study and the pursuit of virtue; so it is not surprising 
that at the more youthful age of thirty he gave a grandiloquent 
account to a friend of the extent of his recent studies. In a letter 
to Carlo Deodati dated 23rd of September, 1637, he says, " I was 
long employed in unravelling the obscure history of the Italians 

* TbC9c passages ore nl pp. 67-69 of Che prcscut (dIquic, and arc referred Co hj 
means of the Roman niuncrBlii (in brairkols) in the test of tbo Tolume. 

'■ There is in the second book of The Beate* nf Chureh Uewrnment urged 
egnintt Prelatj/ a passage in scorn of "men -whose iwrning Mid belief lie in the 

arninol stuffingn." 



XII INTRODUCTION. 

under the Lombards, the Franks, and Germans, to the time when 
they received their liberty from Rodolphus King of Germany." 
Anyone would SLippose that Milton had been wading through all 
or most of the writers who treated of that history during the seven 
centuries indicated. The Commonplace Book however showB that 
we need not conclude more than that he had been reading, in a 
single volume, the History of Italy by Sigonius" from A.n. 570 
to A.D. 1286, the exact space of time referred to by Milton. 

The handwriting of MiltoQ has been the subject of a monograph 
by the late Mr. Leigh Sotheby, whose volume containa a full 
account of the Milton MSS. at Cambridge, and of the few others 
then known. Sir F. Graham's volume containa a great mass of 
writing by the Poet's hand, though. It must be confessed, it is not 
of the like interest with the Cambridge volume, because it docs not 
contain any purely original compositions. The entries in the 
Commonplace Book are by five or si.\ hands, The greater 
number are by Milton at various periods of hia life, mostly before 
his going into Italy. Two (in p. lit?) arc by Daniel Skinner. 
Some entries are by one of tiie hands that copied parts of the 
Treatise De Doctrlnft CliristJana, now in the Public Record Office, 
and edited by Mr. (afterwards Bishop) Sumner in 1825. Some 
are by the hand which copied the Sonnet No. 17 in the Cambridge 
MS.; one (at least) is by the hand that made the transcript of the 
FirBt Book of Paradise Lost in the possession of Mr, Baker of 
Bayfordbury; and some are, I feel satigfiod, by Sir R. Graham of 
Netherby, Viscount Preston. The autotypes wliich accompany the 
present volume give specimens of all but two of the different 
handwritings contained in Sir F. Graham's MS. Milton's writing 
generally speaks for itself. Mr. Sotheby's volume, and the fac- 

■ Corali Sigonii Uistorinniin de regno Italiie libb. xx. qai lihri histoHaiu nb annu 
DLZX. UBquc ftd UCCLZXXVI, qao regimm iotoriit ct llticrtas Italia: n^cmpta est 
conliDGiit. Francofurti MDxct. (This was ihe (.'(lition osod hy Milt^in.) 



INTKODUCTION. XIU 

similes in the printed edition of the Treatise De Doctrini Cliristianft, 
and in the English translation of it, and in Profeesor Maseon's Life 
of Milton, will enable anyone to compare all the spet-iraens except 
those of the enirlf^ by Lord Preston's hand. The Bmall writing 
by Milton is of earlier date than the large. 

Iklilton's writing has some distinguishing marks. He is not 
careful, after a full atop, to begin the following sentence with a 
capital letter;' he is indiSerent to the correct spelling of names of 
persons; he always writes prrflaeie, prtccept, prrstence;'' he always 
writes thu-e or thir for the possessive pronoun tlieir." 

■ In the print thU peculuritj' U only bIjowd in ft fuw entries. 

' Miltoo was Dot alone in tbU practice. It whs rathur commuQ in Che wveat«eiith 
ceiitiii7. Lord ADg1esoj,wbo wis an acqaaiatKnce of Milton, apollcd in the stmeiraf. 

* I hare eetn the MS. poom fomid by Mr. Murlcy at the enil of MilCon'R Poenii 
(Sto. IG16) : the uec of the form their \a sloiie, I think, cuuclosive sg&inH ita being 
by Milton's hand; and [here sra objections in tho writing, pariienlftrly tho form ot 
the hqikU a. The hftd grnmniBr and the fntl staffing of ceneelti are strong 
Kigiunents agaioat it being composed by Milton. The ace uf the laaie furm tUMr 
in the poem signed J, M. writlim on a blank page of Rosse's Mel Ueliconima is, I 
think, fatal lo tho claim of those rerses to be by Milton's handi and the small <■ 
there most frequently osod is not that used by Mitton. lu the initials J. M, 
appended to that poem the J. is not crossed, a variation from all the nndoabted 
signatures of Milton, aod the M. [as Mr. SoCbcbj admits} is at variance with that 
DSed by Milton. 

It is reojarkable that both poems inCrodoce the Bee, and the alchemical Getion of 
a flower being reprodncible from ita calcined ashes. 

Among the MSS. of Sir lii'ginald Graham, Bart, is a lolnmc of pocti? cmi- 
taining an epitaph on Mailam Kliiabeth Swcltcnham in H lines, where the 
similarity of the 12tb and 13th lines to the 3rd imd 4th of the dispnied poem is 
nocic cable. 

Bcgim, If cbcurfnil, chiut as arc the snowc. 

Budi, No soul can be more blest than this, 

Whose sacred roliqncs in tbi« urn 
Are kept nnCil the Soul's relnm, 
To re-nnite itself lo its known mate. 
And laise thcK reliqaes to an happier etate. 
Tbe same Tolnme of poetry contains tho folloni 
Epitapbinm. antbore Job. Milton." The writer t 



CAHD. sue. 



XIV INTnODUCTION. 

The handwritings of which the three plates in this volume do 
not contain specimens are free and flowing, and tlie letters of each 
word are, generally, connected. Some of the entries from Italian j 
works are by those hands, e. g. those from Berni at p. 71, and from ] 
Boiardo at pp. 77 and 187: and of a smaller kind those from . 
Macchiavelli's Discorsi at pp. 148, 185, 198, 242, 243, 245, and ^ 
246, which latter, though in some respects they resemble some of | 
Milton's writing, I think cannot be said certainly to he by him. 
The doubly looped f, the full loop to 1, b, and h, are forms not 
affected by Milton; and the capital M in two of these latter entiiea 
is so formed that the last limb represents a capital C not looped. 

ihn long Borcttstic epitaph on CardinBl Maj^arin which iimj W fmind al length In 
ChftrlMGildoii'a Miscellany Poems. 8to. Lund: lS9S,iinilin *ol. i. part 2 of tho 
State Po«m9, in bntb of which colleclions it ia Bttribuwd lo Milton. These three 
Hnc« he expands into t«n Itnea of En^liah verse. Then he copies the Latin epigram 
□n Pope Boniface the Vllilh (also t<) be fonnd in Gildon's MiHcollsny Poemi, and 
the State Poems) nud tfites n poetical vernion of it. The same volnmc of MS. poetry 



"To 1 
(eifthtscD Hniwy 






npon ! 



; Mr Chnrles Gildon 



. Mis 



pUany Ponii*" 



[ hHve. Sir, by a tranxient li>i>k 
Trnvpra'd ihia miscall aneons hook; 
Pardon the ink which I have spilt on 
The two qnaint epitaphs by Milton. (Pp. 29, .1!).) 
Tlie reference to pp. 29 and 33 are eridentlj to the pages of Gildon's Tolnroei 
Ihi epitaph on Mazarin hnKajf at p. 29, and the epigram on Boniface at p. S3. Bo 
that Gildon, who was a cntemporarr of Milton, attrihnled these two Latin prodne- 
tiona to him. 

Charles Gildon wn4 a friend of Charles Blount, whose Miscellaneous Works were 
poblished callectiTely in 169S. in one volntne, in which is a long preface hy Gitdon 
to the Oracles of Reason. One of Eloonfs productions is "A just vindication of 
Learning and the liberty of the Vress," a tract of not ((nite Iwrnly-lbree pages ; at 
p. 1 of which bo «aya, " I cannot but herein agree with Mr. Milton and say that 
(nnless it be effected with great caution) too had almost aa good as kill a man as 
kill a book." At p. 6 he says, " 1 shall here demonstrate the nnreai-onableness of an; 
such license or Im/irimalar." PassBges cqnal to seven pages of this ebort tract are, 
with some iriflingr alterations, afterwards convtyfil from Milton's Areopaffitiea, 
without the slightest acknowledgment of the sonrce. They are worked np into 
Blount's tract so aa to lead a reader to aappose that they arc original. 



INTROUUCTION, XV 

The entry in p. 185 would seem to have been the last tiling plaoed 
on that page: it is important, as containing the dictum t)mt against 
an evil prince the sword is the only remedy. Whether by Milton's 
hand or not, the entry was made in his lifetime. The head word 
Vivitia at p. 148, which page contains nothing but a note from 
M ace h IB velli, seems to be by the copier of that part of the tieatiae 
De Doctm& Christian^ of which a specimen ia given in plate xx. 
No. 2 of Mr. Sotheby's work. 

Such of the entries in the Cotnnrhonplace Book as are not by 
Milton's hand ure in the present volume printed in Italiu letters. 
In a few of the margins will be found references, by means of 
numbers in brackets, to similar handwritings copied in Mr. 
Sotheby's volume: the first number indicates the plate; the second 
number indicates the specimen in that plat*.' A table of the 
authors cited is added, and will be found at pp. 64-66 of the 
present volume. 

In the middle of the Commonplace Book was found a short 
letter by Henry Lawes to Alihon. We know that Lawes set to 
music some of Milton's poetry, and that Milton addressed a Sonnet 
to him. This letter shows that he had influence enough to get the 
licence necessary to enable his friend to leave England for the 
Continent. The letter is witiiout date, but the wording o^'it proves 
it to have been written before 1643. The writer says that he sends 
to Milton a letter from the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, 
and that if Milton intended to write himself he could not have a 
safer convoy for both than from SuiFolk House. Now, in 1638 
Theophilus Howard Eurl of Suffolk was Lord Warden of the 
Cinque Ports; and his town house at Charing Cross was known as 
Suffolk House. In 1642 that house was purchused by Algernon 
Percy Earl of Northumberland, and the same house was afterwards 
* Two miiitBkcs in ihrsc references nrc notpd in iIip fnrrlgfuda. 



XVI INTRODUCTION. 

called Northumberland House. As we have no intimation from < 
any Boiirce of an intention by Milton to make a second Journey ' 
abroad, it may be safely concluded that the letter vas written on i 

the occasion of Milton's preparation for his continental excitrraoQ 
in 1638." 

The following is a full copy of the letter: 

Sir, I have sent jou irith this a letter from m; Lord Warden of Ijift I 
Cinque Ports under his baud and scale, which wilbe a siifEicient irarrant i 
to justify your goinge out of the King's Dominionsi if you intend to i 
wryte yoarselfe jou cannot have a safer convoy for both than from ' 
Suffolk House, but that I leave to your owne consideration and remaine I 

faithfnll frend and servant, 

HBsnv La WEB. 

(Address) any waies Aprooved. 

M"" John Milton 

haste these. 

This letter is muoh disfigured, it having seemiiigly been used as 
blotting paper in the course of making entries in the volume. 

On the back of the letter are tlie following lines by Milton's 
hand: 

Fixe heere yee overdaled sphears 
That wing the restless foote of time. 

The Latin prolusion or address in favour of early rising, and the 
verses which follow it. and which embody the same ideas as those 

• I sm enablsd to »M an interesting item to nnr scanty knowledge of MittonV 
doinp abroad. In the TcaTetlcra'Book of the Englieli College fttEonie it isrecOTdad 
that on the .lOlh of October, 1638, Milton and his senimt, and N. Cnry, brother of 
Lord Falkluid. Dr. Holding of IvSnCHster, and N. Fortouao diucd at the college. 

The entry, which wu sent to Sir T. Duffna Hanlv by Mr. Stevenson (now at Borne 
examining the Vatican MSS. for onr Govemmont), is an follows, " OctobrlB die 30, 
PraoB) annt in CoUegio uoetro IllnatriasimoB D. N. Catj frater hnronis de Fankeland, 
Doctor HoldingnK, LancBstr?n»iB. D. N. Fortewnto, et BoininnB Millonns, cnm 
(iimtilo, nobiles Angli, et eicepti snnt lani*." 



INTRODOCTtON. XTIl 

contained m the prose composition, are on a single leaf of foolscap 
paper much damaged by damp and its left margin destroyed. In 
the lefl-haad margin on a level with the first line is the name 
Milton. When I first discovered the paper, and for some days 
afterwards, the letters m were visible immediately preceding the 
word Milton : but that portion of the paper soon crumbled into 
dust. That the marginal words were Johannes Milton may be 
safely conceded. The leaf was found loose in the same box 
with the Commonplace Book. The ideas expressed in these two 
short compositions ore not recondite, but they show the same 
delight with the beauties of Nature which Milton afterwards ex- 
pressed in choicer language. I conclude that these are juvenile 
efforts of Milton which he did not think worthy of publication 
when in 1674 he gave to the world the Protimonee Oratoria. In 
support of the opinion that John Milton the poet was the composer 
of the contents of this single leaf, the following passages from his 
acknowledged writings may be cited. 

In the Prolusion Utrum Diei an Nox praotantior titf are the 
following passages: 

Et corte priino qiiani omnium iiiitmantium stiipi grata ejt et deeiderabilis 
[Dies], quid opere est vohis exponore? cam vel ipsa; volucrps nequeant 
Bnnm celarc gandinm, quin egresste nidulls, ubi primnm dilucul.ivit, aut 
in verticibuB arborum concentii simTissimo dtliniant omnia, aut surenm 
libran(«s se, et quam poasunt prope soletn vuliteut, redeanti grntnlaturs 
Inci. Ac primus omnium advcntant«m Solem triiimpbat insomQUs gatlus, 
et quasi prieco qnivis, monere videtur homines, ut cscusso Bomno pro- 
deant, atque obviam e&uDdont se novam salntatum Anroram: tripmiiant 
in agris capellw, totnmqne genus quadrupedum gestil et exultat lietitia 

Caltha quoqiie et Rosa ne nihil addant commiiiii gamlio, 

. aperientes aioum, odores auos Soli tantum acrratos profusfe spirant, qnibiis 

I noctem dedignantur impertiri cieteriquQ flores incUnata 

pBulnm et rore langutdnla erigentps capilH ijuasi prwbent se Soli 




XVIll IMTEOUUCTION. 

Ipsa qiioque Tellus in adventuin SoUs cultiori Be induit vestitu, iiub«s«ilt«i| 
juicta variis chlamydat« coloribus, pompa Eolemni, longoque ordiq^ J 
videntur ancillari aurgenti Deo. 

Jn V Allegro. 

To hear the tark begin his flight 

While the cock with livelj din 
Scatters the rear of dorkness thin, 
And to the stack or the barn-door 
Btoutly etnits his dames before. 

Right against the cat^tcrn gate 
Where tbe great sun begins his state 
Robed in flames and amber light 
The clonda in thousand liveries dight.' 

I should have liked to have added to this volume a fac-aimile of j 
the -whole or portion of the leaf containing tlie Latin prolusion ' 
and verses, so that those well acquainted with Wilton's writing I 
might judge if they were by the poet's hand.'' The writing ia not 
as a whole like any that has been heretofore known as MiUon'a. t 
It ia a stiff legal hand, with a shade of timidity. The capital j 
letters (except J) are wholly different from those known to be by j 
Milton, and tbe small letters e (except where the Greek e occurs) 
h and t are such as he never iiBed so far as hitherto known. But 1 
it must be recollected that Milton's father was a Scrivener, and tha J 
poet most likely in early years used to write in the fashion which ] 
he saw exercised at home. The writings now in question may 9 
have been executed when he was at St. Paul's School, or in his early" | 
college days; and tbe necessity of sending up a neatly written copy 1 



■ Bee also Paradise Lost, bonk If. lines 62H, 641-615; hook t. li 
'' As tbia conld not'be doii«, 1 have had a few copies taken, s 
\f (and also nne of tbe letter by LaweR) at tbe Bcittsli Mnscnm. 



H 1-6, 20-B6, 

1 have deposited ' 



INTROUUCTUIN. XIX 

could not prevent the Greek e which Milton afterwards, for a long 
period, adopted from appearing now and then. Even here appears 
occasionally the disconnection of letters which was afterwards one 
of the characteristics of Milton's writing: and in the latter lines of 
the verses a likeness to some of Milton's undoubted writing is 
visible. I must, however, express my doubt whether the writing is 
by ajuvenile hand. 

How or when the Commonplace Book came amongst the Netherby 
MSS. is not known. The late Sir James Graham concluded that 
it contained some writing by Lord Preston. Whether Lord Preston 
had any acquaintance with Milton or any of his family is uncertain ; 
from his letters it is clear that he was a collector of books and of 
MSS.' and curious about literary matters. It is said thai Klilton 
gave away or disposed of his library before his death: but it ia not 
likely ihat he would have parted with his Commonplace Books; 
his daughters however are said to have made free with his books; 
so that this may have been one which they disposed of, and which 
Lord Preston secured; or again he may have procured it directly 
or indirectly from Daniel Skinner, who after Milton's death carried 
off into Holland some of Milton's books." This last conjecture seems 
probable. It is known that Skinner IrunBcrlbed portions of the 
Trealise De Doetrind CkrUtiamt, and tlie first and third entries at 
p. 197 of the Commonplace Book (see Autotype) are by Skinner's 
hand. He was with Lord Preston at \yestminster School, and 
when the letter was Envoy at Paris in 1682 Skinner wrote two 



• A cop7 of the aele catatogne of Lord Prestou'g large librarj' (sold at Londm in 
1696) is tX Longleat. Among [be books ie a copy of Bod in '« Treatise on a Cominoii- 
wealth traoslateil into EngliBb (fol. Lond. 1606). All Hie extracts from this trana- 
lation are in Lord FreBton'a writing. The linitle note by Milton from BodJn, p. 189, 
■eema to be from a Latin edition. 

' See an nnslgned letter Among the MSS. of the Marqais of Bath. (Appendix 
lo Fourth Report >>i the Historical MSS. Commisaion, p. i8i, co], 1.) 



XX INTRODUCTION. 

letters in French * to him asking for employment under him, and 
mentioning his own early schooldays and his proficiency in the 
French language. For one of these letters he used a seal impressions 
of which are found on several letters to Lord Preston by a spy 
employed by him at Paris; so that it is probable that Skinner's 
seryices were made use of :•* and, the volume now printed may have 
been an offering to obtain or retain the favour of his old schoolfellow. 
The question how it came to its present resting-place is of secondary 
interest. The authenticity of the volume is unquestionable. 

Sir Frederick Graham, thinking it unwise to leave such a record 
of some of the studies of a great man to the charge of a single 
manuscript, very kindly approved my suggestion to have the 
cont-ents printed, and most liberally entrusted the volume to my 
hands for that purpose. The publication of it in the ordinary 
way would not (I was informed by a publisher) have been re- 
munerative: hence the means now adopted for its perpetuation. 
The thanks of many besides the Members will be given to the 
President and Council of the Camden Society for printing such an 
interesting document, and to Sir F. Graham for making it known 
and allowing its publication. 

A. J. H. 



■ Among Sir Frederick Graham*8 MSS. 

»» A short unsigiied letter of advice is, I think, by Skinner's hand. 



JOHN MILTON'S 
COMMONPLACE BOOK. 



Index EiHictis. 



Malum morale. 



In malo morali potest multum esBc admistum boni, idque arte 
singulari; nemo venenum t«mperat fellc et hcUeboro sed conditia 
pulmentis et bene saporatis: ita diabolua Ictale quod conficit rebus 
dei gratissimis imbuit, etc. Tertull: de apectaculis, p. 102, edit. 
Rigalt, 

Cur permittii deu3 malum? ut ratio virtiiti constare poasit. virtus 
enim malo arguttur, illustralur, exercetur, quemadmodum disecrit 
Lactantius, I. 5, c. 7, ut haberet ratio et piudentia in quo ae exer- 
cerct, eligendo bona, fugieodo mala. Lactan. de ira dei, c. 13, 
quamvis et haec non saUsraciunt. 

De viro l>ono. ' { 

Cur viri boni et alioquin cgrcppi inertis ut phirimum et pusilli 
animi speciem pne se fcnint, primoque intuitu nuUiiis esse pretii 
Tidentur, respondct Lactantiiis ut haberent undc aummam virtiitcm 
patientiara possent quotidie exercere, 1. 6, c. 18. 

Vir bonus aliquii ralione etiam angcloa exccllere videtur, eo quod 
ille infirmo ct mortali corpore involutus, cupiditatibus semper col- 



I 






• 



• • 






• • • 



• _• 



• - • 
• • • • 



• •• 

• • • 



A COMMONPLACE BOOK 



• •- 



lucta'^fSritam tamen coelestium similem agere aspirat Homil. in 
Gkn\r2, prope finem. 
'.^ Summa viro bono habita reverentia a populo eiiamfurente. Perche 
•'si vegga che la ve[ra] virtu h sicura in ogni estremo pericolo, anchora 
trdU furore de nemici in qual vespro Siciliano sanguinosOy di tanta 
multitudine uccisuy per universal consenso di tutti Sicilians fu 
salvato un Cavagliere di nation provemale assai nobilej chiamato 
Guglielmo Porcelletto^ per la gran virtu e honta sua nota h tutti i 
populi di quella Isola, Angela di Costamoy Hist, di Napoli^ L 2, 
p. 38. 

6 De Virtute. 

Quicquid speciosum est non statim virtus est dicenda. Sic 
Philippus MariaB reginse maritus Elizabethan! tollere non sustinuit, 
non tarn quod sanctus quod clemens ut vulgo creditur, qu6d mitis 
ingenii, sed quod praevideret tunc fore ut Maria Scotica Gallo 
desponsata si forte in regnum succederet, imperium Britannicum 
Gallico adjunctura esset: ut Camden, Elizab. fol. 13. 

12 Avaritia : vide de bonis Ecclesiasticis. 

Clericorum avaritiam aperte notat Dantes: Inferno, cant. 7. 

Mango imperadore de' Tartari per ammaestramento del re d'Er- 
minia si battezzo et mando A loon suo fratello con grandissirao 
essercito per conquista rela terra sancta. scontesse il Caliph de 
Baldac et presolo et in pregione missolo in una torre ove egli haveva 
raunato molto tesoro et per avaritia non havea voluto soldare ca- 
vallieri a sua difensione, lo affam6 dicendo che convenia vivesse del 
suo tesoro e di quelle mangiasse senza altra vivanda havere. Gian 
Villaniy 1. 6, c. 61. 

Martino quarto : vide de bonis eccles. 

18 Gxda, 

Tertullianus eleganter vocat homicidam gulam et suppliciis 
inedise puniendum ait, etiamsi deus nulla jcjunia prsecepisset, 



OF JOHN MILTON, 3 

quia in cum primus parens lapsus est. do Jujuniia, p. 703, edit. 
Rigalt. 

The Englishmen aiid lo have learnt thirc gourmand i zing of 
Ilardiknute the Danuh K. Ilolimh. in his life, noted also of 
iinmoderat feasting by Joviiia, Hiat. 1. 11, 180. [i ] 

The Indiuns in Summatrs, great gluttons, renew thirc stomack 
by chewing an hearb call'd Arccca betula. Parchas, torn. 1, 132, 

De Libufine. 14 

YlatSepatla seu appevoKOTTia. QuiJ potest esse sanctum its qui 
tetatem imbecillam et pncsidio indigontcm libidini suffi depopu- 
landam ftedandii raque prostraverint. Lactant, I. 6, c, 23. 

In fabulis noEtris uotatur Sodomitici percali rex Mcmpricius. 

Stuprum. Gcntcm e stupria illicitoque conjugio natam ignoram 
ct pernicioaam patrise futuram ait Bonifaciua in ill& egregift ad 
Ethclbaldum Merciorum regcm epist. Malmeshur. 1. 1, 

Duarum virginum Belgicarura egregiij stuprmn illatum ulcis- 
centiuin, exempla vide apud Tlwan. Hist, 1. 66, p. 267, 268. 

Castitas. 15 

Ebba monacha nosum sibi et labia truncavit, idcmquc caiteris 
scveribuasuaait ut hoc modo elusi Dani nihil in eanim pudictttam 
lentarent. Sto ex Flor. Uiat. p. 78. 

Mors ai>ontanea. . 18 

Poenam eorum apud inferos scitiBsime describit Dunte», Inlenio, 

cant. 13. 

Whether lawful!, disputed with exquisite reasoning. Sir Philip 

Sid. Arcad, 1.4, 419, &c. 

fCbrietae. 17 

King Edgar's law against drunkenncsse. Slow, p, 85, Which 
Englishmen arc said to have learnt of the Diincs in his days. 
\Bolinshed, 1. 6, c. 23, 



4 A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

Of Healths. Sir Phil. Sidny. That barbarous opinion beeing 
generally among them to think with vice to doe honour, and ¥rith 
activity in beastlines to shew abundance of love, made most of them 
seek to shew the depth of thir affection in the depth of thir draught. 
Arcad, 1. 2, p. 201. 

Inebriaudi consuetudo, etiam siccam ebrietatem animo inducit. 
Quod de Alberto Brandeburgico notat Thianus his verbis, plane 
de eo approbatum est, ebrietatem violate semel et exasperate mentis 
sanitate, necessario crudelitatem habere comitem: nam cum frequenti 
ebrietate cxire de potestate sua longo usu consuesset, fiebat ut insanise 
consuetudine durata, immanitas etiam sine vino in illo valeret. 
Hist. 1. 12, 358. 

18 De Fortitudine, 

Fortitudo hominis non in corpore sed in ratione, qu» firmis- 
simum hominis pra^idium et munimentum est, consistit. quod hinc 
liquet hominem hoc solo rationis adminiculo etiam in robustissima 
quaeque animalia dominari, et nocere posse, si libet« Laciant de 
opif. dei, c. 3. 

Obsidionem Magdeburgae vide apud Sleidan. 1. 20, &c. fidei et 
fortitudinis Christianas exemplum reperies. 

The cause of valour a good conscience : for an evil conscience, as 
an English author noteth well, will otherwise knaw at the roots of 
valour like a worm, and undermine all resolutions. Ward, Militar. 
sect. 7. 

19 De Duellia, 

Not certain in deciding the truth, as appears by the combat 
fought between two Scots before the L. Grey of Wilton in the 
market-place of Haddington, wherin Hamilton that was almost 
if not cleerly known to be innocent was vanquish't and slain, and 
Newton the offender remained victor and was rewarded by the 
Ld. Grey. Holinsh, p. 993. 



OF JOHN MILTON. O 

Kgregium et fortiBsiiniira Cai Mara responsum ad Teutoncm pro- 
vocantem lege. I'rontin. 1. 4, c- 7 

Duellontm antiquilaa, Probande Jtdei caitaa, primus occurrU 
Bonifaciug sub Valentiniano tertio militia diij: qui Aetium proditionia 
in se comperlum sitiijulari ctrtamine Jidei sius probande gratia pro- 
vocavit, commisBOipie Placidie permistu p\r]elio tiiperavit. Sigon.de ( 
imp. occid. t. 12, p. 203, an. dom. 432. 

De morte. £ 

Mortem etaefinem eerumnarum. Tfieopf'i-astus. 
Quietem infdidum. Cetsar. Et muter eorum inttnortalituletn 
anitfUE agnovit. JJodin, e. 5, /. 2. 

De teientid liter-arum. t 

An liceat profnnis BCriptoribus operam dare, affirmat SocraU, 
1. 3, c. 16. uum bIub rationibua aolidis usua, turn Pnuli apostoli 
exeniplo, et anliquissimorum Ecclesiie doctorum. Vide et £uaebt 
1. 7, c. 7, de Dionysio Alexaadrino. Scnsit etiam impius JuHanus 
quibiis annia labefactari suorum causa posaet cum Christiaais inter- 
dbtit poctice rhetorics et pliilosophiie Icctioncin tdi? aiKtioit yt^i 
inquit irrepoli Kara ttjv irapotfiiav ySuXXo/ieda. 17ieo<iore', Hist. 
1. 3, c. 7. 

Ihe noble K. Alfred, a great lover of learning. Malmesbur. Sto. 
I p. 80. bis excellent stature [etatute?] for training up all the English 
f till 15 years old in learning; see Speed, in his Life. 

Two Englisbmen, Alcuin and John, by appointment of Charles 
the Great founded the two cheifest and ancientest universities of 
Europe, Paris and Pavia. Girard, Hist. France, L 4, pp. 218, 



That princes ought to be learned, especially in histories, Cominea 
well shew, meinoires, 1. 2, c- 6. 

Linguarum perittam etiam in Ecclesifi perutilem esse senserunt 
WaldcnseE, ut tldeles uut pulsi patri&, aut a Guis ecclesiis misei, eo 
aptioree ad doccndum csaent. Gilles, Hist. Vaud., c 2, p. 16, [ii.] 



6 A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

Ordines Hollandise in medio etiam bellorum aestu tanquam pacatis 
rebus ne literarum cultum et liberorum institutionem rebus adhuc 
vel maxime dubiis negligere viderentur, Academiam Lugduni Bata- 
vorum instituerunt amplis ex sacro patrimonio vectigalibus attri- 
butis. Thuan. hist. 1. 60, p. 81. 

55 De Curiositate. 

Quaestiones profundas de deo quas humana ratio difficilius 
interpretetur, aut assequatur, aut non cogitandas, aut silentio 
premendas ne in vulgus edantur, deturque hinc materies schis- 
raatum in Ecclesili, sapientissime monet Constantitius in Epist. ad 
Alexandrum ct Arium. Euseh, in ejus vit^, 1. 2, c. 77, et apud 
Socrat. 1. 1. 

Sophistas noctuis assimilat Basil, qui in rebus minutis et obscuris 
oculati sunt aut ita credi volunt, in rebus solidis, et conspicuse 
veritatis, scientia^que salutaris caecutiunt, ilia enim nocte acutum 
cernit, interdiu caligat. Hexam. Homil. 8. 107. 

Theologorum Parisiensium stolidas velitationcs depingit Slei^ 
damis, 1. 3, p. 36. 

57 De Poeticd, 

De poetd Anglo subito divinitus facto mira et perplacida historiola 
narratur apud Bedam, Hist. 1. 4, c. 24. 

Rex nobilissimus Alfredus Saxonicse poeseos peritissimus. Sto. 
p. 80. 

Poeticen ad virtutis studium accendum in animis hominum a deo 
edoctam Basilevus monet eneiZri ^ap et&e to irvev^ia to Sr/tov, 
Svadrfoorfov Trpo? dperrjp to 70/09 t&v avOponrtoVj xat Sla to 7rpo9 
fjhovriv hrippeire^i tov opOov ^iov Kara fieKowra^ ri irocei; to ifc 
7^9 /Lte\a)8ta9 repirvomol^ SoyfUKnp iyKarefii^eVy iva to) irpo<n)V€i 
Kai Xiey T?)9 axorj^ to €k tcdi/ Xoycov o^ekifiov Xavdavomo)^ 
vTToSe^wfJi^Oa, etc. HomiL in Psal. 1 proajm. 

Numidian poets, Leo Afer in Purchasy torn. 2, 759; et Leo A/er, 
edit. Lugdun. 1. 2. 212, etc. and Purchas ex Leone, 1. 2, torn. 2, 795. 



OF JOHN MILTON. 



Epitaphia. I 

The Fnguwitora of Venke worthily condemned l!ie hookea of PeUr 
Aretine, called the Scourge of Princes, for Iht fUthynesse of them, and 
it M reported thai Uiey alio commanded his horrible Epitaph to It 
blotted out uklch was set in the church of St. Luke in theie wordu : 
Qui ffiace I'Aretin poeta Tuscoy 
Chi diise mat d" Offnun' fuora che di Dio, 
Seusandosi, dicendo, io no' /' cognoaco. 
Here lyes Aretine, a poet of Tuscany, 
Who spake HI of all but God, 
Excusing himselfe, saying I know ktm not. 
NotwitJistanding his vitious life and in-iti»gs hee found one pane- 
gyrittffoT Ariosto speakes of him thus : 
Ecco ilfiagello dei Principi, 
n divin Pietro Aretino. 
Fynes Morison's Itinerary, edit. Ang. Land, part i, /. 2, cap, 1, 
p«,.82. [iil.] 

Upon the sepulchre of John Soccacio, one of the refiners of the 
Italian tongue, at Castel Cerlaldo in Italy, t/iese verses are written 
on At* itatua icithout a beard carved in marble being set upon Am 
Tombe: 

Hoc sub mole jacent cineres ac ossa Johannis ; 
Mais sedet ante Ueuin, merilis ornata laboris ; 
Mortalia vitce el genilor Boceatins, Hit 
Patria Certaldo, studiumfuit alma Poesis. 
De Moryson, pag. 164, 

hhftoricu. I 

*H pijTOpiK'i i'ltp aPTiarpoipo'i r^ SiaKeiCTiicij, etc. A>: liliet. Art. 
ii yevoxK ai}>opiafiei/ov f) VT/ropiioi, aWd 
OTt ^(p^tTifiOi Kai 0T( oil TO ■rrtiaat Ipyov 
6ava. Cap. eodem. 



1. 1, c. 1. OuK iiTJiv 
I tc^avep tj A(a\eKTiK^ 
I Jarrif;, a\\a to iSetv ti 



i COMMONPLACE BOOK 



'.•iilendi quod conlingit , 



Ehetorica eat facultas in qitaque r 
idoneum ad faciendam JUlem, cap. 2°. 

1 De Musica, 

An Eccleaifi alternis canere primus instituisse dicitur Ignatius 
Auliochensium episcopua post Petrum tevtius, Socrat 1, 6, c. 8. 
[Small writing,] 

Organa primum in GalliS. — Les Ambassadeurs de Constantin 
emperour Grec apporterent a roy Pepin dea Orguca, qu'on n'avoit 
pas encore veues en France, Girard. Hist. France, t. 3, p. 138. 

Guido Arctinua rationem cantandi hodiernam adinvenit, per 
Gramma, ulh, re, mi, etc. circa annum 1000. Girard, Hist. 
France, 1. 6, p. 337. 

' ConsuUatio. 

Quatenua credendum et obsequendum ait pnidcntum consiliis 
sapienter docet CominEeus, rationcsque reddit gravissiinas ; errare 
etiam soepissime prudcntes, vel offectibus ducti, ve! ut lemulia partes 
tueantur contrarias, vel aliqiiando, ut fit si forte corporis vel animi 
habitu sint minus sano. Comin. I. 2, p. 94, edit. Gall. Paris. 

I Ignavia. 

Ignavoram ptena apud inferos qui niliil in liac vitu ben^j vol quod 
inaigniter ait malum, egerint, describitnr k Dante Florentino; per- 
petu& scilicet inquietudine et quodam ceatro incessum agitantur. 
Dante^ Inferno, cant. 3. [Small writing.] 

De JHendacio. 

Semper vcritatcm dicore solet vir bonus, inquit Clemens nrXiji' et 



paTrelat /tepei /caOavep larpo^ -rrpoi roffoStTa? iirl 
KafivoPTfov yjrevaerai ^ -^ei/So^ epet, etc. Strom, 1, 7, 



aarrjpia ti 
p. 730. 

Salutis publics: cau£& hino illud Torqnat.i ubi Soplironiam intro- 
ducit surrepti Idoli noxam in se transferentem quamvis id verum 



OF JOHN UlL't'ON. 9 

non esset, ut tainen pupulum Christianum iib internccione Hberaret. 
Magnaniina menzogna, or quaniJo ^ il vero, si bello chc si possa a 
te prcporre? II. GoiTredo, caat. 2, staiiz. 22. 

Similiter Bemia Hetruacm poeta tiobiUs in tOrlanilo Inamoralo, (Ifi, 1) 
I. 3, cant. 20, gtanc. 2. 

La verila e hella tie jier tetna 

Si delibe niai taeer, ne per vergogna, 

Qitaiido ta/orza e Vimporiamia prmia 

Tat volta atn^n che dirla non hisogna, 

Per jittion turn creece il ver ne tcetna, 

Np eempre ocauilo i di chiatnar menzogna 

Atui vaUtite tnolte volte viene 

Et Mvio distto quel che occulto il time 

D^ambe due queete parte di prudentia 

If figliuol di Laerte esempio danne, etc. 



De furto et tatrocinio. 78 

Fiirt« ot latrocinia its compescuit tidwmus Nortbumbrlfe rex ut 
tuto ciiilibet liceret ubivis per univcrsura ejus regnum it«r facere. 
Malmesbvr. et Sto. [iv.] 

Alfred also is said to have hun^ chains of gold and bracelets in 
' the crosse high ways to see what theeie durst touch 'em, so severely 
was justice adminislerd agaiust them. Sto. out of Asscriue. 

Edgar nUo famous for this kind of justice. Stow, [v,] 

And before them all Dunwallo Molmntius: as IJolinsJted. 

Athelstane's law to attach such as stole above the valew of \2d. 
at above the age oF 12 years. Sj-ei-d. 

Wiltiam the Conquemur provided well against theeving. Stow, 
L in hia 20th year. UoUnsk. p. 15. 



Defide Kervandd. 

Anlafe's souldier priescrveth by rare example his liiilli butli 
his former i:Hptainc aad Atbelslau: see bis.liie. [vi.J 



CAUD. soc. 



10 A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

74 De Justitid, 

Edgar, a great overseer of Justice amoungst his judges, [vii.] 
And Edward the I. who punish't ahnost the whole magistracie at 
once for thire unjustice. Holinsh. 284, 285, and p. 312. 

Against bribing, Ed. 3 provided. Holinsh. 369. Sir Hen. 
de Bath a famous briber and corrupter of Justice to maintain his 
wives pride, bceing of high descent. Speedy p. 541. 

But farre more renowned was the lady of Sir Stephen Scroope, 
who, by threatning to forsake her husband unlesse he would 
won^ discharge his lieutenantship of Ireland justly, reclaim'd him and 
made him a worthy man. Campian, Hist. Ireland, p. 93. 

Hen. 5 spared not a great favourite, Bertand de Charmont, a 
Gascoin, who, by conveying away one of the murderers of the 
Duke of Burgon, had forfeited his own life. Speed, p. 656; 
although overswayd by a foolish decree of heraldry in acquitting 
Barbasjn for the same fact. (557. 

Justitiu CoirunutiiLivii. Eciiiarkable is the saying of a worthy 
ki:ight, Sir Thomab Rocksby, who beeing ordiiarily serv'd in 
wodd'n cups, wa& wont to say, '* I had rather drink out of wood 
and pa)' gold and silver, then drink out of gold and make wodd'n 
payment." Campion, Hist. Ireland, p. 91. 

76 De Adalatione. 

Read K. Kanutes act by the sea side and answer to flatterer? in 
his life, [viii.] 

76 T^e rcprehensione. 

Nee acerbitate nee scommatis abstinuit Lutherus, interdum etiam 
parum verecundis. SUtdan, 1. IG, p. 261. [ix.] 

77 De MaUdicentia. 

(16, 4) Belli sunt imprimis veisiculi isti quibus Poeta Ttalus Boiardus in 

Orlando Inamorato, lib, 2^ cantum 21°*^^ incipit m n ipm mn hdi ^ M 
monetque prudenter i < < m aledieefitif m i * €ie ne quis temere cuiquam 
maledicat. 



OF JOHN MILTi'N. 1! 

Chi ha troppo al parlar la Ihigiio gciolta, ' 
Com' hn gia detto apetno »e tie pente 
Che ealui di chi parla sta Ud volla 
Diitro ad un tiscio, et oijni coaa senle, 
JC quando non v'e nltriy Iddio l'a»colta, 
Iddio che tien la parte d" offntgrntt 
E «erba la vendetta deW offeso 
Quando rV men pensato, e Men ulleto 
Sempre si vuol faisfllar can rvpetto 
ly ogniuno, g degli alsenti eopra tutto 
JVe voler per non ptfidere tin tiel detlo 
Guiid-agnar ipialehf scherzo, et/tilto l/rut 7, 
Che molte volte I'hvom *i' Iruova ttreUo, 
Anzi riman com' unpesce all 'asciutto 
Quando eijli e sopragiunto al improvUo 
Eli dipigne in mille fogge il viso. 

De i^oluntate. 78 

Tolle rohiHtiilem et erit oinnis aelu» itidifferenit, liraclon de Legg. 
et Conntietud. Ang. 1. 1, cap. 4". 

Sindereaig. 79 

Sinderesia a natural power of the eoule, set in the highett part 
thereof, moving and stirring it to good and abhorring evil. And 
therefore Sindrisia never sinTis nor f.rres. And this Sinderisis the 
Lord put in man to the intent that the order of thingt should he 
obeerred. D' and Student, cap. 13, p. 24. Dialogue the 1", 

Ratio. 80 

Reaton w the pouter of the soul that discerneth beticirt good and 
evil, and betwixt good and better, comparing Uie other. The which 
alsoe sheieelh viitnes, fl-yeth vices, loveth good. D' and Student, 
cap. 14. DiaL l"j)«jrc24. 



12 A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

81 Consdentia, 

Vid. D^ and Student^ cap. 1«5, page 25. Dial, 1'*. 

82 ^quitas. 

Equity is a right unsenesse that considereth all the particular • 
circumstances of the deedj the which allsoe is tempered with the 
sweetnesse of mercy. Z^' and Student^ cap. 16, page 27. Dial. !■*. 



101 Index (Economious. 

106 De Victu. 

De esu sanguinis. Quod interdixerunt Apostoli ecclesiis esu 
sanguinis ut notum est ex actis Apostol: id esse a Christianis usque 
ad Aurelii et Veri tempora observatum tradit Eu^eh. in ill& Biblidis 
quaestione de Martyribus Gallicis: Hist. 1. 5, c. 1, grs^. [Small 
writing.] 

106 De cultu. 

Mulieres ne se nudanto ultra qu&m necesse est: vide Clemens 
Alex. Paedagog, 1. 'i ■, c. 2. p 158, et Cyprian^ lib. de discipline et 
habitu Virginum. [Small writing.] 

109 Matrimonium, Vide de Divortio. 

Apostoli matrimonium contraxisse probantur. Euseb. hist. eccl. 
1. 3, c. 30, grsec. apud eundem uxores et liberos episcoporum nomi- 
natos passim videre est; ut 1. 6, c. 42, de Chseremone et ejus uxore. 
et filium Demetriani Antiochensis Episcopi Domnum sedem patris 
adeptum. Eusd). L 7, c. 30, graec. vide et Socratem^ 1. 1, c. 11, de 
Paphnutio qui corripit quosdam onera nimis gravia imponentea 

*■ Or 12: mach blotted. 



OF JOHN MILTDS. 



13 

k£ocleA!ie Sed Socrates ubi mentioiiptn facit matrimnTiU Clcritonim 
■it intclligi debere ile iis qui iixorem rliixenint, antequ^m muniis 
Ecclesiasticum Buacepissent, ecu ita ipse scripaerit, seu qiiif poafea, 
quod facile fieri potuit, ista de buo interpfsuent. vide ct enndetn, 
1. 5, c 22, gnec. p 698 [emiilt writing"", et Cedren. p. 236 [ix. a]. 

Petrum el Paiilum tnatrimonium contraxissc disertis verbiii afBrmat 
Iffnatiut, et quid de niatriinonin sentit declurat Epist. ad Plnladelph. 
p. 94, 95, et Clemens Alexand. Strom. 3, pag. 448, et Felia- qui 
presbyterium subminisirabat eub Decimo cum Victoria conjuge ejus 
propter fidem extorris legitur liictiis apud Cyprian, epist. 19. 

and the preiBts of England before the Conquest tbire great 
impugner Jobn Cremensia {Holimh. p. 42} becing detected himaeltc 
of whordom, Stojo, Hen. I. y. 26, forbidden to ninrry by Anaeltne, 
much condemn'd therfor by .in old writer Hen. IIimtingtQn. Holinnh. 
p 30, Hen. I. See also tbe alaurd articles of the other synod, 
p. 34. See also Mat. Paris agiiinst forbiiding mnrriage to the 
clergie, Spted, p. 432 and 448. Vide Condi Trident. I. 8, ad 
finero, ubi Theulogi Germani adjunctia Ferdinaudi imperstoris et 
ducis Bavar. literis matriinonium clcrirormn defendunt. 

Polygamiam veterum Judsorum propter varia mysteria sub eft 
latentia baud inconcessam fuisse ait J^wtin Mart. Trypb, p. 364 
r et 371. 

Gregorius Nyssrnwi uxorem habere testatur torn. 3, de virginitate, 
|116. 

Cur Papistee matrimonia clero prohibent, vide rationes aatutas, 
r Conril Trident 1. 5, p. 446, et 662, 1. 7. 

Spuridion Episcopua Oyprius vir sunctitalis fama celebratiBsimus 
' pub Constantino quamTis conjugein et liberoa baberet dicitur tamen 
oirapa ttovto ri $fia yeipav. Sozom. 1. 1, t. 11. 

Manage allow'd to preista in the Councel of Vienne, in France, 
I more than 900 yearea after Christ, the Pope's legates beeing then 
I present. Girard, Hist France, I. .5, p. 300. 

Vide rcBponsum Elizabetbe cum duce Andino nupliiia piopli:r 
Irdigionis differentiam amolientis. Cam. p. 197. 



14 A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

With one of a different religion dangerous : for hence Gregory 
the 15th is so bold as to count Prince Charles a favourer of the 
Catholick cause, as he terms it, and of the Roman jpraelacie, because 
he sought in marriage a daughter of* Spain. Du Chesfie, Hist. 
d'Angleterre, p. 1163. Sec also p. 1166, ct 11 67; et 1 168. 

The marriage with France also was noo lessc dangerous if the 
conditions obtained by the Marquessc D'Effiat and Richelieu be 
true, as among the rest that the children should be bred in the 
papists religion till 13 years old. Du Chesiiey Hist. Angle, p. 
1180, 9etp. 1182, 1184. 

Digamiam lege sanxit Valentinianus. Socrat. 1. 4, c. 30, graec. 
[Small writing.] 

Germani antiqui non unft tantum uxore uti. Ariovisti enim 
du8e fuerunt uxores. Ccesar, Comment. 1. 1, ad finem prope de 
bell, gallic, et Childericus Francorum rex. Bernard Girardj Hist. 
Franc. 1. 1, p. 27. 

Conjugal affection rare, in the wife of E<1. I in Palestine. 

Quartam uxorem licet mortuis priori bus duoere apud Graecos non 
licet, hinc Leonem philosophum imperatorem communione pepulit 
Nicolaus patriarch. Jus Graeco-Ron). p 103. 

The discommoditie of manage. See Chaucer^ murchant'a tale, 
and wife of Bath's prologue. 

Manage with Papists dangerous to England apptares by the 
oration of Fontidonius in the name Di Luna, ilic Spanish Ambas- 
sador to the Councel of Trent, wherein he professes ** che il suo rfe 
si marit6 Maria d'lnghilterra non ad altro fine che per lidur quell* 
Isola alia religione." Concil. Trident. 1. 8, 691. 

Ministris ecclesise nullum jus fuisse apud Christianos antiquis- 
simos ut intcressent vel contractibus vel nuptiis celebrandis ostendit 
SeldenuSy Uxor Heb. 1. 2, c. 28 toto et 29, nempe in illas res 
Papee, et Pojitificali si importune satis iinmiscuere emolumentum, 
inde sibi ac dominatum oaptantes parti m ritus ethnicos ut in caeteris 
fcr^, suscipientes, et vano quodam judicio aemulantcs. (Vide titul. 
de bonis Ecclesiasticis.) 



Cont-iibinalus. 110 

The cause of liouBliold disquiet, as it lurti'd both wife and 
^■diildreii against our Hen. 2. JJolinsL. p. 87. 

Concublnum unani permitu in Ecclesia anliqua Christiana multis 
patrura testiinoniis testatur Setdenus, de jure nat. et gent. L 5, c. 7, 
p. 673. 

Multos uiiaiii clericoa viroe minimu nialoa martyrium etiaui passos, 
fceminas ia doinibus habuisse fatetur. Cypriano adscrlptus Hber de 
singulnritatc tlerieonim, sect. 38. 

Quatuor coneubin.is hubuit Curolua Alagiius. Girard, Hiat. 
Franc. 1.4, p. 229. 

CoDcubinam uxori induierc negoiio cum pastoribus communicato 
hand sc indigimm extBtiinai.it Pliili{ipus ille Ilas^ice princeps pro- 
e^tantium dux. Thuan. Iliitt. I. 11, p. 447. 
Carolus KlartcUus princeps bellicDssimuB (sic) atque optimus Nuthi 
mcubinee filiue, quo natus Pcpiuus CaroH Magni pater. Hist. ""■ 

[ Feidinandus Alphons^i Neapolitani regis optinii ex concubinfi 
■^fHiue regno succcp^it. 

Les bastards estoient advouez et parlagez cgalement avec les In France 
legitimes jusques au temps d'Hues Capet eii France. Girarei, Hjjt. 
fc, France, 1. 6, p. 333. 

Da ne font pas grande diffcrem-c nu pays d'ltalJe d'un enfant in lulj. 
^Btard )i un legitlmf PhUip. de Cominet, I. 7, Memoiree, o. 2, 

De liberie ediicandis. Vide " de scientia liUrarum. Ul 

Katura cujusque imprimis iuspicieuda nee torqueuda alioreutn, 
leum enim non omnes ad singula destinat, sed ad suum quemque 
ipiu propriuiii : unde Dantes " e se 'I mondo la giii ponesee mentc, 
1 Tondiimento che natura pone, &c. : vide PuraJiso, cant. 8. [Siiiall 
^riling ] 

■ Ttui title ia not in the tolame. 



16 A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

Hinc crcdibile est quod de Athanasio traditur, pucrum scil. inter 
pueros cpiscopum egisse puerosque in maris littore baptizasse. 
Socrat. Hist. Eccles. 1. I, c. 11. 

Not to labour, as most men doe, to make them bold and port 
while they are young, which ripens them too soon; and true 
boldnes and spirit is not bred but of veriuoUs eauses, which are 
wrought in them by sober discipline: to this purpose Chaucer^ 
speaking of feasts and revells and daunces, '' such things maken 
children for to be too soon ripe and bold, as men may see, which is 
full pciillous," &c. Doctor of Phis, tale, fol. 58. 

118 De Divortio, vide 116. 

In judicia translatam esse divortii causam videtur ex quo 
Canonici lucrum iude reportare anthoritatemque uberrimam posse 
didiccrunt. IIufL ConciL Trident, p. 67. [x.} 

Qucstiones inuumei*a2 de divortiis inceita solutione tractantur. 
Coficil, Trident, I 8, p. 729, &c. et 737, &c. 

Kit us publici celebrandi matrimonii inultis post apostolos seculis 
introdueti sunt. Coucil, Trid, 1. 8, 772. 

Cuutjta) niati*imoniales ad civilem magistratum pertinebant prius- 
quam ecclesiastici per socordiam principum earum judicia invasere. 
Condi Trident, 1, 8, 772. (Vide de bonis ecclesiasticis.)* 

Carolus Magnus uxoroui Thcodoram rcpuJiat, non reddit^ ejus 
rei cuiquam rationc. Gimt^dy Hist. Franc. 1. 3, p. 146, et Hilde- 
gardum duxit. 

Post quinqucnnalem mariti absentiam, si incertum fuerit ubi sit, 
uxori conceditur cum alio nuptias facere. Manuelis Patriarchae 
Constantinop. Sententia. Jus Graco-Roman, p. 239. Vixit autem 
hie Patriarcha eircu an. 1216. 

Eeligionis causd divortium fieri posse statuit Mattha^us Monachus^ 
sive orthodoxus ita vult non tan turn si ab altero deseratur, in illo 
enim negotio, non simplex evSoxia infidclis ad cohabitationem 
requiritur, sed utriusque awevSoKla secundum Pauli sententiam; 

* The fint foar paragraphs are in amall writing. 



OF JOHN MILTON. 



17 



ait etiam ab Theodoto Patriarclia ita statutum : vide lib. mutri- 
monial. apud Jus Gra-eo-Jioman, p. 507. [xi,] 

GuntariuB archiepiacopus Coloniensie et Tirgandus Trevircnsis 
Lo than urn Lotharingia: ducem repudiat4 Tirburgft Vaetradam 
inducentcm approbavenint. Thuan. 1. 78, 655. 

Pro diverlio vide Boilin. repub. 1. I , c. 3. 

BenatuB Lotariugiae dux repudiata ob deformitatetn ct Gtciilitatem 
uxorc Margarcta, viventc ea PtiUippam siiperinduxit ; ncc tatnen 
ejus ex Philippi filius Vifereditate dejectus. Thuan. hist. 1. 24, 
p. 73-1. 

Wilhelmus Araueionensis (Belgia; et Protestant ium defensor) 
abdicatii a ee ob mores uxore AnnS Mauritii Saxonis 7 viri filifl, 
Carlotam Borboniam Monpenserii Qliatn duxit. Thuan. hist, I. 60, 
p. 72. 

Joannes Basilii filiua MoschoTum dux, uxore repudiate, quod, 
quotics vult,' illi motibus patriia licet, novam ducit. Thuan. hist. 
1. 72, p. 471. 

Propter impedimentiim naturalc Vincentius Mantua: princcps 
Alcxandri Farnesii Rliam repudiat, alia euperiuductii. Tkuan. 1. 80, 
p. 703. 

HonricuH 4tus Gallic Rex Margaritam uxorem ob mores quamvia 
cognationis obtcntu repudiavit, niuttisque exemplis'id sibi quoquc 
liceie demonstrat, quod alii ante se reges varias ob causas fecisseut. 
Thuan. hist. I. 123, p. 885. 

De Servh. ^ 

Quodnam fucrat jus dominorum in servos. Vide Justinian 

Institut. 1. 1, tit. 8, § I. 

De tnanuniissione. Justinian Institut. 1. 1, tit. 5, ct 6. 

Servis refugium a duris doniinis est datum lege civili, cum hac 

pulcra ratione, quod reipub. expedit nc sua re quis male utatur. 

Justinian Institut. 1. 1, tit. 8, § 1. 



* Klin rcgi Bolam 
tbi! margiD.) 
CAHD, 8UC. 



I) Ileibcr. <Ig Mo^^h. (Theu: words a 



18 A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

114 De Matrimonio. 

To forbidd Polygamy to all hath more obstinat rigor in it then 
wisdom. Hence Sir Walter Raugleigh well observes that by such 
rigor the kingdom of Congo was unhappily diverted from the 
Christian Religion, which it willingly at first embrac'd, but after 
with great fury rejected, because plurality of wives was deny'd 
them: I know not saith he how necessarily, but more contentiously 
then seasonably, &c. Hist, of the World, 1. 2, c. 4, sect. 16. 

Sebastianus Castalio Allobrox Bernard inum Ochinum secutus, 
cujus dialogos latinos fecit polygamiam adstruere videtur. Thuan. 
Hist. 1. 35, ad finein, p. 271. 

Britanni etiam post fidem receptam conjuges habuere complures, 
quo nomine a Gildd reprehenduntur quam plurimas conjuges 
habentes, scd scortas, &c. Vid. epist. Gild, et ad finem; unius 
uxoris virum, quod ita apud nos contemnitur, &c. ac si apostolus 
dixisset, virum, uxorum. 

De clandcstinis matrimoniis pro irritis habendis, vide Thuan. 
hist. 1. 35, p. 268, 269 ; idem in Germani& sancitum : hinc 
Fcrdinandi Austrii proles ex Vclseni clam patre Caesare suscepta 
pro non legitim& est habita. Thuan. 1. 71, p. 446. 

Incestus. Philippus Hispaniae Rex sororis filiam ducit Thuan. 
hist. 1. 71, p. 442, etc ; et supra et Ferdinandus Ferdinandi Csesaris 
filius: idem, hist. 1. 71, p. 446. 

115 Adulterium. 

Protestantes, Aureliani, cum ea urbs penes eos erat, adulterium 
moi-te puniebant; quam rem aulici adeo graviter tulere, ut semper 
se ideo a protestantibus alienos futures profess! sint Thuan. I. 35, 
initio libri. 

116 Divortium. 

Cur pcrmitti debet. Ratio est quia ut Medici et omnes fere 
• fatentur, cujus sine amore est frigidus, insuavis, infoecundus, noxius, 



OF JOHN MII-TON. 19 

ferinus, fcedus. Sinibald. GeneanthropeiBS, 1. I, tract 2, proEem: 
indignum itaque cei vel utrumque vel Immerentcm saltern tam 
immnni vinculo invitum conatringi. [xii.] 

Ifivitiai. 148 

Contra divitias probe dinaerit Mackiavellus divitias voti esse belli 
ntrvos quod vuUjo creditnr. ducors, I. 2, cap. 10. 

Pavpertas. 150 

Britannoiiini epiacoporuin paupcrtus cck'bris apud Sei'n'iim 

SulpUium tempore Conatanlii imp: aacroi hist. 1. 2, p. 157. [timall 

writing.] [xiii,] 

See Chaucer, no poverty but sin. Wife of Batli's tale, p. 36. 

Eletmonyna;. vide de bonis ecclesiaaticii. 161 

Edessenorum mira charitas In captivia Antiochensium rodiinendia : 
vide apud Procopium, Fcrsic: 3. nam et meretricea ornatum suuiii 
ad id impcndisse dir^batitur, et runticoa jumenta sua veudidisse, 
p. 66, edit. griEC. [Small writing.] 

l!^leemosyiias nostras hominibus notaa ne velimus esse, aiiadct 
ChrysosUfin in Gen. orat, 8, argumcnto verissttno. (juod homines 
plerumquc ubi laudare debent, invident, non est ergo ut de huinanfi 
kude multum spcremus. 

Eleemosynarum profusissimi non semper vetk pii ul in Adclbertn 
' Eporregiie marchionc videre est qui cum juvenis bcnigiiissimo in 
pauperes aniino fuisse visus esset, adultua farase ob pcrCdiam nc< 
quissimte (erebatur. Cutj'lnian. in Berengario, p 223. 

EiTonibua mendicis non dandnm, ut monet Altleua episcopus 
Const. rai<t altryyirotKvot'; tijI' aXrqaiv, aW' ov')(i ^ol<l ifivopiav Sia 
fiiov TTjii yaa-Ttpa trpoTiffftKotri. Socrat, 1. 7,c. 25. [Small writing.] 

Elecmoaynse post mortem data: in lis rebus perditis, ct vanis 
numerat Ariotttta quas ad circulum Ludes volare fingit sine ullo 
dantium fructu: I'elemosinB i, dice, chc si lafsa alcum, che fatta sia 
dopo la morle. Cant. 34. [Small writing.] 



20 A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

160 De usurd. 

Usuram peccare in naturam, et in artem ait Dantes; in naturam, 
quia &Lcii ut nummi pariant nummos, qni est partus non naturalis; in 
artem, quia non laborat, etc. ^^de Cant, ii. Inferno, et DanielL 
in eum locum. [Small writing.] 

Of the Pope's cruell usurers or merchands call'd Caursini, see 
Speed, p. 532. 

Num licita sit latd disserit Ricetut pnelect^on. in decalog. p. 276 
et affirmativam tuetur. 



177 Index Politicus. 

Retpublica, 

Immunitatem o£Eiciorum civilium clericis edicto sanxit Con« 
stantinus. EuseK hist. L 10, c. 7. [Small writing.] 

The form of state to be fitted to the peoples disposition: some 
live best under monarchy » others otherwise : so that the conversions 
of commonwealths happen not always through ambition or malice : 
as among the Romans who after thire infancy were ripe for a more 
free goverment then monarchy, beeing in a manner all fit to be 
Ks. : aiWrward growne unruly and impotent with overmuch pros- 
perity, were either for thire profit or thire punishment fit to be 
curb*d with a lordly and dreadfuU monarchy; which was the error 
of the noble Brutus and Cassius who felt themselves of spirit to firee 
an nation, but consider d not that the nation was not fit to be free, 
whibt forgetting thire old justice and fortitude which was made to 
rule, they became slaves to thire owne ambition and luxurie. 

Inter religionem et rempub. divortium esse non potest. Camden. 
KH^ttb. ad lectorem. 

Contraria) sententiae erat Hospitalius GalHse Cancellarius pru- 
dcuti»{«imus : nuilti, inquit, cives esse possunt qui minime sint 



OF .inns MILTON. 21 

Christjani, et qui ab ecclesi» gremio remotus est, non deainit esse 
dvis; et pacate vivere possumua cum iia qui non eadem sacra 
nobiscum uolunt. Thuan. hist. 1. 29, p. 74. 

ReBpub. regno potior: — percho delle repub. escano piu buomini 
eccellenti, ebe dc regni: per che in quelle il piu delle volte si 
honora la vlrtii, ne regni si terac, &o, Macchiavet. arte di guerra, 
1. 2, p. 63. 

/ declare it int/ opinion in my diecouriea upon Liry, that the great 
actions wee read of in that hislorie, and that the excellende ofthote 
eounseU and atchievements, and the improoement tehich mankind, and 
at I may soe nay, humane nature it selfe (Stained aniongit the 
Romans, did proceed naturally from their ffovemenient, and was 
but a plaine effect and consequence of the perfection of their 
Commonwealth. I^achiareVs letter before his works, printed at 
Lotulon 1675,^). 3", [Lord Preston's writing.] 

Avutr in patriam. 1 

Virtus ista caut^ a philosopbis petenda est, non enim ctecus et 
carnalis patriae amor ad rapinas, et csedes, et odium vicinatum 
gentium rapere nos debet, ut patriam imperio, opibus, aut gloriS 
augeamus; sic enim etbnici fccerunt; Chriatianos autcm inter se 
pacem colore oportet, et non appetere aliena : banc ob cauaam 
invehitur in philosophiara Lactanlius, 1. 6, c. 6. 

of St. Pierre de la Mere, sec Ilolinsh. ed. 3, p. 410, 411, 418. 
the Thomaa of Woodstock, D. of Gloster in the reign of Ri. 2. 
Bolimh, Richard Fitz Allaine, E. of Arundel, for his whole lif 
noble and memorable ; and in bis death also, under Rich. 2. 
Holimh. 

Leges. 1 

Savanaruola, essendogli mandato una acommunica da Roma, non 
Pubbedi, dicendo in sua difesa una bella parabola, per la quale ei 
pruova cbe si de pin tosto ubbedire alia inteniiono delle leggi che 
alle parole: I. 1, p. 48, 49, rinovation della chiesa. 



I 

1 



22 A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

Lambard saith that laws were first devis'd to bound and limit 
the power of governours, that they might not make lust thire 
judge and might thire minister. Archeion, c. 3. 

Some say they ought to have reasons added to them : il legislatore 
che rende ragione del suo detto diminuisce rautoritb, sua, perche il 
suddito s'attacca alia raggione addotta, e quando credo haverla 
risoluta, pensa d*haver anco levata la virtu al precetto. ConciL 
JVi<ieut. L 6. p. 460. 

Alfred turn'd the old laws into English. I would he liv*d now 
to rid us of this Norman gibbrish. Sto. p. 80. [xiv.] The laws 
of Molmutius, as Holinsh. p. 15, and of Queene Martia, see 
Holinshed in the reigne of Sisilius the son of Guintolinc, p. 19. 
Inas also of the West Saxons K. made many laws, Holinshed, 1. 6, 
c. 1: and he it was that made that shamefull and unworthy law of 
Peeter pence, renew'd also by the murderer Offa the Mercian, so 
thinking to expiate his horrid sins. Holinshed, 1. 6, c. 4. [xv.] 

De jure naturali, gentium, et civil! quid statuant jurisperiti; 
vide Justinian. Institut. 1. 1, tit. 2. [Small writing.] 

Edward the Confessor reduc't the laws to fewer, pick't them, 
and set them out under name of the Common Law. HolifuA^ L 8, 
c 4. 

LaMryers' opinions turn with the times for private ends. Speed, 
614, 615, Rich. 2; but thire end is to be considered, p. 616. 

Kings of England swomc to the Laws ; see Rex. at thire crowning. 
King William the Conq, sworne solemnly the second time in the 
church of St. Albans, which he presently broke. Holinsh, p. 10. 
[xvi.] — Henry the 1 comming to the crowne promiseth* to 
abolish the unjust laws of the Normans and to restore the laws of 
K. Edward. Holinsh. p. 28. Maud, the empresse, deniing the 
Londoners' request in this point, lost, therby, the faire forwardnesse 
she was in to the crowne. Holinsh, Steph. p. 5vi. King John, 
at his absolution from the Pope's curse and interdiction promis'd 

• In the marpin — graDtod also ami confirmed by cbartor. — Uolinsh. ISl and 183. 
SpMd, p. 447, Rich. I. See S|)eed at his Cro^Tiinp of K. John, rid. Sabditns. 









ik*^v 



OF JOHN MILTON. *0 

the same. Holinah. p. 180, see also p. 181; which, refuaing to 
perfo'ine, cost him all the trouble that Bucceeded; p. 183 and 186. 
Henry the 3'' at the" betwixt him and Lewis swore, together with 
his protector the E. of Penib. ibr hira, that he would reetore all 
the riglils and liberties before demanded of his father. Uolingk. 
p. 201 ; urg'd about it by the B. of Cantur. p. 204-5, for the which 
deny'd Lewis the f. K. refuses to restore Normandy upon demand 
to Hen. 3: the same K. demanded againe shiftingly answers, 
p. 20.^; amj begins to assaile his barony ibid: upon a Bftcen 
granted Hen. 3 conGrms by Parliament the 2 charters, Magna and 
de Foresta, an. reg. 9, p. 207; but cancell'd by him most ignobly 
when he came to age. p. 208; Hubert de Burgh beeing cheif 
setter on, p. 209; but after beeing at full age fieely of his owne 
consent, an. reg. 21, granted and confirmed these 2 charters, 
Ifolinsh. p. 220; also an, reg. 37, with sentence of excommunication 
against the breakers tberof, p. ?48, with particular execration 
which the K. used against himselfe if he broke them, ibid; yet 
afterwards sought to be absolv'd of it by the Pope, and breaks, 
p. 249; Bwome to it again with his son Prince Edward, p. 258, 
and also Richard E. of Cornwall, sfter his proud denial, p. 261, 
and curse denounc't on the breakers, 262; causes his absolution to 
be read, 263 ; accepts againe the ordinances of Oxford, 265, re- oxfo, 
nounues againe, ibid; promises again, being prisoner to the barona, Marie- 
268, and confirm'd by Pari, at Macleborow, 274, vide SubditUB. ^^* 

Morei Gentium. 180 

A dangerous thing, and an ominous thing, to imitate with ear- 
ntesnessc the fashions of neigbour nations: so the English ran 
madding after the French in Edward Confessor's time, Sto. p. 94, 
Spead : god turn the omen from these days, [xvii.] 

liex. 181 

^us authoritaa in rebus divinis. Modestia quidem principis, 

cutD de myateriis religionis ab eniditis et fidebbua episcopis ad ejus 

* The irord Imer seernh omitted. 



24 



A COMMONPLACE BOOK 



authoritatem refertur vald^ laudabilis est: sic Valentinianus cum 
de Ofwvaia episcopi ad eum mitterent, vide quae respondent. Hist. 
MUcel. 1. 12, p. 351 et 354: vide quateaus CoUstontinuE se dixerit 
esse epiacopiun. Euseb. 1. 4^ vit. Const, 24. [Small writing.] At 
(21. 10) Constantinua petentibua Donatietin ul judices lie conlroversiie inter »e 
et Caii.hagiuU epiacopian ortia daret, relvjiosUsime reapondii, pelilu 
it me in secido judieiutn cum ego ipse Cristi ex}>eetem judicium. 
Sigon. de occid. imp. I. 3. 

In re divind tanquara vTro<fyriTt}v ct lotcrpres Aidani praslt populo 
Buo rex Northumbriai Oauuldus, et explicat, qute Aidanus minus 
feliciter expresserat propter linguK imperitiam. Beda, et ex eo 
Uolinshed. 

Coneirning the dutte and office of an English K, how to governe 
read the dying counsail of Hen. 4 to his son, Sto. 

Rcges vix se mortales se agnoscuat, vix humanum sapiunt, nisi 
aut quo die crcantur aut quo inoduntur, illo die humauitat^m, ct 
lenitatem simulant, ape popularis aune captandie: hoc mortem ante 
oeuloB habentea male factorum conscieniiH, quod res est, fatentur, 
se miselloa homines esse. Vide mortem Gul. 1. Conquistoria Anglia;, 
apud Stoum nostrum, el abdicationera Ed, 2. 

Reprehensionis justie patiens egregie. Theodosius senior ab 
Ambrofiio reprehenaua graviter et in ordiiiem redactus ob caidem 
Thessalonicenaimn, Hist. Miscel. 1. 13, p, 376, [Small writing.] 

Counsels unjust he shames not to reverse. Thus did the worthy 
Ed. 1 that cruel statute whicli he had made, Quo Warranto, 
perceiving himselfe to incurre the hatred of his people therby. 
HoHmh. p. 230. 

Ad Eubditos EuoB scribens, Constantinus Magnus non alio nomine 
quam iVatrea uppellat; vide epiat Constantini ad Alexandrinos, 
Socral. I I, c. 6. Vide et Euseb. de viu Constant. 1. 3, c. 18, in 
fine, et 1. 3, c. 5S, in epiat. Conatuntitii ud populum Antiochenum, 
initio et fine, ct alibi. [Small writing.] Augustus imperii formator 
ne dgminum quideni diei se volebat, et hoc cnim Dei eat cognomen ; 
dicam plane imperalorem dominum, scd quaudo Don cogor ut 



nr JOHN MILTON. 



25 



dominum del vice dicam; csternm liber sum illi. dominuB meuB 
deu3 unua est, Ac. TertulL apologet. p. 31, edit, rigalt. qui pat«r 
patriffi est, quomodo domiuus est? ibid 

De hajrede constitucndo. Optimum esse si rex filium euuiu in 
regnum post se traditurus sit sic instituat, ut l^^cd^t patrem £uum 
regni successioncin non setati ejus scd meritis destinare, nee se 
paternum imperium tanquaiti pnedam liairediiariam, sod ut virtutia 
pncmium accepturum: proiode ut secretij potiils apud se staluat, 
quiim publice declarat quern sit regni hajredem rclicturus, ct velut 
in dubio relioquat ea operA pcr6ciet, ut ne puer minis fcrociter se 
gerat; miniisque ndulatoruin grcge etipntus sit, nee vitat patris 
insidias struat, cum in incerto sit fueritne alius a patre designatus 
cujus judicium essensus populi facile Ecquatur; hoc modo Joannes 
Ducas Bataza filium rcliquit Thcodorum ad legni spcm non certam 
nisi post patria mortem; ut scribit Nicephona Gregor. 1. 3, C 1 : 
The not observing tbis wrought our Hen. 2 a world of disquiet 
And danger, Uolimh. p. 76. Hinc Elizabeths Mariam Scolicam 
hffiredem snam declarare noluit. Camd. p, 65, 67, 68, et amplius, 
106. 

The crowning of K's in England not admitted till thire oath 
reeeav'd of justice to be administer'd according to the laws. StOK 
and Ilolinth. William Conqueror and otlier K's. K. Rich, the 2 
also renew'd his oath in parliament time in the church at Westmin. 
Slow, an. reg. 11. Richard the 1. Holinsh. p. 118, at large. 

Solennitas coronandi Ca^aaris Caroli quinti in Italia, apud Jovium 
L27 [p. 106]. 

Unction refus'd by Henricua Auccps a I'amous German Emperor. 
Cuspinlan in his life. 

Crowning of French K'a. Steidan, 1. 18, 327. 

Electio Germanorum imp. quaado oepta est fieri. Ciiepinian, 
|;Otto 3, p. 254. 

Conditioncs Csisari futuro accipiend^e apud Sletdan extant, 1. 1, 
. 15, £c. 

Condilionea iidem imperatori Grseco futuro in ae recipiende. 

CAMD. BOC. E 



2fi A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

Codinua Curopalat. de officiis Constantinopol. c. 17 de coronalione 
imperatoria. 
' Adorari se primum Romanonim esse pnasum Dioclesianum scribit 
Su/onius de imp. occid. ]. 1, cum ante eum omncs Romani Impera- 
torcs consulari tantum salutatione contenU fuisaent: quod alii de 
Constantino asserunt. 

Christiani antiqui qutd senserint de hoc Justinut Martyr ad 
imper. Pium scribens declarat fundatA super Christi doctrina, sen- 
tentia, ut Cojsan demiis qua; Ciesaris, dco quae del sunt, odev inquit 
Oeof ft€v fwvov trpo(TKvvovfi.(v vfilv 3^ irpov t^ aXKa jfaipovre^ 
{nrtjpeTovfifv ubi plane TrpoaKvuTjirri soli dco, regibus wpodv/ioif 
inniper^atv tribnit: Apolog. 2. p, 64. 

Leges suas Justiniunus alibi vocat oracula; et nostra divina 
constitutio, Institut. 1. 2, tit. 2, § 9, et sacratissimum serarium; 
ibid. 

Autboritfltem regiam a PaptL non dependere scripsit DanUa 
Florentinns in eo libro cui eat titulo (sio) Monarcbia quern librum 
Cardinal is del Poggietto tanquara sii rip turn biereticuin comburi 
curavit, ut testatur Boecatius in vita Dantia editione priore, nam e 
poatcriori mentio istius rei omnis est deleta ab inquisitore. [Small 
writing tbus far.] 

Officium et dclinitio iniperatoris egregia est: Jus Gneco Romanum, 
I. 2, p. 178, ex lib. de jure qui est Basil. Constant. Leonis ubi ait 
TeXo? T« ^aaiXit to tvepyeretv icai rjuiica tj}s evepytulttq f^aToinjai] 
SoKsi Kiff&riKeveiv tov fiaatXtKOP ^apamripa. Vide ctiam Orland. 
Inamorat. del Bemi, cant. 7, atanz. 3; un re sc vuole il suo dcbito 
fare, non ^ re veramente ma Taltore del popolo, etc. 

The clergie commonly tbe corrupters of kingly authority, turn- 
ing it to tyrannic by thire wicked flatteries even in the pulpit, as 
An. reg. Rich. 2, an. 21. Stafford, Bishop of Exceter, in parlia- 
ment time, -which was cauae of great miaclief to both K. 
country. 

The right of K'a to the goods of hb subjects. The answer of 
■ Re-r is at tlt« head of tbo p«ge. 



OF JOHN MILTON. 27 

Beginald to Ruacand the Pope's legat. Leg-: All churches aie the 
Popea. Regin.: Truth, to defend, but not to use them to serve his 
own tumc; as wee say, all is the princes; that is, all is hia to 
derend, but not to apoile. Holinsh, p. 253. 

De Monurchia. Sevenis Sulpittus ait regium nomen semper Hberis. 
gentibus fere iavisum, dainnatque factum Hebneorum quod prae- 
optarent libertatem Ecrvitio mutaro. Hist, Sac. 1. 1, p. 56. 

The first original of a K. was in paternal authority, and from 
thence ought patterne himselfe how to be toward his subjects. 
Smith, Com.-wel. c, 12. 

The cause and reason of creating Kings, see well express'd in 
HaiUan. Hist. France, 1. 13, p. 719. 

Ko king can give away his Icdom without consent of the whole 
state, Holimli. 191; as appears also by the letters of the Parlia- 
ment sent to the Pope with consent o[ Ed, 1 conciiniug the realm 
of Scot. Holinsh. p. 311. So also it was answcr'd to Hen. 3 of 
France by the parliament at Blois. T/iuan. hist. 63, p, 186, 
nullo casu alicnari a regc patrimoniuot corona posse, quippe cujus 
rex lantum sit usufructuariua, proprietate penes regnum, etc. Ibid. 
Lxviii.] 

Whether Monarchy be a power absolute. Sir Tho. Smith 
answercth that neither it nor any other kind of commonwealth ia 
puro an[d] absolute in his kind, no more then the elements are 
pure in nature, or the complexions and temperatures in a body, 
but mixt with otlier, for that nature will not suffer it. Com-wealth 
Eng, c, 6. And in the 9 c. that the act of a K. neither approved 
by the people, nor establisht by act of Purliament, is taken for 
nothing eitlier to bind the K., his successors, or his subjects ; instancing 
in K. John who resign'd his crowne to Pandulfus for Pope. 

I re Aragoncai non hanno assoluta Tautorita regia in tutte le 
r cose. GuU-ciardiii. 1. 6, Hist. p. 3^7. 

Definition of Sir Tho. Smith is; A King is who by SiiccesBion 
i or election comraeth with good will of the people to hia govcrment, 
I Rnd doth administer the com. welth by the laws of the same and by 



28 A COMMONPLACE BOOR 

equity, and doth secke tlie profit of the people as his owne: and on 
the conlrarie he that coros by force, breaks laws at hia pleasure, 
maka othera wilhout* consent of the people, and regaideth not the 
wealth of the commons, but the advancement of himselfe, hie 
faction, and his kindred, he defines for a tyrant: c, 7. See Arist. 
Eth. 9, c 10, 6 fieu yap Tiipavvo<; to uvtu cvfJ.ij)4pov cKoirh, 6 Se 
ffaa'i\£v<i TO Toiv ap-)(Ofieviav' 

I regni clie hanno buoni ordinl non danno impeno assoluto a 
gli loro re se non negli esscrciti, per che in questo luogo solo e 
necessaria una aubiia deli beroti one, &c. Fabricio appo MaccMvel, 
arte di guerra, 1. I, p 15. 

Siihditug. Vide Rex. Vide de Idolatria " et Seditione.'' 

Papa Gregorins Italos Juraraento, quo Leoni Isauro obligantur 
exolviL Sigon. reg. Ital. 1. 3, p. 63. Papa aubditua juramcnto 
fidei exsolvit.' 

Regniun ChJlperico propter ignaviam abrogat Zachariaa Papa 
Francis sacrament! religionc solutis. Sigon. reg. Itai. 1. 3, p 74. 

Ordines Belgii imperium PhiHppo abrogant scripto etJam edito 
HagsB, eique obedientiam renunttare provincbe jubentur. Thuatu 
I. 74, p. 513. 

England a free nation not only at home but from all claim what- 
soever from Pope: see Holi/ishead, 101 et 311: from Emperoiir 
aa appeares by meeting the Emperour Sigismond with drawn sword. 
Hen. 5, Speed, p. 646. 

Parliament by three eatatea, church-men. Lords, and Commons, 
first convocated by Charles Martell lo elect him prince of the French 
about the year 730. 

The Commons of France give instructions to their knights 
and burgesses. For when Bodin, who served for the country of 

• This qnototion from Aristotle ia in the raftrgin. 

'' These two Articles nrc not in tbo bodf of the Tolnme or in the tiiblo M tbe pnil. 

' Tba lut Atb words are in the margin. 



Vennandoia in the great PiirlamcTit at Blois 1576, had flpok'n 
Bomtbing displeasing to the courtiers, they suborned som of that 
countrie to accuse hira for going against tbir instructions, Thuan. 
hist. I. 53, p. 179. 

To say that the lives and goods of the subjects are in the hands 
of the K. and at his disposition is an article against Hi. II. in Pari., 
a thing ther said to be most tyrannous and unprincely. Holinsh. 
503. 

The liberties of English subjects. Vide dc Icgibus. Magna 
Charta, and Charta de forest^, subscrib'd and seal'd to by K. 
John betwixt Stanes and Windsore, Uolinsh. p. 185, 186; but 
got to be made void by the Pope, p. 189, but manfully rejected by 
the barons; ibid. 

An office to correct the King, The Earl of Cheater bare the 
sword of St. Edward before the K. in token that he was Earle of 
the palace, and had authority to correct the K. if he should see 
him swerve from the limits of justice. Ilolinsh. Hen, 3'', 219; 
this sword is called by Speed Curtnna, p, fi03, Rich. 2. 

The citizens of London toll-free throughout all England by the 
charter of Hen. 3. Ilotinsh. p. 208; other thire liberties con- 
firmed by Ed. 3. Holimh. p. 343. 

The 24 Govemours chosen at the Parliament abuse thire liberty. 
HoHvih. p. 259. The charters and liberties confirm'd and seal'd 
by Edward 1. HoUnsh. 306, and declar'd in Parliament, ibid: 
certain Earls undcrtak for him to scale and comfirm again, p. 307: 
confirm'd again in Parlameni, but the clause salvo jure coronie 
offends the barons and the whole people, 308; renews the confir- 
mation of the charters, 309, ibid, and at Lincoln, 312 ; procures to 
be absolv'd of hia oath by the Pope, 313. Ed. 3 assents to good 
part in parliament. Ilolinsk. p, 361, but both Ed. 1 and Ed, 3 
assent and confirm absolutely, saith Speed, about a dozen times by 
this K.,596. 

Of parliament liberties, Holinsh. 452, 

The Ld. Chauncellour, the Chcife Justice, and the Treasurer, 



30 



A COMMONPLACE BOOK 



elected or depos'd by the Pari, of ancient custom. Lamb. Archeion, 
out of Mat. Paris. 

Speed makes tlie begmning of Farlament in Hen. 1 days, p. 
449. 

If the Pope be not greater then a Councel, then is no K. to be 
thought greater then the Parlamenl. See de Coneiliia. 

Tenures of Fief or Feud thouglit to be brought in by Charles 
the Great. Girard. Hist. France, 1. 4, p. 229; although the 
original seem to be unjust, for that which was conquer'd land 
ought freely to bo divided to the people according to merit, and to 
hold only by his truth and fidelity to the Commonwealth. Wberin 
doubtles the Roman agrarian laws are more noble. Hence that 
Historian confesses, p. 232, that they who hold in fief arc in a 
manner servants. 



t Lenitae. 

Lenitaa ninua liegi Sigeberto Orientalium Saxonum perniciosa. 
Malm^mr, 1. 1, c. 6, et Stow. 

Prohibiuon ol' books not the wisest cours. punitis iogeniis gliscit 
autoritas; and indeed we ever see that the forbidden writing is 
thought to be a ceitaiu spark of truth that flyeth up in the faces of 
tbem that sctk to chok and tread it out; wberaa a book sutoiized 
is thought to be but the language of the time. Sir Fran. Bacon in 
ft discours of church affairs. 

Prohibition of books when first us'd. The storie iherof is in the 
Councel of Trent, 1. 6, strait from the beginning, p. 457, &c. 

Quid utiliiatis ex adversariorum libris, si semotis odiis caritatem, 
et o;quitatem induamua, ad dei gloriam capi possit, illustri docu- 
mento ostendit Thuanus, dum narrat Bibliorum versionem a Bibli- 
andro, et Pellicano incboatam a theologis Hispauis eousque fuisse 
probatam, ut ilium ipsi suppressis veroiuni authoium nominibus 
cdere non dubitarent. Tkuan. hist. 1. 36, p. 287. 



op JOIIS MILTON. 



Ti/ranuun, vide 248, 

Sigerljertus West Saxonum tyrantius leges patriaa conculcans 
meritas loit poenas. Malmeahur. 1. I. Sto. 

Richard the 2^ in his 21 jeare holding a violent parlament 
shorten'd his days : see ia Sto. the violency of that purl. See 
other tyrannicati acts an. 22; and of this pari. Ilolinsh. 490. 

His definition. See de Reije out of Sir Tko. Smith, 7 et 8 c. And 
Basil, distinguishes a tyrant from a K. briefly thus, rovro yap 
Suvjtepd Tvpawoii ^airtKiw^, on 6 ftev to eaurov Trapraj^oBeir vKovei, 
o Se TO TOK upj^ofihioit; ay^iXtfiov iicTropt^ei. Tom. i. 456. 

Tyrannicall practizes of Rich. 2 and his accomplices. See Ilolinsh. 
p. 456, an. reg. 1 1 : 457, 458, 4fi2, 487. See also the Pari. Holinsh. 
490, 493; blanck charters, 490; and other tyrannical actions, ibid. 
Sec also the articles against him in Parliament. HoUn, 502, also 
508. [xix.] 

Aiding tyrants. Tlie Black Prince, by aiding the cruel tyrant 
Peter of Castile, brought himselfe to all the mischeifa that fell on 
his latter days and his fathers; for besides the suspicion of poyson 
on the voiage, he brought himself into so deep debt, beeing 
defrauded of bis soldiers pay by the ingralfuU tyrant, that he was 
foro'd to raise that sharp taxation of fuage in Aquitain, wherby he 
lost the country. See our writers and Spe. p. 597. 

Whether it be lawfull to rise against a tyrant. Sir Thomat 
Smith prudently answers that the common people judge of that act 
according to the event and successc, and the learned according to 
the purpose of the doers, &c. Com-weallb of Engl. c. 5. [xx.] 

Ludovicus Pius, beeing made judge of a certain German tyrant, 
approves the people who had depos'd him and sets his younger 
brother up in his stead. Girard, Hist. France, 1. 4, p. 248. [xxi.] 

Scoti proceres missis ad Elizabetham legatis post Klariam regno 
pulsam, jure id factum multia exemplis contendunt. Thuaruiuet. 
1. 50, pag. 769. [xxii.] 

or tho deposing of a tirant and proceeding against him. Richard 



32 



A COMMONPLACE BOOK 



the 2nd was not only depos'd by parliament, but BUt€ made by 
the commons that he might have judgement decreed against him 
to avoifi furder miscbeif in the reahn. IloUnsh. 512. [xxiii.] 

Peirus Martyr in 3 c. Ind. eis qui potestatem superiorem eligunt 
certisque leglbus reipub. priefici unt, ut hodie clectores imperii etc. 
licere, si princeps pQctis, et promissis non ateterit, eiira in ordinem 
cogere ac -vi adigere, ut conditionea et pacta qua: fuerat poUicitus, 
compleat, idquc vel armis cum aliter fieri non possit: citatque 
authorem Polydorum nostros homines aliquando suos regea compu- 
llsse ad rationem reddendam pecuniaa male administratie, [xjtiv.] 
) An occidere Itcfat. Ad un principe cattiro non e altro reniedio 
che il/erro. A curare le malattia del popolo hastano U parole ; a 
quella del principe hisogna il ferro. Maeehlavel. ditaort, c. 58, I. \. 

Nee imperatorem perpetratis fl^gitiis urgere metuunt principea 
Germanise, quo quidem rex quivia Europietis neque major neque 
sanctior potest esse, ne quia facinus eaae putet regcm justaa ob 
cauaas accusationibus appetcre. Vide Sleidan, 1. 18, 299. 

Yitam principum sfnimnoaam et perpetuo aqllicitam ctiam corum 
qui rem propius non iutuentibus, felices videntur, deacribit Cominasua 
teatis pers^pe oculatua. Comuies, 1. 8, c. 13, p. 684, &c. 

De monarchic Gallictl ad tyrannidem Turcicam redJgendA cou~ 
Bilium Blesia I'uisse iuitum a rege Car. 9 regina raatre aliis tradit 
Thnanus : et rnUonea ejua rci perficiendEE per sunc commodaa 
a Ponceto quodam explicatas fuse narrat. Hist, I. 57, p. 970. 

Regea a subditis potestate exuti aut minuti, nullfi reconciliatione 
ne interpcsito quidem juramento poatea placantur, exempla recentis 
a extant. T/iiian. hist. l. 71, 423. 



Bex Anfflica, <Jt!. 

Ilia right to France, ond the falsehood of the Salick law shewing 
how divcra K'a of France came in by the female aide. See Holinsh. 
Hen. 5, p. Mo, 546, and Speed in Uku. 5, 638. 



OF JOHN MILTON. 



33 



But ratifi'd in full parlameni at Paris by oaths of all ihc nobles. 
^ed, p. 657. 

Rex Galliffi parlamcnti sui perpetui dccretie pararc nccease habct, 
ut scribit Claudius Seselliue, quod ille frrcnum regla vocat; de 
repub. Gallor, 1. 1 ; ad quoastores etiam publicoa rationes expenaa- 
tura regiarum refcruntur: quas illi potcstatcra mlnueiidi habcnt, 
81 iminoderatas vel inutiles esse cognoverint : ibid, [xxvi,] 

The wealth of the Crown without opprtission of subjecta may be 
seen in the cxpenccs which Q. Eliz. was at in maintaining warre 
with her moniea in divers places abroad, and at the same time 
paying her liebta at home. Camd. vol. 2, p. 20. 

Miilieres a public^ rerum administratione omni excludi soHtas 
ostendit Lib. cui titulo (sic) Franco-Gallia apud Thnan. Hist. 
I. 57, p. 969. 

Victu modico cese regem decere dicerem nisi apud Cutpinianwn 
legerem, Francos non ferre regem qui 10 drachmia vile pranderct 
obsonium. Vide in vitS Berengarii, p. 221. 

Vide veram re<fi* descrijHionem in Uracton dn legg. el Consitetud, 
Aug. I. 1. c. 8, ad jinem ; qui Irecentis ab fiine anttis scripstt, 
tempore sel. Henrici 3. [Lord Preston's writing.] 

Rex Hcbneorum legibus nun erat aolutus: vide Schickitrd. jus 
regium, Theor. 7. 

Scotland waB at first an elective kingdom for a long time : vide 
Hist. Soot. 

France an elective kingdom either to choopc or to depose. 
liemard de Girard Hist. Franc. : faut noter che (sic) jusques !i 
Hues Capet, tous Ics rois de France ont est^ eleuz pur le Fran<;-oia 
qui Be reserverent ceste puissance d'elire e bannir e cliasser leur 
rois: I. 1, p. 19, in fol: et 1. 3, p. 123, ItlcclJon estoit conditionelle, 
et p. 129, 134. [In margin]. Vide lib. Franco- Gal liae titulo apud 
Thuan. hist. 1, 57, p. 969, 

By parlamcnt of three estates, first then found out, Charlea 
Martel was chosen Prince of the French. Bern, de Girard, 1. 2, 
p. 109, and Pepin King, 1. 3. p. 134. Afterward Charles the 

CAUI>. soc. F 



^Icpic. liK/Ugh of the tux of •r^iirlcs li-r Greai, .iciws'd mud Robert 
c: jT^'d in Lis siea^i 1-t ihe Frei-r*: : ivniins :i::r"*ix, as suth the 
History. »To:r an noTeaa r:-r litL-ille r:-nrae lu" sn Le:redicaire sot 
ei idiot. Gimr*!^ Hin. Fr^nc. L T*, ;:»- 2^S^^. 

B^ad aIs»D the excellent sjeech ::' \n e=:bMS«£:*r &om tlie french 
to Charles duke of Lorrain shewing r^::^: n wtj iber lud rejected 
?.iia the right he:r to the crown ind ch-:>sen Hugh C*pet. Girard, 
1. 6, p. 327. See alsD the like speech bef:ie of Pope Steevn 
crowning Pepin, L 3. 134. 

Schola Sorbonica in caeta 60 Theiflogoniin pronnntiant contm 
regem pro defensone religionis anna cap: posse. Thwuu 1 94« 
391 . 

*87 ^4 *j . iVt' € t Cor, f'uij rtV. 

What tron great courtiers maj hare in pnesent pleasing the K. 
with violence an<f undue oc»urses against the people on pnetence of 
maintaining regal right, the downfall of Hubert may testifie. See 
Speed. See also of the JuJges in Eich. 2 in the Chapter Leges in 
this book. 

See also an excellent description of such an Oligaichr of nobles 
abusing the countnance to the ruin of roval sovrantr. Arcad. 
.Sirffww, 1.2, p. 119, ic. 

Aulicorum bene merita cito /ri/jf*eere csf^ndit lepidis tersSms 
Bciardus Poeta Italut in Orlando Inamorato^ L 2, cant 21"*. 

**ooni serrir di Cortimano 

Zai sera e grata e la mattina e rawo." 
Hit addit ejus reformator Bemia Hetruscus 

^* Si suole in S/agna un certo detto usare 
(Certo 'ptegli Sj.*agmioli han di hei trattij 
Cfi'un serrigio vol piu che s^haM a fare 
Che cento mila milion de ^aWi.'* 
Most tif rants hare ordinarily ntare unto their own persons some 
Minions o/tchorn they make great account and reckoning: whom they 
ttse as sponges to suck up their subjects blood, upon whom wheti 



OF JOHN MIJ>TON. 35 

n serreih they digcJiarge Uietnsehei to the end that the people 
tntring into fuTis should seize upon them and spare themselves : toe 
had Tiberius Sfjanue, ^ero TigUUusy Dionyte the younger Phyliate : 
and of late Henry Kinjj of Sueden George Presciton, whom wee 
read to have been given as a prey to tlie furious people and Jy them 
to have been rent and torn in pieces. Sodtn de Reptib. edit. Ang. 
Lond. 1606, Z. 2, c. 6,;>. 226. 

Antonius Caracallo the Emperor, to please the people put to 
death all the jlatterert who had be/ore induced him to Itill his brot/ier: 
neither did Caligula in better sort itse his Clauibackes : paff, eadttn. 
An excellent discourse against those Senators who have asuisted great 
Prints in their tyranny out of ambition or avarice. Traj. Soccalini 
Cent. 2da Advert. Ixi pay. 272. [The last three entries are in 
Lord Prcaton'B writing.] 

Astutia politiea. 1 

Homines per honores feriendi et evertendi artifex LeicestriuB 
vide de Waltero Essexio. Camd. 264, Elizab. et de duce Norfolcio 
qui cjiu insidiis ad nuptiaa cum MariA Scot& mducto; vide et 
eundem, p. 475. Sic alter Gesexius iisdem dolis periit, Camd. 
vol. 2, !76. 

Such art us'd the Btepdam of Plangus excellently act out by 
Sidney; I. 2. 356. 

Randolphus Walsinghamo per literas monet ut ille Secietarii, 
ipse legati tcchnis jam tandem valediceret, et pcenilendo divlDsm 
misericordiam implorarent. Camden, vol.2, p. 27; ipai tamen in 
repub. viri integri, et religionis studiosi habiti, quo quis ediscat 
quanto conscientise cum tumultu res politiea tractetur. 

The wicked policies of divers deputies and governoura in Ireland. 
See Spenser, dialogue of Ireland. 

Fides promissorum lubrica. Promissorum fidem a principlbus 
exigendam, quntcnus earn pTEcstnri iis cxpedil. Ita Scotise regens 
protestantiumlegatisrespodit. TJiuanuJi, hist. I. 21, p 647 [xxvii.]: 
cujuB dicti sero eam ptenituit, p 649. Imperii ar ici arcana, et 



S A COMMOKPLACE BOOK 

lubricam fidem popalo datain expresee declarant iUie Utene moni- 
torijc lid CoUoJUTn misss paul<j ante Lanienam Parisiensem qnibus 
fi paruisBet non ita nuserabili occisionc cum suis peiiisset. vide 
Thtaii. hist. 1. 52. statim ab initio, p. 805, 806. 
(aj. J) JJac ett priidentia leculi tstius, quam politicam appellant: tUU« 
quadpulanl, non dubilant hctteulo praferre ; quod utile Jmlieantj tucet- 
tarium tt»e ttataanl, quod necessarium, Ikere : Rivet, in Exod. cap. I . 

189 De le^Uitu earum dispenaattoiiil'us et iiidulgenliie. 

DiepensationeB in legibus hutnanis admittnntur propter legislatoriB 
imperfectionem qui non satis providit omnia: proinde in lejribua 
dei non babent locum cui nihil occultum; Jtaque dispensationes 
non poasunt esse indulgentiEe ad peccatum sed honestissimis e causis 
natn ipste proinde honestis; alioquin indignm prorsus qiue a deo 
concedercntur ; vide Condi Trident, qutc ab Joanne Verduno Bolide 
■unt disputata, p. 658, 1. 7, edit. Lond.: adjungit diapensaUonem 
non esBC aliud quam legia interpretatlonem. [xxviij.] 

Contra Legea. 1 re di Spagna severamente hanno prohibito 

chc a le Indie non poeaino paesar avocati e procuratori. Soecalini 
raggual. di Parnaa. raggual. 79: lo atuiiio delle leggi per editto 
asaai noto non easendo tenuto per arte Hberale, ma raestiere, ed arte 
veraincnte mechunica, nel mondo introdotta per affl'tgere il genere 
humano, etc. ; ibid. : vide et liaggual. 72. 

Vide ei vitam Petrachaj a ThoiJiasino Paduano scriptam, ubi 
Petracha juvenia legum studium averratiir 

Ne occorrcrebbono tanti intcrpreti, nc tanii legulei die atidaasero 
con istiracchiamenti, or qua or lii, torceado la spada delta giustizia 
gia divenuta di piombo achicherando tutto il gioruo le carte con 
tratlati e consigli e Ictturc, e malanni, chc hanno appestata ITtalia 
in guiaa che vogHonvi i magazzini di libri, e non vi re^ta piu capo 
e via di cosa alcuna, truovandoal in qual ei voglia caso mille dottrine, 
mille pareri, mille decisioni, luna contrariu alt' altra fiitte per inter- 
L-Bse d'amicizie o di roba, o d'honore, e tirate per forza di sottigliezzc 
d'ingogno, c d'astutie. Penaieri di Taanonf, 1. 7, quest 8. 



OF JOHN ailLTON. 



37 



Scrive di piu nnchV-gU, che, huggidi pure in Buvo citta dell' 
Apulia, i dottoi'i di leggi non possono eatrar in consiglio, ne havere 
ulGci public!. E. in Norcia terra dello stato Ecclesiaatico quando 
e'entra in consigUo si grida ftiori i letlerati; c i efSci {ufEci?) non 
b! danno ne a Dottori, ne a letterati; c con tutto clo quella terra 
Qelle passate calamiloBe penurie che aSisscro Italia si govern6 tanto 
prudcntainentt: the negli abitatori di essa ne alcuna delle ville di 
quel distretto seiitironu gli incommodi di uosi generale eetrcmitit. 
E. lAlio Gregorio Giraldo in quel buo discorso che fcce contra le 
letteie, scrive clic i Yelitresi fecero una volta iino statuto die 
letterato alcuno nella citta loro non potCBse havere ufficio. II 
che secondo un aluo scritlore decrelarono Bimilmente una volta 
i Luceheei contra i dottori di legge. ToMoni, ibid, 

Natural Equity in all canes cannot in any Law be comprited, but 
W ofi times to be leaft to the religious arhilremenl of men e.rpert in 
matters of Slate. Boditi Edit. Any. Loud. L. 2, c. 5, pay. 226. 
[Lord Preston's writing.] 

Lib^rtas. 

Xon cEt ut urbs ainore libcrtatis ductu quamvis prefficlara Facinora 
medltcturi earn tamen omifisam recuperet; ut Crcscentio Nomen- 
tano antiquam Komanse reipub. fonnam reducere conanti male 
BucceBsit. Cuspin. Otto, 3; lit et poatea Nicolao Rentio qui 
tribunuB picb. vocaii gestiit. 

Quid juriaconsuiti de libertate et servitule statuant, vide Justi- 
uian, 1. 1, Insliiut. tit. 3. 

Libertati favct jus civile: vide Justinian. InEtitut. lib. 1, tit. 6, 
§ 2. de servo institute hmrede sine libertate, et § 5, causa manu- 
iniBsionia semel probata non retractctur: ct vide ibid. I. 2, tit. 7, 

Tyranni armoruin studium in populo extinguere conantui*. I re 
passati temendo del impeto de popoli havevano atteso a disarmargli 
et alicnargli da^di csscrcitii militari, etc. Guicciard, 1. 2, tcibo la 
fine. 



A ilui i»|/in(lii /|irriv*ri/lii turn a rrnfjorilnin tut legibtui humanis, ut 
uut^ulmt i^iiUitn UnmnHHM tfitiriyr noWiVm tpud Prudentium: — absit 
Ml* ffiM iitt\tiUtm MM^Mid imrttnium frmnUii ftut Icx'curise, &c. Et 
iliiiiMlfi flifi imriifiiin itMus hU otn <!iitpimut. cui quisquis senrit, ille 
ViiiM iml. Moliilii, I'niihnii |Niri«Utph: Komani Martyris suppUciam. 

OanhM PloriffitiniJii optimo tmctat do verft nobilitate, canion 4. 

Hum i'humwr wH'u u( Itatl/ii tale, fol. 36, and Romant of the 
UiiKo, (ill. IIH. 

AimI dur MngllHli hitrnld Ouilliin^ though his office conrist cheifly 
alumt iUidur diKiiUy and gentry by birth, yot confesses speaking of 
thinHs whom) ilmt HUiuintiirs wore raised for thire worth, that if they 
YHUl of (hiiH) linage (»r titular dignity and want thire Tertuco, thcj 
aiv bvit like bane serving n\eu who carry on thire sleeTs the tmige of 
some noble ianuly» yet are theinselvea but ignoble persons* p. 41CL 

UukeSt ( 'ounts, Mau)uisc«» <.^c. were not hereditary at fiesta V«l 
vudy places of giwerninent and office in the time of Ckuies dbe 
great, (rmin/. Hist. Ktiftm^e^ I. S« p^ lt>3; I. $^ $l<$. *i 



and so contiuuM with<.Hkl much diileretKe between jenc^emeii anii 
nobles till the time of Charlee the Simple^ abouc the year K«k\ 
when this cvn*ruptiv>u ^tor so the hi^^riaa catla i^ thouicQ himseQ: a 
trench k»i>i> tov.>k beginnings And reeeav*d accompti^shtneafi aAeiN 
ward in the tiuK*^ of Hugh Capet.. ',>ftr««>i\ Hist. Fnuice*. !» 'iL ^ 
^I(>: taking example t'rem Si^ u:»urpad\ra,. they iMoe :hei 
iH»prietarie« ol' thvHj^ cv>unci«i:s^ uixi iuked%/m«:9$^ wiiicb tbey laai 
odice^ uv>( inheriumce^^ tuein. I. ^% ^5:f>^» IW* exi>»|>i :xx!es« 
>%»iv 'iM£Ui>iI *ci>i5* ab^ >s* N'>nti«iauy, r^ciaK> ytaitcfers 



i.:,. 



U 



A\ 



ii 



OK JOHN MILTON. 



Hex. 

De regibus Britannia inquit Gildas, ungebantur regea non per 
deum. p. 119: contr^ quam nunc valgus existimat quoscunque 
Bcilicet reges dei unctos esse, [xxx.] 

St tn principatu politico aliqua est eertitiis, moffis proprie tervus 
ett qui praeat quam qui subest: Auffuat. de Cii-it. Dei- lib. 19, 
cap. 14. 

Lenity of tovtraiffne princes towanU thote of their owve blood 
offending them, and soe in their danger or otherwise their honourable 
prisoners unto themselves, both commendable and profitable. Example* 
of it. Bodin edit. Atig. Land. I. 2, c. 5, p. 229. [Lord Preston's 
writing.] 

' Succettio. Come dipoi ei conancio a fare il principe per auccea- 
sione e non per elettione eubito cominciarono gli heredi a degenerare 
da i loro anlichi, e lasciando Vopere virtuose petuarono c/ie i prendpi 
non havessero a fare altro che euperare gli altri di sonluoeita, e di 
lascivia e d'ogni alira qualith deliliosa. Machiavell. disoore. I. ],c. 2. 

Si vedrh ancora per la lettione delV hisCoria romana come si puo 
ordinare un regno buono : perche tutti gli imperadori ehe suecederono 
aW imperio per heredith, eccetto Tito, furono catlici; quelli cfie per 
adoltione, furono tutti buoni : come furono quei cinque da Nerva a 
.Marco. Machiavell. discora. I. 1, e. 10. 

What Calvin sags of Magistrates apointed for the defence of the 
people and to restrains the inaolende of Kings, as were the Ephori in 
Lacedemonia, the Tribunes in Mome, and the Demarcka in Athena, 
t/uit they ought to resist and impeach their lieentiousnease and cruelty, 
is not at all applicable to a right tnonarchy where the life and honour 
of the Prince ought to be sacred; for hee apeakea of Aristocratiq and 
popular Estates. Bodin de Bepub.edit. Ang. Lond. 16U6, L 2, c.S, 
p. 224. 

Martin Luther declared to the Protestant Piincea in Gertnany that 

• Thi* entiy U fJw in p. 193 of tb« MS. but ia there cancelled. 



(20. S) 
(21. *J 



4U A COMM()NPI.ACE BOOK 

it was not law/ull /or them to taire up armes aguiiist Cluirles t!ie S'*" 
Ji^mp. pag. 225. 

Tlie keeping of great Princes prisoners dangerous, p. 229. 
Examples of it. 

In Regs qui rede regit necessaria sunt duo kec, arma videlicet et 
Leges quibua utrutnque tempushellorum et pacts recte possitgubemari: 
utrumgue enim ittorum alterius indiget auxilio qv.o tarn res militaris 
possit esse in tuto qukin ipsa leges usu armorum et prasidio possint 
esse sercata, etc. Braclon. 13). 1 de Consuelud. et tegg. Ang. cap. 1. 
[The laat four entries are in Lord Preston'e writing.] 

' J}e religione qualenus ad Rempub, spectat. 

Latidatiseimos omnium inter mortales, eos esse qui vera Religione 
hominum mentes imbuunt immo iis eliam laudatiores qui Kumanis 
legilus Regna et Respid>. quamvia egregie fundarunt. Machiavet. 
discors. I, I, c. 10. 

Ecelesiastici et politici regiminis canfusionem {cum scilicet magis- 
tratus minittrum Ecctesia tninister Ecclesia magistraium agit) et 
religiofii et reipublica pariter esse perniciosam, ostendit Dante* 
Poeta Iletruscria in Purgatorio. Cant, Iti. 
Soleva Roma cheH bon mondofeo 
Due soli haver; eke Vuna et Caltra strada 
Facean vedere et del mondo et di Deo 
L'un Valtro ha spento ; et e giunta la spada 
Col pastorale ; et l'un el Valtro interne 
Per vivaforza mal convien the vada : 
Perti che giunti Vun Valtro non teme, 

Et paulo post 
Di hoggimai die la Chiisa dt Roma 
Per eonfonder in se due reggimenti 
Cade tielfango ; et se hrutta et la soma. 
Opinionea hominum de Kcligione, opcrterc in Repub. vel suit 
lionia principibua liberaa eese: quos duiii limdat Mackiavellus, inter 
cffitcra bona iiiquit, videbis sub lis teinpoiii aurea, dove ciascuno 



40 



it 



Ex<M 



utrtM 
possi 
esse ^ 
[Tho 

197 

homin 
legihui 
discord 
(2.-.) Ecc 
fratiiS 
religion 
Poeta . 



Opinic 
bonis pri 
oaetera b« 



(IF JOHN HIt.TON. 



41 



pait b^nerc et (liffnderc qiiplUi opin'ione clie vuole. fiiscrs. I. 1, 
c. 10. 

Ma/iometan Religion nothing hut policg. Boccaliiii Ci'iit. 2, Aiiv. 
68, pag. 2S(). [Lord Preston's writing.] 

Variut Reipub. Status. 

Afacfaaveltug iongi prafert Morttirchwe statum popularetn, adifurtia 
ratwnihut haud innritis, toto capUe AS, I. I, dUcort. — ei I. 3, c, 34; 
tihi diaseril minus errare rempiib. qtiam jrrincipem in eligendtt magia- 
iratSmt ejiin aut miniatrit. 

ftedueere rempub. ad ipsam g\ihemandi originem vet bonas Ugea 
ftrendo vel magUlratus in ordinem rfidigendo vet summam rerum ad 
aTintrium popiUi recocando sape prode*t : vide Maehiavel. discors. 
I, 3, r. ] ; id/i ait eatulierrimitm id ei»e reipub, qiiemadiuodian corpori 
miato, etc. 

Ggneecoeraliiim reprefiendil longa oratione ac rejecit Jacohut 
Kennedua Arehifpi»ropua Sancfie Atidrete, Burhanan Ilial. iS** 
Soct. L. 12, p. 403," Edit. Edinburg. 

Monar cilia. 

Monarchy i» a kind of Commonweale wherein tlie eoveraigne power 

lyetk in one onely prince. Here ia a aoveraigne who commandefh all 

othera, and. himaelfe can bee commanded of none. Bodin. I. 2, c. 2, 

Edit. Angloit, Londini 1606. 

Hard for 2 princea to maintaine equal aovereigntg together. 
Kramplea of thia. Vid. Bodin. p. i<8. Romulua el Taliiia, M. 
Aitreliug et Elius Verua made aoveraign* by Anlonitnm Piu». 
Nulla fidea Regni aociia omniaque poteetaa 
hnpaliena contortit erit. — Lvcan Phartal. lib. 
A Triavrhie in a aoveraignlie may bee firme but a Duaney not tot. 
Idem. 

Thia tJte reason of llie diriaiofi of the Roman Empire into East 
and Weat. E.f eodem. See ot/ter e.rample» o/thig,/ol. 198. 
' Milton hu mbUttniad i(S fnr IA1. 
CAMD. 80C. O 



Vide 
Inilicvni ' 



Ant. 1H,J 



d 



42 A COMUONFLACK BOOK 

ExatnjdeK of sovereigne princes Tnarrying sovereigne Quemt, p. 199. 

An example of ike good government of a state br/ a Triarchy, taken 
from Pompey Cffsar and Cragsue, p. 199, T/ie like happened after 
the death of Cesar in the Triumvirate of AvgustvB M. Anioninvg 
and Lepidua. 

It is not a monarchy where the sorereigniy is m 2 mens powers^ 
neither can any government consist in that stale iftheyfal at variance 
hetvdxt themaelvea. Idem. 

A so'-erayne is either Lord of all, or a King, or a Tyrant, vid. 
plura ea p. 

In a royal Monarchy the srtbjecls obey the laws of a Monarch, and 
the Monarch the Laws of nature, their sublets engaging their natural 
libertie and proprietie of their goods. 

Tlie lordly monarchy is that where the Prince i» become Lord of 
the goods and persons of his stilijecls by law of arms and lawful! 
warre, governs as the masier of a family doth his slaves. The 
7]/rannical monarchy is where the prince, contemning the law of 
nature and of nations, injuriowly abuses tlie persons of his freebome 
subjects and their goods as his own : tlie same difference is found in 
the Aristocratiq and popular estates, p. 200. 

The Lordly Monarch first amongst men. In Assyria under the 
power of Nimrod called a great Hunter, an Hebraisnte for a great 
Thief Idem. 

Before his time icas noe sorerdgne. 

The Huns coming from th£ furthest parts of Scythia brought the 
Ijordly aoveraignly of Monarchy ifito Europe, p. 202, vide: original 
of Seignuries ea. p. 

A Lordly Monarchy proved noe Tyranny, p. 203. 

Secundum JJ. Geniinm no« vero naturam. 

Hoc apparel ex ej:emplo Jacobi Patriarche ; vid. etiam pag. 204. 
Notam hanc P. et /tone. 

Videsis the definition of a Loyal Monarq cap. 3, p. 204. 

Plinie junior addresses Trajan the Emperor thus. Principis 
udem obtines ne sit domino locuty p. ead. De eis plura, ead. pag. 



( 




OP JOHN MILTON. 

2%« true mark of a Royal Monarch, pag. 205. 

AriHoile't dejinition of a King dangeroug, peg- 2 

ArUtotlei opinion impugned that they are barbarou* pet^U xchott 
Kings come hy eiuxetnon whilst at the tame time Alexander tnu a 
King hy tucceseton deriving himself from Hercules. The Lace- 
deinoniane alltoe from the stock of tJte Heraclidts and others S(C. 
pag. 200. 

From the Asiatiqs, Persians, and Egjfptians all ancient leamituf 
derived, />. 206. 

Five sorts of Kings reckon d up hy Aritlolle pag. 206. 

The power of Lacedemonian Kings described pag. 207. 

Tfie difference of Monarelu not to bee gathered by t/unr means of 
coming to the State, but by their means of governing tfie State, pag. ead. 

Of the Roman Dictators p, ead. 

Anligotiut the first of the successors of Alexander the Great who 
ttiled himeelfe King, p. 208. 

Dangerous to soveraignes to caute their sons, whilst they themselves 
yet live, to bee crowned Kings with them except in elective kingdomes. 
Kxamplea of it p. 209. 

Dangerous alUoe to the people least their right of electing should 
toe paste into the form of succession pag. 210. [The whole of p. 
199 is in Lord Preston'a writing.] 

Tyrannue. S 

Tyrant. This icord derived from the Greekei was of the propriety 
tiiereof hottourahle, and in aundent lime signified no other thing then 
a Prince ttho without the consent of the people had hy force or fraud 
possessed himselfe of the Stale ; and of a Companion made himself 
tkire master whom they calUd a Tyrant although he were a right wise 
andjust Prince. Bodin. I. 2" de Repub. edit. Ang. Lond, Ao. 1606, 
page 210, cap. 4°. 

The best King detcrified p. 211. 

The greatest difference betwixt a King and a Tyrant given, page 
212. 



44 



V COMWONPi.ACK BOOK 



Ti/ranU daine hij fffemmate and teeukt persoiie und ntver mj'e, 

Qui plura de Tyrannis videre velil coneulat vitat Timoleonts el 
Arati a PltUarcho conscriptas. 

Tyrantt allways infamous and detested. Tormented with feare oj 
future infamie. Therefore Nero tcithed tfiat when hee dyed nay 
whiUt /lee lived all t/ie world might bee consutited with Jire. For t/ie 
cause Demetrius Polyorcetei to gratify the Alheniant undertooke a 
warre for the defence of their Liberties that hee might hee honoured 
by llieir writings after his death. Several examples of Tyrants, 
p. 214, 

Tyrants oftentimes hasten their owns death. Examples of this 
pay. eadem. 

The happy Estate of a Royal Prince, 2 lo. 

Seipio AJ'ricanus worthUy praysed : edd. pag. 

Alexander King of the Bactrians worthily lord of his eubjecls : 
pay. edd. 

Plmie in his panegyrical oration of Trajan the Emperour con- 
eludetk his period thus : That nothing greater or better could be 
wished far to t/ie Commonweale l/ien that the immortal Gods would 
imitate tite Life of Trajan. This excessive prayse lliough it savours 
of impielie yet proceedeth from the zeale of a most famous man 
towuT^ his most excellent prince. At his going out and coming in 
aU Temples were filled for his wellcome, and hee himselfe used to 
pray and covenant with the Gods thtt they should teep and preserve 
him if they saw it to bee for the good of tlte CommonweaU. pay. 
edd. 

Agesilaus King of Sparta was fined by the Ephorifor having alone 
robbed the hearts and gained the love of all tlie Citisens to him. pag. 
edd. 

Aristides sumamed the Just, p. ead. 

Plialaris, Busirts, Nero, and Caligula, horrid tyrants, p. edd, 

Necessary severity not to be accounted Tyrannie in a Sovera^ne 
Prince, bnt to be much commended in him, p. 1 16 : This position is 




OF JOHN MILTON. 

illutlraUd by tlu example of Voamo de Medici 
upon him the Dukedom of Florence, p. eiki. 

Seceritie in a Prince more wholesome for a Conimomeeale than 
lenity, Domitian an ej-ample of thii. Nerva hit succetior an 
example of Lenity. Cicero callelh the Licentioua libertie of the furiuun 
people mear Tyrannie, pag. ead. 

Divers catueg inducing Princef to Tyrannie, pag. 217. 

That a crafiie and subtle man w a good King proved : pag. edd. 
The examples of this, Charles tlie Simple, or Charles doe nothing, 
of France, and the contrary effects of Francis the \sl hit gocernement, 
p. edd. The lenity aud immoderate bwmty of Henry the %d tnott 
hurtfuU to France : pag. ead. 

Pertinax his hottntt/, and Heliogabalut his youthfuUneue alt most 
rained tlie Roman Empire, p. S 

TTte Emperours Seeerus of Afrike and Alexander Sevenis of Syria 
by severity reestablish'd the same, p. edd. 

Charles King of Navarre the most wicked King of his lime, p. 
eAd. 

Murthers even of evil and Tyrannical princes not to be revarded 
but severely punished, p. 226.* 

Sevems the Emperor put tv death all the mtirlhcrera of Pertina-v 
( ConsuU IJerotlaniuni). 

Vitelliiis did eoe alsoe with the umrtherers of Oalba: vid. alia 
exempla, p. edd. [ TTte whole of p. 200 w in Lord Preston's tmling,^ 



Monurchia, 

Vid. Boccalini, Cent. 2** Adverti^u' the 6', pag. 176. Excellent 
rules for monarehs, pag. 181. [Lord Preeton'B writing.] 

Athens. 

Hee who doubteth whither there bee a God or not m not to 

be compelled with arguments but with severe jtunis/anenls to bee 

■ A muUke in Ihe priut fur 3SS, 



46 A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

chastised Boditi, Edit. A tiff. I. 2, c. 2, de Repub.p. 224. [Lord 
Preston's writing.] 

20S De Aristocratia. 

VicL Trajano Boecalini Advertisemf* Jrom Pamcusus, Cent 2^ 
AJi\ 6**^). 176. [Lord Preston's writing.] 

204 Judex et Judicium, 

Criminatio et mis^cordia et Ira et hujasmodi animi perturbationee 

non de re sunt sed ati Judicem. Quod ei in omnibus Judiciis 

evenirety quemadmodum in nounuUis etiam nunc evenit eimtaiibuSy 

maxime vera in iis quce bene sunt institutCBj nihil haberent quod 

dicerenU Omnes enim partim arbitrantur sic leffcs carere: partim 

hoc ifistitutwn retinent et prohibent extra rem dieere ; ut etiam. m 

ihm, 2** AreopaffOy recte sic statuettes. Son enim oportet Judicem perverterCy 

P^risiU ^^ If^m excitandoy vel invidiam j vel misericordiam ; quia id simile 

1629, ffi ac si quis qua usurus est rcffuh eam reddat i^ercersam. AristaL 

I, 1, Art. Bhet, cap, V. 

Vide que Judici in Judicio sunt relinquenda. Eod. cap. 513. 
[This page is Lord Preston's writing.] 

805 J}nnocraiia. 

BoccalinL Cent. 2^ J Jr. 6** paff. 176. [Lord Preston's writing.] 

2S0 Census tt IVc^iVmA 

Foderum, painiu* et mansionaticuui tribut;i enmt a Cmiolo magno 
Italis impoeita quibus ille jus suum in eot? quoddam significari 
voloit. Vide «Sft(K>ii. reg. ItahL 7« 175 p.: hinc fortaase r^bua 
Anglise quaecumque per loca iter facientibus tribuium ejusraodi 
soMtur. [Small writing] 

Fifteens and subsidies what thev aix\ See laviJ^fn Eliab. 
p. 80. 

The cruel tribute ex;icted bv IlAriiikuut to W ^txvn to his ship> 
men ^in*- :i'pcAk$ o:: and hiioiui \\«* An*w\ wble. ^'^vxi/ Sft», W. 



OF JOHN MILTON. 47 

(In niEirgiQ — the exaction of Hardiknute waa thought to be diviaed 
by Godwin nn purpose to bring him in hatred with the people.) 
Read also the storie how K Ed. Confeaaor saw the devill dauncing 
on the heap of monie exacted from hia subjects, whereon he sent all 
back to the owners, Sto. p. 95. Against unjust exactions with 
intent to cnrii;h the K's coffers Canutu3 the dane inveighs. Spfed 
in his life, [xxxii.] 

And Harold barefoot by exacting ship monie loet his subjects 
love. Speed in his life. 

Peeter pence ordain'd to be given to the Pope by Inas the west- Hollnrfied, 
saxon the ignominious price of our damnation, vide Lfgea, Bn[d] ■ '" ■ 
disanull'd by the noble Edward 3. Slow, an. 39. but after by 
others permitted. I/ollnsh. p. :197 till Hen. 8. 

King John lost his subjects love by taxing and powling them: 
Holinrh. p. 161, and the Black Prince lost the love and obedience 
of his subjects in Guien by raisinir fuagf. Holinnh. p. 400, &c. 
Hich. 2 a farmer of bis kingdom. HoUn. 496. 

Promootcrs and exacters worthyly punlfbt in beginning Hen. 8. 
an. I. Sto.; a good course also taken by Hen. 3" to the same 
effect, wherby punishing those that bad bin fraudulent under him 
in his offices by 6ncs and accounts taken of them he spar'd bis 
honest subjects of a subsidie, Holinnh. p. 215: See aUo the mode- 
rations of Elizab. Ound. p. 107 et vol. 2, p. 21. 

Commissions out of Parliament devis'd by Wolsey demanding 
the aixt of every mans goods. Holinsh. p. 891, without the know- 
lege of the K., which caus'd divers commotions, the which the K. 
knowing the cause thereof instantly pardon 'd, utterly disavowing 
the unlawfiill oppression of his commons. 

Tributum a meretricibus corradi solitum, quod Chrysargunim 
vocabatur, prseclaro consilio ot commento sustulit Anaatosius imp., 
ut fu&e narrat Evagrtue, 1 3, Hist. Eecl. c. 39. [Small writing.] 

That no King or prince hath power to raise a penny on his 
subjects without their consent, Cominea a great statesman and 



48 A COMMONI'LACK BOOK 

courtier affirms, and answers the common objections tliat the cause 
may be suddain and secret. Memoirea, 5. I. p. 403, &c. 

Subsidies granted with condition not to be spent at the pleasure 
of the prince, but by order and appointment of certain L'ds 
appointed by the Parlament by them to be receav'd and kept- 
Rich 2. HoUnsL 452. (and in other page") which also K. James 
of his own accord oflfer'd to the parlament in thire aids to be 
gathei'd for recovery of the palatinat. CHesne, Hist. D'Anglo, 
p. 1178, 1179. 

Quodvis mare non liberum solitos enim eitftyjfietaOai imperatores 
Constantini urbis a navibiis per fauces Ponti praJtcreuntlbus testatur 
Gregoras N!cej}horue, 1. 5, c. 3. [Small writing.] 

What the revenewa of the custom house were to Q. Eiis., bcc 
Camd. Eliz. vol. 2, p. 21. Vide Rex. Anglic, 186. 

Moderation in exactions, or subidies gains more then rigor, seen 
in the Londoners forwardnes. Sto. Eliz. in 88, and by the sub- 
sidies granted, Camden, p. 55, vol. 2. et 56. 

Populua bene nummatus quietior; interest ergo regis Ut ne popu- 
lum exactionibus ad paupertatem rcdigat quandoquidcm inoptse 81 
qua rea alia Anglos in rebelUonem pnecipitat; ut ait, inter alios. 
Camden, Eliz. vol. 2, p. 224. 

321 Raptna, eeu extorsio pub. fide Papa 42 in /ndice altera." 

William Rufus an extreme powler of his subjects, insomuch 
that he durst compell certain converted Jews to forsake the faith 
of Christ beeing brib'd to that purpose by other Jews with a 
Bumme of inony: but see the wise and godly answere of a con- 
verted Jew to him wherwith he was cunfounded. IJolinah. p, 27. 
King Ri. 1. to maintain his wnrrs unholilie in the holy land, p. 1 19, 
120, and p. 143, 144. other devises, p. 145: after his coming home, 
beside that of the scale lost with praetcnce of necessity to scale 

* Tbwe words are in the margin. 

^ Tbii c^euiy refers to anntlier Coniinonplnre Book. 



OP JOHN MILTON. 



49 



again : this device of a new scale to bring in new fees ; Hen. 3" also 
practis'd a trick more befitting a cheater tlien a K. for which he Bflimh. 
is boliUy reprov'd of his nobles, p. 240. feins also a fcare of warr ^" ' 
in Gascoigne from the Casliliana, 249. and through his whole 
rcigne an improvident spender and sbanilesse exactor, 25Z. anotlier 
shift, 251, 253. 

Richard 2 a continual poller, see 185 of this table, also Bolimh. 
496. Henry the 7th not free of this fault in his latter days: IloUnth. 
791, by Empaton and Dudly, p. 794. Hia policie by show of 
warrs to raise monie. Henry the 8 lesse louch't with this fault -^pf't, T13 
then his pnedece^sora, disclaiming like s noble printrc the exactions 
devis'd by Wolsey without his privity. Holinsh, p. 892. 

Einston and Dudly, sec Speed, p. 762, thire deaths, Speed, 
766. 

Hen. 3. A catalogue of the auppty's, exactions, and wastinga of 
Hen. 3. Speed, p. 537. ending in a most beggerly humor of 
inviting himaclf to Tcitat on others cost, where to bis diet he must 
be presented and hie queen and son with guifla, if they would 
please him. Speed, p. 540. 

By a noble ladie, Countess of Arundel, gravely reprov'd. Speed, 
p. 542. 

Hen. 7 making of intendments for just and necessary warrs, and 
thereupon demaunding and obtaining great summs of his subjects, 
with a small parts tberof Horish't over a seeming pncparation, and 
the remainder therof (peace insewing which be always foreknew Sjuvd, p. 
how to bring about) was clearly his own without account, an un- 
kinglik paltering wch ebould be provided against in such cases by 
parlament. 

Commotions for these reasons want not a stout captain, as a 
plebeian wittily answer'd the duke of Norfolk (aent agoinst the 
commons in Suffolk and asking that who was thire captain) that 
Poverty was thire captain with hia cozin Xecesaity. IloUn. p. 891. 
Hen. 8. 



CAMD. SOC. 



A COHMClNPLACE BOOK 



B Pestilentia. 

Pestilent: divmittiB immissa tcmporibus Justiniani, in qu& ir 
qufeclam dsmonum forms in obvtos quo^que grassantlum appare- 
bant, qui ctiam per somnum nonnullis diterent ae quoque esse 
eorum in numero qui eseent morituri hat; peate. Procop: per^c: 
I. 2, [Small writing.] 

3 Gymnastka. 

GioBtro et lomeameno — Ludi equestres a latinis invent! quorum 
legea et niorem desuribit Niceph. Gregoras. 1. 10, c. irepi ycvfaeat 
To5 ySoCTiXew? iaydi/vov rav piov. eos ludos Sabaudi nobiles primum 
Graecos docuerunt, ut testatur Cantaai:enus, 1. 1, c. 42. 

Damnantur ab Innocentio Pontifice, Sig<m : 1. 1 1 . de regn. Ital : 
273. et ab Eugcnio. p, 283. [All small wriilng.] 

1 Speciacula. 

Tertutlianus, in eo libro quern de spectaculis inscripsit, damnat 
eorum usum, et ChriatianlH occludit, nee vero tantum argumenUS 
sgit (quae solos ethnicos ludoa convellunt] uc cauti et prudentia 
Christian! antmum religione obstringere debuerit, quo minus poema 
aliquod dramaticum a poetfi, non imperito concinnatum spectare 
auHit; illud tamcn optime facit in epilogo libri ut mentem Christiani 
ad meliora h. e. divina et celeatia speciacula (qua; tot et tanta homo 
ChriBtianus aninio pnecipere protest de adventu Christi, de fiiluro 
judicio, densis coloribua contortia incitaverit. eundcm prorsus lapideni 
Tolvit Cypriamts seu quia aliua libro eadem de re compoeito torn, 3. 
Et Laclantius, 1. 6, c. 20 arguraentis nibilo firmioribua rem scenicsm 
oniveream in vitio ponit; nee serael quidem cogitasse vidctur, oor- 
ruptclas quidem theatricas werito tolli debcre, omnem autem idcirco 
rcrum dramaticanim tisum penitua abolcri nibil neccsse esse, immo 
potiuH nimis insulsum eaaet; quid enim in tot^ philoaophia aut 
graviua aut aanctiua aut aublimiua tragaedia rectg constitutii; quid 
utilius ad humans vitse casua et converaiones uno intuitu spectandos? 



OF JOHN MILTON. 51 

idem etiam capite sequcnti totam artem musicam videtiir e medio 
Biiblatam vcllc. 

De digcipUnS militari. * 

Rea nautica. Edgar's noble custome to defend tlie roast with 
his yearly oavie. [xxxiii.] K. Ed. the 3. commandment fot the 
exercise of arms in every shire. Stow, Ed. 3, an. reg. 17. 

Q. Elizabeth's excellent care to furnish her fleet with implements 
out [of] her own country, Camd. 70, 

Si magistratus duci exercitus eruptionem, aut pugnam certo cum 
periculo omnium imperabit, videtur ex oflBcio imperatorio ease 
scntentiam suam explicare, ein magtatrntus belli cxpers obstinatius 
instabit, non tamen impcrator honorificum est suuni exercitum 
uniuB vel etiam populi ob inscitiam ct pertinaclam perdere; oxcniplui>i 
vide in Malatcsta qui dictatori Florentino pemiciosa suadcnti parero 
noluit. Jovius, I 29, p. IVO, *c. 

Ju9ticeandabstainingfromspoileinthearmieofHen.fi. Ilolinsh. 
p. 652. And the benefit thcrof. ibid, et 560. 

Selymi milites etiam post victoriam adeo severia disciplinse 
legibus in officio permansere ut in fertilissimo autumno horti sine 
custodibus tuto relinquerentur. Jonus, I. 17, 359. 

Militum libidini obtemperare duces non debcre, qui ad verum 
militise decus adepirent, ct a just^ generosi animi probitate famam 
qntsrant, latrocinantiumque militum immanitatem abominentur; et 
reliqua; apud Jovium, 1. 12, quie Prosper Coluinna aii Bergoraum 
in Castris egregie concionatur. 

The vantgard due to the Kentish men by ancient custome. 
Speed in Harold, p. 416. 

Avaritia quantum in bello noceat. vide Avuritia. 

Quoniam populum universum in armis cxercerl ad seditionea et 
tumulus periculosum est, idcirco dclcctos quosdam fide et morlbusei 
per singulas provincias paucos privilegiis quibusdam militaribus °- 
ornatos ad arma tractanda instructos esse oportcre nionet Seiell. de ? 
repub. GalliE, 1. 2. " 




52 A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

The English standard: that of Harold was wrought with gold 
and precious stones in form of an armed man. Speed, p. 435, hist. 
Edward 3 at Cressy erected his standard of the dragons gules. 
Speed, p. 590. 

Of Castles whether profitable in England, see Holinshed de- 
scription of England, 2 book, c. 14. 

And of fortificationa in general. Che le fortezze generaJm^nte 
sino molto piu dannose che utili discorre MachiavelL discors, Z. 2, 
c. 24. [By the same hand as the Note from Macchiavelli, p. 195. 
See Autotype.] 

Quae regiones aut provincisB ad fines regni sitae sunt, iis non 
solum omnibus armorum usus et assidua exercitatio permittenda 
est sed ctiam praemiis et immunitatibus ad bellicas artes incitandi 
sunt: Sessel de repub. Galliae. 

The office of Knighthood Harding sets out in Arturs round 
table to use thire bodies to defend where law would not redresse. 
Cronicle in Arture. 

Provision for souldiers after the warrs to be consider'd. Spenser^ 
dialogue of Ireland from p. 84, &c. 
(13. 1&2) Meliuane ait inferre heUum an expectare hostem disputat Machia^ 

vellus discors, L 2, c. 12. 
Aut 196, Peditum rohur longe plus in hello valere quam equitum disserit 
^ ' Machiavellus Discor, I. 2, c. 18. 

248 I>e Bello. 

Not to be furnish't out by rapine and pilling the people, as 
that voiage of R. the first to the holie land most unholily set out 
with monie dishonorably and impiously got: see Holinsh, R. 1, 
p. 119, 120. 

Of holy warre as they call it. to fight with Turks, and Saracens, 
See Gowery 1. 4, fol. 61, 72. 

Militia mercenaria qu& quis mercede conductus cuilibet opem 
fert, damnatur a Zuinglio, Sleidan, lib. 3, p. 36 et 1. 4, 60, et a 
repub. Bernensi, Sleidan, 1. 6, p. 89. 



r 




or Jou?i uii.TON, 



Victoria non in viribua aut peritla militari eita est, scd ut, qui 
bellum suscipit, dcum propltium habeat. priecl.ne itaque Tngatius 
dux ad Valentein iinperatorem qui eiim dictJs inccsserat eo quod 
contra Gotlios missus cum cxercitu male pugnassct. ovk eyaf, 
inquit, u ffaaAev rjrtj/uu. tu autem victoriam prodidisti qui deo 
bellum infers: nam Arrianua eiat Yalens, Theodorit, hist. 1. 4, 
0. 29, vide et c. 30. 

Moderate and Chriatian demeanour after victory, see in Hen. 5 
after the winning of Harflew. 

Divitias etse belli nervot negat MaehiaveUu» ; ft vulgi ea de re (I3.I&2) 
opinionem refellii, diteorn. I. 2, c. 10. 

Non esse cujuavis reipub. fines imperii bcUo proferre aliasque 
gcntes in suam ditioncm redigere, immo periculosum eeae ni^i et 
ilia reipub. probe instituta sit, et illi novi imperii acquisitio rccic 
administretur, prudenter ostendit Mackiaveltua, discorsi 1. 2, c, 19. 
[Doubtful.] 

De Mlo Civili. 

The danger of cnlling in forraine aids, beaides the storie of the 
Saxons and Danes comming in, is evident by the purpose of Lewis 
reveal'd by the Count of Melun to the Barons of England. Holim/i. 
p. 1 93. also by his and his Frcnclimens carriage toward the English. 
JJoliHih.p. 197, 198. 

German! principes Cacsari fidem officiumque rennnciant religionis 
ergo quam ille evertere conatua est vide Sleidan, 1. 17, p. 2 
ic. [xxxiv,] 

Et Galli protestantes de sententift suorum ministronim, &c, vide 
Concil Trident, p. 408, Thuanus. hist, 1. 24, p. 732, et Jurisconsul- 
lorum ct Theologorum et Scoti ecclestse reformatorcs, Thuan. hist, 
i. 21, p. 647. 

Erat et Magdeburgic^ obsidionis tempore scriptua liber et in 
Gallic denuo editus an. 1574 multii rationibus et exemplis ampli- 
ficatus, in quo licere ostenditur subditis vim eliam a magistratibus 
extra leges illatam vi repellere. Thuan. hist. I. 67, p. 909. 



54 



\ COMMflNPT.ACE BOOK 



Bellum non religionis Musa cuiquam inferre ee Tyranni simulant. 
Bed in qiiosdam sub eo obtentu sibi rcbelloa, Carolua 5"" multaB 
protestantium civitates his insidJis decepit, atque ab arrais continuit. 
Hist Concil. Trident. 1. 2, p. 179. [xxxv.] 

lis qui religionis causa se armis defendant multi se aliis de causis 
lion optimis callide se adjungunt, Concil. Trident, p. 408. 



346 



De Faederatis 



Our league and union with the Scots a tiling most profitable, and 
naturall, ever by the Pope sought to be hinder'd. See AscaniS 
Toxophilua, 1. 1, p. 38. 

by the Cardinal of Scotland. Speed, p. 794. 

De fcedere cunn protestanti bus quibusvis non omnia speranda: 
SowhttTen. ut de illls rebus quie ad Franciscopolim tranavecta' sunt com- 
pertum est. Camden. Elizab. 82. et passim cum Anglis astute 
actum qui Henrico 4'" suppetias tulerunt, pcriculis maximis objecti, 
hue illuc raptati, vide ubi EssexiuB ad Rothomagum castra ponit, et 
' NorrisiuB in Eritanniii. Com. vol, 2, 49, 50. sed et prioribua 

cxpeditionibua videre est, ex quo rex ilie Anglorum aiixilia potiit, 
apud Camdm, et vol. 2, p. 61, 64, 65, 77, 89, 90. 

llollandi operam Anglis putchram navant, pontificiorum Hiapa- 
norum classc profligiitii quEe Anglorum ad res turbandas erat ab 
Albano instmota. Camden Eliz. p. 232, Arausionensis conailia 
Joannis Austriaci de invadendft Angliii delegit Eliziibethie, quic 
vix dum aliqutd de istfic re presenserot. Cam. Eiiz. 267. Vide et 
Camden p. 274, Elizab. 

Ed. 6 aids the protestants abroad. Hayteard. Ed. 6, p, 115. 
(13. 1) Che si possa fidere piu d'una Confederations lega fatta con una 

repuh. die di quella fatta con mi principe dimostra ifacckiarell. 
dUcort. I. 1, e. 59. 



vnril \h <l.)iiMfa1 



OF JOHN MILTON. 



De Seditione. Vide Idololatria ■ et Ecdesia • et hello civili. * 

Contra eos qui rem evangelicara per sedilionera et tumultum 
proinovere aggrediuntur, pulchrtj Luthevus apiid Sleidaii, p. 69, 
1.5. 

Contra omneia seditionem sanctissiiu^ et prudentiseim^ turn ad 
plebem turn ad magistratuin acribit Lutheius ubi causae pariter 
seditionU rectdant, illi patientcr expectando ct arbitris dilectis rem 
pacatS transigendo niagistratua opprimere expilare, divexare crude- 
liter populura tandem si desinat, Sleiilan, I. 5, p. 71, &c. 

Ciesar protestantium procercs an dcfendeDtes multia criminibua 
onerat, rebelHone scil., et magiatratus conteinplu, i&c. Sleidan, 
1. 17. 292, 293, &c. ut hodie fit. [xxxvi.] 

PopiUi lumuUua Ubertaiis recuperaridoe occasio stnpe fuit, ideoque 
nee reprekendendi, yuia juatita ob cautas H quartlai plasrujiqiis 
Jiunt. Utte Machiarello. lo dico eke coloro che dannono i tttmulti tra 
i tui/Ui ft la plebe, mi par ehe biamuitw quelle ease chefurono prima 
eagione di tenere libera Roma pereke buone leggi naecevano da qwt 
ttamiUi, 4'C- ■' diteore. l. \,c. 4. 



De urhe ohsidendd et olsessd. '. 

Quo modo HicarduB ErixiHrn undique oppugnatam defenderit 
paucis inilitibiis contra iluoa exercitus, vide Joi-imn, 1. 18, p. 349.'' 

Quo modo Veronum M. Antonius Columna adversua Galloa ut 
Venetos defenderit, vide Jocium lib. 18, 397, &c. 



T<f^ 



248 



Utrtim liceat h tyranno deficere. — Rinaldo Conte de Caaerta havendo (21. lo) 
Matifredi re di NapoH comesse aduUerio con la moijlia del Conte, 
mandi> a Roma at papa e al Re Carlo (TAngioiache vi furono inxi^me 



Che printed tolnme-, it ahonld be p. 31M. 




56 A COMSIONPLACE BOOK 

un 8U0 amico che proponesse avanti al Colleffio ti era lectio ad un 
vassallo, in ial caso riseniirai del smo re e mancargli di fede ; U che 
fu deciso e da cavaglierie e da leiteraii, che come il vatallo e tenuto 
spendere la vtta e'l eanque per lo re suOy coA a Vincontro il bv<m re 
e tenuto (Tosservare leama col vasmllo; e offendendolo in eoel atroce 
inguria e lecito al vmsallo mancargli difede; per che in tal caso U 
re perde il titulo di re e ti veste il notne di tiranno. Angela di 
Coslanzo. histor. di Napoli, I. i, p. \6. 

WhiUier it be law/nil to lay violent hands upon a Ti/rant, and 
after his death to disanul all his acts, decrees, and laws. Vid. Bodin. 
de rcpub. Edit. Ang. Land. A". 1606, cap. 5, lib. 2, page 218. 

A Tyrant defined, pag. edd. 

If a subject will invade or take upon the Stale of a King by any 
means whatsoever, bee hee good or bad, the lavs of God and man 
pronounce it lawfull to kill him, p. 219, 

The Valerian Law publish^ at the request of pub. Valernu 
Pvhlicola and which make it lawfull for any one lo kill a Tyrant^ 
and after the fact to bee tryed, and the Law of Solon which foriidt 
Ihe killing of a Tyrant idthoid form of Justice compared, pag. e&d. 

Whether a lawfull Prince tyrannizing may of his subjects Iv 
lawfully slaine or not. It is lawfull lo slay him who is not absolute 
soveraign, hut him who is it is nol, p. 212, 

A Prince tyrannizing may by another strange Prince be lawfully 
slaine, p. 220. Examples of this, Hercules, Moses, ^e. 

That it M not lawful for sufijects either by way of fact or justice 
to attempt anything against the honour life or dignity of their 
soveraigii Prince, hee [Ae] never so evil or wicked, proved p. 
eddem. 

Treason : the thongfUs of it punish'd with deaUt. Examples out 
of sacred aud profane story, p. 223. Examples of two French 
Gentlemen ; of Nabuclwdonosor^ and Saul, Jehu, 224. 

The Essei the most learned men amongst the Jews (their name 
imports the true ctecution of the law of God), t/ieir opinion of the 
aacrednesa of Soceraignfe, p. 224. 



OF JOUN MILTON. 



57 



Diogene9 the Cynujue, fm discourse to Dttmymus the younger, th^n 
tivinff in exile at Cortnlh; with the miserable coudiliott of Tyrant 
vshilti kee liveg, described, p. 22tj. 

Tfie policie of some Tyrant* to avert from themselves (he peoples 
rage exemplified in several persons, p. 226. 

If the Conspirators begin their fury at the person of the Tyrant, 
then his whole family is usually rootal out, p. edd. 

Cicero tptestions whetJier a good man ought to come into tlie Cou7teel 
of a Tyrant eonmlting even of good and pro/itahle matters; p. 227. 
The question solved, p. ead. 

T/mI not only the gooil acts and decrees of Tyrants but even their 
evil acts and decrees alsoe are oftentimes of necessity after their deaths 
to be retained in a Commonireale, p. 227. 

It it tJie opinio7i of Lawyers tliai the meeessors of Tyrants are 
bound to all their predecessors have Justly promised or done, hut not 
to the rest, p. ead, 

Constantine the Shipereror abrogated such things as Lyciniu* had 
unjustly decreed, hut confirmed tlie rest. TJie like was done by 
Theoflosiua the younger and Arcadius the Emperours after the de-ifh 
of the Tyrant Maarimus by tlieir hands. 

Qnee 7)/rannus contra jus reseripsit non valere prcecipimus: 
Uffitimis ejus rescrlptis non impugnandis. pag. eadem. [All in this 
page except the first entry is Lord Preston's writing.] 



De re nauticd et naufragiis. De liltoribus etiam et mari. ! 

Quid genus hoc hominum quidre hunc tarn harbara morem 
Permittit patria f fuapitio prohHemur arente. 

yEneid. 1. /. [540]. 
Gt^us the fisherman and Truchalio tlie slave as they were lirought 
upon the stage hy Plautus quarelUng about a hagge found in the sea, 
Gr. Mare quidem commune certo *sl omnibus, Tr. assentio. 
Qui minus hunc eommunem mihi queso orporiet esse vidulumf In 
mari inrcntum est. Commune est. In Rudente. Act. i". 
CAMD. SOC. 1 




58 A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

Latona alloquens raaticos Lycioa sic ait apud Ovid. Metam. 
lib. 6« 

Quid prohibetis aquas f Usus communis aquarum est^ 
Nee solem proprium Natura nee aera fecit. 
Nee tenues undaa. In publica munera veni 

Littusque rogamus 
Innocuum et cunctis undamque auramque potentem. 

jEneid. I. 7. [229]. 
Phemecidea etiam apud Aihenceum Dipnosoph. 8, ait 

Trjp fiev 0aXaa[<T]av Koiptjp eivai, [All the above and the 
second heading at the top of the page are Lord Preston's writing.] 
(26) Tlie evil custom in England of seiseing all shiprorack as forfeit 
to the Lord of the Mannor or Hie inhabitants of that shear where the 
ship was uoraktf was also among the Greeks of Constantinople^ but 
condemned and forbidden by a severe edict of Andronicus Comnenus 
tlie Emperoury though otherwise a most cruell tyrant. Sec Nicetas 
Choniates in his Ufe^page 209^^ of his history. Edit. Paris jfol. 



OF JOHN MILTON. 



59 



INDEX ETHICUS, p. 1. 



Malum morale, 4 

De viro bono, 5 

De virtute, 6 

ATaritia, 12 

Gala, 13 

Libido, 14 

Castitas, 15 

Ebrietas, 17 

De morte spontanea, 16 

De fortitudine, 18 

De Dnellis, 19 

De fnorte, 20 

De scientia literarnm, 58, 54 

De curiositate, 55 

De Poetica, 57 

Epitaphia, 58 



De musica, 61 
De Rhetoricd, 59 
Consultatio, 67 
Ignavia, 70 
De mendacia, 71 
De fnrto, 72 
De fide servanda, 78 
De Jostiti^ et contra, 74 
De adulatione, 75 
De reprehensione, 76 
De maUdicentid, 77 
De voluntate^ 78 
SinderesiSf 79 
Batio, 80 
Consdentia, 81 
jEquitaSf 82 



(ECONOMICUS, p. 101. 



De victu, 105, ubi de cibomm usa 
De cultn corporis, 106 
Matrimoniom, 109, 114 
De educandis liberis. 111 
De Divortio. 112, 116 
Concubinatus, 110 



De Sends, 118 
Adolterinm, 115 
DiviticB, 148 
Panpertas, 150 
Eleemosyne, 151 
De usara, 160 



60 



A COMMONPLACE BOOK 



POLITICUS, p. 177. 



X^cspublica, 177 

Amor iu patriam, 178 

Leges, 179, 189 

Mores gentium, 180 

De dispensationibus ct indnlgentiis, 

189 
Rex, 181, 182, 186, 195 
Subditus, 183 

Lenitas, 184, ubi de libris prohibitis 
Tyranniis, 185, 248, 200 
Aulici, 187 
Consilimnij 187 
Astutia Politica, 188 
Nobilitas, 191 
Libertas, 183, 190 
Severitas, 193 
Servitus, 190 
De Religione quatenus ad rempub, 

spectat, 197 
Varius reipub. statuSy 198 



Censas et Ycctigal, 220, ubi de mari 

libero an non 
Extortio publica, 221 
Monarchia, 199, 200, 201 
De atheia tractandis in Repuhlita^ 202 
De Aristocratia, 203 
Judex et Judicium^ 204 
Democratiay 205 
Pestilentia, 230 
Gymnastica, 240 
Spectacula, 241 
Disciplina militaris, 242 
De bcllo, 243 
De bello civili, 244 
De foederatis, 245 
De seditione, 246 
De urbe obsidenda et obscssa, 247 
De re nauticd et naufragiis, 249 
De littoribus et mari sensu politico^ 

249 



OF JOHN MIl.TON. 



PROLUSION AND VERSES PRESUMED TO BE BY 
JOHN MILTON. 



Mank riTue LEcTtu pooe, 

la ,\[iltoii. Tritam est retustatc proverbium " diluculo snrgere saluberrimum est," 
nee sane miniia verum quum ftntiqniini: etenini ei online eappntare 
conabor liujua rei sing^ulu utilitates, opus ardui laboriB obire videbor; 
surge igitur, surge, desea nee semper teneat le tnolIU lectus; nescis 
quot obleetamenta pnebet aurora. Oculos delcetare cnpis? aspico solem 
pnrpureo colore orientem, caelum puruu et salubre, berbesceutem agrarutn 
viriditatem, tlorum omnium TSrietatem. Aures juvare vclis ? audi argutos 
anvium coucentua et leves apuin BusurroB ; naribua ptacebis? nou satiari 
possia BUBvitate odoram qui e flortbus efflantur. Quod si bfec nou 
ftrrident, ratiouem salutia tUK atiquantulum qiupso ducas ; quippe samoio 
mane cnbitn Gurgere ad firmam corporis valetudinem non parum conducit, 
Btndijs rero aptissiraum est, tunc enim in nuiuerato babes ingeuinm. 
Pneterea boni regis est non somno immodico corpus saginare, et vitatn 
feriatam et laboris racuam transigere, at reipubticie cum nocte turn die 
oonsulere ut argnti' hortatur Theocritus 

()u jyJi) xiufiaaOri jiaBrui 

Et apud Uomenim sic somnus alb>quitur Agamemnonem, 
ECieii "Arpeoi vii hai^povoi iicirob&iiQta 
Oil )yji) iravniX'oi' tthtii' fiovKii^npov fiv^pa. 

Qaam ob causam fabulantur puette Tithonnm et Cepbalam Aurorn' 
amanioB fiiieae ? nimirum qnod somni parcissimi fnere, et, relicto cubili, 
agroB pictos, et lierbis multi-coloribus vestitoB obire suliti sunt. Bed 
iloutiam adicitus estirparem ut nullum ejus vestigium relio- 
quercm, incommoda inniimerit qua' ab ilti omnibus manant nitdarc 




62 A COMMONPLACE BOOK 

aggrediar. haec ingeniam vegetum hebetat, et obtnndit et memorial 
quam plnrimum officii ; ecqnid tnrpias esse possit quam in multam diem 
stertere et max imam vitae tuae partem morti tanquam sacrare? At tu, 
qui summas rei praees, tuum est potissimum vigilias agere, et somnnm 
arctiorem obrepentem penitns discutere ; multi enim hostes somno gravi 
presses et quasi sepultos adorti occisione occidernnt, et tantam stragem 
edidemnty nt ant yisn ant anditn miserabile sit. Millia hnjnsmodi 
exempla, qnae inexhansto stylo narrare potni, mihi snppeditantnr. At 
si Asianam illam exnberantiam imitabor, profecto vereor ne miseros 
anditores taedio enecabo. 



Carmina Elegiaca. 

Surge, age surge, leves, jam convenit, excute somnos, 

Lux oritur, tepidi fulcra relinque tori ; 
Jam canit excnbiter gallus pramnncins ales 

Solis et invigilans ad sua quemqne vocat ; 
Flammiger Eois Titan caput exerit nndis 

Et spargit nitidnm Iseta per arva jubar ; 
Daulias argntum modnlatur ab ilice carmen, 

Edit et excultos mitis alanda modes ; 
Jam rosa fragrantes spirat silvestris odores, 

Jam redolent yiolae luxnriatque seges ; 
Ecce novo campos zephjritis gramine vescit 

FertiliSy et vitreo rore madescit humus ; 
Begnes invenias molli vix talia lecto 

Cum premat imbellis lumina fessa sopor ; 
niic langnentes abnimpnnt somnia somnos, 

Et turbant animum tristia multa tuum ; 
Illic tabifici generantur semina morbi 

Qui pote torpentem posse valere virum : 



HF JOHN MII.TON. 03 

Snrge, age surge, leves, jam conrcnit, extnttJ soninos, 
Lnx oritur, tepidi fulcra reUnqiie tori. 

IgnavuB eatrapam dedecet incl}rt[nni] 
SomDUB qui pnpulo inulti-fiilo prn'CBt.. 
Dum Dauui votoris filius armi^or 

• • Stratus purpureo p buit , 

Audax Eurialus Nieus et impiger 
Invasere cati noctc sab horrida 
Torpeat«s Rutiloe castraque Volscia ; 
Hinc ctedeR oritur clamor et absonus. 

In the first and nineteenth lines the word e^fute hns boon anbstitalcil tnr areirrc, 
which word seems nriginally in eorh ciuie to iinvn oaded the \me. In the fifteeniL 
line the wnnl tomnHiH has been altered toiomnot. In the twentf-foorth line portions 
of the pAper (vhicb is rer; much decayed) are torn awa/, and the rerae is noceuatily 



CORRIGENDA. 



L 



p. 2, line 10 from foot, for ''conquista rela" read "conquistare la." 
p. S. line 1 1 from foot. For " seTeribos " read " sororibua." 
pp. 9 and 10. For " (16. 4) " read " (13. 1)." 
p. 17, line 6. For " divertio " read '• divortio," 

iu the note. For " Masch." read " Mosch." 

p. 19, line 8. For "paupertua " read " panpertas," 

line 2 from foot. For " alcum " read •' alciin." 

Under "148"iH the margin ad(/"(13. 1)." 

p. 28, line 6. For " avrH " read " nuri." 

— — line 14. For "subdituR" read "snbditos." 

p. 3fi, line 10 from foot. For " avcrratnr " read •• aversatiir." 

p. ■15, line 3 from foot. For " Atheru " read " Atkeus." 

line 9 from foot, For "Herodanium " read "Herodianiim." 

p. 50, line 8, For " torneameno " read " tomeamento." 
p. 61, line 3 from foot. For " odicittis " reml " nidicitus.'* 
p. 65, col. 2, line 4. For " (146) " read " (148 )." 



64 



A COMMONPLACE BOOK 



LIST OF AUTHORS CITED BY MILTON IN THE 

COMMONPLACE BOOK.* 



_ ' Angelo di Costanzo. Hist, de I Campian, 74 



Napoli, 5,248 
- Ariosto, 151 
Aristoteles, Rhet., (59), (204) 
Ascham (Roger), 245 
Atheneeus, 249 
Augustiniis de Civ. Dei, 195 



Catacnzenus, 240 

Cedren ( ? Geo. Cedreni compendiam 

historiaram), 109 
Chaucer (Geoffrey), Canterbury 

Tales, 109, 111, 150, 191 
Chrysostom (John), 151 
Clemens Alexandrinus, 71, 106, 109 
Codimis, 181 
Comines (Philip de), Memoires (ed. 

Gall. Paris), 53, 67, 110, 185, 

220 
Cuspinian, 151, 181, 186, 190, 193 



Bacon (Sir Francis), 184 

Basil, 55, 57, 185 

Beda, 57, J 81 

Berni, Orlando Inamorato, (71), 182 

Boccacio (in vita Dantis), 182 

Boccalini, (187,) 189, (197,) (201,) . Cyprian, 109, 110, 241 

(203,) (205) I 

Bodinus (do Republica), (20,) 112, Daniell (on Dante), 160 

(187,) (189, 195, 199, 200, 202, Dante, 12, 16, 70, 111, 160, 182, 

248) I 191,(197) 

Boiardo, (77,) (187) j De L'Hospital, 177 

Bracton (Hen. de), Liber de logg. | Doctor and Student, (79, 80, 81, 82) 

et consuetudd. Angli», (78, 186, | Dn Chesne, 109, 220 

195) 
Buchanan (Geo.), Hist, of Scotland, | Eusebius, 53, 55, 105, 109, 177, 

(198) I 181 

I Evagrius, 220 
CA»sar, 20 
Camden (W"^), History of Elizabeth, Frontinus, 19 

6, 109, 177, 181, 186, 188, 220, , 

242, 245 I Gildas, 114, 195 

■ The uunibers in parentliCKes refer to entries not by Milton's band. 



WW „_ ..5 


Gilles (Hist. Jea VuuJoiu), 53 


Uregorio Oiraldo, 189 ^^^^^| 


tlirard {B } Hist, do France, 53, SI, 


Lucauus; Pbaifialia, 199 ^^^^^| 


109, 110, 112, 183,165,186,191 


^T^^^H 


Gower (Tho.), 243 


Machiavelli (Nic), Arte di guerra, ^ '^^^1 


T-:^-OmcciBrdini, 182, 190 


177,182. Discorsi, (146,)(185,) ^^H 


aiiimm, 191 


{I95,)(197,)(198,) (242,) (243,) ^H 


Gregorius, Njbs., 109 


(245,) (246) ^M 




Malmesbary (William of), 14, 53, ^^1 


Haillon (Hiat. de la Fiuiice), 182 


185 _^^^^| 


Hardyng, 242 


Mattlueus MonacLus, m^^^^^M 


1 Hayward(LiftofEd. VI.), 245 


Muttbew ^^^^^1 


Heury of Hutitiiigdmi, 109 


Martyr, Peter, 185 ^^^^H 


Historic MiHCclU, 161 


Moryaon (Fjnes), (58) ^^H 


UoliDshed (Ralph), 17, 19, 72, 74, 
109, 110, 178, 179, 181, 182, 
183, 184, 185, 186, 220, 221, 


NicephoruB Gregom, lt<l, 220, 240 ^H 
Nic«t8s, Cboiiiat«B, fol. ed. Paris, 249 ^H 


242, 243, 244 


Uvid'B Metaoiorplioses, (249) ^^M 


Ignatius, 109 


Paolo (Hist. Concil. Trideot, ed. ^ ^H 


Joviua (PanlUB), 13, 181, 220, 242, 


Lend.), 109, 112, 179, 184, 189, ' ^M 

244 ^^^^^M 


247 ( Hist, sni temporis, fol. 1578) 


Procopius, 151,230 ^^^^^H 


182, 190 
Justin Martyr, 109, 182 
Jus GrKco-Romannm (see Lcun- 


Pnidcntius, 191 ^^^^B 
Purcliaa (Samuel), 13, 57 ^H 


clavius), 109, 112 


Raleigh ( Sir W.), Hist of the World, ^H 




^H 


Lactantius, 4, 14, 1^, 178, 241 


Rivctas, 160, 188 ^^H 




^^^^^M 


163 


gavanarola, ^^^^^H 


Leo, A/er (ed. Lugd.), 57 


^^^^^^H 


Leunclavius, (Jo) (Jnris Gncco 


Seldea (John), 109, 110 ^^^^^H 


t Romani taiu canonici qnam civilis 


Sessel (Claude), 186, 242 ^^^^H 


1 tomi dno. fol. Francfort, 1596), 


Sidney (Sir P.), Arcadia, 16, 17. ^H 


1 109,112,182 


188 ^^^^H 


■ CAMD 80C, 


^^^^^^H 



66 



A COMMONPLACE BOOK 



Sigonius, (19, 181,) 182, 183, 220, 

240 (fol. Francf. 1591) 
Sinibaldus, 116 
Sleidan, 18, 55, 76, 181, 185, 243, 

244, 246 
Smith (Sir Tho:), 182, 185 
Socrates, 53, 55, 61, 109, 111, 151, 

181 
Sozomen, 109 
Speed, 53, 72, 74, 109, 160, 179, 

180, 183, 185, 186, 187, 220, 221, 

242, 245 
Spenser (Edm.)> 188, 242 
Stow (John), 15, 57, 72, 109, 179, 

180, 181, 184, 185, 220, 242 

(Annals, fol. Lond. 1613) 



SulpiciuB Sevems, 150, 182 

Tasso (Torq.), (71)- 

Tassoni, 189 L^" 

Tertullian (ed. Rigalt.), 4, 13, 181, 
241 

Theodoritns, 53, 243 

Theophrastns, 20 

Thomasinus (Life of Petrarch), 189 

Thuanus, 14, 17, 53, 110, 112, 114, 
115, 177, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 
188, 244 (5 vols. fol. 1 620) 



ViUani (Gian.), 12 
Virgilius; ^neid., (249) 



OF JOHN MILTOS. 



Kefekencks to some I'laces in Milton's Works where his 
hah utilised entries in the comhonplace book, 



[i.] p. 13. The people Bailh Malmsbary learned . . . . of tlie Dnnos 
dranfeeneas, Hiat. of Brit., Edgar, p. 542. Hardecnutc .... while 
he wa» drinking fell down speechless, and ao djing, &<:. Ho was it 
seems a grent lover of good cheer, sitting at table four times a day. 
Hist, of Brit., Hardecniite, p. 353. 

[ii.] p. 53. The likeliest means to remove hirelings out of the Chnrch, 
p. 433. 

[iii.] p. 58. That notorious ribald of ArezBO .... whom Henry Vll I. 
named in merriment hia Vicar of Hell. Speech for the liberty of 
unlicensed printing, p. 108. 

[iT.] p. 72. Edwiu .... by the due admin istratioD of Justice wrought 
such peace over all his territories, that from sea to sea man or womftn 
might have travelled in safety. Hist, of Brit. p. 519. 

[v.] p. 72. Thieves and robbers he (Edgnr) rooted almost out of the 
land. Hist, of Brit. p. 542. 

[vi.] p. 73. Milton tells this story at length in the Hist, of Brit. p. 559. 

[vii.] p. 74. Hist, of Brit. p. 542. 

[viii.] p. 75. Hist, of Brit. p. 552. 

[ix.] p. 76. After mentioning Luther being cited before Charies V. to 
answer for Lis books and refusing to retract, as told by Sleidan, and 
commending Luther's righteons anger, Milton says " that the spirit of 

EGod . . . when he would reprove any fault severely , . . abstains not 
from some words not civil at other timea to be spoken." And a little 
I further on " indignation agwnst men and their acUons notoriously bad, 
1 hath leave and authority ofttimes to otter such words and phrases, as 
in common talk were not so manneriy to use." Apology for Smecljm- 
nuus, p. 84. 
[isa.] p. 109. Reformation in England, p. 8. 



68 A COMHOMPLACE BOOK 

[x.j p. 1 12, The Popes of Rome perceiritig tlie great revi'iuic aad high 
anthority it trouli] give them even over princes to bave the judging and 
deciding of snch a main consequence in the life of m&n as iraa divorce; 
wrought so, Ac. .... Iiy which means tiiey subjected that ancient and 
natiirall/ domestic j^rerogtitive to an external and unbefitting judicature. 
Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce, Cap. 21. 

[xi.] p. 112. These references are worked up in "Exposition in the 
four chief places in Scripture which treat of nullities in Marriage," 
f. 210. See also Doctrine and Discipline of Dirorco, cap. 8, f, 132. 

[rii.] p, 116. See " Exposition on the four chief places," &c p. 185. 

[xiii,] p. 150, See The likeliest means to remoTc HirelingR out of the 
Church, p. 434. 

[xiv.] p. 179- For ■ remark against Law French, see Ou Education, 
p. 9S. 

[xv.] p. 179. He (Offa) granted, saith Huntingdon, a peipetual tribute 
to the Pope out of every house in his kingdom for yielding perhaps to 
translate the primacy of Canterbury to Litchfield in his own dominions. 
Hist, of Eug!. book 4, p. 527. 

[xvi.] p. 179. See The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, p. 233, 

[Tvii.] p, 180. Hist, of Brit. p. 555. 

[xviii,] p. 182. Observations upon the Articles of Pence, p. 263. 

[xix.] p. 185. See The Tenure of Kings and MagistraUs, 237, 

[xx.] p. 185. This passage from Sir Thomas Smith is quoted in The 
Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, p. 237. 

[xxi.] p. 185. Ibid. p. 237. 

[xxii.] p. 185. Ibid, p, 238. Bnt here Milton cites De Thou instead 
of Buchftnan. 

[xxiii.] p. 185. And the Ct 
against him, that tht 

[xxiv,] p. 185. 

[xxv.j p. 185. 

[xxri.] p. 186. 

[xxTii.] p. 188. 

[xxviii,] p. 189 

[xxix.] p. 191. 

[xxx.] p. 195, 



requested to have judgment decre 
aim might not be endangered. Ibid. p. 237. 
Ibid. p. 237. 

Observations on the Articles of Peace, p. 265. 
The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, p. 233. 
Ibid. p. 238, citing Buchanan. 
Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce, cap. 5, p. HI. 
Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, p. 237. 
Id. p. 237. 



ed 



OF JOHN MILTON. 



69 



xxzi] p. 220. Hist of Brit. p. 553 



xxxii.] p. 220 
xxxiii.] p. 242. 
xxxiv.] p. 244. 
XXXV.] p. 244. 
xxxvi.] p. 246. 



Ibid. p. 551. 
Ibid. p. 541 . 

Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, p. 238. 
Answer to EiKwy BaacXin}, p. 305. 
Ibid. . 



fflpinii 

3 6105 033 970 695 



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