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Cfarendon Mress Series 


CONCISE 
ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY 


OF THE 


ENGLISH LANGUAGE 


SKEAT 





HENRY FROWDE, M.A. 


PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD 


LONDON, EDINBURGH, AND NEW YORK 


A CONCISE 
ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY 


OF THE 


ENGLISH LANGUAGE 


BY THE REV. 


WALTER W. SKEAT 


Litt.D., LL.D., D.C.L., Pa.D. 


RLRINGTON AND BOSWORTH PROFESSOR OF ANGLO-SAXON IN 
THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE 


NEW EDITION 
RE-WRITTEN AND RE-ARRANGED 


‘Were man to live co-eval with the sun, 
The patriarch-pupil would be learning still.’ 
Youne, Night Thoughts, vii. 86 


OXFORD 
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 


1901 


{odes 





CONTENTS 


PAGE 
INTRODUCTION .  . ©. ee ee 
KEY To THE GENERAL PLAN OF THE DICTIONARY . . . xi 
List OF ABBREVIATIONS . - A . . . i . . xii 
CONCISE ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE . 7 ‘ ‘ : 5 1 
APPENDIX: 
I. List or PREFIXES . r i F P Fi ‘ é ‘ - 624 
Il. Surrixgs. . . Bi ee Star od ek? hE) Deer 630 
UI. Sgevect List or Latin Worps . . eS 5 - 632 
Serect List of GREEK Worts . ; : : - + 644 
IV. HomonyMs . : . i ¢ 3 : ; . . 647 
V. List oF DousLets . . . : 5 . ‘ ; - 648 
VI. DisTRIBUTION OF WORDS ACCORDING TO THE LANGUAGES 
FROM WHICH THEY ARE DERIVED. . . .  . 652 


SUPPLEMENT . se : . Ss wn ys . oe. 662 














z INTRODUCTION 


frermentiz fedl that che wreels. as arranced mn cow (1) teiow. are 
danget into the ecxresponciag voseis in row (2. 


(3,4, 86s). a. oF &a®. &z. a 
(2) 6 9, td, 9) & 2, 9. F- O. Mere 2. #5 
Pample :—/yllan, wo fill, Sor *falijex; from fail. fall. 

Morerwer, sabstantives and secondary verbs are often formed from 
tases seen in the past tense singular, past tense plural, or past parsccple 
cA a strong verb, rather than from the infinitive mood. Thes eed and 
bend are from the base seen in the A. S. band. pt t of Jeedzx. 20 bind ; 
whilst Lundie is derived from that which appears in the pp. deed-ex. 
By way of distinction, I refer to Jend- as the ‘prime grade. :0 Azed- 
as the ‘ second grade,’ and to dund- as the ‘ weak grade” 

Lastly, our modern words of native origin belong rather to the 
Midland (or Old Mercian) dialect than to the ‘ Anglo-Saxon’ or 
Wessex ; and Old Mercian employs a (mumated to e) where the AS. 
has ¢a, and sometimes ¢ for A. S. co. 


ICELANDIC. This language abounds in somewhat similar vowel- 
changes, but very few of these appear zn Engitsh. But we must not 
frass over the frequent formation of derivatives from the past tenses 
(singular or plural) and the past participles of strong verbs. Thus 
batt, \cel. betta, lit. ‘to cause to bite,’ is the causal of dia, to bite ; its 
form may be explained by the fact that the pt. t. of bifa is der?. 

Again, as regards the Romance languages, especially French, it 
must be borne in mind that they are also subject to phonetic iaws. 
These laws are sufficiently illustrated in Mr. Paget Toynbee’s trans- 
lation of Brachet’s Historical French Grammar. In particular, I may 
note that most French substantives are derived from Latin accusatives ; 
and that to derive dounty from bonttas (nom.), or honour from Lat. 
honor (nom.), is simply impossible. 

For fuller information, the reader is referred to my Principles of 
English Ktymology, First and Second Series; the former deals chiefly 
with the native, and the latter with the foreign elements of the 
language. My Primer of English Etymology contains some of the 
more Important facts. 

I nubjoin a key to the plan of the work, and a list of abbreviations. 





xi INTRODUCTION 


The symbol > means ‘ older than’ or ‘ more primitive than’; the 
symbol < means ‘ younger than,’ or ‘ derived from.’ 

§ 5. Symbols of Languages. The symbols, sach 25 F.=French, 
are nct used in them usaal vague sense, 90 2s to baffle the enquirer 
who wishes to find the words referred to. Every symbol has a special 
sense, and has reference to certam books, in one at least of which the 
word cated may be found, as I have ascertained for myself by looking 
them all out. I have purposely used, as far as was practicable, the 
most easily accessible authorities. The exact sense of each symbol is 
given in the list below. 

§ 6. Boots. In some cases, a word is traced back to its original 
Indo-germanic root. The root is denoted by the symbol v/, to be 
read as ‘root.’ Thus dear, to carry, is from “BHER. Some of 
these roots are illustrated by the lists in § ILI of the Appendix. 

§ 7. Derivatives. The symbol Der., ie. Derivatives, is used to 
intro-luce forms related to the primary word. Thus, under Aci, I 
note such derivatives as act-ion, act-ize, &c., which cause no cifficulty. 


LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. 
Arab.— Arabic; as in Richardson’s Per- ,Comm—Comish ; as in Williams’ Dict.; 


sian and Arabic Dict., ed. F. John-! 1865. 
son; 1829. See also Devic’s Sup- | Dan-—Danish; as in Ferrall and Repp; 
plement to Littré’s F. Dict. 1861. 


A. S.—Anglo-Saxon; as in the diction-|_ Dan. dial—Danish dialects; as in 
aries by Bosworth and Toller, Ett- Molbech, 1841. 
miilles, and Grein ; in the Vocabu- | Du—Dutch; as in Calisch and in the 
laries edited by T. Wright and Prof. Tauchnitz Dutch Dict. Middle 
Wiilker; and in Sweet's Oldest Dutch words are from Oudemans, 


English Texts. Hexham (1658), or Sewel (1754). 

Bavar. — Bavarian ; as in Schmeller’s| E—Modem English; as in N. E. D. 
Bayerisches Worterbuch; 1827- (New English Dictionary); and in 
1837. the Century Dictionary. 

Bret.—Breton ; as in Legonidec’s Bret.| M.E.—Middle English English from 
Dict., ed. 1821. the thirteenth to the fifteenth cen- 

Brugm.—Bragmann, Grundriss der ver- turies inclusive); as in Stratmann’s 
gleichenden Grammatik, &c.; vol. i. Old English Dict., new edition, 
(and ed.), 1897; vol. ti. 1889-90. 1891. 


C.—Celtic; used as « general term for| F.—French. Most of the forms cited 
Trish Gaelic, Welsh, Breton, Cornish, are not precisely modern French, but 
&e, from Cot. = Cotgrave’s Dictionary, 





zw ESTRODCCTIOS 


OTHER ABBREVIATION= 


Set —sccmaatrve cane. > Di —somintive ese 
a — ahective. obs. —abenicte 
A.V —Asthorieed Version of the pi. —gineat. 

ible, 1625. Pp —pest persciple 
cd —ernter, i.e. compase. Prep-— espana. 
Ch. —Chancer. pees. pect —present perticinie 
Comay,.— comparative. ' pees. (—presext temse 
nj —capenctiin. prob. —probshiy. 
dat —dative case. proa.— promo. 
decip—teclensiceal rov.— provincial. 
Dex. — Derivative. pt. (—past tense. 
dimin.—dimmative. & ¥.—qnod vide = which sre 
f. or fem. —feminine. s v.—seb verbo= under the word. 
frerjoent.— frerjuentative. , sh—sebstuntive. 
L e.—id est, that is. sing.—singular. 
inf.—infinitive mood. ‘str. vb.—stromg verb, 
lit. —literally. tr.—translated, er translation. 
™. or masc.— mascaline. trans.—transitive. 
8. or neut.—nenter. vb.—verb. 


Some of the longer articles are marked off into sections by the use 
of the Greek letters B, y. This is merely intended to make matters 
clearer, by separating the various statements from each other. 

Notes at the end of an article are marked off by beginning with 
the symbol 9. XIV, XV, XVI, mean that the word was introduced 
in the 14th, 16th, or 16th century, respectively. Hyphens are freely 
introduced to shew the eymological division of a word. Thus the 
word concede is derived from Lat. con-cédere; meaning that concédere 
can be resolved into con- and cedere. This etymological division is 
often very different from that usually adopted in printed books:-when 
words have to be divided; thus capactous can only be divided, etymo- 
logically, as cap-ac-t-ous, because cap- is the root-syllable ; whereas, 
when divided according to the pronunciation, it becomes ca-pa-ci-ous. 

Theoretical forms are marked by an asterisk preceding them. Thus, 
under Harrow (1), the Teutonic type *dergos, a hill, is the primitive 
Teutonic form whence the A.S. deorg and the G. derg are alike de- 
ascended; and under Beetle (2), the A.S. form Sy/el must have been 
*bé/el in Old Mercian. 


INTRODUCTION xv 


The symbols 8 and p are both written for 44. In Icelandic, p has , 
tbe sound of #/ in sAsn, and 8 that of /4 in ‘hat; but the M.E. and A.S. 
symbols are confused. The M.E. symbol 3 commonly represents y at 
the beginning of a word, and gé in the middle. A.S. short and long 
vowels, such as a and 4, are as distinct from each other as e and y, 
or o and @ in Greek. 

The distinction between the two values of A. S. long @ (as 
made by Dr. Sweet in his A. S. Dict.) has been carefully observed. 
Thus the A. S. @ invariably represents the mutation of A. S. @ (as 
usual), and corresponds to Goth. az; but A.S. @ represents the 
Wessex sound corresponding to the Anglian and Kentish 2, and to 
Goth. @ For example, heal is from A. S. k@lan, cognate with Goth. 
hatljan, G. helen; but deed is from O. Merc. déd (Wessex déd), 
cognate with Goth. déds, G. that. 





s22OEy ATE 


ar a. Sen 
wat, O° Ivo 


2h sor rm ae. 


aleer fs, en 
@ Jlar.ed ; 





a en. 
{tah ata 
Bite. Der, te! s.07 fa aret. sh. 
) *tAcatin., Fsresion. 
‘y.-3. 0 ALE. abeian-e. suspension. 


waticg Yo, week: a4 bane. pres. pt 
AO our ¥. hayer,. t9 pipet. expect 
anny Lad, at: asd fasive. wo gaze. 
Abhor. [.. 1. at-hervi-g. 25 sorcnk 


Sees. i, terrane. a6. from; Ae-rére, 20 








dual. Of Horrid. 
Abide ': , t» #ai f°. E. AS. 
ahutan of: d-, prefix, and ¢éizen, to 








tine 4, 72% Bide. 
4,.%% wufler for. pay for. E., 

236% from M.E. alyen, to 
.°% bay up, redeem =A. S, 
fur. Se A- 4, and Buy. 

ect, in lit. cost away. 1. 
N. abe tui, away, pp. of ah-rteere, to 
tant aways aD. ah, away; tarere, ta cast. 
Cf Jett, 

Abjure. (I. 1. al-tirire, to Ceny; 
It, ty swear away from.@L. ad, from; 
turare, to wweare L, fur-, from nom. i, 
law, sph, Ch Jury. 

Ablative. “|., 
faking sway.eJ, a6, from: and /atum 
© shitum,,\o lwar, take; allied to follere, 
totive, See Polerate. 

Ablaze. ‘i, For on blaze; we A- 
(2, and Blase. 

Able, powerful, skilful. ‘F, — L: 
MLE, able, hulle. oO. ¥F. habile, able, able. 
oJ. hatilis, cany to hanille, active. =I., 








gay for, 
“kines to pay 






L.. ablatiuus, it. . 



















F-Sa Y e - e 
oct Sim err. i: wast. 


Abmegate : 








Frc re jwecrd: see A- 





ceed. Seay, 
a AS chil, 





Pomricee, &: beginsing ; 


ee ig the abl. of c-igz Vergil, 


From ace. of L. 
imely bith.<L shortus, 
to RiLeL of, away; 
A ee ix. Cf Orient. 

Abound. F.-L. AF. chuner, 
OF. 3*cncer.= L ai-enzivy, to overflow. 
\ol. ae. acc: und, 2 wave. 

About. EO ME atacen. aivuten. 
ALS. Yan; stort for cn-be- 
titan: where fe acswers to E. dy, and aitan, 
vard,is related to mf, ont, See A-(2, 
By ::4 Oat. 





ec 











Above. E.) M.E. aivvnr. abufen. 
ALS. dhufan, for on-ie-ufan; where be 
azswers to E. éy, and fin, upward, is 


extended from Goth. uf. up. See A- (2°, 

By, Up. A.S. sfan=G. oben. A.S. 
/e-ufan = Da. boven. 

Abrade, to scrape off. (L.) L. ab- 
ridere.to scrape off.= 1. ab, off; rédere, 
to scrape. Der, aérasicn from L. pp. 
i ahrasus . 

Abreast. E. Put for on éreast; 

“bridge. (F L) ME. at 
| idge. (F.—L.) M.E. abreggen. 
| A. F. abregger, O.F. abreger. abregier, to 


) | shorten. = 1. abbreuiare, to shorten.=L. 


ab-, put for ad-, to: and érenis, short. 
Cf. Brief. Doublet, abbreviate. 





a 









SP dwifee fg 
hannepae* 
a 


oc pee 





Wg ene 


tinted 2. depen = -L 7 F came 


a De Le, tori acd I 1 a -2-F « 
in Dae Zier BO Bowie vt, BA We oe OE. a 
“Sy 3. 2 Tio 


cen =the one nus F -L—Se® 
: aos : 


yet -. 


~ 
‘ 
. 
‘= 








PAD AD oe SAV OO 





‘wy te ree, -. 
Wife? Itt Wit min -mce 





r 

acr- 

CALLIN : : 

Bawrdum, 6 tena. .is 
eat Sint fa. 





a Ae te we Bee 
a a ee 
Pan Aa TA tare. 


hint, yeh oF 
meg te 4 ‘eote So wie 





3. ae bere wet i. we OF Wh oe, 
nibh Uy ts. 29 (Path. 
Aesvrant,.) 0 8. A weiner 
ante ws Vt tonler, amples Ot 
‘4. tw. als eam PMlare N04 "Site 
wet, lem tam um , ates prthore, 4 
hia 

Ascsrutre, (V3.8, OV arcoutrer, 
Neanite tg te eenahyey, Vy Cite. elias 
Vpn tyke anata | ja tiaja freon O 7 fe 
sa lee rules a wetditals While batt ane Acknowledge. 
thane matinentes, frat Lote 1. castor MOB. dneecenen ; fear. 2 sb. knowleche, 
tbh sates isn, wena F.. know le ize; we Knowledge. The 
Asoration,serae (Ge, Fremas prefix in due te MLE. aimowen (2 A.S8. 
(AD. mrchia, netcow lh. acrclus, pp. omenawan,, with the same sense; hence 
Mae crecere Me uta wh ae ‘far Me the prefix is A- 2). 

creme, We grow, duthentive form from. Aome, top. -Gk., Gk. da-pq, top, 
sea dee, We nnbe 6 Oranle. Ieharp edge. (4/AK, to pierce.) 


4 

































ADDUCE ADROIT 
=F. a, to; dresser, to direct, dress; see | standing the sense of O. F. Pe eiel to 
Dross, put side by side, arrange. = L. ad, to; and 


Adduce,. (L.) 1. ad-diivere, to lead | ruxtd, near; see Joust. 

to, bring forward.=L, ad, to; dicere, to| Adjutant, lit. assistant. (L.) From 
lead, bring. L. adititant-em, acc. of prea of 
Adept, 1 proficient. (L.) 1. adeptus, | adfittare, to assist, frequent. of ad-isesdre 
one who has obtained proficiency ; pp. of | to aid. L. ad, to; tuudre, to help. Ce 
adipisd, to obtamedl.. ad, to; apisct, to | Aid. 

oltun, perhaps related to affus, fit.| Administer. (F.-L.) M.E. amin- 
C4. Apt. tstren.—O.F. aministrer.~L. ad-minis- 
Adequate, (1... 1. adeyudtus, pp. | trdre, to minister (to). L. ad, to; meinis- 
Of adequare, to make equal to. L. ad, | frdre, to serve, from minister, a servant. 
to; aguare, to make equal, from aguus, See Minister. 


equal, \F.— Arab. M.E. ad- 
‘Adhere. CL.) La. ad-hurére, to stick | miral, more often amsral.QO, F. amiral, 
tulad, to; Awerére, to stick. iamirail, also amitre; cf. Low L. admi- 
Adieu, farewell. (F.)  M.E. @ dieu.! raldus, » prince, chief.—Arab. amir, a 
=I, 2 dieu, (L commit you) to God.=L. | prince; see Emir. The suffix is due to 
ad eum, to God, See Deity. ' Arab. al in amir-al-bahr, prince of the sea. 
Adipose, fatty. (L.) Late L. ad’-, Admire. (F.—L.)_F. admirer (O. F. 
fosus, fatty. = 1. adip-, stem of adeps, sb., | amtrer).—L. admirari, to wonder at.= 
fat, Connection with Gk. Aaa, fat, is! L. ad, at ; mirari, to wonder. 
doubtful. ; Admit. (L.) L. ad-mittere, to let 
Adit, accessto a mine. (1..) L. adif-us, ' to, send to. L. ad, to; miffere, to send, 
approach, entrance. = L. adét-wm, supine of , Der, admiss-ion ; from pp. admiss-us. 
ad-ire, to go to. L. ad, to; ire, to po. | mish, (F.-L.) M.E. amon- 
Adjacent, near to. (L.) From base | este; so that admonish has taken the 
of pres, pt. of I., ad-iacére, to lie near.= , place of amonest, with changed suffix due 
L. ad, near; iacére, to lie. | to verbs in -ésk. ‘I amoneste or wane’; 
ective. \F.—L.) F. adjectif (fem. Wyclif, 1 Cor. iv. 14.0. F. amonester.= 
sive). = L. ad-iectivus, lit, put near to.— i Late L. admonestare, new formation from 
L. ad-iectus, pp. of ad-icere, to put near. = | L. admoncre, to advise. = L. ad, to; monére, 
L. ad, to; iacere, to cast, throw. to advise. Cf. Monition. 
join, tolienextto. (F.-L.) O.F.| A-do, to-do, trouble. (E.) M.E. at 
adjoindre. = L. ad-tungere (pp. adéunctus),, do, to do; a Northern idiom, whereby af 
to join to.— L, ad, to; rungere, to juin. was used as the sign of the infin. mood, as 
Adjourn, to put off till another day. | in Icel., Swedish, &c. See Do (1). 
(F.-L.). O.F. ajorner, properly to draw| Adolescent, growing up. (L.) L. 
near to day, to dawn; also, to appoint a | adolescent-em,acc. of pres. pt. of ad-olescere, 
day for one.=Late L. adjurndre, ‘diem | to grow up. See Adult. 
dicere alicui;’ Ducange.—L. ad, to; and| Adopt. (L.) L. ad-optdre, to adopt, 
Late L.. yurseus (Ital. giorno’, a day, from | choose. = L. ad, to; optire, to wish. 
L. adj. diurnus, daily. L. diés, a day. Adore. (L.) L. ad-drare, to pray to. 
judge. .F.-L.) M.E. adingen;| -L. ad, to; ordre, to pray, from os 2 
also aiugen , xajugen’.—O.F. ajuger, to! dr-is',the mouth, Cf Oral 
decide. = 1.. aditdicdre, to award,—L.ad,' Adorn, (L.) L. ad-orndre, to deck. 
to; fadicdre, to judge, from i#dic-, base | = L. ad, to; orndre, to adorn. 
of rider, a judge. See Judge. | Adown, downwards, (E.)  M. E. 
Adjudioate. (L.) From pp. of L. jadune. A.S, of-dine, lit. from a down or 
aditdatcire (above). hill. A.S. of, off, from; and dime, dat. 
ure. (L.) L. ad-sérire, to swear | of din. a hill; see A- (1) and Down (2). 
to; in late L., to put to an oath.<L. ad,}| Adrift. (E.) For on drift; see A- 
to; turdre, to swear. See Jury. ,2) and Drift. 
just, to fit exactly. (F.—L.) From it. (F.—L.) F. adroit, dexterous. 
F. adjuster,‘ to adjust, place justly ;’ Cot. | =F. 2 droit, rightfully.=F. 2 (L. ad), to; 
L, ad, to; ssstus, just, exact; see Just. | Late L. divectum, right, justice, neut. of 
@ A new F. formation, due to misunder-|L. directus, pp. of di-rigere, to direct, 
6 








AFFEER AGATE 


Affeer, to 139-5, confirm. ‘F.—L.). af, for L. a%, prefix; and F. fret, the 
O.F afeurer, to fix the price of a thing freight of a ship. See Praught, Freight. 
‘afficiaily,.<Late L. affordre, to fix a ht, to ‘frighten. ‘E.) The 
price. -i: af- for ad ; and forum, marke:, double fis late. From M.E. afrigit. used 
price. asa pp., affrighted. — A.S. dfyrht, afyrhted, 
Affiance. F.-L. O.F.afasce.:rest: pp. affrightec: from infin. dfyrhfan ‘not 
cf. affier, after. to trast “whence F. affy .= sed). AS. é-, intensive; and jrrkian, 
O.F. a +L. ad,, to; and fidant-, sten of to terrify, from fyrAso, fright; see Fright. 
ie fide of Late L. "fidare, to tmst.fom Affront. F--1.) WE afronten. = 
veto trast. Cf. Late L. fidimzia, O. ¥. avonter, to confront, cppose face to 
re. face.= Late L. ‘affrontare.<L. af- ‘for ad 
* Keaiswit, an oth ‘Li LateL affi- to; front-em, acc. of /rons, forel 
dauit, 3 p. s. pt.t. of afr dare, to pledge.= brow. 
L. af- sad,to; Late L fidare, for L. fidere, Afloat. ‘E. For ox foat. 
to trust. Afoot. <E.; For on foot. 
Afflliation. ‘F.-L.) F. affciation, fore. “E° For on fore; A.S. one 
an adoption as a son. = Late L. ace. affisia- foran, afore. 
Minem. =|. af- =ad, to; ie a son. Afraid. (F.- L. and Tent.) Orig. 
Affinity. ‘F.-L)  F. afnité.oL. a i.e. ‘frightened.’ Pp. of Affray, 
affinitatem, acc. of affinitas, nearness. = L. 
affinis, near, bordering on. L. af- ‘for ad , “Afreah. (E.) For on fresh or of fresh; 
to, near; fints. boundary, end. 
. F.-L) ME. fia aA nae A.S. affan, be- 
OW. aferm:r, to fix. =L. afirmire.eL. hind; after, after, both prep. and adv. 
a, ‘for ad), to; firmdre, to make firm, | Icel. apian, behind, attr, aftr, backwards; 
rom firms, strong ; see Firm. Dan. and Swed. efter, Dau. achter, O. H.G. 
x. ‘L., Late Le ees eee , | @ftar, prep. and adv. behind. B. A/tan 
frequent. of L. affigere ‘pp. a, *, to| is extended from Goth. af, off; see Of. 
fast -n to.— L.af- (for ad), to; figere, i fix. | After isa comp. form, likeGk. dew-rép-a, 
Affiict, to harass. (L-) ats pelt ae farther off; it means more off, further off, 
afflictus, pp. of affigere, to strike to the hence behind. Der. ab-aft, q v.;3 after: 
ground. fF af- ‘forad,,to; and fligere, to| ward ‘see Toward . 
dash. Soalso conflict, from pp. con ictus; | Aftermath, a second crop of mown 
oe and cf. pro-flig-ate. grass. {E) Here after isan adj.; and math 
uence, (F.—L.) F. affuence.= | means ‘a mowing,’ unaccented form of 
L. afiuentia, abundance.=L. affiuent-em|A.S. mdp. Allied to Mead, Mow. Cf. 
(ace.), flowing towards, pres. pat of | G. mahd, a mowing ; nackmahd, aftermath. 
Affiuere, to flow to, aboenc af- (for Aftermost, indmost. (E.) A. S. 
ad, to; Aluere, to flow. relays Goth. aftumists; but affected 
Aff (E.) Altered from aforth, | by after and most. The Goth. es F-tse-mt- 
M.E. aforthen, to provide, P. Pl. B. vi. | ists is a treble superl. form. See Aft. 





201.—A. S. gefordian, fordian, to farther, Agha, 2 chief officer. (Turk.) 
premote, provide. A.S. ge-, prefix; and | Turk. agh, master. 
Sors, forth, forward; see Forth. .North E.\ Cf. M.E. ayein, 


y, to frighten. (F.—L. and Teut.) | A.S. ongegn (ongéan’.= A.S. on; and 
XV cent. M.E. affrayen. =O. F. effrater, | gegn, of which the primary meaning secms 
esfrer, to frighten. = Low I. exfridare, to|to have been irect,” or ‘ straight.’ 
break the king’s peace, cause an affray or | (N.E.1D.)4-Dan. igren, Swed. igen, again. 
fray; hence, to disturb, frighten.= L. ex; (North E.) The ¢ is added. 
and 0. 11.G. Sritu (G, friede), peace. (See | Cf. M. E. ayetnes, against; extended from 
Romania, 1878, vii. 11.) Der. ray, sb., | M.E. ayezn, against, with adv. suffix -es. 
also sp-lt fray and afraid, q. =A.S. ongéan, against ; the same as A. S. 
%, the hiring. of a vessel | ongéan, ongegn, again; see above.-+Icel, 

to convey an 0. an) -L. G.) <An|igegn, G. entgegen, against. 
E. spelling of F. ofreemen now written te. (F.—It.—L.— Gk.) O.F. agate, 
affrétement, the hiring of a ship.=F. Fie jc. = Ital. aguta, agatha, an agate 
affreter (now affréter), to hire a ship.=—F. | (Florio).<L. achatem, acc. of achdtes.o 
8 





AGRICULTURE 


favourably.=Q. F.a@ (=. ad;, according | 
to; gre, gret. pleasure. from L eratum, 
neut, of gratus, dear, pleasing. Cf. Grace. 
Der. disagree. 

ulture. L.) L. agi cultitra, 
culture of a field.—L. agri, gen. of ager, . 
aficld; and cultitra. See Acre and Cul- | 
tur2. 


Agrimon a plant. (F.—L.—Gk.; 
M. jae A egremoine. =M_-F. aigric' 


moine. ~ L. argeménia, argeméné.=Gk. - 
dpyepavn. ‘Lewis and Short, L. Dict.” 
E.) For on ground. 
» a fever-fit. (F.—L.5 Lit. 
‘acute’ attack.—O.F. ague, fem of agu 


(F. aigu’, acute. —L. acista (febrisy, acute . 


(fever) ; ‘ fem. of acuétus; see Acute 

Ah! (F.-L) M.E a! -0.F. aia: 
L. ah! 

Ahead. ‘F.) For on head, i.e. in aj; 
forward direction. See A- ‘2°. 

Ai, asloth. (Brazil.) From Brazil. az. 

Aid. ‘F.-L.) M.E aiden. — 0. F. 
aider.\.. adittire, frequent. of adiuuare, 
to assist. —L. ad; and iusdre, to help, pp. 
tutus. Cf. Brugm. ii. § 583. 

Ail, v. (E.; “MLE. cilen = A.S. eglan, 
to pa, cognate with Goth. agian. = 
A.S. egle, troublesome (allied to Goth. 
aglus,, ard. Cf. A.S. ege, terror, orig. 
pain ; see Awe. 

Aim, toendeavour after. ‘F.—L.) M.E. 
eimen, From confusion of (1) A.F. 
esmer, from L. astimare, to estimate, aim 
at, intend; and (2 O.F. aésmer, from L. 
ad-astimare, comp. with prefix ad-, to. 
See Esteem. 

Air ‘1). F.—L.—Gk.) M. E. air, er. 
=F. air. = L. der. =Gk. dap, air. 

iy .2', mien, affected manner ; tune. 
(F.-It.—L.—Gk.)  F. aér, look, tune. = 
Ital aria, ‘a looke,..atune;’ Florio. = 
Folk-L. neut. Pp Gra, treated as a fem. 
sing. (Diez,.=L. der. = Gk. a%p (above). 

Airt, a point of the compass (Gnael.) 
Gael. aird, a quarter or point of the 
compass. Cf. ©. Irish aird, a point, limit. 

Aisle, the wing of a church, (F.—L.) 
Ketter spelt aile =F. aile. = L. dla, a wing. 
Prob. for *ax/a, dimin. of Axis. 

Ait. ‘E.) See Eyot. 

Aitch-bone, the rump-bone. (Hyb.; 
F.—L. and E.) Orig. spelt nache bone.= 
O. F. mache, sing. of xaches, the buttocks ; 
and E. bone. Naches = Late L. maticas, acc. 
a aoriaos dimin. of L. maéés, the "bat: 


ALBUM 


jar. (E.) From a char, on char, on 
‘the tum (G. Douglas, tr. of Virgil, b. vii, 
, Prol.; = A.S. on cierre, on the turn; ef. AS. 
‘ cyrran, cierran, to tum. See Char (2). 

Akimbo, in a bent position. (Scand.) 
IME. in henchowe, Beryn, 1838. Perhaps 
from Icel. 7 dene, into a crook; with 
E. éow, i.e. bend, superfluonsly ‘added. 
Here keng i is the ace. of kemgr, a crook, 
itwist, kink. Cf. also Icel. 
bent into a crook, from dengr, a crook, 
| twist, kink, and ‘hoginn, bowed, pp. of 
lost verb bjiga, to bow. See Kink and 
‘Bow (1). , Very doubtful ; a 
Akin, of kin. ©) For of kin. 
Alabaster. (F.— L—Gk.: M.E. ala 
\ bastre. =O. F. alabastre (F. albdtre).—L. 
alabaster, alabastrum.= Gk. éAcAacrpor, 
| dadBaaros. Said to be derived from Ala- 
| bastron. a town in Egypt. (Pliny.) 

| Alack. (E) Prob.a corruption of M.E. 

a! lack! alas! a shame! lit. ‘lack.’ (It 
cannot be the same as a/as.) 

(L.) Formed by analogy 
with celer ity, from L. alacritatem. ace. of 
alacritas, briskness.~ L. alacer, brisk. 

a call toarms. F. Teal. — Ly 
M. E. alarme. = F.alarme.= Ital. alfarme, 
to arms! for alle arme. = Late L. ad 
tllas armas, for L. ad tlla arma, to 
those arms! to your arms! 

(F.—Ital.—L.) The same 
word, with an old pronunciation, in which 
the r was strongly y trilled. 

Alas! (F.—L) M.E. alas.=0.F. alas 
an F. A&as.=O.F. a, ah! and Jas, 
wretched that I am'=L. ak! and lassus, 
tired, wretched. (Allied to Late.) 

Alb, a white vestment. (F.—L.) M.E. 
albe —O. F. albe.—Late L. alba, sb. ; orig. 
fem. of L. albus, white. 

Albacore, a kind of tunoy. (Port.— 
Arab.) Port. a/bacor, albacora. Said to 
be of Arab. origin. 

Albatross, a large sea-bird. ‘Port. — 
Span.—Arab.—Gk.) Formerly also algu- 
tross.= Port. alcatraz, a cormorant, alba- 
tross: Span. alcatraz, a pelican.= Port. 
alcatruz,a bucket, Span. arcadsz, M. Span. 
alcaduz (Minsheu), a bucket on a water- 
wheel. = Arab a/- gadis, the same (Dozy). 
Similarly Arab. saggd, a water-carrier, a 
Pelican, because it carries water in its 
pouch. (Devic; supp. to Littré.) 

Album, lit. that which is white. (L) 
at ifgas a tablet, orig. neut. of albus, 
wi 








ALKALI 
in ike; where fife i dat. of Lf, Ste; see 
Wf. 


AlkaHi, asa" ‘Acsh. Act. ol ce; 
ter. 9tii, aces £ ab-wort, wie abouscs 
fe. wsta. i 

AIL ‘F.. ME oa, eo 54%, h- 
© Mex. al, a; Aor Rice See 
ally , Sue.adl; Das. al; De a2; 0. G. 
al; Gra. alls, yl alai. Tex tyze *e-- 
mor; alien to Irish wile, ab, fom Ig. 
type *oljs:. 

all, atv, ctteriy. In the phr elf-ts 
brake ‘crnrectly all (o-brake, Judges ix. 23 
Here the inccarect al-(o, for ‘ ctrerly, came 
abet A.v. 1500, in of the ole 
jome, wisich linked fo to the wert; cf. “Al 
is fobvosten thilke regioun,’ Chaucer, C. T. 
2787. See To-, prefix. 
almost. £.) pcronepr alet ones 
the greatest past, nearly all ; by 
tail. b.. most. See Most. 
alway, always. (E.) (1) AS. calac 
pi every way, an accus. case. .2, ME. 
$s west, in every way, a case. 

Allay. ‘i. ME. alcyen, alain. the 
stem of which is due to A. S. dleg-es, aleg- 
25, 2 and 3 pres, t. sing. of AS. alecgan, to 
wy down, put down, which produced also 

EK. aleggen, to lay or set aside. A.S. 





ALLOW 


' Gx. ddsyyopas, to spank so 25 to imply 
ing eise : Galaz iv. 24 —Gk Mire, 
pester Bane other: me eee 
speak, frum éysec. a piace of assembly ; 
f&yapan.to assentic. Gx. dddes = L akus, 
see Alien. 
tively. ‘Teal —L* Ital. afe- 
eecrem, acc. of alacer, brisk. 


‘Hebd, Se 
Alleviate. LL) From pp. of Late L. 
aLezizre, used for L. ellemare, to lighten. 
Lae tx af , to; lemare. to lift, lighten, 
freee lewti. tight. 
M. E. adey. 
sciptal sb. 


a= 


,awak. -F.-L? 


Alley, 
=O. F. 2.2e, a galiery ; a perticipial 
'O.F. ar, to go: F. aller. B. The cty- 


| mology of afer, much and long discussed, 
is not yet settled ; the Prov. equi is 
j @xcr. allied to Ital. andere, to go. 
| Alliance ; see Ally. : 
‘ i en -L._sLit. ‘the 
lizard.” = . . the lizard, i.e. 


| the great lizard. = Lilie, he, that; /acerta, 
a lizard. See Lizard. 
Alli i i of initial 
i letters, L} Coimed Lal- ‘for ad:, 
to; and /ifera, a letter ; see Letter. 
| Allocate, to set aside. LL.) From 
| PP- of Late L. allocare, to allot.—L. al- 


d., prefix; and lecgan, to lay, place; see; ‘=ad), to; locare, to place, from locus, a 


A- 4) and Lay 1). B. Bot much con- 
fused with other forms, especially with M. EL 
aleggen, to alleviate, from O.F. aleger, 
alegier,\.. alleutdre; and with old forms 
of alley. See N.E. D. 

Allege. (¥.-1.., M.E. alegen, aleggen. 
In form, the word answers to A. F. alegier, 
aligter-O.¥. esligter (see Godefroy) ; 
from A. F. @ OF. es-, and ligier.—L. 
exe; and litigdre, to contend (Ducange), 
from 1.. lis (yen. lit-ts), strife. Latinised 
as adicgiare (Vucange,, and treated as if 
allied to 1. allegdre (F, alldgner) ; hence 
the sense usually answers to that of L. 
alligare, to niduce.=L. al- (for ad), to; 
‘are, tu dispatch, to tell, from /zg-, base 
of fas, law. 


Allegiance, the duty of a subject to 
hislosd. (F.-O. HG.) M. E. alegeaunce. 
Formed from ¥F. a (#L. ad), to; O.F. 
dypance, ligeance, homage, from O. F. lige, 
liege, \iege. Sec Liege. @ The form 
ligame “Colelroy) was due to a supposed 
connexion with 1. /igdre, to bind. 
Allegory. (L.—Gk.) XVI cent. L. 
allegoria,= Gk, dddmyopla, a description 
of one thing under the image of another. = 


place. Cf Allow (1,. 

Allocuti an address. L.) From 
L. allocitid, an address. L. al- (for ad), 
to; loculid,a speaking, from Jocitus, pp. 
of logui, to speak. 

ial. (Late 1..—O. Frankish.) Late 
L. allddidlis, from allédium, alédium, a 
derivative of a/édis, a free inheritance 
‘Lex Salica). It means ‘entirely (one’s) 
property,’ from O. Frank. a/ad ; where ai- 
1s related to E. a//, and éd signifies ‘ pro- 
perty’ or ‘wealth.’ This O. Frank. ad is 
cognate with O.H.G. do, A.S. dad, Icel. 
aubr, wealth. Cf. Goth. asdags, blessed. 

Allopathy, a treatment by medicines 
which produce an opposite effect to that of 
disease. (Gk.) Opposed to homeopathy, 
q:v.—Gk. dAdo-, for dAdos, other; and 
arte to suffer; see Alien and oo 

lot, to assign a portion to. (F.— 

and E). A.F, tilete A. F. a, from L, 
ad,to; and M.E. /ot, A.S. hlot; see Lot. 

(1), to assign, grant. (F.—L.) 
F. allouer, to let out for hire, assign for 
an expense. Late L. allocdre, to allot. 
L. al. (for ad), to; and Jocére, to place, 
from Joctes, a place. 








ALTERCATION 


oL. aker, other.—L. al- ‘as in al-ius’; 
with comparative suffix -/ero-. 

altercati a dispute. ‘F.— Ly 
M.E. altercation. =O.F. altercation.=L. 
allercitiénem, acc. of altercatid.= L. alter- 
<alus, pp. of astercari, to dispute, speak in - 
turns. L. alter, other, another. 


ternate. ‘L.) Lz. alterndtus, pp. . Mase. 


of alternare, to do by tums.<L. alter- 
nus, 
“Although. 
'E.) M.E. al thogh; see! 
Already and ‘Though. 
Altitude. ‘F.-L.) XIV cent —F. 
a =~ L. altitudo, height.—L. altus,! 
i 
‘alto, high voice. (Ital.—L.) Ital. alfo. « 
a altus, high. 


| bassador, 
; Late L.-C. 


AMBITION ; 
: Amatory. <L.) L. cmatérizus, loving. 


* SL. amdtor, a lover. = L. amére, to love ; 

with suffix -/or-, -tor, of agent. 

Amaze, to astound. VE.) M.E amasen. 
A.S. dmasian, pp. amasod; Waulfstan'’s 
Hom. p. 137, L a3. From A.S. 4- 
gt and *masian, to perplex. See 


a female warrior. (Gk.) Gk. 


reciprocal.= L. alter (with suffix : dua(éw, one of a warlike nation of women 


in Scythia. @ To account for the name, 
: the Greeks said that these 
‘ the right breast to shoot better; from Gk. 
4-, not ; and pa(és, the breast. Obviously 


an invention. 


ambassade, an embassy; prob. borrowed 


together. (E.) M. Ls al together, icon Ital. anbasciata.— Late L. ambascia 


See Alread, 
for others ‘Ital. — 


quite tuvether. 
Altruism, regard 
L.; with Gk. sufi) Coined from Ital. 


(Lex Salica) ; more correctly *amdbactia ; 
: & mission, service. = L. ambactus, a servant, 


j emissary : Ceesar, de Bell. Gall. vi. 15. 


altrui, another, others, a form of a/fro,:The L. word is borrowed from an O. 


another, when preceded by a 
Orig. a dat. case. L. alferi huic, to this | 


es datives of alfer, other, and 4ic, 


Alum. ‘'F.-L.) M.E. alum.a0O. F. 

“Ale Se alware (Ey Se alk 
we; ways. (E.) 

an... oe Al 


Amain. ‘ES For on main, in seeagtt, 
with strength ; see A- (2) and Main, 

+ Amalgam. ( (F. or Late L.—Gk.?) F. 
amalyame, Late. L. amalgama, a mixture, 
esp. of quicksilver with other metals. 
Origin unknown; said by some to be a 
corruption or an alchemist’s anagram of 
malagma, « mollifying application; per- 
haps with Arab. a/ (=the) refixed. ok 

yua, an ceaolients GK. paddgoey 
ie *paddx-yav), tosoften. = Gk. paraxds, 
soft. 

Amanuensis, one who writes to dic- 
tation. (L.) L. dmanuensis.=L. d mani, 
by hand; with soffix -evssis, 

Amaranth, on unfading flower. :L.— 
Gk.) Properly amarant, as in Milton ; 
but -anth is due to confusion with Greek 
dy0s, a flower. = L. amarantus. = Gk. 
dyudpayros, unfading, or as sb. unfading 
flower.—Gk. d-, not; and papaivey, to 
fade. (o/MER. 

s, to p up. (F.—L.—Gk.) 

F. amasser, to heap up.=F. 2 masse, into 
amass,<L, ad, to; massa, a mass,—Gk. 
pa{a, a barley-cake. See Mass (1). 


preposition. | Gaulish (Celtic) word \ambactos ?) a slave, 


lit. one driven about, a pp. form from 
ambi-, prefix, about, and the verb ag-, 
cognate with L. agere; cf. O. Irish inem- 
agim, 1 drive about, send about. (Fick, 
1894, ii. 34; Bi . ii. § 79.) Ch W. 
amacth, ah man, 

Amber. .F.-Span. net) fates 
aumbre. = F. ambre. 

Arab. ‘andar ete pron am- 
bergris, a rich perfume. The resinous 
amber was so called from a resemblance to 
ambergris, which is really quite a different 


substance. aes 
ambergris, i.c. gray amber. 
amber in Milton, P. R. ii. 344. The 
ete grays is from O. H. G. gris, gray ; 
is, hoary. 

‘Amba. Amb, prefix. (L.)_ L. améi-, 
about ; ef. Gk. dy@i, on both sides, whence 
E. prefix amphi-. Related to L. ambo, 
Gk. dupw, both. Cf. A.S. ymé, Irish im, 
about. 

Ambient, going about. (L.) L. amé- 
tent-, stem of pres. part. of amé-ire, to go 
about, from ire, to go. 

Ambiguous, doubtful. (L.) L. amé- 
igus, doubtful, lit. driving about (with 
-ous (=L. -osus) in place of L. -#s).—L. 
amb-, about ; and agere, to drive. 

Ambition. (F.—L.) F. ambition. L. 
ambitionem, acc. of ambitéd, a going round, 
esp. used of round to solicit votes ; 
hence, a seeking for preferment.<L. aasd- 


Wa 




















APPEAR 


Sronm oppelere. wo Arie wu, seciue towers. 
fe-4rt. we Se. 

pear, ems Te F.—-L 
Mob. apyerin UF. ager-, ork BATE tt 
A opt ey afere A Ce FL cpcrtar. 
ees ww erp sel. srpéra7eelL of- 


fra. tog fae of te: 


he ad, “+. Sirs parere, v9 cme © 
Bye. wien parvere. CL 
¥-L, M. &L apesem, 


apusn m AY. ufeeer, oftivr, .¥. 
apeur F apaiser , 2. xagwa prate 


OF ee @ fai:.ty a panel a 
fuem 2 yan. Soe Peaes. 
ellant. $.-L, F. afye.:cnt, 
pia. yp. of afpeller, OF. opcier, tw 
ayes. we Appel 
Ay *. attach. “F.—L. Formerly 
aby, 4b. aprnden, to periaia t1.<G. F. 


afendre.*4 cryt.7 wae L. appendire, fr 


J. appendere, wy hang to or apo..mL. ap- ad 


‘far al 0; penkire, 


as aliitim “LS L. 


appentiz.a.. a, pongo to suspend upon. 
aL.ap fora ae pendére,*o weigh. 
F.-L) M.E. aper- 


tenen, @ . afartenir ‘F. appartenir,, 
ty teiomy to. LL. ap- ‘for ad), to; per- 
lincre, rg Se Pertain. 
; ppetite. F.—-L) 
~ 6, 
uprm.’ = LL. appelere, to attack. @ L. ap- for; 
ad), to; petere, to setk, attack. 

laud. (Lj 
appland.= 1. ap- for ad), at; plaudere, to: 
applacd, pa fi eds, 


aA pp. 

‘Ey ie E. appel. AS. “ppl 
nb Du. appel Icel. eee riba rcrely 
Dan. abi G. affel; 1. 
ubhal ; ‘ afal ; hie "ablobe Lithnan, 
obolys, Origin unknown, Some connect 
it with Abella io Campania; cf. Verg. 
Fa. vii. 749. 

Apply. ‘F.-L) M. E. aplyen. =O. F. 
aplier.=1\.. applicdre, to join to, tum or 
apply to.—L. af- ‘for ad), to; plicare, to 
fold, twine. Der. appli-ance ; also appls- 
yf ae (F, tase i 

Appoggis sdb orarigiel sears, (RIE 
tune prefixed, as a support, to an essential 
note of a melody. (Ital.—L. and Gk.’ 
Ital. appoggiatura, lit. a support. Ital. 
ah gKtare, to lean upon. Ital. ap- (for 

ad}, to, upon ; poggio, a place to stand or 
lean on, &c. . ad, to; podium, an cle- 
vated place, a balcony, om Gk. sddur, 
See Pew 


O. F. appetit. 


situs, an appetite ; lit tassanlt . ‘Cot 


L opplaudere, to! 
Der. applause, . 


7 F.-L OF. efpevtamec. 
i oe te Fo ‘pat for « before 
& incre of L ef <as , to; portion, 

: set Portion 


presumed 
peresexcacives of compounds of L. pier: 
tet ceally formec on F. feer om L. 
Pausare. Se: Pose 
| oe . suitable ; 
Pp. Of afpomere, Spel me 
, to; piwere, to jot. See Position. 
i (F.-L. ME. efvaisen, 
to value =O. F. *apreiser ‘cf O. F. afre- 
Roquefort,. prefix ; 
preiser, to valte, from preis, value, price. 
=-L od, at: pretium, a price. 

jate. L.) From pp. of L. 


“appretidre. to vaine at a pricemL. af- 


(fot ad , at: pretium, a price. 
Apprehend. (F.—L) F. 
‘ Te aoe orig. to lay hold 
aa grin , to at; prekendere, 
to grasp. 
Suse: F.—L.) O.F. eprentis, 
nom. of aprentif (see ‘Godefroy, av. 
aprentic:. The O.F. kiss aprentif, 
nt Late L. 7a; positon pom., 
and *apprenditicum, acc., from a Late L. 
*apprenditus, used as @ pp. of L. 
apprendere, to learn, short for L. afpre- 
hendere. to lay bold of ‘above). 


to inform. (F.—L.) From 
ri SEE sb. aprise, information, teach- 
O.F. aprise, instruction. =O. F. 


appris, apris, pp. of aprendre, to leam.— 


L. apprendere (above). 
A (F.-L.) M.E cer a 
oe . = O. F. aprochier, toa 


appropiare, to draw near to (Exod. iii. 
i“ ppxonaninns | to; prope, near. 
m. (F.—L.) F. afproba- 
ie fa acc. afprobationem, approval.= 


L. approdatus, pp. of approbare, to approve. 


See peat 

A te. (L.) From pp. of L. 
appropriare, to make one’s own. =L, 
(for — to; proprius, one’s own. 








ARCH- ARGENT 


Arek-, prefs, chick 1.—-Gk) The’ principal, and Lat trodes, acc. of treis, 
fas: rch is de WAS. re, ,as merce-'ateam. See Preve. tn 
bicep, a= whlisiony, toO. F. arcte-,' Archives, s. pebic bacon 
as ix arche-diacre, an axchdeacn. This eee 
fam was varowel from L. azchs-=Gi. cocds are kept. F.—L.—Gk) era 
éyxt-, as is dpys-eviswoscs, an archbishop. . chzf. pl archives; CoreL arvckinum, 
Gi dyes, wo be Ere, to rule; ch Gk. archium.= Gk. épysior, a public building, 
dy h, begizzicg. Der. arch-bizhop, arck- | rescence of magistrates —Gk. dpyy, a 
deacon, kx; in arch-angel. the ch- ner es 
tema? tard ‘as & im the Komance i —-L.-—Gk) ME etik.- 
langeages, on account of the following a. ; O. F. bose F. entigue.=L_ evcticus. 
Cf. Ital. arcanzelo, Span. arcangel. ’ Gk. dperiecs, tear the constellation of 
. Ge, Gk dpyauodoyia. | the Bear, northem.=—Gk. dperes, a beat. 
—Gk. dpyaics, ancient, which is from Cogzate with L. avsus; se Uresine. 
begining ; asd the sufhx -logy,. Der. amt-arctic. 
Gk. “Aeyia, due to Adzos, discoune, from Ardent. F.-L\ XIVeest. ME 
Aéyur, to speak. | ardaunt.—O.F. ardent, pres. part. of 
archaic. Gi, Gk épxaieds, antique, ° arire, to tameaL. pth vipa acc, of 
Latoadnte = Gk. dpxaios, old. = Gk. dpxs, | pres. pt of avaére, to tam. 
i ardour. (F.—L.) OF. evdewr,arder, 
* arohato ‘Gk., Gk. dpxaiopéds, an | heat.=L. ardérem, acc. of erder,a bam- 


anti Gk. dpyaifes, to: ing. fervour.—L. avdére, to burn. 
Spel agency = Gk. dpyaios, old oli| Arduous. (L) L. endu-ms, steep, 
‘above, difficult. high; with suffix -eus.4Irish ard, 
Archer. ‘F.-L) M.E. archer. = | high ; Gk. dp0cs, upright. 
A. F. archer; O. F. archier, a bow-man. pres. pL verb substantive. 
Late L. arcdrius, a bow-man; from} E, O. Northumbrian eves, O. Merc. 
arcus, a bow. | carun, as distinguished from A.S.{ Wessex) 
the original type. (F.— | sit, sind, sindom. Cf. Icel. ev-s, they are. 
L.— Gk., F. archetype, ‘a principall From the Tig. WES, to be : from whence 
type ;’” Cot. o-L archelypum, the original | also are Skt. s-anti, Gk. elo-iv, L. s-unt, 
pattern. — Gk. dpxérvwov, a model; neut. | G. 5-ind, Icel. er-s (for “es-e), they are. 
of épxérvsos, stamped as a model. = Gk. an. O. Northumb. am, O. Merc. cam, 
Gpxe- = dpys-, prefix (see Archi-); résos,| A.S. com.4Skt. as-mi, Gk. el-i, Goth. 


a type. . tm, Teel. e-m ; &e. 
i-, prefix, chief. ‘L.—Gk.) L.. art. O. Northumb. ar6, O. Merc. ear8 ; 
archi-, for Gk. dpyt-; see Arch-. A.S. cart (with ¢ due to -¢ in sceal-t, shalt, 


hese Gk) Larché- | &c.’. cel. est, ert. 

mandrita, a chief or principal of monks,| is, A.S. is.4Icel. es, later er. CE also 
an abbot.=Late Gk. dpxipardpirys, the | Goth. and G. is-¢, Skt. as-ti, Gk. éo-ri, L. 
same.<Gk. dpxi-; chief; pévdpa, an en- | ¢s-¢. See also Be. Was. 
closure, fold, afterwards a monastery. See| Area. (L.) XVI cent. L. area, an 
ete Madrigal. open space. ‘ e 

arc. 0, Chief sea, i.e. Aegean| Areca, a genus of palms. ort. — 
sea. Ital.—Gk.) Ital. arcipe/ago, modified | Canarese.) Port. areca. = Canarese adiki, 


to archipelago. — Gk. dpxi-, chief; and | adéke, areca-nut; 7 substituted for 
wéAayos, sea, the cerebral d (H. H. Wi ). Accented 
architect. (F.-L.—Gk.) F. archi-| on the first syllable, 


tecte.mL. architectus, a same as archi-| Arefaction; sce Arid (below). 
tecton. —Gk. dpxirécrew, a chief builder| Arena. (L) L. arzna, sand; the 
or artificer. = Gk. dpy:-, chief (see Archi-) ; | sanded re ag in which siete fought. 
vierew, a carpenter, Orig. havi cf. Sabine 

architrave. (F. ~Ital.- L. and Gk.) Asgent. ( (P.-L) White; in ais. 
In Milton.—F. architrave.<Ital. archi- fa argent.mL. argentum, silver ; ie 
érave, the part of an entablature resting | its brightness. Cf. Gk. dpyvpos, sil 
immediately on the column. A barbarous Skt. aryuna(s), white. (4/ ARG, to thine} 
compound ; from Gk. dpxi-, prefix, ai, | Brugm. i. $§ 529, 604. See below. 











ASPEN, ASP 


Aspen, atree. .E) M.E asf, 
Chaucer, C. T. 2923; aspen is an adj. (like 
golden), and is used for asfen-tree; cf. Ch. 
C.T. 7a49. A.S. espe, aps. 4 Da. esp; 
Tcel. 559, Dan. and Swed. asp; G. espe, dspe. 
Cf, Lithuan. apussis; Russ. osina. 

perity. (F.-L) F. asfvrit’.-L. 
asperititem, acc. of asferilas, roughness. = 

L.. asper, rough. 

Asperse, to cast calumny upon. (L.) 
From L. aspersus, pp. of aspergere, to 
besprinkle.=L. as- (for ad) ; spargere, to 
scatter. 

Asphalt. (Gk.) Gk. dogadros, dogpaa- 
voy, asphalt, bitumen. A foreign word. 

Asphodel. .Gk.) Gk. dopdderos. a 
plant of the lily kind. Der. daffodil, 

wv. 
es ia, suffocation. (Gk.) Gk. d- 
opugia, a stopping of the pulse; cf. d- 
opveros, without pulsation. —Gk. d-, not; 
and opufis, the i se, from opefey, to pul- 
sate; cf. opvypds, pulsation. 

ire. (\F.—L.) F. aspirer, to breathe, 
covet, aspire to. — L. aspirare, lit. to breathe 
towards.=L. a- (for ad’, to; spirdre, to 
breathe. Der. asfir-afe, v. to pronounce 
with a full breathing. 

Ass. C.-L.) ME asse. A.S. essa. 
Irish assan.—L. asinus; whence also 
W. asyn, Swed. dsna, Icel. asné. Hence 
also (or from L. dimin, ase//us) came Irish 
asal, Du. eel, Dan. and G. esel, Goth. 
astlus. Prob. of Semitic origin ; cf. Arab. 
atdn, Heb. a/hén, a she-ass. 

Assail. (F.—L.) M.E. asailen.=O.F. 
asaillir, to attack. Late L. assalire; L. 
assilire.=L. ad, to; salire, to leap, rash 
forth. See Salient. 

Assart, the offence of grubbing up trees 
and destroying the coverts of a forest. (F. 
—L.) From A. F. assarter, F. essarter, to 
grub up, clear ground of shrubs.=L. ex, 
out, thoroughly: Late L. sartdre, frequent. 
of L. sarrvire, sarire, to grab up uit 

Assassin, a secret murderer. (F.— 
Arab.) F.assassin. From Arab. hashdshin, 
pl. eaters of ‘ hashish,’ the name of a 
sect in the 13th century; the ‘ Old Man of 
the Mountain ’ roused his followers’ spirits 
by help of this preparation, and sent them 
to stab his enemies, esp. the leading cru- 
saders.—Arab. fashish, an intoxicating 
Preparation from the dried leaves of Can- 
nabis indica, a kind of hemp. Cf. Arab. 
hashiy, dty. 
it. (F.—L.) O.F. assalt.=L. 

2 


eg 


ASSOCIATE 


ad, to; salfus, a leap, attack, from saltus, 
pp. of salire, to leap. See Assail. 
oH same as Essay, q. v. 

Assemble. (F.—L.) O.F. assembler. 
= Late L. assimudlare, to collect (different 
from L. assimulare, to feign).=—L. as- (for 
ad), to; simul, er. 

Assent. (F.-L.) 0. F. assextir.oL. 
parle to assent, to. =L. as- (for 
ad), to; sentire, to feel, perceive. 

Assert. (L.) From L. assertus, 
of asserere, to add to, claim, assert. 
as- (for ad), to; serere, to join, connect. 

Assess, to fix a tax. (F.-L.) O.F. 
assesser.= Late L. assessdre, to sit as as- 
sessor, to assess; cf. L. sb. assessor, one 
who adjusted taxes; orig. a judge’s assis- 
tant, one who sat by him.—L. assesses, 
pp. of assédére, to sit near. See Assise (1). 

, sufficient effects of a deceased 
debtor. (F.—L.) O.F. assez (pron. assefs), 
sufficient (to pay with); properly an adv., 
but, in E, mistaken to be a pl. sb.a2 L. ad 
satis, up to what is enough. 

te. (L.) L. asseuzratus, pp. 
of asseuérare, to speak in earmest.=L. as- 
(for ad}, to ; seudérus, earnest. 

Assiduous. .L.) L. assidu-us, sitting 
down to, applying closely to; with suffix 
-ous.—L. asstdére, to sit near. L. as- (for 
ad;, at, near ; sedére, to sit. See Sit. 

Assign. (F.-L.) 0. F. assigner.=1. 
assignare, to assign, mark out to. L. as- 
(for ad), to; signdre, to mark, from signsm, 
a mark, sign. 

i tte. (L.) From pp. of L. as- 
simtlare, to make like to. = 1. as- (for ad), 
to; stmelis, like. See Similar. 

i (F.-L.)  F. assister.@L. as- 
sistere, to step to, approach, assist. L, as- 
«for ad', to; sistere, to place, stand, from 
stdre, to stand. 

Assize (1),a session of a court of justice. 
(F.-L.: M.E. assise.—O.F. asstse, an 
assembly of judges ; also a tax, an impost. 
Probably fem. pp. of O.F. asseotr, to sit 
near, assist a judge.=L. assidére, to sit 
near ; see Assiduous, Assess. 

assize (2°, a fixed quantity or dimen- 
sion. (F.—L.) O. F. assise, a tax, impost; 
the Late L. assisa was also used in the 
sense of a fixed allowance of provisions. 
The same word as the above. Another 
form is Size, q. v. 

Associate. (L.) From PP of L. as- 
soctdre, to join to.—L. as- (for ad-), to; 
Soctdre, to join, associate.—L. socius, a 

8 








AUTHENTIC 


Asthentic. 7.-1.-%, WE = 3 


lente cerniih mF. caceniicm acer 


estrenicine (OS... sadtemice: 
“gta. Write Woe me Eviers c82 
sat st herrea. wouie x, B1t- 
sate. o's there. ae re eS 5 
we, wet cscgs wrk a ver fact, a 
we Ate BP. Gr. rea 
alent we LL coms 


Swileerees . 
‘Le germ ome 





Farvs. 1.. amtivem, wi. “f ouctor. 12 
HBiaed, le tee. greewele lL. 





augire *1, crn Cf Auction 
to, pein (Ge. Gn. re, tem 

ho wyrn, wel. Der. auto liegraphy, 2 
Lieggayhy writen by cnmel ‘ur Bin 
graphy, ; autograph. virriing it ant 
orat, bastwreing, from Gk. yphgaw, 
writs ‘ve Grephic,. ue ince 

autocracy. ‘(k, A nit 
sofix -cy fa Ox 104, frran . abre 
apiren, VAs: prwes. eG, abro-, elf; 
caphraa ‘in ompamls,, power, frna 
apariay, ty role. @ Gk. apart, strong; 
onnat: with E. Hard. 
e automaton, 

Boy 
wlf-moving. Gk. abré-, fur abr, self; 
and -yarn, cognate with Skt. matd:, 


thought, considered, known, pp. of man, | 


to think. 44/MEN., 


autonomy, well -government. ‘Gk.) | 


Gk. abrovoyia, indepemlence. = Gk. priat 
vown, free, living by one’s own laws. @ Gk. 
abrs-, wif; and vopn, 
I plat vipew, te distribute. 
sonal inspection. (Gk.) 

Gk phish icing wineae ‘5 Own eyes. 
=k. abro., lf; Shs, sight (see Optic,. 
Auto-da-fe. ‘Port. -L., Lit. ‘decree 
of faith ;’ a judgment of the Inquisition, 
also, the execution of such judgment, when 
the decree or sentence is read to the 
victims. Port. auto, action, decree; da, 
short for de a, of the ; /é, faith. [The Span 
form in aulo de fh without the article 
Ja Vort. ajel. actum, acc. of actus, 
act, decd ; d¢, prep.; illa, fem. of tlle, he; 
haem. ace. of, dés, faith. 

Au (F, -L.) M.E. autumpne. 
=().F. autompne, =1.. autumnus, auctum- 
nus, autumn. (Perhaps allied to axgére, 
to increase.) , 

(Ly 


L. auxtlidrius, 


a wlf-meving machine. . 
Gic, abréparoy, newt. of abrépara, | 


law, from vépopas, | im 





ment <¢ sow ms: z iiacaede 

www: ter chs semse was 
Ql doe ee F. ee. Jowrward, 
‘ey, the valer e@F. s =L af, 29; 





eal. tale, from Lo aslew, asx. cf melis, a 
TALLEY. 

Avarice. ¥.-L. ME. aasvie 
‘wit hat, F. ecsria.@ L. emarisia, 
grevizen. = L. cudru:. grcecs; cf L 


eeny.= L. aucre, 20 desire. 
gop, bod fast. De - hoes 
ca:t, houd cait, bold fast. De. tom, short 
form of houd, impsr. of hewcen. to hold 
we Hold); acd vast, fas. (see Fast’. 
Avatar. ‘Sit. Ske avviara, descent; 
hence, the descent of a Hincu ceity m 
incamate form.= Skt. ava, down ; and fri, 
to pass over, pass. 

vaunt, texgone! (F.—-L AF. 
,avaunt; O.F. avant, forward! See Ad- 


vance. 

Ave, hail. ‘L.) Short for Auz Varia, 
hail, Mary” (Lake i. 28,.—L. axz, hail! 
. sing. of auzre, to fare well. 

(F.—L.) _ O. F. avengier, to 
avenge. =F.a (L. ad, to; vengier, to 
avenge, from L. uindicare, to lay claim 
y= $0, to avenge. See Vindicate. 
ventail, the mouth-piece of a visor. 
(F. prem A. F. aventaille ; O.F. esventail, 
air-hole. —O.F. esventer, toexpose to air. = 
L. ex, out ; uentus, wind. See Ventail. 

Avenue. (F.—L.) F. avenue, advenue, 
access ; hence an approach to a house (esp. 
one shaded by trees) ; fem. of avenu, pp. of 
F. avenir, to come to.= L. ad, to; uenire, 
to come. 

Aver. (F.—L.) A.F.and O. F. averer. 
=Late L. auérare, aduérare, to affirm to 
be true.=L. ad, to; sérus, true. 

Average, an equalised estimate. (F.) 
Formerly a duty, tax, impost; then, an 
extra charge on goods, the incidence of 


autdu:, 


32 




















BANGLE BARBAROUS 


fa . ae ee cviuuceres as fani-Zay. ome wrapped im 
with thice  s: B bants: 2 wet double 








same. Verbs; a : 

Bank 1 .= =e: Bb. Scand. s 

M. Eb. funk. @ ©, Sand “tanke, orig. art. a i 
form of Teil. ¢aéad, ége. eminence. Vana vex . 2 chilé begoteen ow a beach,” 
of a river; cf. Dan. é2kie, Swed. Azrke. = che marriage-Ded Mabe. CE 


lank ; whence also Norms: F. fanyue, a bank 252 
bank. ‘Tect. stem “ankon-. CLO, sez. Banyan, a tree. Port—Skt> As 
and Du. dank, O.U.G. fama, Aor. bene, big i 
a bench ‘sce Bench . 
2,, for wuuev. F.—Teu'. t - 
be ue, @ MoUey- chanzer's table or beuch. them; vee Siz T. eral Travels. ed. 
. Du. éanck, M.H.G. tant, « leuch, It, prp. 31. Ege Coot daatly an Indien 
aie. See above. ene tee Skt banij, a merchant. 
bankra F.—Ita. - ‘Seu. and Baobab, atree. African, The native 
1.) Modified from F. danguerente, bank nzme in Senegal Adanson . 
ruptey, by a knowledge of the relation of Ba ptize. —L.—Gk) 
the word to L. a Ae broken. Ital. danca Formerly baptize ; MLE. Foek fisen. =O. F. 
rotta, a broken bank, due to the money. 4aptiser,< 1. baptizdre.mGk. Bawvifer; 
changer's failure. MLIL.G, dane, a bench from Basray, to dip. Der. ‘ba , Gk. 
(see abuve,; and L. rupta, fem. of ruptu:, Bawniorhs, a dipper; baptism, Gk. Bawnie- 
pp. of rumfere, to break. ‘pe, Bawriopos, a dipping. 
anner. F.—Scut. M.E. danere., Bag, a sail. (F.—LateL. M.E. dere. 
a). tancre (supp. to Godeftuy, s, v. | !20.F. barre, o Late L. tarra, 0 bar. 
banicre,. a\s0 banicre.= Low 1, *handuria Barb ‘1 . hook onan arrow. (F.—L., 
Ducange gives dandéria,,a Lanner. = Low: F. barte. =1: tarba, a beard. Hence O. F. 
L. éamdum, bannum, a standard. From : flesche barbelde, ‘a bearded or barbed 
a Teut, ‘Langobardic, source ; cf. Goth. . arrow ;" Cot. See Beard. 
hurled, a sign, token.‘ exillum, quod : barbel, a fish. (F.-L.) MLE. dan 
fundunt appellant ; Paulus, de Gestis; belle, ,¥. barlel.¥. barbeau.—L. bars 
Langob. i. 20. Vrob. allied to Band (1, | de//us, dimin. of Aarhus, a barbel. =I. 
and Band (2,, barba, a \xard, ( Named from four 
banneret, orig. a knight who had beard-like aiieota yen near the mouth. 
men under his own Lanner. ‘F.—Teut.) | barber. (F.-1.) ME. derbour.m 
MLE danerel.@O.¥ banere'¥  banneret;;; A. ¥. barbour, with suffix -our = Lat. ace. 
lit.‘ banneted,’ OF, banere (above, ; with -dtorem; cf. O. I. barbier, 0 barber, 
puttix-ef 1. pp. dls. = F, darbe, a beard; from L. barba, 
Bannock, 2 cake. (.-1.7, Gel. inca 
hannach, a cake. Poth: ape from 1. pint-| Baxb (2,,a huge: (F.—Barbary.) F. 
cium, © thing baked ; from pini-s, bread. | barbe, a Barbary horse; named from the 


Banns pl. of Ban, qv. count 

Banquet. -F.—lal—Teut.) ¥.dan-| Barbarons. (L.—Gk. 1. barbar- 55 

yucteTtal. banchetto “Vorriano), a feast; | with suffix -os.=Gk. ik. BdpSapos, f foreign, 

alo a bench; dimin. of Saeco, a bench.= | it. stammering; a name given by Greeks 
28 




























































































































































COMPETE 


: frequent. of pendere, to 
meee 1. competere L, 
, )y - oie 


alter. 


competent. F.-L,) M. F, com- 
pelent ; orig. pres. ones , to er 
‘sufficient for. Lary competere, to be sufficient 
for.= L, com- (cum), with; fetere, to seck. 
D L.) L. competitor, .a 
riva candidate, — com- (cum), with ; 
ae from pefitus, pp. of petere, 


Compile, (* -L.) 0. F. compiler 


cate word taped fool pry loge seas 


en com-(cum), with ; pildre, to rob. 

























(F.-L) 0. F. com 
of ¢ indre.= Late L, 

=L. com- (cum), 
, to heweils lit. to strike, 


it. (L.) L. ee ppm 

Donbiel, complere 
let, compliment. re 

»(L.) L. completus, 


to fulfil. =L. com- (cum), 
tofill, Allied to p/é-nus, 


‘Complex. “i L. compiexus, en- 
; hence, intricate; pp. of 
“49 embrace. = L. com- (cum), 


of complére, 
cee 


eee 
of cambios a compreh com- 
body, complexion. = L. com- 
of complecti, to surround, 
com- (cum), together; plec- 


L. 
ate. ) 


From pp. of L. 
= commana 

together ; plicdre, to 

My t eae F complicit) 
| confederacy ;" Col.= 1, complice, a 
of. complicem, acc. of com- 

confederate with ; 





. Pocoyas - 


COMPREHEND 
Compliance, Compliant; formed 
with F, suffixes -ance, -ant, Som tis verb 

to comply, which, however, is not of F. 


; See 
it. (F. — Ital. -—L.) F 
iment. = Ital. complimento, compli- 
ment, civility.—Ital. complire, to fill up, 
to suit. L. complére, to fill up; see Com- 
plete. Doublet, a 
com, Wik ) M. E. complin, 
the last church-service of the day; it was 
orig. an adj. (like go/d-en from go/d), and 
stands for — song; the sh. is complie 
(Ancren Riwle).—O. F. complie (mod. F. 
rig » which is pl.), compline.—Late 
L. completa (se. Agra), fem. of us, 
complete; because it completed the ‘hours’ 
of the day’s service ; see Complete, 
comply, to yield, accord with. ee 
—L.) Ithas no doubt been sup 
be allied to ply (whence compliant, yy 
analogy with f/raxf), but is quite distinct, 
~|and of Ital. origin, Ital, complire, to fill 
up, falfil, to suit, ‘also to use compli- 
ments, ceremonies, or kind offices and 
offers;’ Tortiano. Cf. Span. compiir, to 
fulfil, satisfy.—L. complere, to fill mp; see 


| Complete. Cf. supply. 


yee voto a conspiracy; sce Plot (1). 
it, composing. (L.) 

Fim re stem of pres, pt. of oe Fe 

to compose. = L. com- (cum), together; 

fonere, to put. See Compound. 
port, to behave, suit. (F.—L.) F. 

se comporter, to behave.—L. comportare, 

to carry together. = L. com- (com), to- 

gether; fort@re, to carry. 

Compose. (F.— 1. and Gk.) F, 
composer, to compound, make; Cot, = 
F. com (L. cum), ther; and F. poser, 
to put, of Gk. origin, as shewn under 
Pose, Geant W. ong “oy from compound. 

F.—L.) F. compesi- 
+ BCC. promt hs ace. of com- 
fosttio,a putting together, =—L. compositus, 
pp: of L. componere; see compound. 
compost, a mixture. (F,—-L.) O.F. 
se ae a mixture. mae mp ae — 
of compositus, of com re (below, 
pigomak: fel) the d@ is ex- 
crescent; M. E. compounen. =O. F. com- 
ponre (Bartsch). =L. com , to com- 
pound, put together. = cont (ctom), 
ther ; ponere, ee su See Component. 
ghee 


Pa ha aay com am ge, together, and 
, to seize; see 


103 























[ORAL 


WAcNEIAcuss LL oerees, .. IF. mane, 
2 wee 

Germ, > - 2. 17. owe 
ee eet: eae 


me. e Note, 2. ipa 
agm en. Heh. gerice, 
aa vdcnay “Loi, -B Saifiment of a sew: 
‘rom pnw. h wawnear. CL Acab. gur- 
Ain, ens. 
F.-I. G.¥. corbel a raves, 

3 outoei <n aremitectare , Som te res 
ata ommecung cease. @ Veia-l. coriciium, 
Sor corvelum, ace. “4 corvelius, Comin. 
uf L. cormus, 3 raven. {& lamet Som 
earoesi. 1 casket fali Learn ‘¥. J 
L. :orincuda, tiem. Ah corbis, 2 base . 
Card. §.-L.-Gk. ME wrt. 
F. corde. Late |. corda,a thm rene; the 
same as L. chords. = (six. yophy, the string 
of 2 masca. wetrement. Der. cord-aze 
‘KF. cor 3 cordon '¥. cordon ; cord- 
-elier ¥. cordelicr, a voit A pe. aso 
a Gray Friar, who wel such atwist; from 
cordcler. a “WR ,- See Chord. 
Cerdial ‘¥.—I., F. cordial, heasty. 
@L. corts-, deck stem of cor, beast; with 
suffix -d/is; tex greks 

Corduroy, + -ibbel on corded 
sem. (¥.~S., V. corde du roi, a trade- 
same, inven'e’A in England; lit. ‘ king’s 
cord’! Sex Cord at\ Moyal. 
Cordwainer, stvemaker, (¥.— 
M.E. cordewaner, a wertker \n cordewant, 
ie. leather of Cendova, a), ¥, cordouan, 
Cordovan leather, oJ ate I. Cordoa, Con- 
dova in Spain ‘S.. Corduba.. 

Core, hard satre in fruit, &e, (F.—1.7) 
Etym. de 


Span.) r 


woe 
aw. 


faa. F.—L) O.F.core F.cor .abo-n, 
horny ing.=—1l. cormn, a hora; see 
Horn. 
corneas, horny membrane im the eve. 
1. L. cormes, fem of cormen:, boray.— 
L. corns. a hom. 
a shrub. Do —-L° M Da 


| kermelle, “the fruit of the comelie-tree.” 


Hexham ; cf. M. H. G. corneliboxm. comel- 
tree; Weigand. (Cf M. F.cornille, a cox- 
; nel-berry ; cornillicr, comel-tree. = Late L. 
corneli: -tree. L. cormems, a cor- 
nel-tree ; from the hard, horny nature of 
| the wood. = L. cornu, a horn. 


'¥.—L., Fosmerly cornaline. =F. corna- 
line, ‘the comix or comaline, a fiesh- 
coloured stone;’ Cot. Cf Port. corne- 


mulatal, Perhaps from ¥. cor, a| lina; also Ital. corniola, (1) a comel-tree, 


hom, also, a ean on the fort, callosity. & 
L. cornu, a horn, a hisny excrewence. 

2 Via J.-Gky FF. cort- 
andre.@\.. cortanlrum ‘whence A.S. cel- 
bendre., Gk. xopiavvov, xbpoy, cori 

Cork. ‘Span.-J..j; A ently from 
O. Span. alcorgue, a cork shoe, which 
seems to be an Arab, form allied to Span. 
plea bg the cork-tree, where a/ is the 
Arab. def. art., and corn-oque is formed 
from L. guern-us for *guercnus), oaken, 
adj. from 1.. guercus, an oak. Bat the 
bark of the tree was called, in Span., corche, 
corcho.=\.. corticem, acc. of cortex, bark. 
Hence cork is often derived from Span. 
corcho, though & for ch seems improb- 


able. 
Cormorant, « bird. (F.—L.) The ¢ 
fs excrescent. = F. cormoran; O. F. corma- 


| (2, @ comelian, b. so named because 
its colour resembles that of the fruit of the 
comel-tree (Schade).<Late L. corniola, 
i comel-berry ; cornolium, comel.= L. cor- 


coriander. | meus, adj. of cornus, acornel. @ Altered 


to carncolus in Late L. (Schade, p. 1379), 
carnelian in E., and carneol in G., from 
a popular etymology which connected 
with L. carn-, stem of caro, flesh. Cf. 
onyx = Gk. Sve, finger-nail. 

corner. ('.—L.) A.F.cornere; O.F. 
corniert.= Med. L. cornzria, comer, angle. 
= Med. L. corna, angle. = L. cornua, pl. of 
cornd, horn, projection ; taken as a fem. 


(F.—L.) M.E. cornet, a hom ; 
later, a troop of horse .who carried a cor- 
nette or standard) ; also an officer of such 
a troop.= F. cornet, cornetie, dimin. of F. 





















































































2 wf Co ee Ae 
a - age ae 
teatdsats aera TT 


OF teres ge 





ad - are ke 








BS non ee 
i eis wee Sd. 
ete itt Ate rages 
i > a Pr ao 


ow bee ee ee aed o. aie 





fo 4 id are ew. BL an 


Pte 6 Ta ae. em See =D ®t - 2 acm ou 











7 oe if usm oF am 
bewdala cia. ae a ae : xiuemeL 
oP ae a 1 ees ii Smee 1. aon 
wee: “Ale 4 Bee ees em tem r i. lame 


rie 


“a! a ye- 


wee wwe 





farren We fern aw gg tiyiw 
aan tf ve gover 4, Cate we. Th perize 
“see 


denyperta, 1 eye sas at 


« 4a hb perats ow). Ugarin: 








wy SU perare eae . rece: 32 
ee enw 8 BL 
da pases 0 he fa: 80h ae it ww, Simi: 


we 0 A he fare on Crap wh. Oe x car ee cpeeset ct. comer: 
Fd Aa de A a oh hl RV 
‘s.48 Bows oh pur able, Sern J. b- 
tpleael, te en Comte the, ette Ms 
pliers 
danpite, -;' rater Yt, Mob. 
defile rn deifil, Cay, ase. waen lore al. dues z. 
Sap wh. desfatum, ws. 1h déipetur. A ay crane L 2, Cowz; 
ssado nya ooh, deipectia:, yoy. A deiprcee, sean. 
We tergaw wh, dt sean, speere.toivn, Detach. ‘F.-laniG. F.dszier 
on Ayssine ty wnfawean.e F. dé. OF, deze Le diz. , 
Deapeil. (b b.. O.0 depailer FP. ayar; ¥. tache, a nail, tack; »e Tack. 
Mpunilier 4 texyen\.ob., déipoliare, to. Der. detachment. Cf. Attach. 
phurter wh, de, tuily, spoliare, to strip’ Detail, a small part. F.-L’ 0.F. 
A shethang, feet tpoltum, oil; see detail, ‘a peece-mealing, also retaile. cra 
Aya ; wlling Ly parcels ;° Cot.<0O. F. detailer. 
Deayond. ‘|... 1. dpondére, ‘1, 15; to cut into pieces. = O. F. de- L. de, 
priming fully, (3, to give uy, yield ‘hence, | down fully; sas//er, to cut; se Tailor. 
138 








































































































































































































FONAMBL UST FURTHEST 


ab 














erceny orig t furrow i wmg. oc the 1 
Ecuriw eA 5. favs. 8 now. 





dave of aieence 
ag iB ape - oss 






7 F : --eufe. Be eh IL. e7- aun. 
ol ets tan. oman el gutct ALS. (ar, permussion, «et Leave 
Si oS ESS: : : eit Beleve. Lief. 


Pemety: wt Promenty sine 











wer F.-L Le 
oo DF. ferment Leman. 
Somes. EX Vee orm. 
Met i: ‘ormn.. warm Lt. Sat. 










amsecrcg 





coe Se 







ap sce 

ea: “7 toll up a eat | F.-Aral  furtaer as the comp. - the name. 
Fosuasy yer far ice, Sertiel,:0 tou Lp tree . 
202 






























































tor, 














weer pe 
RoR Pam Me ster yeh 
~ 


meer cr owins ee Do ge Sar: 


a Pare 2a 
PY nec 

heim, oon 
Cd “pee eoyee 


weenie oP tram 





po teem 7E Se rime by 
ad rte Fee ny "yrem att 
“ eam 8 ees Oy swab 

4 
sen, syn o. 








vile, tn eae, 





| wtge 
Corlinmnm 'F  fe p grimace, 
“patel aee  Cae OL py 
Baobeag- fee 


see Grizzly. 
fe WPM ,temsie ED ALS. grils 
Voy gehmmr, Fran, grim. cernbie Formed with saffix -/ic ciike 
v nh ee ve (EB Vries. and from griz-am ct. t. gras. to shudder. E. 

rem fe gedtuhon, v1 \wagh malic Fries. griseltk, terrible, from grisen, to 
sunnd¢ Teriadhy (ier fron Wal. grima, shoéder. 4+ Du. afgrissselijk, horrible ; 
wns | of-grijuen, horror. 








1 abe 


> 





























4 SHit ff HO TEREM INT aus Een eH ay 
ia a 4 THE : all He FEU er if 
! Peer 3 i af =f ep eSsiet Hs lee ieekayal $a% 
eileai a nae sie HG eb dy iE 
aiuune HG sath ve opfalitenatc tes ty 
ihe aL a i ne Ete EMR 
« o Per. ee. +. S82: 
“tl iF tdi rat iss seal ill i. 
if INES ai seageege? 2 RAISE Es ilied icaigs 
ri Ha su H haber ay mat se atisels, 
3 é 2 Hu frilly 3 ai a a it eerie j 
Ce ers | j : 
; | ie el Tas pe unaans ; i 


once; but cf. O, 


: if Sea i ze qu: Hine 
ier lg fei ane sci inetll 














HARQUEBUS 
Sears ogee 


dpx-, base of dpmicew, to seize ; allied 
to L. rapere. See Rapacious. 


sce 
“y a worn-out 
(F.) A variant of M, F. Aaridelle, ‘a poor 
tit, leane ill-favored jade, Cot.; ie, a 


; from dare. 


Gk. «#épas, a hom. 


r 





. |G. Dan. Swed. Aast, 


HATCHET 
intoxi+ 


an 
in. 


eating drink. (Arab.) See Au 


the inwards of a pig, &c., for 4 
(F.—L.) From 0. F. Aastedet, meat roasted 


of coarse grass. J Not W. Aes, 
5 rs grt L.) L. hast 

qd. d= 
spear-like. = L. hasta, a spear. Allied 
to Yard (2). 

Haste, sb. (F.—Teut.) M.E. Aast, 
haste.—O.F. haste, haste (F. Adte),—W. 
Germanic rete bat violence; as in O. 
Fries. Jiaest (Richtoten, s. v. Aast),O. H. G. 
Aeisti, adj., violent; A. S. Adst, violence. 
Cf. Goth. Aai/sts, fem., strife. @] Du. Aaast, 

haste, are all borrowed 
from F. Der. Aaste, vb.; Aast-en, XVI 
cen! 

Hat. (£.) AS. Aet. 4 Icel. Aott, a 
hood, later Aattr, Swed. Aatt, Dan. Aat. 
Teut. type *hatfuz, m. If it is related 
hood, it stands for an earlier form 


M. EL 


° 


dek, fence, rail, . 
coop, rack, Teut. *hada, f. Prob. 
$0 as being lightly fastened with 
ahook. Cf. A.S. Aac-a, a of a 


pl. sb., a frame of cross-bars over an 
opening in a ship's deck ; Aatch-way. 
‘tch (2), to produce a brood by in- 
cubation. (E.) .E. Aacchen. + Swed. 
cha, to hatch; Dan. Aakkeduur, a 


dates 
breeding-cage, Origin unknown. 
, to 


Ha: (3), to shade 2 lines, 

each other. (F.—G.) F, Aacher, 
to also to hatch or engrave; s.¢ 
Hash. 


Hatches ; see Hatch (1), 
asmall ax, (F.—G,) F, 
dimin. of Aache, an ax. See 


AS 
































HOB HOIST 
whence the wine comes. It 


3 
& 
4 
f 
re 
Fl 
: 


aera Bast a jooed sick 
so . z 


a 
G Gs gen ie hy pops egies ms 3 
Cf. Lith. ‘as, a tamp of ; | to belong to am ml gy seared bette 
Latin, having the L, termination -v. But 


Fel 
° 
ct 
i) 
i 


|it is merely an invented term, used by 
head. a juggler (temp. James I) ee 
oe (2). s Sawn vest, s (F. ge ewe a's N.E.D. 
—0,H.G.) ‘Elves, Aobs, and 3 /CE L. socus, aA me ar bees Sanaa 
Beaumont and Fletcher, Thomas, | juggler, a trick » Yb, to trick, to 







walent hopp-le; frequentative of ‘receptacle’; as 
Dn. hodbelen ; sere hoppeln Ae ewe toes cannie-hod, estick 
bledehoy, 4 approachin, [ 3 see Hotchpot. 
manhood, (E.) Of unknown _ Hoe, (i.—G.) Formerly 4owe. = F. 
Prob. an invention for Aobdledy, | hone, a hoe; Norman dial. Aoc.—O.H.G. 
founded on Aobble (above), with the addi- | Aowwa (G. "haue), a hoe, lit. a hewer.— 
tion of Aoy, an suffix. The | O. H. G. Aouwan, to hew; see Hew. 
Scottish Aoy means ‘shout,’ both as sb. Hog. (E.) M. E. Aogge, ‘ maialis, est 
enim s carens testiculis;" Cathol. 
Hobby (:), Hob a toy like | Fane a 187. Cf. hag-sheep, one singe’ 
a horse, a favourite pursuit. | the first year. uncertain; prob. 
.—O. H. G. ption of M. E, from an A.S, *Aocg; ee ae in 
a w F. Aobin, ‘a hobby ;" ee Cod. Dipl. oisy gives Nor- 


isa variant of Aodim; see | man dial : Rene, a obs anceilha? lamb, a pig; 
Hob (a), C& Dobéin, a name for a| and Aogastre, a two- old sheep i but 
these are prob. from q Not borrowed 
from Com. hock, W. Aweh, a sow; for 


cer ere ean) Mogenend, (EOF in; for 
= hob-er-el), the hawke tearmed a | dog's but A eae he e name 
shoe nM, Dur Asidon nig along Sola caleaairs iegaand M. Di 
=-M. to toss, move a ox a ea ast. 
and down. Cf, Hop (r). * pcan gaits also Dan. oxhoved, Swed, ox- 


Bobgoblin; see Hob (2 Aufoud, a bogshead, but made to seem 
my al nea go ie e to mean ‘ coe 

Hobnob, Habna’ It eden, ‘oyden, a jin, 

at random. (E.) hab and (M. Du.) Formerly applied to pees 
nab, to have or not ‘to have ence lied | meaning a rustic. UP Da ‘heydon (De, 
Snes gary Seat heiden), 0 en Page psy: | 
Sr ear y Sl ition | Heathen, Dees 

to drink, a nt hosed together: fab | rowed from 


seh 
etalon ts hawt ned ia ore sre om Eno (M. Du.) The final ¢ 
A Sablon forme han, otto have is due to the pp, Acts, used for Aoised. 
Ch. willy-nilly. The ver is really foie; spelt Aye in 
Palsgrave. (Ct graft fot graf) = Da, 
Ay, Du. Aiysschen, to hoise ( ¥ sounded 
as E. long 2); ef. Dan. Aeize, Aisse, Swed. 


Bn! . 











= 


g 


i 


ao 
$ 


+ 


nl 


2 


fi 


J 


! 


? 
: 
z 


a 


HOP 


Fhe ae Sipe (E) bps gira 
: unauthorised ; ei 

Sir camel Crom A ethan hae 
| "Sionoue. (ai). Af domes 
. | L, Aonérem, acc. of honor, hones, honout. 


“-hood, -head, sufis. (E) AS. 
4 : » F 

had, state, quality; cognate with Goth, 
haidus, manner, way. Cf. Skt. Aéfu(s), 
a sign fie har mg. bw here ay cee ot 


| from &é?, to .§1 
Hoodwisk. (E) Te sake ave atvk 


oe ase oper ty Seeeee Nek WR 


Hoof. (E.) M.E. Aoof, & Phe 
apenas 
. ; Tent. t m, 
Allied to Russ. hopuito, Skt. capha, hoot. 
Hook. (E.) M.E. hob. A.S. yo 
Du. eek; also (with a-prade) Du, a 
Icel, Aakt, Dan. Aage, hake, A.S, 
Aaca, a hook. Allied to Hake. 
Hookah, Hooka, (Arab) Amb, 
3 ‘Boon’ P aa water-pipe er prenn 
1), a pliont strip of w or 
Oe iene i ao 
Band Pri, and 0. Fee ip oat 
(2), Whoop, to out, t, 
ome houpen, to shout, = 0. F. 
houper, ‘to boop unto ;" Cot. Of imita- 
tive origin; from deny ! inter). ; cf. Goth. 
Awipan, to boast. 
qf cough accom- 


Roopene.oowah, a 

Sayre a Aoop or convulsive n catch 
h) breath. (Formerly chin- 

opoe, the name of a bird, (F.—L,) 

iy » Aoope.—F. huppe, ap- 


confused with O. F. , another 
same sey x 


5 
ee 
fe 
E 
= 
: 
: 
z 








WW ots, 
Now 









ike cleavage. G. 
harvhteatle =", horm, hor: diem. a 
‘: mmeral, yrelding ‘tue ore; 
fous MM ufen ta decaize, blind, dazzie; 
fect Alinta, 
Hornet, > bint of large wasp. E. 
i ten ats rowvanding hum. ALS. 
Apr toa home mw ALS. horn. a aor, to 


oe 





a beth eed weve later conformed. Cf. 
10 Aeris hea oa hornet, lit. ‘hom- 
baneee 4 os pen hora, a trumpeter. | 


[feeb ha. Moti, horener, hornte, a: 
hetnet hav atasen, 9 wasy, from horen, a 


<+CSE 


am, «Wt os irame 22m lerwece. 





hos. eras SII U i wei-ramge os 
cmermeu, 302 Dost ste ‘*artwecz 


ee ents 


3 Lome. Lim 


Th errs: 


Swern 










. a 
~ CSREES: 


wud sumer, “USErMAT ‘it Jour Use wo. . 
or. agu-. “OF apa, luuT. TMTH?. “oO 


-Ousider. wuieu ‘a TeOPT uM. . (5Os:22F. 








e Jceptic. a? i 
Horrbie. *F.—u .2 ite 
mi. orrteus:, eatin iermsrs. 2D 


eau -eLow . 


horsid. 





sCfse fount 
tsa. “ay. 
Sserrere 







ot ine lar arocg2 


cerror. © iste. SC. 2 
“ON=R tear. leastre. 

fy. 9 lamed. ov anaivgy 
wna Fo words 2. mm Lo iormiwirs, 








TO muse rm nel. ere. cor wrriez. co 
mend OF Gert, 70 Mae. 
i lL. wr-gr.e Le 






. wre, 





Bragm. 3. 9 3:6, 
2 ML 2f encouragement. 


L. As ct trum L. “ortdteris:. comed 
trem lwrtutor. an z.courayer. = L. tert.ivi. 
to shevuraye: prob. ailied to L. dori. 
I arge, and ty E. Yaarn. 

Sculture,yarienicrgy. L. Cuvined 
trum L. dorti. sen. case uf fortes. 3 gar- 
‘den; .wéurz. cultivation: see Culture 
L. aortus ig uel to bk. yard 1. 








Hosanna, in expression of raise 
Gk. —Heb.” Gk. dewve. = Heb. 204: 


~dh ana. ae, we pray.= Heb. 2. 
saw: ‘fram yiska ; and md, a particle 
signifying entreaty. 

Hose. F., M.E. hose, pL hosen. AS. 
hosa, yl. hosan, hose, stockings. 4+ Du. 
hoot, Icel. hosa, Dan. hose, G. hose (whence 





4h 





HOUND 


host. So The words 
rs ee ™ mm 
piek, | caLate he "heghetnde™ ton eeepitan” 
ost ane: ostler. (F.—L.) ye 
5 his Aastel (above). ella 


ve| Hot. (E) M.E Aoot (with long 0). 


of Aosfes,| A.S. Adt, hot, Du. Aeef, Icel. ' 


Swed. Aet, Dan. hed, G. Aeiss. ‘Teut. type 
= | *haitos, Allied to Icel. Ati, G. Aitze, heat, 


large | Goth. Azife, fever; and cf. Goth. Aazs, a 


- 
— 


-_ 


5 
Pp 


Be 


itdlea, | torch, Lithuan. Aastra, heat. Der. heat, 
it. Birch, » (F.— 
Du.) ladgepodge is a corruption of 
ts. | Aotchpot, a confused medley.—F. Aochefot, 


=O. F. Aoste. | a medley.—F. hocher, to ¢; and fot, 


oF 
ef 


i 


R 
2 


H 


i 
if 


é 
Te 


- 
- 


z 
? 
pe 


a 


por (we Cot.). Imitated or 
M. Du. Astsfot (lit, shnke-pot), 
hodgepodge, beef or mutton cut into small 
=M. Du. Antsen, hotsen, to shake; 
; jo tae Cf. E. Fries. Aotjem, to shake. 
f Hustle and Pot, 


pati-, a master, an inn, (F,—L.) Mod. F. 


u 
& 


"i 


Thus | Ad(e, the same as 0. F. hostel; see 


master | Hostel. 
uss.| Hottentot, a native of the Cape of 


: 
i 


- 


| 


a 


. 


: 


i 
i 


+ 


ei 
: 


r 


z 


Bp 
a 
a 


3 


- 


2 


Cal 
m 
wn 


8} 
u 


~~ 


ie 


r,| Good Hope. (Du.) A name given them 
by the Dutch, in derision of their speech, 
which sounded like stammering, or a repe- 
tition of the syllables Aof and fot, Lx is 
Dutch for ‘and'; hence Du. ot en fof= 
orig. ‘hot' and ‘tot." Cf. M. Du. Aateren, to 
stammer, Du. faferen, to stammer, 


a host, army.=L. Houdah, Howdah, a seat fixed on 


ine 


; 


re 
i 


a | an elephant’s back, (Hind. — Arab.) Hind, 
y, | Aaudah,= Arab. Aawdaj, a litter carried 
; dae ane a seat placed on an elephant’s 


the| Hough, Hock, the joint in the hind- 
mf Pog: ppg el eed yp 


which | in man, the back part of the knee-joint. 


F 


= 


both | com 


= 


hy 


: 


i 
E 


| 


to|(E.) Now usually sock; formerly hough. 
M. E. Aough. A. 5. hah, the heel; Tent. 

a *Aanhos. + Icel. Ad-, the hock, in 
v. | Ad-sin, hock-sinew. See Heel. Hock is 
aja later form; and prob, arose from the 
ip. * h-sinew,’ spelt Adhsinw in 

L.| A.S., and , Adcne in O. Fries, 
>| (AS. Ar>x). See G. Aechse (in Kluge) 


obsid-,|and sce Hox. Der. hongh, yb.; 


4 
2 


behind 
- 


a 
to| Hound, « dog. () ALS. Aund. 
sit. | Du. , Icel. Aundr, Dan, Swed, G. 
L. | Aund, Goth, Aunds, Teut. type * 

;|m,. Allied to L. camis, Gk. eudw } 


host; see | «vrds), Skt. puan-, a dog; also to etl, 





247 



































trt-, not; cestants, ceasing, 


oe 


* Cot.—L. incident, stem of | ment 
Sar gulouns, to fall upon. = L, rm, 
ls er (h) be teint 
Incipient. | ipient-, stem 
of pres. pt. of suciferr, to =L. in, 
coun to lay hold of. See Capa- 
to cut into. (F.-L.) F. 
ae: ineisus, pp. of in-cidere, to 
cut into,—L. in, in; cedere, to cut. See 


(F.—1L.) Fi inciter, = 1. 
incifare, to urge on.—L. in, on; citdre, 


Cite. 
lean towards. (F. cay 


i 


to 
F. inchiner.—L. inclinare. = L. in, 
peo oer Leder Ai with E. 
1), q¥. 
Tate (F.— L) Se mani - 
ee enclos, PR a ce ny age 
inclitdere, = in, in; 
elaudere, to ar ae Clause. 
so a lit. unknown. (Ital.—L.) 
Ital. sncognife, unknown. = L. in-cagnifus, 
See Saein: yeu repay 
Income, gain, revenue. as 
that which comes in; reais fe : 
So also ouf-come, i.e. result. 
» (F.-L.) F. dnvcom- 
moder, to inconvenience, = L, incommmodare, 
rd Semen in, not; commoa'us, 


i delicate, dear, (E, 
ur deaseme | "weore ik 
pte alae rays and 


Hl 


i 


i 






From L, inelidere ae ron 
See 


INDEMNIFY 


can, I know (how); cf. Icel. Aunmigr, 


cease, frequent. of | knowing, wise. 


agp rowent (L.) L. incorpordtus, 
fp on pence form a ag 

5 mit th corpus, a body. 
(F.—L.) M.E, fneresen, 


. | encresen.m F. en (L.in); and A. F. ereiss-, 


stem of pt. of A.F, creistre, O.F. 
croistre (F. croftre), to grow, from L, 
creseere, to ae See Crescent. Der, 
increase, sb, aE EE 

it. (L.) #9 incrémentum, 


an increase, L, éw, in, used intensively : 
ens as in cré-tm, supine of crescere, to 
grow, with suffix -mrentwm, Cf. de-cre- 


"Tetwhabes (L.) From a po.cahiil 
incubdre, to sit on eggs to ha 
L. in, uv aes nee 


(L.) Ly dincndus, a night- 
mare, = L, én-cubdre, to lie upon (above). 
Inculcate. From pp. of L. in- 


euledre, \it. ta trend in, hence, to enforce 
by admonition. = L. ez, in; «i » to 
rasa son og 

(L.) From pp, of Late 


L, incu, , to blame upon.=L, 
in, soo Kg ta See Culp- 
able 


Incumbent. (L.) L. srcumbent-, 
stem of pres. pt. of sacuméere, to recline 
on, rest on or in (remain in) ; where 
*cumdbere is a nasalised form allied to 
cubére, to lie down. So also pro-cumbent, 
prostrate ; > ying back upon ; 
secur, to Tie under, yield to. 

Incur. (L) incurrere, to Tun 
ak in, upon; currere, to 


“inouralon. (F —L.) M.F. incursion, 
= L. imcursidnem, acc, of incursio, an 
inroad. = L. imcursus, pp. of incurrere, 
to run into, attack (above). 

Incurvate, to crook. .) From pp. 
of L. inewruare, to bend into a curve. = 
L. i, in; curware, to bend. See Curve, 


Indeed, ar. (E.) For im deed, i.e. 


in fact; see Deed. 
Indelible *,—1,) For sndeleble. 
, ‘indelible;' Cot.—L, 
amin tema clete snot; azlabilis, 
rerio from délére, to . See 


to make d 
—— 


from L, i 


‘| dL) ndomnsty, 














INNING 


ann, ady., within, indoors. A.S, én, 
— we tag sialic, tecloces 
inning. (E.) Properly 
or housing » from fv, vb., due to 
inn, sb. (al Ye Son oe at 
cricket, invariably used the plural, 
because the side which is aed consists of 
several players. 

in-born, (L.) L. svnedtus, in- 
born, = L, m, in; mdfxs, born; see Natal. 
Innocent. (F.-L.) F. innocent.<L. 


L, in-, not; macens, pres. pt. of nocdre, to 
Noxious. 
innocuous, (L.) L. trnocu-us, harm. 
“oS hee mea not; oueclré, 
Tnnovate, to introduce something new. 
take bow = of L. Ennoudre, to renew, 
in, inj mowus, new. See 
ethane, a indirect hint. (L.) Not 
© oe deme From L. innuendo, 
3} gerund 
towards tina = in, in, at; nudre, 
to nod. See Nutation. 
uoculate. (L.)_ In old authors it 
means ‘to engraft.'=L. tnocudétus, pp. of 
tnoculére, to engraft, insert a w=L. 
im, in; oculus, an eye, also a of a 
plant, See Ocular. 
Inordinate. (L.) L. fnordindtus. = 


L, i-, not ; ordindarus, ordered, controlled, 
of see And see 


ire ce amet 
ore sb., pa inguesta, om Late 
L, inguestus.—L, pp. of in- 
quivere, hema its = Lt into; 
to 
Vanquive, late spelling of Enquire, 
q. ve 


inquisition. (F.—L.) F. isi 
nag iy pene Bie ere 








jonem, a search | being 


INSTEP 
sectum, lit. *a thing cut into,’ i.e. nearly 
divided, from the = L. insects, pp. 
of insecdre, to cut = L. in, into; 
secre, to cut. See Secant. 

Insert. (1.) From L. insertus, pp. 

of inserere, to oH put in. —L. in, 

inj serere, to join, ‘See Series. 
Lh) F. mnsidieux, 


Parva de arya treacherous, = L. 

insidia troops of men who lie in wait, 

sist cumiing wiles, <3.. derlilire, tot Hate 

wait, lit, ‘to sit in.’—L. iu, in; sed@re, to 
Seden he 


‘eee (L) From pp. of L. in- 


sistere, to set foot on, persist.—L. im, in; 
sistere, to set, stand, from sfare, to stand. 
See State. 

Insolent. (F.-L.) M.E. insolent, 
=F. insolent, saucy.—L. tnsolent-, stem 
rs recat not customary, un unusual, inso- 
ent. L. anm-, not; so/ens, of 

accustomed, be w ae te 


solére, to be ) ns 
ayacay, to 

serve ; frequent. of inspicere, to look into, 

an it tm, into; specere, to look. See 


iSonpine. (F.-L.) O.F i 

—L. . F. ber ay 
M. F. inspirer (Cot.).—L. inspirdre, to 
breathe into,.—L. in, into; spirdre, to 
breathe. See Spirit. 

ite, to make thick. (L) 

From pp. of L. éespissére, to thicken, = 
L. i, in; spissus, thick, dense. 
Instance. (F.-L.) F. instance, ite 
stance, urgency;’ Cot.=<L. tns/antia, a 


near, urgency.=—L. instant-, stem 


into. L. ii 3, pp. of inguirere ;| of pres. pt. of rasfare, to be at hand, to 
see Inquest (above), urge. = L. iv, upon, near; sfdre, to stand, 

Insoribe. (L.) L. snscribere, to| See State. 
write in or upon; inscriptus (whence) Instead, (E.) For im stead, i.e. in 

[ =L. ten scribere, to| the place. See Stead. 
“Tuscrutable, Instep, the upper part of the foot 
be scrutin-| where it rises to the front of the leg. (E.) 
ee) ar inscrutable.—L.. in-| Formerly imstup and fnstep (Minsheu}. 
tn., not; scrifari, to Thee fore may Ue veld AS, 
as seen 

Bie so F. insecte, = L. in- yr heartnlees: Metros so ee 


263 


a 











INTERDICT INTERSPERSE 


Interdict, ) Law L. fnter-|L.)  F. interner,—F. interne, internal, 
dictum, a kin of excommuniaions rape within, L, iaferens, inward; from 
a adbappigh oo herealgeagy inter, and suffix «ans. See Inter-. 


to ne int (L.) CEL. O.F. Pores 
io parle a inter, between; | From L. infern-us (above); with suffix 
dicere, to See Dietion. Brom ko : oi 


@, -| Internecine, ly destructive, 

Ey SUP donee F heheh ick |G -rhe~ymeney beer porn 

ina interest money (Cot.),—L. | tivee=L. dnfernecio, utter sla nolL, 

, it is profitable 4p dpa . of | infer, thoroughly (see Lewis) ; and wecdre, 

Pls to kill, meen tes ion yr nu 

infer, among; romper See Inter- Gk re torpeliatvon, (Fel 
Easonoe. 


= L, 


curious word ; | #1 Sserpelitinr, of inter, lire, 40. drive 
between, to ‘Binder, spt as titer, 


pp. interess . 
crt Cate da Pipe Massin, Interpolate. (L.) From of L. 
and Ben Jonson.—M. F. Psa oo interpolare, to furbish up, patch int 
teressed, or touched in;' Cot.—L, fv-|late.<L. inferpfolus, interpolts, 
teresse, to concern (as above). Der.|up.=— L. inéer, in, between; folire, to 
0 or emai henpieP carether verb _ polish. ore fp 
tuterest, a t disinteress' Interpose, (/.— — F. — 
fer Sas: Somhenty nar: terposer, to put between. = 7 
» to dash one heel against the other | tween; i a on ai Pane 
Blount). O.F. Pentreferir, to exchange Interposition. (K =D.) By aeters 
=F. entre, between; ferir, to strike. ition. = L. ace. interpositionem,aputting 
Renata inter, between; ferire, to strike, .=L. interpositus, pp. of interpo- 
neré, to put between. = L. enter, between ; 
“Interior, (.—L) 0.¥. O. F. interiors= tSetiegtet wean. (rot Rs 
L. interidrem, acc. ter, comp, of terpret yee — . 
ducers, within. | Ja-terus itself was orig. | interpreten.—M.¥. inte inter. 
& comparative co hea Sain. Pa a pretari, toe - fuherpretsculend 
antara-, interior. roy thai inlerprés, an interpreter, properly an agent, 
in; ing see In. i. § 466 broker. The latter part of the word is 
t. From pres. pt. of —- allied to L. pret-ium, price; see 
La fe, to =L. mter, 
between ; tacére, to lie. ae (1). “Interregnum. (L.) Magee aor 
(F.-L.)  F.interjec- | between ; regrum, a reign, rule, from 
tion, an , a word thrown in to ete to rule. wad tre 
=L, acc. tnferiectionem, terrogate. (L.) From of L, 
cron eminent nem, interrogare, to question. = a 
— L. interiecius, pp. of L. intericere, to er rogdre, to ask. Seo Bogs! 


Interloper, anintruder.(Du.—F.—L.| Interruption, (F.—L.) F. incerry; 
ond Du.) Low G. and De. enterloper (Interruption. (FL) F. oreckieg 
(Brem. Wort.). Lit. ‘a runner between ;”| into. —L. interruptus, pp. of tnierrumpere, 
coined from F. entre (<L. inter), between ; | to break into, — L. saver, amongst; rwmpere, 
| Du. /ooper, a runner, from Joefen, to| to break. See Rupture. 
with E, leap ; see Leap. Intersect. (L.) From L. isvtersectus, 
Intermit, to cease awhile.| pp. of rnfersecdre, to cut between or apart. 
(L.) LL. dntermittere, to send apart, inter- | —L. infer, between ; secdre, to cut. See 
} pp. dntermissus.— 1, inter, between ; | Secant. 
re, to send, See Missile. Der. in-| Intersperse. (1.) shite apes 
F. intermission, L. acc, in-| spersus, pp. of rnterspergere, to 


from the amongst. = L. '. 
‘to confine within linsits. cr [eet pg anaes “| 


a 

































































- arepop erry beginning with 

a of 40 i 
Ash- Wednesday. E). The fast is in 
‘ing-time; the old sense is simply spring. 
E, dent, Jenten, AS. lencten, the spring; 
to be derived from /ang, 


Nemal a ees 


gt 








fi 


2, 
i 


i 

en 
Baten 7 
2 yy 
Freche: 
TP 
Elsiins # 


dest contraction ; 


oF 
=for the reason less that; wherein dp (for 
the reason) was soon dropped, and dis de 
coalesced into /est. Here is = less, adv, ; 


| and Oe is the indeclinable relative. 


suffix; see 


Lessee. (F.—L) O.F. desse ast) 


E ogee ater /arsser, to let go (lease). 


Lease (1). 
Lesson. (F.—L.) M.E. Jesson.=¥F, 
legon.—L. lectionem, ace. of Jectio, a read- 


H ‘* ; see Lection, Doublet, /ection. 


y see Less. 

Let (1), to permit. (E.) M.E defen, 
strong verb, pt. t. dat, leet, pp. daten, leten, 
A. S. d@ian, » pt. t. Ae, fort Ly eer) 
Du. daten (diet, gelaten) ; Tel. lata (lzt, 
fatinn); Dan. Jade, Swed. dita, Goth, 
fan (latist, ltans); G. lassen (dies, 
gelassen),  Teut. type “Avan, pt. t 
*lelét, pp. *hétanos, . f LED; weak 
grade PKp, whence E, Late. Brugm. i. 


§ 478. 

Let (2), to hinder. (E.) M. E. detten; 
A.S, Jettan, to hinder, make late, = A.S. 
lat, Inte, slow. Du. letéen, Loel. letfe 


Goth. /afjan, to tarry ; from the adj, Late. 
Teut. type */at-yan-; from */at-, slow. 
SS othei, dead! F.-L.; orL.) MF. 
| Y> (F.—L.s or ae 
fethal, * deadly ;* cone léthalis, for 
letalis, mortal. L, /étum, death, 

a age erg (L.—Gk.) 

=Gk. a forgetting ; 





















































z “yo derive Ital. 


2 


—* 
- 
— 


a 


take 


= 


= 


£ 


i: 


* a» 


E 
o. 
te 


iB 


ic 


MALINGER 


can, pt. t. macode, to make.4-Du. maken ; 
machen. Allied to Match (1), q. v. 
“Mal, re Son (F.—L.) F. mial.= 
L. malus, see Malice, 
green stone, (Gk.) 
| Named from its inten, which: pal 5 
that of mallow-leaves. Formed with 
suffix -ftés (Gk. urs) from paddy-y, a 
mallow. Mall: 


ow. 
5 Malady ~ (F,-L.) F. maladie. =¥. 
r abate- malacde, : cldcat) spelling malabde. 
Cf. O. Prov. malaptes, malatudes, sick. —L. 
male habitus, out of condition (hence sick, 
» ill); ef. made datens, sick, Matt. iv. 24 
Hany ing mate, badly, from ptr, 
| 3 ‘of Aabire, to have ; 
se enn 5 ae ge Not from 
aptus (. this would mean 


7 aoe, saucy. (F.-L.) O. F. 
mal apert,.<O. F. see's ill; ro 

open, also expert. ready, skilful. The 

is ‘badly expert,’ i.e. velechistea eke 

i badly ; eee skilful, confused 


Hoy egal ale p Mees 


malaria,» sieeauimicdion (Ital. — 
L. and Gk.) Ital. mal gr medges yen aria, 
bad air.—L. mala, fem. of ma/us, bad; 
+} and Ital. arta, air, which ts Late 


lit. | L. *dria, for dera, fem, of derivs, adj. 


3 


z 
F 


Po 
o 


E 
; 


= 


F 


= 
~ 


A 


F 
Hr 
Fe 
' 


E 
i 
E 


E 
é 


F 


i 


E 
é 


& 


‘ 


iH 


é 
2 


Fi 
i 


. | from dér, air. See Air, 
Male. (F.-L.) O.F. masle pa 
— F. mdle.—L. masculus, 

See Masculine, 

Malediction, a curse. (F.—L.) M. F. 
. | malediction, = L. acc, maledictionem, a 
curse. = L. ma/ledictus, pp. of maledicere, 
to speak evil of.=L. a adv, evilly; 
dicere, to speak. So also ma/e-facter, an 
ill-doer, from factor, a doer; from _jfacere, 
to do. So malevolent, lit. wishing 
.| ill; from wolent-, stem of wolems, pres. pt. 
of uelle, to will, to wish. 

, il will. (F.—L.) ME. matice. 

F. malice.—L. maiitia, badness. = L. ma- 


| das, bad. 

| unfavourable. (F.—L.) O.F. 

. | maling, tem, maligne (¥. matin), L. ma- 

a, ill-disposed, for *mali-genus, ill- 
like demignes for *deni-genus). = 

ay at, for malus, bad; gen-, base of 

gignere, to produce ; see Genus. 


iS See Fs molingrs, off anol, 





bow oi isso Toathsome (C Cor mal, 
badly; O. F. Aaingre, Aeingre, thin, ema- 











2 
48 


L, mand, abl, of manus, i muftere, to 
send; see Mission, Dor. marnnmission, 
from the pp. 


sec. 
written hand. 
Proper a bol aoa = 


Lee orto 
seBorbes Tarnow 


Seo ete 





MARAVEDI 


§ 1608. 4 Du. menig; Dan. mange, Swed. 
ming, (pethape el margr (Noreen, 
359)5 manags, G, manch, O.H. G. 
manac, Teut. ore *manages. Allied 
to Irish mrinic, Gael. minig, W. ‘Ay 
frequent, Russ. mmnogie, pl. ‘many. Dew, 
Map. — ma) 
a would aad were called magi 
mounde, This isan O, F. form of L. mappa 


. | mundi, map of the world. very 
el 


meant a in, hence a painted 
See lg se apron, maperys naphin. 
Maple, a tree. (E.) M.E. maple, 
mapul. <A.S. mapel-, mapul-; whence 
i sgn » 2 maple-tree. 

, to injure. (E.) M. E. merren. 
O. Mere. -merran, in comp. dmerran, to 
hinder; A.S. d@myrran, to obstruct, waste, 


F. | hinder; cf. gemearr, an impediment. 


M. Du. merren, Du, marren, to retard; 
O.H.G. marrjan, to hinder, vex ; Goth. 
marsan, to cause to stumble, Teut. 
base *mars-. Brugm, i. § 903 b. 
marline, a small cord used for bind- 
ing ropes. (Du.) Du. mariijn, also 
ing, a marline. — Du. marren, to 
bind, tie; and Ayn, -/img, from F. ligne, 
aline, See Moor (2); and Line, Der, 
Marabou, Marabout, 4 kind of 
African stork ; also, its downy feathers. 
(F.—Port.—Span.—Arab.) F. maradout, 
+= Port. marabuto. — Span. morabite, a 
Mahommedan sage. — Arab. muwrabit, 
quiet, still; a benmit, ; a religious 
sage among the Berbers (whence the bird's 
namecame’. Cf, Maravedi. 
our Lord cometh. 
(Syriac.) Syriac méran atha, our Lord 
cometh ; cf. Arab. mdr, lord (from Syriac). 
Maraschino, (Ital.—L.) 
Ttal. maraschino. = lial. marasca,amarasca, 
a black and sour cherry.—L. amarws, 
bitter. 
to wander in quest of plunder. 


Marand, 
the | (F.) M. F. marander, ‘to play the rogue, 


beg ;’ Cot.—F. maraud, 1 rogue, vaga- 
bond. Etym. disputed. connects 
it with F. mal, evil; as if for *malaud 
(Late L. *walaldus). aa 

. Maravedi, « very sm ay ls 
—Armb.) Span. maravea't, the smallest 
Spanish coin; orig. a gold coin first 
struck during the dynasty of the A/mora- 
vides at Cordova, A.D. 1094-1144. Cf. 
Port. maravedim, maralitino, a maravedi. 


313 


ae 








Fries, 


merk.>-Du.| Maroon (1) 
of silver, a| F. marron, a 


=. | adj, ive, applied to a 
i pe bgp aoiga agrees 


| another ruler 


MARROW 


brownish crimson. (F.) 
chestnut (hence, chestnat- 
| colour. Cf. Ital. marrome, M, Ital. marone, 
a chestnut (of unknown origin). 
Mason (2). te put ashore on a deso- 
late island. (F. .) From F. #terron, 
fugitive slave 
(Hence E. 
maroon, to as a fugitive, canse to 
be fugitive] A cli of Span. 
cimarron, wild, 1 
Of unknown origin. 
or cimarron was on everyday phrase for 
a fugitive slave hidden in the mountains, 
in Cuba, about a. pv, 18.46. 
a » letters of. anne 
‘er of margue was a permission by a 
ruler to make reprisals on the country of 
: particular reference 
ig beyond the marck or limit of 
marge, & 


fone's own country. = O. F. 


treat 


, Savage, 


to 


; a quince.—Gk. meAlpyAor, g | boundary,—M. H.G. marke, a boundary; 
‘sweet apple, apple grafted on a quince. | see Mark (2) above. See marcha (1) in 
Gk. , honey; pAov, an apple; see | Ducange. 

marquee, a large tent. (F.—Low L. 
a monkey. | —G.) For marguees ; the s being d 
(F.—L.) Moch older than the discovery | because it was thought to be a plural 
of America; M. E. marmosette, a kind of | form. An E. ing of F. marynise, a 
ape le, p. 210),—M. F. mar- 


moset, F, marmouset, ‘the cock of a cistern 


from E. marmot (see below). 

a mountain-rat. (F.—Ital. 
=L.) F. marmotte.=1tal. an 
ape, for marmetana, lithe 


large tent; orig. a tent for a marchioness 
of baly of rank, = F, margutse, a mar- 
chioness, fem. of marguis, a marquis; sce 
marquis below. ke 
marquess, (Span.—Low L.—G.) 
| marquis. 
marquis. (F.—Low L.—G.) M.E, 
markis.=O.¥F. markis, later marguds, ‘a 
marquesse, wars of a frontire town ;" 
Cot.=Low L. marchensis, a prefect of the 
marches. —O. H. G. marcha, a march or 
boundary. See Mark (2). 9 The troe 
O. F. form was marchts; altered to 
markis by the ee of roa marchese. 
Marquetry, aid work. F. = 
M.H.G.) F. margneterie, inlaid ber 
=F, margueter, to inlay, diversify, orig. 
to mark slightly with 5) ;_ iterative 
form of , to =F. - 
a mark. — M.H,G. mark, G. marke, a 
mark. See Mark (1). 
pith, (E.) M.E. marow, 
mary. » 0, Mex. mere, AS. mearh (dat. 
werg, Dan. marv, G. mark, rca G. 


. | Span. margues, a marquis; see 

















MAXILLAR 


.| Mfannd (1), a basket. (E.) A.S. mand, 
a basket; in MSS. of the century. 
Du. mand; prov. G. mand, mande, manne 
(whence F. manne); E, Fries, mande. 
Maund (2), a (very variable) weight. 
Arab.) Arab. mann; Pers. man. Cf. 
Sandie Wicucedage eter tea 
: , the day 
Good Friday, (F.—L.; andE.) Me 
is M. E. mawndez, a command, used wii 
esp. reference to the text * AMandatum 
;|nounm,” John xiii. 34. The ‘new com- 
mandment’ is ‘ that ye love one another’ ; 
but in old times it was applied to the 
. | particular form of devotion to others ex- 
Scinies Christ, — —— His 
jisciples’ (on ‘aundy 
Th . See my note to P, Plowman, 
B. xvi. 140. This M. E. maundee=O, F, 
+ | mandé¢, that which is commanded ; from L. 


mat- | mandatum, a mandate, command. bee 
i . G, 


connected with maund, Cf. O. 
mandét, the washing of feet (Otfrid) ; from 
L. mandétum, 

Mausoleum, a magnificent tomb. (L. 
.|—Gk.) L. manséléum, a splendid tomb, 
| orig. the tomb of Mausdlus,.— Gk. Mavow- 
. | Actow ; from MatiowAos, Mansdlus, a king 
of Caria, 

Mauve, mallow colour, (F.—L.) F. 
mauve, 2 mallow.—L. malwa, mallow. 
See Mallow. 


Mavis, the song-thrush, (F, a 
M. E. mavis.=—F. mauris, a throstle; cf. 


=O.F.| 5S ma/vis,a thrush. Perhaps Celtic; 





- Bret. milfid, mifvid, a mavis, also mil- 
; | chow’ (at Vannes); Corn. welhwes, O, 
; | Corn. me/huet, a lark. 

Mavourneen, my darling, (Irish.) 
From Irish mo, my; and mAwirnén, mu- 
tated form of mirnin, darling, from 
muirn, affection, (Mh =v, 

Maw, stomach, (E.) M.E.mawe. AS. 
| maga.4- Lu. maag, Icel. magi, Swed. mage, 
Dan. mave, G. magen, 

Mawkish, squeamish. (Scand. ; with 
E. suffix.) The older sense is loathsome, 
lit. * y.' Formed, with E. suffix -es4, 
;|from M. E. mwawk, wank, a maggot, a 
contracted form of M. E. matiek, a maggat. 
=Icel. matkr, Dan. maddik, a maggot 
whence Norw. mak4 = EK. mawh), Derived 

the form which appears as A.S. mada, 

Du. G. made, See ag a , 
’ onging: 
to the jawbone, (L.) L. maawWlaris, adj.: 




















































































































ORACLE 
entre 


(F.-L) F. - 


me penne ake SF (for od), on, upon; pro- 


' to resist. (F.-L.) F, 
pugner. = L. oppugndre. = L. op- (08), 


against ; ive, to fi » from pugnus, 

| a fist, Hg, Sd dy *“ 

y , wishing. (F.—L,) Chiefly 

as name of a rg pea cL, 
atiuus, expressi — 

5 tas, Bo of sptdre, to wih. Cf. Skt. 4. 


to at 

Optic, relating to the sight. (F.—Gk.) 

F. Pik ok benaie belonging to the 

- | sight; cf, drrqp, a spy. From the base 

om- (for on-) seen in lonic ér-ar-a, I have 

seen, 6y-opa:, I shall see; cf. L. oc-zdus, 
See Ocular, 


the ls 

Optimism, the doctrine that alli fo 
the ~ (L.) From L. oftin-us, O. Lat. 
of | opéteeneres ( ii. § 73), best; with 
suffix -ism (Gk, -tpos). L. i-mus is 
a superl. form from a base of- (i.e, choice, 

select) ; cf. er : 
option, choice. (F.— . option. 
par Allied 


; see Optative. 
it, wealthy. eaves F. opu- 
fent.=L. opulentus, wealthy. —L, op-, base 
of opés, wealth. Cf. Skt. apnas, wealth. 
Or (1), conj., offering an alternative. 
of |(E.) Short for other, outher, auther, the 
), | ME. forms, Serig gehy to A. 5, diwa- 
y a| per, = A. ad, ever; Awzaper, 
Or (2), ere. (E.) M.E. or, unemphatic 
Cictis chase vga ben, see Ere. 
| or ere, or ever. 
. | Or (3), gold. (F.—L.) Inheraldry. F, 
ccna ve phos aoe (F.—L.— Gk.) 
a pot- = _ 
Alsoarrache. = F.arroche,‘ orache,orage;" 
Cot. A Picard form ing to F. 
*arreuce (Hatzfeld). (Cf. Walloon nf 
orach (Remacle); Ital. atrepice.] = 
atri, , ace, of afripiex, orach. = Gk. 


, orach, 
See ¥, ir 1.5 F. oracle. = L. dra- 
Opposite. (F.-L.)  F. ofposite.<1. | cu/um, a divine announcement; formed 














for a lady, ae (L.) From pp. of L. ormére, 


ph ee 
@, (Gey. Ge Speis, a bird; 
intent Beit Means 


. xxxiii. | speak. Allied to A.S. carn, G. aar, W. 
of gilding apartments. pe ap ad, oe , named from its soaring; cf. 


dpyuys, I stir up, rouse. 


Orient, castern. (F.—L.) F. orient.= an Australian 
area at Eager the east ; | animal. SRC ah oe ee 
vous, of oriri, to rise, begin. + | blance of its snout to a duck's bill.—Gk. 


| Gprifo- (fc , bird; piyyos, tt. 
Seek. doce Lee 


an soi lit.| Gk, dppayds, destitute; John xiv, 18. 


op gage y 
Orpimen' ow jaret ar- 
of|senie (FL) Lit. “gold paint’ F. 


old 
France. (F.—L.) F. ortflamme, the sacred iment, —L. auripfigmentum, gold 
Seamenbet¥uinn.w lite L, auriflamma, oo auri- (for aurum), caies om 
‘golden flame,’ because the banner | #en/wm, a pigment, paint, from pingere, 
ips at the outer | to paint. 





ato a 5 Naeem ite colows MB 


9 
marjoram. (F,.—L. — Gk. in. — F. orpii pin, ‘ orpin, or live-long ; 
Gk. ; aren orpiment ;’ Cot. A docked form of 


li a deal 
i siete enaes? Daeeer, an ap us for illustrating 
omament. 


the motion of the ets. (Ireland.) Con- 


¥. ot eee i structed at the expense of Charles Boyle, 


earl of Orrery, about 1715. Orrery isa 
barony in co. Cork, Ireland. 


the golden thrush. (F.—L. a (talL—L.—Gk.) For 
go )| Orris, » plant. 


»|merly orice, oris. These are E. corru 
tions of M. Ital. irzes (Ital. trees). — 


; (P.-L) O. F. ori- | Ital. irios, * oris-roote,’ Florio; with refer- 
i L. dratiénem, 


, {ence to the Jris ina. Modified 
a ac oa , an iris. 


heraldry, &c. 
. a Orthodox, of the t faith, (L.— 
Late L. oria,|'Gk.) Late L. orthodoxus. baleen. Gali. 


L, type *eru/a, dimin. | of the right opinion, = Gk. dp8é-r, upright, 


361 N 

















rt 
7} 
Ba 
EE 
Bg 


z 

a 

z 
a 


£ 
y 


pangere 

, to fasten, fix; Skt. 
Gt start hte: Boge 1 $ 
ud (1), asoft cushion. (Low G.?) Also 


1 
* (Halli 
In the sense of cushion 


the sense of ‘saddle’ 
in the sense of * bund 
obscure ori, 


Ae 


, dimin. ‘of M.E, 
2 cel. padda, Swed. 


5 
re 
az] 


g 
e 
Bae 


ij 


ee 
ie 
Hi 


i 
Fr 
i 


: 


“E 
: 
ork 


see © 
r 
H 
i] 
Q 


e 
te 
Fw 

id 


? 


PAGE 


Haml. iii, 4. 185; Oth. ii, t. 9 It is 
parallel formation t < . 


idern, to paddle in water. 

2), a little le, esp. toclcan 

th. (E.) Formerly spadedle ; 

dimin, of spade, See Bpade, 

(1), a toad, (Scand.) M. E, 
vss toad. = 

tJ 7a 

toad, frog.-Du. padde, pad; rs Fries. 

padde. 


1.| Paddock (2), a small enclosure. (L.1) 
to | Not an old 


Fy tle 
. t parroc 

(So also foddish for porridge.) 
Paddy, rice in the husk. (Malay, 
, Tice in the husk. ete 
confused with Hind. Jfdf, 
i — Skt. dhaksa, (properly) 


heute) 


a hymn to Apollo. Der. peon-y. 

; soe infant bay . (Gk) 
+| From « Tmaudo- it wais, a 
child ; and daptinm. CE Pedagoaum’ 
acoun' ; hence, a heathen 


Pagan, ttyman le 
7 }s (L.) L. pagdnus, (1) a villager, (2) a 


p |, because the rustic people remained 
unconverted. L.. ap es adj., 
rustic, = L. Adgus, a village, istrict, = 


an "s it agrees with 
G., and Pomeranian ,|ton, Some connect it 


= 
cP 
an 


‘ 
} 
k 
fy 


, base 
le to fasten ; as being marked ont 
xed limits; see Pact, 


; also A tend f 

aro Obata Ck) ie, parton 

. .) | F. page. = Late ium, BCC. 0! ius, 

padder, aan it. CE phe ae 
7 = | Ital 

(Many cant | Diez t 


Port. fagem 
’ ’ 
tym. disputed. 
jo was 
child, dimin, of 
Littré, Scheler, 
the leaf ofa 


ws 
that Ital. 

. | from Gk, wardior, a li 
wait, a boy. (See 


‘Baddie - habble in wuts (2), one side 
a (I , dabble in water. 2), one 
T hcheatyiiae wiagatundie;| (Foi) Y: peeks pigine, « poks: 


365. 














PANEL 


=Gk, wavr-yupieds, fit fora full assembly, 
festive, solemn ; Inmsow applied to-a Soatival 
oration, — Gk. aefull assembly. | 
=Gk. way, all ; -syupss, related to dryopa, 
a crowd. 


(F.-L.) 







+ | marra-, all; Adam, 


PANTRY 


Pansy, heart’s-ease. (F.—L.) F. 
pensée, a thought; also, the flower paun- 
sie ;' Cot. (It is the flower of thought or 


It 
remembrance. fem. of of F. 
penser, to a) Pp pensare, tap 


emer ewan rns to 
xxi. 62 (note). 


Pant, tobreathe hard, (F.—L.?—Gk.?) 


to weigh, 
Pieces 


names ; 
. M.E. fanten, to pant (15th sew 9 The 


OF. is (Godefroy) meant ‘ 


.;| of breath, in hawks,’ and was a term in 
| hawking. So also F, famtois, shart- 


parra a fancy; see Fancy. (G. 
Paris, in Romania, vi. 628.) @] Not 
W. pantu, which does not mean to press 
(Diez), but to sink in, indent. 
een aire aren 
joon. (F.—Ital.— Gk. . = 
Tal. a buffoon ; from the per- 
name /anfaleone, common in Venice, 
St. Panfaleone being a well-known saint in 
Venice. Prob. from Gk. warraddar, lit. 


‘ all-lion,” a Gk. ran name, = Gk, 
on. 


Seeeerrenaratns eee (F.— 
Ital.—Gk.) F. panfalon, so called because 
worn by Venetians.=Ital. panfalone, a 
Venetian; see above, 

the doctrine that the uni- 
From Pan- and 


(L.-Gk.) L. panthdon. 
a temple consecrated to 
all the i genres way, all; Getos, divine, 
from @eés, god. 


Panther, «1 quadruped. (F.—L.— 
Gk.) M.E. fantere.=O,F, panthere.= 
L. ponthira, pant ther. = Gk ee ,a 
pan’ j prob. t. ori sa 

sed derivation from A ae See 
. B2ve tise to numerous fables. 

Pan’ a dumb actor; later, a 
dumb show. (F.—L.—Gk.) F. panto- 
mime, an actor of man pee ee 
=L. pantomimus. — Gk. warrépipos, 
imitating, a pantomimicactor. = Gk.zarTo-, 
for was, all; pipos, a mime, imitator; see 
Pan- and Mimic. 

Pantry. (F.—L.) ME. fantric.= 











the difference between the 
real and Sapa seo of astar. (Gk.) 


© 
4 


ak 


m 
2 


gege 
rey 
SEerk 
E 
F 


;|F. 


‘| reckon, from Ad-yos, reason; see 
-Gk) L. 


; also | 


.| of amor, love. See 
3] —Ital.—L.) F. 


PARAPHERNALIA 


lines. Gk. wapédAAnaAo-s, parallel (above); 


sess Boe, Rom aptper, to Sil 
i 
tten; a 


r 


A-os, parallel ; dqi- 
wedov, a plane surface, neut. of é#! ? 
on the ground, from éai, upon, and wéSor, 


the ground, 
a conclusion unwar- 
ran| the premises. (F.—L.—Gk.) 
: L, i Gk. 


logisme, = 
wos, a false reckoning or conclu- 
PGS gee ae gy ey 
Gk. apd, beside, ponds Aoylfopa, I 


Logic. | 
Paralysis. (L, paralysis, 
=Gk. ums, a loosening hide, dis- 
abling of Gk. 


potties he Weten fade Ae eae 


;| beside; Aveaw, to loosen, allied to Lose, 
Der. 


¥ sé, from F. faralyser, verb 
from ‘F. sb. paralyste, paralysis, 
ttc, from Gk, wapadvrixds, 
with palsy. Doublet, fa/ry. 
tte, a fabric like merino, 
(New S. Wales.) So named from Para- 
Wales, Prope iy eps yee on = 
¥ Tro rramatia ; 
lit. sense chee of ecels'; where par 
represents eels, and marta, place. 


;| matfa is also the name of the river; 
B. | Caéramasta, ten miles off, is not a river. 


é ‘t, of the highest import- 
ance (F,—L.) O.F. par amont, at the 
‘ops above, lit. ‘ by that which is upwards.’ 
=L, per, by; ad montem, to the hill, up- 
wards; where montem is acc. of mons, a 
hill. See Mount. 

Paramour., (F.—L.) M.E. far 
amour, with love ; orig. an adverb. phrase, 
=F, far amour, with love ; where par 
L, fer, and amour is from L. amdrem, acc. 

Parapet, o rampart, breast-high. (F, 
rapet.= Ital. Pele age 

t 


a wall breast-high; lit. “guarding 

breast.’= Ital. parare, to » ithe also to 

guard, 3 petto, breast. = L. ire, 
we ag ae eet 








- . 








Ae 


1) ng a te ate Sager ere 
adh ail: tal la ts Hap geiko 
S| ne ele AEE elt siildisiiieuar 

pisaslyee dl areecesbeglieqace beet tgs eats 

i nal i aE i aan Batra ; 

MPAs Te Ges HE SSE A had ME 

aie Hel i Tes Mi eae 

eleGehes pate cial ide 

Viti ie eal Heir 

ne aur TA haan 


ee 
i 
Cot.—F. 


Hele 


Tit. 
‘to 








PAT 


-| La passdticum, a right of = Late 
L. t at my P soee, ithe 
(B.-L) ¥, passion.o lL, 


acc. of passio, (properly) suffer- 
ing.—L- passus, pp. of pati, to suffer, 


*.| Sce Patient. 


to dash. (Scand.) Swed. dial. 


rf 


passive. (F.-L.) F. passifi=L. 
passinus, om Le us (above). 
. (F.—-L.) FL passeport, 
oa permission to pass through a 
&c.=F. fasser, to pass ; forte, gate, 
. | L. porta ; see Pass and Port (3). 
 zeste. (F.=1.— Gk) O.F. paste; F. 
¢.= Late L. a, e. = Gk. 1 
Serene pein of waorés, be- 
Jed, salted ; from ragoe, to sprinkle. 
ash orig. ae ‘a aren of ne. 
. past-y, M. E. pastee, O.F. pastd (F. 
ect ppt bead orig. a room in 
pasties were kept (cf. pantry, 
buttery). And see Patty. 
a coloured crayon. (F.—TItal. 
=L.) An artist’s term.—F, fas/el, ‘a 
pastel, crayon ;' Hamilton. = Ital. pas- 
tello, a pastel... pastilfm, acc. of pas- 
tillus, a little loaf or roll; the pastel being 
named from being shaped likearoll. Dimin. 


of pastus, food. =—L, eae » pp. of pascere, 
«| to feed. GY Not alli Ao pase; one pasditia 


. | below. 


(F.-—L.) Formerly pastrom; 
P ve.—M. F, pastiron, ‘ the pastern 
. | of a horse ;* Cot. (F. pdturon.) So called 


because a horse at fas/wre was tethered by 
the fastern; the tether itself was called 
pasture in O. French. =O, F. pasture, pas- 
. | ture, See pasture, 

a small cone of aromatic 
. | substances, to be burnt ina room. (F.—L.) 
. | F. pastil/e, a little lump or loaf; see Cot- 
eens, pastillum, acc. of pastillus, a 
ittle loaf; dimin, of fastus, food; see 


Pastel. 

the Pastime . (FL; _ E.) From 
is and fime; imitati « Passe-lemips. 
vi ares a sapien (FOL) ‘or- 
merly pasfour,—O. F, pastour,=—L. pas- 
forem, acc. of pastor, a shepherd, lit. 
| ‘feeder.’ =L, pastus, pp. of fascere, to 
feed, an inceptive verb; pp. pd-wi. 
(4/PA.) Der. pastor-al, ¥. pastoral, L. 

pastoralts, adj. 
» (F.—L.) 0. F, pastwre, a 
ing. L. pastitra, a feeding. = L. pas- 


hus, of pascere, to feed. 
Pet (3) strike lightly, (Eo In 




















PEER PENANCE 
together, so as to look closely; Swed. belonging to walls.=L. paric, stem of 


plira, . plire, to blink. pariés, a wall. 
Peer (3), to a » (F.—L.) Short petites cy Se oe rethrum. 
for appear, just as M. E, feren is short for 1 ree 5 .) Span. elie (Ital. 
; Appear. = ).—L, pirethrum,—Gk, wipespor, a 
fretful, whimpering. (E.) plant. Gk. wip, fire. 

peyuesshe; also ‘A, confusedly, (F.—L.) O.F, 
uncouth, perverse (G. ). | Peste-mesie, age confusedly ; * Cot. 
i be Mena f Spat emeile in the XI1Ith cent. (mod. 
Cf. Dan. 3 mile). EAppesatty saemomeee 
. peu, to make | mean ‘stirred up with a fire-shovel.’ =F, 
in pewet, a bird; | pelle, a fire-shovel ; O, F. mesler, to mix 
. See Pewet.| up; see Peel (3) above, and Medley. 

the suffix, cf | But orig. only a reduplicated form 
mesle, as mesle-mesle melle-melle also 


i 


if 


: 
3 


re 
Ea 


t 
i 


1 

a 
4 
23 


f 


; 
is 


occur, See Karting, § 5336. 

M.E. pegge.| Pellucid. (F.—-L.) F. pedhucide.— 
measure of | L, pelliicidus, perlacidus, transparent. «L, 
marked by | per; and /acidus, lucid. See Lucid. 
Apparently | Pelt (1), to throw, cast. (L.) M.E. 
5 , & spike; | pelten, also pilten, pulien, to thrust, cast. 
+ Com. peg, a| The forms pi/fen, pu/ten, answer to an 

A.S. form *pyitan. = L. ‘ire, to beat, 
to weigh. ters strike, knock. /u/fdre (like pulsdre) is a 


: a! 
ve 
Pk 
: 


i 
z 


. Petser, to derivative of ped/ere, to drive, See Pul- 

potser ; see Poise, which is a doublet. sate. 
} see Poitrel. ; Pelt (2), a skin, esp. of a sheep, (F.— 
lucre, booty. (F.) -M.E. »| L.) M. E. pelt, a shortened form of peltry, 
, ‘spolium ;" Prompt. Parv.=O. F, | skins, peléry-ware, dealing in skins. OF. 
= ; allied to ; to | pedleterie, the trade * a wot dike woes 
‘ Korting, § 3221 er. pilfer, | pelletier, a skinner. Formed (1 jou 
Pelican. (F.— 3G.) F, fie. fort with suffix “fer =L. -tdrius) al 
=L, peli , pelecdnus.—Gk. wedexay, | O. F. fel, a skin. —L, pe/lis, a skin. See 


+ 
= 


ood-pecker, also a water-bird.| Pell. @ G. O. H. G. pellis, answers 
|, as the wood-| to E. Syste Seliane 


i 
i 
aa 
cat 


pecker was named .=Gk.| Pelvis, the bony cavity in the lower 
oor Srwngel yale gain Sa the abdomen. (L)-.L. pbesee'e 
wéAexvs, an ax.+Skt. , an ax, in, hence the pelvis. , 

Pelisse, a silk habit. (F.—L.) For tion of dried 


pellicens, wade of skins.—L. pellis, a|(F.—L.) O.F. pennevmL. penna, a fea- 

skin. ther; O. L. pesna (for "pelna or *; ). 

a skin. (F.—L.) M.E. peil,| Brugm. i. § 76a (2). From 4/PET, to 

=O, F. pel (F. a acc. | fly. See Feather. 

in. (2). Pen (a), to shut up. (L.) MLE. penmen. 
a little ball, (F.—L.) M.E. | A.S.penzan, only inthe comp.on-fennian, 

mea gps iba a tennis-ball, Dimin.| to un-pen, unfasten. Fennian is Rrope'y 


pila, a ball. eccentric gto 
erased semen esall ciel pecs coe Stes Niche Blew pace, 

= ;/or ; see ¥ . ' 
dimin. of fellis’n skin, ay) 


a 

See pell. penn, pinne, fin. a a pin. 
Pellitory (1), Paritory, a wild) Penal. ~( id lt «iM M.F. penal, 
flower that grows on walls. (F,—L.)| ‘ penall ;" Cot.=L: pent bel to 

M. peers, ar pean Ag a nishment, = Gk, 
-M.F. mene: ot. = L. | ows, penalty. Pain, 

fem. | ee penance. (Ff, — lL. — Gk.) 
' 











shed projecting from 
== force ae 
ti (the same). eng prc ee 


aorta on one 


acc. 
of } bove. 
sik mp for a bird to sit on; 
ye ge F.. perche.=—L. per~ 
fica, a 


Perch { aw a ae. ae -L.-Gk) F. 
lean the reipee, ciple 
blackish; of. Skt. grat, spotted, 


’ Porcolate eh ee pp. of L. per- 


coldre, to filter through. = L. ger, through ; 
de: 


adj. from peregri, pere- 
3 ef. pereger, a traveller, 

rom L. fer-, which is either = fers 
through, or is related ph ys tm i 
and ager, land, field. Acre and 


Pilgrim, 

Feremptory, decisive, (F, rie eee 
peremploire.= mptirius, dest 
decisive. — ra a destroyer.—L. 

per-imere, to away 
—e per, utterly; emere, 


Awami (L.) Cae eremia tac! 


c the enn = lit. lasting throug! 


ta etn bi annus, a year. 


Perfect. (F.-L) ME. it, Parfit, 
wont parft, pare W. pofal 


Oper ih of eft Pap 








up). = North F. perke, for 

perche; see Perok 00, Cf. Walloon 
{ecco ike Egor. Peng 
“Bermanent (FF perme 
rio ene, it abide thioagh. = <"h 
, through; manére, to rema ‘Sa 


arte sepon-agh ris) From pp of La for 
through. = L. per, earoighs 
ars o tanhs po See potros in Prell- 


L. permitiere 
eel ee to ance ane throngh, 
throug , through; miiffere, to 
send. ager ant Be Der. iss-ion. 
Permutation. Fas F. permuta- 
tones Le ace. permttiinem,» canting. 
=L. permiitdtus, pp. permiitdre, to 
change thoroughly. 


to See ties Mutable. 


F.\/L 


WP Soa 


PERSPIRATION 


t above the 
wails, &c.; 
ireve, poset 


tum, an extra 
yearly rent, arising from 
neut. of perguisitus, pp. of 
Se hee L. ger, 


| guarere, to seek 


(F. pac we x Tn use in 
the 16th cent.<F. perrugue. Ital. per- 
L. | rivera, M. liek pormcce' 53 » Florio; 
also spelt parueca, id. Foor heey as Port 
peruca, Span, 


through a mass td allie silled te to “Tal 
pe: Sedan "to pik or 1 out haires or 


feathers one by one;" Florio. From Ital. 
pelo, hair. =L. pi/um, ace. of prius, a hair. 
Perry. ( —L.) M.E. pereye. * Pire- 
tom, " Vocab, 603. 11. From an 
A.F. form " (mod. Norman 2k jae Cf, 





5 ange-smonthed 


. | ‘the optike art;" Cot aL opens 





ti th h (above). 
SSonnpisstionss Srcatizg. GF 
385 


F. poiré, , drink mi 
Cot. ; whi is formed with suffix -¢(<E. 
seus, ade of from. fore a pear, = L. 
pirum, a pear. 
Persecute. (F. ai MF. persecuter, 
vb. = L. Sarg Ppp. re Eafe to 
cL. ger, thor ¥, to 
low. Set Soaiatiaes ples. 
Persevere. (F.—L.)_ Formerly persd- 
ver, =O. F. perseverer.=—L. perseuérare, to 


of | persist in a nt ty Raat per, thoroughly ; 


seuérus, earnest. 
(F.-L.) F. persister =L, 


to continue, wel. ; 

i" ooet sistere, rok 5 rent causal of 
stare, to stand, 

Person. (F. ‘F.-L an E. persone, per 


‘ soune, = O.F. persone, ¥. fersonne.= L. per- 


séna,a mask used by an actor, a person- 
see, character played by an actor, a person, 
L. personadre, to sound thr ; the 
ithed mask of the actor was 
named from the voice sounding through it. 
= L. per, ; Sondre, to sound, from 
Sonus, sound. aowet (3). 
MS A ‘ne, 
P ¢ tia, the 
pon o he agra orig. fem. of “ferspecti- 
through. —L. perspectus, pp 
aicances, to look through, =L, Pb 
through; sfecere, to look, See Species, 
ity, keenness of sight, (F, 
—L.) icacité,= L. acc, persprcdcss 
tatem, htedness.— L. perspicdes-, 
decl. stem of perspicax, sharp-sighted. = L. 
a Pee - Spicer, to see through (above). 
clear. (L.) L. per- 
e | aptcw-us, clear ; with suffix -ous. sala 


o 









PHARISEE 


&e.; lit. ‘little foot.’ = Gk. wodi-, 


in, 
| for wots, foot, See Foot. @ Cf M. Dn. 


‘a pue,’ Sar sind borrowed from 


formed | ©. F, puye, 


ie is borrowed from Gk. witpa, a 
; cf. mérpor, a stone. 
¥ “oil. (1. — Gk.) 
Cc from L.. petra, rock ; oleum, oil. = 
Gk. witpa, rock ; éAaior, oil ; see Oil. 
a horse-pistol. (F.— - 
L.) M.F. petrinal, ‘a or 


from petrina, a belt, 
cs ages (so that pefrina’ would orig. mean 
what was attached to the belt) to 


F small, tal. pétes/o, small. 
Perhaps allied to piece, from a Gaulish 
base peff- (Celtic *gett- Bret. pez, 


Dilovhios sis Lagrechanee Dae, | 
s wares | 


. (F.-L.—Gk. 
J, i pin Gab BU 
an Space; pie, an 
open alr wih rails (hence applied to 
Space or to a desk to 
eit ae nse a balcony, esp. near 
arena, where sat. 


E. pew meant for 
(SE ps meas plc wédiov, which 


. | metal (Roquefort). 


» the la ‘ ) 


Pewet, 
ich | Also puet (Phillips). Named 


laintive cry; of. mod. Norman F, viet 
: pewet; Lowl. Sc. peu, to make a riek 
tive noise; Westphal. " piwit, piwik, a 
—— Cf, E. af tent. 


Tent.?) M., E. raf ene 

Pea drives F. peutre, eae: +o emny Ta ind of 
ke Span. pe/fre, 1 a a a 
akin to n. » Ita iro er. 

Diez aos. oe on the ital gelirs i 
lieved to be derived from Eeglish, which 
he rejects, ethan Skane Bogen 
er could not become However, 


A fate is probably (like F, feantre), an 


ptation of the form found in O. F. 
“espeltre (espeautre), E, spelter; see 
Spelter. 


PH. 


Ph, Initial f4 is distinct from p, and 

has the sound of f; it represents the Gk. 

¢, almost every word beginning with ss 

of Gk. on origin. The only exceptions 

(also feon), phitideg better Allibeg, 

is Gaelic, and /arisee, really of 

Hebrew origin, but coming to us through 
Greek, 

, 2 kind of carriage. (F.—L. 

—Gk.) _F. paadton; occurring A.D. 1723. 

=—L. Phaethon. = Gk, Galéav, son of 

Helios, and driver of the chariot of the 


.| sun; lit. ‘shining,’ being part. of 


Soon to shine. — Gk. yaar, to shine. 
Phantom. See Prellwitz, s. v. gdos. 


tee (L.—Gk.) LL. oS 
Gk. battali 
weatoce ; se below, 
enon. 7 i L.—Gk.) repre E. fan- 
‘ome, = fantosme. = antasma 
(whence E. phantasm). as ‘pdvragya,’ 
vision, spectre, lit. My, vere .=— Gk. gar- 
rater, to display. -, a8 in palvew 
(<ed-yur), to shew, lit. to cause to 
aor. ce *pderns, fi i shews 
(as in gard a «wv, to shine. 
+Skt. 54a, to — pe gy 


itt. ix. ‘uy, lit. ‘ one who separates hit” 


‘came to mean a foot-stool, gallery to sit self.” =Heb. parash, to-separate. 
387 








PHOSPHORUS 


Phosphorus. (L.—Gk.) L. phos- 


-_ 


1. 

(BHA 
paro-, for pas, 
to wri 


ioe 


( 


en 


pucioyrapovia, 
oa oo Pepa ite See Bike. 


phorus. Peart oie + 
magne, 1 ’ 

i i He nse 

from pépew, to bring. 


From Gk. 
pand wapey, 


eu 
i. See Pions. 


j.|@ market-place, 


PICKADILL 


PI-PY. 


Piacular, expiatory. (L.) L. pidtews 
is of, ston picutan, a expiaon. = 
0 propitiate.—L. pins, devout. 


Piano. (Ital,—L.) 
gu and fd fe 
ct smooth, th, sot) 


Gh) F. 
ie of metal als 
y ra re om rt 


Piazza, (Ital. —L.— —GCk.) Ital, 
Ab ar ‘fiat street. =< olk-L. 
; lated, fa; see Place. 
Pibeoch,a martial a martial tune. *(Gael.—L.) 
Gael. piobatreackd, Pia ip tune on 
the bepvipe Gaal. 
Gael. pit, a pipe = sed Bi Pipe. 
s see Pio (1). 
, 2 horseman with a lance, in 
bina .—L.) Span. picador, 
peers to prick, = 


a vas aa mulatto infant. 

Scns ) na al lied t 

jam) of Span. feguefto, smal to 
tal. piccolo, sal, "OF Of uncertain origin. 


Pice, « md a coin. (Marathi. 
copper y] 
Hind. and Marathi faisd, a a 
sometimes rated at four to the anna, 
four settee oe (H. H. Wilson). 
to peck, pierce, also to pluck, &c. 
M. E. prkken, nap mare 
valent words, Ch. C. T., 
(Cf. Irish pioc, Gael. voi, 
= pluck, peck; W. Gael pit peeogi ye 
» choose; Cor. piga prick.} 
Allied to A.S. pivan ‘to peck, ‘fom Laie 
sat ra rg Duro i , to i pica, 
pie-, as (pieus, 2 


er. Cf. Gk. weieew, to shear; 


round the edge 


sprue 
389 ; 








Lat to 
suggest Late L tyre to go through: 


—L.) M.F. =L. 
‘Piety. (F ) pietd.—L. pietl- 


~L. pias, 
So ou." Prov. E. 
De et A.S. picag * of swinforda 


" Birch, Cart. Saxon, iii. 223. 
the connexion is doubtful. ] Certain 
masses of molten metal are called sows and 

; hence fig-iron. 
a bird. (F.—L.) F. pigeon,a 


= 


Seine. ig a tage to chirp, 


a small wooden vessel. (E.) 


ch. a pitcher, j iat dimin. of 


an earthen jar; Irish ; 
tise pee pail, pig ial nee 
Z a pleut all borrowed from 


tr, of Vergil, bk. Pig. 
oes old form of pitched; see 
a). 
Pigment. L. , colour- 
ag ie of ré, 10 
3 with suffix -merntun, t. 


' gee Pee an erat: ae 


) fe fa a a piasetioe pale 


acc. of | Skt. pish, pitch, pecs 


PILL 


, also found 
an with a pike 
or 
lar, (F.—Ital.— 
pitied plone 
pores: " Florio,=Ital. pila 
sided piller;? id. pila,’s ilar. oa 


Pile (2). 
L. (L.) warm fu: it. 
———— pony oe Piers ‘pyle. BL pel 


Boar Rte (E. ¥) Hand “Of 


unknown origin, ore ell 
ot 
- from Norw, pi/é, an artificial 
it. 
fa 4 curious corruption of Para- 


‘Pie Onn tumour, lit, a ball, (L-) 


et pillar, heap. 1 ME. 
ogy reer 4 pillar, a pier of 
stone, ‘coi, the phrase cross and pile 
(of a coin), answering to the modern ‘head 
and tail,’ the took its name from the 
pile or short pillar on which the coin rested 
when struck ; see Cotgrave, s.v. 
Pile (3), a stake. (L.) A.5S. pi/, a 
stake, = L, aoe orig. a 
+ 


For *pins pinsere, to — 
raldic pile (F. pile) is a sharp stake. 
Pile (4), a hair, fibre of wool. (L.) L. 
sales, hair. Cf, Gk, wihes, felt. Brugm. 
ree-piled, L. L. 


pile; ALS 


A Der. th L, L. ¥, 2 
,smalltumours. (L.) See Pile(1), 
Pilfer. (F.—L.?) 0O.F. 7 to 
ae pilfer.—O.F. pelfre, ph 3 See 


“Pilgrim, (1s — L) Stal. pellgrsie, 


, & fo 


saiancnty Soertsal, oreign. = L. peregri, adv., 


|away from home; see Peregrination. 
Cl. O. H. G. piligrim, from Ital 
or ASD) a little ph die peers (F.-— 
1.) Short for 0. F. pile pill 
=. ill 5 " Got aL. 
little ah ve abuke ; dimin. of pila, a ball. 
See Pile (1), 


a 


Pill (2), to plunder, (F.—L.) 


pe et a ; and, oaneee Keni 





Gael. pie, ie , pike, oe 
pickax. jek, | but a 
ot mie pee IMC 
woodpecker See Der. pik-er-el, | pildre, to plunder, 
jor 











PINE PIPE 
WO fs) to Teng: St 9 satires, So named because made of pine. = L. 
\ = 


suffer, more fi ray apectaek verb |’ Pinnacle, ile, (Fel) Py aatl; Cat 
formed from ME. pine, ree WI =. pindeulum wpe IBAS srarvy bi 
Pin, pain; from L, fena, pain ; dirmin, of Late L. pinna, a pinna- 

Pain, - 5 ae East 9), L, pinna, a fin, &e. See 


. feather-like. bo 
Pe irogye a Heo for poh a feathered, 
dar, =L. penna, a feather, See Pen, 


; See 

Pinion, joint of a wing. (F.—L.) F.| Pint, a measure for liquids. (F.—L. 
. Fe ) | F. pemte; ef. 5; greed gare 
ch Span pint. Named a marked part 
a pini [ , the mod. F.| of a larger vessel; cf. O.F. pinter, to 
has the sense of E. pinion, a small | measure wine.—Late L. pincta, a pint; 
working with teeth into another ; in for pete fem. of pictus, inted, marked, 
beg rap i i inna,| pp. of pingere, to paint, So also Span, 

a water-wheel. - pinna, o pintura =o. picture. 
Saas : a ‘ Pioneer, a soldier who clears the way 
(1 Gaeta ae yp . M.E, | before an army. (F.—L.) Formerly fioner, 
5 Pa aaa. toostond ¥. Senate, OE poe a a 
form of pick, We may note E. pink, to| mere extension of F, pion, O.F. peon, 
cut holes oreyes in silkcloth (Bailey), | a foot-soldier, but esp. applied to sappers 
as equivalent to M. F. » the same | and miners. See further under Pawn (2). 
(Cotgrave). Cf Pinch, {J Or from A.S.| Piony, the same as Peony. 

a ich seems to have| Pious, (F.—L.) F. piewx.—Late L. 
| from L. punctum; see | *pi extended from L. pius, holy, 


Pink (2), half-shut, applied to the Pip 
1, a lo eyes. 
(be -L) Obsolete; ch ‘ pi "| MLE, 
Antony, ii. 7. 121.—M. Du, pincken dale (Mod. } 


= 


orman pipie; 1. pepita, Port. 
pita.) aL panini, hlegm, 
point ; see Pink (1). Ci Prov, E. | *pipita, lanl. pp. Hap Du. 
5 see \é . F : ‘ ‘ 
fiak, a very small fish, mainnow. ABs Swed. pifp, Se. BL. pitita i 
Pink (3), the name of a flower, and of | from a stem iu-, for which see Pine (1). 
tL.) As in violet, maseve, the | Pip (2), the seed of fruit. (F.-L.—Gk.) 
of the colour is due to that of the Short foe piapin or popin, the old vas. = 
delicately cat nginee dodger oftse petals; | pip-[yult disict from papite; pp & 
y cut or ;/a pip (quite i 
Pink (1). B, Similarly, M. F. pince, a | fowls); and prob. to Span. Pepine’ hy 
“ag nd peered ged but} cumber. f. Some have supposed that 
. pence and E. pink are not the same | fefim was first applied to the remark- 
word ; though they are related. able seeds of the cucumber and melon ; and 
Pink (4), 0 kind. of boat. (Du.) See | is derived from SD gare L. pepo, a 
Nares. for M. Du. espincke, also | melon, borrowed from Gk, wéwaw, a melon, 
pont Henao: f or a small ober’ y This Gk. wéror was ae adj., 
‘whence - pingue, | signifying * ri ‘or ‘ripe’; (cf. mérrew, 
Z 7 pen) 5 Sait she peck 


as Icel, , Swed. espinyr, a long boat ; , to cook. See Cook, 
named from tenance’. " (3), aspot on cards, (F.—L,—Gk,) 
an aspen-tree. See Aspen. A ly a peculiar use of Pip (2). 
having small eyes; see | We also find a form fick, formerly a 
Pink (2). at cards. =F. sigue, a spade at cards; the 
(F.—lTtal.—L.) F. | same as Pique. 
“the ; also a pinnace;'| Pipe, a musical instrument formed of a 
- a pinnace (Florio). long tube; a tube, cask. (L.) M. : 
: 393 











PITAPAT PLAINTIFF 
haps a spring of pure water, from L. putus,| BPlacable. (L.) L. fédedbrlis, easy to 
pure, 





5 le . | be ippeased. = L. A le 
rt wien. ya | Seeobcam: Cone 






place was orig. 2 courtyard or square, a 

— Cf, Ital. prasea (=F. place). See 

Placenta, a substance in the womb, 

«F.)(L.) Ly placenta, lit. a flat cake.+Gk. 

ier, i 3a "| wAakots, a flat cake; cf. wAaf, a Mat sur- 
=0.H.G. pechdri (G, becher).— Late | face. 

L. *biccarium, for L. dicdrium, a wine-| Placid, (F.-L.) F-. placide, * calm;' 

vessel; prob, from Gk. Bixos, (the same). | Cot.—L. ‘placidus, Pleasing, gentle. 1, 


See Beaker. plactre, to please. : 
Pith. (E.) M.E. pitie. AS. pia, a third of a (Scotch) penny. 
pith.4-Du. prt, M, pitte, Low G. rom M, Du, péacke, ‘a French 

ik. ;’ Hexham. Also, ‘a spot.’ =—M, 
plaister ;" see Placard. 


who kidnaps ; alao ‘a book-theef '; Cot. 
= L. plagidrius,a kidnapper. = L. Sa 
; to =L. 























plagiare, ensnare, 












" Sore ae =0O.F. 
(F. piate). = L. plapa, a 
¢ ow, injury, disaster.4-G Tanya, 
But we also find | crew (=: pee ‘ievet tgeme 
js Ys we oer (= :to e; of. L. 
mall, Tpiaine: it LS egies 
a . (Fe—L.) . F. ise, 
fplais.—L. platessa, a plaice; so called from 
F.—L) M.E. pitee.—O, F.| its flatness. From the base f/af-, as seen 
(rath cent.).—L. pretatem, acc. | in Gk. wAarvs, fiat, broad; cf. Place, 
devoutness.=—L. grus, devout.| Plaid. (C.—L.) Gael. (and Irish) 
te Der. pite-ous, for | p/aide,a blanket, plaid. Allied ae 
, from O. F. pitews<Late L. | /aid, a sheep-skin. = Gael. (and Irish) 
saseet a skin.=—L. ellis, a skin. See 





ze 


i 











3 


flat. 
plane m0, pint Ge L plana 
inte.O.F. picinte.— Late 
for L. tus, lamentation. = L. planctus, 
to bewail. See Plague, 
(E.—L.) ME. platatifi= 
if, ‘a tiff ;’ Cot. Formed 














PLAUDIT 
Coit suffix -er) from O. F, plat, a plate; 


Plaudit, use. (L.) Formerly 
plaudize -L. plauiite, cl 
your bands; 3 pers. pl. imp. ror Bos 
a 


c M.E. play, A.S. 
Npukeepeit be; elemmady 6 
Cf. A.S. plegian, to play, 
o plighe (France) 
ot t ra 

an ae (F.-L.) MAE. pice, 
play.= A, F. plee (Bozon) ; 0. F. ple, plai 
occasional forms of O. F. plait, 
Lage + dnt emeniet ek r 
Sondilea coos hich has 

w 

placitum, neut. of 


itus, pp. of 
placére, to please. See Please. 


Pleach, Plash, to iaternwine booghs 
oF hedge. lod — lechen, = 
.F. plescier, Z » to | 
Ppa aetyed Socar yi 
ik *plectidre, later plessére, to 
pleach. = L. type 


nu 
battle. 
+ plegie 


Pay 


sentence, 


r 


= 


to weave, whence also flicire, to 
“Plead. (FL. M. E. pleden. =O. F 

-L) M. .= OF. 
' , argue. =O. F. plaid, a 


AFL) ME, plesen.—O-F. 
plesi » plaisir, . rel 
blacére to plea. ‘Ailied PB greets to 
iF . pleaseant, from OQ, F, 
Plesant, pleasing, pres, pt. of plesir; also 


to 


a 


| wAnphys, aad-a, 


spaciuipat, tiga | Abieady = Se” pleated, 


PLIGHT 


more recent; Pleisto- 
most recent. (Gk.) From Gk. 
wheiw-¥, more, or wActaTo-s, most; and 
«ads, recent, new. TlAclaw, wAcirros are 

comp, and superl, of woAvs, much. 
Plenary, full. (Late L.—L.) Late 
L. pléndrius, entire. L, plénus, fall. +Gk. 
foll; wly-rAn-p, I fill. 

ied to Pull. 


cciceioy teas 


1. stem of p/raus, full; and potenti- 
for forens, H with waits! artes 
see Potent. 


fullness, (F.—L.) 0. F. 

i fallness. = L. 

ot for plénus, full; with suffix 
finda. 


plenty, abundance, Lite ¥ M.E, 
plentee, =O. F. plente, t= L. pléni- 
tatem, acc, of ploni " ditness: =: Hom, 
for plénus, full. Der. plenteous, M. E. 
Plenteus, often spelt plentivous, from O.F. 
plentivos ; from O. F. if, answering 
to Late L. form smi 

.(L.=-Gk.) L s. 
= Gk. wAcovacyds, pe recess 
mAcord(ar, to abound, lit, to be more. = 
Gk. mAdoy, neut. of sAdaw, wAciaw, more, 
comparative of wodvs, much, allied to 
wAdws, fall. See then 8 2 
Plethora, excessive fullness, 
pene ee Gk.) She pthira. = Gk, 
7A , fullness.— Gi. rAn@-os, a 1 5 
crowd; allied to mAnpys, full. “ies 


Pleurisy, inflammation of the p/ewra,or 
membrane which covers the lungs. (F.-—L, 
-Gk) F. rétié.m L. pleurisis; also 
pleuritis.=—Gk, wAcvpirs, pleurisy.=Gk. 
wAevpa, a rib, side, pleura. Der. flewrit- 







mood used ; see|ic, from mwAeupiris; pleuro- iia, 
Please, inflammation of pleura and lungs, from 
another form of Plait. wvedpoy, a long; see Pneumatio. 

Pile , Vulgar. (F.—L.) O.F, ble, flexible. See Ply. 
plebeien (¥, ; formed, with sufix| pliant, (F.—L.) F. pliané, pres. pt. 
en (L, -dnus), from L, plebeins, adj., from | of plier, to bend; sce Ply. 
plebés, more commonly pleés, the people. it (1), pledge; hence, as vb, to 
Cf. Gk. wAjjéos, a multitude. oo Low eet GE) BE ee, ton leo 

' -—O, ment, ‘. . , . 
yan MaPeRameS mecca c | Gace Fock cin ame Ag or 
DF a re ay Bis ). [Allied | from the strong vb. ; ‘h-an', 
es ee meee a aman) + LF go RP oe - 
- Xe pledge one- | M. cht, duty, . 
PE toes be accatomed ‘ 
eee: See Sia tiad besleanc ge gg 

" 397 








nected with Low G. pltennen, len, E. 
Fries. plinde, phinne, worthless house- 
hnold sufl> Hence to plunder in to strip a 


Plunge. F.-L.) F. plonger, ‘to 
Ce jive ; Cot Formed from a Late 
*plumbiciire, not found, but verified by 


piombare, to 
throw, burl, fall heavily like lead, from 


lead. ee Oks 
Pluperfect. (L.) ished from L. 
tum, by giving to pias the 


ie; poe ett »more ; guam, 


fectum, perfect. See Perfect. 
Pr \F.-L.) M.E. plural. =O. F. 
plurel (KF. pluriel), —L, piirdlis, plural, | le 


Jormed,) oe uses plurisy to express 
plethom; so also a and Ford. 
Formed from L. pliri-, cy asad more, 
by an extraordinary (prob, a, jocular) con- 
fusion with 
Plush. (F.— F. <e) 
plush ;* Cot. (Cf. fan. acanay nap, | 
soft down.) a eeareicey of a 
L. form *piliiceus, hairy, not found. — 
L. nes beh See Perrnque, Pile (3). 
Ly rainy. (F.—L,) FF. piseetad. | poche, 
=-L =L. ia, rain. 
ri plu-it, py Cf. Skt. Corn ean. 
rom Weak prade to 
mere ten ‘Adew, to swim, 
» (F.-L) M. "E. plien, to bend, to 
as wax (hence, to toil at).= F. plier, 


“to fold , bend; " Cot.e L. pli- 

syle ace wAdeer, He iste, 
Alechten, to weave, plait. ( 

Dees win pli-ant, bending, from I. pliant, 


“Coty icable (ie plichey. 


(Gk) A ia A 
to wind or air. Gk. redya (stem 


= 


(opooe Allied to Neese, 





. | connexion with mvéear, to brea 


| pocket; see Pouch, See 


POET 


Pneumonia. 
disease of the | 
of mvedpuaw, for pee a leg, 


hess Gk. rvrevpovia, 


Tvevpov-, stem 


ben, Sh 


bees hike olen ay Baten pulmo, a 
ung ; Lit! ‘et the lungs. 
weak is om ae (F.—0O. Low 
G.?) Formerly focher; Cot. 

wean aha potced once) eB 

¢ orig. sense was prob. ‘a pouch 
egg, i.e. an egg so dressed as to preserve 
|it in the form of a pocket.—F. foche, a 
r's ex- 
PPosah ( : 

Poach (2), to intrude into preserves. 
¥,—L.) M.F. pocher; Cot.explains pocher 
labeur d’auiruy by ‘to poch into, or 
incroach upon, another man’s tpioletane 
practise, or trade.’ old sense was ‘ to 


. | thrust or dig out with the fingers,’ Cot. (if 


this be the same word); or rather, to put 
the thumb into. Cf. prov. E, poach, to 
tread into holes ; Picard her, ‘ titer un 
aa ae te pouce,’ er, © presser avec 

Corblet. Perhaps from L. 


; soll, ace. of potlex, the thumb; cf. 


pochrer, poucier, the thumb (from 


Plenary. the ad}. peeollicarts) 


(1),a pustule, (E.) Small pox= 
oie pfocks, where focks is pl. ol pack, 
M. E. pokke, a pock, pa agen A. we 
a apeig +E. Fries. pok, pokke ; 

G. pocke, a pock. Cf. Gael. poise a 

pimple, Irish pucoid, a pustule, a adh, a 
swelling up, Gael, foc, to beeome like a bag 

(from E.). 

Pocket, a small pouch, (F,—Seand.) 

MLE. ‘poket. = Norman dial. *fogwette, 

dimin. of O. Norman pogue (see Norman 


dial, brow vyagaet Métivier), the same 4 ¥. 
pee pouch. = Icel. poki, a 
ef, M poke, a bag (Hexham). e+ 


Poke (1). 


Cf. » “huskes,’ a 
Westphal. puddeh, a lump, a po 
Low G. puddig, thick; prov. E. 
fat and round ; fudadle, short and fat, 
Pudding and. Pout. 
Poem, (F.—L.—Gk.) M.F .poeme,Cot. 
= L. poéma.—Gk. roigpa, a work, com- 
position, poem. = Gk. mover, to make, 
Bape  F L.—Gk.) M. E. poesie. 
= L. potsin, ace. of poesis, 
poetry. = Gk moinaus, a composition, poem, 


’ 
See 





wind, air.—Gk. mvéew (for| 


Se a ee Re ek 


-Gk. rouiv, to make, 


ere (F.=L.-Gk.) O. F. poet =. 


pole = 44 ‘ 


mk Khe ) a vs 
pelelices 


MET" tru, 5 V 


ey ae E.) Of doubtful origin. ' 
; Hexha' 


e 


—~ 





- 


" 
zi 


sf 


He 
es 
i 3 


2 
: 


i 


F 


1 
i 


St 


5 
A 
a 


ay 
i 


i 
: 


5 ri 
kin, i 
fa ena SY tne ag 
fanny ; = yAgoou, ie, 
y many-sided plane figure. 
= . Gk. 
; having many 


. | many; mous, a foot, 


* | one’s lips, iip-snive? 


. | for the 


. | Ttal. 


woAd- | formed 


PONDER 
figure, (Gk.) Gk, woas-, por, 
FoF lpn bus, om tebe oan 
see 8 


polynomial. (Gk. and.) Coined 

to go with és-nomial,—Gk, woAu-, many ; 

L. némen, a name, term, ies 
} anaqnatic an 

pod type, (ohare L. polypus 


the \ 
= Gk. roAvqwous, many-' .— Gk. woaw-s, 
q Ch. F. polype, 


L. polypits (gen. 


it all fale a due to treating the 


; t. end ais as if it were -p-1s. 
polysytiable. (Gk.) From fo/y- and 
sy. » Cf Gk, mokvotAAaBos, adj, 
polytheism. 


(Gk) From poly- and 


theism. 

Pomade, Pommade, (F.—Ital.— 
L.) F. fommade, pomatum; so called 
because orig. made with apples. = Ital. 
lo to supple 


lorio. = Ital. A 
an apple. L. parent, an apple, ral aes 
, 0 globe-shaped box for 


holding ointments or perfumes. (F.—L.and 
Arab.) Spelt nder(1518); pomaunder 
(Skelton). Cf. M. F. pomendier, ‘a pom- 
aunder ;” ve (prob, from E,); 
and note M. . foma, a pomander 
(Minsheu), which is a fem. form, from 
mo, an apple, 6. The suffix -ander is 
ramére,amber. We find * pomum ambre 
telence’; MS, Harl, 2378, 
Pp. 324. in Medical Works of the 4th 
cent., ed. Henslow, p. 122. Cf. O. F. 
pomme d'ambre (Rom, Rose, 21008). —L. 
pomum, an apple; and see Amber. 
Pomegranate. (F.—L.) 0. F. some 
é (also turned into pome de grenate 
ty confusion of the rgd the same es 
granato.=L.. pomum,an apple; 
gréndtum, full of seeds, from grinwm, a 
grain, seed; see Grain. 
(F.—L.) M. E. 


1, a knob, 
pomel, a boss.—O. F, ef (later pom- 


; | meaw), 1 pommel; lit. ‘small apple.’ 


Dimin. from L. forum, an apple. 
Pomp. al Shs Hie - pompe.— L, 
pompa.—Gk. ror), a sending, escorting, 
solemn procession, —Gk, méywer, to " 
Pond. CE), ME fond; variant of 
found, an enclosure; it means a 
damming up water; see Pound 


@). Cf Trish on, (1) a pound, (2) a 











" PORCH PORTCULLIS 







eR pongied F. porpeis, a porpoise; now 
| obsolete (except Guemsey ), and 
by marsouin, from G. 
ws, i ers For "ferc- 
w= L. pore-um, ace. MS, & ; 
Soe we ol patna be ee 
and Fish. 
= fF) am form S 
pottage, whi rst me foddige (as 
| preserved in Craven foddish) and afterwards 
idge, just as the Southern E. errish is 
corrupted from eddish | A.S. edisc), stubble, 
Similarly, forranger (Palsgrave) was an old 
A peak hie mt Cotgrave has ‘ pofage, 
pottage, 
.| porringer, (F.) Formed from forripe 
(= porridge) by inserted m, as in messenger 
. messager) ; with E. -er. It means 
small dish for porridge (above). 
Port (1), demeanour, (F.-L.) M,E. 


date: Awt,? Oe enesieae, 05 Semana 
im;|of. man;' Cot. A sb, due to the verb 
» to carry. 
K.) Der. port, 

as ‘to arms; 


(probably) 
‘to port the helm"; fort-ed, P. L. iy. 
Also port-er, a beaver of a burden, sub- 
stituted for M. E. fortowr, from F. porteur. 
Hence forter, the name of a strong malt- 
. | liquor, so called from being the favourite 
of London porters (1730) ; portfolio, 
a case large enough to carry paper 
in (cf. F. porte-feutile), port-manteau, F. 
portemanteau, see Mantle, Mantua ; fort- 
-di-ness. 
(2), aharbour, (L.) M.E. fort. 
;| ALS. = L. fortes, a harbour; cognate 
with E. Ford. Closely allied to Port (3). 
Brugm. i. § 514. 
port (3), a gate, entrance, (F.—L.) F, 
porte.=L., ‘a, a gate. Allied to Gk, 
mipos, a » way; see above, Der, 
; | port-er, F. portier, L. portarius; port-al, 
O.F, portal, Late L. pertdle. 
porcum,| port (4), a dark wine. (Port.—L,) 
seas, | Short for wine, Port. o » i, 
5. ‘A, harbour; where o is the def. art. (= 
Brognr-t-| Span. /o=L. silum), and porte is from L. 
fortum, acc. of portus, a 
'e .-L,—Gk.) M.E, 


portal; port abov BS 

porphurie, ans to an O. F. form c ie. ree} ME. 

» ig Spe Rab ‘otgrave gives only in| = . F. porte coleice (13th cent.), 
porphyre.=L. = Gk. | coulisse, or coulisse, a portcullis, li 


ay bf a Deli Pp Fg L. ae prides 2 
— roppu, 7 sc. porta), 
P Porpess. (F.—L.) M.E.| Cullis, We 
403 


tf 
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postscript. (L. ph ees: 
that which is written es hs 


 neut. of of seribere, to nih 
2 elfevident proposition. 
(.) L postuldium, a ag demanded 
1 ore granted) ; cae postuldre, 
Derived from poscere, to ask, 

Hem i. 68 by; lar ee 
F. postures=1,. 


positiira, na) gear a a ‘positus, of 
ponere, to See Position. = 

= |" Posy. (FL. Gk.) Inall its senses, 
7, [it is for foesy. It meant a short 
poem, esp. a short motto in verse on knives 
and rings, Hamlet, iii, 2. 162; hence it 
meant a nosegay, because the flowers 
j | chosen for it eni y represented a 
posy or motto. Foren anal b collection 
of precious stones, f{ a motto; 
+5 |Seambers Book of Days, i. aa1. Sce 


| ‘Bot. Ry ed gar ALS. pot. E. 


a eames child. Written thseanus Du, fot ; > Swed, potta, 

owing to a po ni Wat fa post ie potte ; ow 6: G. pott. er hiso ipo, 
mun, into the impossible sense | Gael. ee uae , all from E. 

of ‘after the father is in the mee 


post- Feat. Aeleie aioe: now 


spelt pdtus (as if from L, pérdre, to 
ark Der. ¢o go fo pot, eg the 


Potal drinkable. (F,—L.)  F, 
potadie,—L, push, drinkable, = L, pd 
re to drink ; péfws, drunken.4Skt. pa, 
one drink, Allied to Gk, méaus, drink, mpa, 
Potash. (E.) From fof and ass; ash 
obtained by boiling down burnt vegetable 
substances in a pot, Latinised as potassa ; 
whence Sim, 






postil,an note or commen- 
on the Bible, (F.-L) M. F. postille. 
L. fostii/a, a marginal note in a 
Bible. Derived by Ducange from L. post 
file werba, i,e. after those words, because 
the glosses were added afterwards, 
: Aeapey sc gee (F.—Ital.—L.) F. 
tillort— fostiglione,a post-boy. = Ital. 
Pota' (L.) From L. poratio, a 


posta, a post; with suffix -ig/ione = L. 
] drinking.—L, po‘d/us, of ire, to 
be- | drink. Sco Pctable. roe 
Potato. (Span.—Hayti.) Span. pavara, 
a Potch, ton éatfafa, a yam. 
rust 5 sec Poach (2). 
(L.) L. pofent-, stem of 
; eon tent. d- pres. part. of forse, to be 
— possum, 1am able. Jessum is short 
for "fot-swm or "pote-sumy from otis, 
powerful, orig. ‘a lord;’ allied to Skt. 
pati-, 2 master, lord, Lithuan. -paris, Russ. 
~pode im os-fode, lord, Bn ahd 
Der, omnipotent. Despot. 


peastpons, to ‘put off, (L.) L. post. 
ponere, ee after, delay. —L. post, after ; 


From L. Paar bong after | pudder, the an ates on a 
id oak Sdresoman see = ii. sraeyeit valipged Doge iter. 3 
6 Potion, (F.-L.) F. fotion. = 1, 








POX PRECENTOR 
O, F, pooir (mod. F. pouvoir), to be able ; | Dan, Swed. prumd, show, parade ; M. Du. 


hence, as sb., er.—Late L. , to | pryken, to make a show. From a Teut. 
be able; fur L. posse, to be ‘See | type *frenkan-, str. vb. (pt. L. *prané, pp. 
Possible, Potent. 

Pox; see Pock. prank 2), trick. = An act done 
Praam, Pram, a flat-bottomed boat. | to shew off, a trick to make people stare ; 
(Du.—Slav.) Du, praam; M, Du. prame. Prete ky 

catch Weel Nhion, frat, Prate. M.E. praten. Cf. M. 
“aS rok anol a ea [Former] ae bet coon ¢, to prate, talk ; 
practise, from the verb fo ; M. Du. and Low 


.= Late L. practicdre. govt rind pice Du. praat, talk. of 
et ptr ate price imitative origin ; from a base "frat. Der. 
1 arcane sgenciracgr ee; et Fea og pratt-le, the entative form. 
of practicus.=Gk. mpaxtixds, fit for busi 1-L.1) ME. prane, 
ness; whence 1) mpaxrum, practical science, oe Parv. Perhaps (through a lost 
experience. = Gk. spdacew (=*npix-yur), i a grec ed rh sea-mussel ; 
to do, accomplish. Der. practition-er, M. res tmonerg ‘a fish called 
older a praia oe cachies Spe or pps Flin M. 
term Ee =A.F, 
* a practicer in law ;’ Cot. TT lane. (F. EX pean he 
» Pretor, » Roman magis- po ‘y= Precarious. Der. pray-er, 
trate. (L.) L. prater, it. « goer before, | M sina Phebe ar penne 
} for *pra-iter, — L. pra, before ; cdria, fem. of precdrius, ad 
Mtr. A. goer {rm ire, 0 Go ey, hs Geese ent oes or F,— eg te 
. (Fe —L— Prag pre-, pra, 
—— to business. = Fon eres, a locative em Hence 
p= Gk, Suinunad skilled in| numerous compounds, many of which, 
business. = Gk. rpayyar-, stem of mpaypo| like precaufion, are of obvious origin. 
(=*spax-pa), a deed, thing done. = Gk.| Preach, (F.—L.) M.E. prechen.=— 
mpacoe (= *rpde-yev), to See Prac- | O, epi i agence Eh =L. pre- 
Prairie, an extensive mead: F. Pacbend FL L.) O.F. prebende 
low. (F.— - 
L.) F. prairie, 1 meadow. = Late L,|(F. frébende).—L. prebenda, a payment, 
—s meadow-land.—L. prafum, a| stipend from a public source ; . fem, 
of gerundive of predzre, to » give, 
sb. (F.—L.) O.F. pres, price, | —L. pra, before, Aadére, to have; whence 
value, merit (hence, tribute to merit).<L. | Arehzbére, to hold forth, ——— 


pretium, price value. Der. dis-prarse. | to prebére. Der. 
Prance. (E.) M E. prancen, pranncen, Seetenlows:. as :F eine ob- 
selene: of ahorse; it pean a show, | tained by prayer or as a favour, doubtful, 


shew off; apparently an A. F. adaptation sya with suffix = L. precari, 
of M. E. pranken, to a fos Cf, Dan. dial. ty en ga: homens etre a prayer, 
prandse, ea to go cart as al +} to ask; Goth. /rasi-nan, 


; pransh, ; Swed, | A.S. ys xl to ask ; Lith. sraszyti ; 
dial, to shew off. apts Da, | Russ. prosite : Pers. pursidan ; Skt. pracch, 
, to make a show, to strut about;|toask. (4/PREK.) i, § 607. 


| ae See below, Precaution, (F.—L.) From Pre- 
(1), to deck, adorn. (E.) M.IE. | and Caution. 


Pranken, to trim; allied to obs. E. prink,| Precede, (F.—L.) O.F. preceder 
is a nasalised | (¥. préeéder).—L. precédere, to go before. 
form of pric; ef. Lowl. Sc. preeAé, to be| =L. pra, before; cédere, to go. See 

















Produce, vb. (L.) L. prouicere, 
Sia ance 
ag See Duke. Der. productive, 


impious. nan 3 F. profane. 
unholy; lit. before (i.e. 
of) the ote =L, pré, before ; 

Janum, a temple 
Profess. (F.—L.) We find M.B. pro 
Seria je eae ea from 0. — 


of ri, to wae Ls Prd, 
forth pug ee pig 


MI Py pore to 
luce, hase t pont atn to brio 
ard.—L, forwaid ; to ~ 

i yap reg Se Beer U) 

nl age stem 
of pres. rap mama make progress, 
ph sara pd 2 ase “ forward ; facere, to make, 


i — L.) Ital. proflo, a 


outline (Florio), i 
before, in front ; joerg (Ital. 
The mod. F. profi, 


Profits: ri, 

3 Pp- of profi- 
on “to dash down. ak ‘prs, forward ; 
Aligere, to strike, dash, See Afflict, 


aL. fundus, deep. 
=L. prd, forward, hence downward ; " fund-| = 
is, , Bottom, elled to Bottoms. Der. pro- 
Mratinn; whe (L.) et, 
of profundere, to pour mn a 
Sundere, y to por. See Fuse (1). 
(F.—L.) a agree neg 
gertour, = M, F. = L. prigens- 
forem, acc. nes ap tia ee an vay tad 


L. prd, before 
base of giemers aya GEN) See 


© progeny. pobre h | 
L. progeni?m, acc. dd pramit. lomge.| Brotoenton 


PROLOCUTOR 


ofispring. = L. grd-, forth; genus, kin. See 
Genus. 


F.-L.-Gk. 
ne Prenton agen 
=Gk. mpopwortinir, a o 
=Gk. mpd, before; yroorieds, good at 
ne, wing” Se Growl a . 


Gk.) meek ni opera 
fe 1 y L. 
| gramma= erg m 


owas ooh »a nee ep oho 
wri = 
a writing, from 


M.F. F 
ace. of grigresshs, an_advance.=L, 
» PP. io to go forwa: 

. pr, forward ; and gradi, to walk. See 
Grade. 


Prohibit, to check. (L.) From L, 
Prohibitus, pp. of prohibére, to hold before 
one, put in one’s way, prohibit. =L, pri, 
a ; Aabére, to have, keep. See 

t. 


Project, sb., pe ais L.) M. zs 
project (F. projet), 1 t, =e 
prétectum, veut, of ects, Pp 
deere itcere), to ding forte ree fe 
Late L.) to purpose, plan,=L, "pri, forth ; 
facere, to cast, See Jet (1). 

Prolate, extended in the direction of 
the ci mapa (L.) L. prolatus, 

—L. pri, forward; 109 carried, pp. of 
follere, to lift, bear. See Tolerate. 

Prolepsis, anticipation. (L.— —Gk,) L. 
eae .= Gk. peer lit, a taking be- 

Orehand.=Gk. mpd, before ; Agjyus, a seiz- 

ings from Aqjy-opar, fut. of AapBavew, sto 

See Catalepsy, 

a citizen of the lowest 

class, useful only by producing children. 

v. From L. frélétdrius, one who served 

the state by ie of his children only. 
L. prdles, offspring (below). 

prolife. (F.-L.) F.prolifgne, fruit- 
ful.—L. provi-, decl. stem of prives, off- 


peng § fae from jfacere, to make. 
gap priles = pré-oles, from pré, 
before, and *o/ére, to grow, whence 


ad-olescere, to prow up; cf. sttb-ofes, 

ind-oles, aa ro 1 pee 
\t.— ) « prolix c= 

the| déxws, extended. Lit. “that which has 

flowed esa or liga pay ai Ee 

lew wate Se’ ‘ 

of a con 


413 


Vii 














ragman (Calisch) ; 
priile, pril, a trifle. Root unknown. 
Proximity, (F.-L.) F. proximité. 
=L. proximtfdiem, ace, of proximitas, 
nearness. = L. jmus, very near; a 
superl, form from frope, near, See Pro- 


8 
i 
? 
: 


PSYCHICAL 


prouidens, foresecing, of i 
Staves to Sekancnee Lat bel = dere, to 
see, See Vision. 


Prune (1), to trim trees, bee: 


oT 
Very difficult. M.E, proinen, prunen, 
deve apna ot'paagiir Glen Gascoigne 


has proyne, to prune off shoots. Prob. 


Prune 2), a plum. (F.—L.— Gk) 
. prune, = priinum, = mpovvor, 
shorter form of mpotmvov, a plum. 

pranelia, a strong 
woollen stuff, hoe of a dark colour. 
(F.—L.—Gk.) F. prunelie, a sloe (with 
ref. to the colour); whence prime/la is a 
Latinised form. Dimin. of F. prune 
(above), 


Prurient, (L.) L. ient-, stem of 
of pririre, to itch, orig, to burn. 


from | Al to E. Freeze, 1. § 562. 
, to peer into, Poon inquisitively. 


—_ .E. prien. = O.F. prier, pre’, 
a viilade [to search for plunder].— Late 
L. prédare, to plunder, also to investigate ; 


= L. , prey; see Prey. 
Psalm, (L.—Gk.) M. E. psalm, for- 
merly salm. AS. seaim,=L. pralmus, = 
Gk, Lope pests wiper twitching the 
strings of a harp; also a 9 me 
Gk. yakAew, to touch, twitch, twang a 


a pe er 


arp, from @8y, a song; see Ode. 
, a stringed instrument. 
(F.—L.—Gk.) 0.F. psalterie (xath 
cent.).—L, psaltérium.= Gk. yodrhpiov, a 


. | kind of harp.—Gk. YoAryp, a herper.— 


Gk. paA-Aqw, to twang a harp; with 


.—Gk. yeid-os, falsehood 
(Goodie, alee), fron Petar, to the} Sripe, 
fi Name. 


Pshaw, interjection. (E.) An imita- 
Pees eps aye ) 
Pasychical, pertaining to the soul. (1. 


- 





Hn 
He 


; 
: 


i 


(F.-L.) O.F. pulpite.=L. | q 
heal ded Pun. ( 
beat 
spear ome 


a. 
Pumice. s e 
Lemons ae M. E. ae 

mice, = L, ic-, stem 
canine Febassn Tt bent: AAstie, farmer 
also A. S. fém, foam ; from its foam-like 
a . See Foam. 

2el, the same as Pommel, 

Pee aE pape, a 
(PF. —Teut. .E. pumpe.—F, pompe.— 
G. pumpe, also piumpe, which is like- 
wise an imitative form. Cf. prov. G, 
. | plumpen, to pump. B. The G. plumpen 
| also means to Flam, fall plump, 1 
. | suddenly and violently, from the plun 
action of the piston. It is therefore 
: Se renee (), of aetna se 7 

We even prov. E. slump, to pump, 
Com. plumgy, to pump; also Du. pomp, 
Swed. Least Dan. pompe, Russ. 
a pump, all borrowed words; and 
imitative forms) Span. and Port. domdba, 


a p, & bomb. 
Bump (2), thin-soled shoe (F.-L.— 
Gk) called because used for gomp or 
| ornament ; cs on mare lomb et de 

‘with a slow stately YiLe 
Pum: 


Q 


F53 


Tew, to Ti pho ge - 
. to pound ; hence 
them into new senses, 

at forced similes. Shak. has pon 


9 








PUTTOCK 


Puttock, « kite, hawk. M. E. 
, puttoh. seh a Tt 
seems 'to have been used in a contemptuous | G 
preg AS. Putfoc occurs as a name or 


Lew) WX sap) it 


putty; orig. (of 
bits of i] cf M. + pottein, 
bits of broken solder. All 
from F, fot, a pot, of origin, See 
Puzzle, « difficult F.-L. 
polis EN ae sb., tnd hr oo | 
fp opposayle apposayle 
Egat, ith the neo on, T) 
the verb oppose, deni-al from 
, &c. See Pose (2). 


¢ 

. (F.—L.-Gk.) M.F. pygmd, 
wi ey ike, Fate gfiingey ei 

Seartlike; pl. Pygmiat, the race ae 
Pygmies. = Gk. Mv-yyaior, pygmies, fabulons 
of the length of a rvyps), i.e. about 
op (from the elbow to the knuckles), 
= Gk, rvyph one. see Pugilist. Sk 


rea. ay eae 
— Wha = ah ale Lg ot lipo 


Prob: of Hayptian a 
Pe i tie BSE pr se 


ites, (L.—Gk.) L, pyrifer. = Gk. 

THs, a flint, ites ; ae an adj., 
onging to fire. = wip, fi re, 

belonging to reworks. 

Ne .) Coined from Gk. wvpo-, for rip, 

; Texvueds, artistic, from réxvy, an art ; 

see Technical, bs ..— tk) 

a large e. 
L. rpent slain by Avctto near 








QUADROON 
Teel. Aveta, Dan, guakke, to 


co gon Cf. T. coarare, to croak, 


fan to cry upanostrum. (Du.) 


Due to the older word ‘Asalver ; hence, 
to scat a paler of a quack. - 
Du. quacksalver. — Du 
Awaksalven, vb., to a salves in o 
trifling way. Cf. Dn. , to croak, 
which came to mean ‘to trifle, linger’ 
(Franck); and Du. za/f, a salve; ste 
Salve. 
forty days of Lent. 
) L. guadragésima, lit. fortieth ; fem. 
of guage older form quailre: 


| gemsueniws, fortieth, rE agin. on see 


wis dré-, related to gwattuer, four 
Finta allied ¢ to Gk, -worra (for *Sexovra), 
»|and to L. decem, ten, See quadrate. 
uadrangle. (F.-L.) F. guad- 

nimple =L. guadrangulum, sb., neut. of 
guadrangulus, four-cornered. bers quadr-, 
related to guattuer, four ; angu/us, angle. 
See Angle (1). 

quadrant. (L.) M.E. w= L. 


| guacdrant., stem of guadrans, sb., a fourth 


from L, guadr- above). 
quadrate. (L.) Yaa pp. of 
guadrare, to make square.—L.. . 
allied to gwaftuor,four; see Four. ety 


ii, § 168, 
wit (L.) For guadrien- 
nial, adj. — L, guadrienni-um, a space of 
four years; with suffix -a/.—L. peat 


| belonging to four; ams, a year; sec 
Annals. 


eS we -) Lipuadrilater. 
ws, four-sided ; with suffix -a/.=—L. 
(above); later-, for *lates-, stem of iatsis, 
aside, See Lateral, 

quadrille. Lge 
a game at cards for 
(1) fem., et esas or <a) aes 
but orig. fem., a 
former answers to Fea. fuadripin M. 
Ital. sguadrigtia, a troop; but t latter 
to Span. cuadrilla, pees Pe ayes of four 


-—L,) Formerly 
our. F. gwadrille, 


former name of Delphi. a square. = Late 
Pyx. (L.-Gk.) Shortened L. ap erny ae poe of quad, 

pyxit, a bo Oe ete tee Ok. q million raised to the 
wufos, box-wood. Allied to Box (1),| fourth ) Coined by prefixing 

Box (2). Ie quatre four, to -t/lion, which 

‘lion without the m. 
Q. pa eager (Span.—L.) For guart- 
Opa atte ac | DE yipsingh nbmirlpen ns 4 
queke, as a ‘Ss cry; one a fourth 
Posi Phony hae Sard also a fourth part. Span. 
aa 











RACK RAIN 


the same as wrack; in the | raf, refr, ope Sr ae 
goes to rack and mast see eae Ae to Gk. er 


tplpar to cover. ve (WRT) ‘] Not 








Baceith ote neck of (E) AS. co aghy wach boom AA 
, mutton, - t 
Feces eadateen of the head (; u A'S rane. yep cote oie pron 


see Somner, and Vocab. 463. ae We 
ara erg LF gh aoe to care; rack 


bove, 
Poor nd.) M.E. ragge. We only 
(8), to relate, from A.S, racw, an acconnt ; | fin 


ié, for *r rou, 
rm ‘aggige, rough, 


rack (9), @ of horse, i. e. 2 rock shagey ; as jormed from a sb. *rage-. = 
potatoes Rock abe ged ay igh, 6 | Nore rages rough hair, whence ragged, 
track, Racket (1), a SSenth (E. ragged); Swed. ragg, rough 
packet 7 ab with hair, whence ig, shaggy ; cel. reg, 
porte inde, .~ Span, — Arab. i ir, shagey. sense 
Sekine, Poe Dp Arh.) ALB. we the notion of untidi- 


ness, | The resemblance to Gk, pd«os, 
ashred of cloth, is accidental, Der. rag- 


stone, i.e. tugged stone; rag-twort, i.e, 


plant. 

(F.-L.) F. rage, = L, rabiem, 
acc. of raéiés, rage.=L,. radere, to mage. 
And see Rave. 
ee Fae —L.) F. ragoi?, a sea- 

to coax a sick 


man's wari oli wna re, a ; a, toy 


aoe Span. ragueta, a racket, battle- 
dor Arab, rit the pa of the hand 
(bence the fives, which 
— “ oth dy tena called in 
. paume, i. hand, though 
vik scoot et ow : 
origins chratle rap. So aloo Gash race 
igin ; cf. rats, . Soa A 
a noise; Reece: noise; Gael. rae, to 
make a noise like geese or 


its 


o Enebg steeay goiter, to taste.—L. re-; ad; gustare, to 
Bacy, of strong flavour, spirited. (F.— | taste. See Gust (2). 

Ttal.; with E. ») Rae a Raid. (North E.) A Northern form 
tive of its race, me to its See|of E, road. Cf. Icel, retd, a riding, a 
Race (2). road, See 


Road. 
Bail (1), a bar. (F.—L.) M.E. rail, 
Not found ‘in A. 5S. =O. F, reille, a rail, 
bar; Norman dial. rai/e.—L. régu/a, a 
bar, See Rule. Cf Low G. vege a tail 
is | cross-bar; Swed. reve/, a bar, bolt; G. 
Vn 2 Meroe, rigi/, a bar, bolt; all 


Bail (2), to brawl, scold. (F.) F. 
railler, to Bevan O.F. railiz, sb, 
in unknown. Der. rayif- 

, F. veitlerse banter. 

(3), 0 bird. (F.—Teut.) 0. F. 
raalle; M.F. rasie, ‘a rayle,' Cot,; F, 
rdle. ‘(From its ery.) 

Rail (4), part of « woman's night-dress. 
\E-) See Halliwell and Palsgrave. M,E. 
rejel.—m A. S. Aragi, Aregi, a dress, robe, 
swaddling-clothes. + O. Fries. Avail, veil; 
bes H. G. Aregit, a garment. Teut. type 
maleneut. | (K-L and Scand,; with 
F. suffix.) Short for arrai-ment; see 


(Ls) From stem of 
. of L. radidre, to shine. = L. tig 


5 ov. . = L. | fi 
radicem ; see Radix, 4 Or the F. radis 

radice. 

Radius, a ray. (L.) L. radius, a ray. 
Doublet, ray (1). 

a root. (L.) ro See (CA 
rédic-), a root,4-Gk, padif, o branch, rod 
Aidapves, a twig. See Root and Wort. 

Der. radic-al, L. radicdlis. 


Raffle, « kind of lottery. (F. — G, 
ay Mad ete, CB — 








RANCID 
and drink together ; formerly, ta ranke,' 


Minsheu. Prob. borrowed = 
rene, a rank; A games ata 


Range. 

Rancid. (L.) L. rancidus,rancid. Cf. 
L, rancens, as if from an infin. 
*rancére, to stink. 

rancour, (F.—L.) M. E. rancor. = 
A.F. rancour, =| 


My ag ae rena (F.— | ace. 
wR al | uaa 


+; from O.F. randir, to ran 
swiftly. Soalso Span, de rendon, de rendon, 


ili 
*h 


due to confusion with O. F. a mo 


fk slender Fike things of quick growth 
Teel. radtr (for *rankr), straight, slender, 
Swed. ran&, long and thin, Dan. rand, erect. 
to fester, (F.— L. = Gk.) 
. , to fester; O. F, draencler, 
raoncler, rancier (so that it once began 
with @; see Godefroy).—O.F. draoncie, 
vaoncle, rancle, an eruption of the skin.= 
Late L. dranculus, (1) a 
little dragon; (2) a kind of ulcer (as 
were supposed to be 





RAPE 


patie ohare dpemecgas | 
to selkja, to seek, Tee 
stands for *rasn, and is the same as 


+ Gael. rannsatch, from Scand. 
grants (F.-L.) M.E. 
ransoun (with fin nO. raénson, 


later aransom, = L. redemptidnem 

ace of dom , a buying back, = L, 

oecie of redimere, to redeem; see 
blet, redemption. 


Rant. (Ds.) M. Du. randten, to dote, 
; also spelt ramden ; see Kilian, 

Ct a ranfern, to prate. 
Rantipole, a aie (Low G.) 
nyo M. Du. wrantigh ries. wranterig, 
Low G, wrantig, vst quarrelsome ; 


.|and Poll, See Frampold. 


Ranunculus, (L.) L. rimunculis, a 
little frog; also, a plant. Double dimin. 
of rdna, a a - 

Rap (1), to ¢e smartly; a smart 
stroke, (Scand.) Dan. raf, a rap, tap; 
en "tg aptoms Swed. rafpa, to beat ; 

to rattle. imitative 

wien to Rattle, Racket (2), 

(a), to snatch, seize “hasty (E.) 

M.E. rapen, to hasten, act hastil — 
M. Du. rape, ‘ to raj UP, 


ham; Du. rap, qui eS peasy a 


. | fall, tumble, hasten, hurry ; Swed. nappa, 


to seize, snatch, Dan. rapfe, to make 
haste; Swed. a quacks 


, Dan. 
‘ude Ghenadae, te 4 m 


to snatch. 


fertile; | base *hrap-. @ Chiefly in ra phrase to 


: x |Bapacion 


And see Rapt, Rape (1), 
(L.)  Coined from L. 


ni pa for rapax, vie =L. rapere, 


sp. Brugm. i. § 47 
“Hae (1) OF vorce, (FL) 
rnd Nom dist rape, rap: cf, Late 


L. rapret, vapus (for L, raptus), O.F. 
eae ace, of rapfus, a rape, 


rye, PP . of rafera, to seize, 
Ct. O. F. raper, Miners go to seize, 
f. But, apparently, con ith M E, 


rope, haste, hurry, a common word; see 
Chaueer’s lines to Adam Scrivener. = Icel. 
4rap, rain, falling down, Arapadr, 0 hurry, 

; rap, Dan. rap, 
; see Rap (2). 


Joa plant, (L) MLE, rapes 
aja > " = 
pan a turnip, a ra 4 ck 











Der. raf, vb., to desert one's party, as 
rts are said to leave a falling house. 
*aata i ‘F.—Arab. and 
Ratafia, » fies 

Malay.) auf 

- 'y arag the 

where arag is borrowed Arab. ‘arag, 


shroudsofa ship. (E.; and F.—L.) Now 
‘turned into , as if affording ladders 
for rats to up by. But the old term 
was , or raddelyng of the 
shrowdes, Naval Accounts (1485-97)s ed. 
papel: Bee Bat is slo 
a5 I. . 
pray. 


RAVEL 


Also spelt ra/an (Johnson), — Malay rdtan, 

the rattan-cane. 

to take away o workman’s | 
trades’ union. 


tools for the 


rum-arrack, | (F.—Low L.—Teut.) Aafen is the Hal- 
called /ajia; | lamshire (Sheffield) word for a rat; hence 


applied to working secret mischief, which 
is attributed to rats, ‘I have been raf- 
tened; 1 had just put a new cat-gut band 
upon my lathe, and last night the rafs have 
carried it off;' N. and Q. 35. xii. 192. 
M. E. ravon, a rat.—F. raten, dimin. of 
F. raf; see Rat. 
Rattle, to clatter. (E.) M.E. ratelen. 
A.S. "Anetelan, only preserved in A. 5. 
Aratele, Avatelwyrt, rattle-wort, a plant 


~| which derives its name from the rattling 


of the seeds in the capsules.4Du. 


vatelen, 
. |G. rasseln, to rattle; allied to Gk. «pad- 


aiver, to shake. Cf. also Gk, «pdradov, 


“Baught, pt. t of 

t. of Reach, gq. v. 
Ravage, Nee 4 (h_L) F. 
ravage, ‘ ravage ;" Cot.=F, ravir, to bear 
away suddenly. — Folk-L rapire, L. rapgers, 
2 seize. See Rapid. Der. ravage, vb. 


Rave. (F.-—L.) M.E, raven.-0.F. 
raver, cited by Diez, s. v. réver, as a Lor- 
raine word; hence the derivative ravasser, 


| ‘to rave, talk idly ;* Cot. has 
O. F. resver, raver, rever, PBs mb 


Latourens cited ay = 
rasse). ied to Span. radi 
rave, a verb formed from the sb, rabia, 
rage, allied to L. radiés, =L, radere, 
to rage; sce Rabid. This is the 
— ion given by Diez; but see Korting, 
§ 6598. 


s 


| Bavel, to untwist, unweave, entangle. 


M.Dnu.) The orig. sense has reference to 
untwisting of a or woven texture, 
the ends of threads of which become after- 
wards entangled. To smrave/ is to disen- 
tangle; to ravel out is to unweave.=M. 
Du. revelen, to ravel; mod. Du. rafe/en, 
E. Fries. , to fray out, unweave ; 
Low G. ein, to fray out, Cf Du 
, EF ey rijel, 
Norman dial. raviler, to mvel; 
Pomeran. rabde/m, in, to ravel out. 
casseweais of. ALS. di (or 
2), to unra’ Capes’ "Ss 
flor p- 245 L a2. @ The 
. ravelen, to dote (from ©. F. réver, 


A 


ee ee Cf. prov. 
, a hurdle ; rod,| M. 
has see Rave), is a different word. Der. wn- 
a cane. (Malay.) | raved. 
435 








a 





RECOURSE REDOUND 


gem Ngo and F, covger, to| Recuperative, tending to recover. 
see Coppice. 1.) 1. = otro md oogesty Sanya: 
uischtane, -—-L.) F, recours.=L. : recuperdré, to See 
recursim, acc. of recursus, a back; 
pole of recurrere, to run pals 
> ewrrere, to run; see Current. 

. (F.=-L) habeas 1 


























able. —L 


Recur. (L.) L. reeurrere,to run back, 
recur. = L., re-, back; currere, to run; see 
‘Current. 


Recusant, ene cre ego 
L.) F. ame oP rejecting, Cot. ; pres. 
pt. of récuseroL. Heiner ebes rec 
oppose a,cause or opinion. =L, re-, i 
from | caussa, a cause. See Cause 
Bed. (E.) M. peg gion eg 
ALS. réad.4-Du. rood, 
| Swed. ria, G. roth, Goth. rands. 'Teut, 
*rauder. Further allied to Gk. 
pos, Irish and Gael. ruath, W. rhudd, 
L. ruder (for *rudhro-), red; ef. Russ. ruda, 
Skt. redhira-, blood. Note also the Ice!, 


lieve again, r 
(hence, to give io ge is terkies, to 
believe again, recant, give in—L. re-, 


ment).=L. recredtus, pp. of recredre, to 
revive, refresh. =—L. re-, again; credre, to 
Create. 


make. See 
Recriminate. (L.) From L. re-, 
sein and erimindius, pp. © 
accuse of crime, from crimin-, for | 
oP sort See 
(F. 4 FE. i recruter,t0 
troops (Littré). ill-formed word, 
from reerute Season form of reerne, 
fem. ueserd) pp. of recroitre, to grow 
again, F. receue, sb., means ‘a levy of | sore) ; Prompt. Parv, From A.S, 
troop lit. “ new-grown. JmL. recrescere,| red; guna, matter of a sore, 
renovation, (L.) 


to grow .=L. re-, again; crescere, 
to 3 See Oxeacant,. 4 From L. integriitio, restoration. = L. 
rea-, again; integer, whole, entire. See 
Integer. 


Redolent, fragrant. (F.—L.) M.F. 
redolent. = L. redolent, Maine Bhan of 


Th relate tok te - Faumery 

toatone for. 

redeme. Coined from L. ved, bad 

emere, to buy. (Cf M. F. re, cre 

redeem ;’ Cot.— L. redimere, to pes dae 

Der. redempt-ion (from the pp, rdem splat). 
a disease infants, (E.) 

M. E. reed gounde, ied mate 


L. 

ne Réetus was orig. the pp. of , | redolére, to emit odour; =L, red-, again; 
See Regere and Angie (1) olzre, for ‘odére, to be odorous; set 

‘: ptieke F. rectifier. = Late | Odour. 
es S slahe Giheve)} dboare foxfaewrs: | Or ty pepe mi 
rectus, ie or, ~ spelt ; con- 
jo make. fusion with able, F. redoute.— Ital. 
\ Feotilinear. (L.) From L. rectiline-| ridotto, 2 place of retreat. Ital. ridotto, 
nah Hee. riduifo, pp. of ridurre, to bring home.— 


| L. redticere,to bring back. L. re-, back ; 

- | diicere, to lead. See Duke. 

. (F.—L.) MF. re. 
O.F. redouter, M.F, 





anor of recuméere, to recline ; vias 
a masalied form allied Lo cubire 
toliedown, See Incumbent and Covoy. 








RELICT REMUNERATE 


in the $ rere mai 

se hm emai. relnguere 1 
=- s de to 

oo ca re-, 3 linguere, 


word.=—L, re-, back; manddre, to send; 
Mandate, 


sce 

to take notice of. (F.—L. 
and Teut.) F. remarquer, to mark, 
note, heed.=—L, re-, again; marguer, to 
mark, from margue, sb. a mark; see 


Mark (1 
» (F.—L.) M.E. remedie.= 


ALF. remediz, O. F. remede, mod. F. 
Hcy et pee rag aor a 

t. | w in.= L. re-, again ; 

. |to heal. Sec Medicine. ; ; 

Remember. (F.-L.) 0.F. remem- 
brer.=L. rememorari, to prem abe 
piety; |7e-, again ; memordre, to make mention 

in ener, mindful pcbpomar 

Remind, to bring to mind again. 

)|and E,) From Re« and Mind, 

.| Reminiscence. (F.-L.) M.F. re- 
miniscence, = L., reminisceniia, remem- 
brance, = L. reminiscent-, stem of pres. 

of remeinis¢f, to remember. = L. rea 






think, (4/MEN. 

Remit, to abate. (L.) L, seemittere 
(Pp. vemissus),to send back, slacken, abate, 
=L. re-, back; miffere, to send; see 
Missile. Dor. remiss, adj, from pp, 
remissus, remiss-ion, 

Remnant, (F.—L.) M.E. reman- 
aunt.—O. F, remanant.—L. remanent, 
stem of pres. pt. of remanére, to remain ; 
. |see Remain. 


¥. retiguaire ,’ a casket wherein nes be 
kept; “Raga rep wera me 
sense), = L. reliquia-, . stem of reli- 
guia, relics ; see Relic (above). 


7% 
g, 
4 


te. (L.) From pp. of 
Late L. remonstrare, to expose, to produce 
, | arguments against.—L. re-, again; mon- 
; | strdre, to show, from monstrum, a portent; 
see Monster. 


if 

2~ 
a 
BE 

Le 
ar 


| remorsus, pp. of remordére, to bite again, 
to vex.=L. re-, again; mordére, to bite; 
see Mordacity. 

Remote, distant. (L.) L. remdtus, 
pp. of remouére, to remove ; see Remove. 


af 
$ 


zt 
“Es 
er 
RES. 
Al 
eer 


i 
E 
“ 


: 
= 
ce 
Bio 
tm 
& 
L 
Ls 


if 
ul 


Remunerate, 

. |From pp. of remtiinerdre, reminerari, 
. |to reward.=L. re-, apain ; miinerdre, to 
bestow a gift, from msiner- (for *msines-), 















































RUGOSE 
ae Daeg bela (L.) L. rit- 
gous, adj. riign, awringle. Cf. Lith. 
sli ecslkto, Peak T Geer 
Brugm. ii. § 628. 
Buin, (F.—L.) F. ruine,=L, — 
an a ee ruere, to rash, 
Bale, sb. (F.- 1.) M.E. reuse, rive 
=A.F, rewle,O. F. riule, reule (F. regte) 
ao Si So rule.—L. regere, to rule. 


a " of | 
his oi. by nt ac ste pi sn 


Rumb, Bhumb, « line for directing 
a ship’s course on a chart; a point of the 
compass, (F,— Span. —L,—Gk,) See 
Ruech tx Phillips. =F. rumb, ‘a roomb, or 
int of the compasse, a line drawn directly 
im wind to wind in a compasse, travers- 
boord, or sea-card;' Cot.—Span. (and 
ip represented 
by spiral lines on glob). —L. rhombum, 
of rhombus, a ere circle, a 
aeidoen =Gk. fiuBos, a top, a magic 
we. whirling motion; also a rhombus. 
See Rhomb. ‘Rhomb meant revolution of 


Milton, P. L. viii. 134; hence 
whinge Vines, &e. g Yo con- 


ee ruin, which mea means 
eb 


the hold of a 
eee eae 


. | villain; Ch. C.T. seg TT 
| iin Cn a6 


RUNAGATE 


Buminate. (L.) From pp. of L. rit- 
ra ae = ste let 
ramin-, ramen, 

Allied to L. ri-gire, to roar, dled 
é&-puyh, a roaring, w-pt-opat, I roar; Skt. 


ru, to bom, Bea, Your (4/REU,) See 
Rumour. 
2 to search 
-| CEL; with F. suffix.) Doe to the 


roomage, i.e. stowage; whence 

romage, vb, to find re too for ae 
ing of things in a ship, also rummage, vb., 
to clear a ship's hold, to search narrowly 


(Phillips). 
Rummer, « sort of drinking-glass. 
(Du) Used "vor Rivenish wine. ‘Rhenish 
rummers ;" den, = Du, roemer, romer, 
a wine-glass ; zai G, rémer, a lorge 
wine-glass ; hence G . rémer, 2 Tummer. 
boasting, Seiad as ag! to 
in praise of a toast’; Fienck. Cf. c 
im, praise; O, Sax. Arém: also Icel. 
A [eae ee praise. mith “ie ghee | 
( am) ; J some as a 
*Romish 


Bumonur, SE — L.} M.E. ramowr, = 
it, | F. rumeur.—L, ace. rimérem, from rif- 
mor, a noise, murmur, Cf. L, riimifdre, to 

=4/REU, to make a hum- 


ple. (E.) The M.E. form is 
rimplen, to rimple. imple and 
are from the same verb, viz. A.S. Arimpant 
oo age aged see Rimple, 
Do. ren, » Port, S ane 
rompel, rimpel, a wrinkle ; cf. G. ri 
to wrinkle; O, H. G. hrimfan, str. vb, 
Run. (E.) M. E. Ryne ptt. ron, 
PP. runnen, ronnen; A.S. rinnan, pt. t. 
rann, pp. : also found in the 
irnan, pt. t. arn, 4+ Du. 
— ae renna, Dan. a 
rae 56 rit § 6 ary ~ 
at i. § 
wes, (F.= A 


an apostate, 
corr 


i 








Pater of 


runne a gate,run on the road, 
be a vagabond.]=O, F. renggat, ‘ 














a 


Hepa ; WBpa, a seat, from Hoya, 
Sans. .--L.) F. sans, without; O.F. 
Slee esos kane 


“Sanskrit. (Skt) Skt. saiskyta, lit. 
‘symmetrically formed.’ 


ers hax wade Bom ee a 
, to 
yey oes See Create. 


ae 


to 
L. 
on (2), to undermine. (F.—Late L. 


mers saper.—O. F, sappe (F, 
, of an Cf. Span. sapa, 
i ayant Le tp, 


Gk nee a eee sige oKaTres, ~ 
Tagla paso. (L.) Rare. L. sapidus, 


savoury. = L. , to taste; also to be 
wise. Cf. O, Spt et 


He 


sapientia, wisdom, = L. 
pres. pt. of sapere, to be wise. 
» soapy. (L, — Tent.) 
Coined, as if from L. *rdpindceus, from 
L. sdpinem, acc. of sige, soap (Pliny). 
Sapphic, a kind of metre, (L.— aia) 
L. safphicus, belonging to Sa 
Gk. Zampw, Sappho of Lesbos, d ahoat 


B.C. 
(F.—L.—Gk, — Heb.) 
saphir.mL, . = Gk. iain 


a sapphire. Cf. Pers. safftr, 


sarhand, lit. “a fillet for fastening 4 a pass 
head-dress.’ = Pers, sar, head ; éand, band 

Baracen, (L.—Gk.— Arab.) L. sara- 
eenus, lit. one of the Eastern people. — 
Late Gk. Zapaxyvds. Arab. sharyin, pl. 
epee otek tees arent teen 

sun. 

asneer. (F.—L,—Gk,) F. 
savcasmeé. = L. sarcasmus, = Gk. capwac pds, 
a sneer.=Gk. copwa(er, to tear flesh, to 


bite the lips in to sneer. = Gk. aape 
stem of dpf, flesh, Der. pervastic, Ok. | 
fapcarrinés, sucering. 


. = Heb, sappir (with initial | 








SASSAFRAS 


erent a thin silk, (F. 
=—L,—Gk.— Arab.) poy sage 
ida betes Bete Loe Te saracéns- 
cum, sarcenet.—L. Saracéuus, Saracen; see 


Saracen. 

Sarcophagus. (L.—Gk.) L. sarco- 
Phagus, a stone tomb; made of a lime- 
stone which was su to consume the 
corpse (Pliny), = Tapropiyos, fesh- 
ny Sos wiser hence lime- stone. — Gk, capxo-, 
for odpé, 3 payer, to eat, See 
“qandine 


Sesetne Xe mt small fish, (F.—L.— 
sardina, sarda.— 

¥ “she we a kind of fish, 
(2),a gem. (L.—Gk,) L, sar~ 
amed 


Gk.) F. 5 
Gk. 


dinus.= Gk. wos; Rev. iv. 3. N 
from Sardis, in Asia Minor Pliny) 
sardi' seve \L,=—Gk.) | 
— sardii te). te. aépaios, 
is (above). 
used of grim laughter. (F. 


-L.=— oi "F. sardontque, formerly sar- 
dosticn, ii ris sardonien, ‘a lorced 
or cucoleane mirth ;’ Cot.—L. Sardomicus, 
usually Sardonius. = Gk, sapdivios, also 
barr said to be derived from oap- 
Sévror, a plant of Sardinia (Zépiw), said to 
screw up the face of the eater; see Vergil, 
Ecl. vii. 41. 


Sexhony: L,- aeeik L. sar- 
denyx,=—G caphivvt, % e. Sard er ini 


=Gk. capd-, for pom Sardis, in Ledley 


‘ecemipeaiiin, (tyenss.Sen 
n. Sarca~ 
— ae a plant. Pac Zarta means 

‘bramble,’ perhaps from ue sartsra, 
a bramble; paril/a is generally referred to 
Parilla, the name of a physician who pre- 
scribed the use of sarsaparilla. 

Sarsnet; see Sarcenct. 

Bash (a case or frame for panes of 

L.) Adapted from F. chdssis, 

‘a Feriaciotebed tee tele? Cot. ; or 
from O. F. chasse (F. chdsse), a. case, shrine. 
-L. capsa, a case. See Chase (3) and 
Case (2), 

Sagh (2), a scarf, girdle. (Pers.) For- 
merly shash. = Pers. shast, of which one 
meaning is ‘a gindle wom by the fire 
worshippers’; ae — ay 

Sassafras, 2 kind of laure! nuh — 
Span.—L.) F. sassafras. = 
from O. Span. sassafragia, t herb saxie 
7| frage ; sassafras was so named from being 
| supposed to possess the like virtue,—L 
| saxifraga ; see Saxifrage. 


463 








SAVOUR 
=m aaa F, sarviette). =. saturdia, | scauderk, 






“savour. (F.—L.) 0. F. savour, later 
saveur.—L, sapdrem, acc, of safer, taste. 
fam eae. See 
Savoy, « 
Brought from Savoy. 
pas (1), a cutting instrument. 

M.E, sawe. A.S, sagu, lit. a cutter; from 
and 
cut. 
ae, 
meee save. 

A sa 5. seegan, 
 Alied te = ‘pa-saka, a saying. 
Doublet, saga, See Bay. 
a kind of hom. Named 

ght thes te renniey deSolpte Sou, Peete 
man ; ab. 1840. 


Saxon, a Teut. race. (L.—Teut.) Late | scat 
L. Saxons, pl., =A. 5S. Searan, 
Saxons ; use armed with a short 


sword.= A. S. seax, a knife, lit. © cutter ;' 
O, Fries, sax; a renay le stone 
implement. 


Peoiese tf Ss es 
Bea a he ree te a 


One sige, 
G. sagen, O.H.G. sagén. Cf. Lithuan. 
sakyii, to say; Gk. dvvere (for "iv-cen-e), 


O. L. tn-see-e, _ s., tell, say. See 
Sweet, N. E, Gr. § 1293. 

arty). abeaet . (F.—L. =Gk.) 
O.F, sate, say. (Cf. 


. Saya, Saye, 
tunic; sayefe, a thin thin stoff. So called | * 
called natin say apd 


a 3) nal aa a icind 0 of 
. mantic; 


esimty; Bee 

Scab. (Scand.) Dan. Swed. shad, + 

G. schabe; A.S, scead, seed, scab, itch. 

Lit. ‘something that is scratched ;" ef. L. 
to scratch, 


Shave and Shabby. 
Scabbard. (F,—Teut.) M.E. scaudbert, 


made up of O. F, escaée, a scale, husk, 






(E.) | 


. | cf. Span. and Ital. 


| emgperes racing thay eg 2 The atter 


seabiés, itch. See | scii/a, 


SCALE 
seaderk, a scabbard; answering 
to O,F, escanberc, only in the 
pl. escanders ( ). The F, word is 


te 


and -derc, a protection (as ‘as in O. 

berc, ya barey a hanberk) =O, - HG. sealay 
a sca case ;, dergan, to hide, 
tect. Thus scabbard = scauberk = ‘in 
berk, with the reduplicated sense of * cover- 
cover,’ or protecting case. See Scale (1) 
and Hauberk. 

Scabious. (F.—L.) M, F. scadiense, f, 
=L. scabiésa (Aerba), a plant supposed to 
be good for skin-eruptions, = L, scadizs, an 
itch. See Boab, 

Pl ae er re M.E, 
=0O.F. *escafalt, only found as 
escafaut, eschafaut (also chafant), mod. F. 
echafaud, a scaffold, Short for escadafait 
(Burguy), where es- represents L. ex, prep, ; 
falco, # funeral 
br” also a os = abet F, 
catafalgue’ e former 

of catafaico may be allied to S an 
thaps due to L. fa/a, a kind of 

Id. (Doubtful.) 
“Scald (1), to burn, (F.—1.) M.E. 


| scalden.—O.F, *escaider, later eschauder, 


to scald (F. échander).—L. excaldire, to 
wash in hot water. L,. er, out, very; and 
caldus = calidus, hot. See Caldron. 
Scald (2), scabby. (Scand.) For 
a ive. afflicted with the scaé’; see 


“Bala (), «poet poet. (Scand.) Teel. shad, 
older form séd/d (Noreen), 

(1), a shell, a flake, (F.- 
O.H.G.) M. E. scale, =O. F. escale (F. 
écale), —O. H.G. seala (G. schale). + A.S, 
sceale, scalu, a shell, husk, scale ; Dan. and 
Swed, sha/, a shell, , Frou Devt, base 

“skal, 2 ‘grade of str. vb, *skel-an-, to 
cleave, “divile; ef. Lith, shel-ti, to cleave ; 
Gk. oedAAay,to stirup, to hoe. (4/SKEL.) 
See Shale, Shell, and Skill. 

scale (2); a bow! or dish of a balance, 


- | (F.—Tent.) [Formerly also sea/e; cf. eel, 
Bay (3), to essay; short for assay or | 


ofa balance.) M. E. scalecm 
O. F. escale, Ske grr (Godefroy). = Icel. shi/, 
Dan. skaal, S bowl; Du. schaal, 
scale, bowl. Allied to Scala (1); being 
from Teut. base r£2/-, 3rd grade of *skelan-, 
Beale (3), «ladder, gradation. (L.) L 


shal, a scale 


i.e. *scan(d)-slds - map Bigeye 
See Scan. 


465 


es 























SGRUFF 


of heath tied tightly together for clean- 
ing Clinary wens” Jamieson 
ficruple. FOL) F. serupule, ‘a 
little sharp stone . . in a mans shooe,’ Cot. ; 
hence a ‘ity, doubt, also 
a small weight. 
sertipulus, a sharp stone, dimin. of serfipus 
arab (L.) L, scratinizn, 

. Se acare- 
sunt, Si'cacny eke me 
C iy, as if a en - 

noe mong ; pieces. 
Scud, to run quickly. (Scand.) Cf. 
Dan. shyde, to shoot ; over steun, lit, 
‘to shoot over the stem,’ to scud along; 
shudsteen, a stone quoit, called in Scotch a 
lane, i 


dum, ace. of | d 


i. rilis, adj., from seurra, a buffoon. 


SCUTIFORM 


scutra, a flat tray. 
a kitchen menial, (F.—L.) 
Not allied to scud//ery. The true sense is 
a dish-clout, a name transferred to the 
maid who used it; just as mawsin meant 
both ‘ maid" and ‘ dish-clout.’=M. F. es- 
couilion, ‘a dish-clout, a maukin;' Cot. 
‘The same word as Span. 7 


dimie. of eet (O. F. oS a brush, 
broom.=L. sedpa, a twig; pl. , a 
broom or brush made of smal toed 
Sculpture, (F.—L.) F. sculpture. = L. 
pein sculpture, lit. a cutting, = L. 
si + Pp. of sculpere, to cut, carve; 
allied to min , to cut. 
( -) Dan. skum, froth; 

Swed. stuw, froth ; E. Fries. schtim, Do. 
schuim; G. schaune (as in meer-schaum), 
(SKEU, to cover.) Der. stim. 

8Scu . (E.) *Seuppers, the holes 
through which the water runs off the deck ; * 
Coles (1684), Phillips has scoper-Aoles, 
ag pen i. e. lader out of water; from 
scoop, vb., to lade out water. (The Du. 
name is spiegat, lit, ‘spit-hole.') See 


Booop, 
Scurf, (Scand.) From Swed. shor, 
Dan. skurv, ~ 3 Icel. pinta hse: 
+ AS. seurf, scorf; Du. schurft, G. 
schorf. From “skerf-, weak grade of 
“sherfon-, as in A. S. sceorfan, to scarily, 
gnaw. Der, scurv-y. 
» buffoon-like. (L.) L. sewr- 
Scurvy, scabby, shabby. (Scand.) 
An adj. formed from seurf (above). Hence 
disease, the scurvy, much confused 
with F, scorbut, the scurvy (Littré), 
, 2 tax ona knight's fee. (M. 
Lat.) From Med. L. seritdginm. = L. scii- 


| tem, a knight's shield, orig. a shield. See 


aire. 
"Beuteb, toebeat flax. (F,—Seand.) 


ed. | From O. F. escouche, eseuche, a scutch or 
Aufoud- | swingle.—Norw. shoka, shukn, 


a scutebh 
for beating flax. 
Scutcheon; sce Hscutcheon. 
Soutiform. (F.—1.) M.F. scmsi- 


) a shoal of fish; see School (2). | forme, like a shield, <1. seité-, fe 
y. iat 2 Sessa ad; soem ian piers 


































































































































































































SYCOPHANT 
= Ly » = Gk, 


Better sycomore, Sycomorus, ks 
Ce ges eae 


‘of 


> parasite. 
lit. ‘ fig-shewer," also 
adviser. (Etyme 

eae alls preeteg Rad Pcie 
usual ex, 


for the 

nation, ‘informer 
who sacred figs rom Ain ¥ 
unauthorised. =k, anno ag 4 
 reenomal palvew, 


‘Syllable. bei eae apboerneny 
also si/lable.—L. 

a syllable, lit. « ing couur 
of a word as makes a sing! sound or ele- 
ment, = Gk. owA-, for avr, septa: Aap-, 


SiiiSotape, ceamntts Some 
(F.—L.= =! F.. sagismesm og news 
gismus.= fc TR , 
Gk. ovAAoylgopan ogether, reason. 
=Gk. ava- wer’ sa 


I reckon, from pe ib a ainectlig — 


aginary being inhabitin 

ecu ry nS Gk.oDpe 
a kind of worm end cnciovatle On 
ihia:srced 3 -wenld coon that Patnbalae 
formed the name sy/phe; he also used the 
names gnome, salamander, and nymph (all 


=a vate in), to ely, a 
iin), t sel. expecting 


Hence 
arava ap a false form, but onl 
age on the hypothesis of a G 

oo if from a nom. *ovAges (base 
ne). : Littre’s explanation, that 
o 


, Seems to me 
oe oct Paracelsus could dly have known 


Leia misspelling of Silvan. 


(F.-—L.-Gk.) F. 
ae cecclsades 3 
a ane le 
gether, com 


hich infers 
fant yng eames 
me Pian (ov), 


M. F. 


m_ (=a), 
rok tay ovp- 


537 


eee ‘The third 7) Gk. 





SYNDIC 


= Gk. cup, for ovy, 
tee a he 
. cL Gk) ye aymt~ 


mil, peornphion =n 


music (Lukexv. 35). =Gk. Sotuiureh 
= Gk, cvp-, for ctr, together; 
. See Phonetic. 


amenry feast. (L.— ay 
[art Rcepule 


tov, a 
- Sale - (for ovr) to- 
1 have 
oe ger rims, a rink. See Potab’ 
Set | (FL --L.—Gk. ad 


ae 
an indication of an 
Properly a medical —_ 
3 Cot. = L. zm 
. ae casualty, ing that 
befals one. = Gk. pr he to 
with. ts wise rn (err) together; wirre, 


gir {Ein Gk.; F.-L. 
or - 
Gk. spelling 'of Gk. atv, toe 
oo ta becomes sy/- before / fers 
6, m, p, phy and sy 
Sor s. 


the coalescence of two 
vowels into a diphthong. (L.=$Gk.) L. 
eaeten = Gk. awaipeos, a taking to- 
ove, together; aipeou, a 


get pepe. Fe 
‘yey9, 2 bringing, from dyer, 
to (@ AG.) 
syaticnie, a coalescence of two syl- 
lables into one. (L.=Gk.) L. syna 
= Gk, ovvadougr}, lit. a smearing together. 
=Gk. ovr, together; drciper, to aes 
allied to Aiwos, grease. Cf, Skt. /ip, ta 
besmear, anoint. 

concurrence in time. 


Gk.) Gk. evyxporrpds, — Gk. ciryxpores, 
Cy Cavercgecaten i -» for evr, to- 
gether; xpdvos, time. Sec Chronicle. 
dro ater ible (Le oy = 
sy c. A = rom 
avert teak - f which the _— 
sense is Ticawete! swoon, Br meek omar 
a i a also, syncope. eter vyxorq, 
— 5 \. 
any ee ert et 


“tow 9); Dek teal ntiaiecoanetes 
See Apocope. 
Syndic, (F.—L.-—Gk.) F. syndic, ‘a 


Caney censor, ey of a. 
L. syndicus. = oivhinos, i" 
helping in & court of justice; as a sb. a 

































































































































































VERMICULAR 


applied to obnoxious insects, &c. 
from a Lat. adj, *#erminnus, formed 
wermi-, decl. stem of wermis, a 
worm, cognate with E. Worm. 

Semaonian, — a) From L. 
uerndcul-us, adj,, native ; belonging 
to a home-born slave. = L. werna, a 
home-bom slave. Lit. ‘dweller;’ cf. 
ee (4/WES.) Brugm. ii. 


‘Vernal. @) L. werndlis, extended 
from nernus, to om L. wer, 


1 


acc. , 
translation. = L. wersis, pp. of wertere, to 
turn. 


“hus one evany Rey oy 


= verd.= L. 
5| CE L. mire, to be green. 


Trish | O. F. vespre (F. vépre 


VESTIBULE 


For *vert-ta; from ERT 
era ao 
. (F= . , Fe 

grecn. ) Far 


wtridem, acc. of ) green. 

green; C Or ( wel Gains 
; Corn, guirt. 

words are borrowed) allied to wfzid; cf. 

Skt. si-ra-, active, si-va, living, Brogm. 


ii, § 74. 
Vertebra. (L.) L. wertedra, a joint, 
vertebra.—L, rns e' turn, pol 
vertex, wertex, top, pole 
of the sk: tothe i the festa Seal of 
the star, but afterwards the zenith. 
L. werterr, to tom. Der. werfic-al, F. 
vertical, from L, werficalis, vertical, which 
is from wertic-, for wertec-, stem of wertex, 
uertigo, 


top. 

vertigo, giddiness. (L.) L. 
giddinew—L werfere, to turn round 

ervain, (F.—L.) F. verveine, ‘ver- 
vaine;’ Cot.—L. , sacred bough; 
‘ards, vervain. See Verbena. 
Very, true. (F.-L.) M.E. verrai.= 
O. F. verai (F, vraf), true. Cf, Prov. 
verai, true. It answers to a Late L. 
*vérdows, allied to L. wérdx, true. = 
uérus, true, credible (whence O. F. voir). 
+W. gwir, O. Irish fir, tne; G. wahr, 
sep ae |. Russ, wera, faith, 
Brugm. i, § 367. 
Vesicle, « small tumour or cell. (L.) 


- | L. wésicula, dimin, of wésira, a bladder. 


Vesper. (L.) M. E. vesper, the evening- 
star (Gower). = L. wesfer, even x 
ing; cf. wespera, even-tide, Hence 
Lprasie-clarsg 9 
» ves! p arOnaanhs 
ij. a) shy evening 6 ih 
a i. § 32 
E wsdok B, 
O. F, vaissel, a vessel, ship, later 
vaisseaw, a vessel (of any kind). — L. 


s (F. 


«| wascellum, a small vase or umn; dimin. of 


uds, a. vase. See Vase, 


Vest, a L, westis, a 


of the domestic hearth. 
Veatibule. (L.) Lo mestibultum, a fore- 



































ged Unuaned seidee (lage 2 cau ti 2euy ay 
ata eae lang RE Gh a 
Se HU ae pape a 
= i ios CEE pic i “df. £58 7523 ner irk | qi 
lial mate i be ey 
seangeei es y 2g ies z AG | oi = 2 Beas §e4 
haha [een 6 alee aed ai 
PHI ET Sond gy a TET Tae 
aetna aah Hie hy : 
giejipetentlid outage « Hh 1 ge f 
seer eu! am us i ; a ee | il: ie er 
eee 
sate ead ee iad Mean 




































































































































































VI. DISTRIBUTION OF WORDS, ETC. 
Spanish from Mexican: cacao, choco-| Peruvian: inca, jerked (beef), llama, 


late, copal, tomato ?. ar Paes , puma. 
Cuba: magney. Spanish from Peruvian: alpaca, coca, 
Hayts : ogany. a aco, guano. 
Spanish ‘aes fayté: cassava, guaia-| Frenci from 3 Peruvian: quinine. 

cum, maize, manatee, potato, tobacco. Brasilian: ai, manioc, tapioca, tapir. 
lesa (or other West Indian lan-\| Portuguese fromBrasilian: ipecacuanha. 


guages): an, hammock, macaw. Spanish from Brazilian: ananas. 
Spanish Srom West Indian: cacique,| French from Spanish from Brasilian: 


cannibal, canoe, guava, hurricane, iguana, | agouti. 
papaw. French from Brazilian: cashew-nut, 


French Srom West Indikn: buccaneer, | jaguar, toucan. 
caoutchouc, peccary, pirogue. South American (Colombia): tolu. 








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