MESSRS. RIV1NGTONS*
77
A
E
jBequeatbefc
to
In
Ube
Hbe late /Ifcaurice Ibutton,
A.
T
A<
A(
Gi
principal of mnlversftE College
1901*1928
^ First Year French Writer.
By G. H. WADE, zs. bd.
Second Year. 3-5-. 6^. Third Year. y.6cf.
ictders.
ated diffi-
'., VI., 1s.
Series
caching.
istrations,
. 6d. each
nscribed
1. is. net.
s.
2S. 6<i.
:d. zs. 61.
ed. 2.y. 6<i.
s Fran-
ique sur
complete
:h Prose
is. net.
and Oral
.sages for
Illustra-
he "Be-
necdotes.
I Le Chat
it Contes.
'oi de a
Princesse
"^'Enleve-
Jontes de
'ontaine's
6. His.
t Canard,
i et Fleur
re et de
ad Selec-
: Marin.
Jorneille.
Pistolet.
Waterloo.
t. 8. Le
9. Chez
Comedies : i. Le Voyage de Monsieur
Perrichon. 2. Le Baron de Fourchevif.
3. La Joie fait Peur. 4. Le Major
Cravachon. 5. Le Diplomate.
of Toronto Xibrarp
London: 34, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
v. 1916.]
EDUCATIONAL WORKS
By A. R. FLORIAN.
Passages for Translation into
French. Junior. is.6J. Senior. ?s.
French Unseens, Junior. is. ^d.
French Unseens, Senior. is. &/.
A First French Course. 2 s. 6d.
The First Twenty-eight Lessons
and their Special Vocabularies of
"First French Course" Phoneti-
cally Transcribed, is. ^d. net.
A 2nd French Course. 2 s. 6d.
French Grammatical Readers.
Scries A. With Vocabularies, is. td.
each. Le Blocus, par ERCKMANN-
CHATRIAN. L'Evasion d'Edmund
Dantes, par DUMAS. L' Horn me
a I'Oreille Cassee, par ABOUT.
Series B. No Vocabularies, is. 6d.
each ; with Vocabularies, zs. each.
Nouvelles Genevoises, par IOPFFEK.
Le Capitaine Pamphile, par DUMAS.
Contes Choisis.
First Book of German Oral
Teach ing on the Direct Method. 3$. 6d.
German Unseens. 3 j.
By F. V. MASSARD.
Elementary French Composi-
tionDirect Method. 2s. (d.
A French Composition Book-
Direct Method, zs. 6d.
Direct Method French Readers.
Junior Scries. With Vocabularies.
is. f>d. each. La Mare au Diable, par
G. SAND. Quatre Contes, par MERI-
MEE. Lettres de mon Moulin, par
DAUDET. Deux Nouvelles: Pierre
et Camille et Croisilles, par ALFRED
DE MUSSET.
SeniorSeries. No Vocabularies, zs. ea.
Bug-Jargal, par HUGO. Pecheur
d'lslande, par LOTI. Colomba, par
MERIMEE. Le Roi des Montagnes,
par EDMOND ABOUT.
Le Fran^ais par I'exemple et les
textes. 6Livres. Par C. L. A. BONNE.
livre I. is. ^d. net. Prononciaiion,
Lecture, Grammaire, Theme, Version,
Conversation. Livre II. is. ^d. net.
Livre III. is. 6d. net.
Passages for Advanced French
Prose. By R. J. MORICH. y. 6<t.
French Unseens: JuniorCourse.
2books. 7^.eachnet. SeniorCourse.
2 books, gd. each net.
A Pi imerofGermanGrammar.
By SOMERVILLE and BYRNE. ?s. net.
Primary German Exercises,
2s. net, and A First German Writer,
3$. d. By the same Authors.
German Texts : Beginners'.
6 Vols. gd. each net.
Elementary. 5 Vols. is. each net.
German Prose Composition.
By R. J. MORICH. 4*. 6d.
Edited by D.L. SAVORY. is.6d. eachVol.
RIVINGTONS' DIRECT METHOD
EASY GERMAN TEXTS.
GERSTAECKER'S Germelshausen.
HAUFF'S Die Errettung Fatmes.
RIEHL'S Die 14 Nothelfer.
RIEHL'S Der Stadtpfeifer.
ZEDKI.IUS'S Geleite die drauszen sind !
RIVINGTONS' DIRECT MKTHOI>
ELEMENTARY GERMAN TEXTS.
MARIE VON EBNER-ESCHENBACH'S
Krambambuli.
GERSTAECKEK'S John Wells.
HAUFF'S Das Gespensterschiff.
MUELLENBACH'S Johannissegen.
RIEHL'S Der Dachs auf Lichtmess.
SEIDEL'S Die Geschichte des Jungen
Herrn Anton.
Material for Precis Writing.
By H. A. TREBLE. 3*. 6d.
English Grammar and Com-
position. By G. A. TWENTVMAN.
Part I. First Year's Course, is.
Part II. Second Year's Course, is. 6rf.
Part III. Middle School Composition.
2S. 6d.
Macaulay's Lays of Ancient
Rome. With Historical Introduction.
By W. EDWARDS, is. 6d. net.
Notes on English Literature.
Part I. Skelton to Shakespeare.
By W. EDWARDS. %s. net.
English Classics for Schools.
Grade I. 6d. each net.
1. English Ballads (FIRST SERIES).
2. English Ballads (SECOND SERIES).
3. Macaulay on Clive.* 4. Macaulay
on Warren Hastings.* 5. Scott's
Kenilworth.* 6. Scott's Talisman.'
7. Wordsworth's Shorter Poems.
Grade II. io</. each net.
1. Anson'sVoyageRoundtheWorld.*
2. Cook's Voyages.* 3. Defoe's
Plague of London.* 4. Longfellow's
Evangeline. 5. Pope's Iliad,* 2 s. net.
6. Prescott's Conquest of Mexico,* in
2 Parts, or in i Vol., is. t,d. net.
* The text of these books is reduced.
Grade III.
Burke on the French Revolution.
The text reduced, is. ^d. net.
Burke on America, is, 6d. net.
London : 34, King: Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
ADDITIONAL
LATIN EXERCISES
TO
NORTH AND HILLARD'S
Latin Prose Composition
for the Middle Forms of Schools
BY
THE REV. A. E. HILLARD, D.D.
HIGH MASTER OF ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL
AND
C. G. BOTTING, M.A.
ASSISTANT MASTER AT ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL
" .
RIVINGTONS
34 KING STREET, CO VENT GARDEN
LONDON
1916
PREFACE
NORTH and HILLARD'S LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION for the
use of Middle Forms of Schools contains 256 Exercises
divided into two series, A and B, either of which would
in itself afford a complete course of practice both in the
Constructions and in the Vocabulary required. But
the authors have had requests from several quarters
to add to the number of Exercises ; and, while they do
not think it advisable or necessary to add to the original
book, the present book is intended to meet the needs of
any who desire a larger number of Exercises. It may
be regarded as a C series of Exercises, parallel in all
respects to the A and B series. Each Exercise is
assigned by a heading to its proper place in NORTH and
HILLARD'S LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION, and hi each
Exercise the constructions and vocabulary required are
only such as have been supplied before in the corre-
sponding place in that book.
A. E. H.
C. G. B.
N.B. Words which are not to be translated in Latin are
enclosed in brackets.
FINAL SENTENCES
Exercise 1
[N.H. 1-5J
1. The king's son went to the city to ask for peace.
2. I sent my son to buy bread.
3. They will run quickly that they may not be seen.
4. You did this that you might not be killed.
5. The poor man worked that he might become rich.
6. They marched to the city to help their friends.
7. He ran to the camp that he might not be killed.
8. We advanced that they might not discover our plan.
9. We shall not go to the city lest we should be accused.
10. Let us retreat to the camp that our horses may not
become tired.
ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 2
[N.H. 1-5]
1. The sick remained in the camp that they might not
suffer pain.
2. Let us go quickly in order to save our friends.
3. He did not avoid battle, lest he should be thought a
coward.
4. We ought to help those who work.
5. The coward who remained in the camp was killed by a
sword.
6. We shall go to the city in order to give bread to the poor.
7. Send your son to discover the king's plan.
8. We retreated to the plain in order to be safe.
9. All men ought to work in order not to be poor.
10. The arms were in the camp that they might not be
taken.
FINAL SENTENCES
Exercise 3
[N.H. 1-5]
In order to avoid a battle the king marched to the plain.
A poor man, who had gone to the city to buy bread and was
returning, 1 saw the arms and horses. He left 2 the bread which
he had bought in the road and returned 1 to the city. He
was tired and sick with pain, but 3 he ran quickly that he might
not be taken. He ought not to be thought a coward j4 /br 4 he
saved the city. From him the consul learnt the king's plan,
which was thus 5 prevented. He sent his son, who, having
advanced to the plain, captured the king's army. 6 All praised
the poor man who had suffered loss 7 himself in order to help
his friends.
1 redeo, -ire, redii. 2 relinquo, -ere, reliqui. s sed.
4 nam. 5 ita. 6 exercitus (4). 7 damnum.
ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 4
[N.H. 6-9]
1. So great is the danger that our men are afraid.
2. The river was so deep that we did not cross it.
3. They are suffering pain in order that they may help
their friends.
4. Let us remain safe in the camp that we may not be
killed.
5. He has retreated so often that we despise him.
6. So many trees were lying in the river that we easily
crossed it.
7. So great was his courage that he followed.
8. He works himself that he may not be accused by the
poor.
9. They left the king's son in the camp that he might not
be captured.
10. We have defeated you so often that we despise you
and do not think you a brave man.
CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES
CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES
Exercise 5
[N.H. 6-9]
1. So great was their fear that they did not cross the river.
2. Let us advance so as to save the city.
3. He has accused so many rich men that he is feared by
all.
4. They are all going to the city that the work may not
be hindered.
5. The cowards followed that they might not be put to
death.
6. He ran so quickly that we did not see him again.
7. He climbed the tree that he might not be sent home.
8. His pain was so great that he did not follow his friends.
9. So great is the fear of our men that they are not
returning to the city.
10. We ought all to work that the consul's plans may not
be hindered.
ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 6
[N.H. 6-9]
So great a storm had arisen that deep snow was lying on the
ground 1 and many trees had fallen into the river. Our men,
however, 2 so despised the danger that, having advanced from
the plain, they crossed the river. The king, not daring to
hinder them, quickly retreated to his camp that he might
avoid a battle : setting out from there 3 on the next day 4 he
easily arrived at the city. Our men were so tired that they
could 5 not follow ; but, although 6 they had suffered the
king to escape, the consul so praised their valour that they
returned home full of hope.
1 hiimi. 2 tamen. 3 inde.
4 postridie. 5 possum. 6 quanquam.
FINAL AND CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES
FINAL AND CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES
Exercise 7
[N.H. 10-13]
1. The bravest men went away from the city that no one
might die of hunger.
2. Let us conquer the king's soldiers that we may not
ourselves be put to death.
3. He spoke in such a way that all praised him.
4. A storm arose and no ships were saved.
5. They are defending the walls that they may not be
thought cowards.
6. There were so many soldiers in the city that no citizens
were safe.
7. So great was the fear of our men that no one advanced.
8. The law is such that it does not defend the poor.
9. He will return that no one may call him a coward.
10. We remained in the city that we might never again
cross the sea.
ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 8
[N.H. 10-13]
1. We alone remained in the camp to help the sick.
2. So great is the danger that no one is setting out from
the city.
3. There are so many trees in this place that we cannot
see the city.
4. Let us kill all the cowards that no one may ask for
peace.
5. Such is the work that it can be hindered by a few men.
6. He was left alone in the plain that he might die of cold.
7. The rich will help the poor that no one may die of
hunger.
8. Let us praise their courage that they may avoid no
danger.
9. He escaped in a ship that he might not be accused by
any one.
10. So great a storm had arisen that no one dared to cross
the sea.
FINAL AND CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES
Exercise 9
[N.H. 10-13]
The sick who have returned home have brought news l to
us about the army. They suffered much themselves on the
march ; for the snow was so deep that they could not easily
set out from the camp. Through them we have learnt many
things. Our men are dying from cold and hunger in the
trenches ; the enemy 2 advance so fiercely that they can hardly
resist them. Near them is a hill which they ought to capture
that the enemy may no longer be able to fire 3 at* them from it :
they march by night that no one may see them, but the danger
is very great. Many are so exhausted that they have thrown
away their arms and are lying on the ground. We have at
length sent reinforcements that they may not be compelled to
leave the place which they are trying to defend.
1 nuntius (sing.). 2 hostes (pi.]. 3 tela iacere. 4 in (ace.).
10 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 10
[N.H. 14-19]
An elephant x used to carry a general daily 2 near the home
of a woman 3 who sold bread : a few soldiers followed to
defend him from all attacks. The woman used to give the
elephant bread that he might not suffer hunger. Once 4 the
animal 5 became so fierce that he ran in all directions 6 through
the city : the woman was so cowardly that she did not dare to
remain longer in the place, but fled from the house and left her
baby, 7 which she was carrying, lying on the ground. The
elephant lifted it up 8 and bore it safe to a temple which was
near the woman's house, that it might not be hurt. Such (was 9 )
the reward (which) the woman received/or 10 her kindness.
1 elephantus. 2 cotidie. 3 miilier (3). 4 olira.
5 animal. 6 hue illuc. 7 infans.
8 tollo, -ere, sustiili, sublatum. 9 See N.B. on page 1.
10 genitive.
FINAL AND CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES 11
Exercise 11
[N.H. 14-19]
Hannibal, the leader of the Poeni, was once trying to lead his
army across a large and deep river. The mules and horses,
laden with burdens, easily crossed : the elephants, however,
were so full of fear that they did not dare to advance. So
many (of) the enemy were following that he did not dare to
remain longer in the plain. Hannibal, who had resolved to
compel them to cross, ordered l a certain 2 soldier to wound 3 one
of the animals under the ear with a sword, and to throw himself
into the river. Then the elephant, fierce on account of the
pain, ran into the river to kill the man who had wounded him :
the rest followed that they might not be left alone. By such
plans Hannibal so avoided all dangers that he nearly conquered
the Komans and compelled even* his enemies to admire his
courage.
1 iubeo, -ere, iussi, iussum. 2 quidam (after noun).
3 vulnero, I. 4 etiam.
12 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 12
[N.H. 14-19]
There was once in a certain Greek city an old 1 mule who,
although he was no longer compelled to carry burdens, so loved
work that he could not be idle. For when 2 the citizens of this
city were building 3 a temple on a high hill, of his own accord 4
he used to climb the hill, laden with no burden, with the other
mules who were carrying stones, 5 to encourage 6 them (when)
exhausted. When the citizens discovered this they so admired
his courage that they passed 7 a law (in) which they ordered
corn 8 to be given to him daily,- that he might never die of
hunger.
1 vetus. 2 iibi. :? aedifico, I. 4 sponte sua.
5 lapis, -idis (3). 6 incite, I. 7 fero. 8 frumentum.
INFINITIVES 13
INFINITIVES
Exercise 13
[N.H. 20-23]
1. It will be easy to punish the barbarians.
2. We were unwilling to benefit the cowards who had
betrayed their country.
3. They were accustomed to hide their money in the
temples.
4. We determined to pitch our camp on a high hill.
5. It is more disgraceful to lie than to escape.
6. He was said to be very rich.
7. I preferred to remain in the city, you to climb the hill.
8. We are all compelled to do many things against our
wiU.
9. Some men ought to rule, others to obey.
10. It is the part of a coward to be unwilling to die for his
country.
14 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 14
[N.H. 20-23]
1. Fight for your country that you may not seem a coward.
2. He was so poor that he could not bring the money.
3. Desire to be praised ; try to learn.
4. He lied that he might be allowed to fight.
5. It is pleasant to be praised, disgraceful to fly.
6. He was so foolish that no one obeyed him.
7. The general who tried to betray his country will be put
to death.
8. He escaped from his country that he might never be
compelled to fight.
9. He preferred to throw away his shield that he might not
be killed.
10. They had not dared to follow their leaders.
INFINITIVES 15
Exercise 15
[N.H. 20-23]
Almost the whole life l of a soldier is spent 2 in work and
danger. On the march they carry swords, shields, corn :
they climb hills, they cross great plains and deep rivers : they
so despise the cold that they dare to set out through the snow
and do not fear the greatest storms. When they have left
their homes they cease to consider themselves* they do every-
thing to benefit their country, to save the walls of their city,
to defend their (fellow) citizens from the attack of the enemy.
For these services 4 they receive such small rewards that
we can scarcely wonder 5 if in many cities few men wish
to become soldiers. But a good citizen so loves his country
that he is eager to defend it against barbarians : cowards,
however, are compelled to take arms against their will.
1 vita. 2 ago, -ere, egi, actum. 3 sibi consulere.
4 meritum. 5 miror, I.
16 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
PARTICIPLES
Exercise 16
[N.H. 24-27]
1. Having taken the city he returned to the camp.
2. The hostages having been given up, we were willing to
go out of the city.
3. The general, having been defeated, will be accused in
the city.
4. Having taken this city by storm we set it on fire.
5. Having killed the messenger he escaped so as not to be
punished.
6. Leaving his sword in the camp he advanced to a hill.
7. He halted near the gate that he might not be seen by
any one.
8. Having summoned the chiefs he demanded this.
9. Having been elected general he is trying to benefit his
country.
10. The prisoners having been set free will return home.
PARTICIPLES 17
Exercise 17
[N.H. 24-27]
1. He collected new forces to attack the enemy.
2. The king having been driven out tried to take the city
by storm.
3. Having set out by night he returned to summon us.
4. Having arrived at the river we were compelled to halt.
5. Winter approaching we were unwilling to delay longer.
6. Having seen the city we no longer believed the mes-
sengers.
7. Having advanced to the walls we wished to pitch our
camp.
8. The soldier having been taken lied to save his general.
9. My father being afraid I determined to remain at home.
10. Having collected an army we sent it against the bar-
barians.
18 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 18
[N.H. 24-27]
Julius Caesar having been made general, passed l many good
laws to benefit his country : the chiefs of the state, however,
wished to kill him ; one of them, Marcus Brutus, Caesar had
counted 2 among his friends. The day having been determined
on, Caesar set out in the morning to go to the Senate-house, 3
his wifef who, warned by a dream, 5 feared danger, being un-
willing. On the journey, having learnt of the plan through a
friend, he nevertheless preferred to go whither 6 he had resolved
(rather) than return and seem a coward. Having reached the
Senate-house, while a certain 7 Cimber was demanding some-
thing, 8 he was killed by the rest : on seeing Brutus, no longer
trying to resist, he fell crying 9 ' Thou too, 10 Brutus.'
1 fero.
2 habeo.
3 Curia.
4 uxor.
5 somnium.
6 quo.
7 quidam.
8 aliquid.
9 clamo.
10 et tu.
PARTICIPLES 19
Exercise 19
[N.H. 28-31]
1. Pitching their camp in the wood they advanced to
demand hostages.
2. After collecting an army they were able to resist the
enemy.
3. We took the leaders and killed them.
4. Saying this he returned to the city.
5. On the death of the consul the enemy resolved to
advance.
6. He died while exhorting us not to betray our country.
7. We were so tired that we could not obey the general.
8. He was killed while trying to burn the town.
9. On the approach of night we shall go to attack the
enemy.
10. After the banishment of the king there will be peace.
20 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 20
[N.H. 28-31]
1. Some went to follow the enemy, others remained to
defend the camp.
2. Leading the army back into the wood he spoke as
follows.
3. Having received a large sum of money we no longer
feared you.
4. As they would not speak I was compelled to await the
king's arrival.
5. Having founded the city they fortified it with walls.
6. So gladly did he follow that I never punished him again.
7. The general having arrived they could not betray the
city.
8. He determined to obey that he might not seem to any
one to be a coward.
9. It will not be so difficult to advance in the spring.
10. After delaying in the city he led out his forces to a small
wood.
PAKTICIPLES 21
Exercise 21
[N.H. 28-31]
In the reign of Ancus Martins, Tarquinius went with his
wife to the city in order to become rich. The king received
him into friendship to such an extent that he made him
guardian 1 of his children 2 : at length, on the death of Ancus,
the citizens elected Tarquinius as their king. When he had
become king he adopted 3 a certain Servius Tullius, who seemed
to be so powerful 4 that the sons of Tarquinius were afraid, and
in order that he might never become king on their father's
death they formed 5 this plan. They ordered two youths (who
had been) summoned before the king, to kill him. This having
been done, the dead king's wife, having hidden the affair* bade
Servius Tullius rule for him : the king was thought to have
been wounded.
1 custos (custodis) (3). 2 liberi. 3 adopto, I.
4 potens. 5 ineo, -ire, inii. 6 res.
22 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 22
[N.H. 32-35]
When the affair could no longer be hidden and the citizens
had learnt of 1 the death 2 of Tarquinius, Servius Tullius had
now become so powerful that he could not be driven out.
During his reign the city was made larger and a temple was
built. But the son of Tarquinius, whom the daughter* of
Servius had married* having formed a plan with the chief
men of the state, determined to kill him. Servius, having
learnt of the plan, immediately went to the Senate-house : as
he was entering Tarquinius seized him, and having lifted him
up threw him into the street 5 : (men) sent by Tarquinius,
following the king as he fled, killed him. Tullia, the wife of
Tarquinius, drove 6 her chariot 7 over 8 the body 9 of her father
as he lay in the road.
1 de (abl.). 2 mors (mortis). 3 filia.
4 nubo, -ere, nupsi, nuptum (dat.). 5 via.
6 ago, III. 7 currus (4). 8 per. 9 corpus (corporis).
PARTICIPLES 23
Exercise 23
[N.H. 32-35]
After the death of Servius, Tarquinius became king, but he
ruled with such great cruelty that the citizens drove him out.
After his expulsion the city was ruled by consuls. Porsenna,
a neighbouring * king, marched against the Romans with an
army in order to bring Tarquinius back. As the army ap-
proached, the poor people were so much afraid that, leaving
their homes, they went from the fields 2 into the city to be safe.
When the city was almost taken Horatius, while all were afraid,
was so brave as to resist the enemy with two others on the
bridge when they tried to cross the river. He ordered the
citizens to break down the bridge : when it was almost broken
down, being left alone and wounded, he did not cease to drive
back the attacking enemy. At last as the bridge was falling,
having thrown himself into the river, he reached the other 3
bank 4 safely.
1 finitimus. 2 ager. 3 alter. 4 ripa.
24 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
TIME, PLACE, SPACE
Exercise 24
[N.H. 36-39]
1. Into Asia. From Saguntum. In Florentia. At Pisa.
In the night. To Carthage.
2. We shall go to Caesar in the city.
3. Three years ago I saw the consul at Brundisium.
4. We shall return to the country in ten days.
5. Setting out from home he reached the town in six days.
6. On that day a battle was fought in the city.
7. Such a storm arose at Brundisium that we could not set
sail.
8. After advancing five miles we reached Athens at dawn.
9. He wished to go into the country that no one might
follow (him).
10. He remained so long at Nola that no one discovered his
plan.
TIME, PLACE, SPACE 25
Exercise 25
[N.H. 36-39]
1. A few years before lie had returned from the country
to see me.
2. On the following day we pitched our camp three miles
from the enemy.
3. A storm having arisen we were compelled to remain at
Athens.
4. Having stayed in the country the whole summer, we
shall return to Rome on the approach of winter.
5. When thirteen years old, setting out from the country,
he went to Londinium.
6. For many years we waged war that no one might call
us cowards.
7. Leaving the camp at sunset we marched the whole night.
8. Within ten days we shall advance to help you.
9. We have decided to go to the general in the camp.
10. The enemy, having attacked us at dawn, retreated in
the evening.
26 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 26
[N.H. 36-39]
We have decided to make a long journey this winter through
many lands}- Leaving (our) home at dawn we shall cross the
sea in three hours 2 and reach Lutetia in the evening. After
staying a few days in that beautiful city we shall go from
Gallia into Italia and set sail at Brundisium. Having again
crossed the sea we shall at last reach Athens, the city which 3 /
have desired 4 to see for so many years. For though I am now
many years old and have read 5 many books written 6 by the
Greeks, I have never seen those beautiful 7 temples, those
pleasant 7 woods, where the hills look down upon 8 the plain in
which many years ago the bravest and wisest nation 9 in the
world w took arms and repelled the barbarians who had
attacked 11 (her).
1 terra. 2 hora. 3 ' which city.' 4 Use present.
5 lego, -ere, legi, lectum. 6 scribo, -ere, scripsi, scriptum.
7 Use superlative. 8 despicio in (ace.).
9 gens (gentis). 10 omnium. n Use participle.
TIME, PLACE, SPACE 27
Exercise 27
[N.H. 40-41]
Leaving the city in the early morning I went to the country
to see my farm. Never had the woods and plains seemed more
pleasant. Entering the fields with my wife and daughter, I
looked with wonder on l corn, 2 stock, 3 trees, everything. Near
my house is a little river, in summer not so deep that it cannot
be crossed on foot ; but at the approach of winter such storms
arise that often the bridges are broken down and 4 men perish.
Crossing this river next day we drove our chariot to the town,
(and) thence to a temple which is nearly two miles distant from
the town. The priest 5 opened the gate and 4 allowed us to
enter the temple and explore everything. After staying at
his house for a short time we returned home. Next day
(much) against my will I was compelled to come back to
London to work and teach. Who would not rather spend
(his) life in the country ?
1 'admired.' Plural for standing corn. 3 pecora (n. pi.).
4 Avoid ( and' by abl. abs. 5 sacerdos.
28 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
ABLATIVES OF COMPARISON, QUALITY,
MEASURE OF DIFFERENCE; WORDS
GOVERNING THE ABLATIVE
Exercise 28
[N.H. 42-43]
1. The walls of this city were a little higher than your
house.
2. Caesar, a man of great wisdom, loved the citizens and
was loved by them.
3. The army which the barbarians have equipped is much
larger than ours.
4. Relying on our courage and the help of the gods we
shall set our country free.
5. War is being waged by land and sea that the enemy
may not gain possession of our city.
6. Often the poor are more contented with their lot than
the rich.
7. Your wife is two feet taller than your son.
8. (Though he was) a man of weak body he preferred to
fight rather than be called a coward.
9. The wounded general had need of help.
10. (Being) a man of great courage he undertook a labour
of great difficulty.
INDIRECT STATEMENT 29
INDIRECT STATEMENT
Exercise 29
[N.H. 44-45]
1. We know that Caesar defeated the Gauls.
2. It is agreed that the general is dead.
3. We promised to return at sunset.
4. The army having been equipped we wished to set out.
5. We hoped that the city would be betrayed.
6. You did not perceive that we had marched to Rome.
7. Messengers reported that reinforcements would soon
arrive.
8. Tell the citizens that having taken arms we shall defend
the city.
9. We promised to give hostages to the Romans.
10. Having said this he threatened to strike camp.
30 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
SE, IPSE
Exercise 30
[N.H. 46]
1. He knew that he had deceived his father.
2. He himself wished to return to his home.
3. Having been betrayed by his soldiers he threw himself
into the sea.
4. You yourself knew that they had been deceived by the
king.
5. Having died in the country he was buried at Rome.
6. He knows that they will be called cowards by all men.
7. We ourselves announced that a disaster had been sus-
tained in Asia.
8. (Being) a man of great courage he said that he would not
yield.
9. We thought that he would give us the money himself.
10. You yourself said that you would not leave your books
at Athens.
INDIRECT STATEMENT 31
INDIRECT STATEMENT
Exercise 31
[N.H. 47-50]
1. We knew that they had attacked the army as it was
returning.
2. The soldiers believed that they had finished their
journey.
3. I know that you will come to me in the camp.
4. Having never been conquered we said that we would
not yield now.
5. We were informed that the war would be finished in
the summer.
6. We knew that the general was very rich.
7. Three years ago they pretended to admire us.
8. We were informed that all the states were giving
hostages.
9. He declared that reinforcements were now arriving.
10. It was reported that the Gauls had been surrounded by
the enemy.
32 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 32
[N.H. 47-50]
1. I hope to attack the enemy in a few days.
2. The prisoner himself believed that he would be killed.
3. It was said that the legions would march to Carthage.
4. Having been informed that the enemy were surrounding
our camp we resolved to fight.
5. That no one might be afraid the general said that re-
inforcements were arriving.
6. It is said that the army fought for three hours on the
hill.
7. The scouts perceived that the Gauls were about to
strike camp.
8. Having ascertained that the king was at Athens the
ambassadors returned home.
9. We noticed that the tree was higher than the house.
10. Thinking that he did not understand, I was unwilling to
beat him.
INDIRECT STATEMENT 33
Exercise 33
[N.H. 47-50]
You know, soldiers, that you are fighting for your country,
that you must l not only resist the attack of the enemy, but
resist it in such a way that they may understand that we
cannot be conquered and may be unwilling to attack us
again. It is well known that they are brave men : I myself
have seen them fight ( in Gaul, and I do not think that it will
be easy to repel them. They will pretend that they are being
defeated and will fly to the shore, that you may despise them
and follow : I hope that you will not be deceived but will
remain in your fortified ramparts. These they will not be
able to take by storm : it will be foolish, therefore, to come
down from the hills. Relying on your valour I have resolved
to await their attack, and in this place either 2 to conquer or 2
to die.
1 Use necesse esse. 2 aut.
34 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 34
[N.H. 51-56]
The four conspirators, having entered the temple, said that
they had come to seek the hidden traitor}- He, crying out
that he was the servant 2 of the gods, not a traitor, descended
to meet 3 them. When 4 (they) threatened (him) he replied
that he was not afraid : for he seems to have resolved to die
with the same courage which, (as) a young man, he had often
displayed 5 in battle. (Though) overpowered 6 by numbers 7
he was strong enough to defend himself and repel their
attack for a short time. At length, wounded and exhausted,
he fell : one of 8 the servants immediately killed (him). At
the same time he warned 9 the conspirators that they must
fly : that the traitor was dead, and would not rise 10 again.
1 proditor. 2 minister (2). 3 obviam ire (dative).
4 Use dative of present participle. 5 praesto, -are, praestiti.
6 supero, I. 7 numero superiores. 8 e.
9 moneo. 10 surgo, -ere, surrexi, surrectum.
INDIRECT STATEMENT 35
Exercise 35
[N.H. 51-56]
As a young man Tiberius Gracchus was thought to be so
good and upright that he was elected augur on account of his
virtue. Appius Claudius, a man of great wisdom, admired
him so much that he received him into his friendship and
wished to have him for his son-in-law, 1 for he rightly believed
that he would one day become famous 2 in the state. When
(he) said 3 this Tiberius replied that he also wished greatly to
marry 4 his daughter. The matter being thus decided (for in
such matters the daughters of the Romans were accustomed
to obey their fathers) Appius returned home. As he entered
he cried out to his wife that he had found 5 a man worthy of
his daughter. She in wonder replied, ' Why 6 do you announce
(it) with such joy ? unless of course ' 7 (scarcely believing
that it was true) ' you have found Tiberius Gracchus as her
husband.' 8
1 gener (2). 2 clarus. 3 Use dative of present participle.
4 duco. 5 invenio, -ire, -eni, -entum, IV.
6 cur. 7 nisi forte. 8 m^ritus (2).
36 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 36
[N.H. 51-56]
After the death, of Mausolus, Artemisia his wife ruling, the
Rhodii, thinking it unworthy of their state that a woman
should get possession of the kingdom, having got ready their
ships set out to expel her. This thing being announced,
Artemisia hid certain ships in the smaller harbour : at the
same time she ordered the citizens to be on the wall. On ascer-
taining that the Rhodians had come with their ships into the
greater harbour she ordered the citizens to promise to hand
over the city to them. The Rhodians having entered the gates,
leaving their ships empty? Artemisia immediately led out her
own ships from the smaller harbour into the greater (one) ;
from there she towed 2 the empty ships of the enemy to the
open sea. 3 Thus the Rhodians, being left in the city, were
killed in the forum.
1 inanis (3). a abduco. 3 in altum.
PRICE AND VALUE 37
PRICE AND VALUE
Exercise 37
[N.H. 57-58]
1. He said that he was willing to buy the horse for 1000
sesterces.
2. I know that you do not care a straw for wisdom.
3. He valued this so highly that he was unwilling to sell it.
4. We know that the victory has cost the general many
soldiers.
5. He replied that he would sell his farm at a low price.
6. I do not believe that a slave can buy his freedom for a
talent.
7. Now that our city has been blockaded we value our
freedom more.
8. Having been ordered to speak the truth I shall obey.
9. He said that he could buy corn at a low price in Gaul.
10. At Carthage no one cares a straw for freedom.
38 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
PARTITIVE GENITIVE
Exercise 38
[N.H. 59-60]
1. These barbarians do not know that our country keeps
some of its old strength.
2. The Belgae were said by Caesar to be the bravest nation
in the whole of Gaul.
3. Some of us have too much courage, some have lost all
hope.
4. Many thousands of our best soldiers have fallen in this
war.
5. I know that he was the first to encourage us.
6. A great storm having arisen, most of the ships perished.
7. He says this that his country may not suffer any loss.
8. Most of the Komans thought that the Greeks had too
much eloquence.
9. Some of our citizens wish to resist, others to surrender.
10. He complained that the hostages had not been sent.
DATIVE VERBS 39
DATIVE VERBS
Exercise 39
[N.H. 61-62]
1. They promised to declare war as soon as possible on
the Germani.
2. It is difficult to believe in men who do not believe in
themselves.
3. Having been put in command of the whole army he
started to Gaul.
4. We could scarcely resist the enemy when they had
attacked us.
5. It is the duty of a general to spare those who no longer
resist him.
6. We are rightly angry with men who wish to betray their
country.
7. We were informed that they had threatened our men
with torture.
8. It is difficult to trust a judge who cannot restrain him-
self.
9. He promised not to exact hostages from the Gauls.
10. We knew that the Germans had decided to make war
on the Belgians,
40 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
EXERCISES FOR REVISION
Exercise 40
[N.H. 63-70]
When the generals and those of the soldiers who had followed
them had perished by this massacre, the Greeks were in great
difficulty. They knew that they were surrounded by many
cruel nations, that no one would sell them corn, that they were
many miles distant from Greece and had no guides for x their
journey. It is well known that they had been betrayed by the
barbarians and were left alone without cavalry. Nevertheless
they all valued their freedom so highly that they resolved not
to surrender but to resist the Persians u hen 2 they bade (them)
give up their arms. One of 3 them, Xenophon by name,
having been put in command of the whole army, rose to the
occasion 4 : never losing hope, he promised to lead them back
safe to Greece.
genitive. 2 Use participle.
' was not wanting to himself. '
EXERCISES FOR REVISION 41
Exercise 41
[N.H. 63-70]
On the march, they sustained great disasters, (and) faced 1
great dangers, which many years afterwards they were accus-
tomed to relate to their admiring friends at home. Xenophon
himself, who has written a book about the whole affair, declares
that they found certain barbarians living beneath the ground
with their children, cattle, corn, (and) all (their) goods. When
asked they said that the country was called Armenia. Xeno-
phon received the chief of this nation into friendship, having
bidden him not to be afraid, and promised not to hurt him.
From him the Greeks received corn and wine 2 and remained
in this district for a few days. We believe that they spoke
the truth, for travellers 3 who go to Armenia noivadays 4 say
that they have found villages 5 like these and, their horses
having stumbled on the hill, have fallen into the midst of
natives 6 eating their supper beneath the ground.
1 obeo, -ire. 2 vinum (2). 3 viator (3).
4 his temporibus. 6 vicus (2). 6 in medios barbaros.
42 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 42
[N.H. 63-70]
From here they set out again, using the chief of the village
as their guide for the journey ; being abandoned by him they
advanced for seven days without a guide. Though many
nations, through whose territories they marched, attacked
(them), they did not lose hope : some of the barbarians blocked
the approaches, others threw stones on them from the hills.
At last having opened a way through a pass they reached a
high mountain * whence 2 they could behold the sea. It is well
known that they immediately cried out with great joy
* Thalatta ! Thalatta ' (the name by which 3 the Greeks call the
sea). Many dangers, however, remained, all (of) which
Xenophon, who performed his duty with great wisdom, over-
came. 4 Kelying on him (as their) leader most (of them)
returned in safety to their country, though some had been
killed in battle (and) others had died by illness.
1 mons (mentis) (3 m). 2 unde.
3 Say l l>y which name,' 4 siipero, I,
EXERCISES FOR REVISION 43
Exercise 43
[N.H. 63-70]
Once upon a time, a great feast having been prepared by
the king, a certain old man and (his) son, being invited, 1 went
to take part in it. The father, a man of great wisdom, who
was experienced in 2 such things, decided to advise his son,
that he might not drink 3 too much wine and appear foolish.
Therefore, having greatly enjoyed his dinner, he began to
speak thus : ' Believe me, my son, it is the duty of a wise man
to restrain himself : I myself would rather eat and drink too
little than too much. I wish therefore to warn you. At tlie
end of the table 4 there are two lamps 5 : if these two lamps
seem to you to be four (lamps), I am sure that you have drunk
enough wine.' ' Pardon me, father, 5 replied the young man,
' there is (only) one lamp at the end of the table.'
1 invito, I. 2 peritus (gen.}.
3 bibo, -ere, bibi, bibitum. 4 in extrema mensa.
5 lucerna.
44 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
PASSIVE OF INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Exercise 44
[N.H. 71-72]
1. The king was envied by the poorer citizens.
2. For a few days you will be helped by your friends.
3. We know that you are favoured by the rich.
4. He spoke thus that none of the criminals might be
believed by the judges.
5. Help was brought to the enemy when they had been
driven back to the town.
6. Those who had persuaded the majority were spared.
7. The approach being blocked we knew that they would
be compelled to return.
8. He had threatened to take the city by storm.
9. The king will be obeyed by the best citizens.
10. The sick and wounded will be spared by the general.
DIRECT COMMAND OR PETITION 45
DIRECT COMMAND OR PETITION
Exercise 45
[N.H. 73-74]
1. Let us not try to help the king.
2. Do not trust those who have often deceived you.
3. Give me the book which you promised to give me.
4. Do not complain of the general : fight yourself.
5. Let us not seem to favour the rich.
6. I have been informed that the archers held their ground.
7. Let us not despise those who have shed their blood for
their country.
8. Do not try to please all men.
9. Let us obey those to whom we have entrusted the state.
10. Let us start at once that we may not let slip our
opportunity.
46 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
INDIRECT COMMAND
Exercise 46
[N.H. 75-76]
1. We advised the general not to attempt a battle.
2. He asked his friends to follow him to the city.
3. I shall advise him to practise the art of war.
4. He persuaded me to return to the country.
5. I asked him to come to me at Carthage.
6. The hostages begged to be spared.
7. We demanded that the Germans should not attack the
Gauls.
8. I shall urge him to set out at once.
9. I ordered my son to speak the truth.
10. We advised them to leave their baggage in the camp.
INDIRECT COMMAND 47
Exercise 47
[N.H. 75-76]
A certain general used to punish the soldiers that he was
in command of so severely that they in their anger secretly
determined to kill him, thinking that when they had joined
battle with the enemy they could do this without the know-
ledge of the other leaders. One day the general, having
drawn up (his) army in line of battle at dawn, spoke thus :
' I know, soldiers, that I am so hateful l to you that you have
formed a plan to kill me. For that I do not care a straw, for
I am not afraid of you and I do not greatly value my life.
This one thing (alone) I ask, that you do not kill me to-day. 2
In a few hours the enemy will attack us : we shall be in great
danger. If you wish to return home in safety, I advise (you)
to trust and obey me. I am sure that I can save you and that
no one else can save (you).' The soldiers so much admired his
boldness that, entrusting their safety to him, they gladly
obeyed (his) orders and routed the enemy, and never again
wished to injure so brave a man.
1 odiosus. 2 hodie.
48 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
INDIRECT STATEMENT AND COMMAND
Exercise 48
[N.H. 77-78]
1. You will never persuade me that the gods favour the
rich.
2. They warned us not to trust the king's messengers.
3. He begged me to send the hostages back to their country.
4. He persuaded the general to order the bridge to be
broken down.
5. The citizens begged you to stand for the consulship.
6. They warned me that the enemy were crossing the river.
7. I shall try to persuade them to remain faithful to Caesar.
8. He will be persuaded to forgive his enemy.
9. Dismissing the council, he told us to follow him.
10. He tried to persuade me that the Komans had laid down
their arms.
INDIRECT STATEMENT AND COMMAND 49
Exercise 49
[N.H. 79-84]
A certain priest, who dwelt alone near the sea in a wood,
used to read with great joy the poems of Vergilius, whom he
rightly believed to be the greatest of all poets. 1 He was
warned, however, by the other priests that Vergilius was a
magician, 2 and that such wisdom was not only worthless but
displeased the gods ; as they urged (him) not to waste his
time but devote himself to better things, he (much) against
his will threw his beloved book into the sea. A few days after
a fisherman? who used to supply food to the old man, brought
him a large fish 4 which he had caught in the night. Thank-
ing him he began to prepare his supper : whereupon to his
great astonishment 5 he discovered in the fish the book which
he had thrown into the sea. He was at last persuaded that
the poems of Vergilius were not displeasing to the gods, and
that they had purposely sent back (his) book that he might
now read (it) without fear.
1 poeta (1). 2 magus (2). 3 piscator (3).
4 piscis (3). ' ' greatly wondering,'
50 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 50
[N.H. 79-84]
The Emperor Augustus, having defeated Antonius, who
had made war on him and tried to gain possession of the king-
dom, returned to Italy. As he was coming to Rome a work-
man l met him, carrying a raven 2 which he had taught to cry
' Hail, 3 Augustus, victor 4 and Emperor.' Augustus in ad-
miration praised the man and bought the raven for a great
(sum of) money. A certain poor man, however, who envied
the other, warning the emperor that the workman had another
raven at home, begged that he might be ordered to bring it.
When brought the raven cried ' Hail, Antonius, victor and
Emperor.' Augustus, not at all 5 angry, only ordered the
workman to give part of the money to his companion.
] opifex (opificis) (3). 2 corvus,
4 victor, 5 nihil,
INDIRECT STATEMENT AND COMMAND 51
Exercise 51
[N.H. 79-84]
When my friends asked (me) to stand for the consulship
I replied that I was unworthy of so great an honour ! : when
they begged (me) again and warned (me) that it was the duty
of an upright man to undertake such duties, I declared that I
could not longer resist their prayers. 2 Thereupon they urged
me to let slip no opportunity but to go at once to the forum.
You will understand, therefore, that I yielded against my will,
and that I only wish to be of service to my fellow-countrymen.
Our city is to-day in great danger : compelled to declare war
on an enemy who threatened us by land and sea, we have lost
a great part of our army, but we ought not to lose hope. Do
not trust those who are trying to persuade you that we are
fighting in vain. I urge you, therefore, fellow-citizens, not to
fail your country or prefer slavery to freedom.
1 honor (3). * Use participle.
52 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
DATIVE OF PURPOSE, OR PREDICATIVE
DATIVE
Exercise 52
[N.H. 85-86]
1. It will be a great disgrace to us to be defeated.
2. We ought not to harm those who wish to be of service
to us.
3. We persuaded him to sound a retreat at once.
4. A traitor is an object of hatred to all men.
5. It is to your credit to have obeyed your father.
6. Let us not think that this will bring disgrace upon our
country.
7. Do not be a burden to your friends.
8. To be defeated in this war will mean destruction to us
all.
9. Let us urge them to be an example to their children.
10. He knew that this would be the salvation of the country.
ABLATIVES OF ORIGIN, SEPARATION, ASSOCIATION 53
ABLATIVES OF ORIGIN, SEPARATION,
ASSOCIATION
Exercise 53
[N.H. 87-88]
1. Having been put in command of the army he freed us
from fear.
2. Having been banished from his country he begged us to
bring him back.
3. You could not be persuaded to speak the truth.
4. The captives begged to be set free from prison.
5. Being descended from kings we ought to set an example
to the poor.
6. Even good men are often blamed by their friends.
7. Even the king is not always worthy of praise.
8. He willingly undertook this duty that he might set an
example to the other citizens.
9. I shall advise the general to desist from the siege.
10. They returned home full of disgrace.
54 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
ABLATIVES OF RESPECT AND MANNER
Exercise 54
[N.H. 89-90]
1. Even you do not believe that these men were rightly
put to death.
2. We were informed that the troops of the enemy were
few in number.
3. We begged them to live in the fashion of their ancestors.
4. He replied with a smile, ' Do not talk in such a loud
voice.'
5. By your leave I will ask him to follow us to Kome.
6. You persuaded me that the enemy were advancing in
great disorder.
7. He seems to speak with sorrow, but no one believes him.
8. Being the son of such a father he excelled all his friends
in talents.
9. Warned that the enemy were approaching, he returned
with all speed.
10. I believe that even the Romans are not superior to us
in courage.
EXERCISES FOR REVISION 55
EXERCISES FOR REVISION
Exercise 55
[N.H. 91-98]
A certain king so abounded in wealth, that none of those
who reigned after him in that land surpassed him in fortune :
in order to guard this treasure he decided to build a large
room, 1 one wall of which was part of the outer 2 wall of the
palace 3 itself. A workman purposely built this wall in such
a way that one stone could be moved from its place. A few
years afterwards this (workman) being about to die called his
sons to him and informed them that he had done this with the
intention that they might gain possession of the king's treasure,
urging them not to let slip such an opportunity but by this
means to become rich. Accordingly when their father was
dead the young men went to the palace by night and, moving
the stone, took away a great quantity of gold.
1 conclave (3). 2 exterior. 3 regia (1).
56 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 56
[N.H. 91-98]
This having been done often and a great quantity of gold
taken away, the king, being greatly astonished, at last decided
to set a trap l to catch the criminal. That night one of the
(two) brothers was caught in the trap, and perceiving that he
could not escape persuaded his brother to cut off 2 his head as
quickly as possible and take it away with him, that when his
body was discovered it might not be recognised. 3 When day
dawned the king entering the room saw the body of the
robber lying without a head in the trap : whereupon, even
more astonished, he ordered the body to be hung up on 4 the
wall, placing guards near : for he hoped that the friends of the
dead man would come to the place and shed tears because of
their grief, and that his name would thus be discovered.
Learning of this, the mother of the young men begged her
surviving 5 son to form a plan to get possession of the body,
threatening at the same time to go herself to the king and tell
the truth.
1 laqueos pono. 2 abscido, -ere, abscidi, abscisum.
3 agnosco, -ere, agnovi, agnitum. 4 suspendo (III) de.
5 superstes (superstitis).
EXERCISES FOR REVISION 57
Exercise 57
[N.H. 91-98]
The son, after trying in vain to persuade his mother to
desist from her prayers and not demand such a difficult thing,
at last formed this plan. Loading some l mules with skins 2
full of wine, he drove them before him to the place where the
soldiers were guarding the body ; without their knowledge he
untied 3 the necks 4 of three skins, so that the wine was poured
out on the ground. Seeing this, all the guards to a man ran
out into the road to catch the wine in cups. 5 At first the
man pretended to be angry : soon, however, seeming to be
contented, he allowed them with a smile to drink so great a
quantity of wine that falling down on the ground they slept
until late in the night. Thereupon the thief, placing his
brother's body on the back of a mule, carried it home to his
mother.
1 Sliquis. 2 uter (utris). 3 solvo, -ere, solvi, solutum.
4 collum. 5 pociilum.
58 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 58
[N.H. 91-98]
At last the king, thinking that he ought to spare a man of
such great talents, sent messengers to all the towns over
which he ruled and encouraged the thief to surrender of his
own accord, promising at the same time to pardon him and
give him great rewards. The latter rightly believed that it
would be to his advantage to obey : accordingly he came with
the greatest boldness to the palace. The king, greatly ad-
miring (him), gave him his daughter, a girl l of remarkable
beauty, in marriage. 2 At the same time, turning to the nobles
who surrounded him on all sides, he said that the Aegyptii
excelled the rest (of) men in wisdom, but* that this man
excelled the rest (of) the Aegyptii.
1 puella. 2 in matrimonium. 3 autem (second word in clause).
GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES 59
GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES
Exercise 59
[N.H. 99-103]
1. By teaching we are often able to learn many things
ourselves.
2. For the sake of defending our country we are willing to
suffer pain.
3. Do not let slip this opportunity of attacking the enemy.
4. Let us hasten to the harbour for the purpose of meeting
the ships.
5. The signal for striking the camp was given three hours
ago.
6. The art of writing letters is not easily learnt.
7. He wished to do everything for the sake of pleasing his
wife.
8. An opportunity will soon be given us of crossing the
river.
9. For the sake of injuring the Gauls he was willing to face
great dangers.
10. By dying for our country we hope to be an example to
our children.
ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 60
[N.H. 99-103]
1. He seemed anxious to consult the interests of all the
citizens.
2. He promised to offer me an opportunity of consulting
his father.
3. Through his desire to win honour he is always facing
dangers.
4. He did not seem fit for undertaking such duties.
5. I persuaded the general to send soldiers into the fields
for the purpose of foraging.
6. Do not waste your time in writing books.
7. By asking pardon you will greatly please your father.
8. They have gone to the harbour for the purpose of filling
the ships with merchandise.
9. Led on by his desire to decide the contest he joined
battle at once.
10. In the hope of escaping out of the prison I pretended to
be asleep.
GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES 61
Exercise 61
[N.H. 99-103]
I sent for you here, soldiers, to encourage you to fight your
best, (and) at the same time to warn you that a defeat sus-
tained to-day will mean destruction to our country. I know
that it is the act of a fool to waste time in talking when the
battle has begun, and that you value courage more highly than
eloquence, but this does seem to me to be a good opportunity
for saying a few words, 1 when the enemy have not yet 2 ad-
vanced within range : moreover, soldiers always 3 show more
boldness in the battle-field if they are sure that victory will
be the salvation of their country, and that if* they are con-
quered no one is left to resist the enemy. Do not be afraid
if they are superior to you in numbers : we are superior to
them in courage, energy, (and) resolution. By facing danger
as our forefathers faced it, 5 we shall have a chance of showing 6
all men that this nation keeps to-day something of its ancient
vigour, and with God's help we will show (them).
1 verbum. 2 nondum. 3 Use soleo + infinitive.
4 Use abl: abs. 5 ' in the fashion of our ancestors,'
6 demonstro, I.
62 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
SUPINES
Exercise 62
[N.H. 104-105]
1. This story is easy to tell, (but) difficult to understand.
2. He allowed the rest to go out to play.
3. Send your men to forage.
4. They will soon come to Rome to ask for peace.
5. Do not think that this city is easy to capture.
6. This is so difficult to do that I am unwilling to advise it,
7. All agree that he sent his son to pay the money.
8. Order your son to go to bed.
9. We all knew that the Gauls would soon be defeated.
10. We shall return to Athens to complain of this injury.
GERUNDS, GERUNDIVES, SUPINES 63
GERUNDS, GERUNDIVES, SUPINES
Exercise 63
[N.H. 106-109]
While I was delaying in this place news came to me through
soldiers sent out to forage in the fields that the commander of
the neighbouring garrison, a man inexperienced in strategy*
had ordered his (men) to rush out on all sides in the hope of
compelling the enemy to raise the siege : that, the matter
being at once discovered by the sentinels, they had all been
destroyed when they had advanced only as far as the enemy's
outposts. It was evident that by this unexpected disaster
the whole army would soon be brought into the greatest
danger. Calling a council I consulted my officers : all agreed
that we ought to send help to the besieged garrison as soon as
possible ; this however was easy to say, difficult to do, for, the
enemy's forces being scattered in all directions through the
plain, we dared not undertake the task 2 without guides well
acquainted with 3 the district.
1 ' the art of war.' 2 res. 8 pSritus (gen,).
64: ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 64
[N.H. 106-109]
All declared that it was of the greatest importance that we
should not waste time, lest the neighbouring peoples, thinking
that an opportunity was at last offered them of driving out
the Komans, should revolt. For fear of this we were willing
not only to face danger but to shed our blood. While some
were urging me to send troops at once to open a way, others
were warning (me) that this was very difficult to do, suddenly
a messenger sent by the commander himself freed us from all
fear. He informed us that the leader of the besieging (forces)
had been attacked by illness and that, disorder having arisen
in their camp, the enemy would not dare to attack the citadel :
that reinforcements, sent for three days ago, would arrive in
a few hours, and that the enemy, hearing of this, were already
withdrawing their army.
DIRECT QUESTIONS 65
DIRECT QUESTIONS
Exercise 65
[N.H. 110-111]
1. Do you not believe that the enemy's forces will be
increased ?
2. Who said that the soldier was not worthy of a reward ?
3. Surely you do not believe that the Gauls have crossed
the river ?
4. Do you think that he will surrender the city ?
5. Do not advise him to write a letter.
6. Has the general withdrawn his forces or not ?
7. Why did the old man decide to live m the country ?
8. Do not all agree that fortune favours the brave ?
9. When did you send the soldiers to forage ?
10. Which of your two sons told you that I was a deserter ?
66 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
Exercise 66
[N.H. 112-115]
1. I did not know why he had set out to the camp.
2. Do not ask me why I am unwilling to return.
3. We cannot tell you how often we have seen him.
4. It is uncertain whether he will return before night.
5. No one seemed to know what was being done.
6. Tell me why you spared this coward.
7. Who knows if he formed the plan himself ?
8. We had not been informed when he would come.
9. Tell me whether I ought to remain or go away.
10. Did you not discover when the general had set out ?
INDIRECT QUESTIONS 67
Exercise 67
[N.H. 112-115]
1. Not even the king knew what sort of plan the general
had formed.
2. I cannot understand how you can say such things.
3. It makes a great difference whether you wish to learn
or teach in this city.
4. Let us try to discover what the commander of the
garrison said.
5. Surely you do not think that he will be persuaded to
surrender ?
6. I asked him where he had come from and where he
wished to go.
7. Who knows whether he deserves praise or blame ?
8. What sort of man do you think him to be ?
9. Do not ask the guide where we are.
10. He sent three regiments that no one might think that
the Romans were defeated.
68 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 68
[N.H. 112-115]
Once upon a time Mercurius wished to know how highly
he was valued by mortals : accordingly he entered the house
of a certain man who sold statues 1 of the gods, and pointing to 2
a statue of Jupiter asked for how much he was willing to sell
it. The man replied that he would sell it for four sesterces.
Then turning to a statue of Juno, the god asked how much this
(statue) cost : the other replied that he valued this more
highly. At last he came to his own statue : on his asking the
same (question) again the man replied, ' If you are willing to
buy those (other) two, I will throw 3 the third into the bargain.' 4
1 statua. J monstro, I.
3 adicio, -ere, adieci, adiectum. 4 insiiper.
INDIRECT QUESTIONS 69
Exercise 69
[N.H. 116-117]
1. We sent scouts to discover the nature of the district.
2. No one seems to know what was your object in surrender-
ing the citadel.
3. Did you not perceive his reason for doing this ?
4. I could not ascertain the numbers and intentions of the
enemy.
5. Surely you do not think that I know his reason for
going away ?
6. We were not informed of the general's decision.
7. I almost think we ought to warn him that you have
returned.
8. Do not tell him by what road we shall advance.
9. It is uncertain what his object was in sparing the
captives.
10. I hope to discover to-morrow the size of the enemy's
camp.
70 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 70
[N.H. 118-123]
Often we are compelled not only willingly to suffer the
oppression 1 of the powerful but even to pretend that we have
not been injured. A certain Roman Emperor, angry with a
young man who had displeased him, put 2 him in prison :
when his father begged him to spare his son, he gave orders
that the son should be executed at once : at the same time he
invited the old man to dinner that day. Throughout the
whole dinner he kept sending him wine, placing a guard near
(him) to notice whether he drank it : he did drink (it). He
sent garlands, 3 ordering the guard to inform him whether he
took them up : he did take them, with a smile, not daring
to show his grief. Do you ask why he did this ? He had
another (son). He was sufficiently experienced in such
matters to know that thus only was he able to save his
surviving son's life.
'injuries.' 2 conicio, -ere, conieci, coniectum. 3 corona (1).
INDIRECT QUESTIONS 71
Exercise 71
[N.H. 118-123]
I do not cease to praise you, but I wish to know whether I
have been of service to you. I have the greatest hopes 1 of 2
Balbus, to whom I write very often about you. I am wont to
feel astonished at this, that I do not receive letters from you
as often as they are brought to me from my brother Quintus.
I hear that there is no gold in Britain : if that is so I advise
you to return to Rome as soon as possible. If you wish to
learn from me what you ought to do, I reply that it is of great
importance that you should please your general. I hope to
hear soon what you are doing and how long you intend to
remain in Britain. Have you been able to discover the nature
of the island, the number of men living in it, (and) Caesar's
object in undertaking a task so useless (and) so difficult to
execute ?
1 singular. 2 in (abl.).
72 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 72
[N.H. 118-123]
Born of a noble race, endowed with great talents, you can,
if you wish, set an example to the rest of your fellow-citizens
and be the salvation of your country. Now that so great an
opportunity of winning honour in the state is offered you, I
urge you, nay, 1 I beseech (you), not to be wanting to yourself
and not to allow others to undertake those duties which I
believe that you are fit to undertake yourself. On all sides
men are asking what you intend to do, whether you will prefer
the country to the city, whether you desire merely to enjoy
your wealth or to be of service to your king. I advise you
to consider my reason for writing this, the character of the
friends whose interests you are now consulting, the magni-
tude of the danger into which our state has been brought.
SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN INDIRECT STATEMENT 73
SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN INDIRECT
STATEMENT
Exercise 73
[N.H. 124-127]
Some days after three soldiers who had survived the battle
returned to Rome : at first they were so exhausted that they
could report nothing ; then, when they had been refreshed 1
by food they informed us that the dictator, thinking that he
was superior in numbers, had drawn up his army in a place
which seemed suitable ; the enemy, however, who had received
reinforcements unknown to our men, had not only withstood
the charge but had compelled our vanguard to take to
flight : that the cavalry, who had taken up a position behind
on a mound, had vainly tried to drive back the enemy's archers
who, hidden in the small woods in which that district abounded,
were rushing out on all sides ; that the dictator, who had held
his ground with great courage, had at last given up hope
and ordered the retreat to be sounded.
reficio, -ere, refeci, refectum.
74 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
IMPERSONAL VERBS
Exercise 74
[N.H. 124-127]
I beg you, gentlemen of the jury, 1 to consider the character of
the men who have given evidence, (and) at the same time how
few (facts) they have related which can serve as a proof of
the crime. 21 Publius Memmius, who pretends to be my client's 3
friend, declared that he gave a road through his brother's
farm by which they all escaped. To him I will express my
thanks, for he gave his evidence with great care. Aulus
Atilius said that there had been armed men in the place whom
he himself had brought : that moreover my client had asked
Aebutius, who was threatening him with death, to do nothing
against the laws. Publius Rutilius said the same thing, and
said it the 4 more gladly in order that in some trial 5 at last
he might be believed by the jury.
1 'judges.' 2 scelus (sceleris). 3 hie.
4 eo. 5 iudicium.
IMPERSONAL VERBS 75
Exercise 75
[N.H. 128-130]
1. You ought to have escaped before night.
2. I am ashamed of the kindness which I have shown
towards you.
3. Do not say that you are sorry for your piety.
4. It happened that I had not set out from the camp.
5. You will soon get tired of this book.
6. He says that he does not repent his deed.
7. I asked him whether the old man pitied his children.
8. It is your duty to offer me this opportunity of saving
my country.
9. You might have informed us of the massacre.
10. Do you not pity the men whom you have slain ?
76 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
GENITIVE CASE
Exercise 76
[N.H. 131-132]
1. It is pleasant to recall one's past life.
2. Is he not ignorant of the art which he pretends to teach ?
3. You ought to have stood for the consulship for the sake
of honour, not of riches.
4. Abandoning this design, he devoted himself to other
peoples' affairs.
5. He was elected king on account of his skill in the art of
war.
6. You do not seem to remember me.
7. Forgetting my kindness, he accused me of treachery.
8. Addressing his staff, the general warned them of the
danger.
9. Forgetful of my advice, he remained in the city until
late in the night.
10. I will pardon you for the sake of the kindness that you
have shown towards me.
GENITIVE CASE 77
Exercise 77
[N.H. 133-140]
All who have written books on these matters agree that
nothing encourages a man more to be of service to his country
than the memory of the honours which his ancestors have won
in this same state. To be worthy of them, (and) at the same
that his children may not be ashamed of him, who would not
face danger, nay, death itself, rather than merely consult his
own safety ? We all know that whatever we do for the sake
of those with whom we live l is not only a credit to ourselves
but an example to others. It is therefore of the greatest im-
portance to remember that our sons and our sons 5 sons will
one day 2 ask what we ourselves accomplished in this war,
and that if we perform our duty to-day, they will be roused to
follow our example.
1 versor, I. 2 olim.
78 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 78
[N.H. 133-140]
I know that most (historians) have written that Themis-
tocles crossed into Asia during the reign of Xerxes. 1 But I
prefer to believe Thucydides, who was (a member) of the same
state. He 2 relates that he came to Artaxerxes and informed
him by means of a letter that he was Themistocles, who had
injured the king's ancestors with all his powers as long as l
it had been his duty to wage war on the enemy who had
made an invasion into his own country : that he had however 3
been of great service to them in that dangerous march which
they had made through Greece into Persia. For, he said, 4
he had warned Xerxes that the Greeks had formed a plan to
break down the bridge which he had built over 5 the Helles-
pontus, and had so freed him from danger. (He said) that
he now begged him to forget the injuries that they had sus-
tained and, mindful only of his acts of kindness, pity him in
his misfortunes.
1 In Latin these words must come before 'into Asia,' 'crossed,' of
course, coming last of all. See N.H., pp. 200-201 'Emphasis.'
2 is. 3 Use Idem.
4 Omit, using accusative and infinitive. 5 f acere in (abl. ).
EXERCISES FOR REVISION 79
EXERCISES FOR REVISION
Exercise 79
[N.H. 133-140]
A certain old man who lived in the country sent his son to
Athens, bidding him devote himself to those arts which he
had had no opportunity of learning himself. Accordingly
setting out to Athens he attended the lectures of 1 a very cele-
brated philosopher. 2 Some months after he returned home
(his) father, desirous of ascertaining whether he remembered
everything that his master had taught him, asked him several
(questions). (His) son again and again 3 replied that he did
not know this, that he had never been taught that. At length
the old man cried out in anger, ' Fool ! have you learnt nothing
at Athens ? ' and taking a rod he began to beat him. The
young man did not shed a tear, did not show a sign of grief on
his countenance, but when his father, who was neither ashamed
nor sorry for his cruelty, asked him again whether he had
learnt nothing from the master to whose care he had been
committed, he replied that he had learnt one thing, to endure
the fury of an angry father patiently. 4 '
1 audio. 2 philosophus. 3 identidem. 4 aequo anirao.
80 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 80
[N.H. 133-140]
Socrates believed that poor men who gave small gifts to the
gods were not less loved by them than rich men who gave
them great gifts, and that men who thought that great gifts
pleased them more than small ones were really accusing them
of avarice : for often rich men were bad, (and) poor men
good, and it was not lawful to believe that the gods loved
bad men more than good, even if they gave them greater gifts.
He also urged his friends not to ask the gods for lands, money,
(or) honours, but merely to pray that they would give them
what seemed best to the gods themselves. When accused by
his enemies and brought to trial, 1 he related a remarkable story
to the judges that, when a certain friend enquired at Delphi
whether anyone 2 was wiser than Socrates, the god replied
that no one was wiser.
1 in indicium voco, I. 2 quis.
EXERCISES FOR REVISION 81
Exercise 81
[N.H. 141-146]
1. The general replied that he had no one to trust.
2. Will you not leave three cohorts to guard the prisoners ?
3. Send chosen men that we may more easily win a victory.
4. To become wiser you must devote yourself to these arts.
5. He ought to have sent cavalry to attack our infantry.
6. Let us send scouts to discover the position of the enemy.
7. Do not say that you have no books for me to read.
8. Forgetful of natural affection, he sent a man to kill his
father.
9. Did you not post soldiers in the town to check the
enemy ?
10. He was accustomed to talk in a loud voice to appear
wiser.
82 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
RELATIVE WITH SUBJUNCTIVE
Exercise 82
[N.H. 141-146]
1. You are not the man to be terrified by such dangers.
2. Surely he does not deserve to be elected consul ?
3. There are some who think that men are made better by
sorrow.
4. We shall not easily find a man whom we can trust.
5. There is no one who can be placed in command of such
an army.
6. These men are not fit to be admitted into the city.
7. Where will you find a man brave enough to open the
gate ?
8. Is he really a man to whose care I can commit my son ?
9. Send men who can inspire the enemy with terror.
10. He is not the man to forget your kindness.
RELATIVE WITH SUBJUNCTIVE 83
Exercise 83
[N.H. 141-146]
1. Messengers were sent to say that the town would be
surrendered.
2. There were some who thought that you ought to have
been accused of theft.
3. Do not rashly undertake things which you cannot
accomplish.
4. That we might more easily relieve the wounded we sent
for reinforcements.
5. He sent picked men to scale the walls.
6. He is not the man to threaten prisoners with torture.
7. With great insolence he replied that he was rich enough
to buy the whole house.
8. Surely you are not the man to be tired of life ?
9. I do not believe that you are the man to shirk danger.
10. There are some men who are never ashamed of their
actions.
84 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 84
[N.H. 147-148]
I have nothing to write to you about the war, for what news
do you imagine that I receive in this village ? I am sure,
however, that many things are happening daily of which we
are not informed. I am not the sort of man to give up all
hope, but I think that these men who cry that there is no
cause for alarm are mad. Our country has been brought into
great danger owing to the carelessness and excessive confidence
of those who have managed our public affairs. It is most
important that we should increase the number of our ships,
and that we should have enough soldiers to relieve the sick
and disabled, enough workmen to manufacture l arms. But
our citizens are not the men to shirk their duty : mindful of
their past glories, 2 they will show that resolution which in-
spires even the bravest enemy with terror.
1 fabrlcor, I. 2 laus (sing.).
RELATIVE WITH SUBJUNCTIVE 85
Exercise 85
[N.H. 147-148]
He was a man of weak body but marvellous resolution,
who was not only a credit to his country but its salvation.
(While still) young he was placed in command of a garrison
and, to the amazement of his friends at home, abandoned all
those pursuits l to which he had devoted himself before, 2 that
he might become more skilled in his profession as a soldier. 3
There were some who had hoped that he would win fame 4
by writing books, but when the war broke out 5 all agreed that
he could not have made a better use of his talents. He died
setting before his fellow-countrymen an example for all to
follow, (that) of a man who preferred to accomplish the work
that he had undertaken rather than seek safety for himself
by leaving it to others.
1 stiidium. 2 antea. 3 'art of war.'
4 'praise.' 5 'arose.'
86 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
GERUND AND GERUNDIVE
EXPRESSING OBLIGATION
Exercise 86
[N.H. 149-152]
1. We must not accuse the king of favouring the rich.
2. They undertook to increase the number of our men of
war.
3. We must remain in the city for ten days.
4. You must start for Rome at dawn.
5. See to the repairing of the fleet at once.
6. You must set guards on all sides throughout the town.
7. Do you think that we shall have to give hostages to
Caesar ?
8. He knew that he must attack the city before night.
9. I must write a letter to my father to-day.
10. He had to hold a levy in Gaul.
GERUND AND GERUNDIVE EXPRESSING OBLIGATION 87
Exercise 87
[N.H. 149-152]
1. The army had to remain in winter quarters for several
months.
2. Did you not undertake to accuse Gaius of theft ?
3. Owing to want of money we have to suffer many hard-
ships.
4. We must relieve the sick and wounded as soon as possible.
5. The soldiers had to climb the walls by ladders.
6. We must not give up hope yet.
7. You must not put a Koman citizen into prison.
8. We must forgive those who are ashamed of their cruelty.
9. You must not forget that you were once a soldier
yourself.
10. We must remove the population to the other part of
the town.
88 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 88
[N.H. 149-152]
We have with great hopes l undertaken the cause of liberty,
but we realise 2 that it is uncertain whether we shall win 3 or
not : we must however fight for freedom at the risk of our
lives. 1 Life is not to be valued highly by those who can no
longer preserve their freedom. All barbarians can endure
slavery, for they hold that nothing is to be avoided more than
pain and hardship : we have learnt from our ancestors that
death itself is to be preferred to slavery. I am ashamed of
the cowardice of those who urge us to abandon our plans, to
yield to the enemy, to consult our own interests rather than
those of our children.
1 singidar. 2 'understand.'
GERUND AND GERUNDIVE EXPRESSING OBLIGATION 89
Exercise 89
[N.H. 153-154]
On every side there are men who wish to lead armies into
the enemy's territories, who know where the camp should be
pitched, what places are to be occupied for garrisons, when
and by what pass we ought to enter Macedonia, by what land
(and) by what sea provisions are to be sent, when we are to
join battle, when it is better to do nothing. I am not the man
to deny that generals ought to be advised : nay, I hold that a
man who is unwilling to be advised is arrogant rather than
wise. It is clear, however, that advice should be given only
by men skilled in the art of war, who have taken part in battles
and campaigns themselves.
90 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 90
[N.H. 153-154]
The general who was in command of our army was in great
difficulty, for he could neither trust the courage of his allies
nor rashly attack an enemy so superior in numbers, relying
merely on his own forces. Before him was a small river,
which seemed easy to cross : he knew, however, that on
advancing farther into the plain they would meet the enemy
drawn up in line of battle, that they would have to fight at
close quarters and decide the contest at once. Therefore
(though he was) a man of great resolution he shrank from l
the responsibility 2 of making up his mind. 3 Calling together
his staff he bade them give their opinion (as to) what ought
to be done. The majority resolved that they must wait for
reinforcements. At first he himself agreed 4 : on dismissing
the meeting, however, he determined to put everything to the
hazard 5 and cross the river on the next day.
1 'shirked.' - 'burden.' 3 'forming a plan.'
4 'felt the- same-thing.' 5 ' to entrust everything to fortune.'
VERBS OF FEARING 91
VERBS OF FEARING
Exercise 91
[N.H. 155-157]
1. I am afraid that the camp has not yet been fortified.
2. Fearing that his plan would be discovered he remained
at home.
3. I am afraid that you will not tell the truth when asked.
4. I knew that you feared that I had been captured by the
enemy.
5. We fear that the city will be betrayed by our own men.
6. He advanced alone that no one might fear to follow.
7. We are afraid that our scouts will not return.
8. I am afraid that you are not sorry for your act.
9. Do not fear that the citizens will forget your kindness.
10. Do you not fear that they have taken the city and
destroyed it ?
92 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 92
[N.H. 158-159]
It is the duty of us all to endure these losses patiently and
not to despair in adversity, for I fear that we shall need courage
and determination to accomplish the task set before us. An
opportunity is offered us to-day of showing whether we prefer
our wealth to our freedom, or are willing to surrender every-
thing for the sake of our country. I know that this war has
been a great burden to you all : I am afraid that you will
have to bear similar hardships for many years. We shall
have to demand tribute, 1 (and) hold levies. Mindful, however,
of the good-will that you have always shown towards us who
are responsible for the government of this country, 2 I do not fear
to urge you once more 3 not to accept these disgraceful terms
of peace.
1 tributum. ' 2 ' administer puMic affairs.'
3 'again.'
VERBS OF FEARING
93
Exercise 93
[N.H. 158-159]
Many years ago a certain priest had undertaken to build a
great temple in which his fellow-countrymen might worship L
their gods. It happened once that he was riding 2 with the
king near a very beautiful forest. The king promised to give
the priest whatever wood 3 he could cause to be taken away
in four days. Thanking him, the priest 4 collected so great a
crowd of men that they cut down all the trees and brought
them to the city in which the temple was being built. The
king, learning of this, was greatly enraged : the priest, fearing
that he would be put to death, begged for pardon. Moved by
his prayers the king forgave him, but caused his own name to
be inscribed 5 on the temple.
1 colo, -ere, colui, cultum.
3 lignum (use genitive).
2 equo vehor, III.
4 Use is.
5 inscrlbo, III.
94 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
CAUSAL CLAUSES
Exercise 94
[N.H. 160-163]
1. Under these circumstances I shall not ask -you to pay
the money.
2. They fear nothing because they know nothing.
3. He was accused by his father of having lied.
4. You replied that you had returned because you feared
to face danger.
5. I shall not dig up my vineyard this year because it does
not produce fruit.
6. I was told that he had retreated because the enemy were
pressing upon (him).
7. He was allowed to go out because he had given the
guard money.
8. Since you are not ashamed of your act I shall not
pardon you.
9. We pitied him on the grounds that he had been com-
pelled to go against his will.
10. We are willing to accept fair terms, because it is for the
good of the state to cease from war.
CAUSAL CLAUSES 95
Exercise 95
[N.H. 161-163]
Throughout my whole life I have undertaken your cause
against the king, the nobles, (and) the rich, because I believed
that you, who were weak, needed help against the powerful.
For many years I was hated by the majority of my fellow-
countrymen, because I preferred to exact money from the rich
rather than suffer the poor to be without food and clothes.
To the workmen of this city I have caused nine l pieces of
money to be given in exchange for 2 four l (pieces). If there-
fore to-day I beg you not to shirk your work but to devote
yourselves with all your might to the manufacture 3 of arms,
you ought not to accuse me of favouring the rich : if I urge
you to forget for a little while your past wrongs, do not refuse
on the grounds that we politicians 4 have never consulted
your interests.
1 Use distributive numeral. 2 pro.
3 See above Ex. 84, note 1 ; use gerundive.
4 See above Ex. 92, note 2.
96 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
EXERCISES FOR REVISION
Exercise 96
[N.H. 164-167]
The laws of Draco are thought worthy of recollection even
to-day, because he inflicted such severe punishment on the
guilty. For he decreed that almost all who had been brought
to trial and condemned for having done something contrary
to the laws should be put to death. When asked himself why
he had caused so many men to be condemned to death, he
replied that the smaller offences deserved death, (and) that
for x greater (offences) no heavier penalty was forthcoming. 2
Many years afterwards Demades praised him for having
written his laws not (in) ink 3 but (in) blood. To-day, how-
ever, all agree that such severe penalties accomplish nothing
towards l checking the madness * of those who have not yet
learnt that it is to their own advantage to obey the laws.
1 ad. 2 suppetere. 3 atramentum.
EXERCISES FOR REVISION 97
Exercise 97
[N.H. 164-167]
Meanwhile the Greeks, compelled against their will to join
battle with an enemy superior in numbers, did not show their
customary skill. When the enemy's forces had not yet been
increased, they had hoped that their own allies would soon
arrive ; but now 1 the barbarians, full of hope and courage,
set sail from the harbour to attack them. Since they could
not avoid a battle, the Greeks drew up their fleet. The
Carthaginians soon sank 2 two vessels, killed almost a thousand
men, (and) pursued the survivors to the very walls of the city.
The inhabitants, who had seen that their fleet was defeated
and that the Carthaginians were approaching, fearing that they
would be unable to resist, urged the magistrates to open the
gates and not to attempt any longer to defend the city.
J mine autem, 2 submerge, -ere, submersi, submersum.
98 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
QUIN
Exercise 98
[N.H. 168-169]
1. There is no doubt that he was allowed to go.
2. I cannot help thinking that you will soon return.
3. There is no one who does not know that a levy must
be held.
4. Who doubts that you are favoured by the rich ?
5. I shall leave nothing undone to bring these men to trial.
6. I do not doubt that the general kept his word.
7. You were within a very little of being defeated.
8. It is impossible that the standards were not taken.
9. I was within a very little of being left in the camp.
10. We did not doubt that each of the two brothers had
perished.
QUOMINUS AND QUIN 99
QUOMINUS AND QUIN
Exercise 99
[N.H. 170-171]
1. Do not hinder your son from fighting for his country.
2. Nothing deters a good man from obeying the laws.
3. It was due to you that I did not write the letter.
4. Our men could not be hindered from joining battle
with the enemy.
5. I do not wish to deter you from performing your duty.
6. They will not refuse to go with you to Asia.
7. I prevented my soldiers from killing the captives.
8. What do you think will hinder us from weighing anchor ?
9. Did you not wish to prevent me from setting sail ?
10. It was owing to me that you did not stand for the
consulship.
100 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 100
[N.H. 172-175]
1. Who doubts that the king needs money and soldiers ?
2. We could not refuse to get the boat ready.
3. Why did you try to hinder the scouts from returning ?
4. There is no one but thinks that the city has been
destroyed.
5. We shall leave nothing undone to accuse these deserters
of treachery.
6. I was within a little of asking when he had seen his
father.
7. There is no doubt that he will never forget your
kindness.
8. I cannot but believe that you know who I am.
9. Nothing will deter him from setting out to help the
besieged garrison.
10. Surely you will not refuse to heal the sick and wounded ?
QUOMINUS AND QUIN 101
Exercise 101
[N.H. 172-175]
On being informed that the Emperor was returning to the
city, Messalina decided to set out to meet him. She was within
a little of being deserted by all her friends, who feared that
they would be brought to trial and put to death. She did
not, however, doubt that if 1 she obtained a favourable oppor-
tunity she could persuade her husband to spare her. Mean-
while those who were on the side of Claudius were by no
means less afraid that he would be moved by her prayers.
It is well known that Vitellius hesitated to give an opinion,
and that Narcissus urged him to give them an opportunity
of ascertaining what he intended to do. At last Messalina
showed herself in the road, praying the Emperor in vain to
hear the mother of Britannicus and Octavia : when l the
children were brought Narcissus ordered them to be removed 2 :
he could not, however, prevent Vibidia from begging Claudius
not to allow his wife to be condemned to death without a trial.
1 Use participle. 2 amoveo.
102 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 102
[N.H. 172-175]
I cannot prevent you, fellow-citizens, from electing this
man as consul, nor do I wish to prevent you if you are sure
that he is worthy of being elected. But I beg you to remember
how often he has deceived you by his cunning at home, how
in the battlefield when the rest held their ground he alone
effected his escape. Everybody knows that it was due to him
that we did not support our allies when they were hard pressed.
This being so, who can doubt that he will deceive you 'again ?
Contrary to the expectation of all men, you have repulsed the
enemy who had declared war on you : with the help of the
gods you have avenged your slaughtered citizens. To-day it
is of the greatest importance that you should choose as
magistrates men whom you can trust.
EXERCISES FOR REVISION 103
EXERCISES FOR REVISION
Exercise 103
[N.H. 176-181]
Mindful of the example of my ancestors, I have decided to
employ the same policy l in administering public affairs, by
transferring here whatever excellence 2 there is in other lands.
There is no doubt that many whom to-day we rightly regard
(as) the most celebrated of our citizens are descended from
Gauls and Germans. What other thing was the ruin of certain
Greek cities except that 3 they were unwilling to receive their
conquered enemies into the state and regard them as citizens ?
I know that this law which I am proposing seems iniquitous
to you, but I cannot help thinking that in a few years you
will praise me for having been of service to my country. All
things, which are believed to be very old now, were once
new, and I do not doubt that this, which we are defending
by precedents 4 to-day, in course of time 5 will rank as 6 a
precedent itself.
1 ' to use the same plan. ' ~ gen. sing. adj. , egregius.
3 nisi quod. 4 'examples.'
5 aliquando. 6 ' will be among. '
104 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 104
[N.H. 176-181]
The defeated general retreated to a city whither the French
were marching through the pass. No enemies being left near
the river, the English commander-in-chief persuaded his allies
to depart from that district and besiege a small town (which
was) occupied by the enemy. Meanwhile the French with
their reinforcements had taken up a position on some rising
ground beneath which a small river flows through a marsh
into the Danube l near a village. A fierce battle was fought :
the English left nothing undone to take the village, which
however had been so admirably 2 fortified that they were again
and again driven back with great loss. At last the English,
attacking the French centre, contrary to expectation won a
great victory. On reading the general's despatches everyone
was elated with joy : at last they could boast that the in-
vincible forces of the French had been beaten.
1 Ister (Istri). 2 egregie.
EXERCISES FOR REVISION 105
Exercise 105
[N.H. 176-181]
Flaminius, who did not wish to desist from battle even
when the enemy had been repulsed, thinking it a disgrace to
himself that the fields of his allies were being ravaged and
that the Carthaginians were advancing through the middle
of Italy to attack the walls of the city, ordered everything to
be prepared for setting out. The others urged l (him) to wait
for the other consul, but l he replied that such a plan was
unworthy of a Roman general. ' Nay,' he said, 2 ' let us remain
before the walls of Arretium : let Hannibal devastate Italy
and reach the walls of Rome. 3 ' Having said this he ordered
the standards to be pulled up 4 : suddenly his horse stumbled
and threw 5 the consul over his head : stupefied by fear they
could not pull the standard up. On being informed of this
Flaminius, turning to the messenger, said, 2 ' Order them to
dig up* the standard if they are so overcome by fear that
they cannot pull it up.'
1 Use dative of participle. 2 inquit. 3 Use adjective,,
4 convello, -ere. 5 effundo, -ere.
106 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
TEMPORAL CLAUSES
Exercise 106
[N.H. 182-185]
1. As soon as they announced what he had done I returned.
2. Before the signal was given the infantry advanced into
the plain.
3. He waited until he should be informed of the victory of
the allies.
4. Before we could effect our escape the enemy arrived.
5. As soon as the standards were advanced we all raised
a shout.
6. Before taking the field the general delivered a speech.
7. Wait until you see the army passing in close order.
8. They held their ground until they were compelled to
retreat.
9. Do not wait for the work to be completed.
10. From the time when he resigned the consulship, he has
remained faithful to Caesar.
TEMPORAL CLAUSES 107
Exercise 107
[N.H. 182-185]
1. Six days after lie had reached Rome he was accused
of theft.
2. They decided to advance standards before the enemy
could finish the work.
3. As soon as they learnt that the enemy were advancing
in close order they made straight for the camp.
4. Before reading through the despatches he gave orders
that the retreat should be sounded.
5. It is most important that I should be informed of the
numbers of the enemy.
6. After seeing that the Gauls were about to hold a levy
he declared war.
7. The common people trusted him until he was accused
of having aimed at kingly power.
8. From the time when he was put in prison, he did not
cease to ask help from his friends.
9. Before launching the ship he delivered a speech.
10. As long as we are under arms we shall have to obey our
leaders.
108 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 108
[N.H. 182-187]
The Chauci, under the leadership of Gannascus, had in-
vaded Germany. Corbulo, on entering the province, as soon
as he heard what was happening, took the field. Having sunk
the enemy's fleet and compelled Gannascus to take to flight
he pacified 1 the whole province. He caused such panic to
the neighbouring races that the Frisii, who for many years
had 2 not been faithful to the Eomans, gave hostages and
settled down 3 in lands marked out 4 by Corbulo. He also 5
sent (men) to assassinate Gannascus and entice the Chauci
to revolt, with the intention of conquering them again. This
however displeased the Emperor, who, warned by his friends
that he was aiming at kingly power, ordered him not to
provoke the barbarians to war.
1 paco, I. 2 Use imperfect. 3 consido, III.
4 describe, III. 5 idem.
TEMPORAL CLAUSES 109
Exercise 109
[N.H. 182-187]
Having read through the Emperor's despatches he gave
orders that a retreat should be sounded, saying nothing else
than that the ancient Roman generals had been more fortunate.
However, lest the soldiers should become lazy, he compelled
them to dig a trench twenty-three miles long, which thing so
pleased the Emperor that, after Corbulo returned to Rome,
he granted him an honorary triumph. 1 A. few months after
Curtius Kufus, who had compelled his men to dig up fields
to seek silver, received the same honour. The soldiers, ex-
hausted by this work, learning that similar hardships were
being borne in other provinces, secretly wrote a letter to the
Emperor, praying him to give such rewards to generals, whom
he was about to send to a province, before they left Rome.
1 insigne triumph! indulgere.
110 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
CUM
Exercise 110
[N.H. 188-189]
1. When he learnt that the land forces had been defeated,
he set sail.
2. Whenever he takes part in a battle himself, the soldiers
fear nothing.
3. We were already feigning to retreat when the scouts
reported that the town had been taken.
4. When you have resigned the consulship you will be
told why we could not help you.
5. When he saw that the enemy were advancing in close
order he urged us not to despair.
6. Since the cavalry are already falling into confusion, do
not order us to advance standards.
7. When he arrives let us pretend that we do not recognise
him.
8. Whenever they wish to greet a friend they stretch out
each hand.
9. Since he was within a little of being deceived, we were
unwilling to trust him again.
10. When he talked about his misfortunes, we used to go
away.
BUM 111
DUM
Exercise 111
[N.H. 190-191]
1. While the soldiers were advancing they raised a shout.
2. If only you obey me, I will allow you to effect an escape.
3. While the generals were holding a conference the
messenger arrived.
4. As long as he was able he administered public affairs.
5. He held his ground until he learnt that the general had
been killed.
6. If only you deliver a speech before the people, you will
be elected consul.
7. He was kept in the city until he was recalled by the king.
8. While the enemy were stealthily climbing the hill our
men were ravaging the fields.
9. He resolved to stand firm until he could drive back
the enemy's centre.
10. As long as you inhabit this city, you will have to obey
pur laws.
112 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
CUM AND DUM
Exercise 112
[N.H. 192-193]
1. When you have enticed the enemy into the plain, we
shall advance standards.
2. While the cavalry were harassing the foremost ranks of
the enemy, we were informed that Caesar had arrived.
3. As long as provisions hold out we shall defend the city.
4. Whenever we come within range, our general orders us
to retreat.
5. Since we ought to be an example to our children, we
dare not refuse to obey the king.
6. Although we had heard that the enemy had won a victory
we did not despair.
7. Whenever danger threatens his country he prevails upon
the people to stand firm.
8. While we were wandering in the fields, we met a captive
who had escaped from prison.
9. Not even you will say that he ought to be spared when
he returns from Corinth.
10. While the harvest was being gathered in, the soldiers
were allowed to rest.
TEMPORAL CLAUSES 113
TEMPORAL CLAUSES
Exercise 113
[N.H. 194-201]
From the time when I (first) administered public affairs I
indeed left nothing undone to consult the interests of my
country, but I have always thought that this country of ours
ought to be an example to the rest of mankind. Our ancestors
valued their independence highly : when the barbarians were
invading Greece they left their city and embarked on ships
to resist them with all their might. Yet I am sure of this,
that no one could have persuaded them to fail their allies, to
betray those whom they had promised to defend. To-day the
opportunity is given us of proving that we are not unworthy
of these ancestors : by letting slip this (opportunity) we shall
not only bring our country into danger but we shall ourselves
be hated so long as men rightly scorn him who does not keep
his word.
114 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 114
[N.H. 194-201]
There is in this city a temple in which the men of the town
worship their gods. When the defendant 1 was at Agrigentum,
a crowd of slaves suddenly come to this temple by night. A
cry was raised by the guards who, although they tried to defend
themselves, were easily driven back. While these things were
happening, a messenger ran through the streets shouting out
that an attack was being made on their gods not by an enemy
but by a band of slaves. There was no one at Agrigentum of
so weak a mind or body that he did not rise up on that night
and take a weapon for the defence of the temple. Meanwhile
the slaves tried in vain to pull down 2 the statue : suddenly the
Agrigentini gather round the temple : stones were thrown
and the night 3 soldiers of this eminent 4 general take to flight.
1 Iste. 2 deraoliri. 3 adj. nocturnus. 4 praeclarus.
TEMPORAL CLAUSES 115
Exercise 115
[N.H. 194-201]
Having remained in the Senate-house until the senate was
dismissed, Milo came home to change his clothes : he delayed l
a few hours while his wife was preparing herself for the journey,
and then set out : Clodius met him equipped for travel, 2 on a
horse, without baggage, wife, (or) Greek companions, although
he was not accustomed to travel thus. At once several of
those who were with Clodius made an attack on Milo from a
higher place and killed his driver 3 : when he defended himself
some assailed him in the rear, others (assailed) his slaves.
Some of these were killed, others, hearing that their master
had been killed, did, without his orders or knowledge* what was
the duty of a good slave to do under such circumstances 5 :
they killed Clodius.
1 participle. 2 expeditus. 3 raedarius.
4 * he neither ordering nor knowing. ' 5 in tall re.
116
ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 116
[N.H. 194-201]
We who have been born in this state know how many
benefits we have received from (her) laws, how fortunate we
are thought to be by those who do not enjoy equal freedom.
Our ancestors won these advantages and handed (them) down l
to us : we ourselves have hitherto done nothing to make us
worthy of them. It is our duty to-day to prove that we are
not forgetful of these things. While the city seemed to be safe,
while no enemies were threatening us, no one was compelled
to take up arms against his will : now we have been attacked
by a powerful people that has resolved to wage war until it
subdues* us. Rightly, therefore, the state will compel us to
take arms : but let us not wait to be compelled : let us offer 3
our aid of our own accord*
1 trado, -ere, tradidi, traditura.
3 profiteer, -eri, prSfessus sum.
2 in potestatem redigere.
4 ultro.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 117
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Exercise 117
[N.H. 202-207]
1. If you provoke the Romans to war, you will be sorry.
2. If you are ignorant of such matters, you will have to
abandon this design.
3. If I had known this, I should have been vexed.
4. If he had not written this letter, I for my part should
have remained in the city.
5. If you were to ask him why he did it, he would not
answer.
6. If the army advances in two divisions it will be
defeated.
7. If the wind is favourable to-morrow, we will set sail.
8. If he had not slipped, he would have prevailed.
9. If he keeps his word, I shall forgive him.
10. If he had hesitated to make the attack, the enemy
would have escaped.
118 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 118
[N.H. 202-207]
1. If the law had been passed, we should have had to give
up this design.
2. It was owing to the senate that the law was not passed.
3. If you despise the multitude, you ought not to ad-
minister public affairs.
4. If we had increased the number of our artillery, the
state would now be safe.
5. If your soldiers feast and drink the whole night, they
will be defeated in the morning.
6. If he had taken part in the conspiracy, he would have
been brought to trial.
7. If he had waited for me to come, I could have helped
him.
8. If you are incensed with me now, you will be ashamed
to-morrow.
9. If you were to seek refuge in the city, you would be safe.
10. If he surmounted all obstacles, he was a good general.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 119
Exercise 119
[N.H. 202-207]
1. If you abandon the siege, the soldiers will always despise
you.
2. If you start in the morning, you will escape without the
knowledge of the king.
3. If the old man had not complained, he would not have
been blamed.
4. If we built more ships, we should easily defeat the
enemy in a few months.
5. If you were accustomed to endure hardships, you would
not complain now.
6. If you do not reach the town at midnight, the enemy
will have slaughtered all the citizens.
7. If you had appointed a day, I would have come.
8. If you do not arrest this man, you will be brought to
trial yourself.
9. Do not revenge yourself on him, if he falls into your
hands.
10. If he had assumed supreme power, he would have dis-
pleased the citizens.
120 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 120
[N.H. 208-211]
You have now for a long time been sure that no enemy
would ever invade your territories : for a long time you have
rashly slighted those who warned you again and again that a
great danger was threatening the state. If you had been will-
ing to obey those who used to urge you to build more ships
and increase the number of your soldiers, you could have pre-
vented this war. If you had proved to all men that you were
willing to defend with arms the liberty that you prize so highly,
no one would have dared to attack you. I would not blame
you to-day if you were sorry for your negligence, if you con-
fessed that you had been deceived, if I saw that you were
leaving nothing undone to win the day. But I cannot help
thinking that you do not believe even now that the danger is
.serious : if anyone dares to tell the truth you call him a traitor
and accuse him of being favourable to the enemy.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 121
Exercise 121
[N.H. 208-211]
Had I undertaken these labours, these dangers not for you
but against you, had I declared war against my native country,
you would scarcely have inflicted a greater punishment on me,
whom you have sent to a cruel war with a brave army and,
as far as in you lay, 1 have destroyed 2 by the most wretched 3
death of all, starvation. (Is it) with this hope (that) the
Roman people sends her children to war ? Are these (our)
rewards for wounds and blood so often 4 shed for our fellow-
countrymen ? Again and again I have written despatches,
I have sent messages : you reply that you can do nothing.
If my soldiers were to desert, if, meeting with a favourable
opportunity, I myself were to fly for refuge to another country,
(it is) on you (that) the enemy would revenge himself. If in
a few months you have to face this crisis, do not blame us :
blame yourselves for having abandoned those whom you
ought to have helped.
1 quantum in vobis fuit. 2 conficio. a miser. 4 totiens.
122 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS
Exercise 122
[N.H. 212-213]
1. When shall you decide to go to Athens ?
2. A certain philosopher said that a long life was a burden
to men.
3. If anyone told you this, he was trying to deceive you.
4. Whoever follows me to the city will receive a reward.
5. Someone or other confessed that he had written the
letter.
6. Let each man defend his own children.
7. Anyone can obey the laws of his country if he wishes to.
8. Do not think that you will be acquitted by the king.
9. It was due to the consul that you were not arrested.
10. You have more influence with the people than anyone
else.
EXERCISES FOR REVISION 123
EXERCISES FOR REVISION
Exercise 123
[N.H. 214-222]
If anyone had told me that you, a friend of the Koman
people, would at some time deliver such a speech before this
assembly, I should not have believed him : I should have
answered that a man who had received so many kindnesses
from us would never be so forgetful as to consult the interests
of (our) cruellest enemies. Some will blame you for having
failed your friends (when they were) brought into the utmost
danger, others will praise you for not rashly taking part in a
war from which you thought that neither you nor your fellow-
countrymen could reap 1 any advantage. 2 I for my part
prefer merely to point out that it is not even to your advan-
tage to revolt from us. If we win the day, we shall revenge
ourselves on you : if we are defeated, those who now pretend
to be your friends will not allow you to keep your independence,
and we shall not be present to protect you. Anyone can win
new allies by deserting old ones? but all the wisest men prefer
to remain faithful to those from whom they have never sought
help in vain.
1 percipio, -ere, percepi, perceptum. 2 fructus, -us (4 m).
3 'allies.'
124 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 124
[N.H. 2H-222]
Late at night he set out from the camp with one cohort,
partly for the purpose of foraging, partly to ascertain where
the enemy had encamped. Fearing that he might fall into
an ambuscade, he ordered each man to watch his companions
with the utmost caution and advance in silence. If any of
the enemy had seen them they would all have been slain to a
man, but their leader had chosen his route with such skill
that they advanced as far as the outposts of the Germans
without the knowledge of the sentinels. Then a soldier,
who had not been accustomed to marching by night, slipped
into a ditch : the others rushed forward and fell into con-
fusion with one another in the darkness. Fearing that the
noise would be heard by some of the guards, he was unwillingly
compelled to return to the camp without accomplishing
anything. Thus an opportunity was let go of ascertaining
the numbers and position of the enemy.
EXERCISES FOR REVISION 125
Exercise 125
[N.H. 214-222]
Those who take part in a war do not always understand
why the war is really being waged. To the orators, certainly,
who address the people, to the generals who take the field,
the soldiers who shed their blood, the ambassadors who make
terms of peace, the cause of the war seems evident enough :
nevertheless each is playing l his role 2 in a matter for which
they themselves are not responsible, of which they themselves
are ignorant. Whatever they accomplish contributes towards 3
the accomplishment of some great (purpose), unknown 4 to
themselves. Each man believes that he is undertaking the
cause of those whose cause he would especially wish to under-
take, so that in the same army some think that they are pre-
serving the liberty of all men, others (that they are preserving)
the power of kings : at last after many years, when they are
dead, it becomes evident what issue 5 was then really decided. 6
1 agere. 2 partes. 3 conferre ad.
4 incognitus. 5 res. 6 decerno.
126 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 126
[N.H. 214-222]
He was a man who without doubt in former times would
have aimed at kingly power if he had taken part in public
affairs. Whatever he intended to accomplish, he accom-
plished gloriously, and he was never prevented by dangers or
difficulties from completing a task ! that he had undertaken.
Whenever an opportunity was offered him of delivering a
speech before the people, he used to remind them that they had
often been deceived by those who were at the head of the state,
and did not hesitate to accuse the magistrates of having
plundered their fe.llow-countrymen. This being so, he in-
curred the hatred and resentment of some, (while) by others he
was praised for having defended the private citizens against
the king and nobles. All agree that he was a man of great
talents, and that in this crisis he had much influence with those
whom he had formerly most offended.
1 opus.
CONCESSIVE CLAUSES 127
CONCESSIVE CLAUSES
Exercise 127
[N.H. 223-226]
1. Although he remained [silent, he was convicted of
treason.
2. Even if more ships were to be fitted out, the survivors
would be unwilling to set out.
3. Although he had proved himself worthy of holding
command, he was not elected consul.
4. He seemed to be innocent, although there were many
who wished to accuse him.
5. Even if you confess that you received a bribe, the
soldiers will follow you to the death.
6. Although the regiment had been disbanded, he remained
in Athens for many months.
7. Even if the government order me to fight for my country,
I shall not expose myself to danger.
8. Even if he asked me why I neglected your advice, I
should not reply.
9. Although he was said to have much influence with the
soldiers, he was not thought fit to command the army.
10. Even if we had won the day we should not have im-
posed a tribute on private citizens.
128 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 128
[N.H. 223-226]
1. Though he was everywhere treated with hospitality,
no one seemed to trust him.
2. Great as your influence is, you must obey the laws.
3. Even if I had been accustomed to take the field, I
should have hesitated to expose myself to so great danger
in that crisis.
4. Even if you provoke me with insults, I shall not come
to an agreement.
5. However many letters I write, my friends are always
annoyed at my not writing more.
6. Even if the enemy invade our territories, he will not
lose heart.
7. Though I did not know what he intended to do, I
followed.
8. On the day appointed he was put to death, though he
had never violated the laws of his country.
9. However many tears you shed, anyone can see that
you are guilty.
10. Even if he were a king, I should not remain silent.
CONCESSIVE CLAUSES 129
Exercise 129
[N.H. 227-230]
Although Englishmen often go to foreign lands, they are
often unwilling to observe foreign customs. Most people say
that they despise other nations because they themselves live
in an island and imagine that they are superior to the rest of
mankind. This however is not true. When a Frenchman
comes to England, he visits a few temples, enjoys the hospi-
tality of a few friends, (and) thereupon returns to France as
soon as possible. Though Englishmen love their country
they gladly consent to be absent from it for many years ;
they have planted 1 colonies everywhere, and they impose
laws on those whom they have conquered in war. Though
the French, owing to their geniality, have shown themselves
capable of winning the affection of other nations, they cannot
easily be persuaded to depart from their own country for
the purpose of assuming the chief command among some
barbarians.
1 deducere.
130 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 130
[N.H. 227-230]
In other matters, my lords, 1 1 believe that it is to the advan-
tage of all that I should say plainly what I think ought to be
done : in this it is not expedient that I should express an
opinion. If those who called together this meeting had con-
sulted me first? I should have advised them not to undertake
so difficult a matter. For me it is neither honourable to
remain silent nor easy to speak, because I am not (merely)
performing the duties 3 of a praetor or consul : something
greater is demanded from an Emperor, and, though all men
think that they ought to be praised if they win a success,
if ever things go wrong* I alone am blamed. Some of you
now ask me to make a speech against the luxury of the rich :
but if a law were to be passed on this matter, the same men
would (be) the first (to) cry out that ruin is being prepared for
all the best men, that no one will be safe.
1 patres conscripti. 2 prius. 3 singular.
4 Use impersonal passive.
COMPARATIVE CLAUSES 131
COMPARATIVE CLAUSES
Exercise 131
[N.H. 231-232]
1. Our men rushed into battle as if the safety of the state
depended on them alone.
2. As I had predicted, the enemy were unable to come to
an agreement with our allies.
3. The Romans fought very bravely, as if Caesar himself
had been present.
4. He delivered his speech as if he were setting an example
to all mankind.
5. He seems to be acting otherwise than his friends
expected.
6. The soldiers were feasting and drinking as if they had
already won the day.
7. He ordered his regiment to advance in close order, just
as he had always been accustomed to.
8. I do not see as many young men in the city as I saw
three years ago.
9. He spoke as if it were to my interest to bring the war
to an end.
10. Despising the enemy is a different thing from winning
a victory.
132 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 132
[N.H. 233-236]
Who thinks that it is to our advantage to propose laws
which we cannot compel the citizens to obey ? If a thing
has not yet been forbidden, all fear that it may be forbidden :
if, though it has been forbidden, they are not punished for
having broken the law, there is nothing to hinder them from
doing wrong. Those things, about which you have com-
plained, are small (matters) : you spoke as if the safety of
the whole state depended on them. Why was this city so
strong formerly ? Because each man practised economy, 1
because we were citizens of one city. Now by our foreign
victories we have learnt to consume 2 other people's (resources,
and by our) civil (victories to consume) even our own. No
one seems to be vexed at the fact that Italy needs foreign aid,
that every day the food of the Koman people is carried on
ships across the sea. These things, my lords, (if) neglected,
will mean the destruction of the state.
1 slbi moderari. 2 consumere.
COMPARATIVE CLAUSES
133
Exercise 133
[N.H. 233-236]
In conducting this campaign x the general whom we had put
in command of our new forces proved himself, as all had ex-
pected, worthy of our confidence. As though he had been
accustomed to hold command for many years, by (his) strict
discipline (and his) marvellous energy he soon had such influ-
ence with his men that they were willing to follow him to the
death against an enemy who were superior in arms, numbers,
(and) experience. If he had had an opportunity of fighting
on equal terms he would have brought the war to a close
before the winter. But the enemy, as though they knew that
we had at last found a general whom they dared not despise,
never gave him this opportunity. For although again and
again he risked everything to engage in a pitched battle,
veteran forces of the enemy met him in so much greater numbers 2
that he was compelled to retreat. Then, since it was clear
that victory must be won by stratagem, not force, he sum-
moned his staff and explained what he wished to be done.
1 Use bellum administrate. 2 tanto maiores.
12
134 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
ORATIO OBLIQUA
Exercise 134
[N.H. 237-240]
Put into Oratio Obliqua after a verb in a Historic tense :
1. The men whom you accused have been convicted of
treason.
2. Let us advance in close order to meet the enemy.
3. Why do I remind you of these disasters ?
4. Follow me : revenge yourselves on the Romans.
5. If we were to seek refuge in the city, we should be
thought cowards.
6. If you are sorry for your crime, I forgive you.
7. Where have we found a more beautiful city ?
8. Whatever you do, do it with all your might.
9. If the enemy had not abandoned the siege we should
have starved.
10. Urge the soldiers to avenge the death of their general.
ORATIO OBLIQUA 135
Exercise 135
[N.H. 237-240]
Put into Oratio OUiqua after a verb in a Historic tense :
1. Why do you wish to address the people ?
2. Let us not pretend to have come to an agreement with
the consul.
3. If you wish to treat for peace, an opportunity is now
offered.
4. There is no doubt that he will easily win the affection
of the allies.
5. Do we (really) believe that the war will soon be brought
to an end ?
6. Where do you hope to hold a conference with the other
leaders ?
7. Order the soldiers to advance standards : we must not
lose hope.
8. If we had hastened, we should have reached the city
before night.
9. Let the older men be an example : the rest will follow.
1(X If you prove yourself worthy of confidence to-day, I
will put you in command of a regiment.
136 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 136
[N.H. 241-256]
Having assembled the people before the gates of the city,
Doria declared that he desired no greater reward than (the
fact) that he saw them again in possession of their liberty :
that he preferred to be called citizen rather than king, and
did not demand power or kingship for himself, but would
allow them to decide how they wished their state to be ad-
ministered. The people heard these words with the greatest
joy and enthusiasm. Twelve men were chosen to propose the
new laws. It is well known that Doria's virtue and example
had great influence with his fellow-countrymen ; that, for-
getting the factions * by which the state had so long been
racked? they with one consent resolved to devote themselves
to their country alone.
1 factio (3/). 2 Use laborare (active).
ORATIO OBLIQUA 137
Exercise 137
[N.H. 241-256]
He declared that the day which both he and they had so
long awaited was at last approaching ; the whole fortune of
the war depended on their valour ; the contest would be de-
cided in one battle : that it was of the greatest importance
that they should win the day, whether they considered the
rewards of victory or the inevitable destruction of 1 the van-
quished : that if their veteran soldiers could break through
these raw recruits who had rashly dared to attack them, the
war would be brought to a successful issue ; that if, however,
they did not show their accustomed courage, a disgraceful
death would be the punishment of their cowardice. That he
himself, by collecting so brave an army, had left nothing
undone that lay within the power of a man to make victory
certain 2 : that the enemy's general, by violating the treaty,
had given him cause for hoping that the gods would favour
them too.
1 not to-be-avoided (gerundive) by.
2 victoriam exploratam habere.
138 ADDITIONAL LATIN EXERCISES
Exercise 138
[N.H. 241-256]
Turn into Oratio Obliqua after a Historic tense :
The war which is now being waged throughout almost the
whole world arose from a matter which at first did not concern
us. We tried with all our power to preserve peace, and when
that was no longer possible we did our utmost to prevent as
many nations as we could from taking part in the war. When
at last it was plain that we must either help our allies or break
our word, we declared war ourselves, and we do not regret the
act. In such a matter no one could, without the greatest
disgrace, have failed his friends. A great and powerful people
had threatened a small state, bound 1 to us by friendship and
treaties, which was aiming at nothing else except the preser-
vation 2 of her freedom. Never has that duty been so bravely
undertaken as by the king and people of Belgium.
1 coniunctus. 2 Use the verb conservare.
BY THE SAME AUTHORS
ELEMENTARY LATIN PROSE EXERCISES.
Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d.
This book is designed as a complete introduction to North and
Hillard's 'Latin Prose Composition,' and may be used from the
time when Latin is begun. As in the same authors' ' Elementary
Greek Exercises, 5 the Vocabulary is kept small, so that there is
constant practice in the inflection of the same words, and these
are mainly such words as are met with when Caesar is begun.
All that is exceptional in Accidence is carefully avoided.
The above book has been placed on the London County
Council's requisition list for use in Secondary Schools.
ELEMENTARY GREEK EXERCISES.
An Introduction to North and Hillard's 'Greek Prose.'
Crown %vo. 2s. 6d.
This elementary book is definitely planned to lead up to North
and Hillard's ' Greek Prose Composition,' and is made as simple
as possible. The constructions introduced are only those which
are required in order to introduce sufficient variety into the simple
sentence.
' An admirably arranged course of elementary exercises, one Greek-English
corresponding with every three English-Greek." Secondary Education.
By M. A. NORTH, M.A., and the Rev. A. E. HILLARD, D.D.
LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION. For Middle Forms
of Schools. Crown 8vo. $s. 6d.
' Altogether this is one of the best books on Latin Prose Composition that
we have yet come across. We strongly recommend it.' Saturday Review.
' Deserves the fullest consideration of schoolmasters. . . . Schoolmasters
will do well to look at this volume very carefully.' Guardian.
GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. For Schools.
Crown 8vo. $s. 6d.
This work, in the main, follows the plan of the same authors'
' Latin Prose Composition,' e.g. in the use of continuous pieces as
well as sentences from an early stage, in the concise statement of
rules, in having duplicate exercises throughout, and in the arrange-
ment of vocabularies. It is intended to cover the work of Fourth
and Fifth Forms at Public Schools, and may be commenced by
boys who have had some practice in Accidence, and have learnt to
turn the simplest sentences into Greek.
'The scheme is altogether well conceived and we worked out.' School
Guardian.
' These exercises are carefully graduated and selected, and the book supplies
a want.' Journal of Education.
LONDON: RIVINGTONS
MESSRS. RIVINGTONS'
First Lessons in Latin Gram-
mar and Translation^
By W. GREENSTOCK. us. 6d.
First Latin Lessons. For Pre-
paratory and Secondary Schools.
By C. M. Dix. 2$.
Second Latin Lessons.
By the same Author, zs. 6d.
First Latin Book. Preparatory to
Caesar. By C. A. WILLIAMS, vs.
Second Latin Book. Preparatory
to Caesar. By thesame Author, zs.6d.
Latin Lessons for Beginners.
By A. S. R. HALLIDIE. is. 6d.
Elementary Latin Exercises.
By HILLARD and BOTTING. zs. 6d.
Latin Prose Composition for
Middle Forms. By M. A. NORTH
and A. E. HILLARD. 3*. 6d.
Rivingtons 1 Class Books of
Latin Unseens, (a) Six books for
Fourth Forms ; and (b) Five books for
Fifth Forms. 6d. each net.
Easy Latin Unseens. In Three Books.
Prose and Verse together :
Book I., 6d. net; Book II., 6d. net.
Book III., Verse only. 6d. net.
First Latin Translation Book.
By TURNER and THOMAS, is. 6d.
InitiaLatina. B y E.D.M A NSFiELD. -25.
Exercises in Latin Prose.
By E. D. MANSFIELD, as. 6d. net.
A Primer of Latin Grammar.
ByW. MODLEN. zs. 6d. Or separately:
Accidence, is. Syntax, is. 6d.
Advanced Manual of Latin
Prose Composition.
By B. D. TURNER. $s.
A Latin Verse Book. For Junior
Students. By A. H. THOMAS. 3 s. 6d.
Rivingtons' Graded First Latin Books.
A new and modern set of six cheap
books for beginners in Latin.
Books I., II., III., IV., is. each net (ready).
Books V. and VI. (to follow).
Rivingtons' Single Term Latin Readers
First Term. Three Books, 8<t. each net.
Second Term. Three Books, is. each net.
Third Term. Three Books, is. each net.
Fourth Term. Three Books, is. each net.
Fifth Term. Three Books, is. +d. each net.
Sixth Term. Three Books, gd. each net.
Riving tons' Middle Form Classics,
Livy. Books I., II., and V. zs. each.
Euripides' Hercules Furens. is. 6d.
The Retreat from Syracuse, is. 6d.
The Siege of Plataea. is. 6d.
Brasidas in Thrace, is. 6d.
A Primer of Greek Grammar.
By E. ABBOTT and E. D. MANSFIELD.
3s. 6d. net, or separately:
Accidence.2s.6rf.net. Syntax. is.6<f.net.
A Primer of Greek Exercises.
Based on, and adapted to, the above.
By W. GREENSTOCK. 3*. 6d.
Elementary Greek Exercises,
By A. E. HILLARD and C. G. BOTTING.
zs. 6d.
Greek Prose Composition. By
M. A. NORTH and A. E. HILLARD.
3*. 6d.
A First Greek Reading Book.
By ARTHUR SIDGWICK. zs. 6d.
Greek Sentence Construction.
By ARTHUR SIDGWICK. is. 6d.
Rivingtons' Single Term Greek Readers
First Term. Three Books, gd. each net.
Second Term. Two Books,gd. each net.
Third Term. T-wo Books, gd. each net.
An Elementary History of
Greece. By C. W. C. OMAN. zs.
A Short History of Greece.
By W. S. ROBINSON. 3 s.
A Short History of Rome.
By W. S. ROBINSON. 3 s. 6d.
A History of Rome. For Middle
and Upper Forms. ByJ. L. MYRES. 5*.
British History. From the Earli-
est Times to the Present Day.
By L. CECIL SMITH. One Vol., 5*.,
or Two Periods :
I. To14G5. zs.6d. II. To1912. 3 j.&.
A Junior British History.
By R. L. GivEENand F. VV. BEWSHKR.
i Vol., 3S., or in 2 Parts, is. (>d. each.
Notes on British History.
W. EDWARDS. Part I. To 1485. zs.
II. To 1660. zs. III. To 1783. zs.
IV. To 1901. 4 s. 6d., all net.
Parts I. -IV. in i Vol. IQS. 6d. net.
Junior British History Notes.
Parts I., II., ML, is. each net.
Part IV., zs. net.
A First History of England.
By Mrs. CYRIL RANSOME. zs. 6d.
An Elementary History of
England. By C. RANSOME. is. gd.
A Class Book of English His-
tory. By A. HASSALL. i Vol., 3 s. 6d.,
or in Two Parts :
I. To 1603. II. To 1910. zs. each.
An Advanced History of Eng-
land. By C. RANSOMK. i Vol., js. 6d.
Or, in Two Parts :
I. To 1603. II. To 1910. 4*. each.
London: 34, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
tii. 1916.]
EDUCATIONAL WORKS
By ARTHUR D. INNES.
A History of Englan^
British Empire. If'
With Maps and Pla/ -
Vol-T *
By Canon GLAZEBROOK.
. --.. .it. _ \x
University of Toronto
Library
DO NOT
REMOVE
THE
CARD
FROM
THIS
POCKET
Acme Library Card Pocket
LOWE-MARTIN CO. LIMITED
ndon: 34, King- Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
