A dictionary of medical terminology, dental surgery, and the collateral sciences

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GIFT
Dr. Frank E. Blaisdell

Pan

Te NS OTR Sn ea or ea hee ae Md cad

DICTIONARY

oF

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

aND

“DENTAL SURGERY.

Valuable Works Connected with Dentistry

PUBLISHED BY

P. BLAKISTON, SON & CO,

1012 WALNUT STREET,
PHILADELPHIA.

HARRIS (CHAPIN A.), M.D., D.D.S. ?
The Principles and Practice of Dentistry. Tenth Revised
Edition. In great part Rewritten, Rearranged, and with many new
and important Lilustrations. Edited by P. H. Austen, M.D., Professor
of Dental Science and Mechanism in the Baltimore College of Dental
Surgery. With nearly 400 Ilustrations. Royal octavo.
Price, in cloth, 6.50; in leather, 7.50
HARRIS (CHAPIN A.), M.D., D.D.8.
A Dictionary of Medical Terminology, Dental Sur-
ery, and the Collateral Sciences. Fourth Edition,
varefully Revised and Enlarged. By Ferdinand J. 8. MD.,
D.D.S., Professor of Dental Surgery in the Baltimore College, etc.
Royal octavo. rice, in cloth, 6.60; in leather, 7.50

RICHARDSON (JOSEPH), D.D.8.
A Practical Treatise on Mechanical Dentistry. Third
Edition, much Enlarged. With 185 Llustrations. Octavo.

Price, in cloth, 4.00; in leather, 4.76

TAFT (JONATHAN), D.D.S.
A Practical Treatise on Operative Dentistry. Fourth
Edition, thoroughly Revised, with Additions. Over 100 Llustrations.
Octavo. Price, in cloth, 4.25; in leather, 5.00

WEDL (CARD), M.D.
Dental Pathology. With Special Reference to the Anatomy and
Physiology of the teeth, and notes by Tos. B. Hircucocx, icp,

Prof. of Bental Pathology, Harvard University. 105 Lilustrations.
Price, in cloth, 3,50; in leather, 4.50

HANDY (WASHINGTON R.), M.D.
Handy’s Text-Book of Anatomy and Guide to Dis-
sections. For the use of Students. 312 Illustrations. Octavo.

Price, cloth, 3.00
LEBER AND ROTTENSTEIN (Drs.)
Dental Caries and Its Causes. An Investigation into the
Influence of Fungi in the destruction of the Teeth. With Illustra-
tions. Price, cloth, 1.25
SEWILL (H. E.), M.R.C.8., Eng., L.D.8.
The Student’s Guide to Dental Anatomy and Sur-
gery. With 77 Illustrations. Price, paper, 75 cts, ; cloth, 1.25
SANSOM (ARTHUR ERNEST), M.B.
Chloroform. Its Action and Administration. Price, cloth, 1.50
TURNBULL (LAURENCE), M.D.
The Advantages and Accidents of Artificial Anses-
thesia. A Manual of Anesthetic Agents, Modes of Administration,
ete. Second Edition, Enlarged. 25 Llustrations. Price, cloth, 1.50

A

DICTIONARY

OF

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY,

DENTAL SURGERY,

COLLATERAL SCIENCES.

BY
CHAPIN A. HARRIS, M.D., D.D.S.,

PROFESSOR OF THE PRINCIPLES OF DENTAL SURGERY IN THE BALTIMORE COLLEGE; MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN
MEDICAL ASSOCIATION; MEMBER OF THE MEDICO=CHIRURGICAL FACULTY OF MARYLAND ;
AUTHOR OF PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF DENTAL SURGERY, ETC.

FOURTH EDITION,

CAREFULLY REVISED AND ENLARGED.

BY
FERDINAND J. 8S. GORGAS, M.D., D.D.S.,

PROFESSOR OF DENTAL SURGERY IN THE BALTIMORE COLLEGE
OF DENTAL SURGERY.

PHILADELPHIA:
P. BLAKISYON, SON & CO.,
No. 1012 Waunut STREET.
1882.

Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1877, by
LINDSAY & BLAKISTON,

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, °

CAXTON PRESS OF SHERMAN & CO., PHILADELPHIA.

TO

ELEAZAR PARMLY, M.D. D.DS,,

LATE PROVOST OF THE BALYIMORE COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY,

AS A TOKEN OF ESTBEM FOR GREAT PROFESSIONAL AND PRIVATE WORTH
ard

AS A TRIBUTE OF AFFECTIONATE REGARD,
THIS WORK

Is Pespectintty Hedicated,

BY HIS FRIEND,

THE AUTHOR.

vii

85022

PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION.

[J\EN years having elapsed since the publication of the third

edition of this work, which has for so long a period enjoyed
the confidence and favor of the dental profession, the object
of the reviser in his labor upon the present edition has been
to bring it thoroughly up to the present requirements of the
profession.

To accomplish this object, the medical portion has been as
carefully revised and added to as that devoted more especially
to dental science; and the hope is cherished that this edition
will be found to answer all the requirements pertaining to the
collateral branch. While a number of obsolete terms and
methods have been omitted in the preparation of the present
edition, to nearly every one of the seven hundred and forty-
three pages of the former edition, corrections, additions, &c.,
have been made, and many new processes, terms, and appli-
ances described, some of which are not to be found in any other
work now published. All new articles of the Materia Medica
employed in the practice of dentistry have been described, and
the dental uses added to others before referred to in the work.

All works relating to such subjects as are essential: to a
treatise of this kind, have been freely consulted in the prepa-
ration of the present edition, and justice done to all in the
description of new appliances, methods, &c.

The reviser is also indebted to Professor James B. Hodgkin
for several valuable suggestions relating to Dental Mechanism.

F. J. S. Goreas.

Baxrmore, November, 1877.
ix

PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.

N the preface to the second edition of this work sufficient
has been said, by its lamented author, of its objects, and the
sources from which the materials composing it were obtained.

Since the death of Prof. Chapin A. Harris no new edition of
the Dictionary has been published, although the want of one
has long been felt, not alone by the dental practitioner, but by
the dental student. To supply this want has been the chief
object of the editor, and, in fulfilling it, he has endeavored to
make such corrections and additions as the rapid progress of
Dental and the Collateral Sciences demanded. These additions

‘and corrections are, necessarily, in a work of this kind, scattered
through its text, and, as it involves many details, it is probable
some errors may be found, for which it is to be hoped the diffi-
culties attending its progress will form some apology.

One great difficulty has been to prevent the work from ex-
ceeding the limits of one volume, and for this reason many
articles have necessarily been condensed.

Between two and three thousand new words have been added
to the present edition, and additions and corrections made to
the definitions of many others. The doses of the more promi-
nent medicinal agents have been added, and it is hoped that
the work will be found worthy of its title.

Many of the old formule, which have not been sanctioned by
an enlarged experience, have been omitted, principally those of

xi

xii PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.

powders, pastes, and washes for the teeth and gums, while
others have been retained for their intrinsic merits.

As the description of the treatment of many of the diseases
of the dental organs, and the manner of performing certain
operations, is the same in the former editions as in the author's
Principles and Practice of Dental Surgery, such have been
omitted, and reference made to the work in which they are
contained.

The intention of the editor has been to do justice to all, and
he wishes to express the obligations he is under for a number
of articles describing recent inventions, the manner of pre
paring certain materials, &.

All the best works accessible to him, and relating to such
subjects as are essential to a work of this kind, have been con-
sulted, and free use made of them. His acknowledgments are
due to Dunglison’s and Hoblyn’s Medical Dictionaries, Thomas’
and Cleaveland’s Pronouncing Medical Dictionaries, Wood and
Bache’s U. S. Dispensatory, Mayne’s Expository Lexicon, and
Ure’s Dictionary of the Arts. ,

F.J.S. Goreas.
Battruorg, 1867.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

HE steady and constantly increasing demand for this work

having long since exhausted the first edition, the author is
encouraged to believe that he was not altogether mistaken in
his opinion that a Dictionary containing satisfactory definitions
of the words and technicalities belonging to Dental Surgery, as
well as to the other branches of Medicine and to the Collateral
Sciences, was needed. But in the preparation of the first edition
he omitted many of the terms belonging to the last-mentioned
departments of science, fearing they might be regarded as out
of place in a lexicon designed principally for the student and
practitioner of Dentistry. Subsequent reflection has convinced
him that a more extended view of the subject was necessary,
since the scope of professional education for the Dentist has
become so widened that general Medicine and Collateral Science
are now, to a considerable extent, embraced in the curriculum
of Dental study. He has, therefore, introduced into the present
edition, not only the words and phrases purposely omitted in
the first, but also those that have subsequently been added
to the literature of the above-mentioned department of science,
thus making it a complete Dictionary of Medicine as well as of
Dental Surgery.

The present edition contains about eight thousand more
words than the first. The introduction of these without very
greatly increasing its size, which the author was anxious to
avoid, rendered it necessary to rewrite and compress the heavier
and more elaborate articles into much narrower limits than

xiii

xiv PREFACE TO THE 8ECOND EDITION.

were originally assigned to them, and to strike out the Biblio-
graphical and the Biographical departments altogether. The
last was done the more willingly, as a work embracing these
subjects, by a very able pen, has already been announced as in
preparation. The character of the book in this respect being
changed, a corresponding alteration of title became necessary.
All the: words, technicalities, and other subjects belonging to
Dental Surgery proper, have been retained, and all new terms,
descriptions of subsequent discoveries, and improvements in the
art and science, have been carefully added. Numerous syno-
nyms have also been introduced, and it is believed that no
important word, in any of the specialties of Medicine, which
has at all passed into general use, has been refused a place
and a minute and careful definition in the present edition of
the work.

The author has, of course, as stated in the preface to the first
edition, made free use of the various Dictionaries of Medicine,
Science, and Art; among which he would particularly mention,
Hooper’s, Cooper’s, Dunglison’s, Gardener’s, Palmer's, Hoblyn’s,
Motherby’s, the first three hundred pages of Mayne’s Exposi-
tory Lexicon, now in progress of publication; the French Dic-
tionary of Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacy, Physics, Chemistry,
and Natural History; Brande’s Encyclopedia; Ure’s Dictionary
of the Arts, and Ogilvie’s Imperial Dictionary. It was his
intention to give due credit to each author for all original
matter taken from his pages, but this was soon found to be
impracticable, inasmuch as a very superficial comparison of the
several works of the kind, in our own and other languages.
served to show that definitions had been considered common
property, and transferred from one work to another without
acknowledgment, until the paternity was beyond satisfactory
ascertainment. He has, therefore, availed himself of the
common privilege which seems to have been claimed by all
lexicographers who have preceded him. For the definitions

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. xv

of the terms belonging to general Medicine and the Collateral
Sciences, he claims no special originality; although, where
alterations seemed necessary, he has not hesitated to make
them, and in all instances he has endeavored to be as concise
as possible, and in most cases to give the definition of each
word in immediate connection with it, without referring first
to one, and then to another and another synonym for it, as is
frequently done by most lexicographers. In these departments
of the work he has confined himself, for the most part, to mere
definitions, but on all subjects connected with Dental Surgery
proper, as well as with the anatomical structures, diseases,
treatment, and operations on the mouth and adjacent parts,
this Dictionary will be found very full. It also contains many
words belonging to the literature of general Medicine not found
in other Dictionaries.

Besides the works already referred to, the author has availed
himself of the best standard authorities in all the departments
of Science and Art, the terms, phrases, and technicalities of
which this volume professes to contain. In short, he has
spared neither pains nor labor to make the work desirable and
useful. To what extent his efforts will prove successful, re-
mains for others to determine.

While the book was passing through the press, the author
received many useful suggestions and much valuable aid from
Professors A. S. Piggot and W. R. Handy, to whom he begs to
express, in this public manner, his most grateful acknowledg-
ments.

Cuarin A. Harris,
Baxrmcorg, October 9th, 1854.

DICTIONARY

or

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

AND

DENTAL SURGERY.

A

A. In some words of Greek deriva-
tion this letter is employed as a prefix, in
a privative sense, denoting the absence or
privation of anything; as, acephalous,
headless; aphonia, voicelessness; aphyl-
lous, leafless.

A. or AA. ie an abbreviation of the
Greek ava, ana, of each, and is used in
medical prescriptions to denote that an
equal quantity of two or more ingredients
is to be taken. See ABBREVIATION.

AAA, In Chemistry, a contraction of
Amalgama, an amalgam.

Abaliena‘tion. From ab, from,
and alie’no, aliena’tum, to estrange. The
loss or failing of the senses, or of the men-
tal facalties. .

Abaptis’ton. <Abaptis’ta, from a,
priv., and Bazrifu, to plunge. The old
trepan, which was shaped like a truncated
cone, to prevent it from suddenly plung-
ing into the brain.

Abarticula‘tion. From ad, and
articulus, a joint. That species of articu-
lation which admits of manifest motion.
See Diarrnrosis and Synartnxosis.

Abbreviation. Adbreria’tio ; from
brevis, short. In Medical Prescriptions,
letters, parts of words, or certain symbols,
by which the thing meant is designated.
Thus,

A. or KA. Ana, of each ingredient.

Abdom, Abdomen, the belly.

2

ABB

Abs. febr. Absente febre, in the absence
of fever.

Ad, or Add. Adde, addatur, add, let
there be added.

Ad delig. Ad deliquium, to fainting.

Ad gr. Acid, Ad gratam aciditatem, to
an agreeable sourness.

Ad lib. Ad libitum, at pleasure.

Admov. Admoveatur, let it be applied.
Adst. febre. Adstante febre, when the
fever is on.

Aggred. febre. Aggrediente fobre, while
the fever is coming on.

Altern. hor. Alternis horis, every other
hoar.

Alo, adat. Alvo adstrictf, when the
bowels are confined.

Amp. Amplus, large.

Ag. Aqua, water.

Aq. bull, Aqua bulliens, boiling water.

Aq. comm, Aqua communis, common
water.

Aq. dist, Aqua distillata, distilled water.

Aq. fero. Aqua fervens, hut water.

Ag. font. Aqua fontana, spring water,
Ag. marin, Aqua marina, sea water.
Aq. plur, Aqua pluvialis, rain water.
Aq. pur. Aqua pura, pure water.

B. A. Balneum arene, a sand bath.
Bain. maria, Balneum ipariw, a salt-
water bath.
Bain, tep. Balneum tepidum, a warm
bath.
Ww

ABB

Baln. cap. Balnenm vaporis, a vapor
bath.

Bals. Balsamum, balsam.

Bid. Bibe, drink.

Bis ind. Bis indies, twice a day.

Bol. Bolus, a bolus.

Bull. Bulliat, let it boil.

Carul. Ceruleus, bine.

Cap. Capiat, let him take.

C.C. Cornu cervi, hartshorn.

©. ©. U. Cornu cervi ustum, burnt
hartshorn.

C. M. Oras mand, to-morrow morn-
ing.

©. N. Cras nocte, to-morrow night.

C. V. Cras vespere, to-morrow even-
ing.

Cochl. Cochleare, a spoon, a spoonful.

Cochl. inf. Cochleare infantis, a child’s
spoon.

Cochl. magn. Cochleare magnum, 8

tablespoon.

Cochl. mod. Cochleare modicum, a des-
sert-spoon.

Cochl. parc. Cochleare parvum, a tea-
spoon.

Col. Colatus, strained.

Comp. Compositus, compound.

Conf. COonfectio, a confection.

Cong. Congius, a gallon.

Cons. Conserva, conserve.

Cont. Continuetur, let it be continued.

Cop. Copiosus, abundant.

Cog. Coque, boil.

Cort. Cortex, bark.

Crast. Crastinus, for to-morrow.

Cuj. Cujus, of which,

Cujual, Cujuslibet, of any.

Cyath. Cyathus, a glassful.

Cyatho thea. A teacupfal.

D. Dosis, a dose:

Deb, spiss. Debita spissitudo, a proper
consistence.

Dee. Decanta, decanted or poured off.

Decub. Deenbitus, lying down, going
tu bed. Attitude of one lying down.

Ded.ind. De die in diem, from day

to day.

Dej. alvi. Dejectiones aivi, alvine evac-
uations.

Dep. Depuratus, purified.

Dest. Destilla, distill.

Det. Detuy, let ‘it be given.

Dect. lat. Dextrum latalis, right side.
Died. alt. TDiebus alternis, every other
day.

18

ABB

Died. tert. Diebus tertiie, every third
day.

Dig. Digeratur, let it be digested.

Dil. Dilutus, diluted.

Dim. Dimidium, one half.

Dist. Distillata, distilled.

Diuturn. Diutarnus, long continued.

Dio. Divide, divide.

Dones. alo, sol. fuer. Donec alvus so-
lute fuerit, until the bowels are opened.

Drach. Drachma, a drachm.

Ed. Edulcora, sweeten; Edulcorate

Ejusd. Ejusdem, of the same.

Elect. Electuarium, electuary.

Emp. Emplastrum, a plaster.

Enem. Enema, a clyster.

Exhib. Exhibiatur, let it be given.

Ext. super. alut. Extende super alu-
tam, spread upon leather.

F. or ft. Fiat, let it be made.

F. Pil. Fiat pilula, make it into a
pill.

F. V.8. Fiat venmsectio, bleed.

Feb. dur. Febre durante, during the
fever.

Filt. Filtra, filter.

Fl. Fluidug, liqnid.

Flor, Flores, flowers.

Fol. Foliam, a leaf.

Fot. Fotus, a fomentation.

Fract, Dos. Fracta dosi, in a divided
or broken dose.

Frust. Frustillatim, in emall pieces.

Gr. Granum, a grain.

Gt. Gutta, a drop. Gtt. guttm, drops.

Gum. Gummi, gum.

H. D. Hora decubitus, at bed time.

H.S. HorA somni, on retiring to rest.

Hor. interm. Horis intermediis, at in
termediate hours.

Ind. Indies, daily.

4nf. Infusum, infusion.

Inject. Injectio, an injection.
Inj. enem. Injiciatur enema, let a clys-
ter be given.

Jn, Pulm. In pulmento. in gruel.

Jul. Julepus, a julep.
Lat. dol. Lateri dolenti, to the pained
side.

Ib. Libra. a pound weight.
Lim, Limones, lemons.
Lig. Liquor, liquor.

Lot. Lotio, lotion.

M. Misce, mix.

Mae. Macera, macerate.
Man. Manipulus, a handful.

ABB

Min, Minimum, minim, the 60th part
of a drachm, by measure.

Mist. Mistora, a mixture.

Mitt. Sang. Mittatur sangnis, let blood
be drawn.

Mod. pres. Modo prwscripto, in the
manner directed.

Mor. sol. More solito, in the usual way.

Mue. Macilago, mucilage.

N. Noote, at night.

No. Numero, in number.

N.M. Nux moschats,.s nutmeg.

O. Octarius, a pint.

Ol. Oleum, oil.

Ol Lini. Oleum Lini, Linseed oil.

Omn. alt. hor. Omnibus alternis horis,
every other hour.

Oma. bid. Omni biduo, every two days.

Omn, bik. Omni bihorio, every two
hours, ;

Omn. hor. Omni hord, every hour.

Omn, man. Omni mane, every morning.

Omn. noct. Omni noote, every night.

Omn. quadr. Hor. Omni quadrante
hora, every quarter of an hour.

0. 0. 0. Oleum olive optimum, best
olive oil.

Ov. Ovum, an egg.

Oz. Oxymel, s syrup of honey and
vinegar.

Oz. Uncia, an onnce.

P. H. Partes squales, equal parts.

Part, vic. Partitis vicibus, in divided
doses,

Pit. Pilala, a pill.

P. rat. et, Proratione statis, accord-
ing to the age of the patient.

P.r.n. Pro re nata, as circumstances
may require.

Proz. luce. Proximaluce, thd day before.

Pulo. Pulvis, powder.

Q. P. Quantum placeat, as much as
you please.

Q. 8. Quantum sofficit, as much as is
snfficient.

Q. V. Quantum volneris, as much as
you wish.

Quor. Quorum, of which.

R. Recipe, take.

Rad. Radix, root.

Ras. Rasure, shavings.

Reet. Reotificatus, rectified.

Red. in. pulo. Redactus in pulverem,
powdered.

Reg. hep. Regio hepatis, in the region
of the liver.

19

ABB

Reg. umb. Regio umbilici, the umbili-
cal region.

Repet. Repetatur, let it be repeated.

8. A. Secundum artem, according to
art.
Sacch. Saccharum, sugar.

Sem. Semen, seed.

Semi-dr. Semi-drachma, half a drachra.

Semi-h. Semi-hora, half an hour.

Seq. luce, Sequenti luce, the following
day. .

Sere. Serva, keep; preserve.

Sesquih. Sesquihora, an hour and a
half.

Sesune. Sesuncia, an ounce and a half.

Si op. sit. Si opus sit, if there be oc-
casion.

S vir. perm. Si vires permittant, if
the strength will permit.

Signat. Signatura, a label ; also, signe-
tur, let it be labelled.

Sing. Singulorum, of each.

Sol. Solutio, solution.

Sole. Solve, dissolve.

8.0.8. Si opns sit, if there be occa-
sion.

Sp. Spiritus, spirit.

Sq. Squama, scale.

&s. Semi, one-half.

St. Stet, let it stand.

Subtep. Subtepidus, lukewarm.

Succ, Suceus, juice.

Sum. Sumat, let him take.

8. V. Spiritus vini, spirit of wine.

8. V.R. Spiritus vini rectificatus, rec-
tified spirits of wine.

Syr. Syrupns, syrap.

T. 0. Tineturs opti, tincture of opium.

T. O. O. Tinctura opii camphorata,
Paregoric elixir.

Tr. or tinet. Tinctnra, tincture.

Trit. Tritara, triturate.

Troch. Trochiscus, a troche or lozenge.

Umb. Umbilicus, the navel.

Ung. Unguentum, ointment.

Ueg. ut lig. anti Usque ut liquerit
animus, until fainting is produced.

Utend. Utendus, to be used.

Vent. Ventriculus, the stomach.

V. 0.8. Vitello ovi solutus, dissolved
in the yolk of an egg.

V.8. Venesectio, bleeding.

Zz. Zingiber, ginger.

4. Minimum, A minim.

Gr. Grana, A grain.

3. Scrupnium, A scruple.

ABC

3. Drachma, A drachm, troy.

3. Uncia, An ounce, troy.

J. 3. Fiuiduncia, A fluidounce.

fb. Libra, A pound.

as. Semissis, half; iss., sesqui, one and
ahalf.

Jj, one; 4, two; ti, three; 4, four, &c.
Soe Prescription.

Abces. See Ansczss,

Abdo’men. From abdere, to hide,
because it conceals the viscera. ‘The larg-
est cavity'in the body, bounded superiorly,
by the diaphragm ; inferiorly, by the pel-
vis; laterally and anteriorly, by an ex-
pansion of muscles; and posteriorly, by
the lumbar vertebra.

Abdominal. Pertaining to the ab-
domen, as the abdominal muscles, abdom-
inal viscera, &.

Abdominal Aor’ta. That portion
of the aorta below the diaphragm.

Abdominal Aponeuro’sis. The
conjoined tendons of the oblique and
transverse muscles on the front of the
abdomen.

Abdominal Gang/lia. The Semi-
Tunar ganglia.

_ Abdominal Pregnanoy. Pregnancy
when the fotus is above the uterus in the
ovaduct.

Abdominal Regions. The abdo-
men is divided into three zones: 1. The
epigastric, or upper; 2. The umbilical, or
middle; 8. The hypogastric, or lower re-
gion. Each of these is subdivided into
three compartments or regions, a middle
and two lateral. The middle or the up-
per, situated over the small end of the
stomach, is the epigastric proper; and the
two lateral, under the cartilages of the
ribs, are the hypochondriac regions. The
middle region is divided into the central
or umbilical, and two lateral or lumbar
regions. The lower region is divided into
the central or hypogastric proper, and on
each side there is an iliac or inguinal re-
gion.

To the above, anatomists have added a
tenth region, called the regio pubica, and
situated on the front surface of the pubic
bone.

Abdominal Ring. The opening on
each side of the abdomen, external and
superior to the pubes, through which, in
males, passes the spermatic cord. It is
also called the Inguinal Ring.

20

ABE

Abdom/‘inalis. From ‘abdonien,
pertaining to the abdomen; ventral.

Abdominosco’py. 4bdominosco-
pia; from abdomen, and oxorew, I view.
Examination of the abdomen for the de-
tection of disease.

Abdu’cent. Drawing apart or from.
The sixth pair of nerves are called the
nervi abducentes, See Appuctor.

Abdue‘tion. Abductio; from abdu-
cere, to separate. The action by which 9
limb or part is separated from the axis of
the body. In Surgery, a fracture near
the articular extremity of a bone in which
the fragments recede frum each other.
Coelius Aurelianus uses this word to ex-
press a strain.

Abduc’tor. From abducere, to sepa-
rate. In Anatomy, a muscle which sepa-
rates the ‘part or member to which it is
attached from some other part. Its an-
tagonist is called adductor.

Abductor Auricularis. A portion
of the posterior auris,

Abductor Indicis Manus. An in-
terosseous muscle of the fore-finger.

Abductor Indicis Pedis, A muscle
of the fore-toe.

Abductor Labiorum. The elevators
of the angles of the mouth.

Abductor Medii Digiti Pedis. A
muscle of’ the middle toe.

Abductor Minimi Digiti Manus.
A muscle of the little finger.

Abductor Minimi Digiti Pedis, A
muscle of the little toe.

Abduotor Oculi. The muscle that
draws the eyeball from the nose.

Abductor Pollicis Manus. A mus-
cle of the thumb.

Abductor Pollicis Pedis. A muscle
of the great toe.

Abductor Tertii Digiti Pedis. A
muscle of the foot.

Aberra‘tion. Aberratio; from ab
errare, to stray; to wander from. Devi-
ated from that which is natural; irregu-
larity; deviation from the healthy con-
dition in the appearance, structure, or
functions of one or more organs ; the pas-
sage of a fluid of the living body into an
order of vessels not destined for it; the
flow of a fluid towards an organ different
from that to which it is ordinarily directed,
as in vicarious hemorrhage; mental alien-
ation. In Optics, a deviation of the rays

AGR

disease by the old writers, it means vio-
lent, unmanageable.

Ag’ria. Holly.
pustule.

Ag’rimonia Eupatoria. The
common agrimony ; a plant of the natural
order Rosacee.

Agrimony Hemp.
cannabinum.

Agriothym/‘ia. From cypir, wild,
and Svyoc, disposition. Furious insan-
ity.

Agripal’ma. Motherwort, or wild
palm. Leonurus cardiaca.

Agrip’pa. From aypa, a capture,
and mov, a foot; or perhaps from agre
partus, born with difficulty.

Agryp’nia. From g, priv., and vrvoc,
sleep. Sleeplessness; watchfulness.

Agrypnoco’ma, From aypytua,
sleeplessness, and xwpya, drowsiness. Leth-
argic watchfulness.

A’gue. Trembling; shuddering; in-
termittent fever.

Ague and Fever. Intermittent fever.

Ague, Brass-Founders’. A series
of morbid phenomena, resembling ague,
in those who are exposed to the fumes of
inc in brass foundries.

Ague, Brow. Neuralgia frontalis.

Ague-Oake. A hard tumor ‘on the
left side below the false ribs, caused by
a visceral obstruction, generally of the
spleen, which may be felt externally. It
is the effect of intermittent fever.

Ague, Dead, Agus, Dumb, An ir-
regular or masked intermittent.

Ague-Drops. A solution of arseniate
of potassa in water. Fowler's solution.

Ague-Tree. Laurus sassafras.

Ague-Weed. Eupatorium perfolia-
tom.

Agu’ios. From a, priv., and yuov,
limb. Mutilated or wanting limbs, weak,
feeble.

Agyr’ias. Ayypic,acollection. Opac-
ity of the crystalline.

Aigre. From acer, sharp. Acidulous.

Also, a malignant

Eupatorium

Aiguille. From dim. of acus. A
needle.

Ail. Disease.

Ailment, See Au. Disease.

Air. Av. Aér; from av, I breathe.

Atmospheric air; an elastic, invisible
fluid, surrounding the eurth to the height,
it is said, of fifteen or sixteen leagves.

36

ALA

Air-cells of the Lungs. Bronchial
cells.

Air, Fixed. Carbonic acid; mephitio
air.

Air, Inflammable. Hydrogen.

Air Injector, Hickman’s. An ap-
Pliance designed for use with the Dental
engine. A rubber bulb or bellows is com-
pressed automatically by a simple mech-
anism, which is connected with and driven
by the engine pulley. The air is forced
from the bulb through the connecting
rubber tube to a fixed nozzle at the hand-
piece, whence it is thrown into the cavity
of the tooth. The air thus driven out of
the bulb leaves a vacuum, which is in-
stantly filled again with air, so that a con-
tinuous stream is kept up. This appliance
is intended to keep the cavity clear of
bur-dust and cuttings, and also to keep
the bur cool while in use.

Air-Passages. The larynx, trachea,
bronchia, &o.

Air-Pump. A machine by which air
in a vessel may be withdrawn.

Air, Vital. Oxygen.

Aisthete’rion. Zstheterium. The
sensorium commune.

Altech. Pain.

Aithomo’ma., A:3o;, black. A black
condition of all the humors of the eye.

Aitia, Aira. Cause.

Al. The Arabic definite article.

Ala, Pinna; pteryz. A wing, Parts
projecting like a wing from the median
line are designated by anatomists by this
name, as the ale nasi, kc. In Botany, the
lateral petal of a papilionaceous corolla.

Ala Auris. The wing of the ear.
This is the upper part of the external ear.

Ala Nasi. The cartilage which forms
the outer part of the nostril.

Alabas’ter. A variety of compact
gypsum; it has a white or grayish color.
It was at one time much used in denti-
frices, but at present it is seldom employed
for this purpose, When used upon the
teeth, no matter how finely pulverized, it
gets between the free edges of the gum
and necks of these organs, where its me-
chanical action is often productive of
mueh injury. There are two kinds of ala-
baster: 1. Gypseous alabaster, a natural
semi-crystalline sulphate of lime, forming
a compact gypsum of various colors, em-
ployed in making statuary, vases, &c. 2

ALL

of the order Asphodelew. Allium is stimu-
lant, diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue,
diaphoretic, and anthelmintic. Externally
it is rubefacient and repellant. Dose, 38s
to 3j.
Allium Ascalonicum. The shallot,
a bulbous plant resembling the garlic.
Allium Cepa. The common onion.
Allium Porrum. The leek or porret.
Allium Sativum. Garlic.

Allium Scheenoprasum. The chive.‘

Alleo’sis. Alloiosis ; from adAoou,
to change. Alteration in the character
of a disease, or in the constitution.

Alleot’ica, From aAjoc, another.
Alterative medicines,

Allogno’sis. From aAAog, another,
and ycvucxw, to know. Perversion of mind ;
incapability of distinguishing persons.

Allopath’ie, Allopathicus. Per-
taining to allopathy.

Allo’pathist. One who practises
or advocates allopathy.

Allop’athy. Allopathia ; from a-
oc, another, and za¥or, disease. An em-
pirical designation applied to the practice
of medicine, in cuntradistinction to homa-
opathy, or that system of medical practice
which proposes the cure of disease by es-
tablishing in the system a condition oppo-
site to, or different from, the disease to be
cured.

AVlophane. The name of a min-
eral, of a blue, and sometimes of a green
or brown color.

Allotriodon’tia, From a2Jorpis,
foreign, and odou, a tooth. The trans-
plantation of teeth. See TRanspLantine
Teern.

Allotriophagia. From ad2orpios,
strange, and gaye, I devour. A desire, or
morbid longing to eat inedible substances,
as chalk, leather, coal, &c.; depraved ap-
petite.

Allo’tropism, Allotropy. The prop-
erty witnessed in elementary bodies, as
carbon, sulphur, &c., of existing in ditfer-
ent moditications.

Allox’an, Erythric acid; purpuric
acid. Its formula is C,H It is
formed by the action of nitric upon uric
acid.

Alloxanie Acid. An acid discov-
ered by Wohler and Liebig, in decom-
posing alloxan with alkalies. Its formula
ia O11,N,O,+ 2 HO.

40

ALO

Alloxan’tin. A crystalline sub-
stance formed by the deoxidation of al-
loxan. Formula, CsHsN.Ovw-

Alloy. A compound of two or more
metals by fusion, the least valuable being
called the alloy. See Gotp Pirate; a.v,
Gotp Sotpzr,

Allspice. Jamaica pepper. SeeMrr-
Tos Piwenta.

Allyl. Oil of gurlic, obtained by dis-
tillation of garlic with water, and purified
by redistillation. Formula, O.H,.

Almond. The nut of the Amyg-
dalus communis, Amygdala.

Almonds. A term applied in pop
ular language to the exterior glands of
the neck and to the tonsils, as the al-
monds of the ear, &0.; the almonds of the
throat.

Almonds, Bitter, Oil of. Volatile
oil of almonds. A golden-yellow oil,
obtained by distilling with water, or with
water and salt, the cake of bitter almonds
from which the fixed oil has been express-
ed. It is a deadly poison.

Almonds, Oil of. Fixed oil of al-
monds, A bland fixed oil, usually ob-
tained from either sweet or bitter almonds,
but chiefly the former, by compression.
It has a mild, oily taste. See Oil of Al-
monis,

Alnus. A genus of plants. The al-
ders. See Betoia ALNus.
Alnus Glutinosa.

ropean alder,

Alnus Serrulata. Common Ameri-
can swamp alder. The Sambucus Cana-
denais is also called alder.

Aloe. A genus of plants of the order
Asphodelew,

Al’oes, The inspissated juice of the
several species of aloe. The three prin-
cipal commercial varieties are, Cape, So-
cotrine, and the Hepatic or Barbadoes,
Cathartic, emmenagogue, anthelmintic,
and stomachic. Alocs acts chiefly on
the large intestines, and produces cathar-
sis by increasing the peristaltic or mus-
cular action, and not by increasing the
secretions, Dose, to act as a cathartic,
gr. ij to gr. x; as an emmenagogue, gr. j
to ij.

Aloes, Cape. The aloes obtained
from the Aloé apicata and other species,
which grow in great abundance in South-
ern Africa, near the Cape of Good Hope.

Common Eu-

ANE

Anesthe’tic Agents. The agents
employed to prevent pain during surgical
operations and parturition. The inhala-
tion of the vapor of ether, chloroform, or
of nitrous oxide gas will have this effect.
The practicability of producing it by the
inhalation of a gaseous substance origi-
nated with Dr. H. Wells, a dentist of Hart-
ford, Ct., but the credit of fully demon-
strating that the inhalation of the vapor
of sulphuric ether would do it, has been
very generally awarded to Dr. W. T. G.
Morton, a dentist of Boston, though the
idea of employing this particular agent in
this way, is said to have been suggested
to him by Dr. QO. T. Jackson, an eminent
chemist of that city. More recently, Pro-
feasor Simpson, of Edinburgh, discovered
that the vapor of chloroform would pro-
duce the same effect, and more promptly
than that of ether. A recently published
article by Dr. J. Marion Sims, presents a
strong array of evidence to prove the
claims of Dr. Crawford W. Long, of
Georgia, as the discoverer of the anws-
thetic properties of ether. A mixture of
chloroform and ether, known as chloric
ether, is also used to produce anmsthesia.
Its advocates claim for it the prompt ac-
tion of chloroform, and the safety of ether.
Another mixture for inhalation, known as
strong chloric ether, or as alcoholic solu-
tion of chloroform, has been recommended
by Dr. Warren. Other agents have also
been used, such as chlorohydric and nitric
ethers, bisulphuret of carbon, chloride of
olefiant gas, amylene, benzine, aldehyde,
light coal-tar naphtha, &c. See Nitrocs
Oxivg Gas.

Much judgment and care are required in
the employment of these agents, as loss
of life has resulted from their use in a
number of instances. In general surgery,
and during parturition, they may be often
used, no doubt with great advantage, but
they should seldom be resorted to in so
simple an operation as the extraction of a
tooth. See Resvsciration.

A variety of instruments have been in-
vented from which to inhale the vapor of
these agents, but the usual method of ad-
ministration consists in pouring three or
four teaspoonfuls of ether, or from fifty
to a hundred and twenty drops of chloro-
form, into the interior of a hollow sponge,
or on a pocket handkerchief or napkin,

4

49

ANE

and holding it to the mouth and nose. In
this way the vapor may be freely inhaled,
and the desired effect will generally be
produced in from seven to ten minutes
with the former, and in from thirty sec-
onds to two minutes with the latter.
Rapid and deep respiration of the ordi-
nary air is claimed by Dr. W. A. Bone-
vill as a partial anesthetic.

Anesthetios, Local. The fatality at-
tending the inhalation of the vapors of
anesthetic agents, led to the introduction
of what are known as local anesthetics.
Among the earliest of these is the method
of prodncing insensibility of a part by ap-
plying a mixture composed of two parts
of ice and one of salt. An instrument for
applying this mixture to the tooth to be
extracted, and the gum surrounding it, is
known as Branch'’s Apparatus. See
Branon’s Apparatus. The danger from
this mixture is in reducing the tempera-
ture of the parts so low, that reaction will
not follow, the result of which is loss of
vitality and sloughing.

Another apparatus, known as Richard-
son's Spray Apparatus, invented by Dr.
Benj. W. Richardson, of London. acts upon
the principle of directing on a part of the
body, such as a tooth and the surrounding
gum, a volatile liquid, absolute ether,
having a boiling-point at or below blood-
heat, in a state of fine subdivision or
spray, such a subdivision being produced
by the action of air, or other gaseous sub-
stance on the volatile liquid to be dis-
persed. Dr. Richardson prefers absolute
ether, for use in this way, to any other
fluid. Some prefer rhigolene to produce
the freezing, as being more sure, more
convenient, and more easily controlled.
See Ricitarpsoy’s Spray Apparatus. See
Rincorene.

Another method of producing local an-
aesthesia is by the application of the elec-
tro-galvanic current. One pole of the
battery, either the positive or nezative, is
attached to the handle of the forceps, and
the other to a cylinder of tin, which is
held by the patient. The handles of the
forceps are either wrapped with silk, or
coated with some non-conducting sub-
stance, as gum-shellac, to prevent the
shock from being communicated to the
operator. This method was brought to
the notice of the dental profession by Mr.

APO

Apopto’sis. From azommra, to fall
down. The falling down of any part from
relaxation; the relaxation of bandages.

Apo’ria, From a, priv., and ropoc, a
duct. Restlessness caused by the stop-
page of any of the natural secretions.

Apo’sia, Absence of thirst.

Aposi‘tia. From aro, from, and a-
toc, food. Loathing of food.

Apospas’ma, From arooras, to tear
off. A violent severance of a ligament or
tendon.

Aposphacceli’sis. _- Mortification,
usually resulting from bandaging wounds
and fractures too tightly.

Apo’staxis. Distillation.

Aposte’ma, From agiorqu, to de-
part from. An abscess.

Apothe’ea, From aror:ny, to place.
A place where medicines are kept.

Apoth’ecary. Apotheca’rius; from
ano, and riSnus, pono, to put: so called,
because his employment is to prepare and
keep tho various articles of medicines, and
to compound them for the physician's use.
In every country, except Great Britain,
one who sells drugs, and puts up prescrip-
tions. In addition to this, apothecaries in
England exercise, in certain cases, and
under certain restrictions, the duties of
the physician.

Apoth’ema, Azo and 6eua, a de-
posit. A brown powder deposited when
vegetable extract is submitted to pro-
longed evaporation.

Apot’on Amputation.
Appara’tus, From apparo, to pre-
pare. ion of instruments or

means for any business or operation what-
ever. In Anutomy, an assemblage of or-
gans which work for the accomplishment
of the same end, or a system of organs
formed of a similar texture or having
analogous functions, In General and
Dental Surgery, 4 collection of the vari-
ous instruments and appliances necessary
for an operation or dressing; also certain
methods of operating for stone. In Chem-
istry, the instruments required for chemi-
cal experiments and investigations,

Apparatus, Dental. See DenTar
APPARATUS,
Apparatus, Pneumatic. Instruments

by which aériform fluids may, in distilla-

tions, solutions, and other operations, be

caught, collected, and properly managed.
.

64

APY

Appa’reil. Apparatus.

Appendic’ula. A small appendage.

Appendiocula Cxci Vermiformis.
A vermicular process, about four inches
long, of the size of a goose-quill, which
hangs from the intestinum coxcum of the
human body.

Appendicula Cerebri. The pitui-
tary gland.

Appendic’ulse Epiploicse. The
adipose appendices of the colon and ree-
tum, which are filled with adipose matter.

Appen’dix. From appendere, to
hang to. An appendage; something add-
ed to a principal or greater thing, though
not necessary to it. In Anatomy, a part
attached to, or continuous with, an organ.
In Botany, the parts which project from
the organs of plants.

Appendix Aurioularis. A process
of the anterior and upper part of the
auricles of the heart.

Ap’petency. From appetere, to de-
sire. The disposition of organized beings
to imbibe and appropriate such substances
as serve to support and nourish them ; also,
ardent desire for an object. *

Ap’petite. From appetere, ad, and
petere, to desire, An internal desire,
which warns us of the necessity of exert-
ing our digestive or generative functions;
a relish for food; a desire for sensual
pleasures.

Ap’ple. The fruit of the Pyrus ma-
lus.

Apple, Acid of. Malic acid.

Apple, Adam's. See Porm Apam.
Apple of the Eye. The pupil.
Applica’tion. Applicatio; from

applicare, to apply.
ternal remedies, as opposed to mi
designed to be given internully.
Apposi’tion. Adding to, sitting to,
addition, accretion. In Dental Prosthesis,
it is sometimes employed synonymously
with coaptation.
Aptys’tos. From a, priv., and rrv,
I spit. Without expectoration.
Apyret‘ic, Apyret’icus; from a,
priv., and zvp, fire, Without fever, A
word applied to those days in which there
is no paroxysm of disease.
Apyrex’in. From a, priv., and mv
peste, fever. Absence of fever. Intermis-
sion between the febrile paroxysms.
Apyr’ous. From a, priv., and vp,

In Therapeutics, ex-
ines

MUS 449 MUS
MUSCLES OF THE HUMAN BODY,

ARRANGED IN TABULAR FORM, UNDER THE FOUR GREAT DIVISIONS INTO WHICH ANATO-
MISTS DIVIDE THE SKELETON, AFTER THE PLAN OF Prorgssor W. R. Hanpy, viz.:
Tae Heap anp Trunx, anp THE Superior AND INFERIon Extrewitizs.

Muscles of the Head.

These are classed in accordance with the part upon which they chiefly act, after the
arrangement of Mr. Harrison, viz.: Six classes are made, embracing thirty-six pairs,
and two single.

NAME, onions, INSERTION. use

Superior trans. ridge |Skin of eyebrow. _| To elevate the eyebrows and
of oc, bone and upper lids of the eyes,
mastoid process of
temporal.

SECOND CLASS.

Bleven Muscles, belonging to the
Bar, and arranged inlo three
Groups.

Finst Grovr.
Three Muscles.
Superior Auris, or Attollens
urem.. Cranial aponeurosis. | Anterior part of con-|'To raise the external ear.
cha,

Anterior Auris, or Attrahens
Aurem... svseenee | Z3 tie, processes | Anterior part of he- | To bring the ear forward.
x.

‘and cranial apon.
Posterior Auris, or Retrahens
‘Aurem... 5

Mastold proces. | Posterior part of con-| To draw the ear backward.

Sxcon Group.
Flos Muscles.
Tragicus, These five muscles receive their names from the parts to which they are
fees apse atiached., They are very feeble tn tan, bu Ib most quadrapedt are
n it well devel |, and capable of altering with ease ray it; e form
Reticla Minor, and direction of the auricle or external ear. pk

Transversalis Auris,
‘Tmirp Group.

. Hollow of the pyra- | Neck of the stapes. | A tensor of the membrana
mid.

tympani.
.| Eustach, tube, spin. | Handle of the mal-| A tensor of the membrana
pro. sphen.' bone, | leus. tympanl.

and petro, por. of

temporal bone.

Spinous process of | Processus gracilis. |To relax the membrana
‘sphenold bone. tympani,

‘THIRD CLASS,
Bleven Muscles, belonging to the
‘Bye and its appendages, ar-

ranged in two Groups.

Fist Group.
Fite Muscles.
Oceipito-Frontalis—Palpebral
ins. Same as in first class, | fame as in first class. ' Same as in first class,
Corrugat Inter, ang. process of | Middle of the eye-|To draw the eyebrows to-

os frontis. brow. ward each other.
Levator Palpebree Superioris..| Superior edge of optic | Superior tarsal carti- | To raise the upper eyelids.
ramen ;
Orblcularis Palpebrarum.......| Inter, ang, process of | Nasal process of supe- | To close the eyelids.
os frontis and ten-| rior maxillary and
do-oculi. tendo-oculi.
Os unguis Lachrymal duct. | To dilate lachrymal sac.

a Supr. margin of optic | Sclerotica near cor-| To raise the eye.
foramen. nea,
Rectus Inferior, or Depressor
cull.

Infer. margin of optic| Sclerotica near cor-| To depress the eye.
foramen. nea.

vIT

of the ripo fruit, acryma ; and of the un-
ripe fruit, verjuice. The grape when ripe
is a delicious and wholesome fruit.

Vi'tt Sal’tus. Chorea; which see.

Vit‘reous, Vit/reus ; from vitrum,
glass. Glassy; transparent; pertaining to,
resembling, or containing glass.

‘Vitreous Humor of the Hye. The
transparent body which fills the globe of
the eye back of the crystalline lens.

Vitrifica’tion. The act of con-
verting any substance, by heat, into a sub-
stance resembling glass, as enamel paste
on mineral teeth.

Vit’riol, Sulphate of iron.

Vitriol, Acid of. Sulphuric acid.

Vitriol, Blue. Sulphate of copper.

Vitriol, Green. Sulphate of iron.

Vitriol, Oil of. Sulphuric acid.

Vitriol, Roman. Sulphate of copper.

Vitriol, White. Sulphate of zino.

Vitriolic Acid, Sulphuric acid.

Vitri/olum, Sulphate pf iron.

Vitriolum Album. Sulphate of zinc.

Vitriolum Oceru’leum. Sulphate of
copper.

Vitriolum Vir’id6. Sulphate of iron.

Vit/‘rum,. Glass.

Vitrum Antimo/nii. Glass of anti-
mony.

Wit/tse. A term applied in Botany to
the small receptacles of umbelliferous seeds
which contain thin aromatic oil.

Vitta’tus, Spotted.

Viver’ra. A genus of digitigradous
quadrupeds.

Vivip’arous. From cious, alive,
and pario, I bring forth. A term applied
to animals which bring forth their young
alive.

Vivisec’tion. Vivisec’ tio; from
vious, alive, and secare, sectum, to cut.
The dissection or opening of living animals.

Vo’cal. Voca’lis. Pertaining to or
connected with the voice. Having a voice;
uttered or modulated by a voice.

Vocal Chords. The vocal ligaments;
the inferior thyro-arytenoid ligaments, ut-
tached in front to the receding angle of
the thyroid, and behind to the lower part
of the anterior angle of the arytenoid car-
tilage.

Vocal Tube. Tuba voca’lis, The air-
passages above the inferior ligaments of the
larynx, including the nasal foss» and buccal
cavity. :

739

VOL

Wotce. Vor. In Physiology, thesound
produced by vibration of the air, while
traversing the larynx, either in escaping
from, or entering, the trachea. The larynx
is the essential organ concerned in its pro-
duction,

Voice, Artio’ulated. Speech, or
voice modified by the action of the tongue,
lips, velum, teeth, and other parts of the
mouth.

Voice, Bleat/ing. Goat's voice.
Ecopuony.

Voice, Cav’ernous. Pectoriloquy;
which see.

Voice, Convul/sive. Voice consisting
in the production of discordant sounds, oc-
casioned by disordered contraction of the
muscles of the larynx.

Vola. The palm of the hand.

Volatile. Volat‘ilis. From volare,
to fly. Capable of passing into an aériform
state; applied to substances which have a
tendency to evaporate at ordinary temper-
atures, as ether, ammonia, &o.

Volatile Al’kali. Ammonia.

Volatile Salt. Subcarbonate of am-
monia.

Volatility. Disposition to exhale
or evaporate; a property of bodies by
which they are disposed to evaporate or
assume a state of vapor.

Volatiliza’tion, The conversion of
volatilizable substances into gas or vapor
by hent.

Volsel/Ia. Name of an instrument
used by the ancients for the extraction of
teeth; forceps; also, a kind of pincers for
the extraction of foreign bodies from
wounds, Applied, too, to tweezers for
pulling out hairs,

Volta’ic Pile. A galvanic apparatus,
consisting of a number of pairs of zine
and copper, or zinc and silver disks, sepa-
rated by pieces of moistened woollen cloth.

Vol’taism, Galvanism.

Voltam’eter., An instrument for
measuring the activity of a galvanic circle.

Vol/uble. Volubdi‘lis. Rolling; twi-
ning; rapidly speaking.

Volume. Dimension; space occu-
pied.

Voluntary. Pertaining to the will.
A term applied in Anatomy to muscles
which are put in action in obedience to
the will, and to motions resulting there-
from.

Bee

Wax

‘Wax Impressions. See Impression
or THE Mourn mm Wax.

Wax, Japan. Obtained from the Rhus
succedanea of Japan. It is of a medium
quality, between beeswax ‘and the common
vegetable tallows,

‘Wax-Knife. An instrument need in
Mechanical Dentistry for adding and mod-
elling wax.

‘Wax, Myr’tle. A wax of a pale gray-
ish-green color, obtained from the fruit of
Myrica cerifera.

‘Wax, Veg’etable. A ternary prod-
net of vegetation, occurring as an excre-
tion on the surface of leaves and fruits,
forming the bloom or glaucous surface
which repels water.

Wax, White. Cera alba. Bleached
yellow wax.

‘Wax, Yel/low. Cera flava. A prod-
uct of the common bee, the Apis melli-

Wax’en Ker’nels. Waz’ing ker-
nels, In popular language, an enlargement
of the ly:aphatic glands; in the groins par-
ticularly.

Weaksight’edness. Asthenopia.

Weal. Wheal; which see.

Wean’ing. The separation of the
infant permanently from the breast.

Wear’ing of the Teeth.
ABRASION oF THE TeeTH, MEOHANIVAL.

Web, Tela. <A term applied in Anat-
omy to certain structures, from their ap-
pearance, as cellular tissue, &c.

‘Web-Eye. Calligo; which see.

‘Web, Mucous. The cellular mem-
brane.

Wedge-Cutter. An instrument used
in dentistry to cut off the excessof wooden
wedges after they have been driven be-
tween teeth to separate them.

‘Wedge-Shaped. Cuneiform.

Wedged. A term applied in Obstet-
rics to the head of the foetus when it re-
mains fixed in the pelvis, notwithstanding
the aterine effort.

Weed, Dyer’s. Common name of

See

* Reseda luteola.

‘Weed, Silver. A plant of the genus
Potentilla,

Weight of Important Organs.
The average weight in adult, according to
Quain, is as follows:

Heart, male,

. 11 ounces.
“ "female, .

9 ounces,

743

WEI

Brain, male, . + 49} ounces,

“ fendle, . 44 ounces.
Spinal cord,. . . 1 to 1} ounces.
Liver, . 50 to 60 ounces.
Pancreas, 23 to 84 ounces.
Spleen, . . . . 5 to 7 ounces.
Lungs, male. . . . 45 ounces.

“~~ female, 82 ounces.
Thyroid cartilage,. . 1 to 2 ounces.
Kidney, . * 4% ounces.
Suprarenal capsules, . . 2drachms.
Testes, . to 1 ounce.

Unimpregnated uterus, 7 to 12 drachms,
Weights and Measures. The
division of weights and measures adopted
by apothecaries is different from the stand-
ards,
1, Apothecaries’ Weight.
1 pound, fb, contains 12 ounces.

lounce, 3, “ 8 drachma,
ldrachm,3, ‘“ 8 scruples.
lscruple, DB, ‘ 20 grains.
l grain, gr.

2. Troy Weight.

1 pound, fb, contains 12 ounces.
lounce, oz, “ 20 pennyweights.
1 pennyweight, dwt. 24 grains,
1 grain, gr.
Sree ae dwt gra.
Or, 1=12=240 =5760.
8. Avoirdupois Weight.
1 pound, ib, contains 16 ounces,

1 ounce, oz, 16 drachms.
1 drachm, dr.
ox dr. gra. grammes.
Or, 1=16=256=7000 = 453.25
1l= 16= 487.5 = 28.328
1= 27.84875= 1.7705

4, Apothecaries’ or Wine Measure.
1 gallon, C, contains 8 pints.

l pint, 0, “16 ounces,
1 ounce, £3, ed 8 fluid drachms,
1 fluid drachm, £3, 60 minims.
1 minim, ™, equals 1 drop of water.

Cc 0. fo. 13. Cubic in.
Or, 1=8=128=1024=231
1= 16= 128= 28.875
1= 8= 1.8047
1= 0.2256
5. Imperial Measure, adopted by the Lon-
don and Edinburgh Pharmacopaias.

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A dictionary ot
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