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League of nations.
Replies of the governments to the enquiry
on the application of the resolutions re-
lating to passports, customs for:nalities
and through tickets.
i C . 18,3 .M . 101 . 1922 • VII I.
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C. 183. M. 101. 1922. VIII.
LEAGUE OF NATIONS.
Advisory and Technical Committee
for Communications and Transit.
REPLIES OF THE GOVERNMENTS
to the
Enquiry on the Application
of the Resolutions relating to
PASSPORTS
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES
and
THROUGH TICKETS
GENEVA 1922.
LEAGUE OF NATIONS.
Advisory and Technical Committee
for Communications and Transit.
REPLIES OF THE GOVERNMENTS
to the
Enquiry on the Application
of the Resolutions relating to
PASSPORTS
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES
and
THROUGH TICKETS
GENEVA 1922.
LEAGUE OF NATIONS.
cTX
Advisory and Technical Committee
for Communications and Transit.
PASSPORTS.
The Council of the League of Nations having been
requested by the Conference of Ambassadors to enquire
into the difficulties regarding international passenger
traffic, the Provisional Committee for Communications
and Transit convened a Conference which was held at
Paris from October 15th to 21st, 1920, at which 22 States
were represented.
The various measures recommended by this Conference
were embodied in a resolution adopted on October 21st.
On November i8th, 1920, the Secretary-General of the
League of Nations forwarded this resolution to all the
States Members and to the Governments of certain other
countries, requesting them to inform him, within a period
of three months, what measures the various Governments
would take to give effect, as from July ist, 1 921, to all
or part of the recommendations embodied in this resolution.
On May 7th, 1921, the Secretary-General of the League
of Nations again wrote to the States which had not yet
replied, requesting them to inform him what action
they proposed to take.
During its first session, held at Geneva in July 1921,
the Advisory and Technical Committee for Communi-
cations and Transit took the matter up and formulated
a draft resolution which it submitted to the Assembly
of the League of Nations.
The question regarding the resohitions of the Con-
ference on Passports, Customs P'ormaHties and "Tlirough
Tickets " having again been sul)niitted to tiic Assembly
of the League of Nations, the latter adopted the following
resolution :
S.d..N.7<« 4/22. Imp. Atar.
:>«
— 4 —
"The Assembly, having been informed of the report
of the Advisory and Technical Committee for
Communications and Transit on the action taken
by the Governments with regard to the resolutions
adopted by the Conference on Passports, Customs
Formalities and ' Through Tickets, ' which was
held in Paris, October 1920, observed with the
keenest satisfaction that a certain number of
States have already put into force part of the
measures — so important for international rela-
tions, and unanimously recommended by this
Conference — tending towards the simplification
of formalities connected with the obtaining of
passports and visas, the reduction of passport
prices, and the unification of passport regulations.
" The Assembly draws the attention of all States which
have not yet been able to adopt the recommenda-
tions of the Conference to the necessity of recon-
sidering the question, and of informing the Secre-
tary-General of the League of Nations of the
solutions ultimately reached. "
A further enquiry into the question as a whole having
thus been decided upon, the Secretary-General of the League
of Nations, in a letter dated October 17th, 1921, drew
the attention of the Governments to the resolution
of the Assembly, requesting each Government to furnish
him with information, particularly on the following
points:
(a) Which of the resolutions of the Conference agreed
to by the Government concerned have been carried into
effect, and which of these resolutions it is proposed to
carry into effect at a future specified date.
(b) Whether, on further consideration, the Govern-
ment concerned is of opinion that it could adhere to all
or a part of the resolutions of the Conference which
it had previously considered unacceptable and, if so,
at what date it proposed to carry them into effect.
The most important measures which the Governments
have been invited to adopt are the following:
1. The establishment of a uniform type of passport
for all countries ;
2. Passport to be valid for two years or, in exceptional
cases, for one journey only ;
— 5 —
3- The fee charged shall not be of a fiscal character;
4. Diplomatic passports will only be granted to persons
falling within certain specified categories;
5. Preliminary visas {i. e. visas granted by the author-
ities issuing the passport) will be abolished as
far as possible;
6. Exit visas will be abolished for all travellers except
nationals ;
7. For passports issued for a single journey, the
duration of validity of the visa will be the same
as that of the passport: for passports issued for
two years, the visas will be for one year, in all but
exceptional cases;
8. The maximum fee for a visa shall be 10 gold francs;
y. Transit visas will be issued at once, solely upon
production of the entrance visa for the country
of destination;
10. The duration of validity of a transit visa shall
always be the same as that of the entrance visa
of the country of destination;
11. The maximum fee charged for a transit visa will
be I gold franc.
Up to the present, replies have been received from
the following countries:
Australia Italy
Austria Japan
Belgium Luxemburg
British Empire Netherlands
Bulgaria New Zealand
Canada Norway
China Poland
Czecho-Slovakia Roumania
Denmark Serb-Croat-Slovene State
Finland Siam
France South Africa
Germany Spain
Greece Sweden
Hungary Switzerland
India Venezuela
Several other countries rephed that the question
was still under consideration.
A certain number of the countries which sent a
reply have adoptfd all the measures referred to in the
— 6 —
resolution. Other countries have agreed to adopt these
measures on condition of reciprocity. Others again
are prepared to adopt a great number of the measures.
Certain countries, particularly among those situated
in Eastern Europe, are at present unable to make any
substantial modifications in the system in force.
Conference on Passports, Customs
Formalities and Through Tickets.
PASSPORTS.
A. Issue of Passport.
1. The establishment of a uniform type of '"ordinary"
passport.
2. Duration of validity of passport.
3. Fee to be collected.
4. Diplomatic passports.
B. Preliminary Visas.
5. Preliminary visas. (That is to say, visas granted
by the authorities issuing the passport, or by their repre-
sentatives.)
C. Exit Visa.
6. Abolition of exit visa.
D. Entrance Visa.
7. Duration of validity of visa.
8. Fee charged.
E. Transit Visa.
9. Issue of visa.
10. Duration of vahdity of visa.
11. Fee charged.
— 7 —
F. Collective Passports.
12. Family passports.
13. Collective passports for emigrants.
Recommendations.
(a) Passport exemptions.
(b) Abolition of the entrance visa for nationals.
(c) Abolition of the exit visa for nationals.
(d) Entrance visa for passports not covering all desti-
nations.
(e) Facilities for sojourn.
(/) Simplification of formalities.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14. AboHtion of examination of registered luggage
in transit.
15. Passengers in transit with money and scrip.
Recommendations.
(g) International stations.
(li) Examination of outgoing registered luggage.
(i) Examination of incoming registered luggage.
{j) Examination of luggage in general.
(k) Limitation of luggage.
THROUGH TICKETS.
Resokition.
16. Through tickets.
GENERAL PUBLICITY.
Resolution.
17. Periodical information.
THROUGH SERVICES.
Recommendation .
(I) Through services.
TRANSPORT OF EMIGRANTS.
Recommendation.
(m) Transport of emigrants.
AUSTRALIA.
PASSPORTS.
1. Agreed.
2. Agreed.
3. Agreed. The present fee of 10 sh. will be main-
tained. In regard to the question of the issue of passports
to "non-nationals," the Commonwealth Government pro-
poses to follow the principles adopted by the British
Government and not in any circumstances to issue pass-
ports to persons other than (a) British subjects; (b) persons
the protection of whose interests abroad have been en-
trusted to His Majesty's Government or the Common-
wealth Government by a mandate of the League of Nations ;
and (c) bona fide natives of British Protectorates and
British-protected States.
In the case of aliens in Australia who at present have
no consular representative in this country, the Common-
wealth authorities issue a document called "Permit
to leave Australia, " bearing the holder's photograph,
description, and signature, to enable him to comply
with the law requiring all persons over 16 years of age
who wish to leave the Commonwealth to hold a pass-
port or document authorising his departure. No fee
is charged for this permit. It is the practice only to
issue such a document in cases where there is no reason
to doubt that the holder will be permitted to land at
his destination.
4. Diplomatic passports are not issued in Australia,
but the status of diplomatic persons will be authenticated
by a special visa. The present practice as to diplomatic
visas conforms generally with the principles laid down
by the Passport Conference.
5. The point of the proposal that "preliminary"
visas should only be required in case the validity of the
— 9 —
passport is subject to doubt is not quite clear. An endorse-
ment as to destination is usually given at the time of
issue of Commonwealth passports. If the holder is
travelling within the British Empire, an Empire-wide
endorsement is affixed in all suitable cases. If, for any
reason, it is considered desirable to limit the passport
for a single journey to a specified country, the document
is endorsed to make it valid only for the journey to that
country. No extra fees are charged for such endorse-
ments.
6. The Commonwealth law requires that in the case
of persons already holding passports who are about to
leave Australia for a journey beyond the Commonwealth,
the passports shall be vised or endorsed in the prescribed
manner for that journey. Holders of British passports
bearing Empire-wide endorsements are not required to
obtain further visas or endorsements during the validity
of the passport unless they propose travelling to a foreign
country and a special endorsement is necessary to enable
them to obtain the requisite visa from the foreign con-
sular representative concerned.
As regards "non-nationals," it is not proposed to
take any general steps at present to abohsh the exit
visa. As previously pointed out, this requirement is
of assistance in connection with the administration of
the Commonwealth Aliens Registration Act as in view of
Austraha's isolated geographical position and the fact that
the comparatively few aliens in Australia do not make
frequent trips abroad, and as, moreover, a fee of only 2/-
is charged for a visa, it is not considered that any serious
hardship is imposed by the retention of this require-
ment.
7. Agreed, subject to the observations made concerning
this article by the British Government.
8 and 11. The fee charged for the visa is 2/ — , and
as the question of transit visas is not one that particularly
affects Australia, it is not proposed to make any alteration
in the charge.
9 and 10. Agreed.
12. Agreed, subject to the conditions laid down
in the reply of the British Government respecting this
article.
13. Agreed.
— 10 —
Recommendations.
{a) This recommendation hardly affects Australia,
although an agreement has already been made with the
New Zealand Government dispensing altogether with
passport requirements in the case of British subjects
(except certain classes of naturalised persons) and simpli-
fying the procedure in other cases.
{b) and (c) — Visa requirements for nationals have
been largely abolished through the adoption of the Empire-
wide passport arrangement referred to in the remarks
above respecting paragraphs 5 and 6.
[d) — The Commonwealth Government endorses this
recommendation.
[e) — Subject to compliance by holders of passports
with the general immigration regulations in force in
Australia, the practice of the Commonwealth Government
is to act in accordance with this recommendation.
(/) — This recommendation does not apply to the
Commonwealth.
No observations are offered respecting the proposals
in regard to Customs formalities and through tickets,
as these matters apparently do not affect Australia.
11 —
AUSTRIA.
The Austrian Government has intimated that the
resolutions adopted by the Conference on Passports,
Customs Formalities and Through Tickets have without
exception been put into force in Austria as from January
ist, 1922.
The executive measures in question were published
in Nos. 258 and 261 of the Federal Legal Gazette
("Bundesgesetzblatt") under Articles 702, 707 and 708.
As regards the question of reciprocity, the Austrian
Government states that these new measures are, as a
general rule, applicable to all States, even to those which
have not yet thought it necessary to introduce measures
of reciprocity, with the single exception of fees to be
charged for visas as provided for in Article 707.
With regard to Customs formalities, the resolutions
of the Conference on Passports have been put into force.
The sole reservation to be made relates to the re-expor-
tation of Austrian crowns which, under existing conditions,
cannot yet be allowed, and it is impossible to say when
this can be done.
- 12
BELGIUM.
PASSPORTS.
1. The wording recommended by the Paris Conference
has been adopted. Instead of book-form, however, the
form of a single sheet has been chosen.
2. Agreed.
3. Agreed.
4. Agreed.
5. The Belgian Government agrees to the measure
suggested in para. 5, so long as this measure does not
exclude the right of the Belgian authorities, when requested
by an alien to issue a visa, to insist that the passport or
the visa on it should be certified as authentic by the
authority by whom the passport or the visa was issued,
or by the local representative of that authority.
6. Agreed.
7. Agreed on condition of reciprocity.
8. Agreed on condition of reciprocity.
. 9. Agreed. Already in force since December ist, 1920.
10. Not agreed. A more careful examination of the
question has shown that the application of the system
suggested would invariably enable the holder of the
long-term visa for transit to remain in the country as
long as he wishes. With the object, however, of facilitating
the journey of persons embarking at a Belgian port,
it has been decided to grant them, transit visas with the
option of remaining two days at the port of embarkation ;
this privilege has since been extended to passengers
in vessels calhng at a Belgian port.
11. Agreed. Already in force since December ist, 1920.
12. Agi^eed.
13. Not agreed. The Belgian Government has proved
by experience that the use of collective passports has
given rise to abuses and has caused serious inconvenience
to certain holders of such passports who were not permitted
to embark, either on account of disease or for any other
reason.
— 13 —
Recommendations.
The Belgian Government has carefully noted the
subsequent recommendations made by the Paris Con-
ference regarding passports and visas, and will consider
under what conditions it might be able to take them
into account. It seems needless to mention the fact
that since August 1919 entrance visas have not been
required for Belgian subjects returning to the country
and possessing a regular passport.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14. Agreed.
15. Agreed.
Recommendations.
The Belgian Government considers that the creation
of common international stations, useful in principle though
it might be, must be regarded as a special measure, and
cannot be made a general practice as appears to be desired.
In Belgium, this examination is carried out at the
frontier posts. Before the war, it might be said that
no such examination existed, as the absence of any exit
duty allowed the greatest freedom in this matter. A return
to this liberal regime will be considered when the present
restrictive measures on exports have been abolished.
This system of examination has been tried on the
line Quevy-Brussels, being temporarily limited to one
train in the daytime. A definite decision on the possi-
bility of finally adopting the measure, and on the extent
to which it may be apphed, can only be found when the
results of this test have been obtained. It seems, however,
a priori, that such a system could not be applied to night
trains. As a rule, examination of hand-luggage takes
place in the compartments during the intervals at frontier
stations. It may be repeated that registered luggage
in transit through Belgium is exempt from Customs
examination of any kind.
THROUGH TICKETS.
16. Agreed.
THROUGH SERVICES.
(/). Agreed.
— 14 —
BRITISH EMPIRE.
PASSPORTS.
1. Agreed. The new type of passport has been in
use since July ist, 192 1. Measures are being taken for
the adoption of a similar passport as soon as possible by
Newfoundland and the Colonies and Protectorates.
2. Agreed.
3. Agreed. At the same time, the British Govern-
ment would point out that it assumes that in principle
a passport should constitute a definite official proof of
the nationality of its holder, and, for this reason, while
accepting the resolution, it does not intend to issue pass-
ports to persons other than:
(a) British subjects;
(b) Persons the protection of whose interests abroad
has been entrusted to His Majesty's Government
by a mandate of the League of Nations.
(c) Bona fide natives of British Protectorates and of
British, protected States.
No modification is proposed in the fee (7s. yd.) now
charged for the issue of British passports in the United
Kingdom or by the Consular representatives of His
Majesty abroad.
4. No diplomatic passport will be issued in the future
by the British authorities. A special visa will be granted
to diplomatic representatives. The procedure followed at
present in granting diplomatic visas is on the whole in
conformity with the recommendations of the Conference.
5. Agreed. Nevertheless, it is desirable that it should
be clearly understood that this provision does not affect
the "endorsements of destination" (referred to in para-
graph {d), of the " recommendations ") — a principle
which His Majesty's Government regards as constituting
an integral part of the passport system.
— 15 —
6. Agreed.
7. Agreed, except for the provision which requires the
various governments to notify the Secretary-General of
the League every six months as to the total number of
visas given by representatives during the six preceding
months. The British Government is of opinion that this
measure would result in more special work than its advan-
tages warrant.
8. Agreed. It has, however, been decided to reserve
the right of adopting a reciprocal policy with regard to
visa fees, should any government impose a tariff exceeding
the maximum tarifi^ laid down in the resolution.
9. Agreed.
10. Agreed.
11. Agreed, with the reservation already mentioned
in paragraph 8. The new provisions with regard to the
British visa have been in force since June 2nd, 192 1.
12. Agreed. Since, however, the British custom, up
to the present, has been to include in a family passport
of this nature children under 16, there appears to be no
reason for reducing this figure to 15.
13. Agreed.
Recommendations.
{a) Agreed.
(6) and (c). It is not the practice of His Majesty's
Government to require either exit or entrance visas for
British nationals properly provided with British pass-
ports, and the proposals are therefore accepted as far
as concerns exit from or entrance to the United Kingdom,
Newfoundland, and the Colonies and Protectorates.
It may be added that British passports as now issued
are valid for all parts of the British Empire (but not for
British Protectorates, protected States, or mandated
territories), unless specially endorsed to the contrary.
[d) Agreed.
{e) Agreed.
(/) Agreed.
Sir Maurice Hankey desires to make it clear that His
Majesty's Government regard their general acceptance of
the resolution and the recommendations as in no way
interfering with the right of any portion of the British
— 16 —
Empire to decide upon and enforce its own immigration
regulations.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14. No answer.
15. Although the provisions of paragraph 15 of the
resolution (Customs Formalities), so far as they relate
to money, are contrary to the statutory regulations pro-
hibiting the export from the United Kingdom of gold and
silver coins. His Majesty's Government are nevertheless
prepared to adhere to those provisions as far as the
United Kingdom is concerned, on the understanding that
the right is reserved to limit the privilege in the event
of its appearing that it is being abused, with a view to
confining it bona fide transients and to such amounts of
gold and silver coins as are reasonably required for the
purpose of their journey.
Recommendations.
{g)
In favour.
(/O
In favour.
(0
In favour.
(;■)
In favour.
ik)
In favour.
THROUGH SERVICES.
(/) In favour.
TRANSPORT OF EMIGRANTS
(m) In favour.
— 17 —
BULGARIA.
PASSPORTS.
1. Agreed.
2. Agreed.
3. The Royal Government of Bulgaria, in view of the
extremely precarious financial situation of Bulgaria, cannot
consent to a regulation that the fee charged shall not be
of a fiscal character.
4. Agreed.
5. As a result of prevailing international conditions,
the Ro3''al Government cannot, for reasons of purely
domestic policy, agree to the abolition of preliminary
visas for passports issued to aliens.
6. The Royal Government agrees to the abolition of
the exit visa for non-nationals passing through the King-
dom or remaining there for a maximum period of three
daj^s. In all other cases the exit visa may be required
from non-nationals as well as nationals.
7-
Agreed.
8.
Agreed.
9-
Agreed.
10.
Agreed.
II.
Agreed.
12.
Agreed.
13-
Agreed.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14-
Agreed.
1.5-
Agreed.
THROUGH TICKETS.
16.
Agreed.
GENERAL PUBLICITY.
17-
Agreed.
The Government of Bulgaria expressed no opinion with
regard
to the
" recommendations. "
— 18
CANADA.
PASSPORTS.
1. Agreed.
2. Agreed.
3. The present fee ($2) is not of a fiscal character and
there is no question of increasing it at the moment.
However, the Government reserves complete liberty of
action, as, in its opinion, the question is purely one of
domestic poHcy.
Visas are not required by any Canadian law or regul-
ation either for entrance, exit or transit. Where, however,
in consequence of the requirements of outside authorities,
the convenience of travellers necessitates a Canadian visa
on passports issued outside the Dominion, such visas are
granted; the fee of $2.00 imposed for this service being
practically the maximum fee — ten francs (gold) —
recommended. Canada agrees to all the clauses dealing
with Customs formalities, through tickets, transport of emi-
grants, etc.; indeed, all the measures suggested have now
been in force for some years.
— 19 -
CHINA.
PASSPORTS.
1. The Chinese Government will endeavour to establish
a uniform type for ordinary passports; however, in view
of the vast extent of the Chinese Republic and the very
numerous bodies entitled to issue passports, it will require
considerable time to give effect to this measure.
2. Agreed.
3. Agreed.
4. Agreed.
5. These visas are free of charge in China.
6. These visas have not yet been abolished by the
European and other States. When they have been gener-
ally abandoned, the Chinese Government will adopt the
same measure.
7. Contrary to the last provision of this paragraph,
China is of opinion that in practice it will prove extremely
difficult to render the visas issued valid for widely sepa-
rated parts of the State.
8. Agreed. The fee charged for the entrance visa is
in many cases less than 10 francs gold.
9. Agreed.
10. Agreed.
11. Agreed.
12. Agreed.
13. Agreed on condition of reciprocity.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14. Part of this clause has already been put in practice
in Manchuria since 1916, as a result of the conclusion of
special treaties between China, Japan and Russia.
15. Agreed.
- 20 —
THROUGH TICKETS.
i6. No objection.
GENERAL PUBLICITY.
17. Agreed in principle. However, in view of the
great distance which separates China from the seat of the
League of Nations, the period of three months is ob-
viously too short.
— 21 —
CZECHO-SLOVAKIA.
PASSPORTS, CUSTOMS FORMALITIES, THROUGH
TICKETS.
The Czecho-Slovak Government informs us that it has
accepted all the measures contained in the resolutions
of the Paris Conference. These measures have been put
into force as from July ist, 1921.
The resolutions, however, with regard to the fees
charged for the entrance visa and the transit visa, are
given effect to only on condition of reciprocity.
22
DENMARK.
PASSPORTS.
1. A type of passport has been adopted corresponding
to that recommended by the Conference ; as it is necessary,
however, that the text of the passport should be printed
in four languages instead of two as proposed by the
Conference, the passport is not exactly in the form recom-
mended. The new type has been in use since the autumn
of 1921.
2. Agreed.
3. Agreed.
4. No answer.
5. The preliminary visa is not required.
6. No answer.
7. As the regulations in force in Denmark presuppose
that an entrance visa entitles the holder to a stay of the
same duration as the validity of the visa, it has not yet
been possible to adopt a general rule rendering the visa
valid for one year. Further, on condition of reciprocity,
Denmark issued the widest authorisation for the grant,
in certain cases, of sojourn visas for one year, but as the
regulations for the duration of the visa must of necessity
vary in the case of different countries, according as a
sudden influx of immigrants is expected or not, it has
been found impossible for the present to adopt uniform
regulations in this respect.
8. The fee charged for the visa is based on the principle
of reciprocity. The fee is never less than 4 Danish crowns.
The fee charged for Danish visas will be reduced to the
maximum laid down by the Conference as this maximum
is adopted in other countries.
9. Agreed, unless for exceptional reasons (undesir-
ables).
10. No answer.
11. No answer.
12. No answer.
— 23 —
13- Although, up to the present, Denmark has not as
a general rule recognised collective passports, the Danish
regulations in this respect will as far as possible be made
to conform with the regulations adopted by the Paris
Conference. According to Danish law, entrance visas are
not required in the case of nationals nor are visas any
longer required between Denmark, Norway and Sweden
mutually.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14. Registered luggage in transit is exempt from all
Customs examination in Denmark.
15. Measures of this nature are in contemplation, but
as the prohibition of export only covers gold and silver
currency over a certain amount, while bank-notes, letters
of credit, bonds and other securities are not affected, this
question is not of great importance to Denmark.
Recommendation.
With regard to the other recommendations made by
the Conference, it should be noted that on the principal
railway lines the Customs examination takes place in the
train. The Customs authorities are considering putting
into practice the other facilities recommended.
THROUGH TICKETS.
16. Since April ist, 1921, the sale of tickets and
direct registration between Danish and German stations
has been extended to the majority of large stations.
Many through tickets are already being issued and the
through registration of luggage via Denmark is already
in operation between Norway and Sweden on the one
hand and Germany on the other. Further, an arrange-
ment has recently been made with the Dutch railways
for the reciprocal sale of through-tickets to points in
Norway, Sweden and Germany. Finally, the possibility
of extending through international traffic is being care-
fully considered.
— 24
FINLAND.
PASSPORTS.
1. Agreed if all the other States agree.
2. Agreed.
3. Agieed.
4. Agreed.
5. Unnecessary.
6. Cannot accept at present.
7. The Government of the Republic cannot agree
to the proposal that the visa of passport which is valid
for a single journey should have the duration of validity
as the passport itself, in view of the fact that hostile
States might take advantage of visas thus given for an
indefinite period to send their propaganda agents into
the country. As to passports vahd for two years, the
Government of the Republic finds it impossible to intro-
duce these at present, in view of the difficulties which
might arise if a foreigner who had been granted a visa
and who had originally justified the confidence thus
placed in him was later found undesirable. On the
other hand, the Government of the Republic wishes
to identify itself unreservedly with the proposal that
the number of visas given should be notified to the Secre-
tary-General of the League of Nations every six months.
With regard to the proposal that the visas given should
always be valid via all frontiers of the country which
issued the visa, except for special reasons justified by
considerations of health or of national security, the
Government of the Repubhc will be in a position to agree
to this as soon as normal relations are established between
Finland and Russia.
8. The Government of the Republic approves of the
fee proposed on condition that it is also adopted by the
— 25 —
other States, and proposes that the exchange value of
the franc should be fixed every three months.
9. The Government of the Republic cannot accept
the principle that transit visas shall be issued at once
without enquiry, solely upon production of the entrance
visa for the country of destination ; by so doing it would
oblige the competent Finnish authorities to allow Bol-
shevist agents, for example, to cross the country freely,
which might endanger the security of the Republic.
The Ministry for Foreign Affairs should therefore have
the right to grant or refuse transit visas according to
circumstances.
10. The Government of the Republic cannot agree
to the proposal in this paragraph and refers to the reasons
set forth above.
11. With regard to the proposal contained in this
paragraph, the Government of the Republic refers to its
statement in paragraph 8.
12. Agreed.
13. Agreed.
Recommendations .
(a) In favour.
(6) In favour.
(c) Not in favour.
(d) In favour.
{e) In favour.
(/) In favour.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14. Agreed.
15. Agreed.
Recommendalions .
(g) Agreed.
(A) Agreed.
{i) Agreed.
(;') Agreed.
(k) Agreed.
THKOl'GII TICKETS.
16. No answer.
— 26 —
GENERAL PUBLICITY.
17. Agreed.
THROUGH SERVICES.
(/) Agreed.
TRANSPORT OF EMIGRANTS.
(w) Finland agrees to the measures proposed for the
transport of emigrants under the conditions most favourable
to public health.
27 —
FRANCE.
PASSPORTS.
1. The form used in France costs Frs. 102 per 1000.
The proposed form would cost Frs. 441, and its adoption
would oblige the French Government to raise the price
of passports. Under these circumstances, the French
Government cannot consent to the resolution, especially
as there is ground for believing that the passport system
will shortly be abolished.
2. Agreed, except with regard to the extension of
the vaHdity of the passport beyond two years. A passport,
after two years, will be so worn that it will be necessarj^
to replace it.
3. The fee charged for issuing a passport is exclusively
a matter for the issuing State. The French passport
is good for all countries for the period of its validity.
The system in force in France corresponds, therefore,
to the resolution adopted by the Conference, to the
effect that there should be no distinction between the
countries for which passports are issued.
4. Agreed.
5. No answer.
6. In the case of foreigners, the French Government
continues to require the exit visa.
7. Agreed, except as regards notifications to the
Secretariat of the League of Nations of the number of
visas. Such notifications would be a source of un-
necessary complications and expense.
8. The French charge for a visa is in all cases Frs. 25.
This is approximately equal to the fee of 10 gold francs
adopted by the Conference for the ordinary visa. The
present French charge, which was introduced by statute,
can only be amended by statute.
9. Agreed.
10. Agreed.
— 28 —
11. Same remarks as for paragraph 8.
12. The individual passport is the form adopted in
France. This would seem to be the only practical form,
since the members of a family may always be separated
at any given moment.
13. Agreed. The French Government, however, desires
more accurate particulars as to collective passports for
emigrants.
Recommendations .
(a) The French Government is quite prepared to join
in agreements for the abolition of passport formahties.
It has already done so with Belgium and Luxemburg,
and has approached Great Britain with the same
suggestion.
(b) Agreed, in force since 1919.
(c) Agreed, in force since 1919.
(d) Agreed.
{e) The formalities connected with sojourn permits
{permis de sejour) have been very much simplified in
France.
(/) Joint control can only exist at international
stations. The authorities giving a visa for the country
of destination cannot undertake the necessary formal-
ities for obtaining other visas, such as those for transit.
Such formahties are exclusively the duty of the interested
parties.
The French Government has expressed no opinion
with regard to the resolutions and recommendations
on the subject of Customs Formahties and Through
Tickets.
— 29
GERMANY.
PASSPORTS.
1. Agreed subject to certain restrictions and modi-
fications. The new system will come into force on
January ist, IQ22.
2. Normal duration of validity of passports two years.
Limitation to a single journey in exceptional cases.
Renewal for periods of one year at a time, up to five years
in all from the date upon which the passport is delivered.
3. The fixing of the fees to be charged for the issue
of national passports is a matter for the States which
issue them. Such fees will be charged without any dis-
crimination between countries for which the passports are
issued. When in exceptional cases an identity certificate
is issued to persons other than German nationals in place
of a passport, the fee collected is not higher than that
which is charged on passports.
4. Agreed.
5. Agreed.
6. Not agreed.
7. Not agreed. The German Government is compelled
to maintain the existing system of visas. The supply of
periodical information to the League of Nations would
involve statistical work necessitating considerable ex-
penditure, and the German Government cannot therefore
agree to this measure.
It agrees that the duration of the validity of the visa
in no way affects the right of sojourn and settlement.
It also agrees that travellers may enter and leave the
country at any point on the frontier, it being understood,
however, that for exceptional reasons connected with
domestic pohcy, health conditions, or national safety,
the visa will be granted only for a specified point on the
frontier.
— 30 —
The German Government proposes the insertion of
the following provision:
Each country shall publish a list of the chief frontier
points for international traffic and shall forward it to the
League of Nations: any changes in the list shall also be
published without delay.
8. The German Government cannot agree to the
maximum fee of lo gold francs. Under existing circum-
stances it cannot abandon its right to fix independently
the fees for the various categories of visas mentioned under
paragraph 7, The new German law on consular fees,
nevertheless, provided for considerable reductions in the
present fees. There shall be no distinction in the fees
charged, either as regards the nationality of the holders
of passports, or as regards the frontier point chosen.
The German Government reserves the right to make
special arrangements with certain States regarding the fees
to be collected, and apart from such arrangements, to reduce
the fee, in special cases, by 50%, or to abolish it altogether.
9 and 10. In view of the present situation of Germany,
which, owing to its geographical position, must be con-
sidered as one of the chief countries of transit, it is necessary
to continue for the time being the examination of the nature
and frequency of journeys in each particular case.
On the other hand, under the German system of visas,
all reasonable wishes of travellers, in cases which are
absolutely clear, are granted.
11. The German Government reserves the right to fix
the fees. As regards the rest of this paragraph, it calls
attention to its observations on the subject in paragraph 8.
12. Family passports granted abroad, and collective
passports for emigrants, are recognised and vised under
the following conditions:
(a) Family passports granted abroad (husband, wife,
children under the age of 15) cannot have a validity of
more than 5 years from the date of their issue.
(b) As regards fees for visas of family passports, the
reservation made in paragraph 8, sections 2 and 3, are
applicable.
13. The German Government can only agree to apply
provisions 2 and 3 and 5-10 mentioned under paragraph 13
under the reservations made by the German Government
regarding these provisions.
— 31 —
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14. No answer.
15. No answer.
THROUGH TICKETS.
16. No answer.
GENERAL PUBLICITY.
17. The German Government is prepared to supply
the League of Nations as far as possible with periodical
information regarding the regulations in force for passports,
Customs and railwaj^s, in so far as they concern inter-
national traffic.
Recommendations.
The German Government has noted the proposals
put forward under numbers a — m concerning matters
of purely national interest, and will take these proposals
into consideration in so far as circumstances permit
and in so far as their execution is compatible with
the interest of the country.
The application of the measure proposed, — namely,
that the authorities which provide entrance visas for the
countries of destination should also procure the visas for
countries of transit, would involve an additional amount
of labour for representatives of the country abroad, which
the German services, in view of the restricted numbers
of their staff, could not at present undertake.
— 32
GREECE.
The Greek Government agrees in principle to apply
all the measures proposed.
The Greek Government also agrees in principle to
the recommendations, and will submit detailed inform-
ation as to the methods of putting them into practice,
together with the date on which they come into force.
The Greek Government has decided not to carry out
any examination or Customs inspection of baggage
crossing Greek territory by rail and registered " In Transit."
33 —
HUNGARY.
The Hungarian Government accepts all the proposals
embodied in the resolution, on condition that the other
States, particularly States bordering on Hungary, also
accept them and strictly apply the decisions taken by
the Conference.
— 34 —
INDIA.
1. Agreed.
2. Agreed.
3. Agreed. The fee will be kept at 3 rupees.
4. No answer.
5. No answer.
6. No answer.
7. Agreed, subject to any observations made on this
subject by the Government of Great Britain.
8. The fee charged will be 7 rupees.
9. No answer.
10. Agreed.
11. The fee charged will be i rupee.
— 35 —
ITALY.
PASSPORTS.
The Italian Government accepts, as a whole, the various
measures proposed (some of which are already in force)
with the following reservations:
I and 2. Ordinary passports. — The passport is the
only effective means at the disposal of the Government
for regulating emigration, and preventing immigration
into countries where it is impossible to procure work;
if extended from one to tv/o years, the duration of the
validity of the passport will diminish the effectiveness
of this control, which is necessary, not only in the interest
of Italy, but also in the interest of the countries of desti-
nation. Further, the passport service is connected with
the preparation of statistical information with regard
to emigiation and immigration, which must be published
annually with the greatest possible accuracy. There
seems to be no disadvantage in leaving it to each country
to fix the duration of the validity of its passports; never-
theless, if, with the object of attaining the uniformity at
which the Conference aimed, it is considered that a normal
period of two years should be agreed upon, the Italian
Government will accept this proposal even as regards
its own passports, at least for emigration and repatriation,
but will limit to one year the validity of passports for
persons leaving the Kingdom.
3. The sum of Ft. 10 gold is considered too high for
emigrants, especially when the present rate of exchange
is taken into account. It is thought that the countries
of destination should pay the fees for visas, since these
countries benefit by the labour of the emigrants.
4. Italy prefers to keep the present type of passport
in two forms (large and small), drawn up in Italian and
— 36 —
containing a photograpti, if this is also demanded by
other countries.
The Italian Government desires that other classes
of persons should have a right to diplomatic passports
(the Government has provided a list of these additional
classes) .
Note. — It has since been pointed out that exit visas
for persons other than nationals were abolished as from
May ist, 1921. Further, entrance visas valid for one year
will be granted to nationals of States which will guarantee
reciprocal treatment for Italian nationals.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14. Already in force.
Recommendations.
{g) International stations. Italy admits the advis-
ability of adopting measures in the direction indicated,
but would also point out that it is desirable that Customs
formalities should take place on the national territory.
{h) The Government agrees to this measure.
[i) This measure is already in force.
THROUGH TICKETS.
16. The system in force for tickets on the Simplon-
Orient Express line is based on the adoption of a common
monetary unit, the French franc, for transportation
charges. This system cannot be adopted for all the
through international services, already existing, or planned,
in connection with the Italian railways, for it is not ap-
plicable to these services nor always convenient to adopt.
To improve this system it would be advisable that
transportation charges should be always indicated in the
national currency of the administration which issues the
tickets.
Further, in the Simplon-Orient Express tickets, the
charges for that part of the journey which falls within
territory other than French are converted into French
francs. Charges for those parts of the journey which
occur on the lines of States other than that to which
the administration issuing the tickets belongs, should
- 37 -
be converted into the national currency of that admi-
nistration.
THROUGH SERVICES.
The adherence to this proposal must in no way pre-
judice existing agreements and the advantages which
accrue to Italy under those agreements.
In the interest of the communications which the
Conference is trying to develop, the Italian Government,
in conclusion, desires to make certain special reserva-
tions in connection with particular agreements which
Italy might conclude with other countries, particularly
with neighbouring countries, with the object of securing,
on the principle of reciprocity, special facilities for their
nationals.
U")
38 —
JAPAN.
PASSPORTS.
1. In principle the Imperial Government sees no
objection to the estabhshment of a uniform type of ordinary
passport, but it ventures to point out that the difference
of character and custom in Europe and America are
likely to prove an obstacle to the desired uniformity as
far as Japan is concerned. The fixing of July ist next
as the date for the issue of the new passports clearly affords
Japan insufficient time to make the necessary changes
in procedure and to print and prepare the new forms.
Under these circumstances, the Imperial Government
is obliged to ask for a delay of at least a year.
2. Duration of validity of the passport:
{a) Passport issued for a single journey;
{b) Passport issued for two years.
With regard to the subdivision mentioned above, the
Imperial Government, with certain reservations, approves
of this measure.
3. The fee prescribed for the issue of passports should
be as low as possible, and should be levied uniformly
without discrimination between aliens and nationals and
between the various ahen nationaUties.
It is agreed that the fee levied should not depend on
the nationahty of ahens, but, as ordinary passports are
not granted to ahens in Japan, the provision in question
will not apply in that country.
With regard to the charges made on the issue of pass-
ports exclusively for the use of nationals, the Japanese
Government desires to reserve the right to collect them
at its discretion and according to circumstances.
4. Agreed.
5. Agreed.
— 39 —
6. Not required.
7. The Imperial Government agrees that as regards
passports vahd for a single journey the duration of validity
of the visa should be the same as that of the passport.
Moreover, it is suggested that these passports and visas
should remain valid as long as the holder stays in the
country of destination. With regard to passports valid
for two years, the Imperial Government sees no reason
why visas for one 3^ear should not be issued; nevertheless,
it hopes that such visas would be considered valid for
an indefinite period. The Imperial Government also
accepts the other proposals in this article.
8. Agreed. It is to be noted, however, that the
reciprocal adoption of differential tariffs for visas issued
to the nationals of the various countries seems inconvenient
in practice. The Government therefore intends to levy
an equal charge for visas to the nationals of all countries
at a fixed charge of less than 10 gold francs.
The Government gives its approval both to the aboh-
tion of individual reductions of the fee and to exemptions
from visa charges in the case of certain categories of
persons, provided such exemptions are expressly subject
to the conditions of equality and reciprocity.
9. Owing to special circumstances, the Japanese
Government cannot agree to the transit visa, having
regard to the fact that this visa would, unless for excep-
tional reasons, be issued at once without enquiry solely
on production of the entrance visa for the country of
destination.
10. As regards the duration of validity of the transit
visa, the Government has no objections to make; never-
theless it takes the same attitude here as indicated in para-
graph 7, that is to .say, that the period of validity of the
transit visa should be the .same as that of the entrance
visa for the country of destination. Further, it accepts
the reservation according to which the transit visa author-
ises one or more journeys across the territory, each
of normal duration without voluntary interruption of
the journey.
11. It agrees that the maximum fee charged should
be I gold franc. With regard to the remainder of the
paragraph, reference should be made to the statcmciil
in section 8.
— 40 —
12. It agrees that the preceding provisions should
be apphed to family passports as they are to individual
passports.
13. The fees for visas on collective passports for
emigrants will be fixed in conformity with the above-
mentioned provisions, and will be collected without
any discrimination based either upon the nationality
of the holder or the points of entry into or exit from the
territory.
Even in the case of collective passports, the Govern-
ment suggests that these passports should be valid for
an indefinite period in the country of destination; that
each of the States which, as in the case of Japan, issue
passports exclusively to its nationals, should be left com-
pletely free to determine the amount of the fee charged;
that the period of validity of the entrance visa should
be determined with due regard to the point of view ex-
pressed in paragraph 7, and, finally, that the visa fee
and other matters should be determined in conformity
with the proposal submitted in the section dealing with
individual passports.
Recommendations.
(a) Agreed.
{b) Up to the present, there has been no visa of this
nature.
(c) This visa, like that mentioned in the previous
section, has not, up to the present, been required in Japan.
(d) Agreed.
{e) Agreed.
(/) Agreed.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14. Agreed.
15. Agreed. The date from which this measure is to
be put into force will be communicated later.
THROUGH TICKETS.
16. No answer.
GENERAL PUBLICITY.
17. Agreed.
— 41 —
LUXEMBURG.
PASSPORTS.
1. Agreed.
2. Agreed to extend the validity of passports to two
years, and to provide for extending their validity at the
conclusion of each period of two years.
3. The present fee of ten francs (Luxemburg) for
passports vahd for one year only will be maintained for
the two-year passport.
Agreed, together with the other proposals in this
paragraph .
4. Agreed.
5. Not required.
6. Neither the passports of nationals nor those of
aliens are vised on exit.
7. Agreed to a general extension of the vahdity of
entrance visas to one year. By agreement between the
Governments of the three countries, nationals of Luxem-
burg proceeding to France or Belgium, and French and
Belgian nationals proceeding to the Grand-Duchy have
been exempted, not only from the obligation of obtaining
a visa for their passports, but also from that of holding
a passport. They need only possess identity papers,
which are exempt from visa.
8. The Grand-Ducal Government has only charged fees
for passport visas since December ist, 1920. Reciprocity
is the determining factor in hxing the fee charged for the
issue of a visa to an alien. The Government agrees to
the other proposals in this article.
9. 10 and II. The transit visa does not exist. Once
the traveller holds the entrance visa of the country of
destination, he may traverse the Grand-Duchy without
the Luxemburg visa.
12. Agreed that the family passport shall correspond
in every respect to the individual passport, particularly
in the matter of fees.
— 42 —
13- The Grand-Ducal Government agrees to the
proposals in this resolution, subject to the observations
set forth in the preceding number, and on condition of
reciprocity, which forms the basis of the Luxemburg
regulations.
Recommendations.
{a) The Grand-Ducal Government has exempted the
inhabitants of numerous districts in the three adjacent
countries from passport and visa. These inhabitants
need only be provided with a frontier card. The frontier
card is issued for a fee of Fr, 1.50.
{b) An entrance visa to the Grand-Duchy is not re-
quired of nationals.
(c) An exit visa is not required of nationals.
{d) The Grand-Ducal Government will be glad to
follow up any suggestion which may be submitted to it
with a view to agreements on this point.
[e) Agreed.
(/) Agreed.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14. Agreed.
15. Agreed.
Recommendations.
(g) Agreed.
(h) Agreed.
(i) Agreed.
(j) Agreed.
{k) Agreed.
16. Agreed.
17. Agreed.
(/) Agreed.
THROUGH TICKETS.
GENERAL PUBLICITY.
THROUGH SERVICES.
TRANSPORT OF EMIGRANTS.
(w) Agreed.
— 43
NETHERLANDS.
PASSPORTS.
1. Not practicable; prefer to retain the present type
of passport. There are at present two kinds of Nether-
lands passports, — one, of a bulky description, for the
use of persons obliged by their calling to travel frequently,
and the other, thinner in bulk, for the use of persons
travelling for pleasure.
2. There are practical objections to the issue of pass-
ports for a period of two years. Passports have hitherto
been issued for a period of one year with the possibility
of an extension of the period when the holder is abroad.
A bill has been passed by Parliament making it possible
to extend the validity of a Netherlands passport in that
country itself.
3. The passport fees are only slightly higher than the
cost of production and stamping. There is no discrimin-
ation of the kind referred to in the resolution.
4. Agreed.
5. Preliminary visas are not required.
6. Exit visas are not required either for Dutch nationals
or foreigners.
7. Owing to the housing and unemployment crisis, it
has, up to the present, been necessary in several cases to
reduce the period for which visas are valid. Notification
to the Secretariat of the number of visas issued would,
in view of the visas given by Dutch representatives abroad,
entail administrative difficulties and expense which appear
to be out of proportion to the utility of the measure pro-
posed. Visas are valirl for all jjlaces on the frontiers by
which travellers enter.
— 44 —
8. A Bill has also been passed to make the fee for
Netherlands visas correspond with that named in the
resolution. This bill further provides for fixing the visa
fee for the various countries on the basis of reciprocit}^
As soon as this bill has been submitted to the Dutch Par-
liament a copy will be transmitted to the Secretariat of
the League of Nations.
9. The transit visa is abolished altogether, except for
subjects of States not recognised by the Netherlands,
and for Polish, Lithuanian, Finnish, Esthonian and
Latvian subjects.
10. As a rule transit visas are granted for a single
journey only to the subjects of countries not recognised
by the Netherlands.
11. The above-mentioned Parliamentary bill fixes a
fee for transit visas corresponding to that named in the
resolution.
12. Collective family passports may be granted; such
passports, however, must be provided with a double
stamp, and the fee is accordingly higher than in the case
of an individual passport.
13. In the case of emigrants no visa will be required.
Recommendations.
{a) The Dutch Government is of opinion that it will
prove very difficult to give effect to these recommendations.
For local frontier traffic there are numerous classes of
foreigners — subjects of neighbouring countries — who
are not under compulsion to procure passports. It will,
however, give this point fuller consideration.
{b) and (c). The visas mentioned under (b) and (c) are
not required.
{d) The Dutch Government raises no objection to
granting visas for passports which are not issued for the
Netherlands.
(e) In favour. Compulsory notification by foreigners
to the police of their arrival and departure will shortly
be abolished.
(/) The Dutch Government has already entered into
negotiations with the Governments of adjacent countries
as regards first paragraph. The Government is of opinion
— 45 —
that the regulations recommended in second paragraph
are impracticable. The regulations contemplated in the
third paragraph have already been put into effect.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14. In favour.
15. In favour.
Recommendations.
{g) In favour.
(/?) In view of the temporary aboHtion of almost all
export prohibitions, measures have been taken to reduce
to a minimum the examination at frontier stations of
registered luggage on the great international hues.
Apart from the fact that the examination of passengers'
outgoing registered luggage at the point of departure in
large railway centres would present difficulties, the Dutch
Government is of opinion that the travelling public would
be seriously inconvenienced by a measure such as has been
recommended under (h), because the formahties at the
point of departure would occasion a still further delay,
while the formalities to be complied with at the Customs
frontier (which cannot be completely dispensed with on
account of non-registered luggage) would not be appreciably
accelerated or simplified.
(i) It is possible even now to have incoming registered
luggage examined at the place of destination when the
place in question has been marked as a station where
import duties are paid, provided passengers do not have
such luggage examined at the frontier station. At present
recourse is had to this right only in cases where the pas-
senger is not present on the arrival of the luggage at the
frontier station.
(;■) In the opinion of the Dutch Government, there is
no objection at present to the examination of hand luggage
on the train in frontier stations, cither on entering or
leaving the country. It was, moreover, decided some time
ago that at a number of frontier stations the examination
of outgoing registered luggage might be carried out on
the train during the stop. There arc, however, objections
— 46 —
to the examination of incoming registered luggage on the
train at frontier stations, and also to any examination
during the journey.
{k) In favour.
THROUGH SERVICES.
(/) In favour.
TRANSPORT OF EMIGRANTS.
(w) In favour.
— 47 —
NEW ZEALAND.
PASSPORTS.
1. Agreed.
2. Agreed.
3. Agreed. The fee required for the issue of a passport
in New Zealand is 10/-.
The Government of New Zealand agrees with the
recommendations of the Imperial Government to the effect
that passports should not be issued to persons other than :
(a) British subjects.
(6) Persons, the protection of whose interests abroad
have been entrusted to His Majesty's Government
by a Mandate of the League of Nations,
(c) Bona fide natives of British Protectorates and
British-protected States.
4. Diplomatic passports will not be issued by the
Government of New Zealand, but the status of diplomatic
persons will be authenticated by special visa.
5. Prehminary visas are granted in New Zealand free
of charge and this practice is to be continued.
6. Regulation No. 2 of the Second Schedule of the
War Regulations Continuance Act, 1920, provides that no
person over the age of 15 years shall leave New Zealand
for any place beyond the seas save in pursuance of a
written permit. The permit to leave New Zeahmd is
granted in the form of an exit visa to passport holders,
and must therefore remain in force until the above-
mentioned regulations arc revoked or amended.
— 48 —
7- Agreed, subject to the observations made with
regard to this paragraph by the Government of Great
Britain.
8. Agreed.
9. Agreed.
10. Agreed.
11. Agreed.
12. Agreed, subject to the observations made on this
subject by the Government of Great Britain.
13. Agreed.
— 49 —
NORWAY.
PASSPORTS.
The Norwegian Government would be quite willing
to carry out in a general manner the proposals of the
Paris Conference, on condition, however, that similar
measures were adopted by a considerable majority of
other countries, and subject to the restrictions and modi-
fications enumerated below.
The measures in question might, if adopted, be put
into force in Norway as from October ist, 192 1, pro\dded,
however, that the final drafting of the necessary provi-
sions and their promulgation can be effected before that
date.
The special reservations which the Government feels
bound to make with regard to the resolutions adopted by
the Paris Conference are clearly set forth below:
I. The Norwegian Government has no objection to
the suggested establishment of a uniform type of ordinary
passport (" international type "). It is, however, of opinion
that each country should exercise its discretion in the
choice of the quality, the colour, the watermark, etc., of
the paper used for its passports, as these are characteristic
features which may constitute a means of recognising the
issuing country and preventing forgeries. The uniform
type of passport should be employed not only by the
central authorities, but also by consulates and legations.
However, before using the new type, we reserve the right
to exhaust the stocks of passports of the form at present
in use.
It is desirable that the passports of the new type
issued for journeys between Norway, Sweden and Den-
mark should not contain more than eight to sixteen pages.
2 and 3. The Norwegian Government has no observa-
tions to make with regard to the provisions deahng with
the duration of validity of passports and the fee charged.
— 50 —
4- According to the provisions of Annex II to the
resolution, only the high officials of the household of a
Head of State, excluding the subordinate staff, would be
furnished with diplomatic passports. The Norwegian
Government finds this provision too Hmited. It considers
that when members of the Royal Household travel abroad,
all persons accompanying them should be furnished with
passports of the same form. It has always been the
custom in Norway to issue diplomatic passports to such
persons. The Norwegian Government has no observa-
tions to make with regard to Nos. 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Annex III.
5. The provision concerning prehminary visas calls for
no remark on the part of the Norwegian Government.
6. Not required.
7. The Norwegian Government presumes that in each
country the authorities entrusted with the granting of
visas will be entirely free to pursue any enquiry which
might appear justified by the request for visas submitted
to them. The authorities of each country should, more-
over, reserve discretionary power to refuse the visas
requested.
The Norwegian Government hesitated somewhat in
adhering to the proposal of the Conference, according to
which visas shall, as a general rule, be granted for one
year. It only adhered subject to the express reservation
that the competent authorities shall remain entirely free
to intervene in the case of any persons whose sojourn in
the country is considered incompatible with national safety.
Under this heading the Norwegian Government would
refer to the provisions of letter {e) of the recommendations
of the Paris Conference. It is, moreover, laid down that
each State shall every six months furnish certain inform-
ation to the Secretary-General of the League of Nations.
Not agreed : the Government considers that such commu-
nications would entail a large amount of unnecessary work.
8. The Norwegian Government has no observations
to make on the proposals drawn up by the Conference
with regard to fees charged for visas. It presumes, how-
ever, that these provisions wiU not apply when a visa is
requested by nationals of States which have not adhered
to them. In such cases, the Norwegian Government
proposes to continue to determine the fees charged on
the principle of reciprocity.
— 51 -
9, 10 and ii. As regards the provisions concerning
transit visas, the Norwegian Government, while it hesitates
to agree to the immediate issue of these visas without
enquiry solely upon production of the entrance vdsa for
the country of destination, would not oppose putting
these resolutions of the Conference into practice, provided
they are unanimously approved by the adhering countries.
12. Agreed.
13. The provisions dealing with collective passports for
emigrants call for no remark on the part of the Norwegian
Government.
Recommendations.
{a) The passport exemptions contemplated in the first
of these recommendations have already been put into
practice between Norway and Sweden under agreement
between the two Governments. Foreign sailors in pos-
session of identity cards are similarly exempt from pass-
port formahties in Norway. The Norwegian Government
will consider the question of granting passport exemptions
on a still larger scale in accordance with the recommend-
ation of the Conference.
{b) No entrance visa is at present required in Norway
for Norwegian nationals.
(c) An exit visa is not at present required in Norway
either for nationals or aliens.
(d) The measures recommended by the Conference
with regard to the entrance visa for passports not covering
all destinations are already generally carried out by the
Norwegian authorities who issue passport visas. The
Norwegian Government entirely approves of this practice.
But it is of opinion that it is neither necessary nor expedient
to conclude special agreements for this purpose with
foreign States.
(e) The Norwegian Government adheres in principle
to the recommendations of the Conference as regards
facilities of sojourn. It considers, however, that each
State should remain completely free to take any stejjs it
may consider necessary to this end.
(/) The Norwegian Government is of opinion that tlu;
measures recommended by the Conference with regard to
the simplification (^f passport formalities should, as far
— 52 —
as possible, be carried out. It wishes, however, to make
certain reservations concerning the proposal that author-
ities issuing a visa for the country of destination should
undertake the formalities necessary for the obtaining of
other visas, as, for example, transit visas. This provision
appears inevitably to impose on the authorities issuing
visas a task which falls naturally on private individuals
who desire to obtain a visa for their passports.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14. Already in force.
15. The Norwegian Government has no observations to
offer with regard to the proposals concerning passengers
in transit with money and scrip.
Recommendations.
ig) The Norwegian Government has no objection to
the suggestion that adjacent States should conclude agree-
ments among themselves for the establishm.ent of inter-
national stations in cases where local conditions render
this desirable.
(^0' (*)> U) The examination of luggage by Customs
officials is already carried out in Norway in conformity
with the recommendations made by the Conference.
(k) The question of the limitation of luggage calls for
no remark by the Norwegian Government.
THROUGH TICKETS.
16. Does not affect Norway.
GENERAL PUBLICITY.
17. The Norwegian Government has no remark to
make with regard to the recommendation of the Conference
that the League of Nations should periodically obtain from
the governments and publish any information of practical
value concerning the passport system and Customs form-
alities in force in the various countries.
On the other hand, as regards the publication of
information concerning passenger traffic, the Norwegian
Government desires to point out that the matter of
— 53 —
establishing new international tickets has, up to the
present, been dealt with by the establishment of railway
federations grouping the railway administrations of the
various countries interested.
According to the organisation adopted by these
federations, one of these national administrations per-
forms the administrative duties of the federation and,
in agreement with the other administrations belonging
to it, publishes the new tariffs for journe3's between the
States concerned, together with an}^ measures called for
by the establishment of new communications between
various countries, changes in the price of tickets, etc.
THROUGH SERVICES.
(/) The recommendations of the Conference with regard
to the estabUshment of direct international services calls
for the same observations on the part of the Norwegian
Government as the recommendation of the Conference
set forth under the heading " IV — General Publicity, (17)
Periodical Information."
TRANSPORT OF EMIGRANTS.
(w) The recommendations of the Conference concern-
ing the transport of emigrants do not appear to have
any practical bearing on Norway.
However, it need scarcely be said that the Norwegian
Government will always make every effort to ensure that
emigrants passing through Norway shall enjoy the same
facilities as those accorded to emigrants by the countries
whose transport services compete with the Norwegian
navigation companies.
54
POLAND.
PASSPORTS.
1. Agreed. The Polish Government cannot, however,
at present fix the date for the adoption of the new form.
2. In view of the necessity of definitely establishing
the nationaUty of the present holders of Polish passports,
the Government considers it desirable to retain for the
time being the passport vahd for one year.
3. The condition of the Polish Exchequer renders it
necessary to retain for a certain time the fees now levied
on the basis of the general Consular rate.
4. The Polish Government has already taken, or will
take in the immediate future, measures on the lines laid
down in this proposal.
5. The Polish Government has already taken, or will
take in the immediate future, the steps necessary to ensure
that preliminary visas will only be required by its agents
in cases where the validity of the passport and the visa
is subject to doubt. Such visas will always be given
gratis.
6. The Polish Government feels obliged to retain the
exit visa both for its nationals and for aliens, this visa
being essential for the lists of persons proceeding abroad.
7. The PoUsh Government has for some time been
considering the introduction of visas valid for several
journeys to Poland. Present conditions, it is true, render
it impossible to carry out this scheme to the extent desired
by the Conference; Polish representatives abroad, however,
will be authorised to issue visas for one month, valid for
a single journey, and visas for three months valid for
more than one journey.
8. The condition of the Polish Exchequer renders it
necessary to retain for a certain time the fees now levied
on the basis of the general Consular rate.
9. Measures in accordance with Article 9 have already
been adopted by the Polish Government.
— 55 —
10. Polish representatives abroad issue transit visas for
one month vahd for a single journey, and similar visas for
three months valid for more than one journey.
11. The condition of the Polish Exchequer renders it
necessary to retain for a certain time the fees at present
levied on the basis of the general Consular rate.
12. The Polish Government has decided to introduce
family visas. However, until further arrangements have
been made, the name of the wife of the traveller will be
inserted in the common passport only on payment of an
additional fee.
13. The Polish Government has already taken, or will
take in the near future, measures on the lines of this pro-
posal.
Recommendations .
The gradual restoration of normal international rela-
tions will enable the Polish Government to adapt its
regulations to the proposals contained in these paragraphs.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14. Agreed.
15. Agreed.
Recommendations.
ig) Agreed. .
{h) Agreed.
{i) Agreed.
(j) Agreed.
(k) Agreed.
GENERAL PUBLICITY.
17. Agreed.
THROUGH SERVICES.
(/) Agreed.
TRANSPORT OF EMIGRANTS.
(w) Agreed.
56 —
ROUMANIA.
The Roumanian Government approves of the pro-
visions contained in the first part of the Resolutions of
the Conference, i.e., the provisions dealing with the type
of passport, its issue and the granting of visas.
The provisions of the second part, which were not
considered to warrant definite invitations, i.e., the
provisions grouped together as recommendations under (a)
to (/), cannot be accepted by the Roumanian Government,
owing to the special circumstances of its present position.
The Roumanian Government has expressed no opinion
with regard to the resolutions and recommendations
on the subject of Customs Formalities and Through
Tickets.
— 57 —
SERB-CROAT-SLOVENE STATE.
PASSPORTS.
The reply of the Serb-Croat-Slovene State supplies
no information on the subject of passports.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
As regards Customs formalities, the Serb-Croat-Slovene
Government has forwarded the text of the Customs
Law with regard to examination of luggage in transit.
As a result of the exchange crisis, frequent modifications
must be made in the provisions regulating trade and the
circulation of foreign currencies. For this reason tra-
vellers who have in their possession foreign money must
be subjected to measures adopted for the purpose of
preventing the export of capital. The Minister of Finance,
however, has granted facilities to travellers in transit
through the Kingdom by issuing to them at the frontier
station by which they enter certificates mentioning
the amount of money in their possession, and permitting
them to take with them, on their departure, the amount
mentioned on this certificate.
THROUGH TICKETS.
As regards through tickets, the Serb-Croat-Slovcne
Government states that it approves of the paragraph
dealing with that question in the resolution of the Con-
ference on Passports.
58 —
SIAM.
The Siamese Government has accepted all the pro-
posals in the resolution and they will come into force
on July ist next.
— 59
SOUTH AFRICA
PASSPORTS.
1. Agreed.
2. Agreed.
3. Union of South Africa passports are issued only to
British subjects. Emergency certificates are issued to
persons who are not British subjects when such persons
are unable to obtain a national passport, owing to the
absence of a Consular representative in the Union, or in
cases where a person has lost his original nationality,
without having acquired another. No distinction is made
between nationals and non-nationals in regard to the fee
charged.
4. This type of passport is not issued in the Union
and so far there has been no occasion to issue one.
5. Preliminary visas are not granted in the Union of
South Africa.
6. Exit visas are necessary to leave the Union of South
Africa and, as they form a useful record especially for the
police, it is not desired to abandon the practice.
7. As the Union of South Africa has no Consular
representatives abroad and as admission to the Union
depends on the ability of the intending entrant to meet
the requirements of the Immigrants Regulation Act
(No 22 of 1913), entrance visas for the Union are, strictly
speaking, not granted, but visas to travel to the Union are
granted by His Majesty's Home Government and its
Consular representatives abroad, as well as by the pa.ssport
authorities of the British Dominions and Colonics. Any
visas granted in the Union are, however, valid for the
same period as the passport.
8. It will be obvious from the preceding remarks that
the Union Government does not regulate the charge for
visas to travel to the Union, but with regard to visas
— 60 —
granted in the Union to travel to other British territory,
the Union Government has adopted the principle of reci-
procity, i. e. the nationals of each State are charged a
fee equivalent to the fee charged a British subject by the
Government of the State in question for a similar visa.
9. The remarks under No. 7 apply also in this case.
10. Ditto.
11. The remarks under No. 8 apply in this case.
12. This system is at present in force in the Union of
South Africa.
13. This does not apply to Union conditions.
Recommendations.
{a) This does not apply to South African conditions.
{h) As British passports, unless otherwise endorsed, are
valid for travel in any part of the British Empire, entrance
visas to the Union of South Africa are not necessary in
the case of nationals.
(c) Holders of valid British passports leaving the
Union for other British territory do not require a visa.
(See {b).)
[d) The Union Government is in favour of this principle.
{e) There are no formalities in regard to sojourn in
the Union of South Africa as far as persons who are able
to meet the requirements of the Immigrants Regulation
Act (No. 22 of 1913) are concerned.
(J) Conditions in South Africa are such that the
adoption of this recommendation in so far as the Union
is concerned would not be necessary.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
Paragraphs 14 and 15. (Abolition of the examination
of registered baggage in transit, and passengers and
valuables in transit.)
In connection with the resolutions on these two subjects,
the Union Government of South Africa, while being pre-
pared to grant such facilities as far as possible, wishes to
state that the circumstances are somewhat peculiar in
South Africa, and this being so, such transit facilities can-
not always be given, for instance:
[a) Basutoland, Swaziland and the Bechuanaland
Protectorate do not form part of the Union ; nevertheless.
— 61 —
the Customs duties on goods intended for consumption
therein belong to the Union Treasury, and must be col-
lected at a Union port, for there are no Customs stations
in those territories on the Union borders thereof.
(b) The Union has Customs agreements with Southern
and Northern Rhodesia under which goods could not
pass in transit, say through the Union to Southern Rho-
desia, for the first-named is responsible for the collection
and the payment over of Customs duties to the Govern-
ment of the territory of actual destination.
The only exception under {b) would be that passengers'
baggage may be consigned in bond to warehousing stations
in Southern and Northern Rhodesia, but, of course, they
are only to be found in the larger centres of population
where such trade facilities are required.
The remarks under [a] and {b) apply to the transit
of valuables being, of course, the personal property of
passengers and not for the purpose of trade.
Recommendations .
{g) As will be gathered from the foregoing remarks on
Customs Formalities, the only bordering State South Africa
has from a Customs point of view is the Portuguese Province
of Mozambique, and, if desirable, there should be no diffi-
culty in arranging for a joint Customs examination, say at
Komati-Port. Legislation would, however, be necessary
to give the Portuguese authorities jurisdiction to enforce
the collection of their Customs duties within the Union
of South Africa territory.
(h) This recommendation does not apply to conditions
prevaihng in the Union.
(i) This can only be applied to a very limited extent
in the Union, for the only Customs stations away from the
ports are Kimberley, Pretoria, Johannesburg, Gcrmiston,
Bloemfontein, Pietersburg, Middelburg, and Pictcrmaritz-
burg.
(y) The Commissioner of Customs and Excise cannot
agree to the principle of examining baggage on trains.
If smuggling is contemplated, the articles to be smuggled
are usually contained in accompanied baggage or secreted
about the person, especially females, and the examin-
ation of the persons of passengers could not be carried
out in a train.
— 62 —
{k) This is inapplicable to passengers coming into
South Africa.
The Union Government Notice No. 1084 of 1914 deals
with the baggage of tourists thus :
"A refund of the duty originally paid will be made
on all articles not intended for consumption in the Union
imported by bona fide tourists for their use, convenience
or comfort, while in the Union, under the following con-
ditions:
"{a) The goods or articles must be re-exported within
a period of six months from the date of importation.
"{h) Due notice must be given to the Collector of
Customs at the port of shipment of the intention
to re-export the articles on which a refund of duty
will be claimed, and at the same time the owner
must produce proof of the original payment of
duty.
"(c) A certificate must be produced from a proper
officer of Customs that the goods referred to
therein have been duly shipped. "
THROUGH TICKETS.
This item appears particularly to concern States
participating in the operation of the Simplon-Orient
Express. There are.no through bookings made between
Europe and South Africa, and it is unlikely that arrange-
ments will be considered to bring such a system into
operation until normal times are restored.
The establishment, however, of a Publicity Branch for
the Union of South Africa in the High Commissioner's
Office is a step leading in that direction, and the matter
will doubtless receive consideration when the time is ripe
for such a course to be given a trial.
TRANSPORT OF EMIGRANTS.
All long-distance trains are composed of corridor
saloon stock throughout the Union of South Africa.
63 —
SPAIN.
PASSPORTS.
1. The new type of passport corresponding to that
recommended by the Conference has been issued.
2. Agreed.
3. Agreed.
4. No answer.
5. No answer.
6. No answer.
7. Agreed on condition of reciprocity. The diplo-
matic and consular representatives of Spain abroad
have received instructions to carry on the provisions
of this paragraph.
With regard to the other resolutions and recommend-
ations of the Conference, a reply has not yet been received
from the Ministries concerned.
— 64 —
SWEDEN.
PASSPORTS.
The Swedish Government states that some of the
measures proposed b}^ the Conference on Passports have
already been apphed by the Swedish authorities, but
that certain other proposals will not at present be put
into force. There would be considerable risk in allowing
a number of persons whose presence is incompatible with
the interests of the country to extend their stay in
Sweden.
As regards the proposal to fix a maximum for the
fees which may be charged for the visa, the Swedish
Government is perfectly ready to take part in a discussion
on this question, if the other Governments concerned
are disposed to do the same.
The Swedish Government considers that the establish-
ment of a uniform type of ordinary passport would encou-
rage forgery and fraudulent reproduction. The Swedish
Government, however, would also be willing to discuss
this point.
The Swedish Government has expressed no opinion
with regard to the resolutions and recommendations
on the subject of Customs Formalities and Through
Tickets.
65 —
SWITZERLAND.
PASSPORTS.
I and 2. The Swiss Government will forward its
decision later.
3. Agreed.
4. Agreed.
5. Agreed.
6. Agreed.
7. Agreed as regards passports valid for a single
journey. In the case of passports valid for two years,
it admits that the visa should be vaHd for one year in
all cases where special agreements are entered into with
other States. This is already the case as regards France,
Great Britain, U. S.A., Belgium and the Netherlands.
8. The Federal Council gives its adherence to the
proposed maximum fee of 10 francs (gold) for the visa
issued by its representatives in European countries
entitling the holder to make a single journey.
As regards ordinary visas for one year granted by the
Swiss authorities to nationals of States with which special
agreements have been entered into, a fee of 10 francs
(gold) will be charged on condition that these States do
not impose a higher charge.
9. Agreed.
10. Agreed.
11. The Federal Council will alwlish tlie present
fee of 5 francs and will in principle adopt a fee of i franc
(gold) for transit visas.
12. Will forward its decision later.
13. The Federal Council will only recognise colUrtive
passports for emigrants in transit in the exceptional
cases of convoj^'s of emigrants. Emigrants travelling
with collective passports will pay the vi^^a fees in accord-
ance with the rules laid flown for ordinary piussengcrs.
— 66 —
All that has been said in reply to the various resolu-
tions enumerated in this proposal applies also to emigrants
in possession of collective passports.
Recommendations.
(a) In favour.
(b) In favour.
(c) In favour.
{d) Not in favour.
(e) Switzerland has for a long time granted holders
of passports provided with regular visas all such facilities
for sojourn as are compatible with her health regulations,
economic situation and the interests of her national
security.
(/) The Federal Council regards as impracticable the
conclusion of agreements to enable the authority issuing
a visa for the country of destination to undertake the
necessary formahties for obtaining other visas, as for
example transit visas.
Switzerland is endeavouring to give ever -increasing
travelling facilities to foreigners entering or leaving her
territory. A very large number of measures have already
been adopted to secure this object, and agreements have
been reached with adjacent States whenever new arrange-
ments could be made without prejudice to the political,
moral and economic security of Switzerland.
The Pohtical Department adds that in Switzerland
the Customs and passport formalities generally take place
simultaneously.
CUSTOMS FORMALITIES.
14-
Agreed.
15-
Agreed.
OM'i
(g)
mendations.
In favour.
(^0
In favour.
(0
In favour.
(;■)
In favour.
ik)
In favour.
— 67 —
GENERAL PUBLICITY.
17. Agreed.
THROUGH SERVICES.
(/) In favour.
TRANSPORT OF EMIGRANTS,
(m) In favour.
68
VENEZUELA.
1. Agreed.
2. No answer.
3. No answer.
4. Agreed.
5. No answer.
6. No answer.
7. No answer.
8. The fee for a visa is 10 bolivars. This fee must
be paid on entry into the territory of the Republic and
is proved by stamps affixed to the document bearing
the signatures of the parties concerned.
No charge will be made for the visa on passports
in the case of persons who come as emigrants to take
up their residence in the country.
The Venezuelan Government has expressed no opinion
with regard to the resolutions and recommendations
on the subject of Customs Formalities and Through
Tickets.
— 69 —
I. ABOLITION OF VISA.
The necessity of a visa has been abolished for their
respective nationals between:
Belgium and China,
,, ,, Great Britain,
„ ,, Netherlands,
,, ,, Switzerland,
,, Uruguay.
Denmark and Norway,
,, ,, Sweden.
France and Great Britain,
,, ,, Netherlands,
,, ,, Switzerland.
Norway and Sweden.
Netherlands and Italy,
Netherlands and Switzerland.
Switzerland and United States,
,, ,, Lichtenstein,
Luxemburg,
,, ,, Sweden,
„ Uruguay.
Moreover, the Belgian Government has abolished
the necessity of a visa for the nationals of Italy, Japan,
and the United States.
II. ABOLITION OF PASSPORT.
The necessity of a passport has been abolished for
Belgian, French, and Luxemburg nationals between
Belgium, France and Luxemburg.
— 70 —
Results of the Graz Conference.
The following proposals were adopted by the Con-
ference :
(a) Uniform type of passport — The duration of vaH-
dity of passport shall be at least one year, save in excep-
tional cases, when issued for a single journey. — The fee
charged for the issue shall not be of a fiscal character.
(b) Preliminary visas shall only be required in case
the vahdity of the passport is subject to doubt. Such
visas shall always be given free of charge.
(c) Abolition of exit visas.
(d) Entrance visas shall in principle be valid for the
same period as the duration of vahdity of the passport. —
The fee charged for an entrance visa valid for one year
shall be ten gold francs.
(e) Transit visas shall be issued as a rule without
enquiry and shall have the same validity as that of the
visa of destination. — The fee charged for a transit visa
shall be one gold franc.
These various decisions, together with a certain
number of others of the same nature, were made the
subject of a Convention between the Succession States
of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.
In the case of certain States, it is provided that ratifi-
cation should take place in the near future. Provision
is further made for the subsequent adhesion of other
States.
BARCELONA CONFERENCE
VERBATIM REPORTS AND TEXTS
RELATING TO THE CONVENTION
ON FREEDOM OF TRANSIT
March-April, 1921
English text, 328 pp 10/-
VERBATIM REPORTS AND TEXTS
RELATING TO THE CONVENTION
ON THE
REGIME OF NAVIGABLE WATERWAYS
OF INTERNATIONAL CONCERN AND THE
DECLARATION RECOGNISING THE RIGHT
TO A FLAG OF STATES HAVING NO
SEA-COAST — March-April, 192 1
English text 15/-
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THE GENERAL SITUATION
OF TRANSPORTS IN 1921
STATEMENTS PRESENTED BY THE STATES WHICH
TOOK J'AKT AT THE FIRST GENERAL CONFILKENCl-: ON
COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSIT HELD AT HAKCia.ONA
IN MAKCH-APKIL. 1921. WITH AN INTRODUCTION liV
Professor Tajani
English text (2 vols.) i' r
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