Skip to main content

Full text of "African Repository"

See other formats 


LI13R  Y 

OF  THE 

Theological  Seminary, 

PRINCETON,  N.  J. 

^ aivis,on..,-Z~ 

Shelf ^ i^grti.-si, 

Book, No,...  - 


I 


THE 


/ 

AFRICAN  REPOSITORY. 


VOL.  XXVII— 1851. 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY 


BT  TBK 


AMEUICAN  COLONIZATION  SOCIETY. 

AT  ONE  DOLLAR  PER  ANNUM. 


WASHINGTON: 

C.  ALEXANDER,  PRINTER. 

P STREET,  NEAR  NATT  DEPARTMENT, 

1851. 


• 

• ^ 


I 

% 


1 ^ ♦ 


'1,1  3 'I  , Jj  i H A X J4*i  A 
li«l 


INDEX 


TO  THE 


TWENTY-SEVENTH  VOLUME  OF  THE  AFRICAN  REPOSITORY. 


A. 


Page. 

Address  of  Rev.  James  A.  Lyon  on 
the  Missionary  aspect  of 
African  Colonization. ..  .1,  11 
Hon.  Henry  Clay  at  the 
34th  annual  meeting  of  the 
American  Colonization  So- 
ciety  105 

Rev.  Dr.  Breckenridge  be- 
fore the  Kentucky  Coloni- 
zation Society 1'29,  156 

E.  H.  Derby  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Colonization  Society  311 
B.  C.  Clark  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Colonization  Society  343 


Aft  •ica,  shape  of 214 

Interior  of  (Boston  Traveller)  275 

Western  (Traveller) 282 

Redeemed  (poetry  by  Tupper)  315 
African  Colonization,  Missionary  as- 


Colonization  (Mo.  Bruns  wick- 
er)  22 

race,  benevolence  to  the  (Puri. 

tan  Recorder) 203 

geographical  discoveries. ....  211 
Colonization,  by  a man  of 

color 259 

Colonization  Ion  ” — Balti- 
more Sun) 280 

cotton  (Tribune) 315 

Colonization  (Christian  States- 
man)  322 

Colonization  (St.  Louis  Chris- 
tian Advocate) 346 

Alida,  sailing  of  the 100 

Alexander  High  School  (Presbyte- 
rian Herald) 143 


A. 


Page. 


American  Colonization  Society,  an- 
nual meeting  of 63 

Receipts,  November  20  to 

December  20  1850 28 

December  20  to  January  20  63 
January  20  to  February  20  91 
February  20  to  March  20  125 

March  20  to  A pril  20 158 

April  20  to  May  20 190 

May  20  to  June  20 221 

June  20  to  July  20 2.53 

July  20  to  August  20 284 

August  20  to  September  20  313 
September  20  to  October  20  351 
October  20  to  November  20  383 

34th  Annual  Report  of 65 

minutes  of34th  annual  meet- 
ing   85 

minutes  of  the  Board  of  Di- 
rectors  87 

receipts  and  expenditures 

for  1850 96 

its  objects,  by  the  Rev.  J. 

M.  Pease 273 

American  Colonization  Society  (Hol- 

ston  Christian  Advocate)..  251 

annual  meeting  of  the 63 

Analogy  between  the  Anglo-Ameri- 
can and  the  Liberian,  (communica- 
ted by  G.  S.  L.  Starks) 345 

Arden,  Mrs.  C.  B.,  bequest  of 147 

B. 

Baltimore  Conference  on  Colonization  198 

Benson,  S.  A.,  letters  from 100,  270 

Bequests  by  Mrs.  Arden  ofN.  J "147 

Benevolence  to  the  African  race  (Puri- 
tan Recorder.) 208 


IT 


INDEX. 


B. 

Page. 

Blacklidge,  A.,  letter  from 252 

Blyden,  Edward,  letter  from 266 

British  Consul  at  Liberia 22 

Brazilian  law  against  the  slave  trade  25 
Breckenridge,  Rev.  Dr.,  his  address 
before  the  Kentucky  Colonization 

Society 129,  156 

Bushnell,  Rev.  A.,  letter  from 212 

Brazilian  slave  trade — Lord  Palmers- 
ton’s statements  in  Parliament. 307,  309 

C. 


Gape  Mesurado  (communicated)....  305 
Clark,  B.  C.,  his  address  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Massachusetts  Col- 
onization Society 313 

Christian  Statesman  (editorial  notice)  281 

Close  of  the  volume  (editorial) 353 

Clay,  Hon.  H.,  his  address  at  the 
34th  annual  meeting  of  the  Ameri- 
can Colonization  Society 105 

Committee  of  Correspondence  for 

OQiio 20 

Cost  of  Colonization 157 

Colonization,  cost  of 157 

progress  of,  in  the  South  (ed- 
itorial)  183 

its  true  position  and  rela- 
tions (editorial) 193 

movement 252 

and  Liberia  (N.  Y.  Spec’r.)  309 
in  Connecticut  (editorial) . . . 331 
African  (St.  Louis  Christian 

Advocate) 346 

(Rochester  American) 349 

College  in  Liberia  (editorial) 161 

(poetry) 203 

(New  Englander) 271 

Connecticut  Colonization  Society — 

election  of  officers 251 

Colored  races  (N.  Y.  Spectator). . . . 276 
Condition  of  the  colored  people  (Chris- 
tian Observer) 302 

Condition  and  prospects  of  the  color- 
ed population  in  the  Canadas  (edi- 
torial)   326 

Cooper,  Captain  J.  M.,  letter  from..  327 
Connecticut,  the  cause  of  Coloniza- 
tion in  (editorial) 331 

Corcoran  & Riggs,  letter  from 334 

D. 

Di.scovery  of  Lake  Ngami 43 

Delaware,  free  negroes  in. 157 

Drayton,  Rev.  D.  J.,  letter  from 229 

Donation,  a handsome  (editorial)...  292 

do.  (do.) 334 

Derby,  E.  H.,  his  address  at  the  an- 
nual meeting  of  the  Massachusetts 
Colonization  Society 311 


E. 

Page. 


Ebony  Line  (Pennsylvanian) 52 

Ellis,  Rev.  H.  W.,  letter  from 2 

Emancipation,  letter  from  W.  E. 

Surtees 282 

Emigrants  by  the  Liberia  Packet 24 

brig  Alida 151 

barque  Baltimore 154 

brig  Sea  Mew 184 

Liberia  Packet 283 

barque  Zeno 350 

barque  Morgan  Dix 376 

Emigrants  by  the  Liberia  Packet, 

character  of. 42 

Emigrants,  table  of. 149 

departure  of  (Journal  of 

Commerce) 355 

Emigration  to  Liberia  (Nat.  Tnt.). . . 321 
to  Trinidad  and  Jamaica 

(editorial) 325 

to  Liberia,  letter  from  Con- 
necticut  339 

Example  for  Abolitionists 49 

Exploration  of  the  African  rivers  (ed- 
itorial)  279 

Expedition  to  Liberia  (editorial)  .308,  354 
Exclusion  of  negroes  Rom  Indiana. . 316 
Expedition  into  the  interior  of  Africa  316 


P. 


Fencing  in  Liberia  (Liberia  Herald)  207 
Free  blacks  (Philadelphia  Bulletin)..  150 

Free  negroes  in  Delaware 157 

Forbes,  Lieutenant,  refutation  of  his 

charge  against  Liberia 179 

Foote,  Captain  A.  H.,  letter  from. . . 216 
Free  people  of  color  in  the  United 

States  (editorial) 258 

Do.  (Pr.  Herald) 337 

Fos'er,  H.  W. , letter  from 268 

Free  colored  people  in  New  York 

City  (editorial) .321 

Freeman,  Rev.  J.  J.,  death  of 340 

Free  negroes  and  colonization  (Louis- 
ville Journal) 204 

G. 

Good  advice  (editorial) 157 

Gray,  Charles,  letter  from 265 

Gurley,  Rev.  R.  R.,  report  of  (edi- 
torial)  33 

Gurney,  Samuel,  vote  of  thanks  to 
him  by  the  Liberia  Legislature. .. . 200 
Good  testimony  (Baltimore  Clipper)..  334 


H. 


Harris,  Sion,  letter  from 18 

Hanson,  Rev.  Mr.,  appointed  British 

Consul  at  Liberia 22 

Harris,  D.  T.,  letters  from 58,  379 


INDEX. 


V 


H. 

Page. 


Harris,  Samuel  D.,  letter  from 231 

Hanson,  A.  W.,to  President  Roberts.  317 

Hill,  Robert  F.,  letter  from 231 

Humphrey,  Rev.  Dr.,  letter  from  (N. 

Y.  Obs.)..- 39 

on  colonization  (six  arti- 
cles from  the  New  York 
Observer) 362 

I. 

Illinois,  prospects  in 49 

Interior  of  Africa  (Traveler) 275 

Indiana,  exclusion  of  free  negroes 

from 316 

Items  from  the  Lib.  Herald. . . .7,  189,  252 

Items  of  Intelligence 315 

Interesting  letter  (Balt.  Clipper) 359 

J. 

Jackson,  Isaac,  letter  from 269 

Johnson,  Susan  Ann,  letter  from. . . . 268 
Jamaica  and  Trinidad,  emigration  to 
(edit.) 325 

L. 

Lake  Ngami  and  River  Zonga 43 

Lewis,  Gen.  J.  N.,  letter  from 98 

Legislature  of  Liberia,  respecting  na- 
vigation, commerce,  and  revenue..  232 

Letter  from  Connecticut 339 

Liberia,  late  from 5,  225,  247 

Liberia  Packet,  sailing  of  the 22,  245 

Life  members  of  the  American  Col. 

Society,  constituted  in  1850 22 

Livingston,  Rev.  D.,  letter  from, 
respecting  the  discovery  of  Lake 

Ngami 43 

Liberia,  Republic  of  (Maine  Farmer) . 50 

Letter  from  an  officer  of  the 

African  squadron 54 

Latest  intelligence  from  (edit.)  97 
and  slavery,  refutation  of  the 

charge  of  Lieut.  Forbes 179 

Herald, items  from  the.  .7, 189,  252 
Missions  (Home  and  Foreign 

Jour.) 272 

(New  Bedford  Mercury) ....  276 
from  London  and  Edinburgh 

(edit.) 293 

(Chambers’  Ed.  Journal). . . . 293 

(London  Watchman) 298 

emigration  to  (Nat.  Int.) 321 

Lyon,  Rev.  James  A.,  his  address  on 
the  missionary  aspect  of  col 11 

M. 

Marston,  Captain  J.,  letter  from 341 

Mediation  of  the  Liberian  Government 
(edit.) 194 


V M. 

Page. 


Mass.  Colonization  Society,  anniver- 
sary of. 198 

Merrill,  Thomas  D.,  his  bequests. . . 302 
Missionary  aspect  of  African  Coloni- 
zation  I,  11 

Missouri  Colonization  Society 198 

Miller,  Hon.  J.  W.,  extract  from  his 

fourth  of  July  oration. 248 

Morgan  Dix,  sailing  of  the 354 

Monrovia,  view  of  (editorial) 51 

Moore,  James,  letter  from 269 

Death  of  (edit.) 325 

Movement  for  African  Colonization 

(Chr.  Statesman) , 322 

Murray,  R.  E.,  letter  to  Rev.  Dr. 
Fuller 335 

N. 

New  York  Colonization  Journal  (edi- 
torial)  25 

New  York  State  Colonization  Society, 
anniversary  of  the 197 

O. 

Orcutt,  Rev.  J.,  report  of 332 

P. 

Poindexter,  Hon.  George,  his  letter  to 

George  N.  Sanders,  Esq 53 

Progress  of  Colonization  in  the  South 

(editorial) 183 

Pease,  Rev.  J.  M.,  a short  sermon  by 

him  on  Colonization 200 

his  account  of  an  interesting 

case  of  self-emancipation 250 

his  article  on  the  objects  of  the 
American  Col.  Society 273 

R. 

Rambo,  Rev.  J.,  letter  from 227 


Receipts  of  the  American  Colonization 
Society,  28,  63,  91,  125,  158,  190,  221, 


253,  284,  318,  351,  383 
Republic  of  Liberia  ( Maine  Farmer) . 50 

(Traveller) 318 

letter  from  on  offi- 
cer of  the  African 

squadron 54 

Religious  intelligence  from  Africa. ...  46 

Report  (34th  annual)  of  the  Ameri- 
can Colonization  Society 65 

Report  (1st  annual)  of  the  Trustees 
of  Donations  for  Education  in  Libe- 
ria  161 

Report  (annual)  of  the  Virginia  Colo- 
nization Society 234 

Report  of  Rev.  J.  Orcutt 332 

Roberts,  Dr.  H.  J.,  letter  from 18 


VI 


INDEX. 


R. 

Paje. 

Roberts,  President,  letters  from . . . .98,  311 
annual  message  of. . . 114 
letter  to  A. G. Phelps  270 

Rum  in  Africa 50 

Rutherford,  Thomas,  letter  from 214 

Russwurm,  Gov.,  death  of  (editorial) . 324 
the  late  (action  of  the 
Md.  State  Coloni- 
zation Society,  and 
of  the  Protestiint 


Episcopal  Mission 
at  Cape  Palmas).. . 356 

S. 

Sailing  of  the  Liberia  Packet 22 

brig  Alida 100 

barque  Baltimore 146 

Liberia  Packet 245 

Morgan  Dix 354 

Seymour,  George  L., letter  from 267 

Seys,  Rev.  John,  letter  of 184 

Self-emancipation,  an  interesting  case 

of 250 

Shedd,  Dr.  Josiah,  bequests  of 382 

Sketclies  of  Liberia,  No.  8 25 

conclusion 59 

notice  of. 147 


Slave  trade,  number  of  vessels  and 
slaves  captured  by  the 
British  squadron  from 
1840  to  1848  inclusive. . 148 
extinction  of  the  (Tri- 
bune)  347 

Lord  Palmerston’s  state- 
ments in  Parliament,  307,309 

Snow.  D.  J.,  letter  from 49 

Smith,  Dr.  J.  S. , letters  from. . . .103,  228 
Steamers  and  Colonization,  letter  from 
G.  Poindexter  to  G.  N.  Sanders. . . 53 

Steam  saw-mill  for  Liberia 146 

Stoddard,  Henry,  letter  from 292 

Steamships  to  Africa  (Nashville 
Union) .' 209 


S. 

Page. 


Starks,  George  S.  L.,  his  article  on 
the  analogy  between  the  Anglo- 

American  and  the  Liberian 345 

Swedish  project  of  a colony  on  the 
Western  coast  of  Africa 245 

T. 

Taylor,  E.  Douglass,  letter  from 329 

Teage,  Hilary,  letters  from 199,  269 

The  prospect  (editorial) 290 

Tract  on  emigration  to  Liberia,  pre- 
mium offered  for  the  best 272 

Tract  on  Colonization  (Sab.  Re- 
corder)  301 

Tupper,  M.  F.,  his  poem,  Africa  re- 
deemed  315 

Trinidad  or  Liberia  (editorial) 359 

V. 

View  of  Monrovia 51 

Virginia  Colonization  Society,  annual 

report  of  the 234 

Vermont  Colonization  Society,  annual 

meeting  of  the 348 

Virginia  Conference  on  Col 382 

W. 

Washington,  Augustus,  letter  from. . £59 

Warner,  D.  B.,  letter  from 99 

Waldo,  Miss,  her  bequests 148 

West,  Henry  M.,  letter  from 203 

Western  Africa  (Traveller) 282 

Where  shall  they  go.>  (Dr.  Hum- 
phrey)  39 

Williams,  Henry  M.,  letter  from. ..  19 

Wood,  Robert,  letters  from' 53,  102 

Y. 

Yancey,  Charles,  letter  from  Lieut. 
Joseph  Abney  respecting  him 206 


r 


THE 


AFRICAN  REPOSITORY. 


VoL.  XXVII.] 


WASHINGTON,  DECEMBER,  18oI. 


[No.  12. 


Close  of  the  Volume. 

The  present  iiumLer  closes  the  [ of  truth  respecting  our  operations, 
twenty-seventh  volume  of  the  Afri-  |j  and  of  the  necessity  of  a periodical, 
can  Repository.  And,  in  review'-  j!  to  which  reference  can  he  made  for 


ing  the  various  events  connected 
with  the  operations  of  the  American 
Colonization  Society,  since  the  com- 
mencement of  this  publication,  as 
also  in  view  of  the  increasing  favor 
which  both  the  Society  and  the 
Repository  are  receiving  in  various 
parts  of  the  country,  we  feel  that 
we  have  great  cause  for  encourage- 
ment in  this  department  of  our 
labors.  Though  the  revenue  de- 
rived from  this  source  does  not  ex-  [ 
ceed  the  necessary  expenses  in-  I 
curred  in  its  publication — the  amount 
received  from  paying  subscribers  be- 
ing scarcely  sufficient  to  meet  the  | 
cost  of  paper  and  printing;  yet,  we  | 
doubt  not  that  the  increasing  inte- 
rest which  the  cause  of  Coloniza- 
tion is  receiving  throughout  the  j 
country  may  be  attributed,  in  no 
small  degree  to  the  circulation  ofi 
the  Repository.  And,  in  view  ofi 

the  importance  of  the  dissemination 

23  i 


all  the  prominent  facts  relative  to 
the  operations  of  the  Society,  we 
consider  this  publication  as  a neces- 
sary auxiliary  to  the  successful 
prosecution  of  our  labors  in  carry- 
ing out  the  great  objects  contem- 
plated by  the  founders  of  the  Colo- 
nization enterprise — the  establishing 
of  an  asylum  in  Africa  for  all  the 
free  people  of  color,  who  may  de- 
sire to  emigrate,  and  affording  them 
the  necessary  facilities  for  so  doing. 

In  conducting  the  Repository,  we 
have  endeavored,  and  we  shall  con- 
tinue to  endeavor,  to  the  best  of  our 
ability,  to  render  it  interesting  to 
our  friends,  and  not  offensive  to 
those  who  may  be  opposed  to  the 
cause.  And  we  earnestly  request 
that  our  friends  will  do  vj;hat  they 
can  to  increase  its  circulation,  and 
thus  to  aid  us  in  carrying  on  the 
good  work  of  African  Coloniza- 
lion. 


354 


Sailing  of  the  Morgan  Dix. 


[December, 


Next  Expeditions  to  Liberia. 


We  have  made  arrangements  to 
send  an  expedition  from  Baltimore 
and  Savannah,  in  the  Liberia  Packet, 
to  sail  from  Baltimore  positively  on 
the  31st  instant,  (December,)  and 
from  Savannah  on  tlie  10th  proximo, 
(January.)  We  have  dispatched  an 
agent  to  Charleston,  Augusta,  and 
Savannah,  Mr.  George  W.  S.  Hall, 
for  the  purpose  of  making  all  neces- 
sary arrangements  with  reference  to 
emigrants  from  those  cities,  and 
other  parts  of  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia.  As  we  shall  not  probably 
send  another  expedition  from  that 
part  of  the  country  during  the  en- 
suing year,  we  hope  all  who  desire 
to  emigrate  to  Liberia  will  en- 
deavor to  be  in  readiness  by  the  time 
appointed  for  the  sailing  of  the 
Packet ; and  will  report  themselves 
immediately  to  this  office,  and  to 
Mr.  Hall  as  soon  as  practicable. 
Those  persons  in  this  section  of  the 
country,  who  wish  to  embark  at 


Baltimore,  will  please  give  us  imme- 
diate notice,  and  will  make  their 
arrangements  to  reach  that  city  on 
or  before  the  30/A  instant. 

We  have  also  made  arrangement."! 
to  dispatch  a vessel  from  JVew  Or- 
leans on  the  10th  proximo,  (Janua- 
ry,) to  sail  certainly  on  that  day  ; of 
which  applicants  for  emigration  in 
the  West  and  Southwest  will  please 
take  notice;  for  unless  they  shall 
reach  that  city  before  that  day,  they 
will  probably  be  disappointed. 

Our  agent  for  Alabama,  IMississip- 
pi,  and  Louisiana, /Ae  Rev.  J.  Morris 
Pease,  is  now  in  the  South.  All  per- 
sons who  wish  to  embark  for  Libe- 
ria, at  New  Orleans,  wdll  please  in- 
form us  immediately,  and  also  report 
themselves  to  Mr.  Pease  as  soon  as 
practicable,  or  to  Thomas  Allen 
Clarke,  Esq.,  of  New  Orleans. 

We  are  thus  particular  in  giving 
notice,  to  prevent  any  disappoint- 
ment or  delay. 


Sailing  of  the 
In  our  present  number  will  be  | 
found  a list  of  one  hundrednnd foidy- 
ntVte  emigrants  sent  to  Liberia  by  the  j 
American  Colonization  Society  in 
the  barque  Morgan  Dix,  which  sailed 
from  Baltimore  on  the  1st  day  of  I 
November  Of  tliese  emigrants,  97  j 
were  free-born  persons,  princi[)ally  I 
from  the  valley  of  Virginia,  6 pur-; 
chased  their  freedom  or  were  pur- 


Morgan  Dix. 

chased  by  their  relatives,  and  46 
were  emancipated  slaves,  33  of 
I whom  were  manumitted  by  the  will 
I of  the  late  Miss  Margaret  Miller,  of 
Culpeper  county,  Virginia,  who  left 
all  her  property  to  be  appropriated 
j for  their  benefit. 

j John  Smith,  a good  practical  en- 
I gineer,  from  Winchester,  with  Harri- 
son Murry,  and  others,  composing 


1851.] 


Sailing  of  the  Morgan  Dix. 


355 


a joint  stock  company,  carried  with 
tliem  a steam  saw-mill,  to  be  located 
in  the  county  of  Grand  Bassa. 

Several  of  these  - emigrants  are 
men  of  considerable  intelligence  and 
enterprise ; and  we  trust  that  they 
will  prove  to  be  a valuable  acquisi- 
tion to  the  Liberian  Republic. 

[Correspondence  of  the  Journal  of  Commerce.] 

DEPARTURE  OF  EMIGRANTS. 

Baltimore,  Nov.  5,  1851. 

On  Saturday  last,  the  arrange- 
ments for  the  departure  of  the  banpie 
Morgan  Dix,  Captain  Coward,  for 
Africa,  being  complete,  she  set  sail 
for  the  promised  laud  of  the  Ameri- 
co- African.  It  was  an  hour  of  deep 
interest  to  those  who  for  the  first 
time  in  their  lives  had  adventured 
so  great  an  enterprise  as  to  leave 
their  native  laud,  in  which  they 
could  scarcely  ever  be  said  to  have 
independence,  on  account  of  their 
peculiar  relation  to  the  whites,  and 
embark  on  the  ocean  for  a distant 
and  almost  unknown  land.  But  the 
African  mind  is  rousing  itself  from 
its  torpor.  It  aims  at  its  own  re- 1 
generation.  Noble  is  the  charity,  I 
anaiii  and  aijain  recorded  in  your 

O O J I 

columns,  of  the  wealthy  and  the 
liberal,  who  have  paid  for  the  free- 
dom of  those  in  bondage ; but  how 
shall  we  estimate — who  can  help 
admiring  the  energies  of  the  man, 
who  by  his  own  irrepressible  indus- 
try earns  five  hundred,  a thousand, 
or  it  may  be  (it  has  been)  fifteen 
hundred  dollars,  to  buy  himself,  or 
hmself,  and  wife,  or  himself,  wife 
and  family.  Such  a man  will  make 
the  African  desert  bud  and  blossom. 
These  are  occunent  cases.  Of  the 
one  hundred  and  fifty-one  that  em- 
barked on  Saturday,  thirty-five  were 
emancipated  by  their  mistress,  with 


the  view  of  settling  them  comforta- 
bly in  Liberia,  for  which  she  fur- 
nished them  with  abundant  means. 
The  majority  were  nominally  free, 
i.  e.  they  were  not  slaves,  and  they 
go  to  be  the  free,  indeed,  the  citi- 
zens of  the  Liberian  Republic.  If 
some  natural  tears  were  shed  at 
parting  with  their  friends,  the  pre- 
vailing sentiment  was  joy,  or  that 
cheerful  excitement  arising  out  of 
the  novelty  of  the  scene,  and  the 
opening  prospects  before  them.  One 
man — a father — took  11  children 
with  him,  and  left  as  many  behind, 
perhaps  at  some  future  day  to  fol- 
low 1 Can  any  one  doubt  whether 
the  Republic  will  be  populous  i The 
numerous  children  of  this  emigra- 
tion were  bright,  happy  and  noisy. 
I seldom  see  a black  inf  ut  but  my 
heart  saddens  at  the  reflection  of 
the  poor  inheritance  to  which  it  is 
born — an  inheritance  of  fear,  sor- 
row, abjection,  arising  from  the 
pride,  prejudice,  and  |>ower  of  the 
possessors  of  the  land.  But  the 
poor  child  on  the  way  to  its  own 
rightful  land  ! That  looks  altogether 
different.  Now  you  have  a good 
and  cheering  certainty  before  you. 
Behold  them  there  1 

Rev.  Mr.  Paine,  of  Liberia,  in- 
formed me  there  was  in  the  children 
running  about  in  their  towns  an 
elasticity,  a joyousness,  and  even  a 
healthiness  not  to  be  found  iti  the 
land  of  their  bondage.  What  bright 
generations  rise  before  the  contem- 
plative eye!  One  of  the  emigrants 
has  on  board  a good  steam  saw- 
mill, which,  worked  by  his  skill, 
will  be  of  great  use.  One  after 
another  the  elements  of  an  ad- 
vancing cirilization  will  be  intro- 
duced into  that  late  barbarous  coun- 
try, and  the  problem  of  emancipa- 
tion will  eventually  be  fully  solved. 
Other  emigrations  are  to  follow  this, 
and  let  the  Colonization  Society  be 


356 


The  laie  Governor  Russwurm. 


[December, 


funiislied  with  the  means, and  she  will 
multiply  them  indelinitely.  And 
when  the  Ebony  line  shall  be  in  full 
operation,  the  expense  of  passage, 
provisions,  &c.,  will  be  materially 
reduced. 

Two  of  the  thirty-five  alluded  to 


in  the  foregoing  communication  did 
not  go  in  the  IMorgan  Dix  ; conse- 
quently, the  whole  number  was,  as 
we  have  stated,  one  hundred  and 
forty-nine. 


The  late  Governor  Russwurm. 


In  our  last  number  we  noticed 
briefly  the  death  of  Governor  Russ- 
wurm, who  so  long  and  so  faithfully 
presided  over  the  colony  of  Mary- 
land in  Liberia.  We  now  lay  be- 
fore our  readers  a more  extet)ded 
notice  of  the  lamented  deceased, 
from  the  Christian  Statesman  ; also 
the  action  of  the  Board  of  Mana- 
gers of  the  Maryland  State  Coloni- 
zation Society  at  Baltimore,  and  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Mission  at 
Cape  Palmas  in  Liberia,  in  reference 
to  his  character  and  services : 

THE  LATE  GOVEUNOR  RUSSWURM. 

The  Maryland  State  Colonization 
Society,  at  a meeting  held  on  the 
2lst  of  October,  passed  unanimously 
the  following  resolutions  : 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  have 
heard  with  profound  regret  of  the 
death  of  John  B.  Russwurm,  the 
State  Society’s  agent  on  the  coast 
of  Africa,  and  Governor  of  Mary- 
land in  Liberia,  and  desire  to  express 
their  high  appreciation  of  his  cha- 
racter and  services. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  opinion  of 
this  Board,  Mr.  Russwurm,  as  the 
first  colored  Governor  appointed  to 
that  office  in  Liberia,  vindicated,  by 
the  eminent  ability  of  his  adminis- 
tration, the  perfect  fitness  of  his  race 
for  the  most  improtant  political  po- 


sitions in  Africa,  and  won  for  him- 
self a lasting  and  honorable  fame. 

Resolved,  That  this  Board  deem  it 
their  duty  here  to  record,  that  in  the 
period  of  fifteen  years,  during  which 
he  was  their  agent,  they  never  had 
a single  oecasion  to  censure  or  find 
fault  with  his  conduct  in  his  official 
or  private  character. 

Resolved,  That  in  order  to  perpet- 
uate the  memory  of  one  so  worthy, 
this  Board  will  cause  a marble  mon- 
ument to  be  erected  at  Cape  Pal- 
mas, with  an  inscription  doing  jus- 
tice to  his  talents  and  his  virtues. 

Resolved,  That  the  president  of 
this  society  be  requested  to  commu- 
nicate to  Mrs.  Russwurm  a copy  of 
the  proceedings  on  this  occasion, 
and  to  express  to  her  the  sympathies 
of  the  members  of  the  Board  in  her 
late  afflicting  bereavement. 

Resolved,  That  a copy  of  the  pro- 
ceedings be  sent  to  tbe  acting  Cover- 
nor  of  Maryland  in  Liberia  for  pro- 
mulgation in  the  colony;  and  also 
be  published  in  the  Colonization 
Journal,  and  in  the  papers  of  the 
city  of  Baltimore. 

[From  the  Christian  Statesman.) 

THE  LATE  GOVERNOR  RUSSWURM. 

The  name  of  this  distinguished 
friend  of  his  race  and  of  Africa  is 
identified  with  nearly  the  entire  his- 
tory of  the  Maryland  Colony  at  Cape 
Palmas.  We  were  acquainted  with 
Governor  Russwurm  in  his  youth, 
and  before  his  thoughts  were  di- 
rected to  Africa  as  his  home.  Soon 


1851.] 


The  lale  Governor  Russwurm. 


351 


nfier  lie  left  Bovvdoin  College,  where 
lie  received  a thorough  education, 
he  became  the  editor  of  a paper 
called  the  Freeman's  Journal,  in  the 
city  of  New  York  ; and  in  this  paper, 
on  the  14th  of  February,  1829,  he 
said,  that  while  he  had  been  oppos- 
ed to  the  scheme  of  African  Colon- 
ization by  free  persons  of  color,  his 
views  had  become  materially  alter- 
ed. “ VVe  have  always  said  (he 
continues)  that  when  convinced  of 
our  error  we  would  hasten  to  ac- 
knowledge it.  That  time  has  now 
arrived.  The  change  which  has 
taken  place  has  not  been  the  hasty 
conclusion  of  a moment;  we  have 
pondered  much  on  this  interesting 
subject,  and  read  every  article  with- 
in our  reach,  both  for  and  against 
the  Society,  and  we  became  from 
the  e.xaniination  a decided  supporter 
of  the  American  Colonization  Soci- 
ety. We  know  that  in  making  this 
avowal  w'e  advance  doctrines  in  op- 
position to  the  majority  of  our  read- 
ers, to  many  of  whom  we  are  per- 
-sonally  known,  and  for  whose  opin- 
ions we  still  entertain  great  respect ; 
but  liow  unpopular  soever  they  may 
be,  we  know  they  are  conscientious 
ones,  formed  from  no  sordid  mo- 
tives, but  having  for  their  basis  the 
good  of  our  brethren. 

“ We  have  carefully  examined  the 
diflerent  plans  now'  in  operation  for 
our  bcnelil,  and  none,  we  believe, 
can  reach  half  so  e.diciently  the 
mass  as  the  plan  of  colonization 
on  the  coast  of  Africa;  for,  if  wc 
take  a second  look  into  any  or  all 
of  them,  we  find  (hem  limited  to  a 
single  city  or  State.  We  consider 
it  mere  waste  of  words  to  talk  of 
ever  enjoying  citizenship  in  this 
country;  it  is  utterly  impossible  in 
the  nature  of  things  ; all,  therefore, 
who  pant  for  this,  must  cast  their 
eyes  elsewhere. 

“The  interesting  query  now  arises, 


Where  shall  we  find  this  desirable 
spot.?  If  we  look  to  Europe,  we 
find  that  quarter  already  overbur- 
dened with  a starving  population  ; if 
to  Asia,  its  distance  is  an  insupera- 
ble l>arrier,  were  all  other  circum- 
I stances  favorable.  Where  then  shall 
I we  look  so  naturally  as  to  Africa? 

I In  preferring  Liberia,  we  w ish  not 
I to  deprive  any  of  the  right  of  choice 
I between  it  and  Hayti,  as  it  is  not 
I our  design  to  say  aught  against 
I Hayti  or  the  able  ruler  at  its  head  ; 
j but  it  is  a fact  well  known  to  all, 
that  our  ])eo|)le  have  strong  objec- 
tions against  emigrating  to  that 
country,  arising,  in  many  cases, 
from  the  unfavorable  reports  ofthose 
who  have  returned.  Sensible  of  the 
fact,  then,  of  the  unwillingness  of 
our  people  to  emigrate  to  Hayti,  we 
feel  it  our  duty  to  offer  to  their  con- 
sideration our  present  sentiments 
concerning  African  colonizatioji  ; 
and  perhaps,  what  we  may  be  able 
to  offer  hereafter  may  be  the  means 
of  enlightening  some  whom  it  was 
our  misfortune  to  have  misled  by 
j our  former  opinions.” 
j Soon  after  the  appearance  of  this 
open  and  manly  avowal  of  the 
change  of  his  opinions  in  regard  to 
[ Africa,  he  embarked  for  Liberia,  and 
resided  for  several  years  in  Monro- 
via. When,  through  the  abilities 
and  wise  and  persevering  negotia- 
tions of  our  friend  Dr.  James  Hall, 
the  Maryland  Colonization  Society 
obtainerl  possession  of  territory  at 
; Caj)e  Palmas,  and  this  gentleman, 
having  established  there  the  power 
i and  influence  of  civilized  govern- 
ment, returned  to  the  United  States, 

; Governor  Russwurm  was  elevated 
to  the  hitrh  office  of  Chief  Magistrate 

I O O 

over  that  Commonwealth,  and  ever 
.«iiic(',  has  enjoyed,  in  that  station, 
the  confidence  of  the  Maryland  So- 
ciety, and  discharged  its  duties  with 
great  advantage  to  all  classes  under 


358 


The  late  Governor  Russwurm. 


[December^ 


his  authnrity  and  protection.  He  ] 
was  at  the  Iiead  of  a small  and,  for  j 
a time,  feeble  community,  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  far  more  nume- 
rous barbarous  and  jealous  native 
tribes,  and  called  upon  to  adjust 
many  difficidt  and  perplexed  ques- 
tions, and  to  conduct  the  affairs  of 
the  colony  with  the  utmost  calmness 
and  discretion,  yet  with  firmness 
and  without  fear.  He  combined 
with  great  good  sense  a quiet  and 
unostentatious  manner,  a gentle, 
modest,  and  amiable  temper,  well 
adapted  to  allay  excitement,  to  con- 
ciliate confidence  and  regard,  to 
satisfy  all  sober  expectations,  and 
all  honest  and  reasonable  demands. 
Free  from  ostentation  and  arro- 
gance, little  disposed  to  the  slight- 
est exhibition  of  vanity,  he  fulfilled  ; 
the  trust  committed  to  his  hands 
with  uniform  fidelity,  and  in  all  sea- 
sons of  peril  and  difficulty,  in  hours 
of  ill  health  and  deitression,  with 
amiable  fortitude  and  invincible  res- 
lution.  Two  years  ago,  the  writer 
of  this  visited  him  in  his  own  home 
at  Cape  Palmas,  and  received  from 
him  and  his  now,  alas?  bereaved 
family,  those  kind  and  considerate 
attentions  which  are  so  gratifying  to 
the  heart  of  a stranger,  after  a long 
sea  voyage,  in  a foreign  land.  My 
opinion  of  his  intelligence  and  learn- 
ing increased  at  every  successive  in- 
terview. The  more  1 saw  of  him 
the  more  I esteemed  him  ; and  I 
am  most  happy  to  be  able,  in  this 
humble  tribute,  to  state  that  be  had, 
within  the  last  few  years,  become 
connected  with  the'  Episcopal 
Church,  and  given  unetpiivocal  evi- 
dence of  his  earnest  and  deep  at- 
tachment to  the  truth  and  the  King- 
dom of  Jesus  Christ.  J3o  his  name 
forever  honored  ; and  imiy  an  ap- 
jrropriate  monument,  reared  on  the 
summit  of  that  beautiful  Cape,  re- 
mind every  visiter  who  may  ascend 


it,  that  there,  after  a life  dedicated 
to  the  civilization  of  Africa,  repose 
all  that  is  mortal  of  the  remains  of 
John  B.  Russwurm. 

Action  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
J^hssion  at  Cape  Palmas,  with  re- 
ference to  the  late  Govei'iior  Russ- 
wurm. 

Moukt  Vaughan,  near  Cape  Palmas, 
West  Africa,  June  2G,  1851. 
Rev.  Mr.  McLain: 

Dear  Sir : I send  a copy  of  reso- 
lutions, which  you  will  please  pub- 
lish in  the  “ Repository,”  and  oblige 
Yours,  very  truly, 

j.  RAMBO. 

At  a meeting  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Mission  at  Cape  Palmas, 
W.  A.,  held  June  23d,  1851,  the  fol- 
lowing resolutions  were  adopted, 
viz  : 

Resolved,  That  the  afflictive  ProvT- 
dence  which  has  removed  from  our 
midst  the  late  lamented  Governor 
of  the  Maryland  Colony,  in  Liberia, 
John  B.  Russwurm,  estj.,  calls  forth 
our  deepest  feelings  of  regret  for 
the  loss  thus  sustained  by  his  be- 
reaved family,  the  commonwealth, 
the  church  and  ourselves. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  discharge 
of  his  arduous  and  responsible  du- 
ties as  the  chief  executive  officer  of 
this  colony,  his  measures  were  cha- 
racterized by  a wise  and  prudent 
policy,  and  executed  with  rare  ener- 
gy and  fidelity.  His  judiciotts  coun- 
sels and  vigorous  action  will  be 
missed  in  the  halls  of  public  busi- 
ness, and  in  the  homes  of  the  des- 
titute and  the  afflicted  ; and  the 
widow  and  the  orphan  will  weep  for 
him  who  was  their  ever  ready  and 
generous  benefactor.  Had  Gover- 
nor Russwurm  sought  only  the  ajr- 
plause  of  his  fellow-men,  he  would 
liave  left  behind  him,  in  the  good 
which  he  has  accomplished,  an  en- 
during monument  to  his  fame;  but 


1851.] 


Trinidad  or  Liberia  ? 


359 


his  efforts  were  directed  and  sanc- 
tified by  nobler  principles.  We 
mourn  his  loss  as  a Christian  broth- 
er. The  kindness  vvhicli  he  ever 
extended  to  the  members  of  our 
mission,  and  Iris  efforts  to  promote 
the  diffusion  of  a pure  and  enlight- 
ened Christianity,  evidenced  his 
love  for  the  Redeemer’s  cause  and 
kingdom. 

Resolved,  That  vve  tender  to  his 
bereaved  widow  and  children  the 
expression  of  our  deepest  sympa-  j 


thy  in  their  affliction,  and  fervently 
commend  them  to  the  kind  protec- 
tion of  the  Father  of  the  fatherless, 
and  the  widow’s  God. 

Resolved,  That  a copy  of  these 
resolutions  be  sent  for  publication 
to  the  editors  of  the  “ Liberia  Her- 
ald,” “ Spirit  of  Missions,”  and  the 
various  colonization  journals  in  the 
United  Stales. 

E.  W.  HENING, 

Chairman. 

J.  Rambo,  Secretary. 


Trinidad  or  Liberia  t 


In  our  last  number,  vve  noticed 
briefly  the  efforts  recently  made  by 
Mr.  Pollard,  agent  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  Trinidad,  to  induce  some 
of  the  free  colored  people  of  Mary- 
land to  emigrate  to  that  Island.  We 
now  lay  before  our  readers  a letter 
written  by  an  intelligent  colored  man 
of  Baltimore,  in  amswer  to  the  state- 
ments made  by  Mr.  Pollard  at  a 
large  meeting  of  colored  persons  in 
that  city;  in  which  letter,  we  think 
good  and  substantial  reasons  are  set 
forth  why  Liberia  should  be  preferred 
by  the  free  people  of  color  as  a home 
for  thetnselves  and  their  children. 

We  also  copy  from  the  Baltimore 
Clipper  an  interesting  article  in 
reference  to  this  letter. 

[From  tlie  Baltimore  Clipper.] 

Interesting  Letter.  We  pub- 
lish in  another  column,  an  interest- 
ing letter  from  a very  intellitrent 
colored  man  of  this  city,  to  the  Rev. 
John  Seys,  on  the  subject  of  African 
colonization.  He  employs  sound 
reasoning  in  favor  of  adopting  Africa 


as  the  future  home  of  the  free  peo- 
[)le  of  color  of  the  United  States,  in 
preference  to  any  other  place ; and 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  what  he 
says  in  regard  to  the  climate  of  that 
country,  and  the  great  rewards  of 
industry,  is  strictly  true.  We  have 
seen  some  members  of  the  Maryland 
Colony,  who  revisited  our  State, 
who  had  been  prosperous  in  the 
highest  degree ; and  have  read  let- 
ters from  the  late  Governor  Russ- 
wurm,  Dr.  McGill  and  others,  wliich 
spoke  in  the  most  favorable  terms 
of  the  improvements  of  the  colony, 
intellectually  and  morally,  as  well 
as  in  pecuniary  circumstances. 
We  look  upon  the  colonies  estab- 
lished on  the  coast  of  Africa 
as  the  commencement  of  the  re- 
generation of  the  people  of  that 
entire  continent;  for  the  natives, 
seeing  the  superior  condition  of  the 
colonists,  are  seeking  to  have  their 
children  instructed  at  the  colonial 
schools;  and  thus  civilization  and 
the  Christian  religion  will  gradually 
spread  and  eidighten  those  who  are 
now  in  a state  of  barbarism. 

Philanthropists  every  where  desire 
to  see  African  colonization  promot- 
ed, as  the  best  means  of  advancing 
the  interests  of  the  free  colored  race 
in  the  United  States,  arid  of  avert- 


360 


Trinidad  or  Liberia  1 


[ December  j 


ing  the  fate  which  impends  over 
them  should  they  remain  here.  The 
letter  which  we  to-day  publish  is 
written  with  great  good  sense,  and 
should  be  maturely  considered  by 
the  free  colored  people  of  Maryland. 
They  are  called  upon  to  choose  their 
future  home,  and  are  offered  a choice 
between  Africa  and  the  British  West 
India  Islands.  It  is  for  them  to  decide 
which  will  be  the  preferable  place ; 
but  the  writer  favors  Africa,  for 
reasons  which  he  assigns.  There 
should  be  consultation,  and,  as  far 
as  may  be  practicable,  an  under- 
standing among  them,  so  as  to  co- 
operate in  whatever  movement  may 
be  resolved  on.  We  feel  anxious 
that  they  should  act,  because  we  de- 
sire to  see  them  removed  to  a scene 
where  they  can  assume  all  the  attri- 
butes and  enjoy  all  the  rights  of 
freemen. 

Messrs.  Editors, — The  follow- 
ing is  from  the  pen  of  one  of  our 
most  intelligent  and  worthy  colored 
men  of  this  city.  He  was  present 
at  a lecture  delivered  to  the  people 
of  color,  in  which  they  were  urged 
to  emigrate  to  the  Island  of  Trinidad, 
in  the  West  Indies.  His  views  are 
correct,  and  I think  will  have  a 
tendency,  if  published,  to  benefit 
the  cause  of  emigration  to  Liberia. 
By  inserting  the  article  in  your 
w'idely  circulated  paper,  you  will 
oblige  the  friends  of  African  colon- 
ization, and  especially, 

Your  ob’t  serv’t, 
JOHN  SEYS. 

Baltimore,  Oct.  2.5,  1851. 


Dear  Sir, — I attended  last  night 
a large  meeting  of  the  most  respec- 
table colored  people  of  this  city, 
which  meeting  was  called  to  listen 
to  the  delivery  of  an  invitation  ten- 
dered to  the  colored  people  of  this 
State,  by  the  Colonial  Government 


’ of  Her  Britanic  Majesty's  colony  of 
1 Trinidad,  by  Mr.  Pollard.  As  the 
I honorable  gentleman  look  till  near 
ten  o'clock  in  the  delivery  of  this 
' invitation,  together  with  copious 
explanations  thereon,  there  was  but 
a poor  opportunity  for  any  one  tO’ 
express  his  views  on  the  important 
j subject. 

Myself,  for  one,  not  being  fully 
satisfied  with  the  worthy  gentleman’s 
views,  I thought  that  I would  like  to 
i offer  a few  ideas  which  differ  from 
his  a little. 

j The  gentleman  mentioned  with  a 
' good  deal  of  pains,  the  several  places 
1 named,  as  fit  homes  for  the  colored 
man,  giving  the  preference,  as  a 
matter  of  course,  to  Trinidad.  In 
stating  the  invitation,  we  learned 
that  the  government  only  w'anted 
laborers,  two  kinds  of  mechanics 
excepted,  though  others  are  includ- 
ed, on  the  ground  that  they  pay  their 
own  passage,  but  in  either  case  they 
are  to  have  a grant  of  two  acres  of 
land.  In  effect,  in  this  country,  we 
are  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of 
water,  and  w'e  are  invited  to  Trini- 
dad to  be  hewers  of  wood  and 
drawers  of  water.  Now  one  of  the 
things  which  I wish  to  know  is, 
where  is  the  difference  in  filling  this 
post  in  a foreign  land,  with  filling 
the  same  post  of  honor  in  our  na- 
tive land? — But  some  will  say,  you 
: cannot  stay  here,  even  to  fill  the 
place  named  above.  Well,  if  this 
be  so,  would  it  not  be  wise  to  make 
a strict  inquiry,  whether  this  is  the 
best  that  can  be  done  for  us?  It 
seems  plain  to  me,  that  laborers, 
under  the  British  Government,  can 
never  be  advanced  to  a much  high- 
er rank.  The  elements  of  future 
greatness  are  not  very  thickly  mixed 
In  the  cup  drank  by  the  laboring 
portion  of  the  British  subjects.  But 
this  home  is  better  than  no  home, 
j and  should  not  be  treated  with  con- 


iSjl.] 


Trinidad  or  Liberia  1 


361 


tempt,  while  at  the  same  lime  we 
ought  to  reserve  to  ourselves  the 
privilege  of  looking  around  us  be- 
fore we  embrace  it. 

I noticed  that  Mr.  Pollard  studi- 
ously enumerated  the  advantages  of 
Trinidad,  but  'none  in  relation  to 
other  places  which  he  named.  On 
the  contrary,  he  named  with  great 
emphasis  the  disadvantages  of  these 
places,  and  applied  them  with  great 
force  to  Liberia.  He  named  from 
the  writings  of  several  persons  cer- 
tain passages,  giving  a bad  name  to 
some  of  the  places  mentioned.  It 
was  said  that  Africa  was  a very  sick- 
ly place,  and  that  people  could  not 
live  there.  At  this  the  writer  was 
surprised,  and  was  caused  to  wond- 
er, how'  it  comes  to  pass  that  amidst 
the  unnatural  avenues  of  destruc- 
tion going  on  in  that  country  for 
hundreds  of  years  together,  growing 
out  of  the  slave  trade  and  the  super- 
stitions of  the  people  themselves, 
there  should  still  remain  a hundred 
and  fifty  millions  of  souls.  But  my  op- 
ponent will  say  : If  I have  one,  that 
the  native  tribes  are  acclimated  to 
that  country,  namely  Africa,  and 
they  do  not  die  faster  than  in  other 
countries.  To  this  I answer,  that  a 
sickly  climate  is  a sickly  climate,  and 
the  natural  inhabiiants  must  die 
proportionably  faster  than  in  healthy 
climates.  The  climate  of  this  heal- 
thy country  in  which  w'e  live  w'oiild 
be  as  precarious  to  the  native  Afri- 
can as  Africa  would  be  to  us.  And 
as  to  the  colonists,  some  of  them 
die,  and  some  of  them  live;  and  1 
have  seen  several  who,  after  fifteen 
or  sixteen  years  residence  there, 
looked  as  well  as  we  do,  and  who 
showed  signs  of  mental  improve- 
ment, far  surpassing  ours  who  have 
remained  here. 

As  to  Liberia  as  a home  for  the 
colored  man,  I see  no  objection  that 
can  be  urged  against  it  with  any 


show  of  reason,  the  climate  except- 
ed ; and  this  difficulty  has  to  be  en- 
countered by  all  settlers  from  tem- 
perate to  tropical  climates.  The 
government  is  truly  republic,  and 
rests  in  the  hands  of  the  people. 
If  any  doubt  this,  they  are  referred 
to  the  fact,  that  Liberia  is  acknow- 
ledged by  the  greatest  powers  of 
the  earth  as  a free  and  independent 
people,  which  never  could  have 
been  done  by  a nation  of  discern- 
ment such  as  Great  Britain,  if  this 
independence  was  a mere  humbug. 
It  should  not  be  forgotten,  that  no 
nation  has  ever  achieved  such  won- 
derful exploits, — as  in  ihiriy  years 
from  its  foundation,  to  declare  itself 
free  and  independent,  since  the 
world  began, — and  that  too,  amidst  all 
those  insuperable  calamities  of  which 
Mr.  Pollard  and  others  have  spoken. 

The  natural  resources  of  Africa 
are  not  surpassed  by  any  country  on 
the  globe,  and  he  who  can  have 
health  there  with  sufficient  means 
to  sustain  himself  one  year,  with 
management  and  industrious  habits, 
can’t  well  fail  to  be  independent  in 
six  or  seven  years. — Here,  ien  in- 
stead of  two  acres  of  land  are  given, 
and  abundance  of  good  land  may 
be  bought  for  one  fourth  the  amount 
mentioned  by  Mr.  Pollard.  A coffee 
plantation  alone,  which  may  be 
raised  in  three  years,  of  two  thous- 
and trees,  would  make  a man  inde- 
pendent in  that  time.  The  enemies 
! of  Africa  put  me  in  mind  of  the 
enemies  of  Christianity.  They  con- 
demn it  w'ithout  an  examination  of 
the  evidences  in  its  favor. 

I am  anxious  that  my  brethren 
should  be  united  in  their  choice  of 
a future  home.  It  strikes  me  we 
never  can  be  a nation  in  any  spot 
on  earth,  if  we  cannot  be  in  Africa. 
Nothing  short  of  national  aggran- 
dizement with  overwhelming  proofs 
of  capacity  for  self  government, 


362 


Rev.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


[December, 


will  wipe  off  the  stain  that  disgraces 
us,  and  place  us  where  we  ought  to 
bo.  Unless  indeed  we  do  deserve  the 
most  shamelul  stigma  under  which 
we  have  so  long  rested,  that  we  are 
inferior  to  the  rest  of  the  human  race. 


Now  if  there  be  any  proof  that 
Trinidad  is  that  future  home,  then, 
that  is  my  place : if  not,  I shall 
stick  to  Africa  until  this  proof  be 
given.  D.  S. 

Baltimore,  Oct.  14,  1851. 


Rev.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


In  our  present  number,  we  pub- 
lish six  interesting  articles  from  the  | 
pen  of  the  Rev.  Heman  Humphrey, 
D.  D.,  formerly  president  of  Am- 
herst College,  and  at  present  a resi- 
dent of  Pittsfield,  Mass.  These  ar- 
ticles first  appeared  in  the  Ji'ew' 
York  Observer  ; and  as  many  of  our  ’ 
readers  may  not  have  had  the  pleas-  , 
ure  of  perusing  them,  we  doubt  not  jj 
they  will  be  gratified  to  see  them  in  j 
the  Repository.  They  contain  ma- 
ny striking  truths  and  deductions 
with  reference  to  the  condition  of 
the  free  people  of  color  in  the  United 
States,  and  the  advantages  of  emi- 
grating to  the  Republic  of  Liberia. 

African  Colonizatio.v. 

J\Ir.  Editor:  Will  you  allow  me 
room  in  your  widely  circulated  pa- 
per for  a few  articles  ,of  moderate 
length,  on  the  subject  of  Hfricnn  \ 
colonization!  If  I rightly  discern  | 
“ the  signs  of  the  times,”  this  is  one  ' 
of  the  most  important  subjects  to 
which  the  attention  of  your  nu-  : 
meroiis  readers,  and  indeed  of  the  ^ 
whole  American  people,  can  be  ; 
called.  The  lime  has  come,  ivhcn  ( 
every  true  Christian,  every  patriot 
and  philanthropist,  should,  if  possi- 
ble, have  his  mind  made  up  on  the 
question,  IVhat  duties  do  I owe  to 
the  colored  race  amongst  us  ! and 
this  question  involves  several  others 


ofgreat  practical  concernment,  such 
as  these  : Can  the  free  blacks  re- 

maining here,  and  whether  in  the 
slave  or  free  States,  hope  ever  to  en- 
joy equal  rights  and  privileges  with 
us  ? If  not,  can  they  be  colonized 
any  where,  within  the  bounds  of  our 
national  domain,  vast  as  it  is,  with 
any  reasonable  prospect  of  remain- 
ing unmolested,  and  of  founding  and 
maintaining  a free  and  indejiendent 
republic  of  theirown  ? Can  they  any 
where  else  on  the  American  conti- 
nent? If  not,  is  there  any  other 
part  of  the  world  to  which  they 
should  be  advised  and  encouraged 
to  emigrate,  where  they  can  be  as 
free  and  independent,  as  the  white 
race  are  here?  Is  there  room  for 
them  in  the  young  Republic  of  Li- 
lieria,  and  would  she  be  willing  to 
receive  them?  What  connection  is 
there  between  colonization  and  the 
abolition  of  the  slave  trade?  What 
are  its  jnospective  bearinofs  upon 
the  civilization  and  redemption  of 
Africa  ? Could  the  whole  great  fam- 
ily of  African  descent  in  this  coun- 
try, under  any  system  of  gradual 
emancipation,  ever  be  returned  to 
their  ow  n land  ? What  obligations 
rest  upon  us  to  help  them  back,  as 
fast  as  they  wish  to  go  ? And  what 
rich  national  returns  might  we  ex- 
pect, in  the  approving  smiles  of 
Heaven  u|)on  our  jihilanthropy,  and 
a vast  and  lucrative  commerce? 

These  are  some  of  the  ipiestions 
that  meet  us,  at  the  threshhold  of 
our  inquiries.  It  is  a great  subject 
— one  of  the  greatest,  when  viewed 


1851.] 


Rev,  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


363 


in  all  its  aspects  and  its  bearings 
upon  the  vital  interests  of  two  con- 
tinents and  two  races,  that  can  be 
brought  before  the  minds  of  a Chris- 
tian people.  I believe  the  scheme 
of  African  colonization,  as  pro- 
pounded by  the  Society  which  was 
organized  at  the  City  of  Washing- 
ton in  1816,  will  be  looked  back 
upon,  fifty  years  hence,  as  second 
^in  importance,  to  no  enterprise  of 
the  nineteenth  century.  Feeble  and 
despised  as  it  was  at  first,  like  other 
agencies  which  have  changed  the 
face  of  the  world,  it  has  already 
more  than  realized  the  most  san- 
guine expectations  of  its  philan- 
thropic projectors,  and  prf)mises  to 
bestow  incalculable  blessings  upon 
the  whole  race  of  black  men. 

My  soul  exults  in  the  prospect. 
My  children  will  see  great  things 
done  for  our  colored  brethren  here, 
and,  through  their  instrumentality, 
for  Africa.  Under  the  control  of 
an  All-wise  and  benign  overruling 
Providence,  causes  are  operating  to 
“ break  every  yoke,”  and  fill  the  air 
with  jubilant  voices,  which  can  no 
more  be  frustrated  than  the  laws  of 
nature.  Slowly  these  causes  may 
operate  for  some  time  to  cotne,  but 
surely  they  will.  “Though  the  vision 
tarry,  wait  for  it, — for  it  will  come, 
and  will  not  tarry.”  Put  me  down 
as  an  idle  dreamer,  let  who  will,  I 
feel  sure  of  it.  The  blood  of  Africa, 
which  has  been  for  centuries  red- 
dening the  Atlantic,  will  be  staunch- 
ed. It  will  be  done  by  colonies 
planted  all  along,  where  the  barra- 
coons  have  stood  upon  her  bloody 
shores.  These  colonies  will  be  sent 
out  by  their  own  consent,  aye  more, 
by  their  earnest  request,  from  all  the 
principal  ports  f>f  our  sea-board,  will 
grow  up  into  powerful  Christian 
States,  and  bestow  countless  bless- 
ings upon  the  whole  continent  of 
Africa.  Tn  saying  all  this,  do  I forget 


that  there  are  great  and  apparently 
insurmountable  obstacles  in  the  way .' 
But,  “who  art  thou  O great  moun- 
tain ? Before  Zerubbabel  thou  shalt 
become  a plain.”  “ Nothing  is  too 
hard  for  the  Lord,”  and  believing  as 
I do,  that  the  great  Colonization 
enterprise  is  from  him,  I cannot 
doubt,  that  he  will  prosper  it  more 
and  more.  I am  sure  I shall  not  do 
justice  to  the  subject,  even,  as  it 
lies  in  my  own  mind.  It  is  too  vast 
and  difficult  for  any  powers  that  I 
possess.  Still  less,  if  possible,  can 
I hope  to  satisfy  every  reader.  Some 
doubtless  will  dissent  from  the  po- 
sitions which  I take,  and  the  conclu- 
sions to  which  I come.  But  “this  is  a 
free  country,”  (a  great  anomaly  al- 
ways excepted,)  and  the  free  discus- 
sion ofevery  great  question, is  the  way 
to  settle  it  on  right  and  safe  ground. 

In  the  discussion  of  every  topic, 
I shall  “show  my  opinion;”  shall 
say  what  I honestly  think,  upon 
my  own  responsibility,  and  let 
it  pass  for  what  it  is  worth.  Let 
others  “show  us  a more  excellent 
way,”  if  they  can.  I,  for  one,  will 
rejoice  in  it.  But  I must  first  be 
convinced  that  it  is  a better  way.  I 
have  no  point  to  carry,  no  interest 
to  gain,  no  ambition  to  gratify.  The 
field  is  wide  and  open  alike  to  all. 
The  condition  and  prospects  of  the 
three  million  and  a half  of  colored 
people  in  the  United  States  of  Ame- 
rica, furnish  a problem,  complicated 
and  stubborn  enough,  to  task,  if 
not  to  baffle,  the  wisest  in  their  at- 
tempts to  solve  it.  While  this  should 
make  us  diffident  of  our  own  abili- 
ties, and  distrustful  of  our  most 
confident  solutions,  it  affords  no 
reason  why  we  should  give  it  up  in 
despair.  The  problem  loill  be  solved, 
sooner  or  later;  and  let  him  be  most 
honored,  by  whatever  name  he  may 
be  called,  who  shall  throw  the  most 
light  upon  the  question,  which  has 


364 


Rev.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


[December, 


liitherto  baffled  the  wisdom  and 
philanthropy  “ of  the  ancients,” 
as  well  as  of  the  most  enlightened 
of  the  present  generation. 

Condition  and  Prospects  of  the  Free 

Colored  People  in  the  U.  States. 

Messrs.  Editors  : — Here  is  the 
projier  starting  point  for  the  advo- 
cates of  African  Colonization.  In 
asking  Congress,  State  Legislatures 
and  individuals  for  funds  to  assist  in 
carrying  back,  with  their  own  con- 
sent, the  free  people  of  color  to  the 
native  shores  of  their  ancestors,  it 
is  incumbent  on  us  to  show  that  the 
number  is  sufficiently  large  to  re- 
quire public,  as  well  as  private  pe- 
cuniary aid,  and  that  their  condition 
and  prospects  would  be  essentially 
bettered  by  the  removal. 

It  appears  by  the  returns  of  the 
census  just  taken,  that  they  now 
number  about  half  a million.  I 
have  not  the  census  before  me  at 
this  moment ; but  it  is  quite  imma- 
terial. We  know  that  this  hapless 
class  of  men,  women  and  children, 
are  scattered  all  over  the  free  as 
well  as  the  slave  States,  though  the 
majority  of  them  are  found  in  the 
latter.  Though  of  a darker  skin, 
they  are  our  brethren,  descended 
with  us  from  one  common  jiarcnt — 
just  as  “ fearfully  and  wonderfully 
made.”  Life  and  liberty  are  as  sweet 
to  them  as  to  us.  They  are  capable, 
many  of  them  at  least,  of  as  high 
degrees  of  mental,  social  and  moral 
imiirovement.  They  are  as  easily 
c.xcited  to  joy  and  sorrow ; and  to 
gratitude,  also,  if  tiot  to  resentment. 
Some  of  them  are  far  superior,  in 
every  intellectual  and  moral  quality, 
to  a large  class  of  our  own  color; 
worthy  to  be  trusted  as  friends,  and 
justly  entitled  to  as  high  privileges 
iind  immunities  as  we  enjoy. 

But  what  is  their  actual  condition, 
in  this  boasted  land  of  equal  rights. 


j social,  political,  and  religious?  Many 
I of  them  have  by  their  industry  ac- 
quired some  property.  A very  few 
j are  even  in  independent  circum- 
! stances.  A great  majority  of  them, 

; I have  no  doubt,  W'ould  be  good 
citizens,  if  they  w'ere  allowed  to  be 
citizens  at  all.  But  what,  I ask 
again,  what  is  their  actual  condition, 
j as  a class, — I should  rather  say  as  a 
caste  ! Everybody  knows  that  in 
j the  slave  States  the  free  blacks  are* 
barely  tolerated,  at  best.  They  are 
looked  upon  with  an  evil  and  sus- 
picious eye,  and  their  natural  in- 
crease is  deprecated  as  a public 
burden,  calamity,  and  peril.  How 
long  is  it  since  the  Governor  of  Vir- 
ginia, in  his  annual  message  to  the 
Legislature,  recommended  the  ban- 
ishment of  them,  .50,000  or  more, 
from  the  State  ? Some  of  us  very 
well  remember.  At  this  moment 
they  are  scarcely  endured,  in  any  of 
the  great  slaveholding  States,  either 
in  the  towns  or  on  the  plantations. 
And  w'hat  are  the  natural  and  neces- 
sary consequences  ? As  a class 
they  are  ignorant,  degraded,  and 
shiftless.  It  w'ould  be  a miracle  if 
they  were  not.  What  encourage- 
ment have  they  to  try  to  better  their 
condition?  Under  similar  disabili- 
ties, we  should  be  quite  as  bad,  if 
not  still  more  reckless  and  debased. 
They  have  no  means  of  elevation, 
no  such  incitements  to  industry, 
frugality,  and  improvement  as  we 
have. — nothing  to  beget  self-respect, 
or  to  develope  any  of  the  higher, 
social,  and  manly  virtues.  Such, 
wit'i  rare  exceptions,  is  their  hope- 
less condition  in  all  the  slave  States. 
They  are  called  free  negroes  ; but 
alas!  what  does  their  freedom  amount 
to?  What,  to  them,  is  the  name, 
but  a cruel  mockery?  In  some  re- 
spects they  are  even  worse  off  than 
the  slaves,  as  I shall  show  before  I 
am  through. 


1851.] 


Rev.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


365 


And  how  is  it  here,  at  the  Norths 
Taken  together,  they  are  undoubt- 
edly regarded  with  more  favor  than 
at  the  South.  They  are  not  watch- 
ed and  feared  and  liated,  on  tliis 
side  of  Mason  and  Dixon’s  line,  as 
on  that.  They  have  better  advant- 
ages for  education,  higher  induce- 
ments to  be  industrious,  moral,  hon- 
est, and  sober.  Their  oath  is  allow- 
ed in  our  courts  of  justice;  and  in 
•two  or  three  of  the  free  States  they 
are  permitted  to  vote  for  town  and 
State  officers.  This  is  something 
in  the  letter.  It  is  better  than  noth- 
ing— but  how  much  better 

What,  after  all,  is  their  real  social 
and  political  standing  in  New  Eng- 
land, or  in  any  of  the  free  Slates.^ 
Are  they  put  on  the  same  level  with 
white  men,  even  with  the  most  ig- 
norant and  degraded  foreigners  that 
come  to  our  shores  ? Are  they 
treated  as  equals,  us  guests,  as  en- 
titled to  the  same  social  standing 
with  men  of  our  own  color  Who 
does  not  know  the  contrary  W’ho 
does  not  know  that  everywhere  they 
lie  under  many  and  grievous  disfran- 
chisements They  are  an  oppressed 
and  degraded  caste.  They  feel  it 
every  day  of  their  lives,  and  it  keeps 
them  down.  They  are  not  looked 
upon  as  men,  in  the  true  and  proper 
sense  of  the  term.  They  are  not 
treated  as  free  citizens  of  the  re- 
public, but  as  helots,  bearing,  by 
mere  sufferance,  the  title  of  freemen. 
And  where  they  may  vote  at  the  polls, 
there  is  no  written  law  to  hinder 
their  being  voted  jfor.  In  this  sense 
they  are  eligible  to  offices  of  trust 
and  profit.  That  is,  there  is  nothing 
in  the  laws  to  prevent  their  being 
chosen  selectmen,  sent  to  the  legis- 
lature, or  put  upon  the  bench.  But 
there  is  a lawq  (unwritten  th.jugh  it 
be,)  as  inexorable  as  the  laws  of 
Draco,  which  shuts  them  all  out 
forever. 


Call  it  prejudice  against  color; 
call  it  the  tyrannical  interdict  of  a 
wicked  public  opinion;  call  it  what 
you  will,  it  is  a law  which  no  legis- 
lation can  repeal.  It  is  the  virtual 
disfranchisement  of  the  whole  col- 
ored population  of  the  free,  no  less 
than  of  the  slave  States.  With  a 
single  and  almost  accidental  excep- 
tion, not  a man  of  them,  so  far  as 
my  knowledge  extends,  holds  any 
civil  office,  from  the  St.  John’s  to 
the  fartherest  West. 

Do  you  say  this  is  a cruel  pro- 
scription of  a race  as  good  as  w'e 
are.^  I admit  it;  but  so  it  is.  Such 
is  their  actual  condition.  So  it  has 
been  now  for  two  centuries. 

And  what,  if  they  remain  amongst 
us,  are  their  prospects  for  two  cen- 
turies more.^  Can  they  calculate 
upon  any  such  change  in  public 
opinion  as  would  jmt  them  upon  a 
level  with  ourselves  Will  they  or 
their  children’s  children  live  to  see 
the  day?  Will  it  corno  so  long  as 
the  proud  Saxons  rule  the  land  ? 
By  whomsoever  cherished,  it  is  a 
forlorn  hope.  The  controlling  ten- 
dencies are  all  the  other  way.  The 
whole  history  of  the  world  is  against 
it.  No  two  races  difiering  as  much 
as  the  Caucasian  and  African  do, 
ever  dwelt  together  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  equal  consideration,  rights 
and  privileges.  So  long  as  these 
marked  natural  distinctions  exist, 
one  or  the  other  will  hold  the  as- 
cendancy. In  effect,  if  not  in  name, 
one  will  be  the  masters ; and  the 
other,  if  not  literally  and  legally 
slaves,  will  be  regarded  and  treated 
as  an  inferior  race — as  a degraded 
caste.  Nothing,  I am  firmly  per- 
suaded, but  amalgamation,  can  pre- 
vent it.  And  who,  in  the  case  be- 
fore us,  will  plead  for  that?  “If 
any,  speak;  for  him  have  I offend- 
ed.” 

By  giving  different  constitutions 


366 


Rev.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


[December, 


and  complexions  to  great  branches 
of  the  human  family,  God  evidently 
intended  they  should  he  kept  sepa- 
rate. The  unhappy  state  of  things 
in  the  United  States  has  grown  out 
of  the  enormously  wicked  infringe- 
ment of  this  divine  allotment.  The 
black  men  ought  never  to  have  been 
brought  to  America.  They  do  not 
belong  here.  God  gave  them  a bet- 
ter home  in  Africa. 

“ But  since  tliey  have  been  here 
for  so  many  generations,  ought  they 
not  to  be  encouraged  to  remain  and 
contend  for  their  rights  till  they  ob- 
tain them  ?”  So  many  of  their 
friends  believe,  and  so  they  have 
counselled — sin  ;ercly,  no  doubt. 
But  with  the  prospect  before  the 
free  blacks,  is  this  good  advice  } Is 

^ D j 

it  the  best  that  can  be  given  them 
I presume  tliat  those  who  most 
earnestly  exhort  them  to  remain, 
would  not  try  to  discourage  them 
from  seeking  a better  home,  if  they 
believed  there  was  no  reasonable 
liope  of  their  ever  gaining  their 
rights  by  staying.  And  what,  I ask 
once  more,  is  there  to  encourage 
such  a hope  ? It  is  folly,  if  not 
downright  infatuation,  for  our  col- 
ored brethren  or  their  confidential 
advisers  to  shut  their  eyes  to  what 
is  passing,  both  in  the  free  and  slave 
States.  “ The  signs  of  the  times” 
are  anything  but  encouraging. 

The  fact  that  the  slave  Slates  are, 
one  after  another,  passing  the  most 
stringent  laws  against  the  immigra- 
tion of  free  negroes,  of  every  shade, 
from  any  and  every  quarter,  speaks 
volumes  on  this  subject.  Every 
door  of  entrance  will  soon  be  so  ef- 
fectually closed,  that  not  one  of  this 
poor  ostracized  class,  coming  into 
a slave  State,  will  be  harbored  for  a 
day. 

Free  Blacks  i.'^  Free  States. 

O.XE  would  think,  from  the  deep 


'sympathy  which  is  so  often  express- 
j ed  ill  private  conversation,  in  public 
addresses  and  printed  resolutions, 
not  only  that  there  is  room  enough 
here  at  the  North,  and  in  the  free 
States  at  the  West  for  twice  half  a 
million  of  our  colored  brethren  ; but 
that  we  should  be  glad  to  have  them 
come,  by  hundreds  and  by  thousands, 
just  as  fast  as  they  will.  But  what  are 
the  facts  in  this  case?  Is  it  true, 
that  large  numbers  of  the  free  blacks 
from  the  South  would  be  welcome 
in  any  of  the  free  States?  Ifin  any 
one,  Ohio  from  the  sympathy  which 
she  has  so  often  expressed,  ought 
to  open  her  arms  widest.  But  what 
proofs  has  even  Ohio  given,  that 
as  many  as  will,  may  come,  and  set- 
tle upon  her  rich  soil,  and  multiply, 
and  enjoy  the  jirotection  of  her  laws  ! 
How  was  it,  when  a few  years  ago, 
Mr.  Randolph’s  400  emancipated 
slaves  immigrated  to  Mercer  County, 
to  take  possession  of  the  land  which 
the  agent  had  purchased  for  them  ? 
Why,  they  had  scarcely  arrived  un- 
der his  protection,  when  they  were 
mobbed,  and  driven  off  and  scattered. 

To  back  up  this  outrage,  a meeting 
of  the  citizens  was  called,  at  which 
it  was  Resolved,  “That  we  will  not 
live  among  negroes.  As  we  settled 
here  first,  we  are  fully  determined 
that  we  will  resi>t  the  settlement  of 
blacks  and  mulattoes  in  this  County, 
to  the  full  extent  of  our  means,  the 
bayonet  not  excepted.’’  And  again, 
“ Resolved,  that  we  who  are  here 
assembled,  pledge  ourselves  not  to 
employ  or  trade  with  any  black  or 
mulatto  person,  in  any  manner  what- 
: ever,  or  permit  them  to  have  any 
grinding  done  at  our  mills,  after  the 
first  day  of  January  next.” 

And  in  alluding  to  this  outrage 
t upon  humanity,  what^aid  the  mem- 
ber from  that  district,  in  his  place 
upon  the  floor  of  Congress.  That 
“his  constituents,  his  friends  and 


1851.] 


Rev.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


367 


neighbors  had  mustered  the  blacks 
out  of  the  County.  Tliey  had  said 
to  the  abolitionists  and  all  others 
around  them,  If  )ou  want  negroes 
to  reign  over  you,  take  them  to  your 
own  firesides,  but  into  this  district 
they  shall  not  oome.” 

Yes,  they  were  “ mustered  out” — 
they  were  ejected  from  farms  to 
which  they  had  as  good  a title,  as 
any  white  man  in  the  State.  The 
utmost  toleration  doled  out  to  them 
was,  that  they  might  crawl  into  some 
miserable  hut,  a family  here  and  a 
family  there,  to  be  “hewers  of  wood 
atid  drawers  of  waters,”  to  their 
lordly  white  persecutors.  And  now, 
to  make  assurance  agaitist  negro 
immigration  doubly  sure,  the  Con- 
vention I’or  revising  the  Constitution 
of  Ohio,  has  just  incorporated  their 
settled  purpose  and  policy  into  the 
organic  law  of  the  State,  and  there  is 
not  a doubt  that  the  people  will  ratify 
it. 

The  first  section  provides,  that  no 
negro  or  mulatto  shall  come  into 
the  State,  after  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution  ; passed,  94,  to  40. — 
The  second  section  makes  all  con- 
tracts with  them  void,  and  imposes 
fines,  of  not  less  than  ten  dollars, 
nor  more  than  jive  hundred,  on  all 
persons  employing  them. 

The  Convention  now  sitting  in 
Indiana,  has  by  a decisive  vote,  ex- 
cluded negroes  and  mulattoes  from 
hereafter  settling  in  the  State;  and 
also  determined  that  all  contracts 
with  them  shall  be  void,  and  that 
wiroever  employs  or  encourages 
them  to  remain,  shall  be  liable  to 
the  same  fine  as  is  jirovided  in  the 
new  Constitution  of  Ohio.  It  is  well 
remembered  that  Illinois, two  orthree 
years  ago,  incorporated  a similar  ar- 
ticle, though  not  quite  so  stringent, 
in  her  revised  Constitution. 

Next  Cl  mes  the  young  and  rapidly 
rising  State  of  Iowa.  A bill  has  been 
introduced  intoherlegislature,  which 


provides  for  the  removal  of  ail  free 
liersons  of  color,  emancipated  in 
other  States,  with  a proviso,  that 
those  already  there,  may  remain, but 
disqualifying  them  from  acijuiring 
any  additional  real  estate.  Pennsyl- 
vania is  following  hard  after;  and  I 
pul  it  down  as  a moral  certainty, 
that  no  free  State  in  the  Union  would 
long  permit  a great  and  increasing 
influx  of  free  negroes  and  mulattoes, 
from  whatever  quarter  they  might 
come.  It  might  be  a great  hardship 
to  shut  them  out,  and  it  certainly 
ought  not  to  be  done,  save  from  the 
imperative  urgency  of  self- protec- 
tion. But  I can  conceive  of  a case 
in  which,  should  any  of  the  large 
slave  States  expel  the  free  blacks, 
they  might  flock  to  a small  free 
State  in  such  multitudes,  as  to  be- 
come an  intolerable  burden,  and 
that  to  guard  against  this,  such  a 
State  would  have  a perfect  right  to 
set  bounds  to  the  inundation.  At 
I any  rate,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut, 
I or  Massachusetts  would  certainly  do 
I it,  and  so  would  every  free  State  in 
I the  Union.  The  blacks  already  free, 
and  those  that  may  be  emancipated 
and  sent  out  of  the  slave  States, 
(and  they  will  be  sent  out,  if  freed 
at  all.)  cannot  be  colonized  at  the 
North,  certainly  on  this  side  of  Up- 
per Canada,  and  they  will  not  be 
allowed  to  come  and  mingle  amongst 
us  in  such  numbers,  as  to  mar  our 
goodly  heritage,  or  drive  us  from  it. 

But  suppose  there  were  no  con- 
stitutional or  other  restrictions  to 
j keep  them  out,  what  would  their 
1 social  and  civil  condition  be,  in  the 
midst  of  a great  and  outnumbering 
white  population,  holding  all  the 
power,  and  nearly  all  the  intelli- 
gence, and  wealth  of  the  State.? 
Would  they  be  put  upon  the  same 
social  and  political  level?  Would 
they  be  free  citizens,  in  any  thing 
but  the  name?  They  might  perhaps 
be  made  eligible  by  the  laws,  to  of- 


368 


Reo.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


[ December, 


ficcs  of  public  trust  and  emolument, 
but  what  would  that  avail  them?  It 
is  one  thing-  to  be  eligible  and 
another  to  stand  any  chance  of  being 
chosen;  and  who  of  them  would  be 
elected  to  help  make  the  laws  or  to 
administer  them  ? What  black  man, 
however  able  and  worthy,  would  be 
sent  to  Congress,  or  be  allowed  to 
hold  any  other  important  place  un- 
der the  government?  Who  that 
remembers  the  past,  and  with  a well- 
balanced  mind  looks  at  the  darker 
present,  believes  that  he  shall  live 
to  see  the  day,  or  that  his  child- 
ren will,  when  colored  and  white 
members  will  be  found  sitting  side 
by  side  in  the  halls  of  debate,  and 
the  public  boarding-houses,  either  at 
Washington,  Columbus,  Albany,  or 
Boston  ? And  if  the  colored  peo- 
ple cannot  be  made  in  all  respects 
equal  to  ourselves,  so  long  as  they  re- 
main in  the  midst  of  us,  would  they 
be  satisfied  with  their  condition  ? 
Ought  they  to  be  satisfied  ? The  more 
enlightened  and  respectable  they 
might  become, the  more  keenly  would 
tliey  feel  their  hopeless  disabilities. 

Even  the  blacks  who  were  born 
and  have  always  lived  in  the  free 
States,  are  not  at  home  with  us. 
Their  depressed  condition  painfully 
reminds  them  every  day,  that  they 
are  not.  How  much  less  would 
their  brethren  be  coming  strangers 
from  the  South.  Tho^e  who  dwell 
amongst  us,  may  not  be  willing  to 
emigrate;  but  how'  deep  and  sad  is 
their  social  depression.  I can  never 
forget  w’hat  feelings  I had,  when 
happening  to  be  in  Boston,  on  one 
of  her  annual  gala  days,  three  or 
four  years  ago,  1 mingled  with  the 
joyous  crowd,  upon  her  beautiful 
promenade.  It  was  a bright  May 
afternoon,  and  there  could  not  have 
been  less  than  from  forty  to  sixty 
tliousand  people  of  all  classes  and 
ages,  on  and  about  the  Common. 


Every  body  was  there,  and  every 
face  was  radiant  with  smiles.  But 
where  were  the  colored  men,  women, 
and  children  of  Boston  ? I couhl 
not  find  them,  though  I looked 
for  them  as  I passed  through  the 
crowd,  in  “all  rjuarters.”  They 
were  not  there.  Two  black  men, 
I did  indeed  descry,  at  last,  stand- 
ing apart  within  the  enclosure, 
noticed  by  nobody;  and  just  with- 
out, were  two  or  three  little  girls  of 
the  same  hapless  race,  looking  tim- 
idly through  the  iron  fence  at  the 
throngs  of  white  children,  in  whose 
sports  they  might  take  no  part. 
This  was  all ! A nd  shall  more  of  the 
same  race  be  encouraged  to  emigrate 
to  IMassachusetts,  when  driven  out, 
in  one  way  or  another,  ns  they  will  be 
from  the  slave  States  ? How  will  they 
support  themselves?  what  will  they 
find  to  do  when  they  get  here  ? 
I cannot  shut  my  eyes  to  the  fact; 
that  white  servants  and  laborers  are 
fast  crowding  out  (he  blacks  that  are 
already  here,  from  the  hotels,  from 
the  livery  stables,  and  other  places, 
where  they  used  to  find  employ- 
ment. They  are  disappearing  from 
the  wharves,  they  are  hustled  out  of 
all  the  places  of  business,  where  ser- 
vice is  wanted,  by  swarms  of  Irish 
and  other  foreigners.  The  same  is 
true  in  all,  or  nearly  all  of  the  cities 
and  large  towns  of  the  other  free 
States.  The  white  hackmen,  car- 
men, and  waiters  will  not  endure 
thenij  if  they  can  help  it,  and  in 
spite  of  all  we  may  say  and  do, 
they  will  find  a thousand  ways  to 
annoy  them. 

Many  of  them,  indeed,  can  leave 
the  cities,  as  they  have  lately  been 
advised  to  do  by  a convention  of  their 
own  color,  and  settle  upon  farms  in 
the  country,  where  I have  no  doubt 
they  would  be  better  off;  but  they 
would  still  remain  depressed  ; would 
be  regarded  and  treated  bv  their 


J851.] 


Rev.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


369 


neiglibors  as  an  inferior  caste.  The 
iron  chain  which  has  bound  thei\i 
down  for  two  I'.undred  years,  will 
bind  tbein  as  long  as  they  remain 
scattered  as  they  now  are  over  the 
slave  or  the  free  States. 

I Itave  said'  nothing  about  the 
feasibility  of  colonizing  them  any- 
where within  our  present  State 
limits,  because  it  seems  to  me,  that 
nobody  wlio  looks  at  the  question  in 
its  true  light,  would  advise  them  in 
going  out  from  us,  to  settle  down 
together,  a few  thousand  here,  and 
a few  hundred  there,  if  whole  town- 
ships, or  even  counties  should  be 
given  them.  Supposing  they  would 
remain  unmolested,  and  flourish  for 
a little  while  in  New  York,  or  Ohio, 
or  Micliigan,  or  in  any  other  of  the 
fifteen  States,  would  it  be  best  for 
them  to  make  experiment?  Could 
they  have  laws  and  rulers  of  their 
own  ? Woiild  not  the  ever  growing 
and  encroaching  white  [ropiilatioti,  j 
ere  long,  brealc  them  up,  or  if  they 
staid,  reduce  them  to  a condition  I 
little  better  than  that  of  serfs  ? I 
But  {\\^,  five  hundred  thousand  free  ! 
blacks  now  in  the  United  States  of] 
America,  atid  their  posterity,  must 
live  somewhere.  They  have  as  much  i 
right  to  an  inheritance  in  this  or 
some  other  land,  as  an  equal  num 
her,  of  a fairer  skin.  As  they  can-  , 
not  retnaiu  among  us  atid  be  truly 
free,  they  must  lie  colonized  as  fast  ] 
ns  they  will  consent  to  go,  and  in  ] 
locations,  where  either  by  them- 
sfclvcs,  or  with  brethren  of  their  own 
color,  they  can  have  governments  | 
and  rulers  of  their  own,  and  build  up 
independent  and  flourishing  Chris- 
tian States.  Can  they  hope  ever  to  ] 
do  it,  anywhere,  on  this  Western 
Continent?  We  shall  see.  | 

Our  duty  to  Free  Colored  Persons.  | 
In  expressing  my  deep  and  settled  | 
conviction  that  the  free  blacks  can  j 
24  ' 


never  enjoy  the  blessings  of  a 
free  and  independent  republic  of 
their  own,' anywhere  on  this  cotiti- 
tient,  and  looking  across  the  ocean 
to  their  fatherland,  ' where  sui  h a 
government  has  tdready  beeti  estab- 
lished by  their  brethren,  who  stand 
ready  with  open  arms  to  receive 
them  ; and  poititing  them  to  it  as 
their  rightful  heritage  tind  home,  I 
have  not  anticipated  the  speedy  emi- 
gration of  so  many  hundred  thou- 
sands. It  must  be  a work  of  t?me. 
Nor,  if  they  were  all  willing  to  emi- 
grate, atid  the  funds  could  be  raised 
to  send  them,  do  I think  that  the 
majority  of  them  are  yet  jirepared 
to  go,  and  help  build  up  a great 
Christian  empire  in  Africa.  Dis- 
franchised, neglected  atid  trodden 
down  as  tnost  of  them  have  been 
for  generations,  it  would  be  next  to 
a miracle  if  they  were  now  found  so 
enlightened,  temperate,  ifidiistrious 
and  elevated  in  tin  ir  principles  and 
habits,  as  to  be  safely  trusted  with 
the  choice  of  rulers  and  the  other 
vital  interests  of  a rising  and  not 
yet  consolidated  State. 

If  I tnistake  not,  this  is  a point 
which  has  been  too  much  overlooked 
by  the  friends  of  colotiization.  It 
would  be  a curse,  and  not  a bless- 
ing, for  the  young  republic  to  re- 
ceive into  its  bosom  an  nverwhelm- 
itig  mass  of  ignorant,  shiftless  and 
(lis.sipated  iinmigratits  from  the  U.' 
S.  A.,  or  any  other  part  of  the  world. 
Now,  it  cannot  be  denied,  that  while 
in  the  aggregate,  the  number  of  tree 
blacks  who  would  make  good  citi- 
zens anywhere  is  large — is  greater 
than  all  the  Colonization  Societies 
couid  receive,  were  fhey  to  offer 
themselves, — much  remains  to  be 
done  for  the  masses,  espeiually  in 
the  slave  States,  before  tliey  can  he 
safely  carried  back  to  the  native 
shores  of  their  ancestors.  They 
must  be  encouraged ; they  must 


370  Rev.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization.  [December,- 


have  the  Bible  and  be  brought  un- 
der the  sound  of  the  Gospel.  Tliey 
must  be  kindly  lured  into  habits  of 
industry  and  ecottoniy;  their  chil- 
dren fiinst  be  educated.  All  this 
and  more  must  be  done  for  them, 
and  we  must  do  it. 

Tiiere  i.s  no  need  of  telling  them 
“you  must  go  back  to  Africa,  and 
we  are  doing  this  to  prepare  you 
and  your  children  to  returti.”  Leave 
that  to  their  own  choice,  under  the 
orderiiig  of  a wise  and  benevolent 
Providence.  Whether  they  go  or 
stay,  it  is  our  duty  to  do  every  thing 
we  can  to  enlighten  and  save  them. 
The  way  to  convince  them  how 
much  better  off  they  would  be  in 
Liberia  or  Cape  Palmas,  than  they 
are  or  can  hope  to  be  in  this  coun- 
try, is  to  elevate  them,  to  give  them 
larger  and  more  comprehensive 
views  of  their  interests  and  the  desti- 
nies of  their  posterity.  Parents 
who  are  comfortably  well  ofl'  in  our 
older  States,  and  who  w'onld  ratlier 
remain  and  die  where  they  were 
born,  often  break  up  and  move  a 
thousand  miles  beyond  the  lakes 
and  rivers  of  the  West,  for  the  sake 
of  leaving  their  children  “ in  a large 
place,”  and  why  should  not  our 
colored  brethren,  iffully  enlightened, 
be  influenced  by  like  motives  to 
cross  the  ocean,  when  otherwise  they 
would  prefer  staying  where  they  are. 
Many  of  the  better  sort  have  done 
it  already,  and  I nothing  doubt,  that 
the  number  will  be  increased  in  pro- 
portion as  we  do  our  duty  towards 
educating  and  preparing  them  to  go 
and  cast  in  their  lot  with  brethren 
of  their  own  color,  where  they  can 
“ be  free  indeed.” 

The  fact  that  so  many  listen  to 
other  counsels,  now,  should  not 
discourage  us  at  all.  It  often  takes 
time  to  convince  men  where  their 
true  and  best  interests  lie.  Light  is 
breaking,  in  spite  of  all  that  can  be 


done  to  keep  it  out.  Apjilieations 
from  respectable  families,  that  have 
set  their  faces  towards  their  proper 
home  in  Africa,  are  steadily  in- 
creasing. Oihers  who  are  not  yet 
quite  ready,  are sendingoiit  delegates 
to  see  this  good  land,  and  are  mak- 
ing their  arrangements  to  go  over 
and  possess  it.  I know  that,  do 
what  we  can  to  prepare  the  present 
generation  of  free  blacks  for  so 
great  a boon  as  the  largest  liberty 
under  the  rising  star  of  Liberia, 
many  will  choose  to  remain.  But 
if  most  of  them  should,  what  we  do 
to  enlighten  and  educate  them,  will 
make  them  better  and  happier  here 
than  they  could  be  without  such  en- 
couragement; and  their  children, 
if  educated  for  true  freedom,  as 
they  should  be  and  can  be,  will  turn 
their  longing  eyes  towards  the 
promised  land,  and  will  find  some 
means  of  passing  over  to  possess  it. 
The  time  will  come  when  you  cannot 
hinder  them  if  you  would.  “ Why 
should  we  stay  here,”  they  will  say, 
“ a degraded  caste,  doomed,  the' 
great  body  of  us,  and  our  children 
forever,  to  th.e  most  menial  employ- 
ments, and  unable,  in  many  [ilaces, 
to  find  even  these,  to  earn  our  daily 
bread,  when  in  thirty  days  we  car> 
reach  our  fatherland,  and  there  en- 
joy all  the  social,  civil,  political,  ed- 
ucational, and  religious  privileges, 
which  white  men  do  in  America?” 
They  will  go,  and  may  the  Lord  go 
with  them. 

But  I repeat  what  I just  now  said, 
they  must  be  prepared  to  value  such 
privileges,  and  to  become  good  and 
useful  citizens  of  the  commonwealth 
which  receives  them,  before  they  gOr 
So  far  from  inducing  the  idle  and 
vicious  to  emigrate  to  Liberia,  if  I 
could,  I would  discourage  them^ 
every  way  in  my  power.  She  wanU 
none  but  sober,  industrious  familiet* 
to  come.  To  this  point,  therefore. 


1851.] 


Rev.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


371 


let  our  attention  and  efforts  be  es- 
pecially directed.  While  we  con- 
tribute liberally  to  send  out  those 
who  are  pre|)ared,  in  the  sense  just 
stated,  and  willing  to  go,  let  us  con- 
sider how  much  preparatory  work 
is  to  be  done.  In  this  regard  we 
are  verily  guilty  concerning  our  col- 
ored brethren.  We  have  not  done 
what  we  could  to  encourage  the  bet- 
ter class  of  them — to  reclaim  the 
vicious,  to  educate  the  ignorant,  and 
to  bring  them  all  under  moral  and 
religious  influences. 

In  the  village  where  Providence 
is  permitting  me  to  spend  the  even 
ing  of  life,  we  have  a colored  church 
and  congregation,  with  a jrlensant 
house  of  worship  and  a settled  pas 
tor.  The  Home  Missionary  Society 
of  the  county  lend  their  aid  to  sup- 
port the  minister,  and  the  benevolent 
people  of  the  village  do  something 
more.  While  they  were  destitute, 
the  ministers  of  other  congregations 


often  preached  for  them,  and  1 have  1 
had  the  privilege  of  occupying  their ! 
pulpit  again  and  again.  Still,  we  I 
are  not  doing  enough  for  these  three  ; 
or  four  hundred  of  our  population. — j 
And  the  same,  I fear,  may  be  said  ' 
everywhere.  They  are  too  much 
neglected.  I 

Should  any  earnest  adviser  of  the 
colored  people  to  remain  in  the  free  : 
States  and  contend  for  their  rights,  I 
say,  “This  is  just  what  I think. — 
All  you  plead  for  ought  to  be  done 
and  more.  This  is  the  way  to  pre- 
pare them  for  the  enjoyment  of  equal 
privileges  here,  and  induce  them  to 
stay ; and  this  is  what  we  have  been 
contending  for  these  thirty  years.” 
My  answer  is.  Every  man  has  a right 
to  his  opinion  and  to  express  it. — 
Mine  is  directly  the  opposite.  I firm- 
ly believe  that  the  more  we  do  to 
enlighten  the  free  backs  amongst  us, 
to  prepare  them  for  liberty  in  the 
largest  and  best  sense,  the  more 


anxious  they  will  be  to  leave  us  and 
go  where  they  can  enj'<y  it  ; and  if 
1 did  not,  I would  still  hold,  that  we 
have  a great  duty  to  perform  for  their 
sakes  and  for  our  own,  if  they  abide 
in  the  land.  The  more  we  do  to 
improve  their  condition,  the  more 
sources  ofhappiness  they  will  have, 
the  more  indutrious,  moral  and  reli- 
gious they  will  be  and  the  better 
members  of  society. 

My  doctrine  is  take  hold  of  these 
five  hundred  thousand  free  blacks, 
and  lift  them  up;  educate  them  as 
fast  as  you  can  ; give  them  all  tlie 
Bible ; give  them  the  Gospel ; fit 
them  for  the  blessings  of  liberty  and 
rights  ofcitizenship  in  the  land  that 
waits  for  their  coming,  and  then, 
when  they  are  prepared  for  those 
privileges  which  they  can  never  en- 
j'ly  in  this  country,  I have  no  doubt 
they  will  be  anxious  to  emigrate,  and 
that  God  in  his  providence  will  pro- 
vide the  means. 

Much  as  our  white  brethren  in  the 
slave  States  want  to  get  rid  ofthe  free 
blacks,  we  n.ust  not  do  them  the 
injustice  to  suppose  that  they  wish 
to  drive  them  out  as  vagabonds, 
having  nowhere  to  go.  Surely  they 
will  hesitate  a great  while  before 
proceeding  to  so  cruel  an  extremity. 
Let  them,  then,  lose  no  more  time, 
but  use  every  suitable  means  to  fit 
this  anomalous  class  oftheir  popula- 
tion for  all  the  blessings  of  fre*» 
citizenship  in  Africa,  and  help  them 
to  go  back  just  as  fast  as  the  nature 
of  the  case  will  allow.  Some  of  the 
States  have  made  liberal  appropria- 
tions already,  and  I doubt  not  others 
will,  as  the  necessity  presses  harder 
and  harder,  and  when  they  come  to 
look  more  steadily  at  the  subject  in 
its  momentous  bearings  and  respon- 
sibilities. 

Will  they  be  better  off? 

Depressed  as  the  condition  of  the 
free  blacks  in  theUnited  States  is,  and 


372 


Rev.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


[December, 


hopeless  as  we  believe  tlieir  prospect ' 
to  be  in  ibis  Western  hemispliere.  in 
advisiiiir  tbeiii  to  emigrate  tonnotlier 
coiitiiiPiit,  three  thousand  miles  off, 
and  asking  for  money  to  aid  tliern,  we 
are  bound  to  show  that,  as  a class,  j 
as  a race,  they  would  be  far  better , 
off  tliere  than  here.  It  might  in-  i 
deed  be  the  duty  of  some  of  the  | 
most  pious  and  intelligent  of  their  j 
number  to  go  to  Africa  and  labor 


for  the  temporal  and  spiritual  good 
of  their  brethren,  if  they  were  in 
every  respect  as  well  situated  here 
as  we  are;  just  as  it  is  the  duty  of 
white  missionaries  to  leave  kindred, 
and  couniry,  and  all  that  their  hearts 
most  fondly  cling  to,  and  go  and 
wear  out  their  lives  in  foreign 
lands.  It  probably  would  be  their 
duty;  lor  Africa  must  be  Christian- 
ized, and,  as  I shall  show  in  another 
place,  colored  missionaries  and 
teachers  are,  on  several  accounts, 
best  adapted  to  the  service  in  that 
great  field.  But  w'aiving  this,  if  we 
cannot  demonstrate,  that  it  would 
be  greatly  for  the  advantage  of  our 
free  coloreil  population  to  be  colo- 
nized with  their  brethren  who  have 
already  gone  to  Western  Africa,  let 
them  by  all  means  stay  where  they 
are,  ;ind  let  us  do  them  all  the  good 
in  our  power. 

What,  theti,  is  there  to  invite 
them  back  to  Africa  ? We  have  seen 
what  their  condition  is,  and  is  likely 
to  be,  in  America.  In  what  respect 
would  it  be  improved  by  emigrating 
to  Liberia? 

In  the  first  place,  the  climate  of 
Africa  is  far  more  congenial  to  black 


me.n  than  ours  in  the  Northern  Slates, 
and  quite  as  much  so  as  at  the  ex- 
treme South.  It  is  going  home. — 
The  torrid  zone  was  made  for  them, 
and  they  were  made  for  it.  I know 
that  many  frightful  statements  with 
regard  to  the  unhealihiness  of  the 
climate  have  been  industriously  cir- 


culated, to  discourage  emigration; 
and  it  is  true  that  white  men  cannot 
safely  settle  anywhere  on  the  coast, 
north  of  the  equator,  and  south  of 
the  Senegal.  It  is  true,  too,  that 
colored  etnigrants  must  passthrough 
the  acclimating  fevfir,  soon  after 
their  tirrival ; and  that,  ow  ing  to 
gretit  expositres  and  want  of  medi- 
cal attendance,  many  of  the  first 
colonists  were  swept  ofi’by  it.  But 
who  does  not  know  that  diseases, 
more  or  less  fatal,  are  incident  to  all 
new'  settlements? 

The  mortality  even  among  the 
first  company  tliat  went  out  and 
landed  on  the  low  and  sickly  island 
of  Sherbro  was  far  less  than  among 
the  first  seitlers  of  iM  issachusetts 
and  Virginia.  Half  the  precious 
little  colony  brought  over  in  the  May 
Flower  w'ere  buried  before  spring, 
and  the  “ first  three  iitiempts  to 
plant  a colony  in  Virginia  totally 
failed.  In  six  month<,  ninety  of 
the  hundred  settlers  who  landed  at 
Jamestow'ii  died.  Subsequently  in 
the  same  brief  period,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  that  colony  were  reduced 
Ixom five  hundred  sixty.”  Nothing 

like  this  sweeping  mortality  has 
ever  been  experienced,  among  the 
emigrants  to  Liberia.  Indeed,  it 
would  be  easy  to  show,  had  we 
time,  that  emigrants  from  New 
England  to  the  alluvial  bottoms  of 
the  VVcst  now  sufier  a great  deal 
more  from  sickness,  than  the  color- 
ed people  do  in  going  to  Western 
Africa.  It  takes  them  years  to  get 
acclimated  iti  most  of  otir  new 
States  and  Territories,  while  it  costs 
our  colored  brethren  scarcely  a 
month  in  Liberia,  or  Cape  Biilma-s, 
under  the  present  treatment  of 
such  colored  physicians  as  Drs. 
Roberts  and  Smith.  It  is  found,  by 
comparing  the  bills  of  mortality, 
that  the  proportion  of  deaths  is 
greater  in  Philadelphia  and  New 


1851.] 


Rev.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


York  iliitii  in  Monrovia.  So  far  as  ' 
the  climate  is  concerned,  Uierefore,  j 
tlie  AlVican  race  are  safer  tliere  j 
than  here.  I 

In  the  second  place',  after  a year  or 
two,  it  is  easier  gettiii!^  a living  in 
Liberia  ilian  liere.  Tropical  fruits 
of  all  kinds  grow  in  tliegretilest  |)ro- 
fusioii — many  of  them,  as  the  pine  | 
apple,  spmitiineously : so  tliat  a j 
cliild  lost  in  the  woods  would  be  I 
in  little  danger  of  starving.  Under  | 
the  liHiid  of  cultivation,  two  harvests  j 
in  a year  reward  the  laborer  for  his  j 
toil ; or  rather,  as  they  have  no  win- 
ter, and  the  soil  is  exceedingly  rich, 
it  is  seed  lime  atid  harvest  all  the 
year  round.  Any  body  can  live 
comfortably  there,  with  btit  mode- 
rate industry,  who  can  live  any- 
where. 

Nay  more — who  that  will,  can 
make  liitnself  independent  iti  a few' 
years.  “ Every  settler  receives  a ' 
grant  of  five  acres  of  good  land,  and 
he  and  his  fiiniily  are  supported  si.x 
months  tifter  their  arrival.  These 
five  acres  may  Ire  improved  so  as  to 
be  an  ample  support  for  any  family. 
One  acre  will  prodtice  $300  worth 
of  indigo — haH'  an  acre  u'lll  raise  a 
thousaml  poumis  of  arrow-root — 
five  acres  will  plant  one  thousand 
two  hundred  and  fifty  coffee  trees, 
wliich  at  five  years  old  will  for  thirty 
years  bear  six  pounds  to  llie  tree — 
cotton  will  stand  many  years  with- 
out repi.anting,  attd  half  an  acre  will  ' 
yield  etiough  every  year  to  clothe  a 
whole  family — one  acre  ol Cone  will 
furnish  stigar  attd  preserves  abun- 
dantly— one  acre  in  fruit  trees  will 
give  more  banatia.*,  planttiins,  or- 
anges,  pawpaws  and  pine  apples  i 
than  any  family  can  eat.  One  acre 
will  give  fresh  veijetables  ten  months  ' 
tn  a year,  suflicient  for  twenty  per- 
sons. Hogs,  poultry,  See.,  may  be  |' 
raised  at  pleasure.  So  far,  then,  as  ij 
the  means  of  comfortable  living  j 


from  agriculture  are  to  be  taken  in- 
to account,  what  can  any  body  wish 
for  more  Indeed  the  danger,  if 
any,  is,  that  the  colonists  will  find 
they  can  live  too  easy;  that  they 
will  not  have  sufficient  stimulii.s  to 
industry  and  enterprise.  If  any  of 
the  emigrants  wish  to  engage  in 
trade  and  commerce,  a boundless 
interior  opens  before  them,  and 
there  are  no  assignable  limits  to  the 
exports  and  iinporls  which  in  due 
time  will  (loat  u()on  the  rivers, 
crowd  their  harbors,  and  fill  their 
warehouses.  And  then,  again,  to 
ail  the  mechanical  trades  Liberia 
offers  every  encouragetnent  that  can 
reasonably  be  desired. 

But  prudent  men  want  something 
more  than  the  promi.-^e  of  healtli  and 
plenty,  to  allure  them  to  a new  home 
in  a distant  land.  They  want  the 
nieatis  and  facilities  for  educating 
their  children.  They  want  schools. 
They  want  books.  Tliey  want  news- 
paper.-!.  Tiiey  want  all  the  me. ins 
of  social  and  intellecttial  improve- 
ment; and  I remark, 

hi  the  third  place,  that  colored 
emigrants  from  this  country  will 
find  these  advantages  awaiting  their 
arrival  in  Liberia,  to  a degree  ihtii  is 
truly  wotiderful,  consideriitg  tin;  age 
of  the  colony,  and  the  ctrctim.-tances 
under  which  it  w;is  planted.  Al- 
ready thev  have  in  Monrovia  an 
academy  lor  boys  and  a high  .-chool 
for  girls.  Here,  and  at  the  other 
settlements  tilong  the  coa^t,  and  on 
the  banks  of  the  river,  they  have 
common  schools  accei-sible  to  the 
poorest  ftimilies,  just  as  in  New 
Enghmd,  and  in  one  resjiect  tliey  go 
beyond  us.  In  Liberia,  jitirents  tire 
obliged  by  law  to  send  their  children 
to  school  a certain  part  of  the  year, 
under  a jiretty  heavy  penalty.  It  is 
true  she  is  yet  poor.  She  wants 
help  to  raise  the  standard  of  popular 
education,  and  to  found  highei  semi- 


374 


Rev.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


[December 


iiarles.  She  mmt  have  it.  She 
tvill  have  it,  and  if  not  “ right  early,” 
ft  will  come  in  due  time.  Even 
now,  funds  are  lield  in  trust,  as  I 
shall  have  occasion  to  show,  for 
establishing  a college,  as  soon  as 
the  way  is  prepared  for  it. 

Why  should  they  Colonize.' 

In  the  fourth  place;  the  high  ad- 
vantages of  moral  improvemeni  and 
the  means  of  religious  instruction 
in  Liberia,  hold  out  the  strongest 
inducements  to  our  free  colored 
people  to  emigrate.  There  are  now 
twenty-three  or  four  churches,  and 
more  than  that  number  of  preachers 
of  the  Gospel  in  Liberia;  and  more 
communicants  in  the  churches,  in 
proportion  to  the  emigrant  popula- 
tion, than  can  be  found  hardly  any- 
where in  the  United  Stales  of  Ame- 
rica. They  have  enjoyed  powerful 
revivals  of  religion,  in  which  some 
of  the  natives,  coming  down  from 
the  interior,  have  shared.  The 
Sabbath  is  more  strictly  observ- 
ed than  in  most  of  our  New 
England  towns  and  villages,  and 
the  state  of  public  morals  is  quite 
as  good. 

I know  what  horrifying  stories 
and  prophesyings  there  have  been 
to  discourage  emigration.  But  ask 
the  m.i'St  intelligent  Brili.'h  and 
American  officers  who  have  been 
upnii  that  coast,  and  often  visited 
IMonrovia  ; ask  them  how  the  colo- 
nists appear  there — how  they  live — 
what  they  are  doing — what  their  con- 
dition and  prospcct.s,  and  their  an- 
.swers  will  make  your  heart  glad. 
They  are  most  agreeably  disap- 
pointed. They  are  astonished  at 
what  they  witness  of  the  sobriety, 
comfort,  intelligence  and  general 
prosperity  of  the  colonists.  Ask 
everybody  who  has  touched  upon 
that  coast,  within  the  last  four  or 


five  years,  and  nine  out  of  ten  will 
tell  you  that  the  black  men  are 
infinitely  better  off  there  than  in 
America. 

In  the  fifth  place ; the  inestimable 
blessings  of  liberty  and  indepen- 
dence, under  an  established  repub- 
lican government,  invite  every  co- 
lored man,  woman  and  child  in 
this  country,  who  can  get  there,  to 
cross  the  ocean  as  soon  as  possible, 
and  enter  the  promised  latui.  There 
they  will  find  a new  empire,  a rapid- 
ly extending  republic  of  black  men, 
the  first  on  the  page  of  history,  al- 
ready beginning  to  excite  the  admi- 
ration of  the  world,  and  acknowl- 
edged as  an  independent  Slate  by 
the  most  powerful  nations.  There 
she  stands,  looking  out  upon  the 
great  sea,  under  a government  as 
regularly  organized  and  as  promptly 
administered  as  if  she  had  been 
there  a century.  There  is  her  noble 
first  President,  writing  messages  and 
state  papers,  which  would  do  honor 
to  any  of  our  chief  magistrates,  and 
constantly  recogMising  the  good  hand 
of  God,  in  guiding  and  protecting 
the  young  Republic,  in  terms  which 
remind  ns  much  more  of  our  early 
Puritan  governors,  than  of  their  late 
successors.  Th/*re,  on  the  heights 
of  IMonrovia,  stands  her  sttite-house, 
over  which  w'avcs  her  striped  na- 
tional banner,  snrmounted  by  a new 
and  just  ri.sen  star,  as  bright  as  any 
of  the  thirty-one  in  our  own  glori- 
ous galaxy.  There,  when  her  legis- 
lature is  in  session,  you  will  find 
the  Senators  and  Representatives  of 
the  peo|)le,  nearly  all  of  them  pro- 
fessorsof  religion,  engaged  in  earnest 
deliberation,  upon  matters  pertain- 
ing to  the  public  weal.  On  the 
bench  yon  will  find  grave  and  dig- 
nified judges,  listening  to  the  argu- 
ments of  counsel,  charging  juries, 
and  administering  justice,  with  an 
imparliulity  worthy  of  universal  con- 


3851.] 


Rev.  Dr.  Humphrey  on  Colonization. 


375 


fidence.  In  this  infiint  slate,  you 
will  find  every  department  of  the 
government  filled  by  colored  men. 
Not  a single  white  man  holds  an 
-office  I here  ; and  tlie  kws  are  as 
promptly  administered  as  they  are 
■under  onr  government.  When  yon 
have  seen  and  considered  all  this 
and  more,  tell  us  what  you  think  of 
the  oft-reiterated  dictum,  that  the 
African  race  are  doomed  by  Provi- 
dence to  everlasting  servitude — that 
they  are  not  capable  of  self-govern- 
ment. In  the  first  jilace,  it  is  an 
impeachment  of  Divine  wisdo.na  and 
benevolence.  God  never  made  a 
race  of  men  so  inferior,  that  when 
civilized  and  Christianized,  they 
cannot  govern  themselves;  and  then 
here  is  a demonstrative  proof,  that 
black  men  can  and  do  jrovern  them- 
selves as  well  as  while  men,  and 
thus  far,  in  some  respects,  belter; 
better,  certainly,  than  the  great  so- 
called  Republic  of  France,  which 
claims  to  stand  at  the  head  of  civili- 
zation, and  infinitely  more  likely  to 
inainiain  national  liberty. 

Such  is  the  asylum  which  God, 
who  is  excellent  in  counsel  and 
wonderful  in  working,  has  prepared 
for  our  free  colored  people  in  Af- 
rica; healiliy  and  fruitful,  olFering 
•educational  and  religious  privileges 
which  they  cannot  enjoy  here,  and 
where  they  can  lie  free  indeed. 
Does  not  the  Colonizaiion  enter- 
prise, tlipii,  for  which  I plead,  com- 
mend itself  to  the  cool  judgment, 
the  sound,  cotntnoti  setise,  the  libe- 
ral patronage,  and  fervent  prayers  of 
•every  enli.dupned  friend  of  religion 
and  hutivmity  ? 

As  I Ids  is  the  view  I lake  of  it, 
and  in  wliich  I ant  more  and  more 
confirmed  every  flay,  liow  can  I 
help  wishing  that  I had  a voi'c  loud 
enottgh  to  sound  throtigh  the  latid  ; 
that  I could  persuade  thousatids 
who  would  make  good  citizens  of 


the  Liberian  Republic  to  emigrate, 
and  the  benevolent  among  us  to 
furnish  all  the  necessary  means  to 
carry  them  back  to  their  own  land. 
Even  if  I thought  they  would  be  no 
better  off  there  than  here,  I would 
urge  thetn  to  go  for  their  children’s 
sake. 

To  bring  the  matter  home  to  my 
own  case  and  fire-side,  this  is  rny 
deliberate  atid  solemn  conviction: 
If  I and  n'y  family  had  African  blood 
in  onr  veins,  I would  say  to  my 
children,  “ You  see  what  degrada- 
tioti  your  color  dooms  you  to  here. 
You  cati  never  be  men  in  this  coun- 
try. If  you  can  find  any  way  of 
getting  to  Africa,  do  not  hesitate 
for  an  hour.  It  w'ill  be  hard  part- 
ing with  you,  if  1 must,  but  go,  and 
the  Lord  go  with  yon.  Nay,  tdd  as 
I am,  I cannot  stay  behitid.  I can- 
not live  long  either  here  or  there; 
but  take  me  alotig  with  you.  I 
want  to  see  that  good  latid.  I want 
to  breathe  a little  while  as  freely  as 
the  white  men  do  in  America.  I 
want  to  kiK)w  how  it  seems  to  be  a 
man  before  I die;  when  I die,  I 
want  to  be  buried  in  a free  soil,  and 
to  leave  you  free  and  liap|)y.”  Nay, 
if  the  means  of  procuring  a passa  ge 
for  my  family  to  Liberia  coulil  be 
obtained  in  no  other  way,  I would 
lieie  for  the  motiey  from  door  to  door. 
Atid  tiow,  to  plead  with  and  for 
others  is  tny  tinderstnnding  of  the 
Golden  Rtile  ; I do  as  I w'onld  be 
done  by ; my  conscietiee  bearing 
me  witness,  atid  so  strongly  that  it 
would  not  let  me  rest,  if  I were  to 
remain  silent. 

I know  our  colored  brethren 
have  had  other  counsellors,  and 
have  listened  to  them.  " This  is 
yonr  native  land,”  say  they  ; “ you 
were  born  here,  and  you  have  as 
good  right  to  stay  as  any  white  man 
who  advises  yon  to  etnigrate  to  Li- 
beria. Stay  where  you  are,  and 


376 


List  of  Emigrants. 


[December, 


stand  up  for  your  rights  till  you  get ! 
tlieiii.”  But  how  are  they  to  get  ; 
lliem  ? -Would  any  body  advise 
them  to  resort  to  the  sword  for  re- 
dress ; to  rise  and  force  theu)selves 
up  to  a social  and  political  level 
with  a vastly  out-numbering  white 
popu'ation  ? Surely  no  body  would 
give  ilu  m any  such  advice.  It 
would  be  madness  for  ^heni  to  at- 
tempt it,  in  this  way,  if  they  might. 
As  well  might  a few  and  scattered  j 
Swiss  peasants,  clinging  with  half-  ' 
frozen  lingers  to  the  clilfs  of  the 
Alp.s,  rebel  against  the  avalanches.  I 
“ You  were  born  here,  and  have 
a rig/it  to  stay.”  Who  disputes  the 
rig/it  t I do  not.  But  so  were  the 
Israelites  born  in  Egy|)t,  and  had  a 
right  to  stay  if  they  pleased.  Their 
fathers  had  been  two  hundred  \ears  I 
longer  in  Egy|)t,  than  the  children  , 
of  Ham  have  been  in  America.  But 
was  it  not  better  to  return  to  Ca- 
naan, whence  their  fathers  came, 
and  there  build  up  a great  natit  n, 
than  to  remain  in  bondage,  or  than 
to  have  remained,  if  they  could  have 
been,  though  not  slaves,  no  freer, 
no  belter  off  than  the  colored  peo- 
ple are  amongst  tis  I would  com- 
pel no  free  black  to  go  to  Liberia,  if 


I could  ; but  I would  fain  persuade 
many  thousands.  While  theychoo.se 
to  remain,  let  us  do  them  all  the 
good  in  our  power.  Let  us  wait 
paiientlv  the  openings  of  Provi- 
dence, and  help  pre|)are  them  for 
going  home  as  fast  as  they  can.  As 
fast  as  they  are  willing  to  go,  let  us 
help  them.  As  their  prospects  grow 
darker  and  darker  here,  and  brighter 
and  brighter  in  Africa,  they  will  sec 
where  their  interest  lies,  and  be  im- 
))atient  to  be  gone.  I have  much 
greater  fears  that  there  w ill  be  a lack 
of  funds  to  aid  them,  than  that  there 
will  be  any  want  of  applicants  to 
emigrate. 

If  colonization  could  uroe  no 
other  plea  for  money  but  this,  that 
it  is  bestowing  priceless  blessings 
upon  the  free  blacks  in  the  United 
States  of  America,  to  carry  them 
back  to  their  fatherland  as  fast  as 
they  wish  to  go,  I should  regard  it  as  a 
benevolent  enterprise,  second  to  no 
other  of  the  age.  But  this  is  only 
one  of  its  benign  aspects.  There 
are  other  cogent  argutnents,  (un- 
au'werable  they  :i|)pear  to  me.) 
either  of  which  recommends  the 
cause  to  my  warm  enlistment  and 
hutnble  advocacy. 


List  of  Emigrants, 

By  the  Barque  Morgan  Dix,  Capluin  WaMngUn  Coward,  from  Ballimore,  .Xovemberl, 

18.51,  for  Bassa. 


6 

Names. 

CD 

bp 

Occupation 

Education. 

Religion. 

Born 
free  or 
slave. 

Remarks. 

Culpeper  Co., 

Va. 

1 

Miirg.aret  Mille 

2G 

W eaver, 

Baptist, 

Slave, 

Em.byMi.ss  Aliller 

2 

[lenrieLla  “ 

dtr. 

7 

do. 

do. 

.3 

John  .Tn.-Jepli  “ 

son 

6 

do. 

do. 

4 

.ludvA'nn  “ 

dtr. 

;i 

do. 

do. 

5 

Eniilv  Miller 

.3.5 

do. 

do. 

6 

Aiticrt  “ 

son 

14 

do. 

do. 

T 

Susan  Eliz.  “ 

dtr. 

8 

do. 

do. 

1851.] 


List  of  Emigrants* 


377 


Names. 

Occupation 

Education 

Religion. 

d 

Ot 

b/ 

< 

8 

Mary  Miller, 

dtr 

r 

9 

Lotty  M.  “ 

10 

Charles  S.  “ 

sot 

11 

Eliza  Miller, 

37 

Weaver, 

read. 

Baptist, 

12 

George  Wni. 

“ son 

1 

13 

Mary  Miller, 

4(1 

Spinner, 

> 

14 

Lucy  M 

dtr 

IS 

Baptist, 

15 

Catlui’e  M.  “ 

(i 

17 

do. 

16 

Sarah  Jane  “ 

15 

17 

Joanna  “ 

( ( 

14 

18 

Fayette  W.  ‘ 

son 

11 

19 

Ed.  flenry  ‘ 

i"  ( t 

9 

20 

Philip  M.  ‘ 

( ({ 

5 

21 

Andrew  J.  ‘ 

( (< 

3 

22 

George  E.  “ 

gr.  ch. 

4 

mos. 

23 

Lucy  Miller, 

46 

read, 

2 4 

Lotty  “ 

dtr. 

23 

Seamstress 

Baptist, 

25 

James  E.  “ 

son 

21 

Shoemaker 

read. 

26 

27 

Mary  F.  “ 
Eliza  Ann  “ 

dtr. 

(( 

17 

16 

Baptist, 

28 

Harriet  M.  “ 

a 

15 

29 

Matilda  C.  “ 

9 

30 

Peter  M iller. 

33 

Shoemaker 

read. 

Baptist, 

31 

Alexander  Miller, 

30 

do. 

32 

Infant, 

2 

mos. 

33 

do. 

2 

mos. 

Rockbridpe  Co.,  Va. 

34 

Henry  Alexander, 

54 

Cooper, 

35 

Hannah  “ 

wife 

50 

Presby. 

36 

Eliziilieth  “ 

dtr 

9 

Co. 

Va. 

37 

Zechariali  Miller, 

34 

Farmer, 

read&.  write 

Meth. 

;8 

Lucinda 

wife 

30 

39 

David  J.  “ 

SOI 

6 

40 

Sarah  C.  “ 

dir. 

2 

41 

Wm.  A. 

9 

42 

George  R.  “ 

Hi  5- 

( 

43 

MaryF.  “ 

6 

44 

Lucinda  “ 

2 ^ 

3 

45 

James  Miller, 

30 

Farmer, 

46 

Nancy  “ 

wife 

34 

47 

Ha  nah  “ mother 

68 

4 

Tunc  “ '] 

n 

s- 

19 

49 

Levi  “ 

14 

50 

Henry  “ 

9 

51 

Louisa  “ 

F G. 

6 

Sheiiandi  ah  Co.,  Vu. 

52 

Elias  Gnuit, 

3( 

Farmer, 

53 

Jano  “ 

wife  2'. 

Hocking!: am  Co..  Va., 

54 

John  I'e'ers, 

|3C 

Farmer, 

SrVMalilda  “ 

wife'31 

56  Ansy  Ann  “ 

du*.' 

12 

57!.Tolni 

son 

8 

58^1’en  Icton  G.  ‘ 

( 

6 

Born 
free  or 
slave. 


Slave 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
d o. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Free, 

Slave, 

do. 

Free, 
Slave, 
do. 
do. 
Pre  , 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


Kemarks, 


Em.  by  Miss  Miller 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do, 
do. 
do, 
do. 
do. 
do, 
do. 
do, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do, 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Eni.byJ.  Hamilton, 
do. 


Piir.  by  lierhusb’d. 
Pur.  by  father, 
do. 


378 


List  of  Emigrants, 


[Derember, 


6 

Names. 

bo 

Occupation 

Education. 

Religion. 

Born 
free  or 
slave. 

Remarks. 

Co.,  Va. 

59 

Peier  S.  Rin;^old, 

65 

Farmer, 

Baptist, 

Free, 

CO 

Nancy  “ wife 

3i) 

do. 

61 

W tn.  N.  “ son 

19 

do. 

62 

Lucinda  “ dir. 

16 

do. 

63 

Mary  C.  “ 

14 

do. 

64 

David  A..  “ son 

12 

do. 

65 

Daniel  .T.  “ “ 

10 

do. 

66 

S rah  E.  “ dtr. 

8 

do. 

67 

Harvey  M.“  son 

6 

do. 

68 

Charles  Glen, 

25 

Farmer, 

do. 

69 

Francis  “ wife 

21 

do. 

70 

George  Vaney, 

60 

Farmer, 

do. 

71 

Polly  “ wife 

56 

do. 

72 

Stewart  “ son 

23 

do. 

73 

Sarah  C.  “ dtr. 

18 

do. 

74 

Ellen  “ 

16 

do. 

75 

•Tohn  Henry  “ gr. ch. 

1 

do. 

76 

Betsy  Vaney, 

45 

do. 

77 

William  Rice, 

53 

Baptist, 

do. 

78 

Elijah  Blair, 

(iO 

Farmer, 

read, 

Melh. 

Slave, 

Em. by  G.  Rubush. 

79 

Vlaria  “ wife 

50 

do. 

do. 

80 

John  “ son 

14 

Free, 

81 

Sally  “ dtr. 

12 

do. 

82 

Mary  “ “ 

9 

do. 

83 

Susan  “ “ 

7 

do. 

84 

Tames  Seal, 

26 

Farmer, 

do. 

85 

Lewis  Piandolph, 

40 

do. 

readifewrite 

Meth. 

do. 

86 

Nancy  “ wife 

25 

do. 

do. 

Rnckins:hnm  Co.,V.i. 

87 

T rry  Holly, 

34 

read. 

do. 

88 

Louisa  “ wife 

27 

do. 

89 

Tames  “ son 

5 

d 0. 

90 

Tohn  A.  “ “ 

3 

do. 

91 

Thos.  .T.  “ “ 

1 

do. 

92 

Charles  W.  Wdliams 

26 

do. 

93 

Henry  Rice, 

48 

read. 

Meth. 

do. 

94 

eter  Branham, 

30 

Farmer, 

do. 

95 

Mary  wife 

28 

do. 

96 

Rebecca  “ dtr. 

4 

do. 

97 

■Tohn  “ son 

3 

do. 

98 

Mary  “ dtr 

0 

do. 

99 

Samuel  “ son 

1 

d(^. 

00 

Levi  Lewis, 

31 

Farmer, 

do. 

I’enillelon  Cn.,  Va. 

01 

Martha  . r [ilett. 

oo 

read, 

do. 

Frederick  Co  , Va. 

02 

Mary  Lewis, 

24 

do. 

03 

Tohn  Willis, 

61) 

Farmer, 

read. 

Meth. 

do. 

04 

Vlary  “ wife 

35 

do. 

Slave, 

Em.  by  Mr.  Stack- 

house. 

05 

\nne  “ dtr. 

20 

read  & write 

Free, 

06 

Fleming  Jordon, 

34 

do. 

07 

VTaryaret  “ wife 

25 

Slave, 

Pur. by  her  hush’d. 

08 

Charles  Sahry, 

22 

Cab’tmak’r 

Free, 

09 

Phebe  Griggs, 

54 

Baptist, 

do. 

1851.] 


Letter  from  Deserline  Tippon  Harris,  Esq. 


379 


d 

Names. 

■aSy  1 

Occupation 

Education 

Religion. 

Born 
free  or 
slave. 

Remarks. 

110 

Tohn  Griggs,  son 

25 

Farmer, 

Free 

111 

Robert  “ “ 

23 

do. 

read&  write 

do. 

112 

•Tames  “ “ 

15 

do. 

113 

Benjamin  “ “ 

14 

do. 

114 

David  “ “ 

12 

do. 

1)5 

Rebecca  “ dtr. 

10 

do. 

IIG 

Lee  Jefferson, 

24 

do. 

117 

Sarah  Jane  “ wife 

18 

do. 

118 

Charles  W.  “ son 

1 

do. 

119 

Mary  Porter, 

31 

do. 

120 

Mary  “ dtr. 

9 

do. 

121 

Henry  “ son 

7 

do. 

122 

Martha  “ dtr. 

5 

do. 

123 

Emma  “ “ 

3 

do. 

124 

Anna  “ “ 

2 

do. 

125 

Harrison  Murry, 

36 

Blacksmith 

readtfc  write 

do. 

126 

Mary  ” wife 

35 

do. 

127 

Lany  Davis, 

60 

do. 

128 

Harriet  Baker, 

9 

do. 

129 

John  Murry, 

4 

do. 

130 

Charles  Webb, 

22 

do. 

131 

John  Smith, 

43 

Engineer, 

read, 

Epis’pal. 

Slave, 

Pur.  himself. 

132 

Mary  “ wife 

35 

Baptist, 

do. 

Pur.  by  her  hush’d. 

133 

Geo  ge  “ son 

7 

do. 

Emancipated  by 

D.  W.  Barton. 

134 

Fanny  “ dtr. 

2 

Free, 

135 

Frederick  Taggart, 

30 

Slave, 

Em.  by  Rev.  Dr. 

W.  Hill. 

136 

Elijah  .Johnson, 

25 

Free, 

Eliziibrlli  City,  JS".  C 

137 

Tohn  Morris, 

51 

Farmer, 

Meth. 

do. 

138 

Henry  Morris, 

25 

llo. 

read, 

do. 

139 

Grice  Guilford, 

25 

Carpenter, 

Baptist, 

do. 

140 

Tohn  Cartwright, 

23 

Farmer, 

do. 

14i 

Salira  Bo  ties. 

30 

Cook, 

Meth. 

do. 

142 

Mary  Robbins, 

21 

Washer, 

read, 

do. 

143 

Tally  M rris. 

21 

do. 

Edjxeromb  Co  , .A'.  C. 

144 

Sar.-ih  Nellies, 

65 

Slave, 

Era.  by  J.  Nettles. 

145 

Washington  “ son 

24 

Farmer, 

do. 

do. 

146Wedley  “ “ 

20 

do. 

do. 

147  Laura  “ dtr. 

00 

do. 

do. 

]48|Sarah  N.  ” gr.  “ 

3 

do. 

d-^. 

149  Alii  e Ann  .Tones, 

1 

do. 

do. 

Noi'E—Thi  sc  H9,  added  to  tlie  iiiimbiT  pievimisiy  sear,  6,484,  make  6,633  emigrants  sent  to  Li- 
beria by  tlie  Aiiieriean  Colonisation  Society,  and  its  auxiliaries. 


Letter  from  Deserline  Tippon  Harris,  Esq. 


MoNROVtA, 

May  27,  1851. 

Rev.  and  Dear  Sir  : The  sailing  of  the 
“‘Sea  Mew,”  presents  an  opportunity, 
wliich  1 .oecept  to  address  you  a line. 

I was  so  closely  pressed  for  time  just 
prior  to  the  depaiture  of  th°  “ Liberia 
Packet,”  that  1 did  not  say  in  niy  letter 


to  you  by  that  vessel,  a word  concerning 
the  recognition  of  Liberia  by  your  Gov- 
ernment. I noticed  in  an  American  paper 
of  February  last,  which  I received  oppor- 
tunely some  weeks  ago,  that  the  subject 
of  the  recogoilion  of  this  government  had 
received  the  attention  of  the  [Ion  Secreta- 
ry of  State  and  the  President  of  the  United 


3S0 


Letter  from  Dcserline  Tippon  Hams,  Esq. 


[December, 


States,  who  express  tliemselves  favorable 
to  the  measure,  and  would  exert  all  tlie 
influence  in  llieir  powei-,  consistent  with 
the  policy  of  the  United  States  to  cflect  | 
it.  1 am  aware  of  the  pecuUanlies”  that 
this  question  is  most  likely  to  e.xcite  by 
its  agitation  in  your  Government;  yet,  not- 
withstanding,  a sound  and  practical  policy 
would  dictate  the  recognition  of  Liberia 
by  the  United  Slates  and  the  stipulations 
of  a treaty  of  amity  and  commerce  based 
upon  strict  reciprocity.  There  are  seve- 
ral reasons  aliorilnig,  in  my  opinion, 
strong  arguments  in  favor  of  the  act,  which 
are  here  briefly  noticed.  And  first — The 
recollection  of  past  services  rendered  to  the 
Republic  of  America  in  her  infancy,  to 
give  her  a footing  uiton  the  platform  of 
nations,  by  Africans  and  the  descendants 
of  Africa,  some  of  whom,  and  their  chil- 
dren are  now  Liberians — are  facts  that 
strongly  claim  for  tliein.selves  a fair  and 
impartial  consideration.  These  services 
have  not  yet  been  repaid.  Promises  of 
freedom  to  many  who  bore  arms  in  your 
defence  when  struggling  for  your  rights 
against  the  powers  of  a formidable  nation, 
were  not  redeemed.  ’>Iany  Jouglii,  bled, 
and  died,  otheis  were  wounded  for  life,  and 
are  still  unpensioiied  Liberia  now  stands 
forth  and  loudly  calls  for  your  comity — 
for  your  friendship  ; will  you  deny  lier 
even  this  request.  It  is  now  eminently 
within  your  pow  er  to  requite  simeuliat  for 
these  good  oflkes  rendered  when  most 
needed,  and  therefore  the  more  important, 
by  a trank  m knowledgment  of  w hat  ex- 
ists in  fret,  aiifl  what  will  tiiid  must  be  felt 
even  by  those  who  may  not  prove  ihus 
friendl}’ — a free  and  indtpendenl  Slede  ! It 
is  the  duty  and  |iiivilege  of  the  United 
States  to,  and  it  would  be  very  wrong  if 
she  did  not  now  bj-  this  public  act,  |>rove 
what  she  has  so  often  asserted  in  regard  to 
the  m u'al  relations  which  she  susiains  to- 
wards dmnestic  slavery  within  her  bosom. 
Ferbuin  seit. 

Second — The  ntcessihj  of  the  eiibtislence 
of  gflcd  fee  lings  and  a nood  underslcijiding 
bcivun  the  tirv  coimh  ies,  is  an  argument  m 
favor  of  the  measure. 

What  would  so  signally  manifest  to  the 
civilized  world,  and  especially  to  Liberia, 
the  iialional  syiiqiatliy  in  peaetice,  which 
the  United  Stales  have  prol'essed  in  theory 
towards  liie  infant  Kepublic,  as  a manly 
recognition  at  this  time  must  ccriainly  en- 
sure.' iVlarki  d disrespect  oflered  by  one 
individual  to  another, can  have  but  one  ef- 
fect— the  alieimiiou  of  the  good  feelings 
.and  kindly  regards  of  the  slighted,  and 
perhaps  injured  individual,  from  the  one 


who  offered  the  slight  or  injury.  The 
same  cause  invariably  produces  the  .same 
effect,  whether  upon  a lartier  or  smaller 
scale  of  operation.  So  in  relation  to  the 
two  Republics.  If  the  United  States  by 
refusing  to  accede  to  the  recognition  of  the 
independence  of  Liberia,  offers  her  a na- 
tional indignity,  it  ettn  only  produce  the 
same  effect  that  a like  cause  would  pro- 
duce in  the  case  of  two  individuals.  But, 
if  the  conduct  be  different,  be  friendly  and 
sympathetic,  the  feelings  produced  will 
partake  of  the  same  character  ; and  if  the 
two  Republics  act  thins,  they  will  mutually 
promote  each  others  interest  ; a result, 
which,  in  the  very  nature  of  things,  will 
not  and  cannot  be  expected  unless  a mu- 
tually friendly  course  be  pursued.  Liberia 
is  a jealous  and  a stnsilive  nation,  and  is  not 
sufficiently  regardless  ij  her  national  honor 
to  yield  one  tittle  more  to,  than  she  receives 
from  another ; tuid  in  this,  I am  confident 
the  United  States  are  equally  careful.  Re- 
ciprocal action,  it  may  lie  e.xpetied,  will 
be  sedulously  regarded  by  Liberia,  and 
you  are  aware  that  ho.-tility  to  each 
others  interests,  tiiid  embittered  feelings 
towards  each  others  getieral  welfare,  can 
result  in  no  good  to  either  of  the  Repub- 
lics. 

Third — The  imlucemcnts  it  voukl  hold 
foith,  conducive  to  the  pre-motion  of  an  integ- 
ral emigration  from  the  United  States  to  Li- 
beria, may  not  be  regtirded  as  an  insig- 
nificant argument  in  favor  of  the  recogni- 
tion. 

That  the  presence  of  so  large  a commu- 
nity of  people  in  the  United  State-s  as  the 
colored  class  compose — wliere  tlielaws  and 
popular  sentiments  are  frowning  upon,  and 
in  many  places  severely  op|ii  essiiig  them — 
and  which  jieople  too,  are,  in  tlieir  caste, 
intf-reets,  privileges  and  feelings,  so  entire- 
ly dissimilar  from  the  coiistiiutional  com- 
ponents of  tliiit  goieriimeiit,  is  calculated 
to  be  injurious  to  all  classes,  yet,  more  in- 
jurious to  the  weak  and  denisen  class,  and 
yet,  perhaps,  most  injuiious  to  the  ireaker 
peirticn  of  said  class,  is  regarded  as  a 
.stubborn  fart,  supfiorlcd  by  various  and 
trood  poliiicul  atiil  social  reasotis.  It  is 
also  a fact,  and  equally  clear  too,  that  for 
the  United  States  to  resort  to  coercive 
measures  to  rid  hersell  of  tliiscla-ss,  would 
be  a piece  of  injusttce  un  'aralleled,  while 
their  emigration  to  Liberia,  of  tlieir  own 
accord,  wottid  etuire  to  tlieir  benefit,  and 
inspire  within  them  feelings  of  respect  for 
the  government  and  people,  who  aided  in 
any  w’ay  ihe  acquisit.oti  of  their  benefits 
they  woitld  enjoy. 

Now,  it  is  knowti,  that  such  an  emigra- 


1851.] 


Leiler  fro'K  Deserline  Tippon  Harris,  Esq. 


381 


tion  materially  depend.s  upon  the  actions 
that  may  be  had  upon  tliis  question  by 
your  governmeMf.  Tf  Liberia  be  rccoo;- 
uised  l)v  you,  vour  most  sanguine  hopes 
will  be  realized  in  the  willing  emigration 
of  the  free  people  of  color  of  the  United 
States,  t')  Liberia;  and  gradually  others 
will  be  made  free  for  the  same  puqiose  ; 
and  thus  you  will  honestly,  justly,  and 
with  the  design  of  bettering  their  condition, 
get  rid  of  a cla.ss  of  people  the  most  un- 
fortunate in  ther  present  condition,  of  any 
known  in  history.  Not  to  recognise  Li- 
beria, however,  liy  the  United  States,  will 
be  a sure  means  of  preventing  those  happy 
results,  and  may  entail  consequences  op- 
posite anil  dusastrous. 

Fourthly — The  ceytuin  extension  of  our  do- 
main— the  increase  of  our  population — the 
growth  of  arts  and  sciences  among  us,  are 
considerations  of  importance  in  favor  of  the 
measure  I here  commence  by  saying, 
now  is  the  favoralde  moment  for  action  by 
the  United  States  Government.  Liberia 
has  been,  and  is  now  being  felt,  like  Her- 
cules in  his  cradle.  England,  France, 
and  Prussia,  have  acted  promptly  and  wise- 
ly ; they  know  that  Liberia  is  destined  at 
no  very  distant  period.  Colossus-like,  to 
stand  astride  this  vast  continent,  and  their 
jiolicy  dictates  them  a course  which  it  is 
likely  they  will  have  reasons  to  regret. 
And  why  tneii  will  you  stand  aloof,  and 
be  content  at  seeing  vonrrivals  possess  id/of 
V'hatyou  may  rightfully  have  a large  share 

The  affinity  between  our  institutions — i 
the  oneness  of  our  aim — the  sameness  of  | 
political  purpose,  are  feelings  and  princi-  I 
pies  which  should  be  mutually  grafted  into  [ 
the  national  interests  and  foreign  policies  | 
of  the  Uiiited  States  and  Liberia. 

That  we  will  continue  to  stretch  out,  is  I 
certainly  so  olivions  from  what  we  have  ' 
done  that  it  amounts  to  the  highest  degree  of 
probability.  Look  at  what- has  been  ac- 
complished in  three  years.^  At  the  time 
of  the  political  change  in  the  Government 
of  Liberia  our  coastwise  territory  by  actual 
l>urchase  diil  not  extend  farther  northwest 
than  Little  Catie  Mount,  nor  farther  south- 
east than  the  Grand  Cestors  country,  (ex- 
cluding the  intermediate  spots  not  then 
]iurchased,)  a line  of  not  200  miles  in  ex- 
tent ; now  our  borders  are,  on  the  north- 
west, at  the  southern  limit  of  Gallinas  ; 
and  on  the  southeast,  within  a few  miles  of 
Cape  Palmas — in  extent  near  400  miles — 
and  we  have  territory  on  our  northwest, 
by  political  jurisdi-tion,  or  pre-emption,  i 
that  we  do  not  yet  possess  by  purchase;  and 
from  this  increase  in  three  years  it  may  | 


not  be  considered  idle  for  me  to  assert  that 
in  1860  we  shall  have  added  1000  miles 
more  to  our  domains,  for  the  ratio  will 
double  every  five  years  for  every  twenty- 
five  years  to  come,  at  least. 

With  an  increase  of  territory  we  will 
have  an  increase  of  population.  In  Pre- 
sident Roberts’  inaugural  address,  .Tanua- 
ry,  1848,  it  is  stated  that  the  population  of 
Liberia  at  that  time  amounted  to  about 

80.000  souls,  of  whom  about  5,000  were 
colonists.  Since  that  period  the  popula- 
tion has  increased  to  over  200.000  souls, 
III  which  number  there  are  more  than 

8.000  colonists  : thus  the  increase  of  popu- 
lation in  less  than  three  years  has  been 
nearly  equal  to  the  entire  population  for 
twenty-five  years  preceding  the  declara- 
tion of  independence,  ^which  piroves  to  a 
demonstration  the  superiority  in  point  of 
influence,  &c.,  of  the  Jlepublic  of  Lineria, 
over  the  colony  of  Liberia,)  and  from  this 
ratio,  it  is  deducible  that  in  i860 , the  popu- 
lation of  Liberia  will  exceed  800,000  souls, 
in  which  number  there  will  be  over  30,000 
colonists.  1 a.ssert  this  as  a political  fact, 
provable  by  the  same  course  of  reasoning 
and  deductions  that  other  such  facts  are 
proved.  There  were  more  colonists  in 
Liberia  in  1848,  than  at  any  [>eriod  prior 
to  that  date,  at  that  time  the  number  was 
estimated  at  5,000  ; in  1850,  two  years 
thereafter,  the  number  was  e.stimated  at 
8,000,  showing  in  two  years  only,  an  in- 
crease over  the  first  number  equal  to  eight 
over  five,  or  a three-fifths  improvement  in 
the  population.  During  the  first  of  ihese 
two  years,  the  increasp  could  not  have  e.x- 
ceeded  1,100  ; but  during  the  last  year  the 
increase  was  nearly  double  that  of  the  first 
year.  There  are  five  causes  for  this  : first, 
the  means  of  human  subsistence  have  been 
increased  more  abundantly  thin  at  any 
time  before  ; secondly,  immigrations  arc 
larger  and  more  frequent  now  than  be- 
fore ; thirdly,  and  foiirtiily,  marriages 
have  become  much  more  frequent,  and 
births  more  constant ; and,  fifthly,  mortali- 
ty is  comparatively  small.  These  causes 
will  continue  to  exist  and  operate  for  a 
considerable  time  yet,  ami  will  malte  the 
ratio  of  increase  in  our  population  es 
seven  to  four  of  every  two  years  that  will 
precede  the  estimated  yearofactive  influx.* 

That  arts  and  sciences  will  increase 
among  us  is  very  certain.  High  schools 
and  seminaries  are  here,  and  soon  we  will 
have  a college,  which  institutions  will  give 
I tone  and  vigor  to  the  nation,  and  spread 
their  influence  far  and  wide.  Imfirove- 
I nients  have  been  made  in  agriculture. 


We  think  the  author’s  figures  are  rather  too  large. 


382 


Items  of  Intelligence. 


[December, 


architecture,  and  manufactures,  that  prom- 
ise much  good  to  the  country. 

Anoilier  and  a last  argument,  and  one 
that,  by  tlie  United  States,  may  be  con- 
sidered more  important  than  the  others  is, 
that  commercial  cnnsideralions  present  an 
argument  of  the  fir.sl  magnitude  in  favor 
of  the  recognition  of  tlie  independence  of 
Liberia  by  the  United  States  of  North 
America. 

Our  commerce  increases  almost  daily, 
and  must  continue  so  to  do  for  a long  lime 
yet,  before  it  shall  fluctuate.  And  those 
who  ). mu  avail  tliemselves  ofitsbeneliis,and 
assist  in  ils  more  permanent  and  flattei-ing 
establi.shment,  will  then  enjoy  in  prefer- 
ence those  benefits  that  will  arise  there- 
from. 

England  now  receives  her  annual  mil- 
lions from  Africa,  by  means  of  an  inte- 
resting commerce.  France,  too,  is  fol- 
lowing in  her  wake.  The  United  Stales 
may  find  a ready  market  here  for  her 
cheap  manufactures  of  all  kinds  ; (which 
I hope,  however,  will  not  be  the  case  very 
long  ;)  her  pork,  beef,  bacon,  flour,  to- 
bacco, and  other  articles  of  growth,  also, 
will  be  received  by  us  ; for  which  we  cun 
give  in  exchange,  our  coffee,  arrow-root, 
ginger,  pepper,  palm-oil,  camwood,  ivory, 
and  other  valuable  products  of  the  coun- 
try. These  benefits  may  not  be  expected 
to  accrue  from  us  to  another  nation,  by 
whom  we  are  tiot  regarded  as  worthy  o( 
comity  and  national  respect ; nor  so  fur  as 


( her  individual  action  is  concerned,  ad- 
mitted as  a sister  into  the  community  of 
nations. 

The  Liberians  are  a working  people, 
and  are  in  possession  of  the  means  of 
their  own  prosperity,  and  if  used  will  as 
certainly  produce  their  effect  ns  that  life 
will  produce  motion.  And  if  thus  we  fall 
back  upon  our  own  resources,  as  we  may 
justly  do, and  shut  our  doors  against  all  that 
IS  American,  even  as  America  in  the  in- 
cipiency  and  progress  of  her  revolutionary 
struggles  shut  her  doors  against  all  that 
was  British,  thereby  bringing  Britain  to 
those  terms  that  no  other  means  were  con- 
sidered equally  capable  of  accomplishing, 
we  will  be  but  acting  politic,  and  in  ac- 
cordance with  precedent. 

These  are  a few  of  my  views  calmly, 
plainly,  and  succinctly  stated,  upon  the 
grave,  important,  and  to  us,  all-ab.sorbing 
sulijects  of  the  recognition  of  the  Inde- 
peiice  of  the  Republic  of  Liberia  by  the 
United  States  of  North  America. 

Our  affairs  are  moving  forward  peacea- 
bly and  prosperously.  Now  the  election 
is  over,  the  community  and  nation  enjoys 
wanted  quietude  and  peace.  We  are  at 
peace  with  the  world,  and  which  is  better, 
at  peace  with  ourselves! 

Believe  me,  with  high  considerations, sir. 

Your  obedient  humble  servant, 
DESERLINE  TlPPOxN  HARRIS. 
Rev.  Wh.  McL.mn, 

Col.  Rooms,  W.  City,  D.  C. 


Items  of  Intelligence. 


Will  of  Dr.  Josiah  Shedd,  late  of 
Peacham,  Vr, — We  learn  that  Dr.  Shedd 
has  left  the  following  legacies  to  the  fol- 
lowing Benevolent  Societies  : 

To  A.  B.  C.  for  Foreign  Missions  j^.5,000 
American  tiome  Missionary  Society  4,0U0 
“ Colonization  “ 4,000 

“ Tract  “ 2,000 

“ Bible  “ 2,000 

Caledonia  County  Grammar  School  2,000 

Va.  Co.vferencf,  of  the  M.  E.  Church, 
South. — The  annual  meeting  of  this  Con- 
ference has  just  concluded  its  session  in  the 
neighboringeity  of  Alexandria.  Some  eigh- 
ty or  ninety  ministers  were  pi  esent,  and  we 
are  informed  that  a spirit  of  harmony  and 
earnest  resolution  in  the  holy  cause  to 
which  they  are  devoted  animated  their 
Counsels  and  debates.  The  venerable 
Bishop  Andrews  presided.  We  are  hap- 
py to  know  that  the  subject  of  African 
Colonization  was  referred  to  a committee 


of  this  body,  who  through  their  chair- 
man, the  Rev.  Mr.  Rozzer,  made  the  fol- 
lowing report  : 

“ Your  Committee,  appointed  in  behalf 
of  the  Colonization  cause,  respectfully  beg 
leave  to  report ; That  recognizing  clearly, 
as  they  do,  the  missionary  aspect  of  Af- 
rican Colonization,  and  the  special  inter- 
position of  Divine  Providence  in  the  enter- 
[irise  to  introduce  the  habits  of  civilized 
life  and  the  blessings  of  the  Gospel  of 
peace  among  the  ignorant  and  degraded 
aborigines  ; and  that  amid  the  exciting  el- 
ements of  piu'ty  spirit  and  sectional  jeal- 
ousies which  threaten  to  interrupt  our 
political  harmony  and  disturb  the  affairs 
of  our  great  Republic,  regarding  as  they 
do  the  Colonization  cause  as  common 
ground  on  which  the  Church  and  the  Slate 
may  unite,  not  only  to  avert  great  evils 
from  our  own  nation,  but  greatly  to  facili- 
tate the  redemption  of  Africa  ; and  believ- 
ing as  they  do  that  the  free  colored  peopde 
in  our  country  can  never  enjoy  equaJ  im- 


1851.] 


Receipts. 


383 


munities  with  the  whiles,  we  propose  to 
the  Conference  that  they  adopt  the  follow- 
ing; resolutions  : 

“ 1.  Re.solred,  That  we  regard  the  en- 
terprise of  African  Colonization  as  the 
most  feasible  plan  to  meliorate  the  condition 
of  the  African  race,  and  as  worthy  of  en- 


couragement from  the  Virginia  Annual 
Conference. 

“ 2.  Rrsolved,  That  we  recommend  the 
agent  of  the  Colonization  Society,  and  that 
we  will  afford  him  whatever  ftciliiies  in  our 
power  in  accomplishing  the  noble  objects 
of  his  agency.” 


Receipts  of  tlie  American  Colonization  Society, 


From  the  20</t  of  October,  to  the  20th  of  Mvember,  1851. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Meredith  Bridge — Prom  the  Con- 
gregational Church,  by  Rev.  E. 
J.  Lane,  Tr.  Stafford  Conf,... 

CONNECTICUT. 
By  Rev.  John  Orcutt: — 

Eiast  Haddam — Rev.  Isaac  Par- 
sons, $4.50;  Airs.  Anne  Cone, 
$3;  W.  D.  Shipman,  Esq., 
Mrs.  Polly  Lewis,  each  $2;  J. 
C.  Palmer,  Esq.,  Wm.  Palmer, 

L.  Boardman,T.  Green,  R.W. 
Chapman,  S.  N.  Williams,  S. 
Tyler,  H.  S Tyler,  Dr.  W.E. 
Nichols,  R.  S.  Pratt,  A.  Day, 
Wm.  Brainard,  J.  Silliman, 
each  $1;  J.  Hutchins,  Wm. 
Palmer,  Geo.  Higgins,  Geo.  E. 
Goodspeed,  Orin  Chapman, 
Miss  E.  Cone,  W.  H.  Good- 
speed,  Mrs  PI.  Brainard,  each 
50  cents;  D.  S.  Chapman,  G. 
Higgins,  G.  Douglas,  M.  H. 
Silliman,  D.  Williams.  S.  Bel- 
den,  J.  C.  Chapman,  Mias  M. 

M.  Taylor,  each  25  rents;  to 

constitute  the  Rev.  Isaac  Par- 
sons a life  member  of  the  Am. 
Col.  Soc 

IJadlyme — Collection  in  Congre- 
gational Church.. 

Clijiton — Geo.  Ely  A.  Elliott, 
$10;  Dr.  Hubbard,  $5;  W. 
Hull,  $3:  H Tainter,  $2;  Mrs. 
Buckingham,  J.  L.  Hull,  J.D. 
Leffingwell,  Geo.  E.  Elliot,  ea. 
$1;  H.  Hull,  J.  C.  Chittenden, 
Chas.  Stevens,  E.  Bacon,  each 

50  cents;  Cash  7 cents 

Madison — E.  C.  Scranton,  $10; 
S.  H.  Scranton,  A.  0.  Wilcox, 
each  $5;  Col.  Wilcox,  Bald- 
win Hart,  each  $3;  Mrs. Hand, 
M.  L.  Doud,  each  $2;  Henry 
Scranton,  Mrs.  Wilcox,  Aus- 
tin Doud,  T.  Scranton,  J.  W. 
Dudley,  T.  V.  Meigs,  Dr.  R. 
Webb,  F.  L.  Whedon,  Selak 
Lee,  D.  Crittenden,  each  $1; 
Miss  A.Meigs,Cash,  H.Scran- 


5 00 


30  50 
7 00 


26  07 


ton,  each  50  cents;  Mrs.  P. 

Meigs,  Miss  Mary  E.  Meigs, 

Cash,  each  25  cents;  to  consti- 
tute the  Rev.  Samuel  N.  Shep- 
ard a life  member  of  the  Am. 

Col.  Soc 42  25 

Guilford — F.  Pw.  Griffin,  $10;  Joel 
Tuttle,  $5;  Samuel  Fowler,  $3; 

S.  Graves,  $2;  Jasper  Morse, 

A.  S.  Prowler,  Comfort  Starr, 

Joel  Davis,  Cash,  Dr.  A Tal- 
cott,  S.  C.  Johnson,  R.  Stone, 

M.  Bradley,  each  $1;  Miss  M. 

A.  Lee,  50  cents.  Cash  25  cts.  29  75 

135  57 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
Philadelphia — Pennsylvania  Col- 
onization Society 50000 

VIRGINIA. 

Triadelphia — Mrs.  Mary  Brown.  10  00 
NORTH  CAROLINA. 

By  Rev.  Jesse  Rankin: — 

Mecklenburgh  Co. — Rev.  A.  L. 

Watts,  $3;  David  Paterson, 

Hugh  Wilson,  John  Orr,  J.  H. 

Stuart,  R.  Alorrison,  each  $1; 


R.  King,  S.  A.  Cosby,  each  $2; 

W.  S.  Pharr,  50  cents 12  50 

Salisbury — Cash,  Cash,  each  50 

cents 1 00 

Gold  IRll—C.  B.  Rice,  $2;  Cash 

50  cents 2 50 

Jilbemarle — Daniel  Freeman,  $3; 

P.  PI.  Woolly,  $2;  J.  M.  Mc- 
Corkle,  S.  C.  F'reeman,  J.  O. 

Ross,  each  $1 8 00 


Wadesborovgh — W.  E.  Troy,  $3; 

H.  Lance,  R.  T.  Hall,  each  $2; 

Rev.  C.S.Walker,  S.H.Smith, 
S.D.Waynick,  A friend,  ea.  $1  11  00 

Richmond  Co. — W.  L.  Steele,  $3; 
Hampton  Legrand,  T.  Little, 

J.  P.  Little,  W.B.  Cole,.!.  W. 
Covington,  each  $2;  P.  N. 
Stanback,  Cash,  Cash,  each  $1. 

Laurel  Hill  Congregation — J. 

Fairly,  $5;  M.  McIntosh,  $3; 

D.  Johnson,  Mrs.  M.  Living- 


384 


Receipts. 


[December,  1851.] 


ston,  each  ^2;  Mrs.  C.  White, 

.T.  McNeill,  each  tjl;  Wm.  B. 
McMillan,  $11;  .Tohn  McNeill, 

|Q-,  A.  McMillan,  Rev.  II. 
fllcLaiirin,  Rev.  John  Monroe, 
each  $1;  .1.  A.  McKay,  A. 
Patter.S'm,  John  H.  McLean, 

A.  Monroe,  P.  T.  Roper,  John 
Patten  on,  e:  c’l  50  cents;  Mrs. 

Margaret,  McIntosh,  jji3 44  00 

ilohcson  Courtly — Cnure  Curtgrega- 
tion: — Dr.  A.  D.  McLean,  $5; 

A.  McLean,  Smith,  M.  Pur- 
cell, J.  B.  McCallnm,  J.  Mc- 
Neill, Janies  McLean,  John 
McLean,  each  $2;  Rev.  F.  K. 

Nash,  J.  Mclnnis,  A.  Watson, 

A.  McLean,  Mr.s.  A Whitied, 

T.  Bethea,.!.  McEachan,  Miss 

B.  Murphy,  E.  .McCalium,  A. 

S.  Baker,  J.  McNair,  Mrs  A. 

Sellers,  N.  McNair,  D.  W. 

McLean,  A.  McLetin,  M.  C. 

McNair,  Col.  A.  McKay,  each 
$1;  Thos.  P.Ellerhe,  H. Leach, 

Rl.  RlcKenzie,  each  51)  cents; 

R'Irs.  E.  McKay,  35  cents; 

Mrs.  S.  Morrison,  30  cents, 

Ca.sh  25  cents,  $38.40.  Bethel 
Covgregnlion—liev  Hector  Mc- 
Neill, $10;  J.  fj^lc.lirist,  $4;  P. 

R'lcRae,  Ale.K.  Purcell,  cach$l; 

A.  McMillan.  J.  H.  Mc.Millan, 
each  50  cents;  John  iVicKae, 

$2;— $10.00 57  40 

136  40 

OHIO. 

i’lifnaw— Zanesvi  le  and  Putnam 
Col.  Society,  ly  II.  SafTord, 

E.sq.,  Sec  and  Treas 150  00 

Acuta — Green  County  Col.  Soc., 

$27.73;  Bell  Brook  Pres.  Con- 
gregatioji.  Rev.  John  Shields, 

Pastor,  $4.10;  Associate  Re- 
formed Congregatioii  in  Xenia, 

Rev.  R.  I).  Harper,  Pastor, 

$11.17;  Balance  of  legacy  left 
the  Am.  Col.  Soc.  by  the  late 


Rlrs.  Margaret  RlcCleland, 

$62,  by  Janies  Gowdy,  Treas. 

Green  County  Col.  Soc 125  00 

Vranvil.e — Sereno  Wright,  Esij  , 

annual  life  subscription 10  00 

2S5  00 

Total  Contributions 1,071  97 

FOR  REPOSITORY. 

Nkw  IlAMi'sninB. — (,';7.sum— Rev. 

Mr.  Hayes,  to  Nov.  1852,  by 

Rev.  Seth  S.  Arnold 1 00 


Mass.vchusetts. — By  Rev.  Jos. 

Tracy: — Milford — P.  P.  Park- 
I hurst,  to  Aug. , ’51 , $1 . Town- 
I send — Joel  Adam.s,  to  July,  ‘52, 

j $3;  Polly, Giles,  to  Nov.  ’.52, 

$1,$4.  Beverly — Hon  .Albert 
! Thorndike,  to  Jan.  ’52,  $7; 
i Hon.  John  Salford,  to  Jan.  ’52, 

$5. ,55;  Edward  Burley,  to  Jan. 

’52,  $5.25;  Catit.  Henry  Lar- 
com,  to  Jan.  ’52,  $5.50.  Med- 

vay  Village .Mrs.  Achsali 

Fisher,  to  .Tilly,  ’.52,  $1.  Salem 
— Hon.  D.  .A.  White,  to  Jan. 

’53,  $5.  Millville — Mrs.  Lovi- 
na  Benson,  to  Nov.  ’.52,  $1  • . . . 35  00 

Connecticut. — By  Rev.  John 
0 rc u tt : — Sayb rook — G eo rge  II. 
Chapman,  to  Oct.  ’52,  $1. 

Guilford — Wm.  Faulkner, E.sq., 

to  Oct  ’52,  $1 2 00 

! North  Carolin.a. — Faytllevillr — 

By  Rev.  Jesse  Rankin: — Wm. 

I S.  Taylor,  to  Nov.  ’52,  $1. 
Lumbetton — Robert  E.  Troy, 


I Esq.,  to  Nov.  ’52,  $1 2 00 

j Kentucky. Henderson — Isaac 

Shefter,  to  I Oct.  ’52 1 00 


Ohio. — Xenia — By  C.  W.  J.imes 
Esq.: — James  Gowdy,  Esq.,  to 
Jan.  ’52,  $3.  Talmadge — Dr. 
D.  Upson,  to  Dec.  ’51,  $4  .50. 
Elyria — H.  Ely,  to  Dec.  ’51, 
$1.50.  Palis — L.  Cox.  to  Jan. 
’52,  $4-51).  Mbrv^alk — John  R. 
Osborn,  to  Jan.  ’52,  $3.  ('in- 


cinnati — H.  .1.  Shaw,  to  Nov, 

’52,  $1 17.50 

I»  DIANA. — Eagenc-J.  Groendyke, 
to  May,  ’51 1 00 

Ili.inois. — Elk  Grove F.  T. 

Miner,  Esq.,  to  Jan.  ’52 5 00 

Mississippi. — Rodney — Mis.s  Su- 
san McGill,  to  Nov.  ’;52,  by 
Dr.  Guy,  through  David  Chris- 
ty, Esq - . . . 1 00 

Missoup.i. — Palmyra — S.  T.  Glo- 
ver, to  July,  ’51 5 00 


Michican. — Hnn  Jirbor — By  C. 
W.  James,  Esq.: — Prof.  G.  P. 
Williams,  to  l5ec.  ’51,  $4.50. 
Sylvan — W.  Buck,  to  Aug.  ’51, 
$3.  Cold  fValer — E.  G.  Fuller, 


to  Oct.  ’52,  $3 10  50 

Total  Repository 81  00 

Total  Contributions 1,071  97 

Aggregate  Amount $1,152  97 


i',  ri?* 


e e r 

Jbrary 

^Jv3307  r 

o 

CD 

Sill 

M^n-‘ 

w ’^'MSfif 

H f Sbk 

■L^nvQc2