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THE 


AFKICAN  REPOSITORY. 


VoL.  XXXI.]  WASHINGTON,  AUGUST,  1855.  [No.  8. 


Letter  from  a friend — Sentiments  worthy  of  notice. 


Heartily  concurring,  as  we  do, 

^ in  the  sentiments  expressed  by  our 
friend,  in  the  following  letter,  we 
take  the  liberty  of  publishing  it, 
hoping  that.it  may  encourage  some 
of  our  readers,  who  may  wish  to  aid 
us  in  carrying  on  the  great  work  of 
colonization,  to  be  their  own  almo- 
ners— the  distributors  of  their  own 
charity,  so  far  as  is  practicable  or 
expedient;  and  not  to  leave  this 
important  “ work  and  labor  of  love  ” 
to  be  done  by  others,  after  their 
decease  ; or,  as  in  many  cases  in 
which  this  Society  is  interested,  to 
be  delayed,  and  perhaps  frustrated, 
> by  tedious  and  expensive  litigations, 
which  sometimes  absorb  large  estates 
and  leave  nothing  for  the  legatees. 

In  our  May  number,  we  published 
the  letter  of  our  friend  in  which  he 
proposed  to  be  one  of  one  hundred 
to  give  twenty-five  dollars  each  to 
this  Society  by  the  1st  of  July.  To 
this  generous  proposition  we  re- 
ceived only  two  responses  ; though 
we  doubt  not  that  we  should  have 
received  many  more  had  not  our 

own  proposal  preceded  it. 

1.0 


July  10^/i,  1855. 

I Rev.  W.  McLain, 

: Sec’ry  Am.  Col.  Soc. 

! Although  the  conditions  of  the 
1 promise  of  $25,  made  in  April  last, 
have  not  been  complied  with  in  full, 
yet  1 cannot  withhold  the  amount; 
j knowing  how  much  you  want  aid, 
j and  two  parties  having  accepted  the 
! offer.  Your  expressions  of  sur- 
! prise,  in  your  last  number,  at  the 
I failure  of  this  little  effort  to  advance 
1 your  cause  are  very  natural.  Is  it 
not  strange  that  persons  professing 
to  be  regardless  of  worldly  wealth 
should  hold  on  with  such  tenacity 
to  it.?  The  system  of  legacies  on  a 
death-bed  is  well  enough  sometimes, 
on  the  principle  of  the  old  adage, 
“ better  late  than  never;”  but  how 
much  more  natural  to  such  profes- 
I sors  would  it  Ue  to  give  as  they  re- 
ceive, whilst  they  can  themselves 
I see  the  good  effected  by  a little 
i proper  action,  (I  will  not  say  liber- 
I ality,)  and  not  hold  on  until  death 
forces  a release  of  the  stored-up 
treasure.  This  appears  to  me  to  be 
the  proper  principle  of  action,  and 
the  one  affording  the  most  satisfacf 
tion  to  all  parties,  both  the  giver 
and  the  recipient. 

; Inclosed  I send  the  twenty-five 
I dollars. 

J A Friend. 


\ 


226 


America  and  Africa. 


[August, 


[From  the  Virginia  Colonizationist.] 

America  and  Africa. 


THEIR  PROVIDENTIAL  RELATION THE  LESSON  IT  TEACHES. 


Dr.  Brethren: — Our  daily  prayer  |1 
is,  “thy  kingdom  come;  thy  will  |j 
be  done  on  earth  as  it  is  done  in  i 
Heaven.”  We  are  not  to  relax  our  ! 
efforts  until  “ all  the  kingdoms  of  , 
the  world  have  become  the  king-  ' 
doms  of  our  Lord  and  of  his  Christ.” 
This  is  the  sublime  end  of  our  labors 
and  of  our  prayers.  Charity  begins 
at  home,  but  it  does  not  stay  there. 
Every  converted  heart  is  a centre 
whose  circumference  is  the  end  of  | 
the  earth.  But  while  the  field  is  ' 
the  world,  D'vine  Providence  may 
by  unmistakeable  indications  point  ; 
out  some  particular  part  of  the  field 
as  the  special  scene  of  our  labors.  : 
This  is  just  what  w’e  suppose  he  has  j 
done  in  our  case.  No  American 
Christian  can  shut  his  e\es  to  the  j 
relations  which  God  has  established  ; 
between  America  the  mosi  highly  : 
favored  and  Africa  the  most  degrad-  i 
ed  nation  on  earth. 

'When  the  “Sun  of  Bighteous-  | 
ness”  made  his  sun-like  circuit  of  I 
the  earth,  he  did  not  shed  a ray  : 
upon  the  land  of  the  black  man.  i| 
Millions  in  Central  Africa  had  ;i 
(through  long  centuries)  lived  with-  ! 
out  God  and  died  without  hope.  ii 
When  at  last  the  church  of  Christ  i: 
awoke  to  a consciousness  of  its  ij 
responsibilities  and  made  the  dis-  i| 
covery  of  the  melancholy  state  of|| 
this  people,  it  sent  forth  missionary  | 
after  missionary  to  plant  the  stand-  || 
ard  of  the  cross  within  this  camp  of|| 
Satan.  |j 

Every  white  missionary  fell  a vie-  ji 
tim  to  the  deadly  night  dews  of  that'' 
inhospitable  clime,  and  the  bones  i; 
of  a “noble  army  of  martyrs”  h 
bleached  the  burning  sands.  |; 

To  human  view  the  land  seemed  ; 
doomed.  In  the  meantime  God  had  | 
permitted  large  numbers  of  Africans  !| 


to  be  transplanted  in  America  and 
placed  in  contact  with  our  Christian 
civilization,  undei  the  wholesome 
discipline  to  which  they  were  sub- 
jected they  have  been  rising  steadily 
in  the  intellectual  and  moral  scale 
until  they  have  attained  a stature  far 
higher  than  those  whom  they  left  in 
their  native  seats.  Thousands  of 
them  have  been  made  acquainted 
with  “ the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus,” 
and  have  died  in  the  triumphs  of 
the  Christian  faith.  Thousands  more 
are  rejoicing  in  the  hope  of  glory. 
This  is  “ the  Lord’s  doing,  and  it  is 
marvellous  in  our  eyes.”  No  think- 
ing man  can  deny  the  significance 
of  facts  like  these,  and  no  consci- 
entious man  can  be  indifferent  to 
the  questions  of  dut}  which  they 
revive.  We  have  only  to  deal  with 
these  facts  in  their  bearing  upon  the 
question  of  the  evangelization  of 
Africa.  Some  years  since  while 
Christians  were  consciously  ponder- 
ing the  problem  ot  planting  the  gos- 
pel in  Africa,  the  happy  thought 
u'as  suggested  to  their  minds  (by 
the  spirit  of  God  as  we  believe)  of 
returning  to  the  land  of  their  fathers, 
christianised  Africans,  carrying  w'lth 
them  the  ark  of  God  and  all  the  in- 
stitutions of  modern  civilization. — 
Happily  there  was  a class  of  these 
persons  (the  free  negroes)  to  whose 
going  no  objection  would  be  op- 
posed. Indeed,  all  interests,  social 
and  political,  conspired  to  favor  the 
suggestion.  The  experiment  was 
made,  and  considering  the  poverty 
of  the  materials  has  succeeded  be- 
yond our  anticipaiiotis.  Our  civil 
and  religious  institutions  have  been 
transplanted  in  the  African  wilder- 
ness which  has  become  vocal  with 
the  accents  of  prayer  and  praise. 
L'nder  the  shadow  of  tlie  Liberian 


i855.J 


America  and  Africa. 


government,  the  white  missionary ' 
«an  now  live,  and  the  centre  of  Af-  j 
ricaii  barbarism  has  become  the  j 
centre  of  Christian  influence.  Af-  I 
rican  colonization  has  thus  pushed  i 
the  base  of  our  missionary  opera-  i 
tions  acrossthe  Atlantic,  4,000  miles  I 
in  p^ivance  of  its  former  position. 
Now  ought  this  vantage-ground,  ; 
gained  at  such  expense,  to  be  main- 
tained or  abandoned.  The  colony 
is  yet  but  an  experiment.  It  needs 
still  our  nursing  care.  Cherish  it  i| 
and  Christianity  will  have  a home  in 
Africa.  The  colonist  and  the  mis-  :■ 
sionary  must  stand  or  fall  together 
Missions  and  colonization,”  says  ' 
Bishop  Payne,  “ have  ever  been  i 
God’s  great  scheme  for  spreading  ij 
Christianity  over  the  world,”  and  :| 
again  he  says  it  is  generally  agreed  [. 
among  Christians  “ that  colonization  n 
is  one  of  God’s  plan.”  !l 

Bishop  Scott  after  visiting  the  j; 
Methodist  churches  in  Liberia,  calls  ' 
the  colonial  settlements  bright  spots  | 
raying  out  light  upon  the  surround-  ' 
ing  darkness.”  Of  the  same  import  i 
is  the  testimony  of  Mr.  Bowen  and  i 
the  Baptist  missionaries,  and  Mr.  i 
Wilson  and  the  Presbyterians.  If  * 
we  compare  for  a moment  the  ji 
present  state  of  American  missions 
in  Liberia  with  their  condition  be-  I 
fore  the  establishment  of  the  colo-  : 
iiies,  the  comparison  will  be  most  j! 
instructive.  The  Methodist  Con-  jl 
fererice  consists  of  tw'enty-one ) 
preachers,  all  of  whom  are  colored.  \\ 
They  number  1,301  members,  ofij 
whom  116  are  natives.  Fifteen  !| 
Sunday  schools  and  839  scholars,!; 
of  whom  fifty  are  natives.  Twenty  j 
week  day  schools  and  five  hundred  ' 
and  thirteen  scholars  ; seven  native  , 
schoolsand  one  hundred  and  twenty-  ■ 
seven  scholars.  They  have  a semi-  || 
nary  at  Monrovia  for  the  higher  |j 
branches  wdiich  cost  $10,000.  jl 

The  Baptist  Board  (whose  pioneer 
was  Lot  Cary  of  Viro-inia)  hr.ve  fifteen  | 


227  jl 


stations,  twenty  colored  mission-  4 
aries,  seven  teachers,  four  native 
assistants,  thirteen  day  schools  and  ■ 

1 four  hundred  and  thirty-six  pupils — » ; 

six  hundred  communicants. 

The  Presbyterians  have  two  or-  !; 
dained  ministers,  one  licentiate,  yi 
three  churches,  one  hundred  and  f 
sixteen  members  and  three  Sunday 
schools.  They  have  also  day  schools  “p 
for  natives  and  colonists.  At  Mon- 
rovia  they  have  an  excellent  school  , > 
of  from  fifty  to  seventy- five  scholars,  - 
and  at  the  same  pla^e  the  Aiesandetr  > ' 
High  School,  under  the  care  of  the 
Rev.  D.  A.  Wilson,  a fine  scholar.  ! 

The  Episcopal  mission,  begun  an  i 
1836,  has  stations  at  Cape  Palmas,  ! 
Monrovia,  Bassa,  Sinou  and  Clay- 
Ashland  on  the  St,  FauPs.  They  gy 
have  a stone  Church  at  Cape  Fa&- 
mas  and  also  an  Orphan  Asylum,  a 
brick  church  on  Che  St.  PatiPs  and 
a stone  one  at  Monrovia.  ■ 

Among  the  Colonists  it  has  four 
settled  ministers  and  one  caadidatB 
for  orders,  four  common  schools, 
one  high  school,  five  teachers  and 
assistants,  and  150  scholars.  * f' 

Among  the  natives  they  have  five 
stations.  The  language  of  one  frilKi  • ^ 
has  been  reduced  to  writing.  About  ;/.? 
one  hundred  native  children  ate  in 
the  boarding  schools  of  the  mission.  ; J. 
There  are  eight  to  tea  native  teach- 
ers,  three  candidates  for  the  minis-  f’ 
try,  and  two  ordained  native  minis-  . 
ters. 

In  view  of  these  facts  what  Amec-  f j; 
ican  Christian  can  fail  to  see  that 
he  is  under  obligation  to  follow  the  f ^ 
leadings  of  God’s  Providence.  He  ; ^ 
seems  to  have  committed  Africa  to  !;  I 
our  keeping.  Her  destiny  is  (hu- 
manly  speaking)  in  the  hands  of  X, 
Americanchristians.  God  be  praised  ‘ 

that  so  many  Christians  in  Virginia 
look  at  the  subject  in  this  light,  and  i 
that  Baptist  Associations,  M ethodist  J J 
Confeiences,  Presbyterian  Synods 
and  Episcopal  Conventio  ns  have'|H 


228 


What  has  it  done. 


[August, 


acknowledged  the  obligation  and  i 
commended  it  to  their  constituents.  ‘ 
Brethren,  the  real  strength  of  this' 
cause  is  the  Christian  hearts  that  are 
beating  at  the  bottom  of  it.  Cheer- 
ed by  the  unanimous  voices  of  chris- , 
tians  and  wafted  by  their  prayers  we  | 
cannot  fail.  Commendatory  reso- ; 
lutions  and  kind  words  are  very : 
pleasing,  particularly  when  they  are 
the  forerunners  of  corresponding  ■ 
deeds  as  in  some  cases  they  are.  i 


But  in  other  cases,  hope  deferred 
from  so  many  years  maketh  the  heart 
sick.  Shall  we  whose  lots  are  cast 
in  the  pleasant  places  of  the  Ameri- 
can field  turn  a deaf  ear  to  the 
voices  for  help  that  are  borne  to  us 
on  every  breeze  from  where 

Afric’s  sunny  fountains 
Roll  down  their  golden  sands. 

Your  affectionate  brother, 

Philip  Slaughter. 


[From  the  Nashville  Christian  Advocate. 

What  has  it  Done. 


This  question  has  been  asked  in  ' 
reference  to  the  American  Coloni- ; 
zation  Society.  It  may  be  briefly 
answered  : it  has  done  a vast  amount 
of  good.  To  mention  a few  items: ' 

1.  It  established  a colony  in  Af- 
rica which  has  grown  into  the 
flourishing  Republic  of  Liberia,  the 
independence  of  which  has  been 
acknowledged  by  several  of  the  pnn- 
cipal  Governments  of  the  world, 
France,  Brazil,  Belgium,  England 
and  Prussia.  Surely  there  is  honor 
in  building  such  a temple  from  such 
materials. 

2.  It  has  been  the  means,  under 
Providence,  of  establishing  Christi- 
anity on  a permanent  footing  in 
Africa,  and  may  thus  become  the 
principal  agency  in  sending  it 
abroad  over  that  dark  and  populous 
continent.  The  different  denomi- 
nations are  already  there  represen- 
ted : the  Methodists  have  an  An- 
nual Conference  of  twenty-one 
circuits  and  stations,  twenty-four 
itinerants,  nineteen  local  preachers, 
and  one  thousand  three  hundred 
and  nine  members  in  Society.  This 
may  be  regarded  as  a little  fire  : but 
behold!  how  great  a matter  it  is 
likely  to  kindle ! 

3.  Civilization  is  planted  in  Af- 
rica, American  civilization.  A con- 
stitution like  our  own,  and  laws, 


and  schools,  and  arts,  and  language, 
and  newspapers,  are  found  there. 
A college  edifice,  costing  eight 
thousand  dollars,  is  there  and  a 
public  library  of  great  value.  Says 
Gov.  Dutton  of  Connecticut,  in  ref- 
erence to  Liberia  : “ Not  a colony 
which  was  planted  on  our  Atlantic 
coast,  made  such  rapid  progress.” 

4.  Thousands  of  the  so-called 
free  people  of  color  have  there  been 
furnished  with  a home.  Here  they 
were  poor,  disheartened,  down-troa- 
den,  oppressed  and  disfranchised : 

1|  by  means  of  the  American  Coloni- 
al zation  Society,  they  have  been  es- 
i|  tablished  in  a land  where  they  enjoy 
II  freedom,  and  may  aspire  to  all  the 
I offices  of  trust  and  honor,  even  to 
||  the  Presidency:  where  hope  ani- 
jj  mates  them  to  noble  exertions,  and 
where  they  no  longer  labor  under 
the  disadvantages  heaped  upon  them 
as  an  inferior  caste. 

5.  The  Society  has  sent  from 
Tennessee  about  ten  per  cent,  (one 
in  ten)  of  the  free  colored  population 
among  us,  of  which  class  there  yei 
remain  6,271  in  the  State,  according 
to  the  last  census.  Surely  a So- 
ciety which  has  done  all  this,  and  a 
great  deal  more,  deserves  the  favor- 
able consideration  and  friendly  aid 
of  all  good  people. 

As  Agent  of  this  Society  for  Ten- 


1855.] 


Liberia — Its  onward  March. 


229 


nessee,  may  I not  hope  that  my 
fellow-citizens  will  lend  this  cause 
a helping  hand  ? I am  glad  to  know 
that  some  are  contributing  their 
means  and  influence,  while  others 
are  bequeathing  a portion  of  their 
property,  to  aid  in  carrying  forward 
t lis  truly  glorious  work,  a work  of 
which  the  Westminister  Review 


! speaks  as  follows:  “ The  Americans 
; are  successfully  planting  free  ne- 
' groes  on  the  coast  of  Africa  : a 
, greater  event  probably  in  its  conse- 
I quences  than  any  that  has  occurred 
; since  Columbus  set  sail  for  the  New 
I World.” 

i John  H.  Bruner. 

Hiwasse  College^  June,  1855. 


[From  the  Maryland  Colonization  Journal.] 

Liberia — Its  onward  March. 


The  Editor  of  the  Journal  being! 
absent  from  the  city,  requests  the  ; 
travelling  Agent  to  get  out  the  | 
present  number  of  our  little  monthly,  j 

Now  who  that  has  had  anything  I 
to  do  with  the  lights  and  shadows  ofj 
editorship  does  not  know  that  it  is 
comparatively  easy  to  cull  from  other  | 
papers,  interesting  extracts  in  abund-  ; 
ance,  but  the  “ leader,”  that  is  the 
question  ; the  editorial,  the  some- 
thing original — aye,  that  is  the  ques- 
tion. 

Well,  what  better  topic  than  Li-  i 
beria  This  is  the  main  question  ! 
after  all.  It  is  for'the  advancement  | 
of  the  African  race,  in  everything  | 
that  is  good  and  great,  that  Liberia  ! 
sprang  into  existence.  It  is  for  its  i 
continued  growth  and  prosperity  , 
that  Colonization  Societies  were  i 
formed,  and  kept  up,  and  perpetu-  j 
ated.  It  is  to  add  to  its  population,  j 
to  its  commerce,  to  its  literature,  to  ! 
its  religion,  that  the  entire  corps  of 
agents,  general  and  special,  travel- 
ling and  stationary,  secretaries  and 
others,  are  at  it,  all  at  it,  and  always 
at  it.  It  follows  that  whatever  re- 
lates to  Liberia  must  be  always  suit- 
able for  a colonization  paper,  nay 
more  than  suitable,  its  very  legiti- 
mate matter,  the  very  thing  the  j 
reader  looks  for,  and  is  disappointed  j 
if  he  does  not  see.  Well  we  take  j 
pleasure  in  announcing  that,  in  ad-  j 
dition  to  the  news  by  the  Estelle,  i 
given  in  our  last  number,  the  Barque  | 


! Shirley  has  lately  arrived  at  New 
, York,  and  brings  later  intelligence 
; from  the  Republic,  and  from  Mary- 
! land  in  Liberia.  E\erything  seems 
I to  progress  finely.  Irue,  some  of 
I the  emigrants  die — die  on  ship 
: board — die  soon  after  they  arrive 
I in  Liberia.  But  what  of  this.  Com- 
I pare  it  with  the  mortality  attending 
jthe  emigrant  vessels  which  come  to 
our  country  from  Ireland,  Germany, 
and  other  parts  of  Europe.  The 
1 comparison  will  tell  favorably  for 
I African  emigration  and  Coloniza- 
tion. 

Its  march  is  onward.  Our  hearts 
beat  with  laudable  exultation  as  we 
read  the  lots  of  letters  received  from 
! old  friends  in  Liberia,  or  talk  with 
those  who  have  lately  been  there 
1 and  returned.  But  recently,  while 
j attending  the  New  York  Annual 
I Conference  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
1 copal  Church,  held  at  Sing  Sing, 
we  had  the  pleasure  to  listen  to  a 
few  remarks  from  Rev.  Mr.  Pinney, 
who  has  just  returned  from  his 
fourth  visit  to  Liberia.  His  de- 
scription of  the  progress  of  the  Re- 
public, in  various  points  of  view, 
was  most  encouraging,  and  partic- 
ularly his  account  of  the  farms,  the 
plantations,  the  beautiful  coffee 
plantations,  some  of  them  owned 
by  men  who  were  slaves,  only  a few 
years  ago,  in  Kentucky  and  Virginia. 

So  too  with  commerce.  The  im- 
mense internal  resources  of  the  in- 


^230 


Yoruba — Central  JJfrica. 


[August; 


lierioF  of  that  country  must  find  a 
market  ie  the  seaports  of  the  six  or 
seFen  hundred  miles  of  coast  alrea,dy 
occupied  by  Liberia,  Colored  men 
go  there^  and  with  a few  hundred 
dollars  to  begin  with^  in  a few  years 
aiBass  a handsome  fortune. 

So  with  education.  The  mis- 
sionary Societies  of  the  different 
churebes,  who  have  patronized  Lp 
beria,  are  busily  engaged.  Schools, 
Semmariesj,  spring  up  in  every  di- 


I rection.  Even  a College  is  talked 
ij  of  as  a crowning  point  on  Cape 
j Mesurado.  Let  it  be  erected  and 
I endowed  forthwith.  Let  there  be 
I no  want  of  means  to  give  the  next 
' generation  of  Liberia  a sound,  das- 
j ical,  religious  education,  and  no 
S one  who  has  ever  advocated  our 
i noble  enterprise  of  African  Colon i~ 
I zation,  will  in  a future  day  be 
I ashamed  of  having  done  so. 


[Frcd  the  Home  and  Foreign  Journal.] 
Yoruba — Central  Africa. 

lETTER  FROM  REV.  T.  J.  BOWSN. 


Ws  have  received  bo  intelligence  1 
from  YoTuba  since  our  last  issue,  j 
The  letteirs  from  the  brethren  then  | 
pjabiished,  will  doubtless  have  great-  ! 
Ij  cheered  the  hearts  of  all  our 
jeaders.  We  now  present  a com- 
loimieation  from  Bro.  Bowen,  hav- 
3Rg  a reference  chiedy  to  the  people 
aod  naioral  history  of  the  kingdom 
of  Yonaba.  The  valuable  informa- 
tion it  contains  will  be  read  with 
inteirest.  Let  us  still  plead  with 
OiDcij,  to  make  the  truth  effectual  in 
the  oonversion  of  the  people  of  that 
mieiesimg  country. 

GEOGRAPHY. 

This  country  is  commonly  but 
improperly  called  Yaniba  on  our 
maps,  li  is  reckoned  by  geogra- 
phers a part  of  Central  Africa,  al- 
though the  soatbem  line  is  within 
sixty  miles  of  the  Bight  of  Benin. 
This  classification  is  just,  for  ihe 
character  of  the  country  asad  the 
people  is  decided!]?  that  of  Central 
Africa,  and  very  unlike  anything 
found  in  the  other  regions  near  the 
coast. 

I.ASG1JAGE  OF  TORtJBA. 

Several  independent  tribes  speak 
Ihe  Yoruba  language,  and,  in  fact, 
are  the  same  people  in  ougm,  char- 
acter, religion,  The  principal 

of  these  are  Ijeba  and  3feh,  on  the 


1 coast  of  Yoruba,  and  Ijebu,  Egba, 
Otta  and  Iketu  on  the  south.  The 
same  language  is  spoken  at  Lagos, 
i Badagry  and  on  the  coast.  The 
I people  of  ElFong  (Ka-Kanda,)speak 
a similar  longue.  The  Nufi  is  quite 
different  yet  evidently  belongs  to 
the  same  family  of  languages,  A 
part  of  Nufi  lies  on  this  side  the 
Niger,  so  that  Yoruba  does  not  ex- 
tend to  that  great  river  at  any  point. 

The  various  tribes  who  speak  the 
Yoruba  language  probably  number 
a million  of  souls.  They  occupy  a 
country  about  as  large  as  the  State 
of  Georgia.  In  former  times  they 
were  much  more  numerous.  But 
f/vunfkeds  of  towns  have  been  de- 
stroyed by  war.  I have  counted 
eighteen  sites  of  depopulated  towns 
in  a journey  of  sixty  miles.  That 
district  is  now  a desert,  or  ratiier  a 
huge  forest.  Most  of  the  towns 
visited  by  the  Landers  are  now  m 
ruins,  including  Awyow,  (Katunga 
or  Eyeo,)  the  capital.  The  slave 
trade  has  done  this.  Yast  numbers 
of  Yorubas  have  been  exported,  and 
vast  numbers  have  perished  in  the 
battle  and  the  siege.  Many  are 
now  in  Brazil,  Cuba,  Sierra  Leone, 
&c-  Sometimes  they  purchase  their 
freedom  in  America  and  come  home* 
Others  have  beers  sent  to  the  Bar* 


1855.] 


Yoruba — ; Central  Africa. 


231 


bary  States.  They  are  almost  as  nu-  j 
merous  in  Sokoio,  &c.,  as  in  Cen-  i 
tral  Africa.  Very  lately  a man  re-  j 
turned  to  Tjaye  from  Sokoto,  where  | 
he  had  been  a slave  fourteen  years.  | 
He  brought  me  a fowl,  as  a present,  i 
which  I delicately  refused  to  accept,  j 
and  he  listened  with  apparent  won-  j 
der  at  the  gospel.  ! 

FACE  OF  THE  COUNTRY.  | 

The  surface  of  Yoruba  is  chiefly 
an  elevated,  gently  undulating  plain,  i 
In  this  country  the  Kong  mountains 
are  not  a continuous  chain,  but  are 
broken  in  detached  masses  with 
plains  around  and  between  them. 
Their  greatest  height  is  probably 
two  thousand  fret.  In  many  places 
they  are  quite  rugged,  being  com- 
posed of  granite. 

Yoruba  is  a prairie  country,  and 
resembles  Texas.  Timber  is  scarce. 
The  scenery  is  often  most  beautiful, 
but  I cannot  attempt  to  describe  it, 
my  object  being  to  state^  frxts  as  | 
briefly  as  possible. 

The  country  is  well  watered,  being  j 
everywhere  traversed  by  streams  of  I 
clear  water,  flowing  over  rocky  j 
beds.  The  largest  rivers  are  the  j 
Ogun  and  the  Osshun,  which  are  ' 
less  than  one  hundred  yards  in  j 
width.  They  never  overflow  and  ! 
there  is  not  an  acre  of  swamp  in  I 
the  country,  so  far  as  I have  ever  i 
seen  or  heard.  i 

SOIL  AND  VEGETATION.  | 

The  soil  is  of  second  quality,  as  | 
we  would  say  in  America,  but  in  j 
many  places  it  is  poor,  and  often  j 
gravelly  or  rocky.  The  rocks  are  ; 
almostentirely  granite,  gneiss,  quartz  ' 
and  iron  conglomerated.  There  is  ; 
no  lime  in  any  form.  Iron  is  the  ! 
only  metal  known  to  exist.  | 

Vegetation  is  very  luxuriant.  The  :| 
grass  on  the  prairies  is  often  tw^elve  | 
feet  high,  and  some  of  the  forest  | 
trees  are  immense.  They  are  never  i 
fit  for  house  logs,  being  too  short  ij 
when  small  enough,  and  too  large  P 


when  long  enough.  Their  trutiks 
arc  invariably  nearly  white.  All  the 
sapplings  are  crooked.  There  is 
no  fine  wood  for  exportation,  and 
but  little  camwood,  that  is  a kind 
of  logwood.  Coarse,  strong  timber 
is  common  enough  in  the  forest. 
There  is  one  tree,  the  wood  of  which 
is  exactly  like  white  hickory,  but 
the  leaves,  fruit,  &c.,  are  very  dif- 
ferent. Showy  flowers  are  numer- 
ous on  the  trees,  but  very  scarce  in 
the  fields  and  prairies.  Scarcely 
any  of  the  wild  fruit  is  fit  to  eat. 

During  the  dry  and  hot  season, 
vegetation  has  a period  of  repose. 
This  begins  in  November,  and  ends 
in  February.  By  the  middle  of 
January,  the  grass  in  the  prairie,  is 
brown  and  dry,  and  a good  many 
trees  shed  their  leaves. 

My  limits  will  allow  me  to  de- 
scribe but  fe  w of  the  trees  and  herbs 
which  are  worthy  of  notice.  The 
oil  palm  is  the  most  valuable  tree 
in  Africa.  The  palm  oil  trade,  like 
the  cotton  trade,  is  destined  to  en- 
rich nations.  This  yellow  oil  is  an 
important  article  of  food  in  Africa. 
The  hard  nuts,  when  burnt  and 
ground,  aflbrd  another  oil,  which 
is  used  for  lamps  in  all  Yoruba, 
where  the  palm  grows.  The  foot 
stalks  of  the  leaves  are  15  or  20  feet 
long,  and  are  used  for  rafters  in 
thatching  houses. 

On  the  high  plains  of  the  interior, 
the  palm  does  not  flourish ; but 
here  its  place  is  supplied  by  the 
butter  tree.  This  tree  is  no  way 
related  to  the  palm.  It  bears  fruit 
as  large  as  an  egg.  The  seed  is  a 
large  stone,  or  nut,  with  a soft  shell. 
From  this  is  made  an  oil  of  a- 
bluish  yellow  color,  as  hard  as  but- 
ter, and  slightly  aromatic.  The 
people  call  it  butter,  and  use  it  to 
fry  in. 

The  seeds  of  the  African  locust 
are  exclusively  used  in  palaver  sauce 
or  hash.  Locust  seeds,  like  kola 


•23*2 


The  Couniries  of  Soudan. 


[August, 


nuts,  are  an  important  article  of 
traffic  throughout  the  country.  The  ; 
butter  trees  and  locust  trees  grow 
on  the  prairies,  giving  them  a pic- 
turesque appearance.  The  kola  tree 
prefers  the  forest.  It  does  not  bear 
till  about  twenty  years  old. 

In  the  forests,  there  is  a species 
of  black  pepper.  High  botanical  au- 
thorities say  it  is  not  cubebs,  but  in 
this  they  are  doubtless  mistaken  ; 
perhaps  the  plant  they  speak  of  is 
not  Yoruba  plant. 

In  the  east  of  the  country,  are  a 
few  trees  called  ashori,  of  which  the 
natives  tell  wonderful  stories.  No 
plant  grows  near  such  a tree,  and 
any  bird  or  insect  which  flies  near 
it,  falls  tlead.  The  wood  is  black, 
and  so  heavy,  they  say,  as  to  sink 
in  water.  A piece,  an  inch  long, 
which  I have  seen,  was  valued  at 
two  dollars.  It  is  used  as  an  amu- 
let, and  appears  to  be  very  scarce. 
To  scolp  a piece  from  this  tree  is 
said  to  be  a very  dangerous  exploit. 
The  man  who  attempts  it  runs  rap- 
idly by  the  tree,  making  but  one 
blow  with  a cutlass  ; another  fol-  i 
lows  to  pick  up  the  chip,  but  some- 1 


times  one  or  both  falls  dead  by  the 
tree.  I must  regard  this  tree  as 
fabulous,  though  everybody  believes 
I there  are  such  in  Ijebu. 

The  people  have  most  of  the  cul- 
, tivated  plants  known  among  us. 
Corn  and  yams  are  the  principal 
crop.  Yam  vines  are  prickly,  and 
have  to  be  stuck  like  beans.  Cas- 
sava is  not  poisonous,  as  botanists 
pretend.  The  root  is  eaten  cooked, 
and  raw,  and  is  commonly  given 
raw  to  goats  and  sheep.  Cotton  is 
cultivated,  but  the  yield  is  poor. 
They  have  both  the  black  seed  and 
white  seed  varieties,  also,  nankin 
cotton  and  another  kind,  which  has 
red  blossoms.  This  surpasses  all  in 
fineness,  but  does  not  wear  well. 
Sweet  potatoes,  beans,  cow  peas, 
okra,  5i.c.  &.C.,  are  commonly  planted. 

The  weeds  and  grasses  in  the 
field  are  much  the  same  as  our  own, 
to  wit : purslain,  cerebs  weeds, 

Jamestown  weeds,  crab  grass,  &c. 
j Coffee,  pepper,  and  other  culti- 
i vated  plants  are  not  indigenous,  as 
; some  have  reported.  They  never 

(grow  in  the  woods,  except  when 
once  planted  in  fields  or  gardens. 


[From  Bayard  Taylor's  Journey  to  Central  Africa.] 
The  Countries  of  Soudan.  Afriea. 


Until  within  a recent  period  but 
little  has  been  known  of  the  geo- 
graphy and  topography  of  the  east- 
ern portion  of  Central  Africa.  Few  i 
English  travelers  have  made  these  ! 
regions  the  subject  of  their  investiga-  ; 
tion,  their  attention  having  been  | 
principally  directed  towards  the 
countries  on  the  western  coast.  The  ' 
Niger,  in  fact,  has  been  for  them  a 
more  interesting  problem  than  the 
Nile.  The  German  travelers  Rup- 
pell  and  Russegger,  however,  by  their 
explorations  within  the  last  twenty- 
five  years,  have  made  important 
contributions  to  our  knowledge  of 
tastern  Soudan,  w'hile  D’Arnau,  | 


Werne,  and  more  than  all,  Dr.  Knob- 
lecher,  have  carried  our  vision  far 
into  the  heart  of  the  mysterious 
regions  beyond.  Still,  the  results  of 
these  explorations  are  far  from  being 
generally  known,  or  even  repre.-eu- 
ted  on  our  maps.  Geographical 
charts  are  still  issued,  in  which  the 
conjectured  mountains  of  the  Moon 
continue  to  stretch  their  ridges 
across  the  middle  of  Africa,  in  lati- 
tudes where  the  latest  travelers  find 
a plain  as  level  as  the  sea.  A few 
words,  therefore,  concerning  the 
character  and  relative  position  of  the 
different  countries  of  which  1 have 
occasion  to  speak,  may  make  these 


1855.] 


The  Countries  of  Soudan. 


233 


sketches  of  African  life  and  land-  ! 
scapes  more  intelligible  to  many , 
readers.  | 

As  far  as  southern  Nubia,  with  | 
the  exception  of  the  oases  in  the  I 
Libyan  Desert,  the  Nile  is  the  only  i 
agent  of  productiveness.  Beyond  i 
the  narrow  limits  of  his  bounteous  i 
valley  there  is  little  except  red  sand 
and  naked  rocks  from  the  Red  Sea 
to  the  Atlantic.  On  reaching  lati- 
tude 19°,  however,  a change  takes 
place  in  the  desert  landscapes. 
Here  the  tropical  rains  which  are ! 
unknown  in  Egypt  and  northern  | 
Nubia,  fall  every  summer,  though 
in  diminished  quantity.  The  dry, 
gravelly  plains,  nevertheless,  exhibit 
a scattering  growth  of  grass  and 
thorny  shrubs,  and  springs  are  fre- 
quently found  among  the  mountain 
ranges.  As  we  proceed  southward, 
the  vegetation  increases  in  quantity  ; 
the  grass  no  longer  keeps  the  level 
of  the  plain,  but  climbs  the  moun- 
tain sides,  and  before  reaching 
Khartoum,  in  latitude  15°  40'  north, 
we  have  passed  the  limits  of  the 
desert.  The  wide  plains  stretching 
thence  eastward  to  the  Atbara,  and 
westward  beyond  Kordofan,  are 
savannas  of  rank  grass,  crossed  here  | 
and  there  by  belts  of  the  thorny  I 
mimosa,  and  differing  little  in  aspect 
from  the  plains  of  California  during 
the  dry  season.  The  Arabs,  who 
inhabit  them  are  herdsmen,  and  own  J 
vast  flocks  of  camels  and  sheep.  I 
The  Nile  here  is  no  longer  the  sole 
river,  and  loses  histitle  of ‘The  Sea,” 
which  he  owns  in  Egypt.  The 
Atbara,  which  flows  down  to  him 
from  the  Abyssinian  Alps^has  many 
tributaries  of  its  own  : the  Blue  Nile, 
between  Khartoum  and  Sennaar, 
receives  the  large  streams  of  the 
Rahad  and  the  Dender ; and  the 
White  Nile,  though  flowing  for  the 
greater  part  of  his  known  course 
through  an  immense  plain,  boasts 
two  important  affluents — the  Sobad 


! and  the  Bahr-el-Ghazel.  The  soil, 
climate,  productions,  and  character 
of  the  scenery  of  this  region  are 
therefore  very  different  from  Egypt. 

Before  the  conquest  of  Soudan  by 
Mahomed  Ali,  little  was  known  of 
the  country  between  the  Ethiopian 
Nile  and  the  Red  Sea,  or  of  Central 
Africa  south  of  the  latitude  of  Kcr- 
dofan  and  Sennaar.  The  White 
Nile,  it  is  true,  was  known  to  exist, 
but  was  considered  as  a tributary 
stream.  It  was  extremely  difficult 
j and  dangerous  to  proceed  beyond 
I Nubia  and  then  only  in  company 
with  the  yearly  caravans  which  pas- 
sed between  Assouan  and  Sennaar. 
Ibrahim  Pasha,  Ishall  Pasha,  and 
Mahommed  Bey  Defterdar,  between 
the  years  1820  and  1825,  gradually 
subjugated  and  attached  to  the  rule 
of  Egypt  the  countries  of  Berber, 
Shendy  and  Sennaar,  as  far  as  the 
mountains  of  FezogI,  in  latitude  11° 
on  the  south-western  frontier  of 
Abyssinia,  the  wild  domains  of  the 
Shueorees,  and  Bisharees,  the  Hal- 
lensas,  and  Hadendoas,  extending 
to  che  Red  Sea,  and  embracing  the 
sea-pori  of  Sowakin,  and  the  king- 
dom of  Kordoran,  west  of  the  Nile, 

! and  bounded  by  the  large  and  pow- 
I erful  negro  kingdom  of  Dar  Fur. 
The  Egyptian  possessions  in  Soudan 
are  nearly  as  extensive  is  all  Egypt, 
Nubia  not  included,  and  might  be- 
J come  even  richer  and  more  flourish- 
1 ing  under  a just  and  liberal  policy  of 
government.  The  plains  on  both 
sides  of  the  Nile  might  be  irrigated 
to  a much  greater  extent  than  in 
Egypt,  and  many  vast  tracts  of  terri- 
tory given  up  to  the  nomadic  tribes, 
could  readily  be  reclaimed  from  the 
wilderness.  The  native  inhabitants 
are  infinitely  more  stupid  and  degra- 
ded than  the  Fellahs  of  Egypt,  but 
that  they  are  capable  of  great  im- 
provement is  shown  by  the  success 
attending  the  efforts  of  the  Catholic 
priests  in  Khartoum,  in  educating 


234 


The  Countries  of  Soudan. 


[August, 


children. — The  terrible  climate 
Soudan  will  always  be  a drawback  I 
to  its  physical  prosperity,  yet  even  j 
this  would  be  mitigated,  in  some  } 
measure,  were  the  soil  under  culti-  | 
vaiion.  I 

As  1 follow  the  course  of  the  Nile,  I 
from  the  northern  limit  of  the  trop-  I 
ical  rains  to  Khartoum,  my  narrative  | 
will  have  given  some  idea  of  the  I 
country  along  its  banks.  The  terri-  ; 
tory  to  the  east,  towards  and  beyond  | 
the  Atbara,  is  still  in  a great  meas-  I 
ure  unexplored.  Burckhardt  was  j 
the  first  European  who  visited  it  but 
his  route  lay  among  the  mountain  ! 
range,  near  and  parallel  to  the  coast 
of  the  Red  Sea.  The  long  chain  of  I 
Djbel  Lahgay,  which  he  crossed,  is  I 
three  to  five  thousand  feet  in  height,  i 
and  like  the  mountain  spine  of  the  i 
island  of  Ceylon,  never  has  the  same  I 
season  on  both  sides  at  once.  When  ! 
it  rains  on  the  eastern  slopes,  the  ! 
western  are  dry,  and  the  contrary,  j 
There  is  another  and  still  higher 
chain  near  the  coast,  but  the  greater  j 
part  of  this  region  consists  of  vast  ; 
plains,  tenanted  by  the  Arab  herds-  , 
men,  and  rising  gradually  towards  j 
the  south  into  the  first  terraces  of  i 
the  table  land  of  Abyssinia.  The  | 
land  of  the  Shukorees  and  the  Hal-  j 
lengas,  lying  on  both  sides  of  the  I 
Atbara,  is  called  Belad  el  Takka.  \ 
Dr.  Reitz  visited  during  the  summer 
of  1851,  in  company  with  the  mili- 
tary expedition  under  Mousa  Bey, 
and  traveled  for  three  or  four  weeks  \ 
through  regions  where  no  European  j 
had  been  before  him.  | 

Leading  the  town  of  Shendy,  he 
traveled  east.vard  for  nine  days  over 
unbroken  plains  of  grass,  abounding  j 
with  gazelles  and  hyenas,  to  a village  | 
called  Goz  Rabjeb,  on  the  Atbara  | 
River.  This  belongs  to  the  Shukor- 
ees, against  whom  the  expedition 
was  in  part  directed. — He  then 
crossed  the  river,  and  traveled  for 
two  or  three  weeks  through  a broken 


and  mountain  courftry,  inhabited  by 
the  wandering  races  of  the  Hallen- 
gas  and  Hadendoas.  Themountains 
w hich  were  from  two  to  three  thou- 
sand feet  in  height,  were  crested  with 
walls  of  naked  porphyry  rock,  but 
their  lower  slopes  were  covered  with 
grass  and  bushes,  and  peopled  by 
myriads  of  apes.  Between  the  ran- 
ges were  many  broad  and  beautiful 
valleys,  some  of  which  were  inhab- 
ited. Here  the  vegetable  and  animal 
world  was  far  richer  than  on  the 
Nile.  The  Consul  was  obliged  to 
follow  the  movements  of  the  expe- 
dition, and  therefore,  could  not  trace 
out  any  regular  plan  of  exploration. 
After  seeing  just  enough  to  whet 
his  curiosity  to  penetrate  further, 
Moussa  Bey  returned  to  Goz  Radjeb. 
His  route  then  followed  the  course  of 
the  Atbara,  for  a distance  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty  miles,  to  the 
town  of  Sofie,  on  the  Abyssinian 
frontier.  The  river,  which  is  a clear 
and  beautiful  stream,  has  a narrow 
border  of  trees  and  underwood,  and 
flows  in  a winding  course  through 
a region  of  low,  grassy  hills.  By 
using  the  water  for  irrigation,  the 
country,  which  is  now  entirely  un- 
cultivated, might  be  made  very  pio- 
duciive.  The  Shukorees  possess 
immense  herds  of  camels,  and  a 
hegin,  or  trained  dromedary,  which 
the  Consul  purchased  from  them, 
was  one  of  the  strongest  and  fleet- 
est which  I saw  in  Africa. 

Near  Sofie  the  savannas  of  grass 
give  place  to  dense  tropical  forests, 
with  a rank  undergrowth,  which  is 
often  impenetrable.  Here,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  lion  and  leopard,  which 
are  common  to  all  Soudan,  the  expe- 
dition saw  large  herds  of  the  ele- 
phant and  rhinocerous. — The  woods 
were  filled  with  birds  of  brilliant 
plumage,  and  the  vegetable  world 
was  rich  and  gorgeous  beyond  des- 
cription. The  Consul  remained  but 
a short  time  here,  and  then  traveled 


1855.] 


The  Countries  of  Soudan. 


235 


westward  to  the  town  of  Abon -Haras,  || 
on  the  Blue  Nile,  visiting  on  the  ; 
way  a curious  isolated  mountain,  j 
called  Djebel  Attesh. — Near  Abou-  | 
Haras,  are  the  ruins  of  an  ancient 
Christian  town,  probably  dating  from  , 
the  fourth  or  fifth  century,  about!! 
which  time  Christianity,  previously  i 
planted  in  Abyssinia,  began  to  ad-j 
vance  northward  towards  Nubia,  j 
The  Consul  obtained  from  the  gov- 1 
ernor  of  Abou-Haras,  three  iron  | 
crosses  of  a peculiar  form,  a num- 1 
ber  of  beads  which  had  belonged  to  ^ 
a rosary,  and  a piece  of  insense — all 
of  which  were  found  in  removing 
the  bricks  used  to  build  the  Pasha’s 
palace  and  other  edifices  in  Khart- 
oum. The  room  which  I occupied 
during  my  stay  in  Khartoum  was 
paved  with  the  same  bricks. — These 
remains  are  in  curious  contrast  with 
the  pyramids,  of  Meroe  and  the 
temples  of  Mesowurat.  The  Chris- 
tian and  Egyptian  faiths,  advancing 
towards  each  other,  almost  met  on 
these  far  fields. 

The  former  kingdom  of  Sennaar 
include  the  country  between  the 
two  Niles — except  the  territory  of 
the  Shillooks — as  far  south  as  lati- 
tude 12°.  It  is  bounded  by  Abys- 
sinia on  the  east,  and  by  the 
mountains  of  the  savage  Galla  tribes 
on  the  south.  The  Djezeereh  (Island) 
el  Hoye,  as  the  country  between  the 
rirers  is  called,  is  for  the  most  part 
a plain  of  grass  —Towards  the  south, 
there  are  some  low  ranges  of  hills, 
followed  by  other  plains,  which  ex- 
tend to  the  unknown  mountain  re- 
gion, and 'abound  with  elephants 
and  lions.  The  town  of  Sennaar,  I 
once  the  capital  of  this  region  and  ! 
the  residence  of  its  Meks  oi  Kings,  i 
is  now  of  little  importance.  It  was 
described  to  me  as  a collection  of! 
mud  huts,  resembling  Shendy.  The  | 
Egyptian  rule  extends  ten  days’  | 
journey  further,  to  Fazogl,  where  i 
the  fine  timber  in  the  mountains  <1 


and  the  gold-bearing  sands  of  Kasan 
have  given  rise  to  the  establishment 
of  a military  post.  Sennaar  as  well 
as  Kordofan,  Berber  and  Dongola, 
is  governed  by  a Bey,  appointed  by 
the  Pasha  of  Soudan.  It  is  only 
two  weeks’  journey  thence  to  Gon- 
dar,  the  capital  of  Amhara,  the 
principal  Abyssinian  kingdom.  I 
was  told  that  it  is  not  difficult  for 
merchants  to  visit  the  latter  place, 
but  that  any  one  suspected  of  being 
a person  of  consequence  is  detained 
there  and  not  allowed  to  leave  again. 
I had  a strong  curiosity  to  see  some- 
thing of  Abyssinia,  and  had  I been 
quite  sure  that  I should  not  be  taken 
for  a person  of  consequence,  might 
have  made  the  attempt  to  reach 
Gondar. 

Kordofan  lies  w’est  of  the  White 
Nile,  and  consists  entirely  of  great 
plains  of  grass  and  thorns,  except 
in  the  southern  part,  where  there  is 
a mountain  range  called  Djbel  Dyer, 
inhabited  by  emigrants  from  Don- 
gola. It  is  not  more  than  two  hun- 
dred miles  in  breadth,  from  east  to 
west.  Its  capital,  Obeied,  lies  in 
latitude  13°  12'  north,  and  is  a mere 
collection  of  mud  huts.  The  soil 
of  Kordofan  is  sterile,  and  the  water 
is  considered  very  unhealthy  for 
foreigners.  Capt.  Peel  gave  me 
such  a description  of  its  endless 
thickets  of  thorns,  its  miserable 
population,  and  its  devastating  fe- 
vers, that  I lost  all  desire  to  visit  it. 
There  is  a caravan  route  of  twenty 
days  between  Obeid  and  Dongola, 
through  a wild  region  called  the 
Beyooda,  or  Bedjuda.  A few  de- 
grees further  north,  it  would  be  a 
barren  desert,  but  here  it  is  an  al- 
teration of  wadays  or  valleys,  with 
ranges  of  porphyry  mountains,  af- 
fording'water,  trees,  and  sufficient 
grass  for  the  herds  of  the  wapidering 
Arabs.  It  is  inhabited  by  two 
tribes — the  Kabahish  and  the  Howo- 
weet,  who  differ  strongly  from  the 


236 


Colonization  in  Maine. 


[August, 


Arabs  east  of  the  Nile,  in  their  f 
appearance  and  habits.  The  latter, 
by  their  superior  intelligence  and 
their  remarkable  personal  beauty,  j! 
still  attest  their  descent  from  the  | 
tribes  of  Hedjez  and  Yemen.  Thei 
tribes  in  the  western  desert  are  more  j 
allied  to  the  Tibboos,  and  other  ten- 1 
ants  of  the  Great  Zahara.  The  car- 1 
avans  on  this  road  are  exposed  to  | 
the  danger  of  attacks  from  the  ne- 
groes of  Dar-Fur,  who  frequently! 
waylay  small  parties,  murder  the  | 
individuals,  and  carry  off  the  camels  ; 
and  go»ds.  i 

The  great  kingdom  of  Dar-Fur: 
offers  a rich  field  for  some  future  j 
explorer.  The  extensive  regions  it  j 
encloses  are  supposed  to  furnish  the  I! 
key  to  the  system  of  rivers  and  |i 
mountain-chains  of  Central  Africa,  ij 
Through  the  fear  and  jealousy  of|j 
its  rulers,  no  stranger  has  been  al- 1| 
lowed  to  pass  its  borders  since  the  j 


visit  of  Mr.  Browne,  half  a century 
ago.  Of  late,  however,  the  rela- 
tions between  the  Egyptian  rulers  in 
Soudan  and  the  Sultan  of  Dar-Fur 
have  been  quite  amicable,  and  if 
nothing  occur  to  disturb  this  har- 
mony there  is  some  hope  that  the 
ban  will  be  removed.  Lattif  Pasha 
informed  me  that  he  had  written  to 
the  Sultan  on  behalf  of  Capt.  Peel, 
who  wished  to  pass  through  Dar- 
Fur  and  reach  Borhon. — He  had 
at  that  time  received  no  answer,  but 
it  had  been  intimated,  unofficially, 
that  the  Sultan  would  reply,  giving 
Capt.  Peel  permission  to  enter  the 
country  and  travel  in  it,  but  not  to 
pass  beyond  it.  There  is  an  almost 
continual  war  between  the  Sultan  of 
Bornou  and  Dar-Fur,  and  the  Pasha 
was  of  the  opinion  that  it  would  be 
impossible  to  traverse  Africa  from 
east  to  west,  in  the  line  of  those 
States. 


To  the  Ministry  and  Members  of 

The  State  Colonization  Society, 
at  its  late  meeting  in  Portland,  the 
proceedings  of  which  will  soon.it 
is  hoped  by  the  courtesy  of  the 
newspaper  press,  be  spread  before 
our  entire  community,  resolved  to 
call  attention  to  the  old  custom  of 
taking  collections,  on  some  Sabbath 
near  the  4th  of  July  fer  an  object  so 
in  accordance  wiih  the  spirit  of  our 
national  birthday.  An  accordance 
it  may  be  added,  still  more  com- 
plete, now  that  the  Pilgrim  Fathers 
of  the  future  Christian  Nation  of 
Africa  are  no  longer  like  ours  at 
Plymouth,  a feeble  provincial  band, 
but  form  an  independent  Republic. 

The  day  has,  we  trust,  nearly 
passed  by,  for  friends  of  the  colored 
race  to  be  enemies  of  this  friendly 
agency,  indirectly  promoting  the 
emancipation  of  many,  and  directly 
tending  to  the  elevation  of  more, 
among  that  oppressed  people. 


all  Religious  Societies  in  Maine. 

We  should  be  happy  to  send  on, 
through  our  Treasurer,  Mr.  Eben 
Steele  of  Portland,  a joint  contribu- 
tion from  all  congregations  in  the 
I State,  to  meet  the  expenses  of 
; scores  of  men,  women,  and  children 
i|  waiting  to  exchange  slavery  in  Am- 
: erica  for  freedom  in  Liberia.  Where 
: a public  collection  is  for  any  reason 
: deemed  inexpedient,  it  is  hoped, 
that  some  individual,  friendly  to  the 
I cause,  will  prepare  a subscription 
i paper  on  the  day  of  American  In- 
li  dependence  in  aid  of  Liberian  lude- 
! pendence,  and  adding,  as  many 
; names  as  possible  to  his  own,  trans- 
! mit  the  proceeds  as  above. 

: J.  W.  Chickering, 

j Cor.  Sec.  Me.  Col.  Soc. 

I As  the  lime  is  short,  all  Maine 
I editors  are  requested  to  insert  the 
I above  in  their  next  issue  ; also  the 
I following  Resolutions  of  the  E. 
j Maine  Methodist  Conference: 


1855.] 


Meeting  of  Conn.  Colonization  Society. 


237 


Whereas,  The  American  Coloni- 1 
zation  Society  in  its  practical  ope-  j 
ration  has  wrought  effects  favorable  : 
to  the  abolition  of  slavery,  in  de- 1 
veloping  the  capabilities  of  the  col-  j 
ored  man  ; and  jj 

Whereas,  It  affords  facilities  for 
the  suppression  of  the  slave  trade  ! 
on  the  coast  of  Africa,  and  the  facili- 
ties for  civilizing  and  Christianizing 
the  colored  race  and  redeeming  the 
entire  continent  of  Africa  from  hea- 
then idolatry  and  pagan  supersti- 
tion ; Therefore 


j Resolved,  That  we  are  gratified 
that  an  Auxiliary  has  been  formed 
in  this  State. 

Resolved,  That  we  commend  it  to 
the  sympathies  and  prayers  of  the 
I Christian  public,  and  that  we  give  it 
our  cordial  support. 

Resolved,  That  we  choose  two 
delegates  to  attend  the  Annual 
Meeting  of  the  Auxiliary  to  be 
held  in  Portland  on  the  26th  inst. 

P.  Wiggins,  ^ 

N.  Webb,  > Committee. 
F.  Spraigue,  ) 


[From  the  Religious  Herald.] 

Meeting  of  Connecticut  Colonization  Society. 


The  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Con- 
necticut Colonization  Society  was 
held  according  to  previous  notice  in 
the  lecture  room  of  the  Center 
Church,  on  Wednesday  evening, 
6th  inst. 

Rev.  W.  W.  Turner,  called  the 
meeting  to  order  and  introduced 
the  President  of  the  Society,  Pro- 
fessor Silliman,  Senior,  who  re- 
quested the  Rev.  Mr.  Beadle  to  ad- 
dress the  Throne  of  Grace. 

Minutes  of  the  last  Annual  Meet- 
ing were  then  read  by  the  Secretary, 
Rev.  Mr.  Turner,  who  excused  him- 
self for  not  having  prepared  an  ex- 
tended report  of  the  Society’s  doings 
for  the  past  year,  on  account  of  his 
varied  pressing  duties,  and  then, 
saying  he  was  aware  he  should  not 
retain  any  office  whose  duties  he 
could  not,  for  any  reason,  perform, 
he  tendered  his  resignation  as  Sec- 
retary, with  the  assurance  that  his 
interest  in  the  Society  remained 
still  unabated,  and  that  hi&  resigna- 
tion was  offered  with  no  intention  i 
of  withholding  any  endeavors  he 
could  make,  or  any  donations  he 
might  be  able  to  bestow. 

Rev.  Mr.  Orcuit,  Agent  of  the 
Am.  Col  Society,  then  made  a brief 
statement  of  the  work 
the  last  twelve  months. 


done  during  !i  masters 


The  amount  paid  over  to  Am. 
Col.  Soc.  from  Conn,  during  the 
year  ending  May  15,  1855,  is 
$6,43S  11 — $1,000  of  this  being  a 
legacy  left  the  State  Society  by  Mrs. 
Hannah  Bigelow  ol  East  Hartford, 
deceased.  Exclusive  of  this  legacy, 
the  amount  of  our  subscriptions  to 
the  cause  exceeds  that  of  the  year 
previous  by  some  $900. 

This  increase  of  funds,  in  these 
“ hard  times,”  said  Mr.  Orcutt,  is 
most  pleasing  evidence  that  the  idea 
of  African  Colonization  is  not  dying 
out  in  this  community,  that  it  is  re- 
garded by  many,  not  as  an  abstract 
theory,  but  as  a practical  reality,  the 
demonstration  of  a truth  in  the  Di- 
vine economy  intimately  connected 
with  the  welfare  of  two  continents, 
and  two  races. 

I The  whole  amount  of  receipts  of 
I the  Am.  Col.  Society  for  the  year 
I 1854  was  $65,433  93,  a falling  off 
I from  receipts  of  the  preceding  year 
j of  several  thousand  dollars,  attribu- 
table in  part  to  the  financial  embar- 
rassments of  the  country. 

Five  hundred  and  fifty-three  emi- 
grants were  sent  to  Liberia  during 
the  same  year,  of  whom  363  were 
gratuitously  emancijiated  by  their 
and  29  purchased  their 
own  freedom. 


238 


Meeting  of  Conn.  Colonization  Society. 


[August, 


Mr.  Orcutt  also  stated  some  facts 
illustrative  of  the  beneficial  effects 
of  the  moral  atmosphere  created  by 
the  christianizing  of  the  colony  of 
Liberia.  The  Sabbath  was  in  con- 
sequence becoming  known  and  re- 
specled  amongst  those  who  came 
from  a distance  to  trade  in  Liberia  ; 
and  along  the  coast  and  in  the  in- 
terior that  holy  day  was  now  rever- 
enced, and  in  one  tribe  its  obser- 
vance even  required  by  law. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Pinney,  recently 
returned  from  his  fourth  trip  to  Li- 
beria, then  addressed  the  large  and 
attentive  audience  at  considerable 
length,  giving  narrative  incidents  of 
his  late  visit  to  that  Republic,  and 
Sierra  Leone,  which  he  also  visited. 

Mr.  P.’s  last  visit  to  Liberia  was 
to  investigate  the  causes  of  an  un- 
usual mortality  amongst  the  emi- 
grants who  were  sent  out  during 
the  previous  year,  and  its  result  con- 
vinced him  that  the  Society  had 
been  too  sparing  of  their  means, 
and  for  the  purpose  of  sending  so  i 
many  emigrants  and  at  as  low  a rate 
as  practicable,  had  devoted  too  large  ! 
a portion  of  their  funde^  to  the  pas- 
sage and  expenses  of  the  trip,  to 
the  neglect  of  suitable  preparation 
for  the  emigrants  up(>n  their  arrival 
in  Liberia.  Lack  of  proper  build- 
ings in  which  to  remain  during  the 
acclimanng  process  had  been  the 
cause  of  some  suffering  amongst 
emigrants,  and  Mr.  P.  therefi>re 
thinks  it  desirable  to  have  two  or 
three  large  receptacles  for  emigrants 
erected  at  the  respective  principal 
ports  of  debarkation,  in  which  they 
may  remain  and  be  properly  cared 
for  until  thoroughly  acclimated. 
This  change  with  some  caution  as 
to  use  of  proper  water  casks,  and  as 
to  crow'ding  the  passenger  vessels, 
will,  he  thinks,  correct  the  evils 
heretofore  apparent.  In  view  of 
this,  therefore,  more  money  must 
{)e  provided  by  frieinhs  ol’  the  So- 


ciety, or  less  emigrants  must  be  for- 
warded. 

Mr.  P.  then  spoke  at  some  length 
of  the  climate,  soil  and  productions 
of  Liberia,  assuring  his  hearers  that 
nothing  had  been  promised  regard- 
ing the  fertility  and  advantages  of 
that  country  which  was  not  more 
than  realized.  He  referred  to  the 
large  farms  owned  by  colored  men 
on  St.  Paul’s  and  St.  John’s  rivers, 
which  produced  v/onderful  crops  of 
sugar,  coffee,  &c.,  with  little  care, 
but  great  profit  to  their  owners.  On 
I one  farm,  trees  of  but  four  years 
growth  were'  producing  10  to  15  lbs. 
of  coffee  each,  whilst  the  whole 
farm  would  bring  perhaps  1,000 
lbs.  of  coffee  to  its  owner,  who  was 
a free  colored  man  formerly  having 
charge  of  a gentleman  s garden  on 
the  banks  of  the  Hudson  river. 

The  coffee  is  found  in  great 
abundance  and  variety  ail  over  Af- 
rica, said  Mr.  P.,  and  even  the  fine 
Mocha  coffee,  so  highly  valued  in 
j this  country,  grows  wild  in  great 
abundance,  and  being  gathered  for 
i one  or  two  cents  per  pound  by  the 
natives,  is  taken  over  the  Red  Sea 
into  Arabia,  from  whence  it  is  ex- 
ported as  Arabian  Mocha  coffee. 

On  St.  John’s  river  Mr.  P.  found 
a party  of  colored  men,  from  Hart- 
ford, with  their  families,  some  eigh- 
teen in  all,  and  they  were  very  pros- 
perous. Parker,  Adams,  Williams 
and  Anderson  left  this  city  together 
with  their  families,  and  Seymour 
had  preceded  them  a short  time 
previous. 

Seymour  was  now  a member  of 
ihe  Legislature  of  Liberia,  and  the 
others  were  holding  responsible 
situations,  or  respectable  station  in 
the  community  where  they  reside. 

Mr.  P.  met  on  this  river  some 
slaves  from  Kentucky  whose  eman- 
cipation he  had  procured  in  1844, 
and  amongst  them  one  whose  free- 
dom had  been  j)urchased,  imniedi- 


1855.] 


Meeting  of  Conn.  Colonization  Society. 


239 


ately,  upon  an  appeal  from  Mr.  P.  in 


a church  in  Louisville  to  the  citi- 
zens of  that  place,  most  of  them 
slaveholders. 

During  his  travels  Mr.  P.  found 
but  in  one  instance  any  real  discon- 
tent with  their  condition  in  Liberia, 
and  that  was  amongst  the  slaves  of 
Mrs.  Reed  of  Mississippi ; they  feel- 
ing that  it  w'ould  be  belter  for  them 
to  have  a master  to  care  for  them, 
than  to  be  obliged  to  provide  for 
themselves. 

The  only  serious  danger  to  be  | 
apprehended,  Mr.  P.  thinks,  is  from  I 
the  eas3  of  procuring  a livelihood. 
There  is  so  little  necessity  for  labor 
there  that  nothing  but  Christian  prin- 
ciple will  make  emigrants  energetic, 
active  and  industrious. 

A.  Washington,  who  w^ent  from 
this  city,  Mr.  P.  found  at  Monrovia 
a successful  merchant,  he  having 
discontinued  his  daguerreotype  busi- 
ness when  his  first  stock  of  material 
was  exhausted,  as  he  could  do  bel- 
ter in  oiher  ways,  although  he  re- 
ceived upwards  of  $l,000for daguer- 
reotypes thefirst  year  of  his  residence 
there.  He  has  now  a fine  sugar 
farm  on  the  St.  Paul’s  river,  is  doing 
a good  wholesale  and retailbusiness 
in  his  Monrovia  store,  has  purchased 
two  boats  to  commence  a regular 
line  of  packets  up  and  dowm  the 
river,  has  built  one  house  which  he 
rents  to  the  Colonization  Society 
for  the  reception  of  emigrants,  and 
is  now  erecting  another. 

One  evil  which  is  not  confined  to 
Liberia  Mr.  P.  found  prevailing 
there,  viz.  extravagance  in  dress 
and  living.  Love  of  display  was 
shown  in  the  rich  silks  and  expen- 
sive dresses  almost  universally  worn  I 
in  the  churches,  and  also  in  the  i' 
splendid  houses  erected  by  the  col-  i 
ored  men  from  this  country.  Two  1 
houses  were  instanced  costing  $10-  j 
000  and  upwards,  built  by  a physi-  i 
cian.  Dr.  Ford  McGill  and  his 
brother  .Tames.  f 


Those  already  at  Liberia  are  anxi- 
ous that  more  of  the  free  colored 
men  from  the  North  should  leave 
this  country  for  that  Republic,  as 
one  free  colored  man  who  has  been 
accustomed  to  providing  for  himself 
is  worth  five  slaves  who  have  been 
dependent  upon  others  Mr.  P. 
thinks  they  may  pass  a law  for  the 
purpose  of  repressing  the  large  im- 
portation of  emancipated  slaves  un- 
less more  free  men  go  out  from  here. 

Mr.  P.  stated  some  interesting 
facts  concerning  Pres’t  Roberts  of 
Liberia,  who  went  from  Petersburg, 
Va.,  about  the  year  1830,  where  he 
had  been  for  some  time  a barber’s 
boy.  By  his  own  exertions,  aided 
1 by  his  natural  abilities,  he  rose  to 
I become  the  first  President  of  the 
Republic,  which  post  he  has  occu- 
pied for  four  successive  terras.  Me 
is  now  about  to  retire,  ^nd  a spirit- 
ed contest  is  going  on  betw^een  the 
two  candidates  nominated  to  suc- 
ceed him. 

The  moral  condition  of  Liberia 
seemed  very  good  to  Mr.  P.  and 
although  he  was  much  amongst  the 
common  people  while  there,  he 
heard  no  profaneness,  saw'  no  drunk- 
enness, and  even  met  no  grog-shop 
in  the  Republic.  Their  churches 
are  in  a healthy  state,  and  their 
sabbath  schools  well  attended  and 
prosperous. 

In  answer  to  a question  w'ith  re- 
I gard  to  the  English  Colony,  Sierra 
Leone,  Mr.  P.  stated  that  it  was 
mostly  composed  of  re-captured  Af- 
ricans, who  haa  been  sold  as  slaves, 
and  being  retaken  by  English  crui- 
sers, had  been  sent  to  this  Colony, 
w'here  they  were  supported  fur 
three  years  by  the  British  govern- 
ment and  then  furnished  with  a 
house  and  lot  and  left  to  themselves. 
Many  of  these,  after  having  been 
under  Christian  influences  for  a 
time,  return  to  their  old  homes  in 
the  interior,  and  thus  carry  thf'  seed 
<)fGodh>  imih  and  the  light  of  r.hvis- 


240 


Meeting  of  the  Conn.  Colonization  Society. 


[August, 


tian  civilization  into  the  darkest 
portions  of  poor  benighted  Africa. 
It  is  not  improbable  that  ere  long, 
Sierra  Leone  will  become  united  to 
Liberia'  as  the  beginning  of  a con- 
federacy of  States  which  may  exist 
when  the  American  Union  will 
have  been  broken  in  fragments. 

Mr.  P.  concluded  by  giving  some 
facts  with  regard  to  the  ship  Morgan 
Dix,  whose  passengers  had  suffered 
an  unusual  mortality,  concerning 
, which  various  unfounded  rumors 
had  been  circulated.  This  vessel 
left  a Southern  port  where  the 
cholera  was  raging,  and  through 
mistake  was  supplied  with  poor  wa^ 
ter  casks,  and  reached  Liberia  just 
after  the  reception  houses  had  been 
burned  down  by  an  infuriated  native 
chief  and  his  men.  These  ^things 
with  others,  combined  to  work 
against  the  passengers  by  that  ves- 
sel, and  yet,  instead  of  but  six  sur- 
vivors, as  was  reported,  Mr.  P.  had 
the  names  of  some  seventy-five  who 
were  alive  when  he  was  there. 

In  answer  to  a question  from 
Judge  Terry,  Mr.  P.  expressed  an 
opinion  that  the  mortality  was  not 
greater  in  Liberia  than  in  New  York 
City,  and  in  our  Southern  and  Wes- 
tern States. 

Rev.  Mr.  Beadle  was  then  called 
upon  for  some  remarks,  but  declined 
making  a speech  at  so  late  an  hour 
of  the  evening.  He  re-echoed  the 
sentiments  of  the  Secretary,  Mr. 
Turner,  as  to  the  preciousness  of 
the  colonization  cause.  He  felt 
that  it  was  the  cause  of  God  and 
would  prevail.  “ If  God  is  for  us,” 
said  he,  “ who  will  be  against  us  ?” 

Judge  Teiry  being  called  upon, 
expressed  his  gratification  that  the 
colonization  cause  was  so  upon  the 
increase.  He  was  the  first  Secretary 
of  the  State  Colonization  Society, 
and  attended  its  first  annual  meet- 
ing, when  the  only  officers,  mem- 


bers, audience  and  speakers  present, 
were  the  lamented  Gallaudet  and 
himself.  Although  alone,  however, 
they  organized  their  meeting,  trans- 
acted their  business,  elected  their 
officers,  and  the  Society  is  still 
alive. 

The  President  then  called  upon 
Rev.  Dr.  Hawes,  who  was  glad  of 
an  opportunity  to  define  his  posi- 
tion on  the  colonization  cause,  as 
he  had  been  misunderstood  with 
regard  to  it.  He  felt  a deep  interest 
in  the  cause  itself,  and  desired  its 
prosperity,  but  as  it  had  often  been 
supported  on  wrong  grounds  and 
with  improper  arguments,  he  had 
not  always  sympathized  with  its 
friends.  He  could  tolerate  nottiing 
that  furnished  any  excuse  or  pallia- 
tion for  African  slavery.  As  a 
means  of  christianizing  and  civili- 
zing Africa,  however,  he  bade  the 
cause  God  speed. 

Rev.  Mr.  Pinney  then  read  a let- 
ter from  Chester  E.  Fairchild,  a 
young  colored  man  at  school  in 
Vermont,  defending  Liberia  and 
President  Roberts  from  the  asper- 
sions of  a Mr.  George  S.  Dowming, 
a free  colored  man  of  New  York 
City. 

He  also  mentioned  incidents 
showing  the  kindness  of  some  slave- 
holders to  their  slaves  who  had  left 
for  Liberia,  and  affirmed  that  some 
of  God’s  best  servants  in  Virginia 
were  slaveholders,  and  have  proved 
their  benevolence  and  Christianity 
by  their  course  with  regard  to  their 
slaves  even  after  they  had  passed 
over  the  ocean  from  their  masters. 

Professor  Silliman  then  reassured 
the  audience  of  his  interest  in  the 
cause  of  colonization,  and  to  those 
who  desired  reliable  information  of 
the  Republic  of  Liberia,  &c.,  he 
commended  a little  book  recently 
prepared  on  the  subject  by  Com- 
mander A.  H.  Foote  of  the  U.  S. 


1855.] 

« 


African  tribes  about  Gape  Palmas, 


. 24t 


N^vy.  Iri  connection  with  this  he  j; 
reTened  to  the  ch;tracier  of  Ca|>t. 
Foote,  and  stated  that  the  British  , 
Admiral  on  the  African  coast  assured  !| 
Capt.  Foote  that  unless  he  used  || 
spirits  on  board  ship,  his  men  jl 
would  surely  die;  and  yet,  said  ji 
Prof.  S.,  after  two  years’  cruising  on  i 
that  coast,  Capt.  Foote  had  not  lost  || 
a man,  while  the  British  Admiral  n 
had  lost  24.  i; 

The  meeting  w^as  then  adjourned  :j 
sine  die,  || 

The  following  officers  were  elect- j! 
ed  for  the  ensuing  year  : !j 

President, jBenjamin  Silliman,  LL.  | 
D.:  Vice  Presidents,  Rt.  Rev.  Thos.  i 
C.  Brownell,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Hon. 
Thos.  S.  Williams,  Hon.  Ralph  I.  j 


Itigersoll,  James  Brewster,  Esq., 
Hon.  Thos.  W.  Wiliiams,  Hon. 
Ebenezer  Jackson,  Hon.  Origen  S. 
Seymour,  Hon.  John  H.  Brockway, 
Hon.  Thomas  Backus,  Hon,  Thos. 
B.  Butler;  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, Rev.  John  Orcutt ; Recording 
Secretary,  H.  Huntington,  Esq.: 
Treasurer,  Charles  Seymour,  Esq.: 
Board  of  Managers,  Rev.  N.  S,  ' 
Wheaton,  D D.,  Rev.  W.  W.  Tur- 
ner, James  B.  Hosmer,  Esq.,  Hoa. 
A.  Blackman,  Hon.  Henry  White, 
Austin  Dunham,  Esq.,  Hon.  Eben- 
ezer Flower,  Calvin  Day,  Esq., 
Frederick  Crosweli,  Esq.,  Wen.  S. 
Charnley,  Esq.,  Timothy  Bishop, 
Esq.,  H.  H.  Barbour,  Esq.,  Cyprian 
Wilcox,  Esq.,  Seth  Terry,  Esq. 


[From  the  Cavalla  Messenger.] 
African  tribes  about  Cape  Palmas. 


Some  account  has  been  given  in 
former  numbers  of  the  “ Messen- 
ger,” of  African  customs.  It  will 
be  interesting  now  to  say  something 
of  the  tribes  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Cape  Palmas. 

To  the  distance  of  two  hundred  | 
and  fifty  miles  north  w^est,  north  | 
north  east,  these  tribes  closely  re- 1 
semble  each  other  in  physical  ap- 
pearance, manners  and  customs. 
The  prevailing  color  perhaps  is 
black,  but  the  brown  is  very  general, 
and  in  many  families  very  light 
brown,  almost  the  Indian  red,  pre- 
dominates ; in  the  color  of  the  hair 
and  features  too,  there  is  much  di- 
versity. All  the  shades  between  jet 
black  and  red  are  to  be  seen.  The 
features  commonly  attributed  to  Af- 
ricans predominate,  but  on  this  part 
of  the  coast  the  exceptions  are  very 
numerous.  Thus,  oval,  even  long 
and  delicate  formed  face,  black 
piercing  eye,  small  mouth,  with 
cherry-red  lips,  tall  and  erect  figures 
are  by  no  means  uncommon.  The 
Orebo  people,  who  inhabit  the  sea 
16 


coast,  and  go  much  to  sea,  are  ta 
physical  developmenfi;  much  supe- 
rior to  the  interior  tribes  with  whom 
they  have  intercourse,  and  in  gen- 
eral intelligence,  and  energy  of 
character,  the  comparison  is  get^r- 
ally  in  their  favor. 

In  their  political  and  social  con- 
dition there  is  but  little  difference. 

I'hey  average  not  above  fifteen 
thousand  in  number.  They  ace  di- 
vided into  separate  towns  and  cor- 
porations, seldom  long  united  even 
by  the  loosest  confederation,  and 
the  petty  jealousies,  quarrels  and 
wars,  are  no  less  common,  amongst 
towns  of  the  same  tribe,  than  be- 
tween these  aliens. 

The  most  fruitful  causes  of  dis- 
I pute  are  land  boundaries,  women,  and 
; traffic.  No  surveys  or  formal  fixing 
I of  territorial  limits  are  knowu.  In 
! the  numerous  migrations  which 
have  taken  place,  the  parties  who 
cleared  the  original  forests  are  held 
to  be  the  rightful  proprietors  ; but  as 
! in  a tropical  country,  land  if  left  un- 
i disturbed  is  speedily  overgrown,  it 


242 


Yoruba, 


[August, 


is  easy  to  see  how  such  titles  may 
come  to  be  disputed.  For  women 
or  wives,  betrothment  money,  to  the 
amount  of  about  twenty  dollars  in  i 
cash;  is  given  to  the  father  or  Patri- 
arch of  the  wife’s  family,  each  man 
procuring  as  many  women,  or 
rather  females  of  all  ages,  as  he  is 
able.  This  of  course  leads  to  most 
ill  assorted  marriages,  and  the  run- 
ning away  of  women  with  those 
whom  they  may  chance  to  like  bet- 
ter than  their  husband,  is  of  frequent 
occurrence.  In  such  cases,  the 
money  originally  paid,  with  interest, 
is  demanded,  and  extreme,  means 
are  taken  to  compel  its  immediate 
payment.  The  seizure  and  confine- 
ment of  parties  belonging  to  the 


offender’s  town  or  family,  to  stop- 
ping of  all  intercourse,  are  the  com- 
mon expedient. 

Traffic  is  the  source  of  many  dif- 
ficulties The  coast  people,  and 
those  of  the  interior,  are  mutually 
dependent.  The  former  do  not  pro- 
duce enough  to  supply  their  own 
immediate  wants,  while  the  latter 
must  have  salt,  and  all  articles  of 
foreign  production  from  the  coast. 
The  people  in  this  region  beg  the 
agents  for  this  supply  to  take  care 
to  levy  very  high  duties;  and  the 
strife  to  lower  them  on  the  one  hand 
and  raise  them  on  the  other  con- 
stantly produces  disputes  and  in- 
terruption of  intercourse. 


Yoruba. 


Ibadan  is  an  African  town  in 
Yoruba,  containing  about  60,000 
souls,  a hundred  miles  inland  from 
the  west  coast  of  Africa.  The  only 
missionaries  there  are  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hinderer,  and  the  Rev.  J.  T.  Refer. 
Mr«.  H.  has  written  home  a journal 
of  the  mission,  from  which  I have 
now  given  our  readers  a few  ex- 
tracts. 

Let  us  lo'ok  into  her  dwelling 
house : 

“ The  scene,”  she  says,  “ would 
be  amusing,  in  our  little  native 
dwelling,  with  its  mud  walls  and 
thatched  roof,  with  no  ceiling,  no 
doors  or  windows  ; and  yet  we  feel 
as  secure  as  if  we  had  bars  and 
locks.  People  are  too  much  afraid 
of  us  to  steal,  even  if  they  were  so 
inclined.  Many  comforts  surround 
us,  and  we  are  quite  as  happy  as 
though  we  were  in  a palace,  though 
not  perhaps  quite  so  comfortable. 
For  instance,  it  is  raining : patter, 
patter,  it  comes  on  your  head,  and 
you  must  move : it  is  soon  put  to 
rights  again,  and  as  soon  you  find 
it  coming  down  in  another  place. 


But  it  is  a variety,  and  often  affords 
a little  amusement.  It  has  not 
spoiled  anything  yet,  and  when  the 
roof  gets  thoroughly  soaked — which 
it  will  soon  do  now,  as  the  rain 
comes  in  good  earnest — we  shall 
not  have  these  disturbances.  Now 
and  then  a frog  hops  in  to  take  a 
survey— but,  being  taken  by  sur- 
prise, it  is  generally  glad  to  hop  out 
again,  after  a little  scream  from  me, 
and  some  long,  worm-like  looking 
things,  with  at  least  a hundred  legs. 
But  my  greatest  enemies  are  the 
mosquitos ; they  are  too  fond  of 
biting.” 

The  cruelties  practised  by  the 
chiefs  are  most  horrible.  “ My  hus- 
band,” says  she,  “told  us  a sad 
story.  A cruel  chief  once  lived  in 
a house  we  saw.  One  of  his  wives 
having  committed  a trifling  offence, 
the  rest  of  his  wives  were  called 
out — at  least  many  of  them — and 
had  to  stand  in  a circle  ; he  then 
cut  oflT the  offender’s  head,  and  made 
them  all  drink  of  her  blood.  My 
hand  trembles  as  I write  of  such 
cruelty;  but  I could  tell  you  of  far 


1855.J 


243 


Funeral  of  an  African  Chief 


more  barbarous  ads.  We  went  to 
the  son’s  house : the  cruel  father  is 
dead.  The  son  is  not  so  bad.  My 
husband  pointed  out  a spot  where 
an  immense  ditch  had  been  dug, 
and  kept  open  fordead  bodies  killed 
in  this  way.  This  cruel  man  was 
head  chief — a perfect  tyrant:  no 
one  could  conquer  him.  His  house 


Funeral  of  an 

Extract  from  the  Journal  of  Rev.  H. 
R.  Scott,  Episcopal  missionary  at 
Cape  Palmas,  taken  from  the  Spirit 
of  Missions. 

Weir,  the  King  of  the  Cavalla 
towns,  died  to-day.  He  was  a man 
of  great  weight  of  character,  a friend 
to  our  mission,  and  an  advocate  for 
peace.  He  believed  the  gospel  to 
be  true,  but  said  it  was  too  late  for 
him  to  attend  to  it.  Great  prepara- 
tion is  bein^  made  for  his  funeral, 
which  comes  off  day  after  to-mor- 
row. Went  to  his  house  this  after- 
noon, where  I witnessed  a scene 
which  can  better  be  imagined  than 
described.  As  is  the  custom  on 
such  occasions,  the  women  related 
to  the  deceased  were  collected 
around  his  body — to  the  number  of 
forty  or  fifty — rolling  in  the  sand, 
and  making  the  air  resound  with 
such  lamentations  as  I have  read  of 
but  never  before  heard.  Some 
doubtless  felt  what  they  expressed 
but  with  the  great  majority  it  was 
the  expression,  with  very  little  if 
any  feeling  of  grief. 

December  15. — A great  number 
have  come  to-day  from  various  di- 
rections to  attend  the  funeral.  Guns 
are  being  continually  fired  and  a 
drum  beat. 

December  16. — The  body  of  the 
deceased  king  ^vas  taken  this  morn- 
ing to  an  open  plain  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  town,  where  an  arbor  was 
erected  over  it,  and  a table  placed 
near  it  on  which  was  his  hat,  two 


was  fortified.  His  own  death  was 
awful,  like  that  of  Herod,  and  more 
horrors  than  we  have  recorded  in 
scripture  of  Herod.  But  now  the 
blessed  gospel  has  entered  this  bar- 
barous place,  and  what  may  it  not 
effect  ? Oh  ! God,  send  out  Thy 
light  and  thy  truth  !” 


African  Chief. 

umbrellas,  a stool,  a bottle,  and  a 
few  other  articles  from  his  posses- 
sions. Then  the  regular  exercises 
commenced,  by  some  one  or  two 
hundred  of  the  men,  in  full  war- 
dress, performing  around  the  body 
military  evolutions  peculiar  to  the 
heathen,  and  keeping  up  a constant 
firing  over  and  upon  the  body,  dan- 
cing and  hallooing,  and  making  ad- 
dresses to  the  deceased — all  seem- 
ing to  be  striving  to  drive  away 
everything  like  serious  reflection. 
These  warriors  were  smeared  all 
over  with  a species  of  black  paint, 
and  had  a great  number  of  skins  of 
wild  animals  hanging  around  their 
waists,  and  a frightful  head-dress 
made  of  feathers,  skins,  deer  horns, 
&c.  Altogether,  they  presented 
such  an  appearance  as  we  might 
imagine  to  belong  to  fiends,  rather 
than  to  human  beings.  Besides 
these,  there  were  collected  perhaps 
a thousand  persons,  of  all  ages  and 
sexes — all,  with  few  exceptions, 
manifesting  the  greatest  delight  at 
theexhibition.  About  twelve  o’clock 
the  naiive  schools  from  Rocktown, 
Mt.  Vaughan  and  Cavalla,  being 
all  at  this  place,  to  attend  a cele- 
bration— all  marched  down  in  pro- 
cession, with  their  banners,  when 
Bishop  Payne  delivered  an  appro- 
priate address  to  the  large  audience 
assembled.  After  this  they  con- 
tinued firing,  and  playing  around 
the  body,  and  having  mock  battles, 
for  about  two  hours.  They  then 


244 


African  Pic-nics, 


[August, 


sent  word  to  the  Bishop  that  they  ] 
were  about  to  inter  the  body,  'and  ! 
requested  that  he  should  come  and  | 
address  them  again.  Being  engaged  | 
in  the  examination  of  the  schools,  j 
he  sent  the  messenger  to  me,  and  1 j 
went  down  and  delivered  them  a 
short  address.  After  which,  a broth- 
er of  the  deceased  made  him  an  ad-  ; 
dress  ; in  w hith  lie  alluded  to  the  i 
difficulties  which  had  occurred  be- ! 
tween  them,  and  said  they  were  all  ! 
settled  now,  then  concluded  by  | 
pouring  water  on  two  or  three; 


sticks  of  wood,  whi'ch  were  burning 
at  one  end,  and  throwing  them 
away.  The  body  was  then  conveyed 
to  the  grave,  and  interred  with  a 
quantify  of  rice,  jialm  oil,  beef,  and 
I rum,  for  the  use  of  the  spirit  on  his 
visits  to  the  grave. 

From  this  dark  scene  I returned 
to  my  home,  feeling  that  there  is 
nothing  better  calculated  than  a 
heathen  funeral  to  lead  the  Christian 
to  realize  and  cherish  the  blessings 
of  the  gospel. 


Central  African  Pic-Nics. 

I arose  at  sunrise,  and  leaving  :j  a cloud  of  dust  that  little  except  red 
Achmet  to  have  my  baggage  re- ;|  caps  and  horses  tails  w^as  visible,  un- 


moved, walked  through  the  town '|  til  we  came  out  upon  the  open  plain. 


(Khartoum)  to  my  head  quarters  at 
the  Consular  residence.  I found 
Dr.  Reitz^s  horses  saddled  in  the 


where  our  cavalcade  made  a show'y 
and  picturesque  appearance. 

The  company  consisted  of  Abd- 


court,  and  himself  walking  in  I he  gar-  | el  Kader  Bey,  Mousa  Bey,  Musaker 
den.  He  was  greatly  surprised  to  see  i Bey,  Ali  Bey,  Khasib,  Abou-Sin  and 


me,  not  having  expected  me  for  an- 
other week.  After  the  first  greetings  : 
were  over,  he  informed  me  that  Abd- 
el Kader  Bey,  the  Governor  of  Kor-  ■ 
dofan,  w'as  about  leaving  for  Obeid,  ^ 
and  his  friends  intended  to  accompa-  ■ 
ny  him  as  far  as  the  island  of  Mous- ^ 
sa  Bey,  in  the  White  Nile.  During 
my  absence,  Mahommed  Kheyrhad 


Owd-el  Kerim,  the  Shukoree  Chiefs, 
Ali  Effendi  Mahommed  Kheyr,  Dr. 
Reitz,  Dr.  Peney  and  myself,  besides 
a number  of  injferior  officers  end  at 
least  fifty  attendants ; in  short,  every 
body  of  consequence  in  Khartoum, 
except  the  Pasha,  who  was  represen- 
ted by  one  of  his  Secretaries.  The 
Beys  w’ere  mounted  on  fine  Arabian 


presented  Dr.  Keitz  with  a fine  Don-  j stallions,  Dr.  Peney  on  a tall  drom- 
golese  horse,  which  he  offered  to  i edary,  and  the  Arab  chiefs  on  mules 
that  I might  participate  in  the  ;j  and  donkeys,  while  tin 


me, 

festivities.  While  I was  at  the  Cath 
olic  Mission,  relating  my  adventures 
to  Dr.  Knoblecher,  a messenger 
came  to  annouce  that  Abd-el  Kader’s 
boat  had  left,  and  that  he,  with  other 
chiefs  of  Khartoum,  were  ready  to 
set  out  on  horseback  for  the  White 
Nile.  We  rode  at  once  to  the  house 
of  Moussa  Bey,  who  had  quit  recov- 
ered from  his  illness.  The  compa- 
ny was  already  mounted  in  the  square 


grooms  and 
pipe-bearers  ran  behind  on  foot, 
i I shall  long  remember  the  brilliant 
I picture  of  that  morning.  The  sky 
I was  clear  and  hot,  and  the  palm  rus- 
I tied  their  shining  leaves  in  a light 
! wdnd.  The  fields  of  beans  lay  spread 
: out  before  us  and  the  river,  their  j»ur- 
I pie  blossoms  rolling  in  long  drifts 
' and  flakes  of  color,  and  warm,  vo- 
I luptuous  perfume.  The  red  caps, 
the  green  and  scarlet  housings  of  the 


before  the  house,  and  only  awaited  horses,  the  rich  blue,  brown,  purjile 
our  arrival.  We  dashed  through  the  i and  violet  dresses  of  the  Beys,  and 
lanes  ofthe  slave  quarter,  raisingsuch  i the  snowy  robes  of  the  Arabs,  wiili 


1855.J 


African  Pic-nics. 


• 245 


their  crimson  borders  thrown  over 
tlie  shoulder,  j)rojected  against  the 
tawny  hue  of  the  distant  plains,  aiUi 
the  warm  blue  of  the  sky,  formed  a 
feast  of  color  which,  in  iis  entire 
richness  and  harmony,  so  charmed 
my  eye  that  the  sight  of  it  becante  a 
luxury  to  the  sense,  as  palpable  as 
that  of  an  exquisite  flavor  to  the  pal- 
ate.— Away  we  went  at  full  gallop, 
the  glittering  array  of  colors  dancing 
and  interchanging  to  the  rapid  mu- 
sic, as  our  horses  hoofs  tore  the  bean- 
vines  and  flung  their  tniling  blos- 
soms into  the  air,  until  we  reached 
the  banks  of  the  White  Nile,  where 
the  B -y’s  vessel  was  just  coming 
to  land.  Here  the  Arab  shekhs  and 
the  greater  part  of  the  inferior  offi- 
cers embraced  Abd-el  Kader  and  re- 
turned to  Khartoum. 

The  rest  of  us  crossed  over  to  the 
island  of  Mo*u?s  I Bey  and  walking 
over  the  thick  green  tmf  to  a large 
mimosa  tree,  of  the  variety  called 
araz,  where  the  carpets  were  spread 
on  the  ground  for  us  and  the  slaves 
were  ready  with  our  pipes.  We  lay 
there  two  or  three  hours,  in  the  pleas- 
ant shade,  talking,  smoking,  and  la- 
zily waiching  the  motions  of  the  at- 
tendants, who  were  scattered  all  over 
the  island.  An  Albanian  in  a scar- 
let dress  shot  a wild  goose,  and  Dr. 
Reitz  tried  to  bring  down  an  ibis, 
but  failed.  Finally  the  showrmeh — 
an  entire  sheep  stuffed  with  rice  — 
appeared,  garnished  with  bread, 
onions,  radishes,  and  grapes.  We 
bared  our  right  arms  and  buried  our 
hands  in  the  smoking  flesh  ‘vithsuch 
good  will,  that  in  half  an  nour  the 
dish  contai^ied  nothing  but  a beau- 
tiful skeleton.  Abd-el  kader  Bey 
honored  me  by  tearing  off  a few 
choice  morsels  with  his  own  fingers 
and  preseniing  them  to  me.  A bowl 
of  rice  cooked  in  milk  and  sweeten- 
ed, completed  the  repast.  At  noon 
we  went  on  board  the  sandal,  and 


[ after  being  shipped  to  the  other  side, 

; look  leave  of  Abd-el  Kader  with  an 
embrace  and  “God  grant  you  a pros- 
perous journey!'’  to  which  he  re- 
plied : “ God  grant  it  !”  He  sailed 
off”,  up  the  White  Nile,  for  Tura, 
with  a fine  breeze,  and  we  turned 
j homeward.  The  wind  which  blev 
I across  the  plain  in  our  faces,  was 
I as  hot  and  dry  as  the  blast  of  a fur- 
: nace  and  my  head  reeled  under  the 
; terrible  intensity  of  the  sunshine. — 

S The  Beys  took  every  opportunity 
I of  displaying  their  horsemanship, 

I dashing  over  the  bean-fields,  in  wild 
I zig-zags,  reining  up  in  wild  career, 

; thro\v'ing  their  crooked  canes  into 
! the  air  after  the  manner  of  a jereed, 
j and  describing  circles  and  ellipses  at 
i full  gallop.  The  finest  of  all  was  my 
I handirome  Albanian  friend,  Musa- 
! ka  Bey. 

I I called  upon  the  Pasha  the  same 
I afternoon,  to  give  him  an  account  of 
I my  voiage  up  the  White  Nile,  and 
I was  obliged  to  remain  and  dine  with 
liim.  He  w’as  very  much  interested 
! in  my  adventures  wdth  the  Shillooks, 
i but  gave  me  to  understand  that  the 
I negroes  had  great  fear  of  his  power, 

I and  that  if  they  had  net  known  I 
i was  under  his  protection  they  would 
l!  certainly  have  killed  me.  When  I 
I spoke  of  the  giant  statue  of  the  Shil- 
I looks  he  confirmed  what  I had  al- 
I ready  heard,  that  the  Kyks  and  Baris 
j|  are  full  seven  feet  in  height.  He  al- 
ii so  stated  that  his  predecessor,  Ach- 
I met  Pasha  Menekleh,  had  captured 
I in  the  regions  beyond  Fazogi  thirty 
jj  blacks,  who  were  nine  feet  high  and 
j!  terrible  to  behold.  They  were 
i brought  to  Khartoum  in  chains,  he 
I said,  but  relused  to  eat,  howling  like 
j beasts  and  died  in  paroxysms  ofsav- 
i age  fury.  When  1 remembered  that 
the  Pasha  had  already  told  me  that 
there  was  a subterraneous  passage 
from  Alexandria  to  the  Fyoom  (a  dis- 
tant of  two  hundred  miles,)  made  by 


•24U 


African  Women. 


[Auf,'ust, 


Alexander  the  Great,  and  that  the 
Sultan  at  Constantinople  had  an  ape 
which  grew  to  be  twenty  feet  in  height, 

I received  this  last  communication 
with  a grain  of  allowance.  He  fully 
believed  in  the  existence  of  the 
N'yam  N’yam,(a  horribly  suggestive 
name  ) or  cannibals,  who  [ have  no 
doubt,  are  a fabulous  race.  Dr.  Barth 
heard  of  them  in  Adamowa,  south  of 
Lake  Tsad,  and  Dr.  Knoblecher  in  i 
the  Bari  country,  but  no  one  has  ever 
yet  seen  them. 

The  expedition  of  Lattif  Effendi 
had  met  with  many  delays,  but  on 
Monday,  the  *2d  of  February,  every- 
thing was  ready  for  its  departure. 
It  consisted  of  two  large  nekkers  or 
trading  vessels,  each  armed  with  a 
cannon,  and  carried  six  soldiers  in 
addition  to  the  crew.  It  was  also  pro- 
vided with  interpreters,  who  spoke 
the  language  of  the  different  tribes. 
Fat  Abou-Balta,  who  was  the  own- 
er of  one  of  the  vessels.  Dr.  Peney, 
Dr.  Reitz,  and  myself,  made  up  a par- 
ty to  accompany  Lattil  Effendi  the 
first  stage  of  his  voyage.  We  took  the 
same  little  sandal  in  which  I had  sail- 
ed, and  pushed  away  from  Khartoum 
at  sunset,  followed  by  the  nekkers. 
The  relatives  of  the  sailors  were 
crowded  on  the  bank  to  bid  them 
good-bye,  and  as  the  vessels  weigh- 
ed anchor,  the  women  set  up  the 
- &\\n\V‘lu-lu-lu-lu-luf  which  they  use 
to  express  all  emotions,  from  rapture 
down  to  despair.  We  had  a light, 
but  favoring  wind,  and  at  9 o’clock 
reached  a long,  sandy  beach  about 


five  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the 
White  Nile,  where  we  came  to  a 
halt.  The  vessels  where  moored  to 
the  shore,  fires  kindled,  pipes  light- 
ed and  coffee  made,  and  we  gaiher- 
ed  into  groups  on  the  sand,  in'lhe 
light  of  the  full  moon.  At  midnight 
the  customary  sheep  made  its  ap- 
pearance accompanied  by  two  bot- 
tles of  claret,  whereat  Abou-Balta 
affected  to  be  scandalized,  so  long 
as  any  Moslem  attendants  were  in  i he 
neighborhood.  When  the  coast  was 
clear,  he  sprawled  out  like  another 
Falstaff,  his  jolly  face  beaming  in 
the  moonlight,  and  took  a sly  taste 
of  the  forbidden  beverage,  which  he 
liked  so  well  that  he  no  longerresent- 
ed  the  wicked  nickname  ^'gamoon 
elhahrf  (hippopotamus,)  which  we 
bestowed  upon  them.  We  tried  to 
sleep  a little,  but  although  the  sand 
was  soft,  the  night  air  was  chilly,  and 
I believed  nobody  succeeded  but 
Abou-Baito,  whose  enormous  belly 
shook  with  the  force  of  his  snor- 
ing, as  he  lay  stretched  out  on  his 
back.  By  three  in  the  morning 
everybody  was  tired  ; the  fires  had 
I burned  out,  the  meats  of  the  banquet 
had  grown  cold,  and  the  wind  blew 
! more  freshly  from  the  north. — Lattif 
I Effendi  called  his  sailors  on  board, 
and  we  took  leave  ofhim.  The  two 
nekkers  spread  their  huge  wings  and 
sailed  off  in  the  moonlight  for  the 
land  of  the  Baris,  while  we  made  our 
slow  way  back  to  Khartoum,  where 
j we  arrived  at  day  Journey 

1 to  Central  Jifrica^  by  Bayard  Taylor. 


[From  the  Cavalla  Messenger.] 

African  Women. 


It  is  commonly  said  that  in  hea- 
then countries  woman  is  ever  degra- 
ded to  the  level  of  slaves.  This  can- 
not be  said  in  strict  propriety  of  wo- 
man in  this  part  of  Africa.  It  is  true, 
that  a certain  sum  is  given  as  betroth- 
meni  money,  by  every  husband  to  the  ' 


ii  wife’s  father  or  headman.  But  the 
li  wife  repels  indignantly  the  idea  of, 
being  bought : and  it  is  a remarkable 
fact,  that  the  oldest  son  of  every  wo- 
man, claims  from  his  mothey^’s  farnWy^ 
a wife  or  her  value,  in  return  for  be- 
trothment  money  received  on  her. 


1855.] 


Maine  Colonization  Society. 


247 


account.  The  influence  of  woman  ; 
is  far  from  unimportant.  In  the  j 
disposition  of  her  daughters  she  , 
must  be  always  consulted.  Thehus*  | 
band  too  must  see  to  it  that  he  pleas-  | 
es  her,  if  not  altogether  for  /ove’^sake,  j 
yet  to  save  himself  from  the  potent  ] 
spells,  or  sorceries,  which  woman  is  I 
supposed  especially  to  wield.  Her  j| 
supposed  power  in  this  respect,  || 
causes  her  to  be  consulted  in  case  of  || 
war,  the  idea  being,  that  if  she  is  not  ji 
favorable  to  the  war,  she  has  the  pow- 
er of  causing  the  death  of  her  hus-  j 
band  or  friend  in  battle.  i 

Vanity,  too,  in  the  husband  often  , 
contributes  to  the  good  treatment  of 
woman.  Each  man  is  ambitious, 
especially  in  the  dancing  season,  to 
have  his  wives  make  as  much  dis-  j 
play  of  dress  and  ornament  as  possi-  j 
ble.  Gay  colored  clothes,  and  a | 
profusion  of  beads  and  trinkets  on  | 
the  legs  and  arms, .are  given  accord-  j 
ing  to  the  ability  of  the  husband,  at  j 
this  time.  Nor  is  it  the  wives  only  j 
who  must  thus  be  conciliated.  Fe-  | 
male  cousins,  relatives  even  the  most  | 
distant,  make  large  drafts  u^onAta,  | 
or  else  by  common  consent  he  is  a ! 
bad  man.  | 

The  labor,  too,  is  more  equally  dis-  | 
tributed  between  the  men  and  wo-  1 
men,  than  is  generally  supposed.  , 
The  men  prepare  f^rms,  in  all  ! 
cases  for  cultivation,  and  assist  the  j 
women,  in  their  cultivation.  The  1 
men  also  build  houses,  make  canoes,  | 
and  do  most  of  the  trafficing.  | 

But  the  woman  has  her  share  of  } 


labor.  She  chiefly  cultivates  the  soil, 
after  the  rice  and  cassada  crops  have 
been  planted.  She  makes  salt  by 
evaporatingsea  water  in  brassor  cop- 
per vessels,^and  has  to  make  fre- 
quent journies  to  exchange  this  and 
other  things,  to  supply  food  for  her 
household.  When  the  rice  has  been 
harvested,  it  is  put  in  the  upper  part 
of  her  house  in  the  straw,  and  she 
must  beat  it  out,  and  cook  it  daily 
as  needed. 

At  the  close  of  day,  she  must  have 
w'ater  ready  for  bathing,  and  food 
for  her  husband  to  eat.  She  must 
be  ever  ready  to  receive,  and  pro- 
vide in  a similar  manner  for  stran- 
gers. 

But  “ troubles  must  and  will  be- 
fall” the  best,  and  much  more  poor 
heathen  African  women.  Even  a 
slight  impropriety  often  draws  down 
upon  them  the  rage  of  their  lords, 
and  the  rod,  or  fire,  or  the  cutlass, 
or  the  more  dreaded  gidu,  ('sassa- 
w'ood,)  at  his  discretion,  can  alone 
appease.  But,  indeed,  African  wo- 
men are  habitually  guilty  of  more 
than  improprieties.  They  are  un- 
principled, and  often  very  vicious. 
Not  more  so  than  their  husbands, 
perhaps,  but  this  is  only  to  say  that 
they  are  wicked  heathen,  after  all. 
And  although  in  their  outward  ap- 
pearance they  are  in  general  light- 
hearted and  pleasant,  at  heart  they 
are  without  principle,  and  indulge 
in  all  manner  of  vices  peculiar  to 
heathenism.  This  is  their  misery. 


[From  the  Christian  Mirror.] 

Maine  Colonization  Society. 


The  official  account  of  the  first  annual 
meeting  is  given  below  by  the  Secretary. 
W e regret  there  is  no  report  of  the  speeches, 
so  full  of  reason,  humanity,  life  and  point, 
as  they  were.  It  certainly  was  not  the 
least  interesting  of  the  meetings  held  du- 
ring the  week.  The  sentiments  uttered 
commended  themselves  to  the  philanthro- 
pic and  Christian  heart.  It  is  a matter  of 


real  congratulation  that  the  interest  in  this 
cause  has  begun  to  revive  among  us.  We 
trust  It  will  take  strong  hold,  and  spread 
till  it  pervades  the  community  throughout 
the  entire  State. 

Rev.  Messrs.  Robinson  and  Farrington 
appeared  as  delegates  from  the  West 
Maine  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church, 


248 


Hems  from  the  Liberia  Herald. 


[Augitsi, 


Resolutions,  expressing  cordial  sympa-  j; 
tby,  were  presented  from  the  East  Maine  ji 
Conference.  j 

('Published  on  page  236. 'I  jj 

T he  first  annual  meeting  of  the  Coloni-  J 
zation  Society  of  the  State  of  Maine,  was  !j 
held  at  the  rooms  of  thf^  Young  Men’s  ;j 
Christian  Association  in  Portland,  June  |; 
^th,  1855.  Rev.  J.  W.  Chickering,  one  ij 
of  the  Vice  Presidents,  in  the  chair.  The  ji 
meeting  was  opened  by  prayer  by  Rev  | 
W.  F,  Farrington.  On  motion  of  Rev.  W.  |i 
F,  Farrington,  |i 

Vbied  io  amend  the  constitution  of  this  'i 
»ocie5y,so  that  the  Executive  Committee,  ! 
and  the  Corresponding  Secretary  and  |' 
Treasurer  shall  be  chosen  by  the  Society 
at  the  annual  meetings.  Ij 

that  Rev.  C.  W.  Morse,  George  j 
Barker  and  Samuel  Tyler  be  a committee 
to  nominate  officers. 

Adjourned  to  meet  at  the  High  Street  i 
•church  this  evening.  j! 

Thursday  evening  met  at  the  High  | 
Street  church  pursuant  to  adjournment.  j; 

PIoK,  Etheh  Sheplet,  the  President,  on 
taking  ihe  chair,  addressed  the  meeting,  ^ 
and  vras  followed  by  Rev.  Mr.  Gurley  of  | 
Washington  City,  Rev.  J.  W.  Chickering,  i 
John  T^eal,  Esq.,  and  Rev.  H.  S.  Carpen-  | 
ter  of  Portland,  Rev.  Mr.  Copp  of  Chel-  |i 
sea,  Mass.,  and  Rev.  J.  Maltby  of  Bangor,  jl 
Rev.  Mr.  Morse  from  the  Committee  on 
BomiTintions,  made  a report  which  was  i; 
accepted,  and  therefore  the  following  per-  j, 
sons  were  chosen  officers  for  the  ensuing  | 
year  : | 

PIo3f.  Etser  Sheplet,  of  Portland,  , 

President.  I 

flee  Fresidenis  and  Jlfanagers : Hon.  j 
Albion K.  Parris,  Portland;  Rev.  Leonard 
"Woods,  D.  O.,  Brunswick  ; Hon.  George  jj 
Downs,  Calais ; Nathan  Cummings,  |j 
Portland  ; Rev.  John  Maltby,  Bangor  ; j 
Hon.  Josiah  Pierce,  Gorham  ; Rev.  W. 
T.  Dwight,  D.  D.,  Rev.  A.  Burgess,  of  i| 
Portland;  IJon.  W.  P.  Heines,  Bidde^ord;  j 
Hon.  Thomas  Robinson,  Ellswoi  ih;  John  j 
Ham,  Esq., Bangor  ; Rev.  W.  H.  Shailer,  1 
D.  D. , Rev.  H.  S.  Carpenter,  Phinehas  1 
Barnes,  Esq.,  Portland  ; Hon.  Edward  i; 
Robinson,  Thomaston  ; A.  H.  Boyd,  Esq.,  i 
Saco ; Rev.  Caleb  Hobart,  North  Yar-  j 
mouth, Rev.  E.  Robinson,  Saecarappa  ; A. 
Masters,  Esq.,  Hallowell  ; Hon  Joseph  ij 
Tiicomb,  Kennebunk  ; Dr.  Moses  Gould,  i! 


Bridgton;  Rev.  Phinehas  Fliggins,  Hamp- 
den; FVeeman  Clark,  Esq.,  Bath;  Ed- 
ward Fenno,  Augusta  ;‘'Rev.  J.  A.  Doug- 
lass, Waterford  ; H.  C.  Busw'ell,  Esq., 
Fryeburg  ; Nathan  Nye,  Esq.,  Fieeport ; 
John  Kelley,  Esq.,  Dennysville  ; H.  J. 
Libby,  Esq.,  Portland;  "Woodbury  S. 
Dana,  Esq.,  Portland ; Rev.  J.  W. 
Chickering,  Portland,  Cor.  Secretary^ 
Philip  Eastman,  Saco,  Recording  Secretary; 
Eben  Steele,  Portland,  Treasurer. 

Executive  Committee  : Rev.  James  Pratt, 
Rev.  W.  F.  Farrington,  Nathan  Cum- 
mings, Esq.,  Samuel  Tyler,  Esq  , Byron 
Greenough,  Esq.,  Portland  ; Freeman 
Clark,  Esq.,  Bath;  A.  H.  Boyd,  Esq., 
Saco. 

The  following  Resolutions  were  unani- 
mously adopted  : 

Resolved  That  in  view  of  the  truly 
patriotic  and  benevolent  character  of  the 
American  Colonization  Society  in  seeking 
by  the  wisest  means  the  highest  good  of 
the  greatest  number  of  the  African  race, 
we  deem  it  worthy  of  generous  and  uni- 
versal support ; and  that  it  be  earnestly 
recommended  to  all  Christian  societies  or 
congregations  in  this  state  to  take  up  col- 
lections for  this  Society  on  the  fourth  of 
July,  or  on  some  sabbath  as  near  as  con- 
venient to  that  day  annually  ; and  that 
where  this  cinnot  be  done,  some  friend  of 
the  cause  is  earnestly  requested,  by  pri- 
vate solicitation  to  procure  a subscription 
to  this  sc  worthy  tribute  to  humanity  on 
that  national  birth  day. 

Rtiolved,  That  inasmuch  as  it  is  under- 
stood that  the  American  Colonization  So- 
ciety is  in  want  of  a suitable  vessel  or  ship 
of  proper  dimensions  and  construction  to 
be  exclusively  under  its  control,  and  in  its 
service  for  the  safe  and  comfortable  con- 
veyance of  emigrants  to  Liberia,  a Com- 
mittee of  seven  be  appointed  to  devise  and 
secure  the  means,  and  by  building  or 
purchise  to  obtain  a suitable  ship  for  the 
Society. 

Geo.  F.  Patten  of  Bath  ; Samuel  Tyler, 
of  Portland  ; Joseph  Titcomb,  of  Ktnne- 
bnnk ; John  Ham,  of  Bangor ; A.  R. 
Stetson,  of  Damariscotfa  ; William  Chase, 
of  Portland  ; and  Thomas  Harwood,  of 
Bath  ; were  appointed  this  Committee. 

Adjourned, 

Philip  Eastman,  Ree.  Sec. 


Items  from  the  Liberia  Herald. 

Thf.  New  Tear." — We  Lave  fairly  en-  |l  has  passed  away,  and  is  now,  “ with  tl’e 
tered  upon  a new  portion  of  time.  The  Ij  years  beyond  the  flood.”  We  are  at  the 
year  iS54  with  all  its  joys  and  sorrows — i[  threshold  of  1855,  whose  contingencies 
all  its  expectation's  and  disappointments,  Ij  lie  stil!  in  the  unknown  and  mysterious 


1855.] 


Hems  from  the  Liberia  Herald. 


24P 


future.  We  may  live  to  see  its  close,  and 
we  rr>ay  not.  Who  can  tell  the  changes 
and  revolutions  that  may  be  produced  by 
a year,  a single  year?  But  no  matter 
what  occurs,  let  us  endeavor  to  be  found 
among  the  uncompromising  adherents  of 
truth  and  righteousness,  and  we  shall  | 
assuredly  enjoy,  what  we  wish  all  our ; 
readers — a happy  vew  year.  i 

In  reviewing  the  past  year,  we  find  , 
abundant  occasion  for  praise  and  thasks-  i 
giving  to  the  sovereign  of  nations  by  i 
whose  kind  guidance  and  protection  our  ! 
little  Republic  has  been  preserved,  and  I 
still  continues  to  maintain  a national  atti-  j 
tude. 

While  disease  with  its  poisonous  breath  j 
has  carried  devastation  into  various  parts  , 
of  the  earth,  depopulating  in  its  dreadful  ] 
march,  cities,  towns  and  villages  ; while  j 
destructive  and  sanguinary  war  has  caused  j 
the  blood  of  thousands  to  irrigate  the  soil,  i 
laying  its  ruthless  hands  upon  the  beauti-  i 
ful  and  magnificent  works  of  art,  and  I 
desolating  in  an  hour  the  productions  ofj 
the  industry  a)id  labor  of  many  years  ; | 
while  infernal  commotions,  insurrections  i 
and  political  'dissensions  have  disturbed  j 
the  harmony  and  arrested  the  progress  of  | 
various  nations,  Liberia  has  enjoyed  a 
remarkable  and  grateful  immunity.  We  ! 
have  been  protected  from  the  “ pestilence  j 
that  walketh  in  darkness,  and  from  the  j 
destruction  that  wasteth  at  noonday.”  | 
Peace  has  been  tlie  boundary  line  r^f  our  i 
habitation,  and  prosperity  its  pleasant  in-  j 
mate.  i 

In  the  various  departments  of  our  moral  ! 
and  social  organization  we  have  been  on  j 
the  advance.  Churches  have  been  erected 
in  different  localities  ; new  fields  for  evan- 1 
gelical  labor  have  been  opened,  and  the  ■ 
spiritual  laborers  have  entered  upon  their  | 
work  of  mercy  ; while  several  portions  of  i 
the  Lord ’s  vineyard  have  enjoyed  a season  ; 
of  refreshing  from  His  presence. 

Our  educational  facilities  have  not  di- 
minished. The  school  master  is  abroad, 
and  our  youth  are  enjoying  the  wholesome 
influences  of  those  whose  “delightful! 
task  ” it  is, 

“To  rear  the  tender  thought 

And  te.ach  the  young  idea  how  to  shoot.” 

The  Press  has  received  a valuable  aux-  | 
iliary  in  a new  periodical — the  Liberia  { 
Sentinel f whose  publication  reflects  no 
little  credit  upon  the  enterprise  of  its 
proprietor.  While  we  do  not  endorse  all  | 
the  .sentiments  that  have  been  advanced  in 
Its  columns,  we  hail  its  appearance  among  ;i 
us,  and  wish  it  success  and  perpetuity  as  ; 
another  vehicle  of  instruction  and  intelli-  ii 


gence  to  the  people  of  Liberia  ; hoping 
that  the  effect  of  more  than  one  element  in 
our  moral  and  political  atmosphere  will  be 
to  purify  it. 

The  scenes  to  be  witnessed  on  our  rivers 
and  the  growing  interest  so  generally 
manifested  in  the  enlargement  of  agricul- 
tural operations,  afford  encouraging  evi- 
dences of  the  advancement  of  Jigricullure — 
the  only  true  basis  and  unfailing  source  of 
national  prosperity. 

The  vessels  of  various  nations  that  con- 
tinually arrive  in  and  depart  from  our 
ports  evince  the  thriving  state  of  our  com- 
mercial department. 

This  branch  of  industry,  so  essential  to 
the  life  and  activity  of  a community,  so 
necessary  to  our  country,  for  the  stimula- 
: tion  of  our  people  to  the  developement  of 
the  natural  resources  of  the  country  ; so 
important  to  our  enjoyment  of  the  advan- 
tages derivable  from  regular  intercourse 
with  the  civilized  and  enlightened  world, 
is  obviously  not  behind  the  other  improve- 
ments. 

Upon  the  whole,  a retrospect  of  the  past 
year  cannot  fail  to  excite  within  us  emo- 
; tions  of  gratitude  to  the  Divine  Ruler  for 
such  manifestations  of  mercy  and  goodness. 
But  while  the  aggregate  of  our  affairs 
shows  a gradual  and  general  advancement 
we  are  not  without  cause  to  quicken  our 
steps  in  order  to  keep  i ace,  in  a moral 
point  of  view,  with  this  progressive  age. 
In  the  various  reformations  now  on  foot 
I in  the  civilized  world  we  have  taken  but 
I comparatively  little  part.  In  the  temper- 
ance reform,  for  instance,  it  cann  it  be  said 
that  there  has  been  any  decided  progress 
' during  the  past  year.  In  some  places 
1 there  has  been  an  advancement ; but  gen- 
erally there  have  been  painful  indications 
j of  non-action,  notwithstanding  the  dire 
I effects  of  intemperance  often  witnessed 
among  us.  We  are  not  without  encour- 
. agement  however,  in  this  respect ; our 
; people  are  now  awaking  to  their  duty,  and 
i strenuous  efforts  are  makingforthe  suppres* 
I sion  of  the  demoralizing  influence  of  alcohol 
j Let  us  go  on  from  one  improvement  to 
another  until  a pure  and  permanent  refor- 
mation shall  be  effected  in  our  midst;  and 
the  benighted  natives  around,  coming  un- 
I der  its  salutary  influences,  shall  be  recov- 
ered from  their  ignorance,  superstition, 
and  degradation,  and  standing  on  a level 
with  the  most  favored  portions  of  mankind, 
enjoy  with  them  “ par  value  and  consid- 
eration.” Januai'y  3.  B. 

The  Ladies’  Dorcas  Society  of  this 
city  celebrated  its  anniversary  on  Thuisday 
the  11th  inst.  at  the  M.  E.  bhurch.  The 


250 


Items  from  the  Liberia  Herald. 


[August, 


annual  report  of  ilie  Society,  read  on  the 
occasion  by  F.  Payne,  Esq.,  showed  that 
it  has  not  been  negligent  during  the  past 
year,  in  carrying  out  the  object  to  which 
It  professes  to  be  devoted.  Its  expendi- 
tures had  exceeded  by  far  its  receipts,  and 
yet  there  was  a good  amount  remaining  in 
the  treasury.  The  Address,  highly  inter- 
esting and  instructive,  was  delivered  by 
Rev.  J.  W.  Horne,  Principal  of  the  Mon- 
rovia Academy. 

A peculiar  interest  attaches  itself  to  this 
Society,  Its  charities,  while  they  have 
not  been  ostentatious  have  been  eminently 
beneficial  to  the  community.  Through  its 
exertions  and  benevolence  the  first  asylum 
for  the  poor,  was  erected  in  this  city  ; and  i 
it  has,  since  its  erection,  though  never 
destitute  of  inmates,  been  sustained  by 
them.  It  IS  now  in  a state  of  delapidation 
and  the  inhabitants,  beneficiaries  of  the  ; 
Society,  are  subject  to  great  exposures. — 
The  ladies,  we  learn,  intend  giving  a 
“ Subscription  tea  ” in  order  to  raise  suf- 
ficient money  to  place  the  asylum  in  a 
habitable  condition — We  wish  them  abun- 
dant success  in  this  effort.  Jan.  17. 

Temperance, — We  take  pleasure  in  J 
stating  for  the  encouragement  of  the  ! 
friends  of  Temperance  throughout  the  Re-  i' 
public,  that  a law  for  the  suppression  of  ;| 
the  use  of  all  intoxicating  drinks  has  been 
passed  by  the  Legislature.  A duty  of  one 
dollar  per  gallon  has  been  imposed  upon 
all  spirituous  and  malt  liquors,  to  take  ef- 
fect next  May. 

This  is  surely  the  beginning  of  better 
days,  and  the  lime  is  near,  we  trust,  when 
the  monster  Alcohol  shall  not  be  seen 
among  us.  When  he 
“ Shall  no  more  stalk  with  footstepsgory  ; 

No  more  trample  down  and  slay  ; 

And  the  blooming  and  the  hoary. 

No  more  fall  beneath  his  sway.” 

^ Fire. — On  the  evening  of  the  9th  inst. 
our  little  city  was  the  scene  of  a melan- 
choly catastrophe.  About  7 o’clock,  P.  M., 
a lire  accidentally  broke  out  at  tlie  resi- 
dence of  Rev.  Alexander  Crummell  during 
the  absence  of  all  but  the  children,  and  a 
servant  girl.  The  alarm  being  given,  per- 
sons from  every  direction — men,  women, 
and  children — flocked  in  eager  crowds  to 
the  spot ; but  before  any  assistance  could 
be  rendered  the  fire  had  made  extensive 
progress,  it  spread  with  amazing  rapidity 
over  the  building,  nor  ceased  in  its  des- 
tructive course  until  the  large  and  valuable 
edifice  was  reduced  to  ashes. 

By  the  magnanimity  and  exertions  of  our 


fellow  citizens,  ever  ready  to  sympathize 
with  the  sufiering,  a good  portion  of  Mr. 
Crummell ’s  effects  wer#  rescued  from  the 
devouring  element.  We  learn,  however, 
that  Rev.  Mr.  Green,  and  Mr.  Samuel 
Williams,  residents  in  the  family,  have 
sustained  severe  losses. 

This  is  indeed  a sad  occurrence  ; but  it 
has,  no  doubt,  impressed  upon  the  minds 
of  our  citizens  a lesson  as  to  the  necessity 
of  extreme  carefulness  in  the  use  of  that 
dangerous  element,  which  they  will  not 
soon  forget.  The  generosity  and  gallantry 
manifested  by  our  citizens  on  that  distress- 
ing occasion  are  worthy  of  high  commen- 
dation ; and  we  take  pleasure  in  giving  a 
.«!pace  in  our  columns,  to  the  following  tes- 
timonial, and  expressions  of  gratitude 
from  Rev.  Mr.  Crummell,  which  appeared 
early  on  the  next  morning  after  the  fire  : 

“ The  Rev.  Alex.  Crummell  and  family 
take  the  earliest  opportunity  of  returning 
their  heartfelt  thanks  to  their  fellow  citi- 
zens and  townsmen,  for  their  generous, 
self-devoted  conduct  and  bearing  amid  the 
sad  catastrophe  of  the  last  night  : 

To  the  “Johnson  Guards,”  for  their 
prompt  appearance  on  the  ground,  and  for 
their  zeal  and  watchfulness  : 

To  the  gentlemen  of  the  Town  Council 
for  their  early  presence,  and  for  their  earn- 
est hearty  exertions  : 

To  his  fast  friends — “The  Wardens, 
Vestry,  and  the  active  sympathizing  mem- 
bers of  his  Congregation,”  both  male  and 
female ; their  kindness  and  labors  can 
never  be  forgotten  : 

To  the  “ Young  men  of  the  town  ; gen- 
erous, gallant,  self-forgetting,  self-sacri- 
ficing— they  performed  prodigies  !”  “ may 
the  Lord  remember  them  for  good  forever.  ” 
Never  have  we  witnessed  more  noble  da- 
j ring,  more  real  heroism,  more  generous 
j enthusiasm.  The  young  men  of  this  town 
are  made  of  the  stuff,  which,  if  rightly 
used,  will  make  them  Patriots  for  their 
country  and  Heroes  for  C H R I S T.” 

The  Gold  Medal  Again. — We  took 
i occasion  some  time  ago  to  inform  our  lite- 
rary fellow  citizens  of  the  liberal  proposal 
made  by  Martin  F.  Tapper,  Esq.,  a well 
known  English  poet,  and  an  unwavering 
friend  of  Liberia,  for  the  encouragement 
of  science  and  literature  in  our  land.  We 
stated  that  it  was  proposed  by  him  to  pre- 
sent a gold  medal  to  Liberia  to  be  award- 
ed annually  to  the  author  of  the  best  lite- 
rary production  in  prose  or  verse.  The 
medal  is  now  ready  and  awaits  competi- 
tion. 

As  Mr.  Tapper  wishes  to  make  the  first 
award  himself,  copie?  of  the  compositions 


1855.] 


Hems  from  the  Liberia  Herald. 


251 


will  be  transmitted  to  him  at  Albury, 
Guildford.  England.  Several  manuscripts 
have  already  been  forwarded  by  President 
Roberts  ; but  some  have  unfortunately 
been  lost  in  transit,  as  Mr.  Tupper  writes 
that  he  has  only  three  in  his  possession. 

It  is  not  absolutely  necessary  that  com- 
petitors shall  sign  their  names  to  the  man- 
scripts  they  send  ; they  may,  if  they  see 
fit,  sign  by  a cypher  or  motto. 

All  copies  may  be  sent  to  the  Herald 
Office  until  the  15th  of  April  next,  whence 
they  will  be  forwarded  ; after  that  date  we 
shall  give  further  notice. 

We  hope  our  aspiring  fellow  citizens 
will  avail  themselves  of  this  fine  opportu- 
nity, and  that  many  will  enter  the  field  of 
competition  : so  that,  whether  successful 
or  not,  they  may  show  that  they  are  not 
indifferent  to  the  kind  proposal  of  our  lib- 
eral friend,  or  insensible  of  the  importance 
of  the  spread  and  diffusion  of  science  and 
literature  in  our  land. 

January  17. 

American  Squadron — Shall  the  .Ameri- 
can Squadron  on  the  Jifrican  Coast  be  with- 
drawn or  not  ? This  is  a question  of  no 
little  interest,  and  is  at  present  engaging  to 
a considerable  extent  the  attention  of  the 
American  public.  It  is  said  that  the 
matter  was  taken  up  by  Congress  during 
its  last  session,  and  that  the  committee  on 
foreign  relations  of  the  Senate  reported  in 
favor  of  its  discontinuance  ; but  we  do 
not  think  that  this  is  the  general  feeling  of 
the  American  public;  on  the  contrary, 
judging  from  the  earnestness  with  whicli 
the  subject  has  been  discussed  in  various 
quarters,  it  would  seem  that  the  great 
importance  and  necessity  of  the  squadron 
on  this  coast  are  strongly  felt  ; and  any 
one  at  all  acquainted  with  the  state  of 
things  here,  cannot  fail  to  see,  that  its 
withdrawal  would  be  followed  by  the  most 
disastrous  consequences.  If  it  be  with- 
drawn, and  the  American  Government 
continue  to  deny  to  other  nations  the 
right  of  searching  vessels  bearing  the 
American  flag,  the  English  and  French 
Squadrons  on  the  coast  would  be  greatly 
crippled  in  their  operations,  and  rendered 
inefficient.  The  American  flag'  would 
certainly  be  resorted  to  as  a protection  in 
the  nefarious  traffic  ; and  in  the  presence 
of  these  squadrons,  the  cruel  trade  would 
be  resuscitated  with  all  its  horrible  con- 
comitants of  wars,  robbery,  bloodshed  and 
death.  This  would  cause  the  utility  of 
their  continuance  to  be  questioned  by 
their  respective  governments,  and  they 
would  perhaps  be  withdrawn  also  ; hand- 
ing over  the  entire  coast  to  the  tender 
mercies  of  practical  slave-traders. 


I Perceiving  the  diminution  of  the  risk 
j attending  the  traffic,  unprincipled  persons 
! who  now  have  not  the  remotest  idea  of 
; engaging  in  it,  may  be  induced  on  account 
j of  the  enormous  profits  arising  therefrom, 

I to  enter  into  it.  Legitimate  commerce 
I will  be  left  unprotected,  and  piratical 
I crafts  may  take  the  places  vacated  by  the 
• men-of-war,  and  be  the  means  of  disturb- 
ing and  injuring  the  Christian  settlements 
j along  the  coast,  by  whose  salutary  and 
j growing  influence,  the  slave  trade  must 
> and  will  be  effectually  suppressed.  Libe- 
! ria  has  done  something  towards  the  des- 
[ truction  of  the  commerce  in  human  flesh, 

I “upon  that  curse  of  curses  a deadly  blight 
I has  fallen,  as  far  as  her  influence  extends,” 
j but  she  has  been  receiving  “aid  and 
I comfoi’t”  either  directly  or  indirectly  from 
I the  squadrons.  She  is  yet  feeble,  the 
: number  of  her  citizens  is  small,  her  re- 
i sources  are  limited,  and  should  she  at  this 
time  be  deprived  of  the  powerful  protection 
I and  encouragement  o^  armed  vessels,  she 
j would  certainly  suffer  great  annoyance  and 
j detriment,  from  the  thousands  of  aborigines 
, in  her  vicinity,  and  their  foreign  abettors, 

I anxious  to  revive  the  sanguinary  traffic. 

I It  is  indeed  difficult  to  tell  whence  the 
idea  of  the  withdrawal  of  the  American 
Squadron  from  this  coast  has  arisen. 

The  Commodores,  and  most  of  the 
: officers  of  the  Squadron,  as  well  as  intelli- 
j gent  visiters  who  have  been  on  this  coast, 

; have  invariably  insisted  on  the  importance 
I of  its  continuance,  urging  the  American 
; authorities  to  increase  its  efficiency  by  the 
j addition  of  steam  vessels.  Commodore 
Lavalette,  in  a letter  dated  July  17th, 
1852,  addressed  to  a gentleman  in  Phila- 
delphia, says  : 

“I  trust  the  squadron  may  not  be  with- 
drawn, but  that  it  will  be  kept  up,  and 
instead  of  half  a dozen  sailing  vessels 
being  employed  in  this  service,  there  may 
be  sent  to  the  station  three  or  four  steam 
vessels,  that  will  more  effectually  protect  our 
commercial  interests  in  this  quarter,  as  well 
! as  more  certainly  suppress  the  slave  trade.  ’ ’ 

' Commodore  Mayo,  now  in  command  of 
the  squadron,  wrote  in  December  1853. 

“The  withdrawal  of  the  American 
Squadron,  would  be  attended  with  most 
injurious  results.  Our  trade  on  this  coast 
would  certainly  be  destroyed,  our  flag 
would  be  prostituted  to  the  purposes  of 
the  slave  trade,  and  the  Liberian  colonies 
would  lose  the  valuable  influence  which 
the  presence  of  our  ships  of  war  exercises 
upon  the  minds  of  the  natives.” 

Commander  Lynch,  who  about  two 
years  ago  paid  an  official  visit  to  this 
coast,  on  his  return  to  the  United  States, 
said  in  his  report  • 


252 


hems  from  the  Liberia  Herald. 


[August, 


“Apart  from  the  supression  of  the 
slave  trade,  our  commerce  with  the  west 
coast  of  Africa  needs  the  protection  of  an 
efficient  force — efficient  more  in  its  power 
of  locomotion  than  in  the  number  of  its 
guns.” 

It  is  to  be  sincerely  hoped  that  the 
squadron  will  not  be  withdrawn  ; the 
motives  and  arguments  in  favor  of  its 
continuance  are  numerous  and  weighty  ; 
and  no  advantage  real  or  imaginary,  that 
may  arise  from  its  discontinuance,  will 
ever  be  efficient  to  atone  for  the  evil  there- 
by done  and  the  amount  of  good  prevented. 

B. 

Mr.  Editor : — Will  you  allow  your 
humble  servant  a place  in  your  colum.ns  to 
make  a few  remarks  on  politics 

1 deem  it  not  improper  in  addressing 
young  men,  to  make  a few  observations 
respecting  politics.  It  is  well  for  the  stability 
of  our  Republican  Institutions,  that  the 
people  are  divided  into  parties.  This  leads 
to  a strict  scrutiny  of  our  public  function- 
aries ; to  the  exposition  of  their  faults  and 
a commendation  of  thei.*- wisdom  and  virtue, 
and  all  this  has  a tendency  to  keep  them 
faithful  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties. 

There  are  two  prominent  evils  in  regard 
to  politics,  against  which  young  men 
should  be  upon  their  guard.  The  first  is 
tiie  changing  from  party  to  party  for  the 
purpose  of  obtaining  popular  applause,  or 
office  of  endowment  ; such  conduct  be- 
trays an  entire  destitution  of  moral  prin- 
ciple and  rectitude.  If  you  adopt  these 
motives  as  the  basis  of  your  political  bias 
and  proceedings,  it  is  quite  certain,  al- 
though you  may  be  successful  for  a sea- 
son, that  your  object  will  eventually  be 
discovered,  your  character  and  influence 
wall  be  lost,  and  all  parties  will  despise 
and  neglect  you.  A shuffling  time-serving 
demagogue,;or  political  weather-cock,  veer- 
ing in  the  direction  of  every  wind  that 
blows,  without  regard  to  principle,  is  a 
most  despicable  character  ; unworthy  the 
privilege  of  a freeman. 

The  other  evil  to  which  I allude  is  upon  ^ 
the  contrary  extreme,  a blind  and  servile 
adherence  to  party  ; an  infatuation  by 
which  every  measure,  however  dangerous, 
is  supported  that  is  dictated  by  the  leaders  ; 
the  wire  pullers  of  the  party,  and  every 
principle  however  valuable  and  salutary,  | 
opposed  and  condemned  whenever  they  I 
give  the  signal  ; an  infatuation  under  the  i 
degrading  influence  of  which,  men  aban- 
don their  birthright,  of  freedom  of  opin-  - 
ions,  are  willing  to  see  with  the  eyes,  and  J 
hear  with  the  ears,  and  understand  with  \ 
the  judgment,  of  those  whom  they  permit  j 
to  lead  tiiem  ; this  servility  to  party  tactics,  : 


party  measures,  and  party  men,  is  an  evil 
greatly  to  be  deprecated,  it  is  rife  with 
danger  ; dangers  that  reach  the  very  vitals 
of  our  fi-ee  Institutions;  should  the 'day 
ever  arise  when  this  degrading  party  servi- 
tude becomes  general  when  it  winds  its 
enslaving  chains  around  the  great  mass  of 
the  people,  the  sun  of  this  Republic  will 
wane  to  the  horizon,  and  early  set  in 
clouds  and  darkness. 

Mr.  Editor,  the  strife  and  clamor,  and 
bitter  acrimony  that  convince  society  of 
the  approach  of  important  elections,  are 
caused  mainly  by  the  struggle  between  the 
“ins”  and  the  “outs,”  between  those  who 
are  in  office  and  wish  to  keep  in,  an  1 those 
who  are  out  and  desire  to  get  in  ; were  it 
not  for  the  contention  of  these  two  classes, 
the  clangor  of  political  battle  would  be 
hushed  ; and  the  people  would  calmly  and 
peaceably  adopt  the  proper  measure  to  con- 
tinue our  institutions  in  their  purity,  and 
keep  the  wheels  of  government  in  well 
balanced  motions  ; young  men  should  be 
aware  of  these  things,  that  they  may 
i “see  through”  the  sophistical  and  bom- 
i bastic  declaiationsof  political  Demagogues, 
i “Measures  and  not  men”  was  the  motto 
; of  the  founders  of  this  Republic  ; and  it 
; still  remains  the  popular  cry  of  all  parties. 

; But  it  requires  only  a single  glance  at  the 
, proceedings  of  politicians  at  this  present 
1 day  to  discover  that  with  too  many  of 
, them,  this  maxim  has  become  reversed 
and  their  great  object  is  men,  not  measures. 

I Young  men,  avoid  all  party  measures, 

I that  are  not  plainly  and  strictly  for  the 
I benefit  of  the  whole  body  of  the  people  ; 

, understand  me,  I do  not  object  to  political 
! parties  in  a Republic  like  this  ; there  must 
I be  parties  while  men  continue  to  differ 
I honestly  in  opinion.  But  1 object  to  that 
; degrading  attachment  to  party,  by  which 
! the  judgment  is  so  blinded  as  to  consider 
I the  interest  of  the  party  paramount  to  all 
I oilier  interests,  that  dai  gerous  infatuation, 
i which  says  “ the  party  must  be  sustained, 
at  all  hazards  !”  Let  it  be  your  highest 
ambition  to  be  a Republican,  in  the  broad 
' and  true  acceptation  of  that  word,  a lover 
of  enlightened  and  well  regulated  liberty  ; 
of  equal  rights  and  privileges,  a supporter 
of  the  rise  or  fall  of  parties,  or  none. 
When  measures  are  brought  to  your  con- 
sideration ask  not  by  what  party  are  they 
I elevated  or  overthrown  ; but  only  ask,  are 
I the  proposed  measures  called  for  by  ex- 
i isting  exigencies — are  they  consistent  with 
! the  genius  of  our  free  institutions — are 
' they  compatible  with  republican  principles 
j — are  they  calculated  to  enhance  tlie  pub- 
i lie  welfare } If,  after  strict  and  candid  ex- 
j aminations,  you  can  answer  these  inqui- 
: ries  in  the  affirmative,  support  the  mea- 


1855.] 


Interesiing  donation  from  Jifnr. 


253 


pures  ; but  if  not,  reject  them  entirely. 
And  when  an  individual  is  held  up  for 
public  station,  let  not  the  question  be  by 
whom  was  he  nominated — or  to  what 
party  does  he  belong,  but  ask,  what  are 
iiis  piinciples,  his  abilities.?  ^pply 
of  the  patriot  Jefferson,  is  he  capable,  is 
he  honest,  is  he  faithful .?  Never  give  him 
your  support  until  you  are  perfectly  satis- 
fied upon  these  points.  Let  the  young 
men  of  this  Republic  free  themselves  from 
all  debasing  manacles,  from  every  im- 
proper bias,  and  pursue  an  upright,  man- 
ly, independent  course  in  regard  to  poli- 
tics, and  the  evils  that  are  now  sapping 
the  foundation  of  our  Republic  will  be- 
come annihilated. 

It  devolves  upon  the  young  men  of  this 
Republic  who  are  now  coming  upon  the 
sta^e  of  action,  to  diffuse  abroad  a love 
for  political  independence  and  purity. 

I am  yours,  W.  M.  C. 
Monrovia,  Januarxj  12tli,  1855. 

Politics — We  invite  the  attention  of 
our  readers  to  the  communication  of  W. 
M.  C.  on  our  second  and  third  pages. 
There  is  hardly  any  subject  of  more  im- 
portance to  the  people  of  Liberia,  and  on 
which  they^need  more  instruction  than 
that  on  which  our  correspondent  has  writ- 
ten. When  the  reflecting  and  patriotic 
mind  contemplates  the  present  condition  of 


affairs,  it  sees  just  cause  for  apprehension. 
The  desire  for  office  and  the  spirit  of  elec- 
tioneering seem  to  be  advancing  with 
rapid  and  fearful  progress.  And  many 
seem  to  think  that  the  majority  of  our 
people  exercising  the  right  of  suffrage,  are 
not  the  most  enlightened  in  the  world,  not 
most  wealthy,  not  the  most  morally  culti- 
vated, and  that  it  is,  therefore,  no  diffi- 
cult matter  for  any  cunning  and  design- 
ing aspirant,  to  obtain  their  votes  ; and  in 
order  to  do  this  they  suppose  that  he  need 
only  like  Craessus  the  ambitious  Roman, 
lavish  thousands  of  dollars  upon  them  ; 
he  need  only  spread  sumptuous  tables  and 
invite  them  to  partake  freely  of  his  boun- 
ties. Let  him  make  them  promises  to  do 
great  things  for  them  should  he  obtain  an 
influential  position  in  the  government,  let 
him  apply  the  “So/’t  Soap”  of  adulation  and 
they  are  certain  he  will  meet  with  entire 
success.  We  should  take  care,  fellow  citi- 
zens ; we  should  see  to  it  that  men  of  prin- 
ciple and  integrity  are  placed  in  positions  of 
trust  and  responsibility  in  the  Republic, 
“men  capable,  honest,  faithful.”  If  at  this 
crisis  we  make  a mistake  in  our  advance- 
ment on  the  road  to  national  lability  and 
respectability,  it  may  require  a long  time 
before  we  recover.  Let  us  then  with  a uni- 
ty of  feeling,  and  as  far  as  possible  a con- 
centration of  effort,  endeavor  to  perpetuate 
our  glorious  institutions.  Feb.  21. 


Interesting-  Donation  from  Afar. 


In  our  receipts  will  ‘be  found  the  ac- 
knowledgment of  a donation  from  some 
English  ladies  on  the  Himalayah  moun- 
tains in  North  India,  amounting  to  §56  40, 
which  was  forwarded  by  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Owen  of  Allahabad  in  Hindostan,  from 
whose  letter  we  make  the  following  ex- 
tracts : 

Allahabad,  ^pril  20,  1855. 

To  the  Secretary  of  the  Jim.  Cvl.  Soc. 

My  Dear  Sir  : — Some  months  back,  a ; 
pious  lady,  wife  of  a Judge  here  in  the  ; 
East  India  Company’s  civil  service,  was  ! 
conversing  with  me  about  the  slaves  in  ! 
America.  She  very  sensibly  remarked  j 
that  talking  alone  would  not  help  them — 
that  something  should  be  done,  and  that  | 
she  and  her  sister,  the  wife  of  an  officer  ! 
in  the  Company’s  army,  were  in  corres- 1 
pondence  with  each  other  on  this  very  i 
point.  I took  occasion  to  speak  to  her  of  | 
the  venerable  Colonization  Society,  whose  j 
labors  on  behalf  of  the  African  have  been 
so  abundant  and  so  successful.  She  ap-  , 
peared  very  much  pleased  ; and  wondered  ' 
that  she  had  never  heard  of  tins  excellent 


Society  before.  Shortly  after,  she  left  the 
station  where  she  was  then  residing,  and 
went  to  live  at  a station  on  the  Himalayah 
mountains.  You  may  judge  of  my  agree- 
able surprise  on  receiving  a letter  from  her 
the  other  day,  inclosing  an  order  for  120 
rupees,  contributed  by  herself  and  sister 
and  a few  other  ladies  at  the  station  of 
Mussorie  on  the  Himalayah  mountains, 
who  appear  to  have  formed  themselves  into 
a society  for  this  purpose.  I am  sure  it 
will  gratify  you  and  all  the  friends  of  the 
American  Colonization  Society  to  hiow 
that  your  labors  are  appreciated  in  this 
distant  land. 

The  contribution  thus  forwarded  is  from 
Mrs.  Christopher  W.  Fagan  and  other 
ladies  in  North  India.  I have  seldom 
had  greater  pleasure  in  the  performance  of 
any  duty  than  of  the  one  which  the.se 
ious,  excellent  ladies  have  given  me  the 
onor  of  discharging.  1 heartily  wish  this 
example  might  be  followed  by  many 
others  of  our  English  friends. 

Wishing  you,  my  dear  sir,  and  all  the 
friends  of  the  African  every  encourage- 
ment, and  abundant  success  in  your  laoor 
of  love,  I remain,  your.s  very  truly, 

JosEi'H  Given. 


254 


Receipts. 


[August, 


Receipts  of  the  American  Colonization  Socie'tys 

From  the  of  June  to  the  20th  of  July,  1855. 


MAINE. 

By  Capt.  George  Barker  ; — 

Yarmouth — Cash,  Cash,  each  50 

cents 1 00 

Searsport — Capt.  Jeremiah  Meri- 
thue,  to  constitute  himself  a 
life  member  of  the  Am.  Col. 

Soc 30  00 

KennebunJc — W.  B.  Sewall 3 00  i 

Portland — Rev,  W.  T.  Dwight,  i 

an.  donation,  ^5  ; Rev.  Ezekiel 
Robertson  & Rev.  A.  Cum- 
mings, each  $1 7 00 

Fryburg — Rev.  Carlton  Hurd....  1 00 

42  00 

VERMONT. 

Montpelier — Vermont  Col.  Soc..  40  00 

West  Milton — E.  Herrick 1 67 


41  67 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Falmouth — Miss  A.  Lewis 5 00 

Mwburyport — Part  of  legacy  left 
the  Am.  Col.  Soc.  by  the  late 
Wm.  B.  Banister,  deceased...  80  00 


85  00 

CONNECTICUT. 

By  Rev.  John  Orcutt  : — 

Bridgeport — Mrs.  Thos.  C.  War- 
din,  |30,  to,  constitute  herself 
a life  member  of  the  Am.  Col. 

Soc.  ; Rev.  G.  S.  Coit,  Mrs. 

Silvanus  Stirling,  Eben  Fair- 
child,  each  ^10  ; Mrs.  Wm.  P. 

Burrall,  ^8;  T.  C.  Wardin, 

Mrs.  Allen  Porter,  Mrs.  Sam- 
uel Simons,  Mrs.  Ira  Sherman, 

F.  Wood,  S.  B.  Jones,  Mrs. 

P.  T.  Barnum,  Mrs.  N.  S. 

Wardin,  H.  Lyon,  each  $5  ; 

S.  J.  Patterson,  J.  C.  Loomis, 
each  f3  ; E.  Birdsey,  Misses 
Ward,  H.  Brewster,  Isaac 
Sherman,  Dr.  Judson,  Mrs.  G. 

F.  Hussey,  E.  J.  Staples,  each 
^2  ; S.  B.  Ferguson,  Cash,  R. 

Lewis, P.  E.  Lockwood,  Thos. 

Lord,  D.  H.  Sterling,  S.  B. 
Ferguson,  Jr.,  J.  H.  Wash- 
burn, R.  B.  Lacy,  J.  Gregory, 

N.  D.  Birdsey,  Cash,  Mrs. 

Eliza  Sterling,  S.  M.  Middle- 
brook,  Rev.  W.  Preston,  each 
$I  ; Mrs.  Abby  Lewis,  H.  F. 


Hatch,  each  50  cents 149  00 

East  Bridgeport — Collection  in  M. 

E.  Church 4 00 


Stratford — Mrs.  Mary  Bronson , 


$10,  in  full  to  constitute  her- 
self a life  member  of  the  Am. 

Col.  Soc.  ; L.  H Russell,  $5  ; 

Mrs.  S.  B.  Linsley,  Mrs.  J.  R. 

Sands,  each  $2  ; A.  T.  Curtis, 

50  cents 19  50 

Stonington — N.  B.  Palmer,  $10  ; 

A.  S.  Palmer,  C.  P.  Williams, 
each  $5  ; Mrs.  Gen’l  Williams, 

Mrs.  Dr.  Hyde,  Jr.,  J.  F. 
Trumbull,  D.  S.  Hart,  C.  G. 
Williams,  each  $2  ; Mrs.  Jon. 

States,  Oliver  York,  H.  Smith, 

N.  Smith,  C.  T.  Stanton,  each 
$1  ; E.  Chesebrough,  50  cts., 

Mrs.  Dawes,  10  cents 35  60 

Greenwich — Jonathan  A.  Close..  2 12 
Winsled — Dr.  Lyman  Case,  E. 
Beardsley,  each  $5  ; Norman 
Adams,  $3  ; J.  J.  Whiting,  P. 

W,  Smith,  Cash,  L.  Clark,  R. 

Cook,  Charles  Cook,  J.  R. 

Cook,  R.  L.  Beecher,  G.  Hall, 

Mrs.  W.  S.  Holabird,  M. 

Camp,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Phelps,  , 
Samuel  Shepard,  Cash,  W.  S. 

Phillips,  Dr.  Welch,  C.  J. 

Camp,  each  $1  ; Cash,  25  cts..  30  25 


240  47 

NEW  YORK. 

Cazenovia — Collection  in  the  First 

Presbyterian  Church 22  00 

DELAWARE. 

Wilmington — Collection  in  the 
Hanover  street  Church,  July 
1st,  1855,  $60 ; James  Mor- 
row, Rev.  A.  D.  Pollock,  Geo. 

Bush,  each  $1  ; Judge  Hall, 

$10  ; old  balance,  $1 ; by  Geo. 

Jones,  Esq.,  $74  ; Chas.  Bush, 
to  constitute  himself  a life 
member  of  the  American  Col. 

Soc.,  $30 104  00 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 
Georgetown — “A  Friend,”  $25; 

J.  Ramsburg,  $5  ; H.  L.  Of- 

futt,  $2  ; Cash,  $1 33  00 

Washington — By  Rev.  J.  N.  Dan- 
forth  : Ladies  of  Trinity  Ch., 
to  constitute  Rev.  George  D. 
Cummins,  a life  member  of  the 
Am.  Col.  Soc.,  $30  ; Col.  Tull, 

T.  Blagden,  Chas.  Mason,  J. 
Atkinson,  each  $10  ; Com. 

Skinner,  Com.  Morris,  Gen’l 
Jessup,  each  $5  ; members  of 
• McKendree  Church,  $5 90  00 

123  00 


1855.] 


/ 


Receipts. 


255 


VIRGINIA. 

By  Rev.  J.  N.  Danforth  : — 

Alexandria — O.  W.  Fairfax,  $10  ; 

Messrs.  Shinn,  $10  ; F.  Mar- 
bury,  J.  B.  Dangerfield,  each 
$5 30  00 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Marion — Rev.  Thos.  N.  Paxton.  5 00 

Watson’s  Bridge — Rev.  Samuel 
Paisley 10  00  ! 

15  00  j 

GEORGIA.  i 

Eatonton — A.  Cuthbert,  Jr 20  00 

FLORIDA. 

Madison — Mrs.  Ann  B.  Reed....  10  00 
LOUISIANA. 

By  Col.  J.  G.  Richardson  : — 

St.  Mary’s  Parish, — Wm.  Kil- 
gore, $30  ; F.  D.  Richardson, 

John  Moore,  Marshall  Sorrell, 

Benjamin  Hudson,  each  $20  ; 

Thos.  H.  Thompson,  J.  G. 
Richardson,  Eugene  B.  Oliver, 

Charles  Oliver,  W.  T.  Palfrey, 

Mrs.  Porter,  each  $10  , Nich- 
olas Loiselj  Ursin  Provost, 

Friend,  Octave  De  Lahousaye, 

Alexander  De  Clouette,  Appo- 
line  Pattout,  J.  A.  Frere,  W. 

S.  Harding,  J.  A.  Dumastrait, 

R.  A.  Wilkins,  J.  J.  Rice,  R. 

C.  Caffery,  J.  E.  Lacy,  Oc- 
tave Corney,  Mrs.  N.  P.  Bra- 
shear,  Mrs.  A.  Harris,  0. 

Carlin,  E.  Carlin,  J.  B.  Mur- 
phy, Henry  Gibbon,  G.  L. 

Fusilier,  each  $5  ; M.  C.  Ren- 
Irope,  $4  75  ; Adelaide  Carlin, 

M.  S.  Robins,  each  $3  ; J.  H. 

Thomas,  Archille  Bernard,  J. 

Levy  & Co.,  T.  D.  Hine,  C. 

M.  Charpentier,  Isaac  Bow- 
man, J.  N.  Waford,  A.  Como, 

D.  Como,  J.  Bateman,  Mr. 

Bonte,  A.  L.  Fields,  ea.  $2  50  ; 

J.  H.  Duminel,  L.  De  Lahou- 
saye, Cash,  J.  Millott,  J.  B. 

Bernard,  L.  Grevensburg,  H. 

H.  Smith,  E.  Devlin,  Wm. 

Porter,  Thos.  Wilcoxon,  Eu- 
gene Smith,  Amicus,  J.  H. 

Bedell,  A.  J.  J.  Barns,  Mrs. 

Parkerson,  Ursin  Perret,  Mos- 
sy, Cosimer,  M.  C.,  each  $2  ; 

Mr.  Hays,  $1  50  ; T.  J.  Fos- 
ter, N.  E.  Dicks,  W.  H. 

Cook,  J.  M.  Charpentier,  A. 

Dargus,  Eugene  Payrent,  W. 

H.  Baskenville,  A.  Felterman, 

Friend,  each  $1 362  25 


TENNESSEE. 

By  Rev.  John  H.  Brurner  : — 
Hiwassee — Collection  in  the  fol- 
lowing places,  viz  : Athens — 

$10  50  ; Loudon — $5  50  ; Cleve- 


land—$2.  18  00 

Lebanon — T.  C.  Anderson 5 00 

23  00 

OHIO. 

Columbus — Pinney  & Lawson.. . 10  00 

Enon — Mrs.  Mary  Galloway.. . 10  00 


Dallasburg — Union  Colonization 
Society,  collections  by  Thomas 
Dickey  & David  Morgan,  viz  : 
Thos.  Dickey,  $2  50  ; George 
Shields,  David  Morgan,  each 
$1  50  ; F.  G.  Hill,  Joseph 
Smith,  Wm.  Ramsey,  James 

] Hill,  James  Walker,  John 

I Spence,  each  $1  ; Wm.  Hill, 

j Wm.  Swank,  Thos.  D.  Wal- 

[ ker,  Margaret  Coburn,  each 


50  cents,  Mary  J.  Shields,  25 

cents 13  75 

Cincinnati — Cash 25 

Cedarville — Collection  in  Rev.  H. 
McMillan’s  Chui  ch,  2d  July, 

1855 :.  15  00 

College  Corner — John  Buck,  $5  ; 

Rev.  Peter  Monfort,  $5 10  00 

Lebanon — John  F.  Gould 60  00 

119  00 

INDIANA. 

Jeffersonville — Thos.  Stevenson. . 5 00 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Louisville — Mrs.  D.  G.  Godden.  40  00 
Centreville — Collection  at  a cele- 
I bration,  on  the  4th  July,  at 
I Midway  Ch.,  by  Rev.  Wm. 
j Winans,  D.  D 50  00 


; 90  00 

MICHIGAN. 

! Battle  Creek — Collection  by  Rev. 

John  A.  Schultz 4 00 

MISSOURI. 

Jefferson  City — Martin  D. Noland.  10  00 
CALIFORNIA. 

San  Francisco — Edward  P.  Flint 
& George  H.  Kellogg,  each 
$5;  Rev.  E.  W.  Syle,$10....  20  00 

INDIA. 

Allahabad^  Hindostan — Donation 
from  Mrs.  Christopher  W.  Fa- 
gan and  other  ladies,  at  the 
Mussorie  Station  on  the  Hima- 
layah  Mountains,  North  India, 
by  Rev.  Joseph  Owen 56  40 


Total  Contributions $1,342  79 


Receipts. 


[August,  1855.] 


•2n6 


FOR  REPOSITORY. 
Maike. — Caltds-X.  McCullough, 
^2,  to  July,  1855.  Js'orth 
Wclerford — Amos  Gage,  $3,  to 
September,  1857.  By  CapL 
George  Barker  : — Yarmouik — 
Otis  Brown,  Capt.  J.  C.  Hill, 
each  §1,  to' June,  1856  ; Capt. 
Levi  Blanchard,  S2,  to  June, 
1857  ; Capt.  Thaxter  Prince, 
$1,  to  June,  ’56.  Gorham — 
Hon.  Toppan  Robie,  §1,  for 
1855.  South  Windham — X. 
Burnett,  ^1,  for  1855.  Free- 
port— Dr.  John  A.  Hyde,  §,2, 
for  1855- ’56  ; Ambrose  Curtis, 
$6,  to  January,  1857.  Sears- 
port — Capt.  J.Merithue,  Capt. 
David  Xichols,  each  ^3,  to 
January,  1856.  iS'orth  Yar- 
mouth— Hon.  W.  Buxton,  81, 
to  January,  ’56.  Bangor — E. 

Coe,  §2,  to  August,  leo5 

New  Hampshire. — J^Iount  Ver- 
non— Timothy  Kittredgp,  ^2, 
to  January, ’56.  Suncook — ti. 
A.  Osgood,  to  July,  1855. . 

Vermont. West  J\lill07i — -E. 

Herrick,  Si  >33,  to  Jan  1856.. 

AIassachusetts Oxford E. 

E.  Harwood,  s2,  to  July,  1856. 
CoxxECTicur. — Derhy — Dr.  J.  J. 
Howe,  $5,  to  October,  1855. 
Winsted — Dea.  T.  Watson,  SL 
to  July,  1856.  Stoningtoji — 
O.  B.  Grant,  Si,  to  July,  1856. 

Xew  York. Oicego J.  L, 

Pinney,  SL  to  June,  18.55. 
Albany — John  N.  L.  Pruyn, 

$10,  to  January,  1855 

Pen'nstlvakia. J\'etcba7'gh — J. 

M.  Means,  $2,  to  Jan.  1856. 
Ckntkam-OlWer  Alison,  slO  50, 
to  July,  1855.  J^Iarrietta-Ylrs. 
8.  A.  SlcCahon,  $1,  to  Jan. ’56. 

Delaware. Wilmington — -A. 

Stephens,  $5,  to  August,  1855. 
V iRGiNiA. — PuUonsburgh — J.  An- 
thony, SlO,  to  January,  1855. 
Fredericksbur gh — J.  L.  Alarye, 
$8,  to  January,  1856.  JUartins- 
hurgh — D.  H.  Conrad,  SlO,  to 
January,  1855.  Abingdon — T. 
S.  Harris,  $3,  to  January,  ’56. 
Tye  River  Warehouse — Mayo 
Cabell,  S5,  to  July,  ’56.  Berry- 
ville—Mi's.  S.  E.  T.  Stribling, 
$5,  to  January,  1857.  Hatnp- 
sftad — Mrs.  J.  B.  Alexander, 
$1,  to  April,  1855.  Waterloo — 
S R.  Marshali,  SlOjto  Jan. ’55. 
North  Carolina. — Salem — Dr. 
A.  F.  Zeverlv,  $3,  in  full. 


j Gold  Hill — Dr.  Hugh'  Kelley, 

$4,  to  August.  1855 7 OO 

Georgia. — J\Iacon — J.  J.  Gres- 
ham, $3,  to  January,  1856. 

Savajinah — Samuel  Bolds,  ^1, 

to  July,  1856 4 DO 

Alabama. — Blakeky — 0.  Sibley, 

55,  to  January,  1856 5 UU 

j Kentucky. — Hai'rcdsburg — Mrs. 

Maria  Davis,  $1,  for  1852,  by 
Rev.  A M.  Cowan  ; James 
j;  Taylor,  $2,  to  August,  1855. 

E.klon — .1.  A.  McReynolds, 

S4,  to^  January,  1856.  Lex- 
|i  i?tglon— John  Ward,  SlO,  to 
|i  January,  ’55.  Louisville — W. 

I Richardson,  S3,  to  March, ’55  20  00 

I Tennessee. — Straicberry  Plains — 

I Daniel  Meek,  $3,  to  June,  ’56. 
Durhnmville — Maj.  R.  F.  Mac- 
lin,  $5)  to  September,  1855. 

Lebanon — T.  C.  Anderson,  $5, 

30  00 'i  to  January,  1855 15  00 

Ohio. — Cincinnati — J.  W.  Shep- 
pard, $3,  to  January,  1858. 

Finley — F.  Henderson,  §2,  to 

4 00  1 January,  1856.  Kenton — R. 

Aloodie,  $2,  to  January,  1856. 

1 33  Columbus — Pinney  & Lawson, 

56,  to  January,  1356.  Union- 

2 00  tovm Rev.  Wm.  Taggart, 

$10,  to  Jan.  1855.  Xenia — 

Daniel  Holmes,  $1,  to  July, 

1856.  Chillicothe — Wm.  B. 

Franklin,  $10,  to  Jan.  1859. 

7 00  Dallasburgh — Geo.  Shields,  $2, 

! toAlay,le55.  X'orth  Kenton — 

Jacob  Best,  $1,  to  July,  1856. 
J^liddltbury — John  S.  Gilcrest, 

11  00  $3,  to  January,  1856.  Woos- 

ter— Levi  Cox,  $5,  to  January, 

1856.  Bolivar — D.  Y'ant,  $5, 

to  January,  1856... 50  00 

Indiana. Greensburgh Wm. 

13  50  Speer,  $3,  to  May,  1856 

Illinois. — Princeton — Rev.  A. 

5 00  B.  Church,  $3,  to  June,  1856.. 

AIississippi. Columbus Mrs. 

Elizabeth  B.  Randolph,  $2,  to 
January,  ’55.  Woodvillt — E. 

H.  Wailes,  $5,  to  Alarch,  ’56. 
XTatchez—S.  R,.  Marshall,  $9, 

to  January,  ’56 16  00 

Missouri. — Cravensville — Lewis 


3 00 
3 00 


% 


52  00 


H.  Witten,  $1,  to  July,  1856.. 

1 00  i: 

Michigan. — BeUtle  Creek — Alon- 

^  A 

zo  Hill,  $1  to  July,  1856 

1 00  - 

Total  Repository 

250  33  ‘ V 

Total  Contributions 

1,342  79  M:  ‘ 

Total  Legacies 

80  00  ' 

Aggregate  Amount $1,673  12 


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