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THE
AFKICAN KEPOSITORY.
Vol. XL.] WASHINGTON, JUNE, 1864. [No. 6.
CAPTAIN SPEKE’S NARRATIVE.^
The volume which Captain Speke has presented to the world,
possesses more than a geographical interest. It is a monument of
perseverance, courage, and temper displayed under difficulties
which have perhaps never been equalled. Captain Speke set out
from the coast opposite to Zanzibar on the 2d of October, 1860,
with a train of no less than eighty-six followers, but of these only
twelve remained with him till the conclusion of his task. Forty-
two deserted their master, sometimes by fours and fives, and, as
was to be expected, exactly at the time when their services were
most required. Ten Hottentots, selected from the Cape Mounted
Rifles, were loyal to the cause, but their constitutions proved utter-
ly unable to contend with the hardships of the march ; they
speedily sickened, and after tjhe death of one, the rest were sent
back. The next, in point of moral qualities, were the Wanguana,
or freed negroes of the eastern coast of Africa, a stalwart race who
hire themselves out as porters on expeditions into the interior. Not
much more than half of these deserted, whereas, out of thirty-six
negro gardeners who had been secured at Zanzibar by the exer-
tions of Sultan Majid, only nine failed to do so, and of this minor-
ity one died and another had to be left behind sick. Ten ran away
on the very first day, believing that the Englishmen were canni-
bals, who were only taking them into the interior to eat them. Of
the other negroes engaged in the interior to supply deficiencies,
* Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile. By John Hanning Speke,
Captain, Her Majesty’s Indian Army.
162
CAPTAIN SPEKE’S NARRATIVE.
[Junej
three-fourths also deserted. Under these circumstances, it is no
wonder that, although the space traversed by Captain Speke before
arriving at Gondokoro, on the Nile, perhaps does not exceed 1,500
oi 1,600 miles, two years and nearly five months were spent in
traversing it.
The first point of importance in the route was Zungamero (lat,
7 deg. 26 min. 53 sec. S., long. 37 deg. 36 min. 45 sec. E.) It is
here that begins the ascent of the eastern coast range of moun-
tains which form the buttresses of the table land of Central Africa.
The continent is well compared by our traveller to a dish turned
upside down, the country between Zungamero and the coast being
represented by the flat rim.
On the 23d of November the travellers, after surmounting the
hilly framework of the mountain range (Usagara), descended into
the table-land of Ugogo, an elevated plateau of something more
than 3,000 feet above the level of the sea. The country through
which they had passed is one which is continually harried by
slave-hunters. The poor inhabitants, a timid, spiritless race, live
in villages built on hill-spurs, for the facility of resisting a weak
party of their persecutors, or dispersing before a more formidable
one. Far from attempting to exact transit dues from the passing
caravan, they fly on the intimation of its approach, and no pt^-
suasions will induce them to quit their refuge.
The inhabitants of Ugogo differ altogether from the persecuted
hill-tribes which fringe their territory. They go always armed,
build villages of mud huts wherever a spring of water is to be
found, keep large numbers of cattle, and grow grain not only for
the supply of their own wants, but to sell to the caravans which
pass through their country.
It was not till the 24th of January, 1861, that the expedition
arrived in Unyamiezi, the country of the Moon, which was the
proper scene of its operations. By that time more than the origi-
nal number of the force had deserted, more than half the property
had been stolen, the travelling expenses had been unprecedented,
owing to the prevalence of a famine along the whole line of march,
and yet only the first stage and the least difficult of the journey
had been completed. Kaze, a well-situated town about five miles
within the frontier of Unyamiezi, is the great central depot for the
trade in slaves and ivory, and to this point Captain Speke had
taken the precaution to send on a large stock of articles of mer-
chandise, just as a European traveller carries a letter of credit on
a distant bank. Kaze, (which is situated in lat. 5 deg. 0 min. 52
sec. S., long. 33 deg. 1 min. 34 sec. E., at an elevation of 3,564
feet above the sea) is regarded as the capital of Unyamiezi, a large
country of an area equal '(Captain Speke thinks) to England. Its
inhabitants (Wanyamiezi) are an industrious race, who cultivate
extensively, make cloths of their own cotton in their own looms,
melt iron and work it up, and breed flocks and herds. They are
1864.]
CAPTAIN SPEKE’S NARRATIVE.
163
excessive smokers and given to drink, but the greatest traders in
Africa think no more of leaving their own country and visiting the
coast for commercial purposes than our countryfolk of going to a
fair. It so happened that Speke was detained nearly six months
in Unyamiezi before he obtained the means of advancing to the
next district, Uzinga. The exactions to which he was subjected
now were such as to throw all previous attempts at extortion into
the shade. In the case of one chief, Makaka, who had enticed
him to his palace through collusion (as seemed t(?o probable) with
his guide, English patience almost gave way before a series of
vexatious annoyances.
But the rapacity of Makaka was eclipsed by that of another
chief, Lumeresi, in whose “boma” (fortified palace) Speke was
detained for ten weeks, being during a part of the time delirious
with fever, and at last owed his deliverance to the arrival of a
formal summons from Suv/arora, Lumeresi’s liege lord, who sent
his mace — a long rod of iron bound up in stick charms, and called
Kaquenzingiriri (commander of all things)— with a message that
the white men were his guests and must not be detained. Suwa-
rora himself, howeverj was as greedy as his vassal; and plunder-
ing went on by himself and his officers by day and the unofficial
commonalty by night, until, on the 17th of November, 1861, a year
and seven weeks after the commencement of the expedition — the
weary travellers entered the belt of neutral territory which sepa-
rated the land of the thieves and extortioners from the dominions
of the good King Rumanika — a model of courtesy and mildness,
whom even civilized Europeans might imitate with advantage.
Karague, the kingdom over which this chief presided, is, with
the exception of Uzinza, the southernmost portion of the ancient
kingdom of Kittara, which extended about three degrees on each
side of the equator, and met the great lake Victoria Nyanza, now
regarded as the source of the river Nile, on its northern and west-
ern banks. It was governed, according to Captain Speke, by a
race who originally emigrated as a pastoral people from Abyssinia ;
and both the kings and the aristocracy of the country still preserve
the characteristic features which distinguish the Gallas from the
native African population — comparatively straight hair and a
bridged, instead of bridgeless, nose. In their acquired possessions
they take the name of Wahuma. But although they retain traces
of their original physiognomy, and the symbols of their original
charactor of pastoral warriors (for it is a piece of court etiquette in
Uganda, the most important of the kingdoms into which Kittara
has split, for the king always to appear armed with shield and
spear and followed by a dog) they have lost their religion, forgotten
their language, and adopted the practice of their subjects in mu-
tilating their faces by the extraction of the lower incisor teeth.
The North-eastern portion of the country is now called Unyoro,
the North-western Uganda. Karague, which joins on to these,
164
CAPTAIN SPEKE’S NARRATIVE.
[Jane,
may be roughly described as comprising the affluents of a consid-
erable river (the Kitaiigula) which enters the Victoria Nyanza on
its western shore in the first degree of south latitude. It is a land
of lakes and streams, and from its high level enjoys, although
nearly under the line, an agreeable temperature. We give the de-
scription of the first sight of the royal residence, as it appeared to
tfie cavalcade while crossing the hills of blue clayey sand-stone,
breasted with dykes of pure white quartz, which is the type of the
country : —
4, “After breakfast next morning we crossed the hill-spur called
AVeranhanje, the grassy tops of which were 5,500 feet above the
sea. Descending a little, we suddenly came in view of what ap-
peared to us a rich clump of trees in S. lat. 1 deg. 42 min. 42 sec.
and E. long. 31 deg. 1 min. 49 sec.; and 500 feet below it we
saw a beautiful sheet of water lying snugly within the folds of the
hills. The clump was the palace enclosure. As to the lake, for
want of a native name, I christened it the Little Windermere, be-
cause Grant thought it so like our own English lake of that name.
It was one of many others, which, like that of Urigi, drains the
moisture of the overhanging hills, and gets drained into the A’ic-
toria Nyanza through the Kitangule river.
To do honor to his Royal host. Captain Grant ordered his men
to put down their loads and fire a volley ; after which, on ap-
proaching the palace, he received an invitation to come in at once.
Ever since their entrance into Karague the travellers had been
treated with the most generous hospitality, although famine had
prevailed here also. The further they proceeded in the countr}',
the more they were pleased with it. The people were kept in
good order, the village chiefs brought presents of sheep, fowls, and
sweet potatoes, and never begged for anything more than they
received in return, and finally, on the night before their arrival,
there appeared a huge j)ot of poinhe (plaintain-beer) and some
royal tobacco, which the king had sent on exclusively for the con-
sumption of his white visitors. The latter was “as sweet and
strong as honey-dew, and the beer so strong it required a strong
man to drink it.” After such treatment we cannot wonder that
the travellers, upon their admission to the royal presence, thought
Rumanika and his brother Nuanaji, whom they found sitting cross-
legged on the ground, “ men of noble appearance and size. They
had fine oval faces, large eyes, and high noses, denoting the best
blood of Abyssinia.” Hands were shaken in the English style,
which is, it seems, the peculiar custom of the men of this country,
and the conversation began in good Kisuahili, the language of the
Zanzibar coast. After discussing a variety of subjects, among
which the principles of taxation and the physical structure of the
globe appear to have each found a place, “so quick and inquiring
was the king's mind,” the travellers were offered the option of
lodgings within the palace or a camping-ground outside. They
1864.]
CAPTAI}^ SPEKE’S NARRATIVE.
165
chose the latter, in order the better to enjoy the lovely view. The
hospitable monarch, too, did not confine his civilities to the chiefs
of the expedition. For a whole month and more, goats and fowls
were brought regularly by his othcers into camp, and their im-
proved diet put the Wenguana into good humor. They, however,
shivered under the temperature of the high table land (of which
the extreme was from 80 deg. to 84 deg., and the mean 60 deg.)
In both kingdoms there is no notion of any Supreme Being or
belief in the immortality of the soul, but numbers of spirits (which
may be described as a sort of nymphs, dryads, and water pixies,
divested of the poetical dress they wear in European mythologies)
haunt the country, and are propitiated by various charms. The
spirits of ancestors are also revered and conciliated by annual sac-
rifices. But the power for good or evil of all these perternatural
agents does not range beyond that of an old-fasliioned English
witch. Their most potent instrument of mischief is mildew and
similar plagues of the husbandman. Long life is considered as the
great blessing, and the mythical accounts of the royal family make
it one of their characteristics. Certainly their habits (so far as
the male sex is concerned) are apparently most conducive to
health and the development of a stalwart frame. Captain Speke
went out for a day’s sporting with the king’s sons. “Tripping
down the greensward of the hills together, these tall athletic princes
every now and then stopped to see who could shoot furthest.
With powerful six-foot bows they drew their arrows to the head
and made wonderful shots in the distance. They then placed me
in position, and arranging the field, drove the coverts like men
well accustomed to sport.”
Rumanika entered warmly into the objects of the expedition, but
shrunk from the idea of sending his guests on to the north, which
he regarded as a course pregnant with danger. Friendly as he
was, this hesitation caused considerable anxiety to the travellers;
for one word of opposition from him would have effectually
stopped their further progress. Fortunately, just at the beginning
of the year 1862, an officer of the king’s, who had been sent four
years before on a mission to Kamrasi, the chief of Unyoro, re-
turned with a message from that potentate to Rumanika that he
too had foreign visitors — who had arrived, not indeed in Unyoro,
but in his dependency, the country of Gani, coming up the Nile in
vessels. This was the route by which Petherick was expected,
and Captain Speke entertained no doubt that the white men in
question were his party. A few days afterwards another messen-
ger arrived from the King of Uganda, bringing a present of ivory
and slaves, and a message to invite the white men to him. All
these favorable circumstances combined induced Rumanika to yield
to the arguments of Captain Speke, and on the 10th of January
he quitted his hospitable entertainer, without, however, his com-
CAPTAIN SPEKE’S NARRATIVE.
166
[June,
panion Grant, who was necessarily left behind with a disorder in
his leg, which prevented him from walking.
Mtesa, the King of Uganda, into whose dominions he now en-
tered, is described as a sort of negro Domitian, a grown-up baby,
living in a perpetual excitement, generally intoxicated, and without
a particle of consideration for human life. Guns and medicine are
the great levers in the hands of an European at a barbarous court,
and Speke made good use of both of them. He taught the King
to shoot, and he doctored the Queen Mother, and played them off
anainst each other for the accomplishment of his main desire — to
be enabled to verify, by actual observation, his theory of the exit
of the Nile from the great lake, the southern portions of which he
discovered in 1858, and on the northern waters of which he now
actually embarked for a party of pleasure with the king and his
harem. This result, however, was not attained till nearly half a
year had been spent at the court of Mtesa, and probably would
never have been brought about except for the report of white men
having come up the Nile to meet him, and the hope of obtaining
from them more of the European products for which the barbarian’s
cupidity had been excited.
Captain Grant, who had been left five months before at the
court of Rumanika, arrived towards the end of May; and now,
he being able to “limp about a bit,” there was every inducement
for the travellers to continue their journey. While passing through
that part of Uganda which lies on the northern shore of Lake Ny-
anza, Speke had occasion to ford several “rush-drains,” some of
great magnitude, which he was informed issued from the lake, but
none of these were the Nile, and the very sight of them increased
his anxiety to visit this at its veritable outlet. One obstacle after
another was interposed to the gratification of his desire, but at
las.t, after a series of negotiations with the capricious Mtesa, con-
itinually broken off and again resumed, he set out, accompanied by
an escort of Wagonda officials, and fortified with the powers of a
iroyal guest, for a place called Urondogani, lying on the Nile, be-
llow which that stream was said to be navigable downwards. His
project was to proceed by boats on it to the court of Kamrasi, the
Kiiiag of Unyoro, the northernmost of the kingdoms into which
Kittara is broken up. Grant, in the meantime, was to proceed di-
apeitft by land to the same point, as well to prepare the barbarian
chief for the reception of his fellow-traveller as to hasten the com-
munikcation with Petheriek ; while at the same time more knowl-
edge (of the region would be gained. It turned out that this ar-
rangement proved almost fatal to the success of the expedi-
tion. A considerable amount of border plundering continually
toeik place between the subjects of Mtesa and Kamrasi, al-
thouglk the sovereigns themselves were on formal terms of amity;
;and rthe latter, a fidgety and suspicious person, no sooner found
^b.at^al^J' travellers were entering his country on two distinct lines
18^4.]
CAPTAIN SPEKE’S NARRATIVE.
167
than he concluded that some mischief was brewing against himself,
and at once assumed a hostile attitude. Speke’s boats were at-
tacked, and Grant’s party summarily ordered back, and at first it
seemed as if the furthest limit of the expedition had been reached ;
but a concurrence of fortunate circumstances permitted an explan-
ation to take place, and Kamrasi not only withdrew his opposition,
but actually lent Speke assistance in resisting a mandate for his
return to Uganda, which the weathercock temperament of Mtesa
had caused him to issue. He reached the palace of Kamrasi (lat.
1 deg. 37 min. 45 sec. N.), when he again struck the Nile, which
he had left a little below Urondogani, on the 9th of September.
After a stay of two months he resumed his journey northwards,
and on the 3d of December, at Feloro, (lat. 3 deg. 10 min. 33 sec.
N., long. 31 deg. 50 min. 45 sec. E.,) came in sight of what he
took for the outposts of Petherick’s expedition. His men, as
happy as himself, begged to be allowed to fire their guns. The
salute was instantly returned from the northerners’ camp, and at
once every height was covered with a swarm of men, and the Eng-
lish flag displayed. But although friends, the new comers were
not Petherick’s men, but a number of Turkish soldiers, Nubians
and others, who were under the command of one Mahamed, the
vakeel of Debono, an ivory merchant connected with the Egyptian
Government. All danger of effective opposition was now passed,
and although the arrangements of the ivory hunters necessitated
a delay of some weeks more, yet on the 15th of February, 1863,
the travellers “ walked into Gondokoro,” and felt themselves at
home, the remaining portion of the mysterious river of Egypt be-
ing already well-known. There they met Mr. Baker, the well-
known sportsman of Ceylon, and from him learnt for the first time
the stirring events, domestic and foreign, which had come to pass
in the preceding two years. Mr. Petherick also arrived at Gondo-
koro three days later.
We will terminate this article with a brief notice of Captain
Speke’s visit to the Ripon Falls — a point where the Nile issues
from the great lake.
This expedition was made from Urondogani, between leaving
the Court of Mtesa and arriving at that of Kamrasi. Urondogani
stands in lat. 52 min. 27 sec. N., on the brink of the Nile, w’hich at
this time (July 21) presented itself as “a magnificent stream from
600 to 700 yards wide, dotted with islets and rocks, the former
occupied by fishermen’s huts, the latter by. crocodiles basking in
the sun — flowing between fine high grassy banks with rich trees
and plantains in the back-ground, where herds of the nsunnu and
hartebeest could be seen grazing, while the hippopotami were
snorting in the water, and florikan and guinea fowl rising at our
feet.” Elephants were very numerous in the district, as appeared
from the marks of their devastations, and lions also, the latter to
such a degree that just after Captain Speke’s people had removed
168
RELIGION OF THE PEOPLE OF CORISCO.
[June,
a buck shot by him, two came out of the jungle and lapped up the
pool of blood where the animal had lain, and nearly frightened
the men into abandoning tlieir prize. From this point Speke as-
cended the left bank of the river, although generally at some dis-
tance from the stream, for three days. The march was fatiguing,
through long grass and jungle, except when village plantations
desolated by elephants varied the scene. At last “ the stones ” —
the local name for the falls — appeared, “ by far the most interest-
ing sight I had seen in Africa.” They are exactly forty miles
east of the palace of King Mtesa, and on the same parallel of lati-
tude (21 min. 19 sec. N.) Their depth is about 12 feet, and their
breadth, broken by rocks, from 400 to 500. A spur of the hills,
unfortunately, shuts out the broad surface "of the lake, the head of
which being on the 3d deg. of south latitude, gives it a length of
more than 220 miles. Still, the picture is one of extreme beauty,
and rendered lively by the appearance of thousands of fish con-
stantly leaping up the falls, fishermen on the rocks, and crocodiles
and hippopotami floating on the Avater.
000
From the Presbyterian.
RELIGION OF THE PEOPLE OF CORISCO.
Most heathen nations have some false god, to whom they pray ;
but these Benga and neighboring tribes have no idols, and no wor-
ship. Their religion is a fear of death. They do not say. There
is no God; they known there is a great, good Being, whom they
call “ Anyambe,” who made them. But they do not worship
him. They think tliat when Anyambe made man, he left him by
himself, and takes no more care or notice of him. But they think
there are many spirits, called myondi^ some of whom Anyambe
made like angels, and others who are the souls of men now dead.
Of these spirits they are afraid. They say, “If the spirits choose
to be kind, they will treat us well; but if they choose to be cruel,
they will hurt us.” They think that these spirits join with men
to do evil; so that when a person dies, they say, “ Some one has
joined with a spirit, and killed this person.” That one they call
a “ witch.” So they try to find out who the wdtch is. The doc-
tors look into a looking-glass to see the face of the witch; or they
make the accused one drink the poison-water of a kind of nut or
bark of a tree ; or they mix together a great many barks and
leaves, and burn or eat them with magical ceremonies, and then
put the ‘‘witch” to death, sometimes in a horrible manner.
Sometimes they cook food, and lay it as a mwambo or sacrifice
on the grave of their dead relatives, to please their spirits. But
they never pray, or have meetings for worship; though, at the
new moons, they have dances and songs to drive evil spirits away.
But, though they know God is good, they do not ask his favor ; it
1864.1
RELIGION OF THE PEOPLE OF CORISCO.
160
is of the myondi that they are always afraid. They do not like
to speak about them, or about death. They fear to die ; it is the
one g;reat fear of their lives. If it was not for evil spirits and
witches, they think they lever would die. So they make hwanga
or “medicines,’' (“ cliarms ” you would call them,) to keep the
evil away. These charms have been called “fetiches” by some
white men; and so the religion of those who trust in fetiches is
called Fetichism, just as the religion of those Avho trust in Mo-
hammed is called Mohammedanism. These fetich charms are
therefore the gods of the Benga people, because they trust in
them. Anything may be a fetich. Take a walk by a garden of
plantains, or potatoes, or corn, or gound-nuts, and you will see the
shells of a large kind of snail (“ Ha,”) or of a conch (konungu)
stuck on the end of an upright stick, or strung like beads from tree
to tree on a strong vine. That is a fetich ; no person but the
owner may touch it, nor dare any one steal the fruit that is near.
Or, instead of the shells, there may be a torn piece of cloth, a hu-
man bone, or dirty and soot covered fibres of the plantain stalk.
There are fetiches for assistance or protection in every act of
which you can think. They are worn on the body, or are hung
up in the houses. They are to insure success by pleasing the
spirits, or to prevent failure by driving them away. There are
charms to help in trading, fishing, gardening — sleeping, eating,
dancing, loving, marrying, nursing, sickness, fighting, boating.
You would be tired before I could tell you of all the different
kinds of fetiches that could be made for even one of these pur-
poses. If one kind fails, and they do not succeed in what they
have been doing, then they do not lose their faith ; they say,
“ some evil spirit has been stronger than this fetich ; I will buy or
make a stronger one.” And so they are all their lives trying what
shall save them.
Since the missionaries have come, some have thrown away these
earthly saviours, and have received to their hearts the Heavenly
One. Pray that they all may do so.
The most common fetich is the horn of a goat or gazelle, filled
with different kinds of colored clays, charcoal of several kinds of
wood, ashes of leaves, ground human bones, finger-nails and teeth,
human hair, blood, red feathers of a parrot’s tail — all put in by the
hands of a magic doctor. This horn is hung about the neck or
waist of men, women, and children, or over the door of the houses,
or above the fire-place. They think themselves safe till sickness
comes, and then they buy a stronger fetich. Always in fear ;
never safe. They have not known the Great Physician, the Sa-
viour of sinners.
000
Colored Schools in St. Louis. — It is proposed to establish a generous
system of education in St. Louis for the co’ored people. The Board of Educa-
tion has taken the matter in hand, and appeals to the citizens for assistance.
170
OLD CALABAR MISSION.
[June,
OLD CALABAR MISSION.
Rev. J. L. Mackey, one of the oldest and most successful mem-
bers of the (Old) Presbyterian Missionfat Corisco Island, Equa-
torial Africa, is the author of the annexed article, taken from the
New York Observer. It will be noticed that legitimate commerce,
prosecuted for a century, did not elevate the Efik people, but that
the efforts of civilized and Christian men, some of them of their
own color, have been attended by the signal displays of God’s
goodness and glory. Such has been the invariable result along
the coast of Africa.
Old Calabar is the name of a river and the adjacent country in
the Bight of Biaffra, West Africa, Near the sea and on the bor-
ders of the river the country is low and marshy, and, for the most
part, unfit for the habitation of man. The borders of the river,
for a distance of 40 or 50 miles from the ocean, are covered with
a dense growth of mangrove, but the country in the interior is high
and well-drained and rich in agricultural resources. It was in
former years a great resort for slave-traders, but the foreign slave
trade has been for years suspended ; the domestic trade in slaves,
however, is still carried on. There are, perhaps, but few free
men in the country who do not own slaves ; some of them own
hundreds, and some of the chief head men, I am informed, own a
thousand or more. It is not an uncommon thing for men who are
slaves themselves to be the owners of slaves ; this however, is not
peculiar to the Calabar country. Among many of the tribes in
West Africa slaves are permitted, when they can acquire the means,
to purchase and hold slaves, which indicates a mild kind of bond-
age.
The chief trade in the Calabar river of late years has been for
palm oil. It is now one of the principal marts of the palm oil
trade. It is the outlet for a large extent of country ; the oil is
brought down from a distance of more than a hundred miles in the
interior, and even across from the valley of the Niger.
The people of the country call themselves Edk. They are nu-
merous, but as no census has ever been taken the population is
not known. Forty or fifty miles from the sea, where the river
banks become somewhat elevated and suitable for human habita-
tion, there are several towns, numbering from 8,000 to 10,000 in-
habitants each, and the interior country is occupied by a teeming
population. The river has been open to the trade of civilized na-
tions for more than a century, but until very recently no advance
had been made by the people in civilization. Heathenism, with
the disgusting and barbarous customs so common among the tribes
of West flourished. The slave trade and the foreign com-
merce that succeeded it planted no germs of civilization; the popu-
1864.]
OLD CALABAR MISSION.
171
lation was as degraded in 1840 as the earliest records, a century
or more before that, show it to have been then, and the same cus-
toms essentially prevailed, Darkness overspread the land and
jgross darkness the people, but a better day and a brighter prospeet
was soon, in the providence of God, to dawn on Old Calabar.
Immediately after the abolition of slavery in the British West
India Islands, a desire sprung up among the liberated Africans in
Jamaica to carry the Gospel to Africa. The missionaries, who
had been long laboring among them, encouraged this desire; after
due consideration and correspondence with the Missionary Socie-
ties with which the various missionaries were connected, it was
determined to undertake a mission to some part of the Western
coast of Africa. About the same time a request was sent to Eng-
land by King Eyeo, one of the native kings of Old Calabar, for
missionaries to come out and labor among his people. This open-
ing, so providentially made, indicated the field of the new mission,
and it was commenced under the auspices of the United Presby-
terian Synod of Scotland. This Synod had at the time a large
number of missionaries and converts in Jamaica, and it was ex-
pected that a large number orf* the laborers for the new mission
would be drawn from that Island. The white laborers there had
become acquainted w4th the African character and were already
somewhat inured to a tropical climate, and the negroes who might
join the mission would go with constitutions suited to the climate
and country from which their immediate ancestors had been
brought.
Under these favorable prospects and providential indications the
mission was undertaken in the early part of the year 1846. Mr.
Waddel, who had spent a number of years in Jamaica, and who
had there gained an experience in the missionary work invaluable
to him in his new field, was appointed to take charge of the enter-
prise. The aid which was at first expected in the mission from
this class of laborers has not been realized, but the mission has
made steady progress since its commencement ; it has been con-
ducted with ability and wisdom, and it is now one of the most in-
teresting on the Western coast of Africa. The laborers have
been nearly all white men, and about one-half of them have spent
some years in Jamaica before coming to Calabar.
The Efik language, spoken in Old Calabar, was an unwritten
language when the mission was commenced ; it is now reduced to
writing, and a dictionary containing a large number of the words
in use has been published during the last year. It was prepared
for the press by Rev. Mr. Goldie, one of the first members of the
mission. The dictionary forms an octavo volume of nearly 700
pages in double columns, and is a monument of persevering indus-
try and labor. DiflereiU portions of the Scripture have been trans-
lated into the Efik by several members of the mission, and they
have printed the entire New Testament and several books of the
172
OLD CALABAR MISSION.
[June,
Old Testament. They have also printed in the Efik several school
books for beginners, a Summary of Old and New Testament His-
tory, a History of Joseph’s Exposition of the Ten Commandments,
a book of Hymns, a Catechism for children, and one for candi-
dates for baptism, the Shorter Catechism, the Story of Sabot, His-
tory of Elijah, Come to Jesus, and some other small works for the
religious instruction of the people. There is an amount of intel-
lectual labor required in reducing a barbarous language to writing,
and in making such translations into it as are required in the pro-
gress of the missionary work, which few can appreciate but those
who have been engaged in such work. The members of the Cal-
abar mission have accomplished an amount of labor in this depart-
ment highly creditable to their abilities and industry.
The chief labor of the missionaries is devoted to the preaching
of the Gospel. Eight ordained ministers are engaged in this work ;
all, with the exception of one or two who have recently joined the
mission, preach in the Efik language. A large number of people
are reached by the preached Word; and, as Calabar is a central
place of trade, many strangers who come from a long distance in
the interior are brouglit under the sound of the Gospel, and, no
doubt, carry back with them to their own country some seeds of
the precious truth which they hear. The written language is not
used beyond the immediate sphere of the mission, as none can read
it but those who have been taught in the mission schools, and, of
• course, the translations of the Scriptures and the other religious
books prepared by the mission can have but a limited circulation ;
but this arm of the missionary work will grow more and more
efficient every year as the schools are increased and the number
of readers multiplied. Beside the ministerial laborers enumerated
above, there is one physician, who is an elder in the church, and
four single ladies engaged as teachers, connected with the mission.
The mission has two organized churches, one of which has 30
members, the other 29. Some of the members who have been
connected with each of the churches have gone back to their hea-
then customs and have been cut off from the list of members ;
but the consistent walk of others has been gratifying. There are
in the several schools connected with the mission about 300 pupils
receiving daily instruction.
The humanizing influence of the mission on the mass of hea-
thenism arofind has been very great. Some of the superstitions
and inhuman practices so universal among the people before the
establishment of the mission have been abolished, or to some ex-
tent stayed. The leaven of Christian truth is working, and al-
ready, to some extent, affecting the mass of the community. The
seed, which has been sown in faith, is already springing up, and,
in God’s own time, will produce an abundant harvest. The name
of Jesus is precious now to some who but a few years ago were
immersed in heathenish darkness, and multitudes more are daily
A TRAINING INSTITUTION IN AFRICA.
1864.]
173
pointed to that Saviour who alone can save sinners and, through
His Spirit, fit them for a holy Heaven.
The field of labor before the Old Calabar mission is almost
boundless. Though at present the interior is closed against the
entrance of white men, the progress of the truth will open it as
fast as the laborers are ready to occupy it. If the work in this
mission continues to be prosecuted with the same prayerfulness
and wisdom and zeal in years to come as in the past, the Church
will not be wrong in expecting, with the blessing of God, large
results in this field.
From tVie Spirit of Missions.
A TRAINING INSTITUTION IN A.FRICA.
Bishop Payne and the Foreign Committee are persuaded that
the time has arrived when there should be established, in connec-
tion with our African Mission, a Training Institution, for native
teachers, catechists, and ministers of the Gospel. The custom
hitherto has been for each foreign missionary to have two or three
young men under his instruction at the station where he is located,
but it is believed to be -a much better plan to gather them all into
one institution, and the time of one or more of the foreign mission-
aries be given wholly to the training of these young men for their
important work.
The Basle Missionary Society have had an extensive mission
on the Gold Coast; and the Rev. Mr. Auer, who was for several
years connected with that mission, states, in the following com-
munication, some interesting facts concerning their Training School
at Akropong ;
“ An important branch of missionary work is to train natives as
teachers, interpreters, and catechists, who can take charge of out-
stations. as well as assist the foreign missionary in his own place,
and his travels. In the beginning of a mission, individual labor-
ers gather such men around them, educating them as well as their
multifarious and manifold duties will allow. Often times they are
compelled to employ a young man as teacher who has not yet had
the necessary education for that position. But as the work ad-
vances, as the number of schools and stations increases, the want
of many well educated interpreters, teachers, and catechists, is
more and more felt. A man must not only be able to read and to
write ; not on'y be versed in a little Geography, History, Arith-
metic, Grammar, Bible knowledge, etc., but he ought to be quali-
Jied to teach these branches well, and to teach them in his own
native language. A thorough training for this cannot be accom-
plished without gathering the ablest boys from different stations
and schools into one institution, w'here studies of minor importance,
as music, drawing, etc., may be added, and where the studies and
174
A TRAINING INSTITUTION IN AFRICA.
[June,
♦
exercises in teaching and preaching may be carried on in one
spirit and according to one plan. Our African mission has now
arrived at that point when the need of such an institution is greatly
felt, and when we have schools enough to furnish the students. A
class of from five to ten young men, who are offering themselves
for missionary work among their benighted brethren, may be re-
ceived annually, so that after some time we can send out the same
number of able and willing laborers year by year. The best of
them in Christian life and learning may receive an additional edu-
cation for the ministry.
“ We hope that such a school will soon be opened at Cavalla, or
any other suitable place. Our German neighbors on the Gold
Coast have established one long ago, though their mission is, from
the time of its recommencement in 1843, younger than our own.
But they from the beginning had a greater number of missionaries
than we, and thus labor could be more divided among them.
“ One missionary on the coast, and another in the interior, began
to gather older scholars, from the boys’ schools as well as servant-
boys in missionary families, giving them daily instruction in the
most necessary studies. The one labored among the Akras, speak-
ing their language ; the other among an Asante tribe. Their house
and lesson-rooms were simple huts, such as the natives can erect.
The expense was not much more than that of a common boys’
school.
“To save time, teachers, and labor, the two institutions Avere
united, after some years, at Akropong, the healthy station of the
interior. One of the missionaries >vas made principal ; others,
Avith some natives, assisted him. The Committee of the Society
always kept up the number of teachers, by sending neAV ones,
Avhen the older missionaries had to leave.
“ Since 1858, Avhen it Avas resolved to receive a new class an-
nually, the institution increased in number, in learning, and mis-
sionary spirit. In 1862 forty young men Avere there, and the
number has increased since. They come from different countries
and nations and tongues. Four African languages are spoken
there, besides English ; though instruction is given only in three
— Asante, (Otji,) Akra, and English. There are three European
teachers (one not ordained,) and two natives, Avho have been effi-
ciently trained in that school. They live in four large one-story
stone houses, forming a square ; two are occupied by the teachers
and their families ; the two larger ones by the students, Avho keep
their rooms in order, Avash and iron their clothes, and eat what the
country provides. Their studies comprise simple, expressive
Beading, Orthography, Arithmetic, Grammar of three languages.
Geography, Universal History, Sacred History, (Systematic Bible
History,) exposition of the Bible, exercises in preaching and cate-
chising, (first in the institution, then also on the streets and in
schools ;) principles and method of teaching, with exercises in
1864.] TABOO TRIBE AND STATION. 175
schools ; Church History, S^inging, Music, Coinpositions of Music,
and Drawing.
“ Last year’« report of that school says ; In catechising, the
pupils show much more spirit and liberty than is usual in Eu-
rope. Church History is one of their favorite studies, and, with
their remarkable memory, they do remarkably well. In Drawing,
they made very much progress. Playing the melodeon is their
fondest exercise, and their progress is surprising. AVith our sing-
ing Ave can cheer many hearts, and on our preaching excursions,
win many friends. A good-sized farm gives opportunity for daily
exercises for the body.
“ The Avriter lias, Avhen he spoke to those forty young men of
the need of Africa, of apostolic labors, of the loving care of Jesus,
seen their eyes glisten Avith tears and Avith zeal. All af them Avere
ready to spend their life and strength for the salvation of their
people. And noAv they are scattered over a large country, proving
that they then Avere in earnest.
“It is a rule Avith Basle missionaries not to send a native teacher
to anyplace before the people are somewhat prepared and desirous
for the Gospel, or before some have become Christians there. The
teacher has then Avork, and a foundation for it ; the Christians
learning from him, and helping him in building up a school and a
little church, and he is not left alone to the influence of heathen-
ism, from Avhich he has escaped.
“ In one of such places, the two native teachers Avere the means
of bringing about eighty people to their Saviour, most of Avhom
are noAv fluently reading and Avriting, many also in English. About
ten young men are becoming teachers from that place.
“ There is noAv a goodly number of successful native teachers
and preachers there, Avho are an essential feature in missionary
operations.
“ As the training-school has been so very much blessed hitherto,
it Avas greatly enlarged by grafting a seminary for native ministers
upon it. May the Lord continue to bless them !”
000
TABOO TRIBE AND STATION.
This station is on the extreme east of the region occupied by
the Protestant Episcopal Mission at Cape Palmas. It Avas opened
by Rev. L. B. Minor in 1840. God removed him soon afterAvard,
Then came Rev. E. Hening, Avho, Avith his gifted and now
sainted Avife, occupied it for several years, Avhen he left it for Avhat
seemed to be the more important position — Rocktown. Next, Rev.
J. M. Minor, son of the late king of the village near the Mission
House, and connected Avith the earliest efforts of Rev. L. B. Mi-
nor, Avas left in charge. He did Avell for a season. But Avars and
other untoward circumstances compromised his character, and
with the approbation of the Bishop he removed his family to Cape
176
TABOO TRIBE AND STATION.
[June,
Palmas, Hoffman station, at the close of last year. A few days
afterward an attack was make on his father’s town, a portion of
which was burned, and some of Mr. Minor’s property.
After some two years’ quarreling and fighting, in which the
whole Plabo Tribe (Taboo) was involved, the people seemed tired
of war, and readily yielded to the persuasion of some friendly
natives to make peace. At this favorable juncture we appoint to
the station Mr. R. Miles, a foreign missionary.
Taboo Station occupies a beautiful and picturesque hill just at
the mouth of Taboo river, through which it looks out over the
foaming waves on the great ocean. To the west the river mean-
ders in a course generally parallel with the ocean, through palms
and luxuriant under-growth, for a mile, when it turns off to the
interior. North and north-west of the station are hills covered for
most part with palms.
The Mission House and premises occupy ground formerly sacred
to the Kevi, (demons or spirits of the departed,) and Rev. Mr.
Minor had to seize a cutlass and cut the first “bush,” before he
could prevail upon the superstitious natives to clear a site for his
house.
The Plabo (Taboo) tribe begins on the coast, at a point six miles
east of the Cavalla river, and extends to Beverly, fifteen miles be-
low. It numbers twelve towns and villages, with a population of
twelve to fifteen thousand. The language of the people is closely
allied to that of the Buboes, between them and the Greboes, as
also with Dabo and Wambo, immediately in their rear. * Through
these latter tribes there is constant communication with Tebo, op-
posite to the Webo, (Bohlen,) around the falls of the Cavalla.
Indeed, the Taboo river, (Horo,) with a little labor, will afibrd
water communication with a point not far from our Tebo station
on the Upper Cavalla.
Beyond Plabo, to the East, are the Hidebo, Worobo, Majo, and
numerous other tribes. All readily assemble for two hundred miles
with those in their rear, waiting for the messengers of peace and
salvation. The Taboo people having come from the interior at a
comparatively recent period, are closely connected with tribes
there, with whom they have constant intercourse. Taboo, beyond
the Cavalla river, becomes thus an important radiating point to-
ward the East, as Northtown is on the West, Cape Palmas and
Cavalla in the centre, and Bohlen in the North. At all these
points, through the toils and sufferings of other years, homes have
been provided for Christian missionaries, and an open door of
access opened to 150,000 heathen Africans.
000
The Anglo-Saxon Race. — At a recent meeting of the London Geographi-
cal Society, it contended it is impossible to colonize tropical regions with
the Anglo-Saxon Race.
1864.] PRESENT MEASURES INADEQUATE. 177
PRESENT 3IEASURES INADEqUATE.
Intelligence from Eastern Africa stows that the slave-trade is car-
ried on extensively, attended with the usual atrocities. Capt. Speke
of England has, during his travels in Eastern Africa, ascertained
the workings of the inland slave-trade. He states that in Zanzibar
it is three times as great as in Cuba, and almost beyond description
on the White Nile, On his return to England, he addressed a meet-
ing of the friends of Africa. He gave it as his decided opinion that
the measures employed by the British Government for the suppres-
sion of the slave-trade were very inadequate. AVith an annual ex-
pense of £150,000 very slight results were obtained. Indeed, he
had little confidence in the cruising squadrons along the coast of
Africa. He stated that, in his opinion, the only way to put an end
to the nefarious practice was to educate the negro to maintain his own
rights and to unite with the civilized nations in the abolition of the
accursed traffic. He recommended the conclusion of treaties between
England and the African chiefs, the Pasha of Egypt, and the Sultan
of Zanzibar; the establishment of missions and schools in the interior
of Africa ; the punishment of all persons convicted of taking part in
the trade of men ; the formation of depots of negroes round the east
•and west sides of Africa, which shall be devoted to the liberation of
their countrymen from slavery, and the education and employment
of negroes in all departments of British service.
The meeting that Captain Speke addressed resolved to form an
Asssciatio'n “ for the suppression of the slave-trade, the instruction of
the natives of Central Africa in the truths of Christianity, and for
the opening of a wide field for commerce in lands remarkably rich
and fertile.’^ The enterprising traveller alluded to demonstrated that
the existing treaties between the European powers for the suppres-
sion of the slave-trade were altogether inadequate to the end proposed,
and urged that they ought to be amended.
AA ith respect to the treaties alluded to, the great fault is, they are
not enforced. England has a treaty with Spain by which the latter
power engaged, for a large consideration in money, promptly paid,
to abolish the slave-trade, and yet the provisions of the treaty on the
part of Spain has never been fulfilled. England has remonstrated
over and over again, has threatened and re-threatened, and yet Spain,
after pocketing the enormous tribute, has never performed her obli-
gations. Has it been for want of power to apply efficacious remedies
on the part of England ? By no means. AA^hat then ? Most assur-
edly, want of inclination. The whole proceeding on the part of Eng-
land seems to have been a farce to gratify the sentiment of the peo-
ple of that country, while for political reasons, she has winked at the
lion-fulfillment of the treaties so ostentatiously made with Spain.
Doubtless the measures recommended by Captain Speke are of
great importance, and if carried into practice would be attended with
178 RECEPTION OF THE AMERICAN CONSUL GENERAL. [Jane,
most beneficial results. But experience proves that civilization an(3
Christianity in Africa are much more likely to be brought about by
means of such institutions as the Colonization Society. The restoration
of civilized colored men to their ancestral continent, carrying with
them our holy religion, and the arts and customs of the American
world, is a work full of promise for the future of Africa. It is to be
regenerated and civilized, and the people of color will be the mis-
sionaries of that regeneration and civilization.
000
RECEPTION OF THE AMERICAN CONSUL GENRAL,
We transfer from the Liberia Herald^ the annexed report of an
event of much interest and importance to the people of the United
States and of Liberia. No better selection, we believe, could be
made for the useful and honorable position than Abraham Hanson,
Esq., the first Commissioner and Consul General from the mother to
the daughter Republic.
On Monday, February 22d, Hon. Abraham Hanson, United States
Commissioner and Consul General, arrived from America. Mr,
Hanson left Liberia, where he had served as U. S. Consul, in Octo-
ber ; but after reaching the United States, and receiving his creden-
tials as Commissioner, &c., he left at once for Liberia, having re-
mained but a few days with bis family.
The return of Mr. Hanson has given satisfaction to the Govern-
ment and people of Liberia. No foreign functionary ever stood higher
in the estimation of a people, than Mr. H. does in that of the Libe-
rians. That the relations of friendship between the two Governments
and peoples will be increased and strengthened, no one doubts; and
all hail this event as a favorable sign for the development of the com-
mercial relations existing between the two nations.
On Thursday, 25th February, the reception of the Consul General,
by His Excellency the President, took place at the Mansion House.
Besides the President and Cabinet, there were present the Yiee
President, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Ex-Pres-
ident Roberts, and other distinguished citizens, and Rev. John Seys,
U. S. Agent for recaptured Afi-icans.
The President proceeded to welcome Mr. Hanson in the following
terms :
It affords me great pleasure, sir, to welcome you again to Liberia,
and to assure you that the people of this community entertain for you
personally very friendly feelings. These kindly feelings on their
part are, I am happy to inform you, the gratifying result of your Chris-
tian intercourse with, as well as your official residence of the brief
time of thirteen months among them.
1864.] RECEPTION OF THE AMERICAN CONSUL GENERAL. 179
The high estimation in which you are held by the people of this
city, was made manifest to me the day of the announcement of your
recent return to the country, by their almost enthusiastic expressions
of joy on that eventful occasion, and I think you may safely felicitate
yourself in the hope of enjoying, for many days to come, the renewed
good will and wishes of your Liberian friends.
But, sir, it is a more pleasant task — more peculiarly gratifying
both to this Government and people — for me to have at this time
the pleasure of according to you an unreserved and cordial reception
as a highly distinguished representative of the Government of the
United States of America, accredited near the Government of the
Bepublic of Liberia.
And it renders me very happy, indeed, sir, to be able to announce
to these gentlemen present, that you bring with you to this Govern-
ment a commission and credentials of a higher grade than any it has
hitherto had the pleasure of receiving from the hands of any other
foreign public functionary commissioned to this country.
This event is hailed by us as another unmistakable evidence of
the very friendly feelings and the national regard entertained by the
great American Bepublic for the Government of Liberia. We
greatly appreciate the event, and cordially reciprocate the friendship
of which it is the sequence.
With these views, I take pleasure in congratulating you, sir, as
Commissioner and Consul General of the United States Government
to the Republic of Liberia, assuring you, at the same time, in behalf
of this Government and people, that there will be accorded to you by
both all that courtesy and good will to which your high official posi-
tion entitles you.
. Mr. Hanson responded in substance :
That, as he had the honor of knowing, and being personally
known to His Excellency the President, and to the distinguished
members of his Cabinet; and as he had in another capacity had an
opportunity of attesting his deep and earnest concern for the welfare
of the Bepublic of Liberia, he did not deem it becoming to indulge
on this occasion in extended remarks.
He would, however, beg leave, most respectfully, to present to
His Excellency the President what he had already communicated to
the honorable Minister of Foreign Affairs of Liberia, the strongest
assurances of the warmest interest and sympathy of his Government
with the Government of the Bepublic of Liberia.
The circumstances under which he presented himself before His
Excellency the President of Liberia, as the representative of the
United States, were to him thrillingly interesting. He came to a
people who had derived their origin from America ; who had adopted
its forms of Government and administration, and who were repro-
ducing those forms upon the coast of this extensive and very fruitful
and interesting continent, and who, moreover, had not at any time
forgotten the ties which bind them to their native land.
180
ELEMENTS OF STABILITY AND PROGRESS.
[Jane,
It was, among others, one object of his mission to foster this
feeling and develop the commercial relations between the United
States and Liberia ; and while he could assert that the American
people had always looked with deep interest and solicitude upon the
novel but most important enterprise of establishing this new Repub-
lic, yet it had been reserved for the present moment to give a defined
and solemn proof of that interest and solicitude, on the part of the
Government of the United States, by accrediting a political agent to
the Government of Liberia, as a distinct and responsible recognition
of the national independence and sovereignty of that Republic.
He assured His Excellency the President, as he had already
assured the honorable Minister of Foreign Affairs to whom he was
accredited, of the zeal of the honorable William H. Seward, Secretary
of State of the United States, to cultivate and deserve the friendship
of the Republic of Liberia, by whatever may depend upon his minis-
try.
000
Elements of Stability and Progress.
From the able and impressive address of Dr. Allen, late Presi-
dent of Girard College, delivered at the last anniversary of the
Pennsylvania Colonization Society, we select the subjoined ex-
tract :
The Republic of Liberia is no longer a problem ; it is a success.
Thanks to the men who founded and have sustained the Ameri-
can Colonization Society and its branches in the States, they have
vvorked on in faith and hope, in the face of opposition at home
and discouragements in Africa, until they see the fruits of theiV
philanthropy, in a well established, self-governing republic of col-
ored men, into wdiich tlie colony they planted forty-three years
ago has grown. Along a coast-liiie of five or six hundred miles,
which, within the memory of some of us, was visited only by slave-
ships, and covering an interior occupied by two hundred thousand
native Africans, who were divided into hostile tribes engaged in
perpetual wars wnth each other to supply the slave dealers with
liiiman merchandise, now no prowling slaver casts anchor to await
his prey ; no wars are waged for human booty; no captives are
torn from home and friends to perish in the middle passage, orpine
in hopeless bondage ; no blood of slaughtered hecatombs assuages
the anger of malignant demons, nor slakes the savage bloodthirst
of chiefs more demons than they ; but thriving settlements dot the
sea-shore and extend along the banks of the rivers for miles into
the interior; the marts of lawful commerce stand on the sites of
forsaken barracoons ; cotton, coffee and sugar grow on old battle
fields ; school houses and churches rise on grounds once devoted
to .the orgies of a fejocious superstition ; and the voice of prayer
1864.]
ELEMENTS OF STABILITY AND PROGRESS.
181
and praise ascends to God where but a few years since were heard
the mummeries of idolatry and the wail of victims led forth to the
sacrifice.
Tlie Pennsylvania Colonization Society, which has contributed
its share, both of money and counsel, to these cheering results,
may be pardoned for a feeling of exultation in a retrospect of its
doings on every return of its anniversary.
Many honest doubts were formerly entertained as to the capacity
of the colored people to support and govern themselves, as a per-
manent civilized community, without the direction and presence
of white men. It was predicted that the colony, as soon as it
should be left to its own control, would relapse into barbarism.
The indolence of the tropical races, the improvidence of the
negro, and the overpowering numbers of the native tribes, were
arguments to sustain these doubts. But the history and progress
of Liberia during the sixteen years of its existence as an independ-
ent State, will do much to satisfy the most skeptical on this point.
It has framed a constitution and organized a government, with
distinct executive, legislative, and judicial powers, and with all
the official machinery of administration. It has elected prudent
and capable men to the Presidency, who have preserved order at
home and secured respect abroad. Its Legislature, composed ot a
Senate and House of Representatives, has enacted wholesome-
laws, adapted to the necessities of the people, and these laws are
executed in due form. Courts of record are regularly held, their
Judges are respectable, and their mandates are obeyed.
It has a military organization to enforce the laws, and for pro-
tection against the native tribes beyond its borders. It has as-
sorted its superiority over the natives within its jurisdiction, in
arms as well as in arts, and these now yield peaceable submission
to its authority. It has a school in every neighborhood, a church
in every village, and a college at Monrovia, its capital. Idfe and
property being secure, the products of its industry are annually
multiplying in a greater ratio than its population, and consequently
individual and national wealth are increasing. Its exportable pro-
ducts, cotton, sugar, rice, coffee, ginger, pepper, indigo, arrow-root
and palm oil, may be grown in quantities that have no limits but
those of land and labor ; and these commodities being in demand
in the markets of the world, will supply the Republic by exchange
with all the products of other lands which its people may require.
These are elements of stability and prosperity, and though the
beginnings have been small, there is a continent for expansion.
Let no man despise the day of small things. As black men were
the Zerubbabels who, under the auspices of the Colonization So-
ciety, laid the foundation of this temple of freedom for their race,
so shall their hands finish it, and shall bring forth the head-stone
with rejoicing. Fear not that the native population will absorb
this handful of people, and reduce them to their own level. Civ-
182
RESEARCHES IN EQUATORIAL AFRICA.
[Jane,
ilization, commerce, and Christianity are mighty aggressive forces.
In contact with barbarism, ignorance and idolatry, they are always
victorious. Whe're the race is different and its temper intractable,
as in the case of the American Indians, they may exterminate ;
but where the race is identical and its disposition docile and imi-
tative, as in the case of the Africans, they will instruct, employ,
elevate and absorb.
000—
RESEARCHES IN EQUATORIAL AFRICA.
England has made efforts worthy a great nation to redeem Africa
from the barbarism that has for ages oppressed her. That those in
progress may succeed must be the fervent wish of civilized man
throughout the world. The explorations of Captain Speke, elsewhere
adverted to at length, and the travels of Dr. Livingstone, have revealed
somewhat the resources of the equatorial portion of that hitherto un-
known country, and in a great measure shown the character of its
inhabitants.
The territories visited by these daring travellers are stated to be
rich in almost every variety of production. Cotton is produced in
abundance. The sugar cane is indigenous. Immense tracts are
deemed suited to the culture of coffee. Indigo abounds. Medicinal
plants are exceedingly valuable. Senna grows in whole forests, and
the nux vomica, producing strychnine, flourishes abundantly. In a
word, nature has been lavish in her gifts to this hitherto unrevealed
region.
Turning from the tropical luxuriance of the land, the character of
the inhabitants challenge our inquiry. Speke and Livingstone show
us the African, not as he is known on the outskirts of his own coun-
try, corrupted and brutalized by his commerce with the slave traders,
“but he is here put before us,’’ as an English writer forcibly re-
marks, “in his true colors, with all the elements of good and evil
that belong to his native, unsophisticated character. Barbarous he
may be, and liable to gusts of passion that sometimes carry him to
deeds of savage violence : ignorant he may be, and the slave of gross
idolatry : but he is not insensible to kindness ; he is not unwilling to
be taught and raised to something that belongs to a far higher order
of humanity. And take him as he is — untaught, ignorant of the
arts of life, and the sport of savage passion — yet has he learnt to be
faithful to his leader, to be true to his word, and honest in his deal-
1864.]
REMEMBER THE WANT.S OF AFRICA.
183
ings; and be has learnt so much of the nature of social union, that
he is loyal to his chief, and proud of his tribe and name ; and he has
many of those points of character which, among civilized men, are
called honor and patriotism. Nor is he a mere fierce and wander-
ing hunter, like the red Indian of North America. For though he
does love tx> follow the ‘ large game,^ and to bring back their spoils
for commerce, he also delights in agriculture, and dwells contentedly
among his gardens and fields of corn ; longs to possess new imple-
ments and arts of culture, that he may turn them to profit ; delights
to improve his stock of domestic animals, to exchange produce with
neighboring tribes, and thus to learn the arts of peace. Above all,
he longs for the improved arts and commerce of the white men,
whose fame has reached him, but whose persons he has never seen.’^
Such the country and such the people that are to be brought un-
der the influence of civilization and Christianity. With the success
of the efforts now being made for the redemption of Africa, the effect
upon the commercial and industrial agencies of Europe and America
must be incalculable. The influence upon that vast continent, in all
respects, will be beneficent, and add another link to the golden chain
of Christian nations.
000
REMEMBER THE WANTS OF AFRICA.
It has been customary, for some years, to ask from the ministers
and congregations throughout the land, a contribution, on the Sab-
bath immediately preceding or succeeding the Fourth of July, in
aid of the cause of African Colonization.
The Colonization Society needs no commendation with any
who are at all acquainted with its history or fruits. It is an or-
ganization to afford opportunity and provide assistance for the
American people of color to change the place of their residence,
provided, in their judgment, they can thereby multiply their priv-
ileges and better their circumstances : and through their agency,
and by the Divine blessiug, to propagate civilization and religion
in Africa.
Ethiopia is stretching out her hands for the Gospel and the arts
of civilized life, and Christian settlers from this country to bear
these blessings to her children. It becomes us to recollect that we
are debtors to the sons and daughters of Africa in our midst and
184 CHARGE I>’ AFFAIRES FROM LIBERIA. [Jane,
in their own land, and that merely for the evangelization of that
continent, there is no agency more economical or efficient.
The duty of remembering the weighty objects of the Society in
our prayers and efforts, is too clear to need extended remark, and
we therefore invite its practical remembrance on some Sabbath near
the approaching day on which we commemorate our national
independence.
CHARGE D' AFFAIRES FROM LIBERIA.
On Wednesday, May 18th, the Rev. John B. Pinney, who has
held the position of Consul General of the Republic of Liberia,
presented his credentials and was received by the Secretary of
State as Charge d’ Affaires of that Republic near this^ Government.
By this reception, and by the appointment of Abraham Hanson,
Esq., as Commissioner and Consul General to Liberia, the United
States, in its national capacity, evinces its desire to preserve the
most friendly relations with the Liberia Government, and as ever
ready to advance its prosperity and its dignity.
Our country has no reason to act otherwise with Liberia. The
foundation of such a Republic upon the benighted shores of Africa
will ever be regarded as one of the noblest achievements of Amer-
ican philanthrophy. No where else, out of our own limits, has
the efficiency of our institutions in developing national strength
and character been so satisfactorily shown ; and it should be no
less our pride than it is our interest to employ all legitimate means
of cultivating her good wdll, and drawing her into closer inter-
course.
E^COERAGHG FROM LIBERIA.
By the last West African mail steamer to England, we have re-
ceived letters and papers from Liberia, Health and general pros-
perity prevailed in all the settlements. The emigrants sent by the
Society in the trader “Thomas Pope,^’ which left New York
on the 16th January last, arrived at Monrovia on the 22d Feb-
ruary, and had located at Sinon and Harrisburg — the latter an
agricultural village on the St. Paul’s river.
The Legislature of Liberia had adjourned. Among the acts
1864.]
LETTER FROM LIBERIA.
185
passed by it and approved by the Preside;it may be named one
imposing a tax of one half per cent, on real estates for the support
of common schools, and one authorizing the President to adopt
measures to encourage emigration from the West India Islands to
that Republic, and appropriating four thousand dollars for the pur-
pose.
St. James Gilchrist, a Senator from Bassa county, died at Mon-
rovia, February 8th, of consumption. Hon. John H. Chavers had
been appointed Secretary of the Treasury. On the 25th February
Abraham Hanson, Esq., Commissioner and Consul General from
the Government of the United States, presented his credentials,
and was warmly welcomed by President Warner.
000
LETTER FROM LIBERIA,
The subjoined communication from Liberia, though very tardy in •
reaching us, embodies facts which not only encourages but persuades
to the hearty prosecution of the enterprise of African Colonization.
Monrovia, Aoi’mier 30th, 1863.
Dear Sir: Our Capital just now is the scene of unusual life and activity.
Strangers are arriving from every quarter of the land, and our inns and even
private residences are fast filling up. The streets of Monrovia are well
cleaned, and white-wash and paint give quite a holiday appearance to bouse
and cottage.
The annual session of the Legislature will begin in the course of a fortnight,
and the various denominations of Christians take advantage of this season to
assemble and transact their business. The Baptist Association met in this
city. The Rev. A. P. Davis, of Bassa county, presided — a man, by the way,
of great common sense and large practical wisdom ; born a slave in Virginia,
surrounded by ignorance and benightedness on the plantation on which he
was reared, his soul rose stiperior#to the circumstances, and aspired after
training and letters. I have heard a most interesting statement of the man-
ner in which he first learned to read. Since his arrival in this country, he
has been a schoolmaster, for several years ; and you can judge for yourself
of his ability when I tell you that he has been raised to the Bench, as Judge
of the Quarterly Court in the county of Bassa.
Nine ministers attended this Association, accompanied by several lay mem-
bers. Although these men have not been in receipt of salaries over three
years, yet they have supported themselves and families, and carried on
the operations of their denomination among natives and American settlers
with their usual efficiency. During their session they had constant preach-
186
LETTER FROM LIBERIA.
[June,
ing, and much religious interest was excited in our city. I may add here that
it is much to their credit, that several of these ministers walked long dis-
tances on the beach to attend this conference.
The next ecclesiastical assemblage will be that of the Presbyterians. Their
Presbytery meets on the St. Paul’s river, at Clay- Ashland, on the 5th of Decem-
ber. The body is not large, but its ministers are among the foremost in the
land in intelligence.
We are all looking forward with exceeding interest to the session of the
Legislature. Many important and exciting questions will be brought forward
for consideration. It is moreover the termination of one President’s term of
office, and the commencement of a new President’s career. And what with
the valedictory of the one, and the inaugural and new policy of the other,
our town will, without doubt, be lively and interesting..
The commencement of the new year, brings us a new national policy. The
Port of Entry Bill,’’ adopted by a former Legislature, goes into effect early
next year. This bill breaks up forever the direct foreign trade with our na-
tive population, and brings them more immediately under our own control
and influence. This, in divers ways, will bring a most weighty responsibil-
ity— the commercial responsibdity . I have no reason to suppose that we can
fully meet this at once ; and possibly our failure to meet the demands of na-
tive trade immediately, and in the same manner as foreigners, may involve us
in some difficulties. And if so, it will be truly sad. But I am right glad
that the bill is to go into operation ; and that we, the rightful guardians of
the aborigines, are to assume the full care and provision of them.
I am most happy to say that preparations are being made in every settle-
ment to meet the commercial responsibilities about to fall upon us. One
boat of ten tons was built two or three months ago, for the coast-wise trade,
and has already made one successful trip to Sierra Leone. Another built by
Judge Drayton, of Cape Palmas, is already launched, and is now on its way up
the coast. Four more boats, of from twenty-five to thirty tons burden, are now
on the stocks, and will soon be ready for service. All these belong to mer-
chants in the leeward counties. In addition to these, I may mention a packet
now in the harbor, which was built at Cape Mount, in this county, and which
is to carry passengers and freight to Sierra Leone ; and Messrs. Warner and
Cooper are busy building a'nd repairing vessels at their ship yards in this
town. Indeed, we have every prospect of a rapid increase in small craft, and
full preparation for our coastwise trade. It will be pleasing to you to know
that we are building our own vessels, and not sending our money abroad for
them.
What will be done to meet the moral, spiritual and educational responsi-
bilities which will arise out of this new policy, I am unable to say ; but you
need not fear they will be neglected. The people of Liberia boast sometimes
too much ; but in one thing they never do themselves justice, in that they
never tell the world the whole of their work among the heathen. I think
1864.]
LETTER FROM LIBERIA.
187
would be impossible to tell how many heathen children are daily in the habit
of joining in family prayer in our whole country ; how many go to Sunday
school ; how many go to church ; how many profess Christianity as members o^
Christian denominations. Though we fall far short of our duty in this re-
spect, yet it is something to be thankful for that we have such good men at
work for religion as Vonbrunn and Crocker, and Pitman and Lowrie — all con-
verts from heathenism ; leading unblemished lives, and possessed of good
education. I hear it hinted that the next Administration intends to make
some arrangement for schools among the heathen ; and when the conferences
of the Methodist, Presbyterian, and other denominations meet, I expect there
will be some means fallen upon for their evangelization. The Methodists are
now laboring very faithfully in Bassa county, and a number of natives have
come forward for baptism and membership. I shall w^atch this particular
matter, and from time time give you information.
Trade has been very active during the last three or four months ; and our
streets have been 'constantly traversed by interior traders, bringing rice, cat-
tle, ivory, and other articles to market. Chief among these are the Mandin-
goes. They are fine fellows ; exceedingly tall, reaching in some instances six
feet two in height, and seldom below six : agile and athletic, keen, bright-eyed
and intelligent; and withal sober and grave in demeanor. I stopped one of
these fellows at the waterside the other day, attracted as I was by an Arabic
book, suspended by strings around his neck ; I took the book, beautifully
W'ritten in the Arabic character, on about fifty pages, and bound in leather ;
in vain I attempted to purchase it. He mentionad a large sum, and declared
that if I offered such a sum he would not take it for his book.
I saw the other day a man from the Hurrah tribe, whose home is some
sixty miles in the interior. He had been captured in some tribal figbt ; brought
down, with his burdens, by his captors to meet some of the traders. A neigh-
bor of mine asked bim whether he would not like to be free, and he expressed
his strong desire for the great boon. My acquaintance brought him with him.
What especially attracted my attention was his fine and noble physique. He
is nigh six feet in height ; rather broad and stout ; perfect features ; and one
of the most finely shaped heads that 1 have ever seen upon human shoulders.
I am informed that this is the general physical character of this particular
tribe ; and that they are such great fighters that they are a scourge to their
neighbors for miles around.
Everything seems prospering in the rural districts. It is most cheering to
hear the farmers on the St. Paul talk concerning their progress and their in-
creasing fortunes. But the appearance of things in our agricultural districts
is inspiring. New farms are being opened; old ones enlarged. Sugar cane
and coffee, however, demand more attention than anything else. L. L. Lloyd
arrived here two or three months ago, and brought a steam sugar mill of
thirty-five horse power — the largest mill in the country ; and he is acting in
a large and unselfish manner in his business. His mill is going up; and at
188
ITEMS OF INTELLIGENCE.
[June,
the same time he has informed all the small flirmers on the river to plant as-
much as they can, as he proposes to purchase all their cane, standing^ at a
definite price ; remove it, and grind and manufacture. This will cause a rev-
olution ill cane planting in this country. Poor men cannot spare the capital
to get mills for their farms ; those who venture to do so, as several have, find
but little advantage, for to make money a mill ought to be kept going at least
four months. But by carrying out his plan, Mr. Lloyd will be enabled to
turn his whole attention to the manufacture of sugar ; and soon purchase
enough cane to keep his mill in operation one-third if not one-half year.
The benefit to the people will be that numbers of persons ivho own land but
who have no mills, will be induced to plant extensively, instead of allowing
bush and trees to grow up on their large estates.
The “ Greyhound” arrived a few days ago, and brought out two steam
sugar mills intended for the farms of our enterprising fellow-citizens, Mr. Jesse
Sharp and Hon. A. Washington.
In addition to these signs of prosperity, I will briefly add the house-building
going on in every part of the country. New houses are going up at Cape
Palmas and at Sinoe. At Bassa, I hear that Edina is almost a new town, so
many buildings have recently been put up there. And in Monrovia, besides
several small frame buildings, there are going up just now four large and
capacious stone and brick buildings ; two of these are enlargements of smaller
ones. The St. Paul’s, however, surpasses every other part of the country.
In one settlement, (Clay- Ashland,) over thirty brick houses, I am informed,
have been erected in less than a year; and higher up the river, two of our
sugar planters have put up as fine country mansions as most substantial far-
mers in America would build.
You will thus see that we arc also making some progress in material mat-
ters. I hope ere long that I may speak more assuredly about literary and ed-
ucational progress. “ The Athen.ean,” I hear, has secured a reading room,
and is now waiting the journals sent for to the States. The members of this
Association desire much to erect a hall, with reading rooms, and another
room for a museum. As the country is young and poor, I hope they may be
aided by the generosity of some of your wealthy fellow-citizens.
Items of Intelligence.
Evidence of Prosperity. — The agricultural prospects of Liberia are en-
couraging. A most pleasing feature of growing wealth is the increased value
of land. In 1859 land could be easily bought on the St. Paul river at $5
and upwards. Now the value, reported by the commissioners of the statis-
tical report, is $25 per acre for land on the front tier, §20 on the second, and
$10 on the third. Uncultivated lands on front tier range from $10 upwards
per acre. Improved lands on the front tier are valued from $25 to $50 per
acre according to the kind of produce for which they are best adapted.
1864.]
ITEMS OF INTELLIGENCE.
189
Bath Colonization Society. — The Annual Meeting of the Bath (Maine)
Colonization Society, was held in the Universalist Church, at Bath, on Sun-
day evening, February 14th, Rev. H. W. Rugg delivering an address. The
audience was very large, attentive, and evidently well satisfied with their in-
tellectual entertainment. At the close of the more public exercises the An-
nual Meeting was held, when the following gentlemen were elected officers
for the year ensuing : Freeman Clark, President; Rodney Hyde, Treasurer;
E. S. J. Nealley, Secretary.
The Presidents. — Card Photographs of the Presidents of Liberia have
been prepared in Philadelphia. McAllister & Brother have published a cap-
ital likeness of Mr. Roberts; and Mr. 0. H. Willard, 1206 Chestnut street,
has just issued portaits of Mr. Benson and of Mr. Warner. The latter are
from pictures taken in Liberia. The price is eighteen cents each : upon the
receipt of which copies will be sent by mail.
An African Bishop. — Rev. Samuel Crowther"^ the successful native Afri-
can missionary, is at present in England. Arrangements are in progress for
his appointment and consecration as Bishop of the native churches in parts
of Western Africa beyond the dominions of the British crown. He will not
have jurisdiction over European missionaries. The interest of this announce-
ment is enhanced by the recollection that Samuel Crowther was once a
slave-boy, rescued by a British cruiser, and then, through divine grace, a
trophy of missionary 'teaching in Sierra Leone.
The Best Plan. — Captain Speke, the distinguished African explorer,
says, in a recent letter : “ I maintain that the slave-trade will never be put
down by vessel-hunting at sea alone. We are fruitlessly spending millions
in that way at present without any good effect, and we shall continue to do
so until the Government is enabled to see, through public opinion, that the
cheaper and surer way of gaining their point is, to assist in the development
by commercial and missionary enterprise, of the interior of Africa.” The
Captain offers five hundred dollars toward giving any missionary a start who
would go to instruct the people of the Wahuma kingdoms.
Dr. Livingstone. — The reports respecting the massacre of this distin-
guished missionary and discoverer are happily not corroborated. The British
war sloop Rapid has brought a letter from Bishop Tozer, dated at Murchison
Falls — at the Luabo mouth of the Zambesi river — on the 2 1st of December^
which states that Dr. Livingstone had come back from his expedition up the
country, and arrived at the foot of the Murchison Falls in November.
There seems to be no doubt left upon the question of his continued suc-
cess, and we may look for yet greater service from him for the church and
the world.
Natal. — The revenue is flourishing. The interest of money has been re-
duced to eight per cent, per annum. As the soil and climate are found to
190
ITEMS OF INTELLTGENXE.
[June,
suit it, tobacco is being very generally planted in all parts of the colony.
The sugar crop is expected this year to amount to 5,000 tons, so that there
will be 3,000 tons for export. The Natal Cotton Company are waiting a
supply of coolie labor from India.
'HJoKENS OP Thankfulness. — Bishop Twells, who was recently appointed to
the newly created Bishopric of the Orange Free State and Basuto Mission in
South-Africa, writes that “ he has been everywhere received with expres-
sions of thankfulness on the part of the Dutch, English, and natives.” The
English residents had contributed twenty-five hundred dollars toward the
obtaining of additional clergymen from England.
Negro Students at Rome. — On Monday, January 18, there was the an-
nual “ Accademia Poliglotta” of the students ot the Propaganda, and I
allude to it only to observe that the youths who carried off the palm were
two negroes rejoicing in the names of William Samba and John Provost.
Their delivery and action were wonderful, and called forth thunders of ap-
plause, even in a church. — London Record.
A Christian Native Village. — Rev. W. H. Tyler writes as follows : “ There
is on the Farmington River, in the Junk country, a Christian native settlement
called Mount Olive, or Christian Village, commenced by a native named Joe
Harris. He first became instrumental in the conversion of his wife, and was
baptized and received into the Church at Marshall. By the divine blessing^
the efforts of Harris, and the help of Rev. J. D. Holly, the preacher at Mar-
shall, there is now a Church and forty-five Christian native members. We
made a visit there while at Marshall, baptized nineteen, and administered the
sacrament of the Lord’s supper. 0 it was a melting time to see grown native
men and women, with their children, rejoicing in the love of God !”
Liberia Mission Conference. — The session of the Annual Conference was
held at Marshall. It commenced on the 9th of February, 1864, and lasted
five days. The statistics for 1864 are as follows:
Members, 1,351. Probationers, 142. Local Preachers, 36. Native Mem-
bers, 98. Number of Schools, 19. Officers and Teachers, 164. Scholars, 978.
Churches, 19 — probable value, $20,908. Parsonages, 5 — value $2,550. In-
fant Baptisms, 76. Adult Baptisms, 94. Deaths, 19.
Missionary to Liberia. — Rev. J. M. Rice has been appointed Missionary to-
the Lutheran Station of Muhlenburg, and is preparing to embark for his in-
teresting field of labor.
Vessel for Africa. — The “ Ocean Eagle” will sail from New York about
the 15th June next for the Western Coast of Africa. Letters for Liberia will
be forwarded if sent to this office.
64.]
RECEIPTS.
191
Arrangement Regarding Slave Traders. — It is understood that an arrange-
ment has been entered into between our Government and that of Spain, for
the purpose of rendering up slave traders who escape from Cuba to the United
States, and from the United States to Cuba.
RECEIPTS OF THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY,
From the 20'A of April, to the 2Qth of May, 1864.
MAINE.
Bath — Bath Colonization So-
ciety, Rodney Hyde, Esq.,
Treas., through Freeman
Clark, Esq., Treas. Maine
Colonization Society
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Nashua — Hillsborough Co.
Con. of Churches, per E.
S. Russell, Treas., viz :
Cong. Ch. and Soc. in Am-
herst, $15. Members of
Presb. Ch. and Soc. New
Boston, $17 22
By Rev. F. Butler, ($20 38:)
West Lebanon — Cong. Ch. and
Soc. $17 38. J. D. Hosley,
$3, which and previous
constitutes Rev. J. H. Ed-
wards a Life Member
VERMONT.
By Rev. F. Butler, ($54 50:)
Castleton — Rev. H. 0. Higley.
Cornwall — BarloNV L. Rowe..
Middlebury — Prof. R. D. C.
Robbins
Orwell — Dea. Asa Young
Swanton — Rev. John B. Perry,
which and previous consti-
tutes him a Life Member...
Royalton — Dan’l Rix, Lyman
Burbank, Geo. H. Harvey,
R. K. Dewey, ea. $2. Mar-
tin T. Skinner, J. P. Smith,
Mrs. W. D. Skinner, Mrs. J.
A. Skinner, Asahel Clark,
ea. $1. S. V. Kendall, E.
Atwood, C. Skinner, Mrs.
A.R. Mack, ea. 50 cents. M
Corbin, S. R. Williams, 0.
A. Burbank, D. W. Wells,
Levi Rex, E. Wild, ea. 25
cents
$64
00
Also, in aid of salary of Prof.
Martin H. Freeman, at Li-
beria College, viz :
Middlebury — Rev. Pres't B.
Labaree, D. D., and others.
Enosburg — George Adams....
$25 00
54 50
1 00
55 50
CONNECTICUT.
32 22
20 38
52 60
3 00
3 00
3 00
1 00
3 00
Middletown — Legacy of Mrs.
Sarah Spencer, by M. Cul-
ver, ad’r, $100, less Gov’t
tax, $5
By Rev. Dr. Orcutt, ($461 56:)
Nexo London — Mrs. M. H.
Lewis, C. A. Lewis, W. C.
Crump, A. M. Frink, Mrs. F.
Allyn, ea. $10. Mrs. Cole-
by Chew, Mrs. L. and
daughters, Dr. W. W. Cut-
ler, Benj. Stark, ea. $5.
Rev. Dr. Hallam, Mrs. T. J.
Chew, ea. $4. Miss C. E.
Rainey, $3. Mrs. Jonathan
Starr, $2. N. Belcher, $1.
Mystic — Chas. Mallory, $10.
C. H. Mallory, G. W. Mal-
lory, ea. $5. C. S. Wil-
liams, N. G. Fish, A. C.
Tift, Mrs. Asa Fish, B. F.
Palmer, James Cottrell, G.
W. Noyes, John Gallup,
Jas. Gallup, Geo. Green-
man, ea. $1. Mrs. Hannah
Ashbey, Mrs. L. Ashbey, A.
F. Young, ea. 50 cents
Norwich Town — D. W. Coit,
$10, in full to constitute
Daniel L. Coit a Life Mem-
ber
16 50
29 50
Centerville — Rev. C. W. Ever-
est
Mount Carmel — Collection in
95 00
84 00
31 50
10 00
15 CO
192
RECEIPTS.
[June, 1864.]
the Congregational Church
S14 60. James Ives, $3...
Hartford — W. P. Burrall, $10.
Prof. W. W. Hawkes, Mrs.
E. M, Jarvis, $5 each
Noricick — A. H. Hubbard,
$100. B. W. Tompkins,
$15. Wm. P. Greene, jr„
Dr. G. Osgood, ea. $10.
Mrs. J. H. Spaulding, L.
Blackstone, Cash W., ea.
$5. J. Dunham, $4. J.
Huntington, Friend, ea.
$3. Charles Spaulding,
Mrs. M. W. Rockwell, L,
W. Carroll, E. O. Abbot,
ea. $2. F. Johnson, W. P.
Eaton, ea. $1
Lyme — Mrs. J. Mather, Mrs.
F. A. Griswold, C. C. Gris-
wold, H. L. Sill, ea. $5.
Miss McCurdy, Mrs. E. M.
Moore, R. W. Griswold, ea.
$2. P. R. Noyes, Dr.
Noyes, M. Griswold, W.
Chadwick, A. Bacon, W.
P. Tucker, C. L. Peck, D.
Chadwick, E. Noyes, R.
Champion, ea. $1
.?/uc?isoK-Mrs. J.S. Wilco.x. $2.
Dr. T. S. Scranton, J. Gris-
wold, G. Dowd, M. L. Dowd,
Mrs.J.P. Cone, Mrs. F. Dowd,
A. O. Wilcox, Mrs. T.
Scranton, Mrs. E. S. Ely,
ea. $1. .Miss A. Meigs, Mrs.
T. Coe, Miss L. S. Scran-
ton, .Mrs. F. Munger, F.
Scranton, T. H. Smith, Mrs.
S. F. Willard, Mrs. A. W.
Slater, W. Chittenden, Mrs.
S. 11. Crampton, Mrs. J. F.
Smith, Mrs. E. S. Smith,
ea. 50 cents. E. Smith, 75
cents. Mrs. H. Coe, 40 cents.
Mrs. E. R. Knowles, Mrs.
T. Dudley, Mrs. H. Lee, Mrs.
B. T. Dudley, Mrs. T. Brad-
ley, each 25 cents
Guilford — Mrs. J. Tuttle, Mrs.
M. G. Chittenden, J. Mur-
roe, ea. $5. Rev. L. T.
Bennett, $2. Mrs. C. Starr,
H. Fowler, S. Graves, T,
A. Weld, ea. $1. P. Bish-
op, 50 cents
Branford — Rev. T. P. Gillett,
$9. C. H. Rodgers, E. E.
$17 60 Bishop, ea. $2. S. Beach,
$1 $14 00
Stratford — D. P. Judson 3 00
20 OD Enfield — Collection in Second
Cong. Church, (Rev. Mr.
Brigham,) $16 56. Luke
Watson, $2. Mrs. E. Wat-
son, $1 19 56
461 56
NEW JERSEY.
By Rev. Dr. Orcutt, ($55'.)
'Metuchen — Moses Webb, $50.
D. G. Thomas, $5... 55 00
170 Oo!
PENNSYLVANIA,
j By Rev. Dr. Orcutt, ($25:)
Philadelphia — Cofl&n & Alte-
mus
By Rev. B. 0. Plimpton, ($10:)
Wilminyton — Lawrence Co....
25 00
10 00
35 00
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Washington — Miscellaneous... 206 94
1 OHIO.
I By Rev. B. 0. Plimpton,{$ lo:)
30 oo' John Moore,
j Cramer Mosteller, ea. $5... 10 00
\Claridon — Mrs. P. Dimmick... 5 00
! 15 00
j MISSOURI.
\ Auburn — ^Legacy of Miss Ann
j Duff, by Thomas S. Reid,
admr., $45 ; less for ex-
change, 25c, through Rev,
John G. Miller 44 75
19 40
21 50
FOR REPOSITORY.
\ E^yio'ST^-Enosburg — Deacon
Levi Nichols, Moses Wright,
S. H. Dow, and George Ad-
ams, $1 ea. for 1864 4 00
Connecticut— Z>a^i6wrv--Mrs.
S. W. Bonney, for 1864 1 00
Maryland — Hagerstmen — Jo.
Bench, to Jan. 1, 1864, $3.
Annapolis — Dr. D. Claude,
to Jan. 1, 1864, $3 6 00
Repository 11 00
Donations 738 66
Legacies 139 75
Miscellaneous 206 94
,$1096 35
Aggregate
^11 use in Libioiy only
r.
f
1-7 v.39/40
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