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T ZEE  IE 


Yoij.  XLYII.]  WASHINGTON,  JUNE,  1871.  [No.  6. 


THE  OPPORTUNITY  OF  CHRISTIAN  MISSIONS  IN  AFRICA. 

The  Spirit  of  Missions  for  April,  the  missionary  organ  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  devotes  some  twenty  pages  to 
an  elaborate  editorial  on  “The  remarkable  condition  of  our 
African  field.”  One  at  least  of  the  leading  Missionary  Socie- 
ties— we  said  on  closing  its  perusal — is  at  length  alive  to  the 
opportunity  of  Christian  Missions  in  Africa. 

Here  is  the  first  paragraph  of  the  article,  which  well  indi- 
cates its  nature:  “The  Church  has  reached  a momentous 

epoch  in  the  history  of  her  Missionary  enterprise  in  Africa, 
and  there  is  every  prospect  that,  if  her  people  prove  themselves 
equal  to  the  occasion,  they  can  make  it  an  era  which  they  may 
ever  look  back  upon  as  one  of  the  most  glorious  in  their  Mis- 
sionary annals.” 

We  have  so  long  insisted  that  God's  set  time  to  favor  Zion 
in  Africa  has  come,  that  we  hail  this  article  with  joy.  It  is 
our  prayer  that  the  Committee  for  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
Episcopal  Church  may  fully  succeed  in  arousing  their  brethren 
to  this  “momentous  epoch  in  the  history  of  her  Missionary 
enterprise  in  Africa.” 

We  wish  to  raise  the  question,  Why  should  not  all  the  Mis- 
sionary Societies  in  this  country  and  throughout  Christendom 
turn  their  attention  anew  to  this  work?  Every  thing  now  in- 
dicates easy  and  rapid  progress,  where  heretofore  success  has 
seemed  very  difficult.  We  must  refer  to  our  pages  for  the  de- 
monstrations of  the  proposition,  that  events  in  Africa  have  at 
length  reached  the  point  of  great  encouragement. 

We  are  thankful  for  the  appreciation  of  our  work  in  Africa, 
which  we  find  incidentally  scattered  through  the  article  in  the 
Spirit  of  Missions.  We  think  that  a direct  recognition  of  our 
agency  there  would  have  been  well,  but  we  care  less  for  that 


162  THE  OPPORTUNITY  OF  CHRISTIAN  MISSIONS.  [June, 

than  for  the  facts  thus  set  forth,  that  by  some  means  Ethiopia 
is  stretching  “out  her  hands  unto  God.”  Far  be  it  from  us  to 
claim  a monopoly  of  what  has  been  already  accomplished  on 
that  Coast:  the  Missionary  Societies  have  done  nobly,  and  re- 
alized much  good.  A large  company  of  noble  Missionaries 
has  fallen  on  the  field,  in  undying  love  for  Ethiopia.  Let  not 
these  truths  be  forgotten  or  overlooked  in  the  day  which  has 
dawned,  and  which  is  sure  to  grow  brighter-  and  brighter. 

We  notice  that  the  article  already  named,  upon  the  author- 
ity of  Bishop  Payne  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Auer,  assumes  that 
white  Missionaries  have  a better  prospect  of  life  and  health  in 
“ the  hilly  interior”  than  has  been  supposed.  President  Roye 
intimates  the  same  thing.  And  it  is  well  understood  that 
parts  of  inland  Western  Africa  are  not  insalubrious;  and  that 
all  climes  improve  on  occupation  in  this  respect.  Let  us  hope 
that  these  expectations  may  be  realized. 

In  any  event  it  is  safe  to  promote  the  prevalence  of  negro 
Missionaries  and  of  Christian  negro  families  in  their  father- 
land.  There  should  be  a thousand-fold  increase  in  the  efforts 
in  this  direction.  In  emancipation  in  this  country  God  has 
given  us  the  materials  for  Missionaries,  to  whom  the  climate 
is  congenial,  and  untold  numbers  of  Christian  families,  who  are 
anxious  to  go  and  are  sure  to  be  useful. 

We  have  spoken  of  the  indirect  evidence  of  the  usefulness  of 
our  work  in  Africa,  obvious  all  through  the  able  editorial  of 
the  Spirit  of  Missions , but  can  only  briefly  point  out  a speci- 
men : “ Liberia”  has  evidently  been  the  chief  instrument  under 

God,  of  the  great  and  favorable  change  in  Western  Africa.  “ The 
neighborhood  of  Liberia,”  and  may  we  not  say,  Liberia  itself, 
has  been  the  location  of  the  successful  African  Mission  of  the 
Episcopal  Church.  The  efforts  of  “ the  Liberian  Government” 
in  exploring  and  opening  the  countries  beyond  are  recognized. 
The  influence  of  “Liberia  College”  and  its  Professors,  Blyden 
especially,  are  mentioned,  and  we  may  add  the  name  of  Presi- 
dent Roberts.  It  is  due  to  the  College  and  its  officers,  more 
than  to  all  other  human  instrumentalities  combined,  that  the 
“Mohammedans  of  the  interior”  have  been  sought  out  and 
drawn  to  Liberia. 

The  Government  of  Liberia  has  been  more  than  ever  Govern- 


1871.] 


THE  KORAN — AFRICAN  MOHAMMEDANISM. 


163 


ment  was  before — one  of  Christian  missionary  influence — as 
witness  President  Roye’s  inaugural  address  and  almost  all 
the  State  papers  for  many  years.  It  it  true  that  “the  Mission- 
ary work  in  behalf  of  the  heathen  in  Africa  may  not  be  left  to 
Liberians.  They  are  a poor  people,  and  it  is  with  difficulty 
they  can  support  the  institutions  of  religion  among  them- 
selves.” God  forbid  that  Christians  in  this  country  should 
leave  them  alone  with  this  gigantic  task.  At  the  same  time 
we  must  give  them  credit  for  having  accomplished  wonders. 
They  are  also  rapidly  improving  in  the  means  of  doing  good. 
Who  can  rightly  estimate  what  God  may  have  in  store  for 
these  poor  children  of  His  in  the  next  fifty  years  of  influence, 
when  in  the  first  half  century  they  have  gathered  into  their 
Christian  nation  some  six  hundred  thousand  of  the  natives 
of  Africa? 

We  devoutly  second  the  appeal  of  the  Spirit  of  Missions  for 
Western  Africa,  and  as  earnestly  ask  the  aid  of  all  in  pro- 
moting our  work  of  building  up  Liberia.  Its  importance  to 
Africa,  and  to  the  Missionary  Societies  in  their  work  there, 
cannot  be  exaggerated. 


THE  KORAN-AFRICAN  MOHAMMEDANISM. 

BY  PROFESSOR  TAYLER  LEWIS,  LL.  D. 

Several  months  ago  the  Rev.  Hr.  Pinney  brought  to  me  a 
manuscript  copy  of  the  Koran,  written  by  a Mandingo  negro. 
It  commenced  abruptly  with  the  XIXth  Surat , or  chapter,  but 
from  thence  continued  unbroken  to  the  end. 

It  was  very  beautifully  written,  in  the  large,  bold  hand  that 
distinguishes  the  Western  style  of  Arabic  writing,  and  bore 
quite  a strong  resemblance  to  some  of  the  older  and  more 
distinct  specimens  of  Arabic  chirography  given  in  He  Sacy’s 
Grammar.  It  had  interlined,  or  rather  between  each  verse, 
and  sometimes  between  clauses  and  single  words,  a running 
commcntar}",  in  red  ink,  and  occupying  about  as  much  space 
as  the  text.  • This  was  made  up  by  brief  extracts  from  the 
great  Koranic  commentators,  such  as  Beidhawi  and  Zamakh- 
shari.  A peculiar  feature,  however,  was  the  continual  recur- 
rence of  very  plain  grammatical  notes,  given  in  the  peculiar 
technics  of  Arabic  grammar,  but  evidently  adapted  to  young 
and  uninstructed  minds.  They  pointed  out  sometimes  the 
number  of  the  noun  or  the  object  of  the  verb,  and  very  frequently 
the  meaning  of  the  more  learned  or  less  known  words.  The 
inference  from  this  was,  that  it  had  been  transcribed  from  some 


164  THE  KORAN — AFRICAN  MOHAMMEDANISM.  [June, 

copy  much  used  in  schools.  Dr.  Pinney  thought  it  had  been 
written  from  memory.  This  would  seem  hardly  possible;  and 
yet  the  wonder  is  much  diminished  by  what  we  are  told  of 
Mohammedan  teachers,  some  of  whom  have  read  and  recited 
the  Koran  hundreds  and  even  thousands  of  times.  There 
could  be  no  doubt,  however,  of  its  having  been  written  in  Libe- 
ria, in  a very  rapid  manner,  and  by  one  removed  from  aids  he 
might  have  had  in  his  native  home.  The  very  appearance  of 
this  curious  volume  gave  evidence  of  the  way  in  which  it  had 
been  made  up;  for  it  was  nothing  more,  externally,  than  a 
coarse  folio  ledger,  like  those  employed  in  the  custom-house, 
and  furnished  to  the  native  scribe  for  this  particular  service. 

I could  not  help  feeling  a wonderful  interest  in  this  strange 
book.  It  seemed  like  a stream  of  light  coming  from  one  of  the 
darkest  places  of  the  earth,  as  many  in  their  ignorance  have 
regarded  it.  This  single  volume,  thus  constructed,  brought 
evidence  of  many  other  things  along  with  it.  It  told  us  of  re- 
ligion. where  we  had  thought  tncre  existed  only. the  grossest 
forms  of  Fetish  idolatry  ; for  the  most  orthodox  Christian  need 
not  hesitate  to  say  that  Mohammedanism  is  religion,  pure  re- 
ligion, as  far  as  it  goes.  The  Koran  is  a very  devout  book. 
There  appears  everywhere  in  it  the  Yirath  Jehowah,  or  religion 
in  its  pure  primary  etymological  idea,  as  “ the  fear  of  the  Lord 
is  the  beginning  of  wisdom.”  Besides  its  pure  monotheistic  as- 
pect, Mohammedanism  is  eminently  a religion  of  prayer,  though 
lacking  the  Christian  idea  of  a divine  human  mediatorship. 
God,  as  law-giver,  as  judge,  as  an  ever-watchful  providence, 
never  losing  sight  of  individuals  or  nations,  appears  on  almost 
every  page  of  the  Koran.  It  represents  him  as  the  executor 
of  a stern  retribution,  and  yet  as  exhibiting  a melting  tender- 
ness, that  reminds  us  of  the  strong  contrasts  of  the  Hebrew 
prophets.  In  short,  there  are  to  be  found  in  it,  most  power- 
fully expressed,  those  fearful  aspects  of  religion,  which  give  to 
the  more  loving  attributes  of  Deity  their  most  precious  value, 
but  which  seem  to  be  losing  their  dread  conservative  force, 
even  in  what  we  call  our  “ evangelical  theology.”  The  resur- 
rection, the  great  and  final  judgment,  the  doom  of  the  wicked — 
it  would  be  difficult  to  find  language  stronger  than  that  in 
which  the  Koran  sets  forth  these,  whilst  ever  holding  up  the 
thoughts  of  a particular  providence,  and  of  a retribution  that 
never  slumbers,  even  in  this  world.  A thing,  however,  to  be 
especially  noted,  is  the  strong  contrast  it  seems  fond  of  present- 
ing between  the  present  and  future  life;  although  its  pictures 
of  the  latter  may  be  justly  blamed  as  having  too  much  of  a 
sensual  aspect.  This  contrast  appears  in  the  very  names  so 
oft  occuring.  The  present  world  is  dunya , the  near , the  mean , 
the  inferior  ; it  is  ajelun,  the  hastening , transient , swiftly  passing 


1871.] 


THE  KORAN — AFRICAN  MOHAMMEDANISM. 


165 


away ; the  life  to  come  (the  acherat,  or  after  state)  is  chuldun , 
the  abiding , the  perennial,  the  eternal. 

We  may,  as  Christians,  fearlessly  admit  those  excellencies 
of  the  Koran,  when  we  call  to  mind  an  important,  and  even 
essential,  distinction  between  it  and  other  books  called 
sacred,  which  some  are  fond  of  placing  in  parallelism  with  the 
Christian  Scriptures.  The  Koran  is  a reflection  of  the  Bible; 
it  is  grounded  on  the  old  Testament  Scriptures ; it  would  never 
have  been,  had  not  Judaism  and  Christianity  been  before  it. 
It  professes  to  be  a revival  of  the  grand  old  patriarchal  or 
Abrahamic  worship.  It  might  almost  be  called  an  apocryphal 
book  of  the  Bible,  ranking  among  writings  which  we  esteem 
most  valuable  or  even  sacred,  and  having  a reflection,  as  it 
were,  of  the  Bible  inspiration,  though  we  cannot  regard  them 
as  canonical,  or  possessed  of  the  same  Christ-sanctioned  au- 
thority. The  Koran  admits  the  divine  authority  of  the  Scrip- 
tures, both  New  and  Old.  It  speaks  not  only  reverently,  but 
tenderly  and  lovingly,  of  Jesus,  or  “ Isa  ben  Maryam , the 
“Word  of  Truth,”  as  it  calls  him,  (Surat  xix,  35;)  and  it  is 
only  in  some  few  places  of  the  latter  chapters  that  there  is 
anything  inconsistent  with  this  spirit.  Throughout  the  better 
part  of  the  book  the  Kafirs , who  are  to  be  forced  into  truth  by 
the  sword,  are  the  unclean  and  bloody  Pagan  idolaters. 

Belief  in  Mohammedanism  furnishes  a more  encouraging 
basis  for  missionary  effort  than,  can  be  found  among  the  fol- 
lowers of  the  worn-out  religions  of  Brahma,  Buddha,  and  Con- 
fucius. The  very  fact  that  the  Koranic  religion  is  sharply 
controversial  is  an  evidence  of  its  vitality.  It  has  something 
to  contend  for,  and  we  ought  to  esteem  it  the  more  highly  on 
that  very  account.  It  is  better  to  meet  the  zealous  Islamite 
in  this  way  than  to  encounter  the  meaningless  pantheism  of 
the  Hindu,  who  has  lately  been  so  much  applauded  by  his  fel- 
low Norlhingarians  in  England,  or  the  stolid  indifference  of 
the  Chinese,  who  says : “Oar  Josh,  your  Josh  ; your  Josh  for 
you,  our  Josh  for  us;  all  very  good  Josh.”  A contest  with  a 
religion  that  has  such  a living  basis  to  it,  however  erroneous 
or  deficient  we  may  esteem  it,  is  all  the  more  hopeful  in  the 
end ; and,  for  his  own  soul’s  health,  the  missionary  might  well 
prefer  these  Koran-taught  Mandingo  negroes,  as  his  field  of 
labor,  to  the  conscience-deadened  inhabitants  of  Thibet,  China, 
or  Japan. 

The  contrast  between  the  religions  is  not  greater  than  that 
between  the  books  by  which  they  are  represented.  Take  the 
cold  abstractions,  the  dry  mysticism,  the  thin  philosophisms, 
which  are  held  up  to  our  admiration  from  the  Hindoo  books, 
whatever  may  be  their  date,  or  the  poor  barren  worldliness, 
which  is  all  that  we  get  from  the  best  selections  made  from 
the  writings  of  Confucius;  compare  them  with  the  glowing 


166  THE  KORAN — AFRICAN  MOHAMMEDANISM.  [June, 

devotion,  the  sublime  earnestness,  the  pure,  distinct,  and  lofty 
theism,  of  the  Koran,  and  we  cease  to  wonder  at  the  facts  of 
its  triumph  wherever  it  met  those  lifeless  creeds.  It  was  not 
from  age  alone  that  they  were  powerless;  but  because  they 
never  had  in  them  that  strong  conservative  element  which  dis- 
tinguishes the  Christian,  Jewish,  and  Mohammedan  theism; 
in  other  words,  “ the  fear  of  the  Lord,”  the  a we  of  a holy,  per- 
sonal, retributive,  sin-hating,  right-loving  God.  We  thus  un- 
derstand, too,  why  it  is  that  Mohammedanism  has  so  much 
vigor  at  the  present  day. 

The  Koran  is,  indeed,  a wonderful  book.  As  a short,  yet 
convincing  proof  of  this,  I would  refer  the  reader  to  an  admi- 
rable article  by  Prof.  Blyden,  of  Liberia  College,  in  the  Janu- 
ary number  of  the  Methodist  Quarterly  Review .*  It  gives  a 
remarkably  clear  and  striking  account  of  African  Moham- 
medanism. Taken  in  connection  with  another  article  on  the 
same  subject,  and  for  the  same  Quarterly , written  a number  of 
years  ago,  by  Prof.  Dwight,  of  Brooklyn,  it  deserves  the 
thorough  and  respectful  study  of  all  Christian  scholars.  They 
would  make  us  ashamed,  as  we  ought  to  be,  of  that  vile  preju- 
dice against  the  negro  which  still  possesses  the  minds  of  so 
many,  even  among  those  who  claim  to  be  his  friend.  A special 
value,  however,  of  this  well-written  article  of  Prof.  Blyden 
(himself  a colored  manf)  is  the  intelligent  and  scholarly  testi- 
mony it  bears  to  the  literary  excellence  of  the  Koran. 

Another  Mandingo  Arabic  manuscript,  in  the  style  with 
that  of  the  Koran  first  mentioned,  has  been  printed  from  pho- 
tographic plates,  through  the  liberality  of  Hon.  H.  M.  Scbieffelin, 
of  New  York,  and  generously  sent  to  persons  interested  in  such 
studies.  It  is  a letter  from  the  King  of  Musardu,  a town  far  in 
the  interior,  to  the  President  of  Liberia,  and  written  by  the 
negro  schoolmaster  of  the  place.  It  possesses  a similar  inter- 
est in  respect  to  its  chirography,  the  religious  feeling  it 
occasionally  exhibits,  and  its  Koranic  references.  Its  frequent 
blessings  and  invocations  may  be  as  serious,  or  they  may  be  as 
formal,  as  the  reciprocal  salutations  of  Boaz  and  his  reapers, 
Ruth  ii,  4;  but  they  indicate  what  may  he  called  the  commu- 
nal religious  interest,  stereotyped,  it  may  be  into  formalism, 
yet  showing  an  original  source  once  warm  with  religious  zeal, 
and  still  preserving  a measure  of  at  least  social  vitality. 
Another  interest  of  this  letter  is  in  the  glimpse  it  gives  us  of 
Mandingo  literature,  as  shown  by  its  citations  from  the  Maka- 
mat , or  seances,  of  Hariri,  the  most  renowned,  perhaps,  among 
the  choice  Arabian  classics. — The  Independent. 


* Republished  in  the  African  Repository  for  May,  1871. 

f I am  almost  ashamed  to  say  this,  even  in  a parenthesis.  It  has  too  much  the  look 
of  a sort  of  patronizing  condescension,  or  of  making  a wonder  of  what  should  be  no 
wonder  at  all.  There  is  no  such  thing  as  color  in  the  literary  world.  There  are,  how- 
ever, certain  readers  for  whose  information  it  was  thought  best  to  let  it  stand. 


1871.] 


ARABIC  MANUSCRIPT. 


167 


ARABIC  MANUSCRIPT. 

WRITTEN  “CURRENTS  OALAMO,”  BY  AN  AFRICAN  MANDINGO. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Hon.  H.  Maunsdell  Schieffelin,  of 
New  York,  we  are  able  to  furnish  our  readers  with  a specimen 
of  this  manuscript. 


168 


VISIT  TO  SIERRA  LEONE. 


[June, 


From  the  New  York  Evangelist. 

VISIT  TO  SIERRA  LEONE. 

The  following  sketch  of  a visit  to  this  English  Colony  on 
the  West  Coast  of  Africa  is  from  the  pen  of  Prof.  E.  W.  Blyden, 
of  Liberia  College.  What  hopes  does  it  excite  for  that  great 
dark  Continent,  which  may  yet  be  penetrated  by  the  light  of 
Learning  and  Beligion  ? 

Monday , January  9,  1871. — Left  the  warf  at  Monrovia  for 
the  steamship  Calabar.  On  arriving  on  board,  I found  very  few 
passengers,  among  them  Charles  Livingstone,  Esq.,  brother  of 
the  great  traveler,  and  a Spanish  gentleman  from  Fernando 
Po.  Mr.  Livingstone  is  proceeding  to  Madeira,  to  spend  the 
winter  there  for  his  health.  The  Spanish  gentleman  is  going 
to  Teneriffe,  to  take  the  steamer  there  for  Cadiz.  My  seat  at 
the  table  was  assigned  me  next  to  the  Spaniard.  As  soon  as 
he  found  out  that  I could  speak  Spanish,  he  was  delighted. 
He  said  his  tongue  was  now  unsealed.  He  kept  by  me  con- 
stantly, telling  me  about  the  condition  of  Fernando  Po,  where 
he  had  been  residing  as  a Government  official  for  thirteen 
months.  We  left  Monrovia  at  111  o’clock  j at  half  past  four  we 
were  opposite  Cape  Mount. 

Tuesday , January  10. — I awoke  this  morning  a little  nauseous, 
but  not  sea-sick.  Had  pleasant  weather.  At  four  o’clock  in 
the  afternoon  saw  the  Sierra  Leone  light-house,  and  at  six 
we  anchored.  I landed  at  6?  o’clock,  1 was  stopped  at  the 
landing  by  the  custom-house  officer,  who  examined  my  baggage, 
after  which,  under  the  guidance  of  C.  T.  O.  King,  Esq.,  I went 
to  a house  in  Westmoreland  street,  where  a number  of  persons 
kept  coming  in  to  see  us  until  a late  hour. 

Wednesday , January  11. — This  morning  called  upon  the  Gov- 
ernor-in-Chief;  was  kindly  received  by  his  Excellency,  and 
the  lately  arrived  Bishop  Cheetham  and  his  lady.  The  Gov- 
ernor, Sir  Arthur  Kennedy,  was  remarkably  polite  and  kind 
to  me.  Both  he  and  the  Bishop  were  very  free  in  conver- 
sation with  me.  The  Bishop  inquired  particularly  for  Prof. 
Crummell,  who  he  said  was  at  Cambridge  with  him  in  1853,  and 
for  whom,  when  he  was  in  England,  he  entertained  a high 
regard.  After  leaving  the  Governor’s,  I called  upon  Bev.  James 
Quaker,  at  the  Grammar  school,  of  which  he  is  Principal.  He 
invited  me  to  come  and  spend  a week  with  him.  After  leaving 
the  Grammar  school,  I went  to  the  Post-office.  On  my  way 
thence  I met  a learned  Mandingo,  very  black,  who  spoke 
Arabic  fluently.  He  was  quite  surprised  at  my  speaking  it. 
He  asked  me  where  I learned  it.  I told  him  principally  from 
books,  but  that  I had  spent  three  months  in  the  East.  He  fol- 


1871.] 


VISIT  TO  SIERRA  LEONE. 


169 


lowed  me  to  my  rooms,  and  we  had  a very  interesting  time  to- 
gether. He  told  me  that  he  had  himself  traveled  as  far  as  Egypt 
and  Jerusalem — “ Beni  Israel ” as  he  called  the  Holy  City.  He 
spoke  of  the  Mosque  of  Omar  and  the  Mosque  El-Aksa.  After 
he  left,  my  fame  went  abroad  as  an  Arabic  scholar,  (an  alleged 
philological  eminence  which  I sometimes  regretted,  though  in 
some  instances  it  was  of  great  service  to  me,  and  perhaps  to 
the  cause  of  truth.)  In  the  evening  a young  man  of  Aku 
parentage,  who  spoke  Arabic  fluently,  called  upon  me.  He 
was  born  in  Sierra  Leone,  but  has  traveled  in  the  interior  as 
far  as  Futa.  He  sat  with  me  about  one  hour,  conversing  and 
reading  Arabic. 

Thursday , 12. — To-day  called  upon  the  Chief  Justice  at  the 
Barracks,  who  received  me  very  courteously.  He  is  a 
large,  burly  Englishman.  He  said  he  had  been  in  the  Colony 
four  j'ears,  and  had  not  had  one  day's  illness;  that  he  had  ab- 
stained altogether  from  the  use  of  brandy,  &c. 

Friday , 13. — To-day  spent  most  of  the  day  at  home,  pre- 
paring to  Hecture  this  evening.  At  7 o’clock  p.  m.  a number 
of  gentlemen  called  to  accompany  me  to  the  lecture.  They 
sold  tickets — price  sixpence  each.  The  Court  Hall  was  nearly 
crowded.  I lectured  on  “Mohammedanism  in  Western  Af- 
rica.” There  were  two  learned  Mohammedans  present,  and 
they  seemed  quite  interested,  as  they  understood  both  the 
English  and  my  Arabic  quotations  and  recitations  from  the 
Koran. 

Saturday , 14. — After  breakfast  I walked  out  to  visit  the 
market,  which  is  unusually  full  and  crowded  on  Saturdays. 
I saw  hundreds  of  people  from  the  neighboring  villages  selling. 
Soon  aften  my  return  home,  the  Kev.  Mr.  Micklethwaite, 
(white,)  of  the  Free  Methodist  Church,  called  upon  me  to  invite 
me  to  preach.  But  I could  not  accept,  as  I had  promised  to  go 
to  the  Cathedral  to  hear  the  new  Bishop.  After  Mr.  Mickle- 
thwaite left,  Mr.  Lumpkin  called  to  thank  me  for  my  lecture 
of  the  previous  evening. 

Sunday , 15. — This  morning  I was  invited  by  Mr.  Moses  Boyle, 
who  is  lately  from  Europe,  and  recently  married  to  Miss  Pratt, 
to  accompany  him  and  his  lady  to  the  Cathedral,  and  dine  with 
them  after  service.  The  Bishop  preached  an  eloquent  and 
earnest  sermon  from  Isaiah  LI:  4,  5,  6,  7,  8.  The  Boyles  were 
both  brought  up  in  England,  and,  being  wealthy,  can  afford  to 
indulge  those  tastes  which  they  acquired  abroad.  Mrs.  Boyle 
gave  us  some  sacred  music  after  dinner.  Everything  about 
their  house  and  bearing  reminded  me  of  English  families  of 
the  middle  class.  The  young  people,  who  are  returning  from 
Europe,  are  forming  quite  an  interesting  society  here.  Some 
of  the  Akus  are  very  rich. 


170 


VISIT  TO  SIERRA  LEONE. 


[June, 


Monday , 16. — This  morning  I transferred  myself  and  young 
Warner,  my  protege,  to  the  Grammar  school.  I an  now  com- 
fortably, or  rather  congenially,  located,  with  a large  library 
around  me  and  a learned  negro  to  converse  with.  Mr.  Quaker 
was  born  in  Sierra  Leone,  of  native  parents,  and  educated 
partly  at  Fourah  Bay,  under  Rev.  E.  Jones,  and  partly  in  Eng- 
land. He  has  been  in  charge  of  the  Grammar  school  for 
twenty  years,  and  has  turned  out,  he  informed  me,  over  a 
thousand  scholars.  He  now  has  about  one  hundred  pupils — 
all,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  pure  negroes;  and  a more  or- 
derly school,  and  a more  intelligent  and  sprightly  set  of  boys, 
I never  saw. 

Tuesday , 17. — Last  night  I lectured  on  my  travels  in  Egypt. 

About  10  o’clock  a.  m.  I took  young  H , a Liberian,  on 

board  the  Governor’s  new  yacht,  the  Sherbro.  We  were  very 
kindly  received  on  board,  and  shown  all  over  the  vessel  by  the 
officer  in  command.  All  the  wood-work  is  mahogany.  She 
cost  eighteen  thousand  pounds  to  build  and  fit  her  out,  and  her 
yearly  expenses  are  five  thousand  pounds.  She  is  fitted  up 
with  every  possible  convenience,  and  even  luxury.  The  officer, 
having  hospitably  entertained  us,  invited  us  to  go  ashore  in 
his  gig  or  life-boat;  and  he  accompanied  us.  We  passed  a 
large  French  ship,  on  the  deck  of  which  we  saw  a bright-eyed 
French  girl,  the  captain’s  daughter.  Her  father  was  not  on 
board.  But  the  officer  in  our  boat  wanted  to  leave  a message 
with  her  for  her  father.  He  could  not  speak  a word  of  French, 
aud  she  could  not  understand  a word  of  English.  They  tried 
for  some  time  to  make  each  other  understand.  At  length  the 
officer  turned  to  me  in  his  dilemma  and  said,  “Ho  you  speak 
French?”  I then  came  to  the  rescue,  and  helped  both  him 
and  the  young  lady. 

Wednesday , 18. — Last  night  I went  to  tea  with  the  family 
of  Rev.  Mr.  Smith,  where  I met  two  white  Methodist  ministers, 
young  men  fresh  from  the  schools  in  England.  The  evening 
was  spent  in  theological  discussions — not  polemically,  but  phil- 
ologically.  This  morning  after  breakfast  I walked  out  for 
exercise,  and  met  a tall,  portly  Mandingo,  with  flowing  robe 
of  spotless  white,  followed  by  a train  of  carriers,  bearing  hides. 
I went  up  and  saluted  him  in  Arabic.  He  looked  at  me  with 
an  air  of  surprise,  and  for  a few  seconds  made  me  no  reply. 
I addressed  him  again.  He  asked,  “ Where  did  you  learn 
Arabic?”  I told  him.  I asked  him  where  he  was  from  ? He 
replied  Timbuctu  (Timbuctoo).  I asked  him  if  he  knew  Kan- 
kan,  and  Musardu,and  Madina.  He  says  yes — that  he  some- 
times went  to  Musardu  to  trade;  and  he  pointed  to  persons 
among  his  followers  from  different  towns  in  the  interior. 

On  my  return  home,  took  luncheon;  after  which,  accom- 


1871.] 


VISIT  TO  SIERRA  LEONE. 


171 


panied  by  Mr.  Quaker,  I took  a boat  and  went  down  to  Fou- 
rah  Bay  to  visit  the  College.  The  building  is  large  and  com- 
modious. fully  as  large  as  any  college  building  I have  seen  in 
England  or  America.  We  walked  back  to  Freetown,  and  on 
our  way  we  passed  through  the  Mohammedan  town,  where  I 
was  introduced  to  the  priest  or  Imam.  He  was  surrounded 
with  manuscripts.  He  received  me  with  great  dignity.  I 
introduced  a conversation  in  Arabic.  And  he  replied  and 
spoke,  to  my  surprise,  of  letters  and  the  news  of  the  day.  A 
crowd  gathered  around,  and  as  I spoke  they  seemed  quite 
pleased,  and  gave  loud  assent  to  some  of  my  remarks  when- 
ever they  understood  them.  After  we  left  the  town,  Quaker 
said  to  me  that  he  believed  God  had  prepared  me  for  a work 
at  Sierra  Leone  in  connection  with  Fourah  Bay  College,  to 
train  the  young  men  for  work  among  the  Mohammedans.  He 
said  I had  no  proper  field  in  Liberia  just  now;  that  at  Fourah 
Bay  I could  be  training  teachers  and  ministers  to  go  into  all 
parts  of  Africa.  He  and  several  of  the  native  clergymen  are 
anxious  that  I should  come  up  here.  I think  myself  that  up 
here  the  field  in  which  I might  labor  is  more  immediate  and 
pressing;  and  then  here  I should  be  surrounded  by  co-laborers 
who  are  interested  in  the  up-building  of  the  race. 

On  returning  from  the  Mohammedan  town  we  visited  the 
Girls’  Institution,  a splendid  building.  It  is  under  the  con- 
trol of  a very  intelligent  and  energetic  English  lady,  Miss 
Thomas.  She  has  forty-nine  girls,  all  natives,  of  whom  only 
ten  are  day  scholars — the  rest  board  in  tbe  Institution.  We 
left  the  girls’  school  about  five,  and  I had  to  hasten  home  to 
prepare  to  go  to  a dinner  given  for  me  by  Mr.  Douglas,  a West 
Indian  negro,  who  desired  to  do  me  honor.  It  was  10  o’clock, 
when  I got  away  from  the  dinner.  Bev.  Mr.  Duport,  of  the 
Pongas  Mission,  also  a West  Indian,  presided. 

Friday , 20. — This  morning  I went  to  the  Grammar  school 
to  address  the  boys.  There  were  ninety  odd  present.  I made 
an  address  to  them  of  about  twenty  minutes.  Mr.  Quaker 
conducted  the  religious  exercises.  He  prayed  fervently  that 
God  would  open  the  way  for  me  to  come  to  Fourah  Bay,  and 
after  my  address  he  told  the  boys  that  it  was  probable  I would 
come  up  to  Fourah  Bay  as  professor  of  Oriental  languages. 
They  all  seemed  quite  pleased  at  the  idea.  At  11  o’clock  I 
called  upon  the  Governor  to  bid  him  good-bye.  He  said  he 
regretted  he  had  not  been  able  to  see  more  of  me  while  in  the 
colony.  He' entered  into  a long  discussion  about  Mohamme- 
danism. 

At  five  o’clock  I left  the  house  for  the  steamer.  I was  at- 
tended by  Bev.  Messrs.  Quaker  and  J.  C.  Taylor,  of  the  Niger. 
We  weighed  anchor  about  2 o’clock  on  Saturday  morning,  and 
arrived  at  Monrovia  Sunday  morning  at  7 o’clock. 


172 


LIBERIA  AS  I SAW  IT. 


[June, 


LIBERIA  AS  I SAW  IT. 

Such  is  the  title  of  a lecture  lately  delivered  with  much  ac- 
ceptance in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  by  Edward  S.  Morris, 
Esq.,  an  active  young  Christian  gentleman  and  devoted  friend 
of  Africa,  residing  in  that  city.  We  give  a few  extracts: 

I said  to  myself,  Go  to  Africa;  see  it  with  your  own  eyes; 
report  it  with  your  own  heart ; and,  trusting  in  our  Heavenly 
Father’s  care,  I went — not,  however,  for  fame  or  riches,  but 
from  the  two-fold  wish  to  assist  in  the  elevation  of  an  unfor- 
tunate race,  and  the  development  of  the  agricultural,  manu- 
facturing, and  mercantile  resources  of  Liberia.  I respectfully 
ask  your  attention,  then,  to  Liberia,  as  the  colored  man’s 
natural  and  peaceful  home;  Liberia,  as  one  of  the  recoguized 
Christian  nations  of  the  earth;  Liberia,  as  an  inviting  field 
for  every  merchant;  Liberia,  as  the  golden  gate  to  the  interior 
of  Africa — the  ripe  field  for  Christian  missions. 

Where  is  Liberia?  What  is  she  to-day,  and  what  of  her 
future  ? Liberia  is  located  on  the  West  Coast  of  Africa,  having 
an  ocean  front  of  some  six  hundred  miles.  This  territory  has 
been  purchased  in  more  than  twenty  different  treaties,  and, 
after  the  manner  of  Wm.  Penn,  without  compulsion  from  the 
natives.  New  acquisitions  are  made  continually,  and  I ven- 
ture to  assert,  that  the  child  is  now  living  who  will  hear  and 
talk  about  the  United  States  of  Africa.  Liberia  is  a fixed 
nationality,  a complete  and  independent  sovereignty  of  ne- 
groes, and  a success. 

On  my  leaving  that  country,  homeward  bound,  the  late  Abra- 
ham Hanson,  Esq.,  American  Minister  Kesident  at  Monrovia, 
placed  in  my  hands  a letter,  from  which  the  following  is  taken  : 

“When  3'ou  reach  the  United  States,  and  begin  to  narrate 
to  the  people  of  color  your  experience  and  observations  in  Li- 
beria, tell  them,  if  you  please,  for  me,  that  it  is  not  in  words  to 
set  forth  adequately  all  the  peculiar  advantages  and  blessings 
of  this  good  land.  Ask  them  to  read  Deuteronomy  viii.  7-10, 
as  bearing,  at  least,  a general  application  to  this  luxuriant 
heritage.”  I will  read  them:  “For  the  Lord  bringeth  thee 

into  a good  land — a land  of  brooks  of  water,  of  fountains,  and 
depths  that  spring  out  of  valleys  and  hills — a land  of  wheat 
and  barley,  and  vines,  and  fig-trees  and  pomegranates — a land 
of  oil-olive  and  honey — a land  wherein  thou  shalt  eat  bread 
without  scarceness  ; thou  shalt  not  lack  anything  in  it ; a land 
whose  stones  are  iron,  and  out  of  whose  hills  thou  mayest  dig 
brass.” 

The  population  of  Liberia,  including  the  aboriginal  inhabit- 
ants, is  about  six  hundred  thousand,  including  thousands  of 
natives  who  have  become  civilized  and  enlightened,  and  who 
are  enjoying  the  blessings  of  cultivated  life,  under  a govern- 


1871.] 


LIBERIA  AS  I SAW  IT. 


173 


ment  of  their  own,  with  the  English  Bible  in  their  hands  and 
schools,  and  speaking  the  English  language.  In  a message  to 
the  Liberian  Legislature,  President  Warner  said:  “There  are 
in  these  forests  men  of  royal  blood,  and  with  minds  susceptible 
of  the  most  exalted  ideas  of  systematic  and  well-balanced 
government  ; and  by  a proper  appreciation  of  them,  they  could 
be  made  to  sustain  to  us  a much  nearer  and  dearer  relation 
than  that  of  mere  contributors  to  our  treasury.  No  desire  to 
exterminate  these  people  and  aggrandize  their  territory 
brought  us  here.  They  are  our  brethren — deluded  though 
they  often  appear;  and  our  Constitution  expressly  declares, 
that  their  improvement  is  a cherished  object  of  this  Govern- 
ment. They  are  willing  to  assist  us,  and  when  they  shall  have 
been  convinced  that  the  civilization,  of  which  the  Republic  is 
the  nucleus,  must  spread  far  and  wide  over  this  continent,  en- 
lightening and  refining  its  inhabitants,  and  raising  them  in  the 
scale  of  being;  that  it  is  a work  designed  by  the  Almighty 
Himself,  and  cannot  be  stayed,  I am  sure  they  will  become 
willing  co-adjutors.” 

In  my  daiiy  intercourse  with  the  Americo-Liberians,  I found 
such  an  amount  of  intelligence  and  refinement  as  to  make  me 
forgetful  of  all  difference  of  color.  Liberia  has  its  roll  of  states- 
men, orators,  poets,  and  scholars.  At  Monrovia,  I dined  with 
a citizen  of  Liberia — a gentleman  in  its  broadest  sense — a man 
as  dark  in  color  as  a coal-mine,  with  woolly  hair,  flat  nose, 
and  thick  lips.  This  man,  my  respected  hearers,  is  a teacher 
of  the  Arabic  language,  and  a superior  Hebrew,  Latin,  and 
Greek  scholar.  Never  shall  I forget  the  sweet  Sabbath  morn 
when  I sat  in  his  church  at  Monrovia,  and  saw  him  baptize 
his  own  child,  and  heard  him  with  powerful,  convincing  elo- 
quence, preach  an  appropriate  sermon. 

“Liberia  as  1 saw  it.”  How  did  I see  it,  and  how  do  I yet 
see  it  ? In  this  way  Liberia  will  fulfill  her  mission  in  its  broad- 
est sense;  I say  in  its  broadest  sense  ! Is  it  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  rich  treasures  of  her  soil  ? No.  Is  it  in  the  value 
of  her  great  timber  forests?  No.  Is  it  in  her  growing  com- 
merce ? No.  Is  it  in  the  absorption  of  the  mighty  hosts  of 
human  beings  now  engaged  in  worshiping  “gods  many,  and  lords 
many?”  Yes.  And  what  will  that  absorption  produce?  Let 
the  freedmen  of  our  southern  States  answer  that  question,  and 
at  the  same  time  receive  my  dearest  thought,  as  I whisper  to 
them,  “Return  to  Africa,  as  the  dove  to  the  ark,  bearing  the 
evergreen  of  peace,  telling  of  the  good  tidings  of  great  joy  to 
all  her  people,  the  sign  whereof  being  of  Him  who  was  found 
wrapped  in  swaddling  clothes,  and  lying  in  a manger.”  I 
look  upon  every  school-house  in  our  South  as  so  many  recruit- 
ing agents,  and  every  Bible  class  as  the  growing  olive  branch, 
which  is  to  give  peace  to  a troubled  continent. 


174  REMARKABLE  CONDITION  OF  OUR  AFRICAN  FIELD.  [June, 

REMARKABLE  CONDITION  OF  OUR  AFRICAN  FIELD. 

Oar  Church  began  her  missionary  work  in  Africa,  of  neces- 
sity, upon  the  coast.  It  was  then  the  only  part  of  the  country 
accessible.  For  years  her  Missionaries  have  labored  there 
under  peculiar  hindrances,  and  discouragements.  The  con- 
tributions of  the  Church  at  home  have  been  meagre.  The 
number  of  white  Missionaries  in  the  field  has  not  averaged 
more  than  two.  The  natives  whom  the  Missionaries  have  been 
able  to  reach  have  been  those  who  were  exposed  to  the  cor- 
rupting influences  of  evil-disposed  adventurers  ; and,  above  all, 
the  miasmatic  influences  arising  from  a humid  atmosphere,  a 
high  temperature,  and  a rank  vegetation,  ha^e  prostrated  the 
energies  of  the  Missionary  force,  and  thinned  their  ranks  by 
death. 

What  the  friends  of  African  Missions  have  long  prayed  for  has 
been  a field  for  operation  free  from  these  peculiar  hindrances. 
The  high  interior  country  has  been  the  land  of  their  hopes. 
The  farthest  point  hitherto  occupied  is  Bolden  Station,  a high 
point  on  the  upper  waters  of  the  Cavalla  river.  Want  of  men 
has  prevented  the  missionary  work  there  from  being  pushed 
as  the  opening  demanded.  It  is  hoped  that  the  facts  which 
are  now  to  be  presented  will  awaken  such  an  interest  in  Af- 
rica, as  will  enable  the  Committee  not  only  to  press  this  cher- 
ished enterprise,  but  to  begin  others  in  the  high  land  farther 
interior,  which  until  recently  has  been  a terra  incognita , but  is 
now  in  the  providence  of  God,  who  always  rewards  the  spirit 
which  works  while  it  waits,  thrown  open  to  our  Church. 

This  opening  is  sojlarge  and  free,  and  it  is  presented  under  cir- 
cumstances of  such  extraordinary  interest,  that  the  Foreign 
Committee,  after  deep  consideration,  are  resolved  to  enter  it 
and  begin  a vigorous  effort  there,  unless  it  shall  prove  that  the 
policy  of  the  Church  is  to  be  one  of  retreat  and  languor,  and 
that  they  appeal  in  vain  for  money  and  men  for  this  great 
work. 

But  why  should  not  such  a remarkable  condition  of  affairs 
as  is  presented  stir  our  Church  to  the  depth  of  her  being, 
kindle  a universal  enthusiasm,  and  bow  the  hearts  of  her  peo- 
ple, as  the  heart  of  one  man,  in  gratitude  to  God  that  it  has 
pleased  Him  to  favor  His  Church  with  such  an  opportunity, 
and  in  prayer  that  His  people  may  have  strength  and  power 
to  use  it  rightly  ? 

Spread  out  before  the  Church  is  a country  of  considerable 
elevation,  comparative  salubrity,  and  exceeding  beauty,  diver- 
sified with  hills  and  valleys,  rich  in  its  mineral  and  agricultural 
products,  irrigated,  says  one  traveler,  by  beautiful  streams  of 
water,  which  would  apparently  give  life  to  the  dead  by  their 
exhilarating  coolness  and  purity. 


1871.] 


GREAT  OPENINGS  PRESENTED. 


175 


The  tribes  of  this  interior  region  are  larger  than  those  upon 
the  coast,  and  exercise  their  power  and  influence  over  corres- 
ponding areas  of  county,  an  important  fact  in  view  of  Mis- 
sionary enterprise.  They  are  free  to  a degree  from  the  petty 
jealousies  and  rivalries  which  characterize  the  smaller  tribes 
bordering  the  Atlantic  and  prevent  free  travel  and  extended 
intercourse. 

Its  inhabitants  are  people  of  manly  presence,  full  of  enter- 
prise and  intelligence,  bent  on  bettering  their  condition,  and 
ready  to  receive  improvement  from  any  source — from  Moham- 
medanism on  the  East,  or  from  Christianity  on  the  West. 

And  now,  to  the  shame  of  the  Christian  Church,  there  is  a 
probability  that  the  Crescent,  and  not  the  Cross,  will  be  planted 
upon  the  Coast  of  Western  Africa. — Spirit  of  Missions  for  April. 


GREAT  OPENINGS  PRESENTED. 

The  following  earnest  letter  from  the  Eev.  Alexander  Crum- 
mell  is  kindly  permitted  to  be  published  by  the  Eev.  Dr.  Stephen 
H.  Tyng,  to  whom  it  was  addressed: 

Caldwell,  Liberia,  January  12,  1871. 

Eev.  and  Dear  Sir:  I write  to  inform  you  that  our  School 
House  is  so  far  completed  that  I commenced  keeping  school  in 
it  at  the  beginning  of  this  year.  Our  term  began  on  the  9th 
inst.,  with  thirty-one  children  in  attendance.  Our  whole  num- 
ber is  forty-nine.  The  building  is  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
six  feet  wide,  and  twenty-two  feet  long,  and  will  comfortably 
seat  eighty  children.  The  first  floor  is  nine  feet  from  the  ground. 
Over  the  school-room  I have  a fine  large  room,  divided  into 
two  apartments,  which  I have  appropriated  to  the  use  of  my 
students.  I have  six  youths  studying  with  me,  preparatory  to 
duty  as  teachers  and  ministers,  and  I expect  several  more. 
Whenever  a young  man  of  piety  comes  to  me,  anxious  to  serve 
God  as  a catechist  or  preacher,  1 put  him  to  work  on  the  farm, 
and  trust  in  God  for  his  expenses.  This  room  is  of  great  use 
to  me  as  a lodging  and  study  department ; and  I hope  that 
for  years  to  come,  we  may  be  able  to  send  forth  from  it  many 
youth  to  preach  the  glad  tidings.  The  front  of  the  building  is  not 
yet  completed.  Two  pillars  are  to  be  put  up,  which  will  give 
us  a fine  portico,  and  add  adornment  and  beauty  to  the  house. 
I am  unable  to  plaster  it,  funds  not  holding  out. 

I wish  I could  tell  you  of  greater  results  from  my  labors 
than  those  I have  met  with.  My  services  are  well  attended, 
and  much  interest  is  exhibited  in  Bible-class  and  prayer-meet- 
ings. I thank  God  for  three  marked  cases  of  conversion  during 
the  past  year:  one  a Liberian,  who  in  a calm,  quit,  unemo- 


176 


GREAT  OPENINGS  PRESENTED. 


[June, 


tional  manner,  came  to  me,  declaring  himself  fully  resolved  to 
serve  Christ,  and  asked  to  be  received  to  the  Holy  Communion. 
Another  was  a Congo  boy,  for  many  years  a Sunday-school 
scholar  in  my  school.  In  his  dying  moments  he  sent  for  me 
to  baptize  him,  and  most  distinctly  renounced  heathenism  and 
confessed  Christ.  The  third  was  a heathen  man,  with  whom 
I have  been  long  laboring.  All  of  a sudden  the  truth  seemed 
to  enter  his  soul ; and  he  asked  to  be  baptized,  and  brought 
his  two  children  forward  at  the  same  time.  I know  well  that 
you  regard  the  great  work  of  conversion  as  a commanding 
feature  of  the  ministry;  and  hence  I feel  that  the  story  of  the 
humblest  heathen  and  his  salvation  will  not  be  uninteresting 
to  you. 

I am  sorry  to  say  that  our  work  in  Liberia  is,  just  now, 
somewhat  unprogressing;  and  chiefly  through  the  lack  of 
means.  Cannot  the  friends  of  missions  do  something  to 
strengthen  our  hands  in  our  warfare  against  heathenism  in 
this  land  ? It  is  nothing  but  plain,  literal  fact,  that  our  natives 
all  through  the  country  have  learned  so  much  of  Christianity 
of  us,  that  now  they  are  anxious  for  schools,  and  teachers,  and 
ministers.  This  anxiety  is  not  a matter  of  mere  words. 
Heathen  chiefs  have  actually  built  mission  houses,  which  stand 
waiting  for  teachers.  But  we  have  not  the  money  to  support 
the  men.  Then,  the  work  in  Africa  cannot  be  carried  on  with- 
out trained  men,  African  young  men,  used  to  the  soil ; and  these 
we  cannot  get  the  means  to  support.  I have  six  students, 
good,  earnest  youths,  anxious  to  prepare  for  duty.  I feel 
that  I cannot  sit  down  in  my  house,  preaching  only  once  or 
twice  a week.  I must  prepare  men  for  the  future;  but  I 
need  some  aid  to  carry  on  this  branch  of  the  work,  for  there 
is  a personal,  bodily  fitness  necessary  for  the  true  minister 
with  regard  to  dress,  habits,  neatness,  cleanliness,  and  order, 
as  well  as  to  the  mental  and  spiritual,  and  all  this  requires 
means. 

Please  excuse  my  Seeming  importunity ; but  if,  in  your  dis- 
bursements this  year,  you  can  undertake  the  support  of  two  or 
three  of  these  youth,  I shall  be  more  than  thankful.  It  will 
take  a great  load  from  my  heart  and  give  a little  more  ease 
and  lightness  to  myT  life;  and,  what  is  of  greater  importance, 
help  to  prepare  laborers  for  the  vineyard.  My  students  are 
not  mere  book-worms;  they  are  praying  youths  and  young 
evangelists.  Once  a week  they  go  forth  into  the  villages  around, 
and  tell  the  natives  the  story  of  salvation.  Great  openings  for 
the  entrance  of  the  Gospel  are  being  offered  us.  Our  Govern- 
ment has  just  effected  an  alliance  with  a very  powerful  and 
somewhat  cultivated  people,  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles 
in  the  interior.  A good  road  is  being  opened,  and  block-houses 


GABOON  AND  CORISCO  MISSION. 


177 


1871.1 


erected  at  convenient  distances  on  the  route.  The  superiority 
of  the  people,  the  Barline  people,  is  evinced  in  their  agricul- 
tural habits;  their  manufacturing  capabilities;  their  semi- 
weekly markets,  assembling  two  or  three  thousand  people; 
and  the  surrounding  of  their  capital  by  a stone  wall. 

How  desirable  that  this  place  should  be  occupied  at  an  early 
day  by  capable  men,  and  a strong  mission  established  there. 
If  our  missions  can  only  be  strengthened  and  Liberia  be  sus- 
tained, the  country  will  yet  prove  one  of  the  greatest  instru- 
ments in  God’s  hands  for  the  regeneration  and  civilization  of 
Western  Africa.  Liberia  is  poor,  but  poor  as  she  is,  she  has 
a powerful  interior  influence.  The  natives  prefer  alliance  and 
affiliation  with  us  to  any  close  connection  with  foreign  Gov- 
ernments. Their  desire  here  is  to  fraternize  with  us,  and  our 
opportunities  would  be  almost  unlimited,  if  we  only  had  strength 
and  means. 

I have  written  more  than  I intended,  but  the  subject  is  a 
dear  one  to  me.  I am,  with  affection  and  gratitude,  your 
faithful  and  obliged  servant,  Alex.  Crummell. 


REINFORCEMENT  FOR  THE  GABOON  AND  CORISCO  MISSION. 

We  are  sure  it  will  gladden  many  hearts  to  know  that  these 
two  Missions  in  Equatorial  Africa,  now  united  in  one,  have 
been  strengthened  by  the  return  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Busknell  to 
their  beloved  work,  and  by  Rev.  Samuel  L.  Gillespie,  Rev. 
Messrs.  Kops  and  Murphy,  and  their  wives  and  Miss  Boughton. 
Six  of  this  company  left  Hew  York  April  12th,  for  Liverpool, 
where  they  will  take  a steamer  direct  for  Gaboon.  Mr.  Gil- 
lespie was  a student  in  Princeton  Theological  Seminary,  and; 
Messrs.  Kops  and  Murphy  received  their  theological  training; 
at  Chicago.  Many  have  become  interested  in  this  joint  mission, 
by  their  gifts  to  the  training  school,  and  for  the  purchase  of  a 
boat.  These  are  helps  to  the  work,  and  in  the  orderings  of 
Providence  may  and  will  do  much  for  the  good  of  the  cause. 
Let  gifts  ever  be  accompanied  and  followed  by  prayers,.  that 
agencies  may  be  vitalized,  and  agents  blessed  in  their  evangel- 
istic efforts.  As  every  worker  draws  after  him  friends  and 
sympathy,  and  zeal  and  purpose  to  aid  and  encourage  him, 
may  these  be  many  and  strong  for  those  who  have  gone  and 
for  those  who  are  toiling  in  Equatorial  Africa. — The  Foreign 
Missionary. 


From  the  Interior. 

COLONIZATION  IN  ILLINOIS. 

Rev.  George  S.  Inglis,  District  Secretary  for  Illinois  of  the 
American  Colonization  Society,  was  in  Chicago  several  months 
ago,  designing  at  that  time  to  present  to  our  churches  the 


178 


COLONIZATION  MEETING  AT  ST.  LOUIS. 


[June, 


strong  claims  of  the  cause  he  is  engaged  in  advocating.  Cir- 
cumstances, at  the  visit  referred  to,  led  to  the  postponement 
of  his  proposed  work  till  the  present  time.  He  is  now  here  to 
prosecute  it,  and  we  take  pleasure  in  publishing  the  joint  let- 
ter recommending  him  and  his  work,  given  to  him  on  his 
former  visit.  \V e publish  the  paper  as  it  was  given,  though 
one  of  the  signers,  Dr.  Lord,  ha3  resigned  the  position  then 
held  by  him  in  the  Seminary : 

The  undersigned,  Professors  in  the  Theological  Seminary  of 
the  Northwest,  cordially  commend  the  Eev.  Mr.  Inglis,  and 
his  work  on  behalf  of  African  colonization  and  education,  to 
the  Christian  courtesy  and  co-operation  of  the  ministers  and 
churches  of  our  city.  Mr.  Inglis  has  been  long  known  and 
approved  in  the  service  of  the  Church,  and  is  now  devoting 
himself  to  the  above-named  specialty.  The  present  relations 
and  aspects  of  this  work  are  new  and  deeply  interesting,  and 
justly  claim  the  thoughtful  and  practical  regard  of  all  patriotic 
and  Christian  men.  Willis  Lord,  Prof.  Didactic  and  Polem. 
Theology;  Charles  Elliott,  Prof.  Bib.  Lit.  and  Exegesis;  Wm. 
M.  Blackburn,  Prof.  Ch.  History;  L.  J.  Halsey,  Prof.  Pastoral 
Theol.  and  Ch.  Government. 


From  the  Missouri  Republican. 

COLONIZATION  MEETING  AT  ST.  LOUIS. 

A public  meeting  was  held  on  Sunday  evening.  May  14,  in 
the  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  Seventeenth  street  and  Lucas 
place,  St.  Louis,  to  take  into  consideration  the  subject  of  Afri- 
can Colonization.  There  was  a good  attendance.  Bev.  Dr. 
Niccolls,  pastor  of  the  church,  presided,  and  the  meeting  was 
opened  with  devotional  exercises. 

The  president  said  that  the  object  of  assembling  that  even- 
ing was  to  hear  some  statement  of  the  work  and  interest  of 
the  American  Colonization  Society,  a Christian  society  that 
has  been  in  existence  more  than  half  a century,  and  during 
that  time  had  commanded  the  sympathy  and  co-operation  of 
some  of  the  noblest  spirits  of  our  land.  During  the  last  few 
years  there  had  been  no  formal  presentation  of  the  affairs  of  the 
Society,  and  perhaps  it  might  have  dropped  out  of  their  notice. 
It  might  also  be  supposed  that  the  ends  and  objects  of  the 
Society  were  no  longer  in  use  after  changes  that  had  taken 
place  in  this  country.  That  view,  however,  came  from  a very 
partial  understanding  of  the  objects  of  the  Society,  which 
depended  more  on  the  condition  of  the  colored  people  on  the 
African  continent  than  in  this.  He  introduced  one  of  the 
Secretaries  of  the  American  Colonization  Society — the  Rev. 
Dr.  Orcutt,  of  New  York. 


1871.]  COLONIZATION  MEETING  AT  ST.  LOUIS.  179 

Rev.  Dr.  Orcutt  said  that  twenty-one  years  ago  he  com- 
menced officially  to  advocate,  in  his  humble  way,  the  work 
of  the  Society  in  the  interests  of  which  they  were  met.  The 
American  Colonization  Society  was  organized  in  the  city  of 
Washington,  in  1816.  Its  leading  object,  as  stated  by  an 
article  of  the  Constitution,  was  to  colonize,  with  their  own  con- 
sent, the  free  colored  people  of  the  United  States  on  the  conti- 
nent of  Africa.  The  first  colonists,  eighty  or  more  in  number, 
sailed  from  New  York  fifty-one  years  ago  last  February,  in  the 
ship  Elizabeth.  Every  year  since  the  Society  has  transported  a 
greater  or  less  number  of  colored  people  of  the  United  States 
to  the  land  of  their  fathers.  Not  a year  passed,  during  even 
the  dark  periods  of  our  late  war,  when  the  Society  did  not 
take  some  applicants  to  their  fatherland,  their  adopted  home. 
They  had  sent  out  altogether,  including  re-captives  sent  by  the 
Government,  about  20,000,  and  had  never  taken  as  many  in  a sin- 
gle period,  save  once,  as  during  the  last  four  years.  During  the 
last  five  years  they  have  colonized  almost  twenty-six  hundred, 
and  they  had  not  taken  one-eight  of  the  number  that  desired 
to  go.  A quarter  part  at  least  of  those  who  were  sent  were 
members  of  Christian  churches.  It  was  most  interesting  to 
note,  under  God’s  providence,  that  more  children  of  Africa  had 
been  brought  into  His  visible  Church  in  America,  than  there 
were  converts  in  all  the  missions  to  the  whole  heathen  world. 
Thus  they  were  prepared  for  usefulness. 

There  were  two  aspects  alone  in  this  cause  which  controlled 
his  judgment  in  its  behalf.  The  first  was,  that  it  gave  nation- 
ality to  the  colored  race,  and  Christian  civilization  to  the  Afri- 
can continent.  Liberia  now  numbered  more  than  half  a million, 
including  its  aborigines  brought  in  by  the  purchase  of  the  land. 
It  had  fifty  or  sixty  churches,  as  well  as  asylums  for  the  needy, 
and  a College,  with  its  thirty-two  students,  at  the  head  of  which 
was  that  noble  man,  who  had  received  the  respect  of  the  civil- 
ized world,  J.  J.  Roberts,  who,  more  than  forty  years  ago, 
sailed  from  Virginia.  The  speaker  read  an  extraet  from  a 
letter  of  Mr.  Roberts,  in  which  it  was  stated  that  one  of  the 
native  chiefs  had  asked  that  his  son  might  be  educated  at  the 
College,  but  he  had  no  scholarship  in  which  to  place  him.  On 
showing  that  letter  to  some  gentlemen,  the  speaker  had  re- 
ceived funds  sufficient  to  support  the  youth  at  College  for  a 
year.  He  asked  his  hearers  to  remember  these  things,  and  to 
think  of  the  instrument  God  had  used  to  redeem  the  continent 
so  long  in  heathenish  darkness. 

The  president  introduced  Rev.  Dr.  Samson,  of  Washington, 
D.  C.  After  some  introductory  remarks  Dr.  Samson  said  that 
whatever  might  be  our  view  of  our  relation  to  the  colored 
people,  we  must  try  to  harmonize  our  American  interests  and 


180 


COLONIZATION  MEETING  AT  ST.  LOUIS. 


[June, 


the  interest  of  humanity.  He  might  say  that  in  the  emanci- 
pation that  had  occurred  a noble  spirit  had  been  exhibited  in 
our  country.  Where  did  they  find  anything  than  the  most 
perfect  acquiescence  that  this  people  are  free.  He  had  no  doubt 
there  were  more  masters  that  felt  relieved,  he  was  going  to 
say,  than  servants.  And  having  been  relieved  in  so  noble  a 
spirit,  what  was  our  duty  in  their  present  relations  ? Of  course 
the  people  of  the  South  felt  that  there  is  the  greatest  importance 
in  their  being  educated,  and  in  their  receiving  a moral  and  re- 
ligious education;  for  if  they  could  place  no  dependence  on 
them  in  the  spring  or  in  the  heat  of  summer  or  in  harvest-time, 
they  would  be  losers.  He  had  lived  in  that  center,  to  which 
reference  had  been  made,  for  the  last  thirty  years,  and  he  could 
say  that  the  people  were  unanimously  of  the  opinion  that  those 
who  remain  with  us  have  to  be  advanced  to  the  utmost  of  their 
capacity.  The  accumulations  of  property  made  by  free  colored 
people  in  Charleston,  Petersburg,  and  other  places,  before  the 
war,  proved  that  we  had  not  entirely  neglected  our  duty.  He 
believed  that  our  principal  attention  should  be  turned  to  the 
native  country  of  the  colored  people.  The  speaker  proceeded 
in  eloquent  terms  to  speak  of  the  tendency  of  ancient  and 
modern  colonization,  saying  that  this  had  been  one  great  cause 
of  the  advancement  of  mankind.  Colonies  always  develop 
the  people  who  enter  them.  The  Homan  colonies  were  her 
greatest  glory.  It  was  not  the  little  company  that  occupied 
Rome  that  made  the  Latin  name  and  the  Latin  tongue.  Who 
could  not  feel  that  the  whole  of  Europe  was  to  be  developed 
on  the  shores  of  our  land?  It  was  impossible,  except  in  Eng- 
land, to  break  up  the  cast-iron  system  of  civil  and  ecclesiastical 
despotism.  When  those  nationalities  were  developed  in  this 
country,  the  reaction  would  be  felt  in  every  one  of  those  lands. 
Who  doubted  but  that  the  action  of  the  Anglo-Saxons  in  this 
country  reacted  on  the  land  of  our  fathers?  It  was  on  this 
account  that  Miall  now  advocated  in  the  English  Parliament 
the  separation  of  Church  and  State.  After  speaking  of  the 
effect  of  the  reaction  on  Germany  and  France,  he  detailed  the 
great  efforts  England  had  been  making  to  strengthen  her 
position  in  Africa,  not  only  by  sending  travelers  like  Living- 
stone and  Baker,  but  by  military  conquest.  In  reply  to  the  argu- 
ment that  colored  people  were  in  demand  for  industrial 
occupations  here,  he  said  that  there  was  also  a demand  for 
them  in  Liberia,  and  resolutions  had  been  introduced  in  the 
Legislature  to  that  effect.  There  might  be  selfish  interests  at 
stake  when  they  talked  of  the  demand  here  for  African  labor, 
but  should  they  forget  his  interest?  What  is  to  be  his  future 
history  as  a laborer?  The  Chinese  are  pouring  in;  the  French 
will  be  pouring  into  the  South ; and  what  will  become  of  the 


1871.] 


CONNECTICUT  COLONIZATION  SOCIETY. 


181 


Africans,  who  cannot  compete  with  them.  It  is  not  the  idle 
and  unenterprising  who  ask  their  passage  to  Liberia  in  our 
ships.  It  is  the  men  who  have  a future,  and  want  a national- 
ity; who  want  to  pass  to  a land  where  they  can  be  men  and 
women.  There  were  exceptions,  but  his  heart  had  been  stirred 
during  the  last  five  years  more  than  it  had  been  ever  before, 
as  he  had  talked  to  these  people  on  the  subject;  and  he  knew 
that  some  who  had  gone  had  grown  to  be  princes  and  judges 
in  their  fatherland. 

Eev.  Dr.  Burrows,  of  Richmond,  Virginia,  also  spoke  in  favor 
of  assisting  such  colored  people  as  desired  to  go  to  Africa. 


CONNECTICUT  COLONIZATION  SOCIETY. 

Sunday  evening,  May  8,  a united  Congregational  service  was 
held  in  the  North  Church,  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  the  sub- 
ject being  African  Colonization.  The  meeting  was  opened  by 
Rev.  Mr.  Todd  with  prayer  and  reading  of  the  Scriptures. 
President  Woolsey  presided,  and  in  a brief  introductory  address 
said  that  the  principal  hope  of  Africa  was  in  the  Colonization 
of  Christian  colored  men  there,  and  that  all  Christian  denomi- 
nations were  interested  in  the  work. 

Rev.  D.  C.  Haynes,  District  Secretary  of  the  American  Colo- 
nization Society,  was  introduced,  and  made  an  elaborate  presen- 
tation of  the  principles  and  success  of  the  Society  he  represented. 
He  said  that  he  was  glad  to  announce  that  the  work  of  African 
Colonization  had  passed  from  the  sphere  of  theory  and  argu- 
ment to  the  sphere  of  fact,  and  that  he  was  especially  anxious 
in  the  remarks  he  made  to  transfer  to  the  minds  of  those  pres- 
ent these  facts.  Connecticut  has  had  for  many  years  an  Aux- 
iliary Colonization  Society,  having  its  officers,  patrons,  and 
supporters  among  her  educators,  philanthropists,  clergymen, 
and  other  leading  citizens.  The  State  has  been  very  useful 
through  this  Auxiliary  Society.  There  are  eight  of  these  Auxil- 
iary Societies,  of  which  the  Presidents  are  as  follows:  In  Ohio 
the  President  is  the  venerable  Bishop  Mcllvaine,  who  has 
recentty  delivered  a most  eloquent  discourse  upon  this  subject. 
The  President  of  the  Pennsylvania  Society  is  Eli  K.  Price,  Esq., 
beloved  and  distinguished  in  his  State ; the  New  Jersey  Society 
has  Rev.  Dr.  Maclean,  ex-President  of  Princeton  College;  of 
the  New  York  Society,  Samuel  F.  B.  Morse,  of  telegraphic  fame; 
of  Connecticut,  the  chairman  of  this  meeting,  of  whom  I need 
not  speak;  of  the  Massachusetts,  ex-Governor  Emory  Wash- 
burn, who  now  stands  at  the  head  of  the  Harvard  Law  School; 
of  the  Vermont  Society,  Daniel  Baldwin,  Esq.;  and  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Society,  Alexis  Caswell,  D.  D. 

The  Parent  Society  has  been  at  work  for  more  than  half  a 


182  CONNECTICUT  COLONIZATION  SOCIETY.  [June, 

century,  by  the  aid  of  similar  men,  without  distinction  of 
denomination  or  party,  from  Judge  Washington  to  Daniel 
Webster,  and  from  Henry  Clay  to  Edward  Everett  and  Abra- 
ham Lincoln,  with  large  numbers  of  clergymen  and  equally  re- 
spectable men.  And  now,  after  fifty-three  years,  an  exigency 
has  arisen,  demanding  not  only  a continuance,  but  an  increase 
of  these  efforts.  It  is  in  reference  to  that  increase  that  I have 
commenced  the  work.  If  the  people  of  New  England  do  not 
aid  in  this  exigency,  then  I have  mistaken  their  character. 

Let  me  speak  of  the  fundamental  idea  of  the  Society  and  its 
auxiliaries  from  the  first  until  now.  Briefly  expressed,  it  is 
to  construct  in  Africa  a Christian,  republican  nation  of  Afri- 
cans and  their  descendants,  wickedly  enslaved  in  this  country, 
and  thus  to  secure  some  compensation  for  Africa  and  her  sons 
for  their  wrongs,  received  from  the  whole  Christian  world  in 
the  former  slave-trade.  There  enters  into  this  idea  the  free- 
dom of  as  many  as  possible  of  the  slaves,  and  their  education, 
elevation  here  and  in  Africa,  and  the  ultimate  spreading  of 
this  Christian  nation  in  Africa.  Mr.  Everett  once  said  that  he 
believed  that  Liberia  had  done  as  much  for  Africa  as  Plymouth 
did  for  this  continent. 

This  idea  is  traceable  to  its  origin  and  to  the  present  grand 
result,  with  its  splendid  promise  in  the  future.  Rev.  Drs.  Hop- 
kins and  Stiles,  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  are  the  fathers  of  it.  Dr. 
Stiles  did  not  come  earnestly  and  cordially  into  it  as  early  as 
Dr.  Hopkins  did,  but  he  was  an  earnest  coadjutor  of  Dr.  Hopkins. 
Rhode  Island  was  a slave  mart,  and  Dr.  Hopkins  was  obliged 
to  see  ships  fitted  out  with  New-England  rum  and  sent  to 
Africa,  to  return  with  the  sons  of  Africa  to  be  scattered  over 
the  continent.  What  wonder  is  it,  then,  that  he  set  himself  to 
devise  some  remedy  that  was  to  return  as  many  of  these  poor 
people  to  their  own  land  as  possible.  Dr.  Hopkins  and  others 
worked  on  this  idea  till  they  passed  away.  Rev.  Dr.  Finley, 
of  New  Jersey,  and  Samuel  J.  Mills,  of  Massachusetts,  were 
among  the  active  founders  of  the  American  Colonization  Society. 
Dr.  Finley  made  it  his  especial  business  to  get  together  enough 
men  to  form  a society.  Mr.  Mills  was  a graduate  of  Williams 
College,  and  was  the  first  missionary  agent  to  Africa  sent  by 
the  Colonization  Society.  It  is  true  that  things  have  been 
said  by  adherents  of  the  Society  as  well  as  others  as  to  other 
objects;  but  the  leaders  and  managers  of  the  Societies  have 
never  departed  from  this  original  idea.  The  African  Reposi- 
tory has  been  published  forty-seven  years,  and  it,  as  a history 
of  the  work,  fully  justifies  this  position.  I have  studied  the 
thing  quite  enough  to  see  that  it  has  no  complicity  with 
anything  except  the  idea  I have  described. 

Aud  now  what  has  been  accomplished  by  the  Society?  In 


1871.] 


CONNECTICUT  COLONIZATION  SOCIETY. 


183 


the  settlement  of  this  question  I cannot  go  into  several  things; 
you  must  take  into  account  the  field  to  be  occupied,  and  the  mis- 
sionaries— nearly  all  ex-slaves — to  be  sent.  Many  scouted  the 
idea  that  such  people  could  be  depended  upon,  and  many 
presumed  they  would  go  back  to  barbarism.  They  have  been 
disappointed.  The  speaker  read  from  an  article  in  the  Spirit 
of  Missions  for  April,  speaking  of  the  character  of  the  African 
mission  and  the  wonderful  opening  there.  It  also  spoke  of 
the  fact  that  white  missionaries  cannot  live  in  Western  Africa. 
Continuing,  the  speaker  said,  this  has  been  the  experience  of 
nearly  all  the  missionaries.  A class  mate  of  mine  was  sent  out 
and  died.  The  Methodist  Board  sent  Rev.  Melville  B.  Cox. 
He  was  told  that  it  was  in  vain  for  him  to  go,  but  he  went, 
and  died  in  a few  months.  His  dying  words  were:  “Do  not 
give  up  the  mission  though  a thousand  die and  there  lay  there 
thirteen  of  the  thousand.  The  colored  missionaries  can  live 
and  work  there.  The  American  Board  has  sent  twenty-seven 
to  labor  there,  and  half  of  them  have  died,  and  with  two  or 
three  exceptions  the  rest  came  home.  Rev.  Dr.  Anderson  said 
that  if  Africa  was  to  be  redeemed,  it  must  be  by  her  own  sons. 

What  are  the  facts  in  regard  to  the  enterprise  in  Liberia. 
There  is  a Christian  Republic  there  of  six  hundred  thousand 
people.  The  great  mass  of  them  are  natives,  who  came  in  at 
the  invitation  of  the  immigrants  to  get  the  benefit  of  the  schools, 
churches,  and  government.  The  country  has  a stable  and  dig- 
nified Government,  with  a President  elected  by  the  people — a 
Government  respectable  and  acknowledged  among  the  sister- 
hood of  nations,  by  eighteen  of  them,  including  our  own  The 
old  buildings  are  giving  place  to  those  of  brick  and  stone. 
They  have  a system  of  common  schools  like  our  own. 

We  have  relied  upon  the  colored  Christian  families  as  the  in- 
struments of  the  work  in  Africa.  It  is  said  why  don’t  you 
send  white  people.  In  the  first  place,  the  physical  difficulty  is 
in  the  way.  If  a man  has  any  quantity  of  African  blood  in 
him,  it  will  help  him;  but,  if  the  blood  is  pure,  as  it  generally  is 
in  the  parties  we  send,  they  are  as  healthy  almost  as  the  na- 
tives themselves.  The  facts  of  fifty  years  prove  this.  I need 
not  tell  you  why  we  send  Christian  families.  They  surpass  in 
charity  and  Christian  love  our  own  people,  and  equal  ours  in 
faith  and  hope.  We  have  not  failed  in  any  year  for  fifty  years 
to  send  some  people.  In  no  year  have  less  than  twenty-one 
persons  been  sent,  and  one  year  the  number  was  seven  hun- 
dred and  eighty-three.  The  average  has  been  three  hundred, 
and  the  basis  of  these  families  have  been  Christians.  They 
have  been  able  to  live  in  the  climate,  and  have  been  hailed 
with  joy  by  the  natives. 

What  has  been  the  result  in  an  educational  and  secular  point 


184  COLONIZATION  MEETINGS  IN  NEW  YORK.  [Janer 

of  view?  Think  of  a civilized  nation  in  Africa  now  building 
its  ships  and  exporting  its  goods!  Think  of  a College  in  Libe- 
ria, with  an  able  President  and  three  learned  Professors,  one 
of  them  being  a native  Liberian!  *We  ought  to  have  $100,000 
a year  to  educate  men  in  that  College.  Then  think  of  the 
purely  missionary  and  Christian  work.  There  are  congrega- 
tions of  seven  denominations,  and  new  churches  are  going  up. 
Say  what  we  will,  Liberia  is  a fact — Liberia,  with  its  flag  float- 
ing in  the  air,  with  a Christian  President,  with  a Legislature 
and  governmental  officers — Liberia,  a democratic  nation,  is  a 
fact  which  no  man  could  put  aside. 

I desire  to  make  one  other  point:  that  is,  the  relation  of  this 
cause  to  our  colored  people.  It  is  here  that  much  difficulty  has 
arisen  in  former  times  and  arises  now.  It  is  obvious,  from 
what  has  been  said,  that  it  is  not  our  plan  to  remove  the  col- 
ored people  from  this  country  as  a whole,  but  to  help  those 
who  want  to  go,  and  do  it  successfully.  It  was  not  contem- 
plated to  take  them  all,  but  only  those  who  want  to  go;  not  to 
hold  up  the  enterprise  as  a thing  for  all,  but  as  a grand  thing 
for  them  and  their  fatherland.  We  have  got  to  do  something 
for  these  four  millions  of  people.  The  question  occurs,  do  any 
of  them  wish  to  go?  We  have  no  agent  in  the  South  to  induce 
them  to  go.  We  have  not  had  an  agent  there  since  the  war, 
yet  since  emancipation  2,600  promising  people  have  been  sent. 
General  Howard  said  they  were  the  cream  of  the  colored  race. 
These  are  not  one-eighth  of  the  applicants.  We  have  now  two 
thousand  applicants.  Last  winter,  at  Washington,  while  the 
Society  held  its  anniversary,  there  came  in  three  distinct  lists 
asking  for  a passage  for  five  hundred  persons.  There  has  been 
organized  in  Elizabeth  City,  North  Carolina,  without  the 
knowledge  of  the  Society,  a Freedmen’s  Aid  Society,  which  has 
issued  an  appeal  for  help  to  send  freed  men  to  Africa.  The 
speaker  referred  to  the  reason  why  they  desired  to  go.  It  was 
on  account  of  the  suffering  and  insults  they  had  to  bear  here 
on  account  of  their  color.  He  also  spoke  of  the  objection  that 
was  made  to  the  aiding  away  of  the  colored  people,  because 
it  took  laborers  out  of  the  country.  He  replied  by  saying  that 
Africa  needed  the  skill  of  these  laborers,  and  America  could 
spare  them. 

Rev.  Hr.  Bacon,  owing  to  the  lateness  of  the  hour,  spoke 
but  a few  minutes,  and  the  meeting  then  closed  by  singing 
the  Missionary  Hymn. 


COLONIZATION  MEETINGS  IN  NEW  YORK. 

A public  meeting  was  held  in  the  West  Presbyterian  church, 
New  York  city,  (Rev.  Hr.  Hastings,  Pastor)  on  Sunday  even- 


1871.] 


ENDOWMENT  OF  LIBERIA  COLLEGE. 


185 


ing,  April  10,  in  the  interest  of  the  American  Colonization 
Society,  which  was  eloquently  addressed  by  Rev.  H.  D.  Ganse, 
Rev.  Joel  Parker,  D.  D.,  Rev.  Mr.  McEckron,  and  Rev.  Dr- 
Hastings. 

A similar  meeting  was  held  in  the  South  Congregational 
Church,  Brooklyn,  (Rev.  Dr.  H.  M.  Storrs,  Pastor)  on  Sunday 
evening  April  17,  at  which  addresses  were  made  by  Rev.  Zach- 
ary Eddy,  D.  D.  and  Rev.  Dr.  Orcutt.  Prof.  Eaton,  of  the  Packer 
Institute,  presided  on  the  occasion,  and  in  some  well-chosen 
words  most  heartily  indorsed  and  commended  the  cause  to 
the  confidence  and  support  of  the  Christian  public. 


ENDOWMENT  OF  LIBERIA  COLLEGE. 

The  Trustees  of  Donations  for  Education  in  Liberia  were 
incorporated  by  an  Act  of  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts, 
approved  March  19,  1850.  The  College  itself  was  established 
and  its  Trustees  incorporated  by  an  Act  of  the  Legislature  of 
Liberia,  approved  December  24, 1851.  It  is  a national  institu- 
tion, and  the  faith  of  the  Republic  is  pledged  to  give  it  all  the 
aid  and  protection  which  that  infant  nation  is  able  to  afford. 

Having  obtained  the  amount  of  funds  necessary  to  make  a 
beginning,  and  having  overcome  many  obstacles  arising  from 
the  state  of  affairs  in  Africa,  the  Trustees  of  Donations  have, 
in  co-operation  with  the  Trustees  of  the  College,  erected  suita- 
ble college  buildings,  sufficient  for  the  probable  wants  of  the 
institution  for  many  years  to  come;  have  collected  a library 
of  several  thousand  volumes,  with  a permanent  fund  of  six 
thousand  dollars  for  its  increase;  have  procured  valuable  cabi- 
nets and  apparatus  for  instruction  in  the  physical  sciences ; 
have  appointed  a President,  the  Hon.  J.  J.  Roberts,  (formerly 
President  of  the  Republic,)  and  three  professors,  all  of  African 
descent  and  competent  to  their  respective  duties;  have  opened 
the  College  for  the  reception  of  students,  and  have  conducted 
four  classes  through  their  collegiate  course.  A Preparatory 
Department  has  been  added  and  sustained  by  successive  ap- 
propriations of  the  Legislature  of  Liberia,  aided  to  a small 
amount  by  the  Trustees  of  Donations.  A graduate  of  the 
College  is  now  its  Principal.  The  whole  number  of  students 
is  now  about  thirty-five.  The  services  of  the  graduates,  and 


186  REJOICED  IN  A NEGRO  CHRISTIAN  REPUBLIC.  [June, 

even  the  under-graduates,  are  eagerly  sought  for  various  posi- 
tions of  public  and  commercial  life.  Native  chiefs  are  already 
seeking  admission  for  their  sons. 

An  endowment  of  fifty  thousand  dollars  would  enable  the 
Trustees,  with  the  strictest  economy,  to  sustain  the  College 
with  its  present  means  of  accommodation  and  instruction. 
Towards  this  amount,  one  subscription  of  twenty  thousand 
dollars  has  been  pledged.  Subscriptions  and  donations  suffi- 
cient at  least  to  complete  the  sum  are  earnestly  solicited. 

Donations  may  be  remitted  to  the  Treasurer,  Charles  E. 
Stevens,  Esq.,  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  Office,  40  State 
Street,  Boston,  or  to  either  of  the  Trustees. 

Albert  Fearing,  President;  Emory  Washburn,  Abner  King- 
man,  Charles  E.  Stevens,  Joseph  S.  Ropes,  James  P.  Melledge, 
Benjamin  T.  Reed,  Trustees;  Joseph  Tracy,  Secretary. 

Professor  Peabody,  of  Harvard  College,  the  Rev.  Drs.  Blag- 
den,  Gannett,  Robbins  and  Kirk,  Pastors  of  prominent  Churches 
in  Boston,  Rev.  Dr.  Anderson,  late  Foreign  Secretary  of  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions,  and 
the  Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Eastburn,  Bishop  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  in  Massachusetts,  give  testimony  in  favor  of  this 
College. 


REJOICED  IN  A NEGRO  CHRISTIAN  REPUBLIC. 

This  is  the  worthy  sentiment  of  “ a genuine  negro  ” and  “ an 
ardent  lover”  of  Africa,  residing  in  one  of  our  New  England 
States.  Presuming  that  the  letter  was  not  intended  for  pub- 
lication, we  withhold  the  place  and  name  of  the  writer: 

“Much  am  I rejoiced  to  find  Liberia  prospering  and  advanc- 
ing in  all  that  constitutes  a nation’s  true  welfare.  I rejoice 
that  in  my  fatherland  there  is  a negro  Christian  Republic. 
Being  a genuine  negro  myself,  and  an  ardent  lover  of  “Meinen 
geliebt  Vaterland,”  I have  none  of  that  silly  prejudice  which 
so  many  persons  with  African  blood  in  their  veins  are  some- 
times so  foolish  as  to  exhibit.  My  race  can  never  disgrace 
me,  though  it  is  possible  for  me  to  disgrace  it.  I have  some- 
times been  ashamed  of  myself,  but  never  of  my  race.  I hope 
in  a few  years  to  return  to  the  land  de  mes  aieux.  As  a Chris- 
tian I shall  go.  There  will  soon  be  in  Liberia  a literature  of 


1871.] 


LIBERIA  IS  A GOOD  COUNTRY. 


187 


the  same  kind  and  stamp  as  that  in  this  .Republic;  and  ne- 
groes and  “merafs”  will  have  no  cause,  if  they  are  manly  and 
womanly,  to  repudiate  their  race.  Indeed,  they  have  none  as 
it  is.  A combination  of  circumstances  have  prevented,  or  I 
should  have  been  in  Liberia  long  ere  this.” 


LIBERIA  IS  A GOOD  COUNTRY. 

So  writes  the  Rev.  Isaac  Hall,  formerly  of  Eufaula,  Ala.,  a 
passenger  by  the  “Golconda”  in  the  spring  of  1868.  We  are 
glad  to  hear  from  him,  and  to  make  public  his  unsought  opinion 
of  Liberia.  Fortsville  is  so  named  in  honor  of  the  worthy 
leader  of  the  company  of  which  Mr.  Hall  was  a member: 

“ Fortsville,  Grand  Bassa  Co.,  Liberia, 

“ December  14,  1870. 

“Dear  Sir:  My  desire  is  to  let  you  know  how  we  are  getting 
along.  All  my  family  are  enjoying  very  good  health.  Our 
new  settlement  is  improving  very  fast.  Our  soil  is  rich,  and 
the  water  is  pure  and  healthy.  We  have  very  fine  crops  of 
corn,  rice,  peas,  beans,  tomatoes,  potatoes,  cassada,  &c.  I have 
also  raised  sugar-cane  and  made  my  own  sirup. 

“I  must  mention  that  Liberia  is  a good  country,  and  that  it 
is  the  home  for  the  children  of  Africa.  Give  my  best  respects 
to  Bishop  Wayman,  and  to  Rev.  Brothers  Turner,  Weaver, 
Tanner,  and  the  members  of  the  Annual  Conferences  of  the 
African  Methodist  E.  Church,  and  beg  them  to  remember  me 
continually  in  their  prayers  to  God,  that  He  will  enable  me  to 
do  much  good  in  enlightening  the  heathen  of  this  region,  and 
in  bringing  them  to  a saving  knowledge  of  the  truth.  They 
cry  to  me  every  day  for  light,  but  I have  no  books.  I beg  the 
Church  and  my  brethren,  please  to  send  me  some  spelling  and 
Sabbath-school  books.  I see  the  necessity  for  the  Gospel  since 
I came  to  Africa,  for  it  will  be  the  means  to  save  this  lost  and 
ruined  nation.  I still  remain,  yours,  truly, 

“Isaac  Hall.” 

LETTERS  FROM  EMIGRANTS. 

We  herewith  cluster  some  expressions  of  individual  opinion 
from  several  of  the  recent  emigrants  from  Eastern  Horth 
Carolina,  given  in  letters  from  them  direct  to  their  relatives 


188  LETTER  FROM  HENRY  W.  DENNIS,  ESQ.  [June, 

and  friends,  and  which  the  latter  have  kindly  sent  to  us  for 
publication  : 

“I  have  received  the  ticket,  and  am  going  to  return  it  in  this 
letter,  so  that  you  may  know  that  I am  in  Liberia.  I am 
doing  as  well  as  I expected,  and  would  feel  perfectly  satisfied 
if  I had  my  father  and  all  inquiring  friends  out  with  me,  as  I 
think  they  would  not  grieve  for  coming  to  this  country.  If 
they  have  the  sense  that  they  ought  to  have,  they  will  not 
rest  till  they  reach  Liberia,  for  it  is  a good  place  for  them. 
Tell  my  father  that  since  my  arrival  here  I have  had  plenty 
to  eat  and  drink.  I am  living  on  my  own  land — twenty-five 
acres — in  place  of  paying  rent  and  toll,  as  I was  compelled 
to  do  in  North  Carolina.  Wilson  Slight.” 

“The  very  evening  I left  Plymouth  wharf,  you  said  you  did 
not  believe  that  we  would  be  taken  to  Liberia.  But  we  are 
safe  in  Liberia,  and  I am  satisfied,  as  far  as  I have  seen  the 
country.  I am  quite  well  and  so  is  my  family.  Every  one 
that  left  Plymouth  arrived  safely  at  Monrovia. 

“Aaron  Lewis.” 

“I  have  been  safely  landed  in  Liberia.  You  will  remember 

the  remark  of  C , ‘that  no  one  of  the  people  who  left 

North  Carolinawn  the  fall  of  1869  had  been  taken  to  Liberia, 
but  were  somewhere  else,  grubbing  oysters.’  Please  say  to 
him  that  I have  found  them  all  here.  Those  who  accompanied 
me  from  Plymouth  wharf  are  also  with  me  here  safe  and  well. 
I have  found  everything  true  that  was  said  by  the  friends  of 
Liberia.  Benjamin  Newberry.” 

“I  desire  to  inform  you  that  I am  well  and  doing  well,  having 
arrived  safely  in  Liberia  over  a year  ago;  and,  instead  of  cul- 
tivating land  for  another,  I am  working  my  own  land  for 
myself  and  for  my  own  benefit.  Thank  God,  I am  on  free  soil, 
and  where  I have  an  equal  right  with  any  other  man. 

“Cooper  Bowen.” 


LETTER  FROM  HENRY  W.  DENNIS,  Esq. 

Monrovia,  April  10,  1871. 

My  Dear  Sir:  I am  glad  to  be  able  to  inform  you  that  the 
Brewerville  party  are  all  up  at  the  settlement  of  that  name, 


1871.] 


ITEMS  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 


189 


and  I have  also  moved  up  all  of  the  Arthington  party  to  Arth- 
ington, with  the  exception  of  four  families.  These  I hope  to 
get  up  this  week  or  next  week.  This  far  we  have  had,  in  my 
judgment,  very  large  success  with  this  entire  company.  Their 
good  health  and  early  settlement  have  been  subjects  of  remark 
by  our  people  generally.  I attribute  much  of  the  success  to 
their  carrying  out  my  advice  to  them  : that  they  should  go  at 
once  to  work  on  their  lands  and  houses,  and  by  having  their 
minds  occupied.  Nothing  is  better  than  regular  bodily  exer- 
cise while  acclimating. 

I am,  your  obedient  servant,  H.  W.  Dennis. 


ITEMS  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

The  Pennsylvania  Colonization  Society  recently  elected  William 
Holmes,  Esq.,  of  Pittsburgh;  James  McCormick,  Jr.,  of  Harrisburg;  Jay 
Cooke,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia  , and  Rev.  Dr.  Edgar,  of  Easton,  as  Vice  Presi- 
dents. 

New  Schools  and  Churches. — The  Rev.  J T.  Richardson,  Agent  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  has  established  a fine  day-school  in  the 
vicinity  of  Robertsport,  Grand  Cape  Mount,  for  the  education  of  the  natives 
and  Congoes.  This  region  of  country  is  one  of  the  most  important  points  in 
all  Liberia.  We  are  imformed  that  his  Board  has  authorized  him  to  start  a 
training  school  for  the  education  of  native  youths  for  the  ministry  and  for 
teachers.  We  are  glad  to  know  that  he  has  likewise  commenced  a school  in 
the  settlement  of  Virginia.  We  are  further  informed  that  he  is  making  ar- 
rangements to  organize  two  new  churches,  one  at  Arthington,  above  Mills- 
burg — the  other  in  the  vicinity  of  Virginia,  at  the  settlement  now  being 
formed,  called  Brewerville. — Republican  of  Monrovia. 

Death  of  Mrs.  Cassell.— The  March  number  of  the  West  Africa  Re- 
cord, published  at  Cavalla,  Liberia,  announces  the  death,  on  the  15th  of  Feb- 
ruary, of  Mrs.  M.  A.  Cassell,  (colored,)  formerly  matron  of  St.  Mark’s  Hospital, 
and  for  the  last  three  years  the  efficient  manager  of  the  Female  Orphan 
Asylum.  Mrs.  Cassell  was  a native  of  Baltimore,  and  emigrated  with  her 
husband,  since  deceased,  many  years  ago  to  Liberia.  “ She  was,”  says  the 
Record , “a  real  lady  and  a great  friend  of  the  Missionaries,  for  whom  her 
house  was  always  open,  and  to  whom  her  society  was  always  welcome”  She 
was  an  earnest  Christian,  and  her  closing  days  were  peaceful,  brightened  as 
they  were  by  a hope  of  the  glorious  immortality. 

The  Presbytery  of  West  Africa  met  at  Marshall,  Liberia,  in  January, 
1871,  and  took  under  its  care  several  candidates  for  the  ministry.  Nearly 
all  the  churches,  during  the  year,  had  enjoyed  a season  of  refreshing.  The 
native  stations  were  growing  in  interest,  and  special  calls  for  the  establish- 


190 


ITEMS  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 


[June, 


ment  of  new  stations  among  heathen  tribes  adjacent  to  the  settlements,  es- 
pecially from  the  head  men,  were  presented.  One  of  the  chiefs  has  three 
years  in  succession  asked  for  a teacher. 

Liberia  Baptist  Mission. — Nine  have  been  baptized  at  Bexley,  and  the 
church  and  Sabbath  school  are  prosperous.  As  many  more  have  been  hopefully 
converted  within  six  months  at  Virginia.  At  Greenville  there  are  large  and 
interesting  congregations,  and  the  preaching  of  the  Word  is  attended  with 
Divine  power.  Large  companies  of  natives  come  from  the  vicinity  to  he  ir. 
Among  the  native  Bassas  there  is  a great  thirst  for  the  word  of  God,  and  ior 
the  education  of  the  young.  A new  thatched  meeting  house  has  been  erected 
in  Congo  town ; a church  was  lately  dedicated  at  Edina. 

Corisco  Mission. — In  connection  with  the  Presbyterian  Mission  at  Corisco, 
Equatorial  Africa,  there  have  been  under  instruction  during  the  last  year 
pupils  from  eleven  different  African  tribes.  A chief  man  of  a tribe  has  made 
application  to  have  his  son  received  under  missionary  tuition.  His  home  is 
eighty  miles  away  from  the  mission.  Another  young  man,  the  son  of  a chief, 
a man  of  much  influence  in  his  tribe,  came  to  the  mission,  learned  to  read, 
heard  the  Gospel,  became  anxious  about  his  lost  condition,  and  gives  every 
evidence  of  being  a new  creature  in  Christ  Jesus.  On  the  mainland  the  head- 
man of  any  village,  at  every  visit,  is  always  willing  to  summon  the  people 
to  hear  the  missionary,  and  they  acquiesce  in  the  truth  and  force  of  his 
words.  A native  female  prayer-meeting  is  sustained  with  energy  at  the 
station,  and  several  heads  of  families  are  professing  Christians. 

Revival  at  Abbeokuta. — The  Rev.  T.  J.  Marshall,  the  native  Wesleyan 
minister  at  Abbeokuta,  Central  Africa,  reports  an  improved  state  of  things 
there.  The  opposition  which  had  formerly  impeded  the  progress  of  the  work 
has  in  a great  measure  passed  away,  and  the  services  are  now  held  without 
interruption.  The  station  has  lately  enjoyed  a refreshing  season  of  revival, 
at  which  twenty-one  persons  were  converted. 

Dutch  Settlements  on  the  Gold  Coast. — A communication  from  the 
Hague,  in  the  Independence, , of  Brussels,  says:  “The  treaty  for  ceding  the 
coast  of  Guinea  to  Great  Britain  has  just  been  signed.  The  Minister  of  the 
Interior  has  announced  that  it  will  shortly  be  submitted  to  the  Legislature 
for  approval.  Dutch  vessels  will  retain  all  the  advantages  they  now  enjoy. 
A part  of  the  press,  headed  by  the  Nieuwe  Rotterdamsche  Courant,  energeti- 
cally opposes  the  transaction  as  a violation  of  the  principle  that  the  integrity 
of  the  soil  and  the  national  possessions  should  be  preserved.  Fears  are 
entertained  that,  after  having  given  up  Guinea  as  unproductive,  the  Govern- 
ment may,  for  the  same  motive,  get  rid  of  the  West  Indies  and  a part  of  the 
colonies  in  the  East,  which  cost  more  than  they  produce.  As  opinions  are 
much  divided,  both  in  the  press  and  among  the  deputies,  the  ultimate  fate  of 
the  treaty  is  still  uncertain..” 

Swedish  Missions  in  Africa. — An  emigration  which  adheres  somewhat 
to  its  own  lines  of  latitude  is  likely  to  have  best  sanitary  success.  Ought 


1871.] 


ITEMS  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 


191 


Christian  missions  to  forget  such  facts?  Sweden,  from  her  cold  and  frozen 
north,  sent  ten  missionaries  in  the  course  of  four  years  to  Africa.  At  the 
end  of  that  time  only  two  remained.  Most  had  died;  the  rest  had  gone 
home  to  recruit.  Thousands  of  dollars  had  been  expended,  and  the  mission 
had  been  too  brief  to  reap  the  least  harvest.  Was  there  not  some  region 
more  suited  than  Africa  to  Swedish  constitutions? 

Remarkable  Financial  Experience.— The  Berlin  Missionary  Society 
has  just  enjoyed  a remarkable  financial  experience.  On  January  1st,  its 
books  showed  that  its  ordinary  income  for  the  preceding  year  had  been  re- 
duced, in  consequence  of  the  war,  to  21,164  thalers  less  than  the  income  of 

1869,  and  that  it  was  threatened  with  a large  deficiency.  It  was  saved  by 
the  irruption  into  the  diamond  diggings  of  South  Africa.  A few  years  ago 
the  Society  had  received  a grant  of  several  square  miles  of  land  on  the  Vaal 
River.  It  was  not  worth  much,  for  the  Land  Commissioners  did  not  deign  to 
tax  it.  But  diamonds  were  found  on  it.  The  Society  claimed  a royalty  upon 
the  stones  that  were  taken  away.  From  the  proceeds  of  this  loyalty  10,000 
thalers  were  placed  in  the  treasury  of  the  Society  by  the  close  of  1870.  This 
amount  just  saved  it  from  debt. 

The  Slave  Trade  Suppressed  on  the  White  Nile. — Sir  Roderick  Mur- 
chison writes  as  follows:  “I  have  received  a long  letter  from  Sir  Samuel 
Baker,  dated  Tewfi  Keeya,  on  the  White  Nile,  N.  lat.  9 26,  the  6th  December, 

1870.  He  announces  that  during  his  stay  at  that  station  he  had  entirely 
suppressed  the  slave  trade  of  the  White  Nile,  and  he  trusts  that  England 
will  appreciate  the  sincerity  of  purpose  displayed  by  his  Highness  the  Khe- 
dive in  thus  purifying  the  river  from  that  abominable  trade.  Sir  Samuel’s 
next  letter  will  be  from  Gondokora,  when  all  the  flotilla  are  gathered  to- 
gether and  his  steamer  in  action.” 

Company  of  African  Merchants. — The  Company  of  African  Merchants 
held  their  annual  meeting  at  the  Cannon-street  Hotel,  London,  on  Saturday, 
March  18,  1871.  There  was  a very  numerous  attendance  of  shareholders. 
The  Chairman  explained  that  the  African  trade  had  been  in  a most  unsatis- 
factory condition  during  the  past  year;  the  extreme  competition  on  the  coast 
had  caused  an  advance  of  prices  there,  which  had  resulted  in  heavy  losses  to 
importers.  The  meeting  terminated  with  a unanimous  expression  of  confi- 
dence in  the  Directors. — African  Times. 

The  Mayflower. — It  was  formerly  often  repeated,  as  a reproach,  that  the 
Mayflower , which  bore  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  to  Flymouth  Rock  in  1620,  was  af- 
terward employed  in  the  slave  trade.  Dr.  Dexter,  of  The  Congregationalist, 
who  is  now  in  England  studying  early  New-England  history,  writes  that 
“there  were  20  vessels  named  The  Mayflower  in  England  at  that  time,  and 
that  the  slaver  which  sailed  with  450  negroes  for  Barbados  was  another  of 
that  name,  and  of  350  ton3  burden,  while  our  Mayflower  measured  only  180 
tons.” 


192  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.  [June,  1871. 

Receipts  of  the  American  Colonization  Society, 

From,  the  20th  of  April  to  the  20 th  of  May.  1871. 


Maine. 

Mill-Town— Mrs.  Sarah  D.  Stick- 

ne.v 4 00 

By  Rev.  J.  K.  Converse,  ($38.00) 

Bath— Mrs.  David  Patten,  bal.  to 
const,  herself  a L.  M.,  $10;  E.  S. 

J.  Nealey,  James  F.  Patten, 

Mrs.  Levi  Houghton,  each  $5; 

John  Shaw,  Rev.  Dr.  Fiske,  E. 

K.  Harding,  A.  C.  Palmer,  F. 

E.  Reed,  D.  T.  Persey,  each  $2; 

J.  Riggs,  $1 38  00 

42  00 

Vermont. 

Pittsford— S.  Hammond,  $5;  S.  H. 
Kellogg.  J.  E.  Wheaton,  each 
$3;  This  D.  Hall,  Ransom Bur- 
ditt,  Fianklin  Burditt,  M.  P. 
Humphrey,  each  $2;  S.  M.  Cav- 
erly,  S.  C.  Kellogg,  J.  M.  Good- 
nough,  A.  N.  Loveland,  each 

$1;  by  Hon.  S.  H.  Kellogg... 23  00 

By  Rev.  J.  K.  Converse,  ($49.00.) 

Windsor — Allen  Wardner,  $10: 

W.  H.  Lenox,  S.  U.  King,  E. 

G.  Samson,  each  $5;  Dea.  C.  E. 
Cleveland,  J.  W.  Hubbard,  E. 

W.  Stone.  L.  W.  Lawrence,  each 
$2;  John  T.  Freeman,  J.  A.  Pol- 
lard, Rev.  Mr.  Douglass,  B.  F. 


Blood,  each  $1 37  00 

Burlington — Add’l. — Mrs.  M.  R. 
Nichols,  $10;  Mrs.  Haines,  Mrs. 

A.  Drew,  each  $1 12  00 


72  00 

Massachusetts. 

By  Rev.  Dr.  Tracy,  ($47.20.) 

Beverly — Edward  Burley,  An. 

Don.,  $20  gold,  premium  $2.20...  22  20 

Middleborough — Legacy  of  Rev. 

Israel  W.  Putnam,  D.  D.,  by  F. 


S.  Thompson,  Ex 25  00 

47  20 

Connecticut. 

By  Rev.  D.  C.  Haynes,  ($414.00.) 
Wethersfield— Gen.  J.  D.  Pratt 10  00 


Norwich— James  L.  Hubbard, $40 ; 

D.  H.  Coit.  $20;  Mrs.  H.  P. 
Williams,  Charles  Osgood,  J. 

M. Huntington, each  $10;  T.  W. 
Carroll,  J.  Halsey,  J.  Hunting- 
ton,  each  $5;  George  Perkins, 

$2 107  00 

New  London—  Mrs.  Edward  Bull, 

Jane  S.  Richards,  Robert  Coil, 
each  $10;  Mrs.  C.  Chew,  $8; 

Mrs.  N.  Billings,  Misses  Lock- 
wood,  Henry  P.  Haven,  W.  C. 
Crump,  each  $5;  Miss  C.  E. 

Rainey,  $3 61  00 

New  Haven— Eli hu  Atwater,  $20, 

T.  D.  Woolsey,  D.  D.,  A.  Hea- 
ton, Timothy  Bishop,  Miss 
Geary,  Governor  English, 
Charles  Atwater,  H.  Peck,  each 
$10;  J.  M.  Prescott,  C.  B.  Whit- 


telsey,  each  $5;  Mrs.  C.  A.  In- 
gersoll,  $3;  E.  B.  Bowdich,  H. 

N.  Whittelsey,  M.  G.  Elliot,  B. 

Noyes,  each  $2;  Mrs.W.  F.  Fel- 
iowes,  $15;  Samuel  Brace,  O. 

B.  North,  E.  Whitney,  Wm. 
Johnson,  D.  H.  Wilcox,  Henry 
White,  each  $10;  W.  W.  Board- 
man,  Ralph  I.  Ingersoll,  C.  M. 
Ingersoil,  Mrs.  Nicholson,  each 

$5 206  00 

Birmingham— Mrs.  N.  Sandl'ord, 

James  Arnold,  Dr.  Howe,  W. 

E.  Downs,  R.  N.  Bassett,  each 
$5 ; Henry  Somers,  C.  E.  Clark, 
each  $2 ; W.  H.  Hotchkiss  $1 30  00 


414  00 

New  York. 

By  Rev.  Dr.  Orcutt,  <'$532.89.) 

New  York  CVy— Miss  Mary  Bron- 
son, $50;  Burr  Wakeman,  $25; 
Thomas  Jeremiah,  $15;  Legacy 
of  the  late  Mrs.  Harriet  T.  Wil- 


liams, $414.75  504  75 

Brooklyn— Coll,  in  South  Cong. 

Ch 28  14 


532  89 

New  Jersey. 

By  Rev.  Dr.  Orcutt,  ($500.00.) 

Newar k— Daniel  Price,  for  the 
support  oi  a native  youth  in 


Liberia  College 500  00 

District  of  Columbia. 
Washington— Miscellaneous 223  50 

Texas. 


By  Rev.  Dr.  Orcutt,  ($2.20.) 
Lavaca— “Good  old  Uncle  Frank” 


(colored)  by  R.  M.  Loughridge.  2 20 
Ohio. 

Glendale—  Rev.  L.  D.  Potter 5 00 

Michigan. 

Marquette— Rev.  Joseph  Harvey, 

D.  D 5 00 

FOR  REPOSITORY. 


Maine- JD7Z-  Town-Mrs.  Sarah  D. 
Stickney,  to  Jan.  1,  1872,  $1. 

Calais— Dea.  Samuel  Kelley,  to 
Feb.  1,  1871,  $11.  Bath — David 
T.  Stinson,  to  Jan.  1,  1872,  by 

Rev.  J.  K.  Converse  $1 13  00 

New  Hampshire- Mount  Vernon 
— J.  A.  Starrett,  to  April  1,1872.  1 00 

Vermont — Hinesburgn—Dr.  D. 
Goodyear,  to  Jan.  1,  1872,  by 


Rev.  J.  K.  Converse 5 00 

Repository 19  00 

Donations 1,180  54 

Legacies... 439  75 

Miscellaneous 223  50 


Total $1,862  79