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rr  ZEE  IE 


Von.  XLIX.]  WASHINGTON,  JULY,  1873.  [No.  7. 


THE  EAST  AFRICAN  SLAVE-TRADE. 

BY  JOSEPH  TRACY,  D.  D. 

Within  a year  or  two,  the  world  has  been  startled  by  the 
revelations  of  Livingstone  and  others  concerning  the  slave- 
trade  from  Central  Africa  to  Mohammedan  Asia.  The  facts, 
indeed,  were  not  new,  but  most  had  forgotten  them,  and  were 
startled  by  the  new  exposure  of  them.  There  was  a stir,  and 
the  British  Government  sent  Sir  Bartle  Frere  to  negotiate  a 
treaty  for  the  suppression  of  this  traffic.  Lately,  a dispatch 
from  Bombay  has  announced  his  success.  The  Sultan,  or 
Imaum,  or  whatever  his  title  may  be,  of  Muscat,  has  received 
him  kindly,  and  made  a treaty,  in  which  he  undertakes  to 
forbid  the  importation  of  slaves  into  Oman;  and  several  Sheiks 
on  the  coast  of  Hadramaut  have  made  similar  agreements. 
This  is  announced,  as  if  the  object  were  accomplished.  But  in 
fact  it  amounts  to  very  little,  and  scarcely  touches  the  great 
evil.  To  understand  its  value,  we  must  take  a short  lesson  in 
geography. 

Oman,  of  which  Muscat  is  the  capital,  is  the  eastern  corner 
of  Arabia,  bounded  on  the  northeast  by  the  Persian  Gulf,  and 
on  the  southeast  by  the  Indian  Ocean.  Next,  to  the  southwest, 
is  Hadramaut,  where  it  was  necessary  to  make  treaties  with 
several  Sheiks,  as  the  Sultan’s  control  does  not  extend  over 
them.  Next,  still  further  to  the  southwest,  occupying  the 
southern  corner  of  Arabia,  is  Yemen,  or  Arabia  Felix — “Araby 
the  blest” — bounded  on  the  southeast  by  the  Indian  Ocean, 
and  on  the  southwest  by  the  Red  Sea.  Northwest  of  Yemen, 
along  the  coast  of  the  Red  Sea,  is  the  Hedjaz.  Sir  Bartle’s 
treaties  do  not  touch  Yemen  and  Hedjaz,  where  there  are  ports 
enough  for  the  landing  of  slaves,  and  whence,  when  landed? 


194 


THE  EAST  AFRICAN  SLAVE-TRADE. 


[July, 


they  can  be  marched  to  all  parts  of  Arabia,  Asiatic  Turkey, 
and  Persia,  as  has  long  been  the  custom.  They  may  even  be 
marched  into  Oman  itself,  and  the  British  Government  will 
find  it  very  difficult  to  identify  them,  so  as  to  secure  their 
liberation. 

The  slave-trade  from  Central  Africa  to  these  countries  has 
for  ages  followed  two  main  routes.  One  is,  northward,  down 
the  valleys  of  the  Nile  and  its  confluents,  and  then  across  some 
mountain  ranges  to  Zeila,  Berbera,  Massowa.  and  other  ports 
on  the  Red  Sea,  and  thence  over  that  sea  into  Yemen,  or  the 
Hedjaz.  The  trade  by  this  route  Sir  Bartle’s  treaties  do  not 
touch. 

The  other  route  is  to  Zanzibar,  on  the  east  Coast  of  Africa, 
and  thence  by  water  across  the  Indian  Ocean,  to  Yemen,  Had- 
ramaut,  Oman,  and  ports  beyond,  even  as  far  as  Bombay.  The 
exportation  to  Bombay  has  been  stopped  by  the  British  Gov- 
ernment, unless  some  are  still  smuggled  in  by  their  Mohamme- 
dan subjects — a practice  which  it  has  been  difficult  entirely  to 
suppress.  These  new  treaties  stipulate  for  its  suppression  at 
the  ports  of  Oman  and  Hadramaut.  And  that  is  all.  The 
rest  is  left  open  as  before.  Slaves  may  still  be  exported  from 
Zanzibar,  and  carried  along  the  Coast  into  the  Red  Sea,  and 
landed  on  its  eastern  shore,  whence  they  can  be  distributed  as 
before  stated.  This  change  in  the  route  is  about  all  the  effect 
which  these  treaties  can  produce  in  the  trade. 

The  great  object  of  Sir  Bartle  Frere’s  mission  should  have 
been  to  prevent  the  exportation  of  slaves  from  Zanzibar  and 
its  vicinity.  That  part  of  the  African  Coast  is  under  the  do- 
minion of  the  Sultan  of  Muscat,  with  whom  the  treaty  was 
made  forbidding  their  importation  into  Oman.  If  he  really 
and  honestly  intended  that  the  traffic  should  cease,  he  would 
as  readily  have  stipulated  to  stop  the  exportation  from  one 
part  of  his  dominions  as  their  importation  into  another.  But 
he  doubtless  knows  the  difference,  and  intends  to  avail  himself 
of  it.  It  may  be  that  Sir  Bartle  sees  it,  too,  and  intends  to 
make  further  arrangements,  which  shall  cover  the  whole  case. 
But  if  he  thinks  that  he  has  succeeded  already,  as  the  des- 
patch seems  to  imply,  he  is  mistaken.  The  Sultan  has  out- 
witted him  completely. 


1873.] 


LIBERIA  METHODIST  MISSION. 


195 


If  the  exportation  from  Zanzibar  and  its  vicinity  could  be 
stopped,  it  would  doubtless  be  a benefit  to  some  of  the  tribes 
near  the  Coast,  from  which  slaves  are  not  worth  transporting  by 
any  other  route.  But  it  would  probably  be  of  little  use  to  those 
of  Central  Africa.  They  would  then  all  go  by  the  other  route, 
through  Abessinia  and  across  the  Red  Sea,  as  a large  part  of 
them  have  always  gone.  To  prevent  this,  the  ports  on  the 
Red  Sea  must  be  closed  against  the  traffic.  This  may  be  done 
by  treaties  with  the  Powers  that  have  dominion  there,  if  they 
will  make  treaties.  Or  it  may  be  easily  done  by  blockade,  on 
the  ground  of  a natural  right  to  prevent  iniquity.  British 
steamers  are  passing  by  the  Suez  Canal  into  the  Red  Sea  and 
through  it  to  India,  and  back  again,  continually,  and  this 
traffic  crosses  their  path  at  right  angles,  and  must  be  felt  as  an 
insult.  In  one  way  or  another  they  must  stop  it,  or  the  mis- 
sion of  Sir  Bartle  Frere  is  but  very  partially  successful. 

Latest. — “It  is  said  to  be  the  intention  of  the  English  Ad- 
miralty to  establish  a guard  and  depot  ship  at  Zanzibar,  in 
furthering  the  means  for  the  suppression  of  the  slave-trade.” 

This,  if  done,  will  amount  to  something;  but  it  is  doubtful 
how  much.  In  1849,  the  British  Consul,  under  a treaty,  pre- 
vented the  trade  at  Zanzibar,  and  it  went  from  an  island  a 
little  to  the  south.  It  may  be  driven  to  that  island  again;  or 
to  Brava,  or  to  Magadoxo,  where  Dr.  Krapf,  in  1853,  saw 
twenty  ships  engaged  in  smuggling  slaves.  (See  African  Re- 
pository, January,  1850,  page  8,  and  October,  1860,  page  292.) 


LIBERIA  METHODIST  MISSION. 

The  work  of  the  Liberia  Conference  hugs  the  sea-coast. 
Monrovia,  the  Capital  of  the  Republic,  is  the  chief  point  of  the 
Conference,  both  as  to  the  wealth  and  number  of  the  members 
of  our  Church.  About  twenty  miles  up  the  St.  Paul’s  river  is 
Millsburg,  and  on  the  bank  opposite  to  it  White  Plains,  the 
former  memorable  for  the  long-continued  and  heroic  labors  of 
Ann  Wilkins.  Out  to  the  east,  and  somewhat  inland,  the  names 
of  Heddington  and  Robertsville  have  a Methodist  ring  in  them, 
and  have  been  familiar  to  the  Church  as  mission  stations  almost 
from  the  beginning  of  our  work  in  Africa.  They  lire  native 
towns,  and  are  yet  upon  the  minutes  as  appointments.  Down 
the  sea-coast  is  Kwias,  sometimes  spelled  Queahs.  It  was 


196 


LIBERIA  METHODIST  MISSION. 


[July, 


among  this  tribe  that  a passing  itinerant  found  an  attentive 
hearer  in  a lad  who  followed  him  out  of  the  bush  into  our  mis- 
sion school,  and  who  afterwards  took  the  name  of  New  Jersey's 
greatest  pulpit  orator,  an  eminent  Corresponding  Secretary  of 
the  Missionary  Society  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
He  it  was  who  stood  in  the  last"  General  Conference  the  one 
only  representative  of  all  Africa,  Charles  A.  Pitman.  With 
unquenchable  desire  for  heathen  work,  his  appointment  for 
the  present  year  reads  thus  in  the  minutes:  “ Queah  Mission, 
Chas.  A.  Pitman.”  He  has  gone  back  to  his  own  tribe  to 
preach  to  them  the  saving  Gospel  of  Jesus  Christ.  Louisiana, 
a town  far  down  on  the  Coast,  is  within  the  work  of  the  Con- 
ference, and  we  have  an  appointment  or  two  in  the  still  farther 
southwest,  forming  what  is  called  the  “Cape  Palmas  District,” 
where  our  latest  advices  tell  of  revivings.  The  strength  of  the 
Conference  is  in  Mesurado  county,  where  we  have  some  thriv- 
ing appointments,  such  as  Monrovia,  New  Georgia,  Upper  and 
Lower  Caldwell,  Millsburg,  and  Carysburg.  Most  of  the  work, 
save  these  and  a town  or  two  on  the  Coast,  is  “native  ” wTork. 

We  have  thus  scattered  ourselves  along  this  five  hundred 
miles  of  Coast  that  constitute  Liberia.  The  Conference  has 
been  a power  for  good  on  this  heathen  shore,  a streak  of  light 
along  the  horizon  of  a sky  all  overcast  with  starless  blackness. 
The  Republic  has  stood  a defence  against  the  slave-trade  on 
the  Coast,  and  a gateway  for  civilization  and  Christianity  to 
the  interior,  standing  ajar  till  faith  should  push  it  open  and 
enter.  There,  too,  is  a Government  that  the  savage  tribes 
both  respect  and  fear,  and  that  will  be  a noble  backing  to  ag- 
gressive movements  upon  the  thick  darkness  beyond.  There, 
best  of  all,  is  a well-organized  Church,  and  a brotherhood  in 
the  ministry  of  Christ  that  will  make  interior  work  not  alto- 
gether an  exile.  The  work  we  have  done  is  the  necessary  an- 
tecedent of  the  work  to  be  done.  We  insert  from  a letter  of 
Bishop  Roberts  the  following  : 

“ Our  present  operations  extend  a distance  of  some  three 
hundred  and  fifty  or  four  hundred  miles  lengthwise,  from  Cape 
Mount  to  Cape  Palmas,  and  interior-ward  some  thirty  miles, 
embraced  in  four  districts,  made  up  of  fourteen  circuits,  in  which 
there  are  twenty-one  preaching  appointments  among  Americo- 
Liberians,  six  established  native  mission  stations  with  schools, 
and  six  appointments  among  the  Congoes,  natives,  at  towns 
severally.  To  these  may  be  added  preaching  at  natives’ 
towns,  irregular,  as  visiting  makes  opportune.  We  have  also 
in  active  operation  thirteen  common  schools.  If  to  the  above 
are  added  expenses  for  building  and  repairs  on  native  stations 
alone;  expenses  for  traveling,  which  is  quite  an  item,  it  may 
be  easily  seen  that  eight  thousand  dollars  appropriated  to  meet 


1873.] 


LIBERIA  METHODIST  MISSION. 


197 


general  expenditures  for  the  work  is  quite  insufficient  for 
healthy,  vigorous,  and  successful  operations  in  its  several  de- 
partments. The  opinion  seems  to  have  obtained  to  no  small 
extent  that  we  are  doing  nothing  for  our  more  heathen  breth- 
ren in  ignorance  and  darkness,  because  we  have  riot  penetrated 
the  jungle  and  gone  into  far  distant  ‘regions  beyond.’  Such 
opinions  are  erroneous.  There  are  thousands  within  a very 
few  miles  around  us  in  daily  observance  of  the  lowest  heathen 
customs  and  superstition,  without  the  knowledge  of  the  true 
God  and  the  Saviour  of  mankind.  The  radiating  influences  of 
Christianity  and  civilization  are  spreading  out  from  the  few 
mission  stations  established,  and  the  effects  are  seen  in  contin- 
ued applications  from  headmen  at  other  points  and  towns.” 

Our  Board  has  appropriated  ten  thousaud  dollars  for  an 
Intro-African  Mission,  to  be  under  the  episcopal  supervision  of 
Bishop  Janes.  The  Bishop  and  Secretaries  will,  if  possible, 
enter  the  field  the  present  year,  and  it  may  surprise  the  Church 
that  men,  white  and  colored,  are  at  hand  for  the  work,  ready 
to  go  if  sent.  Let  us  look  at  the  interior  field  nearest  Liberia, 
to  which,  therefore,  we  feel  more  naturally  called. 

A range  of  mountains  runs  nearly  parallel  to  the  ocean  shore, 
and  about  five  hundred  miles  distant  from  it,  stretching  from 
Senegambia  nearly  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  At  about  the 
middle  of  this  range  it  sends  a branch  horizontally  across  the 
continent,  called  the  Mountains  of  the  Moon,  and  north  of  these 
the  range  is  called  Kong  Mountains.  In  spurs  of  these  last- 
named  mountains  rise  the  St.  Paul’s,  and  other  rivers;  and  on 
the  other  side  of  the  mountains,  opposite  to  Liberia,  probably, 
rises  the  far-famed  Niger. 

Musardu  is  two  thousand  two  hundred  and  fifty-seven  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  with  a healthful  climate,  and  cool 
and  limpid  streams.  Bopor©  is  some  five  hundred  and  sixty- 
four  feet  above  the  sea,  and  is  a barricaded  town  of  import- 
ance, and  would  be  a good  station.  Musardu  is  the  capital  of 
the  Western  Mandingoes,  the  most  famous,  most  cultured,  and 
most  enterprising  tribe  in  Western  Africa. 

The  Bousies,  both  Domar  and  Wymars,  and  the  Barlines,  are 
quite  advanced  races.  The  Yeys  have  invented  an  alphabet  of 
their  own,  unlike  any  other  in  the  world.  There  is  more  hope 
of  people  of  this  rank  than  of  those  well-nigh  imbruted  in 
character. 

Three  of  the  most  honored  and  intelligent  men  of  Liberia 
addressed  the  Society  at  its  late  annual  meeting  on  the  subject 
of  interior- work,  namely,  Hon.  H.  W.  Dennis,  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  of  Liberia;  Hon.  J.  K.  Freeman,  Comptroller;  and 
Bev.  J.  S.  Payne,  an  honored  name  in  Methodism,  as  are  also 
the  other  two.  They  say  : 


198 


listeria  annual  conference. 


[July 


“We  heartily  indorse  the  general  principles  or  theory  of 
Melville  Cox — a theory  which  the  Rev.  John  Seys  endeavored 
to  carry  out  when  he  established  the  mission  at  Boporo  among 
the  Mandingoes,  about  seventy-five  miles  from  the  Coast.  The 
early  fathers  of  the  mission,  and  some  of  their  immediate  suc- 
cessors, laid  a noble  foundation,  which  it  is  to  be  regretted  was 
not  persistently  built  upon.  Their  labors,  however,  furnish  an 
important  .starting-point.  What  it  is  evident  now  we  need  is 
to  go  forward  with  the  work  from  the  settlements  for  the 
evangelization  of  the  heathen  tribes — doing  the  double  work 
of  reclaiming  wild  lands  and  teaching  a barbarous  people  the 
arts  of  civilized  life.  And  we  are  persuaded  that  each  step  in 
advance  will  enlarge  our  conception  of ‘what  ought  to  be  done 
and  what  is  possible  to  do,  and  make  us  more  and  more  dissat- 
isfied with  what  has  been  done.” 

Bishop  Roberts,  in  an  earnest  communication,  indorses  this 
plan,  and  pleads  for  greatly  enlarged  appropriations  to  the  reg- 
ular work.  He  also  tells  of  some  gracious  revivals.  The  whole 
tenor  of  our  correspondence  is  that  the  Republic  of  Liberia 
and  the  Church  it  embosoms  are  soon  to  rise  to  a higher  des- 
tiny. May  God  grant  it,  and  may  Ethiopia  soon  open  to  the 
Gospel ! — Missionary  Advocate. 


LIBERIA  ANNUAL  CONFERENCE. 

The  reports  from  the  Liberia  Conference,  which  held  its 
session  at  Robertsport,  January  29th,  have  come  to  hand.  The 
statistics  show  one  hundred  probationers,  two  thousand  mem- 
bers, forty- four  local  preachers;  twenty-five  churches,  valued 
at  $11,975;  six  parsonages,  valued  at  $8,000;  twenty-six  Sun- 
day-schools, two  hundred  and  twenty-one  officers  and  teachers, 
one  thousand  two  hundred  scholars,  seven  hundred  and  twen- 
ty-two volumes, in  library.  The  appointments  of  the  preach- 
ers are  as  follows : 

Monrovia  District,  P.  Gross,  P.  E — Monrovia,  H.  E.  Fuller, 
J.  S.  Payne,  H.  H.  Whitfield,  superintendents.  St.  Paul’s 
River  Circuit,  H.  B.  Capehart,  J.  M.  Moore,  O.  Richards, 
superintendents.  Millsburg  and  White  Plains  Circuit,  S.  J. 
Campbell.  Carysburg  Circuit,  to  be  supplied.  Queah  Mission, 
G.  J.  Magruder.  Heddington  Mission,  Hardy  Ryan.  Roberts- 
port and  Bendoo  Mission,  L.  R.  Roberts;  one  to  be  supplied. 
Marshall  and  Mount  Olive  Station,  J.  H.  Deputie.  Arthington 
Mission,  to  be  supplied.  Ammon’s  Station,  to  be  supplied. 

Bassa  District,  W.  P.  Kennedy , P.  E. — Buchanan  Circuit, 
to  be  supplied.  Bexley  Circuit,  J.  E.  Moore.  Edina  Circuit, 
to  be  supplied.  Bassa  Mission  and  Pangadoos  Town,  W.  P. 


1873.] 


SOUTHERN  BAPTIST  MISSION  IN  LIBERIA. 


199 


Kennedy,  Sen.  Durbinville  Native  Station,  W.  P.  Kennedy, 
Jan. 

Sinou  District,  C.  A.  Pitman , P.  E. — Greenville  Circuit,  C. 
A.  Pitman.  Lexington  Circuit,  to  be  supplied.  Nimo  Coun- 
try, J.  C.  Lowrie.  Louisiana,  to  be  supplied. 

Cape  Palmas  District,  D.  Ware,  P.  E. — Mt.  Scott  Circuit, 
Charles  H.  Harman.  Philadelphia  Station,  to  be  supplied. 
Grebo  Mission,  Daniel  Ware. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  Conference  has  an  effective  force  of 
but  fourteen  men,  though  forty-four  local  preachers,  some  of 
them  supplies  on  the  circuits,  somewhat  make  up  for  this  defi- 
ciency. Great  attention  is  evidently  paid  to  the  native  work. 
The  report  of  the  Bishop  is  encouraging,  revivals  having  oc- 
curred at  many  points.  We  rejoice  to  note  among  the  active 
Sunday-school  workers  of  Monrovia  some  of  the  noblest  spirits 
of  the  Pepublic,  such  as  Hon.  H.  W.  Dennis,  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury;  G.  Moore,  Esq.,  and  lady;  Mrs.  Hon.  B.  E.  Wilson, 
and  Mrs.  Timberlake,  daughter  of  the  late  Bishop  Burns. 
Bishop  Koberts,  besides  his  episcopal  duties,  serves  as  circuit 
preacher  at  St.  Paul’s  river.  The  next  Conference  is  to  be 
held  at  Clay- Ashland,  January  27,  1874. — Ibid. 


From  the  Home  and  Foreign  Journal. 

SOUTHERN  BAPTIST  MISSION  IN  LIBERIA. 

Dear  Brother  : I shall  hope  to  keep  you  advised  in  matters 
and  things  that  may  be  profitable  for  the  advancement  of 
Christ’s  kingdom  in  this  benighted  land.  It  would  be  a 
task  beyond  my  capacity  to  describe  the  pleasure  your  letter 
gave  me.  It  came  to  hand  a few  days  after  my  return  home 
from  a visit  to  the  mission  stations  on  the  Junk  river.  I vis- 
ited Rev.  Herndon’s  station  at  the  head  of  the  Junk  on 
the  Bassa  side;  found  that  Brother  H.  had  dismissed  his  school, 
and  was  then  engaged  in  repairing  his  house  of  worship.  He 
said  that  he  had  no  doubt  but  what  it  would  soon  be  wanted. 
I paid  Rev.  W.  F.  Gibson’s  church  at  Marshall  a visit;  found 
that  in  quite  a prosperous  condition.  Brother  Gibson  is  the 
missionary  who  was  at  King  Zeo’s.  He  informed  me  that  he 
had  just  received  a messenger  from  one  of  King  Zeo’s  sons, 
saying  that  the  disturbances  would  be  soon  settled,  and 
that  he  would  come  down  in  a short  time  to  carry  him  back.  I 
hope  this  may  be  so. 

I then  visited  our  station  at  Congo  Town.  This  is  a place 
belonging  to  recaptured  Africans,  a very  deserving  people. 
Brethren  Gibson  and  Tittler  make  them  occasional  visits,  and 
break  the  Bread  of  Life  to  them,  for  which  they  are  thankful. 


200  SOUTHERN  BAPTIST  MISSION  IN  LIBERIA.  [July, 

I then  made  a visit  to  Taylorsville,  a mission  station  about 
nine  miles  from  Marshall  and  six  miles  from  the  landing,  on 
the  east  side  of  the  Junk  river.  This  station  struck  me  with 
surprise  at  the  vast  improvements  made  since  my  last  visit 
in  May.  It  is  under  the  government  and  tuition  of  Sister 
Josephine  Early.  I found  her  busily  engaged  in  school.  This 
station  deserves  particular  mention  on  account  of  the  special 
efforts  put  forth  by  her  both  in  erecting  a school-house,  mostly 
at  her  own  expense,  and  in  the  building  of  a suitable  dwelling, 
which  the  natives  themselves  put  up,  doing  such  work  on  it  as 
they  could  do  at  one-half  the  usual  price,  which  shows  the 
deep  interest  taken  by  these  people  in  the  mission  opera- 
tions here.  The  most  remarkable  and  interesting  fea- 
ture in  this  station  is  the  female  element.  There  are  fifteen 
pupils  in  this  school,  seven  of  whom  are  girls.  It  is  a very 
difficult  task  to  obtain  native  girls  at  mission  stations  on  this 
Coast.  In  this  Sister  Early  has  succeeded.  Her  skill  in  the 
native  language,  and  her  interest  and  zeal  in  the  work,  give 
her  much  praise  and  promise  of  very  interesting  results.  It 
would  be  a great  pity  to  turn  these  girls  loose,  and  subject  them 
again  to  the  tender  mercies  of  heathen  parents. 

Since  August  last  Sister  Early  has  been  providing  breadstuff 
for  the  feeding  of  these  girls  and  boys  from  the  farm  cultivated 
by  her  and  the  children  of  this  station.  With  the  exception 
of  a little  hired  help  to  do  the  heavy  work,  she  has  accom- 
plished all  the  work  at  this  place  at  her  own  cost,  except  a 
little  outside  help  which  I gave  her  in  lumber  and  nails.  She 
owes  on  all  this  work  about  one  hundred  dollars,  which  I have 
asked  the  Board  to  help  pay  her,  as  she  is  deserving  encour- 
agement. 

Rev.  Mr.  Gibson  and  Brother  Tittler  continue  to  visit  and 
preach  at  this  station.  Taylorsville  school  is  sadly  in  want  of 
elementary  books.  I have  said  much  about  the  station,  but 
not  as  much  as  it  deserves.  As  soon  as  boys  and  girls  are 
taken  in  this  school  they  want  an  American  name.  Will  you 
adopt  one  or  two  boys  and  girls,  and  send  their  names  to  Sister 
Early?  The  discipline  at  this  place  is  most  strictly  enforced ; 
she  makes  them  work  two  hours  in  the  morning  and  two  in 
the  afternoon;  the  balance  of  the  time  is  spent  in  school. 

I made  a visit  to  what  is  called  Oldfield  Station,  King  Gray’s 
District.  Brother  Underwood  had  charge  of  this  station.  This 
place  is  inhabited  by  recaptured  Africans  of  the  Congo  tribe. 
The  brother  who  bad  charge  of  this  station  died  in  July  last; 
since  then  no  appointment  has  been  made.  Brother  Thomas 
Early  (from  New  Georgia)  makes  occasional  visits  and  breaks 
to  them  the  Bread  of  Life.  I am  invited  by  his  Excellency  the 
President  to  accompany  him  to  this  place  (the  Oldfield)  to 


1873.] 


201 


LIBERIA  BAPTIST  MISSION. 

meet  King  Gray,  his  chiefs  and  headmen,  to  make  some  more 
permanent  arrangements  for  the  local  government  of  this  dis- 
trict. The  Liberian  Government  has  promised  school  teach- 
ers to  the  King.  The  mission  and  churches  will  supply  the 
spiritual  wants.  This  is  a large  district,  and  well  inhabited, 
with  plenty  of  room  for  missionary  operations.  We  have  a good 
many  Baptists  among  this  people. 

Yours,  sincerely,  in  Christian  love,  B.  P.  Yates. 


LIBERIA  BAPTIST  MISSION. 

The  following  letter  is  from  Rev.  J.  T.  Richardson,  Secre- 
tary of  the  local  Society  in  Liberia,  which  acts  with  and  tor 
the  Missionary  Union,  in  the  general  direction  of  the  work  in 
Africa : 

Fruit  Gathered. — By  this  }Tou  will  learn  that  my  undivided 
time  is  given  to  the  glorious  work  of  preaching  and  teaching 
the  aborigines  and  the  churches  in  the  vicinity  of  this  place. 

On  December  1,  1872, 1 was  called  to  visit  Clay-Ashland,  for 
the  purpose  of  baptizing  and  administering  the  Lord’s  Supper. 
Having  just  recovered  from  a severe  attack  of  the  rheumatism 
and  an  affection  of  the  liver,  it  was  thought  imprudent  for  me 
to  baptize;  so  Bro.  Early,  being  present,  baptized  ten  individ- 
uals, all  natives,  but  one  girl;  one  of  the  number  being  a Vey 
boy,  vrho  was  converted — as  I mentioned  to  you  sometime 
ago — at  Monrovia. 

On  the  15th  of  the  same  month,  my  health  having  consider- 
ably improved,  I crossed  the  St.  Paul’s  river  to  Caldwell,  and 
there  I baptized  ten  persons,  one  of  the  number  being  a stu- 
dent of  the  Training  School. 

On  the  5th  of  January,  1873,  being  the  Sabbath,  I left  Vir- 
ginia for  the  purpose  of  visiting  Brewerville  church,  a settle- 
ment five  miles  from  the  banks  of  the  St.  Paul’s  river.  I 
preached  to  a mixed  congregation,  consisting  of  Mandingoes, 
Congoes,  Veys,  Golahs,  and  Americans.  Such  were  the  inter- 
esting circumstances  connected  with  this  visit,  that,  though 
feeble,  I preached  twice  on  the  same  day.  This  is  a most  im- 
portant station.  It  is  near  Vonswah.  From  here  to  the 
heart  of  Africa  is  the  principal  thoroughfare  of  trade  and  com- 
munication, so  far  as  Liberia  is  concerned.  Brewerville  being 
so  near,  it  may  be  considered  as  the  center,  or  the  point  from 
which  future  operations  interior-ward  are  to  be  commenced. 
From  Vonswah  and  its  vicinity  do  the  natives  from  the  in- 
terior come  to  hear  the  Gospel  preached  at  Brewerville.  Last 
Sabbath,  the  19th  inst.  I visited  this  station  again,  preached  in 
the  morning,  and  in  the  afternoon  administered  the  Lord’s 
Supper. 


202 


A NEW  BISHOP  FOR  LIBERIA. 


[July 


Onward  to  the  Interior .- — My  heart’s  desire  is  interior- ward. 
My  whole  desire  and  ambition  is  to  go  and  carry  the  Gospel 
into  the  interior,  notwithstanding  the  interesting  prospect  on 
the  Coast. 

I informed  you  some  months  ago,  that  my  connection  with 
the  Providence  Baptist  Church,  as  pastor,  has  been  severed. 
This  relief  from  my  pastoral  labors  in  the  town  of  Monrovia 
enables  me  to  devote  so  much  the  more  of  my  attention  to 
those  who  really  need  it. 

My  motto  is,  “Onward  to  the  Interior!”  For  “they  that 
be  whole  need  not  a phj^sician,  but  they  that  are  sick.”  So  let 
us  transfer  our  labors  from  the  civilized  settlements  to  the 
more  remote  and  barbarous  regions. 

The  Training  School. — The  Training  School  in  Virginia  num- 
bers 14  students.  The  school  is  composed  of  various  material: 
5 Bassa  boys,  1 Golah,  3 Congoes,  and  5 Liberians.  With  the 
exception  of  3,  all  are  members  of  the  Church.  The  former 
teacher  of  the  Training  School,  being  in  ill  health,  has  resigned 
his  position,  and  his  place  has  been  filled  by  Robert  .Richard- 
son, a recent  graduate  of  the  Liberia  College.  His  examina- 
tion being  satisfactory  and  approved  by  the  professors  and  the 
examiners,  our  committee  saw  proper  to  appoint  him  as 
teacher  of  the  Training  School,  at  a salary  of  three  hundred 
dollars  per  annum,  until  further  orders  and  instructions  from 
the  Board. — Baptist  Missionary  Magazine. 


A NEW  BISHOP  FOR  LIBERIA. 

The  consecration  of  the  Rev.  John  G.  Auer,  D.  D.,  as  Mis- 
sionary Bishop  of  Cape  Palmas,  Africa,  took  place  on  Thursday, 
April  17th,  in  St.  John’s  Church,  Georgetown,  D.  C.  The 
venerable  Bishop  Smith  of  Kentucky,  as  President  of  the 
House  of  Bishops,  conducted  the  services,  assisted  by  Bishops 
Lee  of  Delaware,  Johns  of  Virginia,  Pinckney  of  Maryland, 
Payne  late  of  Cape  Palmas,  and  Armitage  of  Wisconsin,  to- 
gether with  Drs.  Watkins  of  Washington,  Williams  of  George- 
town, Haight  and  Potter  of  New  York,  Nicholson  of  Newark, 
Crammer  of  Baltimore,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Atkins,  Rector  of  St. 
John’s.  The  occasion  was  one  of  deep  interest,  and  drew  to- 
gether a large  audience  of  the  laity,  many  of  whom,  from  the 
infrequency  of  such  services  at  the  South,  had  never  before 
witnessed  the  consecration  of  a Bishop. 

Dr.  Auer,  who  had  only  recently  arrived  from  Germany, 
where  he  had  been  spending  a brief  vacation,  looked  more 
vigorous  and  stalwart  than  when  last  in  the  United  States. 
He  was  presented  for  consecration  by  his  predecessor  in  the 
African  Episcopate,  Bishop  Payne,  and  Bishop  Pinckney,  of  the 


1873.] 


FRENCH  BASUTO  MISSIONS. 


203 


Diocese  of  Maryland.  Bishop  Armitage  preached  the  sermon, 
and  rarely  has  the  evangelization  of  Africa  been  more  tenderly, 
more  eloquently,  or  more  effectively  presented:  the  unflagging 
attention  and  occasional  deep  emotion  of  the  audience  bearing 
witness  to  the  interest  it  aroused. 

In  the  evening  a Missionary  meeting  was  held  in  Christ 
Church,  Georgetown,  at  which,  to  another  large  and  interested 
audience,  the  newly  consecrated  Bishop  gave  an  account,  at 
once  amusing,  instructive,  and  affecting,  of  his  field,  his  work, 
his  plans,  and  purposes.  He  thinks  his  field  has  improved  much 
more  beneath  his  labors  and  those  of  his  predecessors  and  co- 
workers than  many  have  been  willing  to  imagine.  His  work  of 
instruction,  evangelization,  and  civilization  was  detailed,  and 
showed  an  immense  amount  accomplished.  And  then  came  his 
plans  and  purposes,  looking  to  a far  greater  breadth  of  field,  to 
a far  wider  sweep  of  labor,  and  to  a far  more  perfect  introduc- 
tion of  the  arts  of  life. — Episcopal  Register. 

FRENCH  BASUTO  MISSIONS. 

BY  MRS.  K.  C.  BINDLEY. 

Some  brave  and  good  men  and  women,  who  with  all  the 
grace  and  charm  of  the  French  people,  mingle  the  courage 
aud  perseverance  necessary  to  a life  of  trial  and  labor,  have 
made  their  homes  among  the  Basutos  of  Southern  Africa; 
and  in  that  far-off  and  lonely  region  they  are  working  with 
great  effect.  Some  of  these  men  remind  me  of  the  Brothers 
Monod  of  Paris,  so  well  known  in  this  country,  or  of  Cesar 
Malan,  whose  home  in  Geneva  has  been  visited  by  many  an 
American.  His  noble  face  and  look  as  well  as  his  books  are 
not  easily  forgotten.  Had  many  of  these  Basuto  missionaries 
settled  as  pastors  in  their  own  land,  they  would  have  been 
distinguished  and  well  known.  But  their  home  is  far  awaj", 
and  their  life-work  is  hidden  from  the  world,  in  the  dark  inte- 
rior of  Southern  Africa. 

There  is  a peculiar  gentleness  and  politeness  about  these 
men  which  have,  I think,  given  them  a special  influence  over 
those  Africans,  and  fitted  them  peculiarly  to  win  their  affec- 
tion. Among  the  missionaries  of  various  nations  in  that  re- 
gion, lywever  much  as  some  may  be  respected,  I am  sure  none 
are  loved  as  the  French  missionaries  are.  It  would  seem  that 
no  mark  of  affection  is  too  strong  to  show  them,  no  expression 
of  love  and  admiration  too  earnest  to  apply  to  their  “fathers,” 
as  the  natives  call  them. 

These  missionaries  are  sent  out  and  have  been  supported  by 
the  “Evangelical  Missionary  Society  of  Paris.”  The  first  of 
their  number  arrived  in  South  Africa  about  the  year  1830. 


204 


THE  TIMBO  EXPEDITION. 


[July, 


After  traveling  some  distance,  they  found  a place  which  they 
considered  favorable  for  their  work,  but  their  hopes  were  soon 
crushed  by  the  threats  and  menaces  of  the  great  Zulu  chief 
Moselekatze. 

The  Zulus  live  on  the  Coast,  and  among  them  the  mission- 
aries of  our  “American  Board”  have  been  working  for  years. 
The  earl}7  history  of  the  Zulus,  as  far  back  as  it  is  known,  is  a 
record  of  wars  and  bloodshed,  and  after  one  great  battle, 
Moselekatze  took  part  of  the  Zulu  tribe  with  him  into  the  in- 
terior, many  hundred  miles  from  their  homes  and  their  own 
land.  Here  he  held  a reign  of  terror  over  black  and  white, 
till  his  death  a year  or  two  since.  He  drove  the  American 
missionaries  from  his  territory  many  years  ago,  and  at  the 
time  of  which  I am  speaking,  the  French  missionaries  found 
they  could  not  remain  in  his  neighborhood.  Many  black 
people  removed  with  them  in  fear  of  their  lives,  until  they 
were  beyond  the  reach  of  this  terrible  chief. 

The  chief  of  the  Basutos  was  a great  man,  and  for  a savage 
a wise  man.  He  was  weary  of  war  and  plunder,  in  which  he 
was  almost  always  the  losing  party.  A native  who  had  lived 
in  the  region  of  some  English  missionaries  to  the  south  of 
Basuto-land,  told  him  that  if  he  could  get  a “ praying  man,” 
he  would  prosper  and  be  at  peace.  Moshesh,  after  making 
various  attempts  to  obtain  a missionary,  finally  sent  down  a 
large  number  of  cattle  “to  buy  one.”  His  perseverance  ob- 
tained for  him  what  he  wanted,  although  of  course  his  cattle 
were  refused. 

The  French  missionaries  made  one  station  after  another  in 
Basuto-land,  and  always  received  from  the  chief  Moshesh  all 
the  favor  and  kindness  that  could  be  desired.  He  died  a short 
time  ago,  and  though  he  never  abandoned  heathenism  and  its 
customs,  his  children  were  taught,  and  are  many  of  them 
civilized. — Christian  Weekly. 


THE  TIMBO  EXPEDITION. 

We  are  glad  to  be  able  to  report  that  the  Timbo  Expedition 
party  returned  to  Sierra  Leone  on  Saturday,  March  8,  in 
excellent  health.  The  journey  to  and  from  Timbo  was  per- 
formed within  sixty-three  days — a comparatively  shoi^t  time. 
The  several  kings  and  chiefs  through  whose  countries  they 
passed  did  not  impose  the  usual  delays  and  attendant  ceremo- 
nies. This  was  a fortunate  thing  for  the  expedition.  The 
King  of  Timbo  received  Mr.  Blyden  very  warmly,  and  very 
readily  entered  into  a treaty  with  our  Government,  for  pre- 
serving and  increasing  commercial  and  other  relations.  He 
was  preparing  to  go  to  a war  when  Mr.  Blyden  met  him.  The 


1873.] 


FAILURE  OF  THE  ZANZIBAR  MISSION. 


205 


war  is  undertaken  by  himself  and  other  Kings,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  suppressing  the  Hooboos,  who  for  more  than  thirty 
years  have  disturbed  the  peace  of  the  country,  and  rendered 
life  and  property  generally  insecure.  The  expedition  left 
15,000  cavalry  and  infantry  of  the  King  of  Timbo  preparing 
for  a campaign,  and  most  eager  for  a fight  against  sinners,  as 
they  termed  them.  Three  or  four  times  that  number  was 
expected  soon  to  join  them.  The  King  said  he  would  give  him- 
self no  rest,  till  even  a child  should  be  able  to  travel  in  safety 
from  Timbo  to  Sierra  Leone.  He  has  only  but  recently  come 
to  the  throne — The  Negro. 


FAILURE  OF  THE  ZANZIBAR  MISSION. 

Advices  from  Zanzibar  announce  the  failure  of  the  proposed 
new  treaty  to  suppress  the  horrible  slave-trade.  Impelled  by 
the  earnest  representations  of  the  illustrious  Livingstone — 
written  from  the  depths  of  his  sufferings  in  Middle  Africa — 
England  made  a noble  offer  to  the  petty  Sultan  of  Zanzibar. 
She  sent  Sir  Bartle  Frere  to  tell  him  that  she  would  assume  and 
pay  the  annual  subsidy,  for  which  he  is  now  bound  to  the 
Iraaum  of  Muscat,  guarantee  his  own  sovereignty,  and  give 
him  her  armed  help,  if  he  would  make  a new  treaty,  prohibit- 
ing the  slave-trade  in  his  dominions.  That  traffic  is  at  pres- 
ent sanctioned  by  the  treaty  of  1845;  and  Zanzibar  (the  town) 
is  the  chief  port  through  which  hundreds  of  thousands  of  Afri- 
cans are  passed  on  their  way  to  slavery  and  death.  This  great 
work  follows,  logically,  upon  Livingstone’s  explorations.  He 
did  not  go  into  the  centre  of  Africa,  at  the  risk  of  his  life,  and 
endure  all  those  years  of  sickness,  and  manifold  hardships, 
solely  to  look  up  Ptolemy’s  four  fountains.  Geographical  dis- 
covery is  but  one  of  his  objects:  his  great  aim  is  to  carry 
Christianity  and  civilization  into  new  regions.  The  deeper 
he  penetrated  into  the  wilderness,  the  more  he  became  im- 
pressed with  the  extent  and  the  accursed  influence  of  the  slave- 
trade. 

To  arrest  the  wholesale  work  of  destruction  at  this  junc- 
ture was  the  design  of  Sir  Bartle  Frere’s  mission  to  Zan- 
zibar. England  had  hoped  that  the  Sultan  would  consent  to 
.her  terms.  His  only  excuse  for  not  stopping  the  slave-trade 
himself,  by  barring  its  exit  through  his  ports,  was,  that  he  was 
obliged  from  that  source  to  earn  the  revenue  for  paying  a sub- 
sidy to  the  Imaum  of  Muscat.  England  struck  out  that  spec- 
ious plea,  by  offering  to  assume  the  payment  and  secure  him 
on  his  mimic  throne,  and  to  enforce,  by  her  own  arms,  his  pro- 
hibition of  the  trade.  When  Sir  Bartle  Frere  appears  before 
him  now,  he  finds  new  reasons  for  declining  England’s  propo- 


206 


COMMERCIAL  AFRICA. 


[July, 


sition.  His  dominions  would  suffer,  commercially  and  finan- 
cially, if  the  supply  of  slave-labor  were  cut  off.  Slavery  is  sanc- 
tioned by  the  Mohammedan  religion  and  by  ancient  custom, 
and  to  abolish  the  trade  in  slaves  would  lead  to  insurrection. 
Finally,  no  confidence  could  be  placed  in  new  treaties.  Such 
are  some  of  the  reasons  assigned  by  this  miniature  despot  for 
throwing  himself  across  the  track  of  civilization,  and  defying 
the  opinion  of  the  world.  It  is  possible  that  the  Sultan  of  Zan- 
zibar may  be  looking  for  a higher  bid  from  England,  and  that 
the  great  work  may  yet  be  peacefully  consummated  through  a 
treaty.  But  whether  the  Sultan  consents  or  not,  the  slave- 
trade,  which  is  blighting  Africa,  must  be  suppressed. — Journal 
of  Commerce. 


COMMERCIAL  AFRICA. 

The  leading  question  discussed  in  the  last  number  of  the 
Geographischen  Mittheillungen  is  that  of  African  discovery. 
Among  the  correspondence  opened  on  the  subject  and  the 
geograpical  information  elicited  by  Dr.  Petermann,  of  Gotha, 
who  has  advocated  for  some  time  the  systematic  exploration 
of  the  Congo  region,  the  most  important  are  the  letters  of  Mr. 
Fricke,  a German  trader  of  Porto,  whose  dealings  with  Western 
and  Eastern  Africa  are  very  extensive,  reaching  far  into  the 
unknown  interior  of  the  continent.  From  these  letters  it  ap- 
pears that  our  commercial  intercourse  with  the  interior  of 
Africa  extends  further  than  indicated  by  our  geographies  and 
maps.  The  commercial  relations  established  by  this  trader 
extend  westward  as  far  as  Cassanga  and  Cuanga,  one  of  the 
Congo’s  confluents,  and  eastward  to  the  Zumbo  and  beyond — 
regions  scarcely  in  geographical  circles.  Zumbo,  which  is  set 
down  on  the  map  as  a ruin,  was  rebuilt  by  the  Portuguese  as 
early  as  1661,  and  a brisk  trade  is  thence  being  carried  on  with 
the  interior.  It  is  called  a city,  and  two  traders  of  Fricke’s 
acquaintance,  Ferrez  and  Correia,  have  passed  six  years  there, 
and  nineteen  in  the  adjacent  region.  These  experienced  men, 
as  well  as  Fricke  himself,  are  of  the  opinion  that  more  might 
be  accomplished  in  the  interior  through  the  aid  of  the  traders 
than  Livingstone  has  thus  far  effected,  and  that  the  next  visit 
of  exploration  should  have  rather  a mercantile  than  a consular 
or  missionary  character.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  English 
goods  go  by  land,  via  Zanzibar,  as  far  as  Zumbo;  also  that 
Ferrez  and  Correia  have  ascertained  the  existence  of  a river 
in  Gazembie  which  flows  to  Angola — a new  proof  of  the  identi- 
ty of  Livingstone’s  Lualaba  with  the  Congo. 

As  regards  the  route  for  the  expedition,  the  southern,  via 
Golungo,  Alto,  Melange,  and  Cassange,  is  recommended,  it 
being  protected  for  at  least  three  hundred  marine  miles  by 


1873.] 


COMMERCIAL  AFRICA. 


207 


Portuguese  posts.  The  northern  route,  between  the  mouth  of 
the  Zaire  and  the  fifth  degree  of  south  latitude,  is,  as  Fricke 
writes,  dangerous  on  account  of  its  climate,  while  the  natives 
are  more  hostile  than  those  who  live  further  south.  Accord- 
ing to  Captain  Burton  another  good  starting-point  is  Loango 
Bay,  somewhat  north  of  the  fifth  degree  of  south  latitude. 

The  English  expedition  under  Lieutenant  W.  J.  Grandy  has 
already  left  Liverpool.  The  purpose  of  the  expedition  is  to 
reach  the  Congo  (via  Loando  to  San  Salvador)  at  its  furthest 
point  above  the  falls,  and  so  to  avoid  the  hostile  races  on  the 
lower  Congo;  then  ascend  the  stream  in  one  or  two  large  na- 
tive boats  to  the  place  visited  by  Livingstone,  whom  it  was  ex- 
pected to  meet  before  the  close  of  the  year.  While  the  Grandy 
expedition  is  doing  this,  a second  expedition,  under  Lieutenant 
Cameron  and  Dr.  Dillon,  connected  with  the  mission  of  Sir 
Bartle  Frcre,  will  leave  Zanzibar  for  the  interior,  also  in  the 
hope  of  meeting  Livingstone,  while  making  independent  dis- 
coveries. 

To  explore  the  Congo  region,  as  well  as  to  methodically  sup- 
plement our  knowledge  of  the  interior,  the  geographers  of 
Germany  organized  an  “African  Society”  in  January  last,  to 
which  considerable  sums  have  been  contributed.  The  first  ex- 
pedition to  be  sent  out  will  make  the  Loango  Coast  the  basis 
of  operations,  and  be  commanded  by  Dr.  Gussfeldt,  the  math- 
ematician of  the  Berlin  Astronomical  Observatory.  The  route 
proposed  from  Loango  eastward  agrees  with  the  object  con- 
templated by  the  English  expedition. 

The  greatest  drawback  the  explorers  encounter  in  equatorial 
Africa  is  the  necessity  of  using  men  as  carriers.  Were  it  prac- 
ticable to  employ  young  elephants  for  this  service  half  the 
difficulties  would  vanish.  If  the  English  shipped  elephants 
from  India  for  their  Abessinian  expedition,  and  make  them 
carry  the  heavy,  baggage  and  cannon  over  Alpine  heights, 
there  is  no  reason  why  these  docile  animals  should  not  be 
used  in  a similar  way  farther  south.  Dr.  Petermann  very 
warmly  urges  the  experiment  to  be  tried  in  Africa  at  the 
earliest  possible  opportunity.  The  casual  thinker  is  in  the 
habit  of  estimating  altogether  too  lightly  the  value  of  these 
efforts  to  explore  the  unknown  portions  of  the  earth,  and  bring 
them  to  the  view  of  the  civilized  world.  The  result  to  science 
and  to  commerce,  by  the  opening  up  of  the  heart  of  this  great 
unknown  region  of  one  of  the  richest  and  most  luxuriant  quar- 
ters of  the  globe,  can  hardly  be  overrated.  Even  to  the  most 
selfish  man  of  business  these  expeditions  of  exploration  have  an 
interest  to  be  finally  appreciated  in  the  familiar  guise  of  dollars 
and  cents. — Chicago  Inner- Ocean. 


208 


WHO  WILL  ANSWER? 


[July, 


WHO  WILL  ANSWER1? 

BY  MRS.  L.  T.  GUERNSEY. 

Shall  the  stream  resign  its  motion, 

And  the  ponderous  wheel  its  power, — 

Shall  the  sea  in  dying  murmurs 
Bid  her  breakers  leave  the  shore, 

And  her  scattered  wrecks  be  sounding 
Funeral  dirges  evermore, — 

All  because  the  little  streamlet 
Stops  to  dally  with  the  flower? 

Shall  the  brighest  harvest  perish, 

With  the  reaper  and  the  sower, — 

Shall  the  cry  of  want  and  sorrow, 

Echoing  from  door  to  door, 

Make  our  earth  in  desolation 
Vainly  mourn  its  natal  hour, 

While  the  clouds  in  grandeur  rolling, 

Mockingly  withhold  the  shower? 

Shall  the  River  of  Salvation, 

Bearing  on  its  waters  bright 
Freighted  barks  to  every  nation, 

Freighted  rich  with  love  and  light, — 

Cease  its  ever  onward  flowing, 

Wreck  its  barks  along  the  strand, 

Just  because  the  mission  brooklets 
Stop  to  play  with  golden  sands? 

Shall  the  Lord’s  ungathered  harvests, 

Wither  ’neath  a scorching  sun — 

Shall  His  scattered,  toil-worn  reapers 
Find  their  night  ere  day  is  done? — 

Shall  earth’s  darkened  sons  and  daughters 
Sink  beneath  their  weight  of  woe, 

While  we  chant  in  gorgeous  temples 
Our  Te  Deurns  as  they  go? 

While  from  mountain  unto  valley 
Fainting  souls  for  succor  call, 

Shall  we  count  our  hoarded  treasures, — 

Give  to  “moth  and  rust”  our  all? 

While  the  vineyard  call  makes  vocal 
Gray  of  morn  and  hush  of  even, 

Shall  we,  lured  by  sireu  voices, 

Squander  time  and  forfeit  heaven? 

Saviour,  from  thy  throne  in  glory, 

Look  upon  us  in  our  sin; 

Tell  again  redemption’s  story, 

Bid  us  take  the  wonder  in, — 

Till  our  hearts  shall  joy  to  tell  it, 

Till  our  faith  shall  grasp  the  word, 

Till  no  more  our  feet  shall  falter, 

Till  the  earth  shall  know  the  Lord. 

[ Heathen  Women's  Friend. 


1873.] 


ARMED  EXPLORATION. 


209 


ARMED  EXPLORATION. 

Y/mwood  Reade,  writing  in  the  London  Athenceum , says  : — 
As  African  exploration  is  being  pursued  with  as  much  energy 
as  ever  in  this  country,  and  as  Germany  has  entered  the  lists,  it 
may  be  useful  to  point  out  a fallacy,  which  is  all  the  more  dan- 
gerous because  it  is  one  to  which  explorers  themselves  are  fre- 
quently inclined.  I mean  the  policy  of  armed  exploration. 

When  a traveller  in  Africa  is  detained  against  his  will  for 
weeks,  or  even  months,  at  the  court  of  some  petty  and  barbar- 
ous chief,  he  often  thinks  to  himself,  “If  I had  but  fifty  good 
men  and  true,  I would  soon  be  a free  man.”  And  when  he  re- 
turns to  England  he  is  apt  to  declare  that  he  will  never  travel 
in  Africa  again  unless  he  is  able  to  fight  his  way.  Mungo 
Park,  the  first  great  African  explorer,  started  from  the  Gambia 
for  the  Niger.  On  his  way  he  was  captured  and  robbed  by 
the  Moors,  who  are  white  men  like  ourselves.  Escaping  from 
these,  he  entered  the  Negro  country,  and  although  he  had 
nothing«of  value  except  the  brass  buttons  on  his  coat,  he  was 
able  to  reach  the  Niger,  to  travel  down  its  banks  for  some  dis- 
tance, and  to  return  to  the  Gambia,  subsisting  all  that  time  on 
the  charity  of  the  blacks.  Yet  he  believed  in  armed  explora- 
tion. He  started  again  from  the  Coast  with  forty  European 
soldiers,  and  not  a man  returned  home.  The  next  case  is  that 
of  Richard  Lander.  He  travelled  with  Clapperton,  as  his  ser- 
vant, to  Sockatoo,  in  the  heart  of  the  Soudan  ; there  his  mas- 
ter died,  and  he  returned  in  safety  to  the  Coast.  He  went 
again  with  his  brother  from  Badagry  to  Boussa,  and  travelled 
down  the  Niger  to  the  sea.  He  was  made  a prisoner,  and 
treated  badly  enough  : still  his  life  was  not  threatened.  Last- 
ly, he  joined  a steamer  expedition,  which  forced  its  way  up 
the  Niger,  in  defiance  of  the  natives,  and  Lander  was  killed. 
Again,  the  Baron  Yon  der  Decken  travelled  in  East  Africa  with 
success,  and  ascended  the  mountain  Killimandjaro.  He  went 
out  again  with  a steamer  expedition,  and  attempted  to  force 
his  way  up  the  rivers  of  the  Coast,  and  he  also  came  to  a vio- 
lent end.  There  is  not  a single  instance  on  record  of  armed 
exploration  obtaining  success. 

Caillie  was  successful:  he  travelled  in  disguise.  Barth  was 
successful:  he  placed  himself  in  the  power  of  the  natives. 
The  gigantic  journeys  of  Livingstone  were  those  of  a defence- 
less, unprotected  man.  Burton  and  Speke,  and  afterwards 
Speke  and  Grant,  opened  up  new  roads,  by  patiently  enduring 
the  delays  and  vexations  and  black-mailing  of  African  chiefs. 
I therefore  venture  to  assert,  that  all  attempts  to  fight  a way 
into  the  unknown  regions  will  be  attended  with  bloodshed  and 
disaster,  not  only  for  those  who  make  the  attempt,  but  for 

2 


210 


AN  AFRICAN  MISSIONARY. 


[July. 


those  who  follow  in  the  path  of  such  expeditions.  Blood 
feuds  descend  from  generation  to  generation,  and  whenever  a 
savage  has  been  killed  by  a white  man,  his  clan  or  tribe  will 
murder  in  return  the  first  white  man  who  comes  within  their 
power.  Thus  Mungo  Park  shot  people  on  the  banks  of  the 
Niger,  near  Timbuctoo,  a3  he  sailed  down  the  river,  and  Ma- 
jor Laing,  (as  Barth  ascertained)  was  killed  in  revenge. 


AN  AFRICAN  MISSIONARY. 

BY  T.  S.  MALCOM. 

In  the  year  1852.  Melford  D.  Herndon  and  his  brothers,  Sol- 
omon and  Bobert,  were  emancipated  by  the  will  of  James 
Herndon,  of  Simpson  county,  Kentucky.  The  three  brothers 
embarked  for  Liberia  in  1854.  Although  Melford  had  been 
a slave  for  forty  years  in  Kentucky,  he  entered  a mission 
school,  called  “Lay’s  Hope,”  at  Monrovia.  He  learned 
to  write  and  made  progress  in  his  studies.  With  earnest  zeal 
for  the  salvation  of  the  souls  of  native  Africans,  he  tvent  as  a 
missionary  and  located  among  the  Bassa  people,  not  far  from 
Marshall,  on  Junk  river.  When  the  war  in  America  commenced 
his  salary  stopped,  but  he  did  not  cease  his  missionary  labors. 
He  visited  the  United  States,  and  his  honest  perseverance 
gained  friends  and  money  for  his  Bassa  mission.  When  eman- 
cipation was  secured,  he  came  across  the  ocean  again  and 
secured  further  aid  for  his  mission,  and  also  sought  out 
his  two  motherless  sons,  taking  them  with  him  to  Liberia. 
In  a letter  dated  Herndonville,  March  10,  1873,  he  states 
that  Eev.  Mr.  Lillon  is  about  sending  ten  students,  some 
of  whom  are  Liberians,  and  some  of  whom  are  native  Africans, 
to  Lincoln  University,  near  Oxford,  Chester  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, to  be  educated.  Mr.  Herndon  expresses  a desire  to 
make  another  visit,  and  to  bring  over  with  him  some  native 
Africans,  to  place  them  in  school  and  fit  them  for  usefulness 
among  their  heathen  kindred.  When  will  the  African  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church  send  a missionapr  to  Africa?  Whole 
nations  are  open  to  the  heralds  of  salvation.  Who  will  be  the 
first  one  to  proclaim  the  good  news  in  Africa,  that  Jesus  Christ 
came  into  the  world  to  save  sinners? — Christian  Recorder. 


OPENINGS  IN  THE  INTERIOR. 

Eev.  Alfred  F.  Bussell,  Missionary  of  the  Episcopal  Board 
and  rector  of  Grace  chureh,  Clay-Asbland,  Liberia,  thus  pre- 
sents, in  a letter  dated  January  27,  the  Christian  civilizing  in- 
fluence of  that  Eepublic  on  the  natives,  and  an  inviting  opening 
for  missions  and  settlement  on  the  interior  table-lands: 


1873.] 


OPENINGS  IN  THE  INTERIOR. 


211 


“King  Gilla  Somer,  head  King  of  the  Golah  country,  still  a 
young. man,  visited  Liberia  and  the  President  this  month.  This 
interesting  man  has  from  five  to  ten  thousand  people  under  his 
jurisdiction.  I lived  in  his  father’s  towns,  one  hundred  and 
seventy-five  miles  from  Monrovia,  four  years:  he  lived  in  my 
family  eighteen  years.  He  can  read,  write,  etc.,  and  was  once  a 
vestryman  in  Grace  churchy  Clay-Ashland.  Since  he  came  to 
the  kingdom  he  has  removed  back  to  his  country,  fallen,  I 
fear,  into  heathenism,  but  ardently  begs  for  a mission- 
ary— a ‘God-man,  that  will  mind  his  own  God-palaver,’  and 
‘learn  my  people  religion  of  Jesus  Christ.’  He  offers  ample 
protection  to  the  missionary,  will  observe  the  Sabbath,  do  all 
he  can  to  get  his  people  to  attend  services,  give  every  facility 
in  his  power  to  have  the  children  go  to  school,  (as  his  father 
did  before  him,)  and  will  give  three  thousand  acres  of  land, 
and  more  if  required,  to  the  use  of  the  Mission,  with  proper 
writings  for  the  same.  Gon  Ja}T,  his  principal  town,  is  much 
farther  out  than  Bopora,  is  on  the  banks  of  the  St.  Paul’s  river, 
one  hundred  and  seventy-five  miles  interior,  and  communica- 
tion open  and  free  and  safe.  King  Gilla  Somer  designs  to  do 
what  he  promises;  and  I was  as  well  treated  and  respected  in 
his  father’s  town  as  in  Monrovia,  and  have  visited  my  old  sta- 
tions, before  and  since  the  Golahs  have  been  under  his  jurisdic- 
tion, with  the  same  tendered  respect.  My  son  and  son-in-law 
are  now  on  a visit  to  his  towns.” 

A letter  from  Kev.  Albert  Bushnell,  under  date  of  Febru- 
ary 26,  mentions  that  the  river  Ogobai,  which  empties  near 
Cape  Lopez,  has  recently  been  traversed  for  nearly  three 
hundred  miles  by  traders,  and  it  is  found  to  open  up  a fine 
country,  peopled  by  friendly  tribes.  A young  Scotchman  has 
decided  to  locate  at  some  point  interior  for  the  purposes  of 
trade;  and,  being  friendly  to  the  mission  cause,  has  invited 
the  commencement  of  mission  work  at  the  station  to  which  he 
goes.  A son  of  one  of  the  inland  chiefs  has  visited  Gaboon, 
and  has  stated  to  Mr.  Bushnell  that  his  people  are  anxious  that 
missionaries  shall  be  established  among  them.  And  h^thinks 
that  some  of  the  youth  of  his  tribe  will  be  sent  to  Gaboon  to 
be  educated.  Should  all  these  good  indications  prove  to  be 
well  founded,  they  are  a worthy  subject  of  thanksgiving  and 
of  new  hope  and  confidence  for  the  future.  It  is  all  the  more 
hopeful,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  a company  of  explorers  have 
gone  up  the  Congo  for  the  purpose  of  finding  Livingstone. 
Should  communication  be  opened  between  the  Congo  and  the 
lake  country,  a new  era  may  be  at  hand  for  the  cause  of  Afri- 
can Missions. 


212 


LEGISLATURE  OF  LIBERIA. 


[July, 


LEGISLATURE  OF  LIBERIA. 

The  Republican  for  February  furnishes  the  following  titles 
and  abstracts  of  the  Acts  and  Eesolutions  passed  at  the  Second 
Session  of  the  Thirteenth  Legislature  of  Liberia,  1872-3: 

HOUSE  BILLS. 

No.  1. — An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  first  quarter 
of  the  fiscal  year  1873.  The  fiscal  year  ending  30th  Septem- 
ber causing  many  appropriations  to  be  exhausted  before  the 
regular  annual  appropriation  bill  passed  at  the  session  com- 
mencing in  December,  this  bill  is  passed  to  meet  the  deficit. 

No.  2. — A joint  address,  removing  Judge  Jacob  J.  Loss,  of  the 
Sinoe  County  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions.  Judge  Eoss,  in  viola- 
tion of  law,  peremptorily  refused  to  obey  a writ  of  mandamus 
and  supersedeas  issued  by  the  Chief  Justice,  moving  up  for  re- 
view a cause  which  he  had  adjudged  in  the  County  Court.  For 
this  he  was  removed  by  a two-thirds  vote  of  the  Legislature. 

No.  3. — Amendatory  act  to  an  act  incorporating  Palm  Grove 
Cemetery  in  Monrovia:  granting  the  original  founders  of  the 
Cemetery,  C.  B.  Dunbar,  W.  M.  Davis,  and  H.  W.  Dennis,  exclu- 
sive right  to  share  in  the  profits  arising  from  the  sale  of  burial 
plots. 

No.  4.— Joint  resolution  ordering  printed  two  hundred  copies 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury’s  Eeport. 

No.  5. — Act  encouraging  agriculture:  giving  a bounty  of  five 
dollars  to  every  planter-out  of  One  thousand  coffee  trees. 

No.  6. — Eesolution  authorizing  the  demanding  of  redress  for 
robberies  and  plunders  committed  by  Niffou  (Kroo)  native 
tribes  on  Liberian  boats  along  the  Coast. 

No.  7. — Eesolution  authorizing  the  President  to  visit  England, 
to  endeavor  an  adjustment  of  all  open  questions  between  this 
and  the  English  Government,  and  to  effect  a definite  settle- 
ment of  the  7 per  cent,  loan,  as  contracted  in  England  during, 
the  Eoye  Administration  in  1870. 

No.  8. — Eesolution  for  destroying  the  defaced  and  worn-out 
currency  now  in  Treasury,  redeemed  checks,  debentures,  &c. 

No.  9. — Act  granting  the  adoption,  by  J.  M.  Moore,  Sr.,  of  J. 
M.  Moore,  a natural  son  of  Dr.  J.  M.  Moore,  Jr.,  deceased. 

No.  10. — Act  disposing  of  the  balance  of  merchandise  that 
came  to  Government  as  a part  of  the  7 per  cent.  loan.  One 
half  of  the  merchandise  is  to  be  sold,  the  other  half  to 
be  used,  in  kind,  toward  the  erection  of  bridges,  roads.  &c. 

No.  11. — Act  supplementary  and  amendatory  to  an  act  cre- 
ating the  Treasury  Department,  &c.  Two  new  bureaus,  viz. 
Auditor  and  Eegister,  are  created,  tenure  during  good  be- 
haviour, salary  $700  per  annum  each.  Auditor  to  see  to  the 


1873.] 


LEGISLATURE  OF  LIBERIA. 


213 


legality,  form,  &c.,  of  bills  against  Government;  has  charge  of 
the  general  disbursing  officers, — as  Treasurer,  Sub-Treasurers, 
&c.,  and  disbursements  generally.  All  reports  of  such  officers 
to  be  made  direct  to  the  Auditor.  All  bills  for  Montserrado 
County  must  be  approved  by  him.  The  Register  to  keep  the 
general  books  of  Government,  the  official  accounts  of  all  ac- 
counting officers,  countersign  and  record  all  warrants  for  the 
paying  out  of  money  by  the  Government,  &c. 

No.  12. — Resolution  repealing  the  charter  of  the  City  of 
Buchanan. 

No.  13.  — Act  divorcing  sundry  citizens. 

No.  14 — Resolution  giving  an  annual  pension  to  Alexander 
Stubbenfield ; eye-sight  completely  lost  while  firing  a national 
salute  at  Buchanan,  Grand  Bassa. 

No.  15. — Act  granting  L.  K.  Crocker,  a Christian  native, 
of  Little  Bassa,  300  acres  of  land:  for  the  use  of  himself  and 
tribe. 

No.  16.— Resolution  providing  for  a prison  keeper. 

No.  17. — Act  amendatory  to  the  general  divorce  act.  All 
cases  of  divorce  must  go  into  courts  of  law:  no  more  peti- 
tioning of  Legislature. 

No.  18. — Act  modifying  the  tonnage  laws.  Foreign  vessels 
touching  at  only  one  Liberian  port  to  pay  ten  cents  per  ton  in- 
stead of  fifty  cents,  as  heretofore. 

No.  19. — Resolution  granting  the  citizens  of  Carysburg  cer- 
tain rifles  and  ammunition  from  the  Government  stores  in 
Monrovia. 

No.  20. — Act  organizing  a Board  of  Trade,  so  as  to  place 
our  trading  intercourse  with  the  aborigines  more  directly  un- 
der the  management  of  the  Government. 

No.  21. — Act  providing  for  Shipping  Masters,  to  regulate  the 
shipping  and  carrying,  for  service  abroad,  of  the  Kroomen  and 
natives  of  the  country  generally. 

No.  22. — General  appropriation  bill,  appropriating  $149,- 
976  40  for  the  expenses  of  Government  during  the  fiscal  year 
commencing  October  1,  1872,  and  to  end  September  30,  1873. 


No.  1. — Act  incorporating  Trinity  church  of  Monrovia. 

No.  2. — Act  pensioning  Geo.  Smith,  of  Millsburg,  wounded  in 
the  Bassa  war:  $40  per  annum. 

No.  3. — Act  making  lawful  deeds  given  in  exchange  for 
lands  in  Maryland  County. 

No.  4. — Resolution  (joint)  removing  Superintendents  Pres- 
ton of  Bassa  and  Brooks,  of  Sinoe  County,  from  office  by  a 
two-thirds  vote  of  the  Legislature:  malfeasance  in  office. 

No.  5. — Resolution  restoring  Whitmore  and  Hines,  of  Sinoe 
Couuty,  to  citizenship. 


SENATE  BILLS. 


214  RENOMINATION  OF  PRESIDENT  ROBERTS.  [July, 

No.  6. — Resolution  making  an  appropriation  to  explore  the 
region  of  the  reported  burning  mountain  near  Finley,  Bassa 
County;  amount  $400. 

No.  7. — Resolution  regulating  the  pay,  &c.,  of  the  Vice  Presi- 
dent during  the  absence  of  the  President  from  the  country: 
pay  the  same  as  President’s  salary,  and  grant  of  incidental  ex- 
penses of  Executive  in  proportion. 

No.  8. — Act  providing  for  pay  of  bills  and  claims  against  the 
Government  not  already  passed  on  by  Commissioners  of  last 
year:  such  bills  to  now  pass  the  Auditor  of  the  Treasury. 

No.  9. — The  location  and  erection  of  “Mills’s  Monument,”  iu 
the  settlement  of  Millsburg,  St.  Paul’s-  river. 

No.  10. — Act  declaring  certain  articles  duty  free:  shooks 
and  empty  casks,  empty  bags,  hoop-iron,  rivets,  flagging. 

No.  11. — Resolution  relieving  John  Marshall,  of  Maryland 
County,  of  amount  decreed  against  him  in  favor  of  the  Gov- 
ernment in  action  of  debt,  1865. 


RENOMINATION  OF  PRESIDENT  ROBERTS. 

HIS  LETTER  OF  ACCEPTANCE. 

Monrovia,  February  11,  1873. 

Gentlemen  : I have  before  me  your  letter  of  the  5th  insfc., 
communicating  “that  at  the  National  Convention  of  the  Con- 
stitutional Republican  Party,  held  on  the  preceding  day  at 
Clay-Ashland,  I was  unanimously  renominated  as  a candidate 
for  the  Presidency  of  the  Republic  of  Liberia,  at  the  ensuing 
biennial  election,  to  take  place  in  May  of  this  year.” 

In  reply,  I beg  to  express  sincere  thanks  to  my  fellow-citi- 
zens of  the  Convention  for  the  confidence  they  repose  in  me  to 
discharge  faithfully  the  high  and  responsible  duties  of  the 
office  to  which  they  would  call  me.  I accept  the  nomination, 
and  should  my  fellow-citizens  in  other  parts  of  the  Republic 
concur  in  the  nomination,  and  I should  be  returned  to  the 
Presidency  in  May  next,  I shall  not  fail,  -D.  V.,  to  do  all  in  my 
power  to  advance  the  best  interests  of  our  common  country. 

Please  accept,  gentlemen,  assurances  of  my  high  apprecia- 
tion of  the  kind  and  flattering  manner  in  which  you  have  been 
pleased  to  convey  to  me  the  confiding  sentiments  of  the  Con- 
vention you  represent. 

I have  the  honor  to  be,  most  respectfully,  your  obedient 
servant,  J.  J.  Roberts. 

Hon.  H.  F.  Wilson,  Maryland  County;  Hon.  C.  L.  Parsons, 
Sinoe  County;  J.  E.  Moore,  Esq.,  Montserrado  County, 
Committee  of  the  Convention. 


1873.] 


LIBERIAN  AFFAIRS. 


215 


LIBERIAN  AFFAIRS. 

Export  of  Coffee. — Id  agricultural  circles  we  are  charac- 
terized by  an  increasing  activity  in  the  gathering  of  coffee, 
ginger,  and  arrow-root.  The  export  of  coffee  up  to  our  going 
to  press,  from  this  port,  may  be  set  down  at  20,001)  pounds. 
Of  this  by  far  the  greater  portion  is  now  sea-borne,  per  bark 
“Thomas  Pope,”  for  the  United  States.  There  is  a fair  quan- 
tity ready  for  shipment  to  England,  Hamburg,  and  Holland. 
The  brig  “Example”  will  also  take  about  15,000  pounds  to 
Boston.  Ginger  and  arrow-root  go  principally  to  England. 

Political  Matters. — The  general  spirit  seems  to  be  to  let 
things  go  smoothly  on  as  they  have  recently  done,  and  to  give 
the  country  rest  from  political  turmoils.  Thus  Roberts  and 
Gardner  have  been  renominated  for  the  Presidency  and  Vice 
Presidency;  and  since  no  one  seems  able  to  bring  forward  any 
tenable  principles  upon  which  to  upset  this  general  position, 
there  seems  to  be  no  disposition  to  go  into  opposition,  for  the 
mere  sake  of  opposition.  Personal  piques  and  ambition,  if  any 
such  exist,  have  not  been  considered  enough  to  embroil  the 
country  into  a fierce  political  battle,  with  its  attendant  evils. 

A New  Market  House. — A new  and  commendable  spirit 
seems  to  have  seized  on  our  city  fathers,  under  the  energetic 
guidance  of  Mayor  Nelson,  and  Chairman  of  the  City  Council 
J.  W.  Hilton.  Our  City  Cemetery  never  was  in  a cleaner  and 
more  respectable  looking  condition,  and  the  foundation  has 
been  dug  out  and  wharf  commenced  for  a new  market-house,  to 
be  erected  on  the  water-side,  between  the  store  of  the  McGills 
and  W.  A.  Johnson’s  property.  Increasing  vigilance,  too,  seems 
to  mark  the  dealing  with  city  affairs  generally,  and  especially 
the  preservation  of  peace  and  order. 

Men-of-War  at  Monrovia. — On  the  6th  inst.  arrived  the 
French  war  steamer  “Le  Curieux,”  Commander  Bismard. 
Salutes  were  exchanged.  Cn  the  8th  inst.  the  Spanish  man- 
of-war  “Sigera,”  Commander  Don  Pedro  Ossay  Giraldo.  On 
the  22d  inst.  United  States  sloop-of-war  “Plymouth,”  Captain 
Shufeldt.  Salutes  were  exchanged.  We  forgot  to  mention 
the  arrival  also  of  the  British  man-of-war  “Bittern,”  Com- 
mander Stevens,  and  “ Druid,”  Commander  Nelson.  The  com- 
manders and  general  officers  took  a ride  up  the  St.  Paul’s  river, 
with  President  Roberts,  Secretary  Dennis,  Attorney  General 
Davis,  and  General  Yates. 

Personal. — Mrs.  Russell,  wife  of  Rev.  A.  F.  Russell,  rector 
of  Grace  Church,  Clay-Ashland,  returned  in  the  bark  “ Thomas 
Pope”  from  New  York.  Mrs.  R.  has  spent  eighteen  months 
in  America,  and  returns  home  much  improved  in  healih.  Hon. 


I 


216  ROADS  TO  THE  INTERIOR.  [July, 

E.  A.  Potter  leaves  by  the  earliest  opportunity  for  America, 
where  business  connected  with  family  landed  property  calls 
him.  Commander  Shufeldt  and  officers  of  the  United  States 
frigate  “Plymouth  ” dined  on  the  25th  instant  with  President 
Roberts  and  Cabinet.  Comptroller  John  R.  Freeman  has  re- 
turned from  a few  days’  visit  to  his  home  in  Carysburg. 
W.  H.  Lynch  has  accepted  the  office  of  Auditor  in  the 
Treasury  Department.  He  has,  therefore,  declined  to  run 
as  a member  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  which  po- 
sition he  filled  during  the  present  Roberts  administration, 
and  had  been  renominated  for  the  coming  term. 

Burning  of  Trinity  Church. — Trinity  Episcopal  church, 
Rev.  G.  W.  Gibsdn’s,  in  this  city,  was  accidentally  set  on  fire 
on  the  afternoon  of  the  18th  instant,  and  was  destroyed,  only 
leaving  the  rock  walls  standing.  The  organ,  desk,  pulpit,  and 
some  of  the  pews  were  saved.  The  building  took  fire  from  the 
burning  of  bush  on  the  adjoining  lot.  Efforts  are  being  made 
to  rebuild  the  church.—  The  Republican , March , 1873. 


/ ROADS  TO  THE  INTERIOR. 

It  is  a truth,  to  which  the  Liberian  people  and  Government 
can  no  longer  shut  their  eyes,  that  the  best  policy  now  will  be 
to  turn  their  attention,  in  a greater  degree  than  heretofore, 
toward  developing  the  interior  country,  especially  that  lying 
to  the  north  and  northeast  of  us. 

The  rich  trade  of  these  countries,  the  higher  and  healthier 
upland  regions,  the  need  of  a bringing  in  of  those  inhabitants 
who  are  unquestionably  of  more  tractable  minds  and  indus- 
trious habits  than  our  Coast  tribes,  to  aid  us  in  upbuilding 
Christianity  and  civilization  in  this  country,  all  are  solid  in- 
ducements for  us  to  begin  in  earnest  the  work  of  forming  a 
greater  connection  with  our  interior  regions.  It  is  a work  that 
must  be  done. 

The  first  question  that,  meets  us  on  this  subject  is  that  of 
roads  to  the  interior.  As  has  been  well  intimated,  it  is  no  use 
to  go  into  this  business  with  a too  cautious  and  meagre  plan. 
Something  adequate  to  the  end  sought  must  be  at  once  inau- 
gurated. 

A half  century  is  long  enough  to  have  skirted  the  Coast  and 
to  endeavor  to  wring  out  of  it  a nation’s  support  A half  cen- 
tury, too,  is  long  enough  to  have  presumed  to  build  up  a nation 
on  a reserve  and  exclusive  policy.  We  are  not  everybody, 
and  we  can’t  do  everything  of  ourselves.  We  can,  too,  in  this 
world  of  plenty  of  means,  high  philanthropy,  and  earnest 


1873.] 


ROADS  TO  THE  INTERIOR. 


217 


looking  after  gains,  find  those  who,  after  all,  will,  for  some  or 
the  other,  or  all  combined  of  these  reasons,  aid  us  in  good  un- 
dertakings, and  who  will  not,  rest  assured,  want  in  payment 
our  bodies  or  our  country,  as  many  seem  so  much  to  dread. 

A turnpike  road,  then,  to  the  interior  of  us,  taking  the  route 
that  on  examination  may  be  found  the  most  practical  to  reach 
Musardu,  or  any  point  in  the  populous  Mandingo,  Pessy  or 
Barline  countries,  we  assert,  is  no  vain  and  foolish  idea.  The 
right  of  way  is  no  object  to  attain : the  natives  would  welcome 
us:  labor  is  alike  easy  to  obtain.  As  to  the  whole  question  of 
expense,  we  don’t  think  it  would  cost  more  to  reach  some 
such  point  as  we  have  hinted  at  above  than  the  amount  of 
money  that  is  hopelessly  sunk  in  the  course  of  at  furthest  three 
years  in  the  ruinous  Coast-trusting  trade  system  that  Liberi- 
ans now  practice.  It  is  no  use  to  endeavor  to  enumerate  the 
benefits  such  a road  would  be  to  this  country. 

Among  one  of  the  chief  blessings  it  would  bestow  on  all 
Africa  would  be  that  of  affording  the  Missionaries  of  the  Gos- 
pel a sure,  cheap,  and  ready  communication  with  the  interior 
tribes.  It  is  not  possible  now,  unless  some  such  communica- 
tion is  opened  up,  for  Missionaries  to  go  any  distance  in  the 
interior,  removed  from  what  of  chances  of  communicating  with 
their  homes  the  Coast  of  Liberia  does  afford. 

In  such  an  undertaking,  to  permanently  penetrate  the  inte- 
rior with  at  least  one  good,  safe,  and  sure  roadway,  it  is  rea- 
sonable to  believe  that  we  could  get  the  different  Missionary 
Societies  abroad,  who  stand  anxious  to  go  into  the  interior,  to 
aid  us  as  far  as  allowable.  We  believe  that  liberal  friends,  of 
enlarged  views,  will  not  permit  our  road  to  fail  for  want  of 
money. 

Had  we  the  ear  of  the  President,  who  is  soon  going  abroad 
in  the  general  interest  of  the  country,  we  would  whisper  to 
him:  Do  try  and  see  if  you  cannot  manage  in  some  way  to 
create,  among  some  abroad,  enthusiasm  enough  to  go  with  us 
into  this  plan  of  practically  opening  up  our  interior.  You  can 
safely  show  them,  aside  from  any  mere  philanthropic  argu- 
ments' that  the  business  “ will  pay” — handsomely  pay. 

The  cattle,  hides,  ivory,  cotton,  gold,  fibres,  palm-oil,  and 
African  marketable  articles  generally,  that  will  be  opened  up 
in  trade  will  pay;  whilst  the  cultivation  of  coffee,  sugar-cane, 
ginger,  arrow-root,  and  such  like  might  be  introduced  among 
these  regions  the  same  as  has  been  done  in  the  East  Indies 
and  other  countries,  and  thus  the  capital  invested  be  made  to 
yield  untold  profits. — The  Republican , March , 1873. 


218 


AMERICAN  COLONIZATION  SOCIETY. 


[July, 


COLONIZING  AFRICA. 

When  the  American  Colonization  Society  was  devised  and 
put  in  operation,  a prominent  object  was  to  have  opened  up 
a place  where  many  who  were  then  in  slavery  in  this  country 
might  have  a home  and  freedom,  with  good  opportunities  of 
making  desirable  advancement  in  life.  In  a much  later  day, 
a favorite  idea  with  many  has  been  that  there  might  be  a 
place  where  the  colored  people  could  have  every  opportunity 
of  improvement  in  social  and  civil  elevation,  without  having 
to  contend  with  the  prejudices  which  exist  in  the  minds  of 
many  in  regard  to  them.  And  another  object  still  with  many, 
in  forming  this  Society,  was,  that  there  might  thus  be  placed 
on  the  Coast  of  Africa  a nation  or  country  whose  Govern- 
ment, institutions  and  influence  would  all  be  of  the  most  useful 
character  to  the  tribes  and  multitudes  in  the  interior,  that 
might  in  some  measure  be  brought  under  their  influence. 

Accordingly,  with  more  or  less  of  all  these  objects  in  view, 
a large  section  of  country,  on  the  Western  Coast,  was  selected, 
named  Liberia,  or  the  Country  of  the  Free,  and  nursed  as  far  as 
might  be  into  a Eepublic,  with  schools,  a college,  churches, 
printing  presses,  and  a large  round  of  the  means  of  commerce, 
agriculture  and  trade,  with  opportunities  and  incentives  to 
endeavor  to  exert  a wholesome  and  elevating  influence  upon 
the  inhabitants  of  the  interior  and  adjoining  districts.  In 
various  ways,  and  to  a considerable  extent,  it  is  believed  good 
has  thus  resulted. — Christian  Instructor . 


AMERICAN  COLONIZATION  SOCIETY. 

Whatever  may  have  been  the  opinions  of  some,  in  former 
times,  in  relation  to  the  work  in  which  this  Society  is  engaged, 
there  can  be,  we  think,  but  one  view  taken  of  it  or  its  work 
by  candid  minds  now. 

It  is  found  that  there  are  many  among  the  colored  people 
of  our  country  who  desire  to  go  to,  and  take  up  their  abode 
in,  the  land  of  their  fathers.  Of  these  are  some  of  the  different 
professions,  and  a very  large  proportion  of  the  whole  number 
are  professed  Christians.  The  emigration  of  such  to  Liberia 
must  be  a benefit  to  Africa.  Making  all  necessary  allowance 
for  the  imperfection  of  human  nature,  such  emigrants  must 
be  a blessing  to  any  community  with  which  they  may  become 
connected. 

Unfortunately,  in  the  case  of  many  who  desire  to  go  to  Li- 
beria, they  are  poor,  and  unable  to  defray  the  expense  of  going 
there.  This  Society  is  designed  to  help  such.  Since  its  organ- 
ization in  1820  it  has  sent  out  some  fifteen  thousand  emigrants. 


1873.] 


INTERESTING  FROM  LIBERIA. 


219 


It  has  more  applications  for  aid  in  emigrating  to  Africa  than 
ever  before;  the  last  company  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  sent 
out  having  been  selected  from  about  three  thousand  volun- 
tarily offering  themselves.  Great  care  is  taken  to  choose  only 
the  best  class  of  colored  persons  to  send  to  Liberia. 

The  Republic  has  some  twenty-three  thousand  eight  hundred 
square  miles,  and  six  hundred  thousand  inhabitants.  It  has 
been  a self-governing  nation  for  a quarter  of  a century  past. 
It  has  churches  of  different  denominations,  schools,  and  a col- 
lege. The  mechanical,  mercantile,  agricultural,  and  professional 
pursuits  which  we  find  in  this  country  are  found  there.  Six 
Missionary  Societies  have  missions  there,  and  many  native 
Africans  have  been  brought  into  the  settlements  and  Christian- 
ized. The  slave-trade  has  been  destroyed  by  its  efforts  on  a line 
of  six  hundred  miles  of  sea-coast,  and  much  is  being  done  to  put 
an  end  to  this  inhuman  traffic.  It  is  certain  that  the  pros- 
perity of  Liberia  will  strongly  tend  to  the  civilization  of 
Africa,  and  hasten  the  approach  of  the  day  when  “Ethiopia 
shall  stretch  forth  her  hands  unto  God.” 

We  are  aware  that  there  are  many  objects  claiming  the 
sympathy  and  aid  of  the  benevolent.  Among  them  this  is  not 
the  least.  It  may  not  so  strongly  appeal  to  the  feelings  as 
some  others;  but  a broad  contemplation  of  the  agencies  em- 
ployed for  the  benefit  of  our  race  will  not  fail  to  pronounce 
this  one  as  of  prime  importance.  We  wish  this  Society  could 
be  put  in  possession  of  ample  funds  with  which  to  do  the  great 
work  it  is  aiming  to  accomplish. — Watchman  and  Reflector. 


INTERESTING  FROM  LIBERIA. 

Seldom  has  more  gratifying  intelligence  of  the  improved 
condition  and  cheering  prospects  of  Liberia  been  received 
than  is  contained  in  letters  which  lately  reached  this  office. 
Increased  quantities  of  ginger,  arrow-root,  sugar,  and  coffee 
had  been  raised  and  gathered,  while  of  the  latter  360  bags  had 
been  shipped  by  the  “ Thomas  Pope  ” for  New  York,  and  15,000 
pounds  by  the  “Example”  for  Boston. 

The  last  emigrants  are  reported  to  be  well.  They  are  unusu- 
ally industrious  and  are  making  progress.  Some  are  said  to 
be  planting  and  others  hoeing  their  lands,  and  a goodly  number 
are  erecting  comfortable  houses  for  themselves  and  families. 

Since  the  first  of  January,  two  schools  have  been  in  opera- 
tion at  Arthington,  one  with  larger  and  more  advanced  scholars, 


APPLICATIONS  FOR  PASSAGE. 


220 


[July, 


and  a school  is  also  open  at  Brewerville,  at  the  expense  of  the 
American  Colonization  Society. 

The  general  election  passed  off  quietly  and  with  but  little 
excitement  on  the  6th  of  May,  when  Hon.  Joseph  J.  Roberts 
was  re-elected  President  for  two  years  from  next  January,  car- 
rying Montserrado  county  by  a majority  of  4t2,  and  Grand  Bassa 
county  by  a unanimous  vote.  Hon.  Anthony  W.  Gardner,  the 
present  incumbent,  had  no  opposition  for  Vice  President.  The 
candidates  on  the  Administration  or  Constitutional  Republican 
ticket  for  the  Legislature  were  generally  successful. 

President  Roberts  was  to  embark  on  the  English  mail  steamer 
from  Monrovia  May  16,  for  Liverpool,  to  adjust  some  complica- 
tions connected  with  the  Liberian  loan  of  £100,000  lately  nego- 
tiated in  London,  and  to  arrange  a long-disputed  question  with 
the  British  Government  as  to  the  Northwest  Boundary  of  Libe- 
ria. He  expected  to  be  absent  about  three  months. 

Several  national  vessels  recently  visited  Monrovia  and  were 
received  with  becoming  honors,  and  their  principal  officers 
entertained  at  public  dinners  and  escorted  on  a visit  up  the 
St.  Paul’s  river,  viz:  French  steamer  Le  Curieux,  Spanish  man- 
of-war  Sigera,  United  States  ship  Plymouth,  and  the  British 
men-of-war  Bittern  and  Druid. 


APPLICATIONS  FOB,  PASSAGE. 

The  desire  to  settle  in  Liberia  steadily  increases.  Among 
the  most  recent  applications  is  a party  at  Knoxville,  Ten- 
nessee, stated  to  comprise  “ intelligent,  industrious,  and  worthy 
people;”  and  another  is  the  pastor  of  a large  church  in  Georgia, 
who  represents  that  some  fifty  of  his  congregation  wish  to 
accompany  him. 

The  American  Colonization  Society  has  colonized  since  the 
close  of  the  war  2,987  persons,  613  of  whom  were  reported  as 
members  of  Christian  Churches,  and  16  licensed  ministers  of 
the  Gospel.  The  first  emigrants  to  Liberia,  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Society,  sailed  from  New  York  in  1820.  More  or  less 
have  gone  every  year  since,  and  the  result  is  the  establishment 
of  a Christian  Commonwealth  on  the  Continent  of  Africa, 


1873.] 


WHY  DO  THEY  WANT  TO  GO  ? 


221 


having  a population  within  its  boundaries  of  500,000  souls, 
with  all  the  means  and  appliances  of  becoming  an  important 
Power  on  the  earth,  as  it  is  now  a Nation,  recognized  by  all 
‘Other  civilized  Powers.  And  all  this  has  been  done  at  a cost 
of  less  than  $2,500,000. 


WHY  DO  THEY  WANT  TO  GO? 

The  fact  that  thousands  of  the  colored  population  are  self- 
moved  to  emigrate  to  Liberia,  raises  the  question  in  some 
minds,  ‘‘Why  do  they  want  to  go?”  An  intelligent  emigrant, 
who  is  now  a professor  in  Liberia  College,  has  answered  this 
question  both  for  himself  and  many  others.  His  name  is 
Martin  H.  Freeman,  a graduate  from  Middlebury  College,  and 
for  twelve  years  at  the  head  of  a literary  institution  for  the 
benefit  of  his  race  in  Allegheny  City,  Pennsylvania.  Before 
embarking  he  stated  in  a letter  these  two  reasons  for  going: 

“1.  Because  I am  fully  persuaded  that  emigration  to  Liberia 
is  the  quickest,  the  surest,  the  best,  and  I had  almost  said  the 
only  way  by  which  the  negro  of  the  United  States  can  arise 
to  the  full  status  of  manhood. 

“2.  Because  Africa  presents  a very  important  and  desirable 
field  for  civilizing  and  missionary  labors;  the  resources  of  an 
entire  continent  to  be  developed;  the  energies  of  a whole  race 
to  be  directed  by  civilization  and  controlled  by  the  benign  in- 
fluence of  Christianity.” 

Mr.  Freeman,  while  on  a visit  to  his  friends  in  Pittsburg, 
since  he  went  to  Liberia,  was  requested  and  urged  to  remain 
in  this  country,  and  take  charge  again  of  the  literary  institu- 
tion in  Allegheny  City.  The  trustees  offered  him  strong  in- 
ducements to  do  so,  but  he  positively  declined.  They  put  this 
question  to  him:  “What  will  you  stay  for?”  And  this  was 
his  answer:  “I  would  be  willing  to  consent  to  remain  in  this 
country,  and  resume  my  former  position  as  principal  of  Avery 
College,  for  such  a salary  as  any  one  of  the  three  white  men, 
now  members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  said  College,  would 
be  willing  to  accept  as  a sufficient  compensation  for  taking 
the  social  and  political  status  of  the  negro  in  Pennsylvania 
and  transmitting  the  same  to  his  posterity.” 


222 


LIBERIAN  AND  WEST  AFRICAN  MAILS. 


[July, 


A NEW  DEPARTURE. 

Our  pages  this  month  afford  cheering  evidence  that  aggres- 
sive movements  eastward  from  Liberia  are  now  likely  to  be 
realized.  It  never  was  in  the  plan  of  the  American  Coloniza1 
tion  Society  that  the  settlements  which  it  has  been  blessed  to 
plant  on  the  West  Coast  of  Africa  should  pause  upon  the  sea- 
board— “a  Christian  fringe  upon  a sable  pagan  web” — but 
that  they  should  serve  as  a basis  of  operations  for  the  healthier 
fields  and  more  promising  tribes  on  the  interior  tabic  lands. 
Means  to  open  and  build  roads  are  asked  for,  and  thousands 
of  the  American-born  sons  of  Africa  are  ready  to  attempt  the 
redemption  of  the  land  of  their  fathers.  Explorations  of  the 
country  intended  to  be  entered  disclose  a rich  and  salubrious 
region,  and  tribes  of  superior  order  of  manhood — some  of  them 
able  to  read  the  Holy  Scriptures  in  Arabic — await  the 
Gospel  and  its  attendant  blessings.  Our  hope  is  strong  that 
the  day  is  near  when  light  will  break,  and  Christian  civiliza- 
tion speed  its  way  eastward  from  Liberia. 


LIBERIAN  AND  WEST  AFRICAN  MAILS. 

The  arrangement  which  had  subsisted  between  the  British  • 
Post  Office  authorities  and  the  African  Steamship  Company, 
for  the  conveyance  of  mails,  once-a-month,  with  specified  days 
for  departure  and  arrival,  came  to  an  end  last  September. 

We  learn  that  the  British  Postmaster  General  has  just  en- 
tered into  agreements  with  the  African  Steamship  Company, 
and  the  British  and  African  Steam  Navigation  Company,  un- 
der which  the  two  companies,  conjointly,  will  carry  mails  five 
times  a month,  between  Liverpool  and  Liberia  and  the  West 
Coast  of  Africa.  The  days  of  sailing  from  Liverpool  will  be 
the  6th,  12th,  18th,  24th,  and  30th  of  each  month,  and  the  ports 
of  call  on  each  voyage  will  be  the  following: 

Packet  of  6th. — Madeira,  Grand  Canary,  Sierra  Leone,  Monrovia,  Cape 
Palmas,  Cape  Coast  Castle,  Accra,  Jellah  Coffee,  Lagos,  Benin,  Bonny,  Fer- 
nando Po,  and  Old  Calabar. 

Packet  of  12th. — Madeira,  Grand  Canary,  Sierra  Leone,  Monrovia,  Cape 
Palmas,  Cape  Coast  Castle,  Accra,  Jellah  Coffee,  Lagos,  Benin,  Bonny,  Old 
Calabar,  Fernando  Po,  Gaboon,  Black  Point,  Landana,  Congo,  Ambrizette, 
Kinsembo,  Ambriz,  and  Loando. 


1873.] 


STUDENTS  FROM  LIBERIA. 


223 


Packet  of  18JA. — Madeira,  Teneriffe,  Bathurst,  (Gambia,)  Sierra  Leone, 
Monrovia,  Cape  Palmas,  Half  Jack,  Cape  Coast  Castle,  Accra,  Jellah  Coffee, 
Lagos,  Benin,  Bonny,  Fernando  Po,  and  Old  Calabar. 

Packet  of  2±th. — Madeira,  Teneriffe,  Sierra  Leone,  Monrovia,  Cape  Palmas, 
Cape  Coast  Castle,  Accra,  Jellah  Coffee,  Whydah,  Lagos,  Benin,  Bonny, 
Fernando  Po,  and  Old  Calabar. 

Packet  of  30th. — Madeira,  Teneriffe,  Sierra  Leone,  Cape  Palmas,  Cape  Coast 
Castle,  Lagos,  Bonny,  Old  Calabar,  Fernando  Po,  Gaboon,  Black  Point,  Lan- 
dana,  Congo,  Ambrizette,  Kinsembo,  Ambriz,  and  Loando. 

The  commercial  interests  of  the  United  States  require  direct 
and  regular  mail-steamship  communication  with  Liberia  and 
West  Africa.  When  will  such  a line  be  established? 


STUDENTS  FROM  LIBERIA. 

In  connection  with  the  recent  Commencement  exercises  at 
Lincoln  University,  in  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  there 
was  a novel  scene.  Ten  young  native  Africans  were  brought 
upon  the  platform  and  received  publicly  by  Bev.  Isaac  N. 
Bcudali,  D.  D.,  President  of  the  University,  with  a cordiality 
■which  awakened  the  warm  sympathy  of  the  entire  assembly. 
Placing  his  hand  upon  the  head  of  one  of  them,  he  said,  “God 
made  them,  and  by  His  blessing  we  will  educate  them,  and  fit 
them  for  usefulness  in  their  native  land.” 

These  young  Africans  were  sent  over  by  Bev.  Thomas  E. 
Dillon,  a colored  Presbyterian  missionary  in  Liberia.  They 
had  received,  before  coming,  English  names.  The  six  Bassa 
youths,  are  named  John  Knox,  Calvin  Wright,  Edward  Davis, 
Bobert  F.  Deputie,  Alonzo  Miller,  and  Bobert  Dillon  King. 
The  Congo  youth  from  Cape  Mount  is  named  James  W.  Wilson. 
His  father  was  rescued  from  a slave  ship  by  an  American  man- 
of-war  a few  years  since.  The  Vey  youth  is  named  Thomas  F. 
Boberts.  John  A.  Savage  and  Samuel  Sevier  are  Liberians, 
but  the  father  of  the  latter  was  a Bassa. 

In  former  years  native  Africans  were  brought  here  as  slaves, 
but  now  the  young  Ethiopians  are  welcomed  to  the  halls  of 
science.  If  these  young  persons,  who  range  in  years  from 
nine  to  sixteen  years,  can  be  thoroughly  educated,  and  be 
properly  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  our  civil  and  religious  insti- 
tutions, no  one  can  estimate  the  influence  they  may  exert 
for  good  upon  their  return  to  their  people.  If,  in  coming  to 
our  country,  and  mingling  with  our  people,  they  can  be  made 
to  learn  and  practice  only  the  good,  and  then  go  back  in  the 
spirit  of  this  to  their  different  tribes  and  people,  they  may 
become  a power  of  the  mightiest  import  for  the  future  of  long- 
benighted  Africa. — Philadelphia  Evening  Telegraph. 


224 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, 


[July,  1873. 


Receipts  of  the  American  Colonization  Society, 

From  the  20lh  of  May,  to  the  20th  of  June , 1873. 


Maine. 

By  Rev.  J.  K.  Converse,  ($131.00.) 
Bath— Capt.  John  Patten, $30;  E. 
S.  J.  Nealey,  James  F.  Patten, 
Mrs.  L.  Houghton,  ea.  $5;  E.  K. 
Harding,  Thos.  Simpson,  W. 
B.  Trufout,  ea.  $2;  Rev.  Dr. 
Fiske,  $3;  A.  & F.  H.  Palmer, 


$5 $59  0# 

Portland — Nathan  Cummings, 

Cash,  Miss  A.  A.  Steele,  ea.  $10; 

Hon.  James  Howard,  J.  S. 

Ricker,  J.  M.  Adams,  Mrs.  W. 
Moulton,  Dr.  Israel  T.  Dana, 

ea.  $5;  J.  Maxwell,  $3 68  00 

Freeport— Mrs.  E.  H.  Harrington.  10  00 
Saco— Moses  Dowell,  E.  P.  Burn- 
ham, ea.  $2 4 00 


131  00 

Vermont. 


Vergennes— Estate  of  Mrs.  Ann 
E F. Smith,  additional,  appro- 
priation by  J.  D.  Vermilye, 

Esq.,  Executor,  from  the  resi- 
due of  the  Estate. 250  00 

West  Hartford— “ A few  Indi- 
viduals,” by  Rev.  Bezaleel 

Smith .• 6 00 

By  Rev.  J.  K.  Converse,  (41.00.) 

Wallingford— Israel  Munson 20  00 

West  Rutland—  Col.  Cong.  Ch 21  00 


296  00 

M AS9  ACH  TTSETTS. 

Bv  Rev.  D.  C.  Haynes,  (172.00) 

Lowell— A.  L.  Brooks,  $25;  W.  E. 
Divingston,  $20;  S.  W.  Stick- 
ney,  $6;  S Kidder,  R Kitson, 

E.  Tufts,  ea.  $5;  J.  Coggin,  $2; 

Mrs.  Godden,  Mrs.  Thompson, 

ea.  $1 70  00 

New  bury porl-C&pt.  Micajah  Lunt 
$50;  William  Cushing,  $25; 

Mrs.  Hale,  $15;  J.  S.  Hale,  Wm. 

Stone,  ea.  $5 ; Mrs.  Banister,  $2.  102  00 

172  00 

Connecticut. 

By  Rev.  D.  C.  Haynes,  ( $102.00.) 

New  London — Mrs.  Lydia  Learn- 
ed. Robert  Coit,  Colby  Chew, 

Mrs.  Jane  Richards,  W.  C. 
Crump,  ea.  $10;  Daniel  Latham, 

Mrs.  Patten,  Mrs.  Billings, 

Misses  Lockwood,  Miss  Ran- 
ney,  Miss  L.  B.  Weaver,  Rev. 

Dr.  Hallam,  Hon.  H.  P.  Ha- 
ven, Asa  otis,  ea.  $5;  Miss  J.  E. 
Weaver,  $3;  C A.  Weaver, 

James  Newcomb,  ea.  $2 102  00 


102  00 

New  York. 

New  York  City—  Legacy  of  Mrs. 

Nancy  Girard,  P.  Richards, 

Esq.,  Executor 600  00 


By  Rev.  Dr.  Orcutt,  ($108.00.) 

New  York  City — H.  G Marquand, 

$50;  Miss  Mary  Bronson,  Burr 

Wakeman,  ea.  $25 ...  $100  00 

Tottenville— Col.  M.  E,  Church 8 00 


608  00 

New  Jersey 

By  Rev.  Dr.  Orcutt,  ($222.00.) 
Morristown — William  L.  King, 

$100;  Edgar  F.  Randolph,  $25; 

E.  A.  Graves,  R.  R.  Graves,  ea. 

$20;  Mrs.  M J.  Graves,  H.  O. 

Marsh,  Mrs.  Titchenor,  ea.  $5; 

James  R Voorhees,  Mrs.  Vail, 

ea.  $2 184  00 

New  Brunsivick—S.  Van  Wickle, 

$15;  David  Bishop,  $10;  Mrs. 

J.  S.  Seabury,  Cash,  ea.  $5; 
Richard  McDonald,  $2;  Geo. 
McDonald,  $1 38  00 


222  00 

Pennsylvania. 

Philadelphia— Mrs.  J.  B.  Ross 150  00 

By  Rev.  Dr.  Orcutt,  ($80  00.) 
Norristown-ChWhevt  R.  Fox,  J.  M. 


Albertson,  Rev.  J.  Grier  Ral- 
ston, D.  D.,  ea.  $20;  Chester  L. 

Smith,  $10;  Landes  and  May, 

Misses  Powell,  ea  $5 80  00 

”230  00 

Maryland. 

Baltimore— Cash 5 00 

Sandy  Spring— Miss  S.  B.  Gaither.  1 00 

6 00 

District  of  Columbia. 
Washington— Miscellaneous 313  89 

FOR  REPOSITORY. 

New  Hampshire— jPo?Vswom<7i— 

Miss  U.  L.  Martin,  to  July  1, 

1873 3 00 

Connecticut — Meriden — C.  P. 
Champion,  to  July  1, 1873 60 


N e w Y ork — Williamsburgh — - 
Rev.  Jacob  Rambo,  to  Jan,  1, 
1874,  $1.  Potsdam— Hon.  C.  O. 
Tappan,  H.  K.  Baldwin. 
Potsdam  Junction-  N orman  Ash- 
ley, ea.  $1,  to  July  1,  1874,  by 


Rev.  John  K.  Converse 4 00 

New  Jersey — Newark— Judge 
Depue,  to  July  1, 1873,  by  Rev. 

Dr.  Orcutt 1 00 

Maryland— Sandy  Spring—  Miss 

S B.  Gaither,  to  Jan.  1,  1874 2 00 

North  Carolina — Windsor — 

Miss  F.  L.  Roulhac,  to  Jan.  1, 

1874 1 00 

Repository.... 11  50 

Donations 1,017  00 

Legacies 750  00 

Miscellaneous.. 313  89 

Total $2,092  39 


# 


1-7  v.49/50 
African  Repository 

Princeton  Theological  Seminary-Speer  Library 


1 1012  00307  1893